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THE
MEDICAL AND SURGICAL HISTORY
OP" THE
WAR OF THE REBELLION,
(1861-65.)
PKKPAEED, IN ACCOKDANCE AVITH ACTS OF CONGRESS, UNDER THE DIRECTION OF
Surgeon General JOSEPH K, BARNES, United States Army,
WASHINGTON:
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE.
1870.
u, ^
^ . I ;
WAR DEPARTMENT,
SURGEON GENERAL'S OFFICE,
November 12, 1870.
In the first year of the War it became evident that the form of Returns of
Sick and Wounded, then in use, were insufficient and defective; and, on May 21,
1862, measures were taken by the then Surgeon General of the Army, Wm. A.'
Hammond, to secure more detailed and exact reports of sick and wounded, by
important modifications in the returns from medical officers. On June 9, 1862,
the intention to prepare for publication a Medical and Surgical History of the
Rebellion was announced to the Medical Staff, in a Circular from the Surgeon
7 o
General's Office. On July 1, 1863, a Consolidated Statement of Gunshot Wounds,
by Surgeon J. H. Brinton. IT. S. Volunteers, then in charge of the Surgical
«/ O o O
Records, and Curator of the Army Medical Musuem ; and on September 8,
1863, a Report on Sickness and Mortality of the Army during the first year of
the War, prepared by Assistant Surgeon J. J. Woodward, U. S. Army, in charge
of the Medical Records, were published by this Office.
The necessity for a thorough revision of the Returns of Sick and Wounded
becoming apparent, a Medical Board was assembled for this purpose, in July,
1862, and subsequently the following order was promulgated:
[CIRCULAR No. 25.]
GENERAL ORDERS ] WAR DEPARTMENT,
ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE.
No. 355. Washington, November, 4, 1863.
Medical Directors of Armies in the field will forward, direct to the Surgeon General,
at Washington, duplicates of their reports to their several Commanding Generals, of the
killed and wounded, after every engagement.
By order of the Secretary of War :
(Signed:) E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant General.
SURGEON GENERAL'S OFFICE,
Washington, D. <?., Nov. 11, 1863.
To carry out the intentions of the above order, Medical Directors of Armies in the
field will detail suitable officers, who will, under their instructions, collate and prepare for
transmission to this office, all obtainable statistics and data in connection with past and
IV PREFATORY.
future operations of those armies, which may be essential or useful in the accurate
compilation of the Medical and Surgical History of the War.
Particular attention is called to the following points: The morale and sanitary
condition of the troops; condition and amount of medical and hospital supplies, tents,
ambulances, etc.; the points at or near the field where the wounded were attended to;
degree of exposure of wounded to wet, cold, or heat; adequacy of supplies of water, food,
stimulants, etc.; mode of removal of wounded from field to field hospitals; to what general
hospitals the wounded were transferred, by what means and Avhere; the character and
duration of the action, nature of wounds received, etc. When practicable, separate
casualty lists will be made of commissioned officers, non-cornmissioned officers, and
privates. The attention of all medical officers is earnestly directed to the importance of
this subject; without their cooperation no reliable record can be preserved — the vast
experience of the past will remain witli individuals, and be lost to the service and the
country.
J. K. BARNES,
Medical Inspector General,
Acting Surgeon General.
To facilitate the collection and preservation of all important information,
medical officers serving with regiments in the field were furnished, in January,
1864, with a compact and portable Register of Sick and Wounded, and the
following instructions were issued :
o
[CIRCULAR LETTER.]
SURGEON GENERAL'S OFFICE,
Washington, D. G., January 20, 1864.
The Register of Sick and Wounded hitherto in use in the U. S. A. General Hospitals
is hereby discontinued. In lieu thereof will be substituted two Registers for each General
Hospital, viz. :
1. A Register of Sick and Wounded.
2. A Register of Surgical Operations. *
In the former the appropriate entries will be made whenever a patient is admitted
into hospital, and during his subsequent stay therein; and, to assist in the preparation of
this Register, a new form of Bed-Cards has been adopted.
In the "Register of Surgical Operations," will be entered, minutely and in detail, the
particulars of all operations performed, or treated in hospital. These entries should be
made by the medical officers in charge of wards.
The above Registers and Bed-Cards are now in the hands of the Medical Purveyors,
ready for issue, and you are directed to make immediate requisition for the same, adopting
them as soon as received.
J. K. BARNES,
To the Surgeon-in-charge of — Acting Surgeon General.
U. S. A. General Hospital.
PREFATORY. v
In February, 1864, separate Reports were ordered to be made for Sick and
Wounded Eebel Prisoners of War, and for White and Colored Troops, in order to
obtain with greater facility the sickness and mortality rates of each.
A Classified Return of Wounds and Injuries received in Action, a Report
of Wounded, and a Report of Surgical Operations, were adopted in March, 1864,
and distributed with the following circulars :
[CIRCULAR LETTER.]
SURGEON GENERAL'S OFFICE,
Washington, D. C., March 23, 1864.
Medical Directors of Armies in the field will issue the "Classified Return of Wounds
and Injuries received in Action," to the Chief Medical Officers of Corps and Divisions,
who will see that they are properly distributed.
This form, correctly filled up by the Senior Medical Officer of the command engaged,
will bo transmitted, in duplicate, through the proper channel, to the Medical Director of
the Army within three days after every action.
The Medical Director of the Army will, as soon as possible, forward to the Surgeon
General a Consolidated Return of all Casualties, according to the same form. He will, at
the same time, transmit one copy of all Duplicate Returns received from his subordinate
Medical Officers.
J. K. BARNES,
Acting Surgeon General.
[CIRCULAR LETTER.]
SURGEON GENERAL'S OFFICE,
Washington, D. C., March 28, 1864.
SIR:
You are hereby directed to fill up the accompanying " Report of Wounded " and
" Report of Surgical Operations " for the months of January, February, and March, 1864.
The Report of Wounded will consist of an accurate and legible copy of all cases of
wounded entered on the Hospital Register during the quarter.
The Report of Surgical Operations will consist of a correct copy of the Register of
Surgical Operations for the same period.
A list of wounded remaining under treatment on the 31st December, 1863, in the
hospital under your charge, and on furlough, is enclosed; you are directed to fill up the
column " Result and Date," opposite the respective names.
Additional details for the present quarter, of "Surgical Operations remaining under
treatment December 31, 1863," you will report on appended slips of paper.
Blank sets of Reports on Secondary Haemorrhage, Tetanus, and Pyremia, are also
(mclosed. These you will fill up in the usual manner. Should no such cases have occurred
in the hospital under your charge during the time specified, you will so state in your letter
of transmission.
VI PREFATORY.
All of the reports above alluded to will, when compiled, be forwarded directly to the
Acting Surgeon General.
By order of the Acting Surgeon General :
C. H. CRANE,
Medical Officer in charge of- Surgeon U. S. Army.
U. S. A. General Hospital.
Contemporaneously with the establishment of a more accurate system of
Medical and Surgical reports, a pathological collection was commenced, which,
under the charge of Surgeon J. H. Brinton, U. S. Volunteers, and Assistant
o O
Surgeon J. J. Woodward, U. S. Army, became the basis of the Army Medical
Museum, itself, as it now exists, an eloquent and instructive history of the Medicine
and Surgery of the War, and without which no history could have been com
pletely illustrated.
The announcement of this project was cordially responded to by Medical
Officers throughout the service ; and the list of contributors comprises the names
of many most eminent for zeal and ability in the discharge of their duties under
the Government, whose honorable records are identified with this work.
The following Circular was published more to secure a certain class of
specimens, than to stimulate the liberality with which most valuable pathological
material was being forwarded :
[CIRCULAR LETTER.]
SURGEON GENERAL'S OFFICE,
Washington, D. 0., June 24, 1864.
Medical Officers in charge of Hospitals are directed to diligently collect and preserve
for the Army Medical Museum, all pathological surgical specimens which may occur in
the hospitals under their charge.
The objects which it is desired to collect for the Museum may be thus enumerated :
Fractures, compound and simple ; fractures of the cranium.
Excised portions of bone.
Diseased bones and joints.
Exfoliations ; especially those occurring in stumps.
Specimens illustrative of the structure of stumps, (obliterated arteries, bulbous nerves,
rounded bones, etc.)
Integumental wounds of entrance and of exit, from both the round and conoidal ball.
Wounds of vessels and nerves.
Vessels obtained subsequent to ligation, and to secondary haemorrhage.
Wounded viscera.
Photographic representations of extraordinary injuries, portraying the results of
wounds, operations, or peculiar amputations.
PREFATORY. VII
Models of novel surgical appliances, and photographic views of new plans of dressing.
Plaster casts of stumps and amputations, and models of limbs upon which excisions
may have been performed.
It is not intended to impose on Medical Officers the labor of dissecting and preparing
the specimens they may contribute to the Museum. This will be done under the super
intendence of the Curator,
In forwarding such pathological objects as compound fractures, bony specimens, and
wet preparations generally, obtained after amputation, operation, or cadaveric examination,
all unnecessary soft parts should first be roughly removed. Every specimen should then
be wrapped separately in a cloth, so as to preserve all spiculce and fragments. A. small
block of wood should be attached, with the name of the patient, the number of the specimen,
and the name of the medical officer sending it, inscribed in lead pencil. The inscription will
be uninjured by the contact of fluids. The preparation should be then immersed in diluted
alcohol or whiskey, contained in a keg or small cask. When a sufficient number of objects
shall have accumulated, the cask should be forwarded directly to the Surgeon General's
Office. The expenses of expressage will be defrayed in Washington. The receipt of the
keg or package will be duly acknowledged by the Curator of the Museum.
In every instance, a corresponding list or history of the cases should, at the same
time, be forwarded to this office. In this list the number and nature of every specimen
should be clearly specified, and, when possible, its history should be given. The numbers
attached to the specimens themselves, and the numbers on the list forwarded should always
correspond, and should be accompanied by the name and rank of the medical officer by
whom sent. Every specimen will be duly credited in the Catalogue to the medical officer
contributing it.
J. K. BARNES,
Acting Surgeon General.
In order to perfect the returns under examination, as far as possible, the
following Circular was issued :
[CIRCULAR LETTER.]
SURGEON GENEKAL'S OFFICE,
Washington, D. C.t February 2, 1865.
Medical Directors of Armies in the Held or of detached commands are instructed to
transmit to this Office copies of all reports in their possession from the Recorders of Division
or other Field Hospitals, and in future, copies of such reports will be forwarded to the
Surgeon General within twenty days after every engagement.
Medical Directors of Departments will forward to this Office copies of all reports of
individual cases of gunshot injury antecedent to the adoption of the present system of
registration of wounds, (October 1, 1863.) which ar<> on file in their offices.
By order of the Surgeon General :
C. H. CRAKE,
Surgeon U. 8. Army.
VIII PREFATORY.
On April 6, 1866, a letter was addressed to each Medical Director, requiring
that all Eegisters of Hospitals, Consolidated Registers of Soldiers treated, and all
information in their possession pertaining to the Sick, Wounded, Discharged,
and Dead during the war, should be transferred to this Office. Careful revision of
the material accumulated up to that date, had established its immense value to
the civilized world, and it seemed to be demanded that, in justice to. humanity,
and to the national credit, it should, at once, be made available by publication.
By authority of the Secretary of War, Hon. Edwin M. Stanton, Circular
No. 6, A Report upon the Extent and Nature of the Materials available for the
preparation of a Medical and Surgical History of the War, was published, and
an edition of seven thousand five hundred copies distributed.
Encouraged by the approbation of Secretary Stanton, who took the deepest
interest in its success, and aided by his powerful influence, an application was
made to Congress, and an appropriation was granted June 8, 1868, for the
purpose of preparing for publication, under the direction of the Secretary of War,
five thousand copies of the First Part of the Medical and Surgical History of the
Rebellion, compiled by the Surgeon General, and on March 3, 1869, by a Joint
Resolution of Congress, the number of copies mentioned above was authorized to
be printed at the Government Printing Office.
Assistant Surgeon J. J. Woodward, U. S. Army, who had been in charge
of the Medical Records since June 9, 1862, and Assistant Surgeon George A.
Otis, U. S. Army, who was assigned to the charge of the Surgical Records,
October 3, 1864, were directed to prepare the work for publication; the zeal and
intelligence of these Officers having been already fully established.
No work of this character, of equal magnitude, had ever been undertaken;
the Medical and Surgical History of the British Army which served in Turkey
and the Crimea during the war against Russia in 1854, 1855, and 1856, and the
Medico-Chirurgical Report of Doctor J. C. Chenu upon the Crimean Campaign,
published by the French Government in 1865, being the only national publica
tions on military medicine and surgery.
It was not considered advisable to follow the classification of either of these
works, and a plan was determined on which it is believed will be found adapted
to the preservation of the great mass of facts collected, in a form for convenient
study. Through the liberality of the Government, in its beneficent pension laws,
it has been found practicable to obtain accurate histories of many thousand
wounded or mutilated men for years subsequent to their discharge from service.
PREFATORY. TX
The success which has attended this effort to ascertain the ultimate results
of operations or conservative measures, employed in the treatment of the wounded
in the late war, is largely owing- to the cordial cooperation of the Surgeons
General and Adjutants General of States, the Examining Surgeons of the Pension
Bureau, and very many private Physicians throughout the country. As in the
official returns of the casualties of the French and English Armies in the Crimean
War, the cases were dropped when the men were invalided, pensioned, or
discharged from service, this information was considered peculiarly desirable.
In carrying out the intentions of Congress, it has been my earnest endeavor
to make this Medical and Surgical History of the War, not only a contribution to
science, but an enduring monument to the self-sacrificing zeal and professional
ability of the Volunteer and Regular Medical Staff, and the unparalleled liberality
of our Government, which provided so amply for the care of its sick and wounded
soldiers. To the Medical Officers connected more immediately with this work,
for most cordial assistance and unceasing industry ; to those who, at the close of
the war, returned to civil life ; to the members of the Medical Staff of the Army
and Officers of the various Bureaux of the War Department, for the courtesy and
promptness with which requests for information have invariably been responded
to, I am deeply indebted. My thanks, and those of every possessor of these
volumes, are especially due to the Superintendents of the Government Printing
Office, and their skilled assistants, who have spared no pains in making the
typography and execution of this publication worthy of the Government and the
Nation it represents.
JOSEPH K. BARNES,
Surgeon General U' S. Army.
THE
MEDICAL AND SURGICAL HISTORY
OF THE
WAR OF THE REBELLION,
PART I.
VOLUME I.
MEDICAL HISTORY.
Prepared, under the direction of JOSEPH K, BARNES, Surgeon General United States Army,
BY J. J. WOODWARD, ASSISTANT SUEGEON UNITED STATES AKMY.
INTRODUCTION.
The Medical Volume of the First Part of the Medical and Surgical History of the
War of the Rebellion consists of a series of statistical tables presenting a summary view
of the facts embodied in the monthly reports made to the Surgeon General with regard to
the Sickness of the Army, the Deaths, and the Discharges from service on surgeon's
certificate of disability.
These tables have been arranged in two groups; Part I referring to White Troops,
Part II to Colored Troops. Each of these parts again, is subdivided into two sections;
the first referring to Sickness and Mortality, the second to Discharges on surgeon's
certificate of disability.
The propriety of endeavoring to present separately such facts as it has been possible
to collect, with regard to the sickness and mortality of Colored Soldiers, would appear too
obvious to require extended remark in this place. Aside from all considerations of a
scientific or historical nature, motives of humanity would seem to dictate that the statistics
should be presented in the form most likely to render them serviceable as a contribution
to our knowledge of the influence of race-peculiarities on disease. These motives acquire,
if possible, additional importance from the fact that several thousand Colored Men still
continue to form a part of the United States Army. In order that this object might be
attained the statistical tables of Part II have been made to embrace only the Enlisted
Men of colored regiments, the cases and deaths among their white officers being carefully
excluded. The enlisted men of these regiments, however, included, besides persons of
African descent, many of mixed African and European blood, and the returns afforded no
available means for discrimination.
The tables for both White and Colored troops have been constructed by a careful
consolidation of the sick reports made to the Surgeon General. The army regulations in
force at the commencement of the war required the senior medical officer of each hospital,
post, regiment, or detachment, to make monthly, to the Medical Director, and quarterly to
the Surgeon General, a report of Sick and Wounded, of Deaths and of Discharges on
surgeon's certificate of disability.* The Medical Director, by whom the monthly reports
were received, was required to consolidate them and forward the consolidated return
to the Surgeon General. f Printed forms for these purposes were issued by the Surgeon
General's Office.
* Revised Regulations for the Army of the United States, 18G1. Par. 12G4.
tlbid. Par. 1267.
XIV
INTRODUCTION.
The form for the quarterly report to the Surgeon General was as follows :
REPORT OF THE SICK AND WOUNDED AT FOR THE QUARTER
ENDING .. ...., IS
Classes of Diseases.
TAKEN SICK OR RECEIVED INTO HOSPITAL DURING THE QUARTER.
MONTH
FIRST.
SECOND.
THIRD.
TOTAL BY
EACH DISEASE.
SPECIFIC DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
ERUPTIVE
FEVERS. FEVERS.
Febris Typhoides
Febris Typhus Icterodes
All other Diseases of this Class
Erysipelas
Rubeola
Etc. —
Etc
TOTAL
TOTAL HY
GENERAL SUMMARY.
REJV
1
&
<s
3
5
'S.
o
.S
w
X
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B
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02
I
General
"B
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1
£
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fen
3
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s
05
Returns
*M
S
0
Dischar
Deserte
•d
w
S
cc
RATIO PER 1000 OF
MEAN STRENGTH.
Cases. Deaths.
DISCHARGES ON SURGEON'S CERTIFICATE, AND DEATHS.
NAME.
Rank.
Surname. i Christian Name.
Disease.
from Service.
Date of Death.
REMARKS.
INTRODUCTION. xv
One hundred and forty-three diseases were specified on this blank, and classified as
follows: Fevers, Eruptive Fevers, Diseases of the organs connected with the Digestive
System, Diseases of the Respiratory System, Diseases of the Circulatory System, Diseases
of the Brain and Nervous System, Diseases of the Urinary and Genital Organs and
Venereal Affections, Diseases of the Serous Exhalent Vessels, Diseases of the Fibrous
and Muscular Structures, Abscesses and Ulcers, Wounds and Injuries, Diseases of the
Eye, Diseases of the Ear, and All Other Diseases.
The form issued for the monthly reports differed from the foregoing only in the
omission of the columns intended to receive the cases and deaths of the second and third
months, while for the Medical Directors' monthly consolidated reports large sheets were
issued on which the names of the diseases were printed across the top of the page, and
columns ruled below each, so that twenty regimental reports might be entered in full on a
single sheet.
This plan of reporting sickness and mortality had been used in the army, with trifling
modifications, for a number of years, and had been found to work well in times of peace,
but certain embarrassments were encountered when it was attempted to apply it to the
large and suddenly created armies brought into the field at the commencement of the War
of the Rebellion.
On the 23d of July, 1862, therefore, the subject of the monthly reports of sick and
wounded was referred to an Army Board composed of Surgeon Lewis A. Edwards, U. S.
Army, Surgeon .1. II. Brinton, U. S. Volunteers, and Assistant Surgeons J. J. Woodward
and M. .1. A sch, U. S. Army. On the recommendation of this Board it was ordered that
the quart erlv sick reports to the Surgeon General should be discontinued, and that the
monthly reports should be forwarded to the Surgeon General, by the Medical Director,
in company with his consolidated monthly report. Not long after, the Medical Directors
were authorized by the Surgeon General to discontinue the consolidated monthly reports,
and, instead, instructed simply to collect the sick reports of the several regiments and
detachments under their supervision and forward them to the Surgeon General at the close
of each mouth. On the whole, these modifications were found to work satisfactorily, and
discipline improving as the war progressed, greater care was bestowed on the preparation
of the reports, which were forwarded with as much regularity as could have been expected
during active operations.
From these Monthly Sick Reports, mainly, the tables in this volume have been
prepared. They cannot be regarded as complete. There is probably no one month
during which all the regiments and detachments, actually in service, are represented.
Nevertheless, even during the first year, for which they are most imperfect, they embrace
so large a proportion of the troops concerned that they cannot fail to serve fairly as a
reliable basis for deductions with regard to the health of the whole army. Some brief
considerations with regard to the actual degree of completeness attained will be offered in
the course of these introductory remarks.
XVI INTKODTJCTION.
The Army Board, of which mention lias just been made, felt called upon to recom
mend a change in the Classification of Diseases which had formerly been employed in the
monthly sick reports. They advised the adoption of a classification based upon that
devised by Dr. William Farr of London, which had, for some time, been employed in the
statistical reports of the English army. This classification had been generally adopted in
England for civil, as well as for military medical statistics, and its advocates were sanguine
that it would be extensively, if not universally, employed in the official medical publica
tions of civilized nations. It was thought by the Board that the medical statistics of the
war in progress would possess the most general utility if they were collected and published
in such a form as would permit them to be compared readily with similar publications
issued by other nations; and this motive had greater weight in determining the adoption
of Dr. Farr's Nomenclature and Classification than any consideration of its intrinsic merits.
These, indeed, were not discussed by the Board at any very great length; they felt
convinced that in the present state of pathological knowledge any classification which
might be adopted must necessarily be conventional, and they were merely desirous of
selecting from the conflicting systems at their disposal that Avhich seemed most likely to
facilitate the comparison of our own results with those of other countries. After they had
determined to adopt this plan of classification quite a number of proposed changes in its
details were pressed upon them for consideration. The same motives which had led to
their adoption of Dr. Farr's general plan caused them, however, to reject the majority of
these propositions, and they permitted only a few innovations, the reasons for which, as
they conceived, were strong enough to outweigh the obvious objections against admitting
any alterations whatever in the plan adopted.
In its general outlines the classification of Dr. Farr was as follows : All diseases were
divided into five classes. I. Zymotic diseases. II. Constitutional diseases. III. Local
diseases. IV. Developmental diseases. V. Violent diseases or deaths. These classes
were subdivided into orders, viz. :
CLASS I. — Zymotic Diseases.
Order 1. — Miasmatic Diseases.
Order 2. — Enthetic Diseases.
Order 3. — Dietic Diseases.
Order 4. — Parasitic Diseases
CLASS II. — Constitutional Diseases.
Order 1. — Diathetic Diseases.
Order 2. — -Tubercular Diseases.
CLASS III. — Local Diseases.
Order 1. — Diseases of the Nervous System.
Order 2. — Diseases of the Organs of Circulation.
O
Order 3. — Diseases of the Respiratory Organs.
Order 4. — Diseases of the Digestive Organs
INTRODUCTION. XVII
CLASS III. — Local Diseases. — 'Continued.
Order 5. — Diseases of the Urinary Organs.
Order G. — Diseases of the Organs of Generation.
Order 7. — Diseases of Organs of Locomotion.
Order 8. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
CLASS IV. — Developmental Diseases.
Order 1.— Of Children.
Order 2.— Of Women.
Order 3.— Of Old People.
Order 4. — Diseases of Nutrition.
GLASS V. — Violent Diseases and Deaths.
Order 1. — Accident.
Order 2.— Battle.
Order o. — Homicide.
Order 4. — Suicide.
Order 5. — Execution.
Order 6. — Corporal Punishment.
The plan of Dr. Farr was originally drawn up as a report to the Congress of European
Statisticians which met at Paris, September 10, 1855. It was discussed in that meeting,
in the meeting at Brussels in 185G. and in that at Vienna in 1857. During the meeting
O CD o
at Vienna a nomenclature was adopted which was substantially that of Dr. Farr ; but the
Congress failed to agree upon his classification, and subsequent experience has shown that
the hopes of general recognition entertained by its advocates were ill-founded. Never
theless, as it has been employed in the medical reports of the British army, in the reports
of the Registrar General of England, and in many other statistical publications during the
years represented in this work, there appears to be no reason to regret its adoption for
the sick reports of the army during the war.
The classification recommended by the Board, and adopted by the Surgeon General
in the preparation of the new blanks which were issued shortly after, differed from that
of Dr. Farr chiefly in the omission of such details as were judged unlikely to be of
importance for army use, Thus, for example, the class of Developmental Diseases was
omitted, because these diseases pertain chiefly to children, women, and old men, and were
not expected to be encountered to any very great extent as new cases, or as causes of death
among soldiers. In the class of Violent Diseases and Deaths, while Homicide, Suicide,
and Execution of Sentence were kept separate from other Accidents and Injuries, it was
not thought necessary to duplicate each of the headings in the latter order with the view
of keeping the injuries and wounds received in battle separate from those which might
occur accidentally during military operations. In selecting the names of individual diseases
to be printed on the blank in connection with each class and order, the attempt was made
to embrace those of most frequent occurrence and of greatest importance, leaving rarer
affections to be included under the head of All Others of the class or order to which
thev belonged.
*j O
3*
XVIII INTRODUCTION.
But in addition to these mere omissions, considered necessary to adapt the classification
of Dr. Farr to use in our army, the Board felt called upon to recommend a few other
modifications, of which the following were the most important':
They recommended that Parasitic diseases, Class I, Order 4, should be separated
from Zymotic affections and erected into a separate class; that diseases of the Eye and
Ear, included by Dr. Farr under the general head of diseases of the Nervous System,
Class III, Order 1, should be made separate orders of the same class, and that Rheumatism
should be placed alongside of Gout in the Diathetic order of Constitutional diseases, and
Tonsilitis among diseases of the Digestive Organs, instead of including both, as Dr. Fan-
had done in the Miasmatic order of Zymotic affections.
It may be remarked, in this connection, that seven years later the Royal College of
Physicians of London adopted all these alterations, among the other modifications of Dr.
Farr's original plan which they thought best to make in preparing the Nomenclature
of Diseases* they have recently published, and which is hereafter to be employed in
England for both civil and military medical statistics.
The classification recommended by the Board, and adopted for army use, was therefore
as follows:
CLASS I. — Zymotic Diseases.
Order 1. — Miasmatic
Order 2— Enthetic.
Order 3. — Dietic.
CLASS II. — Constitutional Diseases
Order 1. — Diathetic.
Order 2.- — Tubercular.
CLASS III. — Parasitic Diseases.
CLASS IV. — Local Diseases.
Order 1. — Of the Nervous System.
Order 2.— Of the Eye.
Order 3.— Of the Ear.
Order 4. — Of the Organs of Circulation.
Order 5. — Of the Respiratory Organs.
Order 6. — Of the Digestive Organs.
Order 7. — Of the Urinary and Genital Organs.
Order 8. — Of the Bones and Joints.
Order 9. — Of the Integumentary System.
CLASS V. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
Order 1. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
Order 2. — Homicide.
Order 3. — Suicide.
Order 4. — Execution of Sentence.
* The Nomenclature of Diseases, drown np by a joint committee appointed by the Royal College of Physicians of London,
subject to Decennial Eevision. London, 18G9.
INTRODUCTION. XIX
The following definition of such of the above terms as appeared to require explanation
were offered at the time.
The class Zymotic diseases is intended to embrace epidemic, endemic, or contagious
affections, supposed to be induced by some specific body, or by anomalies in the quantity *
or quality of the food. The order Miasmatic diseases includes affections believed to be
due to various atmospheric influences, such as the products of vegetable and animal
decomposition, specific emanations from the human body in a state of disease, and the
so-called marsh miasms. The order Enthetic diseases includes those disorders which are
transmitted by the inoculation of morbid matters. The order Dietic diseases includes
those which are caused by errors in the quantity and quality of the food.
The class Constitutional diseases includes sporadic affection often hereditary and
generally involving several organs, in which morbid products or new formations frequently
make their appearance in the parts involved. From the general mass of these diseases
which are embraced in Order 1 under the designation Diathetic diseases, the Tubercular
diseases, such as Scrofula and Consumption, are separated in Order 2,
After some deliberation the Board agreed in recommending to the Surgeon General that
in the nomenclature of the new blanks, the most generally accepted English designations
of diseases should be employed instead of the Latin terms previously used in our army
reports. Some of these were at best modern barbarisms; some of them were not generally
understood. The difficulties recently experienced by the Committee of the Royal College
of Physicians and Surgeons in making their Latin Version, * will serve to illustrate the
questions involved. The English names selected agree so closely with those of the old nom
enclature of Dr. Fair and the more recent scheme of the College of Physicians and Surgeons,
that no further explanation of them appears to be needed, and they have been employed
in the following tables under the impression that this course would render the work more
generally useful than any Latin nosology which could have been determined upon.
The old blanks were employed for the monthly reports of sick and wounded of the
whole army until the close of the first fiscal year. Subsequently the new form came
rapidly into use. In preparing the tables of this volume the results obtained by con
solidating the sick reports made on the old blanks have been recast in the form of the
new classification, in order that they might be more readily compared. As the new
blanks, however, contained the names of some diseases separately which were not
separately given in the old, while the old blanks contained several names which it was
not thought necessary to present separately in the new, a comparison of the figures for
these affections cannot be made for the whole period. An examination of Table C, page
636 to 641, will show at a glance all the few points of difference arising from this source.
They will be discussed in detail in the Second Volume of the Medical History of the War
in connection with the diseases to which they belong. A single example will serve for
illustration in this place.
* Loc. cit. p. XXIV.
XX INTRODUCTION.
On the old blanks there was a heading for Skin diseases but no separate place for
reporting Itch, all the cases of which were included under the head of Skin diseases. On
the new blank, however, Itch was separated from other Skin diseases and placed as an
independent item in the class of Parasitic diseases. The extent to which this trouble
some disorder was prevailing among the troops was thought to justify this course.
Accordingly in table C it will be seen that no cases of Itch are separately represented
until after the close of the first fiscal year of the war, and even for the second year,
although six thousand two hundred and sixty-three cases of Itch are reported, yet as the
old form of blanks was quite extensively used during the earlier months of this year a
considerable number of other cases are still included with Skin diseases. For subsequent
years, however, as the new blank was used almost exclusively, it is probable that the
number of cases of Itch reported in the table for these years is a close approximation to
the whole number of cases which actually occurred in the mean strength represented.
This example will serve to illustrate the principle involved in other apparent discrepancies
of this kind.
In preparing the tables it was thought best that they should be made to correspond
with the Congressional fiscal years which, as is well known, terminate annually on the
30th of June. The period represented embraces May and June 1861; the first fiscal year
of the war terminating June 30, 1862; the second fiscal. year of the war terminating
June 30, 1863; the third fiscal year of the war terminating June 30, 1864; the fourth
fiscal year of the war terminating June 30, 1865, and the fiscal year following the war
terminating June 30, 1866. This last year was included because, although after the close
of the war the great volunteer army was disbanded with unprecedented rapidity, the
unsettled state of the country rendered it necessary to keep a certain number of volunteer
troops in service for some time after the cessation of actual hostilities, and it was thought
that tables showing the sickness and mortality from disease during the year of peace
following the war would be valuable for comparison with the diseases and deaths of
similar bodies of troops in the same regions during the period of active operations.
With the view of collecting data for the study of the special influences of the several
Geographical Regions of our country on the health of armies operating in them, the
tables for each year are arranged in separate groups for the Atlantic, Central, and Pacific
Regions.
The Atlantic Region embraces the garrisons and stations in the New England and
Middle States, and the field of operations on the slope between the Appalachian range of
Mountains and the Atlantic Ocean, from Maryland southward to Key West, Florida. It
includes therefore the Army of the Potomac and other troops engaged in the campaigns
against Richmond, as well as the several Coast Expeditions, with the exception of that
which resulted in the capture of New Orleans. This last on account of the region which
became the scene of operations and the general subsequent history of the Department
of the Gulf, is embraced in the Central Hem on.
INTRODUCTION. XXI
The Central Region is the groat basin watered by the Mississippi River and its
tributaries. It includes the area between the Appalachian range and the Rocky Mountains.
The tables embrace the reports received from garrisons and stations in Ohio, Indiana
Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota and Iowa, the statistics of the Armies of the
Ohio, Cumberland, and Tennessee, and those of the troops in Missouri, Arkansas and the
Department of the Gulf.
The Pacific Region includes the stations in Colorado. New Mexico and the slope
between the Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean.
The same motive which led to this general grouping made it desirable that the several
regions should be subdivided geographically in constructing the tables embraced in each.
At first sight it might be supposed that this would be best effected by folio win o- the
boundaries of the Military Departments as announced in General Orders; and had these
remained fixed, or been modified only in consequence of the movements of large bodies
of troops, this would have undoubtedly been the case. In the course of events, however,
it was found that so many other circumstances concurred in determining temporary
changes in the boundaries of Departments that it was believed no scientific purpose would
be answered by following these alterations with any degree of strictness.
In the arrangement actually adopted in compiling the tables two chief considerations
were kept constantly in view. On the one hand it was wished that so far as possible thev
should represent the sickness and mortality of troops within certain definite Geographical
Boundaries; on the other hand it was thought desirable that the medical statistics of
those Great Armies which, it might fairly be anticipated, would possess historical interest
should be separately presented. When, after a survey of all the documents, a detailed
plan was finally determined upon, the boundaries selected as guides in the preparation of
the several tables were found to approximate those of the Military Departments so nearlv
that it was thought advisable to use their designations as the Titles of the Tables, and
explanatory remarks have been prefixed to the tables of each region for each year, which
briefly set forth the boundaries of the Departments as described in Orders, together with
such alterations as it was deemed necessary to adopt, in order that Geographical consider
ations mi girt have due influence. In these explanatory remarks the descriptive language
of the General Orders lias been employed, and while such dates and memoranda of events
have been added as seemed required for the comprehension of the tables, it was deemed
advisable to avoid any attempt at a detailed narrative of events. Such a narrative to be
worthy of official publication must needs occupy much more space than could be given in
the present work, and is so far foreign to its purpose that it seems much preferable to
refer the reader to other works for all historical details except those of a strictly medical
or surgical character.
The limits of the several tables having been determined upon it was no small labor
to assign correctly all the individual reports of regiments and detachments. The record
of stations and other internal evidences afforded by the reports themselves were not always
XXII INTRODUCTION.
adequate, and to avoid errors the most pains-taking comparisons were instituted between
the returns to the Surgeon General and those filed in the office of the Adjutant General.
It is believed that by these labors a high degree of accuracy has been attained. Many
thanks are due to the Adjutant General and the officers under his direction for the facilities
afforded by them. The Monthly and Tri-monthly Military Returns of the several depart
mental and subordinate commanders were all carefully compared and every exertion was
made to avoid possible sources of error.
It has already been stated that separate tables are presented for White and Colored
troops. Many other interesting subdivisions suggested themselves, such as the comparison
between the Regular and Volunteer troops, between Officers and Men, between Infantry,
Artillery, and Cavalrv, and between soldiers of American and those of Foreign birth. All
attempts at such subdivision were, however, reluctantly abandoned, as involving a degree
of labor for which there was no adequate clerical force and which would have required a
system of returns entirely different from those in use at the breaking out of the war or
those which it was afterwards thought practicable to adopt. For the same reason it was
deemed inadvisable to attempt to prepare for publication the separate regimental returns
which have served as a basis for the present tables. In extent and costliness such a
publication would have exceeded all reasonable limits.-
The tables representing the several Departments and Armies are so arranged as to
present the sickness and mortality of each year by Months. This was done with a view
to the study of the question of the influence of Season on the diseases of the several
Regions.
Briefly, then, the tables for White -troops embrace the diseases and deaths of Officers
and Men of all arms, both Regulars and Volunteers in the several Departments and
Regions, for each Month during the progress of the Avar, and are arranged with special
reference to the study of the influence of Season and Region on the health of armies
engaged in active operations in the United States. In the case of the Colored troops
similar tables are presented, which, however, represent Enlisted Men only.
The next point in the tables requiring remark is the Mean Strength which appears
at the top of the column for each month. This figure was invariably obtained by adding
together the mean strengths given in the individual reports consolidated for the month.
It is simply to be understood as representing the number of men among whom the
diseases and deaths reported in the column beneath occurred. ISTo other plan would have
served as the basis for the deduction of correct ratios from the tables. Of course the
numbers will not be found to agree with the departmental returns in the office of the
Adjutant General. Some discrepancies will be due to the fact that the boundaries of
departments have, in many instances, been modified as already explained, others to the
absence of military or of medical returns from individual regiments or detachments, while
yet others are clue to the circumstance that the medical reports represent the mean strength
for the month, while the returns to the Adjutant General represent the strength on the day
INTRODUCTION. XXTIT
of their (late. This last consideration must not be overlooked by those who may desire to
make use of the mean strengths given in (his volume for the ordinary purposes of
history. .During ;l part of the war the medical officer of -each regiment or detachment
was ordered to obtain the mean strength of the command represented in his report by
adding together the strength present, as obtained from the consolidated morning report of
the command, for each day of the month and dividing by the number of days. To
dimmish the labor involved in this process it was subsequently directed that the mean
strength of commands should be obtained for the monthly reports by adding together the
total strength present on the 10th, 20th, and last day of the month as received from the
commanding officer,- and dividing by three. This method would give, it was thought,
results closely approximating those obtained by the former more troublesome plan. If
the mean strength obtained for any command by either of these methods be compared
with the strength reported on the last day of the month on the military returns a consid
erable discrepancy may be expected in two cases: First, if the command has experience!
any increase during the month, the mean strength will be less than the strength on the
last day; second, if the command has experienced any decrease during the month, the
mean strength will be greater than the strength present on the last day, so that an
exact coincidence can seldom be anticipated. It would seem, however, to require no
argument in this place to show that the mean strength should be employed in medical
statistical tables rather than the strength on any given day. The mean strength given
in the tables for White troops embrnces officers as well as enlisted men, and the cases
and deaths of both are included. In the tables for Colored troops, however, the mean
strength does not include the white officers, nor are their diseases and deaths embraced in
the tables.
The mean strength entered in the column of each table headed Total, is the
arithmetical mean of the several monthly strengths given in the table, and in all the
complete tables represents the annual average mean strength. In the partial tables it
represents the average mean strength for the number of months exhibited in the table.
The number of cases and deaths in the same column is the sum of the figures in the
previous column.
In the Annual Consolidated tables for Regions the mean strength for each month is
obtained by adding together the mean strengths of the several Departments embraced in
the region as Given for the month in previous tables. The strength entered m the column
O O 1 O
headed Total, in these regional tables is, however, not obtained by adding together the
t&tals of the departmental tables, but is the arithmetical mean of the sums of the monthly
strengths of the regional tables. It thus represents the annual average mean strength oi the
region. It will readily be understood that by merely adding together the strength given in
the departmental tables in the column headed Total, the figure obtained for the regional
tables would not fairly represent the annual average mean strength of the region in those
cases in which any of the departmental tables represented fractions of a year.
XXIA7 INTRODUCTION.
The several departmental tables in the Atlantic and Central Regions for each year
are followed by a table presenting an abstract of the Mortality in the General Hospitals
of the reo-ion during; the year. This table, it will be observed, contains Deaths only, the
O O «/
column for Cases being left blank. Some explanation of the reason of (his circumstance
is required.
In the first place it is to be remarked that the departmental tables, being made up of
the reports from regiments and detachments in the field and in garrison, contain not merely
those cases which were treated in Quarters and in the Regimental and Post Hospitals but
also those which were subsequently sent for treatment to the General Hospitals at the
base of operations or in the Northern States. It was the custom to send the majority of
the serious cases to these General Hospitals and, as a consequence, it will be observed that
the mortality represented in the Departmental Tables is extremely light. As a rule the
patient did not remain stationary until recovery or death, an inmate of the General
Hospital into which he was at first received. Military necessity continually required the
hospitals nearest the base of operations to be cleared, and the patients to be sent to more
distant establishments in order to make room for the sick of armies about to move or for
the thousands of wounded requiring care after great battles. It was usual when an army
was about to commence active operations to disembarrass the Field Hospitals of patients
that the medical staff and hospital establishment might accompany the moving columns.
It was also the usage after engagements to transport the greater portion of the wounded
to the nearest General Hospital. Some noteworthy exceptions to the latter rule occurred,
the particulars of which will be found in the Surgical History of the War, but these
exceptions were not sufficiently frequent to militate with the correctness of the general
statement. In transfers of this kind it was with great propriety made the rule to move
the sick to make room for the wounded, but the wounded also were often necessarily
removed in great numbers so that it frequently happened that patients of both classes
passed through several hospitals before the final termination of their cases. Under these
circumstances it will be readily understood that a consolidation of the monthly reports of
sick and wounded of the General Hospitals, made \vith the view of ascertaining the
number of Cases of each disease or injury treated, would lead only to duplication of Cases
and inextricable confusion. Nothing short of a pains-taking tracing out of each one of
the cases through the hospital books now preserved at the Surgeon General's Office, could
lead to any useful results in this direction, and such an undertaking would require, for
years, the labor of a clerical force much larger than lias ever been at the disposal of the
bureau. On the other hand it was comparatively an easy matter to avoid any duplication
of Deaths.
It is proposed that, among other matters, the Third Volume of the Medical History
of the War shall contain a somewhat detailed account of the General Hospital System.
To this the reader must be referred for particulars ; but some brief allusion to the facts of
the case appears indispensable to the comprehension of the statistical questions involved.
INTRODUCTION. xxv
Before the war, the troops composing the United States Army were chiefly distributed
as garrisons of the various permanent or temporary works constructed for Sea Coast
Defence or for the protection of the Indian Frontier. Each of these stations was provided
with a small Post Hospital in which the serious cases of sickness were treated by the
medical officer attached to the post. Mild cases were usually prescribed for and allowed
to remain in Quarters. When troops began to go into camp at the commencement of the
war, each regiment established a Regimental Hospital on the same general plan. Hospital
tents, or some building temporarily occupied, afforded shelter for the more serious cases
who were there treated by the regimental surgeon or his assistants, while milder cases
were prescribed for and excused from duty, but continued to occupy their ordinary tents
or such other shelter as was provided for the rest of the command. When several
regiments were grouped together as Brigades, it was often found convenient to establish
all the Regimental Hospitals of the brigade at one point, and this speedily led to their
consolidation in many instances as Brigade Hospitals. At a later period the same tendency
to consolidation led to the union of the several Brigade Hospitals of a Division, forming
thus a Division Hospital. The Division Hospital was sometimes a mere aggregation of
Regimental or Brigade Field Hospitals, but in its highest development in connection with
large Armies in which the troops were maneuvered by Divisions, it formed a single unit,
bearing the same relation to the Division that the Regimental Hospital did to the Regiment.
An interesting account of the workings of the Division system of Field Hospitals will be
found in the Appended Documents of this volume, especially in the reports of Medical
Director McParlin, p. 148 et seq. to which the reader is referred.
But very shortly after the organization of troops was commenced in 1861, it was
found that the system of Post and Regimental Hospitals was not adequate to provide for
all the sick. Difficulty was especially experienced when a regiment received marching
orders. It was then desirable of course that the Regimental Surgeon, with his assistants
and hospital tents, should accompany the command, while, on the other hand, there was
very generally a certain number of sick or wounded under treatment who could not with
propriety be carried along. Moreover the maximum hospital accommodation which it
was practicable to allow each regiment, proved insufficient to provide for all the patients
on occasions of emergency, as during the prevalence of epidemics, or after the occurrence
of general engagements. It became necessary, therefore, to organize near the base of
operations independent hospitals which should receive and care for the sick necessarily left
behind when troops moved, as well as those for whom the Regimental Hospitals could
afford no accommodation, and the wounded after battles. Such establishments, known as
General Hospitals, being of a more or less permanent character, it was possible to provide
more conveniences and comforts for the care of the sick and wounded than could be
furnished in the field, and hence it early became the custom to send the more serious cases,
especially those likely to require protracted treatment, to General Hospital. When in the
course of events the General Hospitals, near the several bases of operation, became
XXVI INTRODUCTION.
encumbered with sick and wounded, others were established at various points throughout
the Northern States, and the hospitals near the base of operations were evacuated from
time to time upon the more distant establishments, to make room for the continual stream
of diseased and disabled which constantly flowed from the scene of active operations.
It will be the task of the medical historian in the Third Volume to trace these
operations in detail. He will have to show how it happened, that after a period of
transition, in which hotels, factories, and other existing buildings, many of them ill suited
for hospital purposes, were temporarily occupied, wooden barracks came to be constructed
for hospital purposes, which were improved from time to time, as experience suggested
modifications in the original plans, until a unique system of Barrack Hospitals, each capable
of accommodating from one to three thousand patients, resulted, which is well worthy
of the serious attention of military surgeons. He will have to detail the events which
ultimately led to the recognition of the General Hospitals as independent military posts,
of which the Surgeon-in-charge was the Commanding Officer, subject only to the jurisdiction
of the Medical Director and of the General Commanding the Department. He will have
to show how the principle, that the Surgeon-in-charge is the proper person to command a
General Hospital, was speedily pushed to its logical results; how the Line Officers
commanding the guard of the hospital, or acting as its quartermaster or commissary, were
placed under the authority of the Surgeon-in-charge and ordered to report to him, and
how the results attained so fully justified the course pursued, that the Medical Department
may confidently appeal to the precedent thus established as its warrant for asking the
like enlarged jurisdiction and powers in any future war.
An examination of the monthly reports of sick and wounded from these General
Hospitals shows that their population was constantly fluctuating. Thousands of patients
were often received and sent away in a single month. Events at the front, and the
consequent condition of the hospitals near the base of operations, more frequently than
the nature of the disease or injury, determined the stay of the patient in any individual
hospital. Of course when a number of cases were sent from a hospital in anticipation
of fresh arrivals, the less serious cases of both wounds and disease were, so far as possible,
selected for transportation, a fact which is not to be overlooked in interpreting the greater
mortality which distinguished the hospitals near the base of operations ; but it was not
always practicable to adhere strictly to this rule. Moreover, no inconsiderable movement
of individual patients was determined by the efforts made from time to time by the State
authorities to have the sick and wounded transferred for treatment to hospitals within
their own State boundaries.
A review of all these facts, and of others of similar character, which need not now
be specified, compelled the compiler of this volume reluctantly to abandon the hope of
presenting in tabular form the number of cases of each disease treated in General Hospitals.
The plan adopted with regard to the matter may be briefly summed up as follows :
The Departmental tables embrace the Cases and Deaths obtained by the consolidation
INTRODUCTION. XXVII
of the monthly sick reports of troops in the Field and in Garrison. They represent the
number of men taken sick each month out of the mean strength given, and the nature
of their complaints so far as could be ascertained by the medical officers who attended
them. They set forth also the number who died with their commands, and in the several
Post, Regimental, Brigade, and Division Hospitals attached.
The Hospital tables exhibit the number who died in the General Hospitals of each
region, arranged by months and causes of death.
The Consolidated tables for Regions embrace, then, the total number of new Cases
occurring from month to month in the strength given, arranged by diseases, and the total
number of Deaths, also arranged by months and diseases, and including deaths in General
Hospital as well as those occurring in the field and in garrison.
It will then be understood, that in computing the ratio of Cases to strength for any
disease, the number of cases may be compared with the strength given in the departmental
tables, or with their sum in the regional or army tables. But in computing the ratio
of Deaths to strength, the hospital population, as exhibited in the several hospital tables,
must be taken into account.
A comparison of the number of cases with the number of deaths for any disease will,
however, require the consideration of some additional circumstances. For since it has
been impossible to prepare tables showing the number of Cases of each disease received
into the General Hospitals, and since every effort has been made to secure the distribution
of the Deaths among the real causes of death, the number of deaths exhibited by the
Regional and Army tables cannot always be regarded as bearing a direct relationship to
the number of cases. The figures are to be regarded rather as independent facts, often
intimately connected, and here offered for future reasonable discussion. No attempt has
been made to reconcile the apparent discrepancies in the tables arising from this source.
It was thought important that both classes of facts should be presented in the most
complete manner, and that all attempt to bring them into accord should be postponed to
become a subject of discussion in connection with individual diseases of importance in the
Second Volume.
An examination of the tables, therefore, will show many instances in which the
number of Deaths is disproportionally large as compared with the number of Cases, and
even some instances in which more Deaths than Cases are reported. These examples are
not to be looked upon as oversights or errors on the part of those to whom the preparation
of the tables was entrusted. They are the necessary consequence of the fidelity with
which the facts, as reported, were consolidated. A single example will serve as an
illustration.
In table LXVII, which is an abstract of the Sickness and Mortality of the Central
Region for the year ending June 30, 1864, it will be observed on page 429 that the
number of Cases of Inflammation of the Brain reported is 215, with 271 Deaths, which might
be supposed to involve an impossibility. But an examination of the previous table shows,
XXVIII INTRODUCTION.
page 423, that 128 of these deaths occurred in General Hospital. It would appear,
therefore, simply that 215 Gases and 143 Deaths of Inflammation of the Brain were reported
among the garrisons and troops in the Central Region during the year, and that besides
128 Deaths of the same disease occurred in the General Hospitals of the Region. Some
of the Deaths in hospital were doubtless patients included among the Cases of the garrison
and field reports; but the greater part of them were probably men who had entered
hospital with other complaints. The detailed facts would be interesting and valuable, but
cannot be ascertained. We can, however, learn from the tables the number of New Cases
of the disease which originated in the reported strength in field and in garrison during
the time specified. We can also learn the whole number of Deaths attributed to this
cause, including those which occurred in the given hospital population. Each of these
facts has its own independent value, and each requires separate consideration. The two
classes of facts can only be brought into relationship with a view to studying the relative
mortality per thousand cases in connection with those affections of which a very large
number of cases has been reported, and even in these instances the results attained will
often require modification in accordance with considerations peculiar to each disease.
The writer is perfectly aware of the inconvenience of the circumstances just
recounted, and has also fully considered many other objections to the plan which he has
adopted for dealing with the monthly reports of the General Hospital. He also regrets
greatly the impossibility of compiling tables giving general statistical information with
regard to the number of cases of each disease which arose de novo in the hospital popu
lation, or of secondary diseases and complications. He is firmly convinced, however,
that a more ambitious course than he has adopted would have led merely to less reliable
result.
It must further be explained in this place that the tables in this volume do not
embrace those Killed in Action, those dead of Wounds or Disease while Prisoners of War,
or those who died while on Furlough, Leave of Absence, Absence Without Leave, or after
Discharge from service on surgeon's certificate of disability. In the case of those Killed
in Action, the monthly sick reports could not always be expected to attain accuracy, the
Surgeon usually obtaining his information with regard to them indirectly and at second
hand. The names of such of the killed as could be learned by him with reasonable
certainty were entered in the sick report among the names of the dead, but the printed
blanks directed that they should not be included in the statistical portion of the report,
and a careful examination of the reports received shows that this rule was advisable.
The number of deaths from Gunshot and other Wounds given in the tables, therefore,
excludes the Killed in Battle, but the number of Wounded was intended to embrace all the
Wounded among the mean strength given, and when this intention was not carried out, as
was sometimes probably the case, especially after certain general engagements, it was in
consequence of circumstances which interferred with the efforts of the Medical Officer to
obtain full details with regard to the Wounded of the commands to which they belonged.
INTRODUCTION. XXIX
Instances in which this took place are known, and it seems reasonable to suppose that
many others must have occurred, so that the figures in the tables representing the number
of Wounded, and especially the number of Gunshot Wounds, must be regarded as probably
less than the real number occurring in the mean strength represented. For the full
discussion of this part of the subject, however, the reader must be referred to the Surgical
Volumes of this work.
In addition to the foregoing explanations, which it has been thought advisable to
offer as aids to the appreciation of the tables contained in this volume, it seems proper to
make next some general remarks with regard to the Total Losses of our armies during
the war by Death, and by Discharge on surgeon's certificate of disability. These remarks
will be founded upon estimates derived from other sources of information than the reports
of sick and wounded employed in the construction of the tables, and will therefore be of
service as indicating the degree of completeness which these may fairly be considered to
possess.
The first source of information which would appear to require consideration is the
Adjutant General's Office, in which are preserved the military records of the army.
Here are to be found the Keturns of posts, armies, and departments, the monthly Muster
and Pay Rolls of individual companies, and the Final Statements of deceased soldiers. The
last-named of these reports have served as the basis for a most pains-taking investigation
with regard to the subject of our present inquiry. It was the duty of company and other
officers to furnish such a record of each death occurring within their jurisdiction, and
hence the fact and date of death was thus reported in a large part of the whole number
of the dead. These returns give, in each case, the name, rank, company, and regiment of
the deceased, and state also, whenever the officer making the return was acquainted with
the circumstances, whether he was Killed in Battle, or Died of Wounds or of Disease.
Of course many men were killed or died for whom no such final statements were
made at the time. After engagements men were often missing concerning whom it was
not known whether they were killed or taken prisoners ; deaths not unfrequently occurred
among men absent from their commands of which no responsible officer had knowledge ;
reports were captured by the enemy, lost or mislaid, and the duty of making them out
was not invariably performed. At the close of the war, therefore, these files were far
from complete.
It happened, however, immediately after the war was over, that vast numbers of
applications began to be made to the Adjutant General by officers of the Pay Department,
by the Second Auditor, and by the Commissioner of Pensions, for official evidence of the
service and death of individual soldiers, to enable these officials to adjust the claims of
the heirs of the deceased against the government, These applications not merely
rendered it necessary to make a most laborious examination of the muster rolls to extract
the deaths recorded in them, but in the case of those claimed to be dead, for whom there
was no final statement, and who were not entered as dead on the muster rolls, it became
XXX INTRODUCTION.
necessary to hear evidence in order to arrive at the actual facts, and the result in each
case being duly recorded, the files representing the dead were daily rendered more nearly
complete.
In view of these circumstances it would be anticipated that the Adjutant General's
Office would now be able to furnish the most complete and reliable information extant
with regard to the number and names of the dead. It might also be presumed that the
number of men actually Killed in Battle could be most nearly approximated from the same
source, while it would seem probable that a large proportion of those who died of wounds
or of disease would appear simply as Dead, without any cause of death having been
recorded. Each of these expectations is fully realized on an examination of the information
derivable from this source.
In reply to an inquiry from the Surgeon General, the Adjutant General has furnished
the following statement dated October 25, 1870:
" The total number of deaths, so far as known at the office, from the commencement to the close of the Rebellion, is as follows :
Regular Army, Commissioned Officers 267
Regular Army, Enlisted Men 4, 592
Volunteer Army, Commissioned Officers 8, 553
Volunteer Army, Enlisted Men 256, 427
Colored Troops, Commissioned Officers
Colored Troops, Enlisted Men 33, 380
Total number of deaths . . 303, 504"
The commissioned officers of the Colored troops being almost without exception white,
the above figures may be classified as follows :
Total mortality among White Officers and Men 270, 124
Total mortality among Colored Men 33, 380
Total number of deaths ... 303, 504
These numbers are to be understood as embracing the deaths from all causes, including
the slain in battle and those who died while prisoners of war, or while absent on furlough
or otherwise, so far as it has been possible to collect information with regard to them at
the Adjutant General's Office up to the 25th of October, 1870.
The period represented by the words "from the commencement to the close of the
Rebellion" in the above statement, was found, on inquiry at the Adjutant General's Office,
to have been used in the case of the Regular Army with a somewhat different significance
from that with which it was employed in the case of the Volunteer Forces.
For the Regular Army the figures represent the number of officers and men who are
known to have died between the 15th of April, 1861, and the 1st of June, 1865.
- For the Volunteer Forces, both White and Colored, however, the figures embrace all
the deaths known to have occurred in the volunteer organizations called out during the
progress of the war up to the date of their muster out of the service. This date may be
approximately fixed for the White troops at about the close of the last fiscal year repre
sented in this volume, though a few scattered Companies remained in service subsequently,
the last of which, a Battalion of New Mexico Volunteer Cavalry, was not mustered out
until November 18, 1867.
INTRODUCTION. XXXI
In the cases of the Colored Volunteers, the process went on more slowly, the last
Regiment having been mustered out December 20, 1867.
In both cases it is to be understood that the number of dead given is derived from
an actual count of the names of the individuals recorded as dead, and not from the
consolidation of numerical returns of any kind. This circumstance renders it quite clear
that the real number of deaths cannot be supposed to be less than the statement above
given by the Adjutant General, and a consideration of the facts with regard to the additions
made to the death files since the war, will give weight to the opinion that it cannot be
materially greater.
It is true that, as has been already indicated, the death records of the Adjutant
General's Office were quite incomplete at the close of the war; but the liberal policy
pursued by the government in the matter of bounty, back pay and pensions, has
undoubtedly resulted in ascertaining the facts with regard to the greater portion of those
of the dead who were not properly included in the original files. Some notion of the
extent of the work thus done, can be formed by comparing the statement now made by
the Adjutant General, with former published statements based upon the records of his
office at different intervals after the war.
Thus, for example, in Part VI of the Final Report of the Provost Marshal General
to the Secretary of War, dated March 17, 1866, there will be found under the head of
"Casualties in the Military Forces" an official statement of the mortality of the Army as
deduced from the muster rolls and returns of the Adjutant General's Office. This
statement, which is given in tabular form on page 78 of the report, embraces a considerable
number of items, the consolidation of which gives the following results:
Number of deaths among White Officers and Men 250, 651
Number of deaths among Colored Men 29, 038
Total 279,689
February 27, 1869, a report on the same subject was made by the Adjutant General
to the Secretary of War, for the information of a Committee of the House of Represen
tatives. This report, a copy of which was furnished to the Surgeon General, contained a
" Consolidated Statement of the number of Federal Soldiers who died in the Service of
the United States during the Rebellion." A consolidation of the items of this table
furnishes the following results :
Number of deaths among White Officers and Men 261, 036
Number of deaths among Colored Men 33, 380
Total.. 294,416
A comparison between these three sets of figures which show the number of deaths
known to the office of the Adjutant General, in March 1866, February 1869, and October
1870, respectively, will afford some notion of the laborious and conscientious manner in
which that officer and his assistants have endeavored to perfect the Official Record of
])eaths.
XXXII INTRODUCTION.
The figures offered at the last date will probably receive still further accretions in the
future ; yet, as the number of new names added to the list during the three months
immediately preceding October 25, 1870, was only one hundred, it cannot be presumed
that the whole number finally recorded will be. very much greater than that now presented.
In appreciating the evidence derived from this source, the possibility that a few
deaths may have been erroneously recorded by mistake, or in consequence of fraudulent
evidence, must, of course, receive consideration. It must also be confessed, that, notwith
standing all the pains taken, a certain number of deaths must eventually escape record.
Nevertheless, when all the circumstances are taken into consideration, and especially the
pecuniary interests involved, the scrutiny which this circumstance has compelled, the large
number of names added to the list annually for several years after the close of the war,
and the small number added recently, it may well be believed that a close approximation
to the actual facts has now been attained.
The next source of information for consideration is the office of the Quartermaster
General.
According to the Army Regulations in force at the commencement of the war, it was
the duty of the Quartermaster's Department to provide for the Burial of deceased soldiers.
The great increase of the national forces caused by the war, and the large number of dead,
suggested, early in the course of the struggle, the idea of National Cemeteries especially
designed for this purpose.
By an act of Congress approved July 17, 1862, the President of the United States
was authorized to purchase cemetery grounds and cause them to be enclosed for the burial
of "the soldiers who shall die in the service of the Country."
After the close of the war it was deemed necessary to legislate still further on the
subject, and it was provided by Public Resolution No. 21, approved April 13, 1866, " that
the Secretary of War be, and he is hereby, authorized and required to take immediate
measures to preserve from desecration the graves of the soldiers of the United States, who
fell in battle or died of disease in the field and in hospital during the War of the Rebellion ;
to secure suitable burial places in wrhich they may be properly interred, and to have the
grounds enclosed, so that the resting places of the honored dead may be kept sacred
forever."
In the following year an act "to establish and protect National Cemeteries" was
approved February 22, 1867, which provided in detail for the purchase of grounds, the
management and inspection of cemeteries, and the punishment of any person who should
mutilate monuments or injure the trees and plants.
In obedience to the regulations in force at the commencement of the war, and to
orders issued by the War Department, from time to time, in accordance with the spirit of
these acts, every effort would appear to have been made to collect the remains of the dead,
to inter them decently, and to record all the facts known in connection with each grave.
The thorough character of the work may be inferred from the circumstance that it has
INTRODUCTION. XXXTII
already cost upwards of three millions of dollars. After no other war, whether of ancient
or modern times, have any such systematic exertions been made to secure the collection of
the dead and their interment in permanent resting places. It is proper, therefore, that
the statistician should give the fullest consideration to the information derivable from this
source.
The Quartermaster General, in his annual report for the fiscal year ending June 30,
1865, dated November 3, 18G5, makes the following statement: "Under General Orders
No. 40, of July 3, 1865, which, on the conclusion of the war, called upon the officers of
this department for special reports of the number of interments registered during the war,
.reports have been received from officers in seventeen States, including the District of
Columbia. They report the interments registered in their offices at 116,148. Of these
there were whites, 95,803 ; colored, 20,345 ; loyal, 98,827 ; disloyal, 12,596 ; refugees,
600; contrabands, 4,125."
In his annual report for the following fiscal year, dated October, 1866, the same
officer furnishes an elaborate account of the efforts being made under his supervision, to
collect the remains of the dead and to establish National Cemeteries. Forty-one National
Cemeteries had been established at the close of the fiscal year terminating June 30, 1866,
and ten more had been determined upon. Four hundred and twelve cemeteries, not the
property of the Nation, were known to contain the remains of soldiers. Up to the date
mentioned 87,(>64 had been removed and reinterred ; the National Cemeteries already
contained " the remains of 101,528 loyal soldiers." It was believed that 135,881 bodies
would yet have to be moved and reinterred, and the total number of the remains " of loyal
soldiers" was estimated at 341,670.
As the work of collecting the remains of the deceased soldiers from battle-fields,
way sides, and private cemeteries progressed, it was found that these estimates were not
exact. The number of bodies which it seemed desirable to move and reinter, was found
to be somewhat larger than had been anticipated, and the total number of remains proved
considerably less than the estimate.
Inquiries made at the office of the Quartermaster General in November, 1870, showed
that about two hundred and forty thousand bodies had been moved and reinterred, and
a few hundred more still required the same care. At that time there were seventy-three
National Cemeteries devoted exclusively to the burial of the dead who had fallen during
the rebellion in the service of their country. Bodies of "deceased Union soldiers" were
also known to be buried in three hundred and sixteen local, private, or post cemeteries.
The total number of graves, solar as known, was 315,555. These were all believed to
contain the bodies of Union soldiers who had died or been killed during the rebellion, but
of the whole number 172,109 only, or rather more than one-half, had been identified by
name.
It appears, therefore, that while,' as it has been shown, the names of 303,504 dead
officers and soldiers are recorded in the office of the Adjutant General with every reasonable
XXXIV INTRODUCTION.
probability that the list does not embrace quite the whole number, the records of the
Quartermaster General show the existence of 315,555 graves, believed to contain the
remains of officers and soldiers dead during the Rebellion. The question, therefore, at
once arises, what statistical value can be attached 'to the latter figures as indicating the
real number of the dead? There can be no doubt that the officers to whom the task of
collecting the bodies of the dead was entrusted, performed their work with zeal and care.
Yet from the very nature of the case, the greater portion of the labor was done after the
war had closed, and most of the bodies collected from their temporary resting places on
battle-fields, or elsewhere throughout the Southern States, had been several years in the
ground. The whole country was divided into districts and the most careful inquiries were.
made by the officer in charge of the Cemeterial work of each, so that it is not likely that any
considerable number of soldiers' graves could have escaped observation. But, on the other
hand, is there no probability that in disinterring the nameless dead, the bodies of teamsters^
camp followers, refugees, fugitive slaves, or even Confederate soldiers may have been mis
taken at times for those of our own men ? There appears to be little doubt that those
encrao-ed upon the work took every reasonable precaution to avoid mistakes, and that every
available source of information was freely consulted. Yet the extent to which clothing and
arms captured from the United States were used by the Confederates, must have interfered
considerably with the certainty of such identifications. Taking all the circumstances into
consideration, it would hardly be possible therefore to regard the number of graves as
affording any very precise indication of the mortality of our armies, if no other fact than
this number existed for our guidance. Yet when the close agreement between the number
of graves and the number actually known to be dead as shown by the evidence in the
Adjutant General's Office is taken into consideration, there would appear to bo no great
difficulty in arriving at an approximative judgment. The real number is assuredly greater
than the number of names recorded up to the present date at the office of the Adjutant
General. It cannot reasonably be supposed to exceed the total number of graves. The
truth must probably be between three hundred and four and three hundred and sixteen
thousand deaths.
A comparison must now be made between the foregoing figures and the testimony to
be derived from the office of the Surgeon General. About the date of the close of the war
a series of alphabetical registers of the dead were commenced in that office. In these
books the names of the dead, as given on the monthly sick reports, were entered, and sub
sequently all the additional names found in the Registers of the closed hospitals and other
records turned in to the office after the Avar, were carefully added, every pains being taken
to avoid duplicating names. The Commissioner of Pensions soon adopted the practice of
referring to the Surgeon General for information as to the Cause of Death of those soldiers
whose widows or heirs applied for pension. The Adjutant General, in order to complete
his death records, in the manner already described, applied for information as to the fate
of many thousands of soldiers reported on the muster rolls as absent from their Regiments ;
INTRODUCTION. XXXV
the Paymaster General and Second Auditor made continual applications for similar infor
mation to enable them to settle claims for back pay or bounty, and all these demands
have compelled a most pains-taking and thorough examination of the records.
A consideration of the sources from which the Surgeon General's records are derived
would render it probable, even before examining the results, that while they would excel
those of the Adjutant General in the 'presentation of details with regard to the nature of the
Disease or Injury which was the Cause of Death, they would contain a much smaller number
of dead men's names. These records are, in fact, principally derived from the reports and
record books of the Medical Officers of the Army. They could not be expected to contain
complete lists of those Killed in Battle, of those who died while Prisoners of War, or of the
deaths in detachments unprovided with Medical Officers, and this has, in fact, proved to
be the case. Yet although the number of dead recorded in the alphabetical death
registers of the Surgeon General's Office is less than the total number reported by the
Adjutant General, the figures differ much less than might have been anticipated.
A. careful count of these death registers made in October 1870, for the purposes of
this work, gives the following results.
The total number of deaths recorded, embracing officers and men of the Regular Army
from April 15, 1861, to June 30, 1865, inclusive, and officers and men of the Volunteer
forces, both white and colored, while in service, from the date of their muster-in to the date
of their muster-out, is 282,955, being 20,549 less than the corresponding figures of the
Adjutant General, or about nine-tenths of what may be safely regarded as the whole
number of deaths within the limits specified. The deaths contained in these registers are
distributed as follows :
Regular Army, Officers and Enlisted Men - 5, 200
Volunteer Army, Officers and Enlisted Men including Officers of Colored Troops 245, 690
Enlisted men of Colored Troops 3*> 065
Total.. 282,955
A detailed examination into the discrepancies existing between these figures and those
of the Adjutant General shows that the chief difference exists in the case of the enlisted
men of the Volunteer Army; the total number of dead among the enlisted men of the
Volunteer Army as recorded in the office of the Adjutant General being 256,427, while
the total number recorded in the office of the Surgeon General is but 237,150. The
difference is 19,277, which is by far the greater portion of the total discrepancy. This
discrepancy is mainly due to the opportunities enjoyed by the Adjutant General's Office
for accumulating evidence of the fact of death in individual cases since the war. In the
o
case of the Colored troops, also, the Adjutant General has a greater number of names,
while, on the other hand, in the case of the Regular Army the records of the Surgeon
General contain several hundred more names than are reported by the Adjutant General.
A further examination into the alphabetical registers of the Surgeon General's Office
fully bears out the presumption that while they would contain a somewhat smaller number
of names than have been recorded as dead by the Adjutant General, they might be
XXXVI INTRODUCTION.
expected to afford particulars as to the Cause of Death in a much greater number of
instances, the principal exception being in the case of those who were Killed in Battle.
A comparison of the two sets of records would seem likely, therefore, to afford the
means of arriving at some general conclusions with regard to the proportion of the whole
number of the dead who were Killed in Battle, Died of Wounds, or Died of Disease.
The latest report by the Adjutant General which makes any discrimination between
the several Causes of Death, is the report of February 27, 1869, to which allusion has
already been made. Of the 294,416 deaths included in the report, 55,297 are given as
dead of Unknown Causes. The rest are classified as Killed in Battle, Died of Wounds,
Died of Disease, and died of Other Known Causes.
This report gives the number of Killed in Battle as 44,238 distributed as follows :
Kegular Army, Officers and Men
White Volunteers, Officers and Men i ' r 11
Colored Volunteers, Enlisted Men
Total killed in battle
The alphabetical registers of the Surgeon General's Office contain, as already indicated,
a much smaller number of deaths of this class. They sum up 35,408, distributed as follows :
Regular Army, Officers and Men
White Volunteers, Officers and Men 33, 80
Colored Volunteers, Enlisted Men - - 772
Total killed in battle 35, 408
For the Killed in Battle, therefore, it is clear that the figures of the Adjutant General's
report must be preferred ; yet in view of the 55,297 men borne on the same report as
dead from Unknown Causes, it cannot be believed that even these figures represent the
whole number Killed in Battle. They are simply to be regarded as the least numbers
which can safely be employed to represent this category, and an additional estimated
number should be added, to be determined after a consideration of the numbers which will
be shown to have died from other causes.
Next, with regard to the number of those who Died of Wounds. The report of the
Adjutant General represents the total number of this class as 33,993, distributed as follows :
Regular Army, Officers and Men 850
White Volunteers, Officers and Men 32, 106
Colored Volunteers, Enlisted Men 1, 037
Total died of wounds 33, 90-3
The alphabetical registers of the Surgeon General's Office, however, permit us very
materially to increase these figures. The total number of deaths from wounds and injuries
recorded by name on them is 49,205, which are distributed as follows :
Regular Army, Officers and Men 1; 174
White Volunteers, Officers and Men 4fi; 271
Colored Volunteers, Enlisted Men 1; 700
Total deaths from wounds and injuries 49; 205
INTRODUCTION.
XXX VII
The same reasons which rendered it proper to regard the figures of the Adjutant
General's report as the least number which can be believed to represent the Killed in
Battle, compel the recognition of the above count from the Surgeon General's registers as
the least number that can be believed to have Died from Wounds and Injuries.
There are besides on the registers the names of 302 officers and men reported to
have committed Suicide, 103 Homicides, and 121 Executions, making a total of 526 deaths
from these causes, distributed as follows:
Regular Army 27
White Volunteers 440
Colored Volunteers 57
Total suicides, homicides and executions „ 526
TSext, with regard to the number who Died of Disease. The report of the Adjutant
General gives the number of this class as 149,043 distributed as follows:
Regular Army, Officers and Men •_>, 4-28
White Volunteers, Officers and Men 120, 404
Colored Volunteers, Enlisted Men. 26, 211
Total 149, 0-13
Here again the death registers of the Surgeon General's Office record a much larger
O O <.-' £j *
number of names. The total number of deaths of this class entered on the books being
186,210, distributed as follows:
Regular Army, Officers and Men 3. 009
White Volunteers, Officers and Men 15:5. 995
Colored Volunteers, Enlisted Men 29, 212
IfG, 21f>
Of course, in forming an estimate of the total number of Deaths from Disease, prefer
ence is to be given to these figures.
O O
Seeing then that the report of the Adjutant General affords the nearest approximation
to the Whole Number of Deaths, and to the number Killed in Battle, while the registers of
the Surgeon General's Office afford the nearest approximation to the number of deaths
from Wounds and from Disease, we will find that of the whole number of deaths the causes
of but 24,181 remain Unknown, and the following table presents a synoptical view of the
conclusions indicated in the course of the foregoing remarks:
Total.
Whit
Colored
i-> i \\ lute Colored ,,, , ,
Regulars. ,, , Tr , lotal.
\ O unteers. Volunteers, i
Killed in battle
Died of wounds and injuries
Suicide, homicide, and execution
Died of disease
Unknown causes. .
1,174
a. 01 19
159
41, 3(>9
46,271
442
153,995
23, 18S
1, 514
1,760
57
29, 21-2
637
41.2:),-!
49. 205
52(5
ISfi. 216
24, 184
304, 369
The total in this table foots up a few hundred deaths more than are reported by
the Adjutant General, and this on account of the mortality of the Regular Army being
XXXVIII INTRODUCTION.
estimated here as rather greater than is shown in his report. This greater estimate results
partly from accepting as the number of Killed in Battle among the Regular troops the
number of names so reported to the Adjutant General, partly from the fact that the Surgeon
General's Death Registers contain a larger number of names of regular soldiers dead of
Wounds and Disease, and partly from the circumstance that the count of the latter has
been made to go up to the close of the fiscal year terminating June 30; 1865, representing
thus the deaths of one month more than is embraced in the Adjutant General's reports.
By consolidating the deaths from violent causes in the foregoing table we obtain the
following general view :
Regulars.
White
Volunteers.
Colored
Volunteers.
Total.
2, 556
83, 082
3, 331
93, 969
3, (109
153, 995
29.212
186, 216
159
23, 188
837
24, 184
Total
i 5,724
205, 265
33, 330
304, 369
From this view it will be seen that of 280,185 deaths from known causes, the
proportion of violent deaths to the whole number was one out of every three deaths. A
very great difference, however, existed between the White and Colored troops in these
respects. In the case of the White troops, out of 247,642 deaths from known causes, the
proportion of violent deaths to the whole number of deaths was one out of every two and
seven-tenths. In the case of the Colored troops out of 32,543 deaths from known causes
the proportion of violent deaths to the whole number of deaths was one out of every nine
and eight-tenths. Some difference also appears to exist in this respect between the Regular
and Volunteer troops: the proportion of violent deaths to the whole number of deaths
from known causes being one to two and two-tenths for the first, and one to two and
seven-tenths for the second of these classes. It is true that these figures do not represent
the whole number of deaths, nevertheless the deaths from unknown causes bear so small
a proportion to the whole number, and the probability that these also are distributed in
nearly the same manner among the several causes is so great that it cannot be supposed
the general result would be materially modified had it been possible to ascertain the cause
of death in every case.
It is desirable next to endeavor to form an estimate of the ratio existing between the
number of deaths and the the number of troops engaged. This has already been done in
various quarters, on entirely dissimilar principles. In the first place, the number of deaths
has been compared with the total number of enlistments; but it will at once be seen that
on this plan we shall get no results which can be fairly compared with the death rates of
civil populations; for the term of service for which the troops were enlisted during the
war was shorter than the duration of the war itself; some were enlisted for three months,
some for one hundred days, some for one year, some for three years or more; and since
the same man, in vast numbers of cases, was re-enlisted, often several times during the
INTRODUCTION. XXXIX
war, the total number of enlistments does' not bear any such relationship to the men
ensased as would indicate their actual number.
O O
Another method employed has been to compare the number of deaths with the number
of enlistments reduced to terms of service of three years. This has been done by counting
three enlistments for one year, or twelve for three months, as one three year's enlistment.
The number of three year's enlistments thus obtained is stated in the report of the Adjutant
General of February, 18G9, as 2,073,112 white enlisted men. The total number of com
missions issued to white officers was 83,935, and the total number of colored enlistments
178,895. It is remarked in the report that the number of officers and colored enlistments
are "all considered three years; most were recruited for that period, and those for shorter
periods cannot be classed without a laborious examination of numerous muster rolls."
It is obvious, however, that these figures could not be used for our present purpose,
even were they all reduced to terms of service of three years, for immense numbers of men
enlisted or were commissioned more than once in three-year organizations, hence appearing
twice or oftencr in the above enumeration, and without such an investigation of the rolls
as is not at present practicable, it would not be possible to ascertain the number of such
cases. Moreover, there arc no means, short of following out the history of each man on
the rolls, of ascertaining the time which those who enlisted for three years actually served.
Besides those who died or were discharged for disability at various periods of their term of
e_> */ X
service, it is well known that the large local bounties induced many men to desert at an
early period, who speedily enlisted again in some other organization in order to secure a
double bounty ; in short, it would appear impossible, at the present time, to arrive at such
definite results with regard to this subject as would serve as a sound basis for the calcula
tion of instructive ratios.
Another plan remains which, though it cannot be hoped to be made perfectly accu
rate, would seem to offer the greatest probability of arriving at valuable results.
The actual strength of the army, as ascertained at certain dates during the progress
of the war, may be made use of to calculate the mean strength constantly in service, and
this result may be compared with the number of deaths known to have occurred during
the period represented.
In the case of the Colored troops, the Adjutant General has furnished to the Surgeon
General a complete statement showing separately the number of commissioned officers and
enlisted men of these organizations, present and absent, from September, 18G2, till Decem
ber, 1867, when the last colored regiment was mustered out of service, being a period of five
years and four months. From this statement the following average mean strength for the
period has been computed for enlisted men only. Average strength present, 35,640 ; absent,
G,699; aggregate, 42,339. The total number of deaths for the same period among the
colored enlisted men was 33,380, beino; at the rate of 6,259 deaths for each year, or an
o *
annual death-rale of 148 per 1000 of average aggregate mean strength. Subdividing
this death-rate, in_ accordance with the ratio of violent to other deaths already indicated
XL
INTRODUCTION
for this class, we shall have an annual ratio of 15 violent deaths and 133 deaths from
disease per 1,000 of strength.
In the case of the Regular Army, the Adjutant General has published reports of the
strength present and absent at various dates, from which those representing the strength
on the first of each year have been selected. The figures, as here presented, include
both officers and men.
Present.
i«
Absent.
Aggregate.
Jinnrv 1 1§61 14,663
1,704
2, 554
6, 294
7, 399
7, 358
10, 367
22, 425
25, 463
24, 636
22, 019
« 1 1862 : 19,871
a i 1863 : 19, 169
" l' 1864 17,237
" 1, 1885 ' 14,661
Avern°'e mean strength* ..-.-.. 17, 73o
5, 194 22, 929
The total number of deaths in the Regular Army being 5,724 between the 15th of
April, 1861, and 30th of June, 1865, a period of four years two months and a half, would
give an annual average of 1,360 deaths, or an annual death-rate of 59 per 1,000 of strength,
which, divided between violent deaths and those from disease, would give an annual ratio
of 27 violent deaths and 32 deaths from disease per 1,000 of strength.
The strength of the White Volunteers on certain dates mav be obtained by subtracting
o */ ** <— '
from statements made by the Adjutant General giving the strength of the total Volunteer
force at certain dates during the war, the known strength of the Colored enlisted men for
the same month, and using the resulting figures as data for computing the mean. The
following table, in which both officers and men are included, was obtained in this manner :
Present.
Absent.
Aggregate
July 1 1861
169,480
849
170, 329
January 1 1862
507, 333
46, 159
553, 492
" " 1,1863
676, 175
212,859
889, 034
" 1 1864
540, 643
237, 650
778, 293
" 1, 1865
523, 536
309, 395
832, 931
March 31, 1805
554, 720
294, 351
849, 071
Average mean strenstht .
544,704
198, 803
741,507
The total number of deaths of this class has been stated above at 265,265. Of this
number, however, the death registers of the Surgeon General's Office show that 4,553
died subsequently to June 30, 1865, which would leave a total of 260,712 deaths from
the outbreak of the War to that time, being at the rate of 65,178 deaths annually, or 88
* Calculated by the formula given in the "English Life Table." London, 1864. Page XV.
t Calculated by the formula just cited, •with the modifications required by the irregular dates of the enumerations at the
beginning and end of the series. The count of March 31, 1865, is assumed as the mean of the six months in the middle of
which it was made. The number in service increased up to May 1, 1865, (see the Report of the Secretary of War for the year
ending June 30, 1866, page 78,) and decreased rapidly during the two following months.
INTRODUCTION. • XI[
per 1,000 of average aggregate mean strength. Subdividing this ratio between violent
deaths and deaths from disease in accordance to the proportion of these classes already
indicated, we shall have an annual ratio of 33 violent deaths and 55 deaths from disease
per 1.000 of average ao-oreo-ate streno-th.
j. o co o o
Having thus, from independent sources, arrived at a general view of the total mortality
of our forces during the War, we are now prepared to make use of the conclusions thus
obtained as affording the means of forming a judgment with regard to the completeness of
the tables contained in this volume.
The total number of deaths embraced in the tables for White troops, which include
the officers as well as the men of both Regular and Volunteer organizations, is shown in
Table C, page 641, to be 166,623. The total number of deaths of Colored enlisted men
contained in the tables for Colored troops is shown in Table CXI, page 710, to be 29,00-1,
making an aggregate of 195,627 deaths. But, as has been fully explained already, these
tables do not include the Killed in Battle, those who died while Prisoners of War, or any of
those who died while absent from their commands, excepting only the deaths in hospital
Xow, of the whole number of 304,369 deaths known to have occurred during the
War, we have already seen that at least 44,238 were Killed in Battle. The report of the
Adjutant General of February, 1869, sets forth also 26,168 deaths, included in the whole
number as having occurred among those of our men who were prisoners in the hands of
the enemy. There are no means of ascertaining, with precision, the number of deaths amonu'
others absent from their commands; but if the two items just given, neither of which can
be regarded as representing all the deaths of the categories specified, be deducted from the
whole number, wTe shall have 233,963 deaths remaining, the greater portion of which oujrht
to appear upon the tables if those were absolutely complete. But the number the tables
actually contain is 195,627, or eighty-three hundredths of the whole number of deaths
which remain, after deducting the Killed in Battle and the deaths amono- Prisoners of War.
So that, in a general way, it may fairly be concluded that the tables cover about nine-
tenths of the class of facts they are intended to embrace. This proportion is certainly
large enough to give great weigh£ to their indications with regard to the comparative
frequency and mortality of different diseases, of the same disease at various times and in
different regions, and some other important questions with regard to the sickness, and
mortality of our armies during the War.
Besides the sickness and mortality tables this volume contains svnoptical tables
showing the causes of Discharge of enlisted men from the service on surgeon's certificate
of disability, for White and Colored troops separately. These tables were made up from
the lists of discharges accompanying reports of medical officers to the Surgeon General.
These lists specified the discharged soldiers by name, and were intended to set forth the
cause and date of discharge in each case. A count of the discharged soldiers thus reported
shows a total of 215,312 white and 8,223 colored troops, which are the numbers
represented in the tables.
0*
XLII INTRODUCTION.
The Adjutant General, in his letter to the Surgeon General of October 25, 1870, stales
the number borne on the rolls filed in his office as discharged for disability, as follows :
Enlisted Men of the Regular Army 0, 541
Enlisted Men of the Volunteer Army - - - 269, 197
Enlisted Men of Colored Troops. . . " '*> ^'~
Total.. --- 285,545
This number may safely be taken as a close approximation to the actual number of cases.
Unfortunately the reports made to the Surgeon General did not always specify dis
tinctly the cause of discharge, as was required by the regulations on the subject, and hence
it will be seen by an examination of Tables CI and OXII that of the whole number
reported there were 25,915 discharges of white and 1,226 of colored enlisted men, the
causes of which cannot be stated. There still remain, however, 189,397 discharges of
white, and 6,997 of colored soldiers, which are distributed among the several causes of
discharge, and this is a sufficiently large proportion to enable -valuable deductions to be
made from the facts presented.
In the preparation of Tables CI and CXII it was deemed advisable to depart somewhat
from the list of diseases used in the tabular form of sick report, which served for the con
struction of the tables of Sickness and Mortality, in order that the tables might correspond,
as closely as possible, with the reports made. Moreover, on account of the number of men
reported as discharged from service on account of Old Age, Deformities, and other conditions
belonging to Dr. Fan's class of Developmental Diseases, it was thought best to represent
this class also, on these two tables. Almost without exception, the causes of discharge
reported under this head existed prior to the enlistment of the soldier, and ought to have
prevented him from being received into the service.
With the foregoing considerations, the tables embraced in this volume are now sub
mitted to the consideration of medical statisticians, as the first installment of the Medical
History of the War. The writer regrets greatly the necessity of publishing first these
dry and severe details, in which it can hardly be expected the general medical reader will
be able to take much interest. This course wras rendered imperative, however, by the fact
that in the subsequent volumes it will frequently be necessary to refer to statistical
considerations, which could not be accurately done until the tabulations of the present
volume were complete; and the tabulations having been completed, it appeared a duty
to place them as soon as possible at the disposal of the other students of this subject,
throughout the world.
In the Second Volume of this work it is proposed to discuss in detail, the Diseases
which were the chief causes of the sickness, the mortality, and the discharges for disability
recorded in this. Histories of cases, accounts of pathological investigations, records of the
work done in the Army Medical Museum, and extracts from reports with regard to particular
diseases made from time to time to the Surgeon General, will be published, so far as seems
desirable to represent the more important facts in connection with these subjects ; and
INTRODUCTION. XLlll
an attempt will bo made to offer such commentaries on the evidence recorded as may seem
likely to facilitate the examination of the topics discussed, by those who are en^o-ed in
the study of the sickness and mortality of armies.
An examination of Tables G and CXI will show at a glance the subjects which must
necessarily receive chief attention.
Foremost will be Camp Diarrhoea, and Dysentery, and Camp Fevers. Table C exhibits
129,386 deaths from disease among White troops, distributed among their several causes.
Table CXI contains 27,499 deaths from disease among Colored troops, distributed in like
manner. It will be seen that of these numbers 37,794 deaths of white and 6,764 of Colored
troops were due to the several forms of Diarrhoea and Dysentery, which must, therefore,
be regarded as the most important causes of the mortality from disease in our armies.
Xext come the several forms of Camp Fever reported under such heads as Typhoid,
Typhus, Common Continued, Remittent, and Typho-Malarial Fevers. To these the tables
attribute 35,965 deaths of White, and 4,691 of Colored troops.
The next most important cause of death among the troops was Pneumonia, of which
14,738 deaths of White, and 5,233 of Colored troops are reported.
Among the other leading causes of mortality are Small Pox and Varioloid, Measles,
Consumption, and Intermittent Fevers.
In the matter of discharges for disability other affections assume prominence. Thus,
from Tables CI and CXII, it will be seen that the affections which caused the largest
number of discharges among White troops were: Consumption, 20,403; Diarrhoea and
Dysentery, 17,389; Debility, 14,500; Rheumatism, 11,779; Heart Diseases, 10,636.
Among the Colored troops the chief causes of discharge were: Rheumatism, 874; Con
sumption, 592; Debility, 540, and Diarrhoea and Dysentery, 359.
This brief enumeration, which can readily be extended by the reader on an exam
ination of the tables, will serve to indicate some of the more important subjects which
must receive consideration in the next volume, for the completion of which, however,
considerable labor will yet be required.
J. J. WOODWARD
I.- WHITE TROOPS.
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS.
The reports received, chiefly from the three months' volunteers, prior to July 1, 1861,
or the commencement of the first fiscal year of the war, have been consolidated into
three tables.
1. Atlantic Region, Table I.
2. Central Region, Table II.
3. Consolidated table including both regions, Table HI.
1. Atlantic, Region — Table I.
The reports embraced in this table were received from regiments of the column
under General Robert Patterson for May and June, 1861, from regiments in and around
Washington, D. C., under General I. McDowell and Colonel J. K. F. Mansfield, for the
same months, and from regiments in the vicinity of Fortress Monroe, under General B. F.
Butler, for the month of June only.
2. Central Region — Table II.
This table is made up from reports received from the Department of the Ohio,
commanded by General George B. McClellan, for the month of June, 1861 and chiefly
from regiments in Western Virginia, or the adjoining portion of Ohio.
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE I.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality of Troops in the Atlantic Region prior to
July 1, 1861.
YE \B
1861.
MONTH
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAt.
16, 161.
48,360.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
7
17
25
38
51
19
22
2
1 217
1
4
8
45
93
155
206
226
11
22
6,601
101
715
29
40
38
356
15
62
118
193
257
245
33
24
7,818
162
819
31
55
46
359
1
17
13
' T,0111^011 p
T ' T F
' Cr a '
. Quartan « ' *
1
1
°n°eS ?6
. D; ,
61
104
2
15
8
3
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
3
1
2
15
16
29
83
90
266
21
o
63
49
302
158
265
431
52
14
3
78
65
331
241
355
697
73
16
3
19. Debility
ORDEU II. — Enthctic Diseases.
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
27 Scurvy
7
18
20
6
9
26
7
467
199
6
3
5
7
42
65
7
15
13
27
46
7
,587
2
2
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDEU I; — Diathetic Diseases.
30 Gout .
120
104
6
1
303
12
4
5
7
64
81
10
18
36 Tumors
22
36
3
3
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
2
2
39 Scrofula
CLASS Hi. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
2,433
6
10, 847
25
13, 280
31
PRIOR TO JULY 1, 1861.
TABLE I.— ATLANTIC REGION— Continued
YEAR
1861.
MONTH
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
MEAN STRENGTH
16, 161.
48, 3GO.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Brought forward
2,433
2
83
5
15
16
6
1
10, 847
3
176
42
20
49
15
4
7
114
155
5
34
1
25
13, 280
5
259
47
35
65
15
7
8
185
211
5
49
2
1
5
31
1
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
41. Apoplexy
42. Headache
43. Inflammation of Brain
1
9
10
44. Epilepsy
45. Sun-stroke
1
1
46. Insanity
47. Inflammation of Membranes of Brain
3
1
71
5(5
48. Nostalgia
49. Neuralgia
50. Toothache
51. Paralysis
52. Other Diseases of this Order
15
1
1
1
1
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
53. Amaurosis
54. Cataract
55. Inflammation of Iris
4
56. Night Blindness
57. Ophthalmia
55
11
13
4
6
1
1
117
42
20
11
34
5
11
172
53
33
15
40
6
12
58. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
CO. Inflammation of Internal Ear
02. Deafness
G3. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
64. Aneurism
65. Inflammation of Heart
1
3
4
4
2
5
7
o
3
7
11
9
138
13
812
2
8
29
11
10
19
484
19
762
15
37
1
50
94
122
85
32
18
21
28
622
1,574
17
45
1
82
133
201
125
1
1
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
1
1
1
1
32
39
79
40
2
2
4
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
11
72
253
87
184
364
813
154
195
436
1,066
241
-P '
4,414
»
14, 979
39
19, 393
51
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE I.— ATLANTIC REGION— Concluded.
1861.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
16, 161.
48, 360.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
4,414
7
12
1
2
41
4
7
25
12
14, 979
21
38
5
18
125
44
(i
52
1
4
32
39
19, 393
28
50
6
20
166
48
13
77
1
5
38
1
337
129
1
3
1
I
10
21
3
12
26
23
4
51
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
1
6
1
78
53
259
76
1
3
1
1
10
15
3
11
13
15
4
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
6
1
13
8
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Sows and Joints.
114 White Swelling
2
7
38
16
14
31
39
25
6
3
1
1
108
38
45
62
101
73
16
23
4
3
8
146
54
59
93
140
98
26
4
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
119 Boil
120 Skin Diseases
121 Ulcers
122 Other Diseases of this Order .
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
123. Burns
124. Concussion of Brain
125. Compression of Brain
126. Contusion
50
11
109
16
15
29
103
102
36
96
22
159
27
15
45
140
127
79
127. Fracture
1 28. Dislocation
129. Sprain
16
37
25
43
26
130. Incised Wounds
•
131, Contused and Lacerated Wounds
132. Punctured Wounds
133. Gunshot Wounds
1
33
34
134. Poisoning
135. Suicide
130. Others of this Class
35
26
207
110
1
4
242
136
1
10
137. UNCLASSIFIED DISEASES
G
Total
5, 130
19
17, 054
77
22, 184
96
PRIOR TO JULY 1, 1801.
TABLE II.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality of Troops in the Central Region prior to
July 1, 1861.
YEAR .
MONTH.
MEAN STRENGTH.
1801.
JUNE.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases. Deaths.
CLASS I.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OKDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
1. Typhus Fever 5
2. T yphoid Fever 35
3. Common Continued Fever 11
4. Remittent Fever 109
5. Quotidian Intermittent Fever — 132
6. Tertian Intermittent Fever 168
7. Quartan Intermittent Fever 38
8. Congestive Intermittent Fever 12
9. Acute Diarrhoea 644
10. Chronic Diarrhoea 102
11. Acute Dysentery 175
12. Chronic Dysentery 21
13. Erysipelas 10
14. Small-pox and Varioloid
15. Measles 782
1C. Scarlet Fever
17. Mumps 118
18. Epidemic Catarrh
19. Debility 128
20. Other Diseases of this Order 27
ORDER II. — Enthctic Diseases.
21. Syphilis 61
22. Gonorrhoea 225
23. Orchitis 38
24. Stricture of the Urethra 1
25. Serpent Bite 5
26. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER III. — Dittic Diseases.
27. Scurvy 5
28. Delirium Tremens 6
29. Inebriation 11
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
30. Gout 4
31. Acute Rheumatism 44
32. Chronic Rheumatism 84
33. Anaemia
34. General Dropsy
35. Cancer 20
36. Tumors 2
37. Other Diseases of this Order 14
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
38. Consumption
39. Scrofula
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
40. Worms G
Carried forward 3, 056
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE II.— CENTRAL REGION— Continued.
YEAR...
MONTH .
MEAN STRENGTH.
LIST OF DISEASES.
1801.
JUNE.
18, 590.
Cases.
Brought forward
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of the Nervous System.
3,056
41. Apoplexy 1
42. Headache 21
43. Inflammation of Brain 3
44. Epilepsy 7
45. Sun-stroke 9
46. Insanity 5
47. Inflammation of Membranes of Brain.
48. Nostalgia 57
49. Neuralgia 63
50. Toothache 116
51. Paralysis 1
52. Other Diseases of this Order 10
ORDER II. — Diseases of the Eye.
53. Amaurosis 1
54. Cataract
55. Inflammation of Iris.
56. Night Blindness 2
57. Ophthalmia 179
58. Other Diseases of this Order 2
ORDER m. — Diseases of the Ear.
59. Earache 31
60. Inflammation of Internal Ear 36
61. Otorrhoaa 9
62. Deafness
63. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
64. Aneurism 2
65. Inflammation of Heart
66. Inflammation of Endocardium.
67. Inflammation of Pericardium 1 1
68. Inflammation of Veins.
69. Varicocele 1
70. Varicose Ve'ns 1
71. Other Diseases of this Order 2
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
72. Asthma
73. Acute Bronchitis • 08
74. Chronic Bronchitis 1
75. Catarrh 438
76. Hemorrhage from Nose 32
77. Haemorrhage from Lungs 6
78. Dropsy of Chest
79. Inflammation of Larynx 1
80. Inflammation of Pleura 36
81. Inflammation of Lungs 217
82. Other Diseases of this Order 15
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organ
83. Abdominal Dropsy
84. Cholera Morbus 47
85. Colic
86. Constipation 196
87. Dyspepsia 6
Carried forward 4,764 11
PRIOR TO JULY 1, 1861.
TABLE II.— CENTRAL REGION— Concluded.
YEAH
MONTH
MEAN STRENGTH.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Brought forward
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
88. Inflammation of Bowels r 1
89. Inflammation of Stomach 4
90. Fistula 10
91. Haemorrhage from Stomach
92. Piles 26
93. Acute Inflammation of Liver 20
94. Chronic Inflammation of Liver 11
95. Hernia 15
96. Jaundice
97. Prolapsus Ani , 17
98. Inflammation of Peritonaeum 4
99. Inflammation of Spleen 1
100. Inflammation of Tonsils 93
101. Other Diseases of this Order 58
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
102. Stone and Gravel.
103. Inflammation of Bladder
104. Diabetes
105. Incontinence of Urine
IOC. Difficulty of Urination 9
107. Inflammation of Kidneys
108. Hydrocele and Hacmatoccle
109. Sarcocele
110. Non-Syphilitic Ulcer of Penis 2
111. Other Diseases of this Order 3
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
112. Anchylosis
113. Exostosis
114. White Swelling
115. Necrosis 14
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
116. Abscess 32
117. Carbuncle 24
118. Whitlow 3
119. Boil 23
120. Skin Diseases 158
121. Ulcers 20
122. Other Diseases of this Order 5
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES.
123. Burns 8
124. Concussion of Brain 3
125. Compression of Brain 1
126. Contusion
127. Fracture 14
128. Dislocation 9
129. Sprain 46
130. Incised Wounds 24
131. Contused and Lacerated Wounds
132. Punctured Wounds 12
133. Gunshot Wounds
134. Poisoning
135. Suicide
136. Others of this Class
137. UNCLASSIFIED DISEASES
Total ... 5, 533
18G1.
JUNE.
18, 590.
Cases.
4,764
10
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE III.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality of the Troops in the Atlantic and Central Regions
prior to July 1, 1861.
YE \R
1861.
MONTH
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
MEA\ STRENGTH
16,161.
66, 950.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Miasmatic Diseases.
7
17
25
38
51
19
22
1,217
61
104
15
8
3
1
4
13
80
104
264
2
13
20
97
129
302
389
413
71
36
8,462
264
894
52
C5
46
1,141
3
17
2. Tvphoul Fever
338
394
49
34
7,245
203
890
50
50
38
1, 138
1
1
3
1
3
1
3
3
1
3
1
3
15
16
29
83
90
266
21
2
181
430
185
326
656
90
15
8
196
68
459
268
416
922
111
17
8
P .
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
23 Orchitis
26 Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
27 Scurvy
7
18
20
11
15
37
11
511
°63
18
33
'Jl
11
631
387
14
4
9
78
89
10
24
2
2
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
30 Gout .
120
104
6
1
8
3
25
9
56
73
7
21
1
36. Tumors '
22
16
3
3
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
2
o
39 Scrofula
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
2,433
6
13, 903
30
16, 336
36
PRIOR TO JULY 1, 1861.
11
TABLE III.— ATLANTIC AND CENTRAL REGIONS— Continued.
YEAU
1861.
MONTH
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
MEAN STRENGTH
16, 161.
66, 950.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Brought forward
2,433
0
83
5
15
16
C
1
13, 903
4
197
45
27
58
20
4
64
177
271
6
44
0
30
16,336
6
260
50
42
74
20
7
65
248
327
6
59
3
1
5
351
55
64
51
49
8
12
2
5
7
3
36
1
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
41. Apoplexy
42. Headache
43. Inflammation of Brain
1
9
10
44. Epilepsy
45. Sun-stroke
1
1
40. Insanity
47. Inflammation of Membranes of Brain
3
1
71
56
48. Nostalgia
49. Neuralgia
50. Toothache
51. Paralysis
15
1
1
1
1
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
4
o
296
44
51
47
43
7
11
4
4
3
56. Night Blindness
57. Ophthalmia
55
11
13
4
6
1
1
ORDER III.— Diseases of Ear.
59. Earache
60. Inflammation of Internal Ear
63. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
64. Aneurism
1
3
67. Inflammation of Pericardium
1
1
68. Inflammation of Veins
3
7
11
9
138
13
812
8
30
12
24
562
20
1,200
47
43
1
51
130
339
ICO
33
19
23
33
720
33
2,012
49
51
1
83
Ifi9
418
140
1
1
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
72. Asthma
73. Acute Bronchitis ...
1
1
1
1
75. Catarrh
76. Haemorrhage from Nose
77. Haemorrhage from Lungs
78. Dropsy of Chest
32
39
79
40
2
7
D
82 Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
11
253
°31
484
1,262
247
85 Colic
412
1,009
160
67
4,414
12
19, 743
50
24, 157
62
12
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE III.— ATLANTIC AND CENTRAL REGIONS— Concluded.
1861.
MONTH
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
MEAN STRENGTH
16,161.
66, 950.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
4,414
7
12
1
41
4
7
25
12
19, 743
22
42
15
18
151
04
17
67
3
21
36
1
352
134
. 1
3
1
1
19
17
3
11
15
18
4
50
24, 157
29
54
16
20
192
68
24
92
3
42
2
430
187
1
3
1
1
19
23
3
12
^O
20
4
62
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
1
6
1
78
53
a ' * • T> •+
f TP .,
10l' a IT f th' O d
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
C
1
13
8
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
o
7
38
10
14
31
39
rffu
.6
3
1
15
140
48
85
259
93
21
31
7
1
134
30
24
75
127
132
48
108
23
3
178
78
62
110
298
118
27
34
7
1
184
41
24
91
164
157
9i
134
23
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
118 Whitlow
119 Boil
121 Ulcers
122. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
123 Burns
124. Concussion of Brain
125. Compression of Brain
120. Contusion
50
11
127 Fracture
2
0
128 Dislocation
129 Sprain
1C
37
25
43
20
130 Incised Wounds
1
1
1 32 Punctured Wounds
1
39
40
134 Poisoning
135 Suicide
1
1
5
1
1
11
130 Others of this Class -
35
20
232
112
2(57
138
137 UNCLASSIFIED DISE A.SES
G
Total
5,130
19
22, 587
99
27, 717
118
FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1802. 13
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS DURING THE FIRST
FISCAL YEAR OF THE WAR,
(FROM JULY 1, 1861, TO JUNE 30, 1862.)
ATLANTIC REGION.
The reports of sick and wounded from this region are here presented consolidated into
statistical tables for seven armies or departments, as follows:
1. The Middle Department Table IV.
2. The Department of the Shenandoah Table V.
3. The Army of the Potomac • Table VI.
4. The Department of the Kappahannock - Table VII.
5. The Department of Virginia • Table VIII.
6. The Department of North Carolina Table IX.
7. The Department of the South • Table X.
To these tables are added—
8. A table showing the mortality in the general hospitals of the
Atlantic Region Table XI.
9. A consolidated table for the Atlantic Region - Table XII.
The reports from stations in the New England and Middle States are too incomplete
to render it advisable to undertake the construction of a statistical table for that region.
The following remarks will indicate what portions of the troops operating in the
Atlantic Region arc embraced in each of the above divisions.
1. THE MIDDLE DEPARTMENT — TABLE IV.
The Middle Department was created March 22, 1862, by General Orders, No. 28,
but for convenience the name is here applied for the whole year to the region including
Baltimore and the portions of Maryland indicated in the following paragraph.
It embraces for July the Department of Annapolis, which was created by General
Orders, No. 12, April 27, 1861, to include the country for twenty miles on each side of
14 SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
the railroad from Annapolis to the city of Washington, as far as Bladensburg, Maryland,
General B. F. Butler to command; headquarters after the middle of May being fixed in
Baltimore. July 25th the Department of Annapolis was merged into the Department
of Pennsylvania, which was to consist of the States of Pennsylvania and Delaware and
the State of Maryland, with the exception of the counties of Washington, Alleghany,
Prince George, Montgomery, and Frederick. Only the troops in the part of Maryland
thus defined are here included: General J. A. Dix was in command. August 17,1861,
this portion of Maryland was added to the Department of the Potomac, a part of which
it continued to be, though still under the immediate command of General Dix, until
March 22, 1862, when the Middle Department was created, to consist of the States of
New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, the Eastern Shore of Maryland and Virginia,
and the counties of Cecil, Hartford, Baltimore, and Anne Arundel, in Maryland. General
John A. Dix in command until June 1, 1862, when General John E. Wool was assigned.
All of the Middle Department thus defined is included in the table except the States
of Pennsylvania and New Jersey.
The statistics include the troops employed in General Lock-wood's expedition into the
Eastern Shore of Maryland and Virginia which set out in November, 1861, but do not
include the regiments of the South Carolina expedition under General Sherman, or of the
North Carolina expedition under General Burnside during the period of their organization
at Annapolis.
2. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE SHENANDOAH — TABLE V.
This table embraces the reports from the troops under General Patterson, and
subsequently under General Banks on the Upper Potomac and in the Shenandoah Valley.
General Shields' Division is included for March and April, 1862; for May and June it is
embraced in the Department of the Rappahannock.
The Department of the Shenandoah was created July 19, 1861, by General Orders,
No. 46, to consist of the Army under General Robert Patterson in the Valley of Virginia,
General N. P. Banks assigned to commancl. July 25, 1861, the counties of Washington
and Alleghany, in Maryland, and such other parts of Virginia as may be covered by
the Army in its operations, were added. August 17, 1861, it was merged into the
Department of the Potomac, remaining, however, as a separate division still under the
command of General Banks. This division ia here included. April 4, 1862, the command
of General Banks was again designated as the Department of the Shenandoah, which was
to consist of that portion of Virginia and Maryland lying between the Mountain Depart
ment and the Blue Ridge. June 8, 1862, the Department was extended eastward to
include the Piedmont District and the Bull Mountain range.
The Army under General Patterson crossed the Potomac early in July, 1861, and moved
through Martinsburg, returning after a short time to Harper's Ferry, where General Banks
FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862. 15
took command. General Banks withdrew the Army to Sandy Hook, on the north side of
the Potomac, and ultimately to Darnestown, Maryland, in the vicinity of which he
remained till the latter part of November, when he marched northward and wintered with
the larger part of his command in the neighborhood of Frederick, Maryland.
Towards the end of February, 1862, he crossed the Potomac into the Shenandoah
Valley, where he operated till the close of the fiscal year. The most important conflict
during the year was that at Winchester, March 23, 1862.
3. THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC — TABLE VI.
This table includes the Army in and around Washington up to the latter part of
March, 1862, and, subsequently, that portion of it which operated on the Peninsula
between the James and York rivers against Richmond.
At the beginning of the fiscal year most of this Army was in Virginia before
O O »/ u O
Washington arid was included in the Department of Northeastern Virginia, under the
command of General I. McDowell. The District of Columbia, Fort Washington, and
Maryland as far as Bladensburg, constituted the Department of Washington, Colonel J.
K. F. Mansfield in command. The reports received from both these departments are
here included.
August 1.7, 1861, the Department of the Potomac was created by General Orders,
No. 15, Headquarters of the Army, to consist of the Departments of Washington and
Northeastern Virginia, the Valley of the Shenandoah, and the States of Maryland and
Delaware, General G. B. McClellan in command. Table VI includes all the reports
from this Department, with the exception of those embraced, as already explained, in
Tables IV and V, under the designations Middle Department and Department of the
Shenandoah, which are presented separately, although they were officially united to the
Department of the Potomac, the first until March 22, and the second until April 4, 1862.
From the first of April, 1862, to the close of the fiscal year, the table embraces only the
reports from troops actually upon the Peninsula.
The force here included lay in and around Washington until July 16, 1861, when
the advance to Centreville was made which led to the battle of Bull Run, July 21st.
Subsequently the Army occupied the vicinity of Washington until the latter part of
March, 1862, when that portion which is embraced in the table descended the Potomac
on transports and, landing at Fortress Monroe, advanced up the Peninsula, besieging
Yorktown from the 5th of April to the 4th of May, and lying along the Chickahoininy,
which was reached by the advance May 20th, until June 28th, when the movement to
Harrison's Landing was commenced.
The chief engagements during the year, besides the battle of Bull Run and the siege
of Yorktown, were the battle of Williamsburg, May 5, 1862, the battles of Fair Oaks and
16' SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
Seven Pines, May 31st, and the series of battles usually known as the "Seven-days,"
beginning June 25th and terminating with the battle of Malvern Hill, July 1st.
4. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE KAPPAHANNOCK — TABLE VII.
This Department was created by General Orders, No. 34, April 4, 1862, to consist of
that portion of Virginia east of the Blue Ridge and west of the Potomac, and the Fred-
ericksburg and Richmond Railroad, including the District of Columbia and the country
between the Potomac and Patuxent rivers, General I. McDowell to command.
The table represents the reports received for April, May, and June, 1862, from the
troops within the above limits. Fredericksburg was occupied May 4th by a portion of the
command, and May 24th a force was sent from that place to act against General Jackson
in the Valley of the Shenandoah. This force had an engagement at Port Republic, June
8th and 9th.
5. THE DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA — TABLE VIII.
Under this head are consolidated all reports received from the Division in the vicinity
of Fortress Monroe, Virginia, under General B. F. Butler, until August 17, 1861, and,
subsequently, under General J. E. Wool. June 1, 1862, this Division was placed under
the command of General McOlellan, the Department of Virginia being extended to
include that part of Virginia south of the Rappahannock and east of the railroad from
Fredericksburg to Richmond, Petersburg and Weldon. In compiling the table, however,
for the month of June, only the reports from troops at Fortress Monroe and vicinity are
included, the Army of the Potomac being kept separate.
With this Department are consolidated the reports received during 1861 from the
expedition to Hatteras Inlet ; subsequently they are embraced in the Department of North
Carolina.
6. THE DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA — TABLE IX.
The Department of North Carolina was created by General Orders, No. 2, January 7,
1862, to consist of the State of North Carolina; General A. E. Burnside to command.
The troops for the North Carolina expedition were assembled at Annapolis, Maryland,
during the latter part of 1861. In January, 1862, the expedition proceeded on trans
ports to Roanoke Island, which was occupied after the engagement of February 7th.
March 13th the greater part of the expeditionary force landed near Newborn, in the
neighborhood of which it remained until the close of the fiscal year, though several other
points were occupied by detachments.
The chief engagements, besides that on Roanoke Island, were the battle of Newbern,
March 14th, and the siege of Fort Macon, which surrendered April 25th.
FOR THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18C2. 17
7. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH — TABLE X.
Under this head are included the garrisons at Tortugas and Key West for the whole
year, and after the first of October, 1861, the expeditionary force under General T. W.
Sherman, which sailed from Fortress Monroe towards the close of October and landed at
Hilton Head after the surrender of Forts Beauregard and Walker, November 7th. Several
of the neighboring islands and various points on the east coast of Florida were subsequently
occupied.
The Department of the South was created by General Orders, No. 26, March 15,
1862, to consist of the States of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, General D. Hunter
to command. West Florida, however, has been throughout consolidated with the Depart
ment of the Gulf, although it was not officially connected with it until a later period.
18
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE IV.
Abstract of the /Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1861.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MFA\ STRENGTH
1, 753.
5, 629.
6, 500.
11, 351.
13, 643.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
1
15
0
1
90
17
234
1
11
9
58
30
109
223
64
3
10
12
2
38
3
67
193
37
8
.
0
18
104
26
2
5 Quotidian Intermittent Fever
2
230
97
1
It 'tt t F
T r
40
3
731
. QuarU n " . '. 1
1
4
6G8
49
104
3
A t>r
146
1
1
527
234
• TV
3
55
31
19
1
5
1
187
. ^ y
. ^ ^
6
10
170
14 S ^ 11 d V ' 1 id
r
172
111
1
1
11
o
7
17
161
98
152
22
194
18
28
58
5
126
5
14
15
1
38
63
53
6
1
28
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
21 Syphilis
141
126
105
171
14
23 Orchitis
14
24. Stricture of the Urethra
25. Serpent Bite
26. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDEK III. — Dittic Diseases.
1
5
28. Delirium Tremens
o
0
3
16
7
6
8
9
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
30. G out
31. Acute Rheumatism
17
24
33
33
17
1
35
63
82
145
32. Chronic Rheumatism
82
76
33. Ansomia
6
1
34. General Dropsy
1
o
"
35. Cancer
36. Tumors
2
5
6
3
2
1
15
14
1
1
37. Other Diseases of this Order
1
9
1°
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
17
3
1
1
39. Scrofula
1
1
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
1
307
1,549
3
1,508
8
2,393
13
1,737
17
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18C2.
10
TABLE IV.
of the Troops in the Middle Department.
1801.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
Al'RIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
14, 403.
14,751.
11, 460.
12, 404.
11, 560.
4, 679.
5, 370.
9, 480.
Cases. Deaths. / Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
1
16
59
37
47
10
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
3
4
5
C
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
23
24
fJt
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
3!>
40
0
61
17
39
84
45
1
11
5
22
0
1
3
1
1
17
13
75
67
8
1
4
17
13
1
39
376
191
705
1,164
450
59
36
3,610
145
9
54
5
8
o
39
74
34
19
4
147
14
12
0
45
69
46
18
45
oo
4
1
26
61
186
6
64
4
17
101
syy
1
290
1
241
23
19
1
6
1
163
1
59
1
1
260
1
14
18
8
06
g
6
1
10
24
44G
9
74
00
4
0
314
11
2
5
4
1
7
1
5
7
83
70
1
35
1
26
3
63
30
50
31
69
79
3
8
1,336
4
468
175
663
215
12
13
213
112
jj
19
1
0
°9
45
5
126
151
15
1
34
10
107
143
10
1
43
30
71
116
10
1
°5
9
3
40
33
9
26
°1
95
106
18
54
107
4
o
913
1,158
129
1
9
1
14
10
1
12
o
3
7
31
8
77
165
4
25
11
24
5
7
5
1
1
1
1
*.8
1
29
44
1
152
30
3
137
51
134
171
49
1
o
32
992
575
30
13
1
18
59
117
14
11
1
88
12
1
3
1
1
4
1
7
;;;; i
1
16
1
1
3
3
1
4
3
0
10
n
1
10
1
0
3
5
3
1
0
8
2
1,327
20
I1'225
10
944
5
1,179
5
1,374
12
393
5
760
3
14, 696
101
20
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE IV.— MIDDLE DEPARTMENT— Continued
1801.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
KOVEMBER.
. 1, 753.
5, 629.
6, 560.
11,351.
13, 643.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
307
1, 549
3
1, 508
8
2,393
1
34
13
1,737
1
23
17
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
3
1
2
8
54
1
1
5
5
3
7
4
1
2
1
1
1
42
1
7°
04
4
25
25
41
03
30
3
15
19
1
7
1
3
00
ORDER II.— Diseases of Eye.
1
2
1
18
24
35
21
6
1
4
12
6
8
7
13
11
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
5
8
15
1
13
1
6
ORDER IV.— Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
. TT
1
1
1
3
68. n amm
4
1
' ,ar. -,- •
2
1
4
4
252
8
7
218
3
411
1
7
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
1
4
3
60
o
1
' r°ute. B
3
370
21
95
132
"7C { N
. .cmorr aB , ^ ^ ^
1
1
1
1
0
9
13
32
6
O"7
9
14
pn' •/'« "a t'°" °f noun
1
3
7
114
6
4
139
1
5
. n amma 10
1
ORDEH VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
18
10
18
19
155
5
°7
36
61
194
8
45
144
13
85 Colic
24
147
l(i
' D°. S cP)sia
13
10
14
413
o Qqo
5
2,281
8
3,631
2,820
25
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 186-2.
TABLE IV.— MIDDLE DEPARTMENT— Continued.
1861.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JAXUABY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
14, 403.
14, 751.
11,400.
12, 404.
11, 500.
4, 879.
5, 370.
9, 480.
Crises.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
41
42
43
44
45
40
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
GO
61
02
63
04
65
66
67
08
69
70
71
73
74
75
70
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
80
87
1,327
20
1,225
10
911
4
33
5
1, 179
5
1,371
12
393
5
700
1
16
3
; 14, 696
7
376
7
53
19
24
101
57
34
o
4
07
1
40
9
1
1
1
2
5
5
4
8
1
1
1
3
1
g
5
7
1
o
°7
2
1
17
19
8
19
31
0
3
22
11
10
12
20
11
10
286
-14
5
1
3
8
10
77
1
4
3
5
4
1
o
1
1
3
13
4
2
1
45
o
3
3
6
1
33
42
58
7
6
36
7
r
15
19
5
340
49
32
00
88
4
1C)
1
o
4
6
11
1
0
7
C
8
3
0
1
1
1
5
1
10
3
1
3
1
5
3
1
1
5
4
o
1
4
4
1
48
17
573
19
9
32
30
o
4
6
132
3
1
80
6
1
1
2
320
0
593
8
o
140
39
1
0.)
18
. i
1,308
287
4,994
1
1
207
871
0
90
1
7
950
834
4
5
54
1
3
17
36
1
129
„
0
3
17
33
11
40
47
4
48
°0
30
38
73
14
• 44
64
26
3
9
6
4
3
4
7
13
7
234
321
354
J48
299
4
23
7
0
33
19
1
1
1
3
1
9
7!)
11
1
3
°1
10
14
94
14
"7T"
13
1
1"
18
106
n
40
119
10")
o-
1,244
17
14
29
8
16
1C6
,,:-,.
29
2,855
15
2, 488
9 | 2,000
11
2, 498
21
643
*
1,109
4
2i;,o;><; MO
22
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE IV.— MIDDLE DEPARTMENT— Concluded.
YEAR
1861.
MONTH »
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
1,753.
5,629.
6,560.
11,351.
13,643.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. \ Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
413
2,092
1
5
5
1
2,281
0
G
8
3,631
3
3
1
14
2,820
7
1
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
4
1
12
0
1
19
yo Piles
3
1
14
1
12
1
o
o
' ° . fl . . j.
" '
3
10
9
7
11
0
23
20
i
£7
3
"".
1
1
o
2
3
°4
9
16
32
38
3
137
1G
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
103 Inflammation of Bladder
.1
1
1
3
o
IOC Difficulty of Urination
1
4
1
1
3
4
8
1
1
4
1
1
1
5
o
2
10
1
11
4
OliDEK VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
1
114 White Swelling
1
1
18
15
1
4
4
3
13
10
4
33
4
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
7
17
1
3
8
22
23
16
o
118 Whitlow
4
2
18
26
119 Boil
1°
120 Skin Diseases
5
2')
121 Ulcers .--
6
2
3G
15
20
122 Other Diseases of this Order
15
7
4
0
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
123 Burns •
124. Concussion of Brain
1
35
12G. Contusion
2°
19
40
37
4
127 Fracture
2
o
128. Dislocation
129 Sprain
8
7
1
22
43
17
24
57
G
7
9
28
21
131. Contused and Lacerated Wounds
30
„
11
1
]
133 Gunshot Wounds.
1
3
5
1
8
13
1
1
13G. Others of this Class
5
1G
2
12
44
18
19
53
137 UNCLASSIFIED DISEASES
o
76
0
Total
510
2 29G
9
2,770
8
4,060
16
3,353
30
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1802.
'23
TABLE IV.— MIDDLE DEPARTMENT— Concluded.
1861.
1869.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
14,403.
1-1,751.
11,460.
12,404.
11,560.
4,879.
5,370.
9,480.
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
90
97
98
<W
1
Cases. Deaths. ' Cases. Deaths.
1
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
2,620
1
11
3
29
2,855
15
2.4S8
9
2,606
11
2,498
3
14
1
21
643
5
1,109
3
o
4
26,056
15
es
8
7
146
11
1
1
oo
6
14
1
1
27
3
1
28
1
1
3
1
6
3
4
17
2
1
19
6
2
i:i
19
6
7
17
4
1
3
12
1
5
2
4
o
1
1
6
8
A.3
145
81
8
11
1
1
1
1
1
o
4
1
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
23
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
82
10
115
46
111
59
168
32
105
29
o
'11
o
26
C86
406
3
16
1
6
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
3
17
°4
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
7
0
0
1
9
4
23
64
4
4
2
13
175
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
14
1
9
1
o
4
1
3
3
1
4
14
2
8
12
30
3
5
1
17
3
7
J3
62
41
9
0
3
1°
3
7
o
40
11
2
24
40
3
3
6
4
10
3
4
6
18
43
32
3
5
65
46
141
318
255
83
41
6
2
345
34
°8
4
1
15
9
20
30
o
14
15
6
4
0
1
1
24
2
1
1
1
1
1
51
5
14
45
17
45
11
10
45
21
28
7
1
16
3
6
1
44
12
o
4
7
oo
8
15
6
14
o
12
10
5
I
6
1
7
O
278
141
25°
13
34
4
0
1
15
30
1
32
10
4
8
6
54
72
12
1
8
o
1
6
4
o
1
4
o
10
24
11
6
15
21
1
10
1 ">
1G9
382
3
51
61
16
57
1
3,158
37
3,356 18
3,022
10
3,182
13
2,965
-.1
776
6
1,365 5
30,813
J73
24
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TKOOP£
TABLE Y.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality of the
1861.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
7, 337.
14, 729.
15, 922.
15, 726.
16, 743.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
8
146
34
152
493
186
1
5
558
7
9
20
34
16
128
187
Cl
1
4
66
36
238
534
08
5
9
95
55
154
165
15
' ~0m™°n °
2
1
1
- * V
9
44
238
1
1 123
1
3
1
G40
1
144
o
7
1
705
43
71
10
6
1
24
1 573
10 ChUt°' D'-
3
160
18
128
10
120
A
1
3
* . * ^
1
" *r°. ^ ^
13
0
1
3
1
42
3
4
94
' 3 P . .,
" ' ™a P°Xan
59
1
4
1
84
66
36
89
7
4
176
5
11
12
6
19
15
4
19
23
1
76
53
50
66
13
°9
34
17
49
1
38
27
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
44
8
48
14
o
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
I
1
4
o
0
1
1
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
OKDEU I. — Diathetic Diseases.
21
31
155
114
116
114
48
87
79
70
5
3
1
1
3
1
6
16
3
1
1
5
0
6
15
4
9
13
1
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
15
11
2
1
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
7
1,084
1
2,800
7
2,793
8
2.161
17
2,052
24
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18C2.
25
TABLE V.
Troops in the Department of the Shenandoah.
1861.
1862.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MAHCII.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
18, 007.
17, 143.
21, 498.
27, 437.
14,072.
9, 5C8.
14, 391.
lu, 043.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
0
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
1-
19
£0
22
*~>)
24
23
20
0*7
28
29
30
31
33
34
35
36
37
39
40
3
45
45
127
5
40
18
92
117
45
4
9
o
18
735
361
1,371
2 05°
4
84
4
4
153
153
67
148
8
39
16
52
39
96
88
55
10
1
5
27
1
50
1
31
54
76
100
71
6
0
1
85
80
40
3
147
103
8
3
662
65
15
1,074
44
19
7,660
205
1,171
88
146
19
925
3
658
6
6
502
18
1
337
14
9
10
1
1
114
4
7
1
199
15
32
4
32
5
73
1
58
77
72
5
47
40
15
o
1
1
1
7
1
1
5
1
1
206
43
1,041
45
45
1
1C
111
1
13
34
272
60
27
1
8
4
143
9
15
96
1
133
o
38
13
143
3
24
10
70
204
164
301
55
108
CO
61
58
15
185
834
: 5
309
381
552
I
28
11
30
41
8
1
3
21
15
48
17
14
15
1
62
7
27
31
5
44
31
18
41
72
65
10
o
9
4
2
1°7
1
16
4
3
9
3
19
15
13
4
3
1
3
o
1
1
1
83
82
3
5
79
116
CO
195
58
118
28
5°
121
1,255
724
37
28
87
8
23
3
3
4
o
1
3
4
10
3
6
o
o
2
9
14
9
1
2
9
4
16
68
116
46
34
1
8
3
15
1
15
7
6
3
6
5
2
o
0
1
9
1
1, 4-13
13
1,210
21
1,750
13
2,511
10
1,211
14
686
8
1,983
3
21, 690
133
26
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE V.— DEPARTMENT OF THE SHENANDOAH— Continued.
YEAR
1861.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
7, 337.
14, 729.
15, 922.
15, 726.
16, 743.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1,084
1
2,800
7
2,793
1
54
8
2,161
17
2,052
1
11
24
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
P°^e y
3
1
3
1
1
39
23
.
1
13
4
1
6
2
11
1
1
1
2
9
25
1
2
2
o
1
12
15
3
1
3
18
16
1
o
N rd '
10
10
2
7
2o
4
4
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
1
o
5
6
1
32
17
3
5
3
4
1
r
18
3
3
1
25
3
2
1
0
7
2
6
3
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
61 Otorrhcea
1
1
63 Other Diseases of this Order
1
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
1
5
5
5
4
84
G
131
2
1
1
1
5
5
0
3
4
1
3
2
153
3
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
72. Asthma
1
13
4
14
1
5
3
109
6
196
1
4
78
75. Catarrh
1C8
77. Haemorrhage from Lungs
11
3
10
78. Dropsy of Chest
79. Inflammation of Larynx
8
1
2
2
12
12
13
8
1
7
22
3
1
7
35
91
11
12
5
20
22
1
82. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
83. Abdominal Dropsy
o
84. Cholera Morbus
oo
28
43
104
27
12
10
43
80
30
85. Colic
5°
86. Constipation
73
114
15
87. Dyspepsia
14
13
2, (186
1,329
g
3,479
8 3, 477
8
17
2,890
25
DURING THE YEAE ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
• '27
TABLE V.— DEPARTMENT OF THE SHENANDOAH— Continued.
1861.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
18, 007.
17, 143.
21, 498.
27, 437.
14, 072.
9, 508.
14, 391.
16, 043.
41
42
43
44
45
4G
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
CO
61
62
63
C4
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
80
87
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths.
1,443
13
1,216
2
53
A*l
1
1,750
1
42
13
2,511
2
29
10
1
1,211
14
686
8
1,983
3
21, 690
7
344
7
74
6
9
4
118
257
314
21
40
3
2
12
2
285
55
C8
57
80
5
3
1
1
2
11
o
44
26
139
2
44
19
1
o
10
1
7
1
17
1
6
1
6
5
2
1
3
1
10
3
1
1
1
5
56
39
5
4
o
1
1
1
100
24
25
1
6
1
1
27
33
1
3
1
1
1
2
31
82
2
3
17
20
1
1
1
18
5
3
13
1
]
1
1
5
2
2
2
o
27
5
2
7
23
32
52
20
7
4
3
7
8
5
26
2
20
C
31
1
8
19
8
5
6
1
1
9
2
5
3
6
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
2
1
1
10
1
4
6
249
29
688
5
13
0
1
1
4
243
8
323
3
3
3
1
6
3
201
4
0
9
3
1
1
°11
3
61
1
9°
4
2
3
20
1
1
3
8
31
7
223
1
88
40
1,484
127
3
1
1
1
1
°3
19
429
16
127
371
916
3,940
16
64
1
1
1
12
1
1
4
8
68
17
o
2
58
25
1
34
77
44
o
3
31
87
42
50
128
4
0
24
1
18
40
3
15
11
8
103
236
532
134
11
113
397
999
231
4
1
11
6
15
50
18
15
24
8
3
1
4
1
1
1
17
71
21
2,264
• 10
54
117
25
3
12
12
34
77
33
°9
3
49
4
1"8
37
8
16
2, 476
23
25
3,451
20
4,168
32
2,084
16
1,060
13 2,701
4
32,065
193
28
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE V.— DEPARTMENT OF THE SHENANDOAH— Concluded.
y FAB -- --
18G1.
MOXTII
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
7,337.
14, 729.
15, 922.
15,726.
16, 743.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths, ; Cases.
i
Deaths.
1, 329
o
2
3,479
7
3
1
8
3,477
1
3
3
8
2,086
17
2,890
1
1
1
25
OKDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
83 i n f f ««t
1
1
3
90 Fistuli
9° Piles
5
24
28
19
11
17
1
24
10
o
7
9
1
14
21
13
1
1
1°
11
P4
8
1
1
4
38
1
11
3
23
40
20
34
16
3
1
1
4
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
102 Stone and Gravel
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
3
2
100 Sarcocelo
1
5
o
1
1
3
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
1
1
114 White Swelling
3
32
1
1
A.8
2
5
14
10
7
7
8
1
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
7
13
19
7
29
0
1
118 Whitlow
o
C
30
15
°7
|
110 Boil
11
4
2
13
8
19
1°0 Skin Diseases
15
24
1°2 Other Diseases of this Order
2
5
1
1
30
C
1
5
11
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
123 Burns
1
1
123. Compression of Brain
126 Contusion
1°
29
28
4
16
0
5
127 Fracture
5
8
1
8
24
o
0
3
4
9
11
6
3
4
9
2
10
3
16
1
3
12
18
6
4
o
24
9
14
1
11
6
5
4
1
133 Gunshot Wounds
4
3
8
1
1
1
15
15
7
9G
137 UNCLASSIFIED DISEASES
1
66
19
1
8 1
Total
1,468
6
3,988
11
3, 835 13
3,022
~o
3,206
27
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
TABLE V.— DEPARTMENT OF THE SIIENANDOAII— Concluded.
1801.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
Al'RIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
18,007.
17,143.
21,408.
27,437.
14,072.
0,508.
14,391.
1G,043.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
88
89
90
91
92
94
95
96
97
G8
99
ICO
101
102
103
104
105
]OG
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
110
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
2, 47G
1
11
o
23
2, 2G4
1
3
2
25
3,451
3
5
20
1
4,168
3
12
1
1
45
32
2, OS4
1G
1, CCO
]3
2,701
5
5
4
32, CG5
24
61
13
0
193
1
2
1
15
1
1
10
7
1
9
3G
1
19
1
13
4
21
4
17
2
1
30
31
9
3
3
5
11
°3
15
2
7
15
16
1
64
81
210
404
9
16
23
020
143
7
14
9
5
o
6]
1
1
1
1
1
2°
71
1C8
3
1
1
G
41
5
1
1
4
92
1
1
1
3
1
103
8
1
4
7
141
20
1
48
23
21
8
34
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
4
1
7
3
1
0
3
o
1
1
1
13
4
1
2
1
4
4
1
1
n
°3
1
1
7
J
28
1
1
1
4
3
1
1
1
6
o
1
1
1
1
o
20
1
15
3
1
4
1
1
1
3
6
2
2
1
10
OOJ
23
11
G
10
8
20
5
10
4
1G
15
5
1
20
70
4
3
3
15
3
9
56
160
174
ISO
72
GO
10
3
13
11
18
7
9
1
9
14
18
1
1
1
13
12
12
o
G
3
5
4
2
20
4
3
10
14
5
14
12
G
6
9
4
9
14
1
5G
. 8
G
1G
14
19
3
5
3
19
5
227
55
27
7
17
13
4
G
4
9
10
9
20
12
75 ;;.;....
137
158
48
473
16
1
1
78
1
1
17
3
G
»
304
59
G
70
2
26
1
7
1!)
8
4
10
17
7
13
15
G
5
5
9
105
261
10
9
4
2
23
2,601
25
2, 51)8
25 3, 872
31
5, 1G7
102 2, 369
20 1,278 17 3,075 5 36, GUI)
i ;
310
30
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE VI.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR .
1801.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMIIER.
MEAN STRENGTH
17, 709.
50, 608.
85, 408.
113, 204.
133, 669.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OKDEK I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
6
39
101
63
84
65
3
13
2,999
59
381
11
41
272
o
81
1
211
47
128
1
311
317
584
605
906
70
26
50
504
437
1,340
1,524
38
1
34
818
520
1,756
2,067
2
58
1
6
13
1, 456
663
1,922
1,648
902
119
1
8
4
O"7
1
1
1,816
112
1,577
202
306
155
5,008
231
1,015
60
86
°3
62
4,604
334
804
46
37
17
463
1
95
1
1
138
5 797
279
11
2
5
' A°U?ebD
5,148
217
741
80
60
2
365
2
155
85
' TV
O
1
1
1
6
3
7
972
86
82
5
2
1
' ^ ^
14* HIT? d V '
3
2
15* MeaBles°X
1
518
o
2
930
8
154
380
552
249
12
F
' ^
109
325
P
35
613
°08
659
281
353
395
566
217
4
ORDEII II. — Enthetic Diseases.
417
683
432
505
558
194
38
4
597
96
]3
76
33
84
80
33
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
1
4
17
56
1
583
482
20
6
19
23
12
1
39
7
o
3
44
15
3
1 638
23
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
30 Gout
1
147
87
3
5
1
9
85
24
7
1,106
609
35
9
1
18
39
92
33
°0
817
454
1 213
61
14
1
33
148
62
53
35
3 ^
4
1
30
149
75
13
332
1
^7
37 Other Diseases of this Order
7°
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases,
3
3
113
31
42
5
39 Scrofula
6
3
25
14
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
5,288
9
12, 973
35
16, 361
53
19, 249
90
20, 201
166
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1802.
TABLE VI. .
of the Army of the Potomac.
18G1.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MAKCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
152, 759.
167, 267.
153, 308.
126, 588.
71, 259.
72, 536.
78, 733.
101, D21.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
15
Ifi
17
18
19
20
22
23
24
26
*./
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
32
1,351
341
1,474
1,037
743
50
201
3,433
233
740
41
102
97
1,488
42
157
991
651
342
565
612
147
24
1
»
194
4
17
17
1,038
384
983
531
424
8
157
0
6
423
1,148
824
1
136
8
360
310
664
397
289
5
54
5
356
007
1
37
o
180
8noo
, — '-O
4,458
14, 023
10, C7D
8,957
1,144
39
917
13
48
412
278
1,548
721
1
751
457
1,640
682
70
3
o
3
902
499
452
394
662
727
81
134
3,016
207
630
57
110
CO
927
6
252
78
29
3,519
111
911
oo
96
21
4,933
283
86
15
5,540
6
o
6
0
26
5
7
1
5
83
2, 248
220
651
32
13
1
o
2
20
4 782
4
1
3
962
51, 027
2,909
10,542
761
744
386
6,199
72
1,786
4,083
53
4
10
38
9
28
18
76
4
141
1,169
29
594
1,307
123
42
1
12
2
4
1
o
1,161
163
2
86
77
751
4
°83
46
29
272
5
°15
30
5
143
1
1
4
31
4
14
4
1
14
59
157
go
46
37
885
184
53
36
41
12
S84
851
345
312
007
40
273
147
93
79
48
10
9
383
108
83
41
33
466
253
458
455
114
22
1
297
156
390
360
1
1
5,874
2,419
3,774
4 242
7
1
1
1
1
297
°3"
96
19
57
916
220
4
14
15
1
„
7
22
16
5
1,307
1,348
°7
i
23
127
144
42
34
11
48
61
1
1,360
47
20
9
24
2G
9
1, 029
841
34
20
1
20
10
42
71
4
1
1
471
73
1
3
1
550
311
35
9
336
4
11
1
712
570
260
284
36
10, 403
8, 123
391
153
8
OJO
1
11
3
1
1
4
1
o
1
4
683
601
17
9
1
1
0
2
4
4
3
1
381
10
6
1
584
35
3
1
1
0
21
15
14
80
75
26
8
43
37
17
G
7
26
7
67
30
11
15
70
127
35
51
105
977
907 :
286
11
13
17
6
1
/.3
oo
1
CO
18
10
10
515
18, 140
300
14,729
244
12, 418
108
10, 351
88
10, 685
48
12, 186
32 ! 15, 133
85
1C7, 714
1,354
32
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE VI.— ARMY OF THE POTOMAC— Continued.
1861.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
17, 709.
50, COS.
85, 408.
113, 204.
133, 6G9.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
5,288
1
47
6
16
15
2
1
11
9
1
12, 973
4
341
7
44
36
13
1
6
179
°91
35
3
16, 361
1
312
53
1
19, 249
18
2G6
3
40
5
20
96
1
20, 201
3
252
7
74
166
1
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of A'ervous System.
' P ' J
o
1
3
59
13
10
16
o
1
1
1
44* r* •?
' * j* *£
2
1
4
16
331
1
1
1
22
276
296
166
380
11
55
5
67
317
16
63
11
0
6
60
4
5
6
1
133
1
1
16
63
9
28
2
1
3
~
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
1
7
1
186
50
15
9
o
9
267
41
44
11
3
210
45
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
122
72
152
41
31
50
68
47
86
8
4
1
7
4
14
1
54
37
26
71
1,665
79
go
66
7
6
3
5
8
7
3
63
32
3
8
1
o
14
3
13
7
1
3
4
3
3
47
21
ORDER IV.— Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
9
1
6
1
1
1
°4
40
33
19
37
414
137
776
15
9
4
136
0*7
18
56
1
22
62
1
ORDER Y. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
7° Asthma
era
118
1 268
964
101
2,474
116
4, 772
459
13
7
1
14
59
42
8
32
6
57
8
48
34
30
58
' A . f ^,hest
87
213
1
1
1
3
4
52
125
61
£08
2
343
394
8G8
239
35
115
167
320
1
285
460
1 233
69
148
129
202
o
• n a . . L
4
1
262
283
10
141
428
29
4
-> nih IV f th O d
5
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
109
134
0
18-1
1
8") Colic
508
1 234
351
43
1,186
303
' °DS P .
241
7,138
20
18, £81
51
23, 088
58
27, 206
100
31,640
209
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1802.
33
TABLE VI.— ARMY OF THE POTOMAC— Continued.
1861.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
152, 759.
167, 2G7.
153, 308.
126, 588.
71, 259.
72, 536.
78, 733.
101, 921.
41
42
'43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
53
54
55
50
57
58
59
GO
Gl
62
C3
64
65
CG
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
-:.
86
87
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
18, 140
7
251
3
' 73
300
6
14, 729
13
2G2
244
3
12, 418
1
254
2
62
198
1
10, 351
25
149
6
41
88
2
10, 685
3
181
o
18
48
2
12, 186
3
1G5
32
1
15, 133
7
243
85
7
167, 714
86
2,723
50
551
125
174
78
133
2,586
3,090
126
576
60
31
141
41
2,564
497
814
510
558
121
53
13
87
39
97
31
440
328
292
571
10,850
1,418
33,604
182
441
12
1,080
1,857
2,851
2,795
50
1,627
4,503
9,697
2,475
25!-, 7-12
1,354
30
1
17
6
4
20
2
8
83
3
19
11
17
314
308
16
G4
4
6
27
2
394
58
90
72
66
14
3
2
13
6
10
1
48
34
57
85
2,055
185
4
o
o
4
2
3
20
42
7
2
8
189
198
15
°1
1
11
11
1
8
95
106
o
1
21
9
20
347
426
16
G2
5
3
19
2
397
'JO
131
70
61
23
3
22
6
3
1
6
10
5
13
20,5
8
10
7
142
4
4
1
o
1
P87
280
7
57
G
5
27
209
1
1
12
35
4
5
14
4
12
7
~
1
35
3
1
7
5
42
5
2
5
10
113
19
21
14
11
11
8
2
G
143
14
30
20
24
3
355
55
226
28
59
99
13
16
14
6
4
1
1
C
o
73
67
61
13
21
25
3
5
o
8
5
o
1
2
G
8
9
3
13
2
47
55
38
100
1,587
276
6,278
20
58
0
107
238
404
509
11
PI
471
1,138
292
1
17
6
17
4
26
3
2
7
8
1
7
4
51
33
15
o
3
3
1
8
1
19
20
1
1
1
1
2
4
10
15
11
8
9
12
o
o
7
1
49
GO
1,701
219
24
G
5
2
19
1
1
31
957
68
3,002
9
22
26
27
7
3
1
379
109
1, 165
23
31
3
18
89
138
70
1
37
1
197
29
G19
o
162
1
33
378
10
11
7,204
21
5,209
4
50
1
2°G
1
54
3
268
288
616
484
10
57
3
2
1
15
5
o
G
249
40
2
r
l '••
110
173
263
150
3
59
25
9
1
67
12
272
66!)
398
5
4G
300
783
1
74
7
1
1
17
5
71
58
102
6G
42
Cl
4
194
442
422
151
47
6
G
1
1
81
404
486
1
0
1
358
994
291
1
299
508
305
495
2°9
118
1
140
31,988
380
29, 727
347
24,387
306
17,306
124
14, 614
64
15, 108
37
18,259
100
1,M>2
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE VI.— ARMY OF THE POTOMAC— Concluded.
YFAU
1861.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SErTEMKEE.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
17,709.
50, COS.
85, 408.
113, 204.
133,669.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
7,138
13
20
2
1
58
6
9
32
1
1
3
1
102
20
18, 281
35
51
23, 088
30
59
58
1
27, 206
23
85
11
5
106
3
1
31,640
27
112
10
209
4
1
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
64
37
10
197
42
74
121
36
16
15
2
248
23
14
196
go Piles
170
42
18
128
551
1J
C
7
307
385
4
20
4
309
51
18
201
458
33
33
30
113
182
1
.
1
B
1
"" d °e A '
30
7
7
220
r f v "t
1
2
6
9
5
6
U .
604
314
7
23
4
15
52
1
1
190
1
1
209
11
9
7
8
33
34
8
6
27
35
14
4
17
4
203
93
106
103
232
1
277
1
16
4
5
43
37
15
2
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
1
2
4
6
37
29
14
1
48
12
7
18
50
3
o
TT ^nm? ° ,°H ^
5
13
18
1
12
35
34
13
4
34
43
4
7
7
17
250
84
62
159
1
OUDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
2
14
252
104
78
1
50
14
12
18
113
15
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
158
68
46
162
118 "Whitlow
119 Boil
204
177
219
170
192
8L
34
6
C
247
51
148
169
79
23
1
1
3211
65
38
1
43
42
175
79
26
6
2
170
20
22
74
42
3
1
437
48
27
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
123 Burns
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
29
10
4
19
1
17
101
171
185
37
1C8
11
60
96
111
182
148
32
180
7
196
165
154
51
149
9
24
ICO
33
141
8
1
1
102
27
77
10
1
1
1
18
1
LO
48
12
33
1
1
1
1
1
4
o
110
76
94
269
108
302
127
259
108
293
4
3
11
Total
8,488
71
21, 636
72
26, 809 86
31, 641
16C
36, 851
263
DURING THE YEAE ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
35
TABLE VI.— ARMY OF THE POTOMAC— Concluded.
1861.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
152, 759.
167, 267.
153, 308.
126, 588.
71, 259.
72, 536.
78, 733.
101,921.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
31, 988
37
164
13
10
343
65
45
193
465
11
7
5
709
443
5
20
14
13
45
38
8
9
10
44
3
2
10
7
285
€8
80
243
190
1G4
64
46
6
1
449
83
32
234
244
277
44
121
13
380
3
1
29,727
56
93
18
12
288
79
38
214
500
9
16
5
780
485
1
19
4
16
347
3
1
24, 387
27
71
8
306
o
17, 306
9
56
13
12
124
1
1 '
14, 614
12
28
5
3
JOO
64
15, 108
37
18, 259
18
30
10
9
190
48
24
100
1
258, 742
1
292
836
163
93
2,365
514
292
1,519
3,500
175
101
43
4,591
3,277
38
157
56
85
392
335
110
60
187
362
47
38
58
93
1,977
661
643
1,548
1,823
1,539
744
401
38
19
2,990
478
234
1,396
1,825
1,836
565
7,050
109
1,802
18
6
54
13
1
1
1
219
49
121
361
7
33
4
823
344
1
15
4
5
28
24
150
25
123
3
53
6
57
210
9
1
21
3
62
192
10
4
3
1
4
2
4
102
1
175
308
1
236
2
13
1
2
1
3
4
68
118
3
19
5
8
51
28
1
19
1
99
139
0
1
446
172
165
141
2
9
2
1
1
2
7
3
11
19
13
8
1
6
18
2
3
4
13
102
50
1
6
5
3
14
19
4
3
3
1
29
15
3
44
8
4
15
1
15
1
17
29
15
3
6
23
5
11
1
16
1
4
1
2
87
37
36
69
90
50
18
16
3
41
5
6
4
7
236
1
1
1
7
5
151
46
56
128
184
171
87
47
2
3
319
26
1
1
5
82
17
36
94
72
51
28
4
3
121
47
69
33
34
86
74
60
64
13
3
161
246
188
74
79
5
1
401
59
4°
121
127
1
57
54
48
1
1
222
42
12
15°
20
2
2
118
14
7
63
113
56
13
264
7
1
1
4
5
4
1
127
142
23
10
2
1
11
5
58
120
216
186
3, 799
9
190
286
208
49
85
18
146
201
138
n~>
66
70
148
34
2,009
7
30
78
153
104
28
57
8
1
2
15
4
2
1,255
3
12
(i
73
1
1
2
17
1
1
1
5
19
60
2
11
1
4
1
46
455
572
1
1
3
1
1
149
310
140
195
177
259
87
157
o
22
47
68
36
131
1,213
2,417
15
5
1
37, 829
419
35, 310
393
28,915
333
20, 268
156
16, 694
116
18, 896
497
24, 690
705 I 308,027
3,277
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE VII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality of
YEAR
1861.
MOXTII . .
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OKDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
1. Typhus Fever
2. Typhoid Fever
3. Common Continued Fever
4. Remittent Fever
5. Quotidian Intermittent Fever
6. Tertian Intermittent Fever
7. Quartan Intermittent Fever
8. Congestive Intermittent Fever
9. Acute Diarrhoea
10. Chronic Diarrhoea
11. Acute Dysentery ,
12. Chronic Dysentery
13. Erysipelas
14. Small-pox and Yarioloid
15. Measles
16. Scarlet Fever
17. Mumps
16. Epidemic Catarrh,
19. Debility
20. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
21. Syphilis
22. Gonorrhoea ,
23. Orchitis
24. Stricture of the Urethra
25. Serpent Bite
26. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
27. Scurvy
28. Delirium Tremens
29. Inebriation
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
30. Gout
31. Acute Rheumatism
32. Chronic Rheumatism
34. General Dropsy
35. Cancer
36. Tumors
37. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER II. — Tubercular Disea*es.
38. Consumption
39. Scrofula
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
40. Worms
Carried forward
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G2.
37
TABLE VII.
the Department of the Rappahannock.
18G1.
1802.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
5G, 602.
64, G50.
48, 155.
56, 469.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
5
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Dea?as.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. ! Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
•
34
181
146
335
322
20
353
179
1,005
405
4
37
45
310
117
555
2°°
4
13
99
844
442
1,895
949
1 028
8
67
17
...
1
3
4
280
315
433
58
17
o or;1}
55
32
19
22
2, 304
131
507
OiJ
132
71
6,872
571
7
5
12
243
197
505
451
1 463
30
54
21
141
1
134
91
195
84
125
23
77
140
63
215
7
416
201
867
184
344
coo
48
24
CO
5
171
38
4
1
1
1
18
14
1
111
52
5
1
2
1
58
316
46
115
1
1
356
54
2
104
136
32
218
174
44
7
'
35
111
23
2
8
0
68
10
6
71
9
27
33
15
3
172
34
36
• 1
1
1
o
1
382
314
18
3
1
6
9
9
11
483
2G7
409
244
1
1, 274
825
1
17
10
9
5
44
18
1
20
10
58
46
6
22
4
33
23
4
9
100
91
19
1
42
1
3
1
5
6,350
34
7,378
56
6, 492 20
20,220 : no
38
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE VII.— DEPARTMENT OF THE RAPPAHANNOCK— Continued.
18O1
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
OKDEB I. — Diseases of A'ervous System.
* P y
f f M 1 f B in
' " 1™ma lon °
f •
y f tr o d
I
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
rr' a . f Irf
' p
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
fil Ot a h
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
f TT t
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
78 Dropsy of Chest
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
84. Cholera Morbus
85. Colic
87. Dyspepsia
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G2.
39
TABLE VII.— DEPARTMENT OF THE EAPPAHANNOCK— Continued.
1861.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
56, 602.
64, 650.
48, 155.
56, 469.
41
42
43
44
45
40
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
i 86
87
1
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
110
4
6,350
2
67
1
11
34
2
7,378
3
128
56
2
6,492
1
131
1
15
20
20,220
6
3°6
1
5
14
21
7
40
417
1
6
2
3
16
106
119
1
21
6
3
2
100
1°8
7
15
6
323
405
3
117
158
5
1
1
4
12
10
59
5
4
3
26
3
1
3
2
2
1
114
15
19
23
117
15
96
10
24
327
40
60
48
40
8
13
1
6
3
30
17
12
17
2
9
13
10
3
2
1
1
1
7
13
3
2
3
1
12
o
1
11
1
1
2
18
24
18
29
11
21
21
57
80
20
74
616
148
2,270
34
36
1
27
27
6
30
331
91
3
23
116
16
493
5
18
169
41
682
2
o
1, 095
20
11
1
13
94
146
75
9
7
1
1
!
13
97
97
67
6
51
167
420
98
1
58
47
25
1
69
203
259
63
249
6
5
1
1
290
167
7
177
12
1
57
150
520
1,026
347
101
262
9,502
45
10, 078
68
8,534
21
28,114
13-1
40
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE VII.— DEPARTMENT OF THE RAPPAHANNOCK— Concluded.
18G1.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
' ern |.
An.
fl f P 't
99' " ainma '°n ° <,
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
104 Diabetes
110 Non-Svphilitic Ulcer of Penis
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints,
114 "White Swelling
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
118 Whitlow
119 Boil
121 Ulcers .
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
123 Burns
Total
I
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
41
TABLE VII.— DEPARTMENT OF THE RAPPAHANNOCK— Concluded.
1801.
1862.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
56, 602.
64, 050.
48, 155.
56, 469.
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
9G
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
100
liO
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
12(5
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases:
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
45
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
9,502
13
92
10, 078
8
79
8
3
96
13
11
73
175
C8
8,534
8
56
21
28, 114
"9
134
2°7
6
68
5
5
6
102
20
15
266
26
00
1
8
6
63
56
2
1
51
187
323
5
10
• 16
92
1
1
1
3
14
211
6
1
1
2
55
84
1
6
1
1
16
5
5
2
3
5
1
2
2
2
89
00
1
123
98
1
10
4
389
°71
89
2
22
8
3
29
6
3
2
10
7
3
3
9
2
21
10
o
9
18
1
o
4
8
249
49
38
107
168
99
42
44
9
1
289
09
31
94
187
142
88
696
18
5
I
6
7
1
2
76
9
15
1
4
84
18
14
9
38
71
34
19
4
4
47
49
35
48
30
10
25
3
13
15
1
1
1
o
1
88
18
12
1
68
20
12
133
31
7
20
33
32
60
620
9
45
23
70
62
8
39
3
84
48
20
37
6
1
1
o
154
11
8
135
1
1
27
167
105
ai
47
227
124
7
65
10
8
306
25
10, 976
11, 681
92
10,355
164
33, 012 321
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE VIII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1861.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
7, 190.
6, 568.
6, 532.
9, 537.
14, C03.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
o
3
o
23
70
35
13
7
9
25
58
3
20
1,198
20
23
3
1
1
22
3
19
38
58
33
5
7
178
115
2
31
15
275
12
^ r* ^
218
188
178
2
238
9
195
9
28
531
15
12
44
362
245
391
19
38
5
C
1
41
27
23
9
25
43
1
5
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
o
4
5
6
6
33
24
32
43
13
12
173
45
19. Debility
46
48
63
47
8
1
15
37
76
29
64
13
8
11
91
30
47
16
2
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
40
7
o7 O°Vt'
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
1
1
7
4
1
1
1
4
o
1
3
3
CLASS 11.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
OKDEK I. — Diathetic Diseases.
30 Gout
149
71
1G5
107
24
98
79
11
1
153
50
31
0
2
36 Tumors
1
3
1
14
2
1
1
1
9
12
6
1°
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
7
3
10
1
2
2
39 Scrofula
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
40 Worms
1
1
1 855
839
1,023
2
1,794
7
1,872
18
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
43
TABLE VIII.
of the Department of Virginia.
1861.
1802.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
12, 718.
11, 416.
13, 618.
14, 680.
14, 791.
9, 655.
7,251.
10, 713.
1
0
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
15
1G
17
18
19
20
21
*-J
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths.
6
58
54
28
1
8
1
17
26
48
113
28
32
354
2G3
1,117
1,089
6G4
42
114
4 287
4
36
1
4
95
6
119
168
66
6
8
17
43
45
19
16
2
10
34
62
33
37
5
1
193
0
18
6
46
41
9
17
11
51
°4
1
1
1
47
15
20
4
1
207
1
189
1
13
5
141
2
247
15
70
3
G
1
1
268
4
45
315
7
40
4
6
33
53
147
385
15
55
13
218
3
230
368
418
416
327
380
111
11
G
3
1
3
3
10
3
4
11
4
GO
3
34
7
4
1
1
1
1°
45
21
1
74
50
31
46
20
18
11
17
14
3
13
7
98
52
53
16
19
15
4
28
62
26
14
15
20
34
5
21
28
00
16
23
18
7
10
24
39
G
1
4
44
57
11
1
11
3
1
4
o
2
1
9
20
20
35
4
5
4
7
3
3
1
1
1
130
58
5
1
88
59
85
170
46
JOO
86
19
77
10
1
1,430
59
3
66
572
22
9
1
0
4
6
3
1
13
3
15
3
3
9
10
11
4
1
13
3
55
65
88
17
9 .
5
8
1
9
4
1
3
3
1
1
55
i
1,281
8
761
9
680
3
935
2
915
3
702
1
744
o
13, 401
44
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE VIII.— DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA— Continued.
YEAR
1861.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
7, 190.
6, 568.
6, 532.
9, 537.
14, 603.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
1,855
839
1,023
2
1,794
7
1,872
18
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
OKDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
5G
58
98
1
3
1
1
38
17
1
10
1
3
2
2
o
p p J
1
o
1
1
1
31
11
1
9
1
15
6
1
10
5
21
12
1
7
27
32
1
3
3
5
5
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
3
1
' a
1
33
16
1
3
5
8
19
3
17
3
1
15
1
2
19
6
3
12
25
3
1
8
OKDER III.— Diseases of Ear.
IE
28
' " al"ma
2
i
3
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
f He t
1
2
1
5
2
1
2
95
1
1
1
1
51
4
43
1
2
' an v .
1
1
3
76
5
92
o
7
6
63
14
137
1
3
1
9
143
. 7
204
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
51
5
6
8
3
5
10
1
5
3
54
0
1
14
9
64
7
13
13
121
1
4
1
13
1
1
1
2
81. n ami a 10 Drag ^
OKDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
18
68
211
92
24
10
41
113
29
11
118
102
80
9
25
149
55
' P .
37
2, 603
1,262
1, 594
o
2,531
10
2,762
22
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G2.
45
TABLE VIII.— DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA— Continued.
1801.
180^.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
12, 718.
11,416.
13, 618.
14, 680.
14, 731.
9,655
7, 251.
10,713.
41
42
43
44
4-1
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
C8
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1,281
1
15
1
5
8
1
761
9
680
3
26
1
1
3
935
1
27
2
915
3
702
1
744
2
13, 401
5
429
55
1
26
38
21
9
1
4
22
17
10
11
13
361
164
10
61
8
5
11
1
244
78
41
101
33
4
6
2
2
5
7
1
12
16
20
51
940
66
2,966
27
46
1
4
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
3
1
50
14
1
4
1
1
31
7
1
2
1
58
14
2
6
1
19
4
4
4
5
24
20
1
6
2
70
°7
0
5
1
1
5
2
6
4
1
2
3
3
2
1
13
20
10
3
5
3
18
3
3
5
1
20
5
7
3
2
19
7
9
5
8
2
39
5
6
9
5
1
15
3
2
4
1
1
2
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
8
193
15
220
1
1
2
3
99
4
561
1
2
3
4
83
2
1
1
4
2
3
57
1
1
3
2
1
46
21
5
1
5
67
4
11
1
169
1
4
15
441
337
665
1
5
6
1
1
8
7
11
4
96
17
19
9
9
8
10
14
17
1
7
16
107
81
18
6
31
5
3
7
31
17
3
9
3
17
5
78
118
136
413
1
106
485
1,208
1
]
15
3
1
2
1
3
4
2
1
11
5
2
2
35
100
44
1
38
103
51
1
3°
1
1
30
100
7(i
6
19
72
31
16
38
50
5
1
101
47
628
2,146
11
1,787
12
1,512
8
2,121
9
1, 901
8
1,134
J
1,021
2 j! 22, 374
1
65
i
46
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE YIIL— DEPARTMENT OF VTRGESnA— Concluded.
1861.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER. NOVEMBER.
7,190.
6, 5G8.
6, 532.
9, 537.
14,603.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
2,G03
1,262
1,594
2
2,531
10
2,762
22
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
4
1
18
1
4
30
4
1
22
1
30
o
33
1
1
6
1
1
4
8
16
2
17
11
o
1
6
1
3
3
10
1
24
89
18
38
17
71
35
20
88
10G
1
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
' ucon inon
5
2
1
1
5
2
i OR' *°fl"mm'*t „ ^
o
1
2
^"tr °? 6 3D
1
1
14
9
11
i
1
3
1
1
ORDER VIIL — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
1
O7
ORDER IX.— Disease* of Integumentary System.
38
37
2
7
80
13
24
48
4
1
15
9
4
1
40
4
31
4
5
14
69
45
33
36
14
5
13
20
119 Boil
14
19
121 Ulcers
26
21
o
48
20
6
CLASS V. —WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
4
19r • fT> •
74
1
19
30
3
24
1
1
15
31
5
1
15
1G
120
15
9
22
1
13
6
74
38
G
57
3
10
6
13
4
3
3
11
1
1
3
1 13
3
-^
32
194
35
17
52
42
27
43
3
142
2
129
Total
3,500
3
1, 907 1
1,959 5
3,081
13 3, 326
27
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1882.
47
TABLE VIII.— DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA— Concluded.
1861.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MAUCII.
Al'IilL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
12,718.
11, 416.
13, 618.
14, C80.
14, 791.
9, 655.
7,251.
10, 713.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
2,146
1
18
11
1
1,787
I
12
12
1,512
4
3
1
8
1
2,121
9
1, <J01
1
1
3
8
1,134
1
13
1
1,021
o
2
22,374
10
127
15
4
207
17
22
85
1
7
4
12
2
21
17
11
32
14
8
7
1
4
16
2
3
13
3
4
10
1
10
17
6
9
3
1
4
2
G
4
82
78
3
2
3
387
649
1
1
52
55
1
2
48
39
41
78
53
16
59
17
15
3
17
37
1
2
3
6
3
1
36
10
12
2
8
55
5
1
2
1
6
7
1
1
1
1
4
2
6
1
1
1
1
o
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
0
4
2
6
1
1
1
1
I
1
10
6
6
10
17
40
10
6
2
216
33
60
296
190
317
169
51
1
L9
0
19
12
26
5
3
13
2
7
7
3
6
4
27
8
o
„
1
9
6
18
5
13
13
6
11
12
13
3
22
12
1
16
3
o
2
38
5
o
47
29
6
9
3°
33
2
3
19
21
°4
41
6
30
7
4
31
15
2
3S8
40
17
2CO
3
4
16
23
36
4
6
16
31
10
4
10
22
28
9
o
9
6
19
18
16
485
166
46
87
6
1
1
1
1
o
1
3
3
7
4
1
14
1
2
22
26
6
10
4
10
14
17
10
1
10
2
S5
"12
2
650
7
3
2,632
13
2,190
15 1, 819
11
2,533
10
2,242
11 1, 360
3
1,203
27, 752
115
48
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TKOOPS
TABLE IX
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality of
1861.
MONTH .
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
8 Congestive Intermittent Fever
|
11. Acute Dysentery
16. Scarlet Fever
17. Mumps -
18. Epidemic Catarrh
19. Debility
20. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseaset.
22. Gonorrhoea -
23. Orchitis
24. Stricture of the Urethra
25. Serpent Bite
2G. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER III. — Dictic Diseases.
27. Scurvy
28. Delirium Tremens
29. Inebriation
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
30 Gout
•
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
38. Consumption
39. Scrofulu
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
40. Worms
1
Carried forward
1
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
49
TABLE IX.
the Department of North Carolina.
1861.
1809.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCII.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUKE.
TOTAL.
8, 996.
11,012.
16, 549.
18, 172.
17, 941.
16, 649.
14, P86.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
>eaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
11
434
141
126
107
52
2
61
3
4
10
198
139
178
103
30
2
1
19
2
1
3
139
95
189
74
35
3
19
815
70
90
9
9
2
7
24
1,064
o~o
£86
436
3
146
5
14
35
50
23
10
109
25
42
80
44
9
1
309
10
72
16
149
78
c.8
35
70
16
3
582
20
114
9
6
12
24
16
1
2
6
37
13
3
1
147
244
20
5
1,039
35
370
3
10
19
26
1
81
2
91
22
20
24
11
1
53
29
3,696
164
908
54
40
35
208
3
370
339
495
264
115
160
69
8
1
1
1
3
5
804
27
236
33
7
1
10
2
36
21
2
1
2
4
3
26
2
5
1
3
1
29
1
4
4
3
1
126
3
1
10
24
58
18
6
11
24
1
116
226
70
30
85
43
2
200
16
14
10
8
19
1
1
85
56
25
1
1
60
19
21
8
2
1
1
106
30
49
14
2
1
34
16
3
3
2
5
2
1
1
1
3
4
2
70
99
4
1
8
6
10
8
561
452
5
5
71
68
8
8
1
1
6
167
96
1
1
1
1
1
43
43
82
102
54
1
97
100
1
60
3
1
1
1
5
1
9
19
7
1
oo
15
7
11
12
1
1
13
16
2
9
2
2
1
3
10
1
1
2
1
3
2cr.
715
17
1,318
21
1,608
29
2,950
84
2,290
27
2,226
28
11,107
50
TABLE IX.— DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA— Continued.
1861.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOIJEK. NOVEMBER.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of J^ervous System.
f Tl *
. ^ s ag
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
•w ftMh
^ • -h- n
OKDEK III. — Diseases of Ear.
' " ai ma
'
ORDEU IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
t H
f E d'
.
68 Inflam mation of Veins
.
ORDER Y. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
78 Dropsy of Chest
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
83. Abdominul Dropsy
84 Cholera Morbus
85. Colic
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1802.
51
TABLE IX.— DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA— Continued.
1801.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
8, 996.
11, 012.
10, 549.
18,172.
17, 941.
16, 649.
14, 680.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
41
42
43
44
45
4G
47
48
49
50
51
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
70
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
80
87
715
17
1,318
1,608
29
2,950
84
2,290
27
2,226
28
11,107
200
15
6
34
38
1
4
L
19
o
3
1
4
48
100
4
24
4
20
5
3
127
131
7
36
1
2
6
1
116
18
39
26
43
20
1
6
1
a
2
3
6
3
4
1°
2
1
4
1
3
1
7
26
3
3
2
22
18
1
14
20
21
1
6
32
26
23
2
20
32
11
1
5
2
4
7
1
1
i
0
2
2
2
1
11
18
3
8
29
20
7
19
1
5
6
12
6
19
4
8
4
3
8
5
3
1
1
2
11
19
6
3
4
5
1
1
6
3
9
0
1
1
3
3
2
9
1
34
24
39
23
1
2
1
5
13
1
i
2
0
4
4
1
1
311
22
383
16
4
14
3
77
9
1
6
10
53
10
85
2
2
1
108
1
288
1
15
3
183
280
102
1
924
89
1,542
3
30
i
o
11
331
1
1
175
1
8
1
3
1
8
1
1
9
1
1
4
8
43
14
39
8
24
1
10
2L
35
1
1
16
17
25
23
1
28
9
21
16
14
78
03
150
71
1
124
1
2
19
o
1
1
1
1
18
7
18
8
1
4
4
10
17
87
56
30
55
144
35
13
24
11
28
39
75
136
8
227
554
109
47
11
110
22
oo
1, 324
30
2,170
26
2, 631
35
3,947
90
3,086
30
2,687
30
10, 045
211
52
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE IX.— DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA— Concluded.
1861.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
'
go piles
' f
' ,. r°?1C
101. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
102. Stone and Gravel
103 Inflammation of Bladder
104 Diabetes
107. Inflammation of Kidneys
108. llydroccle and Hasmatocele
1C9. Sarcocele
110. .Non-Syphilitic Ulcer of Penis
111. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
112. Anchylosis
113. Exostosis
114. White Swelling
115. Nncrosis
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
116. Abscess
117. Carbuncle
118. Whitlow
119. Boil
120. Skin Diseases
121. Ulcers
122. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
123. Burns
124. Concussion of Brain
125. Compression of Brain
126'. Contusion
127. Fracture
128. Dislocation
129. Sprain
131. Contused and Lacerated Wounds
132. Punctured Wounds
133 Gunshot Wounds
134. Poisoning
135 Suicide . ...
130. Others of this Class
137 U\CL YSSIFIED DlSE\SES
Total
DUKING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
53
TABLE IX.— DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA— Concluded.
1801.
1862.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNK.
TOTAL.
8, 990.
11, 012.
1C, 549.
18, 172.
17, 941.
1G, G49.
14, S8G.
88
8!)
90
91
92
93
94
95
00
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
100
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
11C
117
118
119
120
121
123
124
125
12(i
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
130
137
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. | Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
De.-ilhs.
1, 021
30
2,170
1
4
o
20
1
2,631
35
3,947
90
3, C80
GO
2,837
3
49
1
CO
16,045
11
11
241
1
2
1
1
25
4
o
32
1
7
2
150
CO
8
70
ISO
1
40
10
0
4
12
37
20
4
15
32
4
26
o
3
n
11
11
1
1
O'j
16
79
1
1
0
Of)
3
47
o
35
3
1
1
1
8
5
7
£88
|i
1
1
1
1
C3
29
1
1
4
44
9
61
20
67
37
°4
1
48
97
240
1
1
1
1
1
n
4
3
7
1
1C
0
5
43
11
13
3
1
1
9
2
0
5
3
10
1
G
0
9
8
1
3
1
1
1
1
0
Z
7
10
1
3
o
4
-
30
1
3
3
3
]00
1
0
]
11
1
1
2
10
5
3
2
12
22
2G
28
3
4
1
10
33
13
3
0
7
10
13 ...
30
16
47
141
89
47
10
0
0
4
32
16
20
13
]3
18
11
8
4
3
1
"0
o
17
10
4
5
5
13
o
7
2
2°
10
4
1
C
12
9
4
4
6
12
15
4
8
°7
70
19
J2
C4
0
1
15
2
°1
8
14
24
1
77
1
7
11
3
3
9
104
3
299
81
177
07
5
]7
10
130
7
3
14
7
22
5
16
1
86
25
18
2
8
555
3
Io7
1
10
17
0
10
17
0
15
11
15
10
19
20
20
28
91
121
o
1
38
8
M
fi
1,510
33
2,511
51
3,391
132
4, 545
118 j 3,582
41
3, 518
44 1 19, OG4
419
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE X.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YE \R .
1801.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
532.
555.
576.
13, 374.
13, 225.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
5
32
174
199
39
123
0 yp S _?
1
0
1
227
220
83
Cl
10
1
3
o -i • T?"
1
4
18
9
3
5
21
5
1
13
' B . 6
. <<. lOt 10
14
827
7
35
805
2G
14
13
1
37
5
1
18
' .
10
140
2
3
9
172
' a °
11
1
138
3
9
•-O
337
2
• r> t^
' J 7
1
3
1
S^8]/6 d V ' 1 'd
' ma P°
8
19
99
67
33
70
11
10
110
181
77
P
1!). Debility
7
4
1
5
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
21 Syphilis
1
2
1
1
o
24
3
1
25 Serpent Bite -
ORDER III.— Dietic Diseases.
1
1
6
e
1
1
3
4
o
6
1
7
1
CLASS 11.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
30 Gout
3
4
4
14
3
IOC
59
7
143
101
12
.
A
1
' c° P y
3
4
o
9
6
3
4
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
13
1
1
1
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
109
1
81
81
2
2,260
11
2,694
38
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1802.
55
TABLE X.
of the Department of the South.
1801.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
17, DIG.
18, 571.
1C, 288.
17, 821.
21, 242.
16, 230.
16, 336.
12, 647.
1
o
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
15
1C
17
18
19
20
00
23
04
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths.
1
112
72
0
93
45
1
10
8
758
fc96
1,750
1,048
970
50
1
112
o
10
83
109
214
129
95
3
58
CSC
1C
218
o
31
38
2C4
17
14
57
1
147
84
C7
1
27
443
12
135
6
5
5
132
142
8
99
CO
244
142
26
125
go
20
192
179
105
20
33
594
19
134
19
5
1
183
51
93
9
3
468
"0
1
211
144
95
7
10
916
39
321
C
0
!
28
1
130
145
4
20C
109
o
0
10
5
937
97
353
51
C
23
15
10
1
2
24
1, 050
193
271
41
10
G
209
6,712
434
1,959
130
84
137
1
301
78
1
9
18
9
3
21
4
1
2
5
1
1
3
2
1
4
5
1
1
1
o
1
173
4
9
44
21
1
1
1
8
5
10
103
3
2
21
1
20
149
190
91
14
21
8
2
9G
102
C2
56
33
249
84
2G
14
30
210
7
33
206
21
73
162
71
2°8
626
133
05
1
1,694
533
159
245
84
18
2
1
1
51
13
25
1
45
31
14
9
2
5
14
20
23
8
19
7
1
28
24
!
29
1
12
7
4
1
5
4
1
2
13
18
1
3
1
97
159
6
20
55
10
38
9
1 259
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
C9
C3
4
1
o
243
134
16
3
216
130
158
3
4
130
156
4
104
173
C
3
231
1, 241
71
21
2
30
255
172
12
18
3
1
1
17
3
1
G
1
C
1
1
3
1
1
1
114
1C
1
4
5
22
15
1
1
11
18
7
8
22
2
3
30
1
I
27
o
o
o
5
0
4
16
o
4
2,830
49
2, 5C4
38
1,761
23
2,037
27
2,879
23
2,859
38
2,761
47
22, 922
597
56
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE X.— DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH— Continued.
YEAR
1801.
MOXTII
JULY.
AUGUST.
SErTEMUER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
532.
555.
576.
13, 374.
13 °°5
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
109
1
81
81
2,260
11
2, C94
38
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of J\'ervous System.
• 4
°7
30
o
1
1
o
°1
1°
9
1
o
4
10
30
1
9
1
3
2
1
37
CO
1
1
25
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
1
1
1
21
1
1
2
1
1
o
21
58 Other Diseases of this Order
1
o
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
5
8
6
8
1
3
1
1
G
61 Otorrhoea
1
63 Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
3
o
3
1
o
1
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
72 Asthma
3
111
14
140
3
3
1
1
1
4
474
37
268
2
2
6
75 Catarrh - . .
5
1
7
8
18
1G
4
21
21
2
1
8
7
OHDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
83 Abdominal Dror>sy
84. Cholera Morbus
1
56
117
37
82
161
19
85 Colic
1
23
5
15
13
4
4
<51
139
o
126
118
2
3,221
13
4,086
52
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 13G2.
57
TABLE X.— DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH— Continued.
1801.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEliUUAUY.
MAUCII.
Al'UIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
17, 016.
18, 571.
16, 288.
17, 821.
21 242.
16, 230.
16, 33o.
12.C47.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
38
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
~
2
Cuses.
Deaths.
41
42
43
44
45
4:;
47
48
4J
50
51
52
53
54
55
50
57
58
59
CO
Cl
62
C3
G4
65
er>
C7
68
69
70
71
73
74
75
7G
77
78
79
60
81
82
83
84
8r
80
67
2, 8C6
4D
2,504
1,761
1
43
1
2,037
1
51
0
7
4
3
3
8
44
1
2,&79
1
O-O
2,859
38
2,701
2
79
5
22, 922
5
639
10
69
8
44
5
16
333
297
4
119
84
1
5
75
1
1
1
1
4
2
5
5
9
1
11
3
1
2
7
3
1
1
°7
1
2
1
1
40
37
43
93
CO
37
47
69
4
0
10
48
2
8
7
1
2
30
1
7
6
1
1
1
30
15
430
3
7
1
11
70
17
5
11
15
277
59
51
73
C5
16
2
3
6
19
1
4
5
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
34
0
13
9
10
1
1
3
40
13
3
1
4
3
5
2G
59
14
1
12
2
5
0
8
19
12
1
3
2
10
11
o
0
9
3
4
3
3
1
1
o
1
1
5
1
3
3
1
„
1
1
1
5
1
4
1
4
6
12
538
77
778
1
3
8
9
1
3
6
6
6
97
27
3
1
0
10
80
37
9
14
4
0
13
10
3
3
52
3
4
o
30
44
67
1,761
266
3, 469
9
56
1
110
173
1
2
8
03
1
321
27
70
12
45
17
179
1
10
1
12
13
9
4
o
3
15
103
784
44°
501
259
o
1
6
4
6
8
7
20
30
30
6
1
22
o
21
7
10
19
14
1
]0
9
19
26
9
1
3
10
10
3
6
6
25
1
1
24
5"
4
1
37
19
3
o
2
1
1
203
68
6
373
679
1 °°7
24
7
3
37
103
278
47
2
4°
63
65
115
1
3
50
53
fi4
°09
179
38
198
23
235
23
167
14
30
40
304
5, 172
60
4,365
47
2,947
30
3,243
32
4,012
26
3,801
39
3,550
5T> 34, 780 358
1
58
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE X.— DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH— Concluded.
1861.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
K^O
«)<)*..
555.
57G.
13, 374.
13,225.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1G9
0
126
118
o
3,221
13
4,C86
1C
52
OUDEU VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
14
1
35
1
27
1
3
11
8
1
1
3
fU ' i C °- T 'fl ' f T ' •
2
' ' ' ir0m° D llmma 10n°
1
1
14
15
17 P 1 A '
1
11 f f P 't
1
o<)' " amma !m ° .,
l
32
53
9
1
2
8
1
1
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
104 Diabetes
1
o
3
14
1
10
12
110 Non-Syphilitio Ulcer of Penis
1
7
1
4
1
OBDEK VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
11
114. White S wellino-
1
23
1
33
16
3
23
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
7
3
7
13
3
94
118. Whitlow
4
16
14
9
1
7
4
4
20
119. Boil
120 Skin Diseases
G
7
31
on •
16
18
7
5
121. Ulcers
21
122 Other Diseases of this Order
13
12
8
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
123 Burns
1
124. Concussion of Brain
125. Compression of Brain
5
•1
1
7
31
o
30
1
1
9
00
127 Fracture
128. Dislocation
1
13
17
129. Sprain
3
1
3
1
12
o
130. Incised Wounds
3
9
131. Contused and Lacerated Wounds
on
132. Punctured Wounds
1
o
4
3
133. G unshot Wounds
5
1
134. Poisoning
135. Suicide
136. Others of this Class
-j
8
o
G
1
1
14
9
1
137. UNCLASSIFIED DISEASES
9
8
Total
188
22G 2 , 3,613
22
4,481
5f>
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
59
TABLE X.— DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH— Concluded
1861.
1862.
—
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
17,016.
18, 571.
16, 288.
17, 821.
21, 242.
16, 230.
16, 3CC. 12, 647.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
5,172
3
47
3
1
44
6
7
19
17
1
GO
1
4,365
0
7
5
47
1
2,947
30
3,243
1
2
7
32
4,012
2
7
5
26
1
1
3,801
C
1C
4
39
2
3,550
8
17
3
1
31
44
55
j 34,780
24
143
£8
358
7
1
17
1
25
5
291
37
11
07
33
10
19
23
28
1
14
1
19
3
4
19
40
116
o
2C5
CO
185
1
1
1
3°
00
oo
64
1
2
78
1
o
1C5
1
1
6
1
2
G
13
G
SCO
186
3
14
0
9
57
o
3
1
1
1
1
4
69
44
121
76
40
1
1
72
62
50
9
1
24
15
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
2
4
1
1
1
13
7
8
11
4
3
_
1
o
8
3
7
1
3
4
1
1
3
4
50
26
8
1
1
o
1
1
1
3
o
4
8
38
C,
17
9
11
559
G3
78
306
239
2
4
1
4
1
1
5
7
2
1
1
1
79
3
1
1
1
0
1
1
48
1
11
16
18
7
1
36
1
79
14
10
26
4
76
4
14
3G
50
29
1
73
90
1
4
18
3''
9
9
50
9
38
19
25
11
2
1
6
3°
...
10
41
36
13
6
9
73
6
36
22
4
317
174
14
3
21
4
25
3
3
297
2
o
1
46
5
3
18
44
45
14
57
32
2
20
31
27
9
8
8
0~
36
7
1
11
°3
31
6
14
21
3
10
8
4
22
114
251
11
33
7
oo
42
1
12
6
9
28
19
1
38
5
23
95
362
185
a
133
108
0
1
22
2
3
1
3
1C
1
46
250
12
78
3
1
8
27
1
4
15
63
i
6
1
2
14
8
18
41
3
21
1
32
1
20
118
231
20
o
5, 872
66
5, 029
52
3, 451
34
3, 7G4
41
4,817
52
4,563
43
4,602
124
40, 845
494
60
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE XL
Abstract of the Mortality in the General
YEAR.. .
1861.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
UNDER TREATMENT AT CLOSE OF MONTH
1, 44G.
l, G(i7.
1, 290.
1, 034.
2, 002.
LIST OF DISEASES.
j
Cases. : Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
1. Typhus Fever
1
44
1
7
1
71
84
13
97
1
8
0
15
3
5. Quotidian Intermittent Fever
(i. Tertian Intermittent Fever
o
1
4
1
1
1
2
8. Congestive Intermittent Fever
1
o
5
1
1
1
1
1
11. Acute Dysentery
2
g
1
13. Ervsipelas
14. Small-pox and Varioloid
4
3
3
1
7
3
9
6
16. Scarlet Fever
17. Mumps
1
18. Epidemic Catarrh
19 Debility
1
1
20. Other Diseases of this Order
1
ORDEII II. — Enthetic Diseases.
21. Syphilis
23. Orchitis
i
24. Stricture of the Urethra
i
25. Serpent Bite
2C. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER III.— Dietic Diseases.
27. Scurvy
28. Delirium Tremens
0
1
29. Inebriation
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
30. G out
31. Acute Rheumatism
32. Chronic Rheumatism
33. Anaemia
34. General Dropsy
35. Cancer
36. Tumors
37. Other Diseases of this Order
1
4
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
38. Consumption
3
3
o
10
39. Scrofula
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
40. Worms
'
Carried forward
31
73
107
124
131
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1BC2.
61
TABLE XI.
Hospitals of the Atlantic Region .
1861.
1869.
DECEMBER. JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JlTXTS.
TOTAL.
2, 177. 2, 836.
3, 937.
7, 127.
6, 870.
9, C81.
10,397. 4,285.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
i
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
1
3
4
5
C
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
SI
«.3
24
2G
£8
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
-10
1
83
10
1, 217
84
G8
44
98
102
244
209
3
C
6
6
4
7
3
17
1
3
3
10
23
23
23
9
5
ICO
Co
1
2
2
19
8
I
2
1
4
2
6
6
|
2
4
3
6
5
1
3
4
1
2
1
2C
2
o
1
19
3
1
1
13
2
22
20
7
"1
9
9
12
10
1
o
I
3
1
r
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
6
3
1
1
1
t
1
1
4
1
1
1
3
2
1
7
1
118
c
7
6
19
18
35
1
1^6
120
88
178
218
209 .
275
!
1,819
i
!
1
62
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XL— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION— Continued.
YEAR
1801
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEl'TEJIBEU.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
1,446.
l,CG7.
1, 290.
1, 634.
2, 062.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
31
73
107
124
131
CLASS IV. -LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
2
41. Apoplexy
42. Headache
43. Inflammation of Brain
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
2
1
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
|
ORDER III.— Diseases of Ear.
i . n amma on o
ro
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
motion of Tenc-mlmm
1
2
69* V Hcocele
V '
71 Oth TV f tl ' O 1
1
1
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
7° Asthma
1
1
1
1
2
3
o
o
1
1
9
1
10
1
3
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
1
85. Colic
87. Dyspepsia
39
85
115
143
148
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18(52.
TABLE XI.— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION— Continued.
1861.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
0, 177.
2, 836.
3, 937.
7, 127.
0, 870.
9, 981.
10, 397.
4, 285.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
41
42
43
-11
45
4G
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
.".-. /
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
tr,
>••
69
70
71
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
83
83
81
80
80
87
13G
129
£8
178
1
2-18
299
tVfK
1,819
9
3
1
2
1
1
0
3
1
1
1
1
2
9
8
3
o
20
1
2
1
5
1
2
1
1
1
7
2
1
1
4
G
7
1
1
1
3
1
5
2
8
1
2
1
3
1
1
1
II ""
1"
3
1
4
2
1
5
11
1
oo
15
2
3
1
5
4
1
2
6
li
1
1
4
1
3
3
3
oo
3
0
o
1*
12
230
33
6
0
1
38
6
3
4
43
8
1
15
30
oo
41
3
o
n
3
0
1
1
1
:
170
184
127
2G7
324
337
322
2,201
G4
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XL— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION— Concluded.
1861-
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
1, 446.
1, 667.
1, 290.
1, 634.
2, 062.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
>eaths.
1
Cases.
deaths.
Cases, j Deaths.
Br n ht forward
39
1
85
1
1
115
143
2
148
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
1
1
go piles
0
2
2
1
1
1
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
103 Inflammation of Bladder
104 Diabetes
1
108 Ilydrocelo and Haimatocele
110 Non-Syphilitic Ulcer of Penis
1
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
114. White Swelling
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
118. Whitlow
119 Boil
120. Skin Diseases
121. Ulcers
122. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
123. Burns
124. Concussion of Brain
125. Compression of Brain
1
126. Contusion
1
1
127. Fracture
1
1
2
3
128. Dislocation
129. Sprain
130. Incised Wounds
131. Contused and Lacerated Wounds
2
1
C
1
1
132. Punctured Wounds
1
9
133. Gunshot Wounds
G
1
6
3
134. Poisoning
135. Suicide .-.
1
136. Others of this Class
137. UNCLASSIFIED DISEASES
1
Total
50
102
130
157
158
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
G5
TABLE XI.— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION— Concluded.
1801.
18GJ2.
DECEMBER.
JAXUAUY.
FEBUUAUY.
MAUCII.
APIUU
MAT.
JiiSE. TOTAL.
2, 177.
2, 836.
3, 937.
7, 127.
6, 870.
P, 981.
:0,307.
4, 285.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
127
Cases, i Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
324
Coses.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
10G
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
170
184
3
1
267
337
322
2,261
11
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
2
1
i
1
2
1
2
12
1
7
5
2
1
o
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
4
4
22
1
1
3
3
1
o
2
1
1
1
0
1
1
27')
11
5
4G9
1
3
5
71
1
17
0
2
12
127
1
1
44
3')9
1
3
20
1
0
1
2
1
619
179
199
133
293
497
2,916
1
6G
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAK
1861.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH (not including Table ^i'l)
34, 521.
78, 089.
114, 998.
163, 192.
191, 883.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
D3aths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
7
74
118
98
138
176
1
300
355
773
1
77
0
10
54
614
483
1, 824
2 379
3
124
3
16
48
1,117
760
2, 616
3, 067
o 173
6
179
3
14
1
45
1,703
1,010
2, 623
2, 307
1 44*5
7
250
o
19
17
o
1 031
1 °T°
2
6
33
111
41
7, 702
248
977
81
80
5
597
3
160
92
112
107
6, t;34
3G1
1, 047
51
49
19
691
1
118
35
1
6
2
1
9
2
212
189
8, r,8i
348
i, :;85
92
98
36
900
2
125
321
1
1
o
3
1
4
4
4
1
11
3
1
7
5
191
7,098
280
1, 390
70
118
59
1, 654
8
190
fSJ
973
434
094
848
ir.3
20
5,061
130
5
o
1
19
*.8
540
23
o
48
24
318
o
3
8
3
1
17. Mumps
98
1
1
301
104
225
454
883
4°G
10. Debility
1
974
390
449
587
833
3G3
544
811
114
1
1
5
1 <
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
21. Syphilis
662
22. Gonorrhoea
281
49
5
877
136
13
23. Orchitis
101
37
24. Stricture of the Urethra
38
25. Serpent Bite
26. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
27. Scurvy
o
1°
24
48
29
2
8
32
36
7
1,506
877
5f)
18
52
1
1
28. Delirium Tremons..
31
38
1
337
217
69
1
940
616
83
3
3
2D. Inebriation
1
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
30. Gout
3
0 }(Jg
31. Acute Rheumatism
1,087
660
52
11
1
32
32. Chronic Rheumatism
1 510
33. Anaemia
3
6
1
10
93
30
7
47
15
1
34
11°
1
34. General Dropsy
17
1
39
182
85
30
16
12
33. Cancer
1
36. Tumors
37. Other Diseases of this Order
1
4
ICO
107
19
334
67
145
44
H6
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
•iH. Consumption
3
6
7
152
49
50
19
39. Scrofula
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
•10. Worms
8,643
42
18, 242
118
21, 766
180
27, 857
2G8
28, 556
394
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18GS.
67
TABLE XII.
of the Atlantic Region.
18G1.
18G2.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MAUCII.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
214, 903.
238, 144.
227, 184.
215, 479.
207, G98.
195, 399.
186, 885.
172, 305.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths.
1
3
4
5
<;
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1!)
20
*-3
24
07
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
3G
37
38
3'J
40
34
1,743
505
1, <J93
1, 565
1, 097
59
322
4 722
274
1,099
47
172
145
2, 179
43
248
1,315
1,010
49G
7G8
849
200
33
1
20
321
4
23
29
1.3G4
584
1, 349
948
C31
126
10
270
13
13
1,023
590
1,515
1,142
o
213
1
10
14
674
525
1, 139
730
7
193
3
13
GO
1,177
725
1, 759
1,371
12
301
6
12
30
1, 115
688
3,089
1 522
5
352
3
9
65
1, 395
790
2, 003
1 273
5
330
3
31
4CO
12, 359
7, 139
21,447
17,417
13, 387
1, 524
1,440
83, 8C4
4,575
10, 874
1,134
1,283
G75
10, 022
93
4, 249
6,026
10, 796
4,340
0,013
7 2G5
78
2,633
32
172
1
3
175
29
47
90
29
39
209
17°
7
2
2
37
12
3
580
600
116
41
5,714
203
1, 494
106
104
94
427
11
002
707
813
439
479
430
998
120
1
1,259
128
1, 456
153
70
11,314
1, 114
2 C>-4
1C8
125
05
1
248
125
o
o
10
fa
ll
15
2
54
144
3,744
287
981
40
121
82
1, 0.12
6
679
1,366
587
282
533
592
29
4
4
9
3
2G
32
18
173
4, 209
245
858
7G
142
112
1, 394
G
729
1, 348
705
359
635
27
25
1
5
1
4
1
24
20
4
4
70
9,797
528
2,421
74
123
48
510
3
660
319
891
360
378
22
2
10
10
2
o
29
7
2
53
9.3C8
557
2,358
^74
103
29
275
7
380
9
4
8
10
3
6
5
2
33
40
2
1
3
30
24
15
5
10
1
1
6
5
124
1
7
o
1
1
5
2
1,091
200
31°
5
1
1,733
415
334
470
2
1
2
703
173
477
129
334
109
154
119
oo
130
"7
1 547
22
°9
32
305
1
„
1
4
9
10
40
30
5
1, 792
1,666
51
34
1
31
160
187
40
43
15
14
36
54
9
1,579
1 229
42
1
1
27
20
70
4
1,414
1,003
24
15
155
22
44
7
1,535
1,107
36
18
1
106
10
42
2
1, 390
907
58
30
1
3
3
401
32
29
11
1,490
1, 099
49
30
rt
852
422
581
53
17,174
12, 512
242
14
353
1, 595
1, 559
402
037
6
21
12
2
1
00
100
1
1,938
1,612
67
20
1
33
90
170
43
rr>
4
4
o
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
o
1
1
o
6
8
11
4
2
1
3
2
28
o
27
•0
34
100
137
34
28
39
108
129
32
33
Pi)
85
106
34
1°G
°5°
1
229
3
19
25
27
153
40
10
38
1
31
o
27
98
24
29
23
!
25, 027
526
21, 210
408
18, 871
351
18, 621
339
26, 364
400
20, 494
4GG
30, 099
4G3
271, 750
4, 081
68
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XII.— ATLANTIC REGION— Continued.
YEAH
1801.
MONTH .
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEY\ STRENGTH, (not 'including Table *TI)
34, 521.
78, C89.
114, 998.
103, 192.
191, 883.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
8, G-13
1
100
7
21
31
3
1
13
89
42
1
18, 242
4
441
8
62
51
16
2
9
208
118
3
21, 766
52°
180
1
27, 857
19
388
3
G8
5
35
208
3
C8, 550
5
333
0
PG
394
2
1
1
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases, of Nervous System.
o
1
o
4
73
18
18
16
6
235
420
1
1
1
1
3
39
6
45
1
5
3
1
12
29
380
382
o
438
444
19
100
14
0
50 Toothache
104
7
37
371
11
76
4
6
11
1
I'll
1
1
3
2
13
89
5
1
93
9
1
2
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
4
3
2
18
3
303
51
10
o
11
f)
5G Ni°'ht Blindness
82
244
Gl
108
118
85
37J
Gl
IS
79
57
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
132
52
80
66
9
96
ro
01 Otorrhcea
^7
101
15
3
70
15
8
1
3
5
8
3
57
108
10
13
1
8
4
15
1
C2 Deafness
3
8
1
o
8
7
3
6
9
9
3
08
38
21
C5
679
63 Other Diseases of this Order
OIIDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
9
1
7
1
40
39
1
1
o
1
1
2
1
30
17
1°
25
35
79
1, 408
134
3,289
39
1
~
40
101
2,653
1GG
6,009
38
88
o
121
294
331
420
12
*
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
72. Asthma
7
247
31
550
43
553
149
1 051
1
4
130
1 602
10
18
1
30
G4
49
20
33
44
1
65
145
84
384
o
7
58
59
1
4
1
53
5
79, Inflammation of Larynx
1
3
7
2
1
37
130
1
88
200
208
278
3
294
o
1
10
3
3
8
184
477
1
335
578*
1 61')
1
1
82. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
173
210
G71
100
1
413
482
o
205
623
1
83. Colic
839
1 150
1,874
430
1 720
313
305
420
11 G22
G3
25, 240
149
30, 558
193
39, 275
303
44, 198
481
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G2.
69
TABLE XH.— ATLANTIC REGION— Continued.
18(31.
18OS.
«
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
214, 003.
238, 144.
227, 184.
215, 479.
207, G'J8.
195, 399.
180, 885.
172, 365.
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
08
59
CO
61
62
03
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
66
87
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
25, 027
8
486
4
C8
526
7
21, 210
15
474
14
104
3
29
17
20
4C8
7
18, 871
10
404
4
80
3
42
9
6
405
444
10
73
7
6
32
351
4
18, 621
357
11
62
4
22
14
28
339
5
2G, 364
6
510
7
rr-f
1
30
17
10
417
450
400
4
26, 494
6
427
406
4
30, 099
11
5-13
463
11
271, 750
116
4, 997
89
833
206
302
111
331
4, 273
4,081
5°
1
41
19
7
5
57
1
3
2
6
4
3
1
10
4
7
1
9
57
36
13
<iqo
o
1
o
1
1
9
55
54
17
6
131
379
439
3
1
2G
9
_1
460
603
20
78
8
4
23
3
523
113
152
112
87
9
5
1
8
1
9
1
3
9
10
431
412
19
83
7
7
33
4
500
CG
128
419
316
21
59
7
5
16
3
4°4
359
4,750
195
919
94
52
197
CO
4 159
1
0
1
1
6
10
42
3
0
8
6
431
69
70
80
85
12
10
19
1
86
13
3
1
103
15
o
5
14
18
307
40
62
46
40
00
18
0
5
493
80
116
99
64
86
42
55
790
1,105
875
907
178
96
20
110
71
105
35
658
513
535
856
17, 883
2,401
52, 785
288
709
15
1,605
2,900
4,483
4,002
77
2,608
7,110
16, 655
4, 175
47
38
45
111
119
19
5
84
15
5G
11
6
3
8
8
11
0
15
6
0
5
10
1
11
7
17
16
5
3
14
7
13
1
60
48
80
99
2,916
428
10, 079
23
63
1
3
2
9
10
19
1
10
4
17
55
60
4G
126
2,887
382
8, 102
32
74
0
210
324
545
628
13
141
682
1, 653
419
44, 402
3
18
12
26
4
35
10
8
23
14
43
60
98
GO
1, 100
287
4 040
o
11
5
17
4
100
66
37
79
405
83
1,382
38
65
o
4
3
2
3
1
2
1
1
4
2
4°
GO
49
29
2
14
1
1
61
81
2,430
319
8 185
2
38
54
1,744
161
6 073
5
1
C
3
1
1
7
4
42
56
541
131
2,041
5
o
23
4
48
0.1
1
1
10
3
oo
40
602
88
8
12
o
9
6
1
5
6
1
1
1
6
61
1
326
371
864
454
8
86
416
1,386
402
20
47
71
4
97
285
480
238
4
187
607
1,399
399
16
52
1
63
230
244
224
10
257
4
56
5
2
4
0
62
6
o
3
323
414
817
556
13
86
499
1,520
427
1
o
124
3
o
3
8
108
13
1
223
*-.'o
549
196
6
92
477
1,046
253
1
1G
79
14
2
2
27
3
1
oo
193
128
121
5
399
933
1,194
317
1
31
4
91
8
1
2
1
3
1
1
1
1, 4','3
334
1
673
42, 322
660
36, 955
52G
32, 075
510
38,558
594
34, 910
530
38,061
538
418,176 5,220
70
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XII.— ATLANTIC REGION— Concluded.
1861.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
34, 521.
78, 089.
114, 9S8.
163, 192.
191, 8S3.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
11,622
15
29
4
1
ICO
8
10
55
12
63
1
25, 240
43
90
38
149
2
30, 558
33
72
26
193
o
39, 275
26
110
16
7
303
5
2
44, 198
166
11
16
374
70
24
^71
481
7
1
OttDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
. n am , i
12
16
244
41
31
145
207
33
10
7
501
1
17
4
5
51
40
17
12
264
59
52
1
76
160
46
18
23
0
1
187
005
13
7
8
409
534
6
8
1
574
35
0
2
3
1
131
3
5
6
11
9
753
427
7
28
4
17
8
n ammn ion o ^ or
309
1
3
1
0
306
2
o
353
11
11
7
8
36
38
1
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
1
1
1
10
43
1
50
16
1
67
15
nma ion o t ' le
1
5
13
32
1
13
' SJ r°Cj
8
31
55
16
5
7
40
40
14
4
5
16
40
65
5
18
8
20
1
1
75
3
1
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
113 Exostosis
3
114 'White Swelling
17
8
279
118
124
1
109
14
36
114
181
93
95
21
16
350
141
CO
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
333
114
77
OOQ
75
118 Whitlow
60
266
110 Boil .
232
260
274
229
217
224
246
1
249
324
121 Ulcers - - -
. .
293
162
122 Other Diseases of this Order
177
3G
8
238
28
03
100
108
69
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
123 Burns
44
7
7
347
60
19
37
1
440
72
42
124. Concussion of Brain
1
1
o
1
1
3
3
1
540
60
34
2
1
1
3
1
142
17
4
40
155
1
1
1
127. Fracture
1
1
128 Dislocation
129. Sprain
80
138
191
256
210
41
213
277
130. Incised Wounds
201
214
234
'61
125
15
1
0
277
218
71
181
13
1
o
29
131. Contused and Lacerated Wounds
141
51
159
17
148
40
107
15
1
o
22
1
1
5
3
o
28
132 Punctured Wounds
58
1
1
1
3
54
2
3
2
6
135. Suicide
1
3
1
14
136 Others of this Class
1<§
281
151
502
152
425
201
509
207
429
137 UNCLASSIFIED DISEASES
5
Total
14, 205 132
30, 015
195
35, 619
244
45, 417 402
51, 217
561
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G2.
71
TABLE XII.— ATLANTIC REGION— Concluded.
1861.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
214, 903.
238, 144.
227, 184.
215, 479.
207, 698.
195, 399.
186, S85.
172, 365.
68
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
10!'
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
12G
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. ! Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
44, 402
43
251
21
11
438
75
58
256
508
14
9
953
557
5
24
16
14
66
50
10
10
13
53
3
3
10
7
457
103
334
269
257
68
64
1]
1
590
99
53
306
351
392
75
162
673
5
1
42, 322
62
126
26
660
7
2
36, 955
35
106
12
526
5
32, 075
13
93
27
510
o
2
38, 558
36
161
24
594
o
3
34, 910
20
213
27
4
304
174
29
186
499
16
10
345
530
1
38, 061
47
171
528
2
418, 176
405
1,588
254
128
3,693
915
506
2, 3<:8
5,004
214
158
£8
7,521
5,172
53
249
85
111
599
474
187
5,220
42
14
1
13
385
6
311
63
30
174
476
10
36
1,228
510
3
25
5
G
15
11
312
16
397
129
63
304
634
30
7
18
260
343
5
34
8
18
87
45
29
7
17
44
o
1
306
50
71
194
417
19
3
97
43
277
570
10
19
9
3
1
1
97
46
189
456
14
12
15
1
1
1
9
7
3
9
2
1
1
1
1
2
3
2
3
2
11
9
947
292
7
16
6
15
3
4
5
4
43
1,193
1
1
6
713
381
2
19
11
6
48
34
18
4
13
43
1
1
5
20
3
649
1
29
5
20
1
1
319
3
1
2
1
5
1
1
1
6
9
1
43
32
25
1
48
50
10
5
47
32
19
4
22
48
14
3
14
1
1
1
1
1
77 I
250
595
65
67
76
140
3, 519
957
928
19
72
8
7
5
6
33
o
1
45
1
1
2
8
5
3
8
9
255
58
85
4
4
11
18
198
70
48
190
6
5
7
2
15
7
3
6
343
1
9
366
63
81
236
15
1
314
56
81
205
293
1
68
77
148
239
£8
66
170
301
279
216
2 605
312
286
115
96
7
1
540
80
61
280
26'i
033
291
3,053
2, 796
1,331
638
73
25
4,612
747
371
0 OO|
1
2
196
C8
200
62
1
174
73
45
7
1
219
106
26
14
o
354
SO
18
118
230
398
395
4, £83
°0
125
71
3
4
416
68
45
77
4
1
3!:8
70
91
1
1
8
10
16
26
1
o
1
1
7
4
339
1
1
1
...
1
11
3
1
3
268 '
4
3
55
29
1
48 i 2
oo
208
286
9"4
169
290
216
61
505
13
148
22!)
371
342
69
130
26
245
269
58
691
10
1
2
16
1
1, 042
3,107
3, 093
1, 013
9,163
176
5
44
9
11
23
31
249
3
1
246
38
155
3
7
1
20
o
3
1
18
2
1
118
279
53
11
5
26
2
1
1
9
25
o
165
1
596
3
4
40
203
442
196
252
221
3rQ
>JO
148
12
34
160 5
305 58
228
120 2 2, US
2r7 CS 4,308
19
52, 2!)2
739
49, 999
735 43, 590
603 i 38,305
747
44, 609
802
42,136 1,196 j 48,808 1,669 • 496,212 8,025
SICKNESS, ETC., DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18S2. 73
CENTRAL REGION.
The reports from the Central Region aro consolidated into statistical tables for six
departments, as follows:
1. The Department of Western Virginia Table XIII.
2. The Department of the Cumberland - . Table XIV.
3. The Department of the Tennessee Table XV.
4. The Department of the Gulf . Table XVI.
5. The Department of the Northwest . Table XVII.
6. The Department of the Missouri Table XVIII.
To these arc added—
7. A table showing the mortality in the general hospitals of the
Central Region . Table XIX.
8. A consolidated table for the Central Region Table XX.
1. THE DEPARTMENT OF WESTERN VIRGINIA — TABLE XIII.
This table includes the reports received from troops in the States of Virginia and
Maryland, west of the Department of the Shcnandoah. Until September 19, 1861,
Western Virginia was embraced in the Department of the Ohio under the command of
General G. B. McClellan, who, in the latter part of July, was succeeded by General W.
S. Rosccrans. Subsequently the table includes the Department of Western Virginia and
the Mountain Department.
September 19th the Department of Western Virginia was created by General Orders,
Xo. 80, to consist of so much of Virginia as lies west of the Blue Ridge Mountains,
General Rosecrans to command.
January 23, 1862, the western slope of the Alleghany Mountains was declared to be
the eastern boundary. March 3, 1862, the eastern limits were extended to embrace the
valleys of the south branch of the Potomac and the Cow Pasture branch of the James
river, the Valley of the James river to the Balcony Falls, the Valley of the Roanoke west
of the Blue Ridge, and the New River Valley.
March 15, 1862, the Department of Western Virginia was merged into the Mountain
Department, which was created by the President's War Order No. 3, March 11, 1862, to
consist of the country west of the Department of the Potomac and cast of the Department
of the Mississippi; General J. C. Fremont to command. The eastern boundary of the
Department of the Mississippi was by the same order declared to be a line drawn north
and south through Knoxville, Tennessee.
June 8, 1862, the Mountain Department was extended eastward to the road running
from Williamsport to Martinsburg, Winchester, Strasburg, llarrisonburg and Staunton,
10
74 SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
including that place; thence in the same direction southward until it reaches the Blue
O 1
.Ridge chain of mountains; thence with the line of the Blue Ridge to the southern
boundary of the State of Virginia.
May 2-ith, General Fremont was ordered to cross into the Shenandoah Valley, and
did so, with the greater part of his force, which still remained in the valley at the close
of the fiscal year.
The most important engagements were those at Rich Mountain, July 11, 1861, at
Carnifcx Ferry, September 10, 1861, and at Cross-Keys, June 8, 1862.
2. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND — TABLE XIV.
This table includes the reports received from troops operating in Kentucky and
Tennessee cast of the Tennessee river, and from the army under General Buell known as
the Army of the Ohio.
The Department of the Cumberland was created by General Orders, No. 57, August
15, 1861, to consist of the States of Kentucky and Tennessee, General R. Anderson to
command. November 9th it was discontinued, the region being merged into the Depart
ments of the Missouri and the Ohio. As, however, it was reestablished in October, 1862,
and continued throughout the war, the designation, Department of the Cumberland, has
been retained for the table. The first reports received are for October, and represent
troops in the Department of the Cumberland as above described. November 9, 1861,
that portion of the State of Kentucky cast of the Cumberland river and the State of
Tennessee were added to the Department of the Ohio, General D. C. Buell to command.
The Department of the Ohio at this time embraced, besides the State of Ohio, Michigan
and Indiana, which, however, are not included in Table XIV. March 11, 1862, the Depart
ment of the Ohio was discontinued, and all of it west of a line running north and south
of Knoxville, Tennessee, was added to the Department of the Mississippi, created by the
President's War Order No. 3, General II. W. Halleck to command; nevertheless, for
statistical reasons, the table continues to include the Army of the Ohio and the stations
east of the Cumberland river.
The most important movement during the year was that of the Army of the Ohio
southward in the spring of 1862. Nashville, Tennessee, was occupied towards the close
of February, and the main body reached Pittsburg Landing on April 5th, and participated
next day in the battle of Shiloh. The Army of the Ohio was engaged in the subsequent
operations which terminated in the surrender of Corinth, May 30th. After this it marched
into northern Alabama, whither, after the occupation of Nashville, the division under
General Mitchell had already proceeded, and subsequently into southern Tennessee.
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862. 75
3. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE — TABLE XV.
The Department of the Tennessee was not created until October, 18G2; the name,
however, has been used in this table to designate the troops within the limits assigned to
the Department of the Tennessee in General Orders, No. 159, October 16, 1862, by
which the Department was made to include Cairo, Forts Henry and Donelson, northern
Mississippi, and the portion of Kentucky and Tennessee lying wrcst of the Tennessee
river.
The troops in this region formed a part of the Western Department from July 3 to
November 9, 1861. From November 9 to March 11, 1862, they were included in the
Department of Missouri, and subsequently in the Department of the Mississippi.
In July, 1861. the principal station was Cairo, Illinois, and its vicinity; subsequently
Paducah and Smithland, Kentucky, were occupied. In the beginning of February. 1862,
the Army of the Tennessee, under the command of General Grant, ascended the Tennessee
river on transports to Fort Henry, Tennessee. After the surrender of Fort Henry,
February 6th, and of Fort Donelson, February 16th, the troops were moved on transports
up the Tennessee river to Pittsburg Landing, near which the battle of Shiloh was fought
April 6th and 7th. On the latter day the Army of the Ohio under General Buell
participated in the conflict.
Subsequently to the battle of Shiloh the movement towards Corinth, Mississippi, took
place, terminating in the siege of that place and its evacuation by the Rebel army, May
29th. During the operations before Corinth the Army of the Tennessee formed the right,
the Army of the Ohio the centre, and the Army of the Mississippi the left of the besieging
force; the whole being under the command of General II. "W. Ilallcck. The Army of the
Mississippi, under the command of General John Pope, had been organized in Missouri,
and made the campaign which resulted in the capture of New Madrid, Missouri, and
Island No. 10, in the Mississippi river. After the battle of Shiloh it was brought on
transports to join the forces before Corinth, arriving in the latter part of April. The
reports from this Army prior to April are consolidated in the Department of the Missouri.
Subsequently to the evacuation of Corinth the Army of the Ohio moved to the cast,
as already shown. The Army of the Mississippi, however, remained cooperating with the
Army of the Tennessee. The reports from the Army of the Mississippi for April, May,
and June, are, therefore, included in this table.
The most important engagement in this Department, besides those already mentioned,
was that at Belmont, Missouri, November 7, 1861, in which an expeditionary force from
Cairo under command of General Grant participated.
76 SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
4. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF — TABLE XVI.
In this table arc included tlic reports received from Fort Pickens and Santa Rosa
Island, Florida, Ship Island, Mississippi, and the expeditionary force under General B. F.
Butler, which occupied New Orleans.
The Department of the Gulf was created by General Orders, No. 20, February 23,
1862, to consist of all the coast of the Gulf of Mexico west of Pensacola Harbor, and so
much of the Gulf States as should be occupied by the forces under General B. F. Butler.
March 15, 1862, the State of Florida was transferred to the Department of the South.
In these statistical tables, however, the plan has been pursued of including the east coast
of Florida, Key West, and Tortngas, with the Department of the South, while Fort
Pickens and Santa Rosa Island are embraced in the Department of the Gulf.
The table includes simply the troops at Fort Pickens and Santa Rosa Island until the
close of February, 1862. A brigade of General Butler's expedition reached Ship Island
in December, 1861, but March is the first month represented in the reports. Durino-
March and the early part of April additional troops arrived at Ship Island, and soon after
the joint military and naval expedition sailed from that point, which, after the reduction
of Forts St. Philip and Jackson, occupied New Orleans, May 1, 1862. A part of the
expeditionary force subsequently occupied Baton Rouge and advanced as far as the
neighborhood of Vicksburg.
5. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST — TABLE XVII.
This Department was created by General Orders, No. 128, September 7, 1862, to
consist of the States of Wisconsin, Iowa, Minnesota, and the Territories of Nebraska and
Dakota. The designation is o.pplied in the table to the same geographical limits, with the
exception of the State of Wisconsin. It embraces, therefore, all the region between the
Mississippi river and the Rocky Mountains north of Missouri and Kansas. This region
formed part of the Western Department until November 9, 1861 ; then of the Department
of the Missouri, until March 11. 1862, after which it became a portion of the Department
of the Mississippi.
6. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI — TABLE XVIII.
This table embraces the reports received from troops in Missouri and Kansas, and
from the Army of the Southwest under General S. R. Curtis, which during the latter part
of the year was operating in Arkansas.
Missouri and Kansas formed part of the Western Department from July 3 to Novem
ber 9, 1861, when the Department of the Missouri and the Department of Kansas were
created by General Orders, No. 97.
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G2. 77
The Department of Kansas was to consist of the State of Kansas, the Indian Terri
tory west of Arkansas, and the Territories of Nebraska, Colorado, and Dakota. March
11, 1862, it was merged into the Department of the Mississippi.
The Department of the Missouri consisted of the States of Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota,
Wisconsin, Illinois, Arkansas, and that portion of Kentucky west of the Cumberland
river. March 11, 1862, it also was merged into the Department of the Mississippi.
The Department of the Missouri was reestablished September 19, 1862, with
boundaries essentially the same as were assigned to it in the preparation of the present
table.
Among the military movements during the year within these boundaries, that of
General Fremont to Springfield in October, 1861, and the campaigns of Generals Curtis
and Pope during the first six months of 1862, may be particularly mentioned. General
Curtis with the Army of the Southwest moved during the latter part of January to Holla,
and thence to Lebanon. From Lebanon he advanced to Springfield, crossed into Arkansas
February 18th, fought the battle of Pea fridge March 7th and 8th, and subsequently
inarched through the State to Helena, on the Mississippi river.
General Pope with the Army of the Mississippi moved from Commerce in the latter
part of February towards New Madrid, which was evacuated by the enemy March 14th;
he next operated against Island No. 10, which was evacuated April 8th. Later in April
the greater part of his forces were sent on transports to join in the operations against
Corinth. The reports from these troops for April, May, and June, 1862. arc consolidated
with the Department of the Tennessee, as has been already explained.
78
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XIII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
1861.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
16, 139.
10, 377.
25, 047.
22, 602.
25, 516.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
3
212
102
32
24
755
252
443
253
o
54
„' ^yTP '
5
7
128
206
l^S
34
32
2
12
589
350
63C
416
229
35
1
1
^P
189
135
366
352
123
1
/ ^e ' _
o. Quoti la
28
o
191
-Tertian n er •
4
1
969
5
320
80
29
1,028
34
1
1,142
13
5
960
119
266
32
4
643
47
205
36
1
3
1
' C . '
177
515
54
10
1
175
1G9
493
44
1
2
' r° °
4
0
1
2
' •_
1
17
1
15
' J * .
r' ^f™11 ^°X a
300
107
1
15
130
160
42
44
62
36
45
' P . p ,
107
53
56
51
04
7
14
134
56
69
49
14
3
60
2
21
C2
37
6
32
31
15
116
80
48
90
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
13
2
15
4
r' ot?*01^' f th* O d
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
2
2
3
9
3
G
3
1
5
218
112
o
^
2
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDEK I. — Diathetic Diseases.
30 (jout
1
234
67
32
80
90
4
2
226
143
9
6
150
5
3
'
4
8
v p6
1
3
3
23
2
8
1
11
40
10
1
39
35
7
3
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
5
C
5
1
2
39 Scrofula
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
40 Worms
2
2,408
1
1,849
6
4,166
19
5,089
42
4,283
CO
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18C2.
79
TABLE XIII.
of tJic Department of Western Virginia.
1861.
1862.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
29, £87.
17, 223.
17, 711.
19, 973.
23, 081.
18, 056.
21, 529.
20, 045.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1G
17
18
19
"20
21
23
24
26
cyy
28
A.9
30
31
32
33
34
35
37
38
39
40
18
494
126
264
189
170
1
8
1, 149
188
138
28
15
1
44
6
140
28
6
88
1
13
91
2, 700
1,091
2, 500
2, 202
1 °77
4
232
1
7
1
16
116
8
133
21
93
55
1G5
108
18
107
59
327
130
122
9
3
66
SO
1
48
08
CO
81
153
47
103
1
1
50
52
68
3
55
6
145
65
10,126
1, 075
2, f 20
249
177
3
2 054
14
1 345
o
1
4 65
15
C80
87
130
3
1
1,257
CO
"80
9
1
3
10
1
2
621
571
45
1
641
1
89
71
1
44
07
C
39
106
9
103
13
]0
14
20
13
18
2'3
1
0
329
2
131
12
0
172
12
«->88
37
109
1
317
304
89
4
1
36
17
1
62
1
242
91
93
14
Gl
13
3
26
111
2L5
234
123
110
307
38
G
25
188
51
1
26
1 "88
74
2
48
38
14
1
62
84
4
1°
891
239
393
C02
1
1
6
6
11
2
51
9
1
38
40
37
1
40
13
1
26
188
18
2
3
2
1
1
1
4
2
11
19
3
9
1
5
1
11
01
20
29
9
1, 719
1, CSO
40
44
o
1
1
1
1
o
1
1
1%
140
8
4
144
1GO
94
68
129
138
]05
3
119
59
104
184
7
3
3
117
3
9
0
1
o
1
1
4
7
17
7
1
1
0
2
7
19
3
3
„
16
£2 ''
237
53
25
9
28
4
1
2
30
7
1
4
7
1
1
22
5
3
,
3
8
1
6
1
19
1
1
o
301
4,008
50
2,008
28
1,896
23
2, 436
71
2,783
27
1, 762 16
2,896
12
35,584
80
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XIII.— DEPARTMENT OF WESTERN VIRGINIA— Continued.
YE AH
1801.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
KOVEMIJER.
10, 139.
10, 377.
25, 047.
22, 002.
25, 510.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
forward
2,408
1
1,849
C
4,100
1
83
19
5,089
42
4,283
CO
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
22
32
30
19
1
6
1
11
3
3
1
3
1
0
10
qP ^ ^i-
4G In^ nit ' '
10
o
1
4
t f Af f B-'
* * 1 .
1
58
1
31
11
6
41
ao
4
54
f '
64
41
o
i, l ^
54
50
1
19
2
51* P 1 '
2
5
•-o on ^ir f ti "- o d
11
14
13
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
1
54 C
" « t" f I "
1
1
1
40
1
13
9
11
50
15
49
13
13
o
34
9
1
1
3
5
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
C
6
8
5
11
2
3
3
1
1
1
3
1
o
3
1
5
1
63 Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
1
3
1
3
4
1
o
1
3
5
5
o
11
24
2
12
9
C
8
5
130
5
3
C
04
32
ORDER Y. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
72 Asthma
1
43
24
12
1
88
4
143
4
4
G4
15
17
1, 0!>2
005
76. Haemorrhage from Nose
3
3
4
17
4
3
9
78 Dropsy of Chest
1
16
31
G
7
18
23
7
7
31
57
10
o
24
10
47
12
2
10
70
°74
2
10
17
129
29
1
1
0
o
1
2
8
1
82 Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
83 Abdominal Dropsy.
07
53
29
°0
21
85. Colic
27
04
189
1
53
205
109
99
23
01
33
45
30,10
, t!nA
2
2, 530
9
5,843
23
0,073
50
0,294
69
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
81
TABLE XIII.— DEPARTMENT OF WESTERN VIRGINIA— Continued.
18(31.
1869.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MAUCU.
AriiiL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
29, 887.
17, 223.
17,711.
19, 973.
23, 081.
18, 656.
21, 529.
20, 045.
41
42
43
44
45
40
47
48
40
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
C6
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
80
87
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths.
4,008
56
2,008
1
22
28
1
1,896
4
8
3
2,436
1
39
1
8
4
2
71
1
2,783
27
1,702
16
2,896
1
51
12
35,584
8
457
4
71
O"?
40
3
20
504
459
16
J44
3
4
9
1
544
71
91
69
57
17
32
6
7
8
9
5
55
1C8
30
67
1,388
239
7, 898
301
5
54
1
7
63
28
1
1
1
o
1
1
o
1
6
9
3
4
5
2
5
1
5
4
o
1
1
1
3
67
43
1
2
7
48
44
1
8
1
2
50
45
1
25
1
65
27
28
13
4
13
14
31
1
30
1
1
3
12
7
1
1
9
3
1
1
2
1
4
1
1
41
45
10
1
8
3
2
33
32
58
11
11
9
5
1
82
42
9
7
7
1
8
7
3
5
15
4
3
3
10
5
4
7
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
4
6
1
3
101
23
1
1
1
o
6
0
7
9
209
48
1,452
o
3
3
10
2
7
1
11
1
11
212
*^O
783
1
4
2
3
60
10
331
10
18
1
3
26
10
92
1
4
203
12
897
1
11
2
3
1
1
2
15
741
3
10
1
11
228
580
1
8
1
11
1
80
1
60
38
103
26
2
0
55
220
51
1
24
28
77
31
4
°0
26
1
48
63
109
6
13
23
8
20
232
314
797
225
7
221
4
18
o
2
68
38
1
0
8
102
49
11
12
34
7
3
17
4
1
76
6
1
1
3
32
6
20
24
38
249
23
45
42
28
200
°'J4
1
697
1 152
2
94
°9
1°4
119
17
44
41
OT
4:u
6, 641
80
3,195
41
3,250
37
4,138
91
4,716
39
2,587
19
3, 072
14
53,C£7
474
11
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XIII.— DEPARTMENT OF WESTERN VIRGINIA— Concluded.
YEAR -
1801.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
16, 139.
10, 377.
25, 047.
22, 602.
25, 516.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
3,242
13
2
2,536
2
3
3
9
5,843
9
9
1
1
31
1
7
63
7
o
23
1
6,673
o
14
2
o
50
6,294
1
6
69
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
6
2
90 Fistula
go piles
9
16
8
4
16
2
1
1
28
7
1
45
00
1
o
10
16
15
35
62
1
1
16
5
3
1
45
27
5
1
1
71
8
1
4
41
19
3
1
26
28
2
1
62
101 Other Diseases of this Order
1
8
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
102 Stone and Gravel
103 Inflammation of Bladder
6
104 Diabetes
1
5
2
1
1
7
106 Difficulty of Urination
3
4
9
1
1
3
108. Hydrocele and Htbmatocele
109. Sarcocele
1
1
9
110 Non-Syphilitic Ulcer of Penis
1
2
1
6
11
3
1
2
3
111. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
112. Anchylosis
113. Exostosis
1
1
3
114. White Swelling
1
1
32
115. Necrosis
3
38
6
12
3
29
1
oo
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
116. Abscess
°9
117. Carbuncle
1
7
7
13
13
11
4
1
1
1
10
37
31
8
o
118. Whitlow
2
11
24
18
1
7
3
3
18
5
3
17
4
26
13
47
2
3
7
7
18
1
3
119. Boil
17
04
120. Skin Diseases
121. Ulcers
31
122. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
123. Burns
6
4
1
70
124. Concussion of Brain
1
125. Compression of Brain
o
126. Contusion
1
15
4
4
17
4
10
17
18
21
1
6
3
13
1
127. Fracture
128. Dislocation
8
27
129. Sprain
130. Incised Wounds
18
25
16
13
6
46
131. Contused and Lacerated Wounds
1
4
8
27
L
132. Punctured Wounds
1
123
3
1
25
3
76
1
133. Gunshot Wounds
11
10
12
4
134. Poisoning
135. Suicide
1
3
1
i
136. Others of this Class
29
10
7
14
18
30
23
37
20
16
6
137. UNCLASSIFIED DISEASES
5
1
Total
3, 6G4
15
2,841
25
6,578
51
7,196
69
6, 804
81
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
83
TABLE XIII.— DEPARTMENT OF WESTERN VIRGINIA— Concluded.
18(>1.
isoj>.
DECEMBEU.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
29, 887.
17, 223.
17, 711.
19, 973.
23, 081.
18, G5G.
2] , 529.
20, 645.
88
89
CO
91
92
93
94
90
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
10G
107
108
101)
Cases.
Deaths, j Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. : Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
G, G41
5
9
1
80
3,195
6
2
1
41
1
3,250
1
9
5
37
4,138
3
7
3
91
1
4,716
2
8
o
39
]
2,587
19
3,972
14
53, C87
41
94
474
4
o
2
11
1
10
1
o
5
2G3
33
1 12
1°
14
2
2
50
88
28
17
4
5
6
31
41
7
23
7
1
41
174
3
5
9
22
42
71
37G
882
9
65
4
S°5
5
33
116
2
1
0
1
25
24
1
177
113
1
81
1
13
25
1
10
1
1
19
29
1
3
1
176
48
1G2
34
65
6
113
50
J18
C8
27
10
1
1
1
1
o
1
1
335
8
26
C
1
4
1
1
4
2
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
2
3
6
34
31
8
9
17
33
17
16
1
]5
279
o
I
2
1
1
3
3
4
2
1
3
3
7
2
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
iiO
111
112
113
114
115
110
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
2
4
1
2
4
3
4
3
1
20
1
9
6
39
19
18
10
1
20
0
4
11
1
0
1
12
oo
18 .
2
1
26
2
9
13
7
12
3
15
14
C8
84
259
1
4
30
14
3
6
9
3
17
24
3
19
7
25
17
1
1
25
249
50
C2
7
314
70
2
7
2
9
1
3
3
4
o
1
31
8
8
12
13
24
2
92
1
17
3
1
9
4
17
1
26
17
4
2
4
8
11
30
4
28
5
o
25
22
3
3
4
18
4
85
1
217
o
47
103
6
10
10
o
17
31
7
32
7
87
1
119
2S1
52
7G2
11
1
13
8
10
2
11
4
3
24
17
184
1
4
15
14
1
32
5
1
10
7
1
1
1
53
1
1
1
1
11
87
10
4
46
8
192
4
3
C,
6
3
16
6
4,521
1
1
155
499
3
o
7,469
121
3,759
51
3,830
42
4,918
104
5,324
44
3,140
84
48 i 00,044
7o5
84
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XIV
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
1801.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
17, 953.
22, 203.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
6
77
42
3
21G
24
3
14
„' ^^ S. ' ,
]0
^I r. l T7>
124
508
1
C57
578
5
r' G . °
j. yuotu lan no
304
325
11
15
1, 4G2
53
o
1
2
. ODg-ebtnc
1,337
' .
(53
328
2
379
24
10
4
1,077
1
' J y
11
14' S JS11 and Varioloid
1
,.' ma P
140
'
17
2G
152
50
80
Cl
14
71
99
12
F • • r
87
7
57
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
100
9
1
•"• ' Y ! TV f th' O 1
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
2
6
1
18
19
1
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
30 Gout
123
158
92
3
1
C5
14
1
A
0
6
7
13
OKDEn II. — Tubercular Diseases.
3
3
CLASS 111. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
9
3,735
13
5,531
28
1
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G2.
85
TABLE XIV.
of the Department of the Cumberland.
1861.
18G2.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUXE.
TOTAL.
21, 905.
32, 4G3.
2G, OG9.
25, 4G6.
58, 429.
C3, 297.
57, fc'22.
3G, 512.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
' Cases. Deaths.
1
0
3
4
5
G
7
8
9
]0
11
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
24
25
2G
*-7
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
30
37
38
39
40
4
25G
90
544
453
354
9
42
1,679
123
457
27
23
10
900
4
42
18
558
11G
523
381
413
5
47
16
282
54
354
319
143
3
11
1,839
77
294
18
11
0
£02
2
54
46
414
247
722
733
1
54
4
20
552
2G7
1,063
811
480
76
38
4, 451
728
597
40
49
11
45
1
78
4
5
113
2, 8G4
1, 179
5,249
4, 747
2 964
16
3G7
9
25
1
188
100
343
278
23
321
919
C86
3G3
117
47
3,064
610
321
G9
38
8
9
45
1
1
1
11
1
1
115
4G7
52
10
10
2,973
24
314
194
24, 807
2, 492
4,029
350
229
51
3,330
4
2 471
3
o
4
1
1
1
1
9
2,100
127
419
18
1G
1
164
3
4
1
20
5,902
540
794
84
49
11
135
o
9
4
9
1
G
4
1
5
3
3
32
30
15
G
5
5
32
1
1
171
370
40
12
G
1
1
1
3
10
4
C58
1
1
2
3
4
1
118
364
126
7
Go
149
17
589
108
2G3
oog
G3G
19
399
156
7
478
121
, 14
33
1GO
78
35
71
38
£0
949
2,173
608
583
1,135
310
12
5
8G
10G
3G
GO
29
519
100
73
01
0
3
428
112
85
14G
50
1
•
5
1
C3
85
304
Gl
3
1
1
76
115
39
1
55
7
o
7
12
o
176
159
21
2
3
10
1
7
19
1
4
3
7
173
7
1
1
1
33
3
1
21
1
4
1
75
C3
60
21
o
4
1
1
1
1
1
380
204
202
38't
374
342
47
45
°5°
2,227
1, 601
285
174
10
42
86
190
57
1
1
1
o
100
86
37
22
311
71
1
236
1
18
9
7
36
o
51
10
5
5
13
13
9
7
2
5
27
10
13
5
9
8
5G
o
14
14
40
7
19
7
9
32
8
12
5
14
1
2
4
0
1
31
11
71
6
1
2
16
192
118
G, 211
7!)
8,488
72
4, G89
70
4, 901
40
12,685
101
11,482
8,490
70
66, 245
591
86
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XIV.— DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND— Continued.
1861.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
17, 953.
22, 203.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
f rd
3,735
13
5,531
28
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
P ^ " y
53
15
f B '
o
8
o
4
1
J f f M b f Brain
' " anlma 10
9
8
66
50
' g".
54
45
2
8
12
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
r f j .
1
1
90
5
9
4
3
1
101
15
9
7
4
3
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
61 Otorrhcea
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
f F
2
1
o
4
1
3
10
375
1
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
72 Asthma
7
124
20
17
825
75 OUarrh
519
2
7
3
9
1
78 Dropsy of Chest
21
°7
28
23
40
6
26
1
1
135
19
12
8
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
83. Abdominal Dropsy
59
44
173
105
i ;
41
40
j
1
5,097
15
7,502
41
i
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18(52.
87
TABLE XIV.— DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND— Continued.
18(31.
1809.
DECEMIiEIl.
JANUARY.
FEUUUAUJT.
MARCH.
Al'KlL.
MAT.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
24,905.
32, 463.
26, OG9.
25, 4G6.
58, 429.
63, 297.
57, 822.
3G, 512.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
|
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
41
42
43
44
45
4G
47
48
49
50
5L
52
53
5-1
55
5G
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
73
74
75
7G
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
65
80
87
0,211
1
5G
3
9
79
1
8,488
3
31
1
15
72
2
4,689
1
70
1
4,904
40
12,685
4
108
3
13
101
1
11, 482
1
185
118
1
8,490
4
150
70
4
CG, 245
16
656
17
87
35
40
20
72
1 006
591
10
35
2
4
1
4
1
2
74
73
1
7
1
1
1
1
3
4
2
3
1
3
15
9
9
6
o
o
9
4
15
23
3
3
12
1
0
4
00
1
3
4
58
6G
3
2
1
1
11
3
6
189
161
1G
7
o
1
3
1
7
120
119
1
1
o
1
83
189
108
7
34
o
173
75
1
10
1
1
5
98
801
£8
122
6
7
14
1G
3
2
4
13
1
3
20
1
4
7
1
140
C
29
19
15
5
1
1
6
172
o
1
1
89
3
8
1,080
87
185
132
134
25
103
' 20
16
9
128
12
102
155
7
42
17
38
20
13
20
40
4
21
8
5
15
3
3
12
1
33
21
•
1
15
8
1
1
1
o
2
7
12
18
9
79
64
40
91
2 959
489
9,318
48
76
1
296
2
o
1
2
1
2
1
1
4
o
o
1
1
8
4
1
1
1
1
4
3
358
23
1
1
1
o
5
3
14
19
3
200
1
1
*
7
3
11
11
GG3
22
1,414
1
5
13
3
4
19
464
39
2 250
11
7
6
10
275
148
1 109
21
5
6
8
376
57
21
1
3
3
11
124
1
6
1
5
1
1
1
0
2
1
1
9G
514
67
554
953
1, 060
1
1
18
1
5
1
53
13
<)
14
10
13
8
1
1
5
3
1
1
14
47
205
4G
45
108
228
69
3
30
99
308
65
34
25
47
112
28
1
16
56
199
57
1
19
2
49
189
19
1
18
88
1
14
1
126
34G
11
3
89
4G
88
38
8
192
219
594
1,644
299
2G
3
129
8
10
2
40
214
34
9
108
28G
12
1
9
1
17
7G
24!)
52
2
1
oo
1
1
514
1,2-19
2,432
4
1
8°
896
orw
194
60
289
534
47
]20
61
]12
618
9,589
97
12, 728
96
7,072
99
7,434
65
16, 463
155
14, 392
145
11, 378
93
91,715
60G
88
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OP WHITE TKOOPS
TABLE XIV.— DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND— Concluded.
1801.
MO\TII .
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
17, 953.
22, 203.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
htf
5,097
25
6
15
1
7,562
27
4
3
3
22
41.
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
'
1
1
92 Piles
10
1
19
5
4
7
2°
04 ThUte- T fl f f I/ -
1
' „ rOD1C
11
1
4
9
T>
2
1
85
n TDflam f TP '1
50
12
o
24
g
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
3
1
4
104 Diabetes
1
1
7
1
7
o
2
5
1
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
113 Exostosis
114 White Swelling
1
4
4
39
1
1C
03
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
17
8
9
16
27
21
118 Whitlow
119 Boil
39
121. Ulcers
38
122 Other Diseases of this Order
3
4
4
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
123 Burns
9
124. Concussion of Brain
1
125. Compression of Brain
126. Contusion
71
7
2
13
18
19
23
24
31
5
6
16
21
1
127. Fracture
128. Dislocation
129. Sprain
130. Incised Wounds
131. Contused and Lacerated Wounds
132. Punctured Wounds
1
1
8
15
0
133. Gunshot Wounds
4
2
134. Poisoning
135. Suicide
1
136. Others of this Class
2
1
41
137. UNCLASSIFIED DISEASES
1
Total
5,606
22
8,152
51
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1802.
89
TABLE XIV.— DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND— Concluded.
18G1.
18(39.
DECEMBEH.
JAXUART.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
BUY.
JUNE.
[
TOTAL.
24,905.
32, 463.
26, 069.
25, 46G.
58, 429.
C3, 297.
57,822.
36, 512.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
08
9!)
ICO
101
102
103
104
103
106
107
108
10!)
110
111
112
113
114
115
llfi
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
12G
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
9,583
15
19
97
12, 728
13
9
3
5
96
^
1
7,072
5
99
1
7,434
9
8
3
65
1
16, 463
C
11
7
3
134
35
49
155
14, 302
5
42
13
145
2
1
11, 378
14
23
5
1
119
41
38
51
93
01,715
126
127
43
13
591
164
118
257
see
6
6
2
1
1
41
9
1
120
37
13
56
601
5
5
1
119
44
41
9
11
*. t
44
{)
CS
23
1
1
3
1
17
211
35
171
4
1
1
177
37
3
12
1
10
304
4
10
2
35
1
756
13
3
314
3
2
2,434
34
24
21
1,048
291
14
60
10
9
94
194
14
7
°5
6
1
0
<)
3
3
13G
4
4
179
34
3
9
2
1-20
95
81
56
1
6
o
2
1
56
1
4
1
..
1
14
1
3
4
10
:
1
3
16
43
3
o
o
7
38
o
9
4
O"7
2G
20
32
"3
0
3
2
9
5
2
3
o
1
1
;
4
3
2
64
13
13
52
109
35
16
o
8
1
3
3
o
6
1
3
1
34
13
7
24
12
436
74
94
200
653
239
14
99
9
17
420
117
43
167
262
472
109
2,154
12
I
o
1
6
1
1
1
1
79
15
4
1
48
8
10
1
51
3
78
11
(i
14
53
36
20
3
5
40
1
1
G
60
11
1
1
1
1
14
21
13
18
59
9
63
5
3
10
34
135
35
1C8
29
1
1
1
1
°9
4
10
1
16
5
o
8
o
1
15
2
50
1]
10
36
3
6
18
26
14
5
12
1
42
34
5
1
9
15
3
6
27
67
51
62
I
1
9
4
°9
4
3
12
1
6
33
34
34
241
43
1,690
]
1
46
13
C
10
1
1
25
28
1
1
8
39
54
10
142
31
4
17
1
357
3
3
6
no
1
7
65
9
48
5
3
1
1
7
1
o
300
29
17
1
1
2
25
27
17
86
10
34
1
3
3
12
19
148
2 18
15 114
8
28
1
8 j
124
511
2
7
10, 431
104
13, 8-18 105 7, 768
107
8,296
71
20. CG8
488 16, 244
195
12,736 122 103,769 ! 1,265
90
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XV.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1801.
MONTII
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
6, 277.
6, 103.
8, 323.
14, 325.
15,238.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDEK I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
1 Typhus Fever
3
33
15
2
7
3
17
37
202
1
6
10
70
7
395
C40
3C8
4
10
7
140
14
384
1,153
0
21
101
16
239
98°
16
176
307
158
2
3
1
513
275
592
277
7
7
634
83
34
4
1,331
48
202
12
152
90
4
1,020
109
21
20
1
7
1 122
2
3
3
1,319
271
387
26
234
2
5
2
13
3
1
2
1
8
1
1
10
129
o
49
110
3
0
1
5
42
46
84
1
320
1
13
5
501
10
204
6
16 Scarlet Fever
14
27
00
55
20
18 Epidemic Catarrh
1
99
42
19. Debility
20 Other Diseases of this Order
33
8
21
25
8
1
130
29
220
105
10
9
1
1
114
80
14
34
5
i
ORDEK II. — Enthetic Diseases.
21 Syphilis . . ..'...
10
13
8
1
18
20
23. Orchitis
7
1
25. Serpent Bite
20. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
27. Scurvy
15
3
5
1
9
1
8
6
7
29. Inebriation
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
30. Gout
31. Acute Rheumatism
42
3
7
1
23
10
3
1
53
30
101
49
o
112
(>2
33. Anaemia
34. General Dropsy
6
1
3
35. Cancer
36. Tumors
1
6
12
37. Other Diseases of thi« Order
2
7
1
3
2
1
1
22
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
38. Consumption
9
2
5
1
0
1
3
39. Scrofula
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
40. Worms
9
Carried forward
1,729
13
2,775
10
3,994
28
5,083
CO
3,895
40
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
91
TABLE XV.
of the Department of Tennessee.
18G1.
1869.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
!
TOTAL.
22, 108.
8, 786.
9, 683.
8, C82.
68, 966.
76, 448.
G'6, 042.
25, t65.
1
3
4
5
(i
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
100
44
232
825
311
0:5
• 8
1, OJ3
178
207
33
29
18
515
261
968
1,312
884
185
2
82
5
6
1
17
777
383
1,606
1,343
1,307
64
128
7,084
1,760
1,240
206
82
32
114
5
171
96
590
260
38
119
28
6
128
3
6
1
6
504
278
1,574
1, 273
1 0°8
o
76
5
9
1
71
2,365
1,053
6,071
8,664
5,396
923
3C8
27, 413
5, G45
4,413
524
557
215
2,032
1 °35
17
302
13
31
6
31
68
3
7
14
14
74
99
44
29
3
20
1
119
119
106
23
5
3
82
88
46
25
1
1
1
1
1
17
14
9
3
168
72
5, 617
1,187
587
53
65
11
2
98
1
55
56
5J
45
7
5
14
42
3
6
2
4
1
2
1
425
1
6
804
269
1
1
68
6,733
1,645
995
64
74
76
163
14
14
19
8
13
11
17
3
271
15
18
1
98
124
146
84
7
4
72
4
82
13
16
149
12
23
58
1
2
1
1
7
4
2
3
o
244
5
8
161
20
20G
34
41
68
14
1
129
84
379
12
2!)0
89
615
140
33
62
27
4
o
528
33
1
19
113
21
59
71
361
148
54
106
38
4
6
2
8
4
1
2,531
907
275
632
194
19
4
17
7
2
1
8
29
9
28
1
19
18
1
1
1
I
4
3
3
1
5
1
6
10
9
40
11
23
41
7
4
5
350
259
129
2
1
49
45
14
1,970
1*207
211
3
6
501
315
38
3
450
375
71
67
2
1
13
64
18
222
112
5
5
1
1
10
8
3
2
1
40
19
36
20
I
40
13
3
5
1
70
100
208
1
1
29
4
13
134
233
43
44
3
3
1
2
10
1
1
8
43
50
5
3
1
1
58
11
23
5
7
4
24
1
1
1
4, 251
ro
1,469
18
1,313
10
2,070
10
16,116
177
18, 599
205
14,457
157
76rf351
791
SICKNESS AND MOETALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE XV.— DEPARTMENT OF TENNESSEE— Continued.
YEAR .
1801.
llOVTII
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEl'TEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
C, 277.
0, 103.
8, 323.
14, 325.
15, 238.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1,729
13
2,775
10
3,994
*»o
5,683
3
9
3
4
CO
2
3,895
1
18
1
4
40
1
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
37
11
1
2
1
1
44 F VI
o
3
1
1
3
o
2
1
1
3
42
1
1
30
49 Neuralgia
18
47
23
18
17
1
50 Toothache
8
go
47
5
4
16
9
3
1
1
8
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye,.
1
1
44
11
3
5
o
3
34
2
47
3g
58 Other Diseases of this Order
2
8
5
3
3
11
13
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
1
3
1
•>
8
2
1
61. Otorrhosa
02 Deafness - - -
2
63 Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
65. Inflammation of Heart
66. Inflammation of Endocardium
1
r>
07. Inflammation of Pericardium
1
1
G8. Inflammation of Veins
3
2
2
69. Varicoccle
1
4
1
1
4
3
4
o
70. Varicose Veins
71. Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
1
61
7
74
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
72. Asthma
7
113
14
290
73. Acute Bronchitis
49
24
1
175
1
74. Chronic Bronchitis
7
18
75. Catarrh
30
543
3
5
1
3
23
59
16
1
4
114
17
70. Haemorrhage from Nose
o
77. Haemorrhage from Lungs
7
4
2
78. Dropsy of Chest
1
79. Inflammation of Larynx
2
14
7
14
5
1°
80. Inflammation of Pleura
8
2
2
11
04
81. Inflammation of Lungs
33
1
4
10
82. Other Diseases of this Order
6
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
83. Abdominal Dropsy
84. Cholera Morbus
7
31
DO
8
2,176
7
15
9
or)
15
46
°OG
2
85. Colic
1
1
86. Constipation
13^
108
87. Dyspepsia
3
9
16
13
3,091
10
4,494
28
6,618
73
5, 152
58
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
93
TABLE XV.— DEPARTMENT OF TENNESSEE— Continued.
1861.
1869.
DECEMIJEK.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
22, 108.
8, 78G.
9, C83.
8, 082.
C8, DCG.
76, 448.
U6, 042.
25, 865.
41
42
43
44
45
4G
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
CO
Cl
62
03
G4
65
GG
G7
C8
G9
70
71
70
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
62
83
84
85
8G
87
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths, i Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases, j Deaths.
1
Cases.
Deaths.
791
22
4,251
1
9
3
10
G3
1
1,469
18
1,313
1
4
5
2
10
2,070
10
16,116
5
77
3
17
3
15
177
3
18, 599
8
152
205
8
14,457
8
135
157
7
7G, 351
27
4G7
99
71
70
19
132
882
769
45
J93
10
4
11
12
1,088
92
223
7
1
1
7
3
1
4
1
1
1
3
5
20
30
15
0
1
3
15
3
6
33
35
13
7
GG
215
202
1
1
71
91
3
18
1
1
o
1
1
3
19
200
2
4
G
35
0
11
2
1G
32
50
oJ
17
32
1G7
12G
21
139
8
*»J
1
1
1
9
43
2
1
5
15
1
4
14
3
1
1
1
44
6
o
1
1
,
3
3
199
5
38
17
14
1
200
i-26
7
2G
8
22
9
21
°4
40
251
33
53
25
48
3
31
1
o
18
49
27
11
G
9
9
10
0
116
loo
4
19
5
9
1
3
1
3
21
2
8
10
29G
25
4
4
C
1
3
44
5
12
10
16
6
88
34
48
69
1,449
333
4,919
1
3
o
1
5
7
o
3
187
32
805
o
34
9
GO
134
24
o
15
50
205
51
2
1
4
1
19
8
8
23
1
1
2
1
3
8
1
1
1
o
2
1
1
2
6
1
5
13
5
3
21
7
1"
1
2
2
]
7
1
1
1
48
1C
4G1
9
157
59
47G
4
8
o
1
0
1
1
49
]3
1
51
239
89
533
1
4
°G5
G7
9GG
3
15
458
1
7
14
1
1
1
1
92
5
146
597
1,456
239
27
1
1
3
o
109
-
]
5
5
13
87
G
1
6
13
145
47
194
459
30
1
98
2GO
345
51
20
141
272
80
16
169
1
1
1G
1
38
112
152
33
7
209
353
535
78
1
14
9
1
95
5
22
3
22
3
9
1
1
4
35
8
10
4°
0
542
1,240
2 372
420
4
1
3
14
1
39G
442
174
1
4
•5
2,124
(i, 313
83 2, 338
47
19
2,747
25 19,846
214
22,500
248
17, 640
191
i 95, 039
1,009
94
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XV.— DEPARTMENT OF TENNESSEE— Concluded.
1861.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
6, 277.
6, 103.
8, 323.
14, 325.
15, 238.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
2,176
13
3,091
2
5
10
4,494
28
6,618
1
1°
73
5,152
16
3
1
58
1
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
4
7
2
1
27
52
o
7
3
13
91
13
123
1
4
43
27
35
19
17
210
4
1
7
173
1
o
o
o
5
1
1
pE i
.
. 11 amma i
3
12
20
1
o
10
21
32
9
29
10
4
58
1G2
1
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
one ,n <r
1
1 ru' TV hT"8 10" °
1
1
6
11
ft-' T ' f I' '
1
3
3
4
1
3
4
4
9
1
1
3
1
1
2
1
8
6
OEDEE VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
1
1
1
1
2
15
OEDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
18
18
4
15
8
3
118 Whitlow
1
14
3
4
6
4
5
7
15
119 Boil -
1
19
24
7
5
32
10
13
11
61
23
1521 Ulcers
22
11
1
1°2 Other Diseases of this Order
5
1
7
4
28
11
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
oncussi°; ^
2
31
9
30
3
1
10
1
9
1
3
o
19
5
1
0
4
10
13
6
3
2
1
1
6
13
9
4
11
10
6
9
4
6
5
8
16
67
7
167
5
' P 1JSG T"VV
2
\
4
1
1
4
10G
6
4
G
6
39
7
7
G
2
7
Total
2,484
13
3,401
13
5,033
31
7,208
83
5,941
70
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G2.
TABLE XV.— DEPARTMENT OF TENNESSEE— Concluded.
1861.
1862.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
Arrai,.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
22, 108.
8, 780.
9, CSS.
8, 082.
08, 9CC.
70, 448.
GO, 042. 25, PCS.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. ; Deaths. Cases. IDea'.bs.
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
SS
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
IOC
107
108
109
LiO
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
12(i
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
13-1
135
136
137
(i, 313
5
10
83
2,338
3
1
47
1
2 124
1
19
2,747
1
13
1
25
1
19, S4G
42
7
214
3
1
22, 500
U2
1C2
8
3
239
248
2
17, G40
09
90
3
191
1
95, 039
239
349
8
071
COG
20C
378
1,804
54
31
no
572
1,000
9
1
o
47
34
7
8
8
1
14
15
] 50
119
93
50
113
G4
73
88
305
11
14
8
J39
137
87
G7
95
i
9
9
9
1
1
3
29
185
3
2
74
10
4
1
1
2
49
10
1G
474
333
12
C
8
1
1
13
10
101
119
1
1
20
1
3
3
08
19
33
1
00
07
7~
o
1
3
1
023
0
30
18
11
CO
125
05
9
17
45
15
7
0
21
357
70
74
101
500
3
1
1
14
C
8
4
5
o
13
48
2
1
8
14
0
3
11
47
4
1
5
24
6
3
3
19
3
1
3
10
4
3
o
0
0
3
8
1
4
5
2
1
3
2
2
18
9
15
25
34
29
2
5
o
9
C8
19
0
135
25
6
5
1
1
30
10
3
4
49
9
14
20
G7
43
G
9
0
12
17
21
s>
4
7
3
43
110
50
7
18
4
1
104
1C
31
13
35
91
41
22
5
205
CO
50
18
8
300
109
37
120
154
737
102
4, 238
55
2
1
1
14
3
1
34
20
4
17
17
36
12
43
18
1
1
1
1
4
2
1
4
2
1
1
44
10
9
15
20
14
4
21
2
0
3
1
3
8
o
60
3G
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
10
1
3
14
3
4
o
11
41
118
51
281
12
23
3
290
3
437
5
G
45
8
7
C53
1
3
13
73
10
3, 3'J5
10
1
524
1
1
0
49
1
9
4
C3
2
G
1
1
4
13
147
7
2
18
10
1
5
1
50
107
103
3
3
51
02
545
558
1
1
7, 253
80
2,010
55
2,015
68
2,901
29
25, 504
804
25, 308
317
19, 400 215
109, 784
1,804
96
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XVI.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1861.
MONTH ..
JULY.
AUC.L'ST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
1, 401.
1,341.
1, 293.
1, 298.
l, 3C3.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDEK I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
2. Typhoid Fever
1
1
3
1
2
2
1
5
]
6
3
1
31
10
52
34
9
10
8
5
11
8. Congestive Intermittent Fever
9. Acute Diarrhoea
241
173
107
59
39
6
13
4
44
2
56
33
35
2
1
1
13. Erysipelas
1
14. Small-pox and Varioloid
15. Measles
16. Scarlet Fever
17. Mumps
1
1
18. Epidemic Catarrh
19. Debility
15
13
3
o
2
20. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
21. Syphilis
7
6
8
6
22. Gonorrhoea
23. Orchitis
3
24. Stricture of the Urethra
25. Serpent Bite
26. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
27. Scurvy
3
6
18
2
28. Delirium Tremens
29. Inebriation
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
30. Gout
31. Acute Rheumatism
40
4
40
1
23
16
10
3
32. Chronic Rheumatism
33. Anajmia
2
34. General Dropsy
35. Cancer
36. Tumors
1
1
37. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
38. Consumption
3
1
o
39. Scrofula
2
1
375
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
40. "Worms
409
2
1
236
2
152
3
87
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1802.
07
TABLE XVI.
of the Department of the Gulf.
18G1.
18057.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
1, 965.
1, 302.
1, 278.
8, 870.
13, 323.
14, 557.
13, 822.
5, 151.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
24
25
26
27
29
30
31
3—
33
34
35
30
37
38
39
40
CO
84
208
128
OQ,|
6
27
00
256
504
345
711
fi
59
1
3
1
5
13
2
30
7
37
38
55
58
16
6
79
171
S5
184
12
1
01
47
32
1
-'
7
4
1
1
55
l°l
208
oo
7
13
1,906
101
386
5
3
10
30
2, 375
139
60
11
3
5
281
2
1, 314
1
3
2
17
CO
< 6,535
312
1,539
44
26
3
00
23
2
3
15
3
1
17
7
4
12
11
1
1
3
28
1
1C
91
6
5
1
18
34
744
14
0
11
1
1
1
10
2
1
\
1
\
°7
1C5
60
21
'->?.-,
9
1
14
330
9
33
49
17
1
"
23
681
49
119
142
81
4
4
64
1
33
16
3
116
17
16
39
40
1
331
oo
1
1
2
1
1
2
20
25
16
1
1
1
o
44
1
1
o
77
4
5
3
4
14
1
11
3
1
3
48
35
102
92
143
0
7
1
3
64
100
50
7
521
502
63
17
1
3
1
159
1
3
o
2
o
8
41
115
O
3
1
27
11
68
o
15
1
1
1
15
1
1
6
11
1
78
1
81
42
3
858
13
3,112
21
3,793
26
4,428
C>3
13, 051
133
13
98
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XVI.— DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF— Continued.
YEAB .
1861.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
ME \\ STBEXGTH
1, 401.
1, 341.
1, 293.
1, 298.
1, 363.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Brou -lit forward
409
375
1
23G
o
152
3
87
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDEII I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
°3
17
37
7
9
f B '
44 E ile s -
1
8
20
G
G
4
8
2
1
4
3
51 Paralysis
1
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
53. Amaurosis
3
4
f T '
1
1
3
4
G
1°
2
3
2
4
3
1
G
o
1
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
12
4
8
o
1
1
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
f IT t
2
1
1
1
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
72 Asthma
1
0
1
2
20
10
8
11
1C
37
1
1
10
30
o
3
o
1
2
2
9
1
1
9
9
ORDER VL — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
4
25
4
23
1
8
4
85 Colic
10
7
GG
53
2G
5
G33
3
544
1
412
2
211
3
154
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1802.
TABLE XVI.-DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF-Continued.
1801.
1HGQ.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBUUAKY.
MAKCH.
A run..
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
1, 9G5.
1,302.
1, 278.
8, 870.
13, 323.
14, 557.
13,822.
5, 151.
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
'48
49
50
51
JX>
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
P6
87
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
78
1
81
42
3
858
1
28
13
2
3,112
1
39
1
3, 793
1
°8
26
1
4,428
4
110
63
4
13, C51
7
305
1
14
43
2
135
-
5
0
1
1
1
1
4
3
3
fi
5
34
o
3
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
12
37
60
3
16
1
42
°9
142
241
5
40
15
1
20
7i!
46
1
13
1
2
1
8
0
1
2
1
3
3
19
1
9
27
8
39
108
30
32
38
20
4
7
1
7
o
2
1
67
20
21
85
328
178
13
26
3
1
17
2
3
10
4
10
8
1
-
3
8
2
9
1
7
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
28
4
14
10
103
43
°5
11
5
1
3
43
65
4
1
1
70
16
116
7
4
8
67
53
1
1
•
3
1
20
1
o
261
190
168
PCS
5
36
C
13
9
7
o
2
45
5
28
23
1
4
14
13
41
6
10
13
15
CO
Cl
P8
97
4
34
7
1
1
4
2
1
4
1
0
3
1
3
11
8
'-
4
40
181
209
27
55
44
C2
191
34
148
400
730
60
4
1
1
1
7
36
1
69
1
1
137
21
121
1
98
1
55
4
1,298
19
4,337
27
4,740
32
5,411
85
18,014
IT.a
100
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XVI.— DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF— Concluded.
YE VK -
1861.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
1, 401.
1, 341.
1, 293.
1, 298.
1, OC3.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
633
6
6
3
544
6
1
412
11
6
2
211
3
154
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
o
9
7
3
3
3
romc n amma
3
1
'
9
4
7
16
8
6
o
4
8
7
ORDEU VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs,
1
TOR rrffl" ™enCf ,r • t-
1
fl'CU ^ ° f K
1
Q II
"_ ° „ .
1
m nth* TV ll ° /th^o <i
OBDEK VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
114 White Swelling
ORDER IX.— Diseases of Integumentary System.
2
o
P8 Whitlow
5
18
2
7
8
4
3
1
23
5
11') Boil
18
6
8
o
1
1
4
4
6
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
03
16
1
15
4
5
1
120 S run
2
1
1
2
1
40
1
2
14
2
7
10
4
3
1
10
2
135 Suicide .
1% Others of this Class
5
10
5
63
18
4
8
Total -
8^7
3
C61
1
506
o
292
13
213
8
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
101
TABLE XVI.— DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF-Concluded.
1861.
1809.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MAUCII.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUKE.
TOTAL.
1, 965.
1,302.
l, 278.
8, 870.
13,323.
14, 557.
13, 822.
5, 151.
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
123
120
127
128
129
ir,o
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths .
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
c .. |
Deaths.
121
1
98
1
55
4
1,298
19
4,337
3
9
1
27
4,740
7
15
4
1
33
32
5,411
17
11
85
18,014
50
54
9
9
178
5
3
1
1
1
1
59
3
4
8
1
17
3
43
24
5
34
12
14
8
33
18
2
1
104
18
34
0
1
114
100
5
3
1
1
1
1
1
9
8
13
3
39
19
0
82
44
20
09
37
1
3
46
171
3
9
4
°5
4
o
1
g
')
3
12
20
18
13
1
1
1
6
8
4
39
32
7
13
17
2
1
1
. 7
3
1
1
0
G
2
9
1
12
1
1
3
0
1
1
1
1
3
36
6
24
3
41
6
3
15
1
40
o
1
1
10
1
131
19
18
149
30
78
1
5
1
4
34
o
15
1
1
11
6
1
11
6
1
30
16
G
6
1
5
3
4
3
16
3
8
5
23
117
14
3
32
72
1
2
1
o
7
11
9
1
3
5
14
1
6
2
1
1
1
2
4
2
13
4
4
3
25
9
87
G
4
o
1
2
1
6
J9
|
1
5
9
1
6
6
29
17
1.77
9
1
4
9
5
il
173
122
1
61
4
1,467
21
4,797
31 5, 168
34
6,002
08
20,309
218 !
!
102
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE XVII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
1861.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
l, 090.
983.
934.
696.
079.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER L — Miasmatic Diseases.
1
1
2. Typhoid Fever
1
o
2
1
4
]
2
1
1
1
0
1
1
2
5. Quotidian Intermittent Fever
6. Tertian Intermittent Fever
7. Quartan Intermittent Fever
8. Congestive Intermittent Fever
36
52
21
2
17
1
6
12
1
1
10
9
1
11. Acute Dysentery.
11
12. Chronic Dysentery
13. Erysipelas -
14. Small-pox iind Varioloid
15. Measles
16. Scarlet Fever
2
1
17. Mumps
18. Epidemic Catarrh
19. Debility
1
1
1
1
1
20. Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
3
1
OEDEK II. — Enthetic Diseases.
21 Syphilis
2
4
2
4
2
23 Orchitis
24 Stricture of the Urethra. . .
26. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IIL — Dietic Diseases.
27. Scurvy
28. Delirium Tremens
1
4
9
6
1
CLASS IK— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER L — Diathctic Diseases.
30. Goat
31. Acute Rheumatism
4
3
8
1
o
3
o
32. Chronic Rheumatism
3
33. AnflRmia
34. General Dropsy
36. Tumors
37. Other Diseases of this Order
1
ORDEB II. — Tubercular Diseases.
38. Consumption
1
39. Scrofula
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
40. Worms
76
93
1
47
41
°7
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
103
TABLE XVIL
of the Department of the Northwest.
1801.
18(33.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
895.
1, 934.
2, 023.
2, 014.
1, G18.
9G5.
1, 04G.
1, 240.
1
3
4
5
G
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1C
17
18
19
CO
21
22
23
24
25
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
3G
37
38
39
40
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
3
1
5
8
1
270
3°1
0
1
4
1
1
10
11
21
211
9
4
10
4
7
4
4
9
1
2
303
8
14
7
83
135
24
5
472
125
11
5
208
1
1
4
* 9
C
79
1
1
G
1
1
22
1
1
1
1
105
G
1
1
2
10
1
1
63
4
18
o
2
1
4
1
1
1
O"V
33
52
1
137
3
;
36
54
55
29
1
1
15
1
20
1
1
27
1
1
17
12
0
3
1
1
3
2
10
3
4
1
27
1
2
2
19
1
1
o
2
3
30
7
1
•
1
3
2
1
1
1
o
3
8
4
3
9
19
7
1
13
9
9
1
1
4
6
83
40
1
4
il
1
7
1
1
10
4
5
1
1
3-2
112
147
1
221
2
1,041
3
59
1
92
1
I,!**1
'.»
104
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE XVII.— DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST— Continued.
YE All
1801.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
ME w STKEXGTU
1, 090.
983.
934.
696.
679.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
76
93
1
47
41
"7
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
r *J y
1
4
1
o
47. Inflammation of Membranes of Brain
48. Xostalgia
3
3
4
5
2
1
4
50 Toothache
0
52. Other Diseases of this Order
1
ORDEK II. — Diseases of Eye.
*
57 Ophthalmia
10
1
1
1
10
5
1
2
3
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
1
2
1
1
61 Otorrhcea
6° Deafness
63 Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
68. Inflammation of Veins
70. Varicose Veins
71. Other Diseases of this Order
1
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
72. A sthma
1
2
1
73. Acute Bronchitis
74. Chronic Bronchitis
75. Catarrh
13
15
11
18
30
76. Haemorrhage from Nose
77. Haemorrhage from Lungs
78. Dropsy of Chest
79. Inflammation of Larynx
1
80. Inflammation of Pleura
2
2
81. Inflammation of Lungs
1
3
o
82. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
83. Abdominal Dropsy
84. Cholera Morbus
3
7
3
30
8
00
1
85. Colic
6
9
4
8G. Constipation
87. Dyspepsia
4
0
4
1
3
1
Carried forward
134
184
1
97
80
72
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
105
TABLE XVII.— DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST— Continued.
1861.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JAM'AUY.
FKIJRUAKY.
JlAUCII.
APRIL.
HAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
895.
1,934.
2, 023.
2, 014.
1,618.
965.
1,04(5. 1,240.
1
Cases. Deaths. Cases.
i !
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
41
42
43
44
45
40
47
48
19
50
51
53
54
55
5?
53
50
GO
01
62
63
64
(iG
C7
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
7(5
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
8."
8(
87
32
112
i
2
147
1
221
o
1, Oil
3
59
1
92
1
1,968
1
15
9
1
1
2
o
A
1
1 1
2
1
5
1
1
1
1
28
10
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
3
6
2
1
1
1
1
I
4
1
G
! j
3
4
15
C9
6
IG
<>.)
10
10
1
9
3
2
1
7
7
5
1
10
1
8
1
3
3
2
1
1
]
2
1
. |i
|l
i
1
2
-
48
5
11
34
3
12
11
20
1
2
C9
66
1
67
189
39
28
579
1
1
o
3
3
10
1
3
1
33
1
3
3
1
53
31
0
11
o
3
8
C7
100
11
1
3!>
16
117
40
a, y*>
6
1
1
1
1
ori
3
20
1
10
1
7
' 3
135
o
4
1
14:"
1
2
5
G
1, 383
4
3
1
18
9fi
1
252
o
307
1
378
5
14
106
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE XVII.— DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST— Concluded.
1861.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
1, 090.
983.
934.
C96.
(!79.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
134
184
1
97
80
7°
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
' "
4
3
6
5
2
1
1
I
1
1
5
2
2
101 Other Diseases of Ihis Order
2
3
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
10° Stone and Gravel
1
104 Diabetes
106 Difficulty of Urination
1
1
/
109. Sarcocele
110. Non-Syphilitic Ulcer of Penis
111. Other Diseases of this Order
1
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
114. White Swelling
115. Necrosis
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
110. Abscess
2
2
4
2
2
117. Carbuncle
118. Whitlow
1
2
o
2
1
1
5
1
2
1
2
1
no. r.oii
4
120. Skin Diseases
1
1
1
0
122. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
1"3 Burns
1
1
1
1
!
12
7
6
1
9
7
127 Fracture
1
128. Dislocation
129 Sprain
3
4
7
C
1
2
1
1
o
130. Incised Wounds
C
1
1
6
132. Punctured Wounds
1
1
0
1
133. Suicide
13G Others of this Class
1
6
1
3
3
6
1
1
3
137 UNCLASSIFIED DISEYSES .
4
Total
190
1
228
1
138
1
115
H 2
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G2.
TABLE XVII.— DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST— Concluded.
107
18(>1.
181 W.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
Al'RIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
805.
1, 934.
2, 023.
2, 014.
1, 618.
965.
1, 046.
1, 240.
88
8!)
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
T03
104
105
106
107
108
109
no
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
96
T
252
1
10
o
307
1
3
1
378
5
1,382
4
135
3
149
1
3, 2GO
o
30
1
18
2
1
0
1
1
2
3
1
1
2
7
5
3
5
3
3
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
3
15
9
0
6
5
5
4
3
0
12
28
o
3
1
7
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
]
8
3
3
3
3
3
35
1
1
1
1
1
7
°2
0
4
1
3
4
10
1
4
5
4
1
2
38
13
13
7
1
4
1
1
o
3
1
1
3
1
7
3
3
1
1
4
4
o
1
1
1
3
1
64
5
4
39
13
3
3
1
1
5
1
3
1
1
3
1
4
1
1
4
I
4
3
3
1
6
1
1
1
16
20
1
1
136
1
324
2
361
1
410
5
1,422
4
J63
3
172
1
3,771
20
108
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XVIII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
1861.
JULY.
AUGUST.
^SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
4, 425.
5, 426. G, 078.
24, 513.
30, 398.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
o
19
77
59
336
C05
05
5
4
4
1
1
o
1"5
85
353
1, 005
703
1
11
5
152
115
426
003
510
110
11
1,428
247
249
90
21
1
1,109
1
51
1
31
4
1
10
7
01
253
22
10
17
373
435
.
o
1
5. Quotidian Intermittent Fever
4°
1
8
20
8
18
543
IOC
7
349
153
2
17
1,083
300
304
43
7
2
1
5
4
2
.
770
5
142
22
84
2
1
1
1
IT* A' r n
1
•
4
3
2
14
1
4
1
37
' • .
' J" , *
11
355
o
9
18
5
19
17
5
31
5
6
3
20 !
.
110
77
8
49
93
13
212
19
6
10
42
4
1
17
13
18
36
1
G9
10
47
112
12
1
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
23 Orchitis
25. Serpent Bite
1
26 Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER III.— Dietic Diseases.
27. Scurvy
11
3
2
1
1
7
1
1
3
28. Delirium Tremens
6
3
3
100
86
8
8
29. Inebriation
2
2
23
1
1
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
30. Gout
31. Acule Rheumatism
49
6
37
20
81
37
7
3
32. Chronic Rheumatism
18
33. Ansemia
34. General Dropsy
1
35. Cancer
36. Tumors
1
8
12
o
37. Other Diseases of this Order
3
4
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
38. Consumption
1
3
4
5
3
1
3
3
39. Scrofula
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
40. Worms
1
Carried forward
1,080
1,988
1
2,033
18
5, 191
40
5, 830
08
DURING THE YEAE ENDING JUNE 30, 18G2.
109
TABLE XVIII.
of the Department of Missouri.
1861.
1802.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
31, 104.
•JO 0"R
»J~, J«>U.
25, 313.
27, 139.
16, 503.
15, 248.
15, G42. I 19,500.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
9
Cases.
Deaths.
1
3
4
5
G
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
11
15
16
17
18
1!)
20
21
^3
24
25
20
O*7
28
30
31
32
33
34
35
30
37
38
3!)
40
0
21 a
150
435
C03
299
38
14
1,206
259
205
50
77
28
1,305
3
185
(il
387
451
410
50
3
20
1
1
140
44
333
313
208
00
9
15
24
143
10
247
383
353
6
19
12
112
51
8
C
90
58
155
387
77
8
7
287
1
22
3
27
79
1,291
084
3, C79
5,487
2,991
490
155
9,729
1,532
1,994
280
295
192
4,005
7
l,C7i
29
103
9
12
5
7
24
1
1
4
3
154
282
07
103
1
o
389
107
119
4
10
330
20
154
20
1
1
1
1
1
4
4
0
1
3
1
1
18
1, 750
342
181
28
G3
49
770
471
993
1G3
131
73
167
6
o
7
1
11
811
49
154
19
20
53
185
3
1
o
13
999
164
230
11
24
45
70
1
354
CO
108
9
101
34
39
6
20
11
91
3
3
14
28
11
10
9
15
77
o
3
1
1
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
28
39
3
18
1
21
1
C2
3
1
1
1
o
2
1
2
4
5
7
20
1
1
31
1C8
315
90
6
31
95
343
140
7
CO
3
9
16
48
3
123
138
9
C8
1
18
20
1,648
871
1 224
3
2
39
1,000
22
54
6
14
1
321
701
204
1
48
49
21
01
12
1
10
4
1
7
1
4
5
1
238
74
20
14
1
5
8
6
4
2
1
4
2
8
6
31
43
51
7
1, 285
744
54
64
o
3
49
125
42
145
2
4
13
1
2G3
191
1
1
5
4
2
1
1
7
3
1
132
95
1
172
77
C
5
1
81
G7
4
4
01
24
48
49
3
1
3
14
(;
1
1
1
3
1
6
0
1
1
1
1
4
13
7
8
1
10
14
1
40
10
29
5
1
3
1
9
5
4')
1
13
1
o
4
10
10
1
1
22
o
3
2
4
0
14
5
0
-1
1
40
C, C73
74
7, 422 82 4, 4 15
40 3,710
53
1,558
2o
1,502
34
1,012
22 4?, 4 14
403
110
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XVIII.— DEPARTMENT OF MISSOURI— Continued.
1861.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
4, 425.
5, 426.
6, 078.
24, 513.
30, 398.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1,080
1,988
4
11
1
o
2,033
18
5,191
1
7
40
5,830
68
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of J^ervous System.
1
10
6
1
4
1
3
3
1
5
5
1
0
18
3
1
3
1
3
32
1
3
57
76
6
1
3
12
3
12
8
6
1
6
58
o
4
1
2
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
2
2
d g
36
1
54
33
112
187
4
4
27
32
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
2
6
1
5
o
1
1
9
1
o
3°
1
1
1
~ nta jy f +V O J
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
6" I fl mm tion of Heart
1
1
1
3
' _ .
f v •
' .
0
1
1
1
1
g
70 V rieose Veins
3
12
Oth D' f th' • O 1
1
11
86
21
200
2
3
1
6
231
40
597
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
10
14
4
40
29
3?
1
16
1
o
3
5
1
2G
78 Dropsy of Chest
18
3
1
6
0
6
9
4
1
20
18
162
9
81. Inflammation of Lungs
5
8
1
1
1
1
39
6
1
30
19
82 Other Diseases of this Order
2
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
83. Abdominal Dropsy
8
10
95
7
16
15
20
96
85 Colic
16
60
4
77
175
86. Constipation
120
4
294
29
18
1,324
1
2,329
4
2,324
21
6,171
43
7,789
88
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G2.
Ill
TABLE XVIII.— DEPARTMENT OF MISSOURI— Continued.
18(31.
18052.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
31, 104.
32, 93G.
25, 313.
27, 139.
10, 503.
15, 248.
15, 042.
19, 500.
4J
42
43
44
45
40
47
48
4;)
50
51
02
53
54
55
50
57
58
:,.<
60
61
62
63
C4
05
66
or
68
69
70
71
73
74
75
70
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
67
Cases.
G, 073
3
4
1
9
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
74
3
! 7, 422
82
]
4, 445
2
20
40
3,710
0
53
2
1,558
1
1
8
10
o
25
1
1,502
34
1,612
1
4
1
3
oo
1
42, 444
1C
111
15
C4
30
15
7
10
457
403
12
2
1
1
11
1
1
6
1
o
3
1
1
0
7
1
1
3
3
8
4
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
3
1
3
1
1
81
81)
4
3
1
1
3
3
113
34
54
27
15
20
29
28
4
1
1
1
23
20
6
47
0
5
g
o
1
3
28
77
14
3
17
1
1
1
2
o
10
1
1
1
1
0
3
167
o
9
42
32
1
1
190
8
go
73
11
9
69
7
9
4
4
66
1
6
2
4
8°
1 151
3
13
4
3
4
7
73
84
102
161
4
11
40
45
Jl
23
10
o
1
3
5
1
0
o
i
4
3
9
17
33
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
5
6
9
552
1
3
8
3
10
17
581
43
1
1
4
1
1
3
1
10
o
o
5
1
3
5
4
1
05
3
3
182
1
9
3
190
1
1
o
0
CS
53
2,015
186
5 509
2
o
2
1
1
1
1
G
32
1
43
10
928
30
163
9
130
21
1,04!)
7
4
1,579
708
64
7
8
1
GO
74
690
42
1
4
51
1
4
1
2
1
1
19
37
0
203
388
2,300
142
8
148
480
3
1
1
1
00
GO
353
18
1
J8
90
34
37
72
381
1
15
1
1
29
40
407
30
1
3
37
120
1
o
40
150
3
3
1
10
84
1
3
240
17
1
8
15
54
5
43
89
5
31
7
15
2
4
2
17
°1
1
|
oo
19
31
11
141
15
108
1C
91
1 G92
33
9
11'2
770
8, 91)5
122
11,407
183
G, 251
80
5,770
100
2, 305
51
2, 077
43
2,117
28
58,985
112
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF \\HITE TROOPS
TABLE XVIII.— DEPARTMENT OF MISSOURI— Concluded.
YEAli
1861.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
4, 425.
5, 426.
6, 078.
24,:
Cases.
13.
30, 398.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1,324
1
2,329
2
11
1
4
1
2,324
21
0,171
75
43
7,789
77
41
1
1
26
88
ORDEK VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
18
5
50
6
14
o
5
5
5
13
4
12
9
0
29
14
09
2G
12
6
8
1
. 19
S3
o
1
1
1
4
58
40
1
3
7
30
3
2
1
1
15
75
0
84
41
2
3
1
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
~' *- °ne .
1
1
4
6
1
4
3
1
7
„' ^ °U tJ" .
9
1
io<T ?ydrot? ean aema
1
0
2
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
1
1
4
1X4 White Swelling
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
20
1
3
10
8
17
1
3
23
26
52
44
5
9
o
118 Whitlow
o
13
18
24
110 Boil
32
25
6
00
: 17
120. Skin Diseases
18
23
44
20
121. Ulcers ... . .
45
122. Other Diseases of this Order
2
6
C)
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
123. Burns
o
18
o
124. Concussion of Brain
1
125. Compression of Brain
120. Contusion
oo
11
o
1C
4
1
8
9
10
1
34
r.fi :
PC,
19
C
4-T
127. Fracture
2
1
14
9
7
1
20
X
1
15
14
9
o
128. Dislocation
129. Sprain
^
i
130. Incised Wounds
17
17
3
°7
1
9-1
131. Contused and Lacerated Wounds
4
1
175
2
1
31
Q
132. Punctured Wounds
133. Gunshot Wounds.-
4
40
1
165
1
14
i
134. Poisoning
135. Suicide
1
130. Others of this Class
6
3
16
13
17
40
1
G
9
12
137. UNCLASSIFIED DISEASES
2
3
Total.
1, 529 : 5
2,747
47 ' 2, f,85 28 ; C, 852 51 8, 808
113
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18(52.
113
TABLE XVIII.— DEPARTMENT OF MISSOURI— Concluded.
—
1861.
1869.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUKE.
TOTAL.
31, 104.
32, 936.
25, 313.
27, 139.
16, 503.
15, 248.
15,612.
19, 560.
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
!::::
134
135
136
137
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deafhs.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
.Deaths
Cases. Deaths. Cases. ! Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
8, 995
59
58
4
5
11, 467
17
oo
183
1
6,251
6
8
86
1
5,770
33
13
100
2,365
7
11
1
51
2,077
43
: 2, 117
4
7
1
>.8
i
58, 985
282
248
11
13
283
770
9
4
1
3
77
12
20
42
o
1
24
8
15
49
47
15
40
81
5
19
17
11
17
49
10
20
11
13
4
18
24
o
7
8
18
65
222
167
241
671
24
2
57
17
87
2
15
235
1
3
0
9
1
1
13
7
1
o
o
3
49
2
C2
8
14
72
45
872
384
6
12
4
7
44
55
11
7
7
19
11
11
o
9
357
25
5
8
304
80
4
12
o
1
54
8
170
82
0
102
4
19
8
1
1
3
o
o
1
1
11
5
o
0
0
1
5
1
48
5
18
93
49
3
10
~
1
3
1
3
1
1
7
4
6
2
4
1
7
14
3
1
1
4
3
1
o
2
2
4
2
3
4
1
1
1
5
42
1
20
o
1
28
16
2
o
15
4
10
31
45
3
(3
n
2
54
174
4<)3
8
10
28
7
9
3
117
12
11
10
o
108
13
43
18
8
307
40
64
7
o
446
118
86
157
135
6
9
3
6
o
1
1
1
o
69
11
0
52
3
48
66
13
23
3°
14
13
16
5
12
11
2'i
0
14
5
1 '
4
17
13
19
15
15
4
q
°8
o
14
20
0
6
25
1
59
11
11
6
26
t5
o
3
3
4
59
1
1
3
3
202
48
673
11
n
5
1
29
2
4
I
1
14
3
5
27
o
91
0
4
12
*»4
1
1
' 1
1
30 5 ij 24
13 4 253
2 | 28
3 j 35
22
14
1
6
7
3
ll
166
400
5
4
10,276 ; 150
12, 857
193
6, 810
93
6,386
121
2,746
60 2,521 ! 50
2, 473
32
66, 690 943
1
15
114
TABLE XIX.
Abstract of the Mortality in the
1801.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
561.
1, 638.
1, 021.
3, 213.
3,701.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
1
33
1
110
3
8
3
0
2
20
149
3
1C
o
7
' T,°m^,°n r
1
2
1
2
' e
,. Quoti tan n ermi en
2
1
3
1
0
5
4
0
17
0
8
o
30
3
4
6
7
1
1
7
11 A T i D -scnte
1
1
o
1
11
1
2
3
5
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
21 Syphilis
22. Gonorrhoea
23. Orchitis
24. Stricture of the Urethra
25. Serpent Bite
26. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
27. Scurvy
28. Delirium Tremens
1
1
2
3
29. Inebriation
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
30. Gout
31. Acute Rheumatism
1
32. Chronic Rheumatism
33. Anaemia
34. General Dropsy
1
35. Cancer
30. Tumors
37. Other Diseases of this Order
1
3
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
38. Consumption
1
4
14
39. Scrofula
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
40. Worms
Carried forward
8
36
CO
109
294
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
115
TABLE XIX.
General Hospitals of the Central Region.
18G1.
1802.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUKE.
TOTAL.
4, 202.
G, 352.
7 229.
G, 790.
7, 833.
9, 558.
10, 344.
5, 2C3.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
3G
37
38
39
40
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
88
3
4
2
130
4
8
1
13
195
6
20
2
448
12
15
24
273
29
50
1,793
81
117
18
87
G
10
j
1
18
1
1
10
1
23
4
4
5
2
1
2
10
12
4
4
12
4
9
17
13
19
9
6
6
13
33
7
7
G
23
98
21
3
31
128
41
115
338
150
77
59
138
181
14
15
30
4
13
13
38
17
G
G
20
10
9
4
10
2
12
6
19
6
4
24
19
23
5
53
14
1
3
1
1
1
7
LO
8
1
9
15
13
10
4
2
19
3
1
94
10
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
18
3
3
1
o
1
1
o
o
o
1
2
1
3
1
3
C
10
9
o
20
1
1
i
1
2
3
1
1
3
9
1
29
1
4°
3
225
13
15
°7
40
31
i
1
i
°47
254
284 !
411
448
748
C29
3, £88
:
116
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XIX.— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION— Continued.
1801.
JULY.
AUGUST. i SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
561.
1, 638.
1, 621.
3, 213.
3, 761.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
8
30
60
1
169
294
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
1
|
1
1
' f •
1
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
* '
J; ^! .
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
67. Inflammation of Pericardium
68. Inflammation of Veins
69. Varicocele
70. Varicose Veins
71. Other Diseases of this Order
1
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
72. Asthma
1
73. Acute Bronchitis
74. Chronic Bronchitis
75. Catarrh
76. Haemorrhage from Nose
77. Iloemorrhng-e from Lungs
1
78. Dropsy of Chest
79. Inflammation of Larynx
80. Inflammation of Pleura
81. Inflammation of Lungs
1
6
7
30
o
82. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
83. Abdominal Dropsy
84. Cholera Morbus
o
85. Colic
1
86. Constipation
87. Dyspepsia
i
L Carried forward
I
9
38
179
330
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30,
117
TABLE XIX.— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION— Continued.
18(31.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY. MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
4, 262.
6, 352.
7, 229.
6, 790.
7, 833.
9, 558.
10, 344.
5, 263.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases. I Deaths.
Cases. Deaths. Cases. 'Deaths.
41
40
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
53
54
55
50
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
247
o>>4
284
4
411
1
448
o
748
6°9
3, 588
10
1
1
1
2
1
3
2
1
3
4
1
15
4
1
|
1
2
1
4
1
3
3
21
0
2
4
2
1
1
1
0
2
3
1
1
4
1
!
8
15
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
7
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
o
0
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
11
1
37
11
2
2
5
1
4
0
o
.7
6
6
2
10
3
5
3
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
o
1
35
977
89
C,
4
0
73
1
215
2
9
193
1
1
14
208
15
7
105
15
1
7
1
44
17
3
3
95
4
33
1
!
)|
o
1
j
1
1
340
491
510
682
612
901
717
4, tfi>
||
118
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XIX.— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION— Concluded.
1861.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
5C1.
1, 638.
1,621.
3, 213.
3, 761.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
'
9
38
C9
2
379
0
330
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
1
1
1
1
1
1
qr'
•
o
1
2
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
ORDER VIII. — Disease; of Bones and Joints.
113 Exostosis
114 "White Swelling
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
118. Whitlow
119. Boil
120. Skin Diseases
121. Ulcers
122. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
123 Burns
1
120. Contusion
1
128. Dislocation
129. Sprain
1
131. Contused and Lacerated Wounds
132 Punctured Wounds
133 Gunshot Wounds
2
3
2
8
20
1
i
136. Others of this Class
1
137. ^'CLASSIFIED DISEASES
Totil
! 1
1
i
12
42
74
196
307
1
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
119
TABLE XIX.— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION— Concluded.
1801.
1862.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
4, 2C2.
6, 352.
7,229.
C, 790.
7, 833.
9, 558.
10, 344.
5, SG3.
88
80
90
91
92
93
94
95
90
97
98
99
100
101
102
100
104
105
106
107
108
109
no
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
123
124
125
120
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. 1 Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. , Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
I
340
491
3
o
510
C82
C12
9C1
717
5
4,678
11
1
1
1
1
o
2
3
1
1
1
10
9
1
15
]
4
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
o
I
o
0
4
4
1
i
]
9
0
3
8
1
o
1
1
1
4
1
1
II
1
1
3
ii
1
1
2
1
1
1
o
1
1
1
•••
6
j
!
•—.-•" 1
1
1
o
1
1
5
1
18
i
o
1
1
1
3
0
i
11
1
1
1
1
3
264
0
6
13
4
943
1
1
12
32
1
1
1
1
9
0
o
1
57
10
3
44
102
400
1
1
1
5
0
.1
3
0
3
12
359
1
515
573
798
1,080
1,195
813
G, 024
1
120
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XX.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
1801.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
29, 332.
24, 230.
41, 675.
81, 387.
95, 397.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDEU I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
4
50
29
o
10
5
64
66
765
1,142
357
1
Of)
32
301
108
1, 098
1, 033
505
10
61
4
6
1
47
942
490
1,498
3, 0<)8
1, 898
309
2
188
4
15
4
38
1 224
408
1? 773
2,418
1, 304
004
6
264
7
23
8
2 Typhoid Fever
397
798
1
3
1
317
11
15
2 °°9
93
122
51
3, 030
219
836
CO
19
0
1
31
2, 700
2
8
6
1
10
6
4,957
809
1,683
130
204
5
9
12
28
11
35
4, 921
1, 170
171
72
5
o 55(j
8
10
28
9
10
3
54
23
111
586
41
10
205
1
49
1
7
7
657
5
4
1
1
42
1,180
4
104
370
1
30
357
o
538
1
61
0°
5
61
19
120
°()7
3°0
19 Debility
199
41
62
357
200
3
318
J14
170
286
37
4
381
101
°01
6
20. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
21. Svphilis
54
128
76
137
19
4
1
22. Gonorrhoea
96
oi)4
23. Orchitis
20
3
oo
43
5
24. Stricture of the Urethra
2
1
25. Serpent Bite
26. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
27. Scurvy
31
8
13
14
1
19
Of)
19
13
4
1
557
331
17
10
28. Delirium Tremens
1
5
11
1
o
34
24
8
601
330
30
17
3
29. Inebriation
1
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDEH l.—Diathetic Diseases.
30. Gout
31. Acute Rheumatism
202
109
347
194
16
7
1
32. Chronic Rheumatism
45
119
7
3
33. Anaemia
7
6
34. General Dropsy
1
35. Cancer
36. Tumors
o
1
01
45
9
3
5
3
37. Other Diseases of this Order
2
3
12
6
4
41
3
1
8
39
69
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
38. Consumption
17
12
1
1
4
00
39. Scrofula
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
40. Worms
4
15
Carried forward
5,702
24
7,080
55
10, 476
127
19, 891
327
19, 653
490
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
121
TABLE XX.
of the Central Region.
1801.
1862.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
110, 8(14.
94, 644.
82, 077.
91, 544.
181, 920.
189, 171.
175, 903.
99, 8-15.
1
3
4
5
(i
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
15
1C
17
18
19
20
23
24
25
*.o
27
28
29
30
31
J<w
33
34
35
36
37
38
3!)
40
Casts.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
24
524
157
872
982
665
71
33
4,834
622
990
132
71
51
745
7
926
282
Deaths.
Oases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1, 063
416
1,475
2, 079
1,140
111
72
5, 168
755
1,035
148
146
38
2,778
6
229
3
22
27
958
208
1,068
1,011
939
94
28
5,642
621
669
79
112
71
1,741
14
1, 216
1, 812
463
211
207
C60
142
8
177
7
12
1
1
17
566
141
820
799
530
50
24
3 557
271
647
67
65
78
642
13
212
4
10
2
1
19
271
1
23
2
4
78
1,171
652
2,295
2,796
1,575
354
129
14, 938
2,445
2,709
175
196
100
561
3
1,638
342
11
426
29
18
4
2
52
1, 586
906
2,975
2,892
1,984
165
186
14, 375
2,657
2, 429
263
173
44
216
6
815
187
1,4€2
402
173
351
132
1]
701
20
26
6
4
1
35
39
33
14
8
22
9
70
1,041
865
3,144
2,544
1, 757
308
160
12, 671
2,023
1,545
168
151
31
68
2
433
110
1,548
280
170
290
106
6
7
33
430
35
37
8
3
419
9,550
4,512
38,180
22,192
13, 031
1,918
787
79, 082
11, 181
14, 958
1,451
1, 302
464
11, 587
40
7,001
4,672
7,401
3,082
1,720
3,302
984
122
3,007
114
196
31
1
186
200
453
248
104
81
173
395
3
7
3
116
24
9
3
14
20
—3
36
9
17
17
76
12
6
18
8
6
28
99
1
1
3
8
2
12
7
18
16
6
7
30
39
15
26
16
22
11
10
28
57
1
1
37
31
62
27
8
16
33
19
1
1
37
46
153
19
15
6
10
3 i
C89
790
521
61
166
375
67
5
1
802
378
1,126
115
183
85
3
1
10
2
1
9
1
481
129
328
203
76
I
15
2
1,147
274
192
299
21
3
1
12
6
3
7 |
3 '
10
3
13
9
1
60
11
1
1
1
1
11
16
18
3
802
510
36
22
1
11
35
51
26
17
6
17
14
3
791
514
21
25
1
6
25
78
20
r>«
7
15
24
7
11
22
7
578
317
48
33
45
24
14
7
1,342
1,001
126
2
3
127
20
30
15
1, 105
944
124
126
2
17
29
78
18
25
5
822
684
182
167
1
36
71
167
16
1
3
374
182
218
51
7,835
5,534
653
507
16
82
402
P04
2G8
410
a
34
8
6
1
4
o
o
5
2
4
2
1
1
519
345
39
19
2
6
1
1
5
4
3
6
3
9 i
20
13
5
23
o
2
1
1
3
3
72
11
10
77
137
27
<)7
1
1
5
6
21
69
38
108
5
1
1
37
27
79
15
44
1
57
1
4
317
7
20
2
42
139
32
26
56
1
45
1
j
20, 683
520 J 19,580
454
12, 532
437
14, 199
600
37, 295 802
37, 197 1, 148
31, 975
954
236, 363
5, 938
16
122
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XX.— CENTRAL REGION— Continued.
1801.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEl'TEMBEK.
OCTOI;EH.
NOVEMBER.
29, 332.
24, 230.
41, G75.
81, 387.
<J5, 397.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
o-l t fir ard
5,702
24
7,080
4
75
55
2
10, 476
1
131
1
19
6
4
127
1
19, 891
6
112
327
19, 653
1
68
5
4'JO
1
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
OitDEii I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
84
2
3
2
4
1
. n amma ion
6
25
7
6
2
1
5
21
21
1
3
8
1
47. Inflammation o em r.i e
1
87
132
1
76
33
16
OQQ
100
76
4
*.i3
3
175
220
241
12
o
13
38
6
15
18
1
1
3
41
7
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
2
r. , fi .
1
5
142
1
2
133
5
10
16
1
6
137
16
16
18
10
7
4
3
292
4
4
393
oo. n am iia
r° ^ ^
26
52
39
27
ORDER III.— Diseases of Ear.
29
18
12
32
23
43
41
6
5
10
6
4
1
o
o
5
1
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation,
1
2
1
1
" 1
66 I fl in ti f Endoc-irdium
4
3
4
4
8
18
4
33
389
87
1,702
3
1
°1
1
o
C
10
1
169
4
213
4
12
6
5
3
1
91
35
314
3
5
14
25
0.1
1
7
13
]62
1
17
24
919
99
3 117
1
1
1
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
72 Asthma
1
1
25
912
]
6
21
10
2
68
81
488
74
1
57
232
794
121
25
1
1
1
78. Dropsy of Chest
21
35
1
13
40
35
13
4°
51
71
162
34
3
89
266
828
120
2
44
2
o
2
92
47
2
7°
9
2
14
3
75
3
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
83, Abdominal Dropsy
84. Cholera Morbus
40
63
. 80
437
1
1
1
85 Colic
125
429
1
128
447
76
87. Dyspepsia
47
48
7,509
28
8, C84
63
13, 170
143
24, 850
363
27, 023
586
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
123
TABLE XX.— CENTRAL REGION— Continued.
18(31.
186J2.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEIJUUAUY.
MARCH.
APIUL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
110,804.
94, 044. .
82, 077.
91,544.
181, 920.
189, 171.
175, 903.
99,845.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. ; Deaths.
41
42
43
44
45
40
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
GO
Cl
62
63
64
65
C6
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
80
67
20, C83
5
130
8
35
520
5
] 9,580
7
88
3
33
454
6
12, 532
8
57
9
23
1
G
7
6
139
140
12
20
3
o
437
10
14, 199
4
132
GOO
6
37, 295
11
288
802
8
37, 197
10
395
3
54
5G
35
14
69
487
420
1,148
10
31,975
18
451
6
48
91
22
9
48
455
322
954
17
236, 203
75
2 Oil
5, 938
C8
5
1
5
1
10
1
G
20
6
9
G
10
ooo
5
1
2
7
14
48
14
34
8
27
10
4
5
G
3
1
9
3
5
1
6
58
340
206
178
52
241
50
19
9
-7
48
23
3
12
341
343
7
46
o
2
6
9
3
30
274
0
4
4
5
9
515
411
12
75
4
1
13
4
532
1
3,079
2, C85
122
582
48
18
70
75
4,040
365
631
539
494
75
74
14
37
3G
56
38
•300
1
101
82
3
1
14
186
6
18
0
1
2
o
1
1
6
4
16
90
8
G
13
12
1
2
31
114
7
3
6
2
13
27
5
3
3
5
5
11
240
23
525
27
441
44
61
75
71
13
3
1
373
30
04
299
533
40
100
54
78
10
31
1
9
3
10
14
61
38
18
48
610
257
1,767
24
36
1
11
54
O"7
48
110
92
39
35
89
35
90
4
47
0
23
59
7
10
o
5
4
4
66
29
1
42
1
4
1
9
11
4
8
4
16
4
64
51
19
32
384
223
1,518
18
24
o
3
4
1
1
3
12
5
21
2
3
3
1
2
1
0
5
3
14
20
32
1.C79
114
4,774
12
40
2
105
206
798
118
5
52
270
914
190
1
5
1
0
4
31
13
20
53
1,197
1°5
1
3
3
G
1
11
1G
17
10
932
99
3,333
2
1
1
5
5
1
4
1
1
3
5
2
1
11
14
13
17
683
63
2,991
4
2G
1
102
1
3
2
1
1
1
2
1
3
2
1
255
179
312
8,177
1,473
29, 145
117
328
8
945
2,021
6,455
1,013
69
1,612
4,068
9, 295
1.790
1
22
7
54
15
4
13
o
11
42
1,545
146
oo
9
5
...
]
1
10
1
1
8
3
5
1
13
3
1
33
42
902
342
3,501
20
49
8
2
1
3
2
10
5
4
1
1
2
4,943
9
35
1
134
218
1,110
J49
5
37
205
708
1
1
1
o
3
1
o
3
o
1
153
7
1
3
1
135
o
129
91
308
628
163
358
817
1, 102
312
o
4
136
39
1
1
o
1
83
209
324
95
15
509
857
1, 559
259
353
11
102
752
125
4
40
139
404
123
11
252
3
1
139
904
110
o
35
109
430
110
10
262
510
1,118
53
7
251
794
7
197
21
1
7
1
70
30
3
7
3
1
1
1,243
251
1
133
'
31, 755
724
30, 078
801
19, 059
756
21, 771
987
49, 109
1,102
46, 431
1,391
40, 667
1,129
320,106 8,133
i 1
124
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE XX.— CENTRAL REGION— Concluded.
1861.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
29, 332.
24, 230.
41, 675.
81, 387.
95, 397.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
7,509
19
38
2
28
8,684
12
22
4
63
1
13, 170
20
07
143
3
24, 850
103
90
6
4
110
83
50
100
249
363
3
1
27, 023
121
59
5
2
100
67
19
77
350
3
3
13
278
91
3
8
1
2
7
28
586
1
1
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
1
3
59
1
33
18
13
27
17
41
104
q
1
133
10
76
51
1
1
3
j
2
31
11
1
0
1
6
11
23
5
3
69
85
3
3
72
3
3
1
23
44
77
2
2
201
1
270
1
99
o
3
3
ORDER VIL— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
3
1
7
4
o
o
3
10
2
5
13
14
1
2
12
3
1
20
1
17
o
2
o
8
19
3
o
4
11
1
3
o
3
ORDER VIII.— Diseases of Bones and Joints.
113 Exostosis
1
1
9
4
114 White Swelling
1
1
75
3
83
6
]9
72
3
108
14
20
7
JOO
ORDER IX.— Diseases nf Integumentary System.
71
1
12
6
9
59
55
7
34
118. Whitlow
119. Boil
55
39
48
1C
18
4
3
84
10
46
63
77
93
16
15
120. Skin Diseases -.
68
77
17
10
4
1
137
31
10
51
°9
182
114
16
30
10
4
181
41
15
121. Ulcers
65
122. Other Diseases of this Order ,
12
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
123. Bums
7
124. Concussion of Brain
1
7
2
1
1
o
125. Compression of Brain
4
80
7
5
39
27
20
14
213
2
1
180
31
<i(j
3
127. Fracture
o
128. Dislocation
129. Sprain
1
go
130. Incised Wounds
61
68
35
173
7
78
154
29
395
8
1 131. Contused and Lacerated AYouuds
04
18
71
6
1
50
3
162
2
1
28
1
1
36
3
132. Punctured Wounds
133. Gunshot Wounds
17
55
49
0
1
16
13
134. Poisoning
135. Suicide
2
1
4
1
4
8
130. Others of this Class
40
188
30
52
44
86
65
83
64
84
137. UNCLASSIFIED DISEASES
1
7
Total
8, 694 49
9,878
129
14, 940
187
27, 269
434
30, 030
690
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862
125
TABLE XX.— CENTRAL REGION— Concluded.
1861.
1809.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
110,864.
94, 644.
82, 077.
91, 544.
181,920.
189, 171.
175, 903
99. 845.
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths .
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
31, 755
84
98
9
o
173
93
32
129
428
12
4
32
C88
136
r,
20
o
6
19
30
51
6
6
13
11
9
4
7
159
25
43
100
280
133
25
44
2
1
180
33
t.1
57
83
110
14
173
6
724
6
3
30, 078
40
44
5
8
164
42
22
124
629
10
4
18
508
156
5
19
3
1
14
61
9
3
2
10
7
1
801
7
3
19, 059
10
1
70
12
71
469
4
15
380
96
2
11
1
756
7
2
21, 771
46
48
12
987
4
1
49, 109
47
82
18
10
374
145
147
197
1, 235
1,102
4
3
46, 431
120
235
20
1,391
6
4
40, 667
104
145
10
o
349
212
139
231
818
24
3
00
1,129
7
3
320, 106
743
911
108
48
1,982
1,143
617
1,371
5, 894
126
196
180
3,723
1,832
37
144
39
58
278
4-10
10'!
45
71
149
58
42
34
64
1,595
217
315
790
1, 975
1,151
213
8, 133
49
11
88
63
69
103
492
8
36
4
392
139
3
8
4
3
6
38
6
1
4
6
5
421
171
95
205
1
12
13
3
31
1
4
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
11
o
2
3
0
7
1,145
31
91
19
308
193
1
25
5
2
4
1
19
15
572
280
5
20
7
1
2
2
24
2
3
26
2
3
1
1
211
210
5
]9
7
26
G
1
~
1
4
7
3
41
73
15
12
12
5
52
1
1
15
17
5
5
o
f>7
64
7
5
6
1
1
1
90
9
12
10
24
4
13
15
8
6
3
4
4
60
9
15
1
2
3
9
5
1
7
189
35
45
8
6
4
8
o
5
3
8
298
51
1
1
120
19
23
15
1
2
86
4
13
1
1
1
224
40
25
1
1
7
1
48
61
275
69
000
24
131
55
10
91
259
135
14
29
8
15
189
108
14
79
84
707
CO
5, 3.17
14
94
74
14
31
1
293
152
1
3
1
97
1
108
31
29
7
1
ins
51
23
1
17
42
10
3
214
49
31
62
118
273
70
679
20
°7
1
1
2
304
53
34
1,727
433
220
734
755
1,796
323
7,917
90
1
-
7
7
24
1
2
2
1
1
5
o
1
134
27
9
73
68
50
24
75
80
21
98
1
11
o
24
2
30
54
40
42
73
8
88
1
1
25
9
3D8
100
90
142
34
230
26
0
10
€8
17
2,247
8
10
64
168
1
I
51
2
1
4
47
73
8
301
1
1
4
0
4
17
1
1, 250
3
13
74
4
4
112
15
108
128
1
1
5
4
2
1
4
15
3
6
13
o
82
284
5
10
58
391
7
9
60
127
43
220
306
216
141
312
61
1C8
3
SO
1.C23
2,151
35, 738
823
33,520
922 21, 465
908
24, 378
1, 149
60, 401
2, 511
52, 624 1, 878
45,370
1,3C9 364,3(17 11,009
SICKNESS, ETC., DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, J8C2. 127
PACIFIC REGION.
The reports from the Pacific Region have been consolidated into two statistical tables,
as follows:
1. The Department of New Mexico Table XXI.
2. The Department of the Pacific - Table XXII.
To which is added — •
3. A consolidated table for the Pacific Region - Table XXIII.
1. THE DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO — TABLE XXI.
This table embraces all reports received from stations in New Mexico and Colorado
Territories. From July 3 to November 9, 1861, this region was embraced in the Western
Department. November 9th the Department of New Mexico was created by General
Orders No. 97, to consist of the Territory of New Mexico. February 14, 1862, Fort
Garland, Colorado Territory, was added. May 2, 1862, Colorado Territory was transferred
to the Department of Kansas. These changes have, however, been disregarded.
2. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC — TABLE XXII.
This table includes all reports received from stations in the region west of the Rocky
Mountains which are not embraced in the Department of New Mexico. (Table XXI.)
The Department of the Pacific, as it existed officially during the year, comprised the
country west of the Rocky Mountains, except those portions of it included within the
limits of the Departments of New Mexico and Utah. Utah is included in the present
table.
CONSOLIDATED TABLE FOR THE UNITED STATES— TABLE XXIV.
This table is prepared by consolidating Tables XII, XX, and XXIII.
128
TABLE XXI.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
1861.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
2, 139.
3, 508.
2, 908.
3, 552.
3, 845.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
deaths.
Cages.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
1
7
o
o
18
4
16
70
' r°ni!"t°n £
3
8
8
13
15
36
80
9
1
20
43
37
9
10
16
37
1
20
1
109
10
16
5
55
88
1
10
1
12
58
7
8
4
19
1
1
2
2
1
10
25
4
10
1
5
16 Scarlet Fever
1
18 Epidemic Catarrh
19 Debility
4
1
21
10
7
4
1
23
3
20 Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
47
59
7
1
33
41
6
34
41
6
1
47
1
47
6
1
23 Orchitis
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
27. Scurvy
13
5
3
1
2
3
28. Delirium Tremens
29. Inebriation
1
3
o
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
30. Gout
31. Acute Rheumatism
19
0
o
25
19
37
2
42
21
1
29
25
32. Chronic Rheumatism
33. Anaemia
34. General Dropsy
o
1
1
0
35. Cancer
1
3G. Tumors
37. Other Diseases of this Order
1
ORDER 11. — Tubercular Diseases.
38. Consumption
1
39. Scrofula
CLASS III. -PARASITIC DISEASES.
40. Worms
1
Carried forward
208
3
462
2
319
2
410
2
357
6
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
129
TABLE XXI.
of the Department of New Mexico.
1801.
1862.
DECEMBER.
JANUART.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
5, 461.
6, 026.
2, 711.
3, 079.
3,354.
2, 018.
2, 916.
3, 460.
i
2
3
4
5
C
7
8
9
10'
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
/.o
24
26
27
28
29
30
31
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases, i Deaths.
1
1
1
3
19
14
11
59
1
4
25
39
7
1
2
1
46
34
5
7
12
15
46
36
2
25
3
7
8
59
3
3
9
1
25
279
G96
1
9
3
1
148
64
2
536
°7
1
46
17
25
24
25
27
1
18
3
1
2
o
1
1
12
4
8
1
o
70
1
1
9
194
13
50
157
22
3
11
23
0
5
19
4
13
1
19
1
19
1
16
9
1
9
|
1
2
1
1
36
38
7
4
i|
2
3
8
12
13
C7
3
343
432
76
16
36
48
11
34
33
10
5
20
16
8
3
12
29
18
29
2
1°
5
7
1
19
1
2
o
1
11
7
20
95
3
18
1
1
5
1
n
72
24
1
54
38
48
14
67
7
90
°5
546
174
3
16
23
1
1
5
2
3
10
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
4
2
1
1
24
351
4
259
1
189
202
2
288
1
341
374
1 ,
3, 7GO
17
130
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE XXI.— DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO— Continued.
1801.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEFTEMBEU.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
2, 139.
3, 508.
2, 908.
3, 552.
3, 845.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
ard
208
3
402
2
319
1
1
o
1
410
2
3o7
0
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
o
2
6
1
2
1
2
46 I 'tv
1
4
4
9
2
2
2
5
3
7
1
2
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
•
4
*•«' v H^B? d
0 ' s h .
2
13
8
15
11
o
1
1
OKDEK III. — Diseases of Ear.
2
3
3
1
o
rn' T
4
2
1
I
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
67. Inflammation of Pericardium
68. Inflammation of Veins
69. Varicocele
70. Varicose Veins
71. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
72. Asthma
73. Acute Bronchitis
5
3
1
38
74. Chronic Bronchitis
75. Catarrh
7
16
10
40
76. Haemorrhage from Nose
77. Haemorrhage from Lungs
78. Dropsy of Chest
79. Inflammation of Larynx
3
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
80. Inflammation of Pleura
2
2
1
0
81. Inflammation of Lungs
2
1
1
1
82. Other Diseases of this Order
1
2
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
83. Abdominal Dropsy
84. Cholera Morbus
85. Colic
5
18
4
18
35
2
3
18
3
C
5
48
5
86. Constipation
87. Dyspepsia
1
Carried forward
258
3
570
2
387
4
525
3
492
7
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G2.
TABLE XXI.— DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO— Continued.
131
1861.
18GQ.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MAKCII.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
5, 4G1.
6, 026.
2, 711.
3, 079.
3, 354.
2, 018.
2, 916,
3, 46C.
41
42
43
44
45
4G
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
CO
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
351
4
259
1
189
202
2
288
1
341
374
1
3,700
1
21
1
10
o
2
1
24
1
3
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
3
1
1
7
4
2
9
3
7
1
58
°1
6
1
3
2
4
12
7
2
8
11
1
2
2
~3
19
1
2
1
3
141
5
24
3
1
1
3
8
1
19
5
o
1
1
1
1
2
1
o
1
1
1
1
1
o
4
1
4
2
3
n
24
3
353
1
3
52
1
28
26
51
47
°3
15
1
1
3
1
1
1
5
5
23
39
9
4
77
1
I
4
4
o
1
1
3
7
2
5
2
1
5
0
2
1
7
1
I
1
1
2
9
1
65
7
1
17
7
4
33
°4
20
5
37
3
51
74
0
67
48!)
58
520
6
370
1
258
1
342
2
439
2
515
1
496
2
5, 178
34
132
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TKOOPS
TABLE XXL— DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO— Concluded.
1861.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
2, 139.
3, 508.
2, 908.
3, 552.
3, 845.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
4
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
f rd
258
3
57G
2
387
525
3
492
7
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
3
5
1
1
3
4
o
o
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
3
34
5
47
3
23
13
17
10J. Inflamma 101 o
12
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
' ' „ .
o. neon in n
1
1
3
"' h'l'f T'l f P '
0
2
1
1
1
a
OriDEU VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
114 White Swelling
1
15
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
7
8
7
118 Whitlow
5
1
2
o
119 Boil . . .
1
4
o
I
120. Skin Diseases
1
2
1
7
3
4
1
a
n
121. Ulcers
1
1
4
7
4
o
122. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
123 Burns
8
C
125. Compression of Urain
19
1
31
3
3
8
3
7
2
8
22
23
30
127 Fracture
4
6
4
o
128. Dislocation
0
1
o
7
4
18
130. Incised Wounds
13
6
131. Contused and Lacerated Wounds
9
3
12
21
132. Punctured Wounds
1
4
133. Gunshot Wounds
3
7
3
3
134. Poisoning
135. Suicide
13G. Others of this Class
1
41
0
137. UNCLASSIFIED DISEASES
6
23
G3
40
Total
345
0
7GG
2
544
4
713
3
GG7
7
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
133
TABLE XXL— DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO— Concluded.
1801.
1862.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
5, 461.
6, 026.
2, 711.
3, 079.
3, 354.
2, 018.
2, 916.
3, 460.
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
no
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
133
134
135
136
137
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
520
6
370
1
3
1
258
1
342
2
439
1
1
2
515
1
496
2
5,178
4
20
2
1
19
6
3
8
8
34
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
2
1
1
o
2
1
1
3
3
5
4
6
1
14
8
9
4
3
10
17
1
5
o
77
168
1
1
!
1
1
3
5
3
3
6
6
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
17
2
87
10
5
4
8
4
o
0
o
o
1
15
17
38
3
7
o
r>
0
6
1
8
2
1
3
7
o
3
1
3
1
5
33
10
33
6
1
1
17
2
3
9
15
2
4
16
3
4
5
15
6
5
10
o
8
3
2
1
1
16
IPO
00
1
9
8
8
5
140
16
55
79
120
3
o
5
3
5
8
3
8
8
6
9
11
o
2
19
TTO
3
2
3
82
10
C6
15
20
]9
2
1
1
1
14
7
21
10
22
4
10
or(
31
9
11
1
291
1
651
8
486
5
492
1
503
12
500
17
Cll
o
588
5
6, Of 0
72
134
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1801.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
3, 126.
3, 227.
2, 636.
3, 906.
4, 900.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS I. -ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
o
8
5
11
39
56
1
1
0
1. Typhus Fever
12
7
19
40
O4
o
6
11
13
5
3
1
7
7
9
12
i
2
1
93
15
17
1
75
74
104
134
1
38
3
2
4
2
12
1
7
1
1
1
10. Chionic a
7
o
1
4
1
* * I™ I
' ^ 6
'
1
6
1
86
41
7
4
3
61
35
3
1
2
7
o
7
2
218
135
19
6
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
87
65
6
1
109
77
14
3
23 Orchitis
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
27 Scurvy
1
1
4
20
2
30
2
17
3
10
1
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathctic Diseases.
30. Gout
31. Acute Rheumatism
27
12
23
05
i ru
65
00
32. Chronic Rheumatism
15
9
14
33. Ansemiii
34. General Dropsy
1
3o. Cancer
36. Tumors
1
0
2
37. Other Diseases of this Order
1
2
1
1
1
0
1
1
3
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
1
2
1
1
4
2
2
1
39. Scrofula
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
40. Worms
Carried forward
310
1
335
329
1 520
4
812
5
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G2.
135
TABLE XXII.
of the Department of the Pacific.
1861.
1862.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCII.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
5, 517.
4, 758.
4, 596.
4, 859.
2, 741.
1, 904.
2^248.
3, 701.
1
2
3
4
.->
(i
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1C
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
•10
Cases. , Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
>eaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
2
45
59
115
325
1
7
1
1
11
5
25
85
19
1
1
87
3
18
3
o
4 !
2
6
10
26
4
6
13
36
19
6
6
10
9
1
2
2
1
3
6
14
4
7
1°
15
12
12
°7
7
200
20
4
932
32
194
11
17
11
41
7
2
1
1
42
81
o
76
4
12
75
41
0
47
1
9
1
2
1
1
24
3
41
6
1
3
1
3
18
1
1
1
1
1
20
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
6
8
0
1
19
16
59
29
968
619
112
27
16
3
2
98
88
l(i
6
8
2
84
47
5
6
4
86
40
13
o
7
1
C7
40
11
1
3
3
3
12
25
17
6
1
27
16
8
1
20
18
4
...
1
8
8
1
2
2
3
49
1C2
8
9
7
13
32
3
4
1
1
82
28
104
32
12G
116
34
1
30
9
18
7
1
13
1C
663
241
43
o
4
1
10
9
27
14
9
1
1
3
3
1
1
I
1
o
1
3
4
2
2
3
3
3
1
3
1
6
2
o
1
G20
4
1
462
537
2 555
3
190
1
172
209
1 5, (i51
"2
136
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TKOOPS
TABLE XXII.— DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC— Continued.
YK vu .
1801.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
3, 126.
3, 227.
2, 636.
3, 906.
4, 900.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
it fat -ard
310
I
4
1
2
1
1
1
335
1
5
329
1
520
4
812
5
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Sfervous System.
1
^ p y
4
2
1
1
12
.
1
1
1
o
5
^ P y
1
2
1
J f f Af> b f B i
3
' " '?l]o.-a
' s r..*
1
o
4
6
7
4
10
3
3
8
9
1
1
1
4
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
rr J fi f .
1
o
1
1
10
14
2
8
1
17
32
58 Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER III. — Diseases vf Ear.
1
1
1
1
0
o
1
6
1
61 Otorrhoea
I
62 Deafness
2
1
1
1
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
64. Aneurism
1
1
65. Inflammation of Heart
1
2
C6. Inflammation of Endocardium
67. Inflammation of Pericardium
1
1
68. Inflammation of Veins
69. Varicocele
2
70. Varicose Veins
2
o
71. Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
5
3
1
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
72. Asthma
73. Acute Bronchitis
1
1
30
3
2
11
o
74. Chronic Bronchitis
75. Catarrh
41
59
94
186
76. Haemorrhage from Nose
77. Haemorrhage from Lungs
2
1
1
0
78. Dropsy of Chest
79. Inflammation of Larynx
1
1
1
3
3
9
80. Inflammation of Pleura
3
3
35
1
81. Inflammation of Lungs
3
1
8
3
82. Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
83. Abdominal Dropsy
84. Cholera Morbus
]
15
10
1°
2
11
40
9
5
o
' 85. Colic
14
115
86. Constipation
37
7
32
9
482
4T
87. Dyspepsia
3
13
Carried forward
442
4
2
529
2
735
5
1, 2(19
7
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G2.
137
TABLE XXII.— DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC— Continued.
18(51. 18(53.
DECEMBER. JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
5, 517. 4, 758.
4, 59C.
4,859.
2, 741.
1, 904.
2, 248.
3, 701.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1 Cases.
Deaths.
CM
4
4G2
537
1
15
0
555
3
190
1
372
209
1
5,051
3
97
3
20
3
oo
5
12
15
10
3
11
1
1
0
0
1
0
3
1
1
1
3
4
1
1
15
7
20
C
21
3
2
1
1
1
0
15
1°
7
3
1
0
14
134
55
10
15
5
1
11
I
213
1
1
3
o
6
1
1
o
1
1
0
2
1
2
]
2
]
25
1
0
20
21
25
13
1
18
10
2
7
10
25
1
3
1
1
1
4
o
3
1
1
3
8
2
1
4
0
1
1
1
1
]
1
0
1
5
(I
15
1
7G
1C
1,382
1
3
1
1
1
t>
o
1
13
1
134
1°
10
4
34°
13
3
1
27
3
1
102
1
34
OJO
31
2
2
1
11
14
11
0
1
1
8
7
8
9
C
15
1
3
1
C
3G
1
n
73
78
9
1
1
1
13
1
1
2
1
2
'18
1
11
45
24
4
82
11
3
88
0
91
90
11
4G
21
739
!
10
1°
G
18
III
9CO
5
858
1
1,103
2
1,000
5
1
320
1
271
38G
* !
",370
35
18
138
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXIL— DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC— Concluded.
1861.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
3,126.
3, 227.
2, G36.
3, 900.
4, 900.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
ht forwlrd
442
4
482
1
2
1
o
1
529
735
5
1,269
7
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
o
3
1
1
1
9
6
7
10
8
3
1
o
1
94. Chronic n
1
1
1
3
1
o
1
o
1
1
. .
1
1
10
7
4
4
7
7
1
19
8
1
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
104. Diabetes
106. Difficulty of Urination
1
3
o
0
108. Hydrocele and llajmatoccle
1
4
1
109. Sarcocele
110. Non-Syphilitic Ulcer of Penis
1
4
4
5
1
OUDEK VIII. — Diseases of Hones and Joints.
112. Anchylosis
113. Exostosis
1
114. White Swelling-
115. Necrosis
ORDEH IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
116. Abscess
5
4
5
1
5
2
1
4
7
8
17
o
13
o
117. Carbuncle
118. Whitlow
3
15
6
13
8
17
9
"0
119. Boil
1C
6
4
2
120. Skin Diseases
5
121. Ulcers
5
7
2
1
122. Other Diseases of this Order
4
2
2
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
123. Burns
1
1
2
124. Concussion of Brain
1
1
125. Compression of Brain
126. Contusion
37
7
4
10
7
25
39
37
2
OT
45
127. Fracture
5
4
24
O
1
O,
1
8
2
128. Dislocation
1
11
10
15
12!). Sprain
130. Incised Wounds
4
23
1
1
3
13
15
131. Contused and Lacerated Wounds
11
3
1
1
132. Punctured Wounds
3
4
1
2
o
133. Gunshot Wounds
1
134. Poisoning
6
135. Suicide
136. Others of this Class
20 2
15
58
0
137. UNCLASSIFIED DISEASES
oo
18
°5
Total
9
660 7
728
4 707
3 885
1, 522
7
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18(52.
139
TABLE XXII.— DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC— Concluded.
1861.
1863.
.DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUXE.
TOTAL.
5, 517.
4,758.
4, 596.
4, 859.
2, 741.
1, 904.
2,248.
3, 701.
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
U2
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
900
5
858
1
1, 103
1
o
1,006
5
326
1
274
386
1
8,370
o
35
11
35
1
4
4
4
4
2
o
4
1
1
15
1
3
1
6
1
9
1
12
9
2
2
7
1
3
3
3
90
15
12
°7
1
2
1
2
1
2
8
2
1
1
3
16
4
4
3
1°9
3
1
3
4
1
1
25
3
1
21
14
11
4
1
1
1
4
7
40
3
7
1
1
1
o
1
1
1
5
13
7
1
9
°1
3
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
o
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
16
5
4
8
5
12
9
3
3
6
6
8
3
1
o
13
8
6
4
88
13
39
JOO
1
1
5
4
1
1
1
2
1
8
5
4
4
12
11
15
6
82
103
13
21
8
1
5
3
1
2
3
o
1
2
1
12
1
354
46
30
140
111
239
31
28
18
3
1
12
3!)
3
2
6
16
21
4
6
1
37
5
3
15
31
3
4
18
7
34
3
1
26
7
0
21
1
4
6
3
1
5
4
7
2
1
3
1
4
20
13
7
11
7
15
;;
1
A*O
o
50
3
3
4
9
3
3
1
o
o
3
5
2
o
9
18
9
21
4
9
5
7
1
5
3
4
G8
239
23
1
1,211
8
1,076
2
1,300
3
1,282
7
415
1
353
489
i
10,(i28
50
140
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXIII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAK
1861.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
5, 205.
G, 735.
5, 544.
7, 458.
8, 745.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Jeaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
)eaths.
CLASS I.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OKDEU I.— Miasmatic Diseases.
10
9
27
109
1
2
1
2
5
15
19
9
55
126
6
21
7
°9
1
1
88
42
15
13
55
10
1
130
5
26
33
66
1
9
1
181
16
27
111
1
33
3
3
1
213
12
192
1
8
46
3
12
5
0
2
1
4
1
1
in
10
1
29
6
r ' c i t r
. , car e
i
1
19. Debility -10
14
3
108
94
10
9
i]
3
132
10
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
107
83
8
120
106
12
1
124
176
25
20
4
7
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
12
13
2
33
5
2
3
4
12
4
1
21
4
21
1
19
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
30 Gout
46
14
2
48
34
62
76
35
1
94
47
11
0
1
1
1
1
o
1
0
37 Other Diseases of this Order
1
0
1
1
1
1
4
1
4
4
0
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
]
2
1
1
1
3<j scrofula
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
40. Worms . . . ,
1
4
518
797
0
648
3
930
6
1, 169
11
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G2.
TABLE XXIII.
of the Pacific Region.
1861.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MAUCII.
APRIL.
MAT.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
10, 978.
10, 784.
7, 307.
7, 938.
6, 095.
3, 922.
5, 1C4.
7, 1C1.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
*.3
24
25
27
28
**J
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
3'J
•10
o
56
118
394
721
1
8
1
11
9
50
1-24
20
o
1
104
3
30
3
13
23
5
3
7
13
45
26
4
8
13
6
10
34
1
2
17
46
51
14
1
4
52
16
OC
15
10
9
1
45
48
34
10
348
7
7
8
64
C
1,468
59
388
o
IOC
4
100
4
16
100
1
42
71
3
04
gs
1
94
1
1
1
17
o
3
o
24
67
1C8
63
3
G
18
4
14
20
4
16
10
1
11
14
1
19
1
1
1
20
1
1
11
1
i
;;;
1
6
9
2
1
21
16
4
3
134
126
23
10
»
126
8
2
120
8
4
120
10
1
87
56
19
4
11
15
16
32
1,311
39
28
49
39
11
1
43
46
8
1
95
16
73
23
1, 051
168
43
13
7
20
8
13
1
10
11
1
13
11
8
20
98
52
180
1
3
7
1
2
2
33
4
4
154
52
1
158
48
164
43
164
48
1
97
16
108
33
no
1,209
415
3
9
3
12
37
17
10
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
4
1
1
1
1
2
4
3
o
2
4
5
5
o
o
0
8
„
3
1
1
3
1
46
1)71
8 j 721
1
726
2
757
5
478 2
513
D£3
2 ; 8, SI 1
142
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXIII.— PACIFIC REGION— Continued.
YEAli
1861.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
KOVEMBER.
5, 265.
6, 735.
5, 5-14.
7, 458.
8, 745.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
ieaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
~
518
1
4
1
3
1
4
1
797
1
7
0
648
1
5
3
1
930 i
6
1,169
11
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Diseases of JTervous System.
41. Apoplexy
3 !
18
42. Headache
2
3
1
43. Inflammation of Brain
1
1
2
6
44. Epilepsy
3
2
1
4
5
6
13
8
2
o
12
17
4
3
10
10
1
1
1
7
4
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
1
6
1
1
23
16
o
1
5
16
1
3
2
32
43
2
4
8
1
1
o
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
o
5
1
1
1
2
1
1
o
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
1
2
2
rf i"fl f rf r d'
1
1
2
v •
„
o
1
1
10
3
1
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
1
1
37
3
2
14
3
224
57
69
134
76. Haemorrhage from Nose
2
1
1
2
j 78. Dropsy of Chest
1
3
2
2
3
6
37
1
1
5
5
o
4
10
10
4
1
2
3
1
1
82. Other Diseases of this Order
2
3
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
83. Abdominal Dropsy
84. Cholera Morbus
1
20
10
30
67
11
o
5
18
71
4
83. Colic
14
58
19
163
86. Constipation
55
87. Dyspepsia
11
18
Carried forward
700
7
1,058
4
916
6 1, 200
8
1,761
14
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862
143
TABLE XXIII.— PACIFIC REGION— Continued.
1861.
1869.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
10, 978.
10, 784.
7, 307.
7,938.
6, 095.
3, 922.
5, 164.
7, 161.
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
8fi
87
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
971
8
721
1
726
1
15
g
757
5
473
2
513
583
'
8,811
4
118
4
30
4
14
4
46
3
8
15
15
11
1
3
14
1
2
1
5
4
o
3
1
1
1
0
3
4
1
1
9
24
21
9
2
1
1
1
2
21
1
1
3
2
15
6
14
3
2
2
15
5
192
76
13
17
5
1
15
1
354
12
34
44
8
10
3
1
5
8
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
o
1
2 ...
37
1
5
4
1
°7
23
33
2
24
51
29
1
3
5
3
0 i
2
6
1
2
5
9
1
o
1
1
o
1
2
1
1
2
1
3
2
2
1
1
6
6
16
1
100
19
1,735
1
14
1
3
1
o
1
1
3
o
1
15
1
186
1
16
1
220
11
4
308
17
2
1
81
6
3
50
3
5
46
°63
1
1
2
1
14
15
8
2
1
11
14
11
10
o
6
16
18
g
1
8
41
96
117
18
4
26
1
2
5
1
1
1
4
8
4
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
]31
36
1
o
1
16
112
5
147
18
3
G
107
18
20
97
11
95
168
1,228
125
13
8
18
169
1,480
11
! 1,228
2
1,361
3
1,348
7
765
3
789
1
882
3
13, 518
69
144
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXIII.— PACIFIC REGION— Concluded.
YEAU
1861.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
5, 2C5.
C, 733.
5, 544.
7, 458.
8, 745.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
700
7
1,058
1
7
1
4
1
91G
6
1,2CO
8
1,701
14
ORDER VI— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
3
1
1
10
1
2
1
5
8
1
9
7
14
10
1
3
1
3
5
2
3
2 i
1
3
1
1
1
o
1
3
1
1
10
19
7
38
12
10
24
32
47
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
1
1
1
1
3
o
3
1
4
1
3
2
0
1
1
4
C
3
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
~' * .
1
|
1
19
ORDEU IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
5
12
10
1
G
9
11
21
°0
' ]
1
C
18
8
5
3
G
o
3
1G
9
5
11
18
6
9
3
8
19
11
27
8
4
8
119 Boil
121 Ulcers
1°2 Other Diseases of this Order
3
4
2
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
9
1
1
1
• f c '
56
70
8
s
59
40
G
7
9
11
32
75
10
0
Q
4
11
9
31
o
1
3
11
23
30
20
7
30
3
9
3
17
33
21
G
12
4
8
4
5
1
3
1
3
1
130 Others of this Class - - 20
2
1G
99
o
o
137 UNCLASSIFIED DISE-VSES : 3f>
45
R1
C5
Total
I
- 1, C05
13
1,494
G
1,251
7 1, 598
12 2, 189
14
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, J8fi2.
145
TABLE XXIII.— PACIFIC REGION— Concluded.
18(51. 18052.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
31 AY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
10, 978.
10, 784.
7, 307.
7,938.
6, 095.
3, 922.
5, 104.
7, 101.
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
90
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
100
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
110
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
]35
13(i
137
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1,480
11
1,228
1
7
o
1,361
1
3
1,348
7
7G5
1
3
3
789
1
882
3
13,548
6
55
13
1
109
09
1
C
4
4
1
1
4
1
1
16
1
4
1
9
1
9
1
1
1
3
13
10
2
2
9
1
4
1
4
1
5
2
1
3
1
15
35
24
4
4
3
206
208
3
8
2
8
2
2
2
1
3
3
1
7
7
1
1
30
7
1
30
7
20
1
1
1
25
14
18
1
1
1
9
7
1
8
1
o
1
1
1
8
18
10
4
15
27
3
4
o
I
2
0
3
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
o
1
1
1
o
2
1
1
1
o
2
1
2
175
1
1
1
33
5
4
8
7
18
1
5
19
3
5
6
14
10
1
5
2
8
1
17
10
10
6
13
54
139
120
1
23
11
18
o
3
3
2
8
7
9
7
19
10
1
6
3
4
13
o
136
1
2
54
18
1
550
1
3
1
13
4
10
7
12
0
50
5
4
9
25
39
G
10
1
53
41
34
5
4
10
4
37
1
4
14
8
7
20
CO
46
195
190
1
27"
9
20
30
31
4
8
15
42
21
50
18
11
6
o-O
359
2
3
8
141
3
50
398
21
39
3
1
84
o
10
09
15
3
1
2
1
2
3
o
1
9
49
10
35
4
18
7
44
15
5
]5
3
15
93
530
21
1
1, 602
1C
1,502
7
1,792
4
1,785
19
1,005
18
904
3
1,077
G
17, 584
120
146
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXIV.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
1SG1.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH (not indud'g Talles XIandlCIJC)
CO, 118.
109, 054.
102, 217.
252, 037.
290, G25.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS I. —ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
11
123
14')
0
27
6
424
427
1,504
2,205
1 430
2
100
2
13
1
86
975
2 929
4,041
2 552
13
185
7
1
95
2,078
1, 205
4, 109
c, 2i;i
4, 109
523
213
13, 519
1, 233
3, 095
229
378
88
2,080
0
8
3G7
7
30
5
2
85
2 937
1, 427
4, 423
4,834
2,813
5-!0
14
516
9
43
o
10
' T.°m™°" p"
500
951
3
508
30
48
7,401
154
213
250
159
9,794
015
1, 909
119
09
1, 229
0
1
14
8
o
19
9
1
C
72
10, G75
371
1, 593
127
90
7
802
4
209
92
3
1
3
10
11
1
4
6
27
13
14
39
14
1
Q
35
220
12,211
823
2, COG
244
202
93
4, 204
10
398
28
10
27
40
14
11
28
82
1, 230
33
6
74
24
C75
1
4
10
3
0
10 Scarlet Fever
159
1
179
97
230
20
8'M
1 006
19 Debility
437
129
1
1,187
434
C19
1,201
023
740
1, 054
4
1,212
513
5
1, 304
597
11
20 Other Diseases of this Order
1
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
°1 Syphilis
380
497
970
1,287
1,147
1, 318
23. Orchitis
83
8
140
145
OT*
193
201
41
18
50
i
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
27. Scurvy
45
39
21
121
3
58
0
87
73
11
2, 801
1,890
1
4
o
28. Delirium Tremens
43
72
1
585
1
1
3
1
55
59
o
1
49
52
0
29. Inebriation
CLASS 11.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER l.—Diathetic Diseases.
30. Gout
8
2, 139
1,2-13
31. Acute Rheumatism
2
1,157
7G9
1,490
805
2
32. Chronic Rheumatism
33. Anaemia
10
12
<)0
08
19
1
34
70
23
0
77
34
1
34. General Dropsy
o
35. Cancer
1
10
90
49
20
9
1
41
186
98
38
1
39
30. Tumors
og
37. Other Diseases of this Order
1
5
221
154
28
80
190
1
10
152
08
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
38. Consumption
5
11
42
39. Scrofula.
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
40. Worms
337
50
07
Carried forward
14, 803
70 20, 119
175 32,890 310 48,078
001
49, 378
8G5
DUK1NG THE YE Alt ENDING JUNE 30,
147
TABLE XXIV.
of the Army of the United States.
1801.
18tJ3.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JCXE.
TOTAL.
33U, 7-15.
343, 572.
310, 508.
314, 961.
395, 713.
388, 492-
307, 952.
279, 371.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
! Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
• Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
3
4
5
K
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1-1
15
10
17
18
19
20
21
20
23
24
26
27
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
3G
37
38
39
40
59
2,817
930
3, 504
3, 768
2, 203
172
395
9, 994
1,032
2, 104
198
331
20(3
4, 957
43
937
2,121
1,535
500
1,008
1, 350
290
48
20
555
7
45
56
2, 325
799
2,430
2, 004
1,590
227
18
453
9
25
1
1
30
1, 593
739
2, 3-18
1, 980
1, 138
117
168
7, 401
502
1, 044
107
192
182
1,072
0
1,482
1, 738
973
1,412
708
818
202
15
425
0
20
1
38
1, 204
092
2, 045
1, 738
1, 29!)
197
26
405
4
30
2
4
138
2, 348
1,381
4, 100
4,215
2, 578
488
199
24, 800
2, 970
5, 154
252
321
108
1, 072
0
2,313
601
2, 049
040
6C9
804
304
23
727
35
30
4
3
62
2,701
1,010
0, 130
4,429
3,253
3U2
240
23, 845
3,215
4, 804
539
280
89
501
13
1,203
311
16
; 1,053
23
35
0
4
1
44
43
130
43
14
10
37
14
135
2, 4;;s
1,678
5, 853
3,808
3,227
401
238
24, 073
3,1 38
3, 903
308
04
147
3
082
38
709
38
08
8
5
2
47
52
104
34
17
6
21
3
1
1
821
21, j; 05
11,709
40, 021
40, 330
20, 706
3, 526
2 233
164, 414
15, 815
32, 220
2, 009
2, 052
1, 307
21, 672
133
11, 271
11,314
18,323
7,454
9,044
11,018
2, 71 ')
201
5, 048
147
370
33
4
301
230
501
338
130
120
393
508
10
9
5
153
36
12
3
43
24
26
45
43
50
94
201
10, 0 17
870
1,533
155
259
202
3,135
20
1, 945
3, 100
1, 170
572
902
1 4"8
39
0
24
24
13
8
01
145
1
1
3
15
o
37
8
23
17
10
8
05
4
3
74
10, 648
820
2,526
238
179
159
1, 1G2
18
1, 534
1, 049
1, 304
509
094
089
214
19
10
13
59
62
1
1
21
7
59
33
37
10
18
02
20
3
1
1
12
3
1
11
3
26
5
1
2,588
608
534
724
17
7
3
3, 297
707
547
812
30
8
5
331
40
352
244
30
1
07
43
1
42
34
11
408
20
o
0
1
1
41
04
07
8
2,748
2, 2£8
88
50
3
44
195
243
72
00
oo
21
54
85
9
2, 202
1,017
81
48
1
3
35
0
131
n
2, 156
1, 308
73
50
211
48
02
14
3
3
2
301
38
70
17
2,003
1,879
183
150
4
57
138
1
7
3
499
51
50
10
2,350
2, 022
23L
197
5
39
320
1
5
1, 324
050
979
104
20, 218
18, 401
1,227
758
33
447
2,009
2, 500
027
1,057
9
57
20
29
21
13
35
4
8
2
93
125
4
2,887
2, 174
88
51
40
115
253
03
0-2
9
6
7
3
4
2
3
]
0
1
1
0
2, 974
2, 124
102
90
13
44
239
278
01
]•)-,
1
3
5
5
1
7
5
8
3
9
1
7
2
1
3
1
3
3
1
33
1
49
100
237
54
1
04
155
58
02
1
97
2
5
554
10
39
o
4 ;
208 :
07
00
83
1
1
209
51
45
08
1 |
123
i
40,081 1,054 41, 5] 1
1
923
3 * 1 *9
790
33, 577
944
1
04,137 l 1,270 i 04,CC4
1 1
1, 014 62, 057
1,419 , 510,824
10,065
148
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE XXIV.— ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES— Continued.
1861.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH, (not includ'g Tables XI and XIX)
69, 118.
109, 054.
162, 217.
252, 037.
296, 025.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Brouo-ht forward
14, 863
194
8
30
57
24
1
14
181
242
9
52
4
4
5
5
240
89
42
70
2
20, 119
9
523
175
6
32 890
4
658
7
95
24
2°
310
3
48, 678
23
503
6
95
C
40
14
50
601
5
49, 378
6
419
14
124
895
3
1
5
3
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
2
2
1
8
69
60
20
2
10
357
412
2
4
1
2
3
1
SP *" ^
4
1
5
47
10
61
656
695
32
142
oo
1
6
f i? •
3
16
6
347
509
1
4»' TV" a"?™a IOD ° em ra e
' ^ " .
572
606
39
131
15
1
1
13
96
5
6
12
4
347
84
144
117
107
20
4
3
3
17
118
8
o
1
1
3
4
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
o
11
8
397
28
16
13
6
627
795
98
111
117
150
16
20
78
187
138
95
104
86
82
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
32
39
7
9
1
2
5
2
61 Otorrhcea
81
21
16
7
4
10
10
9
5
82
12
3
5
8
12
7
65
43
40
113
1,867
221
5 125
ORDEE IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
64. Aneurism
2
2
8
9
19
2
65. Inflammation of Heart .
12
1
66. Inflammation of Endocardium
1
7
1
54
1
67. Inflammation of Pericardium
1
o
3
68. Inflammation of Veins
69. Varicocele
36
27
83
63
60
125
3,580
268
9 350
70. Varicose Veins
44
28
44
647
184
1 422
65
71. Other Diseases of this Order
14
8
417
36
800
20
32
1
28
78
1,043
155
2 673
2
2
1
1
4
1
5
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
72. Asthma
73. Acute Bronchitis
1
74. Chronic Bronchitis
1
75. Catarrh
76. Haemorrhage from Nose
36
50
1
79
188
121
409
o
18
80
48
112
4
193
385
829
504
14
264
874
2, 677
77. Haemorrhage from Lungs
84
1
1
2
4
1
129
8
78. Dropsy of Chest
1
51
102
93
44
79. Inflammation of Larynx
2
3
9
o
1
53
184
313
527
3
409
720
2,124
393
2
140
276
375
314
6
388
1,123
2, 773
554
4
1
31
6
o
1
80. Inflammation of Pleura.
81. Inflammation of Lungs
5
10
10
3
82. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
83. Abdominal Dropsy
84. Cholera Morbus
223
385
1
480
592
1, 654
2
1
3
1
1
85. Colic
80. Constipation
87. Dyspepsia
1,155
224
Carried forward
19, 831
98
34, 982
210 ; 44,644
342
65, 385
674
72, 982
1,081
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1802.
149
TABLE XXIV.— ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES— Continued.
18(31.
1862.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH:.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
330, 745.
343, 572.
316,
Cases.
568.
314, 9G1.
395, 713.
388, 492.
367, 952.
279, 371.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. ; Deaths.
41
42
43
44
45
40
47
48
50
51
52
53
54
55
50
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
, 86
87
46, 681
13
624
12
138
1, 054
12
41, 511
22
577
17
141
3
923
13
32, 129
19
476
13
105
4
51
16
12
625
790
14
33, 577
33
504
17
85
10
35
20
38
665
503
31
80
11
8
21
8
756
93
125
944
11
64, 137
17
815
105
15
65
37
947
873
1,270
12
64, 204
16
825
1,614
14
62, 657
29
1, OC8
15
104
145
40
15
179
849
766
54
219
1,419
516, 824
195
7,126
151
1,203
416
494
167
7, 544
7, 517
10, 065
123
1
93
39
18
105
1
1
8
3
11
5
13
2
15
6
1
2
17
18
5
12
112
92
60
16
82
793
7F2
7
5
o
11
1
5
4
5
9
50
12
33
823
955
07
124
10
6
29
3
1,001
158
218
191
159
37
12
40
20
50
729
13
1
13
1
18
9
1
581
26
167
11
8
47
4
900
96
194
102
593
2
4
24
94
11
9
39
16
756
4
2
3
13
117
7
7
21
10
987
119
162
5
30
178
1
3
6
4
330
1,518
147
71
282
24
4?
5
9
32
8
21
41
861
68
154
106
85
31
27
18
886
95
136
8,553
1,173
1,770
1,458
1,409
263
1
1
91
171
134
132
150
79
85
16
7
3
11
11
17
3
177
144
28
93
209
26
10
3
19
8
19
5
93
1
123
07
1
18
9
6
18
17
5
47
51
1
1
4
1
9
15
10
10
27
18
109
41
20
10
27
14
121
173
35
152
107
73
986
774
730
1,169
26, 160
3, 893
83,665
406
1, 051
23
2 .7)1
1
6
21
15
42
3
3
3
3
5
1
9
19
9
35
8
165
12
9
5
78
75
75
158
4, 581
497
13, 152
45
120
4
329
515
1, 351
748
18
193
963
2,714
027
4
1
1
1
7
1
1
o
6
5
6
3
1
53
61
101
152
4,129
554
! 15,212
32
103
4
458
643
1,941
705
19
123
707
2, 353
46
57
70
2, 093
260
9, 669
22
95
87
60
104
1,157
391
3,858
117
58
111
792
311
2, 946
56
89
2
100
410
452
217
20
909
1, 806
2, 865
594
1
4
1
3
8
2
I
4
1
46
11
102
36
5
4
23
5
34
84
2 152
234
15
34
11
5
1
o
2
J
2
2
2
1
19
75
98
3, 124
366
11, 544
10
89
o
436
544
1,626
581
12
128
501
1,897
543
3
1
14
5
10
19
6
1
134
108
2, 124
630
7,884
67
121
4
226
799
1,606
291
11
438
1 421
9
1
12
8
7
1
4
7
1
40
88
1
156
548
877
387
30
617
1, 502
2, 620
644
1
1
2
7
1
5
19
361
16
2
83
5
2
4
13
259
27
3
7
3
2
245
15
2
5
1
2
5
477
32
3
2
364
453
1,471
306
9
128
652
1, 607
399
3
32
361
39
4
6
164
42
2
1
2
1
2
101
34
3
10
4
1
5,077
11,055
5,033
150
4, 306
11,366
27, 178
6, 134
1
1
1
1
2,739
652
1
L
77,637 1,408 jl 73,628
1, 523
57, 375
1,285
55, 194
1,504
88, 432
1, 699
82, 130
1,922
79, 610
1,670
751, 830
13, 422
150
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TAULE XXIV.— ABMY OF THE UNITED STATES— Concluded.
1861.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STKEXGTH, (not indud'g Tables JCI and XLY)
69,118.
109, 054.
1G2, 217.
252, 037.
296, 025.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases, i Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
19, 831
3-1
70
98
1
34, 982
56
119
43
216
4
2
44, 644
53
101
28
342 •
5
65, 385
131
205
674
8
3
233
17
18
479
139
46
350
927
38
14
22
1,063
543
11
1,081
'
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
t
7
o
12
19
317
170
42
11
378
1
143
Jj7
314
170
85
192
1
136
78
288
2
<i4 ri°UtC- "i fl- ' \- f I ' -
23
1
4
1
o
' .' T, irt 1U° " an
8-1
2')
57
19
1
259
857
19
18
31
620
657
8
10
o
1
A '
o
35
8
4
210
410
5
2
2
20
4
13
10
364
818
1
25
4
10
64
56
19
12
5
9
11
1
1
5
360
1
1
101 Other Diseases of this Order
2
468
13
2
6
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
103 Inflammation of Bladder
13
7
11
46
40
1
1
1(14 Diabetes
3
19
80
98
17
106 Difficulty of Urination
O*J
65
15
1
73
1C
15
44
79
6
2
3
K
17
37
1
1
1
1
185
35
8
°9
48
71
17
(•
1
59
16
5
1
90
5
13
6
1
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
113 Exosto^is
114. White Swelling
18
10
373
5
19
317
10
23
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
451
492
117. Carbuncle
15
51
185
229
124
129
150
132
118. Whitlow
144
309
85
356
312
119. Boil
300
357
442
465
120. Skin Diseases
335
303
2!;3
312 1
360 :
121. Ulcers
146
111
48
5
4
282
35
16
375 !
122. Other Diseases of this Order
192
182 '
141
132
CLASS V. —WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
123. Burns
51
8
6
388
43
33
60
11
8
543
93
32
50
1J
1
f»72
109
75
]03
124. Concussion of Brain
2
1
1
5
o
2
6
5
. 796
111
51
379
1
4
3
125. Compression of Brain
1
1
1
126. Contusion
1
1
127. Fracture
3
128. Dislocation
129. Sprain
103
192
157
1
200
266
251
130. Incised Wounds
328
310
80
391
20
1
3
1
91
4
6
14
372
405
102
579
1
5
78
3
4
17
27
],2<i5
131. Contused and Lacerated Wounds
239
75
1
204
57
329
1
o
77
1
1
o
12
305
68
295
25
5
3
56
132. Punctured Wounds
133. Gunshot Wounds
29
78
1
1
3
4
~~
134. Poisoning
135. Suicide
3
1
9
13(3. Others of this Class
2G8
504
197
653
1S8
556
236
673
273
578
83, 436
137. UNCLASSIFIED DISEASE-;
Total
23, 904
194 41,387
330
51,810 438
74, 284 848
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1862.
151
TABLE XXIV.— ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES— Concluded.
1861.
186Q.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MAUCII.
APRIL. MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
336, 745.
313, 572.
316, 568.
314, 961.
395, 713.
3t8, 492.
1
367, 952.
279, 3
71.
Cases. ; Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1,504
6
3
Cases. Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. ',
Deaths.
88;
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
,113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
137
1
77,637
127
355
34
13
627
169
94
366
945
27
13
45
1, 671
700
11
45
18
20
85
82
61
16
21
67
14
13
]4
15
649
122
150
448
f>';6
408
114
113
13
2
832
137
84
402
459
541
95
345
1,408 i
11 :
4
73, 628
103
177
31
558
1,523
14
5
57, 375
57
134
23
1,285
12
55,194
59
145
41
26
88, 432
84
240
4°
1, 699
6
6
82, 130
146
449
54
1,922
8
5
79, G10
151
320
33
18
751
1,670
9
3
751,830
1,154
2 554
13, 422
92
35
1
7
394
21
9
729
346
124
393
1
177
5,784
2,079
1, 138
3, 604
10, 922
344
3.18
281
11, 450
7,212
93
401
124
685
932
303
6
40
404
115
142
306
690
243
193
388
1,691
39
34
31
1, 292
668
40
18
9
89
107
33
10
1
4
5
1
o
1
140
66
402
1, 202
20
3
3
1
3
75
42
253
947
14
51
12
1
o
2
2
343
203
538
1, 453
54
10
40
480
560
53
15
44
156
110
37
4
2
13
3
910
27
2
10
1, 645
50
101
20
667
530
7
5
27
4
2
47
14
1, 369
438
10
4
11
1
7
6
68
0
9
46
1, 633
614
5
36
6
7
62
3
3
2
7
1
1
1
5
9
806
7
49
8
2
3
1
2
1
48
5
2
1
10
10
18
55
62
20
1
1
6
95
65
1
2
1
115 •• 2
21 !
52
24
1
122
35
12
1
9
a
4
19
12
120
336
23
°3
1
85
10
8
11
10
53
11
1
40
10
8
19
20
59
11
11
6
oo
3
58
10
7
3
30
527
1C8
105
1
67
8
12
2
771
111
111
206
5,269
1,187
1 1 007
n
6
12
6
14
647
139
1
i
13
323
68
102
201
1
505
85
2
1
301
74
6°
1
1
519
91
189
1
1
1
8
1
]09
311
518
116
305
230
301
225
;':Y«
451
368
288
U4
1
496
3:i7
77
545
573
5,146
4, (,1-3
1, 567
996
144
6:)
6, 889
1, 2 16
637
3, 150
4, 052
..
1, 360
17, 4!'S
2
5
1
393
141
128
10
3
727
115
77
373
314
136
1
1
328
90
87
17
4
495
101
54
220
354
564
2,672
34
1 336
i
99
6
4
537
94
. 80
269
113
81
15
19
538
167
43
1
o
1
1
7
57
3
549
142
45
325
551
435
4,641
4 ;
i
i
3
11
5
19
17
23
51
o
6
1
530
99
47
267
1
2
3
4
1
1
1
5
1
12
4
3
257
1
1
30
9
995
0
15
112
28
4,479
19
42
97
438
1
6
O
80
4
1
6
19
; 469
429
97
213
26
1
5
348
361
54
597
4
1
11
1
139
4
5
33
308
398
69
863
13
3
6
396
941
129
5, 931
27
o
19
2
1,363
0
8
18
132
1
20
5
1, 156
43
o
5
7
28
303
o
3
6
10
53
.,
294
2G4
678
234
503
198
535
17
38
461
550
621
204 5
420 69
3, 254
7, 049
8!',8.)2 1,578 85,081 ' 1,664
66,847 1,515 64,4(56
1, 915 106, 075 3, 331
95,724 3,077 95,255 3,004 878,16.5
19, 159
152 SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS DURING THE SECOND
FISCAL YEAR OF THE WAR,
JULY 1, 1862, TO JUNE 30, 1863.)
ATLANTIC REGION.
The reports of sick and wounded received from troops in this region are consolidated
into statistical tables for seven armies or departments, as follows:
1. The Department of the East • Table XXV.
2. The Middle Department • Table XXVI.
3. The Department of Washington Table XXVII.
4. The Army of the Potomac • Table XXVIII.
5. The Department of Virginia - - Table XXIX.
6. The Department of North Carolina • Table XXX.
7. The Department of the South • Table XXXI.
To these tables are added —
8. A table showing the mortality in the general hospitals of
the Atlantic Region • Table XXXII.
9. A consolidated table for the Atlantic Region - - Table XXXIII.
1. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST — TABLE XXV.
The Department of the East was created by General Orders No. 2, January 3, 1863,
to consist of the New England States and the State of New York, General J. E. Wool to
command. By General Orders No. 33, February 6, 1863, the State of New Jersey was
added. In this table the Department of the East is, for geographical reasons, made to
include all the reports received from the troops within the above limits and the State
of Pennsylvania. The table, therefore, embraces all reports received from troops in the
New England and Middle States, excepting the State of Delaware. The Departments
of the Monongahela and the Susquehanna, created June 9, 1863, by General Orders
No. 172, have not been separately consolidated. The boundaries of these departments
were as follows: The Department of the Monongahela embraced that portion of the State
of Pennsylvania west of Johnstown and the Laurel Hill range of mountains; the counties
DURING TILE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G3. 153
of Hancock, Brooke and Ohio, in the State of Virginia, and the counties of Columbiana,
Jefferson and Belmont, in the State of Ohio. The Department of the Susquelumna
embraced that portion of the State of Pennsylvania east of Johnstown and the Laurel Hill
range of mountains. The Department of the Susquelianna and that part of Pennsylvania
embraced in the Department of the Monongahela have been included in the present table.
Of the remaining portions of the Department of the Monongahela, the Ohio counties have
been retained in the Northern Department, and those belonging to West Virginia in the
Department of Western Virginia.
2. THE MIDDLE DEPARTMENT — TABLE XXVI.
This table embraces the reports received from troops stationed within the boundaries
indicated for the Middle Department during the year ending June 30, 1862. By
General Orders No. 66, March 16, 1863, Western Virginia was added to the depart
ment; but in these tables the reports from that district are kept separate, and the
boundary has been fixed at Hancock; all Maryland east of this point, except what is
included in the Department of Washington, being embraced in the Middle Department,
all west of it being consolidated with the Department of Western Virginia. This
boundary is that established by General Orders No. 186, June 24, 1863, by which the
Department of West Virginia was created, to consist of that part of the Middle De
partment west of Hancock, including the adjacent counties of Ohio. General Wool
continued to command the Middle Department until December 17, 1862, when General
K. 0. Schenck was assigned.
3. THE DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON — TABLE XXVII.
The Department of Washington, which, on the 17th of August, 1861, had been
merged into the Department of the Potomac, was again made a separate department by
General Orders No. 26, of February 2, 1863. It wns to consist of the district of country
north of the Potomac river, from Piscataway creek to Annapolis Junction and the mouth
of the Monocacy, and south by Goose creek and the Bull Eun Mountains to the mouth
of the Occoquan. General S. P. Ilcintzclman was assigned to command. These boundaries
have been observed in the present table for February and subsequent months. Prior to
that time the table embraces, under the same designation, the garrison of Washington
and the troops covering that city, which arc not included in the Army of the Potomac
Here, therefore, is consolidated during July and August, 1862, the Army of Virginia
under General John Pope. This army was created towards the close of June, 1862. It
embraced the garrison of Washington, the Army of the Rappahannock under General
•JO
154 SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
McDowell, and the armies of Generals Fremont and Banks, tlien in the Shenandoah
Valley. These armies were hastily concentrated, with, reinforcements from Western
Virginia and North Carolina, and the campaign made which led to the battle of Cedar
Mountain, August 9th, and terminated in the second battle of Bull Run, August 29th and
30th, and the battle of Chantilly, September 1st. Subsequently to these actions the
Army of General Pope was consolidated with the Army of the Potomac. The confusion
of this campaign has led to considerable imperfection in the returns for July and August.
%
4. THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC — TABLE .XXVIII.
This table embraces all reports received from the Army of the Potomac during the
year. The battle of Malvern Hill, July 1, 1862, was followed by the movement of the
army to Harrison's Landing, on the James river, where it lay until about the middle
of August, when General McClellan commenced moving his forces by water to effect a
junction with the Army under General Pope in front of Washington. Subsequently to the
second battle of Bull Run the Army of the Potomac, reinforced from the late Army of
Virginia, crossed into Maryland, and, marching by wav of Frederick, fought the battl.es
O J o J -J ™ >
of South Mountain, September 14th, and Antietam, September 16th and 17th. Subse
quently to these engagements the army remained in Maryland until near the close of
October, when it crossed the Potomac into eastern Virginia, and General McClellan being
relieved by General A. E. Burnside, November 7th, the march was continued to Falmouth,
on the Rappahannock, opposite Frcdericksburg. December 13th the battle of Fredericks-
burg was fought ; after which the army which had been thrown across the Rappahannock
for the attack was withdrawn to Falmouth. Towards the close of January General
Burnside was relieved by General Joseph Hooker, who, during the last few days of April,
crossed the Rappahannock and Rapiclan, and brought on the battle of Chancel! orsville,
May 2d, 3d, and 4th, after which the army was again withdrawn to Falmouth, in the
vicinity of which it lay till the middle of June, when General Hooker marched northward
and crossed into Maryland to meet the Rebel Army under General Lee, which had invaded
Maryland and Pennsylvania. June 27th General Hooker was relieved from command by
General George G. Meade, under whom the battle of Gettysburg was fought, July 1st, 2d,
and 3d. The table terminates, therefore, on the eve of this engagement.
5. THE DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA— TABLE XXIX.
This table embraces the reports received from Fortress Monroe and its vicinity,
including Xorfolk and Portsmouth. The boundaries recognized are those fixed by
General Orders Xo. 57, June 1, 1862, which extends the Department of Virginia to
DURING TEE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G3. 155
include that part of Virginia south of the Rappahannock and cast of the railroad from
Fredericksburg to Richmond, Petersburg, and Wcldon. General J. A. Dix took command,
in September, 1862. The most important movement during the year was the expedition
up the York river to the White House in the latter part of June, 1863.
6. THE DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA — TABLE XXXt
This table includes, as during the previous year, the reports received from troops in
North Carolina; General J. G. Foster was assigned to command December 24, 1862.
7. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH— TABLE XXXI.
Here are included the reports received from the troops at Hilton Head and the
various points occupied along the coast of South Carolina, Georgia, and the east coast
of Florida, including Fort Jefferson, Tortugas, and Key West. Key \Ycst and Tortugas
were transferred to the Department of the Gulf by General Orders No. 66, March
16, 1863, but are nevertheless retained in the table. General J. M. Brannari assumed
temporary command of the department September 5, 1862. September 17th General 0.
M. Mitchel took command. General Brannan again assumed temporary command
October 27th, and January 20th General D. Hunter resumed command. In June,
1862, a landing on James Island was effected by the troops in this department, with a
view to operations against Charleston, and in January, 1863, reinforcements arrived from
North Carolina having the same object in view.
156
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXV.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
18G2.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
1, C99.
2,322.
3, 020.
4, 191.
4, 614.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. , Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths, j Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
2
1
5
3
G
1
3
1
4
2
5
1
3 Tvpho-M'iHrial Fever
4
1
1
C
10
29
16
17
27
9
16
15
5
14
' ° m " c
4
16
G
2
39
10
7
21
9
5
9
56
C2
66
C8
23
20
17
1
25
7
3
17
IG
5
3
1
1
1
3
2 1
3
14
17. Scarlet Fever
1
18. Diphtheria
1
5
43
J
o
1
13
40
52
1
20. Epidemic Catarrh
21. Other Diseases of this Order
109
13
12
3
77
21
33
35
^
ORDER ll.—Enthetic Diseases.
22. Syphilis
28
23. Gonorrhoea
40
3
90
G
o
Go !
24. Orchitis
_
14
1
S3. Stricture of the Urethra
20. Purulent Ophthalmia
27. Serpent Uite
28. Other Diseases of this Order
0
4
C
ORDER III.— Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurry
5
4
1
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens
3
18
2
G
G
6
1
17
7
]
10
1
32. Inebriation
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathcfic Diseases.
35. Gout
36. Acute Rheumatism
12
23
3
4
1°
11
o
23
37
G
4
37. Chronic Rheumatism
8
8
18
8
38. Anosmia
39. G eueral Dropsy
1
40. Caneer
41. Tumors
o
o
1
3
3
1
42. Other Diseases of this Order . . .
1
6
1
1
15
3
ORDER II.— Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumpt ion
4
1
6
1
1
1
44. Scrofula
43. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
4G. I toh
8
]
47. Tape-worm
48. Othor Intostinsil Worms
1
49. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
315
1
353
5
30G
5
545
3
498
12
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G3.
157
TABLE XXV.
of the Department of the East.
1862.
1803.
DECEMbEIl.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
4, 916.
4, 629.
4, 180.
3, 738.
5, 331.
5, 549.
4, 337.
4, 044.
1
O
5
(i
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1C
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
t**)
27
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases
Deaths.
1
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
Cases.
Deaths.
9
0
15
1
8
1
13
1
6
2
4
75
5
20
15
4
4
13
3
12
13
10
14
1
13
14
7
18
19
13
1
1
50
8
7
6
6
4
32
15
143
167
208
31
5
goo
26
17
19
1
7
15
10
1
o
4-1
17
2;
:
16
102
64
5
o
59
18
9
70
A.3
9
118
5
25
1
7
4
1
2
223
147
6
44
25
13
1
4
1
1
4
1
23
1
I
9
o
4
3
5
4
4
3
2
9
13
17
34
67
16
Cl
81
14
4
1
G
59
19
70
110
351
1
10
37
74
43
70
G
3
1
1
22
12
1
1
9
"8
3
1
1°
1
6
7
37
43
1
64
o
76
15
34
54
17
10
39
49
5
8
45
421
486
C45
81
17
4
1
37
56
8
o
38
11
1
3
4
7
5
2
2
1
34
10
1
7
8
8
8
5
G
1
g
3
11
o
G
11
74
113
1
10
1
301
229
3
1
13
14
1
10
1
40
1G
4
28
23
4
3
18
30
11
1
30
11
7
33
43
0
2
36
oo
19
26
1
4
5
60
13
3
9
12
93
24
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
15
o
0
C
2
9
1
7
12
3
G
4
10
5
1
1
o
1
16
15
36
1
9
°8
11
16
140
o
I
1
550
6
612
4
431
2
461
1
412
4
4^8
3
403
1
5,317
47
I
158
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE XXV.— DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST— Continued.
YE \U
1869.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEITEMBER.
OCTOKEK.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STHEXOTII
1, C99.
O 300
3, 020.
4, 191.
4, 014.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. | Deaths.
Cases. ; Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
315
1
353
1
1
4
5
1
300
5
545
3
498
12
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
5
6
12
1
11
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
•-«' x f '
3
2
3
2
„
<w T>6 8-
3
'
1
1
ORDER II.— Diseases of Eye.
1
7
1
7
8
10
<J
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
68 F'iriclio
0
1
70 Deafness
1
1
71. Otorrhcea
1
3
72. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
5
1
74. Valvular Disease of Heart
1
75. Dropsy from Heart Disease
7i'. ] >ropsy of Pericardium
77. Inflammation of Pericardium
78. Inflammation of Endocardium
79. Inflammation of Veins
80. Varicose Veins
C
o
4
7
9
4
30
0
0
4
5
81. Varicocele
3
1
2
39
14
3
o
82. Other Diseases of this Order
7
1
33
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma
1
05
84. Acute Bronchitis
GO
4
83. Chronic Bronchitis
80. Dropsy of Chest
87. Haemorrhage from Nose
i
88. Inflammation of Larynx
1
1
o
89. Inflammation of Lungs
0
1
7
3
1
4
1
1
C
4
o
2
90. Inflammation of P'.eura
01. Haemorrhage from Lungs
o
r
92. Other Diseases of this Order.. .
0
3
30
°8
1
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
9
19
4
3
17
12
1
2°
39
94. Constipation
15
95. Cholera Morbus
1°
3
4
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
1
11
2
10
98. Dyspepsia
G
17
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
101. Fistula in Ano
1
4
1
13
1
8
102. Hernia
4
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
431
1
501 C
440
G
701
4
713
10
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1803.
TABLE XX^7.— DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST— Continued.
180^.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JAXUAUV. FEBRUARY. MAKCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JL'XE.
TOTAL.
4, 910.
4, 629.
4, 180.
3, 738.
5, 331.
5, 549.
4, 337.
4, 044.
50
.:
53
54
53
56
57
58
59
CO
Gl
62
63
64
65
66
07
08
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
70
78
79
80
81
82
63
84
85
80
87
88
89
9C
91
92
93
94
95
90
97
08
99
Oases. Deaths.
Cases. 1 Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. ! Deaths.
Cases. ' Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
550
1
o
21
6
612
1
8
24
4
431
1
o
1
404
o
5
12
1
1
412
4
428
2
4
9
3
403
1
5,317
8
40
104
5
3
1
3
13
100
9
1
7
5
2
124
47
3
3
1
1
3
19
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
91
10
10
5
20
14
8
2
10
1
1
3
1
1
o
1
1
1
2
1
14
1°
17
12
15
1
6
7
1
4
0
33
7
19
34
1
o
1
2
1
1
4
1
4
5
7
12
2
3
3
1
4
7
6
1
1
1
5
10
5
14
1
1
1
4
1
1
4
o
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
4
1
0
7;,
5
1
8
1
3
114
7
1
2
3
]
3
4
1
3
40
54
24
29
3
3
1
1
1
53
"L
1
no
1
01
16
24
084
93
I
14
12
10
0
4
4
8
1
2
6
20
19
1
1
12
10
4
4
4
7
2o
i
4
13
0
4
23
6
6
7
9
40
4
0
1
4
91
44
30
58
144
358
40
14
1
1
1
1
1
4
6
39
1
. 2
10
47
1
11
o<)
9
3')
10
32
1
1
o
3
10
3
21
2
11
14
13
181
13
18
19
!
: 1 00
10)
102
103
1
1
G
1
1
9
73
1
.,
1
11
n
4
1
')
4
4
1
781
10
943
8
805
8 750
4
683 7
591
3
507
1 1 7,006
74
1GO
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXV.— DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST— Concluded.
186S.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMIJEU.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMIiElt.
MF.AX STRENGTH
1, 699.
2 322.
3, 020.
4, 191.
4, 614.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases. ! Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
}ases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. ' Deaths.
l
431
1
501
C
440
6
761
4
713
16
OUUER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
104. Haemorrhage from Bowels . . .
5
3
11
2
00
21
44
105. Inflammation of Tonsils . .
1
3
1
100. Inflammation of Stomach ...
107. Inflammation of Bowels
1
1
1
4
10'.>. Acute Inflammation of Liver
3
4
4
00
5
15
14
11
16
111. Jaundice
6
C
3
r
9
3
ORDER VIL— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
o
o
3
1
1
o
I
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
3
1
3
4
5
4
o
OKDEK \lll.— Diseases of Bones and Joints.
~ ' Bdies
•
"' " 'imma
1
2
1
OKDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
2
C
6
9
6
12
13
18
14
13° Boils
17
134 Whitlow
1
10
2
19
1
12
10
20
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
OKDEK I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
I'.Vi. Burns
3
19
1
i:;7. Contusions
29
20
17
o-
138. Concussion of Brain
1
1
1
] 39. Drowning
140. Sprains
7
4
3
12
15
18
17
1
5
141. Dislocation
1
o
2
142. Simple Fractures
1
14;i. Compound Fractures
144. Gunshot Wounds
54
1
8
<-0
05
46
29
145. Incis»d \Vounds
4
7
6
5
11
1
14(1. Lacerated Wounds
9
147. Punctured Wounds
148. Poisoning
1
0
140. Other Accidents and Injuries
1
] 50. OKDEK II. — Homicide
151. OKDEK III.— Suicide
1
1
152. OKDEK IV. — Execution of Sentence
Total
r,
581
2
692
7
628
988
(i
951
17
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18(53.
1G1
TABLE XXV.— DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST— Concluded.
1802.
1803.
DECEMHEK.
JANUARY.
FEKKUAKY.
MAIICII.
AriiiL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
4, 91(5.
4, C29.
4, 180.
3, 738.
5, 331.
5, 549.
4, 337.
4, 0-14.
104
105
100
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
11 (i
117
118
119
120
121
1 '.'-.'
123
124
125
12G
128
12!)
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
140
147
148
14!)
150
151
ir,,>
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases, j Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths. 1 Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
781
10
943
8
805
8
750
4
683
7
591
3
5G7
1
7, 9GG
74
37
1
81
0
60
3G j
41
1
2
33
20
411
11
8
<)
13G
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1°
1
6
9
4
12
0
4
1
10
32
1')
15
17
0
13
1
1
7
10
2
7
J22
4
3
1
57
4
1
1
15
8
1
2
o
2
4
1
2
2
1
1
8
oo
3
1
3
3
o
9
15
3
23
i :::::
o
1
4
0
o
0
4
1
1
1
1
1
Ifi
2
14
1
3
1
3
3
o
3
1
4
5
9
2
198
175
8
3<J
148
2(i
3
o
1
24
1
25
14
9
3
5
3
35
17
1
24
28
14
°1
1
13
o
13
1
4
5
<5
18
1
7
10
3
1
2
8
7
45
5
20
8
3
1
9
2
37
0
30
37
1
43
1
47
384
4
1
o
i
18
1
8
31
14
o
8
1
4
°3
00
15
200
!
1
3
o
13
39
3!>8
51
G
o
3
41
3
6
4
9
4
1G
3
7
1
15
l
31
9
0
13
8
8
24
G
13
1
7
1
1
27
3
2
7
110
10
11
13
1
1
4
o
i
2
2
1
1
1
o
1
1
1
1, 025 12
1, 254
8
1,008
10
985
5
934
7
833
4
7G5
o
10,704 ; 86
21
162
SICKNESS AND MOETALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXVI.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YE \K
1869.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
12, 357.
9, 135.
19, 101.
21, 531.
21, 099.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. '• Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER \.— Miasmatic Diseases.
81
45
27
5
4
75
80
16
18
7
85
1
63
5
285
1
13
23
253
1
45
36
1
0 JTp '
•V "••
150
139
1°4
82
139
125
193
337
100
36
99
114
53
o
138
. v^uo i ii-n
98
3
9
1,847
23
5
549
94
81
6
23
. Qua an n umi c •
3
1 0°2
o
1
1
439
9
39
in ^onges*nc
1,215
3
1
1
' CU 6.
71
111
34
143
1
8
1
19
1
4
94
181
11
33
3
86
,
' D -
1
7°. ° J y
10
4
1
3
' ry&1 d V ' 1 'd
1
5
38
3
18 Diphtheria
45
13
1"
1
15
5
3
12
196
94
77
179
209
2
82
21 Other Diseases of this Order . .
98
61
133
1
139
29
1
90
45
224
1
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22. Syphilis
23. Gonorrhoea
62
167
21
24. Orchitis
3
7
o
10
25. Stricture of the Urethra
26. Purulent Ophthalmia
4
2
27. Serpent Bite
28. Other Diseases of this Order
o
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
4
3
2
9
3
o
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens
o
4
11
2
8
15
„
33. Inebriation
1
6
5
2
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
1
19°
36. Acute Rheumatism
135
30
35
90
204
119
14.3
37. Chronic Rheumatism
187
6
38. Anaemia
26 1
39. General Dropsy
1
3
1
1
1
o
40. Cancer
41. Tumors
18
G
1
1
7
1
7
1°
1
4-2. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER II.— Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
1
12
9
1
13
G
1
44. Scrofula
4
45. Other Diseases of this Order. . .
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch
11
16
47. Tape-worm
48. Other Intestinal Worms
]
10
1
49. Other Diseases of this Order.
Carried forward
1,294
2, 323
15
0*7
3,287
10
3,675
25
2,244
52
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
163
TABLE XXVI.
of the Middle Department.
1863.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAT.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
22, 833.
31, 551.
28, 043.
29, 836.
27, 390.
~~, *>3o.
9, 518.
21, 217.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
| Cases.
Deaths.
1
o
3
4
5
G
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
"JO
23
24
25
26
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
99
21
89
3
11
31
0
127
3
6
19
15
24
0
o
122
19
151
11
12
2
1, 655
142
237
194
18
3
20
18
0
44
74
48
20
3
204
46
50
5
9
494
155
30
27
183
40
56
2
0
173
145
100
5
282
125
1
27
1,731
1 337
8
60
9
1
356
41
1
832
4
108
31
7,446
691
1, 030
126
218
86
694
14
155
433
3 238
2
3
322
4
4
10
4
1
4
9
8
1
5
371
77
61
8
32
291
299
"41
65
58
11
34
16
235
5
17
74
574
17
118
158
37
7
11
66
65
15
1
53
2
85
68
31
16
20
70
1
1
15
106
1
*-o
45
11
6
1
3
2
5
3
o
27
19
OO
3
5
63
378
3
68
126
1
1
1
18
61
11
5
14
1
3
1
1
o
1
4
141
3
40
112
502
39
89
153
10
1
5
10
52
15
2
57
760
31
87
131
17
1
7
398
6
98
209
12
1
519
001
4
69
133
58
69
10
3
121
1 656
14
0
14
4
6
13
1
15
179
27
1
n
44
1
4
1
4
6
3
5
1
i
4
3
5
4
50
5
68
59
19
10
2
1,542
1, 474
292
33
6
23
9
4
9
1
1
4
10
2
1
1
1
5
1
1
2
8
5
2
4
8
4
4
5
4
o
1
2
4
1
1
2
1
20
112
213
85
o
243
209
63
1
1
161
153
209
120
100
40
18
1
143
30
o
101
26
2
39
1
1
16
1
o
o
1
1
5
o
28
1
3
2
o
3
1
16
14
1
47
35
o
10
5
17
1
7°
29
21
5
5
6
6
1
4
185
88
4
412
12
18
1
21
97
1
1
68
1
2
50
4
2
35
16
1
1
1
2,496 32 2,981 , 26 2,035 ; 29 j 2,760 40 2,227 33 ; 1,666 17
684
2 27,872 308
164
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXVI.— MIDDLE DEPARTMENT— Continued.
1862.
y R AU
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
"I O '
'57.
Deaths.
9, 135.
19, 101.
21, 531.
21, 099.
LIST OP DISEASES.
Cases.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
2,323
15
1, 294
27
3,287
1
11
31
o
10
1
3,075
1
25
1
2 244
52
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
8
71)
5
77
3
1
33
00
3
1
1
10
1
99
1
39
5
4
92
42
1
1
18
6
3
3
4
3
11
10
3
1
1
3
0
3
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
1
31
11
13
1
40
2
55
8
4
C
C
4
o
C
9
14
2
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
2
24
G
o
4
1
12
3
5
12
5
4
ORDER IV.— Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
-
3
1
15
1
0
2
1
6
4
1
4
244
o
7
19
11
18
243
18
24
1
o
M
82. Other Discuses of this Order
1C
1
1
0
189
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma
2
84. Acute Bronchitis
180
5
37
85. Chronic Bronchitis
30
30
86. Dropsy of Chest
87. Haemorrhage from Nose
4
21
5
0
56
34
12
100
84
307
42
2
22
88. Inflammation of Larynx
5
3
89. Inflammation of Lungs
4
18
18
9
5
2
24
28
5
00. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Haamorrharre from Lungs
4
12
111
2 17
4
1
0
31
8'3
92. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
33
C8
29
C8
115
94. Constipation
174
22
95. Cholera Morbua
23
2
121
2
1
90. Cirrhosis of Liver
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease „
o
0
98. Dyspepsia
20
40
41
25
47
90. Diseases of Pancreas
]();). Diseases of Spleen
101. Fistula in Ano
1
8
1
1
41
o
] 02. Hernia
1
4
3')
! 103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
1
1
3,159
10
1, 590
30
4,101
14
5,010
30
3,311
59
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G3.
1G5
TABLE XXVI.— MIDDLE DEPARTMENT— Continued.
1863.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
Ai'iiiL. MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
22, 853.
31, 551.
28, 043.
2:1, 836.
27, 390.
22 553.
9, 518.
21, 247.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
60
67
68
69
70
71
72
715
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
08
99
100
101
102
103
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
29
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
2,496
32
2,981
17
107
26
1
2, 035
1
10
105
o
2,760
o
40
2,227
33
1,866
1
o
17
C84
1
6
G
o
27 872
9
93
729
308
3
3
9
69
1
1
1
4
69
5
2
9
61
4
5
4
75
2G
17
15
11
34
2
6
8
1
1
3
1
9
4
64
1
1
3
3
1
o
1
1
1
o
6
3
1
0
1
1
14
0
5
87
1
o
95
1
76
1
42
725
1
2
1
28
19
93
24
1
1
3
24
4
4
1
12
o
7
1
60
1
38
7
426
33
45
53
o
36
11
1
4
1
•V
1C
46
193
3
3
36
1
5
1
6
22
1
3
1
28
0
4
2
7
7
28
8
9
20
5
5
40
33
126
7
6
23
1
14
3
1
1
10
2
60
13
12
40
10
2
73
117
41
100
2,007
310
3
30
1
17
1
2
4
1
1
1
4
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
7
1
3
10
4
0
12
3
2
6
•
1
7
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
3
2
1
1
4
13
1
1C
317
55
6
14
8
182
20
17
15
G
13
3
19
161
50
3
7
1
I
88
13
1
o
1
2
o
1
14
141
53
1
12
193
32
47
1
5
1
9
44
158
73
10
38
44
196
2
C
57
123
46
46
33
43
16
73
35
5
19
58
ieo
5
37
138
26
15
33
31
6
64
32
254
5
1
11
]3
15
109
40
10
72
GO
157
8
1
7
11
2
74G
398
121
45G
671
2,019
GO
1
1
4
7
74
43
1
2
1
13
3G
7
1G2
O.JO
165
8
9
2
6
1
6
50
14
1
18
**o
G
1
303
37
365
4
14
5
1
1
1
0*7
4
10
31
4
oo
35
oo
5
0
0
8
48
1
3
37
1
48
1
3
14
17
6
"26
G
1
1
|
3, 4G8
40
4,372
42
3 254
48
4, 199
i ; 3, 264
45
2,517
19
859
2
39, 170
410
1GG
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXVI.— MIDDLE DEPARTMENT— Concluded.
y K \u
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
KOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
12, 357.
9, 135.
19, 101.
21,531.
21, 099.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
3,159
1G
1,596
39
4.. 161
14
5,010
30
3,311
1
113
5
6
1
5
4
681
63
1
3
1
59
OUDEU VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
15
15
3
09
"7
101
5
1
20
6
131
105. Inflammation of Tonsils . . .
4
1
12
1
10G. Inflammation of Stomach
4
o
1
1
1
1
1
1
C
1
28
24
38
r>
3
101). Acute Inflammation of Liver
130. Chronic Inflammation of Liver
10
9
6
03
111. Jaundice
28
33
47
42
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
6
1
1
1
1
0
3
4
o
9
9
10
4
0
1
1
1
3
o
1
1
1
14
3
7
9
3
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
1
7
1
o
3
4
1
1
51
74
3
4
49
1
1
o
1
ORDEH IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
6
20
3
9
C2
24
61
21
48
53
11
6
2
18
0
7
8
47
7
10
12
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
130 Burns
3
3
41
1
15
25
19
1
°7
138. Concussion of Brain
o
1
1
133. Drowning
]
140. Sprains
3
o
9
3
1
4
50
1
0
49
141. Dislocation
4
3
142. Simple Fractures
4
5
143. Compound Fractures
1
20
18
10
1
7
13
17
4
2
18
2
7
7
8
108
10
6
3
1
14
10
49
4
3
3
1
145. Incised Wounds
146. Lacerated Wounds
1
147. Punctured Wounds
3
19
149. Poisoning
149. Other Accidents arid Injuries
]
4
1
5
1
2
0
130. OKDEIS II. — Homicide
151. OKDEU III. — Suicide
152. OHDER IV. — Execution of Sentence
Total
i
27
3,511
17
1,797
30
4, 650
5,757
40
4,513
69
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
167
TABLE XXVI.— MIDDLE DEPARTMENT— Concluded.
1863.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
22, 833.
31, 551.
28, 043.
29, 830.
27, 390.
22, 553.
9, 518.
21,247.
104
105
10G
107
10,-
l.l)!l
110
111
112
113
114
115
11C
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
120
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
130
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
141)
150
151
153
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Death 3.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. ; Deaths.
3,408
1
200
]
3
40
4, 372
o
42
3, 254
1
48
4, 199
05
3,204
1
111
0
45
2, 517
1
41
3
19
859
o
39, 170
7
1 3'* 8
410
273
201
00
1
7
3
12
15
8
3
3
0
1
78
40
10
07
83
1,519
533
210
o
4
4
3
1
1
1
7
1
C
12
1
10
21
79
81
12
3
1
5
1
1
4
1
26
13
18
195
72
1
2
1
6
5
07
54
11
4
2
5
1
3
4
18!)
3
83
1
20
3
73
11
44
3
3
5
32
1
11
1
1
1
o
11
27
4
31
141
25
14
49
6
10
30
4
17
14
6
407
483
09
130
6
5
1
1
15
7
1
9
3
4
o
15
25
o
4
1
o
5
1
1
1
7
3
1
3
3
2
3
4
2
3
7
3
4
3
3
1
5
1
3
1
1
3
4
1
1
4
1
3
o
1
1
1
20
48
5
10
38
10
38
o
1
o
3
1
1
1
13
39
8
11
16
1
o
"
1
33
48
C2
25
44
28
53
1
3
18
4
oo
14
4
0
2
<j
17
3
23
17
19
45
35
301
97
11
37
0
18
19
3
20
13
328
11
1
1
0
1
o
o
0
1
1
45
3
7
1
11
10
4
2
50
40
4
9
44
03
3
4
44
8
408
24
04
6
335
122
71
40
27
70
3
15
1
<;
_
1
22
21
1
11
10
1
o
35
0
4
2
32
4
0
27
8
11
5
0
0
1
39
I
1
14
7
1
4
3
1
15
1
0
1
5
1
2
1
8
3
~
3
0
13
o
1
0
o
1
4, 330
48 : 5,423
47
3,999
56
4, 802
75
3,850
51
2,871
29 1,025
9 40, 594
498
168
SICKNESS AND MOKTALITY OF WHITE TKOOPS
TABLE XXVII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEFTEMTSK.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
70, 086.
51, 878.
16, 840.
35, 055.
44, 335.
LIST OF DISEASES.
2ases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Dases. I
Deaths.
CLASS 1. -ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
C44
31
458
49
1
1
353
7
194
27
100
10
508
4
158
31
3
3
791
9
415
80
1
2
C2
990
CCS
473
130
29
4,543
437
554
85
y51
2
546
367
452
187
261
506
396
208
3
397
339
6. Quotidian Intermittent Fever
260
156
7
4
2,845
215
310
51
7. Tertian Intermittent Fever
37
8
2,392
58
31
31
2, 819
351
233
21
0
o
3
854
138
121
°1
3
1
5
2
4
3
272
GO
1
1
13. Chronic Dysentery
2
8
5
50
13
12
4
75
15
42
148
628
1
3
11
1
1
282
1
8
10
1G4
189
120
41
3
1
1
1
99
256
10
C
103
C9
106
933
141
3
589
98
1
1
186
173
269
1
OUDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
248
124
8
7
1
19
5
10
30
10
11
5
~ ' uru c p
o
13
G
o
3
6
OUDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29
43
1
17
5
10
1
1
1
6
3
6
8
o
4
10
45
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
OEDEU I.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
o
3G. Acvite Rheumatism
CG7
503
29
8
185
96
90
17
6
"r>l
381
G01
34
7
o
1 ....
37. Chronic Rheumatism
2°0
305
1
24
41
3
1
3'J. ( ieueral Dropsv
40. Cancer
1
10
1°
41. Tumors
15
72
48
1
4
12
2
5
1
32
41
15
42. Other Diseases of this Order
16
29
7
13
1
6
ORDEU II. — Tubercular Diseases.
i
15
6
o
o
2
2
44. Scrofula
4."). Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
4(5. Itch
4
40
47. Tape-worm
J
48. Other Intestinal Worms
20 c
6
14
49. Other Diseases of this Order
1° 219
64 6, 303
34
2,667
18
7,036
54
8,390
116
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
169
TABLE XXVII.
of the Department of Washington.
1809.
1803-
DECEMUER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MAUCU.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
—
51, 862.
52, 521.
53, 309.
54, 817.
44, 338.
43, 320.
23, 779.
45, 178.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
l
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
15
1C
17
18
19
20
21
00
24
25
26
27
28
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
3t?
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
40
47
48
49
572
7
342
83
3
8
5
251
68
o
4
383
3
201
42
1
4
3.10
1
153
44
1
4
120
2
49
26
2
159
3
83
18
0
56
9
4, 381
72
2,309
493
16
52
3
217
177
189
8
14
1,600
256
252
30
48
74
213
2G
127
147
651
285
136
204
7
4
200
143
146
14
20
1,055
464
153
1
181
130
118
9
3
799
132
153
27
32
50
417
3
32
205
290
22G
295
151
033
1
108
88
181
20
4, 143
3,013
2,787
372
127
20, 374
2, 519
2,842
355
330
348
1,963
60
399
1,201
3,460
3,006
1 393
7
1
164
176
10
2
919
105
187
33
77
226
7
51
171
541
189
189
4
7
671
80
171
1
44
6
874
76
145
G
1
1
1
1
1
1
12
12
13
15
5
4
29
19
o
11
5
1,004
36
285
8
13
9
2
3
21
19
08
100
106
10
7
1
3
1
1
3
1
15
32
95
448
4
CG
210
48G
71
140
138
2')
1
1
4
8
1
2
7
2
15
44
21
172
23
9
26
1
27
5G
124
8 ;
o
8
2
1
1
0
5
1
1
25
124
325
1
1
4
260
1
15G
117
112
225
139
6?
112
1
8
114
194
07
73
123
12
4
3
IG5
13
2
1
2, 016
301
69
50
o
67
125
32
11
4
7
1
5
8
1
11
3
6
4
10
G
3
8
o
14
4
1
10
20
C
12
'
1°
10
6
1
11
21
5
3
2
1
7
14
4
3
4
392
1
3
o
14
89
104
38
76
7
3,596
4,630
419
75
5
50
3G6
399
1G6
28
508
11
100
15
3
5
o
9
7
3
10
6
8
o
o
1°
4
1
1
121
79
18
408
661
59
4
1
1
1
291
451
GO
7
1
362
469
250
24 G
192
233
1
38
5
4°
10
47
1
2
12
1
G
48
43
22
0
1
35
44
11
1
70
1
8
7
23
o
38
03
27
5
59
12
13
59
50
10
7
51
13
15
15
14
13
9
3
17
1
3
4
o
4
26
18
2
46
1
1
24
o
4
53
153
1
11
1°
o
7, 023 12G
G.010
105
4,615
69
5, 242
C8
3,471
36
3,310
40 2, 4G4
1
13
66,840
743
170
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TKOOPS
TABLE XXVII.— DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON— Continued.
YEAU
18GJ2.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NoyEJIBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
70, 080.
51, 878.
16, 840.
35, 055.
44, 335.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Brou bt forward
12, 219
4
18
2(5!)
17
4
7
04
o
6,393
1
17
90
7
2
4
34
1
1
2,667
1
7
26
18
7,036
54
8,390
1
°7
116
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diteases of Nervous System.
17
128
217
1
5
4
7
4
48
150
16
1
1
o
o
8
1
8
15
99
9
1
oo
1
4
3
1
1
22
188
5
59
44
8
4
141
G
o
1
91
2
° .
34
5
1
3
25
22
2
2
53
6
1
1
7
1
11
3
1
100
7
3
26
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
1
2
^7
72
0
1
3
7
24
17
36
37
4
31
10
1
9
19
15
1
4
o
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
73
21
10
19
0
3
1
14
7
70. Deafness - .
3
3
2
71 Otorrhoea
3
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
4
12
1
1
3
4
1
77. Inflammation of Pericardium
3
3
1
49
6
1
1
78. Inflammation of Endocardium
2
1
70. Inflammation of Veins
1
15
24
80. Varicose Veins
12
8
7
o
48
50
8
44
909
42
81. Varicocele
21
4
13
233
82. Other Diseases of this Order
1C
34
5G8
37
7
14
007
1
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma
10
78
84. Acute Bronchitis
1
85. Chronic Bronchitis
15
()
15
8G. Propsy of Chest
1
25
87. Haemorrhage from Nose
14
12
0
14
27
88. Inflammation of Larynx
39
58
95
11
24
43
13
4
4
16
5
8
94
47
42
04
128
17
164
1
7
1
89. Inflammation of Lungs
3
180
76
1
90. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Haemorrhage from Lun^s
8
25
27
8-3
005
92. Other Diseases of this Order
15
173
183
108
1
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs.
03. Colic
384
048
240
210
94. Constipation
341
134
010
78
95. Cholera Morbus
2
1
1
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
97. Dropsy from Hepal ic Disease
9
204
4
143
1
97
4
108
98. Dyspepsia
40
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
9
1
3
o
101. Fistula in Ano
4
90
„
4
7
94
5*
102. Hernia '.
80
03
1
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
o
i
Carried forward
i
15, 757
77
7,890
44
3,198
19
9,063
59
11, 936
135
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G3.
171
TABLE XXVIL— DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON— Continued.
1802.
18(33.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
AruiL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
51, 862.
52, 521.
53, 309.
54, 817.
44, 338.
43, 320.
23, 779.
45, 178.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
ei
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
"TO
73
74
75
76
••
78
79
80
81
83
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
9C
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
100
103
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
7, 023
4
37
164
4
4
1
8
25
236
11
126
6,010
5
33
133
5
10
7
19
10
195
105
1
1
4,615
69
5, 242
4
31
235
68
3,471
1
17
157
36
1
3,310
2
9
40
2,464
13
1
68, 840
23
245
],842
58
49
33
67
164
1,618
79
92
298
35
17
1 288
743
6
6
3
24
129
5
6
1
6
17
151
8
1
8
106
1
182
4
o
2
1
11
Igi
o
3
4
2
1
8
95
3
3
7
2
8
3
o
2
1
2
2
1
2
3
1
1
27
13
1
1
1
7
133
1
65
2
4
5
1
11
6
1
2
2
7
44
3
81
7
3
158
2
3
7
54
13
4
1
137
1
33
3
4
125
o
9
3
161
4
3
12
84
32
13
31
7
1
20
o
88
1
2
97
1
4
5
43
4
1
23
60
2
3
7
88
8
8
39
1
1
15
5
1
6
2
4
s
34
°9
o
10
61
27
109
552
180
65
266
41
4
118
14
7
42
15
9
356
408
C9
349
7,135
615
8
143
475
1,541
835
168
2,151
1,915
32
3
2
17
34
3
25
12
9
33
4
36
3
17
1
1
2
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
2
1
30
2
o
14
2
1
14
1
1
4
4
1
1
7
4
3
51
79
6
70
1, 074
49
4
33
41
194
128
26
578
190
560
54
5
5
1
1
26
31
5
1
1
19
20
45
47
48
5
22
14
12
2
13
133
21
48
9
54
13
1
15
2
1
4
16
749
54
<
34
S47
85
2
950 3
1^3
1,045
113
1
322
52
7
1
1
11
41
194
76
12
2
1
16
100
243
91
7
84
254
93
16
292
4
33
159
60
13
117
95
1
3.3
1
32
1
24
1
1
21
10
41
25
7
33
91
112
43
4
4
161
o
3
31
20
62
52
6
38
QO
6
2
18
383
124
1
1
1
415
91
146
363
095
263
202
234
3,663
713
4
1,297
4
5
9
17
9
4
148
3
1°4
11
68
7
103
„
139
83
40
3
8
85
6
1
9
33
1
1
2
35
22
00
824
34
6
116
4
8
114
4
4
71
1
3
23
1
1
11,361
175
9,708
153
7,640
106
8,754
106
5,681
62
4,879
51
3,427
18
99,300
1, 005
J
172
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXVII.— DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON— Concluded.
YEAH
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
70, 086.
51, 878.
16, 840.
35, 055.
44, 335.
LIST OP DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
ht f rwird
15, 757
77
7,896
44
3,198
19
9,063
59
11, 936
18
332
135
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
114
34
28
93
40
21
20
74
9
10
1
8
15
43
51
18
1
1
1
0
3
39
35
168
110
• 42
14
3
14
9
307
78
86
12
3
3
3
oo
30
1, 045
194
146
132
191
7
3
0
60
4
4
4
3
30
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
2
1
2
7
1
ISC S 0
T 'fl008 f T" 1
27
12
13
7
o
1
23
0
41
10
53
18
29
0
2
5
3
37
4
56
3
3
50
6
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
1
1
1
o
0
1
8
29
5
1
1
132
6
5
4
116
127
„
o
2
1
38
130 Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess
170
119
26
101
40
OO
132 Boils
95
133 Carbuncle
4
4
oo
6
18
33
19
07
134 Whitlow
29
11
77
4
130
135. Skin Diseases
ooo
44
20
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
10
153
3
1
25
137. Contusions
98
84
138. Concussion of Brain
1
1
1
1
1
4
130. Drowning
140. Sprains
55
17
14
16
8
36
10
62
117
10
10
3
141. Dislocation
9
8
142. Simple Fractures
4
8
143. Compound Fractures
144. Gunshot Wounds
77
78
2
2,609
24
149
13
11
20
4
11
o
14
41
24
o
34
105
143. Incised Wounds
140. Lacerated Wounds
48
23
20
1
1
163
13
9
13
1
o
10
14
6
5-1
147. Punctured Wounds
0
148. Poisoning
4
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
40
3
1
150. ORDER II. — Homicide
151. ORDER III.— Suicide
o
>
152. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence
1
Total
136
17, 740
89
11, 684
205
3, 599
22
10, 453
67
14, 719
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18(53.
173
TABLE XX VII.— DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON— Concluded.
18G3.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
51,802.
52, 521.
53, 309.
54, 817.
44, 338.
43, 320.
2:?, 779.
45, 178.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. I Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths. ; Cases.
Deaths.
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
140
147
148
149
150
151
153
11,361
10
3DO
17
4
25
21
791
254
4
3
7
3
9
23
10
5
20
1
8
6
175
9, 708
7
339
13
153
7,640
7
"10
106
8,754
8
347
8
11
1
3
106
5,681
1
244
1
4,879
3
134
51
3, 427
18
99, 300
54
1.C05
1
73
13
17
13
9
2
17
14
402
13
4
9
G
3
5
7
132
1
1
233
159
24
200
r
12
1
I ;
10
2
o
15
19
610
183
147
20
13
9
150
144
9
4
1
1
16
4
22
19
297
204
4, 107
1, 000
739
66
22
38
11
89
315
102
153
52
172
165
120
108
58
13
68
7
1
3
2
6
4
1
10
1
9
3
3
G
6
7
5
1
3
1
1
15
13
34
7
°6
11
24
3
13
2
9
5
4
1
2
47
8
OQ
1
11
17
9
9
o
3
3
3
10
18
1
4
30
1
11
1
o
6
7
3
1
24
13
22
156
3
53
11
1,156
1,209
7
16
1
5
8
G
1
7
o
5
7
3
0
1
1
64
95
2
80
157
136
147
39
02
26
107
1
87
58
102
o
100
124
74
61
4
12
o
8
8
6
34
87
20
71
G
19
57
9
18
40
17
108
1
140
2C5
r,n
49
16
69
20
763
194
1,138
13
16
87
9
88
118
1
1
o
7
3
3
117
12
9
0
41
7!)
49
10
o
55
VM
85
14° '
117
129
81
7
5
o
1,005
100
140
17
3, 142
C06
380
134
73
345
8
13
10
4
8
10
6
12
11
1
80
37
10
9
3
14
4
5
3
110
71
16
13
1
20
2
37
4°
-'
55
64
2
10
58
51
7
11
181
3
4
3
37
4
G
1
1
10
8
3
35
4
15
G
23
8
12
3
C
1
4
7
37
1
2
1
1
8
o
ea
1
1
1
j 14,012
I ;
164 12,104 101
9,278
115
10,643
120
0,968
75
G.OC6
C7
4,118
41
121, r£4 l,Cf3
174
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXVIII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YE VK
1863.
JIOXTII
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
ME.VS STUEXOTII
10G, OG9.
G9, 320.
149, 052.
171, 258.
172, 271.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDEI: I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
938
11
7-13
121
4
348
3
275
28
1
1
330
7
446
21
984
17
534
101
1
11
852
7
522
116
5
17
5. Remittent Fever
1,002
1, 271)
115
40
1C, 234
1, 549
1,683
310
55
20
7
1
1,100
027
503
4°
8
1, 5G8
1,440
3
2,004
2,110
12
1, 412
1,122
13
838
1,089
1, 124
177
40
13, 746
1, 992
1, 21G
180
59
307
127
16, 527
2,078
2, 029
292
03
1
239
76
40
10, 408
1,830
1, 437
201
87
5
1OQ
Jo
7
4
9
10
5
38
0, 657
1,410
770
74
47
8
3
11
o
1
4
o
8
8
22
15
4
5
0
46
X.O
8
1
iromc
13. Chronic Dysentery
2
1
28
6
1
8
o
2
1
o
32
48
708
728
302
4
1
7
20
52
1,436
308
245
1Q M P
38
12
8
30
818
05
13
91
1,339
207
. .
10
1, 954
120
19
5
7
ORDER IT. — Enthetic Diseases.
80
61
21
63
407
41
17
610
78
19
5
o
412
00
19
4
8
o
28 Other Diseases of this Order
13
84
o
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29 Scurvy
1,139
2
291
107
1
137
3
7
8
1
30 Purpura
3
3
3
4
1
13
18
11
25
1
0
33. Chronic Alcoholism
9
4
1,622
40
1
1,627
1,580
240
40
1
10
20
119
*J7
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout ... ... ...
3
1 1(J5
1
414
377
12
36. Acute Rheumatism
954
1
1
C44
47
995
1 74°
78
35
151
358
53
3
1
39. General Dropsy
34
1
11
80
107
27
30
7
19
35
13
•11. Tumors
10
90
59
24
^"4
or
o
11
OKDEH II. — Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
4
3
1
140
43
5
44. Scrofula
45. Other Diseases of this Order
10
58
8
39
i
49
7
on
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
4G. Itch
47. Tape-worm
48. Other Intestinal Worms
31
15
42
4'J. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
32, 437
219
14, 246
71
20, 741
40
30, 530
205
25, 921
208
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
175
TABLE XXVIII.
of the Army of the Potomac.
18C3.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
Al'UII,.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
213, 043.
200, 714.
175, 850.
17(5, 638.
149, 182.
128, 009.
106, 967.
151, 531.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.!! Cases. 'Deaths.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
20
27
28
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
40
47
48
49
1, 388
0
899
287
2
57 !
1, 195
01
906
192
11
38
757
43
509
141
15
32
767
35
418
173
10
33
468
10
279
86
5
17
217
16
300
50
2
7
198
0
7
' 8,442
203
6, 044
1, 323
51
223
5
1,070
1, 026
762
219
40
12, 043
2, 728
1, 640
398
142
12
115
1
30
97
o ~o>7
441
328
407
56
10
11
1
2
5
5
111
17
15
1
o
5
1, 790
870
819
70
41
10, 874
2,660
. 1,540
319
132
30
203
o
3
1,401
510
477
77
34
7,560
2, 012
1, 097
210
106
42
212
6
1
1
1,325
539
544
36
27
6,478
1, 502
849
123
137
37
305
17
1,177
536
480
78
31
3, 757
954
481
go
93
104
42
o
1,081
621
4
824
450
309
45
1
18, 184
10, 919
9, 383
1,290
518
114,129
20, 302
13, 949
2, 315
1, 027
255
1,341
12
240
647
12, 039
106
9
4
3
61
39
441
93
CO
11
24
28
1
29
1
559
48
42
6,272
580
781
46
55
9
19
1
1
3
23
1
10
11
4
00
9
6
4
4
4
12
3, 513
461
426
20
8
00
5
5
0
r
5
1
4
2
78
4
15
0
5
10
13
3
1
6
1
1
o
1
51
12
26
1
11
36
73
3
39
3
42
93
2
24
94
o
7
47
321
1
10
29
1
2 213
1, 463
184
218
173
1 778
1,140
313
130
153
39
120
57
88
131
21
14
234
247
187
5
1
1S3
197
211
2
1
152
89
80
°4
1
6,711
2, 302
71
1
i
93
f>7
58
28
39
593
18
4
8
12
12
7
1
1
209
91
5
59
2,377
56
65
133
23
155
43
15, 795
15,831
472
73
153
402
1, 354
512
36
C!>8
34
309
15
o-
23
3
10
137
4
2
15
3
40
3
2, 219
2,210
336
64
11
o*u
197
49
6
105
4
24
7
1
18
106
7
5
6
15
8
2, 596
2, (.48
358
47
8
18
39
190
4
120
10
9
10
3
30
1
1
0
5
79
13
5
10
3
59
14
4
10
6
4
6
6
2
5
37
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
4
3
0
8
1
342
1
8
4
1
0
1
1
6
6
1, 350
1 708
0
3
1
3
1
1
1, 7 12
1 S77
1
1 029
o
735
8
5
19
8
1, 051
231
4
19
17
83
43
3
70
1
075
235
1
324
129
6
4
306
48
4
10
20
o
47
10
17
36
193
70
8
114
4
1
1
8
10
11
37
39
1
26
1
4
1
*-8
IS
4
107
18
155
77
4
17
16
2
o
1
3
3
4
o
1
50
6
1
35
10
11
1
1
1
32, 090
593
31, 020
410
21, 884
317
19, 671
358
13, 172
158
13, 269
95
7,951
23 I 273, r. 44 2.7G3
176
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXVIII.— ARMY OF THE POTOMAC— Continued.
YKAU
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
106, 069.
69, 320.
149, 052.
171, 258.
172, 271.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
46
1
1
Cases.
)eaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
32, 437
5
219
14, 246
7
16
132
71
5
o
26, 741
4
54
371
32
7
3C.536
11
99
485
205
6
1
25, 921
8
7'.)
339
268
8
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— -Diseases of Ferrous System.
40
429
3
15
o
1
1
5
1
1
o
26
10
16
21
10
5
7
17
57
433
33
3
1
4
1
2
18
243
28
73
41
10
1
136
7
18
27
58
41
14
27
1
6
1
136
8
254
51
463
13
53
19
5
1
09
1
1
1
15
48
81
11
4
168
8
33
36
13
76
15
o
1
40
9
5
ORDER 11. — Diseases of Eye.
13
211
245
5
9
36
19
126
7
18
19
36
14
3
12
1
13
54
12
25
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
115
11
20
14
27
15
55
5
1
34
6
1
11
8
1
139
143
37
80
633
126
32
g
OUDEH IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
8
~4 V 1 • 1 IV " of Heart
4
44
4
1
5
5
1
119
0
' ' '' ^ dlf >n T).
7f' D™1?^ ^Pericardium
7
6
3
o
7
30
40
19
13
462
1
j
4
69
76
47
1
2
1
1
66
114
41
46
1,099
60
1
9
25
104
15
95
4
2
2
2
1
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma
84. Acute Bronchitis
937
74
1
13
20
59
144
28
1
1, 521
85. Chronic Bronchitis
25
256
80. Dropsy of Chest .
4
16
55
149
218
1
28
87. Haemorrhage from Noso
12
88. Inflammation of Larynx
20
26
69
9
14
567
468
334
1
3
1
114
234
293
50
1
11
o
89. Inflammation of Lungs
67
135
4
90. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Haniiorrbage from Lungs
26
34
236
916
657
92. Other Diseases of this Order
50
865
656
1
132
981
1
399
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
1
646
910
142
1
44
479
1
7
17
315
13
1
94. Constipation
95. Cholera Morbus
5
3
499
7
280
2
1
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
97. Dropsv from Hepatic Disease
30
6
158
9
330
37
" 410
98. Dyspepsia
42 2
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
11
13
5
4
138
9
15
101. Fistula in Ann
28
103. Hernia
314
4
233
501
10
1
1
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
7
()
Carried forward
38, 075
240
17, 211
93
32, 281
63
43, 378
234
33, 313
310
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18GJ.
177
TABLE XXVIII.— ARMY THE POTOMAC— Continued.
18(53.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JAM: AH Y.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JI..NE. TOTAL.
213, 043.
200, 714.
175, 856.
176, 638.
149, 182.
128, 009.
106, 967.
151,531.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. | Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
GO
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
t- !
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
32, 696
13
88
608
8
4
18
49
553
39
593
6
3
31, 020
15
98
635
9
3
15
410
5
1
21, 884
11
78
434
16
13
5
14
58
418
29
317
8
1
19, 671
11
73
480
358
6
2
13, 172
3
53
399
10
6
1
25
309
24
3
18
11
13
242
158
o
1
13, 269
5
24
372
9
6
3
6
11
236
95
1
7,951 ! 23
9
275, 544
102
726
4, 946
199
72
58
130
389
4, 213
307
442
511
159
62
145
456
263
1,084
195
219
383
27
32
448
87
27
148
71
1, 222
952
276
1,089
16, 6:;4
2, 773
43
• •
1,391
2,773
2, 830
443
5, 694
7,017
2,763
48
17
24 .
26°
1
9
1
2
g
4
41
9
1
4
6
1
7
2
8
8
2G
54
363
30
3
1
4
3 1
1
1
1
56
658
38
o
1
1
147
3
1
'•>
10
1 ^ '
9
14
230
72
4
386
29
39
38
155
21
46
54
1
3
47
17
4
8
14
1
142
116
26
141
2, 660
424
6
30
223
5x15
350
61
1, 207
692
1, 047
114
4
51
476
6
24
444
i)
8
46
24
3
40
17
7
2'>0
1
37
20
1
24
13
17
0
8
327
4
25G
165
93
15
20
19
29
10
11
81
7
46
4
6
8
2
0
5 '
39
40
28
53
37
126
7
79
17
11
32
1
3
68
11
6 ]
142
105
20
4°
15
3
35
15
34
3
3
70
9
4
25
9
1
98
60
9
147
2,697
492
12
3
41
3
(;
8
2
57
20
9
33
11
o
1
12
3
2
1
40
4
7
. 10
6
3
1
1
82
17
4
5
3
147
4
1
30
3
2
6
2
16 .
1
1
1
1
1
3
21
3
3
98
1
1
2
1
177
318
231
2,461
473
4
17
221
478
517
66
1,088
687
1 172
76
32
61
1
84 '
40
4
99
1,427
338
5
"4
25
3
2
3
41
108
1, 864
389
1
1
13
43
623
72
1
11
67
102
140
230
283
3
18
3
9
2
4
1
34
1
i :
2
2
1
2
250 i {
44
8
19
8
i
61
3
1 i
6
1
43
190
384
287
290
468
350
44
863
326
1
59
1
o
2
146
44
704
306
20
6
261
9
4
14
51
18
1
7
57 2
73 2 !
6
O<K)
50
1
2
724
440
1
807
49
o
47
426
"45
619
657
40')
1
100
10
69.
512
1
17
23
42
59
70
3
15
90 1
1
2, 108
302
20
0
1
1
o
1
33
2!>7
1
1
o
46
435
7
3
oo
1
. r
250
124
4, 339
81
235
1
3
1
19
3
21
......
oo
17
1
410
6
300
o—
163
90 _ ...
3,240
77
li, 346
8 1
8
1
1
1 !
43,838 727
42, 337
498
30,163 401
20, 090
445
19, 5G5
192
17, 216
113
10,530 30 :.. .
178
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXVIII.— ARMY OF THE POTOMAC— Concluded.
YEAU
1869.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
106, 009.
69, 320.
149, 052.
171, 258.
172, 271.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
,
38, 075
240
17, 241
93
32 281
63
43, 378
13
234
1
33, 313
39
303
69
29
4
61
143
1,853
589
137
21
310
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
194
69
40
25
66
20
322
266
111
172
1
1
3
1
85
37
6
62
60'
329
398
214
3
16
1
2
o
125
35
5
72
1
142
53
9
90
89
844
811
204
19
8
9
3
23
124
1
6
1
2
2
1
1
110
430
437
210
6
o
o
1
1
o
1
1
3
1
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
5
5
11
4
53
31
14
23
83
4
20
40
28
6
3
60
2
102
1
12
12
1
49
36
13
26
61
13
40
4
4
30
1
~ " n ammtl
!o->' "C°D m®nCO
3
43
7
3
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
11
7
30
o
o
' ,
~ ' n a .
8
19
11
412
' u am™a io
6
o
3
1
156
4
3
260
297
17
ORDER IX.— Diseases of Integumentary System.
260
542
13° Boils
155
114
38
26
98
1°
398
535
69
41
250
55
70
192
53
90
157
57
154
93
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
28
34
235
88
217
161
8
1
146
188
1
138. Concussion of Brain . .
7
1
3
1
140. Sprains . .
57
43
5
26
14
49
19G
2G2
141. Dislocation
10
20
9
32
15
142. Simple Fractures
10
1
32
3
127
54
23
7
67
143. Compound Fractures
144. Gunshot Wounds
1, 790
133
114
1, 744
54
147
7, 905
127
636
207
51
31
1
145. Incised Wounds
14G. Lacerated Wounds
97
13
35
87
3
70
17
5
184
161
14
91
6
A.O
59
34
• 15
o
4
147. Punctured Wounds
1
143. Poisoning
1°
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
XHJ
o
4
47
I
3
1
2
150. ORDER II. — Homicide
151. ORDER ill.— Suicide
1
1
152. Olll'EH IV. — Execution of Sentence
Total
42, 911
371
20, 836
251
43, 752
745
48, 573
308
39, 340
365
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
179
TABLE XXVIII.— ARMY OF THE POTOMAC— Concluded.
1802.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
M.YUCII.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
213, 043.
200, 714.
175, 856.
176, 638.
149, 182.
128, 009.
106, 967.
151, 531.
104
105
IOC
107
108
109
no
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
{*,*•*
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
13
1
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
43, 838
30
431
80
40
12
79
48
1, G04
746
120
26
13
33
1
40
119
40
60
11
33
10
7
40
7
21
15
3
401
C04
69
158
206
141
391
12
727
3
42, 337
41
525
498
1
30, 163
35
402
401
29, 096
22
522
71
82
10
97
58
562
520
445
1
1
19, 565
18
340
58
32
7
53
39
251
192
1
17, 216
13
122
113
10, 530
4
CO
30
357, 033
215
3,417
890
482
87
834
741
8,131
6,142
1,493
237
3,346
7
10
14
7
3
9
1
22
2
3
96
C2
19
111
04
1,123
842
o
2
o
1
70
57
Q
77
60
529
goo
1
0
1
o
1
35
21
4
44
35
25
9
4
1
1
22
15
5
1
1
171
280
113
255
376
49
°1
10
140
50
1
82
28
33
18
35
1
103
18
14
1
66
13
1
6
1
18
32
10
35
1
28
o
2
5
25
1
25
1
1
103
200
20
245
946
490
128
461
91
77
401
30
J24
139
71
3, 492
4,777
615
1, 063
1,917
4
4
1
48
144
36
73
14
38
12
34
117
11
39
8
oo
4
18
4
1
101
29
69
20
1
2
4
64
*.!
19
8
9
61
5
22
20
8
249
66
11
12
44
10
9
10
67
1
1
0
4
1
0
1
7
1
1
1
18
10
12
9
51
18
1
°7
28
4
C
6
8
19
20
6
284
6
oo
11
10
13
243
10
0
17
6
257
525
1
179
287
249
622
SCO
419
64
139
200
41
100
88
01
181
216
102
rr-i
48
77
42
161
84
250
118
67
323
4
1
1
158
374
9
107
328
117
225
971
3,000
59
1
4
7
4
1
1
1
168
1
1
1
3
2
3
8
1
3
319
22
41
30
7,908
244
164
33
31
132
384
36
48
3
180
343
301)
366
442
270
167
4
18
2,861
19
2'i
18
28
1
18
30
193
373
65
26, 053
2,081
8%
418
278
1, 047
1
1
5
1,852
1
32
34
26
20
3
29
1
107
239
36
4
157
268
3
461
2
8
7
3
249
213
17
3
15
5, OC8
88
30
oo
328
516
109
23
48
10
°7
56
13
19
153
60
~o
24
111
37
19
1
4
1
1
17
85
1
5
1
3
41
84
41
86
4
1
7
o
81
o
1
1
1
1
3
3
, 58, 433 : 1, 246 | 49, 024
531 ; 34, 896 420
34, 320
468
23, 447
218
25, 143 455
13,045
85
433, 720 5, 463
180
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXIX.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAU
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOllEU.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
12, 966.
11, 055.
16, 699.
17, 985
18, 629.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OUDEK I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
08
1
75
1
111
6
40
C
152
1
15
152
26
8
4
84
1
3
70
12
507
203
35
1
250
84
235
2
2GG
155
1
5G8
201
322
4
1
4C8
202
312
11
j. Kcmittcn -c\e
329
19
5
637
11
16
1, 405
158
8
*-O
1, 836
261
28
20
C45
CO
87
16
4
8
3
1
o
1
1
3
8S6
153
198
42
7
5
3
73
3
1
o
4
6
2
105
18
4
1
237
39
6
3
4
13. Chronic Dysentery
1
11
45
4
3
9
135
J
2
3
236
1
3
253
24
21
2
245
40
111
10
7
1
o
230
10
36
28
OKDEU II. — Enthetic Diseases.
47
10
7
104
17
o
99
35
73
16
4
3
1
7
C
ORDER III.— Dietic Diseases.
24
12
1
2
1
8
1
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.—Diathettc Diseases.
35. Gout .
106
57
35
65
89
99
213
160
103
ro
3
i
3
111
77
20
11
2
0
1
"
0
1
1
42. Other Diseases of this Order
1C
o
5
8
4
10
1
32
0
OHDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
44 Scrofula
1
15
8
20
o
C
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
40. I toh
47. Tape-worm .
0
48. Other Intestinal Worms !
11
6
1C
49. Other Diseases of this Order
2, 294 23
2, 140
18
3,220
14
4, 579
44
3f)\l!
, ^uo
72
DUKING THE YEA.K ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
181
TABLE XXIX.
of the Department of Virginia.
1869.
1803.
DECEMUEU.
JANUARY. FEBRUARY.
MAKCII.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
28, 382.
23, 218. 43, 153.
38, 483.
42, 491.
42, 086.
30, 511.
27, 638.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases j Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Casco. ' Deaths.
1
0
:;
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
10
17
18
19
20
23
24
2D
26
27
£8
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
30
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
40
47
48
141
19
131
1
220
10
274
1
239
30
1
9
207
304
18
4
171
378
17
1
107
o
202
11
1
151
7
371
4
1, 609
17
2,175
103
6
59
122
6
13
4
597
33G
270
33
959
189
175
*,3
23
100
10
384
184
181
1
294
223
2
249
181
254
040
248
435
358
2
4,528
2,785
3,074
128
35
2
242
356 '
280
205
328
323
7
1
7
866
124
214
G
0
888
50
215
9
13
12
2 454
1
1
]0
3
21
015
257
99
o
1
1
1
2
151
15,116
1 992
19
G
27
21
14
o
7
18
1,545
206
185
1
4
2 380
5
o
122
294
940
33
40
19
82
1
5-18
117
19
6
13
2
o
3,076
480
225
CO
729
8
88
307
1,673
1, 24<>
080
1,314
197
19
oo
1G4
G
24
31
17
11
5
2, 288
1,929
103
40
46
4
139
3
7
47
400
123
36
12
26
4
145
0
2G
11
362
3
C
102
0
0
2
13
31
1
1
1
1
4
7
14
03
424
50
85
200
33
9
9
1
12
45
1
£7
44
358
19
77
100
10
14
3
8
40
46
1
11
8
78
5
1
181
49
73
104
3
' 70
172
1
o
10
107
99
13
7
3
1
1
24
70
102
46
103
11
3
2
18
12
7
4
2
7
3
G
0
0
1
o
1
03
o
4
5
o
1
1
5
1
9
12
5
1
1
—•)•>
192
45
G
1
o
]
1
1
1 !
1
3
1
10
o
G
4
4
1
0
1
191
1
201
251
o
413
374
274
206
210
123
1
137
137
18
1
211
43
3
07
9
1
29
0
]0
42
422
S3
4
33
1
1
G
3
7
o
34
19
3
42
1
5
1
3
18
38
9
11
31
11
"
1
G
14
G
01
2-18
98
3
444
14
84
1
19
12
G
2
1
5
15
G
3
24
8
1
02
1
5
71
4
5
118
1
3
58
1
12
43
7
48
o
9
-1!)
4, 543 , 55
3, 30-1
31
5, 403
55 3, 984
4C
3, 737 30 5, 706
•
1
5,802
17
48, 088
427
182
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXIX.— DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA— Continued
YE AB
18l>^.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
12, 9C6.
11, 055.
1C, 699.
17, 985.
18,
Cases.
529.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Deaths.
for -ard
2,294
23
2,140
18
3,220
14
4,579
44
1
3,25G
1
5
57
4
1
3
7
5
72
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
OKDEU I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
5
24
1
6
0
3
80
2
1
4
1
10
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
o
1
°7
14
28
9
44
3
13
55
1
3
1
4
7
9
3
89
3
1
67
3
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
1
10
23
13
3
29
1
3
3
9
4
3
2
1
8
2
53
1
6
ORDER III.— Diseases of Ear.
5
f I tt> n- F
3
70 Deafness
3
6
1
3
2
7
27
1
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
1
7
1
1
1
o
1
n
0
0
81. Varicocclc
1
3
70
3
8
4
154
3
19
19
3
182
5
82. Other Diseases of this Order
4
5
92
1
1
1
0
1
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma
8
179
84. Acute Bronchitis
85. Chronic Bronchitis
7
13
19
11
86. Dropsy of Chest
87. H;einorrhag-e from Nose
17
3
31
or)
88. Inflammation of Larynx
o
1
20
14
89. Inflammation of Lungs
10
10
5
1
1
1
90. Inflammation of Pleura
07
91. Haemorrhage from Lungs
0
6
8°
92. Other Diseases of this Order
10
108
117
23
6
87
45
1
118
140
195
OUDEH VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
133
103
43
47
98
94. Constipation
93. Cholera Morbus
1
69
111
11
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
o
1
33
1
5°
1
5
98. Dyspepsia
20
00
99. Diseases of Pancreas
„
100. Diseases of Spleen
o
1
101. Fistula in Ano
I
1
4(>
3
34
102. Hernia
14
"0
24
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
|
2,865
24
2,699
23
3,867
19
5, 738
53.
4,135
76
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, I8G3
TABLE XXIX.— DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA— Continued.
I 1802.
18G3.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEliRUAItr.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
28, 382.
23, 218.
43, 153.
38, 483.
42, 491.
42, 080.
36, 511.
27, c:;8.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
G2
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
7!)
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Cases.
4, 543
1
127
11
5
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
19
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
55
1
3,304
1
13
34
1
5,463
o
11
244
55
2
1
3,984
1
18
313
4
2
40
1
3,737
30
5,706
1
15
5,862
3
16
211
17
2
48, 088
10
118
1, 081
427
8
3
' 14
201
145
195
8
1
8
4
2
17
103
6
2
4
G
1
1
1
1
1
3
57
21
15
25
1
14
7
3
3
1
2
3
1
1
3
19
54
7
4
29
47
5
10
107
10
4
2
114
1
9
57
121
744
44
34
244
28
8
402
1
95
1
4
19
12
2
6
8
31
5
1
62
9
2
2
7
4
10
6
4
3
46
1
2
4
1
10
3
o
1
3
1
1
68
7
7
0
59
4
4
11
38
4
9
9
1
1
7
62
55
1
10
4
38
1
5
8
59
5
8
46
3
7
1
42
43
89
325
3
o
o
75
6
11
17
52
o
9
7
5
41
54
98
33
5
8
2
1
5
o
2
2
G
1
1
9
1
o
7
54
6
4
10
4
15
200
176
51
190
3, G4<1
519
6
107
273
1
4
a
13
o
4
3
1
2
1
6
37
10
1
30
307
59
4
24
63
02
40
10
116
80
237
o
1
1
1
1
1
27
1
18
1
23
3
18
24
1
37
26
o
°7
23
21
17
1
9
^7
1
0
J8
125
17
1
7
1
1
13
323
59
35
00
1
690
90
692
503
112
318
33
90
i
1
9
18
65
6
39
64
51
10
7
18
24
4
7
15
33
8
4
152
10
3
28
29
7
20
120
3
108
54
s
5
1
3
67
65
8
108
87
294
15
4
40
33
6
1
460
386
69
775
1.327
4
1
1
108
99
111
280
14
76
0 |
1°4
138
159
40
283
12
231
97
182
PS
o. ->:;o
560
0
719
o
11
32
1
2
9
75
0
7
116
4
118
2
72
1
63
4
84
1
41
5
5
91
0
1
3
5
2
1
47
4
48
1
4
70
47
5
1
44
1
....] M
6,251
65
4,654
40
7,882
73
6,363
54
5,831
39
7,389
22
7, 23?
23 i
f>4, 008
511
184
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXIX.- -DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA— Concluded.
YE vu
1869.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBEU.
12, 966.
11, 055.
16, 699.
17,985.
13, C29.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. ' Deaths.
Cases. ;
Deaths.
Cases. I
Deaths.
2, 8G5
24
2,699
23
3,807
19
5,738
53
1
4, 135
5
20
7G
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
11
10
o
17
4
13
12
19
1
3
2
17
3
44
23
1C
1
6
4
C5
6
7
61
45
3
18
123
30
20
71
38
1
13
2
171
1
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
•
»
1
1
4
o
15
1
4
1
1
ai
1
13
0
1
23
r,
1
11
11
O
46
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
3
l°r> Caries
1
10
1
1
2
3
4
130 Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
131 Abscess
26
14
6
39
38
1
203
132 Boils
<)5
133. Carbuncle
134. Whitlow
19
o
10
12
135. Ski i Diseases
11
1
7
1
18
38
1
°4
53
o
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns...,
137. Contusions
19
1
03
T8
138. Concussion of Brain
1
1
139. Drowning
1
140. Sprains
14
3
1
3
34
1
8
0
141. Dislocation
142. Simpli- Fractures
4
-
143. Compound Fractures
144. Gunshot Wounds
14
18
;j
H
5
12
18
8
7
0
28
19
1
•j
4
25
22
2
145. Incised Wounds
146. IjnoprMtod Wounds
g
1
4
1
1
147. Punctured Wounds
1
14^. Poisoning
1
C)
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
7
226
._-
45
150. ORDER II.— Homicide
151. ORDER III. — Suicide
152. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence ..
Total
76
4, 84G
82
3, 14!)
33
3,014
24
4, 464
6,289
59
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
185
TABLE XXIX.— DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA— Concluded.
1862.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
28,382.
23, 218.
43,153.
38, 483.
42, 491.
42, 086.
36,511.
27, 638.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
1 -:>
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
14(i
147
148
149
150
151
15J
6, 251
11
95
15
6
1
11
46
166
100
17
8
o
5
1
4
5
10
2
5
4
27
65
1
4,654
9
109
6
3
1
5
10
109
78
2
6
40
7,882
4
171
10
4
1
7
73
6,363
7
121
3
4
1
6
10
84
79
21
3
54
5,831
3
136
o
33
7,389
4
CO
21
14
22
7,232
5
67
16
4
23
64, 906
48
820
118
43
5
71
144
1,030
850
324
48
11
27
3
78
131
46
78
23
111
26
32
86
3
30
23
8
730
926
104
169
330
96
551
12
511
2
1
9
1
1
1
1
2
1
0
1
2
3
1
2
9
90
101
2
3
4
9
57
103
10
8
4
16
60
105
3
2
1
171
115
11
14
1
o
1
1
1
4
1
1
3
o
4
11
10
10
1
19
20
1
11
3
14
5
4
3
1
(j
11
<3
4
15
5
3
1
3
1
3
31
4
4
1
2
7
11
1
2
6
5
12
13
6
7
o
1
1
4
19
12
2
4
o
1
6
1
5
3
1
7
6
4
10
1
1
47
133
12
33
33
15
70
3
4
3
1
41
92
10
27
30
17
85
2
2
o
9
CO
141
12
IW'J
55
20
44
2
34
70
10
81
101
4
26
19
10
48
58
134
4
13
14
5
63
78
99
12
1
1
1
14
11
4
58
48
21
66
1
1
2
1
1
9
1
1
1
i
3
92
5
11
1
20
26
3
7
4
52
99
0
5
88
6
6
1
31
33
6
5
81
4
10
3
150
25
4
102
51
2
11
617
46
77
11
667
C88
72
46 t
24 '
334
4
3
3
87
20
7
1
5
14
1
207
41
15
1
3
109 ,
5
10
30
35
9
•1
10
6
21
42
4(5
29
7
6
3
1
8
1
1
3
o
o
CO
7
1
4
7
8
3
2
1
0
2
1
1
1
21
1
1
2
2
7,383
77
5,513
53
9,055
87
7,259
62
6,828
C4
8, 41!»
73
8,004
37
74,223
707
186
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXX.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
1862.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOr.EK.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
10, 039.
10, 095.
10, 535.
12, 230.
14,912.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
ieatlis.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
50
8
10
10
A.5
3
44
13
150
11
10
11
41
1
31
13
2
5
30
58
87
3. Typbo-Malarial Fever
230
100
54
2
5
416
35
44
2
4
1
0
4
253
356
°°9
5
371
763
305
25
10
628
24
123
3
4
4
709
1,196
507
33
37
398
52
126
9
6
6
308
826
7
1
439
42
1
7. Tertian Intermittent Fever
8
12
308
43
26
2
2
3
8
1
2
19
20
606
76
66
7
4
9
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
5
12
3
1
16
30
8
45
4
3
1
33
47
51
09
8
1
2
284
26
40
1
4
1
261
1
120
30
80
10
2
ORDER II.—Enthetic Diseases.
51
69
10
o
15
o
1
3
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
3
9
5
3
o
1
2
1
4
12
1
0
2
briation
1
34 Other Diseases of this Order ..
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.
35 Gout
1
93
95
60
1
57
62
CO
41
1
4
58
63
3
03
48
45
1
1
1
41. Tumors
1
8
C
1
1
11
11
1
3
1
42. O<Uer Diseases of this Order
3
9
2
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
1
13
2
15
o
3
44 Scrofula
45. Other Diseases of this Order
o
9
9
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
40. Itch
4
1
1
1
2
o
1
49. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
1,492
22
1,819
26
2,763
14
3,711
66
2, 942
46
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
187
TABLE XXX.
of the Department of North Carolina.
1869.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
Aruiu
MAY.
JUNE. j| TOTAL.
24, 836.
32, 641.
20, 361.
22, 700.
23, 354.
20, 962.
13, 923.
18, 049.
1
o
3
4
5
C
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
oo
23
24
25
26
27
28
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
4!)
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
46
4
94
1
67
1
3
39
1
35
30
10
37
1
7G
1
72
2
3C
1
564
29
742
57
13
38
1
6
63
7
3
6
115
6
230
C56
298
22
8
910
78
182
15
12
10
3
1
224
670
332
186
349
210
183
394
265
191
391
234
1
301
622
2
545
302
2
1
1, 197
101
176
2
3,420
6,868
3,527
273
164
9, 590
931
1,648
135
109
14
416
2
63
230
2 124
30
5
2
1
352
67
18
1, 259
232
177
59
14
29
531
G8
82
44
18
553
8
1,075
36
007
6
4
1,709
137
322
4
5
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
55
4
15
8
2
1
3
2
0
3
2
49
97
8
12
1
1
2
oo
17
9
6
5
1
8
15
14
2
o
OO
1
74
108
o
118
o
62
12
45
173
100
56
140
13
5
3
11
47
577
18
67
154
22
14
10
461
47
48
82
14
3
1
6
13
270
2
5
25
9
55
118
70
24
1
7
1
406
48
30
38
5
2
4
56
75
3
63
30
43
13
3
3
1,147
447
851
7
16
45
34
10
2
4
1
1
125
27
16
3
17
4
1
1
19
107
2
11
28
2
5
4
1 529
9
15
5
11
23
1
1
2
1
2
1
3
1
2
2
1
1
4
1
3
116
183
57
4
296
196
54
2
309
3°7
163
148
117
159
54
43
73
28
2
149
SO
1,518
1
93
10
1
2
34
3
459
28
1
27
4
1
1
4
2
11
7
6
3
12
5
7
13
25
1°
1
8
16
8
1
36
1
1
1
17
9
2
5
12
3
3
7
1
57
2
o
154
53
10
12
172
8
15
2
11
3
0
16
43
o
17
1
33
3
3
o
0
1
3, 026
20
4, 974
19
2,819
12
2,634
7
3,304
11
4,434
12
3,107
13
37,675
2C8
188
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXX.— DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA— Continued.
YE YK
1869.
Movrn
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
10, 039.
10,095.
10, 535.
12, 230.
14, 912.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1,492
oo
1,819
1
3
26
1
2,763
14
3,711
1
5
66
1
2,942
46
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
OHDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
50. Apoplexy
4
40
4
47
2
1
8
68
3
51. Epilepsy
48
43
1
52. Headache
2
5.i. Insanity
1
3
1
2
1
54. Inflammation of Brain
50. Inflammation of Membranes of Brain. . .
1
1
2
37
3
56. Inflammation of Spinal Chord
1
19
3
3
11
11
4
8
o
1
18
4
17
5
24
58. Neuralgia
o
1
1
1
5
22
ORDER II.— Diseases of Eye.
o
1
15
1
2
9
16
3
o
18
1
11
2
1
2
13
3
2
8
o
1
14
3
3
8
1
ORDER III.— Diseases of Ear.
20
3
4
1
6
3
2
20
2
3
3
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
4
1
1
7
_' a va a
o. ropsy ™
' ' P y . .
o
' D a a
1
' y .
V •
2
8
12
3
15
6
16
V '
10
19
4
7
118
6
.
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83 A°thma
3
81
15
12
11
118
20
10
297
182
1
13
8t>. Dropsy of Chest
87. Haemorrhage from Nose
3
o
9
11
1
4
26
1
6
2
20
2
17
32
3
11
7
9
3
5
35
122
5
3
10
o
1
30
8
20
8
9
31
87
8
89. Inflammation of Lungs
3
1
92. Other Diseases of this Order
1
23
145
1
1
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
94. Constipation
152
223
95. Cholera Morbus
13
10
5
o
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
1
15
1
14
o
98. Dyspepsia
11
13
36
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
7
101. Fistula in Ano
1
1G
3
1
18
102. Hernia
9
0
18
1
15
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
33
1,943
24
2,395
3,461
18
4,266
71
3,700
47
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G3.
189
TABLE XXX.— DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA— Continued.
1863.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUKE.
TOTAL.
24, 83G.
32, 641.
20, 361.
22, 700.
23, 354.
20, 962.
13, 923.
18, 049.
50
51
52
53
54
55
50
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
67
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
07
98
99
100
101
in0
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
3,626
1
11
88
0
1
20
1
4,974
6
10
110
6
3
19
1
1
2,819
12
2,684
7
3,304
11
4,434
o
12
3,107
o
13
37,675
13
124
970
26
a -
4
1
12
80
8
99
6
90
50
147
3
3
110
3
1
4
1
4
1
1
1
39
1
2
2
11
20
19
434
38
39
53
6
7
370
23
20
18
182
38
30
109
g
5
6
o
1
1
2
1
0
1
1
5
1
1
49
10
o
3
11
68
5
1
1
21
73
3
30
G
45
1
4
1
1
1
o
o
1
5
5
1
1
3
3
0
0
3
1
51
3
7
5
16
5
5
9
32
1
1
67
1
1
3
26
32
35
1
42
42
8
1
1
15
1
1
1
10
6
1
7
2
1
4
1
18
19
o
9
7
4
2
12
3
7
12
1
10
2
1
5
2
'
13
1
1
7
1
14
18
10
1
4
3
1
7
1
2
2
7
1
G
1
86
5
9
25
4
1
0
1
3
1
1
28
1
3
4
2
7
125
178
47
139
2,683
252
o
18
205
211
344
C4
COO
643
1,953
: B
o
30
3«
4
27
17
300
1
19
12
1
21
571
24
5
13
17
2
13
14
4
11
199
23
16
11
10
9
290
40
10
17
o
15
16
3
G
143
24
9
32
407
1
1
13
177
19
1
4
80
6
1
1
1
62
1
6
47
44
74
2
07
<*./
27
10
12
76
117
18
1
16
23
36
1
11
31
62
1
19
56
28
10
111
110
215
1
4
16
39
9
243
15
5
8
1
G
39
157
2
23
2
1
2
5
5
1
11
57
6
11
59
1
214
46
004
1
o
10°
64
148
9
°18
145
8
7
36
1
4
33
1
3
oo
0
32
6
r>R
4
4°
„
11
29
57
4
4
1
4G
o
37
7
34
3
30
o
33
1
2
16
1
103
3
4, 943
28
6, 60C
29
3,711
15
3,977
12
4,382
21
1
5,680
18
3,763
14
7
48, 827
329
190
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXX.— DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA— Concluded.
YEAR
1802.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
10, 039.
10, 095.
10, 535.
12, 230.
14, 912.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
forward
1,943
24
2,395
32
3,461
18
4,266
71
3,700
47
OKDEK VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
8
11
3
2
9
1
208
15
13
22
6
5
20
6
1
4G
12
4
1
79
6
1
2
1
o
14
4
132
32
4
1
42
1
1
8
46
34
12
2
1
2
1
58
40
1
og
24
21
1
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
1
1
1
12
6
11
5
9
4
7
4
11
3
1
4
8
1
14
1
3
2
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
1
7
2
2
1
2
130 Other Diseases of this Order
1
36
13
7
4
CO
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
13
1
18
10
48
44
8
20
1
34
34
34
1
7
19
4
20
132 Boils
34
133. Carbuncle
134. Whitlow
19
45
3
11
0
26
3
8
135. Skin Diseases
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
13C. Barns
137. Contusions
11
10
138. Concussion of Brain
1
1
133. Drowning
140. Sprains
3
1
3
8
1
3
15
27
"8
141. Dislocation
o
142. Simple Fractures
1
1
1
12
9
2
2
1
14
143. Compound Fractures
144. Gunshot Wounds
19
11
13
3
14
10
7
1
17
14
0
6
2
22
o
143. Incised Wounds
146. Lacerated Wounds
4
3
147. Punctured Wounds
148. Poisoning-
2
3
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
12
1
1
49
130. ORDER II.— Homicide
151. ORDER III. — Suicide
152. ORDER IV.— Execution of Sentence
Total
2, 395
27
2,880
34
3,805
21
4,639
76
4,157
51
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1803.
191
TABLE XXX.— DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA— Concluded.
1869.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUXE.
TOTAL.
24, 836.
32,
Cases.
541.
20, 361.
22, 700.
23, 354.
20, 962.
13, 923.
18, 049.
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
Cases.
Deaths.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
4,943
28
6,606
29
3,711
1
165
14
1
2
1
1
43
62
15
3,977
1
166
5
1
12
4,382
3
80
3
1
21
5,680
3
62
18
3,763
14
48, 827
8
968
107
37
10
87
62
812
627
137
27
7
5
1
17
134
74
66
7
41
3
16
54
323
124
4
1
1
9
1
C-O
89
1
6
169
21
6
1
6
5
109
92
27
3
o
1
2
1
1
19
13
1
0
3
4
3
27
34
26
6
17
37
11
1
.........
45
37
73
5
4
1
1
57
68
9
2
26
5
3
1
10
2
1
2
6
1
2
1
3
20
14
10
2
4
1
5
14
1
]
1
1
4
4
5
11
2
13
9
11
1
o
3
11
6
6
3
14
16
8
1
1
0
24
5
4
1
3
1
2
1
1
2
9
4
8
3
6
1
3
3
o
1
5
2
2
1
1
5
2
1
o
20
7
4
4C8
618
82
145
406
80
283
7
3
47
66
5
10
24
40
87
68
95
30
49
4
16
25
5
27
42
59
44
89
3
11
60
3
28
34
83
2
7
10
12
1
16
18
36
17
60
4
25
32
9
37
12
21
7
20
17
28
23
1
2
2
1
1
C
114
2
o
80
5
3
56
63
7
7
82
4
3
86
1
3
49
f>
CH
26
27
1
710.
190
85
41
r,tj
173
1
1
1
1
496
8
4
2
36
32
12
35
12
20
8
1
8
1
2
38
14
7
3
2
36
33
11
8
6
29
3
28
22
1
7
2
12
2
4
9
11
1
2
3
1
47
11
5
8
10
2
2
1
2
1
1
o
C
4
1
""
6,143
65
7,611
32
4,328
18
4,622
14
5,046
27
6,400
24
4,128
17
36,154
400
192
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXI.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YE \R
1869.
MOXTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
14, 203.
13, 145.
13, 837.
14, 980.
14,031.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
C8
14
85
33
40
3
36
4
95
70
573
521
5
1
20 : 1
111
2
187
99
74
34
153
453
183
91
9
8
636
145
228
75
9
15
147
534
476
93
28
14
608
68
177
30
3
20
o
1
30
6
32
1
15
2
10
358
467
153
9
16
636
103
87
12
6 !
1 ;
8
1
1
197
11
24
621
1
5
829
1
3
8
10
7
120
2GO
41
8
1
9
2
3
3
2
1
90
181
33
5
3
1
4
5
4
5
2
' ^ .
2
1
120
1
lp
2
14
255
9
15
o
3
163
291
8
8
7
0
8
243
6
240
4
3
6
1
238
7
8
4
3
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
2° Syphilis
6
10
9
1
5
1
25. Stricture of the Urethra
26 Purulent Ophthalmia
27. Serpent Bite
28 Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
20 Scurvy
20
1
f~O
1
50
49
0
16
31. Delirium Tremcns
1
1
32. Inebriation
3
1
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
36. Acute Rheumatism
79
65
46
45
65
27
4
70
50
6
2
50
75
37. Chronic Rheumatism
38. Anaemia
2
2
1
2
15
39. General Dropsy
4
40. Cancer
41. Tumors
1
8
23
3
3
o
42. Other Diseases of this Order
1
5
2
14
0
2
15
0
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
11
5
o
17
2
3
44. Scrofula
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
40. Itch
47. Tape-worm
48. Other Intestinal Worms
1
1
1
49. Other Diseaaes of this Order
Carried forward
2,309
37
2,521
62
2,659
59
3,141
46
2,475
21
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18C3.
193
TABLE XXXI.
of the Department of the South.
1863.
18t>3.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
15, 724.
14, 646.
26, 348.
20, 538.
23, 514.
21, 705.
22, 231.
18, 409.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
23
24
25
27
28
30
31
32
33
34
35
30
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
40
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
17
1
12
23
1
25
2
15
1
18
1
15
54
10
403
5
503
382
3,115
3,804
2,299
397
106
7,975
1,230
2,010
293
62
o
37
51
1
80
H
1
1
14
1
44
3°
20
1
35
58
133
20C
178
39
o
314
102
92
12
6
69'
186
111
10
fi
220
97
283
155
17
18
540
92
102
112
177
321
380
24
1
320
624
245
193
211
22
154
28
502
200
3
1,310
192
350
8
4
4
8
1,074
85
o
1
36
615
572
2
1
3
94
35
29
4
78
156
14
5
1
61
107
18
3
3
3
1
18
21
19
:
88
13
5
243
8
4
1
2
5
1
21
1
I
3
1
152
110
8
14
7
2
2
8
1
6
7
252
4
11
388
39
8
23
1
1
23
1
2
2
59
41
13
22
8
2
1
20
54
1 718
1
0
249
29
4
13
7
1
175
24
132
18
5
7
6
4
1
20
18
19
4
1
1,548
92
155
82
oo
I
o
13
7
1
4
1
2
6
1
5
1
1
7
1
7
1
2
2
7
200
o
8
8
14
5
4
1
o
3
2
1
1
1
4
4
9
62
80
10
2
106
101
20
111
1°3
149
117
22
43
78
66
33
1
es
944
874
226
23
70
39
3
23
51
i
2
1
1
0
18
6
1
1
5
13
o
3
6
9
3
1
10
1
6
n
2
1
16
4
i
6
8
4
15
59
151
29
8
79
4
21
1
9
10
o
1
21
o
1
9
4
1
o
r.
°5
17
13
14
1
2
6
1
1
5
1,015
13
1, 390
1
2,012
6
2,343
4
1,714
3
2, 799
•.
4,017
19
2i?,9L>5
277
25
194
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXI.— DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH— Continued.
YEAH
180^.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOHEB.
NOVEMBER.
MEAX STRENGTH
14, 203.
13, 145.
13, 837.
14, 980.
14, 031.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
t forward
2,309
1
10
52
37
1
2,521
62
2,659
59
3,141
46
2,475
1
4
23
1
21
I
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
5
58
2
3
32
3
41
9
o
2
1
1
1
1
40
5
1
18
4
9
9
5
2
19
4
7
1
8
5
1
4
15
4
5
4
1
29
28
9
9
2
1
1
2
1
5
J
5
6
2
1
23
3
5
6
1
2
o
4
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
17
4
6
3
19
9
14
2
7
8
3
' n ° [l°e i • ''
4
5
5
1
2
o
ORDER ill. — Diseases of Ear.
68 E'iraclie
3
1
2
70 Deafness
3
72 Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
1
7
1
o
2
3
1
1
1
4
11
10
11
114
15
5
9
S
7
167
13
3
2
8
3
152
1
S
1
4
4
26
8
6
4
7
1
53
4
82. Other Diseases of this Order
2
1
2
1
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma
84. Acute Bronchitis
1
86. Dropsy of Chest
87. Haemorrhage from Nose
2
1
5
7
4
5
77
113
32
1
1
8
10
3
3
53
119
29
88. Inflammation of Larynx
1
1
3
11
o
89. Inflammation of Lungs
3
11
3
1
25
84
23
90. Inflammation of Pleura
10
6
o
29
57
2°
91. Hemorrhage from Lungs
92. Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
1
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
27
94. Constipation
81
25
1 95. Cholera Morbus
2
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
1
17
3
14
1
2
3
3
o
98. Dyspepsia
6
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
1
(;
o
101. Fistula in Ano
4
34
1
3
21
3
3
25
102. Hernia
30
o
21
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
2,950
41
3,074
71
3,110
6C
3, 619
52
2,840
23
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
195
TABLE XXXI.— DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH— Continued.
1862.
18(313.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
15, 724.
14, 646.
26, 348.
26, 538.
23, 514.
21, 705.
22, 231.
18, 409.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
50
51
, 52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
C3
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
9C
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
1,615
13
1,390
1
2,012
6
2,343
4
1,714
3
4
69
6
3
1
2,799
6
4,017
19
28, 995
5
49
682
52
1
2
5
27
393
48
36
36
18
4
334
277
3
2
2
16
3
1
39
3
6
98
5
7
86
6
1
70
7
3
98
6
1
1
1
1
9
54
4
2
5
48
4
1
3
50
2 1
2
34
3
1
4
1
4
40
3
5
o
16
2
21
1
6
5
o
1
3
1
4
1
1
2
3
1
1
o
1
42
18
1
7
3
6
3
15
30
4
6
3
13
4
31
4
11
45
61
6
28
6
10
2
4
2
4
3
1
5
3
1
9
1
16
1
12
43
117
38
90
31
13
37
4
16
o
11
3
o
2
5
1
2
8
5
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
4
5
13
1
1
13
18
77
66
61
94
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
10
11
3
16
111
35
1
1
2
3
1
1
6
3
9
4
86
5
6
4
4
9
137
13
3
7
2
15
158
30
4
6
1
7
104
18
10
4
4
1°
4
3
15
1
7
1
60
7
1
6
16
10
18
3
39
77
144
17
73
1,241
157
2
8
1
]3
170
101
182
37
186
591
1,391
210
1
42
1
37
34
32
2
o
53
1
16
8
24
3
4
12
2
6
34
93
14
10
3
11
43
8
7
7
24
60
151
1
2
15
2
09
o
3
21
8L>
176
2?
1
33
16
71
6
50
58
144
9
1
5
1
1
158
9
2
3
5
1
26
3
37
5
ra
22
£56
5
26
53
3
1
14
1
1
14
o
7
34
249
9
o
15
3
28
o
18
2
3
15
3
14
1
2, 002
15
1,840
2
2,864
8
3,181
7
2,404
8
3,521
6
4,857
20 | 36, 262
3 V.I
196
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXI.— DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH— Concluded.
YEAK
186Q.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
ME AX STRENGTH
14, 203.
13, 145.
13, 837.
14,980.
14, 031.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
2,950
41
3,074
71
3, 110
60
3,619
52
2,840
23
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
35
20
18
46
6
7
1
29
8
4
3
12
6
106. Inflammation of Stomach
o
1
37
8
260
28
o
12
4
4
156
28
5
109. Acute Inflammation of Liver
1
3
249
2G
6
189
21
1
74
15
5
4
2
1
1
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
2
1
1
G
1
9
4
6
3
1
3
7
5
4
1
4
1
4
1
o
3
19
4
9
3
ORDEK VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
!<>.- r • J
„ .
~ '
2
1
1
106
20
8
11
14
2
1
74
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
131 Abscess ....
103
85
135
74
°7
13° Boils
18
JO
21
8
8
6
2
18
16
15
11
8
59
o
134 Whitlow
8
118
3
108
4
25
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
OUDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
10
139. Drowning
i
140. Sprains
8
7
2
6
1
3
141. Dislocation
2
140. Simple Fractures
5
2
2
3
143. Compound Fractures
144. Gunshot Wounds
19
35
10
15
1
20
27
2
16
6
1
1
6
1
199
11
32
10
25
16
10
145. Incised Wounds
146. Lacerated Wounds
11
3
o
1
1
147. Punctured Wounds
32
148. Poisoning
14'.). Other Accidents and Injuries
13
1
6
3
9
150. ORDER II. — Homicide
151. OltDEll III. Suicide .
1
152. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence
Total
3,804
40
3,802
77
3,623
68
4, 370
65
3,201
24
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
197
TABLE XXXI.— DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH— Concluded.
1802.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
15, 724.
14, C46.
26, 348.
26, 538.
23, 514.
21,705.
22, 231.
18, 409.
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
U2
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
140
147
148
149
150
15]
152
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths
Cases.
Deaths.
2,002
15
1,840
2
2,804
8
3,181
1
C8
o
7
2,404
o
8
3,521
6
4,857
1
30
13
4
20
36, 2C2
4
004
94
08
4
114
08
1,132
362
59
16
2
o
1
18
61
31
319
53
3
34
5
5
88
10
o
45
38
13
67
1
G
4
1
7
14
21
28
10
5
3
2
11
7
28
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
9
8
09
2
9
37
19
4
12
5
34
38
6
o
13
4
33
37
12
3
1
2
•XI
23
4
58
3
2
41
10
1
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
4
3
4
1
10
2
2
5
o
6
3
3
4
2
1
7
5
0
6
5
2
3
11
7
2
4
5
2
3
4
3
8
0
3
1
4
og
1
3
°3
4
3
78
6
5
15
1
1
2
1
2
6
3
3
5
8
1,041
640
86
175
450
49
35!)
2
1
3
71
110
3
18
34
5
25
1
1
99
15
6
19
14
1
27
1
68
29
1
92
75
65
79
115
4
A.O
21
83
5
19
29
10
53
1
39
2
21
78
9
17
22
2
6
9
1
40
16
3
33
1
7
38
9
47
1
1
2
11
1
4
28
39
4
5
37
1
4
37
42
39
1
3
259
3
0
17
36
3
394
262
113
106
17
87
3
3
3
16
29
5
17
18
7
5
14
12
16
20
8
24
2
18
11
3
9
42
5
9
5
3
1
17
1
1
7
4
9
8
1
5
2
14
1
4
G
15
3
1
2
1
2,412
1
16
2,187
2
3,477
e
3,802
10
2,844
10
4,121
9
5,457
24
43, 100 359
198
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TKOOPS
TABLE XXXII.
Abstract of the Mortality in the
YEAR
1803.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
14, 323.
22,054.
38, 351.
35, 140.
36, 437.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
280
281
2
2C5
270
300
9
10
8
1
51
8
oo
0
o
J ^
9
4
29
r T> -r
18
11
1
0
1
3
2
0. Congestive Intermittent Fever
3
14
31
8
15
4
37
91
20
2
32
233
7
7
228
11
30
1
7
0
42
' °. '
164
38
12
50
~' • T) .
oo
34
4
0
' E r°° CHsJ J
4
1
2
1
8
5
17 Scarlet Fever
18 Diphtheria
4
13
2
17
12
20 Epidemic Catarrh
1
11
1
9
1
9
30
31
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22. Syphilis
23. Gonorrhoea
24. Orchitis
25. Stricture of the Urethra
26. Purulent Ophthalmia
27. Serpent Bite
28. Other Diseases of this Order
1
5
1
4
2
2
1
4
OKDEU III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
4
5
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens
3
2
32. Inebriation
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
2
o
o
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
36. Acute Kheumatism
1
2
2
2
4
1
3
7
1
1
3
4
3
37. Chronic Kheumatism
38. Anaemia
8
1
39. General Dropsy
1
40. Cancer
1
41. Tumors
1
42. Other Diseases of this Order . .
2
24
7
40
1
1
3
04
1
3
47
1
1
ORDER II.— Tubercular Diseases.
43. Cnnsnmptinn
37
2
1
44. Scrofula
1
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch
47. Tape-worm t
48. Other Intostin;il Worms
49. Other Diseases of this Order .
Carried forward
4°4
574
775
776
735
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
199
TABLE XXXII.
General Hospitals of the Atlantic Region.
1863.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY. FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
39, 499.
33, 184. 27, 971.
21, 556.
20, 383.
18, 894.
24, 529.
27, 744.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1C
17
18
19
20
24
26
(yj
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
213
196
1
108
3
80
3
4
67
41
134
2,241
21
131
20
146
11
13
3
54
143
1,481
]06
200
52
259
35
3
83
5
3
109
3
1°
o
8
7
14
1
o
4
1
1
7
4
1
1
3
4
13
1
o
3
1
1
o
20
2
6
1
119
1
4
9
48
6
1
6
2
o
0
2
4
43
9
7
1
4
183
3
18
51
57
30
o
1
4
4
48
5
1
]
3
38
4
15
10
30
3
o
51
18
5
1
1
1
12
9
4
1
1
2
2
5
8
3
1
o
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
o
1
|j
6
24
6
19
1
o
1
0
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
2
0
10
o
1
o
14
29
5
4
o
28
426
9
3
4
3
0
1
1
1
0
1
2
1
o
]
1
3
57
!
3
57
1
6
30
1
15
25
17
7
1
1
593
375
233
212
138
246 i
.">, 730
200
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXII.— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION— Continued.
y F. AK
1802.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
14, 323.
22, 654.
38, 351.
35, 146.
36, 437.
LIST OP DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
424
574
5
1
775
3
3
770
6
1
735
7
3
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
1
1
1
2
1
2
3
4
o
' K,
3
3
1
5
2
1
4
5
2
2
G
ORDEB II. — Diseases of Eye.
' f i • J
ORDEK III. — Diseases of Ear.
70 Deafness
OHDEII IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
9
0
o
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
78. Inflammation of Endocardium
1
1
1
79. Inflammation of Veins
2
80. Varicose Veins
81. Varicocele
82. Other Diseases of this Order
5
17
11
1
1
1
1
3
OUDEU V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma
84. Acute Bronchitis
1
3
1
4
4
1
85. Chronic Bronchitis
8C. Dropsy of Chest
87. Hsemorrhag-e from Nose
88. Inflammation of Larynx . . .
1
20
o
2
11
2
1
24
4
2
8
4
41
0
o
89. Inflammation of Lunps
18
&0. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Hremorrhapc from Limps
1
6
92. Other Diseases of this Order ,
3
9
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
94. Constipation
95. Cholera Morbus
3
3
90. Cirrhosis of Liver
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
1
3
1
1
3
o
1
98. Dyspepsia
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
101. Fistula in Ano
102. Hernia
1
1
103. HaL'ir.orrhage from .Stomach
1
Carried forward
465
C46
847
856
8:37
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G3.
201
TABLE XXXII.— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION— Continued.
1862.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
39, 499.
33, 184.
27, 971.
21, 556.
20, 383.
18, 894.
24, 529.
27, 744.
50
51
52
53
54
55
50
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
649
1
1
593
o
375
o
233
o
212
1
138
3
246
5, 7:;o
35
13
o
1
o
1
1
7
3
41
31
6
10
o
3
4
3
7
5
4
3
8
6
o
I
1
2
1
1
o
21
2
28
3
2
3
—
1
4
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
3
5
43
8
7
11
3
4
1
5
2
3
6
3
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
3
2
1
5
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
47
5
28
27
1
1
16
417
17
14
41
o
1
9
7
3
4
1
1
7
1
1
1
1
4
68
4
o
2
58
2
27
53
38
48
11
3
2
5
3
1
1
0
3
o
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
14
3
1
1
1
3
1
757
718
476
302
287
183
279
6,643
202
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXII.— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION— Concluded.
YEAR
1803.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SErTEMISER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
UNDER TREATMENT AT CLOSE OF MONTH . -
14, 323.
22, C54.
38, 351.
35, 146.
36, 437.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Oeaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
465
646
847
856
827
Brought forward
OUDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
2
2
3
1
3
11
1
4
7
5
105. Inflammation of Tonsils
1
1
3
4
4
4
3
1
1
10(3. Inflammation of Stomach
107. Inflammation of Bowels
5
108. Inflammation of Peritonaeum
3
101). Acute Inflammation of Liver
0
1
2
1
1]0. Chronic Inflammation of Liver
1
1
111. Jaundice
1
6
1
5
1
4
113. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
2
1
5
1
0
1
1
3
1
1
ORDER VIII.— Diseases of Bones and Joints.
1
o
1
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
1
1
1
1
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
1
1
o
1
1
1
1
1
142. Simple Fractures
1
3
4
6
702
1
°4
143. Compound Fractures
21
147
1
107
ir,8
428
143. Incised Wounds
i
1
1
147. Punctured Wounds
f>
4
1
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
7
8
9
7
1
2
150. ORDER II. Homicide
151. ORDER III. — Suicide
1
1
152. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence
Total
686
847
1,595
1,353
1,036
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
203
TABLE XXXII.— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION— Concluded.
18G3.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
39, 499.
33, 184.
27, 971.
21, 55G.
20, 383.
18, 894.
24, 529.
27, 744.
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
737
718
470
392
287
183
279
1
1
6,643
3
10
24
44
23
10
8
11
1
24
2
4
1
4
1
3
0
]
5
1
3
1
4
3
0
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
o
1
2
4
12
2
2
3
1
2
1
14
o
1
1
1
4
1
1
j|
o
11
3
1
1
1
0
3
9
10
5
1
1
1
0
o
3
0
1
1
2
1
li
0
11
72
2,642
4
1
13
1
Co
3
10
6
277
1
5
333
1
56
o
3
172
4
34
16
1
1
I
6
18
1
o
1
2
1
5
1
1
2
3
'•
1,073
|
1,098
550
353
317
371
429
.... ''. "
204
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXIII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
18G2.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH, (not including Table ^JTJTII)
227, 419.
160, 950.
229, 084.
277, 230.
289,891.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
1,851
87
1,387
4,862
2,215
2,055
253
110
23, 727
2, 288
2,746
454
133
5
48
485
9
3
5L
12
1
957
99
693
153
2, 690
1, 705
1,614
117
72
11, 125
1, 908
1,425
214
84
1
59
1
386
10
19
30
32
1
626
8
758
147
3,081
3,243
1,956
304
92
19, 150
2,439
1, 892
253
89
8
77
4
314
1
57
40
38
0
2,012
42
949
70
4,622
4, 837
3,038
431
247
23, 502
3,594
3,010
408
128
6
607
3
90
86
1,298
],019
702
457
17
37
19
50
1
4
2,113
20
1,108
10
3,047
3,084
2,258
194
579
13
56
9
45
1
3
o T^h
"' ^ nr • V
' ° °^
.
26
21
47
31
24
4
26
41
106
26
26
3
]
45
175
47
39'
5
7
40
43
263
30
64
8
5
3
88
16, 002
2,494
2,201
379
141
318
15
82
243
2,001
813
056
1,003
155
30
13
291
47
48
7
7
10
1
17
1
1
'
' ron'C
15. Small-pox and Varioloid
4
13
2
24
o
1
28
159
285
28
38
21
106
2, 162
405
1,024
.
3,886
394
587
35
2,372
283
39
45
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
2° Syphilis
468
97
1,282
155
41
94
20
170
32
. f
43
17
17
2
33
152
4
53
53
6
17
5
2,436
2,461
541
59
5
33
27 Serpent Bite
1
2
1,224
4
28 Other Diseases of this Order
1
6
5
178
1
7
21
171
5
24
25
17
85
2
2, 467
2,603
443
56
5
19
3
1
5
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
7
397
5
30. Purpura
29
31
27
18
6
36
32
3
3
1
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
o
^
o
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
1
793
781
123
65
37
44
100
29
12
30. Acute Rheumatism
2,221
1,386
101
97
1
32
1
2
1
1
o
2
1,369
1,480
177
48
1
14
109
129
37
4
o
8
1
1
3
10
2
1
4
*;
6
37. Chronic Rheumatism
38. Anaemia
39. General Dropsy
1
40. Cancer
1
41. Tumors
1
42. Other Diseases of this Order
208
203
C5
3
37
1
7
54
1
1
52
234
76
14
04
4
76
1
64
243
65
14
110
5
74
2
1
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
43
2
1
44. Scrofula
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
40. Itch
47. Tape-worm
11
73
14
50
48. Other Intestinal Worms
53
35
57
49. Other Diseases of this Order
1
Carried forward
53, D89 805 28, 766
817
41, 043
941
oO, *,23
1, 219
45, 726
1,322
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863
205
TABLE XXXIII.
of the Atlantic Region.
1802.
]8(>3.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
361, 616.
359, 920.
351, 250.
352, 750.
315, 600.
284, 184.
217, 206.
2S6, 097.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
l
:;
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
15
1C
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
0*7
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
10
41
42
43
44
45
4ti
47
48
49
2,272
13
1,390
030
5
84
1,909
CO
1,501
479
16
74
1,639
53
1,032
346
22
50
1,639
41
957
341
19
47
935
24
783
219
8
24
725
22
770
133
6
34
511
9
762
108
17, 189
478
12, 090
382
35,264
28, 893
22,110
2,599
1,102
175, 452
27, 948
24,702
3,710
2,015
810
5,239
115
1,041
3,042
24, 803
14,598
6,307
9 617
4,537
120
507
100
343
29
20
0
241
208
2,013
26S
302
76.
331
111
7
150
14
3
217
4
22
2,895
2,488
1,707
332
97
16, 241
3,447
2,403
485
268
123
593
30
254
475
4,660
1, 099
745
1,188
167
51
27
39
2
4
2
13
14
377
28
36
11
44
11
2
24
0
2,883
2,125
1,049
172
117
14, 619
3,779
2,066
536
249
158
948
24
167
483
4,347
434
710
829
9
1
1
1,535
1,281
129
84
11, 330
2, 641
1,072
308
234
118
886
13
104
410
3,338
15
2
2
11
9
189
9
9
12
62
18
1
15
2,350
1,577
1,513
115
57
9,812
1,929
1, 584
230
239
140
849
14
135
401
4,171
575
547
702
23
1
2,139
1,715
1,375
130
49
7,312
1,274
1,270
164
202
102
508
5
92
411
2,625
543
454
669
94
28
4
4
2,416
1,931
141
01
12,735
1,038
2,540
109
147
40
227
1
08
2(il
13
2
3
1
7
3
48
5
1, 952
2,096
1, 073
281
28
9,837
1,117
1,861
170
101
31
59
5
49
64
350
250
358
519
18
1
6
4
84
3
1
0
51
10
6
6
51
19
10
0
7
4
40
4
208
7
34
8
63
23
2
21
15
5
119
10
11
8
61
19
3
6
1
9
13
o
1
3
6
4
978
310
420
23
1
14
1
535
033
667
143
47
35
3
2
2
o
1
559
84
205
59
123
65
23
9
1
5
118
4
22
32
7
18
3
707
720
255
29
1,558
443
225
1
46
25
1
2
48
1
24
170
15
31
45
10
57
3
2,864
3, 172
549
76
9
27
9
212
3, 039
85
339
478
100
276
62
25, 995
26, 485
4, 030
727
92
310
992
2, 5?4
970
91
2, 455
85
549
34
34
175
10
31
55
15
50
4
3, 378
3, 575
593
83
3
32
96
355
104
14
330
11
45
20
52,549
51
181
11
51
14
27
13
3,855
4,298
026
70
9
30
116
328
112
8
310
9
2
o
4
4
o
14
109
10
18
41
10
11
6
2,540
2,834
432
66
12
34
105
335
138
1
20
97
15
22
40
8
4
4
1,831
1,857
357
50
6
34
52
166
90
8
"83
3
67
5
19
55
13
7
4
1, 474
1,318
433
28
3
7
34
14
41
11
3
17
3
4
5
0
1
4
1
2
7
o
1
2
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
4
0
5
7
1
3
2
7
6
1
o
2
8
o
1
o
o
o
1
27
26
58
15
4
o
34
033
10
(!
1
7
1
2
1
1
11
20
84
40
3
142
1
4
92
1
3
89
1
89
292
131
8
4°4
6
50
1
46
31
115
83
7
214
1
39
1
1
^
15
51°
12
18
48
3
4
4
15
62
0
1
55
1
35
o
1
1, 494
50, 291
1,192
39, 259
865
37, 148
757
28, 037
487
31, 812
330
24, 488
334
492, 331
10,503
206
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXIII.— ATLANTIC REGION— Continued.
186^.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STKEXGTII, (not including Table XXXII) • •
227, 419.
166, 950.
229, 084.
277, 230.
289, 891.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
53,389
10
85
81)8
37
12
11
805
4
3
28, 766
10
44
394
14
3
13
817
13
G
41, 643
6
87
588
941
5
5
59, 223
13
1-16
770
1,219
15
0
45, 726
11
129
792
1, 322
16
7
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
52. Headache
0
3
42
4
8
1
5
5
54
19
18
31
79
753
1
8
2
26
13
15
58
115
1
10
7
1
4
7
41
540
43
154
120
21
G
358
16
20
4
298
24
• 57. Nostalgia
392
804
58. Neuralgia
3
o
5
27
109
62
12
7
191
4
9
7
37
59
120
15
5
269
1
1
3
64
39
20
5
3
5
65
6
125
18
6
523
21
6
ORDER II.— Diseases of Eye.
18
364
oo
19
19
39
O"7
53
92
37
GO
224
63
123
34
94
39
9
46
5
°4
ORDEK III.— Diseases of Ear.
77
Of)
189
35
93
41
35
31
75
11
7
00
47
5
94
46
7
42
7
20
16
181
20o
78
9
2
75
5
4
12
14
1
210
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
9
1
5
1
2
14
15
o
1
1
o
1 . a ^ ' arf 1S<! jS
/' r°ps'v 10 .
1
4
2
2
' ' lopSJ ° . .
12
9
6
9
53
98
49
49
1,132
72
3
1
19
11
4
92
103
3
2
12
1
126
192
2
1
1
70* •/ fr f f V *
' "
* .
208
94
100
2,167
139
1
42
12
2]
79
87
1,786
89
1
20
16
81
132
1, 489
222
4
39
101
401
349
84
553
1 412
8
1
1
31
1G5
3,213
356
2
1
3
ORDEH V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83 Asthma
1
1
3
1
6
4
°7
59
262
428
453
91
688
1,073
1, 988
78
160
279
o
25
40
73
155
41
39
964
1 0-17
o
24
1
10
107
227
50
169
1,288
0
12
2
1
13
2
33
4
0
9
6
68
5
1
1
48
103
1,577
1 915
3
1
OIIDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93 Colic
94. Constipation
1, 089
773
1,959
95. Cholora Morbus
6G8
7
558
7
14
6C1
7
300
1
57
724
3
1
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
43
710
1
16
399
3
12
477
1
1
46
630
4
1
20
16
16
294
13
1°
20
9
33
' 101 Fistula in Ano
26
28
40
682
13
102. Hernia
486
11
o
360
13
o
1
530
20
1
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
1
Carried forward
65, 180 888
35,402
945
50, 518
1,052
71, 835
1,359
59, 948
1,493
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18C3.
207
TABLE XXXIII.— ATLANTIC REGION— Continued.
1802.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
Al'RIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
361, 016.
359, 920.
351, 250.
352, 750.
315, 600.
284, 184.
217, 266.
28G, 097.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
80
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
9G
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
52,549
20
161
1,093
43
20
6
41
97
1,006
67
1,494
9
7
50, 291
30
380
1,193
44
25
16
49
109
1,105
57
1,192
11
4
39, 253
15
143
1,115
865
13
6
37, 148
20
151
1,286
757
10
4
28,037
7
101
1,072
487
5
1
31, 812
13
105
1,001
330
4
24, 488
15
63
812
20
334
5
492, 331
170
1,395
11, 014
414
175
132
284
757
8, 233
553
663
1,242
°75
10, 563
110
45
2
21
1
1
1
6
36
25
12
35
107
840
55
47
17
12
37
101
847
55
/-O
20
5
19
39
719
32
4
47
19
14
539
26
1
12
12
1
A.O
12
12
10
25
575
26
39
43
19
3
455
17
124
24
8
136
71
10
5
39
15
CO
27
7
14
13
6
1
13
7
13
3
5
4
4
16
354
25
259
7
4
o
1
o
1
5
1
3
1
2
155
31
6
711
44
55
59
325
70
66
115
8
6
97
oo
10
31
2G
11
262
244
40
280
4,951
590
14
92
373
889
596
118
1,942
1,137
2,259
227
4
68
776
21
41
738
19
11
162
46
18
685
7
66
32
4
83
37
16
577
7
4
1
37
5
8
598
107
5,612
°95
342
27
36
43
32
16
105
50
62
47
48
308
79
15
247
34
33
98
3
4
108
18
7
31
4
8
15G
113
13
172
3,162
610
G
39
290
G02
470
91
1,270
682
1,648
107
2
685
569
2, 4.19
532
433
1, 053
124
50
793
127
61
279
124
58
2,093
1, 951
569
1,990
34,028
4,719
64
5^7
2,820
5,928
5,019
10, 010
12, 308 '
20,944
4,102
42
590
7,519
163
408
5,569
148
053,464
66
28G
22
277
162
147
17
16
37
1
59
68
143
15
55
72
43
40
136
10
4
122
18
11
41
9
3
193
156
28
255
5, 257
847
14
43
537
990
635
120
1,515
734
2 157
17
20
54
2
4
55
7
3
17
1
1
166
102
130
9
3
132
8
34
9
7
230
1
1
1
18
6
5
1
5
4
125
25
15
45
15
4
29G
222
1
13
3
o
g
1
1
3
12
1
2
1
. o
5
10
99
1C
14
22
17
4
1
10
3
1
3
1
3
37
4
1
1
1
8
1
7
128
1
3
1
182
86
12
86
717
9
45
354
4, 583
791
7
57
438
967
809
116
1,649
1,104
2,210
173
i£JL
85
791
6
3
12
7
GG
218
3, 986
679
10
5°
3
3
6
4
1
3
1
3
A.O
92
1,565
213
3
43
162
287
312
57
558
742
1
3
SI
9
48
3]
7
1
29
960
34
23
5
1
42
3
22
4
10
0
4
4
3
2
1
143
0
G
5
1
1
111
2
14
70
139
174
26
115
682
1,111
284
5
3.-,e
1
2
1G3
7
4
15
G
1GO
5
2
6
417
885
560
88
1,409
833
1,883
92
3
79
749
1
]7
40
3
1G4
1
2
47
106
3
15
3
o
3
2
3
o
5
1
1
1
3
1
1, G78
232
4
O.]
1
1
2
87
0
1
3
1
2
84
805
7
3
35
3
49
561
539
31
C
35
309
5
2
7
35
236
5
i
29
187
5
A
48
688
16
1
1
562
15
1
497
13
3
12, 637
72, 644 1, 817
70, 4GO
1,490
56, 319
1,135
56,320
995
41, 810 : GG1
41, 793
415
31,235
387 !
208
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXIII.— ATLANTIC REGION— Concluded.
YEAU
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH, (not including Table XXXII)
227, 419.
166, 950.
229, 084.
277, 230.
289, 891.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
a
65, 180
888
35,402
945
50, 518
1,052
71, 835
13
543
230
86
14
129
119
1, 409
993
519
39
11
3
23
1,359
o
3
5
19
6
1
3
3
59, 948
63
920
125
68
10
88
196
3,848
980
252
33
13
30
9
67
1,493
QRDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
382
208
292
170
52
8
109
139
799
613
303
14
8
2
4
4
7
4
2
5
6
13
8
o
1
1
o
10
1C1
73
10
225
95
1,067
C36
42°
7
19
o
4
8
2
3
3
89
33
5
130
66
988
479
4
6
7
3
1
1
10o. In amma ion o
213
9
5
5
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
11
1
1
1
5
97
49
17
31
179
9
1
1
56
31
17
10
103
11
3
92
39
13
11
107
5
1
1
187
73
54
19
194
16
9
42
1
1
207
55
108
24
4
1
" ' n a .
~ ' "°°U m<jnce
3
1
105
10
9
83
1
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
5
5
14
23
8
1,081
638
89
98
17
31
727
879
98
11
2
580
400
138
8
1
505
7
5
513
413
103
97
428
130 Other Diseases of this Order
1
3
1
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
1
2
1
132 Boilg
133. Carbuncle
109
66
394
24
134. Whitlow
109
711
46
414
12
155
13.r>. Skin Diseases
295
303
134
1
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
38
340
9
123
137. Contusions
2
1
372
1
1
0
o
2
405
5
423
12
138. Concussion of Bruin
3
2
2
139. Drowning
140. Sprains
147
37
49
96
J7
58
74
24
359
20
510
33
61
9
417
298
103
45
14
183
141. Dislocation
142. Simple Fractures
1
7
70
4
6
1,351
49
3
555
007
o
500
143. Compound Fractures
186
o
1
2
144. Gunshot Wounds
1, 980 322
289
4,446
138
269
42
26
56
457
1
7
3
8,138
186
238
177
21
348
145. Incised Wounds
146. Lacerated Wounds
196
63
04
179
4
7
8
29
127
83
39
o
8
147. Punctured Wounds
148. Poisoning
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
13
11
69
152
10
1
5
1
4
150. ORDER II. — Homicide
151. ORDER III. — Suicide
3
i
o
152. ORDER IV.— Execution of Sentence
1
Total
74,091 | 1,271
44, 705
1,475
64, 521
2,560
81, 069
1,974
71, 727
1,780
DUEING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863
209
TABLE XXXIII.— ATLANTIC REGION— Concluded.
1862.
1803.
—
DECEMBEK.
JANUARY.
FEUUUA.HY.
MARCH.
A PHIL. MAY.
JrxE. TOTAL.
361, GIG.
359,920.
351, 250.
352, 750.
315, 600.
28 4, 184.
217, 266.
286, 097.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths. : Cases. Deaths.
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
126
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
145
147
148
149
150
151
152
72, 044
52
1, 390
129
G7
18
140
143
2,833
1,286
179
47
18
46
6
97
179
71
131
25
71
19
109
8
36
26
5
778
1,051
117
281
428
210
C79
16
1,317
G
4
4
9
5
4
70, 4^0
59
1,530
150
95
25
149
113
2 172
1 329
1,490
1
56, 319
48
1, 260
125
73
16
127
116
1 123
1,135
56, 320
39
1, 461
105
14
126
105
1,095
923
995
1
1
41, 810
997
85
5:5
86
86
G43
778
108
42
661
o
41, 793
24
490
415
31, 235
10
321
74
36
o
60
45
248
519
106
21
2
9
387
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
653, 464
330
9,794
1, 537
867
142
3,472
1,307
16, 927
10, 302
3,019
432
164
299
40
487
1,750
602
856
250
998
161
164
756
46
252
222
110
7,492
fc,831
1,104
1,983
4,374
1,513
6,049
108
12, 637
13
17
42
92
62
23
13
27
2
59
1
o
7
5
6
7
5
o
1
4
2
G
4
100
120
8
103
84
463
643
162
36
4
23
5
34
95
26
6
5
3
o
10
3
o
1
1
6
5
15
334
85
~
182
58 .
14
46
3
73
201
64
3
239
50
51
7
53
4
3
1
1
3
51
6
8-1
^57
70
128
1
2
2
10
32
1
44
122
53
84
24
1
1
8
18
3
2
12
4
2
2
]00
2
67
13
33
9
11
6
3
50
18
7
58
111
28
50
oo
1
120
40
0
30
12
14
49
4
14
12
15
31
72
32
40
17
112
6
46
1
1
1
12
1
2
1
36
13
~
41
112
11
4°
1
1
32
13
1
1
102
35
92
3
31
16
17
565
741
59
17
6
28
26
10
580
964
89
250
^
10
613
1, 012
107
13
503
929
85
226
Ifi
4
1
2
o
550
902
1
497
677
48
113
150
87
434
62
1
187
225
167
486
7
125
424
347
146
510
8
394
187
628
11
1
1
275
108
633
7
o
G
16
22
41
17
77
4,889
6
43
54
10
211
43
C
2
4
243
725
18
1
1
3
1
12
1
4
3
5
3
1
5
G
5
4
1
716
46
82
34
8,548
385
235
63
44
759
66°
748
845
695
410
17
40
6
624
209
73
48
59
131
6,021
419
756
105
31, 699
3, GOO
1,733
795
466
2,075
58
91
9
434
506
133
59
27
134
49
53
1
47
73
6
347
423
36
61
9
578
331
75
50
35
141
1
35
69
26
5,388
242
73
70
66
112
1
3
560
o
4
186
1
1
o
1
29
1
1
4
9
779
1
10
7
355
3
244
366
1
74
67
1
3
52
2
114
35
I
97
GO
36
174
4
1
1
G
1
3
0
3
16
2
25
1
1
35
230
3
7
1
4
14
3
8
6
7
1
3
93, 744
2,721
83,116 1,032
66, 101
1,264
66. 493
1,107
49, 917
769
53, 853
1,030
36,! IS
644 785,879 18,529
SICKNESS, ETC., DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G3 211
CENTRAL REGION.
The reports of sick and wounded from troops in tlic Central Region arc consolidated
into statistical tables for eight armies or departments, as follows :
1. The Department of Western Virginia . Table XXXIV.
2. The Northern Department . Table XXXV.
3. The Department of the Ohio Table XXXVI.
4. The Department of the Cumberland - Table XXXVII.
5. The Department of the Tennessee . Table XXXVIII.
6. The Department of the Gulf Table XXXIX.
• 7. The Department of the Northwest Table XL.
8. The Department of the Missouri - Table XLI.
To these tables are added —
9. A table showing the mortality in the general hospitals of
the Central Region Table XLII.
10. A consolidated table for the Central Region Table XLIII.
1. THE DEPARTMENT OF WESTERN VIRGINIA — TABLE XXXIV.
This table embraces the reports received from troops in the State of Maryland west
of Hancock, and in that portion of Western Virginia which, by the Act of Congress
approved December 31, 1862, was constituted the State of West Virginia. This region
was embraced in the Mountain Department at the commencement of the year now under
consideration. August 12, 1862, the Mountain Department was discontinued, its troops
being merged' into the Army of Virginia. The greater portion of these troops were
transferred to the Army of Virginia, as lias already been shown.
September 19, 1862, Western Virginia was attached to the Department of the Ohio,
and March 16, 1863, it was transferred to the Middle Department; these changes,
have, however, been disregarded in the construction of the table.
O
June 24, 1863, the Department of West Virginia was created by General Orders,
No. 186, to consist of that portion of the Middle Department west of Hancock, including
the adjacent counties of Ohio, General B. F. Kelley to command. The limits assigned
to the department by this order coincide with those used in the table, witli (he exception
of the part of Ohio referred to, which has been included in the Northern Department.
212 SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
•2. THE NORTHERN DEPARTMENT — TABLE XXXV.
Tlio Northern Department was created by General Orders No. 17, January 12, 1861,
to consist of the States of Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. In this table the
designation is applied to the same region, with the addition of the State of Wisconsin.
It embraces, therefore, that portion of the Central Region which lies between the Mississippi
and the Ohio rivers.
3. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO — TABLE XXXVI.
Under this designation are embraced, after the first of January, 1863, all reports
received from troops in that portion of Kentucky lying east of the Tennessee river. The
Department of the Ohio, which, as has been explained, was discontinued March 11, 1862,
was re-established August 19, 1862, by General Orders No. 1L2, and defined as embracing
the States of Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Wisconsin, and Kentucky east of the Tennessee
river, and includin0' Cumberland Gap and the troops operating in its vicinity. General II.
G. Wright to command.
O
As shown above, all this region, except the portion of Kentucky east of the Tennessee
river, has, for geographical reasons, been embraced in a separate table under the designa
tion Northern Department. It has also been found most convenient, on account of the
complicated movements involved in the retreat of the army of General Buell to Louisville
and its subsequent advance, to embrace this part of Kentucky in the Department of the
Cumberland until the close of 1862. March 25, 1863, General A. E. Burnside assumed
command of the Department of the Ohio.
4. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND — TABLE XXXVII.
In this table are embraced all reports received from the Army of the Ohio under
General Buell, the Army of the Cumberland under General Rosecrans, and during the
first six months the reports from that portion of Kentucky lying east of the Tennessee
river. The Department of the Cumberland, which, as already mentioned, had been merged
into the Departments of the Missouri and the Ohio November 9, L861. was re-established
by General Orders No. 163, October 21, 1862, to consist of the State of Tennessee east
of the Tennessee river, and such parts of northern Alabama and Georgia as should be
occupied by the troops of the Army of the Cumberland, General W. S. Rosecrans to
command. Subsequently to January 1, 1863, these are the limits relied upon in the
construction of the table. The Army of the Ohio under General Buell, at the commence
ment of July, 1862, wa> in motion in northern Alabama threatening Chattanooga. The
advance of Generals Kirby Smith and Bragg, after the raids of Forrest and Morgan in
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1803. 213
July and August, compelled the retreat of General Buell to Louisville, which he reached
September 25, 1862. Nashville, however, was still held by its garrison. General Buell
concentrated his army at Louisville, and, October 1st, being well reinforced, marched out
after the united Rebel Army under General Bragg. The battle of Perryville was fought
October 8th, and shortly after the Army was withdrawn towards the line of the Louisville
and Nashville Railroad, where General Rosecrans took command October 30th.
General Rosecrans advanced by way of Nashville towards Murfreesboro', near which
place the battle of Stone River was fought, December 31, 1862, and January 1, 2 and 3,
1863. After this no further advance of importance was made until June 24th, when the
army was again put in motion by way of Manchester, flanking the Rebel Army under
General Bragg, and compelling its retreat to Chattanooga.
5. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE — TABLE XXXVIII.
As already explained, the Department of the Tennessee was created by General
Orders No. 159, October 16, 1862, to embrace Cairo, Forts Henry and Donelson, northern
Mississippi, and those portions of Kentucky and Tennessee lying west of the Tennessee
river, General U. S. Grant to command.
The table embraces the reports received from troops in this region prior to the order,
as well as subsequently. At the close of the previous year the greater part of the army
under General Grant was in northern Mississippi and southwestern Tennessee.
September 19th the battle of luka was fought, and October 4th the battle of Corinth.
Subsequently Vicksburg became the objective of the army. General Grant moved into
northern Mississippi by way of Holly Springs, advancing as far as Oxford; but the capture
of Holly Springs December 20th compelled his retreat to that place. Meanwhile a part
of the Army of the Southwest under General Ilovey had crossed from Helena, Arkansas,
into Mississippi, and operated without decided results against the enemy's communications,
and on the day of the fall of Holly Springs a strong force under General W. T. Sherman
embarked at Memphis, and descended the Mississippi to the mouth of the Yazoo, near
which it was disembarked for the attack of Vicksburg. After tjie unsuccessful assault
of December 29th, this force was re-embarked and carried up the Arkansas and White
rivers to Arkansas Post, which was captured January llth. Subsequently it returned to
the Mississippi river, and towards the close of the month united with the forces under
General Grant, which descended the river on transports from Memphis, and landed at
Young's Point and Milli ken's Bend. General Grant established his headquarters at
Young's Point February 2d, and after various unsuccessful enterprises, among which may
be mentioned the Ya/.oo Pass and Steele's Bayou expeditions, began, March 29th, to move
the army by land on the Louisiana side of the river to Perkins' Plantation, a point on (he
west bank of the Mississippi a few miles below New Carthage. Alter the naval demon-
214 SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
stration against Grand Gulf, the army was inarched to a point on tlie Louisiana bank
south of that place, and April 30th the advance crossed the river to Bruinsburg on
transports which had run by the Vicksburg batteries. This was followed by the march via
Jackson, Mississippi, which, after the battles of Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Cham
pion's Kill, and Big Black River, terminated in the investment of Vicksburg May 19th.
The sico-o of Vicksburg was then pressed till the surrender of that place, July 4, 1863.
6. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF — TABLE XXXIX.
This table embraces reports from substantially the same region as the table for the
previous year. August 8, 1862, west Florida was annexed, which, as already explained,
had from the first been consolidated in these tables with the Department of the Gulf.
March 16, 1863, Key AVest and Fort Jefferson, Tortugas, were added; they have,
nevertheless, been consolidated with the Department of the South.
August 5, 1862, a rebel force attacked Baton Rogue, but was repulsed; the place
was, however, evacuated on the 12th. Towards the close of October General AVeitzel
made an expedition into the La Fourche District, which he occupied.
December 14th General 1ST. P. Banks reached New Orleans with reinforcements, and
took command of the Department. In March he concentrated an army at Baton Rouge,
and after a demonstration against Port Hudson, moved into the Teche District, penetrating
as far as Alexandria, on the Red river, which was reached early in May. After the
termination of this expedition General Banks returned to the vicinity of Baton Rouge,
and thence moved against Port Hudson, the siege of which continued from the latter part
of May till the surrender of the place, July 8, 1863.
7. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST — TABLE XL.
This table embraces the reports received from troops within the same limits as were
assigned in constructing Table XVII, viz: the States of Iowa and Minnesota, and the
Territories of Nebraska and Dakota. The reports fro'm the State of Wisconsin, which
officially formed a part "of the Department of the Northwest, have been consolidated with
the Northern Department. The most important events during the year were the Indian
massacres, during the summer of 1862 and the following spring, which led to the
expedition of -General Siblcy in the summer of 1863.
8. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI — TABLE XLI.
This Department was reorganized by General Orders No. 135, September 19, 1862.
By this order the Department was composed of the States of Missouri, Arkansas, Kansas,
and the bordering Indian Territory; Alton, Illinois, was also attached. General S. R.
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, I8G3. 215
Curtis was assigned to command. The limits here indicated have been observed in
constructing the table, with the exception of Alton, Illinois, which has been included in
the Northern Department, and of the force at Helena, Arkansas, which, on account of its
position and its intimate relations with the army of General Grant, has been consolidated
with the Department of the Tennessee.
October 11, 1862, the Territories of Colorado and Nebraska were added to the
Department of the Missouri by General Orders No. 155. This change, however, has
been disregarded in constructing the table. General E. V. Turner was assigned to
o o o
command March 9th. and General J. M. Schofield May 13th, 1863.
216
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXIV.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
18G;2.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
4, 851.
2, 377.
7, 656.
21, 244.
25, 462.
LIST OP DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OilDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
31
11
3
18
11
o
38
11
2
C9
0
98
8
• yp
1(3
56
53
1
13
14
40
6
3
10
27
9
90
52
200
141
79 [
154
4
246
G9
363
21
o
379
3
84
o
o
319
4
34
422
1,384
84
257
18
10
741
43
140
9
oo
3
107
1
1
11. C iroi
2
3
1
1
1
8
ir Ar"'1'! P°Xa
39
12
165
137
9
20
35
1
3
5
73
215
83
638
51
og
20
2
1
10
1
14
166
25
168
27
92
o
OHDEU II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22 Syphilis
35
4
1
108
4
24 Orchitis
0
12
25 Stricture of the Urethra
20. Purulent Ophthalmia
C
27. Serpent Bite
28. Other Diseases of this Order
1
3
4
1
2
1
OKDEK III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
31. Delirium Tremens
1
1
32. Inebriation
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
36. Acute Rheumatism
25
13
G
40
10
o
172
168
193
37. Chronic Rheumatism
8
146
38. Anaemia
39. General Dropsy
2
o
o
1
3
40. Cancer
41. Tumors
1
9
9
C
42. Other Diseases of this Order
2
3
1
2
3
1
4
0
ORDER II.— Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
1
4
11
5
44. Scrofula
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch
17
47. Tape-worm
48. Other Intestinal Worms
6
3
3
49. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
718
20
499
14
1,115
20
3,818
5
2,981
10
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
217
TABLE XXXIV
of the Department of Western Virginia.
1869.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBKUAUY. MAKCII.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
21,844.
11,511.
13, 529.
13, 554.
14, 103.
15, 907.
1G, 408. 14, 045.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths- Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. ! Deaths.
Cases. Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
3
4
5
6
7
-
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1G
17
18
19
20
21
00
23
24
25
2G
28
29
30
31
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
158
12
44
4
48
1
4
5
/-8
5
2G
4
59
5
38
1
655
1
25G
79
1
8
o
32
17
155
83
182
31
37
C)O
07
23
48
50
129
°G
650
782
1,304
42
35
GG
C5
£8
44
141
o
i| 24
55
1
39
15
4,985
520
1, 099
139
111
15
616
3
99
452
1,911
478
4
101
30
1
7
1G5
0
!
j
8
431
52
97
21
»_ J
1
183
17G
177
275
415
45
59
33
55
20
60
11
11
3
o
1
49
Gl
7
3
4
1
148
113
20
17
]0
16
18
5
3
2
1
10
15
GC
1
17
G3
Q
37
1
7
o
1
3
3
27
3
11
o
134
407
33
31)
70
5
3
11
11
10
41
195
0
3
19
47
38
21
C
24
1
G8
r
24
18"i
85
3
1G
°4
15
20
55
G
4
4
47
5
53
39
587
78
4
1
14
11
7
1
1
8
1
7
1
G
14
50
1
1
3
1
9
S8
5
10
3
1
I
900
863
1G4
20
6
24
Fl
65
ISO
]S
3
1
15
29
41
1
1
0
4
7
1
„
1
1
4
1
1
2
1
1
1
190
127
11
79
79
43
33
G7
59
59
G8
18
G5
51
GG
33
G
1
o
10
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
o
9
o
C
9
1
35
1
9
15
1
C
4
2
8
9
]
G
7
4
7
1
11
21
.
1
64
19
9
1C
5
49
2,491
1C ! i'09
1
i
6 1, 147
10
793
11
855
8
1,077
8 1, 391
3 !
" j
17,824 131
218
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE XXXIV.— DEPARTMENT OF WESTERN VIRGINIA— Continued.
VKAK
18G3.
J UI.Y.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
4, 851.
2, 377.
7, G50.
21,244.
25, 402.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
20
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
718
499
14
1,145
20
3,818
5
2,981
1
5
90
10
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
OIIDEK I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
1
1C
3
31
G
15
13
1
3
1
1
5
2
4
13
54
1
5
1
3
7
1
10
11
25
4
1
1
1
r, 1 " '
3
1
3
3
2
8
1
21
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
0° Annurosis
1
15
8
3
44
52
1
1
3
3
7
1
1
n
1C
10
5
1
3
3
3
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
25
4
7
70 Deafness
1
fi
1
OIIDEII IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
7"). Dropsy from Heart Disease
7(1. Dropsy of Pericardium
1
78. Inflammation of Endocardium
1
1
1
4
4
8
1
q
81. Varicoeele
8
82. Other Diseases of this Order
1
10
9
C3
8
o
OUDEII V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma
1
81
84. Acute Bronchitis
40
48
1
103
!-•">. Chronic Bronchitis
21
80. Dropsy of Chest . .
1
3
87. Haemorrhage from Nose
5
7
14
125
"0
88. Inflammation of Larynx
1
15
8'.>. Inflammation of Lun^s
C
6
9
1
34
19
82
0
90
25
9
179
07
109
20
2
90. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Haemorrhage from Lunc's
C
98
109
150
92. Other Diseases of this Order
1
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
4
30
3
10
30
15
94. Constipation
9.1. Cholera Morbus
90. Cirrhosis of Liver
1
21
20 '
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
98. Dyspepsia
o
0
18
°0
90. Diseases of Pancreas ...
100. Diseases of Spleen .
1
1
4
OT*
1
1
10!. .Fistula in Auo
1
1
c.
1
8
102. Hernia
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
i
1
Can-led forward
832
23
039
15
1,535
20
4,700
8
4, 057 19
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G3.
219
TABLE XXXIV.— DEPARTMENT OF WESTERN VIRGINIA— Continued.
18(>9.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
21, 844.
11,511.
13, 529.
13, 554.
14,103.
15, 907.
1G, 498.
14, 045.
50
51
52
53
54
55
5(i
57
58
59
GO
Gl
G2
63
64
65
60
67
03
69
70
71
73
75
76
77
78
7!)
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
90
91
92
93
94
9.-,
96
97
98
100
101
102
103
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases.
Deaths. Cases, j Deaths. ; Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
| Cases.
Deaths.
3,4,1
16
909
1
C
44
1
6
1
1,147
1
8
43
1
10
793
1
o
53
1
11
855
1
5
38
8
1,077
1
9
Gl
1
1
8
1,391
3
17, 624
6
51
5°7
131
I
1
4
79
2
1
1
o
44
10
8
4
27
57
1
1
3
2
1
-
1
1
1
o
1
13
87
1
5
36
2
7
o
1
5
1
3
39
6
33
1
39
1
6
32
43
446
20
1
9
2
1
1
21
15
1
1
1
6
1
4
32
6
64
8
363
26
2
I
1
37
4
o
CO
3
28
30
40
4
5
34
11
1
1
0
1
1
4
16
32
157
47
17
45
6
3
46
9
1
3
IS
8
3
4
3
9
4
1
15
8
3
7
|
17
10
6
3
4
1
3
1
1
3
0
4
4
2
1
7
0
0
1
18
3
1
8
9
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
7
o
1
1
1
3
2
5
4
0
8
3
4
9
8
6
7
4
49"
4
20
1,012
178
6
29
1
1
1
13
240
51
3
14
11
104
25
8
200
51
174
23
1
1
C
48
11
8
159
1
44
3
38
0
107
41
10
16
15
11
C3
17
1
C2
21
CO
48
1
19
CO
11
42
21
9
4G
15
1
1
113
65G
236
59
609
377
1,023
148
23
4
4
4
7
°3
12
14
3
27
48
20
11
1G
(J5
85
G5
1
1
I
13
1
*_4
54
5
15
29
4°
G8
63
7
90
20
7
]
1
0
.,
20
23
34
"0
o-
r>o
33
22*.'
13
i:>4
6
1
25
1
o
1
11
]
25
21
24
1
11
12
2
'1
3, 802
•>o
1,427
12
1,870
14
1, 286
18
1,478
16
1,552
9
1,917
3
25,115
1TO
220
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OP WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE XXXIV.— DEPARTMENT OF WESTERN VIRGINIA— Concluded.
YE A 11
1869.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
4, 851.
2, 377.
7, 050.
21, 244.
25, 402.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Csses.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
853
23
039
15
1, 535
20
4,700
8
4,057
19
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
' * 5 , „,
1
5
17
44
99
1
8
o
'
2
4
11
35
4
1
' ' wMBun
21
14
15
134
in
4
1
14
42
271
58
3
1
13
9
48
45
1
8
OUDEii VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
1
0
o
• f T f"
4
11
4
4
1
0
1
o
3
1
1
1
10> IT vdrocele
14
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
1
3
0
1
3
OHDEU IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
7
1
19
59
47
°9
132 Boils
2
30
10
133 Carbuncle
5
134 Whitlow
1
o
4
21
11
33
9
27
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDEK I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
130. Burns
o
17
°0
137. Contusions
3
4
1
6
14
138. Concussion of Brain
133. Drowning
140. Sprains
10
o
13
1
10
37
"7
141. Dislocation
-
142. Simple Fractures
o
4
0
143. Compound Fractures
144. Gunshot Wounds
0
2
o
3
1
1
13
4
10
G
19
1
23
12
c
145. Incised Wounds
1 40. Lacerated Wounds
147. Punctured Wounds
1
a
12
4
1
1
02
148. Poisoning
1
11
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
1
150. ORDER II. — Homicide
151. OUDEK III. — Suicide
152. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence
Total
907
29
707
17
1, 784
30
5,373
10
4,834
25
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G3.
221
TABLE XXXIV.— DEPARTMENT OF WESTERN VIRGINIA— Concluded.
18G2.
1803.
DECEMBEK.
JANUARY.
FEUUUARY.
MAUCH.
APEIL.
MAT.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
21, 844.
11,511.
13, 529.
13, 554.
14, 103.
15, 907.
1G, 498.
14, 045.
104
103
lOfi
107
108
109
no
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
J23
124
123
12G
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
14G
147
148
149
150
151
152
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
3,602
22
1,427
12
1,870
14
1,280
18
1,478
10
1,552
3
34
G
1
3
9
1,917
3
25, 115
3
380
80
52
22
110
109
770
333
149
20
179
50
5
5
18
G
24
4
14
15
10
15
21
38
34
4
o
3
3
4
1
1
1
1
1 i
8
14
19
120
42
1
5
G
13
G5
37
10
1"
8
13
17
30
13
4
1
7
19
4
25
9
24
15
32
21
12
2G
13
1
0
1
5
1
1
4
7
4
12
78
1
4
1
1
1
21
o
6
5
C
1
8
3
12
o
12
12
1
3
1
3
0
2
1
1
23
4
33
3
4
21
1
8
13
15
203
240
7
0
3
1
1
2
1
5
1
1
1
7
1
2
1
2
3
1
2
9
50
4
6
37
5
18
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
17
15
14
°7
21
0-1
20
"1
1
5
3
10
1
4
o
34
57
7
5
G
3
1G
4
10
7
43
1
3
4
G
153
o
7
4
5
11
54
170
1
o
1
1
1
30
3.
1
1
9
12
8
1
1
G
C
17
1
10
17
1
1
1
8
1
1
1
18
29
242
1
4
00
10
3
128
61
120
17
3
109
1
34
2 1
1
5
2
2
C
5
1
13
1
3
1
10
G
3
3
2
30 '
3
o
13
1
1
24
I
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
4, SCO
25
1, CG(>
1G
2,173
1C
1,536
22
1,748
18
1,810
20
2,211
8
29, 115
242
222
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXV.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YE \K
1869.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MF \\ STKFNGTII
919.
929.
7, 784.
13, 735.
9, 406.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
3
1
11
29
4
121
7
47
22
59
17
3 Tvjiho-MalarHl Fever
8
13
G7
1
19
2G
GO
78
1
117
213
1
304
450
2
135
14G
69
5
5
«.t>8
34
49
4
14
G
82
7
1
215
CO
10
26
255
5
8
193
1
3
13
15
879
127
3
o
6
20
3
18G
6
29
1
1
4
4
1
1
4
1
4
47
1
14
33
45
5
4
1
1
1
1
1
63
1
10
3
1
11
84
129
18. Diphtheria
19
8
G
7
1G
337
140
47
114
47
1
20
CO
4
29
7
55
"8
1
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22. Svphilis '.
23. Gonorrhoea
106
13
3
6
24. Orchitis
25. Stricture of the Urethra
o
26. Purulent Ophthalmia
o
27. Serpent Bite
28. Other Diseases of this Order
o
ORDER lll.—Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
1
5
3
3
31. Delirium Tremens .
6
5
1
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathctic Diseases.
35. Gout
18
18
3
1
72
C3
1C
49
47
3
1
o
37. Chronic Rheumatism
10
14
38. Anaemia
o
40. Cancer
41. Tumors
1
42. Other Diseases of this Order
8
1
20
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
1
1
14
4
2
13
44. Scrofula
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
40. Itch
8
47. Tape-worm
48. Other Intestinal Worms
49. Other Diseases of this Order
1
710
3
292
o
899
J6
3, 189
45
1,444
43
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
223
TABLE XXXV.
of the Northern Department.
1862.
1803.
DECEMHEU.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
6, 798.
5, 076.
3, 249.
6, 422.
3, 910.
4, 075.
4, 337.
5, 553.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. ; Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
1
3
4
5
C
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
1.,
in
17
18
19
20
21
25
2<>
tJt
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
5
4
12
G
9
7
25
6
9
3
11
3
16
5
310
7
207
78
~
C
13
5
11
12
0
8
7
30
62
70
3
13
50
47
10
1
17-1
21
13
3
10
38
2o
59
108
139
1
24
104
49
2
7
37
63
37
59
55
1
1
loo
818
1, 502
932
17
1
31
83
7
5
90
4
8
1
1
19
6
52
105
G5
2, 170
57(>
335
70
128
127
344
0
45
359
1
11
6
25
3
4
21
39
19
1
13
1
202
33
19
10
1
90
1
G
1C3
84
31
57
3
1
3
6
155
26
24
2
20
6
1
64
32
6
1
2
G
3
o
4
78
31
10
23
9
12
]
1
7
6
4
3
G
5
7
8
24
28
29
3
7
1
1
13
12
14
o
4
3,
4
11
31
6
3
o
74
G
"7
1
5
i, 9
28
133
137
10
108
16
74
117
10
10
ou
399
17
10
1
1,649
570
241
1
9
1
8
13
o
G
28
5
20
45
5
57
73
15
43
5
536
52
11
37
4
1
1
1
5
3
10
10
1
3
1
4
43
6
28
34
6
1
1
3
5
16
21
1
4
1
3
j
3
2
1
4
15
1
4
6
1
3
30
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
40
47
48
49
80
53
22
40
39
10
28
27
5
5G
37
21
10
oo
8
31
1
5
GO
12
372
433
101
11
3
7
42
72
29
23
161
3
3
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
o
1
1
1
o
10
5
4
4
4
G
7
1
1
12
3
6
5
o
1
10
6
3
13
3
1
24
27
38
1
31
31
4
0
7
1,153
35
811 36
G97
18
1,406
21
C48
23
537
19
eco
23
12, 646 284
224
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXV.— NORTHERN DEPARTMENT— Continued.
YE AII
180^2
Jl LY.
AUGUST.
SEl'TEXmEU.
OCTOUKK.
NOVEMBER.
919.
929.
7, 784.
13, 735.
9, 406.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Brought forward
710
3
292
0
899
16
3,189
45
1, 444
43
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
OUDEII I.— Diseases of Xcrvous System.
1
3
9
7
4
o
1
1
7
1
0
1
** ' sa y
3
1
1
3
1
3
* " '!" . ° ""*
3
' ^ .
4
9
30
3
16
'r<} p. , ."
1
1
3
0
OKDEH II. — Diseases of Eye.
1
(11
3
33
12
0
oo
._' f I i
1
3
4
OHUEK III. — Diseases of Ear.
11
o
70 Deafness
1
o
0
o
72 Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
1
OltUKil IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
1
2
o
17
<»
1
3
14
9
7
81
4
82. Other Diseases of this Order
1
3
1
9
4
97
15
OitDEK V. — Diseases of Kespiratory Organs.
83 Asthma
35
8
3
47
4
85. Chronic Bronchitis
86. Dropsy of Chest
I
87. Haemorrhage from Nose
0
88. Inflammation of Larynx
2
1
1
o
75
56
7
6
5
o
1
16
73
11
r
89. Inflammation of Lungs
10
1
0
18
90. Inflammation of Pleura
6
91. Haemorrhage from Lungs
1
92. Other Diseases of this Order
1
18
21
i;
OllDEH VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
16
8
1
172
1
17
33
3
94. Constipation .. .
20
95. Cholera Morbus
8
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
1
1
7
8
5
99. Diseases of Pancreas
1
100. Diseases of Spleen
i
3
101. Fistula in Ano
„
4
•j
r
°T
26
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
4
1
820 4
351
1,001
21
3, 839
57
1, 905
62
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
225
TABLE XXXV.— NORTHERN DEPARTMENT— Continued.
1862.
18(5; 5.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBKTAKY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAV. JUNE. TOTAL.
6, 798.
5, 076.
3, 249.
6, 422.
3, 910.
4, 075.
4, 337.
5,553.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
21
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
537
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
50
51
52
53
54
55
5 ;
51
58
59
60
61
62
63
6-1
65
66
67
63
69
70
71
7°
1,153
35
1
811
36
097
18
1, 406
648
1
4
16
23
19
800
23
12, 646
1
43
187
284
1
0
6
45
4
o
4
3
3
20
3
4
15
3
6
11
38
1
1
1
1
27
3
1
1
14
8
21
48
179
15
1
11
1
0
1
1
o
3
10
r
1
;?
6
1
1
10
1
]
7
12
12
19
°4
11
1
12
1
0
3
1
2
2
1
3
o
45
|
fi
413
4
21
°4
0-1
40
44
41
1
ij
3
19
4
6
00
11
fi
1
10
6
4
1
4
7
3
1
4
6
6
3
1
4
1
10
5
55
3
9
1
0
11
5
11
24
4
50
50
73
74
7<>
78
79
80
•-
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
%
i
93
i
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
12
1
5
_
5
1
•1
1
5
10
1
o
2
5
0
o
(i
c
1
o
0')
1
1
1
1
13
5
0
4
7
4
3
1
20
38
CS2
102
0
7
30
6
3
24
1
12
36
15
111
8
1
96
3
4
o
40
21
11
70
15
4
33
33
78
L
04
7G
17
1
8
14
8
o
1 30
01
10
15
5
1
18
18
24
6
3
11
1
356
92
23
3
93
4
(i
10 5
5 1
o
11
12
9
J
10
1 :
1
64
3
33
1
09
64
"6
1
202
177
521
o
10
23
1
18
12
13
59
5
"9
27
5
5
96
97
98
01
3
1!)
7
Tl
3
16
15
142
1
13
13
18
101
1
4
1
1
9
103
7
10, 7-JG
l(i
0
o
3
'
3
1
1
38
•1-J3
],?•;:! -M i,U3
42
931
33 2, 071
44
874
40
789
30 i 1.2C9
1
22G
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXV.— NORTHERN DEPARTMENT— Concluded.
YEAR
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
919.
929.
7, 784.
13, 735.
9,406.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
820
4
351
2
1,061
2t
3,839
57
1,905
62
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
3
3
o
32
12
50
1
12
1
1
1
o
2
1
2
1
1
1
4
8
6
176
"7
20
0
3
4
Cl
5
70
17
5
10
31
2
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
4
3
1
~° ^ S f !»
5
o
3
1
11
1
1
1
4
2
4
' " * . J
00
1
8
4
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Hones and Joints.
1
10- ' ^
.
3
3
2
4
1
1
14
4
1°9 Necrosis
O&DEii IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
2
6
1
2
1
°7
132 Boils ...
8
8
5
11
4
8
1
134. Whitlow ...
4
5
6
13
3
5
312
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
137. Contusions
1
1
1
1
139. Drowning
140. Sprains
3
1
3
8
11
1
1
141. Dislocation
142. Simple Fractures
4
1
143. Compound Fractures
111
0
11
1
G
5
l^;
1
145. Incised Wounds
14G. Lacerated Wounds
3
1
1
147. Punctured Wounds
4
o
148. Poisoning
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
11
1
4
1
150. OHDEP. II. — Homicide
151. OUDER III.— Suicide
152. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence
Total
33
2, 198
70
839
4
384
4
1,576
4,279
62
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
227
TABLE XXXV.— NORTHERN DEPARTMENT— Concluded.
1869.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY. JUNE.
TOTAL.
6, 798.
5, 076.
3, 249.
6, 422.
3, 910.
4, 075.
4, 337.
5 553.
10-1
105
IOC
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
110
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
140
147
148
149
150
151
152
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1,703
1
88
11
8
44
1,113
42
931
33
2,071
44
874
40
789
2
30
36
1,209
38
1C, 726
3
336
41
32
6
87
36
427
154
83
4
9
423
21
21
f»7
49
15
4
1
1
2
1
1
]
G
5
5
4
1
1
1
1
5
2
6
3
3
13
o
5
C
15
2
1
14
10
33
12
33
1
12
18
1
G
42
10
7
3
G
15
14
15
4
9
1
17
1
1
2
4
G
o
o
1
5
1
6
12
7
5
18
45
9
7
4
14
10
5
16
5
C
6
107
97
14
1
0
3
4
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
2
r>
1
3
3
2
3
0
6
3
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
4
5
3
1
1
1
9
oo
9
4
13
°5
G
4
8
13
7
13
2
4
61
1
22
2
7
g
5
1
8
3
15
3
3
1
1
G
3
1
20
G
437
15
83
1
0
.}
2
1
3
1
27
7
10
1
10
JO
11
1
9
3
108
9
9
1
1
18
7
o
o
1
1
8
1
1
o
3
C
39
G
o
187
53
23
24
3
25
1!)
1
15
4
7
1
2
4
7
1
1
4
1
1
o
1
3
4
1
0
1
1
2, 0,-G
48
1,277
42 1, 050
39
2 279
50
1,010
4G
907
37
1,441
41
1!\ 320 -17G
228
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXVI.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
MONTH
MEAN STREXGTU.
JULY.
AUGUST.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases. Deaths. : Cases. Deaths.
CLASS I.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
1. Typhoid Fever
2. Typhus Fever
3. Typho-Malariul Fever
4. Yellow Fever
5. Remittent Fever
6'. Quotidian Intermittent Fever
7. Tertian Intermittent Fever
Intermittent V*
8. Quartan Intermit
'.». Congestive Intermittent Fever
It). Acute Diarrhoea •
11. Clironie Diarrhoea
12. Acute Dysentery
13. Chronic Dysentery
14. Erysipelas
SEPTEMBER.
Cases.
Deaths.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
Cases. ; Deaths. ! Cases. ! Deaths
15. Small-pox and Yarioloid.
]li. Measles .
17. Scarlet Fever .
Diphtheria.
Mi
20. Epidemic Catarrh.
21. Other Disea
of this Order.
OKDEK U.—Entltetic Diseases,
22. Syphilis
2'!. Gonorrhoea
21. Orchitis
25. Stricture of the Urethra
2t>. Purulent Ophthalmia
27. Serpent IViio
28. Other Diseases of tliis Order
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
30. Purpnra
31. Delirium Tremens
32. Inebriation
33. Chronic. Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathctic Diseases.
33. Gout
36. Acute Rheumatism
37. Chronic Rheumatism
38. Anaemia
39. General Dropsy
40. Cancer
41. Tumors
42. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
44. Scrofula
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
4(1. Itch
47. Tape-worm
-IS. Other Intestinal Worms
411. Other DUea-.es of this Order.. .
Carried forward.
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G3.
229
TABLE XXXVI.
of the Department of tlic Ohio.
1803.
1803-
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCII.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
30, 549.
22, 197.
30, 682.
45, 956.
41, 335.
20, 601.
32, 886.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. I Deaths.
Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
i
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
i:i
i ;
15
10
17
18
1!)
20
21
23
24
25
t*i
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
238
57
83
3
50
129
3
33
55
168
4
45
49
0
121
12
42
23
1
107
20
851
288
254
3
15
104
9
1
5
°7
32C
4GC
3
149
371
5
236
601
7
277
433
329
2
388
4°4
1
201
241
3
1, 565
2, 535
1,387
131
91
7, 426
900
953
79
458
76
1,170
11
149
C58
1,627
332
417
1
179
47
1
135
10
11
585
56
91
1
80
240
164
5
156
24
3
o
7
13
919
142
118
13
76
16
218
10
18
71
291
52
53
84
8
1
1
2
1
15
1
i««O
1, 649
209
184
18
68
21
162
1
23
146
412
8
1
6
5
1,881
20 1
267
67
11
105
1
4
949
107
130
23
48
3
32
14
12
40
5
4
76
27
74
2
1
1
5
1, 443
185
103
12
99
3
413
6
5
28
3
30
o
3
2
4
1
31
7
21
1
4
2
9
9
10
4
4
5
2
i
55
27
91
1
1
20
CO
146
178
107
145
6
47
48
1
178
11
37
59
6
1
4
8
65
8G
17
1
3
1
53
93
208
62
140
8
20
80
14
19
1
3
7
5
0
0
5
1
4
1
21
C
o
1
145
1
3
12
3
11
299
6
32
4
82
26
5
5
4
13
1
1
1
1
6
2
1
i
0
2
3
4
13
7
8
3
2
1
4
2
1
16
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
40
47
; 48
49
216
104
95
1
192
144
80
5
1
3
3
8
4
232
195
89
1,028
724
360
43
3
15
sa
109
43
334
1
1
4
155
170
101
69
14
1
0
1
2
59
18
5
71
5
1
26
90
1
1
4
9
32
13
3
o
1
8
8
7
17
11
1
72
1
25
0
3
19
4
11
9
1
8
3
3
1
37
44
1
05
53
1
33
4
4
0
8
i
0
1
i
5,306
161
2, Oil
146
3,820
125 ! 5,393 95
5,151 48 2, 7c'6
37 :j5. 07:) c:2
230
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXVI.— DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO— Continued.
YKAIi
18<>2.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
OUDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
64 I ^ f f C i 'un tiva
" ° a .^
' & .
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
• ^
.
ORDEK IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
82. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma . . ...
84. Acute Bronchitis
85. Chronic Bronchitis
86. Dropsy of Chest .
87. Haemorrhage from Nose
88. Inflammation of Larynx
89. Inflammation of Lungs
90. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Haamorrhage from Lungs ... .
92. Other Diseases of this Order
OUDEE VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
94. Constipation
93. Cholera Jlorbus .
1)'). Cirrhosis of Liver
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
98. Dyspepsia
91). Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
101. Fistula in Ano
102. Hernia
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
231
TABLE XXXVI.— DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO— Continued.
18(>^.
1803.
DECEMHEK.
JANUARY.
FEIiUfAUY.
MAUCII.
Al'itn..
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
30, 549.
22, 197.
30, 682.
45, 956. 41, 335.
26/601.
32, 886.
50
51
52
53
54
55
5G
57
58
59
GO
61
62
63
64
65
66
C7
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
C.-ises.
Deaths.
5,306
1
14
252
161
2,611
4
9
56
2
146
2
3,826
1
10
79
2
8
1
1
5
74
3
125
1
5,393
3
95
1
5,151
2
8
90
48
1
2,786
37
25, 073
11
59
646
11
20
7
20
47
550
13
5
28
14
18
560
6
9
42
204
612
5
(i
71
1
1
98
1
5
3
10
11
144
4
1
4
1
7
6
130
1
4
0
1
1
6
85
4
o
o
2
1
o
3
3
2
o
1
1
15
6
4
1
1
16
69
3
3
48
o
1
3
3
1
120
4
7
;
82
12
4
1
110
3
1
4
1
4
2
3
13
58
2
45
145
2
1
15
0
3
o
3
17
20
9
3
13
2
o
2
10
2
1
12
4
33
4
2
9
1
90
10
4
19
°7
24
7
6
0
34
18
80
1
1
3
4
4
6
3
63
56
„
5
1
2
3
1
1
8
2
6
o
1
1
2
1
3
1
14
14
1
17
367
33
2
3
1
1
5
1
1
1
2
3
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
6
6
7
127
20
1
7
5
9
16
1
9
228
43
23
9
1
11
152
i-t>
7
6
2
9
58
1,186
173
4
24
2
9
253
44
5
59
8
2
1
12
32
22
3
1
1
o
1
1
4
8
2
8
61
272
47
9
273
91
174
oo
1
16
163
14
4
156
33
1
65
180
92
53
303
53
7
6
201
55
9
6
30
117
44
9
6
33
1
1
38
1
13
3
190
965
274
87
1,117
410
597
141
5
33
8
4
1
8
83
50
6
1
1
7
270
03
97
101
121
33
18
39
1
27
7
1
1°
1
102
4
1
8
32
116
27
o
1
1
57
48
1
1
1
37
8
51
3
72
1
13
25
230
2
7
49
7
1
"7
11
4
36
20
4
36
5
41
1
1
16
1
205
5
1
2
7, 373
260
3,524
212
5, 398
179
7,241
146 6, 455
73
3,403
46
33, 3!>4 916
232
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXVI.— DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO— Concluded.
YEAH
JIOXTII
ME AX STRENGTH.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Brought forward
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
104. Haemorrhage from Bowels
103. Inflammation of Tonsils
100. Inflammation of Stomach
107. Inflammation of Bowels
103. Inflammation of Peritonaeum
10:>. Acute Inflammation of Liver
110. Chronic Inflammation of Liver
111. Jaundice
lie. Piles
113. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
Cases.
114. Stone and Gravel
115. Diabetes
110. Bright's Disease
117. Diseases of Prostate -
118. Diseases of Testis
11!). Inflammation of Kidneys
120. Inflammation of Bladder
121. Incontinence of Urine
122. Ilydrocele
123. Other Diseases of this Order.
i >A
L25.
i - .
i .•:.
i .-•
129.
, I I.
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
Anchylosis
Caries
Inflammation of Joints
Inflammation of Bones
Inflammation of Periosteum
Necrosis
Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
L31.
L33
L33
L34.
L33.
Abscess
Boils
Carbuncle
Whitlow
Skin Diseases.
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Bums
137. Contusions
133. Concussion of Brain
130. Drowning
140. Sprains -•
141. Dislocation
14.2. Simple Fractures
143. Compound Fractures
144. Guns'.iot Wounds
145. Incised Wounds
140. Lacerated Wounds
147. Punctured Wounds
143. Poisoning
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
150. ORDER II.— Homicide ...
Deaths.
SEPTEMBER.
Cases. Deaths.
OCTOBER.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. -Deaths.
151. ORDER III.— Suicide.
152. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence.
Total.
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1803.
233
TABLE XXXVI.— DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO— Concluded.
1803.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
30, 549.
22, 197.
30, 682.
45, 956.
41, 335.
26, 601.
32, 880.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
104
105
106
107
108
109
no
111
112
113
114
115
110
117
118
119
120
121
123
124
125
120
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
130
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
14G
147
148
149
150
151
152
7,373
5
162
18
13
1
14
14
310
70
10
10
10
260
3,524
212
5,398
o
179
7, 241
146
6,455
3
59
14
73
3,403
2
19
4
2
46
33, 394
17
590
76
31
11
98
55
748
361
77
27
14
9
4
18
73
"9
910
1
1
o
80
3
109
13
161
24
5
1
0
1
1
1
11
6
10
2
145
52
5
2
2
3
1
c,
3
7
8
144
42
43
10
88
81
40
4
1
3
10
43
82
2
3
11
18
34
8
4
1
1
14
5
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
3
14
1
1
1
2
0
1
8
13
3
12
15
3
6
2
1
13
4
3
2
5
5
6
3
3
1
1
1
7
8
1
2
-
3
2
25
11
8
11
2
32
3
1
1
3
o
2
1
6
3
9
9
5
0
2
1
2
29
2
3
4
57
6
7
7
250
o
1
1
70
91
33
69
9
5
27
8
24
13
14
4
3
5
11
12
48
30
3
19
7
4
36
1
28
1
9
17
11
24
74
5
i r»
312
10
11
19
9
67
2
32
62
107
50
225
4
1 •*>
7
62
1
1
1
2
1
1
o
0
40
18
1
1
1
8
°9
61
6
18
4
f~J
16
19
8
o
70
36
2
3
0
65
10
4
3
262
1
3
1
28
8
4
7
9
49
14
11
11
C
4
17
38
11
186
00
49
23
9
4
1
11
7
4
1
o
1
4
o
3:3
1
9
4
5
1
8
7
1
2
1
3
I
4
1
7
11
5
o
o
1
1
1
1
!
8,316
275
3,967
218
5, 999
190
8,181
161
7,190
87
3,817
58
37, 470
r-s!<
30
234
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXVII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAE
1869.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
64, SCO.
58, COS.
63, 112.
102, 901.
90, C47.
LIST OP DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Oases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
331
225
CO
2
5
299
5
355
31
200
13
437
21
40
041
5
290
135
1
5
' yrno1 e%
3. Typho-Malarial Fever
2
100
1
299
5
935
708
G7G
77
52
2,781
789
3(59
65
07
7
713
059
C07
10
12
2, 700
697
244
47
50
5
9C3
1, 493
2
1,020
2,867
2,077
3
1
1, 520
2,450
1, 567
J74
C5
6,321
1,198
1,218
131
115
1
751
1
14
444
1,895
13
1
4
emitten e e
895
231
213
8
4
15
1
5
7
31
5,134
050
735
GO
Cl
1
4
0
1
o
2
68
7,119
1,876
151
79
4
8
3
11
2
17
0
17
8
7
1
. '
2
5
1
1
7
285
1
13
1
185
733
490
220
o
1
1C7
o
541
Co
149
36
6
47
8
G27
80
109
32
81
41
C78
148
260
V ^ . „
18
13
4
5
380
223
3
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
JP
455
401
C9
17
11
31
7
47
13
10
.
o
2
1
15
11
10
1
7
20
OKDEU III.— Dictic Diseases.
29 Scurvy
56
30
9
12
2
o
5
4
8
1
2
11
2
1
9
1
8
0
34
0
784
883
125
69
7
3
51
34 Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.
33 Gout
1
288
24
30. Acute Rheumatism
142
331
317
20
603
G13
37. Chronic Rheumatism
303
10
Cl
243
38. Anaemia
14
44
59
91
1
39. General Dropsy
1
1
43
40. Cancer
41. Tumors
7
20
3
14
37
15
4
17
43
7
8
01
48
10
42. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
44
1C
G
0
3
109
21
0
1
44. fjLTofula
45. Other Diseases of this Order .
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
40. Itch . . .
19
1
13
47. Tape- worm
48. Other Intestinal Worms
8
6
3
15
49. Other Diseases of this Order
1
Carried forward
1
8,892
123
7,964
73
12, 685
31
21, »'.S4
99
22, 099 238
DUKING THE YEAK ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
235
TABLE XXXVII.
of the Department of tlie Cumberland.
1862.
1803.
DECEMBEK.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
107, 047.
90, 543.
103, 298.
102, 453.
104, 885.
105, 740.
99, 439.
91, 349.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
3
4
5
G
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
23
24
26
27
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
30
37
38
3!)
40
41
42
43
44
45
40
47
48
49
605
4
225
164
1
2
390
7
93
73
554
10
213
101
8
6
449
1]
211
79
4
8
382
12
170
84
4
8
300
12
378
55
7
2
151
o
82
10
4,745
101
2,507
851
27
49
5
1,290
1,948
1,148
144
58
5,697
829
981
108
161
4
888
4
35
594
1, 985
400
201
358
50
12
12
8
1
1,074
1,219
793
177
74
5,141
1,088
847
194
81
3
208
9
1
1,286
1, 107
956
247
66
5,323
1,027
1,029
125
142
9
173
3
77
429
856
251
158
213
7
2
1
15
43
3
4
23
1
13
1
1
1
1,295
1,334
1,156
130
79
6,008
1,344
895
149
129
9
141
1
50
483
879
107
158
230
6
i
i
6
1,477
1,603
1,163
86
5,714
1,132
8C4
95
115
28
48
10
1,987
2 068
5
1, 316 2
1 573
15,482
19, 095
13, 618
1,918
720
66, 958
11, 003
12, 974
1, 330
1,228
68
2,546
301
3,089
8,090
4,121
1,911
3, 069
506
84
229
5
78
1,154
119
65
149
34
158
43
6,241
6, 729
1,252
551
11
80
207
885
312
4
848
15
150
2
77
6
6
o
95
45
247
35
94
4
109
2
10
2
1
60
1
1,399
190
94
7,800
1,250
1,604
111
123
7
33
2
42
132
293
218
202
1 181 -
102
35
7,154
831
2,312
94
105
6
3
14
6
37
6
12
32
11
35
2
5
11
9
6
<Wl>
5
10
21
4
1
2
3
1
6
8
36
6
3
10
1
7
1
1
9
2
1
4
65
8
27
25°
3
43
243
2
12
32
751
169
148
207
528
135
172
1
119
59
141
183
29
4
33
4
5
4
4
212
286
49
5
52
41
o
37
11
28
34
4
35
45
1
27
15
1
10
107
1
1
2
1
3
4
639
735
146
34
1
7
303
19
4
14
o
2
4
8
2
7
5
23
1
487
684
134
43
1
3
21
89
43
20
12
1
110
6
o
14
6
8
36
8
15
4
923
912
126
61
163
18
5
10
1
324
60
10
17
-
52
1
3
1
1
7
1
1
1
6
3
4
o
1
19
1
1
572
785
178
42
2
3
3
3
1
1
9
1
o
1
3
598
590
159
30
1
12
3
511
371
159
19
303
288
110
14
1
15
9
5
19
8
1
1
1
1
3
37
88
25
1
53
6
24
103
28
12
4
2
84
35
2
17
1
118
42
8
91
50
1
31
14
1
104
1
5
2
92
1
9
14
21
7
4
3
o
158
o
126
1
14
JOO
141
5
11
1
122
3
°7
12
10
1
20, 139
l_
372
14, 731
190
16, 376
258
17, 442
203
K>, 697
176
20,150
120
16, 653
39 i
195, 512 1, 922
1
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXVII.— DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND— Continued.
18G^.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
64, 8GO.
58, 663.
63, 112.
102, 901.
92, (
Cases.
547.
LIST OP DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Deaths.
8,892
4
15
151
123
4
1
7,964
1
16
148
7
1
73
12, 685
4
20
31
1
21, 684
5
35
92
99
4
22, 099
5
36
268
238
4
1
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
127
52. Headache
8
3
1
1
5
11
6
o
10
9
2
67 ,
OT1
395
18
1
21
7
3
366
3
4
25
3
1
3
9
16
21
7
1C3
9
29
31
3
3
144
1
2
11
151
7
183
5
17
36
1
2
169
1
27
1
270
9
17
23
1
2
149
1
19
5
25
6
2
381
1
o
1
o
1
a
ORDER ll.— Diseases of Eye.
9
3
26
15
14
~ & .
10
50
fyy
30
C6
19
2
16
3
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
Gfi
18
18
28
4
1
3
96
26
7
29
6
31
4
42
4
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
1
3
1
1
7
2
1
2
5
1
1
19
37
19
494
52
3
C
17
103
68
6
6
249
17°
5
o
3
1
8
1
1
57
68
9
54
1
1
1
6
30
3
8
468
32
1
29
45
87
15
92
°9
82. Other Diseases of this Order
6
2
1
2
2
31
452
31
2
7
25
4
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma „
384
81
8C'4
85. Chronic Bronchitis
1
117
44
9
o
86. Dropsy of Chest
87. Haemorrhage from Noso
12
88. Inflammation of Larynx
8
94
47
12
26
264
231
42
110
599
206
89. Inflammation of Lungs
34
4
141
37
21
257
124
1C
49
90. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Hasmorrhafre from Lungs
35
35
512
548
92. Other Diseases of this Order .
1
1
45
497
509
1
207
664
472
o
1
1
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
94. Constipation
95. Cholera Morbus
209
2
212
1
210
270
1
5
134
1
167
6
17
187
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
15
15
5
98. Dyspepsia
92
73
100
99. Diseases of Pancreas „. . .
100. Diseases of Spleen
4
7
70
1
14
9
14
10
177
6
35
101. Fistula in Ano
6
72
17
185
4
102. Hernia
112
103. Hemorrhage from Stomach
3
8
Carried forward
11, 268
156
10,216
89
15, 704
34
25, 8:)!)
]27
27, 634
312
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
237
TABLE XXXVII.— DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND— Continued.
1862.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
107, 047.
90, 543.
103, 298.
102, 453.
104, 885.
105, 740.
99, 439.
91,349.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
CO
01
C2
03
G4
05
06
07
08
09
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
DC
91
92
93
94
95
90
97
98
99
:oo
101
102
103
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
170
3
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
20, 139
11
30
401
9
10
5
38
29
388
20
rl'7f>
5
1
14, 731
3
25
°99
190
4
1
16, 370
4
42
401
5
10
4
22
39
370
14
258
4
1
17, 442
3
O"?
393
9
12
7
7
52
397
15
203
2
10, 697
2
40
423
20,150
5
50
420
120
2
2
10, 053
27
39
]
1
195, 512
49
369
3, 495
1,922
34
8
15
7
2
27
•
7
0
o
6
3
112
79
38
339
3,602
1G8
97
434
73
81
3,837
54
102
159
1,114
259
105
413
29
10
150
25
20
87
22
8
420
501
149
476
7,684
1,473
70
144
1,298
4,174
1,853
321
2, 302
4, 985
5,102
1,839
29
2x'4
1, 857
1
150
10G
1, 315
1
44
13
1
2
6
3
4
2
10
1
1
1
9
4
8
1
5
1
1
2
11
54
12
58
10
276
278
343
24
3
28
6
43
365
8
oo
382
30
1
3
23
11
17
11
3
542
12
8
1
9
12
119
7
1
457
3
34
1C
81
8
2
18
8
4
3G9
4
1
7
103
30
10
52
3
1
21
o
38
11
1
318
11
3
17
151
1
57
10
3
350
11
"„
140
25
1
1
14
007
6
4
8
128
4
28
10
104
26
8
37
4
5
35
7
1
7
1
39
41
39
07
790
205
0
7
97
20
4
22
14
10
40
4
31
9
49
4
1
26
25
48
1
2
34
9
0
3
2
1
56
53
9
41
820
19
1
1
1
5
1
1
7
1
2
19
3
1
12
3
1
7
I
1
13
o
20
3
2
4
1
9
2
1
11
1
1
31
11
10
17
2G1
1
7
8
7
2
10
3
2
22
38
11
43
1,110
140
4
40
71
756
240
38
543
527
549
130
1
19
108
1
1
2
1
1
1
10
1
1
1
38
33
12
44
041
163
1
18
105
389
A.** I)
44
252
404
34°
44
30
3
3°
40
38
11
25
3
2
1
o
19
4
12
4
o
3
1
4
999
178
3
9
102
4C3
236
4
1
429
125
78
2
7
110
109
102
10
Cl
385
421
6
13
230
509
206
39
335
356
447
107
3
1
13
144
245
172
07
119
422
562
1
1
78
1
1
30
1
42
208
509
189
32
149
330
471
37
o
27
J95
1
£8
o
3
1
1
10
5
424
G
0
14
1
9
01
1
20
2
1
2
1
1
14
337
375
1
o
1
~
37 j
1
71
2
71
0
1
185
11
10
OQO
3
164
1
18
154
1
1
22
"04
39
180
o
3
109
1*
21
129
10
5
"4
o
12
9
14
120
1
17
(1G
18
68
8
40
1
91
no
1
3
5
o
20, 359
479
19, 153
245
21, 079
329
23,009
301
21 822
290
24, 828
169
20, 181
59
247, 752
2, 500
238
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXVII.— DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND— Concluded.
yjj ^[j
1863.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
MEAN STEENC.TII
64, 860.
58, C63.
63, 112.
102, 901.
92, 647.
LIST OP DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
11, 268
156
10, 216
89
15, 764
34
25, 839
127
27, 634
5
236
312
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
68
20
13
1
41
20
232
101
60
1
2
52
70
47
24
2
113
126
105. luflammation of Tonsils
15
15
43
18
20'1
1
1
'I
66
26
4
47
1^
69
36
18
63
1
1
1
1
19
92
249
421
1
900
333
98
11
12
1
90
62
1
3
217
2
45
83
5
4
ORDER VIL— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
7
1
11
25
3
*
23
17
11
23
6
5
2
40
33
26
43
1
3
7
29
1
7
10
53
3
1
5
3
1
o
1°
l-~o "C°ntln(jnCe °
4
51
13
~~' J o ,
1
38
3
0
20
OUDEK VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
10^ • ^
.
1
2
mmaMon of Bones
.
8
9
24
2
5
208
54
49
12
2
2
174
110
50
8
2
1
1
251
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
153
117
56
256
132 Boils
200
168
61
43
59
42
117
5
46
04
134 Whitlow
23
85
19
42
135. Skiu Diseases
101
26
99
20
79
56
114
3
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136 Burns
2
59
6
1
1
69
G
1
133. Drowning
140 Sprains
36
8
11
14
13
9
34
5
20
151
112
141. Dislocation
12
9
20
29
1
143. Compound Fractures
4
734
47
65
26
8
55
144. Gunshot Wounds
145
27
43
8
4
18
12
77
34
35
4
27
20
10
73
°7
6
254
109
41
71
12
43
112
145. Incised Wounds
14G. Lacerated Wounds
1
31
20
4
28
1
2
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
147. Punctured Wounds
148. Poisoning
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
1
1
1
150. ORDER II. — Homicide
151. ORDER III.— Suicide
1
1 152. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence
Total
12, 718
174
11, 562
106
17, 272
43
28,936
392
30, 883
439
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
239
TABLE XXXVII.— DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND— Concluded.
1869.
18G3.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FE13UUAUY.
MAKCII.
APRIL.
MAT.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
107, 647.
90, 543.
103, 298.
102,453.
104, 885.
105, 740.
99, 439.
91, 349.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths -
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
104
105
10G
107
108
109
110
111
U2
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
12G
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
14G
147
148
149
150
151
152
2G, 359
11
382
73
24
18
125
930
308
5(J
25
4
2
0
19
77
31
30
11
22
4
479
1
1
1
1
1
19,153
22
206
47
49
15
71
G7
442
251
58
21
245
21, 679
32
308
55
43
6
81
63
340
296
329
1
23, 009
18
2G4
301
21, 822
14
207
29G
1
24, 828
4
237
169
20,181
10
118
31
20
C
38
43
159
59
247, 752
116
2 274
561
384
83
786
568
4,055
3,110
793
142
90
56
24
99
549
184
148
92
288
33
13
184
11
69
60
67
2,040
2,015
2,596
3
1
20
24
8
5
1
C
1
1
1
1
2
GO
54
8
71
86
195
270
102
25
8
3
2
44
3
53
42
177
270
71
14
6
13
2
10
61
9
18
4
5
2
3
19
3
14
7
14
95
1
3
34
55
3
4
3
2
1
40
GO
111
293
51
11
5
8
1
o
3
1
8
2GO
21
12
4
1
.80
16
14
9
1
11
94
10
14
11
17
2
1
25
1
7
6
1
120
147
17
34
3
1
1
1
13
2
1
21
14
7
10
63
35
1
10
0
2
7
1
15
«
3
30
6
9
4
9
4
3
19
7
10
5
4
3
1
20
o
G6
17
00
3
4
1
1
18
12
3
o
9
17
3
1
20
1
2G
21
2
12
5
3
116
191
19
40
35
44
109
2
3
8
5
211
150
oo
22
52
39
141
4
5
o
13
7
1
167
279
SO
56
43
29
6
0
1
"•
8
103
14G
12
1
156
2
2
199
34
49
54
27
138
2
254
14
40
71
23
108
7
410
396
783
411
1,226
41
31
30
47
104
4
75
39
87
1
2
3
6
11
1
1
138
1
1
1
7
2
2
0
101
9
G3
14
3, 020
45
287
23
89
63
132
127
196
6
15
1
78
6'T
25
156
5
1,211
11
12
4
13
4
147
35
22
12
12
96
250
41
7,114
400
723
174
62
540
1
39
9
2, 132
1
9
5
144
53
10
2
3
12
953
1
44
7
2
34
3
13
3,785
9
126
0
56
33
22
8
1
2G
2
12
1
353
12
5
1
399
26
11
*-O
26
2
77
1C
3
18
10
1
24
19
o
15
4
A.0
1
1
3
1
2
2
28
237 16
3
1
24
-'
o
1
15
3
2
1
o
„
1
1
33, 103
893
23, 482
410
23, 983
3G5
25,358 334
23, 949
333
27, 021
194
22,317
102
280, 584
240
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXVIII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
1862.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
80, C47.
70, 997.
82, 972.
Ill, 891.
136. 503.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS |. -ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Miasmatic Diseases.
364
8
448
184
5
12
216
2
• 249
79
207
8
204
59
4
o
354
53
4
6
404
9
232
78
3
7
4
377
1,927
1,406
1,258
313
68
5,146
1,252
782
11!)
79
]8
21
28
1
2
1,725
1,882
1,110
190
16
5
1,702
2,874
2,540
326
18
1,669
3,958
2,969
20
4
1,643
3,236
3,104
336
107
5,536
1,038
1,662
304
122
12
1, 395
1
25
578
1,832
704
191
451
17
3
1
o
25
13
60
24
30
4
1
19
1
1
1
8. Quartan Intermittent Fever
9. Congestive Intermittent Fever
24
103
16
5
3
4
63
3,303
731
868
163
75
14
6
16
10
76
29
22
1
4
158
4,302
877
2,039
240
64
10
51
43
25
«1
62
43
1
129
4,897
953
2,366
437
70
8
250
35
24
57
40
32
1
5
!
5
185
947
660
92
292
38
8
1
1
1
53
1
2
44
14
1
643
86
193
39
29
653
155
244
35
2
3
39
1,001
55
166
26
33
13
48
1
10
1
ORDER Il.—Snthetic Diseases.
18
4
67
6
8
6
1
o
1
0
OUDEU III. — Dictic Diseases.
256
1
94
55
2
48
1
13
7
•u D r '
7
13
3
16
23
13
1
6
14
' L
1
' 1'
2
o
CLASS 11.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
7
366
514
63
119
3
453
439
2
o
3
o
264
199
52
73
1
329
308
47
64
1
10
47
62
18
1
716
706
3
' *
1
1
76
61
8
134
70
1
9
3
4
28
40
59
34
1
27
66
20
1
7
°1
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
10
o
1
93
14
14
124
18
9
3
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
45 itch
15
07
1
8
48 Other Intestinal Worms
3
1
32
4'J Other Diseases of this Order
399
355
16, 014
475
32, 396
286
17, 715
22,229
24, !)15
318
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
241
TABLE XXXVIII.
of the Department of the Tennessee.
1869.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
133, 119.
143, 942.
141, 158.
146, 790.
143, 367.
140, 277.
152, 954.
123, 718.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
i
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
416
19
278
77
13
653
22
409
181
2
666
21
493
228
6
59
716
58
371
159
12
35
405
5
358
104
3
46
219
9
199
50
4
27
217
13
407
82
3
27
4,837
174
4,025
1,334
59
248
1,405
2,386
2,020
158
79
6,224
1,146
1, 241
147
177
CO
1,217
16
1,891
2,367
1,820
487
97
10, 788
2,352
1,615
254
314
221
1,189
1C
1
2
1,715
2,260
1,982
222
102
7,699
1,820
1,516
266
198
230
556
1
69
459
1,703
513
157
293
50
14
15
43
2
6
3
30
67
140
32
25
35
75
1
5
1
2
68
1,919
2,639
2,050
281
106
7,615
1 822
1,327
196
235
281
153
2
81
273
1,174
382
204
381
50
20
16
9
1, 736
2,301
1,991
224
179
6,963
1,386
1, 394
114
223
212
67
8
31
29
2
1,565
1,930
1,717
204
60
5,972
951
2.204
164
170
57
12
7
1
3,266
5,491
3,658
404
162
10, 220
1, 645
2,483
241
196
34
23
39
6
4
22,163
32, 730
26, 219
3,427
1,310
78,665
15, 973
19, 497
2,645
3,923
1,157
4, 940
12
308
3,794
10, 759
6,353
1,658
3,629
536
110
331
9
GO
1,607
57
148
158
21
61
6,522
6,032
2,009
720
2G5
34
17
9
352
254
1,181
342
275
104
126
257
3
17
4
7
238
3
1
o
25
7
147
23
14
11
19
20
2
18
2
145
22
28
15
4
40
8
36
5
19
7 !
44
26
43
51
29
14
24
19
93
22
8
136
19
13
14
24
48
15
139
41
34
3
7
1
1
1
17
1,144
2,085
535
161
371
87
10
7
o
44
639
1,770
795
178
393
54
6
38
4
1
1
5
17
154
186
70
87
233
25
1
19
40
240
2
1
5
1
792
251
148
, 310
13
3
1
146
144
302
1
52
18
66
34
9
95
2
12
1
7
50
2
6
67
6
12
9
6
22
51
1
50
1
4
13
4
32
4
18
12
2
6
0
4
221
8
16
14
2
1
28
319
27
25
11
4
6
4
739
667
425
111
293
8
11
15
2
2
1
525
425
209
36
3
1
1
6
3
1
1
9
1
119
2
7
27
5
1
23
5
9
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
oo
3
798
696
15G
39
3
11
52
103
27
0
161
1
12
o
1
378
247
283
30
1
896
850
216
49
4
10
67
129
32
751
717
155
GO
7
2
3
1
o
1
3
307
264
U'3
8
18
6
27
11
1
1
1
1
3
1
6
2
3
11
45
141
45
3
127
12
35
212
99
7
o-jg
16
25
3
9
62
19
3
134
1
8
10
10
99
32
1
157
133
403
1,294
407
24
1,129
1
14
1
11
30
13
197
8
r
n
30
144
49
6
141
0
31
1
23
1
16
4
o
129
4
14
5
19
110
15
10
5
13
fi
10
19
4
911
23,523
300
30, 875
554
25, 361
25,382
556
21, 381
473
17, 405
356
30 961
475
268, rJl
5, <53
31
242
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXVIII.— DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE— Continued
YKAU -
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
80, 647.
70, 997.
82, 972.
Ill, 891.
136, 503.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
16, 014
11
37
1C7
32
475
5
4
12, 396
1
22
69
286
17, 715
5
27
80
16
399
2
4
22 229
4
39
123
355
o
24, 915
6
56
148
15
8
o
73
318
6
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
1
10
4
3
37
18
246
54 Inflammition of Brain
4
4
4
4
2
5
1
1
5
2
45
2fiO
59
196
23
22
203
349
17
1
37
9
5
621
5
7
26
1
f,O
49
48
7
5
356
4
36.
7
102
59
3
36
5
5
o
2
2
12
21
39
\
3
359
8
6
13
57
49
6
40
7
3
11
10
42
10
6
428
11
8
17
59
37
5
oo
11
13
4
1
525
4
3
29
76
26
2
31
1
1
2
5
6
1
3
61 Other Diseases of this Order
2
OUDEII II. — Diseases of Eye.
63 Cataract
OKDEK III. — Diseases of Ear.
68 Earache
102
32
70 Deafness
5
38
2
1
1
2
20
3
72 Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
76. Dropsy of Pericardium
4
10
1
17
67
18
31
633
64
1
5
8
3
o
4
1
6
1
2
4
3
1
49
53
3
1
1
15
51
80. Varicoso Veins
14
47
14
51
480
31
3
7
7
74
43
13
28
59
82. Other Diseases of this Order
1
35
483
41
4
11
41
384
60
1
15
5°
1
OUDEU V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma
84. Acute Bronchitis
1
1
1
1 229
142
2
16
64
705
183
41
3C8
3°7
3
2
85. Chronic Bronchitis
8<i. Dropsy of Chest
87. Haemorrhage from Noso
14
6
88
75
15
8
32
231
118
22
20
419
88. Inflammation of Larynx
12
1
9
4
9
1
77
1
1
2
8'.). Inflammation of Lungs
147
105
23
33
1
6
1
90. Inflammation of Pleura .
91. Haomorrhape from Lunps
\
2
92. Other Diseases of this Order
21
473
628
335
12
276
403
214
1
16
302
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
1
94. Constipation
343
188
415 '
510
95. Cholera Morbus
6
3
4
107
1
119
1
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease .
oo
14
118
1
10
102
9
147
05
98. Dyspppsia
209
1
°04
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Disease* of Spleen .
39
19
T°
30
39
1"
100
00
101. Fistula in Ano
12
13
102. Hernia
149
13
117
o
130
5
1
159
179
4
1
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
20, 370
543
15, 360
303
20, 713
427
25, 793
395
30, 8(52
431
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G3.
243
TABLE XXXVIII.— DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE— Continued.
1802.
1863.
DECEHREK.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
Al'RIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
133, 119.
143, 942.
141, 158.
146, 790.
143, 367.
140, 277.
152,954.
123, 718.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
G5
66
67
68
69
70
71
70
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
23, 523
11
45
276
10
7
9
42
78
415
16
300
5
30, 875
10
45
216
24
11
8
53
88
450
554
5
1
25, 361
14
50
179
911
10
5
25,392
17
53
224
556
14
1
21,381
11
43
251
473
5
3
17, 405
5
22
206
3
5
3
8
35
280
4
98
10
6
3
601
8
26
356
2
30, 961
9
30
, 450
475
6
268, 157
104
469
2,389
184
99
71
348
595
3,986
221
260
470
97
48
6,624
173
278
1,032
436
107
490
42
31
87
30
24
99
46
38
398
601
185
529
8,014
1,642
29
139
776
5,775
1,939
3H5
1,816
4,274
6,680
J.897
12
379
2,216
8
394
166
1,731
101
5,458
62
19
1
4
3 ;
1
1
18
12
18
44
85
398
1
13
10
29
22
10
57
48
460
29
1
6
3
10
17
1
21
12
3
70
38
8
o
1
12
14
23
10
8
1
1
6
3
3
9
7
13
66
353
9
3
1
376
19
13
16
13
7
675
1
32
4
2
2
1
10
57
18
8
8
656
6
39
25
62
1
3
1
2
34
6
1
71
14
3
526
6
4
44
102
2
81
8
3
541
7
7
36
109
48
15
2
61
8
4
726
4
610
13
1
19
93
52
4
79
5
1
9
14
13
29
6
23
11
55
18
10
17
1
94
25
20
121
29
16
29
1
o
11
10
9
7
4
65
43
15
31
709
154
4
14
84
492
182
39
123
257
634
85
o
45
16
66
4
2
4
4
4
14
4
7
49
63
13
68
1,174
353
4
8
65
812
237
78
356
396
637
125
4
33
208
16
5
21
56
5
4
14
9
3
17
1
4
35
59
17
50
1,116
295
57
5
7
18
1
10
2
12
3
3
19
3
5
5
3
1
1
1
4
1
1
2
1
2
3
12
5
4
2
9
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
2
1
1
3
8
4
8
6
6
00
2
1
2
22
56
39
40
1,021
79
1
11
66
808
264
25
182
444
556
102
35
44
17
73
945
261
9
14
82
847
260
39
250
330
701
90
40
"9
30
15
20
382
78
2
14
84
239
113
31
58
270
1
1
5
o
13
13
1
1
5
8
30
1
18
3
34
50
5
3 i
4 ,
5
5
4
5
2
o
4
358
84
3
18
48
179
117
26
66
437
1
11
3
226
1,153
242
43
404
343
582
83
4
46
235
1
107
1
133
6
1
1
7
186
9
3
7
1
1
4
102
o
1
1
1
53
1
o
2
20
760
— 1
11
20
o
1
24
29
16
1
2
1
i
i
1
507
184
764
265
2
1
1
i
4
34
167
1
23
13
158
5
1
1
1
70
229
6
24
15
1
46
184
3
26
208
4
46
205
11
1
15
6
86
31
14
223
5
33
18
168
18
1
20
15
1
1
2
10
130
9
1
19
150
82
o
31
6
572
29, 493
440
37, 695
740
32, 352
1, 219
31, 971
729
26, 506
21, 279
412
35, 729
539
328, 116 6, 75l)
244
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXVIII.— DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE— Concluded.
YEAR
180:2.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
80, C47.
70, 997.
82, 972.
Ill, 891.
136, 503.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
20, 370
543
15, 3CO
303
2
20, 713
427
25, 793
0
395
30, 862
8
277
74
6
70
82
431
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
104. Hffimorr age ro
G4
73
39
10
75
72
532
230
147
1
5
o
4
4
43
34
7
70
39
234
179
172
68
35
11
4
94
166
59
19
9
8G
312
284
225
3
6
1
3
1
o
10j /V"1 f St eh
1
o
g
3
3
1
5
1 , ' " amTafl. t- f T • .,
10n' ClCUt6' "l 'tl" mmation of I iver
2
2
1
1
1
73
214
244
1
1
111 T T°'A\
702
2
1
280
GO
1
1G7
3
7
ORDER VII. — Diseases qf Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
1
0
19
' r ^ t 1>
1
1
42
1
8
49
17
5
7
41
f]
]
5
11 . iseas •
36
14
25
8
40
o
36
8
4
G
44
1
43
1
1
1
9
0
7
1
15
45
120. n amma ion o
~ ' °°^n *jeC
8
27
4
~~ n^ iv f tl ' O 1
OKDEE VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
2
1
5
5
1
*• " f B
~ ' n amlr .
1
7
1
321
107
27
0
~ ' j? * f
9
4
2G8
113
41
33
1G2
21
8
10
8
1
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
2
209
94
1
207
75
1
1
226
117
36
44
103
33
13° Boils '
47
30
133
23
28
81
20
108
12
149
39
74
3
CLASS V. —WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
130 Burns
20
82
1
83
5
^57
3
1
1
3
138. Concussion of Brain
1
133. Drowning
140 Sprains
39
13
30
°3
25
53
18
101
35
141. Dislocation
G
22
11
18
142. Simple Fractures . .
32
1
159
57
C7
29
14
31
2
143. Compound Fractures
1
2,037
CO
433
62
9
51
144. Gunshot "Wounds
nr
57
G2
13
90
51
91
28
45
42
14
773
50
C9
15
13
51
40
o
258
49
127
24
35
145. Incised Wounds
14G. Lacerated Wounds
1
3
147. Punctured Wounds
10
24
81
148. Poisoning
1
5
1
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
5
11
16
150. ORDER II. — Homicide
151. OUDER 111.— Suicide
1
o
152. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence.
Total
30, 619
22, 919
585
17, 250
334
23,358
491
883
33, 870
491
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
245
TABLE XXXVIII.— DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE— Concluded.
18G^.
1803.
DECEMUEU.
JAM: AU Y.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH. APRIL.
MAY.
JL'XE.
TOTAL.
133, 119.
143, 942.
141, 158.
146, 790.
143, 3C7.
140, 277.
152, 954.
123, 718.
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
29, 493
5
311
88
47
29
56
76
543
310
71
16
7
10
4
8
80
13
5
10
52
7
1
9
440
37, 695
/-3
341
90
56
6
110
101
440
432
95
23
11
7
o
740
1
32, 352
16
376
76
68
10
70
99
446
421
1,219
3
31, 971
29
325
100
66
6
95
86
644
459
173
2°
729
2
1
4
2
26, 506
35
270
112
100
14
71
94
402
362
106
15
572
1
21 272
12
148
71
72
9
52
57
412
35, 729
37
119
121
92
15
85
53
176
384
58
13
7
13
1
13
86
16
oo
539
8
328, 116
167
2,508
933
598
120
920
918
4,824
3, 903
1,530
140
115
83
17
97
774
183
124
91
426
74
14
123
22
55
111
27
2,664
1,838
389
444
1 232
6, 750
17
6
36
66
22
13
9
11
10
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
o
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
4
1
3
9
1
1
4
13
3
4
1
1
5
o
3
1
9
13
4
1
1
0
1
1
1
179
318
133
8
5
10
1
6
63
11
8
1
1
1
1
1
123
2
24
11
15
3
23
16
11
o
17
73
12
19
17
1
1
9
70
29
1°
1
76
23
11
8
56
15
2
1
120
24
17
4
12
1
6
1
1
12
12
9
66
12
3
17
2
1
14
14
1
o
7
0
2
1
10
0
6
1°
19
1
7
7
30
17
16
1
13
1
15
15
8
9
6
187
131
33
1
7
8
1
165
181
1
1
8
3
259
193
29
36
97
35
108
13
15
7
1
178
379
32
C
266
131
22
3
167
191
24
39
89
50
145
5
0
1
211
126
44
45
82
1
1
10
42
25
46
40
4"5
55
91
101
67
148
13
104
34
34
113
3
53
123
8
3
1
1
3
429
1,373
89
7
3
10
24
86
1
7
146
15
2
1
3
10
2
4
3
1
110
39
1
823
80
92
29
16
48
124
81
15
116
14
1°4
137
14
42
13
6,489
72
39
116
113
1,046
16
25
5
10
31
7
32
8
076
82
171
348
34
12, 492
807
1, 087
405
215
630
21
1
218
60
60
18
20
47
o
1
15
2
1
1
3
2?1
1
127
6
6
9! 6
60
148
28
5
64
3
18
1
4
128
70
47
26
31
52
45
847
91
51
00
58
5
1
25
1
5
1
136
77
47
18
11
1
3
32
24
2
1
4
1
2o
146
1
8
1
1
7
25
3
37
1
19
3 :
6
4
1
1
I
33, 282
522
I 41,820
837
35, 506
1, 28<i
35, 376
769
29, 567
628
30, 126 720
39, 043
725 .1 37->,736
8,271
246
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXIX.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
10.027.
13, 203.
18,558.
13, 168.
15, 480.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
De-iths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
49
15
85
11
2
2
100
6
G9
41
4
53
22
70
17
jp o
108
o
27
1
36
1
172
296
126
20
39
1,009
100
71
13
2
205
341
5
346
566
838
fyy
26
1, 432
289
226
43
J2
o
1
1
6
5
10
9
5
o
355
704
1,127
44
35
874
185
171
41
6
13
249
71G
1, 066
45
11
1
6 • * T^
1
500
18
12
962
163
4G
22
o
15
4
3
4
4
5
5
15
1
5
12
1
21
3
13
1
926
254
169
34
6
11
1
41
2
11
1
r
«! JS/ d V '
. ma po
3
1
66
1
12
1
5
40
328
73
65
13
3
0
6
10
297
101
125
.
20
97
134
87
68
21
145
1
251
C6
12
14
J_
6
205
103
87
18
3
10
1
ORDEK 11. — Enthetic Diseases.
22 Syphilis
71
13
o
°4 Orohiti
19
1
o
OUDEU III. — Dietic Diseases.
29 Scurvy
4
42
o
178
24
13
1
4
0
4
1
1
5
1
1
1
13
\
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathctic Diseases.
35. Gout
15
GO
95
8
26
116
155
2
64
74
42
27
59
00
109
13
32
46
9
1
1
1
72
45
2
2
5
34
5
2
1
1
1
3
39. General Dropsy
1
3
10
36
1
2
16
o
1
o
1
3
13
1
42. Other Diseases of this Order
1
4
1
5
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
7
11
2
1
3
44. Scrofula
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch
2
1
1
47. Tape-worm
1
n
n
49. Other Diseases of this Order
2,758
60
3,144
87
5, 158
125
4,286
97 4, 488
120
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18«3.
247
TABLE XXXIX.
of the Department of the Gulf.
1862.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY. FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAT.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
23, 931.
39, 789.
41, 804.
42, 832.
35,501.
30, 928.
29, 108.
26, 199.
l
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
15
1(5
17
18
19
20
23
24
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
4C
47
48
49
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
158
10
307
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
165
36
53
16
8
6
304
8
352
39
3
11
316
9
622
62
2
323
12
623
56
4
23
279
o
381
50
1
]0
55
4
24
99
34
2,001
94
2,852
432
28
106
192
4
236
817
1,142
54
18
1,405
299
385
34
12
7
118
1
28
43
217
302
314
209
15
5
3
3
468
828
850
44
32
4, 465
435
279
63
31
3
77
o
57
137
288
135
269
3
1
609
650
699
1
552
626
6
449
586
10
395
568
19
345
663
1
4, 381
7, 361
9, 873
688
303
31, 332
4,011
2, 681
377
163
10
678
6
299
397
1, 592
86
5
5
1
83
79
299
61
60
10
4
4
35
1
695
89
1
855
105
865
50
13
2,817
561
224
15
14
1,110
65
19
1,830
177
261
21
9
121
4
13
45
3
2
10
8
16
6
4
42
4,376
374
358
26
18
7
4
15
4
4
33
6,304
515
570
43
29
8
11
28
5
2
2
3
12
4,932
659
301
22
24
1
5
15
5
3
3
16
57
14
6
2
1
6
33
5
1
1
1
1
2
178
132
40
56
3
7
7
38
64
267
4
56
56
313
7
42
58
100
131
117
102
6
39 5
°4
27
3
48
122
78
97
6
3
0
47
15
73
70
2
114
210
157
203
1
1
2, 191
1,694
1, 501
47
2
1
296
33
4
7
1
175
34
106
30
6
12
16
0
3
4
8
40
49
6
4
1
31
4
5
6
1
1
18
1
8
0 I
1
28
8
409
12
49
53
18
4
2, 314
2, 129
483
J87
5
15
77
291
94
3
170
10 ;
29
10 ;
19
1
13
31
3
9
1
1
5
2
4
2
5
1
1
1
3
7
8
7
1
1
3
3
1
1
5
8
o
1
6
1°
1
409
365
o
1
126
123
158
36
24
1
459
355
75
487
286
68
243
153
85
3
1
9
10
1
1
118
159
1
3
53
7
17
5
2
1
1
22
18
35
1
18
3
1
4
1
1
4
12
3
o
2
15
37
19
1
20
14
34
15
1
3
1
22
8
3
40
8
39
16
2
43
2
3
1
7
15
5
o
1
29
18
36
3
1
18
1
6
8
13
1
11
1
4
1
8
0
2
0
121
6, 134
10,483 113
10, 339
130
12, 551
163
9, 779 111
6, 912 218
5, 398
90
81,430 1,4:15
248
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXIX.— DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF— Continued
YE \u
MONTH ! J L'LY-
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
10, 027.
13,203.
18, 558.
13, 168.
15, 480.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
2,758
3
5
60
3
3,144
4
4
42
87
5,158
5
70
125
4,286
4
4
97
3
4,488
4 !
6
40
3
120
1
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
1
150
2
3
4
1
1
3
1
1
4
1
1
1
4
36
3
1
3
4
3
0
6
10
3
13
9
o
1
1
49
4
7
6
13
7
38
11
2
54
1
2
1
3 1
5
1
1
29 1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
10
13
3
6
.. 1 21
8
3
15
3
4
3
5
7
1
3
3
2
3
3
4
6
5
4
5
7
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
5
0
2
9
1
6
' ' '
~n i" aj"ma
3
o
71 Of6
6
1
~i TV ' O d
1
ORDER IV.— Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
. .
1
7G Dr°rS> T P » ' a dium
' r°pSJ °.. .
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
. n am nation ° e ^
1
79 Inilamm-itionof Veins
. .
7
14
5
10
12
3
23
6
3
99
8
3
7
5
6
128
24
o
6
4
1
5
37
8
o
•
7
4
7
66
o
1
2
1
OitDEit V.— Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
1
1
.
1
1
5
8
19
3
6
10
31
0
1
5
10
7
1
4
25
4
10
7
12
83
054
7
13
2
1
o
6
8
28
36
113
20
92. Other Diseases of this Order
4
12
43
76
14
2
14
59
132
4
1
1
OUDEK VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93 Colio
74
25
24
45
1
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
1°
10
12
13
10
29
17
1
100 Diseases of Spleen
2i
1
1
8
38
1
0
3
2
4
24
102 Hernia
18
11
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
1
:
i i
3,626
78
3,619
102 5, 900 136
4, 658 106
5, 090 133
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
TABLE XXXIX.— DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF— Continued.
18e3^.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
23, 931.
39, 789.
41,864.
42, 832.
35, 501.
30, 928.
29, 108.
26, 199.
Cases.
6, 134
3
11
40
3
Deaths.
Cases.
10, 483
0
21
103
2
o
1
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
60
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
9C
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
121
1
2
113
1
10, 339
3
10
247
3
2
0
130
1
1
12, 551
4
17
200
19
o
1
163
9,779
111
6,912
1
3
140
2
2
218
1
5,398
90
81, 430
30
103
1, 466
52
10
11
10
110
702
71
149
298
21
8
519
31
102
61
197
79
34
118
7
1
63
22
3
15
6
9
185
243
1,435
12
6
1
7
282
1
124
3
1
8
o
1
o
o
1
1
1
1
11
5
o
o
3
63
5
1
1
29
27
15
14
84
3
7
47
1
6
59
4
32
6
42
1
75
116
8
I
27
5
1
80
o
101
13
1
15
2
1
1
3
57
14
2
1
37
1
17
1
26
8
6
1
3
1
5
1
52
1
63
4
1
3
30
o
3
5
4
7
1
8
3
94
5
5
6
24
1C
12
94
5
16
8
23
5
65
46
3
10
15
14
3
3
3
1
4
24
6
33
4
6
11
53
10
5
20
6
]
9
1
3
24
1
1
13
3
21
10
5
15
4
12
5
1
5
1
9
2
1
4
3
5
4
7
4
1
2
o
4
2
1
1
1
i
27
1
1
0
2
32
1
15
37
13
15
5
17
157
22
38
36
4
20
21
18
"0
40
15
18
8
19
145
8
4°
1
61
184
2,296
354
6
44
163
384
399
92
339
1,453
2,424
375
15
107
409
1
C2
69
471
15
5
21
520
94
17
103
19
1
6
19
23
18
5
1°5
11
64
30
548
47
332
52
3
5
o
36
1
5
1
1
G
49
60
64
4
18
18°
4
16
52 !
26
97
109
214
10
9
24
80
60
77
232
5
19
65
82
14
51
21°
2
1
10
15
1
6
8
25
48
8
15
1
3
42
8
2
12
5
9
2
9
3
1
3
1
1
1
G
135
228
21°
313
60
319
21
1
13
98
278
34
°64
159
35
11
19
68
1
17
58
1
2
19
1
5
10
11
8
63
1
1
8
CO
2
1
11
90
7
34
1
34
3
6
45
13
8
58
6
3
10
73
1
7
45
11
7
30
3
7
40
.
1
5
1
1
7,181
133
12,719
132
12, 725
149
14, 563
181
11, 424
118
8,004
234
6,452
96
95, 961
1,528
250
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XXXIX.— DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF— Concluded.
YEAH
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
10, 027.
13, 203.
18, 558.
13, 168.
15, 480.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. 1
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
htfor ard
3,626
78
3,619
102
5,900
136
4,658
4
12
106
5,090
1
33
22
133
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
°8
19
14
5
2
27
20
10
4
1
63
1
156
44
25
1
14
11
5
16
35
81
42
6
1
41
28
230
74
33
I
1
1
13
6
18
31
76
33
83
1
2
1
n am t ^
20
1
1
1
175
41
15
1
1
1
2
1
9
1
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
' °
2
1
1
2
3
13
11
8
*
6
5
13
3
1
o
' TDflaiT1 f jj,.
1
2
1
24
~ f , .
4
18
1
31
o
o
„
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
2
1
1
1
1
1
51
52
4
o
4
4
43
7
5
2
10
I
9
130 Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess ..„
47
54
3
7
37
1
13
64
56
8
20
1
57
5
6
o
2
132 Boils . ..
133. Carbuncle
1
10
10
30
2
15
134. Whitlow
70
17
1
11
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136 Burns
25
139. Drowning . .
1
140 Sprains .
6
1
3
3
3
11
o
12
141. Dislocation
o
1
I
1
143. Compound Fractures
1
76
17
12
144. Gunshot Wounds
7
17
7
6
3
1
184
6
16
6
7
12
67
17
11
5
7
2
0
145. Incised Wounds
14(i. Lacerated Wounds
5
1
4
147. Punctured Wounds
16
148. Poisoning
1
1
9
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
7
7
7
3
150. ORDER II. — Homicide
151. ORDER III.— Suicide
1
1
152. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence
Total
4,201
84
4,369
111
6,805
153
5,090
130
5,563
145
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
251
TABLE XXXIX.— DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF— Concluded.
1863-
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUJCE.
TOTAL.
' 23, 931.
39, 7S9.
f 41, 864.
42, 832.
35, 501.
30, 928.
29, 108.
26, 199.
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
14<i
147
148
149
150
151
152
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
7,181
G
134
23
8
6
16
35
104
80
15
2
2
133
12, 719
3
205
132
12,725
6
151
25
7
149
14, 563
4
113
8
4
3
16
27
217
152
181
1
11, 424
20
78
11
7
2
118
8,004
8
54
7
21
7
326
102
234
6,452
12
35
2
7
10
8
8
262
128
6
5
96
95, 961
64
889
206
97
45
260
239
2,294
1,119
1,598
1
1
50
20
7
6
12
172
1
1
4
4
9
4
4
8
1
1
1
3
3
1
o
1
11
19
171
137
74
8
4
4
3
11
28
17
17
5
o
2
1
16
324
1
2
131
27
155
1
28
8
5
5
1
9
21
11
9
2
4
12
-t
1
348
35
19
14
27
58
173
87
74
42
120
15
13
59
2
15
27
17
744
975
75
176
411
G9
415
4
5
7
1
4
23
19
2G
11
15
3
1
1
1
1
1
7
12
9
14
7
Q
1
- 2
1
3
10
4
3
3
1
17
5
1
4
23
3
1
o
1
1
2
17
2
3
4
1
11
1
4
17
8
3
3
12
4
11
1
3
3
7
73
137
14
30
49
10
59
4
10
5
6
G
5
1
1
1
80
119
10
16
50
20
40
1
1
5
1
63
20
6
14
18
o
17
1
i
3
89
114
4
24
48
~-
1
2
73
116
5
21
49
110
16
23
13
42
55
185
3
14
28
4
79
6
1
31
10
G5
34
1
1
3
11
1
1
1
18
15
C
1
58
93
84
3
C8
46
35
1
4
34
1,345
15
425
35
48
69
3,432
174
135
75
20
101
6
3
2
5
2
6G
3G
11
4
1
6
6
19
30
1,169
7
15
1
63
19
9
11
1
394
20
15
14
14
G
1
8
o
5
35
16
y
1
1
22
85
99
253
2
5
1
26
28
4
1
5
1
12
3
9
4
5
12
2
5
o
4
1
7
i
1
1
i
i
1
6
1
7, 895 141
14, 013
144
14, 009
156
15, 787 199
13, 005
146
10, 160
334
8,805
198
109, 702
1,041
252
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XL.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YE AII
1863.
M OXTII
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
3,258.
1, 297.
1,437.
4, 042.
5, 473.
LIST OF DISEASES. | Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deuths. Cases, j Deaths. ' Cases. Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
3
14
1
3
s
1
1
2
1
1
1
14
5
10
i
13
3
5
7
5
4
•JO . - -
53
95
6
21
6
13
3
4
1
1
1
44
1
182
1
58
3
5
1
7
22
31
1
6
0
15
-
34
1
1
o
0
5
47
1
,' ' |1K l
0
90
0
~ 0 IV
18 Diphtheria •
47
3
8
•V E 'd^ ' Catirrh
84
4
3
1
G
6
1
7
2
07
8
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
•>0 ^vpllilU
4
5
3
9
0
3
1
ORDER III. — Dittie Disease*.
29 Scurw
1
1
1
11
1
5
1
3
1
1
2
3
5
34 Other Disease^ of thN Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.
35 Gout . . . .,
1
5
6
10
4
23
37
30
fi
14
5
1
1
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
44 Scrofula
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
46 itch
1
1
1
•m
79
114 1 562
4
454 9
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18C3.
253
TABLE XL.
of the Department of the Northwest.
18f5y.
18G3.
DECEMIIEU.
JANUARY. | FEBRUARY.
MAUCII.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
7, 4K).
8, 506.
8, 291.
0, 980.
8, 182.
5,464.
5, 429.
5,320.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
l
3
4
0
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1G
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
20
"7
28
29
30
31
:)2
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
40
47
48
49
38
4
35
1
5
22
1
11
1
2
17
3
15
3
6
1
9
107
5
45
22
3
1
2
2
8
35
1
1
102
23
9
Gl
80
3d
14
1
35
38
10
1
1
35
17
23
54
43
4
44
25
3
523
287
119
5
14
801
62
174
4
154
45
468
34
91
630
902
242
54
194
23
9
25
4
15
1
0
45
11
4
1
50
7
10
1
28
1
74
9
9
193
113
1
3
51
5
9
1
2
83
61
11
6
139
5
50
5
1
28
7
175
1
2
31
17
23
9
3
13
4
7
25
2
3
11
4
7
6
3
42
82
3
5
3
44
2
5
190
107
39
9
21
10
12
1
14
53
252
14
7
14
1
1
11
35
6
2
19
1
98
110
24
21
112
21
3
15
]
30
4
1°
82
7
30
7
30
3
o
3
3
1
3
1
o
2
1
1
2
17
1
4
1
1
43
3
10
42
1
10
3
450
6
2
4
4
1
3
8
1
3
3
7
1
o
2
2
1
1
6
1
2
2
1
1
12
1
27
1
70
65
4
40
22
1
85
42
50
53
9
3
1
1
8
9
55
25
1
1
38
4
98
0
35
20
380
57
5
2
8
21
61
33
1
1
2
7
7
8
32
2
4
14
5
JO
31
3
1.
4
6
7
2
3
3
9
1
2
1
1
1
8
6
1
G
4
30
13
29
28
192
1
4
1
2
7
3
878
11
898
13
854
5
790
5
658
4
518
3
530
3
6, 443
57
254
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XL.— DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST— Continued.
YEAK
1869.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEVTEMBEK.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
1, 258.
1, 297.
1, 437.
4, 042.
5, 473.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
113
79
114
562
1
o
4
454
9
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
3
TT1 if ?
1
1
~'
1
1
1
1
0
1
o. n am ^
3
1
w" x &t • ' P
ra XT f •
1
1
12
6
1
' £tfa J
2
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
1
66
8
5
1
4
2
20
!r* T^fl"1 f ' J ^
'
^ * • S e - n
OKDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
3
1
4
3
1
1
2
1
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
74 V 1 1 D' f H t
f TV
76 Dro^ of Pericardium
* y .
1
1
1
78 I fl f f E d
1
1
1
82. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma
84. Acute Bronchitis
6
11
1
13
238
115
6
85. Chronic Bronchitis
86. Dropsy of Chest . . .
1
1
87. Haemorrhage from Nose
1
12
39
12
88. Inflammation of Larynx
2
24
1
16
3
6
43
o
89. Inflammation of Lungs
1
1
5
90. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Haemorrhage from Lungs
92. Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
17
1
1
15
2
1
3
17
1
80
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
94. Constipation
15
95. Cholera Morbus
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
98. Dyspepsia
4
1
0
10
JO
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
101. Fistula in Ano
102. Hernia
1
4
7
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
169
1
1
123
161
1
L006
4
797
14
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
255
TABLE XL.— DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST— Continued.
1863.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
7, 413.
8, 566.
8, 291.
6, 986.
8, 182.
5, 464.
5,429.
5,320.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
878
1
1
32
11
1
898
13
854
5
790
2
8
27
5
658
4
518
3
530
3
6,448
4
29
196
10
3
9
22
16
129
15
57
1
4
38
7
35
2
3
24
1
1
28
1
10
3
1
1
1
2
4
1
2
2
1
34
1
1
1
2
2
1
6
1
2
2
4
8
11
3
4
1
5
3
17
2
3
13
1
16
1
13
6
2
2
1
1
4
o
3
3
1
47
2
4
2
1
18
10
3
470
6
1
1
76
1
43
60
49
1
46
46
1
1
15
7
1
13
o
3
15
4
1
13
6
1
2
2
4
17
70
44
8
55
1
15
7
16
12
2
2
1
3
1
1
3
1
]6
1
3
1
2
1
4
1
8
1
1
7
1
2
1
1
1
24
4
4
1
1
3
4
1
2
11
8
3
23
22
1
1
4
2
1
5
9
1
o
1
o
6
5
1
5
1
o
3
o
0
2
2
304
33
2
7
136
1
7
20
4
110
41
83
60
54
50
15
41
41
1,126
267
1
2
88
644
105
45
322
67
518
23
4
0
109
6
1
10
83
1
13
1
1
1
8
129
11
8
12
13
94
3
1
1
5
41
15
12
11
63
16
3
56
13
06
7
26
5
2
8
11
8
1
6
O-
150
13
4
99
1
49
1
5
107
23
7
66
16
62
3
1
6
4
2
27
1
...
1
1
1
1
5
39
1
2
73
o
81
2
1
1
1
15
1
19
9
9
14
6
8
6
1
0
3
13
1
7
3
25
1
3
8
1
10
5
1
1,365
17
1,775
21
1,510
11
1,463
12
1,172
12
737
6
852
4
11, 130
103
256
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XL.— DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST— Concluded.
YEAR
186^.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
1, 258.
1, 297.
1, 437.
4, 042.
5, 473.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1C9
1
123
161
I
1,006
4
797
14
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
ffimoTiago r n
2
1
3
2
1
17
5
34
25
j. n am
07 iV* 1 "f fli
' Tnflam a.!° f PI ..
1n<>' AD TT'fi' ° f *
1
1
6
1
I
5
2
4
o
" _,cu e. Q "' l
2
1] t ironic n amir
24
4
10
1
1
42
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and G&iital Organs.
...
1
1
1
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
1
1
1
1
1
!
130 Other Diseases of this Order
1
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
3
3
4
4
9
4
132. Boils
8
133. Carbuncle
1
134. Whitlow
1
7
1
7
1
3
3
1
11
1
135. Skin Diseases
4
2
13
2
4
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
137. Contusions
2
7
1 38. Concussion of Brain
133. Drowning
140. Sprains
5
r
0
8
10
141. Dislocation
1
1
142. Simple Fractures
5
3
143. Compound Fractures
144. Gunshot Wounds
15
3
5
1
5
6
5
3
3
2
1
145. Incised Wounds
0
146. Lacerated Wounds
4
5
1
15
147. Punctured Wounds
o
o
148. Poisoninp-
1
2
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
1
150. ORDER II.— Homicide
151 ORDER III.— Suicide
152. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence
Total
223
1
170
200
2
1,127
8
1,003
15
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1803.
257
TABLE XL.— DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST— Concluded.
1802.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APUIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
7,413.
8,566.
8, 291.
6,2
Cases.
86.
8, 182.
5, 404.
5, 429.
5, 320.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
104
105
10G
107
108
100
110
111
112
113
114
115
110
117
118
119
120
121
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
1,365
17
1,775
21
1, 510
1
70
31
1
1
9
8
4
11
1
1
I
1
11
1,403
3
69
12
1
1
G
14
12
1, 172
0
12
737
G
852
4
11,130
6
413
177
G
6
51
52
46
S7
262
10
3
4
1
17
24
103
73
53
1
77
34
IS.O
1
3
1
14
16
8
18
7
1
2
2
1
1
9
4
14
2
111
3
1
1
1
1
4
4
3
10
5
11
1
1
3
1
11
26
1
1
20
20
18
28
1
11
16
1
5
2
. .. H
0
1
1
3
1
o
8
5
1
1
3
5
o
3
2
4
4
1
1
5
6
1
1
2
1
2
I
1
3
3
3
15
1
1
1
20
9
10
11
1
3
2
3
120
1
3
1
1
2
i
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
10
11
1
7
15
1
oo
11
23
1
G
6
4
28
1
19
18
13
20
10
15
9
9
7
1C
1
1
7
1
28
131
5
1
3
G
3
8
4
G
2
10
1
7
3
42
15
229
37
09
1
5
1
1
15
13
4
7
15
0
21
3
7
o
25
9
3
o
5
133
17
41
3
109
6G
57
4
3
6
2
1
23
0
G
7
7
1
9
10
5
1
1
15
5
16
11
G
1
7
0
5
3
7
1
4
4
15
1
7
0
4
107
0
1
18
36
00
18
1
1
!
1
] , (150
18 2, 145
23
1,820
12
1,807
14
1,464
16
899
8
1,027
4
13, 535
121
33
258
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLL
Abstract of the /Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1809.
JIOMH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
21,018.
21, 572.
31, 588.
44, 799.
45, 979.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases, j Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OIIPEU I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
C4
7
83
10
106
16
34
16
5
140
4
107
12
281
10
208
31
220
1C
159
35
5
2
8
r ' Fever
404
262
355
275
359
28
4
1
682
655
817
5
857
1.329
8
o
474
1H2
3
' j; ° * ia
238
14
1
1,568
742
' ' F _
115
187
74
2, 029
416
851
112
1
498
175
11
824
3
14
603
56
209
13
11
1
3
1
1, 191
247
352
42
26
6
57
2
1
5
5
1
1
20
7
6
14
12
1,184
342
84
34
7
391
8
6
365
385
11
2
16
1
5
o
6
-.3
• TV
78
344
9
31
3
15
0
1
4
' D -
i r- • i ^ ^
1
15. Small-pox and Varioloid
5
1
179
332
34
2°
12
1 .
11
212
123
' |! ° .
163
40
61
13
161
94
10
3
231
57
162
8
1
139
52
104
44
6
0
o
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22 Syphilis
34
G9
12
°4 Orcliitis
17
4
3
27 Serpent Bite .
1
9
27
1
o
ORDER III. — Dictic Diseases.
°4
6
5
7
4
8
1
6
9
30 I'urpura
8
3
1
5
1
4
I
1
-
34. Other Diseases of this Order
4
12
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
1
74
124
3
184
214
59
7
36. Acute Rheumatism
68
66
65
183
262
122
38. Anosmia
8
14
39
24
39. General Dropsy
6
1
3
6
1
i
40. Cancer
2
11
21
4
4
11
38
15
42. Other Diseases of this Order
1
6
24
00
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
12
50
10
2
.
i
44. Scrofula
3
5
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
40. Itch
36
54
47. Tape-worm
48. Other Intestinal Worms
1
4
3
49. Other Diseases of this Order
1
Carried forward
2, 970
18
2, 652
34
5,170
37
10, 083
124
6,892
115
DURING THE YEAK ENDING JUNE 30, 1803.
259
TABLE XLL
of tJie Department of the Missouri.
18G2.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
52, 961.
42, 922.
43, 090.
32, 864.
31, 030.
37, 808.
29, 078.
36,226.
1
0
3
4
5
G
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
is
16
17
IS
19
20
21
22
24
23
27
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
30
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
4<;
47
48
49
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
187
3
97
3
3
75
14
1
3
114
3
7G
24
1
2
50
2
19
14
34
1
27
7
11
10
1
15
3
1,297
G2
907
208
18
23
82
4
1
6
9
5] 9
053
758
128
23
1, 330
431
263
48
50
54
183
g
195
571
112
33
96
34
3
11
6
255
452
5
233
337
380
77
21
994
2DO
203
53
43
73
75
6
1
276
342
280
44
17
677
154
128
3
1
1
192
319
208
3
218
358
396
20
4
166
382
1
4, C91
G,27fi
G, 455
£81
317
12 203
2,752
3, 375
563
476
538
1,537
10
55
1,483
3,956
48
G
4
352
1
357
40
58
1,106
243
205
43
44
84
102
31
10
1,159
254
204
99
33
15
18
G
5
2
24
1
8
7
4
9
7
4Qo
3
614
109
133
7
38
121
30
3
1
1
2
1
o
17
3
o
70
17
1C!)
31
40
14
57
78
19
2
o
1
0
14
8
92
141
12
97
77
53
8
4
1
1
1
3
o
10
7
41
40
96
8
1
8
4
3
3
5
4
17
1
13
221
575
33
50
64
12
1
15
161
851
28
29
80
11
1
30
4
59
486
8
35
1
8
70
309
21
1
2
117
249
4
48
FA
16
70
160
7
13
1
15
1,139
494
1,152
202
27
o
1
24
49
125
68
9
1
14
69
18
15
3
12
20
135
3
26
269
6
G3
99
30
22
7
1, 894
1,875
464
114
4
33
11
ID
33
1
4
5(3
o
1
22
1
13
1
5
6
13
5
39
o
23
1
5
27
11
1
1
8
1
35
1
1
9
1
1
1
8
13
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
9
4
1
1
148
109
40
4
4
11
10
2
5
8
1
1
2
3
1
243
192
1
165
161
38
5
1
4
11
26
24
237
189
91
24
250
211
70
9
1
2
7
35
17
12
199
1
1
167
124
90
101
25
2
1
56
9
38
5
1
4
2
1
1
2
7
24
13
8
9
32
18
2
53
6
19
41
5
1
1
2
8
8
1
5
105
329
138
15
787
1
9
57,294
2
21
1
1
3
3
6
18
16
1
73
1
1
1
151
40
47
134
1
6
1
O
2
3
2
1
4
792
2
0,517 113
4,936
95
5,100
83
3,419
71
2, 783 37
3,174
48
3,598
17
260
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLI.— DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI— Continued.
YI:AU
186^
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER. NOVEMBER.
21, 018.
21,572.
31,588.
44, 799.
45, 979.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
2,970
2
4
19
3
0
18
2
2,052
1
28
1
34
1
5,170
0
7
37
5
37
1
10, 083
3
15
124
1
G,892
8
55
115
1
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
70
8
6
1
2
1
7
1
5
10
75
0
0
(i
1
jo. Innamina ion ' ' •
r~ K M™8
o
1
52
9
69
5s' X ril" ia
22
28
' T>C. .
5
15
4
1
5
2
1
109
0
3
1
14
1
o
1
9
2
' ' •[
9
3
1
133
n
6
o
1
OUUEH II. — Diseases of Eye.
1
1
168
3
63 Cataract
7
209
2°9
r \lft "motion of Iris'
5
4
3
4
18
19
2
17
3
9
16
3
9
5
6
1C
10
48
18
6
16
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
G8 Earache
1
11
1
5
3
7
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
'/
3
4
1
2
3
1
1
1
2
3
0
27
17
4
18
225
19
1
81. Taricocele
6
3
12
4
2
9
152
30
7
4
9
113
50
82. Other Diseases of this Order ....
ORDEU V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma
84. Acute Bronchitis
135
1
288
77
3
1
85. Chronic Bronchitis
19
80. Dropsy of Chest
3
3
9
55
36
12
1
40
35
113
65
9
34
157
87. Haemorrhage from Nose
0
3
4
27
280
72
8
165
104
236
88. Inflammation of Larynx
3
58
24
3
1
"39
o
1
1
1
35
3
89. Inflammation of Lungs
2
35
13
3
3
14
90. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Haemorrhage from Lungs
92. Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
1
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
55
255
9°
94. Constipation
170
40
105
95. Cholera Morbus
22
1
(Jl
1
80
1
6
93
1
50
9fi. Cirrhosis of Liver
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
4
48
I
7
44
30
67
98. Dyspepsia
49
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
8
3
29
1
7
3
25
23
GO
1
58
11
3
61
101 . Fistula in Ano
102. Hernia
38
6
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
6
Carried forward
|
3,850
25
3, 540
39
6,260
43
12, 003
148
8, 917
173
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
261
TABLE XLL— DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI— Continued.
18(32.
1803.
DECEMCEU.
JAN'CAHY.
FEUUUAllY.
MAUCH.
AFIIIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
52, 901.
42, 022.
43, 01)0.
32, 864.
31, 030.
37, 808.
29, 078.
30, 226.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
70
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
80
87
88
89
9C
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Cases.
Deaths.
Cises.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
6,517
2
8
55
4
4
8
11
90
4
113
4,936
95
5,100
83
3,419
3
12
71
2
2,783
5
9
60
o
37
1
1
3,174
3
11
83
48
o
3,598
3
4
85
3
17
1
57, 294
27
101
728
792
13
2
6
55
2
6
3
6
10
90
5
16
80
3
5
10
10
23
113
101
1
8
4
30
43
26
60
79
817
64
24
100
24
dj
g OOO
1 ;
42
11
2
3
3
3
6
3
16
3
104
6
5
2
3
10
7
61
5
5
1
5
1
1
3
73
5
o
1
1
40
4
o
5
3
0
2°
2
4
239
8
o
1
17
1
1
220
15
15
o
7
1
1
178
6
2
3
5
21G
19
2
1
179
11
0
2
3
231
3
181
10
14
3
84
7
85
207
12
31
17
4
16
8
19
10
6
7
45
10
18
4
4
10
15
5
15
2
27
12
5
4
4
8
4
13
4
5
116
31
121
4
4
41
4
1
36
15
6
121
116
34
150
2, 867
690
11
86
321
2,071
582
85
750
911
5
5
3
9
1
1
1
5
3
1
5
6
1
1
6
o
5
1
1
1
5
9
2
o
15
17
4
10
3G1
105
1
4
1
1
3
3
1
1
o
1
1
13
o
13
12
13
10
5
14
441
87
1
3
49
363
58
11
54
92
"
7
8
1
10
248
40
1
3
1
3
144
45
0
2
15
353
71
1
9
100
29
19
307
62
1
1
36
249
70
4
78
52
1
1
o
1
1
1
2
U
8
2
2
1
1
1
5
42
300
74
1
183
121
223
27
11
42
6
50
184
41
10
78
37
103
5
13
109
31
44
58
3
13
59
29
5
26
01
184
33
1
44
1
1
3
304
14
4
8
1
52
1
1
41
3
47
1
206
61
12
54
o
9
2
2
1
1
87
43
174
5
202
222
228
14
9
6
4
1
12
10
1
362
114
U48
3
145
27
455
oo
4
13
53
3
20
3
39
1
16
45
10
66
6
44
5
52
1
3
37
1
50
10
1
50
o
1
4
1
07
1
4
28
1
38
1
43
13
1
4
1
8,666
177
6,708
159
7,254
142
5,212
143
4,191
97
4,401
69
4, 64,".
23
75, 047
1,238
262
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLL— DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI— Concluded.
y EAK
1863.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
21, 018.
21, 572.
31,588.
44, 799.
45, 979.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
3,850
25
3, 540
39
6,260
43
12, 003
148
8,917
1
81
15
17
1
56
173
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
°8
9
5
50
14
65
oo :
40
9
o
45
1
14
5
2
1
11
16
29
14
6
4
1
12
17
oo
21
0
78
391
37
608
92
45
37
°7
212
1
11° Piles
79
12
1
98
79
0
113 Oth^r Diseases of this Order
18
3
3
1
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
115 Diabetes
2
1
8
lit1 Diseases of Testis
...
1
21
6
2
1
9
1
12
15
16
1
2
23
29
8
1
3
3
3
121) Inflammation of Bladder
3
1
o
1
121. Incontinence of Urine
1
10
1
49
5
1
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
3
1
0
o
127. Inflammation of Bones
1
1
3
4
3
73
54
10
21
i 129. Necrosis
5
o
5
1
4
2
135
130. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess
37
C
7
15
45
3
38
6
2
38
11
13
10
38
1
38
4
81
36
5
132. Boils
56
GO
16
35
10
07
133. Carbuncle
134. Whitlow
8
16
1
16
8
135. Skin Diseases
49
7
50
3
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
137. Contusions
138. Concussion of Brain
139. Drowning
3
140. Sprains
7
4
10
6
3
18
4
5
7
18
10
9
35
13
13
1
88
I9
141. Dislocation
142. Simple Fractures
143. Compound Fractures
144. Gunshot Wounds
45 1
oo
130
10
41
1
8
78
10
13
11
1
1
9
90
34
31
4
1
2
8
3
143. Incised Wounds
146. Lacerated Wounds
57
24
147. Punctured Wounds
3
6
15
1
6
2
3
2
7
148. Poisoning
1
1
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
2
150. ORDER II.— Homicide
151. ORDER III.— Suicide
1
o
152. ORDER IV.— Execution of Sentence
Total
4, 350 30
4, 085
51
7,026
59
13,506
165
10, 392
180
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
263
TABLE XLL— DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI— Concluded.
1863.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUKE.
TOTAL.
52, 9C1.
42 922.
43, 0:)0.
32, 864.
31, 030.
37, 608.
29, 078.
36, 226.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. ; Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths .
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
145
147
148
149
150
151
152
8,666
5
72
17
15
9
85
55
G9
7
1
2
1
1
6
25
5
1
e
177
6,708
3
108
9
13
o
2L
28
1C4
91
19
8
1
4
3
13
30
5
3
1
4
4
6
4
159
7, 254
3
78
26
17
1
7
22
150
92
142
5,212
5
47
12
9
1
19
20
72
77
16
14
143
4,191
97
4,401
4
55
3
14
1
9
28
69
4, 645
23
75, 647
33
681
182
139
19
304
363
1,985
813
241
CO
17
26
9
84
226
45
24
29
91
31
11
35
3
37
17
683
613
134
192
392
110
585
29
1, 238
1
1
1
54
11
11
34
8
13
2
3
15
1
6
11
5
2
4
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
19
21
19
53
1
1
1
1
o
33
61
25
6
10
50
11
5
2
1
1
9
9
3
3
8
o
1
0
5
1
7
17
2
o
o
i
1
9
23
9
14
1
6
7
10
8
4
o
4
15
1
1
7
6
3
3
7
o
1
2
3
1
1
1
3
2
5
1
4
1
1
o
1
3
7
1
9
1
3
3
5
26
3
o
7
2
4
46
61
2
14
31
15
39
1
o
4
3
1
1
6
1
46
57
8
20
60
10
28
3
85
54
9
12
35
11
63
3
1
38
54
7
23
30
23
2
46
4°
32
86
6
10
oo
1
6
96
3
17
17
9
82
4
26
14
1
1
1
8
67
1
o
1
11
55
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
35
28
9
1,044
13
44
12
1
G
52
47
7
6
2
41
24
56
7
8
43
9
9
1
59
4
8
6
1
o
73
7
7
1
66
14
11
4
1
6
43
8
9
1
54
6
16
7
5
419
104
110
11
1,813
182
313
63
19
89
3
5
1
1
1
1
220
1
3
95
17
26
2
1
18
85
52
8
23
16
9
5
1
7
4
15
9
3
33
5
3
1
7
9
1
10
2
4
1°
26
1
2
1
1
4
1
3
1
1
; 10,777 ; 273
7, 703 224
8,148
159
5, 903 159
4,787
119
5,144
98
5,214
38 67,035 1,555
264
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLII.
Abstract of Mortality in the
YEAR
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
9,586.
8, 988.
9, 482.
16, 763.
1«, 675.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
124
10
7
82
JOO
226
7
20
308
12
T3Ti° r -
10
4
10
7
- 3 r
• • ^ ° a a
' ° °™
14
17
14
14
2
12
23
28
33
]7
3
t,mi en '
2
9
3
9
4
11
28
5
12
102
5
12
Ifj
34
27G
21
44
o
<J7
19
111
17
11
1
3:i
' CU S.
88
22
242
' ""'I"1!-,
47
78
' *" 6. n t
' '''""I >S J
6
6
1
2
4
1
36
1
2
5
1
28
1
1
38
3
o
35
14
14
ORDER II. — Enthctis Diseases.
22 Syphilis
24 Orchitis
27 Serpent Bite
28. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
1
1
4
2
1
4
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTION AL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
36 Acute Rheumatism
1
2
3
1
1
6
37. Chronic Rheumatism
1
0
1
1
3
53
42 Other Diseases of this Order
2
31
1
1
09
4
25
3
87
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
1
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
46 itch
48 Other Intestinal Worms
nr>3
370
400
849
1,043
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
265
TABLE XLII.
General Hospitals of the Central Region.
1862.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
Al'HIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
17, 662.
22, 844.
21, 737.
22 908.
20, 110.
20, 179.
25, 695.
17, 886.
Cases.
)eaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Jeaths.
}ases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Jeaths.
Cases.
icaths.
Cases.
ieaths.
Cases. Deaths.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
2c
24
25
26
27
28
21
30
31
32
33
34
°85
264
4
5
326
15
21
345
17
43
290
3
39
152
157
2.G81
105
217
5
5
o
4
33
21
36
6
13
13
14
29
269
14
23
53
11
263
31
5
2
°1
38
1
2
21
4
2
20
1
1
20
302
57
63
19
153
317
3,640
195
3G9
410
356
643
4
56
8
7
257
13
5
2
3
6
1
2
9
23
14
19
409
14
35
71
63
38
3
8
4
1
4
14
8'J
541
4
65
63
102
15
20
486
9
19
58
64
14
1
8
12
6
373
9
14
35
59
17
11
423
18
23
18
10
3°0
15
23
78
37
129
59
2
7
6
1
8
1
1
62
1
4
1
7
1
1
13
1
5
3
3
1
23
1
19
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
8
1
4
14
8
32
1
2
1
1
2
1
4
1
1
4
3
5
1
2
1
1
1
35
36
37
38
39
40
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
1
5
2
8
5
4
4
1
6
3
4
1
3
1
1
17
1
24
26
59
8
3
1
46
950
8
4
3
5
o
5
1
11
1
1
1
3
106
7
116
5
127
2
2
9
148
2
3
90
6
77
61
2
1
1
1,111
1,227
1,625
1,197
636
842
11,054
34
266
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLII.— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION— Continued.
YEAU
1862.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
9 , 586.
8, 988.
9, 482.
16, 763.
18, 675.
UNDER TREATMENT A
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Jascs.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
358
1
3
370
400
849
3
1
1,043
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
o
2
1
1
4
1
4
5
4
12
4
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
o
1
1
1
4
8
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
OKDEB HI.— incases of Ear.
' '
OKDEK IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
' " . f 11 t
3
2
3
7-' 1 'fl'1'^ °tion of Pericardium
1
2
|
1
3
' d „ ,.
4
~S li mation of Veins
1
i
.. t : ....
82 Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
4
1
1
1
3
1
5
3
4
OKDEU V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
1
1
3
1
Ofi Dropsy of Chest
1
87. Haemorrhage from Nose
1
88. Inflammation of Larynx
1
17
1
46
5
2
3
4
2i36
7
1
50
17
00
1
1
1
91. Haemorrhage from Luniys
92. Other Diseases of this Order
2
1
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
94. Constipation
)
i
93. Cholera Morbus
1
1
3
1
1
2
2
96. Cirrhosis of Livor
97. Dropsv from Hepatic Disease
5
2
1
4
98. Dyspepsia
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
]
!
101. Fiatulain Ano
102. Hernia
i
1
j
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
400
408
475
937
1, 391
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
267
TABLE XLI1.— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION— Continued.
186^2.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
17, 6C2.
22, 844.
21, 737.
23, 908.
20, 110.
20, 179.
25, 695.
17,886.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
6-1
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
M
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
9C
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
1,184
1
1
1,111
2
3
1,227
1,625
1
5
1, 197
4
4
636
2
842
11, 064
23
3
4
1
3
1
11
9
o
1
18
4
2
2
9
10
1
6
96
53
15
1
—3
6
27
3
' 7
9
o
14
4
6
5
5
1
1
3
2
1
2
2
1
5
4
1
3
3
3
3
2
"
1
1
1
1
3
o
1
3
3
3
36
20
10
21
15
1
7
1
2
1
3
3
2
4
3
1
3
1
11
3
2
3
3
1
4
1
4
1
5
3
2
1
15
3
1
14
7
3
2
5
9
15
1
0
5
24
10
81
89
16
o
29
1,900
72
36
86
1
10
1
29
4
21
10
1C
5
4
1
14
22
6
2
1
4
220
6
274
9
2
15
3
308
5
2
3
°75
6
3°4
1
103
4
3
o
C8
3
26
9
3
4
3
2
4
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
4
4
0
o
1
2
1
6
1
2
9
o
5
3
1
1
o
1
1
'
1 557
1 502
1,635
2,065
1,515
998
958
13,841
1
268
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLIL— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION— Concluded.
YEAH
186^.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
9, 586.
8, 988.
9, 482.
16, 763.
18, 675.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases-
Deaths.
400
408
475
937
1
1,391
1
2
4
7
4
7
1
3
o
11
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
1
1
2
1
1
1
3
3
3
9
4
o
0
1
4
1
1
2
2
1
8
1
2
1
4
3
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
2
]
1
o
1
1
122 Hydrocele
123 Other Diseases of this Order
ORDEK VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
125. Caries
128. Inflammation of Periosteum
129. Necrosis
130. Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
ORDEIJ IX.— Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess
2
2
1
132. Boils
133. Carbuncle
134. Whitlow
135. Skin Diseases
i
o
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
1
1
137. Contusions
2
1
2
138. Concussion of Brain
3
139. Drowning
1
140. Sprains
141. Dislocation
142. Simple Fractures
1
1
41
143. Compound Fractures
3
42
144. Gunshot Wounds
19
37
38
145. Incised Wounds
1
146. Lacerated Wounds
1
1
2
2
3
147. Punctured Wounds
1
148. Poisoning
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
o
2
3
1
150. ORDER II.— Homicide
151. ORDER III. — Suicide
1
152. ORDER IV.— Execution of Sentence
Total
437
462
537
1 022
1,492
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
269
TABLE XLIL— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION— Concluded.
1863.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
17, 6C2.
22, 844.
21,737.
22,908.
20,110.
20, 179.
25, 695.
17, 886.
104
105
IOC
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
187
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
140
147
148
149
150
151
152
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1,557
1
1
6
8
7
1
3
14
1,502
1,635
2,065
1,515
998
958
4
1
13, 841
10
14
50
67
39
29
32
56
6
47
3
6
15
1
1
8
5
2
1
13
12
4
4
8
1
3
7
7
1
5
4
5
3
3
6
4
5
2
4
7
3
7
6
1
5
3
5
4
3
5
2
14
1
4
4
4
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
4
2
2
2
23
5
3
3
1
5
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
2
^
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
23
1
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
o
6
1
1
1
1
4
5
8
16
6
2
o
1
1
1
3
o
4
1
1
1
2
1
0
1
1
4
182
2
7
88
1
2
66
1
o
7
37
1,419
4
9
7
1
23
o
4
17
390
1
82
25
409
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
o
1
1
4
3
3
4
1
1
o
1,644
1,954
3,878
2,237
1,621
1,124
1,424
• 15, 832
270
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLIII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1869.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
183, 580. 1G9, 038.
213, 107.
311, 780.
330, 950.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths. : Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
842
27
877
405
22
26
735
35
7GJ
214
25
12
723
18
679
262
20
11
1,329
39
1,011
405
11
41
1,500
31
750
600
3,491
2,930
2,369
442
191
10, 186
2,408
1,671
237
178
21
143
1
51
1
4
3,008
3,250
2, G17
255
101
7,979
1,699
1,408
259
139
15
38
1
48
20
14
2
35
39
209
51
40
5
4
1
3,920
5,857
5,186
705
246
12, 705
2,099
3,511
391
175
17
120
61
4
11
2
68
65
200
104
71
5
5
.4
5,070
9, 649
8,365
760
324
17, 364
2,524
5,682
761
199
16
1,252
1
35
662
2,665
1,830
532
1,210
74
10
9
4
83
72
333
117
138
7
1
47
4,183
7,551
6, 715
739
232
15, 004
2,952
3,585
567
320
26
2 912
11
135
1,559
5, 108
1,548
636
1,266
217
38
33
87
24
9
o
84
53
411
57
98
29
9
154
1
15
56
54
223
30
21
9
10
2
1
5
3
1
114
5
291
42
93
40
1,771
269
157
208
2,016
460
799
4
88
2
61
4
2,100
240
67
52
OKI) Ell II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22 Syphilis
447
101
15
442
24. Orchitis
80
8
100
13
135
°9
25. Stricture of the Urethra
00
27. Serpent Bite
4
10
347
4
4
198
1
4
249
1
19
105
2
35
5°
28. Other Diseases of this Order
15
84
4
38
41
9
48
9
1,997
2,187
395
180
11
17
93
309
62
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurry
2
o
2
3
1
30. Furpura
31. Delirium Tremens
22
32
8
1
28
42
3
25
5
5
3
7
1
32. Inebriation
33. Chronic Alcoholism
1
8
3
1, 570
1,611
237
207
8
22
135
227
52
34. Other Diseases of this Order
4
2
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER l.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
9
774
1,057
125
197
1
41
80
157
54
05
36. Acute Rheumatism
2
3
5
5
552
623
74
151
2
2
2
3
929
934
152
169
3
16
76
168
36
5
1
1
1
1
7
1
12
5
37. Chronic Rheumatism
38. Anaemia
3
5
39. General Dropsy
40. Cancer
41. Tumors
8
56
143
41
1
3
75
1
3
42. Other Diseases of this Order
3
46
1
4
47
4
40
1
3
106
1
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
44. Scrofula
45. Other Diseases of this Order. . . .
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch
55
128
3
05
47. Tape-worm
48. Other Intestinal Worms
15
12
10
49. Other Diseases of this Order
2
Carried forward
1,057
32, 175
27, 026
866
42, 886
1,050
65, 851
1,578
63, 273
1,896
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
271
TABLE XLIII.
of the Central Region.
18G2.
1803-
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUKE.
TOTAL.
353, 713.
372, 898.
376, 676.
382, 583.
386, 934.
381, 534.
363, 444.
318, 8o3.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
ieaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. .Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
30
31
32
33
34
35
3f
37
38
39
40
41
42
4
4
4
4
4
4
40
1,574
62
657
594
30
24 ',
1,751
38
1,061
C43
10
54
1,817
48
1,461
804
34
111
1, 737
86
1,272
722
37
118
1,318
24
1,025
594
13
104
885
43
789
354
19
74
652
15
742
312
7
64
14, 863
466
11, 087
5, 939
250
667
3,662
5,956
5,361
487
179
15, 372
2, 790
2,791
361
461
134
2,854
8
134
2 222
5,080
1,540
786
1,175
200
35
50
73
6
16
13
78
56
408
30
58
92
401
1
16
4,160
5,451
4,074
605
299
23, 268
4,367
3,158
590
615
357
2,185
11
218
1,776
4,354
1,186
740
1,110
167
19
92
67
8
5
4,205
4,870
4,305
685
260
19,277
3,627
3,268
489
525
353
1,299
8
241
1,469
4, 290
1,093
623
909
149
40
91
1
18
396
10
42
49
7
4
r
83
9
13
4
76
98
626
53
67
152
120
157
5
19
6
4
82
4,450
5,740
4,564
602
256
21, 915
4,047
3,123
458
557
413
754
25
229
],091
3,737
749
699
1,085
144
36
129
77
12
4
3
64
102
777
39
92
98
148
103
1
18
2
3
72
2
4,213
5,454
4,693
596
328
20, 014
3,535
2,979
272
609
374
381
15
154
808
2,459
696
588
1,012
77
8
4
4,650
5,442
4, 997
489
188
19, 474
3,164
4,508
316
437
215
264
8
126
525
1,210
629
570
985
129
18
150
3
17
508
35
36
50
°4
56
2
1
2
43
35
605
51
51
60
91
13
5,401
8,478
6,661
629
231
21, 988
3,245
5,604
506
426
95
97
1
75
209
693
268
566
1,010
104
21
66
7
6
50,473
70, 628
59, 907
7,194
2,835
204, 546
36, 457
41,288
5,207
4,641
2,036
12,299
90
1,347
10, 862
30, 486
15,426
6,709
11,450
1, 698
302
875
17
197
3,922
214
398
579
121
292
81
19, 787
19, 171
4,890
1, 651
55
296
957
3,125
1,121
94
3,801
51
342
50
820
111
96
32
779
732
5,534
696
788
735
619
1,203
11
138
15
17
646
20
6
3
63
82
457
55
56
149
70
294
58
41
677
33
36
94
104
26
3
19
71
35
608
76
60
35
29
1
21
2
1
11
4
4
1
12
1
1
20
12
1
2 j
1
1
46
1
31
1
2
1
172
30
1
125
183
3
19
529
10
28
67
14
38
4
1,164
947
525
59
2
31
25
181
84
0
115
9
26
91
13
25
8
2,403
2,157
444
156
3
26
106
253
85
5
343
1
33
11
89
17
26
41
10
5
2,455
2,379
573
114
0
24
144
338
125
9
647
7
34
11
56
og
o
6
2
6
3
4
5
1
2
532
52
48
44
22
8
8
2,296
2,243
818
168
7
37
6
4
7
3
1
770
75
44
65
21
59
2
1,839
1,634
543
92
8
37
58
336
159
10
488
11
5
8
1
5
3
6
2
10
2
5
o
1
53
20
68
11
5
3
5
1
I
66
3
1,428
1,126
505
49
o
15
13
97
4
457
6
39
5
6
4
11
7
1
4
10
19
5
1
2,380
2,273
499
109
4
oo
14
7
10
8
3
14
3
6
7
9
4
4
1
17
1
1
2
18
2
60
41
122
41
5
1
66
1,373
19
10
2
139
9
156
3
102
355
129
25
612
18
194
o
4
69
433
197
39
568
10
223
3
1
141
f
1
6
117
1
89
4
1
503
8
30
4
1
1L
44
]1
8
3°
35
1
2
15
60,835 2,152 , 68,949
2,279
62, 485
2,788
65, 609
2, 780 58, 194
2,124
54,924
1,656
62,177
1,529
664, 384
21, 755
. ...
"272
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLIII.— CENTRAL REGION— Continued.
YBAIi
1869.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
r 67 xz/7)
183, 580.
169, 038.
213, 107.
311, 780.
330, 950.
MEAN oIHEXilU, ( J y
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
866
3
3
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
32, 175
20
62
503
47
13
7
1,057
15
8
27, 026
8
43
30]
18
2
3
42, 886
13
63
348
28
12
1,050
6
5
65, 851
17
110
336
32
14
13
65
60
701
64
18
55
13
5
1,314
1,578
13
63, 273
18
115
608
31
1,896
15
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
11
• 1 1 J
1
17
3
1
3
5
1
5
5
1
17
32
9
157
96
949
51
114
18
18
1,316
31
7
2
1
1
7
]
15
. n amn no.
55
472
81
390
1
43
522
49
132
102
15
9
671
7
41
22
164
113
14
78
8
6
8
3
29
53
77
9
6
644
14
21
19
97
74
15
2
4
6
23
39
89
12
2
3
5
6
9
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
10
827
17
41
60
149
75
9
54
14
21
70
206
16
18
61
260
94
ORDEK III. — Diseases of Ear.
77
29
9°
go
109
8
8
3
8
8
2
5
ORDER IV.— Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
TV f TI
1
5
12
4
1
15
9
o
136
182
3
3
1
6
4
-r r> P ^ f i> • ,r
13
17
3
46
126
7
1
17
7
3
23
3
10
3
1
47
102
4
1
18
4
5
125
167
50
134
1,412
236
5
69
205
816
351
95
371
1,406
1,583
512
32
424
4
7
1
V ' V '
v • S
107
25
71
1,266
106
10
20
21
211
116
28
51
665
1 024
46
75
1,434
147
4
20
9
3
1
1
2
4
2
15
85
1,3]7
150
8
30
47
309
178
60
111
990
1 2')9
9
1
2
1
1
1
2
31
1
6
1
"'
49
186
2 722
380
47
39
9
1
12
8
6
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
2
1
3
2
86 Dropsy of Chest
39
318
213
40
41
871
1 297
1
66
1
1
35
1
7
91
6
3
8
1
254
1,823
531
106
988
1, 065
1 624
6
418
11
2
56
f
89. Inflammation of Lungs
8
1
5
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93 Colic
623
10
479
6
528
8
4
1
385
6
83
509
4
41
366
5
31
252
3
22
291
1
4
68
24
280
18
31
68
33
331
19
1
118
20
ir>o
49
102 Hernia
235
3
2
459
18
1
508
10
1
40, 955
1,230
33, MH
958
51, 394
1 157
77, 838
1,782
79, 262
2,535
1
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
273
TABLE XLIIL— CENTRAL REGION— Continued.
18C3.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
353, 713.
372, 898.
376, 676.
382, 583.
386, 934.
381, 534.
363, 444.
313, 853.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
50
51
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
C7
68
69
70
71
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
90
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
60, 835
28
111
928
30
24
26
94
140
1,086
52
2,152
14
1
15
20
i
i
68, 949
17
125
1,022
45
32
20
100
173
1,122
2,279
6
1
38
19
8
2
62, 485
26
154
1,047
34
29
36
84
207
1,143
64
3
172
26
10
1,309
46
17
73
407
115
2,788
20
11
65, 609
31
140
1,115
62
51
24
96
125
1,212
75
2
210
28
oo
2,780
20
7
58, 194
23
123
1,192
2,124
14
9
54,924
17
104
1,037
40
20
5
27
107
935
41
146
66
26
10
1,670
°4
1,656
10
2
62, 177
14
74
1,197
27
15
7
33
1,529
12.
2
664, 384
232
1,224
9 634
21, 755
154
61
g
42
28
7
o
2
9
2
48
18
6
29
9
58
124
1,060
56
29
110
29
58
1,548
31
72
81
320
84
40
117
5
8
69
26
5
27
21
7
157
142
2
35
15
2
1
18
8
423
276
171
720
1,297
10,411
617
557
1,423
241
12
298
139
29
7
6
56
33
73
29
9
86
819
30
133
171
20
1
9
2
3
8
4
2
83
9
3
1
3
3
3
3
76
18
14
1,379
41
5
47
303
121
23
187
11
1
32
1
6
181
27
n
4
6
26
1,314
29
200
1,575
46
45
68
357
75
56
167
9
10
87
21
24
26
11
18
163
149
37
192
2, 947
790
16
47
565
2,133
747
172
1,076
1,018
1,869
249
5
142
641
12
41
58
4(i3
44
1,531
18
98
51
235
43
14
70
5
5
43
10
6
24
14
2
108
95
26
68
1,064
300
7
31
196
443
337
61
248
1, 101 -
1,884
554
5
78
500
15, 098
303
469
680
3,113
1, 037
18
73
396
110
52
72
55
219
56
22
72
3
5
GO
10
2
23
18
7
i:iG
39
174
10
5
77
16
11
37
17
7
135
325
1,377
91
49
430
102
58
271
136
71
1,315
1,643
485
1,505
25,767
4,879
133
498
3,178
15,025
5,480
1,107
7,657
12, 654
19,380
4, 814
67
876
5, POO
19
789
478
4, 557
215
175
1
1
8
2
45
14
9
32
5
11
154
105
1
9
1
2
3
4
1
10
4
2
10
o
3
11
4
3
9
2
1
24
4
5
5
4
2
9
9
4
3
1
6
4
2
5
9
86
32
21
65
30
o
8
3
2
6
5
29
10
5
•85
136
60
129
3, 098
478
8
95
2, 184
647
79
1,239
1,270
1,835
298
1
79
453
4
73
59
1
158
50
140
3, 540
712
4
21
114
fcO
86
1,231
309
5
45
314
828
411
99
350
1,008
1,706
466
24
5
24
21
34
179
3,286
727
(i
44
398
2,025
6fe3
154
1,261
1,192
1,792
301
7
79
612
4
1
26
. 14
3
10
8
29
30
2
6
65
154
2,450
544
13
37
396
1,540
558
115
776
967
1,789
226
8
113
589
4
o
15
26
3
1
9
466
8
6
7
3
6
71
20
150
158
24
2
73
3,798
130
40
152
10
6
54
1
46
6
27
28
2
14
9
o
4
17
8
528
11
o
20
2
6
621
15
4
3
515
2, 395
708
98
1,145
1, 101
1,678
193
9
107
649
12
625
39
7
11
1
2
1
17
611
17
• 5
18
1
1
2
3
194
13
7
6
1
1
112
6
4
1
1
3
1
7
3
6
2
5
5
5
5
5
69
614
o
6
2
1
1
61
36
5J3
32
70
47
454
30
7
49
44
17
1
3
32
41
294
°8
10
4
8
6
1
1
1
35
425
9
1
0
4
1
3
12
78, 629
2, 869
', 87,963
3,113
81, 845
3,744
81, 973
3, 672
74, 708
2,812
68,038
2,006
74, 388
1,766
833, 841
27, (i44
274
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLIII.— CENTRAL REGION— Concluded.
YEAH
1862.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
183, 580.
169, 038.
213, 107.
311, 780.
330, 950.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases, j Deaths.'
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
40, 955
1,230
33, 848
958
2
51, 394
1,157
77, 838
18
462
225
70
31
2^9
244
1, 344
925
474
12
16
1
1
16
119
44
11
1,782
1
79, 262
15
810
214
101
31
252
S2o
2,651
818
309
28
39
5
16
57
2,535
1
3
6
15
7
10
o
6
3
14
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
191
128
70
12
190
109
959
407
249
6
10
3
5
4
2
2
4
2
8
132
73
32
12
147
99
C93
353
285
1
5
1
3
0
3
4
4
234
119
50
7
269
144
851
266
3
18
8
1
1
9
3
1nr' *ujjammd*!°
7
15
11
3
1
10
3
4
107' n {mma!° „ " . T
n mm i "
1 , ' D amma ion .1 c ae ^
3
4
1
4
1
1
11° Piles
2
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
J] ' ^)t.,,e|l
"• Tt • ' TV
I
2
' * *
1
102
32
9
12
107
8
77
24
28
20
87
6
1
1
1
73
6
11
129
o
1
149
53
4
1
1
1
27
1
167
14
4
15
99
16
6
30
1
18
29
40
668
383
OUDEli VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
io~ 0 ' ^
.
7
*
ination of Bon
4
5
17
11
565
23°
1C
3
485
269
23
17
5
2
1
3
o
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
6
1
529
288
4
875
414
163
74
257
92
329
17
2
13° Boils
100
67
361
53
209
17
1
108
67
311
43
175
7
116
84
655
41
206
1C
117
128
134 Whitlow
1
o
1
1
3
2G2
CLASS V. —WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
o
1
3
107
12
3
1
1
3
1
3
5
139. Drowning
140. Sprains
100
64
26
81
33
50
0-7
308
63
81
o
395
147
190
55
20
106
141. Dislocation
28
54
42
142. Simple Fractures
51
71
5
2,944
161
563
98
21
1
3
583
50
134
28
4
1
201
143. Compound Fractures
1
1,129
113
206
64
18
92
315
127
48
497
104
190
41
74
77
121
0
13
8
145. Incised Wounds
178
27
37
115
3
1
3
7
4
2
7
4
8
4
8
11
188
20
150. ORDER II. — Homicide
101. ORDER III.— Suicide
2
0
3
132. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence
Total
46, 157
1,344
38, 527
1,085
58, 021
1,354
88, 930
2,672
88, 743
2, 857
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
275
TABLE XLIIL— CENTRAL REGION— Concluded.
1863.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
353, 713.
372, 898.
376, 676.
382, 583.
386, 934.
381, 534.
363, 444.
318,853.
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
78, 629
28
1,116
270
108
62
314
270
1,990
831
188
50
15
14
7
39
208
CO
45
07
110
17
6
51
2,869
2
3
10
19
3
8
19
1
10
87, 963
56
1,138
226
177
36
257
247
1,613
1,011
329
1 "-
26
22
30
63
210
75
57
3,113
o
2
15
24
10
6
8
81, 845
58
1, 100
232
144
18
209
232
1,334
1 051
3,744
4
5
12
23
6
10
8
9
84, 973
61
978
209
148
27
234
245
1,313
1,075
357
82
48
38
11
56
215
77
57
35
25
31
16
67
5
27
8
512
575
84
148
238
137
392
14
3,672
5
o
28
20
12
4
11
8
1
4
74, 708
76
891
234
155
26
224
213
1,030
988
291
49
29
41
6
49
231
53
60
16
26
23
10
76
5
42
2,812
o
68, 038
36
633
143
147
16
159
171
720
891
269
28
12
24
4
31
143
27
34
10
44
11
3
68
6
24
19
8
515
799
67
157
149
2,006
74,388
61
392
183
137
34
138
143
651
908
149
42
19
18
3
25
156
33
41
17
26
7
3
55
3
24
11
t>
1,766
12
1
13
19
11
4
1
0
4
15
1
833, 841
409
8, 077
2,256
1,339
312
2,622
2,340
15, 149
9, 890
3,483
438
271
204
86
403
1,942
567
431
273
1,000
186
72
481
45
190
263
159
6,871
6,221
1,093
1,380
27, 644
31
129
184
94
56
51
91
17
79
6
10
19
1
3
36
9
" 1
2
16
5
6
5
6
1
3
1
1
4
17
11
10
8
6
1
6
5
1
1
o
317
65
34
33
8
66
259
67
60
28
83
26
4
2
3
6
1
1
2
o
1
1
1
1
3
7
5
1
8
5
1
1
1
1
42
1
97
25
1
1
2
6
13
59
11
45
16
28
25
18
464
531
72
119
292
116
336
3
1
1
3
1
3
4
1
47
1
1
1
1
4
23
19
699
512
71
98
252
98
380
18
3
o
30
21
22
6
586
560
56
128
4
1
8
468
668
76
163
232
r»
6
505
990
63
147
297
3
1
o
284
144
338
18
1
3
3
3
4
3,590
1, 153
4,312
174
4
18
19
38
79
1
18
58
3,855
67
225
55
14
141
13
48
7
1
1
6
3
1
6
23
110
512
9
111
502
20
0
101
506
19
5
2
5
13
2
13
2
4
9
1
9
1
1
6
485
3
3
6
4
8
6
10
1
339
58
117
18
4,935
178
454
74
18
329
395
344
41
50
6
376
149
137
53
24
131
464
34
64
13
429
177
103
47
35
140
477
44
79
13
790
182
103
61
8
113
562
38
94
48
7, 898
184
109
158
39
94
426
27
64
47
2,595
154
101
59
43
62
3,846
471
860
172
25, 461
1,863
2,513
796
365
1,633
37
85
19
3, 158
187
179
59
29
189
2
1
7
232
2
3
4
7
118
1
1
3
4
151
3
2
2
4
684
26
643
5
14
1
2
12
1
5
512
1
39
3
2
22
1
3
1
o
1
10
1
2
1
14
10
1
10
3
11
1
4
3
1
93, 153
3,564
100, 422
li
3,925
90, 656
4,129
94, 045
3,974
83, 711
3,088
83, 263
2,622
83, 875
2,598
949, 503
33, 212
SICKNESS, ETC., DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G3. 277
PACIFIC REGION.
The reports from the Pacific Region have been consolidated into two tables, as
follows :
1. The Department of New Mexico - Table XLIV.
2. The Department of the Pacific - Table XLV.
To which is added —
3. A consolidated table for the Pacific Region - Table XL VI.
1. THE DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO — TABLE XLIV.
This table embraces all reports received from stations in New Mexico and Colorado.
January 14, 1863, the district of western Arizona was added to the Department by
General Orders No. 13. It has still, however, been consolidated with the Department
of the Pacific.
2. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC — TABLE XLV.
This table includes all reports received from stations west of the Rocky Mountains
which are not embraced in the Department of New Mexico.
CONSOLIDATED TABLE FOR THE UNITED STATES— TABLE XLVII.
This table is prepared by consolidating tables XXXIII, XLIII, and XL VI
278
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLIV.
Abstract of the /Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
18G2.
MOXTIf
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
4,313.
3, 856.
3, 143.
3,501.
3, 814.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OKDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
2
2
1
2
16
3
1
1
1
6
17
2
o' 'rJTP>10 v
10
5
1
4
5. Remittent Fever
16
32
25
43
47
21
1
55
47
12
33
8
11
42
C
7
7
68
2
140
145
87
6
14
75
1
34
3
C2
22
3
1
15
2
. '
1
' °u \ ^sr Jr
3
6
1
1
1
1
1
9
1
13
4
55
16
37
49
9
79
16
48
56
8
23
q
20
31
69
5
ORDEH II. — Enthetie Diseases.
22 Syphilis
20
38
43
7
38
2
24. Orchitis
27. Serpent Bito
28. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy.
90
517
20
7
5
30. Purpura
1
15
1
1
32. Inebriation
1
2
5
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
47
14
40
14
53
37
21
31
21
37. Chronic Kheumatism
38. Anaemia
39. General Dropsy
40. Cancer
1
1
41. Tumors
3
3
o
2
2
1
42. Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
1
ORDEU II. — Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
4
1
44. Scrofula
1
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch
47. Tape-worm
48. Other Intestinal Worms
1
3
|
1
1
1
49. Other Diseases of this Order
548
1
987
1
489
4
419
1
452
4
DUKING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G3.
279
TABLE XLIV.
of the Department of New Mexico.
1863.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
4, 133.
4, 758.
4, 567.
4, 294.
3, 057.
3, 244.
2, 468.
3, 762.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
24
25
20
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
Dases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
2ases.
Deaths.
3ases.
Deaths.
Uases.
Deaths.
3ases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
4
3
1
0
1
1
49
3
92
'5
1
1 '
26
6
4
7
7
15
14
11
6
4
2
57
12
9
4
4
1°
1
25
3
24
9
6
1
54
7
4
5
15
10
14
6
4
11
8
]
1
61
4
9
230
242
149
58
8
812
73
275
24
I
6
12
15
2
7
Ifi
3
3
33
o
9
1
1
77
3
20
1
1
4
1
51
5
16
1
42
1
8
2
1
7
8
3
2
2
4
2
22
46
10
5
4
1
50
4
185
6
48
77
6
2
30
60
4
800
160
473
604
82
9
75
27
36
50
8
1
1°8
90
9
63
44
10
1
82
78
2
37
33
10
2
°8
8
58
Cl
7
1
11
44
7
7
34
40
3
2
1
1
2
8
7
6
3
2
17
1
1
1
5
19
732
3
32
26
1
7
8
11
3
3
1
9
1
1
0
16
68
1
1
6
6
1
42
16
61
09
51
20
35
20
18
41
15
23
15
2
1
481
226
8
1
4
11
8
13
13
31
4
2
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
43
4
45
40
47
48
49
1
1
o
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
o
1
9
1
1
1
1
C54
18
423
1
477
2
440
1
345
396
1
289
2
5,919
280
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TKOOPS
TABLE XLIV.— DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO— Continued.
YKAI;
1863.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
4, 313.
3, 856.
3, 143.
3, 501.
3, 814.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
548
1
987
1
489
4
419
1
452
4
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
• I ei y
8
4
10
1
1
1
1
1
56. Inflammation o p
o
4
7
16
5
1
3
„ 1
2
2
1
1
OUDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
19
20
18
20
9
' n a • *• • J
1
1
3
7
4
8
3
5
3
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
1
1
1
3
6
7
6
2
1
ORDER IV.— Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
~r n f IT
rSJ f P • a r ^
~- i fl l y f f P • • i'
78 Inflann fen of Eudo • dium
80 Vorieo V '
o
1
1
25
1
1
o
4
1
OUDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83 Asthma
31
34
3
86. Dropsy of Chest
88. Inflammation of Larynx
2
4
3
1
3
1
1
1
3
4
1
90. Inflammation of Pleura
91. HEBmorrhajrc from Lunps
. 2
92. Other Diseases of this Order
o
3
8
52
1
ORDEII VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
5
65
6
G
48
6
94. Constipation
49
1
16
9,"). Cholera Morbus
90. Cirrhosis of Liver
9
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
98. D vspepsia
3
1
8
G
5
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
1
101 . Fistula in A no
1
1
1
3
1
102. Hernia
4
3
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
722
1
1,157
2
653
4
529
1
511
5
1
DURING THE YEAK ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
281
TABLE XLIV.— DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO— Continued
1869.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUART.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
4, 133.
4, 758.
4, 567.
4, 294.
3, 057.
3, 244.
2, 468.
3, 762.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
73
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
67
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
423
C54
1
477
2
440
1
345
1
2
2
1
396
1
289
1
2
4
2
5,919
2
10
52
6
3
1
0
2
65
5
18
1
1
3
4
1
1
8
1
1
1
3
7
1
2
1
1
2
1
3
1
6
4
4
5
5
3
3
o
2
6
1
1
229
11
o
18
25
26
2
26
3
1
2
1
1
24
22
23
4
24
2
21
o
18
2
11
1
1
4
1
1
1
2
1
3
2
3
1
3
1
1
6
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
2
1
1
1
12
4
156
5
1
3
1
1
1
1
6
2
13
1
3
G
11
17
2
5
1
1
o
12
78
28
4
109
52
653
25
1
5
2
1
41
8
6
o
4
1
6
5
1
31
7
1
2
6
3
3
5
5
1
8
1
1
32
13
1
43
1
43
8
45
1
4
6
71
1
4
83
1
2
6
72
77
2
6
1]
4
7
C
5
4
66
1
o
3
33
3
8
1
3
1
1
523
2
803
3
6C6
7
622
3
492
5
5C8
o
426
4
7, 672 3D
282
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLIV.— DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO— Concluded.
YEAR
1869.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
4,313.
3, 856.
3, 143.
3, 501.
3, 814.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
722
1
1,157
o
C53
4
529
1
511
5
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
\m ®morr ?*e r°"
6
7
5
1
1
107 iV"11'""^!! of Bowels
1
1
1
1
1
o
1
' U a .
2
3
4
5
6
1
1
4
16
' ir°"C
1
16
2
1
7
2
8
6
1
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
118 Diseases of Testis
r>
1
122 Hydrocelo .
1
123 Other Diseases of this Order
11
2
7
4
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
o
127. Inflammation of Bones
129. Necrosis
130. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess . . .
G
5
13
3
1
o
17
32
14
132. Boils
1
133. Carbuncle
134. Whitlow
7
22
\
5
3
5
135. Skiu Diseases
16
1
17
1
4
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
137. Contusions
9
27
14
16
138. Concussion of Brain
1
139. Drowning
140. Sprains
2
4
3
1
1
3
1
3
141. Dislocation
142. Simple Fractures
1
2
3
143. Compound Fractures
144. Gunshot Wounds
9
1
19
o
2
3
10
6
13
1
o
1*
11
10
11
1
15
3
1
145. Incised Wounds
_
146. Lacerated Wounds
r
8
1
1
147. Punctured Wounds
1
2
148. Poisoning
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
1
4
150. ORDER II.— Homicide
151. ORDEB III.— Suicide
152. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence
Total
841
5
1,285
4
775
6
651
1
594
6
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
283
TABLE XLIV.— DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO— Concluded.
1863.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
4,133.
4,758.
4, 567.
4, 294.
3, 057.
3, 244.
2, 468.
3, 762.
104
105
106
107
108
109
no
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
!•.'!>
121
122
123
12-1
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
1:11;
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
523
o
803
3
666
7
622
3
492
5
568
o
426
4
7,672
39
6
g
16
o
7
13
2
8
6
1
11
4
1
11
1
1
92
17
6
2
11
19
61
89
15
4
2
1
1
2
1
1
6
18
2
3
1
2
1
2
1
8
6
1
10
10
3
5
7
1
5
1
6
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
I
2
1
5
5
1
1
27
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
5
159
31
12
20
83
10
270
3
1
1
3
1
13
3
1
13
4
o
13
8
6
7
6
7
2
1
2
11
3
2
2
1
32
1
8
2
4
o
4
1
28
5
3
27
7
42
23
21
14
1
1
1
2
24
9
2
20
2
6
9
1
2
20
11
o
10
4
1
2
113
17
21
1
1
7
1
9
3
7
11
22
7
3
8
o
8
9
12
3
1
19
1
6
4
14
4
6
5
6
3
4
110
59
6
146
22
12
16
2
1
1
1
3
1
o
o
3
1
1
C51
0
975
3
777
7
89
4
603
6
689
3
514
5
9,144
52
284
SICKNESS AND. MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLV.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1869.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
5, 359.
5, 166.
5, 792.
6, 671.
6, 037.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
ieaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
16
o
1
12
20
3
1
5
1
9
19
9
16
5. Remittent Fever
7
36
23
1
35
79
61
35
1
1
143
5
44
6
7
38
38
54
5
14
41
48
6
1
135
27
17
2
153
11
26
8
4
1
138
2
29
4
3
128
8
*,O
4
2
1
6
O1?
5
6
1
1
. *L
1
3
1
1
12
48
C3
54
6
1
45
62
35
67
64
13
4
16
77
89
10
5
36
78
61
9
o
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
64
14
4
2
1
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29 Scurvy
13
10
1
1
8
30. Purpura
7
10
3
9
4
8
3
6
C
17
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS 11.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35 Gout
1
33
60
32
55
43
81
63
97
71
39. Getitral Dropsy
o
1
1
2
6
3
1
1
2
2
5
6
1
3
4
3
5
o
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
1
1
9
2
45 Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS 111.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
4G Itch.
48 Other Intestinal Worms
1
2
2
1
573
o
638
2
704
716
4
698
2
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
285
TABLE XLV.
of the Department of the Pacific.
1862.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
5, 709.
5, 437.
5, 276.
5, 153.
5, 666.
6, 757.
4, 332.
5, 613.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Case*.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
1!)
20
21
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
3
1
o
2
1
65
5
77
o
1
2
3
8
o
2
4
•
13
30
22
2
70
4
9
3
4
3
26
6
11
15
14
9
16
3
1
34
5
8
1
3
20
31
19
26
36
14
1
5
56
18
35
273
381
294
23
1
8
1
2
53
4
8
2
21
14
1,069
53
225
38
50
1
12
2
1
227
1
43
5
18
o
28
88
1
15
1
1
3
10
2
8
6
C
1
1
2
1
3
4
1
2
1
6
23
6
46
115
70
106
18
68
35
21
3
52
°8
14
68
5
53
96
10
1
o
78
18
43
48
8
2
75
4
58
64
12
477
260
789
748
124
12
73
58
10
o
20
1
3
61
73
4
2
2
o
1
86
42
1
7
5
1
1
29
4
3
5
36
62
1G4
4
1
4
1
1
0
1
1
17
11
1
1
6
11
1
1
31
3
18
0
2
19
1
8
9
3
1
15
3
46
34
10
29
37
1
40
41
3
15
640
522
55
44
66
37
34
35
44
33
6
9
4
0
29
2
2
1
3
1
5
1
3
o
1
2
4
4
6
3
1
1
2
1
o
6
1
2
3
40
31
7
1
o
1
1
.->
5
5
13
3
1
1
1
4
1
421
471
2
588
2
490
o
463
553
3
527
1
6,842
20
286
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLV.— DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC— Continued.
YEAU
180^.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
5, 359.
5, 166.
5, 792.
6, 671.
6, 037.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Brou ht forward
573
3
1
27
1
o
1
638
2
704
1
716
4
698
0
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
2
3
16
o
10
1
14
1
10
1
' ' f Af ' V> f T5 '
o
X 1
18
oo
30
3
18
1
O"7
rq *"•
0
1
4
1
o
1
1
5
ORDER II.— Diseases of Eye.
1
2
1
18
3
33
3
21
3
21
o
20
' ^ a . f T • J
4
2
1
1
3
1
3
6
1
1
2
4
10
3
4
1
1
3
4
1
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
5
1
o
1
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
o
1
4
6
142
82. Other Diseases of this Order
11
1
65
4
1
3
2
61
5
o
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83 Asthma
4
102
3
107
o
85. Chronic Bronchitis .. ..
7
1
86. Dropsy of Chest
87. Hccmorrhage from Nose
o
88. Inflammation of Larynx ..
1
4
7
3
2
6
74
5
1
3
4
4
2
5
3
3
2
20
75
1
1
6
2
o
11
1
18
3
89. Inflammation of Lungs
90. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Haemorrhage from Lun^s
92. Other Diseases of this Order
2
10
121
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
7
98
8
11
75
94. Constipation
95. Cholera Morbus
6
1
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
'"^7. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
1
25
1
98. Dyspepsia
16
13
11
7
99. Diseases of Panorcas
100. Diseases of Spleen
1
2
4
1
101. Fistula in Ano
o
3
1
102. Hernia
3
1
3
7
103. Hajmorrhags from Stomach
4
Carried forward
874
4
939
o
1,073
1,021
5
1,116
4
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
287
TABLE XLV.— DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC— Continued.
1863.
18G3.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCII.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
5, 709.
5, 437.
5, 276.
5, 153.
5, 666.
6, 757.
4, 332.
5, 613.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
05
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
)eaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
471
o
588
1
1
8
2
490
**
463
553
3
527
1
1
421
6,842
5
23
20
2
4
8
1
12
2
11
2
4
8
1
1
24
10
153
9
1
2
3
1
232
15
1
24
6
3
259
21
3
16
27
1
1
1
1
1
19
2
1
1
14
o
18
2
11
1
12
21
22
1
1
o
" 1
3
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
i
21
2
1
35
1
1
3
3
1
2
o
23
1
17
14
2
15
21
3
2
2
1
o
3
4
2
2
1
3
1
2
1
1
4
32
23
15
1
o
4
3
1
1
1
o
3
1
0
1
1
1
1
12
3
3
4
9
27
24
841
48
1
1
1
1
4
2
182
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
21
3
57
4
1
40
7
17
4
11
2
36
9
1
10
8
7
1
37
4
77
1
10
9
11
I
8
8
74
3
1
1
3
6
1
5
75
50
97
23
20
9
11
6
0
12
0
3
7
1
4
4
67
o
2
1
3
7
2
2
6
50
0
10
o
1
5
83
1
3
3
44
1
80
97
898
oq
13
60
1
160
1
1
8
1
7
G
8
13
29
17
If
1
2
8
50
G
9
5
0
3
3
2
1
4
1
880
3
761
2
645
3
642
842
5
822
3
661
1
10, 276
32
288
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLV.— DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC— Concluded.
YEAK
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
5, 359. .
5, 166.
5, 792.
6, 671.
6, 037.
MEAN" bTRENGTH
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
874
4
939
2
1,073
1,021
5
1,116
4
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
17
11
14
22
19
19
2
1
3
4
18
8
2
16
8
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
14
1
6
2
3
1
7
1
1
3
3
19
5
19
1
1
18
7
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
0
1
1
2
6
1
4
1
16
1
11
1
0
123 Other Diseases of this Order . ...
1
7
8
fi
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
125 Caries .
129. Necrosis
130. Other Diseases of this Order ..
1
12
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess
1°
1°
16
19
1
3
15
19
18
1
4
10
3
44
1
132. Boils
20
2
1°
15
6
8
21
133. Carbuncle
3
14
21
134. Whitlow
7
oo
135. Skin Diseases
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
4
43
1
3
1
29
1
35
1
137. Contusions
40
138. Concussion of Brain
139. Drowning
140. Sprains
13
2
3
18
3
3
15
20
1
5
23
141. Dislocation
1
7
142. Simple Fractures
6
143. Compound Fractures
144. Gunshot Wounds
5
11
19
o
7
10
24
3
11
2
7
14
17
2
7
o
1
4
16
15
12
3
145. Incised Wounds
146. Lacerated Wounds
1
17
3
4
8
147. Punctured Wounds
4
148. Poisoning
3
4
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
3
150. ORDER II. — Homicide
151. ORDER III. — Suicide
152. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence
Total
1, 109 6
1,204
5
1,319
1
1,263
7
1,375
8
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
289
TABLE XLV.— DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC— Concluded.
1869.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
5, 709.
5, 437.
5, 276.
5, 153.
5, 666.
6, 757.
4,332.
5, 613.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths -
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
140
147
148
149
]50
151
152
880
3
761
o
645
3
642
842
5
822
3
661
1
10, 276
32
17
4
0
1
7
7
1
20
7
1
18
2
2
23
3
15
3
23
2
2
22
1
1
1
4
4
12
220
91
21
3
36
36
17
163
55
3
8
2
2
o
18
10
1
7
73
6
1
5
1
1
1
2
3
3
1
1
2
I
8
1
3
9
8
2
1
1
7
4
2
1
1
4
1
4
5
16
7
15
13
6
3
4
7
1
1
1
2
2
2
0
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
2
1
1
5
1
7
3
1
o
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
215
1
14
3
1
4
9
1
10
8
1
8
9
5
63
I
1
17
14
13
11
35
19
21
34
]0
3
154
17
59
146
38
502
10
2
3
6
2
11
5
51
3
3
8
3
10
o
9
4
44
1
36
60
28
5
1
2
1
4
14
15
15
11
14
1
2
25
20
203
1
8
1
5
3
1
18
54
6
6
o
6
17
17
3
1
10
1
48
9
13
4
2
8
8
23
o
8
6
12
o
10
7
8
1
2
3
1
9
7
5
2
2
4
4
3
7
3
1
o
1
125
130
181
30
41
134
23
20
1
3
5
5
o
81
7
1
1
1
8
5
1
1, 120
7
1,107
4
831
11
850
2
1,047
8
1,042
13
846
5
13, 119
77
37
290
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLVI.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR - •
1863.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEA\ STRENGTH
9,672.
9, 022.
8, 935.
10, 172.
9, 851.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
2
18
3
°1
1
28
3
1
27
1
20
1
9
o
1
19
14
1
°3
60
70
1
134
108
47
1
1
230
11
58
6
8
1
9
71
56
47
55
68
45
46
64
21
65
5
8
6
1
197
28
30
10
7
13
o
298
1
206
203
4
169
4
6
6
12
9
62
7
o
o
1
1
41
8
5
1
o
1
5
3
1
55
32
114
138
19
5
1
79
52
12
71
83
92
1
54
100
107
21
4
61
D8
133
18
4
OKDEII II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22 Syphilis
126
117
17
2
24. Orchitis
8
25. Stricture of the Urethra
27. Serpent Bite
2
1
28. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy ...
103
527
20
8
1
13
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens
7
11
3
11
5
23
3
11
7
18
32. Inebriation
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
1
73
36. Acute Rheumatism
107
46
108
55
118
84
128
37. Chronic Rheumatism
66
92
38. Anaemia
39. General Dropsy
2
40. Cancer
1
1
o
o
41. Tumors
4
5
4
7
7
3
3
6
2
42. Other Diseases of this Order .
o
ORDER 11. — Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
10
3
1
3
10
4
o
44. Scrofula
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
40. Itch
47. Tape- \vorm
48. Other Intestinal Worms
2
5
1
3
0
49. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
1,121
3
1,625
3
1,193
4
1,135
5
1,150
6
DUBING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
291
TABLE XLVI.
of the Pacific Region.
1862.
18G3.
DECEMBEU.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
9, 842.
10, 195.
9, 843.
9, 447.
8, 723.
10, 001.
6, 800.
9, 375.
1
o
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
23
24
25
20
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
>eaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
7
1
5
1
o
4
1
2
7
2
114
8
169
7
2
1
34
8
11
7
15
27
41
28
6
4
127
16
18
7
6
4
2
15
32
35
17
7
36
17
3
3
61
2
12
17
33
25
9
2
88
12
12
35
46
26
36
50
20
°2
503
623
443
79
22
1,881
126
500
62
72
47
22
2
81
231
1,277
420
1,262
1,352
206
38
4
3
24
768
78
232
1
46
16
2
3
114
8
17
2
2
1
6
133
5
30
2
8
4
1
2
1
2
1
4
3
94
10
34
9
16
3
1
130
1
9
17
1
3
1
4
1
6
3
4
3
6
5
1
1
1
50
50
300
26
30
70
234
1
6
51
10
95
113
7
4
2
6
75
39
109
108
18
3
52
28
157
15
14
146
7
90
129
20
168
27
106
92
26
126
96
28
4
1
2
3
134
119
13
5
1
1
81
108
19
1
1
18
3
1
3
2
1
8
7
6
3
2
19
1
33
1
17
17
5
2G
2
6
3
1
1
7
13
1
38
11
29
5
18
3
28
1
1
8
15
3
1
5
1
15
1 121
1
3
81
65
2
10
49
55
1
81
56
3
97
60
127
66
4
2
85
f>7
48
8
1
55
748
17
5
6
23
37
53
44
2
1
o
2
1
4
4
6
1
6
3
o
4
1
3
4
6
4
1
7
0
1
1
1
2
3
4
1
8
1
1
o
1
1
1
o
7
6
22
3
1
0
o
4
1
894
2
1,242
3
967
4
903
1
898
3
923
2
710
2
12, 761
?8
292
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TKOOPS
TABLE XLVI.— PACIFIC REGION— Continued.
YKAK
1862.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
9,672.
9, 022.
8, 935.
10, 172.
9, 851.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1,121
3
1
35
1
3
1
1, G25
3
1,193
1
2
24
4
1,135
5
1,150
6
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDEU I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
o
3
17
o
14
10
1
1
1
°_" n am . .
2
1
1
2
23
29
o
46
3
30
e-
2
3
6
1
3
1
2
5
o
OKDEU H. — Diseases of Eye.
1
1
27
3
41
3
1
2
6
13
1
8
39
2
40
4
o
65 I fl i of I ' J
3
4
13
4
2
6
7
7
10
3
10
1
o
1
o
OKDEH III. — Diseases of Ear.
4
6
4
o
*a n ° °
71
3
ORDEH IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
74 Vilvulnr Di-ease of Heart
~" D -f- -ID'-
7C DroV of Pericardium
.
1
1
2
1
78 Inflammation of Fiidop-irdium
1
2
60 Varicose Vein
1
1
1
o
1
8
7
145
82. Other Diseases of this Order
13
1
96
4
1
3
2
95
3
4
109
2
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma
84. Acute Bronchitis
127
85. Chronic Bronchitis
5
7
1
86. Dropsy of Chest
87. Haemorrhage from Nose
2
3
7
7
4
8
15
88. Inflammation of Larynx
1
5
8
3
4
11
139
11
2
8
3
5
2
26
2
4
6
o
11
18
3
fa9. Inflammation of Lungs
1
1
90. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Hocmorrhape from Lunps
92. Other Diseases of this Order
3
16
124
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
12
94. Constipation
350
17
123
12
137
1
95. Cholera Morbus
1
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
1
33
1
98. Dyspepsia
19
14
17
1°
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
1
3
9
1
1
1
8
4
101. Fistula in Ano
3
4
4
10
102. Hernia
7
1
j 1,596
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
5
2,096
4
1,726
4
1,550
6
1,627
9
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G3.
293
TABLE XLVL— PACIFIC REGION— Continued.
18(^3.
18(53.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
9, 842.
10, 195.
9, 843.
9, 447.
8, 723.
10, 001.
6, 800.
9, 375.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
1)9
100
101
102
103
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. 1 Deaths.
894
2
1,242
1
4
12
3
967
4
903
1
898
1
4
13
3
3
923
1
710
1
3
2
12, 761
7
33
210
15
4
3
5
3
297
20
1
30
7
4
488
32
5
34
52
58
25
41
4
1
4
38
5
9
2
20
5
11
1
17
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
23
1
1
17
3
24
15
1
17
26
25
4
1
o
o
0
1
2
2
3
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
39
4
o
45
1
40
4
38
4
36
o
59
1
1
6
3
2
3
2
32
1
1
3
0
8
1
2
4
1
5
3
7
3
o
4
1
3
1
1
3
4
o
1
4
o
2
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
5
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
Ifi
4
3
5
10
39
3
1
1
1
7
0
195
4
1
2
1
1
1
o
1
1
2
1
23
6
1
1
57
9
2
2
24
3
68
4
17
2
41
9
997
53
" 0
1
18
15
13
o
7
87
128
125
27
20
13
11
6
8
12
13
8
9
10
14
10
1
41
10
148
1
8
11
o
1
1
33
17
2
46
11
89
3
1
o
5
1
11
o
1
9
12
157
3
2
6
115
1
15
45
4
139
o
1
12
189
149
1,551
54
1
7
93
3
o
19
137
1
2-J6
1
I
14
1
18
]0
15
19
34
21
0
4
11
83
7
12
13
5
4
2
1
4
1
1
1,564
1, 403
5
5
1,311
10
1,264
3
1,334
10
1,390
5
1,087
5
17, 948
71
294
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLVL— PACIFIC REGION— Concluded.
YEAR
1869.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
9 672.
9, 022.
8, 935.
10, 172.
9, 851.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1,596
5
2,096
4
1,726
4
1,550
6
1,627
9
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
femo T ago
23
11
1
21
27
20
19
2
1
3
8
16
19
8
o
22
o
1
1
5
1
35
16
8
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
15
7
1
3
6
6
6
20
2
1
1
6
2
7
20
1
7
2
1
7
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
2
1
4
6
2
4
1
27
1
13
1
2
14
1
6
1
12
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
o
1
18
25
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess
25
29
15
48
20
33
18
1
7
15
3
60
1
132. Boils . . .
15
4
16
37
4
57
1
o
6
9
26
1
56
1
3
19
1
49
1
134. Whitlow
14
44
4
52
1
135. Skin Diseases
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
137. Contusions
138. Concussion of Brain
1
139. Drowning
140. Sprains
15
o
22
18
6
7
23
26
1
10
141. Dislocation
3
5
o
142. Simple Fractures
4
5
143. Compound Fractures
144. Gunshot Wounds
14
12
38
4
5
4
3
17
16
37
4
13
3
1
18
24
1
21
27
15
4
145. Incised Wounds
146. Lacerated Wounds
1
28
3
°0
147. Punctured Wounds
5
4
4
4
148. Poisoning
7
2
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
3
8
150. ORDER II. — Homicide
151. ORDER III. — Suicide
152. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence
Total
1,950
11
2, 489
9
2,094
7
1,914
8
1,969
14
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 3863.
295
TABLE XLVL-- PACIFIC REGION— Concluded.
1803.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
9, 842.
10, 195.
9, 843.
9, 447.
8, 723.
10, 001.
6,800.
9, 375.
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1,403
5
1,564
5
1,311
10
1,264
3
1,334
10
1,390
5
1,087
5
17, 948
71
6
2
1
7
8
9
26
7
2
34
4
3
1
8
o
30
3
28
5
31
8
3
33
5
0
23
1
2
312
108
27
5
47
55
78
252
1
4
3
3
1
1
1
2
1
7
5
o
1
2
4
6
14
4
3
2
6
33
6
1
4
6
18
7
1
1
6
5
19
9
1
13
19
8
1
1
12
4
70
7
10
2
0
2
23
15
2
8
100
7
1
7
1
1
3
9
374
185
29
79
229
I
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
4
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
3
1
6
1
5
1
8
3
1
1
2
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
26
3
1
4
16
1
34
6
2
1
28
17
26
11
43
25
0
41
18
9
5
7
4
78
1
1°
3
9
17
2
15
6
79
n
3
8
11
56
5
14
4
42
11
5
76
1
48
772
13
83
84
0
1
5
4
1
2
1
38
9
8
35
24
31
25
3
2
35
1
6
24
4
3
316
35
75
3
14
1
8
3
!
13
18
26
6
1
11
1
55
20
35
2
15
11
31
4
2
9
8
14
21
32
5
5
7
2
13
8
27
2
]5
11
19
6
o
4
9
12
1
235
189
327
52
53
150
29
9
4
6
8
1
1
4
1
84
3
2
6
1
1
4
1
1
1
5
1
1
2,082
1,777
9
7
1,608
18
1,639
6
1,^50
14
1,731
16
1,360
10
1
22,263
129
296
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLVII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YE AII
1869.
JULY.
A UGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH, (not including Tables XXXII and JTLII)
420,671.
345, 010.
451, 126.
599, 182.
630, 692.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
2,695
114
2,283
o
8,376
5,213
4,469
703
890
31
29
o
102
13
5
1,710
137
1,477
153
5,818
5,085
4,295
393
175
19, 402
3,619
2,874
481
228
17
99
o
631
35
31
30
81
21
14
2
62
80
315
77
66
7
7
2
1,377
26
1,451
147
7,135
9,208
7,189
1,010
339
32, 085
4,549
5,461
650
0*7 O
26
206
4
579
22
68
40
99
6
13
2
89
110
375
151
110
10
12
4
3,368
82
1,982
70
9,763
14, 532
11,468
1,196
571
41, 069
6,127
8,754
1,176
329
1,859
4
125
749
4,038
3,481
1,348
o (j3o
862
28
79
19
130
11
13
4
123
115
596
154
15
6
50
3,633
52
1,867
10
7,286
10, 682
9,028
939
321
31, 263
5, 474
5,816
956
458
51
3,230
26
217
1,803
7,788
2,413
1,438
o 44p
1,181
36
84
9
132
25
o
114
66
704
105
146
36
16
170
32
3
82
5
9. Congestive Intermittent Fever
301
34, 119
4,700
4,586
695
317
32
191
1
S2
75
270
62
45
13
10
2
17. Scarlet Fever
18. Diphtheria
4
34
4
333
2
29
5
2
142
5
450
134
178
314
4,239
963
1 956
339
6,057
717
1 1°6
78
21 Other Diseases of this Order
103
4,197
65'1
91
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22 Syphilis
23. Gonorrhoea
1,017
398
40
24. Orchitis
264
56
°12
330
66
39
4
265
6
91
116
7
25
8
4,124
4,156
778
266
13
59
194
468
128
14
149
389
25. Stricture of the Urethra
37
83
50
2G. Purulent Ophthalmia
27. Serpent Bite
7
12
1,674
8
4
1,122
1
9
447
28. Other Diseases of this Order
1
8
1
11
36
268
9
69
84
26
2
4
1
12
3
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
9
7
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens
58
74
8
2
58
71
9
66
60
8
6
3'2. Inebriation
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
4
12
2
2
133
11
4,592
4,882
838
236
18
39
160
558
129
14
°44
4
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER l.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
14
3,102
2,489
226
294
3
74
290
370
122
27
1,418
3,470
197
218
37
33
105
246
80
36. Acute Rheumatism
3
5
6
6
4
4
g
4
2,406
2,469
329
217
4
30
187
301
78
9
3
10
2
1"
o
3
13
7
1
1
7
153
o
3
11
7
18
5
1
37. Chronic Rheumatism
38. Anaemia
39. General Dropsy
40. Cancer
41. Tumors
1
4
90
2
1
42. Other Diseases of this Order
6
84
2
11
94
2
1
8
180
3
1
ORDER II.— Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
44. Scrofula
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch
47. Tape-worm
11
109
17
77
48. Other Intestinal Worms
70
52
68
49. Other Diseases of this Order
3
Carried forward
86, 685
1,865
57, 417
1,686
85, 722
1,995
126, 209
2,802
110,149
3,224
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G3.
297
TABLE XLVIL
of the United States Army.
1862.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
725, 171.
743, 013.
737, 769.
744, 780.
71 1, 257.
675, 719.
587, 510.
614, 325.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
.24
*.t>
26
27
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
3, 853
75
2,081
1,225
35
108
3,665
99
2,564
1, 122
26
128
3,460
101
2,501
1, L50
56
161
3,377
129
2,236
1,063
56
165
2,253
48
1,819
813
21
128
1,610
65
1,566
'487
108
1,165
24
1,519
480
86
32,166
952
23,346
382
86, 240
100, 144
82, 460
9,872
3,959
381, 879
64, 531
66, 490
8, 979
6,728
2,893
17, 560
207
2,469
14, 135
56,566
30, 444
14, 278
22, 419
3,462
783
1,104
29
433
7 729
301
815
1,289
226
569
158
46, 903
46, 404
9,537
2,383
153
629
1,986
5,762
2,135
185
6,263
142
913
84
10,483
378
1, 175
100
1, 164
140
116
38
1,022
941
7,556
967
1,090
812
950
1,314
18
288
'29
20
865
27
6
3
3
6,584
8,485
7,156
825
280
31, 740
6,253
5,232
853
735
261
3,449
38
388
2, 703
10, 421
2,678
1,640
2 471
385
69
77
112
8
20
15
91
70
785
58
94
103
72
412
3
40
6
1
C9
2
7,058
7,608
5,758
994
416
37, 981
8,156
5,258
1,135
880
518
3,133
35
435
2, 309
9, 001
1,646
1, 584
2, 058
385
83
140
76
9
6
6,539
6, 441
5,603
817
347
30, 668
6,270
4, 952
797
765
476
2, 186
375
1,949
7, 8G2
•1, 654
1,382
1,672
320
91
126
98
11
15
6
68
107
816
62
76
164
182
175
6
34
6
4
86
6,817
7, 350
6, 102
726
315
31, 815
5, 988
4,719
694
799
557
1, 606
39
364
1,544
8,076
1, 351
1, 352
1, 939
100
13
4
3
79
107
896
49
103
106
209
122
1
31
4
4
75
3
6,387
7,215
6,094
726
377
27, 456
4,818
4 ™72
437
814
537
953
20
246
1,247
5, 241
1,254
1,123
1,789
81
12
4
1
64
45
761
36
37
100
155
36
3
25
7,102
7, 705
6,948
631
255
32, 342
4,207
7,084
427
592
265
492
11
194
800
2,334
946
1,080
1,673
233
46
174
3
25
69
4
4
3
50
38
654
56
51
64
112
19
1
21
1
1
22
7,375
10, 620
8,350
912
262
31, 939
4,370
7, 482
678
529
126
156
6
125
279
1,094
528
1, 019
1,642
176
48
194
84
7
6
103
87
725
62
90
157
133
317
0
42
2
1
25
6
4
1
1
77
41
659
95
70
37
36
5
16
1
33
1
4
3
2
1
1
285
85
154
285
59
150
1
1
o
4
26
36
293
19
59
184
28
75
12
5,878
5,792
1,037
239
6
60
203
612
189
. 19
673
80
20
70
277
28
64
121
24
59
18
6,437
6,743
1,203
186
15
58
266
667
243
17
958
48
569
25
78
112
17
62
8
5,329
5, 500
1,048
185
15
49
193
648
265
33
1,037
19
91
3
2
5
8
9
3
o
4
TO
660
68
69
113
33
19
17
4,917
5, 142
1,252
234
19
71
178
769
338
54
1,080
"9
1
6
5
9
3
1
43
900
91
83
122
29
63
16
3, 719
3, 546
900
142
15
73
114
508
253
18
773
13
7
88
34
110
22
8
20
5
4
10
2
2
4
6
4
13
11
7
12
1
C01
41
62
118
38
73
8
2,983
2,500
941
77
5
38
45
347
182
11
702
11
61
5
5
3
8
3
653
14
58
114
24
56
7
1,998
1,715
788
89
3
45
51.
268
128
5
647
14
45
11
2
6
3
o
4
12
9
18
8
1
1
7
232
1
3
7
12
26
11
2
16
9
18
1
8
3
21
4
8
8
11
6
2
6
2
17
1
1
2
20
o
87
67
180
56
9
3
100
2,014
29
16
12
245
4
24
245
o
4
11
269
3
1
3
182
3
•>
7
142
I
98
4
16
96
17
1
93
14
71
17
1
5
114,278
3,648
120, 482
3,474
102, 711
3, 657
103, 660
3,538
87, 129
2, 614
87, 659
1,988
87, 375
1,865
1,169, 476
32, 356
298
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLVIL— UNITED STATES ARMY— Continued.
YEAR
186^.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH, (not including Tables XXXII and XLII)
420,671.
345, 010.
451, 126.
599, 182.
630, 692.
LIST OP DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Jases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
ut forward
80, 685
33
148
1,436
85
25
18
1,865
20
11
57, 417
13
89
709
1,686
16
i)
85, 722
20
152
960
72
1C
20
1, 995
11
10
26, 209
30
259
1,123
86
33
33
96
141
1 477
2,802
2o
4
10, 149
ivJ
246
1, 410
58
45
25
216
211
1,783
116
2
244
38
25
3,224
31
9
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
r ' ' ^
3
19
6
33
5
16
1
7
12
2
10
10
1
1
4
o
2
41
14
3
1
1
13
1
21
^ f f B i
f Brain
«5 TUfl'J '" /• f s ' • 1 Ch d
r7 N I"!'"0 l°U ° P1°'
96
1,034
92
286
225
36
15
1,081
26
85
717
58
162
145
22
1
67
9CO
63
98
212
28
' ^f.
1 K'
5
10
8
6
13
13
3
3
6
130
57
279
34
10
9
14
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
13
876
36
49
55
197
15
1 135
1,718
40
76
163
397
116
50
189
54
1,866
40
55
l^o
' " '
38
80
91
233
67
89
300
210
47
159
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
486
141
51
126
114
34
111
13
9
25
71 Otorrhoea
136
13
180
19
13
17
4
87
9
5
29
23
3
346
391
88
358
6,080
737
49
98
527
2,256
1,002
200
1,678
2,150
3,749
686
7
140
1,245
3
160
83
1,046
34
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
3
1
5
1
9
47
7
o
38
20
7
306
2
19
]
18
5
O
8
6
1
8
9
2
30
6
172
318
153
176
3,697
290
5
62
118
483
500
91
148
2,459
3,353
7
3
1
1
26
13
12
76
207
6
1
1
30
15
5
140
206
95
177
3,230
246
9
50
101
424
408
115
282
2,304
2, 511
3
402
82. Other Diseases of this Order
22
3
o
2
77
122
2,493
183
10
49
64
291
278
73
98
1,644
2 221
25
3
3
25
1
8
5
1
1
4
43
4
19
1
134
270
3,010
460
9
108
308
1,221
706
181
927
2,914
3, 666
1,114
2
78
1,071
10
1
3
1
3
11
14
11
6
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma
84. Acute Bronchitis
85. Chronic Bronchitis
86. Dropsy of Chest
87. Haemorrhage from Nose
88. Inflammation of Larynx
3
91
1
3
60
3
1
15
9
124
10
5
17
1
11
1
7
12
487
16
4
57
3
5
89. Inflammation of Lungs
90. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Haemorrhage from Lungs
92. Other Diseases of this Order
11
2
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
94. Constipation
95. Cholera Morbus
i, :502
17
1,054
13
1,313
22
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
84
1, 095
6
47
665
6
35
801
3
2
6
1
98. Dyspepsia
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
88
50
47
42
80
61
1
139
101. Fistula in Ano
102. Hernia
773
3U
2
533
16
701
32
1
1,150
32
2
2
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
107, 731
2,123
71,346
1,907
103, 638
2,213
151, 223
3,147 140,837
4,037
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1803.
299
TABLE XLVII.— UNITED STATES ARMY— Continued.
1868.
1863.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
725, 171.
743, 013.
737, 769.
744, 780.
711, 257.
675, 719.
587, 510.
614, 325.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
CO
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
114,278
48
277
2,030
73
44
32
135
237
2,109
122
3,648
11
120, 482
48
309
3,474
23
10
102,711
41
297
2 179
3,657
33
17
103, 660
51
293
o 40^
3,538
30
11
87,128
31
228
2,277
55
52
14
77
163
1, 796
88
33
158
48
73
2,614
19
10
87, 659
30
214
2,049
69
32
17
38
132
1,988
15
2
87, 375
30
140
2,037
47
20
11
37
102
1,865
17
1, 1C9, 476
409
2, 652
20 858
32, 356
266
106
3
36
21
3
2
1
8
92
58
36
156
282
2,251
142
1
65
26
8
4
1
11
71
56
48
120
315
2,006
121
3
239
58
18
1,945
57
41
13
3
2
14
111
69
36
134
226
2, 074
131
0
2
62
25
6
1
1
10
3
47
27
3
1
12
852
455
306
1,009
2,057
18, 941
1, 190
1,221
2,695
523
436
210
39
8
97
48
134
42
12
1, 536
68
185
112
45
15
1,198
59
393
210
25
2
7
8
4
6
1
7
4
3
4
234
49
20
2, 135
86
CO
109
630
199
17
344
73
44
2,039
18
9
293
67
38
2,188
13
12
311
2,126
2,184
1,905
21, 198
630
1,159
1,283
5, 624
1,627
783
2,471
219
100
1,227
229
119
566
264
132
3,413
3,604
1,093
3,523
60,792
9,651
197
1, 032
6,085
21, 081
10, 624
2,066
17,856
25,111
41,875
8,989
109
1,467
13, 626
41
956
897
10, 209
370
60
68
139
674
174
120
86
60
139
697
80
92
61
151
42
35
204
197
85
119
672
99
569
73
385
64
32
384
75
45
123
5
9
115
17
5
42
20
8
304
216
171
114
305
118
98
304
19
14
211
39
35
69
20
21
356
306
66
447
8,221
1,639
30
90
1, 115
3, 131
1, 391
294
2,636
1, 75C
4,165
338
7
226
1, 461
19
44
93
119
77
217
9
12
178
44
59
25
16
313
257
78
329
5,680
1, 158
19
78
696
2,156
1,036
207
2,087
1,659
3,585
333
10
162
1 169
90
304
19
7
12!)
23
10
65
37
16
348
381
113
411
8,244
1,072
22
187
621
3,086
1, 254
197
3,183
2,413
4,209
526
5
147
1,243
10
94
100
1, 175
28
321
1
1
108
6
5
81
10
7
32
15
9
236
o
25
20
o
27
7
7
4
9
7
170
39
24
79
20
15
451
o
6
4
• 8
6
1
8
209
41
19
26
14
365
1
20
7
3
14
3
6
23
5
5
10
2
3
29
4
5
8
5
o
12
9
5
5
1
10
4
3
5
20
18,")
48
35
90
47
6
1
1
397
341
116
366
7, 550
1, 391
14
73
932
3,313
1, 285
188
2,600
1,945
182
15
o
34
27
4
81
534
7,892
1, 524
13
101
842
3,000
1,504
272
2,925
2,303
4,095
477
28
164
1,421
6
92
84
1,214
49
10
4
38
3
13
11
35
34
3
9
6
3
18
26
3
1
9
577
11
6
12
2
1
5
54
179
2,873
531
8
89
494
1,130
736
157
917
1,762
3,541
701
28
93
1,187
4
38
154
1,822
420
9
47
267
590
522
91
375
1,802
3, 132
838
10
105
879
9
159
29
204
189
31
3
102
4,769
166
63
225
17
96
4
69
11
31
31
4
1
19
754
19
11
24
2
1
14
10
2
4
18
10
692
18
9
35
2
12
782
20
6
9
15
790
42
7
13
1
o
1
5
241
13
10
6
1
1
7
o
6
1
128
9
7
1
8
1
1
1
8
1
3,650
288
12
186
1,408
1
87
89
4
5
2
7
5
8
5
2
1
7
1
1
1
55
79
686
3
3
41
76
5?2
8
29
4
16
9
64
414
17
2
1
1
1,021
45
5
964
57
1
152,676
4,691
159, 987
4,608
139,475
4, 889
142, 557
4,670
117, 852
3,483
111, 221
2,426
106, 710
2,158
1, 505, 253
40, 352
300
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLVIL— ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES— Concluded.
YEAH
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH, (not including Tables ICXXII and XLII)
420, 671.
345, 010.
451, 126.
599,182.
630, 692.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
107, 731
2, 123
71, 346
1,907
o
103, 638
2,213
151,223
31
1, 025
474
158
46
361
371
2,859
1, 939
995
52
37
12
4
39
312
119
65
3,147
3
3
34
18
5
4
13
3
9
140 837
4,037
1
8
12
29
15 '
3
7
5
24
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
78
1,749
347
171
41
346
421
6,506
1,818
568
61
53
35
25
590
300
144
22
417
207
2,027
1,058
C78
14
32
3
7
12
4
5
7
o
10
361
184
67
18
278
170
1,682
867
505
1
18
1
7
13
10
7
5
3
553
305
110
15
384
289
1,656
1,205
571
18
27
8
3
5
13
10
4
5
7
1
9
1
1
1
11
OKDEU VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
' ' °
1
o
7
1
198
71
oo
124
174
73
45
52
2
2
129
53
/-3
4
1
1
2
360
108
131
52
8
o
1"° Ilydrocelo
05
47
373
30
13
57
9
123 Oth°r Diseases of this Order -,
293
15
4
215
14
1
228
13
1
210
26
1
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
15
12
o
8
113
1
3
35
60
62
1,428
1,280
216
19
40
13
2,004
1 072
oq
30
7
1,071
710
225
o
1
4
130. Other Diseases of this Order
14
1,163
C57
240
190
1,116
103
G75
30
4
1,015
509
221
149
742
71
604
9
1
4
1
2
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess
7
6
132. Boils
133. Carbuncle
1
253
134. Whitlow
190
1,109
80
602
25
175
290
135. Skin Diseases
1
2
1
3
6
571
216
783
23
580
244
860
25
1
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
13G. Burns
3
4
8
137. Contusions
5
2
2
5
1
5
7
136. Concussion of Brain
139. Drowning
140. Sprains
271
182
46
114
173
63
127
1
9, 285
323
472
244
46
442
059
844
97
141. Dislocation . . .
67
107
64
125
8
3,524
409
710
186
04
344
142. Simple Fractures
1
7
4
6
1, 473
o
21
37
3
27
1, 083
50
136
36
30
1
8
1
152
11
839
460
318
104
39
297
4
22
391
o
8
6
2
13
3
8
143. Compound Fractures
144. Gunshot Wounds
2, 309 373
428
4,960
258
496
87
112
133
535
1
11
5
145. Incised Wounds
146. Lacerated Wounds
412
94
106
298
8
8
3
20
147. Punctured Wounds
148. Poisoning
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
22
80
150. ORDER II. — Homicide
151. ORDER III. — Suicide
3
4
4
152. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence,
Total
122, 198
2, 026
85, 721
2,569
124, 636
3,921
171, 913
4,054
162, 439
4,651
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1863.
301
TABLE XLVIL— ARMY OF THE UNITED STATES— Concluded.
1862.
1803.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCII.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
725, 171.
743, 013. '
737, 769.
744, 780.
711, 257.
675, 719.
587, 510.
.614,325.
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
140
147
148
149
150
151
152
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
152, 676
80
2,529
405
177
81
461
421
4,832
2,143
374
99
33
60
13
136
389
133
177
52
189
36
27
160
' 8
40
50
24
1, 503
1,574
188
381
695
314
1,138
38
4,691
8
7
14
2o
18
9
8
25
1
25
159,987
115
2, 702
380
275
62
414
362
3,798
2,359
671
158
50
73
36
147
467
148
185
73
172
47
54
171
16
60
61
32
1,242
1,597
165
4,608
3
2
21
31
15
4
7
12
139, 475
106
2,390
360
217
34
338
352
2,612
2 188
4,889
4
6
14
30
11
10
8
14
142, 557
100
2,467
313
253
41
363
352
2,414
2,031
602
132
69
89
18
109
405
138
168
64
80
54
48
169
12
63
47
18
1,133
1, 557
182
403
639
328
1,098
26
4,670
6
3
28
30
15
6
12
9
1
8
117, 852
104
1,919
327
211
38
311
303
1,679
1,784
406
92
3,483
4
111,221
60
1,156
248
275
25
269
260
1,185
1,546
435
64
16
48
11
65
242
54
75
17
76
24
2,426
106, 710
71
736
258
175
36
199
194
904
1,446
264
63
22
28
3
37
224
47
74
2,158
13
2
14
22
12
5
o
10
4
16
1
1, 505, 253
745
18, 183
3,901
2,233
459
4,141
3,702
32,154
20, 444
6,572
877
445
505
128
892
3,715
1,184
1,289
531
2,098
354
237
1,244
92
443
488
278
14, 737
15, 237
2,226
3,442
8,193
2,714
11, 133
295
40,352
44
40
171
280
159
82
65
119
19
138
6
18
37
1
3
55
16
1
1
19
o
18
21
9
8
6
6
1
6
1
1
4
19
17
14
8
6
1
6
7
1
1
5
503
123
49
79
11
139
460
133
180
61
129
43
33
157
oo
7
o
4
8
1
5
4
1
39
73
7
95
355
107
144
40
63
38
23
169
9
73
47
4°
2
2
2
1
7
o
7
1
7
1
8
2
7
1
1
2
1
1
1
26
40
14
7
108
3
41
17
5
1,030
1,684
111
265
2
o
2
3
2
1
2
17
118
10
38
31
25
1,088
1,713
132
1
o
4
1
3
4
3
63
3
1
1
1
74
53
3
o
32
1,001
1,466
157
348
647
273
902
11
6
4
5
I
10
1
1,059
1,412
136
354
473
277
1,081
16
5
7
3
400
719
392
1,189
37
291
441
224
1,219
29
1
4
3
8
10
1
1
2
4
11
461
192
982
26
G
24
35
62
124
3
5
6
5
3
1
10
04
3
3
2
G
6
8
19
2
17
1,093
113
207
52
13, 496
581
715
143
63
575
1,189
98
190
28
3,647
713
347
122
57
407
1,030
91
111
9
635
526
282
92
61
370
1 243
1,347
83
142
22
1,381
521
205
114
45
1 292
860
48
107
53
3,228
375
183
111
108
201
10, 183
925
1,691
277
57, 395
5,652
4,573
1,643
884
3,858
1
1
8
314
2
4
81
140
19
790
621
232
112
76
321
1
3
6
220
4
5
74
169
74
13, 301
437
201
234
107
210
1
2
9
1,049
3
7
7
5
15
8
14
1
3
35
135
8,773
73
26'.)
110
24
357
26
92
13
2
9
1,292
2
49
3
5
38
4
10
o
4
7
172
1
1
o
4
8
871
1
3
5
1
40
o
33
1,000
5
16
1
4
37
o
4
17
g
28
260
17
1
13
3
6
6
1
11
1
5
4
188, 674
6 294
185, 620
5, 864
158. 365
5,411
162, 177
5,087
135, 278
3,871
138, 847
3,670
121, 777
3,252 1,757,645
51, 870
SICKNESS. ETC., DURING TUB YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864. 303
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS DURING THE THIRD
FISCAL YEAR,
(FROM JULY 1, 1863, TO JUNE 30. 1864.)
ATLANTIC REGION.
The reports received from troops in this region are consolidated into statistical tables
for seven armies or departments, as follows:
1. The Department of the East • Table XLVIII.
2. The Middle Department - • Table XLIX.
3. The Department of Washington ----- Table L.
4. The Army of the Potomac • Table LI.
5. The Department of Virginia - - Table LII.
6. The Department of North Carolina - Table LIII.
7. The Department of the South - - Table LIV.
To these tables are added —
8. A table showing the mortality in the general hospitals of
the Atlantic Region • Table LV.
9. A consolidated table for the Atlantic Region - - Table LVI.
1. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST — TABLE XLVIII.
In this table are included the reports received from troops within the boundaries
indicated in the remarks on Table XXV, viz : The New England States and the Middle
States, excepting the State of Delaware.
Officially the Department of the East continued throughout the year, to consist of
the New England States, the State of New York, and the State of New Jersey. General
J. A. Dix was assigned to command July 15, 1863. The State of Pennsylvania, which is
also here included, was divided between the Department of the Susquehanna and the
Department of the Monongahela, as has already been shown. By General Orders No. 152,
April 6, 1864, the Department of the Monongahela was merged into the Department
of the Susquehanna. It has not been considered necessary to represent these departments
by separate tables.
304 SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
2. THE MIDDLE DEPARTMENT — TABLE XLIX.
As during the previous year this table includes the reports received from troops in
the State of Delaware, the Eastern Shore of Virginia, and those portions of the State of
Maryland east of Hancock, which are not embraced in the Department of Washington.
These boundaries are essentially those fixed by General Orders No. 186, June 24,
1863. (See remarks on Table XXVI.)
By General Orders No. 226, July 23, 1863, the county of St. Mary's, Maryland,
was detached from the Middle Department to form a separate military district. December
21, 1863, the District of St. Mary's and the Eastern Shore of Virginia were annexed to
the Department of Virginia and North Carolina, and March 12, 1864, Fort Delaware,
Delaware, was detached. These changes have, however, been disregarded in constructing
the tables. General II. II. Lockwood assumed command of the department December 5,
1863, and March 12, 1864. General Lew Wallace was assigned to command.
3. THE DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON — TABLE L.
Here are embraced the reports from the garrison of Washington and the troops in its
immediate vicinity. The boundaries of the department continue to be those fixed
February 2, 1863. (See remarks on Table XXVII.) General 0. 0. Augur was assigned
to command October 14, 1863. By General Orders No. 214, June 21, 1864, the Depart
ment was extended to embrace that portion of Maryland between the Patuxent, Chesapeake
bay, and the Potomac river, including the Prisoners' Camp at Point Lookout. This
change has been disregarded in the construction of the table.
4. THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC — TABLE LI.
Subsequently to the battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 2, and 3, 1863, the Army of the
Potomac, under General Meade, crossed into Virginia and moved towards the Rappahannock;
fell back subsequently to the line of the Bull Run — the Second Corps being involved in
the action of Bristoe Station on the way — after which, again advancing, the passage of the
Rappahannock was forced November 7th, and the Mine Run movement made towards the
close of the month; no considerable operations occurred subsequently until the following
spring.
March 10, 1864, Lieutenant General Grant made his headquarters with the Army
of the Potomac, which, on the 3d of May, crossed the Rappahannock and made the
campaign by way of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania Court-house, and Cool Arbor, to
Petersburg. The chief engagements were in the AVildcrness, May 5th, 6th. and 7th; at
Spottsylvania Court-house, May 9th, 10th, 12th, and 14th; at Bethesda church, May 30th,
and at Cool Arbor, June 1st and 2d. June 14th and 15th the Army crossed the James
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4. 305
river, and on the 16th, 17th. and 18th, assaulted the works of Petersburg. The close of
the year found the army still besieging that place.
The Eleventh and Twelfth Corps were detached from the Army of the Potomac
September 24, 1863, and ordered to the Department of the Cumberland. The reports of
these corps for September are consolidated with the Army of the Potomac, for October
with the Department of the Cumberland. The Ninth Corps was brought from the Depart
ment of the Ohio and effected a junction with the Army of the Potomac in April, 1864.
It remained a separate command until May 24, 1864, when it was consolidated with the
Army of the Potomac. In these tables the reports from the Ninth Corps for March are
consolidated with the Department of the Ohio; those for April, May, and June, with the
Army of the Potomac.
5. THE DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA — TABLE LII.
The boundaries of this Department continue the same as during the previous year.
(See remarks on Table XXIX.)
General Orders No. 217, July 15, 1863, consolidated the Departments of Virginia
and North Carolina, assigning General J. G. Foster to command. October 28, 1863, he
was succeeded by General B. P. Butler. In these tables, however, the reports from troops
in North Carolina have been kept separate.
May 5, 1864, the Tenth and Eighteenth Corps were moved from Gloucester and
Yorktown on transports down the York and up the James river to Bermuda Hundred,
participated in the battle of Cool Arbor, and after the arrival of the Army of the
Potomac before Petersburg, in the operations against that place.
6. THE DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA — TABLE LIII.
As during previous years this table embraces the reports from troops operating in
North Carolina.
7. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH — TABLE LIV.
As during previous years this table includes the troops operating on the coast of
South Carolina and Georgia, and on the east coast of Florida, including Fort Jefferson
and Key West.
July 16, 1863, General Q. A. Gillmore was assigned to command; May 5, 1864, he
was succeeded by General J. G. Foster.
Besides the operations against Charleston, which were protracted throughout the
year, the most important movement was the Florida expedition in February, 1864, which
led to the battle of Olustee, February 20th.
39
306
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLYIII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1803.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
14, 107.
25, 818.
18, 387.
16, 505.
12, 221.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
48
1
55
3
1
87
9
53
14
44
1
19
5
28
1
3
14
16
1
4 v^n V
'
60
99
25
12
241
106
221
121
292
1
109
129
37
73
90
]
. Quo • cia _ r
318
18
3
638
98
75
3
6
1
OO;L
7. er ion n e e <
16
1
1,387
122
95
o
1
775
92
86
16
19
1
3
2
312
' ° g
136
69
22
4
6
1
3
122
36
19
3
o
5
1
o
0
16
17
1
* * ^
1
r e " n V •
1
2
8
71
44
105
110
11
1
2
1
3
8
30
37
138
205
0
3
7
80
12
8
34
119
24
16
33
31
173
209
1 .
o nPh TV f tv.' o d '
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
182
125
183
198
36
5
°4 Orehitis - - -
20
2
6
8
3
5
3
28 Other Diseases of this Order
4
3
7
14
10
1
1
5
1
3
29
10
OUDEU III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
18
n
20
11
1
3
2
1
31
10
6
20
10
0
2
13
Q
1
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
I
K
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathctic Diseases.
35. Gout
1
84
56
11
3
1
85
60
8
30. Acute Rheumatism
51
70
13
78
45
24
75
74
9
37 Chronic Rheumatism
39. General Dropsy
1
3
1
11
4
1
1
41. Tumors
1
2
13
9
42. Other Diseases of this Order
2
24
5
13
26
5
4
27
3
15
1
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
1
4
g
1
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
4G Itch.
15
10
21
32
47. Tape-worm -
1
1
1
48. Other Intestinal Worms
49. Other Diseases of Uiis Order
1
1,8(57
9
3,057
13
2,390
22
1, 843
17
1,248
8
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE ;iO, 1804.
107
TABLE XLYin.
of the Department of the East.
1863.
1804.
DECEMISER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
AriUL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
14, 397.
19, 070.
25, 739.
28, 018.
19, 521.
11, 035.
12, 143.
18, 080.
Cases. ! Deaths. :
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
20
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
22
3
31 .
4
40
9
68
0
3
17
2
26
5
7
7
2
461
9
141
74
3
7
3
2
1
1
6
2
8
1
14
o
40
31
38
3
40
40
go
59
64
40
8
1
325
o
65
88
71
14
67
65
102
2
32
50
106
13
31
914
1,142
5
39
97
10
1,397
115
9
5,037
851
516
87
263
141
1, 062
20
137
736
1,589
9
1
310
46
9
1
1
1
18
1
2
4
13
29
111
50
17
o
8
1
351
83
33
8
55
1
2
233
66
31
7
54
48
208
5
12
178
21
281
44
54
1
1
38
29
3
17
10
18
54
1
4
48
04
31
216
157
18
3
2
0
29
13
8
1
58
2
35
13
279
5
*.o
172
270
56
169
26*5
31
4
5
1
5
6
13
12
10
1
o
4
21
499
5
15
152
1
17
3
1
2
1
2
4
19
105
8
95
153
21
3
1
1
04
2°0
155
270
53
38
67
175
148
26
7
4
283
100
270
45
184
208
1
1
49
229
261
49
5
2
1
1
1
504
2, (Mil
2,384
4
1
306
38
4
11
29
307
40
03
1
45
40
18
295
251
92
13
12
1,223
908
107
3
8
21
25
4
8
1
7
2
0
11
9
C
26
34
4
3
1
1
1
12
12
6
C
2
25
17
8
2
1
38
30
7
3
35
48
7
0
2
2
18
28
10
20
18
4
1
24
21
9
187
81
18
1
63
92
1
80
80
1
148
89
146
68
19
102
64
91
7
136
12
1
3
10
9
1
3
1
4
1
18
9
1
71
1
1
1
o
4
1
2
20
8
3
9
11
4
4
13
11
1
17
10
1
29
4
11
1?
o
187
94
0
400
5
43
28
20
50
85
39
1
1
3
49
—
1
1
35
1
1
3
1
1
3
1,443
1,001
9
1,836
16
2,391
30
3,081
47
2,446
20
1, 378 10
9
23, 981
210
308
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLVIIL— DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST— Continued.
YKAI;
1803.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
14, 107.
25, 818.
18, 387.
16, 505.
12, 221.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
ieaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
1,867
9
3,057
1
26
47
13
1
2,390
1
14
41
22
1
1,843
1
24
13
17
1
1
1,248
8
CLASS IV. — LOCAL. DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
13
80
1
1
1
11
16
1
' l ] ?|
o' T Ca •+ .
1
3
o
2
1
2
r' ° * " f Af " 1 '
J' j"^"1" ''°f c C-J,i Cord
2
2
5
28
•r' N
4
58
6
35
2
4
29
1
10
r .
29
^ ' _g.
5
19
1
5
3
1
1
1
1
5
5
2
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
2
21
20
32
18
6
1
2
18
f t T f ' J °
1
1
3
3
OUDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
12
2
2
3
2
8
2
7
3
3
19
1
3
1
3
o
' ' " ^ n a °n ° n a
~i
14
7
4
1
8
1
1
1
]
6
12
• • r>
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
3
74 Valvul- r Diseas of Heart
5
15
o
1
1
2
2
5
78 I itV f f F 1
I
79 Inflammation of V in
1
1
4
7
6
5
4
40
13
3
7
4
4
74
17
2
2
6
7
5
6
3
2
245
4
9
94
25
2
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma.. .
7
80
11
1
1
1
17
1°
84. Acute Bronchitis
85. Chronic Bronchitis
23
86. Dropsy of Chest
1
1
87. Haemorrhage from Nose
o
o
88. Inflammation of Larynx . ...
12
13
50
16
2
23
1
3
89. Inflammation of Lung's . .
17
10
3
6
77
71
33
20
12
3
2
40
14
90. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Haemorrhage from Lung's .
5
3
44
68
8
1
53
92. Other Diseases of this Order
5
106
101
27
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
27
76
7
1
1
45
10
54
94. Constipation
95. Cholera Morbus
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease. .. .
8
23
4
38
13
30
98. Dyspepsia
30
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
101. Fistula in Ano
1
27
3
18
1
1
24
3
21
102. Hernia
17
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
2,427
11
3, 765
22
2,902
25
2, 419
25
1,854
13
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.
309
TABLE XLVIIL— DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST— Continued.
1803.
1804.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEIiRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
14, 397.
19, 070.
25, 739.
28, 018.
19, 5'21.
11, 035.
12, 143.
18, 080.
50
51
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
83
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1,001
9
1,836
1C
2,391
1
19
86
5
30
1
3,081
1
26
94
47
1
1
2,446
2
15
56
26
1,378
10
1,443
2
17
61
1
9
1
23, 981
9
199
633
19
7
15
8
45
47G
33
65
42
13
10
459
17
16
35
12
67
35
176
69
6
103
4
2
21
7
2
100
55
216
6
4
16
*.8
2
1
13
78
2
1
2
1
o
5
33
1
1
2
1
8
9
2
1
1
1
1
3
2
11
70
3
1
3
2
o
2
4
3
1
1
3
°7
1
3
45
3
2
67
1
1
37
1
1
4
9
33
3
8
3
1
3
40
34
1
1
1
4
1
3
3
1
63
2
1
7
o
1
7
o
2
2
24
1
40
3
3
2
1
72
1
64
1
1
6
1
47
2
3
1
2
1
2
1
6
1
4
10
7
1
6
15
1
4
14
3
18
12
10
1
34
4
7
6
33
9
13
f>0
5
2
14
11
1
1
12
1
10
1
5
2
9
o
1
3
14
1
1
15
10
1
3
1
0
3
3
1
1
1
1
6
5
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
0
8
17
6
o
12
14
8
o
8
513
57
17
1
11
4
3
19
64
53
1
1
1
6
290
92
25
oo
4
4
252
25
o
5
7
47
22
5
23
17
51
16
5
117
69
629
75
o
538
70
3
o
1
o
1
2,942
530
5
38
331
845
291
47
317
543
1,339
129
10
1
1
1
5
92
o
1
39
3
179
163
57
3
22
169
46
o
10
40
151
41
5
52
39
238
0
7
39
0
1
0
13
19
7
31
J4
5
27
34
77
1
20
2
1
38
110
34
5
49
20
24
5
30
13
7
6
49
104
04
2
2
27
68
149
o
1
43
46
124
200
2
1
1
33
539
2
4
21
245
7
2
35
0
3
1
10
1
42
2
67
1
5°
1
58
77
42
1
o
3
3
14
1
1
36
2
o
1
]9
°T
9
1
1
1
1,706
14
3,556
39
3,891
G3
4,733
121
3,664
59
2,014
18
2, 116
13
35, 047
423
310
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLVIIL— DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST— Concluded.
YEAU
18(33.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
14, 107.
25, 818.
18, 387.
16, 505.
12 221.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
2,427
11
3,765
6
23
22
2,902
25
2, 419
1
47
7
25
1, 854
3
G4
13
OCDKii VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
49
1
8
o
37
7
5
0
1
"rt" f V* 't
1
°1
o
10
5
1
1
3
16
29
9
3
1
2
8
44
45
y
o
0
1
14
O*7
25
15
41
20
1
1
20
5
O"?
OHUER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
3
1
2
1
118 Diseases of Testis
5
8
5
3
3
1
0
11
1
6
2
0
1
2
1
1
3
3
3
122 Hydrocele
123 Other Diseases of this Order
3
3
1
OIIDEU VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
1
1
1
3
4
4
2
7
2
2
3
1
88 .
170
18
36
15
14
71
1
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
Of^
50
76
10
7
4
7
5°
57
52
132 Boils
20
31
8
8
23
11
4°
43
1
8
21
133. Carbuncle
9
9
24
134. Whitlow .. .
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
OKDEII I. — Wounds, Accidents, anil Injuries.
136. Burns
6
45
1
137. Contusions
43
138. Concussion of Brain
1
139. Drowning
1
3
1
140. Sprains
24
2
47
45
30
1
3
28
6
8
1
135
18
9
34
0
141. Dislocation
4
9
1
44
22
142. Simple Fractures
7
143. Compound Fractures
144. Gunshot Wounds
266
15
15
11
3
2
124
13
o
1
3
2fi
19
17
0
o
145. Incised Wounds
146. Lacerated Wounds
6
2
2
4
147. Punctured Wounds
1
1
22
8
1
8
148. Poisoning-
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
5
1
1
3
1
150. ORDER II. — Homicide
151. ORDER III. — Suicide
152. OUDEU IV.— Execution of Sentence
Total
3, 115
16
4,492
28
3,478
27
2,957
29
2, 295
17
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
311
TABLE XLVIIL— DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST— Concluded.
1803.
1804.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
14, 397.
19, 070.
25, 739.
28, 018.
19, 521.
11, 035.
12, 143.
18, 080.
Cases.
Jeaths. •
Cases.
Deaths.
3ases.
ieaths.
3ases.
)eaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
2ases.
ieaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
104
105
106
107
108
103
no
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
,706
3
103
3
1
1
3
14
3,556
1
223
3
0
39
,891
63
.733
1
256
1
1
121
3,664
1
159
1
1
2
1
59
2,014
18
2,116
13
35, 047
16
1,319
41
26
9
49
26
182
429
338
23
12
13
10
29
54
24
423
238
75
45
2
3
9
1
1
2
5
3
2
1
1
1
2
1
6
1
15
63
42
2
2
7
38
20
4
12
9
22
1
6
37
74
4
4
4
14
27
53
1
1
2
5
36
68
5
1
44
10
2
2
1
3
1
o
2
8
6
3
3
16
o
o
4
3
o
9
10
1
12
1
4
3
9
1
2
1
4
4
1
o
1
4
1
4
7
69
17
44
8
7
43
4
7
20
12
531
752
94
212
1
23
1
3
4
1
4
3
1
1
3
4
1
2
1
1
5
1
2
1
4
1
124
126
127
128
[0(
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
14,
14
14
14
14
15
15
15
1
1
3
6
3
o
1
64
46
13
25
12
67
1
1
2
o
4
5
1
46
82
1
3
32
1
1
5
24
64
25
78
6
29
1
40
33
8
20
71
6
58
o
18
53
6
14
54
5
64
1
56
10
10
107
8
77
16
29
86
4
90
°9
67
11
89
4
113
12
610
101
806
10
108
1
3
1
1
2
11
1
1
43
1
7
96
4
5
1
35
65
71
4
11
4
37
41
oo
79
10
9
75
76
666
38
JOO
7
1
29
24
7
5
4
13
917
259
172
64
15
136
44
20
17
10
1
1
3
1
o
2
27
25
9
8
2
5
34
!oo
18
3
00
2G
1
20
2
1
5
2
1
6
1
4
1
1
1
1
5
6
4
1
3
C
7
43
30
1
2
1
1
2
1
5
0
2,253
17
4,469
42
4,849
74
5,730
130
4,450
67
2,591
22
2,717
1C
43, 396
485
312
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLIX.
Abstract of the /Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
18G3.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEI'TEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
7, 529.
6, 560.
6,002.
6,509.
10, 497.
LIST OP DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. I Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OKDEH I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
23
18
3
14
4
1
oo
1
1
9
1
11
1
o
30
29
1
3. Typho a a
' e °™ '
42
43
31
59
76
21
19
o
56
112
39
2
15
113
81
5
50
67
71
1
1
131
26
9
3
16
17
2
m' eu
1
8
184
16
27
326
51
42
2
9
2
2
1
230
23
26
6
5
98
28
16
7
17
10
3
' ° .
5
1
2
1
2
'
' . ^ J
' r°. 10 JS y
7
^ I/ d V ' 1 "d
2
1
' ' "ia P°X
3
3
3
11
7
1
o
o
3
6
97
9
79
77
1U
6
3
4
28
r . ,
4
39
49
7
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
2° Syphilis
36
53
5
37
48
3
56
59
5
o
24 Orchitis
25 Stricture of the Urethra
1
26 Purulent Ophthalmia
2
27. Serpent Bite
28. Other Diseases of this Order
3
1
OKDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29 Scurvy
29
7
12
4
30 Purjmra
1
3
1
4
3
4
4
1
3
3
8
1
3
3
1
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTION AL DISEASES.
ORDEU I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
51
30
00
19
54
43
39
14
1
36
6
24
15
38. Anaemia
17
8
2
17
39. General Dropsy
40. Cancer
41. Tumors
42. Other Diseases of this Order
1
2
o
ORDER 11.— Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
3
2
2
8
5
44. Scrofula
0
8
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch
50
7
24
17
31
1
47. Tape-worm
48. Other Intestinal Worms
49. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
697
7
830
10
731
9
713
5
877 5
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
313
TABLE XLIX.
of the Middle Department.
18G3. 18(3-1.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
11,191.
10, 797.
10, 005.
15, 819.
7, 736.
6,860.
7, 800.
8, 941.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases. ' Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
4C
47
48
49
11
4
15
1
7
2
19
3
1
5
1
7
16
1
14
1
1
150
14
150
20
15
8
1
7
8
7
72
5fi
38
7
5
199
16
18
1
23
39
50
60
37
3
8
154
13
11
1
21
61
36
25
17
o
174
85
47
89
40
2
40
20
70
1
1
142
60
50
76
637
812
604
56
25
2,451
251
413
24
205
169
3
45
261
4
1
90
75
1
1
1
3
7
1
137
93
583
19
187
3
12
1
13
8
14
13
11
1
4
4
14
30
*.O
94
26
1
1
16
3
4
34
11
5
12
65
0
1
1
1
0
2
2
5
11
1
58
1
7
101
2
99
135
26
3
1
„
5
17
139
107
66
36
15
1
9
°2
8
33
30
16
24
27
2
5
%
55
42
110
131
129
40
12
58
55
11
1
3
709
436
785
821
122
33
80
65
10
1
1
1
77
140
11
1
14
2
6
125
3
13
13
1
6
1
1
5
56
3
43
67
19
3
1
647
453
o
2
3
1
1
3
0
4
7
2
7
16
9
6
4
4
3
1
2
3
2
1
1
1
1
36
33
6
92
57
14
79
44
6
100
44
3
r~
68
48
1
44
10
5
49
4
101
5
1
5
8
49
29
1
1
1
8
„
2
1
5
5
1
7
2
4
5
4
3
1
o
5
3
47
47
44
°7
10
19
346
3
1
1
1,110
9
1,056
14
1,026
4
1,404
4
837
4
686 5
1,328
7
11, 295
:-:,
40
314
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE XLIX.— MIDDLE DEPAETMENT— Continued.
YEAR 18G3'
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
7, 529.
6, 560.
C, 002.
6, 509.
10, 497.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
697
7
830
10
1
731
1
9
1
713
5
877
5
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDEU I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
7
32
7
18
1
36
1
14
7
1
7
1
26
3
9
1
3
15
58* \ urif i-i
12
oo
rn T> . 1 8-
3
10
1
1
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
18
17
15
18
8
1
1
2
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
19
9
1
1
6
0
4
6
3
1
o
5
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
3
1
1
6 *
1
1
1
5
2
8
6
6
o
4
5
81. Varicocelc
2
1
1
35
10
82. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma
o
1
37
7
2
31
16
12
84. Acute Bronchitis
19
1
126
85. Chronic Bronchitis
17
1
o
86. Dropsy of Chest
87. Haemorrhage from Nose
1
3
5
1
1
88. Inflammation of Larynx . ..
1
4
5
o
4
17
13
1
89. Inflammation of Lungs
o
2
13
3
2
7
5
1
2
90. Inflammation of Pleura
1
91. Hsemorrhage from Lungs
3
92. Other Diseases of this Order . .
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
27
11
61
13
19
10
55
10
57
94. Constipation
108
39
95. Cholera Morbus
14
1
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease !
1
9
98. Dyspepsia
40
17
2
16
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
101 . Fistula in Ano
1
6
1
2
I
1
9
102. Hernia
0
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
Curried forward
1,118
10
1,071
12
911
12
898
7
1,245
7
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
315
TABLE XLIX.— MIDDLE DEPARTMENT— Continued.
1863.
1864.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEHKUAUY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
11, 191.
10, 797.
10, 005.
15, 819.
7, 726.
6, 860.
7,800.
8, 941.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
50
51
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
C<]
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
70
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
9C
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
1,110
9
1,056
14
1,026
4
1,404
4
837
4
1
686
5
1,328
7
11,295
1
47
312
14
11
83
3
2
25
3
10
3
20
4
28
3
29
2
4
33
2
3
5
4°
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
18
3
2
9
217
1
11
2
1
28
24
20
1
14
18
1
1
1
13
12
6
7
2
1
2
o
1
1
1
1
2
17
2
1
2
3
27
1
2
15
28
21
00
23
2°9
1
0
1
6
]0
4
38
29
1
1
o
5
o
7
3
11
2
4
1
7
1
1
o
3
1
13
6
4
13
8
17
57
°2
5
1
1
1
2
13
7
8
3
7
it
3
1
1
1
3
1
o
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
10
9
4
5
4
o
2
3
41
31
3
34
1,036
175
3
12
67
219
156
26
96
179
goo
o
5
1G2
13
3
172
26
o
2
103
27
137
19
1
1
124
36
45
45
1
1
1
2
1
13
13
14
1
4
9
88
1
7
12
11
29
15
4
12
14
45
24
4
28
19
4
10
17
Cl
1
12
9
1
3
15
56
6
1
1
34
o
1
4
1
4
G
49
30
3
42
10
2
8
8
3
20
29
1
10
109
4
17
117
11
84
107
31
1
108
1
2
18
3
193
18
18
8
9
17
21
1
1
7
1
9
1
10
1
f.
1
2
o
I
4
11
66
1,575
16 1,567
19
1, 567
13
1,932
15
1,228
9
945
11
1,721
8
15, 778
139
316
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XLIX.— MIDDLE DEPARTMENT— Concluded.
YEAR
1863.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
7, 529.
6, 560.
6, 002.
C, 509.
] 0,497.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases, j Deaths.
« t forward
1,118
1
13
2
1
10
1,071
12
911
12
808
7
1,245
o
7
OUDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
11
3
1
. i
OK
59
1
51
o
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
7
1
110. Chrome
31
42
12
9
8
18
7
9
15
16
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs. •
1
1
1
1
7
1
2
o
0
3
3
1
5
1
123 Other Diseases of this Order
1
OuuEB VIII. — Diseases of Hones and Joints.
1
1
]
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
130. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDEU IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
19
33
17
35
1
2
20
16
17
4
39
26
4
6
10
9
132. Boils
31
1
G
1
133. Carbuncle .
134. Whitlow
3
I
8
16
135. Skin Diseases
11
1
17
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
OilDEit I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns. .
4
5
137. Contusions .
7
13
1
1
1
140. Sprains
10
1
0
7
11
27
2
142. Simple Fractures
9
2
1
1
10
1
2
7
143. Compound Fractures ..
1
9
4
1
6
3
1
1
1
144. Gunshot Wounds...
280
1
2
1
43
]
1
10
6
4
4
145. Incised Wounds
146. Lacerated Wounds
147. Punctured Wounds
2
148. Poisoning
2
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
1
150. OUDER II. — Homicide
1
151. Ol'.DUi: III.— Suicide
152. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence
Total
1,589
55
1, 214
15
1,062
17
1,088
10
1,523
8
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1804.
317
TABLE XLIX.— MIDDLE DEPARTMENT— Concluded.
1863.
1864.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
11, 191.
10, 797.
10, 005.
15, 819.
7, 726.
6, 860.
7, 800.
8, 041.
104
105
10(3
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths. || Cases. Deaths.
1,575
16
1,567
0
19
1,567
13
1,932
15
1,228
9
945
11
1,721
8
15, 778 -
5
706
15
13
3
14
10
105
258
°7
139
102
86
3
113
1
113
75
42
1
1
1
2
1
5
16
0
1
o
3
2
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
11(5
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
14G
147
148
149
150
151
152
8
i
1
1
3
9
30
o
1
1
4
29
2
1
3
1
1
1
3
18
1
1
19
35
3
14
30
1
1
o
o
9
1
1
1
3
24
8
19
8
7
8
5
14
1
2
o
1
3
3
1
4
3
1
2
1
3
1
4
o
1
1
3
1
4
3
1
1
4
1
2
3
„
1
]
5
2
205
413
23
1
1
14
29
3
8
18
5
13
1
1
20
43
29
43
8
45
2
9
9
4
16
1
C
39
2
9
27
3
39
7
35
10
37
1
2
" "
2
6
29
4
32
]
10
7
35
5
15
1
30
1
58
153
47
254
1
31
3
3
1
1
7
40
3
I
4
23
5
8
35
f>
39
36
1
2
27
1
2
21
21
3
079
15
32
5
340
ior>
"7
3
1
1
7
11
6
1
52
1
13
1
1
7
13
1
4
4
4
6
5
o
o
7
1
6
1
1
3
1
19
6
11
1
o
5
o
3
2
1
3
1
3
2
1
]
1,948
20
1,877
25
1,861
15
2,284
16
1, 506
11
1,157
17
1,935
9
19, 044
218
318
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TAELE L.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1863.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
27, 657.
31, 788.
30, 902.
28, 998.
33, 964.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
138
o
22
187
245
20
1
7
181
29
87
20
02
10
115
127
13
189
6
41
2
153
16G
193
473
718
477
17
5
1,914
116
399
30
14
2
586
724
o
251
508
650
183
489
947
57
5
1,113
111
209
26
35
2
659
15
15
11
1,541
140
325
52
7
5
2
127
17
829
63
183
3
4
1
1
1
1,330
78
1
1
o
5
1
1
2
352
13
9
6
3
2
1
3
17
2
4
1
4
4
3
21
10
298
1*5. Measles
17. Scarlet Fever
18. Diphtheria
8
20
24
22
19
31
71
152
1
25
17
17
74
1C8
136
17
5
6
22
13
.83
46
142
o
1
3
27
99
138
24
6
4
1
1
24
241
244
°8
1
ORDER II. — Enthctic Diseases.
22. Syphilis
175
17
4
o
145
24. Orchids
32
25. Stricture of the Urethra
3
4
9
2G. Purulent Ophthalmia
27. Serpent Bite
28. Other Diseases of this Order
6
8
4
1
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
4
3
19
11
2
1
1
4
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens
i
3
28
1
7
7
3
1
11
6
2
12
7
32. Inebriation
33. Chronic Alcoholism
1
34. Other Diseases of this Order
1
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
36. Acute Rheumatism
151
86
13
1
1
172
150
57
236
211
37. Chronic Rheumatism
125
95
166
1
38. Anaemia
53
13
26
45
39. General Dropsy
1
1
1
40. Cancer
41. Tumors
4
2
9
14
8
1
8
16
7
5
31
5
42. Other Diseases of this Order
12
9
7
6
30
15
10
3
1
ORDER II.— Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
17
7
1
44. Scrofula
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
40. Itch
7
6
40
47. Tape-worm
48. Other Intes! inal Worms
1
4
1
10
0
49. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
3,285
34
5, 524
37
5, 143
63
3, 896
42
4,685
25
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
319
TABLE L.
of the Department of Washington.
1863.
1864.
DECEMBEU.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
33, 923.
32, 163.
32, 946.
36, 292.
37, 400.
21, 536>
19, 027.
30, 550.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. !
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
44
5
24
14
5
64
3
44
18
66
5
23
20
1
34
12
1
4
70
14
8
4
37
3
68
24
978
20
953
207
8
41
34
28
1
15
2
6
148
411
oog
7
1
656
172
80
10
24
15
33
o
15
31
302
114
217
209
35
7
0
134
206
189
15
10
384
1
171
21°
198
341
360
13
5
522
1
185
426
429
94
320
329
348
151
2,905
4,869
4, 593
7
1
205
42
104
6
5
762
10
4
582
324
6
7
329
2
2
13
1,846
65
221
83
11,808
992
2,100
196
422
264
1,254
36
372
1,574
2,738
13
2
32
22
14
15
10
13
3
22
2
1
4
10
55
37
17
37
89
170
6
45
153
263
7
36
29
3
76
51
311
13
61
191
326
1
69
57
100
57
365
11
61
512
944
162
272
340
33
5
3
2
41
71
4G
137
0
2
1
3
o
1
1
3
13
21
1
4
1
6
o
3
1
66
34
190
1
27
447
335
2
o
3
22
3
27
1
1
3
1
148
1
1
5
12
53
89
40
163
121
125
1
7°
76
102
133
130
14
1
1
179
142
169
21
8
17
1
167
ISO
151
102
1,231
2,103
2,231
4
2
1
236
269
39
11
37
6
2
12
1
3
i
311
65
38
1
58
35
7
98
133
14
2
1
2, 245
1,437
402
29
3
35
186
199
86
22
4
15
29
1
1
1
6
4
3
12
1
2
2
1
4
4
10
13
5
16
3
1
8
7
3
3
1
11
1
4
3
1
5
11
11
1
1
233
201
1C8
64
185
]65
18
258
125
1
302
149
21
68
78
72
1
3
1
1
1
174
58
1
55
11
1
38
43
2
4
5
16
5
9
24
3
24
18
6
3
36
23
11
4
1]
12
. 8
40
15
8
1
21
2
1
31
6
2
6
4
o
18
10
9
49
3
37
38
1
53
101
93
35
529
7
26
3
5
1
1
1
3
1
4
1
3,365
38
2,949
42
3,274
41
5, 152
51
4,259
28
o 312
14
4,174
43
48, 018
458
320
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE L.— DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON— Continued.
YKAU ISO**-
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
27, 657.
31, 788.
30, 902.
28, 998.
33, 964.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
3,285
34
5,524
1
14
156
1
o
37
5,143
1
5
63
3, 896
1
12
106
42
0
4,685
2
9
100
2
o
2
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
9
116
3
100
1
2
...J .
o
2
9
61
3
1
2
1
4
3
1
8
48
1
1
4
56
1
20
4
2
3
78
8
39
13
1
1
70
40
5
1
4
1
o
5
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
1
1
49
52
54
1
11
30
o
1
0
3
1
36
8
2
14
14
0
5
12
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
43
2
2
30
1
1
17
22
1
3
7
1
3
6
1
4
1
10
°4
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
' * r
5
1
3
5
2
1
0
6
o
' " L
~G r> PS* f P ' d'
„ p ^ c .
,.
1
1
6
20
3
41
167
15
1
e s
10
19
10
9
1
22
7
5
1
10
2;12
31
3
1
20
81 V '
1
1
OKDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83 Asthma
18
123
172
36
278
27
1
11
1
18
86 Dropsy of Chest
7
7
26
9
8
15
45
11
18
18
11
19
18
10
16
140
145
1"
I
20
17
34
11
9
164
239
92. Other Diseases of this Order
20
1
78
89
146
14
57
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
159
86
94. Constipation
178
73
185
95. Cholera Morbus
72
42
2
5
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
2
5
1
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease ....
1
54
4
43
8
48
98. Dyspepsia
149
59
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
1
p
1
0
101. Fistula in Ano.
3 1
3
18
1
o
102. Hernia
41
1
38
1
20
80
103. Hjemorrhago from Stomach
1
Carried forward
I "
4,395
35
7,044
47
6,181
66
4,853
47
5,903
!
29
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
321
TABLE L.— DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON— Continued.
1863.
1864.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
33, 923.
32, 163.
32, 946.
36, 292.
37, 400.
21, 536.
19, 027.
30, 550.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Cases. I
Deaths.
Cases.
)eaths.
„ i
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
3,365
1
17
73
3
2
38
1
1
2,949
42
3,274
2
14
93
1
3
1
1
7
76
f>
41
2
1
5,152
51
4,259
2
18
84
4
1
2
28
2,312
1
16
52
14
4, 174
3
21
113
43
1
48, 018
14
165
1,208
458
8
3
9
11°
21
103
5
1
2
2
1
2
7
81
2
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
4
1
3
50
50
1
34
1
2
4
43
29
19
6
16
100
725
o
6
5
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
61
2
1
1
5
76
3
3
79
3
19
1
13
6
1
32
107
71
18
13
774
18
47
19
113
126
o
4
4
11
1
2
74
2
1
4
1
3
1
2
107
14
8
3
98
4
3
1
1
6
1
66
o
99
4
6
2
32
2
2
1
5
3
4
3
13
37
13
1
45
37
10
33
3
6
5
34
18
o
3
4
3
o
6
38
16
1
15
10
5
1
50
214
42
145
3
142
10
2
9
1
8
173
123
17
ooo
3,513
382
10
57
202
916
494
97
1,200
1,051
1,966
1
14
2
7
1
3
21
1
1
0
2
7
2
25
2
17
1
2
13
1
1
1
4
2
2
1
1
15
13
4
13
636
34
1
15
15
5
10
345
62
5
12
6
1
4
27
10
1
21
468
33
11
15
8
4
2
1
2
6
1
6
2
17
469
72
6
26
75
43
8
83
46
128
3
1
3
70
1
6
64
10
23
84
16
2
1
485
48
2
1
1
9
22
188
60
3
7
31
200
93
6
239
67
168
2
3
13
174
57
9
221
7°
o
1
7
40
J7
13
8
7
39
33
1
28
101
59
5
261
65
1
209
o
1
10
10
29
1
59
47
1
10
1
1
1
20
201
40
138
3
5
3
7
45
8
78
215
207
3
61
156
80
1
319
3
35
661
0
4
35
450
14
3
1
1
3
46
1
48
1
5
30
2
20
3
48
46
i
3
52
3
1
24
3
20
1
37
1
6
44
0
1
41
1
03
-^
o
1
3
1
4,816
57
4,648
82
5,318
115
7,020
114
5, 936
85
2,847
27
5,207
51
64,168
755
322
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE L.— DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON— Concluded.
YEAR
18G3.
MOXTU
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
27, 657.
31, 788.
30, 902.
28, 998
33, 964.
LIST OF DISEASES.
•Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. 1 Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
rd
4,395
35
7,044
5
60
13
25
47
6,181
66
4,853
1
81
4
4
47
5,903
29
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
78
13
14
1
7
1
38
79
40
3
69
16
10
2
7
161
5
2
1
1
1
2
2
6
0
" amn " c .
108. In amma 10
20
4
0
3
10J. Acute ii am ^
4
47
102
5
2
1]0. Chrome
89
92
92
73
118
3
71
4
o
1
7
C
1
2
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
o
1
g
1
1
3
3
14
1
3
1
4
6
15
1
16
3
5
o
6
8
9
2
4
2
2
7
3
8
11
1
1
4
1°2 Hydrocele
3
OliDEit VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
C '?
8
6
15
10
1
3
1
3
2
3
1
1
1
112
152
3
4
3
1
1
127
10
1
130 Other Diseases of this Order
3
304
ORDER, IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
161
143
6
25
30
10
133
66
97
6
6
22
13° Boils .
295
11
09
100
8
oo
19
10
18
13
134 Whitlow
55
61
136
1
26
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
1
9
99
20
137. Contusions
112
138. Concussion of Brain
2
1
1
1
133. Drowning
5
140. Sprains
78
106
4
9
59
C2
85
141. Dislocation
3
8
1
112
35
9
5
11
4
2
9
1
8
52
6
9
2
19
26
o
4
11
142. Simple Fractures
143. Compound Fractures .
1
98
29
9
6
18
1
144. Gunshot Wounds
29
1
4
1
1
18
26
7
4
3
7
o
145. Incised Wounds
146. Lacerated Wounds
10
8
3
3
147. Punctured Wounds
5
7
4
1
148. Poisoning
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
1
1
150. ORDER II. — Homicide
1
2
151. ORDER III. — Suicide
152. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence
1
Total
5, 370
78
8,562
56
7,211
73
5,606
53
6,913
31
DURING TRE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
323
TABLE L.— DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON— Concluded.
1803.
1804.
DECEMBEU.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
33, 923.
32, 163.
32, 946.
36, 292.
37, 400.
21, 536.
19, 027. 30, 550.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
104
105
lOii
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
•135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
140
147
148
149
150
151
152
4,816
57
4,648
351
6
82
1
5,318
1
472
115
7,020
114
1
1
5,936
6
325
4
3
85
2,847
27
5,207
3
37
4
3
1
2
13
29
79
1
9
5
o
51
64, 168
29
2,339
86
87
9
76
38
580
1,049
161
59
22
755
2
4
7
4
1
1
310
6
1
359
8
7
1
5
8
37
105
5
5
I
36
1
1
1
5
7
2
8
1
1
1
1
1
4
11
1
3
o
45
77
35
8
7
1
0
1
o
10
36
4
7
1
62
88
7
6
1
3
27
105
43
3
31
97
8
5
3
1
5
3
2
1
15
2
4
21
6
11
5
3
1
9
19
24
17
9
3
7
o
If!
5
13
94
116
30
86
24
31
11
56
1
6
3
5
o
12
3
1
4
4
1
135
143
9
20
30
18
121
6
4
9
2
1
1
6
3
4
7
1
12
1
0
1
o
3
4
1
14
o
1
2
1
*
1
3
1
7
3
9
o
1
1
3
69
15
39
17
9
1 336
0
2
4
3
3
3
3
I
22
1
121
1
39
104
6
8
73
4
65
88
131
3
16
96
°4
85.
56
112
140
9
36
117
07
144
15
83
1,644
95
253
o
1
7
46
C,
68
1
42
73
29
140
32
127
713
230
1,359
8
9
123
1
107
1
180
1
1
1
9
1
1
I
147
6
11
2
24
38
20
3
3
5
72
3
8
131
125
JOO
44
38
1,069
48
107
16
409
426
101
51
65
70
6
8
o
21
56
9
o
1
5
4
9
1
20
35
5
4
16
9
1
1
1
50
3
5
17
46
11
4
1
1
3
30
48
9
5
1
4
1
20
15
1
20
2
9
4
3
3
1
1
4
15
1
3
7
2
4
6
4
1
3
1
26
4
1
2
1
0
6,086
66
5,915
89
6,911
125
8,371
119
7,217
92
3,325
31
5,828
57
77, 315
870
324
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LI.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
104, 395.
102, 489.
107, 541.
97, 402.
100, 430.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
246
6
216
32
174
17
146
11
172
22
„' r^1*,10 p
286
322
3
190
1
191
2
222
15
916
480
400
5
1,347
642
6
1,233
862
" 8
988
818
581
42
10
3,654
517
648
35
38
4
936
606
421
3
421
67
26
7,001
577
645
31
57
512
1
1
3
5
3
61
5,843
491
975
58
37
82
7
4,668
553
1
4
8
4
1
o
2
4
1
17
4,043
626
478
54
32
3
1
20
4
2
601
68
50
3
4
2
1
1
2
8
1
13
1
4
7
104
104
138
171
13
5
24
19
18 Diphtheria
7
12
1
1
7
11
279
1
20
9
243
39
276
260
15
36
235
89
183
130
24
7
3
1
81
117
92
62
324
1
3
ORDER II. — Enthetio Diseases.
30 Syphilis
121
490
36
5
10
18
5
2
1
2
45
1
25. Stricture of the Urethra
6
2
27 Serpent like
28. Other Diseases of this Order
12
102
5
51
3
36
1
3
13
3
4
41
1
3
9
7
1
16
441
263
ORDER III. — Dictic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
30. Purpura
4
31. Delirium Tremens
o
5
2
1
1
32. Inebriation
4
1
12
5
2
1
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diatltetic Diseases.
35. Gout
5
517
234
36. Acute Rheumatism . . .
305
382
427
1
1
37. Chronic Rheumatism
245
250
38. Anaemia
100
1
134
108
44
55
1
39. General Dropsy
40. Cancer
1
1
1
1
19
24
°0
41. Tumors
3
10
03
4
22
2
17
24
21
5
46
1
1
42. Other Diseases of this Order
OKDEE II. — Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
47
23
2
39
15
o
1
2
1
44. Scrofula
5
45. Other Diseases of this Order
8
35
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch
6°
21
47. Tape-worm
3
2
o
1
7
o
4
6
1
48. Other Intestinal Worms
4
o
49. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
9,628
16
12, 929
56
12, 656
50
9,541
30
9,379
81
.
DURING THE YEAK ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.
325
TABLE LI.
of the Army of the Potomac.
1803.
18(34.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
99, 625.
89,241.
98, 127.
104, 916.
136,115.
115, 385.
98, 384.
104, 504.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
25
26
27
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
4-
4j
4f
47
4
4
Cases.
Deaths. ;
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
147
28
124
34
44
1
92
10
1
2
68
10
Ill
1
142
19
1
7
109 |
3
182
2
136
29
1,693
7
2,434
220
o
65
171
8
179
11
96
5
361
11
594
436
373
35
9
3,594
584
380
42
38
13
6
5
-118
320
207
15
11
2,362
512
184
33
52
36
83
7
2
1
1
0
5
63
6
5
1
7
1
389
288
174
9
4
1,367
333
100
17
59
44
273
3
17
75
435
376
283
353
44
10
3
1
640
457
3
920
751
4
693
637
5
1,073
650
577
1
10, 147
6,947
5,120
505
157
46, 222
5,814
5,809
423
664
277
1,806
14
218
1,638
4, 165
1, 641
3,278
3 4°9
52
3
1
2
14
25
180
45
16
5
30
62
1
16
1
260
678
97
30
2,840
416
420
16
118
99
686
5
49
763
584
300
712
721
516
8
13
1,242
249
108
15
94
56
509
4
33
397
34
1
4,142
362
467
21
27
17
5, 466
594
803
33
35
2
2
1
4
3
1
1
7
5
4
1
58
11
3
1
4
3
3
10
1
1
1
8
30
1
2
4
14
54
24
145
1
9
215
1
6
15
1
1
36
13
460
95
179
107
29
4
2
21
27
2
2
3
8
73
63
251
226
170
30
4
1
1
499
144
108
116
17
6
860
234
495
ooo
1
2
230
262
1
29
37
1
1
527
263
73
14
142
16
12
1
14
11
1
14
13
8
3
56
G
1
303
89
41
2
61
428
o
37
o
7
9
2
540
256
60
3
34
4
6
24
4
16
13
3
1
6
oo
4
2°
1
3
1
1
0
1
1
18
8
2
2
4
3
1
2
1
63
81
41
36
26
9
10
1
6
4
7
3
1
o
1
1
1
565
289
54
411
256
383
285
25
o
1
C36
2°7
196
5,030
3.1J4
846
4
1
4
434
180
70
140
45
]
52
1
99
1
2
23
34
12
2
10
G
43
21
1
61
2
„
1
2
6
11
14
8
56
191
388
194
18
C66
25
56
16
11
15
36
20
8
35
26
14
9
8
64
23
3
1
5
7
17
G
1
30
1
4
11
2
2
1
2
168
3
11
6
58
3
1
63
47
1
3
34
46
3
8
4
0
4
1
5
|
13
8, 390
125
6,416
165
5,487
55
7,574
87
12, 159
71
9,317
11,132 91
114, COS
640
326
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE LI. —ARMY OF THE POTOMAC— Continued.
YK.H 1»«8.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
104, 395.
102, 489.
107, 541.
97, 402.
100, 430.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
9,628
2
20
16
1
12,929
2
38
358
10
56
2
1
12, 656
4
41
243
50
o
9,541
3
180
4
30
1
1
9,379
o
44
132
81
2
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
OHDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
392
7
3
7
4
11
1
1
1
1
15
1
1
6
120
1
1
3
140
4
215
5
2
0
3
7
147
11
18
4
3
1
98
4
37
11
161
11
90
15
6
3
84
2
52
5
1
(' os ' g .
143
6
5
2
3
1
72
3
°2
6
1
1
1
1
7
2
ORDER 11. — Diseases of Eye.
70
4
45
7
100
4
19
o
' n a l f J
4
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
16
2
9
3
44
97
4
1
32
5
6
10
56
2
18
1
3
1
2
1
15
39
~1 0
"••>' Oth D° '
44
1
9
1
1
1
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
19
2
1
6
1
2
18
19
9
3^
1
3
~4 Valvul' r Diseise of He-irt
11
3
1
12
o
o
n- D ^f- ii tir
1
70 DroV of Pericardium
1
1
2
2
2
2
70 Jnflammitiou of V ins
1
63
26
9
24
32
28
15
1
35
518
70
3
1
31
74
77
11
60
246
21
16
2
29
477
53
1
3
38
68
72
7
45
240
27
5
11
239
1
1
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
1
180
39
361
42
85. Chronic Bronchitis
48
86. Dropsy of Chest
87. Haemorrhage from Noso -
10
9
24
53
23
6
20
32
91
10
75
2
27
48
76
5
35
319
457
88. Inflammation of Larynx
89. Inflammation of Lungs .
1
o
1
1
1
5
90. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Haemorrhage from Lungs
92. Other Diseases of this Order
38
389
301
138
o
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
390
94. Constipation
444
159
2
205
333
17
3
9
83
95. Cholera Mortms
2
101
]
6
155
1
43
1
13
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
o
8
205
98. Dyspepsia
114
118
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
101. Fistula in Ano
11
66
1
10
59
1
8
67
1
7
67
1
6
44
1
102. Hernia
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
12, 155
21
15, 826
68
15, 233
56
11, 827
42
11, 478
96
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
TABLE LI. —ARMY OF THE POTOMAC— Continued.
18(53.
18(54.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
Al'IUL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
99, 625.
89, 241.
98, 127.
104, 916.
136,115.
115, 385.
98, 384.
104, 504.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
7-1
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
8,390
3
29
133
8
5
125
3
1
6,416
3
21
103
3
3
165
3
1
5,487
1
37
137
8
3
1
4
14
158
12
55
1
7,574
1
46
192
17
7
2
3
16
172
87
1
12, 159
. 1
68
285
71
1
1
9,317
3
24
100
0
13
2
11,132
2
20
137
4
1
91
1
114, 608
27
420
2,392
92
31
10
28
115
1,685
101
902
133
42
17
1,301
63
345
44
840
20
9
1
2
11
1
4
5
10
219
1
16
6
4
3
4 i
2
4
1
1
4
2
1
1
2
10
149
4
5
11
125
6
2
1
2
1
3
82
1
9
69
9
320
10
2
1
69
4
35
3
10
1
10
8
48
11
g
1
1
1
12
246
8
2
2
65
3
18
4
3
12
12
2
1
106
4
16
2
1
9
3
4
82
9
1
4
5
o
1
99
3
7
3
180
10
14
2
276
17
13
8
24
61
2
4
5
6
8
22
32
10
2
10
4
33
O
17
8
41
7
1
21
4
1
7
2
2
27
9
4
70
909
94
1
1
136
246
137
9
324
21
15
52
5
5
15
6
11
5
109
66
304
364
7
191
25
11
51
15
11
372
211
65
389
5,931
754
17
56
580
1,346
1,00]
137
1,364
2,829
3,813
579
15
99
1,305
4
6
84
754
21
4
o
1
o
3
15
1
3
1
10
6
2
17
1
1
4
3
16
5
1
4
3
1
25
2
41
3
1
10
1
7
1
2
1
17
3
2
57
26
16
55
910
97
I
3
13
10
8
28
648
66
o
o
18
8
1
67
708
128
35
36
14
8
17
704
52
7
3
69
171
74
9
239
25
16
2
12
1
1
1
2
1
6
2
9
1
o
9
150
50
4
2
2
1
127
15
3
9
8
43
30
15
3
261
187
38
o
6
64
141
84
9
91
239
262
19
5
14
103
1
1
38
2
5
119
289
163
20
351
207
505
12
8
19
67
53
9
7
231
• 227
1
26
1
40
143
91
10
96
111
236
8
1
17
1
1
16
28
o
3
131
5
1
7
1
29
1
4
1
1
2
2
90
106
326
1
270
11
1
10
77
10
1
2
4
79
4
•
1
16
93
1
1
o
11
12°
4
43
2
113
o
1
9
61
1
4
58
1
o
1
3
83
3
3
59
16
80
o
5
1
72
1
3
10, 975
170
8,584
205
7,985
85
10, 958
130
16, 374
118
11,095
21
12, 752
112 II 145,242 1,122
328
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OP WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LI.— ARMY OF THE POTOMAC— Concluded.
YEAU
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBEU.
NOVEMBER.
104, 395.
102, 489.
107, 541.
97, 402.
100, 430.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
eaths.
ases.
eaths.
Cases. Deaths.
3ases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
2,155
15
54
6
10
1
30
1
81
249
16
10
21
5,826
6
85
66
1
15,233
7
85 .
56
1
1,827
3
94
42
1,478
96
OHDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
84
15
10
1
42
15
3
35
1
3
13
5
3
22
o
17
4
2
30
13
91
226
1
o
1
1
25
22 j
16
105
119
257
104
229
204
16
13
40
11
1
7
1
10
21
30
9
3
3
1
7
27
8
6
6
4
2
1
10
1
4
2
18
5
8
8
2
OUDEU VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
7
8
1
5
13
4
33
9
1L
1
5
2
3
11
5
iseas.s
28
8
6
7
7
1
1
10
o
11J. In ma i B1,ld(1gr
6
20
• n urama
18
o
1~^' ~*C°n 1
3
4
2
1
8
1
13
4
2
1
15
OEDEB VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
L r • J
.
~ ' ti of Bo e
9« V f P '
3
1
4
2
6
212
8
3
1
223
451
• a
1
3
363
1,096
67
171
89
2
353
733
48
78
33
38
152
ORDEK IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
174
429
13° Boils
437
23
47
61
°9
35
44
76
44
30
76
36
59
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
OUDEK I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
43
172
e
166
137
133
138. Concussion of Brain ...
1
3
5
139. Drowning
4
0
140. Sprains
120
12
122
160
10
19
152
2
23
173
4
16
1,209
179
141. Dislocation .
142. Simple Fractures
°2
16
86
97
17
18
6°
3
143. Compound Fractures
68
10, 569
102
2
441
0
3
806
104
19
10
35
1
51
144. Gunshot Wounds
6
230
73
20
15
49
145. Incised Wounds
146. Lacerated Wounds
66
1
3
3
26
147. Punctured Wounds
2
12
O1?
1
14
7
34
1
148. Poisoning1
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
29
4
150. OUDEK II. — Homicide
1
1
9
151. ORDER III. — Suicide
152. OUDEr, IV. — Execution of Sentence
3
Total
24, 732
470
19,00
92
17, 871
83
14,549
97
14, 753
151
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
329
TABLE LI. —ARMY OF THE POTOMAC— Concluded.
18G3. 18G4.
DECEMBEU. JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
Al'RIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
99, 625. 89, 241.
98, 127.
104,916. 136,115.
115, 385.
98,384. j: 104,504.
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. ]| Cases.
Deaths.
10, 975
2
117
19
8
2
23
19
76
162
9
8
5
11
3
5
14
7
14
4
4
g
1
6
170
8,584
2
113
18
9
2
11
25
97
116
25
205
7,985
7
180
13
9
3
14
9
107
111
8
10
4
10
1
6
26
9
8
85
10, 958
8
313
17
C
. 1
130
16, 374
3
383
18
8
3
37
18
101
236
83
3
3
15
118
1
I
11, 095
1
113
6
21
12, 752
3
35
6
2
112
145, 242
57
1,656
163
93
21
273
168
1,104
2,341
1,122
3
1
4
14
4
3
1
1
2
1
4
1
2
1
1
14
13
04
143
15
9
1
14
1
3
3
79
197
4
7
2
3
12
4
80
211
1
1
1
2
11
9
97
29
103
9
110
270
104
142
41
67
33
29
129
14
78
33
27
3,009
5,469
338
920
753
635
2,421
31
4
3
1
13
1
1
o
2
2
4
8
24
14
9
3
8
1
1
8
1
8
7
1
234
282
14
26
13
36
29
16
18
4
12
9
4
27
5
12
5
17
5
6
3
4
o
7
3
5
1
4
!
1
11
5
9
9
1
2
4
o
3
1
6
13
3
4
3
1
245
1
7
5
1
3
1
2
4
17
5
3
2
9
2
1
90
262
8
402
503
30
250
408
25
87
43
68
19-1
3
350
113
284
17
61
50
43
224
1
353
18
99
231
9
43
95
43
256
5
15
82
21
40
90
24
86
91
113
33
55
182
50
i
1
76
302
1
o
6
6
15
1
321
5
1
o
0
2
182
o
0
1
i
1
1
o
187
7
16
2
80
2-19
20
14
24
167
13
17
231
9
21
1
226
242
31
13
4
48
238
405
23
40
7
123
275
50
38
10
29
96
5
85
2 186
15
4
107
255
9
60
22, 596
52
11L
13
17
34
4
54
298
36
6
5
53
5
87
287
33
23
6
41
1
8
1
1
9
322
1
5
23
13, 173
39
42
13
00
181
49, 239
1,997
471
190
216
422
6
1,488
3
6
I
1
17
G
5
16
15
6
1
17
549
1
1
3
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
23
1
3
1
13, 185
199
10, 649
225
10, 313
113
13, 757
144
20,005
140
35, 350 357
27,361
608
221, 548
*''"'
330
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE ML
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
16, 634.
13, 148.
13, 567.
16, 666.
17, 588.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
33
1
248
13
19
9
57
5
12
12
17
8
9
]
1
7
3
2
17
1
18
1
373
470
5
867
759
2
217
1,189
899
404
6
<<74
95
132
7
3
4
259
1,246
1,111
3
3
63
743
1,254
665
0
1,264
20
5
965
46
149
5
5
33
3
633
99
175
26
11
1
1
1]
27
640
109
157
35
8
1
' r Uai V
3
1
2
o
6
7
1
1
992
49
143
3
G
1
4
o
6
3
1
5
1
3
' „ J ' .
15
1
o
24
2
61
19
47
67
1
1
1
120
1
43
13
115
4
28
2
26
9
89
7
73
115
.
42
78
12
60
98
11
21 Oth D f thi Order
1
28
16
37
8
4
29
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
55
4
1
1
20
2
•>6 1 t O hthalmi'
27 Serpent Bite
!
1
13
13
2
7
OKDEU III. — Dietic Diseases.
29 Scurvy ..
8
16
20
35
31. Delirium Tremeus
1
3
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS 11.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
OKDEU I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
0
36. Acute Rheumatism
58
49
1
34
34
9
9
35
67
16
76
66
16
2
96
"70
3
37. Chronic Rheumatism
38. Ansemia
1
39. General Dropsy
40. Cancer
1
41. Tumors
o
1
49,. Other Diseases of this Order
OKDEU II. — Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
11
3
9
10
2
14
3
4
2
9
3
3
44. Scrofula
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch
11
6
o
1
10
1
o
44
47. Tape-worm
48. Other Intestinal Worms
4
1
: 3
1
49. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
1
3,396
28
3,906
39 4, 428
40
4,120
28
3,656
10
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
331
TABLE LIL
of the Department of Virginia.
1863.
1804.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
19, 484.
18, 335.
19, 032.
22, 362.
47, 257.
44, 747.
50, 436.
24, 938.
Cases. ! Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
1
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1C
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
17
3
18
3
10
1
12
1
5
4
33
1
5
40
2
42
8
1
41
3
55
10
343
13
538
77
1
16
16
3
3
38
117
2
29
471
673
39
41
367
56
72
15
7
3
21
376
422
23
400
355
20
3
304
43
74
9
19
56
82
24
382
582
159
882
1,444
53
47
1,507
106
217
C
25
24
137
10
228
557
1
175
911
913
28
23
2,673
1
439
987
860
108
34
6,007
293
1,233
2,049
8, 816
10, 442
735
232
15,644
1,168
2,890
28€
176
132
805
10
420
592
1,435
735
1,060
1,508
256
28
20
4
55
108
78
8
9
3
1
7
1,492
1,101
171
15
o
22
16
3
18
19
290
83
44
10
14
17
3
1
24
292
42
38
6
23
11
208
2
1
2
3
11
7
16
20
9
1
6
12
1
o
1
1
1
147
456
108
28
15
52
58
1
27
4
304
3
2
1
1
2
5
4
15
11
109
10
62
91
18
1
9
1
12
18
97
31
100
107
20
1
18
100
234
18
135
159
1
13
102
12
120
42
235
22
83
212
133
209
48
1
1
130
65
89
7
5
29
226
1
2
114
111
27
5
390
5:
8
0
38
7
•
o
4
5
2
5
1
5
2
1
30
2
8
1
7
19
o
25
3
14
3
1
1
1
2
0
i
2
1
2
3
1
1
137
147
10
4
325
191
20
128
80
16
3
107
C7
17
110
37
5
1
221
165
i
132
27
161
20
I
2
1
4
3
1
3
8
1
5
14
20
7
4
2
17
129
57
1
440
12
31
1
o
5
6
4
1
30
19
5
3
o
18
2
9
12
1
11
17
35
°9
88
3
3
69
2
300
0
2
2
1
14
1
2,396
8
1,913
9
2,002
12
2,722
15
6, 939
19
6,915
6
11, 706
22
54,099
236
332
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LIL— DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA— Continued.
YE AU
1803.
MOXTII
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOHEIl.
NOVEMBER.
16, 634.
13, 148.
13,567.
16, 666.
17, 588.
MEAN STRENGTH ...
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
3, 396
28
3,906
1
11
75
1
3
1
3'J
1
1
4,428
2
13
38
4
40
o
4,120
28
3,656
10
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
OUDER I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
9
48
6
55
2
5
59
1
o
2
1
1
1
39
1
1
5
18
1
11
1
o
2
38
•58* N f '
33
3
20
5
41
3
* i>e V s.
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
" "'
16
14
15
15
18
1
13
1
3
7
3
16
6
1
14
5
2
1
13
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
68 Earache
5
4
2
o
70. Deafness
3
8
1
4
7
5
o
4
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
3
1
1
7
2
7
]
2
o
1
1
2
2
1
13
8
13
7
13
20
12
12
3
18
61
11
11
9
1
12
82. Other Diseases of this Order
1
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma
8
48
7
7
20
6
17
139
9
1
2
3
9
11
1
192
26
85. Chronic Bronchitis .
86. Dropsy of Chest
1
87. Haemorrhage from Nose
2
2
88. Inflammation of Larynx
8
1
7
1
3
21
19
89. Inflammation of Lungs
1
4
13
11
1
2
1
90. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Haemorrhage from Lungs . .
2
92. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
12
68
65
50
1
80
53
21
70
81
11
38
98
1
94. Constipation
114
41
2
9"). Cholera Morbus
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
1
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
1
15
2
98. Dyspepsia
4°
20
8
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Discuses of Spleen
1
1
j
7
101. Fistula in Ano
2
3
20
3
20
102. Hernia
31
SI
27
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
1
1
Carried forward
4.00R
31
4,369
44
4,907
47
4,712
34
4,315
11
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
TABLE LII.-DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA— Continued.
18G3.
1864.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
19, 484.
18, 335.
19, 032.
22, 362.
47, 257.
44, 747.
50, 436.
24, 038.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
7,~>
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
9C
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
2,396
1
9
52
2
8
1,913
9
2,002
1
10
18
1
1
1
12
2, 722
15
6,939
1
22
19
6,915
1
12
148
2
1
1
6
1
11, 706
22
54, 099
7
143
942
236
4
1
5
65
20
21
51
1
1
142
8
2
1
191
1
1
1
o
10
5
1
61
544
31
205
61
9
3
396
15
2oo
6
2
i
1
1
1
39
o
0
o
1
31
2
12
08
3
5
67
104
24
o
°8
52
22
96
6
69
11
1
2
3
1
1
1
0
1
4
6
6
1
1
4
5
03
3
6
.
1
23
9.
1
77
2
20
31
1
4
18
3
21
85
3
54
1
5
1
o
7
5
»
58
47
34
71
40
5
71
9
2
8
o
160
111
18
' 133
1,904
243
1
6
1
2
6
o
18
5
11
5
6
5
8
14
1
1
3
7
10
12
10
3
1
11
1
19
.1
1
8
1
3
1
1
1
1
4
2
1
1
15
2
2
o
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
11
6
1
7
122
15
6
12
205
30
11
9
7
14
11
16
17
2
15
355
13
12
....
8
9
188
11
1
o
1
13
237
1
o
1
1
6
164
45
9
173
24
1
31
1
1
56
89
45
5
57
81
259
3
18
*-O
2
12
6
30
252
344
206
2
14
34
16
3
2
45
73
34
7
41
32
5
101
30
26
1
10
87
214
18
1
6
24
4
2
43
54
106
1
2
14
18
23
12
2
31
6
4
50
28
103
1
2
11
8
4
31
1
38
224
see
1, 655
233
4
6
3G8
3
1
17
210
1
28
9G
125
0
341
85
o
1
~""|l
1
29
1
14
1
76
9
35
44
24
8
24
339
3
j
19
1
5
2
4
41
4
30
o
26
o-.
74
1
i
3,110
10 1 2,584
11
2, 575
15
3,533
' 31
8,457
30
8,271
17
13, 387
2t;
64, 226
307
334
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LII. -DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA— Concluded.
YEAH
1803.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
16, 634.
13, 148.
13, 567.
16, 660.
17,588.
LIST OF DISEASES.
3ases.
Deaths.
Jases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
4,006
31
4,369
3
14
3
3
44
4,907
1
24
5
2
1
4
3
53
31
47
4,712
34
4,315
1
59
11
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
13
32
3
o
1
1
2
7
1
35
57
11
5
5
3
7
2
38
44
40
18
2
36
59
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
3
1
1
1
o
1
3
2
8
2
2
1
3
3
3
1
2
9
1
3
11
4
11
1
1
2
1
3
17
1
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
5
3
2
5
1
1
130 Other Diseases of this Order
1
61
133
7
11
24
5
62
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
146
140
6
14
55
9
36
233
50
133
1
58
105
3
16
56
3
31
132 Boils
170
3
31
17
2
30
133. Carbuncle
134. Whitlow
16
18
1
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns....
18
138. Concussion of Brain
1
140. Sprains
22
21
1
7
28
34
52
141. Dislocation
1
6
o
1
5
1
5
11
9
1
1
1
7
5
5
o
143. Compound Fractures . . .
1
11
11
5
1
144. Gunshot Wounds
30
19
4
3
4
9
6
11
11
5
5
2
2
2
1
145. Incised Wounds
146. Lacerated Wounds
147. Punctured Wounds
148. Poisoning
1
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
1
3
1
1
1
150. ORDER II. — Homicide
151. ORDER III.— Suicide
152. ORDBR IV. — Execution of Sentence
1
Total
4,656
40
5,021
46
5,357
51
5,202
38
4,892
13
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.
335
TABLE LII. -DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA— Concluded.
18G3.
1804.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
19, 484.
18, 335.
19, 032.
22, 362.
47, 257.
44, 747.
50, 436.
24, 938.
Cases. : Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
104
103
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
J24
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
14'J
147
148
149
150
151
152
3,110
10
2,584
11
2,575
1
74
2
5
15
3,533
31
8,457
30
8,271
17
13, 387
26
64,226
6
842
46
34
4
69
18
467
C76
42
34
2
8
2
27
307
53
5
2
55
117
o
233
7
8
102
2
4
1
11
3
66
96
4
1
66
10
1
2
6
1
6
o
1
4
1
3
6
4
37
41
5
5
o
9
3
1
61
78
8
6
36
38
11
36
6
1
21
35
33
143
6
14
3
1
1
1
2
12
7
8
9
1
3
1
7
4
1
6
]
9
4
9
1
10
4
8
2
3
1
2
66
27
77
8
6
12
10
40
11
8
8
6
934
1,764
53
ogo
4
1
o
1
3
2
3
11
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
5
11
2
1
1
82
174
11
34
75
1
4
2
5
1
1
1
1
2
o
]
2
2
33
89
2
99
279
43
148
3
20
33
9
79
29
23
77
182
6
31
56
10
126
1
119
4
92
1
16
45
3
77
3
°6
21
24
4
74
56
133
7
100
44
9
53
1
580
83
833
3
21
1
1
1
147
1
o
1
2
1
50
3
4
I
11
25
17
13
40
23
48
2
1
2
19
15
1°5
87
1
11
24
3,008
34
20
7
5
9
88
4
6
21
618
19
CO
55
6,302
219
128
72
16
41
4
12
...
11
5
11
2
3
1
8
1°
2
23
35
1
1
48
2
1
1
10
3,158
36
24
21
15
2
1
7
6
6
23
1
9
7
2
1
\
1
1
2
1
7
6
1
1
n
1
7
3,743
14
! 3,086
12
3,059
17
4,099
33
9,840
40
12, 279
30
17,620
49
78,854
383
336
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LIIL
Abstract of the /Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
10, 844.
11, 651.
12, 607.
9, 986.
9, 336.
MEAN OTRENGTH
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OUDEK I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
18
1
30
1
92
3
1
3
18
1
31
o
48
12
19
7
1
2
17
' „
53
7
1
10
1
1,007
1,549
2
741
2,152
0
31 •!
1,315
1
144
1,449
806
13
4
307
45
104
4
1
463
358
24
8
409
45
93
21
7' T °f d T
1,448
108
15
520
68
62
7
12
1,621
57
1, 329
231
1
1
1
4
9
514
2
15
374
42
110 '
8
1
6
2
1
54
164
25
7
1
1
1
3
1
1
2
1
2
7
18 Diphtheria
1
4
46
O"7
12
O7
1
1
43
95
13
41
4
1
35
95
21
58
8
1
1
1
44
75
19
30
6
44
62
01 nt> IT ' • o a
1
1
ORDER II. — EntUetic Diseases.
22 Syphilis
18
38
3
24 Orchitis
25 Stricture of the Urethra
26 Purulent Ophthalmia
1
27. Serpent Bite
28. Other Diseases of this Order
2
16
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy.
7
11
10
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens
5
1
1
3
1
32. Inebriation
33. Chronic Alcoholism
1
34. Other Diseases of this Order
13
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER l.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
1
32
36. Acute Rheumatism
30
41
20
33
43
41
1
31
17
60
42
17
90
37. Chronic Rheumatism
36
63
3
38. Anaemia
39. General Dropsy
40. Cancer
j
41. Tumors
42. Other Diseases of this Order
5
4
1
ORDER II.— Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
3
3
1
5
3
1
2
2
44. Scrofula
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch
1
5
1
6
47. Tape-worm
48. Other Intestinal Worms
1
2
49. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
2,238
12
5,283
17
5,724
12
4,114
23
3,180
9
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
337
TABLE LIII.
of the Department of North Carolina.
1863.
1864.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
9, 414.
11, 030.
12, 953.
12, 446.
8, 027.
7, 288.
7, 126.
10, 226.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
3
4
5
G
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
24
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
3'J
40
41
42
43
44
45
4fi
47
48
49
1
7
1
16
4
4
23
1
3
o
11
1
19
4
211
18
213
26
o
16
1
2
4
2
1
41
716
639
15
5
162
57
60
3
7
55
64
703
570
14
1
163
22
34
4
11
4
41
1
17
3
45
1
47
809
789
3
6
163
22
52
612
1
31
472
253
6
78
389
250
2,989
11, 193
9,075
519
7
564
588
17
4
165
25
46
424
18
5
177
25
13
1
1
2
4
72
4,361
451
898
85
79
15
167
2
27
51
19
1
14
7
5
700
685
31
55
'1
o
2
15
108
1
1
41
10
9
2
13
1
14
4
78
4
4
21
3
1
5
1
3
1
9
1
2
5
72
1
17
32
2
1
1
4
15
3
3
8
46
19
29
2
1
38
1
12
24
1
2
3
14
7
1
00
384
439
220
392
51
8
0
1
24
2
31
25
1
11
15
31
2
1
23
21
16
5
1
1
5
41
8
3
10
o
1
1
|
4
1
16
1
1
1
1
48
1
1
1
1
11
3
1
13
1
446
311
381
4
1
1
1
26
21
24
27
23
48
47
23
16
78
26
28
27
17
12
18
1
22
1
11
1
2
i
1
0
0
1
6
7
48
23
I
3
1
4
2
I
5
1
5
1
7
4
1
5
7
o
8
7
2
38
15
18
1
14
28
17
145
1
8
1
o
2
1,865 1 G
1
1,756
4
1,906
10
2,215
3
1,601
10
1,810
4
1,717
6
33,409
116
338
SICKNESS AND MOETALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LIIL— DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA— Continued.
YEAU
18(33
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
10, 844.
11, 651.
12, 607.
9, 986.
9, 336.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
O OQQ
/;, /:oH
12
5,283
17
5, 724
1
3
67
1
12
1
4,114
5
1
22
,
3,180
9
CLASS IV. -LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
5
13
85
8
81
1
1
1
1
1
o
1
16
' ^ _ g .
16
1
16
22
10
1
22
Q' "e *.
2
-n q ' t k
°5
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
o
03 Cataract
13
»
15
8
2
1
o
4
1
4
3
9
2
1
5
6
7
2
1
67 Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
68 Earache
14
3
11
3
1
70 Deafness - -
3
1
1
2
5
1
4
72 Other Diseases of this Order
1
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Oryans of Circulation.
3
3
4
5
1
1
1
1
i
1
79. Inflammation of Veins
!
7
3
9
5
4
1
4
7
62
5
5
1
3
4
130
11
81. Varicocelo
82. Other Diseases of this Order
5
3
1G8
2
1
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma . .
5
43
1
C
72
84. Acuto Bronchitis
85. Chronic Bronchitis ..
7
21
86. Dropsy of Chest
87. Hwmorrhagc from Nose
1
3
7
9
6
4
o
6
2
7
8
1
„
88. Inflammation of Larynx
15
16
10
5
1
12
89. Inflammation of Lungs
18
3
1
1
12
9
1
4
00. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Haemorrhage from Lun^s
92. Other Diseases of this Order. .
o
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
31
123
6
47
129
44
25
14
94. Constipation
89
3
53
71
1
95. Cholera Morbus
3
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
2
10
7
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease .
11
20
3
17
1
5
35
4
11
98. Dyspepsia
99. Diseases of Pancreas
!
100. Diseases of Spleen
2
3
7
1
3
1
10
7
8
1
r
101. Fistula in Ano
1
10
102. Hernia
11
103. Hiemorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
2,693
13
5,817
18
6,177
14
4,521
26
3,573
13
'DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1804.
339
TABLE LIU.— DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA— Continued.
1863.
1864.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEHRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
9, 414.
11, 030.
12, 953.
12, 446.
8, 027.
7, 288.
7,126.
10, 226.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
01
62
63
64
65
60
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
8-2
83
84
85
8C
87
88
89
9C
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
<1<)
1,865
1
3
40
1
6
a
1,756
4
1, 906
1
2
33
10
1
2,215
3
1,601
10
1,810
1
3
27
4
1
1,717
6
33, 409
9
49
540
9
3
8
1
8
197
17
5°
11G
5
3
42
1
46
1
0
4
4
34
3
35
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
10
o
8
21
25
2
13
15
19
0
2
3
1
1
1
9
1
4
2
139
8
°9
1
1
10
1
1
15
12
21
17
ft
5
2
4
1
4
1
1
8
36
22
2
1
3
3
1
3
3
4
3
o
c,
3
2
9
13
23
30
4
42
0
1
7
3
2
55
19
15
62
1,059
111
1
1
6
1
8
o
1
5
1
1
1
1
0
4
5
1
6
1
i
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
12
2
2
7
193
9
o
3
2
3
2
o
1
1
1
4
105
1
3
1
1
7
75
7
i
12
121
5
1
30
23
4
39
6
o
1
21
13
6
||
1
15
1
9
27
18
]
114
17
71
2
16
102
210
113
14
358
290
25
13
11
1
14
15
30
6
21
9
2
17
10
24
2
49
13
i
o
30
13
2
77
14
47
1
4
6
10
IS
1
4
6
2
24
2
44
24
60
21
46
16
28
75
77
840
35
2
47
ir.<j
15
1
1
5
16
o
4
11
2
1°
1
S
1
9
4
9
100
101
102
103
1
3
1
3
1
3
o
5
1
<j
3
40
13
90
8
1
6
2
5
1
12
5
1
4
1
2, J79
10
2,090
8
2,459
14
2,748
11
1,952
16
2,139
6
1,992
9
38,340
158
340
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LIII.— DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA— Concluded.
y EAII
18133.
MOXTU
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
10, 844.
11, 651.
12, 607.
9, 986.
9,336.
LIST OF DISEASES.
3ases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases, j Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
2,693
13
5,817
18
6,177
14
4,521
26
3,573
13
OiutER VI.— Disease* of Digestive Organs— Continued.
17
7
1
14
4
16
1
1
1
3
14
34
22
10
37
1
38
2
1
0
1
0
7
4
28
21
3
4
10
20
0
1
50
40
18
1
36
24
14
1
1 . a
13
2
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
D- b ( ,
1
3
2
8
1
1
7
3
3
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
1
29
4
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess
31
Og
35
78
5
20
53
3
13
6
9
132. Boils
97
4
11
20
139
8
32
9
1
33
07
133. Carbuncle ..
134. Whitlow
17
16
2
6
9
2
135. Skin Diseases
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
137. Contusions
3°
23
13
138. Concussion of Brain
1
139. Drowning
o
1
i
140. Sprains
55
19
00
11
1
9
141. Dislocation
1
3
142. Simple Fractures
o
1
143. Compound Fractures
1
5
2
1
1
144. (tunsUot Wounds
21
5
3
1
1
12
5
2
1
6
4
2
5
1
145. Incised Wounds
146. Lacerated Wounds
1
147. Punctured Wounds.
3
1
7
148. Poisoning
5
6
1
1
1
1
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
1
1
1
150. ORDER II.— Homicide
151. OHDER III. — Suicide
1
152. ORDER IV.— Execution of Sentence.
Total
3,128
17
6,269
25
6,514
18
4,791
27
3, 760
16
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18(34.
341
TABLE LIIL— DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA— Concluded.
1803.
18(54.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNK.
TOTAL.
9, 414.
11, 030.
12, 953.
12,446.
8, 027.
7, 288.
7, 126.
10, 226.
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
14G
147
148
149
150
151
152
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
2,179
2
21
4
1
10
2,090
8
2,459
1
CO
o
14
2, 748
1
60
<)
11
1, 952
1
25
16
2,139
2
19
4
6
1,992
o
9
38,340
9
302
38
14
9
30
C4
20G
158
41
1
1
1
14
3
5
1
1
1
1
o
1
2
]
1
1
5
2
5
9
9
1
1
6
2
1
15
5
4
14
5
10
14
3
10
14
7
7
19
1
3
12
3
1
13
2
1
68
4
0
1
2
1
1
1
1
10
;
1
3
1
6
1
o
1
3
2
1
o
11
37
11
19
6
7
o
1
48
o
1
1
1
2
1
1
5
o
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
o
1
o
1
1
1
14
71
1
o
10
5
310
749
1
"• .
1
2
2
27
37
3
11
45
3
37
1
28
1
12
41
43
3
4
6
9
20
41
58
1
8
43
9
48
]
4
17
53
45
3
8
19
32
132
°G3
16
41
2
34
1
32
12
45
3°0
33
32
23
]3
1
o
1
13
5
1
1
1
25
19
41
23
7
14
267
1
3
10
20
6
1
*-8
4
1
5
14
1
3
105
95
24
18
21
6
2
1
1
2
3
21
G
1
9
13
0
2
10
5
1
3
7
0
15
4
1
2
i
3
4
0
5
10
1
1
2
1
4
21
0
1
48
G
1
2,841
i
2,402
M
2,384
13
20
3,118
J5
2,198
17
2,358
9
2,237
12 42, 000
203
342
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OP WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LIV.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1863.
MOXTU
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
21, 917.
28, 160.
28, 339.
28, 948.
30, 503.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. I Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS |.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Miasmatic Diseases.
66
1
132
13
1
4
96
5
11
2
5
97
1
247
19
39
12
28
o
76
5
2
5
' ^^ ° T^
9
126
7
326
480
836
803
116
3
4,450
268
477
32
6
3
381
596
662
7
376
508
649
52
o
1
242
481
531
40
45
2,039
268
274
55
8
4
937
1,059
R' Q611 a I rmittent Fever
104
19
2,249
47
15
4,942
560
788
51
5
4
2
5
4
5
4
9
16
14
7
10
3,168
410
485
50
3
6
4
47
12
6
1
28
]1
3
122
460
11
4
3
3
1
1
10
i-O
1
29
13
F
6
4
6
80
6
4
10
6
1
4
2
9
4
95
4
17
28
3
1
113
2
38
36
3
5
1
2
293
252
13
16
24
OKDEH 11. — Enthetic Diseases.
51
81
7
1
2
1
4
40
4
1
1
28 Other Diseases of this Order
1
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy .
4
47
94
2
34
1
3
1
1
1
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens
1
32. Inebriation
1
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
1
3
96
38
105
21
I
1
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER l.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
3
146
90
68
30. Acute Rheumatism..
155
149
75
82
168
59
37. Chronic Rheumatism
79
77
1
38. Anaemia
53
5
39. G eneral Dropsy
40. Cancer
41. Tumors
4
9
12
4
2
14
15
4
3
9
3
42. Other Diseases of this Order .
10
9
1
ORDEll II.— Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
14
2
2
1
2
o
4
44. Scrofula
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch
55
1
1
0
10
47. Tape-worm
1
10
48. Other Intestinal Worms
6
3
1
4
49. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
5,995
31
8,413
39
8,973
93
6,626
102
4,889
72
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4
343
TABLE LIY.
of the Department of the South.
1803.
1804.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
32, 307.
26, 033.
29, 442.
27, 738.
9, 589.
9, 788.
10, 125. 23, 574.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. : Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
24
25
26
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
18
3 :
7
1
6
5
1
4
9
1
21
2
396
9
1,011
68
5
38
43 4 i
19
o
26
28
10
1
66
1
129
338
509
58
1,255
294
194
18
17
7
9
1
57
333
72
78
344
431
33
114
85
44
158
150
187
147
160
4
8
C57
2 i
2,405
5,070
5, 826
19
I
278
407
71
8
661
138
74
8
12
360
31
0
26
14
750
103
96
3
24
34
75
1
4
43
213
14
43
99
8
1
o
4
553
1 !
3
13
525
1
139
21, 530
2,315
3,265
232
108
70
246
2
80
141
1 918
22
139
53
20
4
10
4
1
7
549
69
116
2
1
1
285
28
3
2
4
1
9
60
19
127
55
114
4
4
1
o
1
1
10
8
3
9
4
6
1
3
16
10
3
1
7
11
2 i
4
262
1
1
5
48
30
16
24
26
3
8
31
20
11
1
31
329
11
54
109
12
1
1
190
15
90
30
29
10
215
20
33
18
7
1
1
24
25
354
497
86
15
13
4
29
269
2
8
5
4
16
6
1,596
1
24
13
7
1
6
1
3
1
16
12
1
3
o
17
0
5
10
4
6
1
3
2
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
4
11
1
261
116
60
193
112
109
144
76
4
75
30
8
49
32
51
80
1
33
820
496
1
5
3
14
1
1
26
71
302
33
4
19
7
5
1
3
4
o
3
9
7
5
6
5
5
11
•2
1
1
1
5
o
5
14
0
24
43
31
g
3
3
5
4
200
1
9
26
1
1
,
3, 936
45
2,685
12
2,168
8
2,734
24
895
0
1,299
4
1,629
9 50,242 , 411
344
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE LIV.— DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH— Continued
YHAU
1803.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBEK.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
21, 917.
28, 160.
28, 339.
28, 948.
30, 503.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
5,995
31
8,413
39
8,973
93
6,626
102
4,889
72
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
OKDER I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
3
153
1
132
3
91
o
83
1
1
4
C8
1
1
1
I
4
1
1
1
1
j6. Inflammation o , p
9
49
8
22
3
41
3
1
30
1
3
61
1
1
45
'' °S " .
26
3
25
o
20
44
1
W P -•
' ' '
1
51
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
1
64
1
50
1
4
1
38
°7
31
5
~ u n f I;..sJ
1
4°
67
1
19
3
3
3
55
4
12
1
OUDKR 111. — Diseases of Ear.
3
1
3
13
0
1
1
4
1
8
8
11
28
OHDEE IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
"4 V 1 - 1 Di f H
6
19
O
11
3
4
1
2
.
6
„_ f H t I)'
1
"G D l ^ f P '
2
P J ' .
1
2
o
o
2
10
16
6
13
1
10
80
1°
8
10
o
1]
179
9
4
7
1
21
12
4
3
1
OllDEK V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma
13
120
9
230
340
13
1
15
8G. Dropsy of Chest
87. ] hemorrhage from Xosc
88. Inflammation of Larynx
7
7
4
3
11
19
21
4
5
14
22
7
33
119
140
00
7
10
21
12
89. Inflammation of Lungs
1
1
3
13
17
4
64
113
75
1
90. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Haemorrhage from Lungs
1
2
181
120
92. Other Diseases of this Order
OHDEU VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
150
170
139
51
1
94. Constipation
104
38
97
93. Cholera Morbus
1
6
9G. Cirrhosis of Liver
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
1
31
1
5
10D
19 !
13
55
3
62
98. Dyspepsia
120
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
1
101 . Fistula in Ano
3
o
102. Hernia
15
"1
27
11
0
1°
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
6,958
35
9,563
43
10, 028
106
7,806
110
5,821
75
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.
345
TABLE LIV.— DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH— Continued.
18(5(3.
1804.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCU.
APRIL. MAY.
JU.NE.
TOTAL.
32, 307.
26, C33.
29, 442.
27, 738.
9, 589.
9, 788.
10,125.
23, 574.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
eo
Gl
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
9]
92
93
94
95
96
97
08
99
100
101
102
103
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
3,936
1
7
87
4
45
2
2,685
o
7
75
4
12
2
2,168
1
10
48
8
2,734
8
43
30
2
24
1
895
2
1,299
4
1,629
1
2
40
9
1
50,242
15
92
862
20
441
8
1
4
6
32
1
3
7
2
2
1
1
2
69
1
3
55
1
1
40
1
1°
1
15
23
46
8
4G6
24
62
153
26
2
530
13
203
22
19
28
1
3
11
1
1
1
1
15
2
4
1
1
3
1
1
64
45
50
54
5
36
39
3°
1
3
3
3
2
4
1
1
6
1
1
8
4
3
8
1
2
8
6
4
2
2
4
3
17
62
121
G
18
10
2
2
4
5
5
1
7
6
1
3
7
1
1
74
6
3
9
5
1
2
2
1
0
1
1
3
85
68
6
132
2,111
154
2
6
200
12
0
12
12
7
5
1
1
1
o
5
1
18
301
20
3
1
14
177
15
1
5
20
278
6
9
177
25
1
97
C
4
53
3
1
79
8
2
1
9
14
11
4
2
26
1
1
1
29
07
19
0
31
83
98
4
1
10
28
15
2
28
26
I
1
7
36
14
5
14
31
50
4
78
5
38
10
2
10
39
85
11
4
8
3
20
25
1
5
3
1
238
172
30
431
947
1, 143
19
1
39
42
12
19
50
1
59
71
5
79
14
7
1
5
179
2
3
42
1
42
1
36
1
07
2
36
1
33
50
617
1
1
16
154
3
24
g
1
3
9
2
1
11
1
7
17
2
10
4,896
50
3,586
15
2,806
14
3,423
31
1,230
2
1,682
5
2,053
11
59, 852
497
44:
346
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OP WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LIV.— DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH— Concluded.
1
YEAR
1803.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
21, 917.
28, 160.
28, 339.
28, 948.
30, 503.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
rd
6,958
35
9,563
5
26
3
17
8
43
10, 028
3
50
13
17
3
7
o
106
7,806
110
5,821
o
75
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
18
C
13
42
14
5
1
4
2
35
72
43
4
o
1
o
1
1
1
1
1
4
5
28
56
1
67
91
6
3
1
4
1
6
12
4
6
54
100
2
3
40
46
6
1
1
4
1
OBDEIt VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
7
1
6
6
3
3
o
6
11 . ngi s
11«' ^!sea°es f T ,,-
1
11
5
5
1
1
6
1
4
1
3
3
2
lo?' T" ""f f U i
14
' Jj1^n ln.
1
3
3
1
1
3
3
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
1
1
7
1
3
4
3
1
3
C
1"7 I fl mmition of B nes
' ' f p ' t
4
1
1
3
' ° a ,.
1
1
"103
124
7
39
38
11
16
1
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
75
171
19
26
24
8
81
195
350
13
68
66
16
56
172
22 L
10
27
126
132 Boils
130
4
29
134 Whitlow ....
27
8
38
2
25
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
7
25
1
137. Contusions
138. Concussion of Brain .
133. Drowning
0
1
140. Sprains
45
1
1
1
540
23
22
20
1
1
43
1
4
1
104
15
5
1
25
41
141. Dislocation
2
1
4
142. Simple Fraatures
143. Compound Fractures
144. Gunshot Wounds
40
202
2G
7
4
1
3
48
34
40
15
6
1
5
9
21
145. Incised Wounds
146. Lacerated AVound.i
147. Punctured Wounds
6
1
21
3
1
148. Poisoning
1
149. Other Accidents und Injuries
1
5
150. OlJDBU II. — Homicide
151. ORDER ill.— Suicide
152. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence...
1
Total
8,189
81
10, 865
97
11,040
142
8,440
117
6,430
77
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
347
TABLE LIV.— DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH— Concluded.
1803.
18(34.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUXE.
TOTAL.
32, 307.
26, 033.
29, 442.
27, 738.
9,589.
9, 788.
10, 125.
23, 574.
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
Cases.
Deaths. !
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
4,896
50
3,586
15
2,806
14
3,423
31
1,230
2
1,682
5
2,053
11
59, 852
10
456
56
66
10
46
17
355
602
26
15
4
28
7
21
67
25
45
7
18
7
36
40
2
13
7
7
1,117
1,923
102
374
554
88
497
6
497
58
1
2
57
1
55
57
8
5
21
16
1
13
3
1
1
1
1
o
2
1
3
6
5
3
1
2
1
3
21
38
4
1
1
• 2
1
21
11
2
2
3
36
62
2
1
2
3
1
3
1
4
1
14
46
1
5
16
49
1
10
10
1
2
11
21
1
2
l'
1
2
3
1
3
4
1
4
1
5
1
6
1
o
1
3
1
1
4
1
2
2
2
1
3
o
4
6
2
o
1
2
1
1
3
1
2
1
3
2
1
1
2
6
2
3
3
1
3
3
4
4
8
2
1
1
1
3
89
142
1
1
68
167
10
54
89
8
74
1
1
2
149
226
15
29
46
11
49
|
67
181
8
28
51
5
16
28
23
59
3
16
35
22
101
4
11
29
o
4
33
90
5
43
57
o
3
21
7
17
55
00
1
1
2
6
66
4
1
1
20
07
7
1
1
3
42
32
49
4
o
20
17
3
13
1
1
413
20
25
4
1,668
219
69
33
5
69
o
4
4
3
1
13
OO
3
20
8
2
1
4
2
1
679
19
3
2
10
2
11
11
14
10
4
2
1
4
10
4
6
145
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
31
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
6
1
3
1
5,752
56
4,254
20
4,109
:vj
4,145
37
1,491
5
1,959
6
2,357
16
69, 031
636
348
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LV.
Abstract of Mortality in the
YEAR
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
-TR
37, 096.
34, 183.
30, 790.
25, 758.
26, 186.
LIST OP DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Jeaths.
Cases.
ieaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OIIDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
221
171
89
79
53
1.
3
11
7
9
10
' 6 - T^
20
19
13
2
3
3
o
2
7
7
58
3
2
94
9
8
1
2
1
1
98
12
4
2
183
8
1C
f>
4
3
166
3
10
4
6
' TV
•
10
3
2
8
0
15
' J y
1
3
' r> * , . .,
2
1
10
1
7
9
4
1
7
4
2
o
OUDEH II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22 Syphilis ....
3
1
24. Orchitis
25. Stricture of the Urethra
26. Purulent Ophthalmia
27. Serpent Bite
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
1
4
6
o
2
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens
1
4
2
1
32. Inebriation
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
3
8
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout . . .
-
36. Acute Rheumatism
1
1
37. Chronic Rheumatism
2
4
38. Anaemia
1
2
39. General Dropsy
40. Cancer
1
1
1
19
41. Tumors
1
42. Other Diseases of this Order . .
3
12
1
1
17
1
OUDEH II. — Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
16
15
44. Scrofula
45. Other Diseases of this Order
2
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch
47. Tape-worm
48. Other Intestinal Worms
49. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
371
369
272
351
302
DURING THE YEA.K ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.
349
TABLE LY.
General Hospitals of the Atlantic Region.
1863.
1864.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY. FEHUUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
21, 749.
17, 550. 18, 332.
18, -1'JO.
20, 518.
43, 264.
49, 391.
28, till.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths. Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases, i Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
o
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
26
27
28
29
30
31
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
27
1
5
19
1
3
30
°9
55
60
155
2
13
988
6
72
1
7
4
"|
3
1
2
1
2
1
10
1
1
1
3
4
10
85
10
8
2
31
60
1,108
59
90
44
361
117
6
64
2
2
43
7
i
1
2
1
1
5
69
i !
6
3
68
1
3
5
9
100
5
10
6
11
11
1
13
6
112
3
7
4
28
1
57
2
53
53
2
1
4
CO
36
1
3
1
66
3
4
7
40
11
1
10
5
65
J2
5
68
44
1
5
3
5
4
1
1
1
14
7
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
12
4
45
3
1
3
3
6
7
10
2
2
11
3
5
SO
1
1
1
1
4
4
14
1
1
1
4
1
3
8
257
o
6
1
1
35
2
38
20
16
21
24
29
1
1
2
1
1
229
206
213
275
309
263
401
3, 501
350
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE LV.— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION— Continued.
y EAH •
1803.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
37, 096.
34, 183.
30, 790.
25, 758.
26,1
Cases.
86.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Deaths.
371
0
369
o
272
351
3
o
302
3
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
2
1
1
2
51. Epilepsy
2
1
4
53. Insanity
9
3
3
1
1
1
1
58. i e t
2
1
1
2
1
3
4
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
' - f r< •
V x" hTim*
r\lS iv f tv o
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
2
1
2
1
1
o
3
2
]
76 D™^ of P ^ rdium
1
1
1
2
1
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. A sthma
1
1
1
4
86 Dropsy of Chest
87. Hsomorrhago from Nose
88. Inflammation of Larynx
1
15
o
15
2
1
12
19
3
21
90. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Haemorrhage from Lungs
2
1
2
1
92. Other Diseases of this Order
3
ORDEK VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
94. Constipation
o
95. Cholera Morbus
!
1
1
1
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
1
1
1
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
1
1
98. Dyspepsia
99. Diseases of Pancreas ....
100. Diseases of Spleen
101 . Fistula in Ano
1
102. Hernia
103. Htemorrhage from Stomach
1
Carried forward
409
417
302
39 L
344
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18i>4.
351
TABLE LV.— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION— Continued.
18(33.
1804.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
21, 749.
17, 550.
18, 332.
18, 490.
20, 518.
43,284.
49, 331.
28, 611.
50
51
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
•JO
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
62
83
84
85
86
fc7
88
89
9C
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
229
206
1
2
213
275
309
2
3
263
401
o
3,501
24
18
•'
1
1
1
5
3
1
2
1
9
2
3
52
34
3
0
o
5
7
10
8
1
4
2
1
10
1
1
1
1
14
9
26
1
4
1
1
1
5
2
4
5
1
0
7
1
1
2
1
4
1
4
24
7
3
9
2
1
o
4
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
il
0
1
1
1
2
1
!
1
2
1
2
5
2
8
3
19
1
1
4
3
6
2
7
2
1
1
3
3
1
10
2
29
6
0
2
129
4
2
144
3
2
1
39
1
1
2
11
559
26
11
12
62
64
4
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
4
4
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
0
1
1
254
277
305
459
497
359
482
4,496
352
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LV.— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION— Concluded.
YEAH ;
1863.
MONTH
JULY..
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
37, 096.
34, 183.
?0, 790.
25, 758.
26, 186.
USX OP DISEASES.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. : Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
409
417
302
391
344
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
V
1
1
2
1
3
5
1
1
1
1
6
4
o
2
1
110. Chrome In amrati
1
112 Piles
3
2
OUDEU VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
i
1
o
1
3
1
1
1°2 Ilydrocele
123 Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
1
ORDEU IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess
1
1
132. Boils
133. Carbuncle
134. Whitlow
135. Skin Diseases
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
13G. Burns
2
1
3
3
138. Concussion of Braiu
o
1
139. Drowning. . .
1
3
140. Sprains
141. Dislocation
142. Simple Fractures
2
9
283
o
143. Compound Fractures
7
236
1
2
0
3
63
144. Gunshot Wounds
81
o
88
145. Incised Wounds
1
146. Lacerated Wounds
1
1
147. Punctured Wounds
148. Poisoning
o
3
1
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
4
4
1
1
1
150. OKDER II.— Homicide
151. ORDER III. — Suicide
1
1
152. ORDER IV.— Execution of Sentence
Total
!
677
738
409
491
428
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
353
TABLE LV.— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION— Concluded.
1863.
18G4.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY. JUNE. TOTAL.
—
21, 749.
17, 550.
18, 332.
18, 490.
20, 518.
43, 284.
49,391.
28, Gil.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
104
105
IOC
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
145
147
148
149
150
151
152
254
277
305
459
497
1
1
4
1
3
359
482
3
3
4,496
4
8
15
24
32
6
9
6
4
7
1
2
1
1
2
4
3
1
1
3
3
2
4
3
1
3
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
1
&
1
8
1
1
2
1
1
1
7
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
4
10
1
1
1
1
8
10
1
1
1
3
3
1
2
1
o
6
89
3,438
9
6
4
67
3
4
3
81
3
o
1
16
1
19
1
13
1
42
18
1,833
19
706
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
14
2
4
3
1
3
28
1
1
355
312
337
505
534
1,145
2,404
8,328
354
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LVI.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1803.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
.
20.°., 083.
219, 614.
217, 345.
205, 014.
214, 539.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OltDEli I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
572
18
890
279
3
15
653
8
920
258
4
32
594
7
653
18G
393
14
583
143
28
325
3
396
95
2
35
2. Typhus Fever
33
2,285
2,658
2,731
183
43
10, 607
955
1,762
131
110
6
29
30
4
3, 874
4,746
4,655
363
55
16, 563
1,248
1,869
123
120
1
27
1
149
42
36
3,335
5,927
4 710
39
0
2,312
4,637
4 G22
13
8
1, 655
3,908
4 120
9
2
C. Quotidian Intermittent Fever
'' '
1
14
13
307
23
13
4
2
602
56
14, 682
1,461
2,485
202
70
6
59
4«2
205
12
10
72
25
4
4
9
2
11
16
137
44
27
o
3
1
57
9,068
1,281
1, 653
173
76
17
53
18
8
239
40
32
o
4
99
8,409
1, 254
1,253
181
106
°7
10
5
222
20
22
4
8
17 Scarlet Fever
1
25
3
83
101
1,136
18 Diphtheria
58
50
375
310
412
3
153
54
495
252
754
978
92
19
79
35
849
184
750
810
112
17
15
1
13
355
1
o
3
8
337
539
735
60
15
5
2
2
204
7G4
657
5
1
OilDEli II. — Enthetic Diseases.
oo Syphilis
554
68
14
9
3
113
15
18
9
o
8
1
O7
25
6
170
36
43
23
15
8
109
5
50
37
14
OKDEU III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
115
20
47
31
4
27
3
742
602
196
°4
1
2
5
90
3
33
37
10
10
19
1,086
674
248
1
1
11
38
74
41
5
218
6
2
5
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens
6
29
48
17
7
1
4
3
2
32. Inebriation
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
3
1
8
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
OUBEK l.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
5
5
1,103
615
3
o
8
52
92
40
17
JOO
36. Acute Rheumatism
1
890
595
896
571
287
34
2
5
48
111
31
o
1
1
1
2
4
1
1
1
6
37. Chronic Rheumatism
38. Anaemia
269
3
355
11
2
39. General Dropsy
40. Cancer
0
8
28
75
24
6
°23
1
1
1
23
41. Tumors
13
36
103
53
2
57
4
13
1
1
25
1
2
42. Other Diseases of this Order
3
14
1
1
23
1
ORDEK II. — Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
26
44. Scrofula
45. Other Diseases of this Order. . .
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch
78
2
47. Tape-worm
4
18
8
10
1
2
16
o
48. Other Intestinal Worms
18
0
49. Other Diseases of this Order
o
Carried forward
27, 106
508
39, 942
580
40, 045
561
30, 853
598
27,914 512
DUKING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
355
TABLE LYI.
of the Atlantic Region.
1863.
1864.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
220, 341.
206, 669.
228, 244.
247, 591.
265, 635.
216, 639.
205, 041.
220, 813.
Jases. 1 Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Oeaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Jeaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
24
26
26
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
4
4
4
4
260
8
275
82
6
17 i
258 1
3
270
79
1
20
191
11
154
79
6
250
7
169
78
4
16
255
3
229
103
190
4
261
71
291
4
640
227
3
35
4 232
90
5,440
1,680
29
207
8
1, 059
2, 45!)
2, 499
164
63
6, 344
1 229
821
91
124
78
48
4
74
82
1,444
241
718
808
142
20
16
9
1
o
781
1, 899
1,912
148
61
4,326
872
417
71
169
209
296
7
164
259
9
1
2
11
11
151
7
12
9
85
o
1
8
839
1,981
1, 755
141
20
3,211
554
390
33
224
188
1,126
25
147
503
1,502
6
1
1,137
2,511
2,568
66
62
3,457
589
357
35
340
211
I, 828
21
135
1,315
2,651
660
1,366
1,592
211
3
1
1
1,463
2,939
3, 202
193
86
5,717
677
853
39
307
233
1,263
22
123
1, 699
1,826
18
1
1
1
9
25
58
6
J
9
74
63
1
6
1
1,109
2,574
2, 112
88
43
9,144
621
1, 364
143
156
77
297
3
50
481
616
630
856
848
159
13
11
10
2,197
2,610
2,171
162
13
1
2
22, 046
38, 849
37, 057
2,807
717
107, 053
11,842
15, 891
1,335
1,917
1,068
5,618
87
3,299
4,993
12,938
5,401
9,861
11, 262
195
19
11
4
111
121
1, 519
214
156
74
446
241
10
140
5
2
96
2
8
212
20
15
4
34
1
3
64
5
14
10
77
35
1
16
7
2
76
6
8
70
3
4
9
44
14
72
15, 525
1,101
2,667
113
115
18
565
1
84
372
252
8
20
111
15
12
7
17
16
1
15
1
10
89
106
5
7
1
9
4
1
1
1
3
1,437
711
628
720
4
554
849
962
16
540
1, 522
1,763
301
33
24
12
1
7
1
778
703
635
109
18
34
1
100
27
35
1
85
172
30
15
1,639
1
34
264
190
13
277
984
129
526
549
174
84
54
12, 679
8, 204
2, 564
171
505
1,102
521
47
2,788
62
191
32
1
21
4
34
42
2
9
45
3
26
41
27
26
57
9
31
32
14
15
2
1,328
784
248
5
o
11
87
76
44
14
36
4
68
57
15
6
36
34
6
64
84
11
15
11
1,439
814
127
1
5
40
4
26
39
16
1
1
700
518
140
1
16
4
87
18
3
31
1
11
9
28
1
3
10
373
3
6
50
6
39
51
16
7
1
1
9
5
3
1
1
5
1
9
65
69
15
5
1
13
1
14
3
14
4
o
11
3
7
1,577
1,039
219
3
5
1
1
1
617
548
136
1,147
760
149
1,154
684
113
3
o
o
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
4
4
18
24
99
47
1
315
1
24
68
93
37
4
25
36
120
52
1
3
18
18
74
38
1
210
3
8
4
1
7
6
57
58
9
284
1
\
1
43
64
128
56
f)
433
10
1C
9
1
47
o
39
29
33
31
40
1
1
o
211
5
5
283
8
9
3
355
8
44
f)
6
1
28
1
4
22, 063
469
18, 611
468
18, 254
373
24, 882
506
29,136
469
23, 717
319
33, 129
588 335,652 5,951
356
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LVL— ATLANTIC REGION— Continued.
VEAii
18<>3.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
.
203, 083.
219, 614.
217, 345.
205,014.
214, 539.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
27, 10G
2
66
902
508
3
39, 942
5
103
889
17
11
3
2
37
395
580
7
3
40, 045
12
81
594
561
11
2
30, 853
10
77
466
10
2
2
7
28
598
7
5
27, 914
4
88
421
512
7
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
OKDEU I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
14
15
1
3
13
326
20
325
18
24
0
6
5
18
6
17
3
1
2
20
330
13
2
62
5
o
12
1
4
3
4
1
2
1
2
1
8
25
351
21
23
59
6
1
256
8
110
10
55
18
15
62
95
1
54
4
1
10
1
3
54
57
20
98
950
140
1
17
58
r!' ^fl*°Jm.atl°n ° ' P
1
'8* N M -I ii
315
3
3
1
36
222
31
7
5
282
o
2
18
7
40
9
1
1()2
2
2
10
5
1
1
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
228
2-17
7
°9
4
129
18
43
15
18
16
14
33
74
3
48
6
8
5
4
139
12
68
28
12
13
104
33
18
51
9
19
7
3
44
102
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
* ' D ^.
h
91
153
5
54
4
"•'> IV ' O
49
1
36
6
7
4
6
6
113
81
15
71
533
84
OltUER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
3
4
2
1
1
1
11
3
30
6
o
6
5
1
1
1
5
5
o
3
o
10
4
3
73
82
12
83
729
o
1
77
45
12
97
1,512
153
4
8
75
172
154
91
41
9
88
1,678
172
10
12
82. Other Diseases of this Order
2
2
6
4
1
1
4
OUDEK V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma
84. Acute Bronchitis
2
85. Chronic Bronchitis
122
86. Dropsy of Chest
1
13
48
89
100
40
78
025
o
54
98
192
37
96
956
1 178
1
1
87. Haemorrhage from Nose
88. Inflammation of Lary nx
1
20
2
1
112
206
17G
1
36
89. Inflammation of Lung's
21
2
1
1
1
131
133
26
87
759
977
211
1
44
41'i
o
21
25
90. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Haimorrhag-e from Lungs
3
372
596
778
99
4
42
285
o
5
15
201
511
873
30
3
26
302
1
9f!. Other Diseases of this Order ..
OitUEit VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
94. Constipation
1,089
368
0
3
1
o
95. Cholera Morbus
1
367
5
25
555
4
2
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
1
1
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease . .
23
1
1
98. Dvspepsia
324
99. Diseases of Pancreas
1
4
26
193
3
100. Diseases of Spleen
4
19
169
3
7
18
177
15
13
154
8
18
196
101. Fistula in Ano
1
102. Hernia
103. IIiBinorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
1
5
33, 752
565
47, 455
669
46, 339
628
37, 036
682
34, 189
588
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.
357
TABLE LVL— ATLANTIC REGION— Continued.
18(>3.
1804.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
220, 341.
206, 669.
228, 244.
247, 591.
265, 635.
216,639.
205, 041.
220, 813.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Gl
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
9]
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
22, 063
7
83
438
23
7
o
4
17
401
14
469
9
3
18, 611
5
68
503
16
6
3
. 9
26
373
16
468
6
3
18,254
7
95
435
373
6
24, 882
10
161
544
506
8
6
29, 136
€
134
653
469
4
5
23, 717
6
70
425
319
4
1
33, 129
8
89
619
10
5
2
4
91
313
28
379
So
9
9
293
4
121
588
6
2
335, 652
OA/
1,115
6,889
208
88
46
56
361
4,310
251
1,405
467
119
47
3,828
140
772
5,951
78
36
1
5
12
3
1
1
1
18
7
5
5
27
395
22
1
8
5
3
27
12
11
5
33
444
21
1
16
17
1
*w7
4
13
6
26
11
10
3
1
18
1
8
1
1
12
2
1
7
95
CO
12
4
1
25
35
41
8
1
1
1
10
10
444
20
9
63
19
4
576
19
47
14
1
7
1
9
438
46
6
3
292
2
5
5
3
16
6
43
5
f.
320
10
22
10
12
19
13
57
102
3
32
9
3
12
2
0
19
7
6
324
2
29
5
4
344
9
16
7
3
34
17
6
474
00
5
24
20
°0
13
67
15
13
9
147
276
51
13
gl)
7-1
77
61
42
133
29
2
92
4
19
23
49
9
1
55
1
25
30
36
428
232
21
130
51
1
58
11
2
132
907
791
O1?
636
67
29
108
35
34
986
618
149
1,064
18, 496
2,349
43
215
1,734
4,118
2,433
389
3,990
6,707
11, 658
1,582
25
273
3,842
9
64
202
2,098
56
90
o
57
4
4
13
29
2
50
7
1
3
2
8
3
64
5
1
4
1
8
76
35
6
67
542
124
8
31
38
156
124
61
7O
681
1,049
287
0
3
9
1
5
1
8
78
11
9
20
5
2
6
8
0
9
1
7
1
6
1
1
1
3
4
7
3
3
94
47
16
67
2,584
261
7
17
175
677
281
24
631
288
4
3
2
24
4
5
98
65
25
90
2,136
338
1
15
259
670
341
39
800
436
1, 33')
1
1
o
1
75
45
1
41
705
158
2
3
78
37
19
102
2,492
229
4
16
338
595
263
25
448
309
818
17
1
1
81
35
3
132
2, 149
281
4
19
170
340
197
28
289
463
763
44
6
30
31 :;
3
5
10
146
7
76
48
11
128
2,486
287
1
3
1
8
3
o
7
16
]
6
1
3
2
1
34
8
56
3
1
21
1,099
37
19
69
o
4
16
5
14
1
2
1
2
3
4
2
1
3
19
147
226
145
36
112
467
762
2
57
2
5
96
8
1
8
5
170
1
1
4
260
758
327
36
804.
316
1,344
28
3
258
6
2
39
2
259
6
3
1
88
4
1
3
1
48
1
3
1
3
893
2
1
1
1
30
o
80
3
9
243
1
2
1
16
269
23
259
1
4
13
134
9
1
2
7
317
2
6
11
174
6
2
18
288
1
1
10
2-71
0
4
20
162
5
30
2UO
1
15
1
9
242
6
1
o
3
1
1
151
5
1
1
7
1
712
29, 257
581
26, 615
656
26, 601
624
34, 347
912
38, 841
816
28, 993
464
39,228
422, 653
7,897
358
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LVL— ATLANTIC REGION— Concluded.
YEAH
1803.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH, (not including Table LV)
203, 083.
219, 614.
217, 345.
205,014.
214, 539.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
33, 752
16
242
35
47
4
49
13
265
536
GO
27
1
8
1
16
61
15
565
47, 455
25
233
669
1
46, 339
]6
306
628
1
37, 036
5
392
682
34, 189
8
500
29
23
3
63
25
588
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
1
o
5
0
3
5
7
46
72
8
79
38
379
502
6
11
1
1
57
37
12
64
45
367
533
76
19
4
13
o
3
4
7
47
15
5
58
25
306
484
44
10
1)
17
3
1°
1
5
107. In amma ion
1
1
110. Chrome n amma 10
o
298
481
53
20
11 . a
4
80
20
1
4
2
~
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
3
16
4
20
0
1°
1
1
1
2
1
'' -9e * f T-r-
26
75
18
44
8
17
3
11
27
17
64
16
51
1
3
1
46
20
1
47
23
30
5
13
4
1
59
32
37
15
15
12
11
9
8
21
6
12
3
1°
1
2
OUDEU VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
6
24
, .
35
03
3
8
7
1
592
1,042
1
27
3
10
4
2
841
1 415
9
1
6
8
7
552
864
2
7
1,229
2 255
9
3
651
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
1
1
13° Boils
910
54
158
151
94
121
81
176
129
66
428
9
54
12'.)
134. Whitlow
117
218
369
251
217
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
88
457
8
141
496
5
1
3
2
11
73
365
107
401
137. Contusions
2
1
18
138. Concussion of Brain
2
3
1
2
133. Drowning
3
140. Sprains
354
20
88
70
11,818
200
121
40
60
83
338
15
349
17
39
11
501
168
45
23
34
60
323
421
141. Dislocation
17
44
8
1, 017
184
43
29
19
49
12
142. Simple Fractures
38
7
462
194
44
40
84
53
2
9
348
o
2
2
151
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
53
6
1, 282
204
66
29
11
46
143. Compound Fractures
0
799
3
2
o
136
2
3
118
144. Gunshot Wounds
145. Incised "Wounds
146. Lacerated Wounds
1
1
3
6
1
147. Punctured Wounds
148. Poisoning
6
1
0
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
6
3
2
8
2
1
10
150. ORDBR II. — Homicide
151. ORDER III. — Suicide
152. ORDER IV. — Execution nf Sentence
4
Total
50, 779
1,434
55, 426
1,097
52, 533
813
42, 633
863
40, 506
741
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
359
TABLE LVL— ATLANTIC REGION— Concluded.
1803.
1864.
DECEMBER.
JAXUA11Y.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
220, 341.
206, 609.
228, 244.
247/591.
265, 635.
216,639.
205, 041.
220,813.
104
105
100
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
29, 257
7
704
38
15
3
41
34
238
414
25
16
11
20
3
11
39
14
31
10
14
6
16
18
1
12
10
5
711
1,057
57
175
193
134
565
4
581
26, 615
13
920
43
20
6
28
33
193
378
149
11
6
20
2
15
656
1
1
4
4
4
2
2
26, 601
10
1,192
34
24
8
31
19
185
348
76
21
624
34,347
10
1,275
45
22
4
40
29
166
436
66
20
5
14
9
46
58
63
9
19
8
15
28
912
1
2
38, 841
11
1,221
31
21
5
49
32
239
468
197
24
816
2
3
4
3
5
1
3
1
28, 993
3
403
15
9
4
21
200
415
464
39,228
8
226
25
«.O
3
30
26
712
3
3
422, 653
132
7,680
445
333
65
557
341
2, 999
5,578
937
243
7,897
9
11
31
62
53
13
12
9
4
18
1
2
7
4
2
4
4
1
1
1
3
6
3
1
1
5
3
2
3
7
7
2
2
164
523
56
36
5
10
1
4
1
1
o
1
17
3
7
1
1
3
8
16
1
20
1
11
17
4
67
57
31
45
70
178
29
295
o
13
1
1
1
1
1
07
26
45
69
21
43
12
3
1
33
13
1
40
13
27
634
229
457
111
180
81
144
383
46
149
100
68
7,442
12, 714
737
o 04^
11
1
24
30
11
36
6
14
22
5
18
10
8
477
859
1
21
8
5
7
6
16
1
5
7
3
291
671
29
6
17
15
12
10
8
5
9
29
11
15
6
4
275
803
o
15
4
21
47
4
8
10
6
558
823
41
191
3
1
2
11
1
1
1
55
6
23
12
1
5
15
1
2
7
616
9°7
15
1
1
649
1,089
57
214
534
2
1
4
11
35
194
364
106
548
7
64
275
50
117
375
62
126
449
104
690
2
410
131
732
4
335
3,626
1,229
6,490
63
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
144
706
7
73
578
10
4
16
24
73
3
5
7
3
3
524
3
2
4
8
4
o
9
555
25
44
7
189
384
87
50
11
45
477
23
540
19
658
32
56
14
188
427
76
43
7
60
801
47
82
347
10
35
84
25, 680
149
164
30
42
67
335
5,498
14
50
46
16, 484
141
61
39
49
37
257
42
6
140
415
98
18
6
133
50
7
992
381
87
27
8
120
2
43
1,042
o
5
1
1
20
621
*. 1 7
58, 980
3, 318
992
447
344
797
6
98
5,254
33
17
11
17
115
13
24
31
3
110
3
o
31
3
2
54
1
3
1
1
7
2
1
3
o
37
3
o
2
2
6
1
2
1
11
227
411
80
79
13
44
3
23
1
1
•18
2,405
1
4
12
2
3
4
o
2
7
2
1
5
31
1
3
10
3
1
35, 369
741
32, 634
738
33, 943
733
4], 504
999
46, 727
906
59, 019
1,617
60,055
3, 231
551,188 ! 13,912
SICKNESS, ETC., DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, J8C4.
361
CENTRAL REGION.
The reports from troops in the Central Region are consolidated into statistical tables
for nine departments, as follows:
1. The Department of West Virginia -
2. The Northern Department -
3. The Department of the Ohio - -
4. The Department of the Cumberland -
5. The Department of the Tennessee - -
6. The Department of the Gulf -
7. The Department of the Northwest -
8. The Department of the Missouri - -
9. The Department of Arkansas
To these tables are added —
10. A table showing the mortality in the general hospitals of
the Central Region
11. A consolidated table for the Central Region
Table LXVI.
Table LXVII.
1. THE DEPARTMENT OF WEST VIRGINIA — TABLE LVII.
This table embraces for July the reports from troops in the State of West Virginia
and in Maryland west of Hancock; subsequently the reports from West Virginia and
Maryland west of the Monocacy.
The boundaries for July are those fixed by General Orders No. 186, June 24, 1863.
(See remarks on Table XXXIV.) They were extended by General Orders No. 266,
August 3, 1863, to include all of the State of Maryland west of the Monocacy, and that
part of Virginia in the vicinity of Harper's Ferry.
General F. Sigel was assigned to command February 29, 1864, and General D.
Hunter May 19, 1864.
The most important movements during the year were the advance of General Sigel
up the Shenandoah valley in May, and the movement of General Hunter against Lynch-
burg in June.
2. THE NORTHERN DEPARTMENT — TABLE LVIII.
As for the previous year this designation is here applied to the region north of the
Ohio and cast of the Mississippi river, comprising the States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois,
46
3G2 SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
Michio-nn, and Wisconsin. The department was created by General Orders, No. 17,
January 12, 186-1, to consist of the above States, excepting the State of Wisconsin, which
officially formed part of the Department of the Northwest, General S. P. Heintzelman was
placed in command.
3. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO — TABLE LIX.
This table embraces the reports received from troops in Kentucky east of the Ten
nessee river, and from the Army of the Ohio in East Tennessee. The boundaries are
those fixed by General Orders, No. 369, November 16, 1863, by which the department
was declared to consist of the State of Kentucky east of the Tennessee river, and such
parts of the State of Tennessee as might be occupied by the troops of that army.
In August, 1863, General A. E. Burnside moved with the Army of the Ohio into
East Tennessee, occupying Knoxville September 1st.
In November, Knoxville was besieged by a rebel force under General Longstreet,
who arrived before the place November 17th. The siege was raised December 4th on the
arrival of a force from the Armies of the Tennessee and the Cumberland, under command
of General Sherman.
November 16th General J. G. Foster was assigned to the command of this depart
ment, and January 28, 1864, General J. M. Schofield.
The Army of the Ohio, or Twenty-third Army Corps, subsequently moved southward,
formed a junction, during April, with the Armies of the Cumberland and the Tennessee,
and accompanied them in the campaign against Atlanta.
The term Department of the Ohio was understood to embrace this Army of the Ohio,
as well as the garrisons and detachments left in portions of Kentucky and Tennessee
embraced within the boundaries above indicated. The Ninth Corps is consolidated with
this table from August to March, inclusive; during April, May, and Jane, it is consolidated
with the Army of the Potomac.
4. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND — TABLE LX.
This table includes the reports from troops in Tennessee east of the Tennessee river,
and west of the Cumberland mountains, and from the Army of the Cumberland.
The Army of the Cumberland, under General W. S. Rosecrans, had occupied Chatta
nooga and advanced into Georgia, when the battle of Chickamauga, September 19th and
20th, compelled its retreat to Chattanooga.
On the 24th of September the Eleventh and Twelfth Army Corps were detached from
the Army of the Potomac and sent to reinforce the Army of the Cumberland. October
16, 1863, the Military Division of the Mississippi was created by General Orders No. 337,
DUEING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864. 363
to consist of the Departments of the Ohio, the Cumberland, and the Tennessee; General
U. S. Grant was placed in command. The same order assigned General G. II. Thomas
to the command of the Army of the Cumberland.
General Sherman with a part of the Army of the Tennessee was now brought across
to form a junction with the Army of the Cumberland, and the combined force fought the
battle of Chattanooga, November 23d, 24th, and 25th.
After the battle of Chattanooga General Sherman was sent with a force to the relief
of Knoxville, as already mentioned. The siege of that place having been raised he
returned to his position on the right of the Army of the Cumberland.
March 12, 1864, General Grant was assigned to the command of the Armies of the
United States, and General W. T. Sherman to the command of the Military Division of
the Mississippi, which was extended to embrace the Department of Arkansas. May 7th
the Department of Arkansas was transferred to the Military Division of West Mississippi.
At the beginning" of May the Army of the Cumberland lay in the neighborhood of
Ivinggold, Georgia; the Army of the Tennessee, under General McPherson, was a few miles
to the right, while the Army of the Ohio, under General Schofield, had been brought from
East Tennessee and lay a short distance to the left.
Simultaneously with the movement of the Army of the Potomac these armies also
moved and made the campaign which resulted in the occupation of Atlanta September 2d.
The close of the year represented in the table finds the combined army in the
neighborhood of Kenesaw mountain. The most important engagements up to this time
had been the battle of Resaca, May 14th and 15th, the battles around Dallas, and the
battles in the neighborhood of Kenesaw mountain, including the assaults of June 27th.
5. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE — TABLE LXI.
The boundaries of the Department of the Tennessee continue the same as during the
previous years ; portions ol the Army of the Tennessee were, however, moved long distances
beyond these boundaries during the year.
The first of July, 1863, found the Army of the Tennessee, under General U. S. Grant,
engaged in the siege of Vicksburg, which surrendered July 4th. After the fall of that
place a portion of the troops were transferred to other departments. During the latter
part of July General Steele was detached on the Arkansas expedition; August 3d the
Ninth Corps commenced leaving for the Department of the Ohio; August 10th the
Thirteenth Corps began to embark for the Department of the Gulf, with which its reports
are consolidated for September and subsequent months.
Early in October General Sherman, with the Fifteenth Corps, which had been brought
on transports to Memphis, marched eastward and effected a junction with the Army of
the Cumberland.
36'4 SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
After the Military Division of the Mississippi was created, October 16th, General
Sherman, who was now placed in command of the Department of the Tennessee, continued
his march, arriving in time to participate in the battles before Chattanooga, November 23d,
24th, and 25th, and subsequently moved to the relief of Knoxville, returning during the
month of December to Northern Alabama.
March 12, 1864, General J. B. McPherson was assigned to the command of the
department — General Sherman being placed in command of the Military Division of the
Mississippi.
Towards the close of April the Seventeenth Corps was sent from Vicksburg on trans
ports, by way of Cairo, to join the Fifteenth Corps on the right of the Army of the
Cumberland. The Army of the Tennessee, as this force was designated, accompanied the
Armies of the Cumberland and the Ohio on the campaign against Atlanta, as already
stated. (See remarks on Table LX.)
6. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF — TABLE LXIL
The boundaries of this department remain unchanged.
The beginning of the year represented in this table found General Banks still engaged
in the siege of Port Hudson, which surrendered July 8th. During August the Thirteenth
Corps was transferred from the Department of the Tennessee. September 4th the
expedition to Sabine Pass under General Franklin set out from New Orleans. October
26th a force was sent from New Orleans to Brownsville, Texas, occupying that place
November 6th.
In March General Banks made an expedition to Alexandria, and thence up the Red
river; a force from the Department of the Tennessee, under General A. J. Smith, being
sent on transports up the Red river with the fleet to cooperate. After the engagement
near Sabine Cross-roads, April 8th, and that near Pleasant. Hill, April 9th, the expedition
retired, General Banks returning to New Orleans and General Smith to Vicksburg.
7. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST — TABLE LXIII.
As during previous years this table embraces the reports received from troops within
the States of Iowa and Minnesota and the Territories of Nebraska and Dakota. The
most important military event was the Indian expedition of Generals Sibley and Sully
during the summer of 1863.
8. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI — TABLE LXIV.
This table embraces the reports received from troops within the limits of the States
of Missouri and Kansas. The reports from troops 'in the neighborhood of Fort Smith,
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864. 365
Arkansas, and the adjacent Indian Territory for the month of July, 1863, are also embraced;
but for August and subsequent months they are consolidated with the Department of
Arkansas.
Officially the limits of the department continued as fixed by General Orders No. 155,
(see remarks on Table XLI,) until January 1, 1864, when the Department of Kansas was
created by General Orders No. 1, to consist of the State of Kansas, the Territories of
Nebraska and Colorado, and the Indian Territory, including the military post of Fort
Smith.
January 22, 1864, General W. S. Rosecrans was assigned to the command of the
Department of the Missouri.
9. THE DEPARTMENT OF ARKANSAS — TABLE LXV.
This table embraces, after the month of July, 1863, the reports from troops in the
State of Arkansas and Indian Territory. The Department was created by General Orders
No. 14, January 6, 1864, to consist of the State of Arkansas, except the military post of
Fort Smith; General F. Steele was assigned to command.
April 17, 1864, the Indian Territory and the military post of Fort Smith were added.
The boundaries thus established are those employed for the table.
After the fall of Vicksburg an expedition under General Steele was organized, which
occupied Little Rock September 10th. This expedition and the troops at Helena belonged
officially to the Department of the Tennessee until the Department of Arkansas was
created by General Orders No. 14.
General Orders No. 192, May 7, 1864, united the Departments of Arkansas and
of the Gulf into the Military Division of West Mississippi, General E. R. S. Canby to
command. In these tables, however, the departments have been kept separate.
366
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LVII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAH
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
17, 137.
2o, 296.
24, 801.
26, 058.
27, 587.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Jases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
)eaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
78
1
138
1
115
16
102
6
130
7
67
19
33
5
1
4
49
1
59
1
3. Typho .a ar a
' e °.™ ^
28
33
1C9
6
151
132
189
122
120
230
233
o
3
85
109
148
2
3
379
38
127
12
r o0""!'61 I 'tt itFev r
146
165
. QUO mn
1
753
99
288
(j
483
76
177
33
8
1
10' A tTiy* hcea
325
68
159
31
8
1
3
1
551
62
1
1
0
1
o
2
2
146
22
1
' lr°UiC1 ,J y
12
4
13
1
17
1
4
1
1
4
3
11
11
32
18 Diphtheria
8
1
13
14
33
54
10
9
2
1
50
66
155
1
14
4
124
10
4
298
21 Other Diseases of this Order
7
63
128
2
44
93
13
15
OHDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
1
44
66
6
24 Orchitis
15
11
1
1
25 Stricture of the Urethra
26. Purulent Ophthalmia
5
1
9
2
27. Serpent Bite
...
1
10
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
10
1
3
6
4
0
30. Purpura
1
1
1
0
31. Delirium Tremens
3
1
32. Inebriation
1
1
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
1
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDEU I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
3G. Acute Rheumatism
58
32
95
85
67
71
5
7
85
82
65
76
19
o
37. Chronic Rheumatism
38. Anaemia
29
44
5
1
1
1
1
8
39. General Dropsy
40. Cancer
3
2
41. Tumors
1
42. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER II.— Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption ...
o
6
6
7
9
7
,j
1
44. Scrofula
4
1
3
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch
%
31
26
43
47. Tnpe-v.-orm
1
3
1
48. Oilier Intestinal Worms
o
3
3
49. Other Diseases of this Order.
1
Carried forward
! j
1, 194
5
2,547
20
1,843
10
2, OD7 15
1,713
11
DURING THK YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
367
TABLE LYII.
of the Department of Western Virginia.
18(53.
18(>4.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
30, 385.
25, 377.
34, 403.
31, 405.
26, 142.
36, 802.
20, 073.
27, 122.
Cases, j Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
3
4
:.
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1C
17
18
19
20
23
25
2G
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
49
1
34
7
1
7o
10
1
1
7
1
32
1
17
6
1
49
1
14
15
1
46
2
31
9
1
4
18
812
30
389
83
6
8
47
40
82
8
225
37
56
9
12
1
62
86
79
5
1
282
33
53
14
13
28
10
3
18
6
107
34
48
67
17
o
70
113
109
5
1
86
135
276
45
93
81
6
1
1,324
985
1,481
1,575
67
,VV>
6,270
701
1,576
226
180
122
980
11
175
485
1,500
310
795
1, It8
134
16
40
2
5
58
6
38
15
1
1
1 039
5
1
1
87
8
2
421
55
91
6
17
15
296
166
6
5
1,036
50
208
8
19
1H
201
3
4
8
12
2
1
22
6
254
237
1
1
36
69
7
21
17
73
3
23
43
121
44
75
n
24
22
345
1
1
1
2
1
103
127
1
• 1
1
21
6
5
44
1
1
4
2
7
3
1
2
o
4
1
1
6
178
30
CO
93
8
1
5
1
30
137
195
17
91
132
15
76
62
o
2
176
359
19
93
137
12
19
10
43
10
71
84
19
1
1
1
73
95
12°
1
3
1
72
99
10
1
18
1
3
9
6
4
1
3
3
8
1
3
6
1
2
3
4
4
1
3
7
8
7
7
2
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
3
1
8
9
6
1
3
5
1
1
3
1
5
1
108
69
10
95
80
6
110
G7
10
74
112
10
105
64
18
101
103
12
76
07
868
173
12
5
9
38
73
80
1
497
o
26
1
5
1
1
1
1
9
9
3
3
12
8
1
3
4
3
1
3
8
1
13
15
2
8
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
01
1
3
Cl
4:3
49
50
70
34
1
r
2
1
3
1,288
12
1,387
23
1,321
9
2,218
16 2, 237
i
26
2, 996
22
2,208
•1 ; 23,049 173
368
TABLE LVIL— DEPARTMENT OF WESTERN VIRGINIA— Continued.
YEAli
18G3.
MO.VTU
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
17, 137.
2o, 296.
24, 801.
26, 058.
27, 587.
LIST OP DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
forward
1,194
5
2,547
20
1,843
1
7
94
1
o
10
• 1
2,097
15
1,713
11
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
1
62
5
144
3
10
60
1
8
59
1
1
1
2
3
7
52
1
2
41
1
o
3
4
51
1
7
50
o
ro' t-°Sta f j
21
1
°4
1
1
5
I
o
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
63 Cataract
24
79
3
7
4
52
45
45
2
1
o
1
3
3
ORDER 111. — Diseases of Ear.
gR Earache --
4
1
14
3
1
3
11
o
7
4
o
1
o
71 Otorrhcea
6
23
6
72. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
o
6
2
1
3
2
1
2
3
1
1
6
o
1
5
6
17
13
9
o
7
5
0
4
82. Other Diseases of this Order
2
3
48
14
1
4
14
12
17
3
17
51
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma
o
8
37
15
10
115
8
135
23
15
2
85. Chronic Bronchitis
26
86. Dropsy of Chest
87. lleemon hage from Nose
2
6
17
14
3
8
34
55
1
5
20
12
:
10
36
32
0
88. Inflammation of Larynx
18
24
42
89. Inflammation of Lungs .. .
2
1
1
90. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Haemorrhage from Lungs
1
0
9
5
43
35
51
1
3
23
79
6
92. Other Diseases of this Order
1
OHDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
73
94. Constipation
69
61
65
93. Cholera Morbus
20
25
6
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease ..
2
1°
6
r
4
23
1 98. Dyspepsia
28
17
18
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
1
2
101. Fistula in Ano
1
7
1
14
1
102. Hernia
5
23
15
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
1,528
6
3,306
23
2,398
11 2,709
17
2,349
14
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
369
TABLE LVIL— DEPARTMENT OF WESTERN VIRGINIA— Continued.
1803.
1804.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MAECH.
AritiL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
30, 385.
25, 377.
34, 403.
31, 405.
26, 142.
3G, 802.
20, 073.
27, 122.
50
51
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
f>0
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
70
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
9C
91
92
93
94
05
96
97
98
oq
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1,288
12
1,387
A.3
1,321
9
2, 218
16
2,237
1
5
88
1
26
1
2,996
22
2,208
4 i
23, 049
68
941
18
10
7
12
44
528
173
2
1
3
70
6
25
3
53
5
77
1
o
10
139
3
1
5
70
2
5
1
2
5
i
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
53
1
1
4
3
1
1
2
46
2
6
37
o
1
55
8
54
0
. 58
30
2
22
1
4
1
1
13
11
71
9
3
3
622
14
71
7
47
48
12
65
93
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
o
1
61
27
1
1
42
69
1
5
71
o
71
o
36
1
14
3
1
1
o
10
22
11
7
3
4
1
9
18
g
3
2
18
7
1°
5
1
O
4
5
2
4
5
14
7
29
8
o
1
7
4
1
1
4
4
44
5
1
20
5
3
3
4
o
1
o
1
3
1
G
4
1
10
135
48
5
3
6
1
12
3
' 8
G
6
15
6
89
62
3
81
1,519
11
295
8
OQO
1
8
6
163
31
5
94
14
1
4
15
75
38
10
31
2
1
22
19.
94
4
305
29
o
4
57
GO
42
8
35
27
7°
1
39
81
40
5
42
36
4
13
59
32
11
18
28
4
1
4
8
0
27
27
20
5
4G
20
50
6
37
45
34
4
79
24°
1
1
4
13
1
11
3
I
3
10
3
440
331
61
351
524
894
185
47
4
3
5
1
1
P7
25
61
105
2
61
G
153
19
53
4
25
16
2
17
7
29
o
3
52
33
247
11
13
11
100
101
102
103
1
0
4
»
168
5
2
8
0
1
16
3
38
2
3
7
1
17
1
13
1
1
1
1
1,901
14 || 3, 213
25
2,147
16
3,239
34
2,982
47
3,991
37
2.C59
7 ! 31, 422
251
47
370
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE LVIL— DEPARTMENT OF WESTERN VIRGINIA— Concluded.
YEAR
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
17, 137.
25, 296.
24, 801.
26, 058.
27, 587.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
rd
1,528
6
3,306
23
2,398
1
11
2,709
1
G8
17
2,349
14
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
20
45
28
71
1
4
3
106. Inflammation of Stomach
1
1
3
1
9
34
33
1°
1
6
29
37
53
1
6
15
28
o
3
59
51
41
12
1
36
12
4
1
1
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
1
2
o
1
2
2
15
1
3
4
1
1
4
8
1
1
1
2
1
1
8
1 9. n amnid 101 J
2
<>
6
1
1
o
ORDEK VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
1
1
6
' .
1
1
1
1
1
107' TUfl ^ f B
~ ' . . . um
1
1
o
3
" ' ° amma
1
1
OHDEU IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
20
49
53
40
44
71
7°
39
13° Boils
24 '
41
3
8
27
5
4
1
6
3
18
7
27
2
9
23
8
40
134 Whitlow
7
21
1
39
1
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
46
1
27
2
0
2
23
0
°8
18
1
4
57
3
7
0
33
141. Dislocation
0
4
4
1
14'!
5
8
6
1
113
7
1
3
144. Gunshot Wounds
54
7
5
9
12
39
9
o
o
10
47
26
2
12
8
145. Incised Wounds
140'. Lacerated Wounds
1
1
147. Punctured Wounds
1
148. Poisoning
1
3
2
2
1
140. Other Accidents and Injuries .
1
o
150. ORDER II. — Homicide
1
151. ORDER III. — Suicide
152. ORDER IV.— Execution of Sentence
1
Total
1, 809 17
3,795
40
2,772
22
3,343
33
2,844
-
DUKING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
371
TABLE LVIL— DEPARTMENT OF WESTERN VIRGINIA— Concluded.
1863.
18(54.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
30, 385.
25, 377.
34, 403.
31, 405.
26, 142.
36, 802.
20, 073.
5i7 122.
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
1S7
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
140
147
148
149
150
151
152
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases
Deaths-
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1,901
14
2,213
1
74
5
3
25
2,147
2
76
4
1
1
2
7
9
33
2
3
16
3,239
1
125
34
2,982
1
135
11
1
1
3
3
20
47
3, 991
1
79
7
5
37
2,659
3
22
7
31, 422
11
840
41
20
5
40
61
243
486
111
22
6
6
4
21
76
12
31
10
11
3
11
29
2
24
10
5
411
612
51
126
302
69
477
7
251
97
2
1
•
3
1
1
1
]
1
1
1
1
7
46
4
1
3
1
6
2
13
33
19
2
1
10
13
3
9
22
5
34
1
18
42
1
4°
71
12
3
1
1
1
5
4
1
4
o
1
4
1
1
1
1
3
6
10
1
5
2
1
3
11
Q
5
1
3
1
3
1
4
4
3
1
o
•
3
3
1
6
1
2
o
1
1
1
5
4
1
1
1
4
1
4
1
1
24
1
2
4
4
0
1
1
1
35
8
3
2
1
1
3
14
31
1
23
32
3
6
13
3
55
30
66
8
19
37
0
41
48
1
13
40
6
90
3
53
62
87
9
25
8
19
6
9
28
11
26
4
15
57
10
40
6
30
10
24
33
1
1
1
1
7
2
1
6
o
37
1
7
66
CO
4
7
o
C8
3
44
3
3
77
1
6
6
921
17
5
4
1
23
32
543
1
5
o
51
38
2,262
146
58
23
26
259
1
38
13
4
2
o
12
20
749
8
19
0
1
4
3
97
35
15
3
61
£0
8
44
9
7
1
15
6
18
10
1
3
10
4
4
2
100
1
3
1
3
9
1
3
3
1
11
4
23
86
1
1
6
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2,415
26
2,788
36
2,625
29
3, 885
50
3,523
52
5, 531
61
3,716
16
39,046
406
372
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LVIIL
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAH
1863.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
6, 550.
6, 733.
6, 787.
6, 044.
5, 949.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS I.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OKDEK I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
2
0
7
14
9
4
7
3
10
2
o i1 *
1
2
o
1
2
C8
71
271
152
27G
1
65
°87
2
78
22G
1
223
100
17
356
502
243
12
169
16
6
293
F
6
1
1,000
320
5
17
5
9
2
210
409
19
144
7
I
1
275
1
o
425
4
3
40
100
15
5
5
138
3
120
36
6
8
8
7
10
9
43
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
o
18 Diphtheria
1
7
C2
18
9
34
9
1
13
48
3
70
54
5
1
C
42
1
5
171
70
23
42
17
65
1
15
39
3
1
130
31
75
112
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22. Syphilis
23. Gonorrhoea
25. Stricture of the Urethra
26. Purulent Ophthalmia
3
6
2
27. Serpent Bite
28. Other Diseases of this Order
OUDEK III. — Dictic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
3
1
1
1
30. I'urpura
1
31. Delirium Tremeus
1
7
3
1
1
1
1
32. Inebriation
1
33. Chronic Alcoholism
1
1
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
OKDEH I.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
3fi. Acute Rheumatism
22
55
37
17
8
72
66
32
37. Chronic Rheumatism
16
o
10
2
38
38. Anaemia
oo
39. General Dropsy
1
40. Cancer
41. Tumors
2
42. Other Diseases of this Order
1
7
8
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
12
6
2
7
15
1°
44. Scrofula
5
1
10
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS ML — PARASITIC DISEASES.
4(5. Itch
5
14
24
48
80
47. Tape-worm
48. Other Intestinal Worms
49. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
1,055
3
2,489
14
2,040
6
1,668
11
1,590
10
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864
373
TABLE LYIII.
of the Northern Department.
1863.
1864.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY. FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
7, 721.
21, 869.
22, 649.
30, 135.
24, 834.
17, 268.
19, 527.
14, 672.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases, i
Deaths. Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. : Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
51
12
10
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
24
20
27
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
3G
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
4G
47
48
4<
11
1
1
1
69
2
10
20
5
3
5
5
54
8
33
14
3
3
35
3
12
6
1
1
26
1
6
2
1
38
4
4
1
292
27
104
1
55
122
125
18
3
194
119
15
11
15
4
19
114
137
321
234
213
4
270
134
195
1
167
127
1,745
2,510
9
178
301
231
50
10
531
68
50
1
311
34
3
356
96
35
4
145
132
995
11
34
350
572
373
42
189
35
8
609
39
174
I
47
14
54
210
3,110
501
1
20
64
318
287
54
81
60
56
208
1
44
246
1
1
3
3
o
2
3
7
1
1
6
23
20
1
3
1
7
395
84
42
2
109
87
251
5
25
207
391
38
107
216
6
1
7
758
59
77
1
4
112
5,364
1,484
947
279
513
394
2, ICO
20
168
1,250
3,022
378
765
1,580
148
17
92
17
10
8
0
19
71
62
6
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
4
1
3
47
64
443
3
24
204
560
16
75
3
19
14
7
13
10
31
10
138
5
1
1
3
11
4
185
97
19
61
11
1
1
1
8
54
107
31
59
89
13
1
25
13
41
110
46
61
117
j
621
11
16°
1
16
90
289
2
-
330
197
24
33
5
16
3
17
„
5
21
5
1
12
10
1
10
14
4
99
96
68
0
1
1,008
615
102
1
11
2
133
84
874
1
1
2
1
1
1
19
33
8
3
1
5
1
H
1
8
3
5
8
11
23
17
1
2
1
33
30
1
o
1
16
5
1
1
149
79
26
104
35
19
4
113
41
28
94
88
39
1
1
135
94
16
74
83
17
87
82
1
1
13
1
1
1
1
3
1
13
„
1
8
1
3
14
16
2
3
3
1°
o
1
14
6
13
4
1
15
3
17
19
129
155
146
164
54
36
1
3
9
i,:!«i;
13
3,883
28
3,506
62
4,593
109
3,575
55
2, 178
15
2,343
14
30, 220
340
374
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE L VIII.— NORTHERN DEPARTMENT— Continued.
YRAU
18(33.
MOJfTII
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
6,550.
6, 733.
6, 787.
6, 044.
5, 949.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
ard
1,055
3
2,489
14
1
2,040
6
1,608
11
1,590
1
10
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of JVervous Si/stem.
2
45
2
22
6
15
oo
07
3
4
1
1
i
o
1
4
0
1
3
54
2
5
35
i
16
31
r~' x" a'"ma 1 1
' S g.
39
1
66
' ° K.
2
1
2
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
39
1
66
45
68
66
1
1
1
7
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
5
5
2
70 Deafness
1
1
7
11
8
9
4
1
3
OUDEH IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
4
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
5
0
1
1
1
4
2
1
2
82. Other Diseases of this Order ....
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma
1
10
0
3
92
7
62
°7
84. Acute Bronchitis
94
20
55
o
85. Chronic Bronchitis
6
3
86. Dropsy of Chest
o
87. Haemorrhage from Nose
1
13
16
3
1
4
32
88. Inflammation of Larynx
4
9
16
5
5
15
2°
18
33
13
3
16
60
11
4
89. Inflammation of Lungs
1
1
1
8
90. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Haemorrhage from Lungs
4
92. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
9
47
14
60
68
13
18
25
3
15
94. Constipation
41
7
6°
95. Cholera Morbus
5
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease ...
o
1
11
1
1
8
5
19
1
98. Dvspepsia
35
10
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
1
101. Fistula in Ano
102. Hernia
5
1
7
9
7
19
1
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
1,360
4
2,992
17
2, 415
7
2,075
13
2,035
20
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
375
TABLE LVIIL— NORTHERN DEPARTMENT— Continued.
1803.
18G4.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
7, 721.
21, 869.
22, 649.
30, 135.
24, 634.
17, 268.
19, 527.
14, 672.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1, 306
13
3,883
2
18
79
1
4
28
1
3,506
1
9
63
2
7
1
7
21
62
2
1
4,593
2
13
73
1
3
6
6
33
71
4
109
2
3,575
55
2,178
15
2,343
1
16
68
1
1
8
3
3
57
5
o
14
30,226
7
92
503
18
18
21
31
118
699
23
6
17
14
7
1,064
23
5
8
21
50
40
139
340
6
1
3
10
8
50
1
1
6
1
24
84
4
15
29
4
1
4
7
1
3
4
4
10
16
6
4
1
3
o
55
2
o
6
91
1
1
3
55
61
4
o
2
1
3
1
1
92
1
3
1
6
0
3
1
7
4
3
91
2
1
160
4
65
6
141
100
109
3
3
1
6
9
1
6
27
8
3
15
12
12
1
6
9
8
6
1
8
3
6
34
10
16
1
46
1
4
13
18
3
108
1
64
3
7
23
10
1
1
3
5
1
5
18
20
1
2
1
1
I
|
5
1
1
1
4
0
3
4
1
o
1
1
1
2
12
9
1
27
11
1
5
°8
9
17
6
5
99
44
1
83
1,471
225
3
21
212
1,640
407
89
77
391
1,404
91
1
5
12
174
4
313
102
5
99
9
58
4
5
53
8
77
18
1
1
1
384
4
2
3
1
31
5
3
17
247
69
1°
6
1
18
88
20
8
3
13
50
1C
1
24
25
7
71
30
5
368
63
22
8
56
1
504
86
16
13
33
311
4
108
o
179
58
8
41
32
40
20
1
8
256
4
9
64
145
7
41
166
3
1
1
1
8
85
1
27
189
169
6
96
17
<>
15
4
75
5
4
34
10
39
0
34
433
o
38
34
79
51
6
1
1
22
3
7
21
7
38
1
36
4
26
16
22
220
5
8
3
22
1
1
1, 799
18
5,377
40
4,951
139
6,580
238
4,676
99
2,920
37
3,174
23
40, 354 655
376
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LVIIL— NORTHERN DEPARTMENT— Concluded.
YEAH
18(>3.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
6, 550.
6, 733.
6, 787.
6, 044.
5, 949.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
ieaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Uases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1,360
o
4
2,992
3
5
17
2,415
7
2,075
13
2,035
20
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
11
o
84
25
63
7
1
3
9
7
64
11
4
1
9
1
6
4
3
5
8
1
45
C
0
6
12
1
43
14
79
23
1
11
23
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
0
2
3
1
1
6
0
0
5
8
7
7
1
9
7
5
7
7
1
2
1°3 Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
3
1
1
8
4
3
1
1
2
1
ORDEU IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
1°
7
42
48
13
4
3
23
29
132. Boils
7
4
3
9
1
G
33
8
4
1
0
133. Carbuncle
3
6
15
1
03
134. Whitlow
133. Skin Diseases
16
0
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
OllDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
1
34
4
7
137. Contusions
24
5
138. Concussion of Brain
133. Drowning
2
140. Sprains
5
3
18
o
12
1
o
15
10
141. Dislocation
1
o
142. Simple Fractures
1
143. Compound Fractures
144. (lunshot Wounds
24
1
1
10
5
1
30
1
3
n
145. Incised Wounds
2
146. Lacerated Wounds
147. Punctured Wounds
1
148. Poisoning
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
3
130. OllDBll II. — Homicide
1
151. ORDER III.— Suicide ...
1
1
I
132. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence ... .
Total
1,482
8
3,200
18
2,678
12
2,351
14
2,352
21
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
377
TABLE LVIIL— NORTHERN DEPARTMENT— Concluded.
1HG3.
1864.
DECEMBER.
JAXUAIIY. FEBBUAUY.
MARCH.
Al'UIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
7, 721.
21,869.
22, 649.
30, 135.
24, 834.
17, 268.
19, 527. I
14, 672.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. 1 Cases.
l
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
14!)
150
151
152
1, 799
18
5,377
- 40
4, 951
139
6,580
238
4,676
99
2,920
37
3,174
23
40,354
r
1,046
122
33
24
190
66
381
289
31
43
15
14
1
7
107
53
53
14
4
13
5
28
655
67
3
115
170
22
4
9
51
307
1!)
8
8
14
7
24
155
48
15
56
11
5
1
21
7
9
23
19
7
1
29
4
1
1
1
7
3
1
13
7
24
33
1
2
1
1
1
9
4
3
1
2
1
24
5
4
30
42
4
15
21
10
2°
1
31
10
10
7
6
1
51
17
3
18
I
3
0
4
1
1
o
3
3
7
9
7
13
1
10
13
9
20
4
1
4
4
6
10
7
1
17
1
4
1
11
1
5
3
1
1
3
1
1
2
2
4
1
1
3
2
5
o
|
3
1
4
1
4
1
15
8
1
1
0
15
24
6
6
115
9
21
39
26
6<i
35
48
72
13
32
00
309
505
88
91
525
71
15
71
9
12
42
8
5
48
6
31
1
12
13
11
90
7
51
5
9
49
33
57
2
o
93
25
57
00
3°
3
36
122
366
6
54
40
1
1
1
4
13
51
45
11
7
1
46
18
1
4
1
9
5°
46
30
3
3
35
34 L
35
40
1
428
89
36
15
2
162
9
5
1
7
4
5
4
6
o
o
1
9
18
5
o
1
34
13
e
1
23
11
7
4
1
31
9
7
2
213
9
4
2
7
1
1
1
9
138
4
1
2
1
5
1
2
2
1
1
2,148
19
6,222
45
5,772
144
7, 424
242
5,346
105
3,277
38
3,770
30
46, 082
69C
48
378
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LIX.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
18G3.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
23, 134.
37, 684.
39, 942.
44, 669.
41,112.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
3ases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OHDEK I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
41
4
110
0
11
90
14
65
14
92
13
20
3
204
18
49
5
43
4
88
5
183
226
(129
975
4
460
619
657
306
514
558
215
419
347
47
3
1,025
157
215
22
28
12
68
1
° •»* v
144
10
760
97
58
1,960
23G
411
96
19
1
1G
51
14
1, 609
36
11
1,511
192
402
29
1
358
8. Quartan n e.m
13
7
1
onges n e
£07
1
I
3
00
138
8
15
1
1
3
]
142
356
19
17
1
4
1
2
6
1
0
1
o
1
"• r,cuto. I? 7
3
' r . ° y y
1
215
o
o
' '
3
1C
33
4
55
121
5
1
C
13
99
14
83
7
10
147
1
119
197
1
8
114
235
(i
29
35
2
1
42
121
36
86
170
11
ORliER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
208
8
o
13
26
3
7
1
1
oo
9
5
10
1
1
1
5
3
4
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29 Scurvy
16
12
7
.
30 Purpura
1
G
5
1
10
7
1
5
1
0
6
1
7
1
33. Chronic Alcoholism
1
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
36. Acute Rheumatism
57
93
96
145
156
37. Chronic Rheumatism
21
63
112
51
33
93
25
78
39
38. Anaemia
10
39. General Dropsy
2
6
1
1
1
i
40. Cancer
1
41. Tumors
0
1
42. Other Diseases of this Order
4
11
3
1
17
7
o
OllDEll II. — Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
1
1
8
8
5
fi
3
19
13
1
44. Scrofula
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch
40
40
2
7
49
1
7!}
274
47. Tape-worm
48. Other Intestinal Worms
7
3
49. Other Diseases of this Order
1
Carried forward
! •
2 099
15
6,349
56
5, 074
39 5, 199
34
4, 001 30
DUKING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.
379
TABLE LIX.
of the Department of the Ohio.
1863.
1804.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
45, 345.
48, 047.
49, 007.
46, 820.
38, 990.
34, 914.
37, 552.
40, 601.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
3ases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1G
17
18
19
20
21
22
2-1
25
26
28
2G
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
30
40
41
42
43
44
122
1
33
22
70
o
16
72
10
46
19
7
83
19
2
4
134
11
89
4
47
6
91
5
1,059
19
729
154
4
52
1
28
1
35
52
4
84
248
345
277
40
13
1,355
168
181
8
40
51
1
252
266
243
406
471
44
9
1,168
160
229
10
48
57
218
288
536
455
1
1
338
476
436
77
13
991
103
249
1
408
466
437
37
10
1,342
543
524
466
25
2
4,113
5,772
5,348
533
153
16, 466
2,117
3,865
294
455
276
2,303
1
191
1,153
3,013
646
1,083
1,949
9
2
340
32
4
1,392
165
185
14
47
57
100
1
20
87
499
48
89
121
37
10
1,159
177
244
17
38
44
649
1
3
1
8
1
4
2
2
8
2,147
385
651
47
66
4
41
3
36
3
36
12
12
11
21
24
1
6
2
4
1
1
3
3
142
604
22
51
50
96
1
2
2
51
21
490
J
1
3
4
1
2
10
2
1
3
5
1
o
o
2
2
39
12
27!)
19
70
107
13
1
16
165
23
17
229
1
17
143
105
75
111
199
23
4
11
6
98
76
1
10
231
518
185
1
52
92
2
104
84
170
20
48
68
131
17
2
203
105
212
1
7
158
19
21
3
11
17
o
193
15
75
C
C
4
2
1
2
5
100
3
71
444
5
44
48
20
16
1,981
905
403
9
4
20
32
170
91
1
1,724
7
60
1
26
1
37
58
3
91
1
50
1
4
65
1
1
9
1
1
2
1
6
1
3
2
3
3
3
o
4
2
o
6
3
5
1
3
3
1
o
6
2
172
C6
23
219
219
272
100
16
3
216
80
9
170
96
38
166
105
3
67
26
85
18
54
1
o
4
1
9
12
1
8
12
10
7
6
15
2
1
3
3
14
8
2
17
13
1
3
5
2
13
8
•
1
30
1
3
45
4
4
4
4
1
167
161
241
248
1
16
150
1
3
157
124
2
4
10
3
1
3
3,951
46
4,461
47
4,836
54
5,733
44
4,710
31
5,058
15
6,411
20
57, 882
437
380
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LIX.— DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO— Continued.
YEAII
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
23, 134.
37, C84.
39, 942.
44, 669.
41, 112.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
2, 099
1
6
57
3
15
1
6, 34'J
1
14
124
56
1
5,074
1
8
101
39
5,199
34
4,001
36
CLASS IV. -LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
11
08
16
75
3
1
3
3
06
g
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
25
4
82
8
79
1
9
87
3
1
3
2
1
2
'r <z *
1
4
o
. f . n ,
3
3
1
92
2
1
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
89
1
112
129
114
3
o
1
1
6
10
27
4
3
11
1
1
30
ORDER III.— .Diseases of Ear.
32
3
5
70 Deafness
3
6
11
5
8
6
4
oo
ORDEU IV. — Diseases ef Organs of Circulation.
1
2
1
1
6
1
2
1
5
1
I
p y .
„
o
1
1
7
11
4
1
5
50
18
3
o
16
33
22
10
55
10
4
2
9
63
16
4
4
1
13
82
14
11
6
1
10
143
82 Other Diseases of this Order
1
31
11
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83 Asthma
87. Haemorrhage from Nose
1
3
18
17
1
1
10
59
48
7
81
151
69
1
51
118
62
5
115
88. Inflammation of Larynx
1
1
31
51
43
5
69
120
89. Inflammation of Lungs
1
1
5
10
5
1
91. Haemorrhage from Lungs
4
9
61
43
34
92. Other Diseases of this Order
2
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
100
128
72
94. Constipation
121
147
18
95. Cholera Morbus
1
81
12
4
32
35
24
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
i
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
2
12
3
36
1
33
44
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
1
101. Fiatula in Ano
1
8
5
29
1
5
29
27
102. Hernia
°3
103. llajmorrhagc from Stomach
1
1
Carried forward
i
2,578
20
7,383
61
6,078
50
6, 179
45
5,216
45
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.
381
TABLE LIX.— DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO— Continued.
1808.
1864.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
45, 345.
48, 047.
49, 007.
40, 820.
38, 990.
34, 914.
37, 552.
40, 601.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
C2
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
'.!.-)
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Cases.
Deaths.
Oases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
3, 951
2
10
79
1
0
46
3
4,461
47
1
4,836
2
6
52
54
5,733
44
4,710
o
31
5,058
15
6,411
1
12
163
2
20
57, 682
10
155
1, 168
17
21
13
17
65
1,077
28
56
437
10
o
16
97
20
16
79
2
4
1
1
9
75
20
108
4
o
165
1
3
1
9
108
2
4
1
1
1
18
6
3
I
1
1
3
4
1
3
1
4
4
5
124
2
3
5
139
3
oo
o
4
75
5
1
5
109
1
1
3
108
5
1
1
1
1
8
o
1
1
2
18
12
2
1 308
1
1
3
2
o
1
116
5
1
82
143
5
2
110
100
3
1
1
122
99
n
23
°7
1
9
7
1
1
15
89
90
41
126
108
1
50
7
12
9
19
4
26
4
3
26
8
10
9
6
1
14
4
1
4
23
14
8
o
17
13
2
1
6
o
2
4
1
1
7
3
12
1
3
2
1
3
o
1
9
C
4
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
17
10
1
16
7
3
107
54
15
92
1,832
307
8
A.O
297
1, 532
582
80
880
1,042
1, 664
10
6
4
3
9
2
10
3
6
4
10
199
33
4
152
14
321
2
12
275
34
2
1
28
8
361
57
o
2
91
35
4
64
21
2
4
1
3
20
1
6
37
3
1
10
101
53
8
29
4
22
67
38
1
2
185
3
29
180
45
10
89
79
103
37
35
1
6
19
208
64
4
109
70
150
33
184
64
3
92
79
245
23
1
306
72
15
49
171
54
3
97
49
118
7
26
7
6
24
135
228
58
1
1
1
111
53
147
4
1
5
3
1
73
159
16
1
...
16
7
1
4
34
1
1
1
337
13
33
352
4
3
31
6
54
3
16
2
13
1
5
15
1
1
1
4
21
2
;:; i
*
47
321
11
4
r
5
47
nr~>
29
07
31
2
5
1
1
1
\v»
73
6, 063
89
6,312
86
7,424
101
5,879
65
6,221
20
7,646 32 72,003
C93
382
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LIX.— DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO— Concluded.
YEAU
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STKEXGTII
23, 134.
37, 684.
39, 942.
44, 669.
41, 112.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases. | Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
2,578
4
21
4
2
1
8
20
7,383
7
39
16
9
3
27
61
6,078
2
50
6,179
1
56
0
45
5,216
45
OHDEU VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
49
6
8
o
80
2
4
1
1
1
1
1
8
16
138
70
6
1
I
11
1
172
6
54
83
29
9
103
96
20
110. Chronic
31
36
2
o
1
1
67
6
6
1
1
OUDEII VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
6
3
3
1
1
5
13
7
7
1
2
1
3
2
3
5
2
4
1
3
2
3
1
1
6
1
3
0
o
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
1
125 Caries
1
o
6
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
117
196
130. Other Diseases of this Order
3
73
110
6
10
16
9
36
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess
23
68
134
11
18
17
6
35
60
76
6
132. Boils
40
4
4
18
4
31
1
133. Carbuncle ..
14
36
49
14
5°
134. Whitlow
135. Skin Diseases
0
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
' 12
137. Contusions
1
27
1
136. Concussion of Brain
o
1
4
1
139. Drowning
3
o
1
140. Sprains
23
3
37
3
3
3
19
41
8
4
3°
38
00
141. Dislocation
o
2
142. Simple Fractures
r
4
4
132
19
1
4
143. Compound Fractures
3
80
5
3
2
1
3
1
4
612
7
7
5
1
2
144. Gunshot Wounds
13
60
8
11
13
61
145. Incised Wounds
146. Lacerated Wounds
147. Punctured Wounds
4
1
148. Poisoning1
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
6
15
10
3
150. ORDER II. — Homicide
151. ORDER ill.— Suicide
152. ORDER IV.— Execution of Sentence
Total
2, 951
38
8, 320
73
6,840
64
6,963
62
6,438
108
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.
TABLE LIX.— DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO— Concluded.
1803.
18(54.
UECEMUER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
45, 345.
48, 047.
49, 007.
46, 820.
38, 990.
34, 914.
37, 552.
40, 601.
104
105
100
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases
Deaths-
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
5,114
70
C)
3
1
5
C
202
68
73
6,063
14
74
3
89
6, 312
1
134
6
5
86
7, 424
G
121
5
4
101
5,879
65
6,221
14
65
1
3
26
7, 616
3
33
3
G
32
72, 093
50
800
61
46
8
129
104
1, "3
786
94
56
14
19
5
°9
/
693
58
11
2
4
2
1
6
6
137
72
6
10
119
67
3
10
1
6
6
11
136
47
6
8
o
9
15
90
75
1
1
2
4
6
12°
16
18
48
59
1
3
56
3
6
1
1
32
3
3
10
1
o
1
o
7
2
3
0
1
1
13
8
27
3
4
0
o
1
24
11
1
4
4
10
16
1
1
1
2
139
19
34
19
15
6
10
27
3
12
6
5
633
1,032
1
3
5
4
1
5
1
2
o
1
1
1
1
1
5
2
3
1
5
1
3
1
3
1
4
1
o
1
1
C9
72
7
8
7
6
24
25
76
3
47
70
15
39
90
4
9
40
8
42
1
35
47
7
13
60
8
34
58
8
14
118
7
35
1
43
63
9
4
81
11
55
1
2
94
138
559
111
424
15
12
85
39
6
31
4
20
28
1
1
3
2G
1
3
1
o
1
1
10
1
0
17
4
4
2
165
16
5
4
4
6
21
36
7
1
39
11
5
1
44
3
5
39
G
5
34
29
34
56
22
2,822
148
4:3
38
Si
205
6
10
0
115
10
0
1
6
1
928
4
4
26
3
o
3
20
1
18
12
3
3
1
11
1
14
1
638
5
J
5
179
27
7
1
o
16
10
1
o
6
1
2
1
3
1
5
3
6
1
95
4
20
3
8
5, 929
106
6, 933
127
7,076
95
8,141
108
6,468
68
7,821
45
8,833
40
82, 713
934
384
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LX.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1863.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
98, 806.
103, 234.
95, 108.
110, 177.
107, 898.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
142
24
98
18
59
1
30
10
52
13
53
4
100
3
62
o
82
91
3
1,379
1,108
2
1,218
1,539
4
834
1,275
3
912
1,456
1,521
172
o
3
713
1,178
1,192
142
6
1,056
1,064
162
1
1,163
}OO
2
1
86
36
6,186
631
1,567
117
91
4
8
o
2
17
20
8
1
17
5,399
773
1, 4C3
112
73
3
1
3
5
25
7
35
3,095
438
889
61
28
14
4,910
947
1,380
133
62
2
4
49
12
8
36
3, 785
905
935
136
43
18
4
3
105
18
5
2
12
11
3
21
8
1
1C Measles
1
17. Scarlet Fever
18 Diphtheria
15
14
10
136
9
87
63
30
83
124
1
23
10
256
31
11
280
1
17
99
88
116
177
1
1
55
144
183
9
2
57
1
3
17
3
7
10
1
21
4
305
189
88
1
130
136
154
1
113
110
202
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
24. Orchitis
33
4
30
4
18
o
27
19
6
17
25. Stricture of the Urethra
3
15
20. Purulent Ophthalmia
36
3
1
13
27. Serpent Bite
1
28. Other Diseases of this Order
18
1
13
4
1
4
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
41
6
4
5
1
30. Purpura
1
1
3
3
31. Delirium Treraens
1
32. Inebriation
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order. . .
4
CLASS !!.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER l.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
36. Acute Rheumatism
0"()
1
247
80
434
251
1
500
24°
1
37. Chronic Rheumatism
192
38. Ananmia
106
32
54
2
54
39. General Drops}'
40. Cancer
1
3
9
1
1
o
1
1
10
20
41. Tumors
6
11
17
7
1
56
42. Other Diseases of this Order
9
32
14
3
10
8
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
2
2
1
3
44. Scrofula
5
45. Other Diseases of this Order. .
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch
26
1
4
1
41
1
7
4
30
47. Tape- worm
48. GUier Intestinal Worms
1
6
4
8
49. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
13, 740
83
13, 350
92
8,887
46
13, 285
99
10, 967
156
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
385
TABLE LX.
of the Department of the Cwnberlajid.
1803.
18G4.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAT.
JUNE. TOTAL.
114,746.
95, 860.
93, 772.
110, 150.
127, 328.
123, 359.
115, 315.
107, 979.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases. Deaths. :
Cases. Deaths. I
1
o
3
4
5
6
7
8
3
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
G4
7
82
6
41
11
1
43
10
1
4
62
1
58
19
51
1
70
13
1
3
70
5
109
30
89
59
851
15
952
218
2
24
91
5
2
1
175
1
543
862
919
75
18
3, 421
874
656
124
42
62
2
2
465
656
686
100
6
o 4^0
438
583
489
65
780
925
1 028
2
1,055
1,279
1, 334
84
12
2,984
426
604
74
143
256
413
1
1
1, 328
1,336
1,352
118
20
4,406
585
1,667
&7
114
110
217
5
10
285
1
1,619
1,563
1,202
269
12
11, 284
13, 760
13, 006
1,514
35
4
7
2
1
119
31
2 233
394
532
54
101
194
763
6
44
559
772
3
6
1 292
1
6
1
14
1
I
1
8
4
2
5
24
<vJ
1
3
17
6
12
5
39
9
48
6,265
740
1,873
131
95
29
79
5
8
29
11
3
13
9
5
279
46,388
7,541
12, 642
1,184
890
887
1,856
12
371
2,123
4,067
28
29
426
113
63
28
123
128
2
98
4
8
526
518
91
50
91
54
38
2
3
302
358
64
48
99
290
1
37
250
434
116
123
14
1
4
1
6
36
1
29
53
4
11
42
00
422
120
375
234
23
25
28
1
9
38
1
61
70
521
71
656
1
14
146
131
274
205
276
4
1
1
735
233
386
603
64
9
36
218
389
376
445
136
118
221
1
258
370
651
2
3
1,942
2,342
3, 493
346
70
358
14
177
1,705
121
70
49
12
54
7
5, 028
2,766
563
6
4
223
19
1
32
29
1
8
62
38
7
44
1
80
395
15
10
5
4
6
25
7
21
3
34
2
10
549
41
2
2
1
1
88
15
1
109
o
1
165
11
17
9
52
1
1
1
256
20
9
8
4
10
1
624
2
7
1
1
1
4
3
1
12
1
11
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
419
224
1
389
180
38
599
239
40
337
210
467
308
19
446
266
46
3
1
3
385
29
1
1
22
35
1
7
1
31
11
4
52
72
288
160
2
1, 527
0
46
12
I
5
19
3£
17
4
1
26
17
1
101
4
3
9
22
8
9
1
o
18
16
1
7
30
18
3
20
20
4
26
1
1
64
92
156
4
4
195
3
454
308
4
3
8
o
1
|
9, 919 131
7,907
78
6,171
85
11,264
138
13, 437
89
15, 120
130
16,864
164
140,911
1,291
386
TABLE LX.— DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBEELAND— Continued.
— _ — —
VKAK
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
98, 806.
103, 234.
95, 108.
110, 177.
107, 898.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
rd
13, 740
3
10
294
83
1
13, 350
15
92
2
8,887
1
20
46
13, 285
17
226
99
5
10, 967
2
156
1
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Diseaus of Nervous System.
°44
108
1C8
16
2
7
1
2
6
11
294
6
31
20
5
1
3
2
3
37
240
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
o
3
en'
1
5
o
3
7
250
13
173
3
11
3
1
7
184
3
23
1
234
6
29
6
4
7
9
11
3
3
191
4
27
4
3
2
286
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
1
1
330
13
31
6
303
4
26
9
' n ammd ° J
0
' " "
14
4
' e .
ORDER III.— diseases of Ear.
23
1
29
77
36
6
37
145
5
19
7
1
16
50
70 r' > ^ a
71
12
17
64
'
70
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
14
74 Vil ular Disease of Heart
6
1
1
1
2
2
1
13
o
1
8
1
o
1
7"
P 7 f p > • • r
1
7
1
p y
3
1
1
1
17
15
17
21
4
33
8
6
10
4
7
11
1
19
406
32
1
4
48
81
8
107
231
1
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma
13
207
27
198
45
157
9
273
52
37
1
86. Dropsy of Chest
5
45
G
40
49
83
3
14
99
71
10
63
302
88. Inflammation of Larynx
89. Inflammation of Lungs
83
80
12
40
377
325
5
1
35
51
8
19
293
12
11
1
9
1
90. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Hsemorrhape from Lunps
10
19
432
92. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic .„
94. Constipation
310
316
141
119
258
364
5L
4
95. Cholera Morbus
190
1
4
88
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease.
9
120
13
93
4
59
8
99
98. Dyspopsi a
72
1
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
o
4
12
101. Fistula in Ano
11
30
1
6
27
3
8
53
1
102. Horuia
4°
38
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
o i
1
Carried forward
16, 504
97
16, 359
105
10, 532
61
15, 580
121
13,513
173
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.
387
TABLE LX.— DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND— Continued.
18(>3.
1804V
DECEMBEU.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
114, 746.
95, 860.
93, 772.
110, 150.
127, 328.
123, 359.
115, 315.
107, 979.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
70
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
8D
90
93
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1,291
5
9,919
3
19
177
4
4
131
4
7,907
,1
78
6,171
1
23
146
2
85
1
1
11, 264
28
230
138
1
13, 437
1
31
279
13
5
o
3
42
89
1
2
15, 120
3
28
299
130
2
1
16, 8G4
4
24
338
10
6
6
1
33
263
164
4
1
140, 911
25
258
2 662
153
3
2
2
5
18
230
7
2
2
14
252
73
27
20
35
229
2,870
73
181
96
34
28
3,231
75
508
64
2
1
1
2
1
4
6
2
2
o
1
1
3
3
3
27
1C
7
1
2
2
16
209
7
1
10
1
5
227
7
11
5
3
16
246
9
1
2
10
170
1
303
6
1
11
4
o
7
1
4
3
3
303
14
°7
4
54
1
1
8
53
5
4
2
258
4
120
1
2
4
1
1
14
2
2
189
4
5
5
8
3
1
233
1
403
7
2
1
5
439
2
59
288
17
142
1
11
10
3
11
2
19
55
1
8
4
1
3
21
18
7
26
4
26
33
13
36
4
1
15
1
2
9
15
5
19
4
22
7
33
3
23G
57
323
504
3
115
12
7
36
15
3
184
136
29
270
5
23
8
56
15
7
1
1
1
14
4
1
5
13
6
1
1
1
7
1
1
4
1
1
1
2
15
9
3
2
]
3
1
3
1
9
1
1
1
2
o
12
9
12
19
727
106
18
15
1
28
9
7
1
13
384
45
1
6
81
188
82
6
213
108
259
8
10
5
21
31
17
3
26
523
o-
2°
12
1
27
9
1
20
2
1
1
1
6
1
533
72
o
760
60
4
7
132
216
38
o
1
1
208
31
2
4, 592
628
15
54
672
2,101
1,343
184
1,424
3,129
4,376
2
2
1
101
3
4
67
279
161
19
120
214
5°6
1
3
70
217
177
25
230
196
422
27
6
81
220
250
33
357
5
43
166
108
14
17
288
0.)
16
16
1
19
1
515
119
18
215
153
430
2°
62
3
46
4
1
7
3G
4
128
81
21
24
361
5G6
124
30
4
1
1
2G3
19
o
15
1
2
1
5
174
322
453
14
1
13
73
1
9
2
8
45
40
1
9
85
75
1,075
12
135
1,058
6
7
79
1
1
10
26
5
1
3
1
114
139
o
9
62
1
1
7
41
1
6
1
10
56
1
3
6
52
0
21
88
549
22
5
43
2
5
68
o
1
5
1
4
0
13,137
1G3
10,922
100
8,380
116
14, 889
219
17, 063
168
18,003
185
19, 926
218
174, 808
1,726
388
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OP WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LX.— DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND— Concluded.
YEAH
1803.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBEU.
NOVEMBER.
98, 800.
103, 234.
95, 108.
110, 177.
107, 898.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
16, 504
10
55
97
1
16, 359
6
58
17
12
2
31
105
1
10, 532
7
36
7
6
27
32
61
15, 580
7
69
]S1
1
13, 513
o
no
5
7
1
23
16
50
187
4
4
3
o
173
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
28
20
1
31
26
11
14
3
31
23
77
199
4
8
o
4
2
1
1
3
3
1
1
107. In amnia 1011 c
1
10.). Acute 11 mma ion t
1
1
151
143
210
89
157
16
2
202
14
6
4
2
1
1
33
5
10
1
2
1
0
28
8
o
OUDEU VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
6
1
2
16
6
4
1
6
1
11
1
3
17
6
12
1
2
34
20
1
7
........
5
7
3
o
122 Hydrocele
1
3
4
1
7
0
3
123 Other Diseases of this Order
6
1
1
7
OUDEU VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
1
12
5
1
12
10
C
2
2
6
7
o
o
3
1
130. Other Diseases of this Order
1
214
491
35
1
143
256
OUDEU IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess
200
1
171
280
"0
140
236
16
41
20
39
141
6
132. Boils
385
40
54
41
133. Carbuncle
18
25
134. Whitlow
54
39
45
9G
36
30
31
85
1
135. Skin Diseases
11
32
157
3
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
OUDEU 1. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
130. Burns
4
1
137. Contusions
94
o
1
1
138. Concussion of Brain .
2
9
139. Drowning
2
4
1
140. Sprains
104
11
9
141
15
16
1
54
43
35
19
20
26
74
91
o
107
2
4
9
2,990
56
10
141. Dislocation
3
17
20
142. Simple Fractures
1
5
1
374
49
13
9
1
12
143. Compound Fractures
o
168
144. Gunshot Wounds
91
39
21
9
8,030
11
85
7
3
10
184
148
145. Incised Wounds
146. Lacerated Wounds
17
11
5
10
1
1
147. Punctured Wounds
1
9
0
148. Poisoning
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
1
1
1
4
10
150. OKDRU II. — Homicide
151. OliDER III. — Suicide
0
1
1
l.~>2. OUDEU IV.— Execution of Sentence
1
Total
18, 269
129
18, 318
1 90
19, 871
200
17, 316
282
17, 853~
353
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1804.
389
TABLE LX.— DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND— Concluded.
18(33.
18(>4.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
Al'lUL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
114, 746.
95, 860.
93, 772.
110, 150.
127, 328.
123, 359.
115, 315. 107, 97!?.
104
105
106
107
108
109
no
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. I Deaths.
1
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
]3, 137
1
119
27
2
2
21
18
51
201
10
8
1
5
163
10, 922
10
125
100
1
8,380
3
126
116
14, 889
1
030
219
17, 063
6
240
168
18, 003
13
145
11
23
3
43
21
118
215
4
15
185
19, 926
6
84
8
20
3
24
218
174, 808
1,399
144
127
24
299
247
960
2 115
1,726
6
1
1
17
1
1
9
17
31
135
13
9
o
5
3
3
1
14
10
33
86
4
5
3
4
1
3
20
4
4
4
2
1
3
1
3
9
16
1
29
28
64
201
1
o
1
1
3
24
10
6
1
1
1
1
3
2
3
2
1
1
16
21
47
121
1
106
201
1
14
0
50
30
8
3
3
193
89
28
48
8
48
368
77
110
26
42
2?
22
112
11
41
30
7
1,819
3,227
259
515
1,288
475
1,321
60
1
14
3
1
1
1
6
1
3
26
4
2
2
7
21
11
17
1
3
1
3
22
5
5
3
1
5
1
13
1
5
7
1
159
230
20
37
23
50
76
3
6
53
10
12
0
12
52
9
14
2
6
54
4
10
5
9
1
2
5
1
2
1
2
2
2
6
11
8
3
6
3
4
11
1
1
o
6
0
6
11
1
4
1
1
6
1
C
11
7
3
3
1
140
176
2
2
2
o
1
1
78
141
6
33
74
44
49
3
91
152
283
153
2°1
178
338
36
32
204
25
1
2
190
14
47
110
53
67
1
20
9
37
248
1
64
141
38
73
1
55
347
42
48
164
15
4
3
5
32
133
3
1
1
1
181
11
1
1
1
4
4
145
3
3
5
170
66
11
14
10
13
108
9
7
0
106
5
11
2
266
3!)
15
1^4
2C1
132
127
6
9
81
4, 219
42
1, 590
100
116
172
22, 564
624
515
133
74
244
10
14
4
70
70
11
19
4
49
22
9
9
43
6,064
76
39
13
6
8
i
12
1
8
1,041
2
4
0
1
A.S
6
2
2
9
2
5
1
4
104
83
11
14
0
16
1
143
1
17G
142
132
50
9
5
4
46
A.O
1
8
2
53
13
5
1
38
1
1
16
6
6
4
1
1
o
5
1
2
2
;
'
14, 7] 3
316
12, 349
136
9,644
139
16, 535
210
19, 413
190
1
25, 987 348
26, 111
407 210, 379
2,932
390
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TKOOPS
TABLE LXL
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1863.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
148, 167.
99, C42.
80, 566.
87, 807.
85, 944.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
50
1
64
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OHDEU I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
324
1
6G4
140
5
102
215
1
315
70
158
7
203
79
1
88
21
37
7
67
e
44
3
r jy
4,370
9,441
6,447
790
454
7,798
1,920
2,566
354
145
33
24
98
2
o
140
40
166
88
31
8
2
2,947
7,152
5, 443
636
335
5,487
1,468
2,286
261
74
22
5<v
54
11
3
1
97
18
127
83
40
4
1
12
1,912
5,401
4,452
502
192
3,580
1,188
2,320
267
56
13
8
30
1, 0:26
4,330
3, 467
420
60
2,656
926
1,477
230
30
30
11
13
1
1
1
21
13
30
29
19
581
2,438
2,714
258
19
2, 089
779
956
198
CO
48
3
1
1
49
10
88
81
33
1
4
4
9
32
14
5
1
1
18. Diphtheria
17
26
150
106
129
280
2
1
17
35
123
52
122
205
3
9
11
115
66
109
213
1
5
6
134
94
206
2
8
6
314
35
138
°14
20. Epidemic Catarrh
1
4
1
11
45
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22. Syphilis
1
29
20
12
20
18
9
34
1
25. Stricture of the Urethra
8
77
1
6
111
2
5
3
2
10
5
320
253
8
34
o
3
°4
26. Purulent Ophthalmia
1
51
27. Serpent Bite
o
28. Other Diseases of this Order
2
112
3
4
6
4
1
38
5
14
3
1
11
1
245
3
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
3
2
o
o
5
1
1
1
43
34
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens
2
2
11
3
1
1
307
189
165
6
1°
32. Inebriation
33. Chronic Alcoholism
1
3
o
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
OUDEP. l.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
2
191
179
36. Acute Rheumatism
1
303
244
103
1
37. Chronic Rheumatism
150
38. Anajmia
9
318
4
183
o
2
1
39. General Dropsy
40. Cancer
6
2
24
96
18
o
3
7
33
3°
14
41. Tumors
3
44
80
26
1
95
4
15
59
14
1
1
9
5
42. Other Diseases of this Order
1
10
1
1
11
OKDEH II.— Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
44. Scrofula
9
1
1
1
3
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch
46
4
21
39
126
47. Tape- worm
4
6
1
2
48. Other Intestinal Worms
4
49. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
37, 398
914
28,361
622
21, 671
474
16, 190
162
11, 882
83
DURING THE YEAK ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
391
TABLE LXI.
of the Department of the Tennessee.
1863.
18G4.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
90, 010.
88, 105.
80, 999.
91, 649.
86, 199.
90, 510.
93, 830.
94, 625.
1
o
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
24
25
2G
27
20
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. '' Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
30
9
77
11
36
1
20
12
75
39
17
1
4
49
19
44
14
14
1
48
1
94
10
1
5
109
11
90
22
1,243
44
1, 655
383
22
261
25
3
29
2
1
3
407
2,081
1, 952
204
13
1,980
500
002
151
08
88
42
3
1
427
1,506
1,820
145
20
1,746
500
543
112
73
240
51
1
14
03
325
10
93
172
2
797
1,583
1,438
197
3
596
2 016
583
2,043
3
837
1,875
2,057
172
2
],327
2,210
1,732
8
1
15, 870
42, 136
35, 102
3,927
1,243
44,611
9,708
15, 922
1,981
1,107
1,296
1,392
7
192
1,901
2,700
1,104
1,725
o OQO
217
19
4
349
108
577
352
160
32
67
91
0
10
1
1
72
2
2,118
1, 516
140
24
2, 185
372
594
39
150
179
255
192
211
1
6
1
3
6
3
31
5
6
2
2
2
1
20
1,928
413
512
09
75
143
261
4
13
618
254
5
3
27
35
2,513
410
585
89
128
221
457
10
2
9
5
o
4
31
25
4
19
4,717
408
1,397
93
104
230
119
4
4
5
12
3
4
4
9
1
52
7,932
758
2,084
118
144
49
109
7
5
9
*wl
6
9
8
3
o
8
8
5
9
31
3
1
21
42
408
13
107
223
31
3
38
1
28
447
260
22
343
338
185
152
356
42
1
20
180
115
167
204
373
38
18
124
104
254
276
1
105
80
216
17
2
22
1
159
161
381
18
9
1
443
21
29
308
59
474
5
127
793
17
70
68
18
32
19
3,945
2,265
1,432
1
3
22
2
32
4
40
63
37
1
14
25
1
13
3
4
6
44
0
11
53
0
£7
Si
1
8
C
1
55
110
1
4
3
1
78
1
6
3
1
7
3
88
1
4
12
1
13
3
10
4
1
C
5
4
]
1
3
1
1
1
361
275
85
1
351
171
64
1
2
4
384
209
1
4
1
566
142
42
350
159
17
201
172
35
2
306
1
3
1
55
93
1
10
35
17
1
2
1
3
3
21
17
15
1
4
1
11
14
29
164
488
108
20
1,220
1
13
34
14
1
1
12
70
3
1
3
8
1
20
12
7
4
5
5
39
8
4
1
109
99
1
1
149
1
112
131
1
4
129
128
1
1
20
40
1
1
1
10, 229
74
8,955
87
9, 796
81
11, 818
i
129
10, 385
107
14, 124 70
19, 321
92
200,130
2, 695
392
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXL— DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE— Continued.
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBEK.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STKEXGTII
148, 1G7.
99, 642.
80, 566.
87, 807.
85, 944.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
37, 398
17
24
398
7
8
6
9
59
366
11
208
19
4
]
651
8
41
12
914
6
1
8,361
6
So
215
622
4
1
21, 671
3
19
151
9
10
4
5
23
187
13
21
1
3
5
446
10
18
17
474
16, 190
3
11
104
162
1
11, 882
4
13
83
3
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
4
51. Epilepsy
105
6
1
1
8
6
158
10
52. Headache
10
9
3
1
4
1
0
53. Insanity
3
2
5
1
4
1
4
1
1
1
19
211
14
36
11
6
3
443
C
32
1
18
157
7
0
9
3
1
2
8
3
OHDEK II. — Diseases of Eye.
4
1
400
424
13
9
17
6
8
9
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
29
33
4
31
105
28
10
3
11
53
1
13
1
o
8
33
123
3
15
5
9
62
71
2
4
3
1
2
OUDEU IV.— Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
22
3
1
4
]
17
3
1
5
3
1
2
0
1
. Va vu ai
_d' r°psy '
5
6
1
2
' • ropsy ° .
1
2
-
7«' "fl Qtt •OU °f F° Id'
' a &
1
11
12
v 'v •
30
21
3
27
263
25
19
25
' .
19
5
32
15
6
8
20
474
132
1
1
3
21
205
74
1
13
19
81
57
2°
5
16
334
OHUEK V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83 Asthma
1
1
172
84
3
10
20
93
57
16
27
301
527
1
109
3
21
4
107
10
39
126
54
14
5
79
190
76
41
137
7G
25
50
472
797
365
5
1
20
1
1
1
1
1
10
o
1
69. Inflammation of Lungs
15
1
10
1
92. Other Diseases of this Order .. ..
18
230
385
93
135
269
31
1
218
119
264
1
OilDEK VI. — Diseases of Digestive. Organs.
93. Colic
1
94. Constipation
5
212
1
45
1
123
2
35
19
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
57
o
00
18
71
167
1
10
11
83
133
104
77
100. Diseases of Spleen
8
54
7
1
23
10
43
10
10
36
6
17
102. Hernia
36
1
1
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
2
4
1
42, 250
982
31, 496
662
24, 242
500
18, 498
183
14, 509
116
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.
393
TABLE LXL— DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE— Continued.
18(33.
1864.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
96, 010.
88,165.
86, 999.
91, 649.
86, 199.
90, 510.
93, 836.
94, 625.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
CO
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
"TO
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
.89
9C
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Cases.
Deaths.
Oases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
10,229
2
13
96
4-
6
74
o
1
8,955
87
9,796
81
11, 818
129
10, 385
o
17
88
3
2
107
1
14, 124
2
23
70
2
19, 321
2
24
238
8
3
2
4
14
213
8
120
11
1
1
496
9
16
4
92
2
1
200, 130
41
210
1,863
2,895
21
9
11
120
7
4
2
3
4
145
13
95
17
84
4
5
3
1
10
172
1
169
4
5
1
o
4
3
6
2
68
60
52
184
2,202
95
423
78
30
28
5,014
82
201
100
1
39
14
1
1
4
4
3
1
2
2
f
o
8
11
169
7
1
3
2
110
3
2
6
177
6
2
3
1°
137
6
34
6
1
4
1
12
7
2
11
4
401
13
1
9
o
8
4
4
377
3
9
16
o
4
2
3
282
1
4
430
3
32
o
2
321
343
7
8
5
14
1
15
5
8
1
26
32
9
o
9
1
19
17
1
25
16
1
5
1
6
o
10
3
25
28
4
°7
199
36
269
525
5
99
16
12
29
4
4
221
116
40
198
4,256
1,028
14
115
548
2,449
1,067
175
1,134
2, 318
4,428
19
30
14
5
20
1
4
1
3
1
5
1
1
10
3
6
4
8
1
1
5
1
2
26
12
0
15
456
110
1
5
55
233
101
9
1C5
119
260
1
11
81
8
1
5
1
10
1
1
3
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
10
4
14
11
4
1
13
562
18
5
14
3
1
11
253
18
10
1
13
243
96
1
H
398
40
10
6
265
48
2
I
1
5
o
4
7
13
631
90
1
6
58
280
107
8
135
117
256
18
1
9
103
1
1
14
43
2
1
2
94
1
6
77
344
137
13
153
117
283
39
2
19
38
202
93
8
23
227
359
67
1
8
58
2
38
407
133
9
82
92
192
4
49
242
72
8
151
102
257
15
14
35
114
104
18
19
287
579
123
3
12
4
284
11
3
11
5
*vi>
1
1
36
1
21
4
53
1
53
13
7
1
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
19
1
1
1,045
15
249
1, 069
127
103
551
30
9
1
9
56
11
52
12
1
3
112
18
6
45
1
1
7
10
31
1
3
5
10
48
3
5
3
6
53
~
8
43
36
1
1
1
4
12, 840
117
11,657
134
11,935
113
14, 482
193
12, 491
172
16,541
94
22, 439
112
233,380
3,378
50
394
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXL— DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE— Concluded.
y KAK
18(33.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
148, 1C7.
99, 642.
80, 56C.
87, 807.
85, 944.
LIST OP DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
42, 250
32
139
57
66
6
78
92
310
371
20
14
5
11
1
7
57
27
15
982
3
31, 496
51
59
33
19
4
70
70
177
270
662
3
3
5
4
24 242
17
73
26
15
7
39
35
206
253
5
9
2
500
1
18, 498
35
59
183
14, 509
2
105
116
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
1
9
4
5
2
7
25
9
3
32
25
5
1
1
10
10
18
31
77
186
7
3
8
1
4
1
o
1
3
1
1
1
127
213
8
5
2
8
3
16
9
4
5
*
OKDEK VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
' T,-
1
5
' "! ' S
6
0
5
2
36
14
7
6
8
o
20
17
5
6
3
3
10
9
8
3
3
1
1
9
6
11
6
5
5
4
5
2
19
1
2
5
1
6
1
7
1
3
3
OllDEll VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
125 Caries
15
11
1
4
C
1
307
317
20
8
4
11
3
2
130 Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess ....
238
6G4
Cl
96
72
74
142
4
2
148
329
114
218
18
40
29
12
144
232
21
50
24
29
132. Boils
133. Carbuncle
24
134. Whitlow
97
56
44
89
3
42
L35. Skin Diseases
36
21
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
137. Contusions
87
1
117
o
64
o
1
13S. Concussion of Brain
1
3
1
9
139. Drowning
5
o
2
140. Sprains
98
8
17
4
826
5')
77
6
17
91
o
89
6
14
0
146
141. Dislocation
142. Simple Fractures
14
2
34
19
20
143. Compound Fractures
4
1, 132
40
8
13
3
4
1
73
144. Gunshot Wounds
112
67
31
20
8
18
6
15
7
180
31
12
15
7
5
19
145. Incised Wounds
146. Lacerated Wounds
28 1
18 2
°2
13
13
9
8
1
147. Punctured Wounds
148. Poisoning
143. Other Accidents and Injuries
16 6
2
2
o
-1
1
1
150. ORDER II.— Homicide
151. ORDER III. — Suicide
2
1
152. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence
Total
714
46,108 1,149
33, 577
25, 920
520
20, 029
215
Ifi, 980
198
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
TABLE LXL— DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE— Concluded.
1803.
18<>4.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
96, 010.
88, 165.
86, 999.
91,649.
86, 199.
90, 510.
93, 836.
94, 625.
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
140
147
148
149
150
151
152
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases
Deaths-
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths.
12, 840
2
143
15
17
117
11, 657
8
153
16
12
3
25
21
48
118
11
7
5
2
134
1
1
11, 935
8
129
5
6
7
26
16
27
113
14, 482
6
OOQ
193
12, 491
3
125
9
6
3
29
14
36
102
4
7
3
5
172
1
16,541
4
95
8
5
1
«-O
17
22
138
24
94
22,439
8
91
9
15
1
43
26
90
213
30
18
1
4
112
233, 380
176
1,391
220
187
39
449
389
1,230
2,250
3 378
9
4
14
27
13
14
6
10
7
7
2
24
13
35
128
o
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
4
1
3
1
37
29
75
170
8
11
6
1
1
1
1
88
10
7
6
1
1
4
21
7
6
2
4
3
9
3
1
1
3
7
8
3
4
150
103
45
49
4
47
334
125
87
44
39
38
79
95
10
47
41
34
1,657
2,991
275
577
769
385
1,166
32
5
1
1
1
5
2
2
3
11
4
7
6
3
1
1
6
1
4
4
6
29
9
12
3
3
7
13
19
3
19
14
6
3
1
4
1
29
2
17
3
3
3
7
3
5
4
2
8
52
2
3
4
2
8
13
2
2
11
3
0
1
3
2
1
1
6
1
5
4
4
1
128
211
21
49
27
25
83
4
5
4
1
1
2
29
112
246
27
32
149
34
147
6
1
1
93
161
36
52
1
71
112
15
23
1
73
169
5
38
68
28
85
78
154
10
91
178
17
30
100
29
4
66
24
90
3
70
43
66
1
72
22
84
1
1
1
2
1
5
39
112
1
2
1
2
5
1
3
1
5
3
o
143
8
12
1
84
48
12
13
10
7
134
3
18
3
52
59
16
16
1
157
114
5
10
6
188
32
31
7
3
43
114
9
10
100
3
12
141
3
12
8
1, 622
32
130
5
15
2
1,461
51
15
1,377
63
171
32
6,269
502
215
152
105
318
1
10
1
17
1
45
1
132
5
481
24
16
122
47
13
12
50]
53
11
10
3
10
11
1
36
14
18
3
o
1
33
8
1
13
22
34
4
10
1
2
1
2
1
6
1
2
7
3
1
2
1
1
1
14,350
151
13, 135
158
13, 176
143
15,806
218
14,045
203
19,391
156
25, 621
253
258, 138
4,078
396
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXIL
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAH
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
25, 763.
48, 059.
47, 384.
42, 686.
45, 507.
LIST OP DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
2ases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
3ases.
Deaths.
CLASS I.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OHDEK I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
83
9
238
11
124
4
412
38
78
4
246
20
54
8
48
o
10
9
55
18
183
15
168
10
487
1,330
1,040
56
7
1,174
3, 423
3,330
174
192
4,460
1,168
1,216
132
29
22
1
825
2,088
2,330
191
101
2,956
942
812
100
21
14
608
1,717
1,898
244
1
1
379
1, 411
1,158
139
34
1,853
446
294
60
23
3
5
1
49
1,683
355
207
37
14
12
4
10
4
1
79
27
81
20
8
19
5
43
6
7
75
2,228
586
476
64
16
11
3
66
25
7
2
4
o
78
5
6
TV
9
4
4
2
33
14
68
51
4
35
13
7
34
1
10
1
68
1
201
221
1
21
6
1
' P
207
100
199
1
130
188
305
20
8
21
162
193
239
17
1
19
2
1
29
3
4
6
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22 Syphilis
62
I
76
5
4
6
20
8
12
15
3
20
1
223
1
45
7
4
2
1
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29 Scurvy
75
2
12
1
270
9
3
3
2
1
8
20
9
3
1
1
4
95
100
53
3
2
164
172
2
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
1
190
136
79
36. Acute Rheumatism
004
004
37. Chronic Rheumatism
147
48
163
47
38. Anaemia
2
154
5
1
39. General Dropsy
40. Cancer
13
1
3
36
14
4
5
18
27
°1
4
2
17
2
1
13
41. Tumors
42. Other Diseases of this Order
2
4
1
1
12
19
5
2
4
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
15
19
3
4
44. Scrofula
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch
7
6
10
2
4
31
47. Tape-worm
1
48. Other Intestinal Worms
o
<3
1
49. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward ±.
6,302
67
17, 274
354
12, 186
139
9 23'
143
7,224
133
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.
397
TABLE LXIL
of the Department of the Gulf.
1863.
3804.
DECEMUER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
47, 049.
47, 253.
52, 278.
48, 999.
51, 300.
54, 797.
53, 287.
47, 035.
l
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
10
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
A.O
29
30
31
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
40
47
48
49
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
21
8
20
5
21
1
19
1
86
3
37
4
63
15
1
4
63
5
90
24
115
22
137
40
2
14
683
51
1,858
189
3
155
85
4
83
5
07
3
7
11
303
1,076
995
117
17
1,526
369
275
36
17
20
8
2
298
82 L
1,155
136
14
3G2
240
40
27
53
1
1
288
1, 095
1 440
322
1 151
2
462
1, 239
2
678
1, 232
1 505
4
2
809
1,682
1,521
144
39
4,696
711
819
128
52
13
18
9
1
1
6,633
18, 265
19, 627
1,898
576
31, 812
6,300
6,369
793
342
238
709
229
4-18
912
988
2,555
2 933
67
11
2
1,648
1, 547
160
16
3,014
265
526
44
34
28
132
183
7
1,295
295
280
31
23
59
110
1
12
72
193
15
2,040
161
17
4,849
530
665
58
30
95
6
5
57
o
10 ;
i
2
2
3
3
1
19
5
4
6
12
15
8
1
1
1
1
9
8
23
10
17
1
1
154
68
451
99
72
8
5
1
34
10
8
1
5
15
1
1
271
553
39
35
322
10
3
2
1
4
2
7
1
1
1
21
3
1
0
134
137
6
10
67
80
23
15
105
86
9
281
14
29
15
4
271
10
ooo
143
12
351
59
68
272
250
. 35
309
177
205
30
3
7
1
2
2
288
1
280
32
6
4
300
17
8
21
207
279
309
37
12
31
4
9
32
4
12
21>1
6
13
L
8
128
3
7
11
1
1
1
264
67
166
7
37
938
36
88
94
8
23
2,574
1, 456
692
oo
1
23
3
17
2
14
3
35
1
4
3
1
2
1
249
77
79
17
44
3
10
12
3
6
2
°74
35
1
1
4
1
6
2
4
9
7
6
6
10
7
22
1
1
1
1
2
3
5
1
196
132
21
279
211
204
139
27
104
11
104
81
56
101
94
1
2
11
6
1
2
12
6
1
0
28
60
2-15
170
800
18
50
2
6
14
10
5
4
6
24
31
1
5
1
16
15
5
26
13
1
1
4
17
15
7
37
4
2
22
19
o
4
3
1
59
1
11
39
50
1
0
GO
1
007
161
137
9
6
1
2
1
3
4
0,007 j 101
5,890
78
6,653
34
8, 152
40
9,038
fil
11, 724
90
12, 383
152
112, 127
1,392
398
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXIL— DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF— Continued.
YKAIi
1803.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
25, 763.
48, 059.
47, 384.
42, 686.
45, 507.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
hi forward
6,302
6
5
140
2
o
67
o
17, 274
1
11
160
5
6
]
354
12, 186
139
9,234
1
6
81
143
7,224
133
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Diseases of JTervous System.
10
119
4
5
1
1
13
84
14
11
18
8
3
84
5
25
4
17
41
o
1
1
•u' T fl ^ f f B in
4
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
11
63
6
1
1
40
3
49
23
11
97
7
38
6
6
1
98
9
32
2
85
7
2
33
1
4 ke
2
o
1
1
3
5
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
1
34
3
78
6
4
3
1
96
3
11
5
27
3
1
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
6
5
8
35
16
1
7
72
7
4
8
38
4
3
5
29
3
1
7
26
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
12
1
5
10
1
2
1
10
1
4
4
1
8
1
1
1
2
o
1
2
1
1
3
38
13
1
22
134
59
5
1
o
6
45
15
2
16
107
39
1
7
13
31
24
2
23
13
1
7
87
23
22
11
19
6
82. Other Diseases of this Order
1
2
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma
13
134
15
13
177
15
84. Acute Bronchitis
1
1
1
86. Dropsy of Chest
1
3
9
34
33
5
20
1
5
4
12
3
21
89. Inflammation of Lungs ...
13
17
1
1
39
30
8
4
124
146
27
2
28
46
1
1
28'
30
5
4
•I OQ
1
1
90. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Haemorrhage from Lungs
10
11
197
214
75
1
1
1
92. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
104
142
53
116
95
98
15
95. Cholera Morbus .
3
33
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
1
7
24
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
19
35
57
80
1
25
o
98. Dyspepsia
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
15
4
7
61
o
5
10
60
1
3
101. Fistula in Ano
3
42
6
40
2
5
40
102. Hernia
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
7,312
80
18, 900
371
13, 482
149
10, 206
151
8,201
143
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
399
TABLE LXIL— DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF— Continued.
18(>3.
18(>4.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
47, 049.
47, 253.
52,278.
48, 999.
51, 360.
54, 797.
53, 287.
47, 035.
50-
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
01
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
83
84
85
86
87
88
83
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
6,067
1
10
51
4
1
101
5,890
3
14
59
3
o
1
1
11
72
78
3
6,653
1
21
59
4
34
1
1
8,152
o
16
87
5
2
40
1
9,038
4
61
1
11, 724
o
20
158
4
8
1
1
7
139
9
38
1
5
2
256
4
21
5
90
12, 383
3
10
2JO
8
4
1
o
14
113
7
29
31
1
152
1
1
112, 127
24
152
1,255
1, 392
9
3
90
o
43
31
7
11
91
1,015
1
14
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
2
3
80
5
1
5
75
7
1
1
o
3
75
5
4
1
1
10
92
1
3
9
1
4
3
2
116
4
12
6
4
1
1
2
83
173
124
47
17
1,599
C2
207
6
8
5
1
1
3
5
1
151
7
1
88
1
11
7
5
o
181
7
14
3
199
9
12
5
218
10
4
16
1
1
39
8
2
3
29
6
2
17
18
1
13
4
4
2
15
4
2
10
38
1
9
9
4
8
2G
13
7
8
29
7
1
20
38
1
10
87
34
116
409
3
114
15
5
2f>
6
17
286
101
14
202
31
1
2
1
16
2
8
1
1
17
1
1
1
1
8
2
1
5
1
1
2
1
19
10
1
20
175
1
1
6
o
1
4
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
20
4
o
14
279
13
3
5
20
67
36
3
18
87
105
31
1
11
27
2
28
7
2
21
12
4
32
13
5
o
15
6
1
21
281
7
2
20
191
12
1
1
5
17
314
21
18
171
19
1
234
2, 284
279
8
35
173
677
36!)
79
159
1,463
2,019
407
7
1S1
517
o
3
1
1
1
1
30
9
2
1
13
78
43
10
1
183
289
1
20
92
40
13
41
59
97
10
2
14
101
34
8
8
63
178
5
1
7
33
4
14
91
26
5
4
13
56
25
1
6
1
19
47
31
1
27
1
6
o
48
3
1
10
4
1
5
8
4
9
1
25
1
87
1G1
12
0
3
34
101
191
33
214
303
67
2
46
4
9
1
4
1
10
28
3
47
1
1
39
23
99
2
7
31
7
8
40
2
9
4°
0
9
1
°6
9
6
3
47
61
71
520
7
4
36
8
55
'
7,173
118
7,114
95
7,969
43
9,461
50
10, 296
77
13, 484
104
14, 262
172
127,860 ! 1,553
400
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXIL— DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF— Concluded.
YEAH
1863.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
25, 763.
48, 059.
47, 384.
42, 686.
45, 507.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
7,312
21
28
o
80
1
18, 900
14
45
20
371
2
13, 482
11
45
27
J9
11
41
32
82
160
12
149
1
1
2
10, 206
4
30
6
12
1
6
11
52
126
151
8,201
9
42
6
8
1
26
17
59
107
4
3
343
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
1
1
8
1
20
4
47
3
1
4
4
107. luilamma ion o \
32
7
132
117
6
6
2
4
8
5
12
4
5
4
6
1
10 J. Acu e n ami f T • r
2
1
1
112
166
10
4
3
5
1
6
22
16
17
7
4
6
1
4
2
2
2
1
6
1
3
19
3
15
3
5
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
4
3
2
1
2
31
10
20
115 Diabetes
5
18
5
10
2
4
1
5
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
5
125 Caries
4
7
2
2
1
1
118
192
20
36
28
9
45
1
13
2
1
1
1
71
154
7
18
39
74
82
5
7
2
1
1
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
99
248
1G4
394
19
48
34
15
47
54
185
1
132. Boils
133. Carbuncle
5
19
20
14
25
1
134. Whitlow
22
14
29
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
8
17
2
11
137. Contusions
138. Concussion of Brain
1
1
3
139. Drowning
1
4
4
4
140. Sprains
27
56
4
o
50
1
3
o
80
20
55
61
4
14
4
102
18
7
8
5
6
141. Dislocation
1
1
3
7
1
38
15
142. Simple Fractures
143. Compound Fractures
1
5
144. Gunshot "Wounds
119
. 7
11
72
18
14
8
11
3
3
7
14
145. Incised Wounds
146. Lacerated Wounds
5
6
4
3
1
5
12
10
12
4
18
2
147. Punctured Wounds
148. Poisoning
1
5
1
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
150. ORDER II.— Homicide
151. ORDEK III. — Suicide
152. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence
Total
8,321
99
20, 379
392
14, 645
170
11, 024
169
9,286
179
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
401
TABLE LXIL— DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF— Concluded.
1803.
1804.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUKE.
TOTAL.
47, 049.
47, 253.
52, 278.
48, 999.
51, SCO.
54, 797.
53, 287.
47, C35.
104
105
106
107
108
100
no
in
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
321
123
124
123
120
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
7, 173
118
7,114
4
78
12
6
1
17
11
23
109
6
3
o
95
7,909
43
9,461
1
50
10, 296
1
49
8
11
1
77
13, 484
9
69
25
13
5
31
17
74
17°
104
14, 262
C
64
21
14
o
25
172
1
127, 860
80
673
161
139
31
287
169
822
1,619
113
46
12
35
14
81
214
72
129
38
34
15
19
89
13
29
16
14
1,117
2, 515
171
394
455
209
932
14
1,553
5
7
19
7
5
4
3
47
8
13
3
10
13
37
124
9
1
101
15
4
1
17
13
22
108
6
4
2
2
11
11
1
14
4
29
1
o
o
1
o
1
1
1
1
2
35
15
165
1
1
12(i
125
176
15
12
2
11
1
1
2
20
1°
4
3
3
1
2
2
o
1
4
I
9
17
8
12
1
3
1
9
15
4
11
2
1
1
7
10
12
:
4
8
10
0
11
18
7
9
3
1
10
21
3
19
4
6
1
6
9
3
4
1
7
1
3
2
4
1
1
i
3
1
2
1
1
C
1
1
0
7
20
5
1
11
4
3
1
1
139
2] 3
6
1
1
3
1
51
170
14
25
41
7
82
1
3
1
1
89
148
22
33
34
9
67
2
1
4
o
6
7°
2
1
106
271
15
45
57
C3
108
91
1
140
8
27
202
12
40
36
14
121
20
15
1
36
32
42
50
13
93
11
113
o
16
97
1
19
11
2
2
63
1
]
1
3
119
1
1
2
24
3
13
75
7
4
84
7
4
117
o
116
4
7
o
43
36
13
14
'11
114
8
8
2
228
<)
76
922
61
76
12
1,810
276
179
128
m
114
8
7
i;
24
31
18
11
8
1
4
141
1
3
1
10
3
14
25
24
5
8
8
5
21
"4
4
3
1
967
44
08
39
48
3
33
13
15
1
6
3
8
2(>
°6
23
12
1
OG
4
1
8
]
1
19
7
21
1
2
1
1
1
1
o
8,089
132
8,073
110
9,027
52
10, 467
84
12, 301
127
14, 977
153
15, 731
195
142,320 : 1,862
51
402
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OP WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXIII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAU
1863.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEI-TEMUER.
OCTOliEE.
NOVEMBER.
8, 808.
7, 756.
6, 080.
4, 030.
6, 152.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
11
3
43
1
53
o
10
8
1
39
1
2
1
23
1
4
5
o ,JP' r
5
1
8
2
1
' ^ ° V
72
107
O"7
53
54
40
81
23
13
1
179
10
82
1
53
£8
44
44
1
13
1
49
29
1
5
1
129
1
724
390
143
27
14
47
2G5
9
7
5
8
10
84
7
7
33
12 Acute D -sonter >
]
34
3
4
1
I
5
3
5
1
is' S 11 d V ' 1 id
1
16 Measles
18 Diphtheria
3
31
28
10
18
70
11
1
50
1
1
1
1
14
2
G
11
11
Cl
2
1
27
3
2
25
1
2
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22 Syphilis
o
5
41
1
16
2
30
1
24 Orchitis
11
3
1
4
27. Serpent Bito
ORDEH III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
4
3
3
10
6
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens
o
1
1
o
32. Inebriation
7
1
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
13
20
13
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
OKUER I.—Viattietic Diseases.
35. Gout
36. Acute Rheumatism
62
88
6
52
33
30
4
46
31
4
37. Chronic Rheumatism
41
10
23
38. Anaemia
1
1
39. General Dropsy
40. Cancer
41. Tumors
1
42. Other Diseases of this Order
4
4
7
1
1
1
3
8
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
1
5
1
12
16
3
2
10
15
44. Scrofula
45. Other Diseases of this Order. . .
9
4
1
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch
°9
47. Tape-worm
48. Other Intestinal Worms
49. Other Diseases of this Order
i i
Carried forward
i i
1,747
7
891
4
040
11
545
4
587
8
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
403
TABLE LXIII.
of the Department of the Northwest.
18(53.
18(34.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUXB.
TOTAL.
5, 242.
C, 700.
5, 791.
5,118.
6, 350.
4, 626.
5, 104.
5, 981.
1
3
4
5
r,
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
24
25
26
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
8
4
1
8
5
2
11
4
4
3
5
1
208
5
42
28
1
5
2
1
2
1
21
4
6
Hi
23
13
13
15
9
35
38 G
491
2
22
3°
3G
19
44
15
1
29
6
1
25
254
5
1
46
18
12
29
3
2 008
1
52
8
14
3
4
34
8
4
41
1
37
1
7
1
11
34
13
1
3
58
17S
4
1
o
5
10
3
14
26
10
177
558
34
77
05
4G
1
41
242
008
45
81
322
30
2
4
2
1
0
13
1
j
o
1
9
7
2
7
2
1
6
o
5
5
13
1
8
1
1
1
5
4
65
2
17
2
2
48
128
3
o
7
10
13
3
15
1
32
CG
23
17
33
3
20
78
16
3
24
83
4
8
18
3
1
3
10
1
4
14
2
31
2
1
2
o
0
1
7
206
1
3
6
0
15
42
20
50
44
o
3
1
4
1
1
4
1
19
12
o
•17
465
1
1
1
1
1
23
19
07
23
23
33
50
38
39
36
G4
19
1
24
4
16
1
1
398
33
1
1
1
g
1
1
19
37
10
34
2
2
2
2
2
1
4
1
I
3
o
G
8
1
3
1
1
9
11
21
15
10
1(3
11
108
1
1
1
287
1
378
2
412
o
36'J
7
520
18
411 [ <1
537
3
7, :V21
71
404
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXIIL— DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST— Continued.
18(53
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEL-TEMBER.
OCTOHEU.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
8, 808.
7, 75C.
6, 086.
4, 030.
6, 152.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1,747
I
19
97
7
891
4*
640
11
545
4
587
8
CLASS IV. -LOCAL DISEASES.
OUDER I.— Diseases of jVereous System.
50. Apoplexy
8
34
1
1
1
38
4
38
1
1
3
15
51. Epilepsy...
53. Insanity
1
C
1
3
1
1
17
9
8
1
9
1
2
3
1
7
5
3
5
1
1
2
1
1
1
OUUEK II. — Diseases of Eye,
1
1
36
1
23
145
3
102
48
1
j
1
o
1
ORDER III.— Diseases of Ear.
g
3
10
19
1
n
3
'„ '
o
1
1
3
5
-•>' •>, . of this Order
3
OltDEU IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
7 vT*1? TV
o
0
3
1
0
•"' D'' % af om Heart Dise-ise
1
1
<j. roi s\^
~7 1 ^^ °fon of Pericardium
3
6
o
3
1
0
1
1
1
1
4
19
17
OUUEK V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83 Asthma
2
39
28
1
27
21
3
71
9
13
86. Dropsy of Chest
87. Haemorrhage from Nose
G
3
4
16
3
1
20
11
50
1
88. Inflammation of Larynx
1
7
o
1
89. Inflain mation of Lungs
13
6
4
1
8
1
1
o
15
8
3
47
11
36
o
90. Inflammation of Pleura
1
91. lltcrnorrhage from Lun^s
92. Other Diseases of this Order
0
1
OHDEH VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93 Colic
25
11
91
5
204
59
13
4
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
!
35
oo
9
14
26
101. Fiutula in Ano
o
102 Hernia
19
3
6
7
5
10'.}. Iltemorrhiige from Stomach
i 2,490
8
1, 260
7
870
13
816
9
925
10
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1804.
405
TABLE LXIIL— DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST— Continued.
1B(>3.
1864.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCII.
APRIL.
MAY. JUNE. TOTAL.
5, 242.
C, 706.
5,791.
5, 118.
(i, 350.
4, 026.
5, 104. 5, 981.
50
51
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
CO
61
62
63
64
65
60
67
<;>
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
65
80
.^
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
90
97
98
99
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
287
1
378
o
1
412
2
3C6
7
520
18
411
4
537
3
7,321
1
51
314
10
1
7
8
13
109
14
7
17
6
3
555
5
5
10
71
1
1
4
5
1
2
12
5
15
1
3
°7
1
3
1
18
12
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
!
I
1
1
1
4
o
1
i
1
9
3
8
7
13
14
8
1
6
o
1
1
4
o
1
15
28
25
16
16
1
34
67
3
1
1
1
4
!
1
1
1
3
o
2
3
22
4
24
43
1
3
4
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
2
i
3
2
0
23
3
1
o
1
1
1
i
1
0
o
0
o
3
3
2
3
31
7
21
1
1
1
50
12
1
1
1
1
1
40
14
1
18
9
20
|
1
1
1
50
14
45
3
20
9
18
°4
1
425
187
1
10
48
235
94
15
250
109
677
29
6
24
11
3
49
19
1
6
19
7
1
18
8
48
g
8
41
13
1
54
11
55
1
6
13
11
1
23
1
37
1
5
17
8
2
54
3
3
13
70
4
1
34
3° -
1
o
11
27
21
15
1
1
1
1
1
1
167
1
1
13
1
8
7
13
3
9
8
100
101
102
103
! i
1
1
3
3
58
1
4
i
3
3
4
4
6
514 2
625
10
671
3
545
10
855
78
613
8
775
5
10,959
103
406
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXIIL— DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST— Concluded.
YEAtt
1<S03.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
8, 808.
7, 756.
6, 086.
4, 030.
C, 152.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
8
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
2,490
2
2G
3
6
1,260
7
870
13
816
1
9
925
10
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
11
5
6
2
71
1
4
7. n .inirna ion o o\\
2
6
11
21
1
4
o
1
1
3
1
13
3
1
14
13
110. Chrome n amma
o
13
7
10
5
34
o
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
2
2
r P
D of Test! '
3
5
1
5
1
o
1
11
" " "'' . J
1
3
.
2
1
1
2
1
1
T"J
2
o
1
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
1
10- f • 3
.
1
4
ti
1°8 lull' it -iti n f P rio touin
1
lof) Necrosis
130 Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
11
26
13
10
o
6
11
11
9
2
2
9
5
16
1
132. Boils
7
133 Curb uncle
134. Whitlovr
12
10
2
1°
g
3
9
8
2
12
1
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns.
18
34
133. Concussion of Brain
139. Drowning.
1
140. Sprains
22
7
6
7
1
3
8
1
141. Dislocation .. ..
o
142. Simple Fractures
5
0
143. Compound Fractures
144. Gunshot Wounds
20
r
2
11
7
4
4
13
11
1
35
3
1
4
5
6
2
4
1
5
9
2
145. Incised Wounds
14G. Lacerated Wounds
1
147. Punctured Wounds
3
10
11
148. Poisoning
2
8.
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
1
7
150. ORDER II.— Homicide
151. ORDER III. — Suicide
1
152. ORDER IV.— Execution of Sentence
Total
1,013
2,778
11
1,451
10
18
949
12
1,124
10
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.
407
TABLE LXIII.— DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST— Concluded.
1803.
1804.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
Fi:iiRfARY. MARCH.
ATKIL. MAY. Jrxic.
TOTAL.
5, 242.
G, 706.
5, 791.
5, 118.
6, 350.
4, 62G.
5, 104.
5,181.
104
105
10G
107
108
109
110
111
312
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
1 «>O
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
13C
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
140
147
148
149
150
151
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths
Cases Deaths.
Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
514
2
625
10
671
3
545 10
855
1
35
o
1
3
4
1
3
2
78
613
8
775
5
10, 959
4
333
57
14
9
20
1C3
30
4
34
1
°9
°8
14
2
28
8
1
5
2
0
1
1
1
o
18
1
1
0
o
1
1
1
1
3
5
11
15
1
1
1
1
1
\
6
9
1
1
5
7
3
1
1
8
2
1
09
94
115
13
1
5
4
8
\
1
1
0
3
2
2
16
29
3
11
6
10
1
3
17
1
3
1
2
84
126
5
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
r,
o
1
1
2
2
3
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
5
1
3
7
2
11
12
1
3
1
o
10
4
8
11
2
1
2
o
7
15
1
7
11
4
18
1
5
12
40
92
29
4
9
4
o
3
24
3
18
3
4
10
1
12
i
o
14
182
5
1
1
13
2
2
4
3
14
8
1
17
1
1°
12
1
3
3
6
4
130
15
20
1
3
0
,,
0
103
71
24
17
4
11
] j
1
6
1
I
2
6
9
7
1
1
6
3
12
2
2
1
1
1
4
1
2
1G
2
36
5
1
1
1
1
98
4
1
o
ii
681 5
778
11
803
3
C54
14
• 989
81
742
9
941
6 | 12,903
190
408
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXIV.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEl'TEMISER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
27, 144.
24, 475.
24, 134.
25, 388.
23, 429.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OKDEK I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
17
1
16
1
19
12
36
5
*.3
5
40
1
o
9
1
6
9
6
1
282
390
328
41
11
1,512
170
300
26
40
15
7
5
312
473
438
56
7
646
148
78
17
1
1
2
350
6G9
2
258
429
1
332
445
1
'
5GO
359
430
123
70
633
104
273
50
30
3
46
45
532
107
222
76
24
2
8. Quartan Intern) itte
2
1
3
5
3
o
1
5
2
3
1
35
449
80
100
40
26
3
' .""^V^.0 h
4
2
5
4
1
7
1
S J- I/ i • d V'irioloid
o
1
3
1
1
' MUa, \
2
32
77
19
63
128
1
8
16
24
3
10
31
9
83
192
9
5
186
2
1
641
OllDEK 11. — Enthetic Diseases.
22 Syphilis
80
139
7
82
56
245
210
10
1
4G
7
3
1
37
6
26 Purulent Ophthalmia
8
2
1
43
12
31
27. Serpent Bite
1
2
5
7
2
2
7
1
2
1
6
OliDEU III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
9
31. Delirium Tremens
7
7
5
10
1
7
3
32. Inebriation
1
33. Chronic Alcoholism
1
4
5
1
10
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
OHDEII l.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
36. A cute Rheumatism
80
58
78
40
48
60
43
70
54
145
37. Chronic Rheumatism
51
°9
38. Anaemia
26
28
39. General Dropsy
40. Cancer
1
1
1
0
41. Tumors
1
42. Other Diseases of this Order
5
11
4
OliDEU II. — Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
o
7
21
2
6
16
21
23
2
44. Scrofula
8
45. Other Diseases of this Order
1
82
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch
65
28
45
28
47. Tape-worm
1
1
48. Other Intestinal Worms
"
49. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
i
22
3,861
24
2,926
27
3,483
2,901
13
3, 495
25
DUItlXG THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18C4.
409
TABLE LXIV.
of the Department of the Missouri.
1803. 18G4.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY. FEBRUARY.
MAUCU.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
23, 138.
22, 762.
22, 801.
34, 573.
28, 706.
17, 606.
19, 470.
24, 469.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
o
3
4
O
c
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
3(5
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
4U
55
2
54
2
5
10
1
21
6
46
24
3
5
25
1
21
8
17
1
9
7
16
5
369
30
127
75
1
8
49
2
]
3
1
125
317
367
71
35
424
67
80
17
51
32
155
124
226
1
115
205
148
58
8
275
153
391
261
19
302
201
388
445
130
215
2
250
183
226
9
7
637
274
17
35
7
181
1
U, 632
4,331
3,985
680
246
6,640
1,171
2,007
439
515
454
1,446
11
52
1,041
3,065
162
1,069
2,033
14
213
108
5
384
89
87
29
47
96
301
5
10
225
1E8
37
11
361
44
136
25
1
1
42
2
3
1
29
395
a
4
1
2
4
4
1
21
4
44
18
16
5
24
66
1
1
2
o
80
65
17
42
38
132
1
6
101
249
3
58
115
9
o
2
98
90
19
65
3
1
72
152
45
3
5
3
1
1
1
3
8
1
95
143
343
4
3
18
43
37
96
2
4
54
171
18
48
74
7
1
12
1
2
13
1
5
4
6
77
227
1
7
192
3
5
16
8
265
1
114
516
11
92
182
11
558
3
60
158
13
o
333
1
109
230
250
45
37
20
124
157
8
2
16
214
203
1
1
f.
10
8
1
28
99
10
267
3
103
147
9
62
48
40
5
*.o
25
10
14
1
2
C
1
3
1
e
2
1
39
8
23
8
15
4
18
21
4
7
1
5
3
3
4
5
2
6
4
1
9
7
3
7
1
1
1
5
1
3
4
2
1
1
1
135
66
11
114
77
31
91
56
18
129
122
69
29
1
73
51
80
65
29
1
1,139
733
347
1
1
1
1
95
18
15
1
1
1
4
10
34
„
1
1
6
11
9
1
2
6
9
6
7
12
62
124
183
3
1,334
6
5
1
2
6
14
33
1
3
8
10
3
3
16
9
2
9
10
1
3
3
16
3
1
3
2
146
123
237
26°
134
1
86
1
1
1
98
1
1
3, 232
18
3, 247
30
2,241
27
3,360
i
20
3,841
46
2,052
44
2,615
38
37, 254
334
52
410
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE LXIV.— DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI— Continued.
VRAii
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOUEU.
XOVEMBEll.
MEAN STRENGTH
27, 144.
24, 475.
24, 134.
25, 388.
23, 42:).
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
3,861
1
8
90
1
24
2,926
1
4
50
o
07
«v t
3,483
22
2,901
13
3,495
.
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
OUDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
6
30
o
4
20
5
36
1
1
1
1
1
1
9
3
50
3
3
1
1
5
38
14
43
6
64
2
36
1
7
5
6
6
1
1
0
3
OKDEU 11. — Diseases of Eye.
1
1
187
13
1
1
1
199
194
1
1
228
13
192
G"' InflimmatioD of Ins
7
1
9
1
8
OUDEII III. — Diseases of Ear.
9
2
1
3
4
3
7
22
70 Deafness
3
21
7
19
9
8
3
7
7° Oth r Di e of this Order
OKDEU IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
3
5
3
4
5
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
3
1
0
2
4
3
1
1
•5
95
o
82 Other Diseases of this Order
OIIDEU V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma
7
49
39
4
1
6
59
12
8
243
32
4
346
46
84. Acute Bronchitis
85. Chronic Bronchitis ..
1
66. Dropsy of Chest
o
87. Hsemorrhage from Nose .. .
!
1
oo
6
38
203
38
11
72
34
68. Inflammation of Larynx
9
30
28
5
16
11
66
13
4
4
40
118
27
89. Inflammation of Lungs
1
1
32
16
1
4
31
101
19
1
4
89
23
6
12
33
139
4
0
1
9
90. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Hsfimorrhape from Lunps
1
92. Other Diseases of this Order
2
OIIDEU VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
80
137
94. Constipation
155
95. Cholera Morbus
34
13
1
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
1
35
1
1
31
3
16
2
98. Dyspepsia
29
31
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
2
1
1
11
1
4
1
14
2
3
3
18
1
101. Fistula in Ano
102. Hernia
20
1
11
1
103. Haomorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
4,804
31
3,633
30
4,273
27
3,843
21
4,894
37
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.
411
TABLE LXIV.— DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI— Continued.
1WU3.
18(>4.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MAHCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
23, 138.
22,762.
20, 801.
34, 573.
28, 706.
17, 606.
19, 470.
24, 469.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
83
90
9]
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
3,232
18
3,247
6
7
31
1
2
4
30
2, 241
1
11
37
O'?
3,360
20
3,841
1
21
46
2,052
44
2,615
38
37,254
12
78
465
13
1C
9
20
40
735
22
17
52
11
2,445
74
6
69
334
6
13
1
4
1
1
3
41
5
49
1
1
1
1
2
4
5
96
2
4
1
2
1
1
2
6
9
1
1
1
4
o
1
2
90
1
1
1
65
1
1
9
1
1
164
9
4
57
1
41
80
75
3
3
7
1
1
2
6
3
o
3
1
2
165
2
o
9
o
5
1
1
227
2
5
2
232
2
244
6
2
7
1
231
4
182
7
9
o
2
o
7
3
1
31
20
2
1
20
13
1
5
1
5
1
9
17
3
1
20
28
3
0
3
56
8
106
193
4
20
10
18
6
15
8
5
49
7
15
3
1
53
27
5
59
o 32i
579
]0
°0
4
3
4
5
4
1
1
3
2
1
4
4
4
1
1
2
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
4
1
8
296
5!)
i
51
2] 9
46
8
31
29
112
3
8
2
11
4
2
7
268
• 52
5
0
3
5
1
2
6
2
5
1
6
301
92
5
3
75
17
1
1
283
112
1
242
73
1
o
1
64
So
4
2
27
308
56
3
1
6
46
256
47
2
9
56
37
4
7
33
335
4
1
49
192
104
3
12
14
34
22
4
2
20
285
303
1,692
474
54
251
408
1,917
130
7
]9
321
14
15
1
207
44
3
24
11
1?2
13
15
3
29
2
8
1
8
118
9
1
3
30
27
1
37
32
38
192
226
195
1
4
3
33
8
3
1
11
1
3
11
o
0
1
30
°9
38
17
21
1
1
14
1
3
8
3
2
o
3
22
17
162
4
4
13
2
11
9
1
12
21
1
4, 503
37
4,696
4!)
3,418
43
4,873
44
5,261
85
2,871
54
3,588
48
50, 657
50fi
412
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXIV.— DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI— Concluded.
YEAK
1863.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
27, 144.
24, 475.
24, 134.
25, 388.
23, 429.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
27
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
rd
4,804
1
18
6
1
31
3,633
30
4,273
3,843
21
4,894
37
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
34
19
4
4
1
4
36
48
I
1
29
3
3
56
4
8
3
I
2
2
5
1
27
2
11
13
6
6
27
12
13
31
50
9
10J. Acute u amm ion o \
I
o
110. Chrome n arama
9
G5
79
38
29
5
4
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
2
1
18
1
1
2
1
o
3
6
3
3
24
2
12
o
17
1
1
7
3
1
4
122 Hydrocele . . . .. ...
1
123 Other Diseases of this Order
2
1
I
4
1
1
I
5
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
1
I
3
2
1
2
I
127. Inflammation of Bones
1
3
1
0
4
o
130. Other Diseases of this Order.
6
33
114
3
7
10
2
53
o
1
48
65
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System,
131. Abscess
32
29
34
64
7
9
13
20
60
o
132. Boils
115
6
9
16
9
52
86
3
11
14
7
47
1
133. Carbuncle
16
6
49
10
60
134. Whitlow ...
135. Skin Diseases
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
137. Contusions
138. Concussion of Brain
4
0
133. Drowning
140. Sprains
57
4
6
0
50
5
10
7
5
2
37
o
°3
03
51
141. Dislocation
4
11
1
50
8
16
9
4
9
3
142. Simple Fractures
11
,1
30
13
6
7
3
3
3
143. Compound Fractures
1
4
1
6
1
3
144. Gunshot Wounds
5;i
15
4
7
1
42
18
oo
4
145. Incised Wounds
146. Lacerated Woundi
2
147. Punctured Wounds
14
5
148. Poisoning
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
2
1
18
1
I
o
150. ORDBR II. — Homicide
2
1
151. ORDER III. — Suicide
2
152. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence
1
Total
5,349
42
4,105
44
4,798
34
4,372
35
5,574
42
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
413
TABLE LXIV.— DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI— Concluded.
1803. 18(>4.
DECEMUEK. JANUARY. FEBRUARY.
MAUCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
23, 138.
22, 702.
22, 801.
34, 573.
28, 706.
17, 006.
19, 470. 24, 409.
104
105
100
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
130
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
14f>
147
148
149
150
151
152
Cases.
Deaths. I Cases, j Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
4,503
37
, 4, C96
49
3,418
1
83
o
3
1
4
17
32
43
4,873
4
71
44
5,261
1
74
16
6
85
2,871
54
3,588
1
°9
48
50,057
8
030
76
62
8
158
141
380
498
U0
506
91
1
15
99
7
5
2
8
10
49
37
33
4
1
1
4
4
12
35
18
7
2
1
1
2
3
6
8
8
10
1
o
5
2
3
2
40
5
18
49
1
1
1
1
20
12
72
44
3
6
31
17
30
1
2
10
6
4
41
16
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
7
1
o
28
25
18
0
3
3
4
3
2
1
4
4
2
3
11
5
2
2
15
1
10
2
1
3
2
1
1
4
1
1
3
15
3
7
1
4
2
o
°8
1
10
1
4
138
21
1
1
1
1
1
5
3
4
1
2
19
12
14
14
14
36
1
19
10
8
475
957
3
o
2
1
4
o
1
1
1
7
2
1
1
o
6
1
1
4G
63
2
9
12
1
1
1
1
2
33
58
3
8
7
13
46
1
37
49
4
5
9
8
52
34
75
40
60
5
8
48
3
68
34
68
4
7
96
3
90
2
90
3
11
7
3
64
105
3
10
26
10
66
1
59
100
307
100
722
36
12
1
64
1
o
3
1
2
1
41
2
2
3
23
7
6
5
1
10
05
6
3
39
44
1
11
32
44
2
4
2
56
12
8
6
•13
499
3
5
2
47
16
5
38
73
14
439
ICG
113
69
14
184
5
1
21
19
3
2
31
9
12
1
7
0
5
0
52
1
1
1
5
4
o
o
o
3
20
1
o
21
24
6
5
: i
1
7
5
1
2
1
2
5
0
1
123
1
1
6
11
1
|
1
5, 007 44
5,400
53
3,892
46
5,459
52
5,888
101
3,387
66
4,181
56 j 57,472
015
414
SICKNESS AND MOKTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXV.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1863.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
21, 368.
24, 034.
27, 606.
28, 117.
MEAN feruE>iGTH
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDKU I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
50
9
57
8
27
7
15
o
5
G2
7
74
16
55
3
24
1
1,093
2,691
10
784
2,663
18
390
1,764
1,263
3
1, 284
926
o
1,341
1, 253
' er ia '
175
161
1 268
277
360
64
19
1
259
117
1, 057
328
357
48
36
3
256
45
1,231
267
39
1
5
5
2
25
8
16
900
236
303
8-1
32
1
8
8
*
17
21
12
1
281
418
58
16
14
1
8
10
10
' . °m° ' t ^ ,
* . ^ |
* ir . l° J J
' „ 3 J .
3
1
.
1
15
1
4
68
14
27
2
8
181
19
253
17
30
11
23
4
1
4
2
1
20
14
10
39
33
1
1
3
1
1
OEDEU II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22 Syphilis
86
8
4
18
2
1
7
73
7
3
12
24 Orchitis
ORDER III.— Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
3
10
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens
1
2
1
1
3
1
2
32. Inebriation
33. Chronic Alcoholism
1
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
36. Acute Rheumatism
68
3°
1
64
35
93
47
03
108
46
1
37. Chronic Rheumatism
38. Anaemia
39
o
125
74
1
39. General Dropsy
o
40. Cancer
1
3
2
1
i 1
41. Tumors
1
2
4
42. Other Diseases of this Order
6
3
6
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption ,
1
5
1
8
2
1
2
44. Scrofula
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch
10
4
18
41
2
47. Tape-worm
48. Other Intestinal Worms
"
o
49. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
7,866
1
83
7,381
119 6, 334
54
5, 171 55
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
415
TABLE LXV.
of the Department of Arkansas.
1863.
1804.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
30, G83.
30, 558.
28, 475.
22, 717.
28, 973.
33, 647.
34,934.
28, 283.
Cases.
Deaths, i Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases. Deaths.
1
3
4
«6
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
°7
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
11
<j
17
6
16
3
LI
2
24
3
16
9
18
2
15
3
30
9
65
1
86
1
22
321
34
402
73
15
1
1
2
6
22
4
2
37
1G3
860
887
163
12
83!)
204
243
54
44
5
10
3
12
238
22
57
112
8
1
20
1
185
8G1
689
158
9
642
2
133
764
656
207
1
195
602
205
686
961
158
38
742
90
362
34
42
20
178
412
593
1 022
2
4,380
14, 177
10, 762
2 140
37
2
i
980
995
1
777
146
12
475
1,014
214
137
11
2,030
183
773
68
73
90
209
7
2
8
502
o
4
3
1
3
4
3
1
4
3
1
4
5
8
19
3,049
345
821
76
89
16
212
10 i
3
1~ ,
14
2
10
16
448
12. 735
2,252
4,183
566
454
186
7D3
57
507
1,490
585
60b
1,006
113
17
159
105
7
103
69
47
13
20
42
12
135
190
32
32
13
14
14
o
1
1
1
81
148
24
32
15
53
4
1
92
208
24
3
1
11
39
9
115
2
3
1
2
5
11
4
59
319
16
34
103
17
5
69
327
61
28
14
80
161
14
39
117
17
3
117
75
16
77
50
132
52
5
63
40
222
1
45
44
152
1
1
1
114
113
8
o
66
9
1
20
128
13
2
21
20
18
17
1
192
167
8
o
15
2
104
150
1
3
2
1
9
326
1
33
2
2
0
3
4
1
32
57
64
545
13
19
9
7
2
1
1
1
1
1
4
!
5
1
1
1
1
175
79
55
138
67
43
135
121
152
73
9
166
87
26
194
76
1,414
629
572
o
6
14
go
1
4
41
2£
46
14
1
1
1
1
1
6
8
3
1
1
4
12
6
2
1
11
10
6
n
3
14
7
3
3
10
6
1
6
9
1
10
22
91
71
13
57
179
164
1
1
97
2
127
118
66
1
o
881
7
11
1
1
1
4,387
39
4, 058
29
3,667
16 3, 555
20
4,475
30
7,311
43
8,918
96
63, 123
584
416
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXV.— DEPARTMENT OF ARKANSAS— Continued.
YEAR
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
21, 3C8.
24, 034.
27, 606.
28, 117.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
7,866
1
8
68
1
0
1
3
83
1
7,381
119
1
6,334
2
9
27
54
1
5,171
o
4
64
1
3
55
1
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
3
44
1
1
3
1
0
2
2
1
2
47
1
3
7
76
1
1
o
88
69
1
20
8
1
3
7
75
31
3
oo
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
1
90
2
5
86
109
]
1
3
10
o
171
6
2
1
2
ORDEU III.— Diseases of Ear.
68 Earache
4
3
4
18
1
1
2
15
5
70 Deafness
3
5
71. Otorrhoea
72. Other Diseases of this Order
18
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
0
1
1
3
1
1
3
1
2
79. luflammation of Veins
80. Varicose Veins
9
1
6
f>
3
81. Varicocele
2
5
82. Other Diseases of this Order
1
ORDEH V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma
2
57
15
4
70
14
2
2
208
44
84. Acute Bronchitis
51
7
1
1
85. Chronic Bronchitis
1
86. Dropsy of Chest
87. Haemorrhage from Nose
3
3
18
20
4
2
57
140
39
1
1
0
88. Inflammation of Larynx
8
26
23
2
8
81
170
36
7
71
3G
15
89. Inflammation of Lungs
7
3
89
5
90. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Haemorrhage from Lungs
8
3
60
127
1
92. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
55
122
1
94. Constipation
95. Cholera Morbus
1
1
17
13
1
8
18
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
9
42
1
°8
11
34
1
98. Dyspepsia
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
1
3
11
7
1
13
1
5
101. Fistula in Ano
3
5
102. Hernia
18
3
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach .•
Carried forward
63
8,580
96
8,217
131
7,071
6,257
67
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
417
TABLE LXV.— DEPARTMENT OF ARKANSAS— Continued.
1803.
1804.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY. JI/XE. TOTAL.
30,683.
30, 558.
28, 475.
22, 717.
28, 973.
33, 047.
34, 934. 28, 283.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
8-2
83
84
85
80
87
88
89
9C
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
4,387
1
8
67
1
5
4
2
9
90
3
39
1
4,058
29
3,667
16
3, 555
0
20
4,475
1
5
68
1
1
1
30
1
7,311
1
7
110
3
43
8,918
1
8
335
1
o
3
96
63, 123
11
63
808
10
31
13
10
56
955
12
44
139
38
3
1 742
584
6
3
4
110
1
5
59
2
2
56
3
4
4
4
7
2
5
1
2
1
1
2
58
1
3
1
1
1
1
25
8
I
1
10
119
1
5
92
6
101
3
112
5
103
4
13
1
18
2
°48
1
1
3
4
1
1
2
1
1
178
3
1
7
4
164
1
171
4
144
5
2
I
150
6
10
2
231
7
8
1
1
9
38
44
20
4
7
1
10
77
"4
1
3
O7
1
3
5
2
4
13
5
11
9
6
1
8
14
13
4
16
9
22
4
10
3
1
19
77
163
1
24
1
1
9
3
5
63
34
3
51
31
2
1
4
3
6
1
3
1
1
1
5
1
1
I
1
1
3
2
3
5
9
3
3
2
5
2
13
4
7
5
1
5
1°4
J|
2
3
°02
1
2
6
280
25
12
6
238
34
7
179
19
1
2
12
4
ooo
I
1
305
38
1, 936
280
j
193
3
2
25
25
34
3
10
20
1
11
21
88
62
5
o
18
15G
57
5
3
37
103
43
6
7
29
131
7
5
18
109
47
6
31
40
10°
I
1
34
200
100
4
32
44
142
12
10
15
2
6
10
8
140
40
5
1
55
21
15
1
1
48
50
25
1
116
271
^O
3
1,048
533
72
85
676
1,658
95
11
o
3
1
2
1
48
126
4
91
206
37
121
10
217
4
62
276
89
15
1P3
1
1
1
7
16
4
°7
3
"
4
24
1
10
8
27
16
43
6
o
29
15
o
6
8
1
05
1
2
26
1
3
15
...
13
00
19
1
6
5,586
59 5,542
II
53 4, 737
32
4, 525
45
5,520
54
8,707
60
10,359
103
75, 101
763
53
418
TABLE LXV.— DEPARTMENT OF ARKANSAS— Concluded.
YEAK
1803.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
21, 368.
24, 034.
27, 606.
28, 117.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases, i Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
8,580
3
11
3
10
96
8,217
3
10
10
10
3
12
5
76
85
131
7,071
1
11
6
7
63
6, 257
1
51
3
7
1
18
10
48
71
67
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
i
1
3
3
4
j
1
6
8
65
1
8
10
83
83
2
3
2
52
1
4
OUIJEK VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
10
1
2
1
1
1
1
11
5
4
6
2
3
1
1
o
1°
6
4
6
5
3
1
" ' . '
~ *;
4
J .
1
1
1
3
1
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
I
1
1
7
125 Caries
1
2
1°8 Inflammation of Periosteum
j
2
2
2
1
3
4
1
47
135
8
16
10
10
2
40
164
4
13
22
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
31
116
5
35
150
3
13
1
13-2. Boils
134. Whitlow ... .
9
3
1
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
5
1°
9
14
1
137. Contusions
138. Concussion of Brain
0
13y. Drowning
0
140. Sprains
15
30
o
30
32
141. Dislocation
1
1
2
11
142. Simple Fractures
1
2
38
10
4
1
1
7
n
143. Compound Fractures
0
144. Gunshot Wounds
42
6
1
1
8
1
4
37
6
4
7
32
8
1
4
145. Incised Wounds
146. Lacerated Wounds
147. Punctured Wounds
148. Poisoning
2
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
1
5
2
6
150. ORDER II.— Homicide
151. ORDER III. — Suicide
152. ORDER I V.— Execution of Sentence
Total
9, 017
101
8, 782
147
7,660
74
6,866
74
DUEING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
419
TABLE LXV.— DEPARTMENT OF ARKANSAS— Concluded.
1863.
18(>4.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
30, C83.
30, 558.
28, 475.
22, 717.
28, 973.
33, C47.
34, 9C1.
28, 28-J.
104
105
100
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
5,586
1
CO
1
4
59
5,542
1
85
53
4,737
32
4,525
45
5,520
54
8,707
4
59
7
7
60
10, 359
3
38
f~L
14
4
103
75, 101
17
489
97
93
14
86
100
515
764
23
43
8
8
o
21
118
41
32
11
6
7
8
27
763
57
10
11
1
6
7
27
56
16
11
4
12
11
36
46
6
5
51
13
7
1
3
7
33
49
1
1
7
9
7
5
1
1
1
1
10
6
48
86
6
5
40
60
1
1
3
3
1
2
1
19
38
98
21
80
54
2
3
2
10
4
1
o
3
1
4
1
1
3
2
5
1
1
1
3
9
2
4
o
9
3
o
4
14
6
3
1
2
6
6
2
0
21
1
1
8
3
5
16
4
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
o
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
21
138
G
14
47
37
38
1
o
9
15
7
381
1,396
1
0
1
2
35
66
8
14
S3
4
30
1
1
7
86
2
15
22
141
4
16
38
13
34
14
94
5
15
71
133
58
173
8
20
1
7
13
62
9
52
60
158
357
83
318
10
41
3
10
0
101
10
40
3
33
1
1
1
1
4
1
9
72
5
8
49
2
4
51
1
4
55
2
4
34
2
1
1
807
6
1
63
3
3
41
5
4
4S
43
5
1,151
113
34
18
3!)
82
1
1
1
37
13
6
6
15
12
3
2
]
20
14
1
1
1
22
12
•>
25
36
11
5
o
8
65
15
4
6
3
63
4
3
r
"
1
3
1
o
24
51
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
3
1
1
1
6, 253
67
6, 197
55
5,226
35
5,038
50
6,747
83
9,400
76
11, 221
113
82, 407
875
420
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXVI.
Abstract of the Mortality in the
YEAR
1803.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
26, 419.
27, 013.
28, 561.
29, 320.
25, 757.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OKDEK I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
218
3
31
257
160
306
76
11
r.3
3
60
57
34
<-' e
23
54
6
20
46
3
9
1
20
32
4
7
o
15
3
1
1
15
30
447
29
48
8
30
7
11
15
' er
1
10
31
541
56
3
37
44
743
61
47
8
10
5
19
36
467
47
74
4
13
16
608
46
55
• ir-
o A ' n
~' . ^ *
8
16
3
14 F!r°- °i ,J y
7
5
„ J ,' .
' '.."'''.,, '
17 Sc rlet Fever
12
1
5
1
7
2
5
8
2
90
10
14
5
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
1
24 Orchitis
1
27 Serpent Bite .
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29 Scurvy
2
1
4
1
3
0
2
1
2
1
1
34. Other Diseases of this Order
1
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTION AL DISEASES.
OUDEH l.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
4
7
7
1
1
6
1
1
8
1
2
15
2
3
9
39. (Jeueral Dropsy
40. Cancer
1
1
41. Tumors
42. Other Diseases of this Order
3
1
49
3
4
41
3
45
OHDEU II. — Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
44. Scrofula
75
0
36
2
45. Other Diseases of this Order
1
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch
47. Tape-worm
48. Other Intestinal Worms
49. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
j
1 121
1 456
],106
927
823
J
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
421
TABLE LXYI.
General Hospitals of the Central Region.
1863.
1804.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY. FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
25, 109.
25, 382.
25, 278.
23, 237.
23, 826.
32, 175.
33, 115.
27, 099.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
26
27
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
•18
49
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1 Cases. Deaths.
90
83
7
14
73
3
15
86
8
13
105
115
164
4
55
1 S0*}
43
•"
8
14
°1
"*"
7
2
1
1
5
8
362
8
1
3
12
1 14
6
3
97
°6
261
56
78
12
200
267
4,674
342
400
217
1, 343
602
10
63
7
4
79
14
3
3
6
4
1
12
6
7
o
5
°5
6
8
209
6
15
30
243
25
14
194
5
13
35
16
10
165
10
42
6
314
20
993
401
33
18
17
70
28
16
21
10
14
39
269
PI
39
14
118
22
2
3
~8
30
195
62
17
84
7
1
4
1
290
124
179
1
5
g
165
1
7
4
4
1
2
1
7
1
1
1
2
1
5
5
1
o
n
3
1
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
6
1
3
4
1
16
36
3
3
2
1
2
5
1
1
6
6
1
1
2
1
2
1
4
1
5
4
4
o
4
o
6
3
6
33
33
78
4
o
6
4
9
1
1
1
5
1
18
602
22
1
3
40
1
1
40
6
2
48
2
1
K9
64
1
68
1
44
o
„
1
1
I
|
1
1
I
0
1
691
737
840
i
981
934
835 '.»?:) IVl-.M
1
422
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXVI.— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION— Continued.
Yr, AU
1803.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
26, 419.
27, 013.
28, 561.
29, 320.
25, 757.
UJS'DEK TKEATMLM AI
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1,121
1,456
3
1
1,106
0
927
823
o
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
9
2
1
1
2
l l *
~' j
0
o
3
4
1
r ' J , „ .
10
10
3
2
7
6
1
4
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
o
1
4
o
60 Suu-stroke
5
2
5
4
ORDER 11. — Diseases of Eye.
63 Cataract
66 Ni^ht Blindness
67 Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER 111. — Diseases of Ear.
68. Earache
OllDEU IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
73. Aneurism
1
4
1
6
9
2
6
1
1
1
3
o
2
1
7S. Tnflnnunntinn of F.n<V">ardium
79. Inflammation of Veins
|
80. Varicose Veins
61. Varioocele ...
82. Other Diseases of this Order
4
3
1
2
OUDEU V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma
84. Acute Bronchitis
3
7
3
9
o
4
2
7
2
1
85. Chronic Bronchitis
3
86. Dropsy of Chest
87. Haemorrhage from Nose
88. Inflammation of Larynx
1
42
1
°9
1
42
1
85
3
1
1
89. Inflammation of Lung's
28
00. Inflammation of Pleura .
3
1
1
1
91. HsBinorrhag'e from Lungs
o
1
92. Other Diseases of this Order.
4
1
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
94. Constipation
95. Cholera Morbus
2
1
1
96. Cirrhosis of Liv<>r
1
1
1
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
1
5
1
3
1
5
98. Dyspepsia
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
10!.. Fistula in Ano
102. Hernia
1
1
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward!
1,219
1,554
1,180
1,005
949
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1804.
423
TABLE LXVL— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION— Continued.
18<>;3. 18(>4.
DliCEMlJER.
JANUARY.
FEUKUAUY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
25, 109.
25, 382.
25, 278.
23, 237.
23, 826.
32, 175.
33, 115.
27, 099.
50
51
52
53
54
55
5H
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
7G
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
67
88
83
90
9J
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
691
737
1
840
2
1
981
1
1
934
4
4
835
973
11, 424
S3
20
3
1
5
3
1
14
10
1
1
11
8
9
128
81
8
3
13
11
39
6
1
5
°3
16
10
3
11
21
12
5
3
15
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
5
1
1
1
12
4
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
57
17
7
18
9
2
5
3
3
4
1
3
6
3
1
1
1
1
3
4
1
4
1
1
0
6
3
1
1
2
1
3
1
6
10
o
19
0
101
92
8
1
21
1, 563
74
29
41
o
1
9
30
7
1
6
8
13
10
o
34
17
7
1
-
g
1
13
11
1
1
0
]
97
4
230
3
3
276
„
o
IG'S
335
16
152
84
6
o
4
3
2
11
9
0
14
4
3
1
1
1
3
8
8
15
5
o
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
o
3
1
3
3
.,
1
1
1
1
1
1
•--
j
4
1
!
-
813
985
1, 166
1,475
1,307
1, 080 ..."....
1,139
13,902
I
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OP WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE LXVL— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION— Concluded.
YEAU
1803.
MOXTII
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
26, 419.
27, 013.
28, 561.
29, 320.
25, 757.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1,219
1,554
3
1,180
3
0
1,005
1
949
2
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
1
3
8
8
o
5
14
2
5
1
9
7
10
1
2
7
5
5
7
2
3
3
2
2
1
5
8
3
3
2
1
3
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
V ' V.
1
1
3
1
o
3
1
1
2
3
1
OUDEU VIII. — Diseases of Hones and Joints.
1
1
1
3
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Jnlegumentary System.
3
1
2
1
132. Boils
133. Carbuncle
134. Whitlow
135. Skin Diseases .
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
3
137. Contusions
1
2
1
138. Concussion of Brain
1
1
135 Drowning
1
1
1
140. Sprains
141. Dislocation
142. S miple Fractures
3
o
1
1
0
165
143. Compound Fractures
13
87
1
C
342
144. Gunshot Wounds
°78
96
145. Incised Wounds
146. Lacerated Wounds
147. Punctured Wounds
1
1
8
1
148. Poisoning
1
6
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
14
3
2
1
1
150. ORDER II. — Homicide
151. OHDEH lit.— Suicide
1
152. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence
Total
1 568
1,713
1,331
1,391
1,143
l
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
4.25
TABLE LXVL— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION— Concluded.
1863. || 1804.
DECEMBER. JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
25, 109.
25, 382.
25, 278.
23, 237.
23, 826.
32, 175.
33, 115.
27, 099.
104
105
lOfi
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
1 OQ
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
843
1
985
1,160
1,475
1,307
1 080
1,139
2
1
4
1
4
13, 902
16
12
48
71
30
20
33
34
1
1
4
6
5
3
1
2
1
3
5
4
1
4
1
I
3
1
1
3
4
3
4
1
2
4
5
2
2
1
5
0
3
2
4
3
2
1
3
1
1
1
4
13
^
1
2
1
1
4
19
2
1
4
1
2
2
1
1
4
20
2
1
1
1
4
1
1
!i
1
2
1
1
2
21
1
1
1
2
1
3
4
1
1
1
1
o
1
g
5
11
8
11
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
2
1
1
3
1
1
I
3
47
1
1
1
7
47
1,895
9
2
9
4
42
1
8
2
122
3
87
2
1
53
1
2
187
8
389
2
42
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
o
3
1
1
1
0
1
2
996
1,099
1,246
1,552
1,393
1,310
1,575
16, 317
54
426
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXVII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
18(33.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH, (not including Table LXVI)
355, 509.
374, 247.
348, 842.
374, 465.
371, 695.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
698
11
1,048
404
8
150
610
10
1,186
432
3
213
647
14
671
281
4
161
478
o
518
186
382
28
464
136
12
49
' 3 J1 °
63
6,809
12, 706
9,311
1,011
550
19, 460
3,321
5, 302
325
65
60
135
13
40
3
166
78
759
176
74
17
24
3
7,848
16, 662
12, 934
1,307
772
21, 369
4, 210
6, 650
807
267
37
74
150
18
24
4
268
98
992
200
109
13
17
5, 479
13, 218
11,111
I, 219
500
13, 802
3,697
5,285
727
206
21
236
3
75
143
464
256
756
1,262
115
5
11
1
124
34
774
173
114
11
12
2
3,738
10, 755
9,591
1, 190
252
14, 023
3 272
4,580
C21
202
77
385
57
9
8
3
64
58
628
128
6
20
2, 654
7, 554
7, 119
995
152
10, 916
2, 788
2, !>80
562
256
91
132
28
12
3
i
45
697
75
14
34
9
18. Diphtheria
82
144
530
310
485
946
85
20
0
83
114
484
43G
643
1,123
95
17
1
1
28
2
12
2
81
195
1 213
8
114
98
9
2 228
20
3
57
235
785
1 331
15
o
459
915
1 281
G
1
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22. Syphilis
23. G onorrhcea .
24. Orchitis
93
120
85
19
131
1
17
179
22
25
18
144
4
21
142
13
26. Purulent Ophthalmia
138
6
9
434
15
55
46
45
8
1,063
819
602
o
2
164
4
5
334
27
13
12
24
1
27. Serpent Bite
8
8
303
11
39
29
7
9
933
760
556
28. Other Diseases of this Order
r
ORDER III.— Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
6
3
3
3
9
1
14
2
1
o
1
109
8
23
37
13
5
1
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens
5
19
11
10
3
1
0
5
32. Inebriation
33. Chronic Alcoholism
1
1
34. Other Diseases of this Order
1
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER l.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
o
3G. Acute Rheumatism
5
7
18
3
1
17
1, 039
613
495
7
5
13
1
1
11
1,453
924
419
9
11
13
67
108
66
13
291
3
03
2
2
19
1,635
963
391
4
4
14
5
3
12
37. Chronic Rheumatism
38. Anaemia
39. General Dropsy
40. Cancer
3
6
67
153
76
2
270
6
13
1
2
23
10
49
205
79
5
219
10
47
1
41. Tumors
42. Other Diseases of this Order . .
4
89
3
4
68
4
43
130
83
10
228
4
15
5
43
38
130
t!9
5
61
ORDER II.— Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
54
3
1
44. Scrofula
45. Other Diseases of this Order
12
748
4
13
]
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch
47. Tnpe-worm
48. Other Intestinal Worms
49. Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
8
Carried forward
67,396 2,239 82,053 2,728
63, 205
1,972
57, 453 1, 462
46, 630 1, 340
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
427
TABLE LXVII.
of the Central Region.
1HO3.
1864-
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCU.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
400, 319.
386, 597.
396, 175.
421, 566.
418, 882.
413, 529.
399, 098.
388, 410.
l
3
4
5
6
7
&
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
24
25
26
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
377
3
334
149
0
20
4G5
19
2;;o
159
9
29
240
20
213
130
H
31
392
46
289
173
15
35
406
29
283
194
18
30
393
31
408
215
5
43
550
42
614
328
7
75
5,838
255
6,258
2,787
94
899
1, 972
5, 707
5,610
756
113
10, 016
2, 406
2,128
4J3
309
248
287
3
145
219
2,291
623
819
1, 234
137
33
139
1
29
124
6
42
30
10
1
2
1,860
991
202
6
8
11
55
138
90
17
3
3
1
26
14
560 :
64
99 '
15
1
6
1,943
4, 682
5,318
931
124
8, 4134
2, 121
1, 8£2
415
356
636
743
12
194
792
11
5
3
2,190
5, 037
4, 946
822
70
7, 279
1, 443
1,721
2~2
337
498
1,582
13
138
1,570
2,771
375
882
1,433
145
17
88
o
12
1
5
2, 661
5, 960
6, 720
745
127
9, 4-16
1,582
257
573
739
3, 90<i
182
2, 192
3,190
593
1, 169
2 206
6
5
3,215
6,593
6,718
711
141
11, 164
1,468
2, 827
247
652
783
2,371
6
195
2 139
2,332
638
3,358
2 090
21
7
3
4,071
6,601
6,984
703
101
19, 401
2,046
5, 634
389
523
603
1,097
7
107
991
947
897
1,233
1 759
37
B
6
1
36
40
272
53
47
46
253
109
3
3
1
5,388
7,448
6,467
899
181
26, 984
3, 157
6,758
539
527
140
822
2
80
553
640
1,111
1,215
1 624
59
8
8
2
46
72
481
94
48
35
95
72
48, 028
102, 923
92, 829
11, 289
3, 083
172, 294
31, 511
48, 069
5, 796
4,533
3,938
11,685
: 7
1,476
9,150
20,377
6,220
11,113
17 786
664
95
119
16
915
498
6,344
1,027
775
337
1, 725
1,027
15
113
11
6
173
26
37
14
446
35
59
21
162
37
4
4
21
12
279
12
37
295
196
1
10
2
1
11
5
55
20
245
17
18
50
386
299
2
8
3
37
13
211
33
65
332
266
4
8
8
1 ,
1
1 j
3,287
286
853
1, 497
175
23
1H
1
2
o
3
2
13
1
6
o
11
5
1
192
213
191
32
131
1,662
2
oo
160
142
172
135
1,706
44
863
4,850
211
505
462
190
182
44
18, 593
10,635
4, 407
170
497
J,C49
1,023
75
9,025
71
251
18
2
1
1
38
17
87
19
9
5
1
47
40
121
3
15
607
23
62
74
24
13
2
1, 914
1, 052
224
3
320
7
209
1,055
46
34
34
1
8
6
1,704
864
399
15
— >w«J
17
38
33
30
15
0
1,770
877
255
55
301
7
49
31
10
11
92
419
13
68
78
42
13
2
1
5
2
13
3
1
2
o
7
2
o
1
3
14
4
2
3
9
1
1
797
28
49
35
9
13
6
1,649
925
265
5
1
3
1
4
1
4
1
1 i
7
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
7
1
9
1, 750
854
196
5
6
4
1,823
993
143
8
6
o
7
3
10
o
5
4
6
4
8
1
2
11
33
129
112
3
1,047
3
12
16
109
86
1
1, 051
2
5
1
4
21
3
1
11
14
134
90
1
1, 100
6
24
1
52,218
4
20
46
138
94
3
28
46
148
78
1
864
7
29
8
1
31
811
28
4
1
87
1
4
61
1
64
7
1
o
69
3
127
100
0*7
1
56
2
1
2
70
84
2
655
18
3
1,331
10
35
1,221
15
13
3
10
1
1
2
40, 666 1, 126
40, 166
1, 139 38, 603 1, 210
51, 059
1, 504
1, 397
60, 974
1,268
71, 600
1,556
672, 023 18, 94J
428
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXVIL— CENTRAL REGION— Continued.
1
YliAU
1863
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
355, 509.
374, 247.
348, 842.
374, 465.
371,
Cases.
695.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Deaths.
C7, 396
29
75
1,183
2,230
12
2
82, 053
12
90
* 1,067
33
21
8
21
60
915
32
180
52
17
7
1,487
48
114
32
O 7OQ
/-] ItSO
12
3
63, 205
6
76
707
21
24
7
11
73
724
1, 972
4
6
57, 453
8
78
639
11
11
2
15
60
756
30
5
89
9
7
1,259
35
42
1,462
9
1
46, 630
9
87
590
1, 340
7
1
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER l.—Diseasts of Nervous System.
20
15
15
104
798
27
305
59
15
2
1,479
18
96
25
3
17
6
1
4
22
6
4
3
14
4
28
10
6
19
74
768
35
20
11
1
1
10
6
3
' S.
0
13
6
o
11
4
35
55
105
14
15
2
5
3
1
ri ^ ' ^
• • • n i
9
34
10
6
1,413
22
5
OBDEK II.— Diseases of Eye.
1 285
34
73
32
36
29
56
44
17
55
156
1
38
9
1
5
1
3
72
42
7
100
1,364
282
2
22
OIIDEU III.— Diseases of Ear.
4
77
20
34
97
17
112
393
1
59
9
3
23
4
6
130
77
14
54
39
35
9
6°
16
54
192
90
287
1
52
2
8
9
3
2
89
62
72 Other Diseases of this Order
234
2
23
6
3
7
4
4
88
42
OUUEU IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
15
3
1
2
2
1
5
1
2
1
12
2
1
44
5
5
20
5
19
4
6
o
9
3
I
1
74
41
10
106
2,015
340
o
0*7
81. Varicocole
11
56
747
249
7
36
113
320
254
60
L23
1,102
1,750
723
7
92
457
1
30
°6
5
12
105
783
274
11
30
108
298
257
58
127
1,262
1,668
821
15
J21
433
4
9
94
794
215
o
29
137
334
238
53
145
983
1,246
403
4
84
360
1
65
36
o
3
3
1
9
3
1
OUDEU V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. A sthma
84. Acute Bronchitis
3
11
5
10
3
5
2
1
4
86. Dropsy of Chest
87. Hsemon hago from Nose
1
1
51
2
3
5
2
10
1
9
1
3
70
6
3
1
1
9
1
69
2
2
1
1
145
537
310
53
31G
868
1,081
190
3
64
337
1
83
3
2
4
1
279
855
406
72
604
681
1, 329
158
5
08
309
3
146
6
3
89. Inflammation of Luugs
90. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Haemorrhage from Lungs ...
92. Other Diseases of this Order
OUDEB VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
94. Constipation
1
1
95. Cholera Morbus
9fi. Cirrhosis of Liver
1
3
1
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
2
3
1
98. Dyspepsia
'J9. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of .Spleen
35
39
225
! 13
1
07
29
101. Fistula in Ano
oo
102. Hernia
205
5
1
207 ' 198
8 1 11
2
236
8
1
IU',5. Hicinorrlia<re from Stomach
Carried forward
78,826 ' 2,447 93,909 2,926 72,507 2,129
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
429
TABLE LXVIL— CENTRAL REGION— Continued.
18<>3.
18G4.
DECEMBER.
JANUAUT.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
400,319.
386, 597.
396, 175.
421, 506.
418, 882.
413, 529.
399, 098.
388, 410.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
73
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
eo
fi7
88
89
9G
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
08
99
100
101
102
103
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
40, 666
9
76
5G8
16
22
5
22
54
840
35
1,126
10
40, 166
12
100
G86
21
19
9
13
57
848
27
6
34
17
17
1,390
1,139
7
3
38,603
6
96
579
17
25
3
15
56
752
17
1
27
15
7
1,398
28
1,210
8
6
51, 059
10
108
768
18
20
12
18
79
861
30
3
21
19
5
1 522
1,504
5
3
52, 218
12
109
790
25
14
13
14
98
978
25
7
23
16
8
1.C22
1,397
11
6
60, 974
8
127
1,113
27
18
13
10
50
942
1,268
4
7
71, COO
12
105
1 289
1,556
10
6
672, 023
133
1, 127
9,979
270
215
120
196
840
10, 190
361
978
550
196
102
17,580
396
1 074
18, 941
99
40
1
23
7
8
2
1
29
28
7
1
22
17
3
1
33
16
27
13
75
1,002
43
264
63
30
1
22
18
3
1
1
1
6
6
14
3T1
100
42
12
3
27
38
66
31
21
5
4
1
2
33
20
4
28
16
4
1
3
8
2
2
1
7
25
152
9
19
11
1,768
41
239
16
2
2
1
34
15
8
1,213
33
18
28
20
68
9
76
197
41
9
3
13
3
5
63
50
18
77
2,452
425
7
16
289
1,179
509
66
611
587
1, 297
14-2
44
307
3
3
3
16
9
1,744
31
190
40
31
41
41
47
56
19
28
109
29
• 60
14
332
167
865
256
1
66
22
52
106
29
91
43
147
89
0
52
9
2
21
6
117
48
21
81
1,881
363
6
22
267
1, 350
5ti5
59
521
630
1, 690
121
39
321
1
75
32
100
25
107
56
1
76
9
0
10
5
1
17
112
129
150
182
175
145
1
41
3
5
17
2
7
100
43
12
84
3,034
485
7
40
422
2 223
5t«
80
659
553
1 749
105
86
1
60
4
4
10
14
o
109
74
3
80
1,191
211
8
44
173
807
405
68
134
1,023
1,887
282
o
1 245
2,146
16
582
74
41
175
53
33
1, 123
2
4
o
o
2
3
52
4
2
20
o
1
78
37
3
115
2,919
383
4
28
321
1,800
733
92
814
585
1,426
1
8
4
1
8
5
1
10
5
1
2
1
7
no
30
14
39
19
2
3
38
5
3
20
4
1
91
33
6
83
2,439
355
3
300
1,516
518
56
486
458
1 413
6
3
7
2
7
1
1
6
2
1
3
3
1
11
4
1
92
43
7
75
1,017
230
8
36
134
535
363
92
71
1,208
2,501
466
3
53
504
2
2
1
15
11
3
5
2
:
8
11
4
1
5
11
1
119
1,056
20, 636
3,818
67
352
2, 088
11,814
5, 2UO
809
4,611
10, 060
19, 037
3, 516
59
4,440
4
351
383
2,742
90
38
7
124
109
10
3
29
2,929
142
41
88
M
1
39
4
44
JO
3
9
10
7
12
2
40
13
19
8
1
1
3
298
13
1
5
2
1
3
652
34
8
25
1
197 ;
5
4
3
1
4
376
19
3
14
3
3
564
21
5
18
1
3
270
21
5
4
2
3
153
10
3
4
1
10
1
1
o
2
81
4
48
408
1
33
41
209
1
I
55
9
43
285
74
3
38
352
1
1
3
1
o
3
1
1
3
1
5
1
56
367
4
2
29
32
1
17
31
189
12
1
18
32
216
6
27
33
16
28
301
8
3
.,g
1
1
1
2-17
6
1
283
7
7
1 :
1
1
52, 507
1,444 54,209
1, 580
50, 520 1, 757
66, 018 2, 409
65, 023
2,152
73,351
1,085
si,.-.-
I,--'1'
816,634 23, 590
430
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXVIL— CENTRAL REGION— Concluded.
YE AU
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
' I lie LXVI)
353, 509.
374, 247.
348, 842.
374, 465.
371, 695.
MEAN bTRE>GTI , (no me u i g
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. ! Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Br u lit for ard
78, 826
318
102
104
8
106
153
604
841
83
32
13
23
10
19
125
40
35
13
13
7
6
43
1
15
12
2,447
6
3
9
22
6
7
7
17
93, 909
64
307
102
83
13
196
147
637
882
2,926
9
3
15
O"7
4
12
3
10
72, 507
41
290
95
60
32
154
146
671
853
76
40
9
10
3
2,129
5
3
12
24
5
9
7
66, 977
50
»>OO
65
48
8
115
114
659
818
74
24
1, 028
2
1
13
14
7
4
6
57, 899
14
649
37
42
9
136
91
592
717
55
26
1,574
4
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
. ffiinorr age lorn w
1U"-' " 1 ° ch
6
10
5
4
1
o
. u amma ion
no' rh^6' ^i 'lmmJl iou of Liver
' ro"!c
7
129
35
11
3
o
1
1
3
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
3
1
1
9
31
31
12
3
20
1
2
3
15
135
37
41
11
15
12
11
104
29
48
13
14
7
12
3
138
53
42
4
4
1
106
39
33
16
8
14
6
48
4
16
14
6
576
1,006
76
166
215
185
436
18
122 Hydrocele . .. .....
19
25
9
22
46
7
18
12
3
931
1,713
105
266
236
136
416
18
123 Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Hones and Joints.
13
36
2
15
9
8
608
1,259
87
155
133
85
470
8
2
24
1
1
1
5
11
6
618
J 088
1
1
130. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
695
1 509
4
1
3
2
132. Boils ...
! 133. Carbuncle
130
201
187
126
79
148
144
108
436
8
1
134. Whitlow
135. Skin Diseases
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
4
2
4
23
3
2
4
7
11
2
137. Contusions
400
14
138. Concussion of Brain .
1
12
3
139. Drowning
8
140. Sprains
359
34
47
9
1,270
128
08
49
47
51
416
35
3'36
405
479
22
141. Dislocation
16
59
27
8,396
89
131
48
20
50
I 142. Simple Fractures
3
3
451
4
3
55
6
454
169
97
51
80
64
1
15
137
2
3
1
1
14
5
1
1
7
324
51
12
806
1C9
48
58
12
63
60
22
5,090
163
64
46
13
37
1
5
497
143. Compound Fractures .
6
556
1
4
144. Gunshot Wounds. .
145. Incised Wounds
146. Lacerated Wounds . .
1
147. Punctured Wounds
3
148. Poisoning
2
14
1
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
24
o
11
1
1
1
4
2
1
3
150. ORDER II.— Homicide...
151. ORDER III.— Suicide
8
1
152. ORDER IV.— Execution of Sentence
Total
102, 222
87, 319
87, OG7 3, 061
3,237
2, 578
74, 007
2,287
69, 317
2, 152
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1804.
431
TABLE LX VII.— CENTRAL REGION— Concluded.
1803.
1H(>4.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MAUCH.
Al'RIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
400, 319.
386, 597.
396, 175.
421, 566.
418, 882.
413, 529.
399, 098.
388,410.
104
103
10G
107
1(18
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases ! Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
52, 567
8
724
G3
55
123
88
52-1
747
64
40
12
17
116
28
37
9
9
16
23
47
22
14
4
549
928
87
ICG
265
130
436
10
1,444
1
54, 209
38
837
87
41
9
101
75
3G7
613
73
32
1,580
o
o
9
9
6
2
4
1
50, 520
15
905
75
38
26
131
92
299
504
44
44
19
22
5
29
1,757
66, 018
19
1,235
85
49
18
137
86
345
617
54
37
11
13
4
37
115
38
49
*«i3
16
8
17
49
o
2,409
65, 023
13
922
86
53
9
116
111
320
660
80
33
11
13
2,152
3
o
8
14
10
3
3
2
73,351
45
607
85
59
11
141
90
408
785
1,685
1
1
9
14
12
5
2
3
84, 828
30
445
97
83
142
105
472
864
108
49
7
18
1,859
3
2
8
8
5
2
o
3
816, 634
429
7,007
979
721
1G2
1,658
1,208
5, 958
8 901
23, 590
36
19
99
173
69
50
56
1
3
8
4
4
6
1
3
9
6
6
2
1
4
14
o
7
4
3
1
1
1
80
46
8
8
3
31
105
28
45
17
21
5
7
36
6
7
9
2
585
948
67
150
1
4
920
443
154
202
40
298
**4
i
6
21
1
4
14
14
2
2
1
2
2
1
26
41
145
32
44
11
11
11
13
35
00
4
1
137
40
57
2
112
31
34
17
11
7
14
35
2
3
1
4
3
185
5
1,525
423
506
180
175
120
171
400
41
199
137
82
6,886
13, 361
1,069
2 139
34
4
41
16
20
6
18
21
3
9
9
33
574
1,267
15
12
18
20
35
4
26
1
1
1
7
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
4
2
31
1
6
18
11
6
356
794
82
144
409
155
426
11
2
11
12
1
18
16
2
422
949
70
201
423
119
471
8
1
1
8
10
426
900
92
196
1
2
546
1,000
86
190
716
111
565
11
2
1
3
1
4
5
1
1
108
156
762
122
3
442
700
4,654
182
475
8
2
1
3
13
1
1
3
37
1
2
0
11
124
672
25
1,583
5,908
165
20
2G
210
1
1
8
7G
3.9C8
15
19
19
12
147
29
34
10
2
o
10
6
4
20
705
26
2
17
29
556
32
46
11
538
203
66
45
31
149
582
582
695
34
58
8
371
230
68
62
10
92
664
50
647
32
525
32
50
109
7,421
191
130
66
98
112
1
1
6, 24G
3!>3
6-16
30G
37,848
2, 135
1,016
5i>8
420
1.66C
45
39
65
14
648
175
82
52
12
418
219
76
44
30
758
1
6
94
1
1
4
50
9
2,489
223
64
37
56
1
4
149
1
2
1
o
12
o
53
67
9,887
176
122
54
45
91
2
333
7
159
3
3
98
3
7
450
11
720
1
2
1
9
3
1
2
1
14
2
1
1
1
1
12
3
1
38
8
143
2
3
11
2
1
1
16
4
7
1
6
2
3
6
1
59, 645
1,862
61, 875
1,830
57, 241
1,932
73, 409
2,610
74, 720
2,403
90, 513
2,262
100, 125
2,691
9.T7, 4GO
28, 905
SICKNESS, ETC., DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1804. 433
PACIFIC REGION.
The reports from the Pacific Region have been consolidated into two tables, as
follows :
1. The Department of New Mexico - - Table LXVIII.
2. The Department of the Pacific - Table LXIX.
To these are added —
3. A consolidated table for the Pacific Region - - Table LXX.
1. THE DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO — TABLE LXVIII,
This table embraces the reports received from stations in New Mexico and Colorado.
January 1st, 1864, Colorado Territory was transferred to the Department of Kansas.
This change, however, has been disregarded in the construction of the table.
2. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC — TABLE LXIX.
This table includes the reports received from all stations west of the Rocky Moun
tains which are not embraced in the Department of New Mexico.
This table is prepared by consolidating Tables LVI, LXVII, and LXX.
55
434
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TKOOPS
TABLE LXVIIL
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YE AU
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
3, 569.
3, 961.
3, 194.
3, 647.
4, 004.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
1
1
8
'
7
2
1
1
4
27
9
6
1
1
74
8
19
3
5
31
8
7
32
69
14
6
91
10
1
23
1
6. Quotl mn n em '
. Quartan^ n
2
53
12
1
1
1
in' *Tnges lve ," e
99
3
34
4
89
8
24
57
2
8
3
2
r° • IT-
' l °
1
13
4
1
' cu °. ^ y
4
3
' ° ys ^
17 Scarlet Fever -
34
5
30
C6
9
4
12
12
45
49
13
1
33
7
38
51
7
4
45
12
53
32
55
6
35
55
11
1
1
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22 Syphilis
24 Orchitis
7
D
2
1
8
28 Other Diseases of this Order
1
9
3
6
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
1
1
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Treinens
6
24
2
4
2
4
2
6
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
1
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
OKDEH I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
36. Acute Rheumatism
37
19
1
30
15
33
14
52
19
23
51
37. Chronic Rheumatism
38. Ansemia
39. General Dropsy
40. Cancer
3
1
3
41. Tumors
o
42. Other Diseases of this Order
2
1
2
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
1
2
2
1
44. Scrofula
1
1
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch
1
1
1
47. Tape-worm
1
48. Other Int.estinal Worms
49. Other Diseases of this Order
2
Carried forward
413
1
380
1
393
1
412
4
434 1
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
435
TABLE LXVIII.
of the Department of New Mexico.
1H03. 1804.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
3, 883.
4, 460.
4, 802.
4, 893.
5, 483.
4, 504.
4, 108.
4,224.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
>6!4thS.
Cases.
>eaths.
Cases. ] Deaths.
^ases.
Deaths.
}ases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
10
17
18
19
20
22
24
20
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
30
37
38
39
40
4
1
4
1
o
1
2
1
17
1
19
4
0
1
1
1
1
18
14
2
15
C
8
4
1
1
30
1
9
3
14
10
6
4
10
39
3
4
15
34
2
11
23
339
204
1
14
3
2
36
5
53
13
6
610
54
148
24'
1
3
1
4
1
30
2
3
23
40
3
15
42
3
4
1
3
31
5
2
2
0
2
1
1
11
2
4
2
1
1
3
24
1
]
1
9
2
12
1
1
9
696
90
544
719
08
1
1
17
1
51
68
9
o
8
11C
7
53
7
39
50
0
81
8
30
49
6
1
84
9
45
44
5
124
42
5
08
98
7
1
11
52
2
52
88
6
3
09
12
1
1
1
2
10
127
1
4
3
3
1
3
29
3
15
40
0
5
2
6
1
2
9
1
4
8
7
8
5
1
3
10
38
87
o
10
1
27
34
34
30
34
21
1
22
31
27
29
1
24
17
31
9
374
289
0
1
7
7
9
8
15
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
42
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
3
5
1
8
1
1
3
3
311
4
332
3
357
4
472
494
3
383
1
323
2
4,704
25
436
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE LXVIII.— DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO— Continued
YUAU
1863.
MOXTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MBAN STBENGTU
3,569.
3, 961.
3, 194.
3, 6-17.
4,004.
LIST OP DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
413
1
380
1
393
1
412
4
434
1
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
1
9
1
5
1
3
2
1
2
4
1
r>
5
1
. ,
1
* S %
6
2
1
2
9
1
^
5
7
1
* 6U ff.
1
'
4
1
1
2
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
63 Cataract
12
24
14
13
7
2
20
1
4
ORDEH III.— Diseases of Ear.
3
1
1
3
2
4
1
2
OUDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
1
1
0
2
1
82. Other Diseases of this Order
4
1
1
30
1
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma ...
1
5
2
11
2
6
G
4
1
1
2
2
4
84. Acute Bronchitis .
5
86. Dropsy of Chest ...
87. Haemorrhage from Nose
1
1
4
1
88. Inflammation of Larynx
4
2
5
2
89. Inflammation of Lungs
1
2
7
1
1
90. Inflammation of Pleura
5
1
7
3
84
7
91. HsBinorrhage from Lungs
92. Other Diseases of this Order
1
5
57
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
6
C6
1
5
59
9
48
1
94. Constipation
95. Cholera Morbus
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
98. Dyspepsia
5
9
11
6
14
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
101. Fistula in Ano
1
102. Hernia
2
1
1
2
103. Haemorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
583
2
525
1
518
2
545
6
630
2
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.
437
TABLE LXVIIL— DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO— Continued.
18(>3.
1804.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
Al'RIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
3,683.
4, 460.
4, 862.
4, 893.
5, 483.
4,564.
4, 168.
4, 224.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
10
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
311
4
332
3
357
4
472
494
3
383
1
323
2
4,704
25
1
1
1
3
o
1
1
6
13
44
5
1
1
2
5
70
6
9
1
5
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
4
2
6
.5
1
3
10
8
2
5
1
2
1
1
14
14
14
20
17
9
11
182
9
2
23
1
1
5
1
5
1
3
1
4
5
1
2
1
2
1
o
3
1
o
2
2
6
8
11
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
12
4
3
1
1
3
2
9
16
139
13
1
4
31
ti3
61
6
103
74
581
16
1
2
0
1
1
13
3
1
1
7
1
1
28
1
9
11
7
7
2
1
1
7
2
1
6
9
5
1
1
6
40
1
1
4
6
3
5
5
1
o
3
9
12
1
1
5
15
8
5
4
1
o
14
2
5
1
2
'>
32
7
46
1
22
3
45
4
11
•27
1
2
7
40
4
2
10
29
n
40
2
1
7
3
8
1
4
94
1
6
4
4
1°
8
1
3
1
1
4
:s
i
102
103
1
3
1
483
6
463
5
457
9
609
2
622
8
508
5
441
3
0,364
a
438
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXVIIL— DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO— Concluded.
YEAK
1863.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
3, 569.
3, 961.
3, 194.
3, G47.
4, 004.
MEAN £>1
LIST OF DISEASES. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
a
583
S
525
1
518
2
545
6
C30
2
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
8
11
C
15
13
7
1
1
1
1
1
5
8
3
1
1
2
1
3
3
4
6
4
1
o
3
2
6
9
1
1
44
8
1
3
6
2
1
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
3
3
1
1
1
2
1
1°2 Hydrocele
1
1
1
8
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
124 Anchylosis
125. Caries
127. Inflammation of Bones - -
2
130. Other Diseases of this Order
1
19
2
2
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System,
131. Abscess
11
19
4
13
5
9
2
132. Boils
133. Carbuncle
134. Whitlow
1
6
1
1
4
3
1
2*>
135. Skin Diseases
1
4
4
°8
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
137. Contusions
26
23
1
138. Concussion of Brain
1
133. Drowning
140. Strains
11
22
17
19
19
141. Dislocation
142. Simple Fractures
2
1
3
1
3
143. Compound Fractures
144. Gunshot Wounds
20
11
15
2
3
3
3
2
5
8
9
6
18
1
1
4
7
14
2
3
3
4
19
5
1
1
3
9
8
4
1
5
145. Incised Wounds
146. Lacerated Wounds
147. Puncturnd Wounds
148. Poisoning
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
1
150. ORDBR II. — Homicide
151. ORDER III.— Suicide
152. ORDEK IV. — Execution of Sentence
Total
741
7
676
3
649
3
689
7
800
3
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1 804.
439
TABLE LXVIII.— DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO— Concluded.
18G3.
1804.
DECEMBER.
JANUAUY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
Al'KIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
3, 883.
4, 460.
4, 862.
4, 893.
5, 483.
4,564.
4,168. | 4,224.
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
i:iO
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
140
147
148
149
150
151
152
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
483
6
463
5
457
9
609
2
622
8
508
5
441
2
9
3
3
6,384
o
155
34
5
4
19
10
78
85
27
6
1
1
51
20
19
15
2
13
6
3
00
8
1
1
1
10
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
4
12
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
4
12
6
2
1
9
C
3
9
3
3
3
6
3
1
1
1
1
1
13
5
1
1
27
1
1
1
1
1
1
*
4
4
1
1
4
1
2
1
1
1
3
2
145
31
15
22
1
6
6
18
2
3
5
3
1
3
8
13
1
1
3
14
8
1
1
10
4
1
4
7
1
2
2
8
3
17
o
5
71
14
256
4
3
DO
31
°7
13
13
1
1
1
1
17
9
2
2
9
4
2
19
1
3
11
6
7
]66
9
26
2
2
1
7
5
1
4
1
80
89
150
6
7
16
5
1
4
9
12
8
• 4
6
9
3
4
9
3
1
1
11
7
13
2
11
3
9
7
0
8
1
38
38
44
1
1
10
4
1
13
11
3
3
652
7
603
5
589
10
758
6
738
13
603
5
568
5
8,06(5
74
440
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE LXIX.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality.
YEAR
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST. j SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
5, 599.
c OQQ
O, ^Oo.
6, 294.
5, 930.
5, 985.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases. Deaths. '. Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS L— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OUUER I.— Miasmatic Diseases.
3
3
1
8
1
4
1
2
19
86
19
3
0
16
98
31
1
33
108
97
9
39
100
110
6
o
25
111
32
1
o
136
17
10
1
o
84
13
11
1
2
89
6
18
93
2
16
59
7
8
o
1
o
1
4
1
2
10
~ .
1
6
9
5
8
9
' *
p
8
2
83
83
5
1
19
o
32
172
11 • t fh- f\ A
o
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
87
68
4
2
3
1
1
88
70
6
2
S7
76
12
82
74
10
o
1
6
2
1
3
1
1
3
19
3
2
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
gg Scurvy
7
26
7
8
18
2
5
17
5
18
1
34 Other Diseases of this Order
1
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
1
72
36. Acute Rheumatism
51
30
4
46
24
4
52
34
3
56
34
o
37. Chronic Rheumatism
31
1
38. Anaemia
39. General Dropsy
40. Cancer
41. Tumors
1
1
4
2
1
42. Other Diseases of this Order
3
8
1
3
1
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
4
2
1
4
1
1
1
44. Scrofula
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch
2
1
47. Tape-worm
48. Other Intestinal Worms
49. Other Diseases of this Order
1
Carried forward
614
I
550
1
707
1
725
743
2
DUEING TUE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
441
TABLE LXIX.
of the Department of the Pacific.
1803.
1864-
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
AritiLr
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
6, 291.
6, 706.
6, 867.
5, 984.
6,539.
6, 644. 6, 951.
0, 256.
1
3
•1
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
24
25
26
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
4G
47
48
49
Cases. [ Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Coses. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths, j
3
2
1
2
1
5
1
1
29
3
12
4
o
4
1
1
i
19
77
10
4
2
47
1
11
1
15
49
23
4
5
49
17
5
11
49
32
12
26
41
41
46
52
51
50
305
870
472
66
12
839
70
168
16
33
1
81
2
70
23
740
°4
39
5
21
16
o
62
5
9
32
43
1
16
2
1
43
6
33
60
91
5
5
o
2
11
3
G
1
20
1
2
5
4
3
21
16
1
8
1
115
0
8
7
11
o
4
1
15
1
173
o
94
62
9
3
o
10
1
64
1
11
7
44
4
1
1
4
30
4
92
42
2
3
oo
52
2
45
61
9
1
2
4
75
47
3
1
85
63
9
o
78
54
11
4
1
968
751
99
31
10
2
27
15
1
70
185
29
1
5
728
451
29
1
51
10
6
11
5
1
1
1
4
0
1
4
3
3
3
5
3
5
13
3
9
16
6
1
5
15
1
8
12
4
1
5
5
1
7
13
2
3
13
4
1
1
1
1
76
31
1
57
43
1
2
62
54
34
5
1
67
42
1
69
53
4
66
52
1
43
4
1
1
1
2
2
1
o
2
2
4
6
1
8
14
35
23
3
10
4
1
2
7,338
2
2
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
5
1
1
1
1
7
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
075
4
628
-'
454
2
544
3
553
2
594
3
551
1
22
442
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXIX.— DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC— Continued.
YEAR
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
5, 599.
5, 283.
6, 294.
.5,930.
5, 985.
LIST OP DISEASES.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. :
614
1
550
1
3
16
2
1
707
1
725
1
1
5
743
o
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
OilDER I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
1
1
9
2
17
1
2
9
4
1
1
1
o
3
56. Inflammation o pma
1
18
1
' * g^.
11
2
1
1
13
5
16
0
1
1
2
0
10
2
OKDEK II. — Diseases of Eye.
20
2
1
1
15
15
2
15
13
66 Night Blindness
1
1
3
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
71. Otorrhoea
72. Other Diseases of this Order
1
7
3
OUDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
74. Valvular Disease of Heart
2
1
1
76. Dropsy of Pericardium
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
78. Inflammation of Endocardium
79. Inflammation of Veins
80. Varicose Veins
2
2
3
81. Varicocele
1
82. Other Diseases of this Order
2
2
3
82
9
ORDER V. — Diseases of Itespiratory Organs.
83. Asthma
1
37
5
o
2
69
°4
: 84. Acute Bronchitis
25
8
34
15
; 85. Chronic Bronchitis
86. Dropsy of Chest
87. llajmon hage from Xose
1
24
88. Inflammation of Laryux
7
4
10
1
2
9
76
5
9
4
9
2
9
16
7°
16
18
14
3
32
6
74
1
89. Inflammation of Lungs
1
o
10
16
1
4
; 90. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Haemorrhage from Lungs
1
I
92. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
26
94
3
13
91
1
94. Constipation
93. Cholera Morbus
4
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
98. Dyspepsia
21
17
24
21
9
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
1
3
3
1
101. Fistula in Ano
1
4
102. Hernia
6
0
103. Hemorrhage from .Stomach
Carried forward
861
1 801
3
981
2
1,074
3
1,082
7
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
443
TABLE LXIX.— DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC— Continued.
18133.
18G4.
DECEMBEK.
JANUARY.
FEHUUAKY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
6, 291.
6, 706.
6, 867.
5, 984.
6, 539.
6, 644.
6, 951. 6, 256.
50
51
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
C2
63
64
65
66
07
IV
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
675
1
2
y
i
4
628
1
o
454
o
544
3
553
2
1
6
1
2
594
3
551
1
1
7,338
6
15
127
22
0
1
19 '
4
1
14
1
9
1
•5
1
6
17
2
4-
3
6
199
22
3
30
'?
182
14
6
9
6
15
6
15
27
1
1
1
1
i
o
1
13
2
1
19
2
1
13
1
7
1
1
o
28
3
28
o
1
1
1
3
5
2
2
2
1
K
1
1
2
1
13
2
1
10
2
1
9
o
15
19
1
1
2
16
2
22
1
2
1
I
1
2
I
1
2
2
1
1
1
6
3
2
2
1
2
2
1
4
3
4
2
1
2
5
1
1
9
2
1
1
i
1
8
2
1
o
1
1
1
1
1
i
0
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
40
11
14
5
7
20
1
1
0
1
80
8
1
3
95
2
60
4
1
60
15
3
39
8
29
7
650
123
1
3
133
107
150
32
167
132
731
35
3
6
216
9
1
1
1
]
1
18
9
12
1
12
11
16
16
0
13
6
49
2
7
17
23
4
25
9
41
1
0
10
10
11
1
11
17
37
10
11
16
4
11
7
59
6
9
5
7
1
7
10
37
4
3
2
14
8
8
6
51
1
1
13
1
1
1
3
21
7
50
1
1
1
1
i
1
28
4
14
1
19
10
19
13
21
3
1
4
1
1
2
o
7
9
29
1
1
I
1
2
2
1
0
1
958
7
936
9
701
4
790
6
866
9
844
3
775
5
10, 669
52
444
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE LXIX.— DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC— Concluded.
YL' .A «
18(38.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
5, 599.
5,283.
6, 294.
5, 930.
5, 985.
"
LIST OP DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
861
1
801
3
981
2
1,074
3
1,082
1
7
O KUEII VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
9
4
9
3
3
7
3
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
14
11
U. . Acute u a
1
1
10
4
13
4
10
1
2
3
11° Piles
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
0
1
1
4
.
„
1
2
1
1
1
1
122 Hydrocele
1
1
1
1
OKDEK VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
125. Caries
5
6
3
6
1
I
1
1
1
1
130. Other Diseases of this Order ...
1
17
24
1
1
oo
1
12
19
o
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Intcyumentary System.
131. Abscess
25
23
28
20
132. Boils
11
4
<>
12
2
53
17
3
3
133. Carbuncle
1
8
9
1
°9
134. Whitlow
5
21
o
135. Skin Diseases
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, anil Injuries.
136. Burns.
4
38
o
137. Contusions
•!0
41
138. Concussion of Brain
139. Drowning
1
1
140. Sprains
40
1
31
6
24
32
32
141. Dislocation
3
142. Simple Fractures
4
o
143. Compound Fractures
144. Gunshot Wounds
14
7
8
0
2
1
14
4
7
7
6
4
10
10
3
5
7
3
18
0
4
10
o
7
18
10
4
4
3
145. Incised Wounds
140. Lacerated Wounds
147. Punctured Wounds
148. Poisoning
5
I
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
150. ORDEK II. — Homicide
151. ORDER III.— Suicide
152. ORDER IV.— Execution of Sentence .
1
5
Total
1,110
1, 023 5
1, 217
3
1,281
1
:,300
8
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1804.
445
TABLE LXIX.— DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC— Concluded.
i8«3.
18(>4.
DECEMBER.
JANUAUT.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL. MAY. JUNE. TOTAL.
6, 291.
6, 700.
6, 807.
5, 984.
6, 539.
6, 044.
6, 951. 6, 250.
104
105
IOC
107
108
101)
110
111
1112
113
114
115
110
117
118
119
120
121
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
13'J
140
141
142
143
144
145
140
147
148
149
150
151
15'J
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases Deaths.
Cases. Deaths'
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. .Deaths. Cases.
Deaths. Cases. Deaths
958
7
936
9
701
4
7HO
1
6
860
2
844
3
775
5
10, 669
2
164
19
19
1
1
16
14
3
3
12
3
1
9
3
3
4
1
1
14
3
14
9
22
150
2
1
2
1
0
12
2
1
0
3
1
1
1
2
1
20
0
3
7
0
1
9
C
1
2
14
4
3
1
JO
4
19
3
2
1
o
35
12
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
5
11
21
14
7
4
13
o
23
1
4
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
1
1
3
1
3
2
1
3
1
3
1
2
1
1
2
2
o
1
1
1
23
1
7
2
3
215
195
21
41
149
°7
2
1
1
...
1
1
18
17
20
17
1
1
3
47
:»
17
23
11
12
18
4
1
3
2
1
44
21
15
2
3
15
13
8
5
2
21
1
4
13
3
34
J
3
42
3
12
1
41
5
40
50
491
o
1
1
1
5
0
1
27
2
6
25
29 i
3°
25
"8
27
o
352
3
2
7
C
4
1
1
4
8
2
6
6
1
C
4
10
30
50
1
02
147
76
51
2
5
15
7
2
20
1
1
5
9
3
4
4
9
4
7
o
1
7
14
5
1
1
3
12
7
6
5
9
6
2
i
o
3
3
1
8
3
1
51
02
I
1
1
1
o
1
1
1 |
3
1
1,185 12
1,153
10
908
5
975
8
1,062
4
1,084
7
982
7
13,286
78
446
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXX
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAH
1883.
MONTH -
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
9, 168.
9, 244.
9, 488.
9, 577.
9, 989.
MEAN' oTKEIiGTH..
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
CLASS 1. —ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
3
3
1
9
1
1
1
12
1
4
]. Tjp o •
7
o
3
. e ov\
46
95
47
106
65
308
114
116
6
4
146
14
29
116
121
131
98
25
38
i
33
1
116
9
16
ft' o^ l C> 'tt t F -
4
3
210
9
2
178
14
42
1
1
9. Congestive Intermittent Fever
1
183
16
45
5
2
"
25
1
t
29
4
7
1
~' C . f> t
6
5
1
4
5
6
^ ^
y811 ' 1 'd
1C* MP% *
2
10
17 Scarlet Fever
1
6
43
5
117
134
13
6
3
3
2
8
5
8
9
20
52
9
126
.77
14
140
108
19
4
007
14
128
1
6
117
129
OKDEK II. — Enthetic Diseases.
OO Syphilis
132
18
2
121
13
6
3
1
fi
3
2
9
6
7
1
o
OUDEH III.— Dietic Diseases.
29 Scurvy . .
1
13
50
7
8
20
2
7
21
5
24
1
23
3
1
1
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
1
105
45
1
88
49
5
76
39
4
104
53
79
85
0
3
3
\
2
4
1
3
1
4
2
41. Tumors
o
42. Other Diseases of this Order
3
10
3
4
3
OKDEK II. — Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
1
4
2
2
1
1
44. Scrofula
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
40. Itch
3
1
1
1
1
48. Other Intestinal Worms
49. Other Diseases of this Order
3
Carried forward
1,027
2
930
o
1,100
2
1,137
4
1, 177
3
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.
TABLE LXX.
of the Pacific Region.
1868. 1864.
DECEMBER.
JANUAUY.
FEBBUAKT.
MAHCH.
Al'HIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAI,.
10, 174.
11,106.
11, 729.
10, 877.
12, 022.
11,208.
11,119.
10, 480.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
1
o
3
1
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
•v4
27
29
30
31
32
33
34
36
37
36
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
40
47
48
49
3
3
4
1
o
o
2
1
5
1
2
o
46
4
31
8
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
37
91
12
4
o
83
3
14
3
30
11
57
21
25
36
80
44
4
61
86
41
5
62
644
1,074
61
24
59
38
16
73
35
19
4
6
3
62
79
18
1, 449
124
316
40
57
1
93
3
71
32
1, 436
114
1,512
1,470
197
54
10
4
43
142
1
108
272
29
2
5
1,102
740
31
1
3
1
5
1
85
83
4
31
4
5
85
9
37
1
7
91
127
7
15
2
3
20
1
1
10
oo
10
16
6
6
1
5
6
1
3
1
21
16
1
8
1
196
10
121
9
1
2
7
20
2
6
1
1
4
39
5
126
115
12
15
1
226
9
133
112
15
5
10
1
188
11
130
123
1
11
15
1
1
4
2
136
11
90
105
14
1
o
160
11
124
139
1
9
160
140
18
7
1
2
1
1
112
15
1
23
5
16
9
1
1
3
4
1
3
1
4
5
5
2
44
6
29
6
18
5
6
8
7
19
3
1
11
1
6
15
1
1
12
o->
1
13
12
15
18
o
1
6
23
6
1
6
4
1
1
1
110
61
1
91
64
o
o
81
68
5
1
84
74
94
71
1
1
93
70
4
97
61
4
2
15
23
43
38
3
13
9
10
o
1
3
4
3
o
2
3
4
9
3
o
1
1
1
2
2
1
10
o
3
4
3
1
1
2
1
4
7
1
i>
o
1
1
1
1
3
1
o
1
„
t ' ' '
1
1
3
3
986
8
900
5
811
6
1,OJ 0
3 3,047
5
977
4
874
3
12, 042
47
448
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXX.— PACIFIC REGION— Continued.
YKAK
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
9, 168.
9, 244.
9, 488.
9, 577.
9, 989.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Brou htf.nvard
1,027
2
930
1
4
21
2
2
1,100
1,137
1
3
9
1
4
1
1,177
3
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of J\'ervous System.
2
18
3
20
3
1
4
14
4
1
1
1
1
o^. u a.n a , f „ .
0
jj. Inflamma ion o tm ra
1
3
j n ainma ion o , p n
1
27
1
1
1
1
17
2
"*•-' N \r
17
o
15
6
o
23
1
>w p1" i g'
1
1
5
3
2
1°
OEDEK 11.— Diseases of Eye.
1
o
32
39
29
2
28
7
2
1
1
3
33
1
f I ' J
0
1
5
3
OuDEii III. — Diseases of Ear.
3
1
1
1
1
4
1
4
1
„
5
70
71
7
5
OUDEH IV. — Diseasesof Organs of Circulation.
2
1
1
0
2
1
2
1
2
1
o
1
4
1
2
2
3
1
4
o
82. Other Diseases of this Order
3
4
112
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma
1
30
8
3
48
7
8
75
28
1
o
84. Acute Bronchitis
39
15
85. Chronic Bronchitis
10
86. Dropsy of Chest
87. Haemorrhage from Nose
,j
8
10
9
21
88. Inflammation of Larynx
7
6
17
1
2
15
14°
26
12
20
20
20
19
5
89. Inflammation of Lung's
1
7
1
2
5
90. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Hemorrhage from Lungs
1
0
29
92. Other Diseases of this Order
7
29
178
64
15
OKUER VI. — Diseasesof Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
18
148
1
94. Constipation •
131
4
95. Cholera Morbus
10
6
2
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
!
98. D vspepsia
26
20
35
27
23
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
1
3
1
1
101. Fistula in Ano
1
5
i 102. Hernia
7
4
10.3. Haemorrhage from Stomach
1,444
3
1,326
4
1,499
4
1,619
9
1,712
9
DUEING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864
449
TABLE LXX.— PACIFIC REGION— Continued.
1803.
1864.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEIIRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TUTAL.
10,: 74.
11, 166.
11, 729.
10, 877.
12 022.
11, 208.
11,119.
10, 480.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
Co
66
67
68
69
70
71
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
68
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
9f
97
08
99
100
10
10!
10
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
3ases.
)eaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Jeaths.
Cases. Deaths.
98G
1
3
10
o
8
960
1
5
811
C
1,016
3
1,047
2
2
6
1
5
977
4
874
3
1
12,042
6
28
171
22
47
2
1
21
4
16
1
11
2
1
12
13
3
1
4
3
5
5
11
269
<v8
5
39
16
1
364
23
8
32
7
38
12
23
38
2
o
2
o
1
1
20
3
4
17
2
0
1
22
1
18
1
13
1
1
2
2
1
27
2
38
3
36
4
1
2
1
3
2
1
4
5
o
0
1
5
1
1
1
0
24
1
5
3
6
1
23
35
1
\
3
36
1
1
3
25
2
33
1
2
6
o
1
1
4
3
4
0
4
1
6
4
2
2
3
4
3
3
2
3
4
4
7
2
3
5
1
1
9
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
20
6
1
5
0
1
1
o
1
3
1
1
1
I
1
1
0
2
1
o
17
7
16
36
789
130
2
7
104
170
211
38
270
206
1,312
1
0
1
1
1
4°
3
2
67
16
1
3
49
11
108
8
1
3
4
67
4
3
46
10
106
9
1
1
10
1
1
1
11
17
13
1
11
27
1
21
18
°4
o
]2
20
22
2
45
13
95
2
10
28
1
2
1
4
15
26
24
4
15
18
86
C
18
11
19
9
9
14
9
8
1
9
17
77
16
o
27
1
1
3
6
5
1
1
1
4
47
12
o
23
1
9
90
o
86
1
2
66
91
1
1
51
3
10
310
1
1
1
28
4
30
4
2G
1
1
27
]
16
23
17
...
3
1
5
1
1
3
7
13
44
0
0
4
1
1
5
•^
0
4
1
1
I
1,441
13
1,399
14
1,158
13
1,399
8
1,488
10
1,352
,-
1,216
6
17, 053
103
57
450
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXX.— PACIFIC REGION— Concluded.
VEAR 1863'
MOXTH j JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
9, 1G8.
9, 244.
9, 488.
9, 577.
9, 989.
LIST OF DISEASES. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
)eaths.
j
1,444
3
1,326
4
1,499
4
1,619
9
1,712
1
29
1
9
ORDER \l.—Diseatet of Digestive Organs— Continued.
17
15
15
3
4
1
1
2
6
24
3
2
22
18
1
4
1
1
3
2
6
19
2
3
106. In J. i
1
1
1
4
10
19
1
2
2
3
1
103. In amma .on
4
4
6
20
15
1
WJ. Acute u amma 101 ^
1
47
20
1 1-1
1
3
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
11- TV I
'
1
117 ir'^1 >" f°P- -t
1
1
3
1
1
3
3
2
1
fi' f T f
1
7
1
. isease
4
1
1
0
IOQ' ["fl mmaf° f 131 \\
2
1-n' Incontinence of L'riue
1
1
2
1
1
9
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Hones and Joints.
1°5 Caries
5
6
3
6
1
1
1
1
2
1
28
24
I
2
28
5
64
1
1
n
ORDEU IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
31
21
4
5
°2
44
15
4
7
12
36
33
3
8
13
5
57
29
132 Boils .
19
3
7
8
3
64
1
133. Carbuncle .
134. Whitlow
135. Skin Diseases
CLASS V. —WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
2
58
o
137. Contusions
76
1
138. Concussion of Brain
133. Drowning
1
1
140. Sprains
51
1
2
53
41
51
51
3
8
141. Dislocation
3
7
142. Simple Fractures
7
3
143. Compound Fractures
144. Gunshot Wounds
34
18
23
4
9
o
5
2
6
13
13
25
1
1
8
30
6
1
10
0*7
145. Incised Wounds
14f>. Lacerated Wounds
o-
18
8
5
8
147. Punctured Wounds
9
11
0
148. Poisoning
8
8
1
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
6
150. ORDER II. — Homicide
151. ORDER III.— Suicide
152. ORDER IV.— Execution of Sentence
1
Total
1,851
12
1,699
8
1,866
6
1,970
11
2,106
11
DUKING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
451
TABLE LXX.— PACIFIC EEGION— Concluded
1803.
1804.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
Al'UIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
10, 174.
11,1
Cases.
06.
11, 729.
10, 877.
12, 022.
11, 208.
11, 119.
10, 480.
104
105
10G
107
108
109
liO
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
Cases.
Deaths.
13
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
1,441
1,399
14
1,158
13
1, 399
1
36
9
4
8
1,488
10
1,352
8
1,216
8
17, 053
4
319
59
19
33
19
100
241
103
39
38
1
1
1
3
3
3
13
5
31
o
36
20
18
6
1
13
3
1
1
4
2
2
4
1
4
1
14
18
4
1
3
1
2
1
4
22
2
„
1
1
1
I
3
1
4
2
12
1
28
3
2
1
23
7
3
1
7
6
1
8
62
18
3
1
5
34
19
8
5
40
4
23
24
1
7
5
5
300
226
36
63
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
4
1
4
3
1
2
2
1
1
3
3
3
o
2
1
1
1
3
1
4
1
1
7
1
<>
3
1
3
6
2
3
1
3
1
1
o
„
o
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
24
38
19
4
3
3
78
1
22
04
32
29
16
3
5
32
26
13
5
3
5
10
4
56
1
1°
°3
1
5
23
6
6
28
5
63
o
7
25
3
17
1
54
1
3
69
1
G
5(3
o
41
747
6
5°
1
1
2
5
!
2
1
44
2
8
34
5
4
38
11
8
51
30
34
4
11
34
4
6
518
39
76
0
142
230
22(
1
8
1
11
4
1
10
17
oo
16
5
11
22
23
7
2
33
2
1
9
18
15
12
9
18
13
4
14
18
14
11
4
2
1
1
14
19
20
6
10
7
o
10
3
4
1
4
1
8
7
6
3
89
89
106
4
1
1
1
1
o
1
1
1
20
1
1, 837
19
! 1,756
15
1,497
15
1,733
14
1,800
17
1,687
12
1,550
12
21,352
152
452
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE LXXI.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YE AR
1863.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
567, 760.
603, 105.
575, 075.
589, 056.
590, 2-23.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
1,273
°0
1,945
683
11
165
1,406
18
2,108
690
7
245
1,242
1, 327
467
4
194
880
17
1,102
330
2
91
719
864
231
14
84
o 'rJT)
~" >P
J P o a aria
9,200
15, 459
12, 067
1,198
5%
30, 277
4,301
7,093
732
442
71
89
105
13
44
3
178
88
831
202
78
33
5
11, 769
21, 514
17, 627
1,671
827
38,115
5,474
8,564
935
389
38
101
1
232
156
859
787
1, 310
1, 990
173
186
18
24
5
282
111
1,100
223
122
16
15
17
1
42
1
1
34
4
8, 879
19, 276
15, 919
1,830
558
28, 602
5, 172
7,812
935
281
295
3
233
197
1,011
517
1, 030
2,301
198
46
182
4
17
511
61
75
59
30
24
8
2,040
1,229
783
41
10
19
95
243
116
12
307
6
33
6
154
7
11
1
135
50
911
217
141
13
15
3
6,158
15, 506
14, 329
1, Ofc8
313
23, 237
4,567
6,262
798
280
94
440
70
17
8
3
83
67
807
168
154
8
24
2
4,425
11, 583
11, L'72
1,201
253
19, 441
4,051
4,249
748
308
115
159
3
2UO
199
3,591
37
14
3
1
46
50
919
97
97
18
42
9
'tt > F > -
yuo mil i
' M itt nt pever
' °U 6. .
18 Diphtheria -
141
200
948
C25
1,014
1,634
166
37
191
14
12
23
o
28
3
31
0
1
59
3
108
230
2,139
434
1,675
2,249
251
1
22
17
o
609
1, 790
2,207
219
50
11
1
ORDER 11. — Enthetic Diseases.
22 Syphilis
39
147
8
36
639
39
92
114
40
45
8
2,029
1,453
1, 101
13
24
23
85
312
134
7
°77
39
2
150
4
31
252
18
76
80
11
8
2,660
1,592
695
12
13
03
139
27. Serpent bite
1
4
38
202
11
CO
98
23
1C
21
OKUER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
420
31
99
110
18
51
12
1,763
1,411
830
6
3
9
3
10
1
3
1
3
4
6
7
5>
11
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens
9
6
3
32. Inebriation
33. Chronic Alcoholism
1
9
34. Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER l.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
36. Acute Rheumatism
6
7
hi
3
1
19
o
2
11
3
4
23
1
2,800
1, 722
C41
5
5
25
80
207
110
17
900
6
29
6
4
18
37. Chronic Rheumatism
38. Anajmia
39. General Dropsy
40. Cancer
8
15
o
1
1
5
91
4
1
1
6
87
1
3
41. Tumors
42. Other Diseases of this Order
97
232
102
8
490
11
31
1
7
104
4
122
210
109
30
413
12
6
72
1
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
82
3
1
44. Scrofula
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
46. Itch
47. Tape-worm
14
00
0
48. Other Intestinal Worms
33
49. Other Diseases of this Order
0
10 '..
Carried forward 95,529 2,749122,925 3,310104,350 2, 535 j 8;), 443 j 2,064 | 75, 721 . 1,855
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30. 1864.
453
TABLE LXXI.
of the United /States Army.
1803.
1864.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
630, 834.
604, 432.
636, 148.
680, 034.
696, 539.
641, 376.
615, 258.
619. 703.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Jeaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
in
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
23
24
25
26
28
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
640
11
611
234
8
37
727
22
502
239
10
49
433
31
372
211
13
37
644
53
459
251
19
51
661
513
298
20
42
588
36
671
2SG
5
51
843
47
1,255
555
10
111
10, 116
349
11, 729
4,475
123
1,157
3,068
8, 257
8,121
924
178
16, 443
3,638
2, 963
506
436
326
356
7
302
3, 961
873
1,670
2,154
294
58
155
1
56
165
15
80
81
27
16
4
3, 269
1,843
515
11
10
142
216
137
26
4
5
22
772
49
79
27
133
17
1
15
2,754
6,642
7, 254
1,083
185
12, 845
3, 000
2,314
486
531
845
1, 055
20
3G6
1,052
4, 920
1,007
1,002
2, 329
290
20
7
4
2
48
25
599
42
71
30
247
39
5
3,040
7,075
6,722
969
93
10, 552
2,000
2, 131
261
567
686
2,717
39
287
2,073
4,409
940
1,821
2,500
331
48
105
2
71
381
11
123
103
26
17
1
2, 995
1,602
311
18
2
5
3,823
8,530
9,326
827
25
7
6
4,714
9,612
9,964
908
227
16, 966
2,154
3,717
287
966
1,016
3,654
28
329
3, 853
4,318
1,189
3,004
3,992
530
64
166
7
135
667
32
140
155
40
16
9
3,585
2,162
444
39
8
4
1
46
38
270
39
22
75
406
329
5
15
1
2
15
3
5,241
9,261
9,137
796
144
28, 636
2, 677
7,020
533
664
680
1, 396
10
158
1,476
1,635
1,536
2,249
2,747
368
52
184
3
330
843
32
90
92
O"7
14
7
2, 442
1,513
409
47
8
6
1
44
40
342
56
51
55
297
123
3
7
2
7,647
10, 131
8,673
1,060
255
42, 636
4, 268
9,441
654
645
158
1,393
4
165
929
931
72
9
10
2
54 j
92
592 ;
109
60 ;
112 !
88 I
23 ;
1
70, 718
142, 846
130,411
14, 175
3,818
280, 796
43, 477
64, 276
7,171
6,507
5,007
17, 396
157
2,846
14, 175
34, 751
11, 735
22,486
30,518
3, 498
591
1,906
61
1,163
5,976
341
1,139
1,283
393
268
103
32,374
19,579
7, 002
105
101
356
1, 025
2,794
1,582
125
11, 826
142
444
60
859
111
130
20
I, 029
620
7,868
1, 242
931
412
2,171
1,268
25
255
16
8
271
39
3
2
o
1
2
54
21
180
37
13
36
60
49
149
1
10
4
42
1, 194
31
10
23
15
344
17
38
47
231
2
26
o
1
11
G
2
189
12, 986
2,175
2,710
296
918
950
5,741
42
327
3,508
6, 029
1,264
2,665
3, 921
426
62
62
22
321
23
18
CO
475
405
7
16
4
3
A
1
6
2
29
1
13
4
1,894
2,044
2,374
252
43
147
9
218
45
5
1
53
153
3
105
1
181
2
134
482
19
144
184
57
*-o
15
5
2
O.O
6
1
11
280
23
88
109
52
22
3
3,027
1, 6;>8
404
3
3
17
7
5
1
3
5
2
3
23
5
1
3
6
2
9
2
1,108
49
66
98
28
8
7
2,418
1,473
539
4
1
6
1
1
13
2
1
3
1
11
6
1
0
1
8
8
8
6
3,346
1,881
270
9
7
4
9
4
11
3
6
5
6
4
12
1
1
5
91
1
6
31
58
230
161
4
1, 363
5
4
37
84
206
126
0
1,335
1°
1
8
49
63
249
155
31
1,687
19
3
36
81
266
155
3
1,532
17
40
13
7
41
66
216
139
1
1, 434
19
4
35
1
1
o
1
1
2
97
7
1
2
100
3
1
128
2
104
2
52
207
138
10
1,150
14
58
5
4
111
866
7
3
14
3
1
80
o
3
6
7
63, 715 1, 603
59, 737
1,612 57, 668
1,589
76, 957
2,013
82, 401
1,871
85,668
1,51)1 105,603
2,147
1, 019, 717 24, 939
454
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE LXXI.— UNITED STATES ARMY— Continued.
YEAH
18(>3.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOliER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
567,760.
603, 105.
575, 675.
589, 056.
596, 223.
LIST OP DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. I
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
95, 529
31
143
2,103
34
30
18
29
117
1,141
49
631
82
40
2
2,749
15
4
122, 925
18
197
1, 977
3,310
19
6
04, 350
18
160
1,321
2,535
15
8
89, 443
19
158
1,114
2,064
17
6
75, 721
13
179
1,025
1,855
14
3
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
OIIDEK I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
52. Headache
5
11
1
52
32
11
26
97
3,325
4
34
7
4
1
42
31
7
19
99
1,102
13
4
89
1,088
50
12
131
18
8
1,479
60
87
45
3
18
5
49
14
8
21
94
1,121
25
14
1
1
13
7
4
4
5
16
7
74
404
86
24
12
21
9
57
79
165
20
4
5
4
4
49
2
2
a • 7
10
108
17
8
1,693
30
65
39
58
47
19
98
6
OUDEH II.— Diseases of Eye.
16
1, 570
1,739
1,808
50
253
44
105
126
24
226
44
183
42
69
n ami a
43
108
114
39
145
OltDER 111. — Diseases of Ear.
75
63
31
88
230
4
86
]5
9
12
3
152
30
204
547
24
124
337
2
88
8
15
15
10
8
206
336
299
OKDEK IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
6
115
13
3
35
8
9
205
4
20
5
o
4
2
3
83
10
4
19
6
7
14"
1
10
1
2
o
2
23
3
4
4
81
11
7
28
10
20
5
7
2
14
5
1
1
165
144
28
128
159
100
33
194
1,783
370
3
47
205
473
381
81
241
1,763
2,354
618
5
128
811
3
72
55
389
10
87
19
205
82
82 Other Diseases of this Order
7
24
191
1,560
403
13
52
169
402
466
96
225
2,233
0 Cjgg
6
8
7
198
3, 805
522
12
39
411
1,081
601
92
869
1,207
2, 324
190
8
94
634
4
2
11
7
1
OllUEU V. — Diseases of llespiratory Organs.
83. Asthma
84. Acute Bronchitis
1,310
341
8
49
161
410
361
102
208
2,116
3,017
1, 101
7
115
807
2
35
55
3
11
5
10
1
o
1
72
4
4
6
3
3
5
2
2, 951
463
7
3°
3
6
86. Dropsy of Chest
87. Haemorrhage from Nose
4
91
8
5
2
1
1
90
2
6
1
2
4
1
3
1
246
721
484
77
717
1,482
2,007
290
7
106
649
1
110
8
4
9
1
4
187
6
3
3
89. Inflammation of Lungs
90. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Hemorrhage from Lungs
92. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
94. Constipation
1
1
8
1
10
1, 194
20
146
1,014
14
3
11
1
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
1
4
2
2
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
39
58
401
16
1
1
43
36
352
16
37
101. Fistula in Ano
43
102. Hernia
403
8
1
2
436
10
1
103. II.Temorrhage from Stomach
o
114, 022
3,015 ' 142, 690
3,599
120, 345
2,761
105, 632
2,319
93, 800
2,171
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.
TABLE LXXL— UNITED STATES ARMY— Continued.
455
1803.
18G4.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FKURUARY. MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
(i30, 834.
604, 432.
636,148.
680, 034.
696, 539.
641, 376.
615,258. 61P, ?rs.
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
9C
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
9D
100
101
10-2
103
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. ' Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
63, 715
17
162
1,016
41
29
7
27
72
1,273
52
1,603
19
5
59, 737
18
168
1,202
1,612
13
6
57, 668
13
192
1, 035
1,589
14
8
76, 957
20
273
1,328
?,013
13
9
82, 401
20
245
1, 449
53
18
26
20
124
1,871
15
11
85, 668
14
198
1,549
40
<wO
10
11
68
1 201
1,591
8
8
2
30
19
4
1
105, 603
20
195
1, 920
43
29
17
107
1,333
643
87
44
18
2,070
30
313
55
2,147
17
8
2
34
20
4
1
1
4
22 :
13 '
1, 019, 717
221
2, 270
17, 039
500
306
171
257
1,212
14, 709
640
2,388
1,050
331
150
21,772
24, 939
179
82
I !
31
8
9
3
40
26
12
87
1,238
45
6
57
24
1
36
33
8
5
o
3
39
32
10
20
85
1, 160
40
2
58
22
1
41
27
7
45
32
23
113
1,327
53
3
55
37
11
2,031
70
86
35
45
45
8
21
368
222
54
16
4
55
73
108
38
26
4
1
3
1,400
10
9
48
16
91
37
12
4
o
16
51
590
57
°7
5
7
C
79
14
1,557
45
41
43
35
93
133
299
5
78
18
6
27
6
5
166
86
21
211
4,709
714
12
35
471
1,539
728
96
945
1,063
2,155
188
8
74
630
3
34
44
37G
12
5
5
6
21
23
12
14
1,737
57
1,769
39
76
22
2,234
48
157
2,085
50
306
35
61
62
1 854
46
511
450
1,331
500
0 175
1
120
39
128
40
245
187
58
313
178
3
91
10
6
31
6
9
178
91
154
87
283
122
4
144
13
2
48
10
7
217
97
55
158
128
55
145
1
239
275
184
1
97
10
6
28
8
4
102
66
4
140
14
3
15
6
8
109
80
14
145
1,008
305
10
67
180
700
495
154
152
1,900
3,627
709
5
64
802
2 975
2
13
2
5
3
5
109
8
6
33
3
4
157
3
17
1
3
1
17
5
1
10
6
2
115
5
4
12
16
3
184
120
1
10
6
2
4
i !
i
43
1,227
141
71
303
94
07
2 126
15
190
41
24
64
24
4
14
5
1
7
1
14
2
1
6
4
1
7
3
1
14
6
1
74
81
24
154
5, 090
620
10
40
480
2,210
812
81
1,128
773
2) 372
76
11
59
571
113
49
173
4, G84
717
7
37
541
2,046
930
102
1,330
1, 084
3,110
157
61
645
1
31
68
449
13
1 217
o
7
15
o
22
220
5, 517
627
8
44
669
2,417
1, 024
121
1,309
906
2, 330
99
6
71
690
2
37
55
3
4
]7
14
3
1
8
400
21
2
13
2
o
9
3
31
12
3
24
213
5,562
782
8
67
703
2,999
933
121
1,486
878
2,983
104
3
46
697
2
24
4'5
11
1
52
16
4
4
124
1, 942
379
8
65
6
o
10
14
5
7
12
1
284
2,150
39, 921
0, 303
112
574
4,580
10, 102
7, 844
1, 230
8,871
10, 973
32, 007
5,149
87
1,035
8, 592
13
422
598
4, 884
148
72
15
180
134
14
4
52
4,055
180
61
160
16
5
56
9
59
11
31
12
1
1
7
914
40
10
64
3
254
7
4
8
1
3
2
3
2
10
548
20
4
18
3
5
828
27
8
20
1
4
338
1,104
629
113
255
1,502
2,740
363
4
359
25
6
8
o
4
4
202
12
5
7
1
1
12
2
1
5
1
2
1
5
1
6
1
71
630
6
4
1
24
52
1
29
17
38
548
15
3
1
9
10
51
1
2
345
10
1
356
13
391
12
101,764
1
1
1
o
438
13
1.
1
1
1
83, 265
2, 038 *-,', 2J3
2,250
78, 279
2,394
3,329
105, 352
2,978
103, 696
2,157
125, 272
2,579
1,256 340
31,590
456
SICKNESS AND MOETALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE LXXL— UNITED STATES ARMY— Concluded.
YEAU
1808.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
567, 760.
603, 105.
575, 675.
589, 056.
596, 223.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
htfon-ard
114, 022
68
577
152
151
12
219
170
935
1, 397
188
60
13
31
12
36
189
56
65
18
28
11
12
108
4
24
21
2
1,315
2,575
3,015
C
3
27
13
7
7
19
142, 690
109
555
151
159
22
276
187
1,022
1,408
212
57
14
37
5
48
220
72
86
27
3,599
10
3
21
39
7
13
4
10
120, 345
57
618
156
104
45
193
1,044
1,405
2,761
6
3
15
28
9
5
11
8
105, 632
55
778
113
63
14
177
142
975
1,321
119
36
18
48
6
2,319
2
1
15
15
12
2
4
6
93, 800
23
1,178
67
65
14
202
116
937
1, 218
109
49
35
32
5
32
2,171
4
1
8
15
8
6
1
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
lt«' T ®m°rriage f°T .j.
' " ' 10 °.
' n ' a !
)')' A" 8 -TV000 f f L" - r
in' n°U 6- • f f L' •
111
11° Piles
11
3
154
62
5
3
5
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
13
23
6
35
202
55
92
. 23
1
3
2
4
3
1
4
1
7
5
1
154
50
81
19
27
10
25
52
1
155
64
70
31
32
26
13
1~2 Hydroeele
123 Other Diseases of this Order
1
43
12
36
79
8
45
2
2
OKDEIJ VIII. — Diseases of Hones and Joints.
20
35
71
5
25
14
10
1,493
2 689
2
30
19
13
1,206
1 ('85
1
13
29
1
129. Necrosis
1
1
6
14
12
2,191
3,989
230
640
509
279
970
23
1
23
- 9
1
130. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
131. Abscess
4
2
3
1, 256
1 935
2
132. Boils
133. Carbuncle
225
3;>0
172
136
285
1
133
331
374
295
901
134. Whitlow
338
135. Skin Diseases
433
219
921
22
374
186
858
10
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
5
5
6
34
153
974
18
3
o
5
10
11
2
137. Contusions
2
2
31
138. Concussion of Brain
5
26
139. Drowning
11
140. Sprains
764
55
807
53
726
779
141. Dislocation
33
105
38
8,905
280
206
76
62
118
39
98
20
1,889
375
116
96
42
114
37
121
28
6,382
454
148
83
29
91
142. Simple Fractures
137
79
13, 122
346
212
93
116
142
3
1,255
7
6
3
100
13
922
385
154
104
189
123
3
24
486
5
5
1
1
22
7
1
9
460
o
1
o
8
708
2
5
1
3
15
1
8
615
143. Compound Fractures
144. Gunshot Wounds
145. Incised Wounds
146. Lacerated Wounds
1
4
4
10
3
1
3
147. Punctured Wounds
148. Poisoning
2
17
2
3
5
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
30
5
10
o
150. ORDER II. — Homicide
151. ORDER III.— Suicide
1
1
152. ORDER IV.— Execution of Sentence
11
Total
139, 697 4, 507
159, 347
4,342
141, 718
3,397
118, 610
3,160
111, 989
2,904
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.
457
TABLE LXXL— UNITED STATES ARMY— Concluded.
1803.
18(54.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCII.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
630, 834.
604, 432.
636,148.
680, 034.
696, 539.
641, 376.
615, 258.
619, 703.
104
105
10G
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
140
147
148
149
150
151
152
Cases.
Deaths,
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
83, 265
15
1,527
101
70
10
168
123
776
1,179
93
57
23
37
5
157
44
73
19
26
22
. 42
66
3
36
24
9
1,298
2,004
148
344
4CO
267
1,079
15
2,038
1
82, 223
51
1,801
131
62
16
132
111
562
1,004
227
44
20
34
2
4*2
2,250
3
3
13
13
10
4
6
1
78, 279
25
2,128
111
66
34
165
112
484
875
127
68
28
38
7
51
182
55
77
30
33
2,394
101, 764
30
2,546
139
75
179
116
515
1,075
127
57
3,329
1
3
4
14
9
8
6
o
105, 352
24
2,179
130
77
15
167
143
561
1,140
283
62
23
30
10
108
203
64
89
17
31
26
27'
92
8
34
24
2,978
5
5
13
17
15
4
7
3
103, 696
48
1,030
104
70
15
168
111
609
1,228
2,157
1
2
11
16
5
2
5
125, 272
40
689
128
111
15
174
134
637
1,410
172
85
2,579
6
5
8
15
12
4
2
5
4
5
1, 256, 340
565
15, 606
1,483
1,073
234
2,248
1,658
9,057
14, 720
1,919
702
227
381
74
605
2,191
671
971
2'J6
395
205
338
867
88
355
242
155
14,688
26, 301
1,842
4, 443
8,500
2,853
13, 145
234
31, S90
45
30
132
£37
124
65
66
67
4
43
1
8
35
1
1
6
15
7
6
8
1
6
18
6
1
8
5
3
2
2
1
2
1
108
65
11
15
3
59
142
44
67
27
28
13
14
55
7
12
16.
5
899
1,631
102
282
1,085
202
1,313
35
1
2
5
2
5
1
3
16
27
13
83
173
60
112
1
2
13
29
1
2
1
51
228
43
69
26
4
1
186
64
90
27
52
24
34
59
10
45
18
18
925
1,785
2
2
1
6
1
5
4
5
45
5
32
36
16
33
79
4
24
31
9
1
1
1
18
2
4
1
3
34
13
30
51
14
24
16
39
873
2,092
360
276
1,154
185
1,283
30
2
37
83
10
27
1
1
1
1
1
3
o
2
3
4
2
42
3
1
1
1
1
°2
1
12
938
1,630
125
17
1,224
2,105
146
409
1,282
257
1,323
18
2
2
1,070
1,881
137
481
843
254
1,259
13
4
1
3
5
9
1
128
395
342
829
291
1,092
16
883
265
1,172
13
1
5
7
18
26
36
52
288
1
1
14
174
9,238
53
36
30
31
263
43
59
46
1
3
3
10
1
3
3
4
18
1
1
8
39
9
7
4
4
38
1
1
1
26
1,155
59
98
18
738
609
176
102
47
227
1, 093
1,160
69
1°3
1,404
71
118
23
569
674
166
112
23
155
1,501
98
140
21
2,727
646
154
139
40
101
1,028
894
50
106
155
23, 919
351
231
111
157
156
689
1,.343
585
96, 970
5,689
2,234
1,134
853
2,569
73
98
18
567
652
189
74
40
911
1
8
131
4
3
6
3
12
3
5
2
1
7
176
2
3
1
3
17
2
9
11
99
151
35, 581
343
300
95
91
160
2
50
1,493
3
6
1
2
36
4
12
1
5
445
4
3
5
0*7
5
5
4
9
190
6
21
1, 6"49
574
1S2
69
17
271
5
152
4
3
3
4
18
4
3
29
3,127
14
1
4
1
40
3
4
1
3
3
19
3
2
96, 851
2,622
96, 265
2,583
92,681
2,680
116, 646
3,623
123, 247
3,326
151, 219
3,891
161, 730
5,934
1, 510, OCO
42, 969
58
458 SICKNESS AND MOETALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
SUPPLEMENT TO THE TABLES OF THE THIRD FISCAL YEAR,
On account of the great interest attaching to the Atlanta campaign it has been
thought desirable to add a supplementary table, in which are consolidated all reports for
May and June, 1864, received from such of the troops belonging to the Military Division
of the Mississippi as were engaged in the operations from Chattanooga southward. (See
remarks on Table LX, page 363.)
This supplement will serve as an introduction to Table LXXXV, (Military Division
of the Mississippi, Part II, year ending June 30, 1865.) It is to be borne in mind,
however, that the regimental reports here consolidated, have been included in the tables
already presented for the Departments of the Ohio, the Cumberland, and the Tennessee for
the same months.
DURING THE MONTHS OF MAY AND JUNE, 18G4.
459
TABLE LXX1L— SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality of the Military Division of the Mississippi for
the months of May and June, 1864.
YEAR
1864.
MOVTH
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
142, 206.
141, 749.
141, 978.
LIST OP DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
108
4
142
8
1
1
177
1
229
18
285
5
371
26
1
2
1
' 7
1,444
1,955
1,802
163
46
5,325
558
2,336
120
97
75
113
8
8
178
98
253
252
2,173
2,490
2,075
321
48
7,264
819
3,003
206
122
16
15
6
3,617
4,445
3,877
484
94
12, 589
1,377
5,339
326
219
91
128
8
14
243
178
733
422
6C8
62
4
45
3
51
999
56
12
2
1
6
14
918
455
109
6
. Quo i ia" Fever
2
4
1
4
9
2
6
6
1
7
13
2
8
6
1
3
4
2
6
1
18 Diphtheria
6
65
80
480
170
234
20
2
16
2
8
636
41
19 Mumps
1
1
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22 Syphilis
434
42
2
29
1
43
3G3
15
12
1
1
6
4
401
236
52
24 Orchitis -
27 Serpeut Bite
28 Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
1
34 Oth°r Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35 Gout
10
497
219
57
1
1
39. General Dropsy
1
3
9
22
9
1
7
9
47
19
41. Tumors
4
42. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
43. Consumption
25
10
44. Scrofula
45. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
4G. Itch
78
3
60
138
3
5
48. Other Intestinal Worms
5
49. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
16, 872
29
21, fi07
52
38,479
81
460
SICKNESS AND MOETALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE LXXIL— SUPPLEMENTAEY TABLE— Continued.
YRAK
1864.
MONTH
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
MEAN STBENGTH
142, 206.
141, 749.
141, 978.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
forward
16, 872
29
294
9
3
29
2
1
21, 607
3
42
384
16
5
2
4
30
31C
7
130
3
5
1
266
8
123
2
52
o
1
38, 479
5
71
678
25
8
o
8
42
575
16
204
3
5
1
538
16
278
6
5
27
13
48
4
81
4
o
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
OKDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
r r y
rf) l * y
•
1
1
2
r_ . . f B '
r .
4
12
259
9
74
58 1 i
-S-
1
1
OKDEK II. — Diseases of Eye.
63 Cataract
272
8
155
4
5
14
6-
18
2
OUDEK III. — Diseases of Ear.
13
7
30
o
72 Other Diseases of this Order
OllDEK IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
73. Aneurism .
74. Valvular Disease of Heart
8
7
2
1
15
2
1
75. Dropsy from Heart Disease
1
1
2
3
1
79. Inflammation of Veins
80. Varicose Veins
31
13
1
26
231
24
10
1
25
205
42
1
1
24
142
129
16
33
479
530
167
55
23
2
52
436
78
1
13
53
352
?25
34
56
835
983
255
81. Varicocele
82. Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
OUDEH V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
83. Asthma
84. Acute Bronchitis
85. Chronic Bronchitis
36
86. Dropsy of Chest
87. Haemorrhage from Nose
12
29
210
96
18
23
356
453
88
88. Inflammation of Lary nx
89. Inflammation of Lungs
3
4
7
90. Inflammation of Pleura
91. Haemorrhage from Lungs
. 92. Other Diseases of this Order
OKUEH VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
93. Colic
94. Constipation
95. Cholera Morbus
l'
1
2
96. Cirrhosis of Liver
97. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
7
108
9
118
16
226
98. Dvspepsia
99. Diseases of Pancreas
100. Diseases of Spleen
6
6
56
3
1
8
64
1
7
14
120
4
101. Fistula in Ano
102. Hernia
103. Hemorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
19, 670
39
25,048
62
44, 918
101
DURING THE MONTHS OF MAY AND JUNE, 1864.
461
TABLE LXXIL— SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE— Concluded.
YEAlt
1804.
MAT.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
MEAN STRENGTH
142, 206.
141, 749.
141, 978.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
19, 870
9
100
6
19
3
29
11
6G
214
6
11
3
o
4
23
7
5
3
1
2
1
7
39
25, 048
5
77
8
14
1
40
11
100
202
62
44, 918
14
177
14
33
4
69
166
416
23
26
4
7
o
9
74
15
17
6
9
3
4
14
o
6
5
24
324
554
29
57
424
98
466
40
101
ORDER VI. — Diseaset of Digestive Organs — Continued.
1
o
1
2
1
1
11° Piles
17
15
1
5
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
5
51
8
12
3
8
1
3
7
g
4
3
24
178
344
15
27
201
122 Hydrocele
123. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
2
130. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDEK IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System,
146
210
132. Hoils
133 Carbuncle . -.
14
30
223
54
205
22
134. Whitlow
135. Skin Diseases
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
136. Burns
44
261
18
1
1
1
1
162
4
10
43
8,254
53
52
15
8
23
148
5
11
80
5,765
61
54
15
20
13
310
9
123
14, 019
114
10G
30
28
36
143. Compound Fractures '
1
188
1
426
2
238
2
147. Punctured Wounds
1
2
1
6
2
2
149. Other Accidents and Injuries
4
2
2
150. ORDBU II. — Homicide
151. ORDER III. — Suiaide
15° ORDFR IV Execution of Sentence
Total
29, 936
239
32, 935
309
62, 871
548
462
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS DURING THE FOURTH
FISCAL YEAR,
(FROM JULY 1, 1864, TO JUNE 30, 1865.)
ATLANTIC REGION.
The reports received from troops in this region are consolidated into statistical tables
for eight armies or departments, as follows :
1. The Department of the East -
2. The Middle Department
3. The Department of Washington -
4. The Middle Military Division
5. The Army of the Potomac -
6. The Department of Virginia
7. The Department of North Carolina
8. The Department of the South
To these tables are added —
9. A table showing the mortality in the general hospitals of
the Atlantic Region
10. A consolidated table for the Atlantic Region
LXXIII.
LXXIV.
LXXV.
LXXVI.
LXXVII.
LXXVIII.
LXXIX.
LXXX,
Table LXXXI.
Table LXXXII.
1. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST — TABLE LXXIII.
This table embraces the reports received from troops in the New England States and
in the Middle States, not including the State of Delaware. Officially the boundaries
of the Department of the East were the same as during the year ending Jane 30, 1864;
the State of Pennsylvania, which is here included, being embraced in the Department
of the Susquehanna, until December 1, 1864, after which that Department was designated
the Department of Pennsylvania.
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865. 463
2. THE MIDDLE DEPARTMENT — TABLE LXXIV.
Tiiis table embraces the reports received from troops in the State of Delaware, the
eastern shore of Virginia, and those portions of the State of Maryland east of Hancock
which are not embraced in the Department of Washington, or occupied by portions of the
army under the immediate command of General Sheridan. (See remarks on Table
LXXVI.) Officially the boundaries of the department remained the same as during the
previous year. General E. 0. C. Ord was assigned to command, July 11, 1864. After
August 7, 1864, the Middle Department formed a part of the Middle Military Division.
3. THE DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON — TABLE LXXV.
This table embraces the reports received from troops within the boundaries indicated
in the remarks on Tables XXVII and L. There was no change in the official limits
of the department during the present year.
4. THE MIDDLE MILITARY DIVISION — TABLE LXXVI.
The Middle Military Division was created by General Orders No. 240, August 7, 1864,
to consist of the Middle Department, the Department of Washington, the Department
of the Susquehanna, and the Department of West Virginia, General P. H. Sheridan to
command. In preparing these tables the Middle Department and the Department of
Washington have been separately presented, and the troops within the limits of the
Department of the Susquehanna have been consolidated with the Department of the East.
The present table, therefore, has been made to embrace simply the Department of West
Virginia and the troops operating under the immediate command of General Sheridan in
the Shenandoah valley. This disposition of the Department of West Virginia is rendered
necessary by the intimate connection between the operations of the Army of West
Virginia and those of other troops, under General Sheridan, in the Shenandoah valley.
The movements of General Early, threatening Washington, led to the 6th Corps
being sent thither from the Army of the Potomac July 6th, and the first and second
divisions of the 19th Corps, recently from the Department of the Gulf, also arrived there
from the 13th to the 29th of the same month. After General Early retired, these troops
followed him to the Shenandoah valley, uniting with a force belonging to the Department
of West Virginia, and reinforcements from other sources. It has therefore been found
convenient to consolidate the reports from the 6th Corps, and the portions of the 19th
referred to, with those from the Department of West Virginia for the month of July in
the present table, although the Middle Military Division was not organized until the
following month.
464 SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
Amono- the chief eno-ao-ements during General Sheridan's operations in the Shenandoah
valley may be mentioned that at Opequan creek, September 19th, that at Fisher's hill,
September 22d, and that of Cedar creek, October 19, 1864.
Early in December the 6th Corps was transferred to the Army of the Potomac, with
which its reports are consolidated for that month and subsequently.
Towards the close of February, 1865, General Sheridan moved up the Shenandoah
valley with the 1st and 3d Cavalry divisions of his army, and effected a junction with the
Army of the Potomac near City Point, March 26th. The reports of these divisions for
February and March are embraced in the present table ; subsequently they are consolidated
with the Army of the Potomac.
5. THE AEMY OF THE POTOMAC — TABLE LXXVII
At the commencement of the year the Army of the Potomac was still before
Petersburg The operations against that place were continued until April 2, 1865, when
General Lee abandoned his defensive works and surrendered, April 9th, near Appomattox
Court-house. The Army of the Potomac was subsequently marched to the vicinity of
Washington, where, after the review of May 22d, its muster-out commenced.
6. THE DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA — TABLE LXXVIII.
j
The boundaries of this department continue the same as during previous years. (See
remarks on Tables XXIX and LII.) Officially united with North Carolina, it formed
the Department of Virginia and North Carolina until January 12, 1865, when the State
of North Carolina was transferred to the Department of the South and the Department of
Virginia restored. General E. 0. C. Ord was assigned to the command, February 6, 1865.
The portion of the troops of this department constituting the Army of the James,
continued to cooperate with the Army of the Potomac in the siege of Petersburg until the
fall of that place. The troops composing the expedition against Fort Fisher, in December,
1864, were from this Department, as were also those of the second expedition in January.
Fort Fisher was captured January 15, 1865, and the troops of the expedition which
remained there are embraced for subsequent months in the Department of North Carolina.
7. THE DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA — TABLE LXXIX.
This table includes the reports received from troops stationed in North Carolina,
which State was embraced in the Department of Virginia and North Carolina until
January 12, 1865, when it was transferred to the Department of the South. January 31st,
the Department of North Carolina was created to consist of the State of North Carolina,
and General J. M. Schofield assigned to command. During the latter part of the month
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865. 4G5
of January, the Army of the Ohio had been transferred from the West, arid is embraced
in the table for February and subsequent months. Wilmington, North Carolina, was
occupied February 22d. General Schofield subsequently moved from Newborn by way
of Kingston to Goldsboro, which he entered March 21st, and effected a junction with the
Army of General Sherman.
8. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH- — TABLE LXXX.
The boundaries of this department continued as during the previous year, with the
exception of the temporary transfer during January of the State of North Carolina — a
change which has been disregarded in constructing the table.
The district of Savannah is embraced in the table for January and subsequent months.
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXIIL
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YFAR
1864.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
7, 238.
9, 231.
13, 648.
9, 542.
10, 102.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
12
o
24
2
13
2
20
1
1
2
1
14
7
3
3. Typho-Malarial Fever
4. Yellow Fever
27
39
5-1
6
1
391
53
53
1
10
1
7
40
41
97
5
29
158
124
14
146
34
1
1
201
38
18
7
6
6
7
21
115
6. Quotidian Intermittent Fever
85
3
1
9. Congestive Intermittent Fever
452
300
36
51
175
44
20
9
7
21
40
83
7
10
3
4
1
1
5
7
20
1
1
11
1
2
2
1
59
34
146
120
5
o
6
4
13
109
7
166
147
16
62
50
158
103
59
144
190
13
0
131
45
ORDER II. — Enthetio Diseases.
121
127
125
22
14
1
4
22
3
1
4
6
1
1
4
3
2
3
1
6
4
OllDER lll.—Dietic Diseases.
29 Scurvy . . .
1
11
29
11
13
36
3
7
31
o
13
4
3
o
2
°3
34. Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
1
77
46
43
10
48
29
°1
88
25
77
34
8
37. Chronic Rheumatism
24
2
o
39. Cancer
40. Tumors
1
o
o
2
41. Other Diseases of this Order
1
10
4
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
2
5
7
1
14
3
1
1
1
3
1
43. Scrofula
44. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch
2G
29
37
24
39
46. Tape-worm
47. Other Intestinal Worms
3
48. Other Diseases of this Order
1,276
4
1,399
7
1,485
2
1,138
5
1,156 11
DURING THE TYEAE ENDING JUNE 30, 18C5.
467
TABLE LXX1IL
of the Department of the East.
1864.
1865.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
9, 630.
8, 699.
11, 505.
13, 6J 0.
12, 392.
12, 275.
13, 489.
10, 947.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
24
B5
26
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
22
2
12
3
9
2
1
9
3
2
o
16
2
5
3
6
3
16
2
3
o
173
19
6
27
6
1
1
1
1
8
59
34
9
13
18
26
33
28
39
45
58
50
1
40
63
63
13
2
207
17
12
41
58
96
14
43
5(>
354
842
760
C7
9
2,915
383
343
54
178
95
246
13
69
208
1,319
1
58
15
1
1
161
22
13
6
15
C
3
1
9
11
153
17
167
143
19
1
88
12
8
4
11
4
27
125
179
24
8
1
20
14
45
177
13
18
4
459
2 i
3
61
53
6
8
2
1
14
1
2
6
1
o
21
27
4
15
37
3
18
83
5
1
7
21
1
5
25
5
2
13
2
3
5
39
118
48
184
137
30
3
1
1
1
11
54
36
80
80
9
4
12
6
104
18
102
11
23
97
20
127
117
18
4
1
7
75
1
1
189
82
247
185
34
3
140
46
170
135
11
1
1
3
4
9
462
1,812
1,612
18
100
8
216
24
1
1
20
1
2
3
1
1
4
1
6
21
42
3
5
7
13
5
8
9
2
18
4
1
14
7
8
8
2
7
6
4
1
2
120
8
4
1
116
174
28
6
C,
973
6
1
1
1
2
1
93
33
55
85
104
9G
35
15
84
43
1
0
20
1
28
1
34
373
86
5
11
13
89
53
13
12
1
1
1
9
4
1
1
2
1
3
U
4
1
3
1
4
8
8
6
1
45
1
8
4
o
1
1
1
9
7
0
7
5
1
3
1
15
3
543
57
54
63
93
41
35
o
5
1
1
1,099
7
749
9
967
9
1,281
11
1,668
23
1, 267
16
1,262
6 \ 14,747
110
468
SICKNESS AND MOETALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXIII.— DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST— Continued.
YE vu
18(54.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
7, 238.
9, 231.
13, 648.
9, 542.
10, 102.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases, j Deaths.
rd
1,276
4
1,399
7
1,485
2
1,138
5
1,156
11
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
49. Apoplexy
16
6
41
13
23
9
18
1
10
60
1
1
50. Epilepsy
1
1
1
1
1
4
26
1
2
31
1
1
5
20
2
07
19
1
1
4
3
1
9
2
5
1
o
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
1
23
22
1
23
o
14
20
1
1
6
o
5
2
3
2
8
1
2
ORDER 111. — Diseases of Ear.
3
2
2
3
5
5
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
9
1
1
1
8
1
6
1
4
1
74 D™1)35- of Pcric-mlium
* J . _
o
o
76 InfHir n of End< nrdium
1
1
7
2
2
7
8
16
2
o
80. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
3
34
7
5
42
11
45
1
4
57
9
5
74
20
9
84. Dropsy of Chest
85. Haemorrhage from Nose
1
3
7
8
o
1
9
14
14
o
3
2
38
86. Inflammation of Larynx
1
9
9
1
1
35
103
3°
6
12
3
i
87. Inflammation of Lungs
1
88. Inflammation of Pleura
89. Haemorrhage from Lungs
6
6
3
90. Other Diseases of this Order
1
25
4
14
62
1
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
91. Colic
20
75
37
1
1
68
92. Constipation
87
18
93. Cholera Morbus
1
94. Cirrhosis of Liver
1
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
2
53
3
27
21
1
63
97. Diseases of Pancreas
98. Diseases of Spleen
1
1
8
2
1
26
99. Fistula in Ano
1
9
1
100. Hernia
12
9
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach
3
0
1, 690
4
1,864
9
1,927
6
1,440
5
1,568
14
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
4G9
TABLE LXXIIL— DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST— Continued.
1864.
1805.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
9, 636.
8, 699.
11, 505.
13, 610.
12, 392. 12, 275.
13, 489.
10, 947.
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
80
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
9C
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1,099
7
749
9
967
3
10
27
2
9
1
1,281
11
1
1,668
23
1, 267
Ifi
1,262
6
14, 747
3
107
4G5
7
0
6
6
13
357
14
20
14
7
2
?57
110
4
72
4
24
19
49
1
7
35
4
33
61
1
1
9
1
2
o
5
3
1
1
1
29
1
30
1
30
1
26
1
35
1
51
33
1
0
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
o
3
2
1
1
1
1
29
2
1
29
5
13
1
18
1
15
3
41
6
10
2
1
4
4
23
o
18
37
14
74
o
4
4
2
4
4
4
2
0
1
1
2
12
7
1
7
2
4
6
8
8
1
1
5
1
3
3
1
1
4
5
50
4
o
7
7
1
50
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
6
2
1
5
94
25
2
4
0
1
1
1
3
3
155
29
3
1
1
C4
18
20
14
51
981
207
3
3
130
1
6
150
25
5
4
46
20
1
90
14
20
1
13
28
7
o
3
15
1
1
10
42
23
3
29
°9
3
6
31
29
0
161
39
131
8
13
108
294
189
31
475
281
1
13
29
9
5
23
15
56
1
S7
3
19
7
5
1
2
36
43
1
1
4
6
1
29
0
1
1
17
2
1
3
1
25
20
37
3
159
19
61
34
20
42
58
127
145
<1')7
3
15
116
o
20
569
3
7
14
139
9
3
32
0
5
56
1
2
50
o
28
42
3
58
71
1
4
14
3
2
15
i r
3
6
6
9
1°
13
0
1
1,898
1,564
10
1,168
15 1, 659
18
23
2,435
31
1,822
17
1,803
8
20,858
160
470
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXIII.— DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST— Concluded.
1
YEAH
18t)4.
MONTH
JULT.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
7, 238.
9, 231.
13, 648.
9, 542.
10, 102.
LIST OK DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
0
1,690
4
1,864
9
1,927
6
1,440
5
1,568
14
ORDKR VI.— Distaus of Digestive Organs— Continued.
34
33
1
3
33
4
1
60
1
2
JOO
1
1
4
o
5
3
o
„
1
17
35
C
35
4
30
1
3
23
15
7
1
1
10
19
11
2
7
5
5
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
0
1
<• i • K f I'
5
2
5
ll!; I • •"•« "• f T -ti
o
5
o
>f K'di
0
26
f Bl Id '
3
2
1
1
1
. 1
5
3
6
1
1
3
2
1
ORDEH VIII. — Diseases of Hones and Joints.
1
123 Caries
C
o
o
1
1
1
7
2
1
13
29
1
3
44
OUL)EH IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
129. Abscess
20
44
5
10
19
50
8
31
23
2
43
1
130. Boils
35
131. Carbuncle
3
10
28
17
CO
4
11
53
15
5
!
132. Whitlow
4
59
10
78
133. Skin Diseases ,
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
3
4°
54
136. Concussion of Brain
137. Drowning '
•
138. Sprains
40
3
40
or>
39
51
1
131). Dislocation
140. Simple Fractures
9
6
1
99
9
21
4
1
95
11
1°
141. Compound Fractures
1
95
11
9
3
142. Gunshot Wounds
1(14
24
1
1
1
o
51
9
7
6
3
143. Incised Wounds
144. Lacerated Wounds. ..
11
21
14.r>. Punctured Wounds. ...
0
140. Poisoning
3
3
8
11
1
5
1
3
147. Other Accidents and Injuries
5
1
1
1
148. ORDKU II. — Homicide
149. ORDF.U III.— Suicide
1
1
150. ORDER IV.— Execution of Sentence .
Total
j
2,152
G
2,300
12
2,397
8
1,924
9
2,116
17
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
471
TABLE LXXIII— DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST— Concluded.
1804.
1805.
DECEMBER.
JANUAKY.
FEBHL'AUY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
9,636.
8, 699.
11, 505.
13, 610.
12, 392.
12, 275.
13, 489.
10, 947.
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
deaths. Cases.
Jeaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
1,584
10
1,108
2
1°5
15
1, 659
1
146
18
1,898
23
2,435
3
166
1
1
31
1, 822
17
1,803
8
20,858
6
1,101
14
21
160
107
o
156
3
3
73
1
3
46
1
1
1
1
1
2
5
1
17
10
7
4
3
1
1
6
4
8
7
27
28
18
135
°56
1
15
2
4
11
7
o
3
6
27
12
109
20
6
22
18
2
110
9
10
2
16
7
4
111
112
113
114
15
102
°7
2
1
3
12
13
5
23
C4
22
32
12
5
9
4
19
2
13
9
4
212
522
70
106
564
01
4
1
115
116
117
o
5
3
5
0
1
7
o
7
4
4
2
o
4
1
1
o
118
119
1
5
3
1
3
o
4
1
2
1
1
1
o
3
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
1
1
1
1
2
g
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
o
1
2
1
1
2
2
15
45
1
14
48
8
9
64
15
67
21
34
10
4
44
7
34
18
30
3
15
16
69
6
13
59
4
49
1
29
23
' 49
3
45
1
15
44
11
33
14
0
47
4
46
67
3
43
1
54
64
613
3
1
1
50
2
6
1
68
13
9
1
1 ™
30
44
69
1
3
3
26
20
51
3
6
3
41
11
8
4
43
0
512
19
52
750
160
133
49
18
117
4
4
41
4
7
1
„
2
1
43
8
11
2
1
5
3
3
20
27
1
1
1
15
1
67
13
16
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
C
3
1
5
16
3
3
15
5
16
28
16
3
1
2
2,135
11
1,623
17
2,185
19 2, 387
23 3, 034
33 I 2,320
19
2,254
11
26, 827
185
472
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXX1V.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1864.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
11, 737.
8, 761.
C, 830.
7, 512.
3,087.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
21
4
28
7
17
5
27
3
6
3
^*
35
1
30
59
1
15
97
102
142
1
120
172
74
119
214
167
16
3
463
21
20
7
12
7
35
27
36
48
10
198
99
197
1
4
716
4
42
1
11
1,044
8
80
3
9
5
21
2
1
2
2
1
618
18
86
3
9
12
62
63
14
9
0
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
• r J J
1
o
.
2
4
6
22
1
7
6
1
3
16
15
11
1
9
2
10
1
54
74
56
45
1
1
3
4
35
13
3
8
151
47
77
5
1
1
18
80
30
29
118
75
73
15
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22 Syphilis
24 Orchitis
13
7
3
27 Serpent Bite
ORDEH Tll.—Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
18
1
1
1
1
3
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens
1
2
1
1
1
1
32. Inebriation
2
33. Chronic Alcoholism
1
1
1
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Dialectic Diseases.
35. Gout
6
31
24
4
3C. Acute Rheumatism
25
40
28
6
24
20
2°
37. Chronic Rheumatism
45
38
1
38. Anaemia
7
39. Cancer
40. Tumors
1
1
41. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
3
o
4
1
2
1
3
1
5
43. Scrofula
44. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch
3
4
7
13
3
46. Tape-worm
47. Other Intestinal Worms
48. Other Diseases of this Order
6
3
Carried forward
1,619
12
2,057
17
1, 597
16
1,462
12
342
5
DUEING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
473
TABLE LXXIV.
of the Middle Department.
1864.
38(55-
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
3, 069.
4, 791.
5, 682.
6, 834.
8, 262.
9, 940.
4, 502.
6, 801.
Cases, j Deaths.
Cases. | Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. : Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. 'Deaths.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1C
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
2fi
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
6
1
o
5
1
10
1
8
3
19
6
20
1
8
7
2
177
1
153
40
1
5
1
3
1
1
6
2
1
11
59
47
24
23
137
33
59
59
36
44
29
50
146
80
6
30
87
47
678 1
1, 304
95
89
86
7
2
84
7
16
1,071
41
S4
3,642
132
390
14
99
77
24C
3
65
190
215
619
561
407
94
5
3
1
58
4
4
2
61
5
6
0
1
1
268
6
69
6
2
9
5
4
9
7
58
1
8
1
1
4
11
69
140
25
1
19
7
1
1
43
r
8
7
1
2
14
14
35
1
1
18
7
16
17
6
1
1
4
1
11
1
G
8
1
1
1
1
16
1
7
91
24
20
62
1
1
38
9
37
46
20
3
19
9
14
19
' 18
8
2
3
r
10
29
34
20
4
14
7
48
7
19
49
26
3
66
60
21
41
15
3
8
10
1
1
1
1
5
1
49
12
17
2
1
6
452
340
36
1
4
6
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
o
1
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
4(
47
48
27
34
6
24
47
30
OS
54
61
12
91
21
1
°5
20
24
i 2
1
3
o
1
5
1
1
4
1
1
8
2
o
1
3
1
4
37
14
7
3
|
7
8
14
13
17
94
1
10
385
H
502
o
471
10
648
9
596
6
947
5
693
3
11,319
105
60
474
SICKNESS AND MOETALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE LXXIY.— MIDDLE DEPAETMENT— Continued.
YKAIL
1864.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
11, 737.
8, 701.
6, 830.
7, 512.
3, 087.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
1,019
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
bt f rward
2,057
17
1
1, 537
16
1,462
1
11
20
12
1
342
'
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseasesof Nervous System,
7
31
7
18
1
o
4
6
13
1
1
1
8
34
4
36
6
16
9
4
o
7
1
0
1
1
OuDEii 11. — Diseases of Eye.
35
1
1
9
5
13
1
1
05
15
...
1
1
2
1
8
1
8
GG Otf -D' >• '- O d>-
OUDER 111. — Diseases of Ear.
C
3
1
1
1
o
o
1
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
3
1
5
1
1
4
4
74 D 1 }- f P '
1
75 Inflammation of Peric-irdium
7G Infl • f f r 1
7
G
2
1
1
3
80. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
1
6
43
9
3
10
12
4
60
15
3
40
9
84. Dropsy of Chest
86. Inflammation of Larynx
|
4
9
87. Inflammation of Lungs
11
IS
1
8
11
4
2
5
7
1
8
8
5
1
5
1
5
1
90. Other Diseases of this Order
9
40
134
3G
OHDER VI. — Diseases of Diyestive Oryans.
91. Colic
79
28
38
34
6
23
92. Constipation
94
43
93. Cholera Morbus
24
10
2
94. Cirrhosis of Liver
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
1
3G
1
4G
4
15
1
5
90. Dyspepsia
14
97. Diseases of Pancreas
98. Diseases of Spleen
9ft. Fistula in Ano
100. Hcruia
3
10
1
1
6
<)
1
1
1
10 1. Haemorrhage from Stomach
I i
i
2,094
13 2, 500
22
1,778 i 18 1,703 : 15
483 10
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
475
TABLE LXXIV.— MIDDLE DEPARTMENT— Continued.
18O4.
!8<>r>.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBHUAUY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
3, 669.
4, 791.
5, 682.
6, 834.
8, 262.
9, 940.
4,502.
6, 801.
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
50
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
60
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
8<J
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
385
8
1
502
471
10
648
9
590
6
947
5
693
3
11, 319
1
59
105
3
4
9
1
3
14
3
6
1
5
4
4
6
3
1
4
18
11
2
156
9
1
7
2
1
7
1
1
1
1
4
3
1
1
1
1
o
! i
1
12
15
209
1
14
15
8
1
191
19
1
28
7
12
18
17
25
1
17
1
1
3
o
1
e
4
1
1
2
4
4
3
2
1
8
1
16
10
12
16
2
12
20
2
3
1
0
o
2
1
1
1
1
1
13
5
31
1
1
22
1
3
4
3
1
1
1
3
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
i
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
5
16
18
4
77
4
o
0
1
91
5
26
53
4
74
14
107
7
89
20
18
684
99
1
14
2
1
8
29
6
3
18
6
8
26
15
1
10
9
20
1
2
1
5
18
5
3
34
10
04
1
29
18
o
27
0
1
2
9
1
12
10
15
46
182
99
29
123
244
i
25
3
1
1
2
3
6
1
o
1 i
1
1
31
4
14
7
28
4
5
23
1
1
67
1
519
3
1
14
1
103
1
8
149
1
1
4
1
9
3
8
6
3
1
5
1
5
68
3
3
4
2
8
11
8
554
11
714
8
717
15 ; 931
18
881
16
1,298
8
842
7
14, 505 161
476
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXIV.— -MIDDLE DEPARTMENT— Concluded.
VEAR 18(>4-
MONTH JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH 11,737.
8, 761.
6, 830.
7, 512.
3, 087.
LIST OF DISEASES. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. ] Deaths.
2, 09-1
13
2,500
1
19
22
1,778
18
1,763
15
483
10
ORDEU VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
13
19
1
57
19
1
6
1
3
1
1
.'}
3
i
8
6
15
16
11
19
5
73
16
1
3
1
14
5
28
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Vrinary and Genital Organs.
2
•
1
*V re "
' °fT -f
G
6
o
m' I fl6 i ti nof Kiclne -s
4
o
o
1
4
1
ORDER V11L— - Diseases of Bones and Joints.
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
!
ORDEU IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System,
129. Abscess
19
34
7
69
11
30
1
1
4
4
3
8
09
0
130. Boils .. .
16
131. Carbuncle
2
]2
66
6
18
1
3
18
o
132. Whitlow
5
46
5
3
2
1
10
133. Skin Diseases . ...
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
135. Contusions
10
13t>. Concussion of Brain
1
137. Drowning
1
1
138. Sprains
23
36
17
19
7
139. Dislocation
140. Simple Fractures
3
0
1
i 141. Compound Fractures
•
142. Gunshot Wounds
21
14
4
6
30
9
5
1
3
8
8
14
6
6
o
143. Incised Wounds
1
6
144. Lacerated Wounds
145. Punctured Wounds..,
1
1
146. Poisoning
147. Other Accidents and Injuries
1
11
148. ORDER II. — Homicide
1
149. O RDER III.— Suicide
150. OUDER IV. — Execution of Sentence
1
1
Total
2,398
16
2,825
24
1,912
20
2,029
15
591
11
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
477
TABLE LXXIV.— MIDDLE DEPARTMENT— Concluded.
1804.
1805.
UECEMUER.
JANUAUY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APIUL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
3, 669.
4, 791.
5, 682.
6, 834.
8, 262.
9, 940.
4, 502.
6, 801.
102
103
104
105
lOli
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
110
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
140
150
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
554
11
714
8
717
15
931
18
881
16
1,298
8
842
7
14, 555
1
161
38
31
34
32
32
28
6
o
7
13
o
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
8
8
13
1
1
„
11
°6
1
3
7
4
2
2
6
4
9
6
1
o
4
9
5
1
1
3
8
1
155
o
99
46
9
3
4
2
1
1
2
3
1
9
36
5
19
2
3
1
1
3
0
o
5
7
1
3
6
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
11
2
3
2
1
99
318
14
49
240
1
o
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
32
5
14
1
o
10
3
11
6
11
9
12
1
3
13
4
14
9
oo
8
33
1
5
35
2
9
16
2
4
10
1
11
3
6
15
o
2
2
11
2
3
10
9
18
1
41
185
1
1
23
25
18
2
4
15
15
9
12
13
31
18
o
215
17
2
97
89
34
17
18
38
1
1
4
10
1
2
-
3
3
1
1
11
6
1
1
1
1
1
11
6
10
4
4
1
7
4
1
4
9
4
o
4
1
I
1
9
4
3
2
3
7
1
2
I
o
1,098
684
12
866
8
842
16
19
1,062
16
1,539
12
983
7 16,829
176
478
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXV.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1804.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
19, 063.
18, 054.
17, 270.
20, 100.
20, 263.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
147
34
84
2
134
24
o
8
CO
6
131
5
90
16
89
1
24
1
1
555
31
170
3
538
387
6
304
299
1
323
655
589
320
264
483
397
255
11
17
1, 330
111
214
33
17
5
9
1
357
o
562
345
34
8
616
69
8
697
114
o
402
1
2
4
4
3
1, 359
302
*-*-8
*.o
14
2
o
o' OD^es ^e h^
9
1-20
119
10
6
12
5
1
2
190
111
20
12
6
1
1
125
113
28 '
1
1
8
1
56
33
70
250
0
5
1
6
1
14
247
136
1
8
26
1
o
25
9
5
154
1
1
24
535
21
251
qo
1
OUDEK II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22. Sv]>liilis
85
134
114
133
76
13
2
85
15
4
3
n0
119
15
1
5
24. Orcliitis . .
18
3
10
4
1
4
27. Serpent Bite
28. Other Diseases of this Order
6
26
1
10
6
5
1
1
17
OUDEK III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy . . .
16
20
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremeng
r
3
1
32. Inebriation
1
1
3
2
1
1
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS 11.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
OKDEH I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
1
64
68
4
36. Acute Rheumatism
107
52
15
74
96
1
1
144
165
124
1
37. Chrouic Rheumatism
145
38. Anaemia
7
2
39. Cancer
1
7
40. Tumors
4
n
41. Other Diseases of this Order . . .
OUDEK II. — Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
10
9
1
16
3
3
6
16
6
2
14
14
1
43. Scrofula
44. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch
43
0
17
°9
56
63
46. Tape-worm
47. Other Intestinal Worms
3
3
3
48. Other Diseases of this Order
3
Carried forward
3,836
4,667
85
52
3, 461
43
3,606
32
3,043
19
DUEING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
479
TABLE LXXV.
of the Department of Washington.
1804.
1865.
DECEMUER.
JANUARY.
FEURUAKY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
1 OTAL.
10, 518.
21, 207.
19, 296.
21, 840.
35, 458.
68, 912.
52, 519.
27, 792.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
24
~5
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
4(i
47
46
48
10
54
1
12
8
1
79
14
34
1
33
4
17
6
11
o
2
36
1
67
8
36
3
774
18
1,253
147
8
59
22
3
11
2
83
6
196
168
30J
3G
044
138
68
186
9
3
271
110
125
180
411
524
2
474
578
409
39
2
2,917
393
560
68
36
6
10
3,502
4,059
4,549
395
53
10, 766
1,740
1,975
248
GO
314
6
310
331
1,104
2,217
1,032
1,811
240
36
61
3
13
332
43
74
9
113
194
10
242
348
13
7GO
26
1
33
5
214
1
1
o
1
341
39
61
2
23
5
119
2
4
1, 9G4
3
1
5
o
16
3
43
19
4
5
3
1
3
6
1
400
82
68
15
33
7
049
3
35
39
14
15
4
19
1
54
54
1G8
51
28
42
47
50
17
13
268
350
11
43
9
56
2
3
1
0
14
19
15
1
1
1
1
4
71
1
23
29
1
1
0
41
45
158
7G
112
132
11
3
7
1
1
o
48
20
21
42
1
6
5
30
259
210
57
67
189
46
go
183
6G
1°3
175
200
1
2
go
179
273
124
12
125
157
231
319
55
3
178
1°
17
4
8
1
0
48
7
4
0
2
2
6
1
1
1
18
1
1
15
1
49
4
2
1
38
20
1
3
4
1
20
83
1
8
7
1
4
1
1
2
3
3
40
4
12
4
4
7
20
3
4
1,973
1, 339
95
1
298
179
119
13
197
74
1
1G3
177
SO
1
174
92
231
3
209
10
195
10
1
16
14
1
7
5
53
8
162
117
1
784
4
7
2
18
10
5
3
10
9
1
77
3
1
7
3
7
7
15
18
1
o
13
9
10
15
1
21
15
11
58
69
68
77
1
1
1G9
58
1
9
20
3
1
4
1
1
2
2, 435
19
1, 973
14
1,816
19
2,003
8
2, 522
9
6,417
So
7,006
22
42, 785
345
480
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXV.— DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON— Continued.
YEAtt
18(34.
MtXNTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
19, 063.
18, 054.
17, 270.
20, 100.
20, 263.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. 1
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
4,667
85
3,836
52
3,461
43
3,606
32
3,043
19
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
49. Apoplexy
4
133
1
17
72
21
56
1
14
19
1
1
1
3
10
11
5
I
24
57
o
50. Epilepsy
1
o
52. Insanity
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
3
10
40
6
1
1
1
9
40
2
22
2
30
3
24
1
17
7
3
14
1
1
0
1
1
3
1
4
35
1
C
2
4
8
9
1
4
1
1
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
5
3
22
3
1
37
1
17
1
o
1
°7
42
1
6
1
3
6
7
1
13
8
1
3
4
9
fi C\° TV '
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
2
4
4
4
4
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
10
3
1
01
21
28
6
1
4
1
1
1
0
0
1
10
11
o
6
°4
13
16
11
12
79. Yaricoeele
29
9
14
• 35
8
13
58
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. A sthma
1
76
9
30
138
41
1
4
16
62
39
7
37
61
118
11
6
6
47
9
165
83. Chronic Bronchitis
25
1C
1
5
15
25
84. Dropsy of Chest
85. Haemorrhage from Nose
1
5
8
21
12
6
12
14
40
7
18
52
105
1
18
64
6
86. Inflammation of Larynx
87. Inflammation of Lungs
4
1
1
3
88. Inflammation of Pleura
32
89. Hamiori huge from Lungs
5
90. Other Diseases of this Order
42
145
7
90
248
17
15
129
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs.
91. Colic
1
1
92. Constipation
S3. Cholera Morlms
18
18
15
5
94. Cirrhosis of Liver
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
4
0
68
4
33
6
CO
96. Dyspepsia
97. Diseases of Pancreas
98. Diseases of Spleen
4
3
44
1
11
3
99. Fistula in Ano 9.
6
56
5
100. Hernia
3(i
59
34
101. Hsemorrhage from Stomach
1
2
Carried forward
5,394
90
4, 811
58
4, 145
49
4, 499
41
3,949
23
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865
481
TABLE LXXV.— DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON— Continued.
1864.
1805.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
AriUL.
MAY.
JUSE.
TOTAL.
19, 518.
21, 207.
19, 296.
21, 840.
35, 458.
68, 912.
52, 519.
1:7, 792.
49
50
51
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
8-3
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
2,435
19
1,973
14
1
1, 816
19
2,003
8
2,522
9
1
1
6,417
1
11
195
5
1
2
,
7,006
2
19
22
1
42, 785
6
174
1,189
22
19
13
15
84
699
48
90
29
19
21
676
14
X
53
60
126
5
f)
179
17
8
19
6
9
139
131
27
345
6
2
10
105
2
1
1
15
65
5
6
58
1
7
8
73
3
2
1
1
7
88
2
37
64
3
116
4
2
3
241
1
1
1
2
4
1
1
1
6
6
o
1
1
1
3
11
43
3
1
o
33
115
6
10
2
1
1
132
6
15
4
106
3
30
1
2
1
102
70
74
6
1
1
1
o
70
1
8
1
6
11
«
1
2
2
2
2
o
2
7
2
48
1
1
63
2
3
43
1
2
55
1
]
3
1
21
3
14
2
7
1
14
1
4
9
3
13
6
13
19
1
9
3
9
2
1
f>
11
15
2
3
3
o
3
17
7
11
1
9
3
1
2
°1
5
10
2
5
4
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
o
1
5
4
2
12
°41
8
o
8
3
2
4
397
60
6
6
6
14
2
27
234
50
25
15
1
15
3
11
306
49
18
249
61
5
255
37
170
2,331
1
177
37
25
o
492
4
29
274
540
539
89
378
701
2, 266
187
6
84
606
3
28
47
7
44
34
169
15
4
36
28
66
5
38
36
195
4
22
1
12
3°
31
91
52
8
47
23
1°9
47
42
31
9
20
4
1
1
99
56
5
44
21
167
1
8
8
5
5
31
67
12
1
24
CO
6
19
177
3
42
2
2
1
1
1
04
119
405
31
121
335
1
13
23
67
3
3
6
84
13
56
0
15
2
50
10
121
10
46
52
54
2
3
4
29
1
17
1
6
18
1
3
2
17
1
1
0
1
7
33
42
391
7
46
1
435
3, 654
25
3,091
25 3, 018
30
2,989
15
3,628
18
8,229
30
8,641
31 ;
56, 048
482
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE LXXV.— DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON— Concluded.
V KAlt,
1804.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
19, 063.
18, 054.
17, 270.
20, 100.
20, 263.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases. ; Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. : Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
htfo -ml
5,394
5
90
4,811
1
4°
58
4,145
3
37
9
7
1
3
7
114
68
3
3
3
1
49
1
4,499
1
47
4
2
41
3, 949
23
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
46
8
4
65
5
4
15
13
4
3
1
1
18
38
120
1
12
6
28
40
3
7
4
8
105
83
1
4
1
5
247
77
1
6
1
1
82
1
5
2
o
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
| ' "8 *
f T ti
4
7
1
8
4
4
21
fj
17
2
o
1
10
3
8
7 I H f K'rt
18
1
14
2
1°
10
7
1
4
2
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
5
2
2
3
3
o
2
1
1
1
1
o
2
1
4
5
128 Other Diseases of this Order
j
41
120
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
50
150
13
37
81
13
61
42
2-1
-11
131. Boils
125
68
8
9
50
8
58
66
°9
131. Carbuncle
7
oo
132. Whitlow
26
6
68
7
70
133. Skin Diseases
35
o
60
5
43
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
OBDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
135. Contusions
54
136. Concussion of Brain
1
137. Drowning
3
2
i '
138. Sprains
38
49
30
4
'»
30
44
0
139. Dislocation
°0
140. Simple fractures
10
1
70
30
4
7
3
8
112
5
1
o
7
2
36
6
4
3
141. Compound Fractures
1
1
142. G unshot Wounds
o
62
14
2
1
6
1
4
50
17
6
3
3
143. Incised Wounds
144. Lacerated Wounds
145. Punctured Wounds
146. Poisoning
3
1
147. Other Accidents and Injuries
1
6
3
148. ORDER II. — Homicide
1
1
149. ORDER III.— Suicide
150. ORDEU IV.— Execution of Sentence .
Total
44
4,809
6,022
94
5,683
i
66
4,888
56
5,268
28
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
483
TABLE LXXV.— DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON— Concluded.
18G4.
1805.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCII.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
19, 518.
21, 207.
19, 296.
21, 840.
35, 458.
68, 912.
52, 519.
27, 792.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths
Cases Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths.
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
llfi
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
145
147
148
149
150
3,654
25
3, 091
1
125
25
3,018
30
2,989
15
3,628
18
8,229
5
126
30
8,641
31
56,048
18
1,068
86
63
87
107
1,109
835
435
1
173
10
1
1
5
7
159
56
4
2
108
4
14
2
114
4
1
108
8
2
77
1
2
10
4
1
13
21
100
133
7
4
1
7
11
1
8
6
87
111
3
6
1
4
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
4
1
32
12
7
26
1
7
2
25
5
66
34
2
6
1
2
36
1
5
1
61
6
4
54
8
3
1
1
44
52
14
26
1
166
60
107
22
12
20
15
41
5
12
16
8
539
1 502
2
3
4
1
1
6
15
14
12
1
0
4
16
2
6
1
13
7
9
1
2
6
8
5
3
27
7
11
4
2
1
6
6
6
15
6
2
3
1
6
2
2
3
1
9
3
6
3
1
47
89
21
16
33
13
64
2
5
6
1
3
1
2
1
2
5
1
80
288
16
33
99
16
180
1
28
71
1
13
34
8
75
34
60
46
80
7
17
43
6
92
38
119
4
20
45
68
266
10
27
98
126
19
41
11
57
1
251
687
115
980
5
14
141
85
1
1
1
1
1
6
41
3
3
o
10
13
7
61
2
8
42
74
4
6
88
8
5
3
16
50
11
2
2
6
170
102
771
58
o
7
11
6
10
1
15
46
7
10
29
13
72
19
454
292
2
11
21
3
2
1
6
1
28
1
13
15
1
1
27
24
7
3
32
51
2
8
3
13
9
10
15
39
77
60
126
0
5
18
26
1
2
3
1
1
1
|
1
4,515
28
3,720
26
3, 576 | 31
3,725
23
4,381
22
9,766
33
9,892
40
66,245
491
484
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXYI.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR.
1864.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
49, 835.
60, 689.
60, 722.
64, 340.
67, 123.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OKDEK I. — Miasmatic Diseases,
132
14
1
5
101
122
30
92
1
258
29
118
36
116
15
151
39
3
4
147
1
1
34
1
484
487
387
28
8
3,920
2
682
660
574
3
561
780
700
57
30
2,412
310
367
34
23
2
480
533
4
473
635
2
. Quo uin n
544
22
6
2,377
264
294
23
24
10
425
«' 'tt
23
8
3,963
464
524
39
29
22
3
1
9
6
2,614
290
338
30
30
1
1
1
1
12
yuartau n e
1
3
1
11
1
12
4
1
1
1
463
574
8
4
25
43
5
36
3
2
1
1
1
•^ ^
3
4
4
1
18 Dipht heria
24
41
15
177
143
1
5
16
24
12
15
1
5
16
71
153
115
107
29
1
15
20
1
27
160
138
124
80
119
157
194
153
153
1
1
1
2
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
oo Syphilis
147
12
147
29
18
1
o
23
25. Stricture of the Urethra
1
5
1
4
3
:j
l
27. Serpent Uite
2
29
1
22
l
3
ORDER \\L~-Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
65
og
30. Purpura
6
1
4
3
3
3
31. Delirium Tremens
2
6
1
3
1
o
32. Inebriation
3
1
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
2
o
12
1
331
21')
1
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
OIIDKK I.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
36. Acute Rheumatism
145
157
207
222
37. Chronic Rheumatism
234
62
180
111
208
35
148
25
38. Anaemia
18
0
39. Cauuer
40. Tumors
1
5
4
1
6
6
r
41. Other Diseases of this Order
° i
1 :t
ORDER 11.— Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
10
16
11
14
13
12
1
10
13
1
4'.!. Scrofula
1
41. Other Diseases of this Order
0
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch
28
38
1
64
78
1°3
46. Tape-worm
JO
47. Other Intestinal Worms
o
43. Other Discuses of this Order
Carried forward
8,330
7,880
40
51
6, 703
43 i 5,764
65
6, 467 73
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18C5.
485
TABLE LXXVI.
of the Middle Military Division.
1864.
1865.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
46, 985.
42, 496.
38, 661.
40, 727.
39, 824.
33, 105.
29, 030.
47, 795.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
24
25
26
0*7
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
41
47
48
60
31
32
4
12
17
1
4
28
1
8
12
1
2
17
1
5
22
1
35
1
18
22
1
1
32
4
56
25
819
35
800
281
8
26
6
8
1
31
6
217
328
295
28
1
1, 361
383
155
17
26
6
5
1
2
11
101
750
157
116
18
1
3
2
244
207
174
6
10
1,080
130
124
15
17
2
3
1
201
163
112
2
214
224
322
515
289
1
302
424
334
9
1
428
273
341
1
4,608
5 229
21
145
4,320
11
6
563
111
73
9
24
28
20
15
1
1,112
44
291
3
25
249
91
22, 783
2, 582
3,397
209
359
82
635
1
123
897
o
14
6
90
9
10
8
18
13
1
1
1
9
1
8
627
3
6
1,200
3
1
1,548
36
414
3
43
3
136
2
16
1
4
7
2
47
95
6
40
148
11
41
9
227
4
1
2
1
32
11
213
1
4
4
1
1
2
2
9
5
1
3
6
7
c>
13
43
143
67
82
86
13
3
1
1
20
217
226
11
346
262
135
192
6
127
141
73
92
71
14
1
10
8
22
54
123
5
23
293
1 437
98
136
14J
61
127
o
1
2,110
1 553
8
61
59
12
1
16
161
12
130
29
10
1,442
230
3
1
3
1
1
9
7
32
43
1
15
°°2
1
10
1
2
10
1
14
11
10
10
12
11
21
76
6
15
3
2,634
1 854
1
17
4
7
I
2
1
g
1
2
1
o
16
2
1
3
1
251
284
2
2
1
1
12
9
309
163
4
169
112
10
1
204
95
247
70
246
84
3
1
19
146
57
1
9
1
280
3
52
2
1
3
17
4
3
7
4
1
6
5
1
123
1
14
120
101
3
905
21
14
2
1
3
8
2
4
5
11
1
2
12
6
10
4
2
15
1
100
120
105
45
54
1
1
47
1
1
1
3
1
1
2
1
4
0
3
1
4, 74ti
57
3, 415
39 2, 216
34 2,899 j 47 4,483
44 i 4,272 12
3, 265
38
60, 439
543
486
SICKNESS AND MOETALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXVL— MIDDLE MILITARY DIVISION— Continued.
YKAK
1804.
3IOXTII
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
49, 835.
60, 689.
60, 722.
64, 340.
67, 123.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Brou ht forward
7,880
40
8,330
1
15
238
4
51
1
1
6,703
3
11
94
3
3
43
3
5,764
1
14
103
6
1
65
1
6,407
20
143
o
73
1
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
OUDEK I. — Diseasesof JXervous System.
' ! 'y
13
210
1
' ^a J . .
1
o
1
' " a " f At 1 f R '
' "! "miitiou ° /_ cm ™' ^
' 1
6
79
0
174
8
1
10
95
3
156
17
4
2
75
3
10
1
5
63
4
6
100
3
r g .'
rg p. j ,gj
1
2
5
6
1
3
ORDER 11. — Diseases of Eye.
1
80
5
14
1
10
4
6
1
1
4
82
75
57
1
7
8'}
o
9
30
1
9
6
11
5
5
1
35
I
8
2
7
6
ORDER 111. — Diseases of Ear.
3
3
16
68. Deafness
6
1°
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
72. Valvular Disease of Heart
10
3
1
1
8
1
1
9
4
2
74. Dropsy of Pericardium
3
77. Inflammation of Veins
2
16
6
1
16
303
78. Varicose Veins . .
36
23
32
16
2
16
120
S3
16
19
79. Varicocele
12
80. Other Diseases of this Order
OUDER V.— Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. Asthma
14
141
13
21
132
42
14
209
32
82. Acute Bronchitis
8.'}. Chronic Bronchitis
84. Dropsy of Chest
34
1
56
1
85. Haemorrhage from Nose
10
15
11
13
29
30
6
8
298
217
5
3
13
39
45
3
3
86. Inflammation of Larynx
8
15
29
5
2
171
lr>9
<)
87. Inflammation of Lungs
14
40
11
5
o
1
1
1
1
57
47
8
30
148
201
33
7
88. Inflammation of Pleura. .
89. Hasrnorrhage from Lungs
1
90. Other Diseases of this Order
1
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
91. Colic
266
''14
1
171
197
51
92. Constipation
93. Cholera Morbus
123
1
144
4
3
44
1
1
46
1
94. Cirrhosis of Liver
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
5
68
4
78
12
51
96. Dyspepsia
81
97. Diseases of Pancreas
98. Diseases of Spleen
99. Fistula in Ano
100. Hernia
1
35
2
46
3
43
1
1
55
2
4
40
1
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
9,612
50 10,096
66
7,824
51
7,017
71
7,930
86
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
487
TABLE LXXVL— MIDDLE MILITARY DIVISION— Continued.
18(34.
1805.
DECKMUER.
JANUARY.
FEBIU'AKY.
MARCU.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
46, 985.
42, 496.
38, 661.
40, 727.
39, 824.
33, 105.
29, 030.
47, 795.
49
50
51
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
ao
90
9]
92
93
94
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
ieaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
4,746
57
3, 415
39
2,216
1
17
101
I
34
3
2,899
47
1
1
4,482
44
4,272
12
1
3,265
38
1
60, 439
8
183
1,537
26
543
13
5
83
20
14
127
16
117
3
1
3
14
84
4
8
99
1
2
132
1
2
1
1
1
2
3
9
2
4
1
1
1
12
12
08
9C8
8
10
3
3
1
1
11
90
1
1
1
4
50
5
10
11
93
6
7
69
o
1
101
1
1
5
2
3
89
1
64
1
1
2
2
2
31
356
43
oo
1
7
4
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
72
(i
o
2
4
863
38
119
10
71
37
122
56
2
4
43
4
6
1
3
3
6
80
91
84
60
2
1
1
4
1
8
4
2
7
7
11
5
1
12
C
1
5
1
6
5
1
15
1
10
2
14
7
o
103
';
11
i
179
109
8
143
2,476
473
4
95
1
11
1
1
1
1
2
9
14
1
1
12
2
o
6
13
3
1
11
1
5
1
1
1
£>
.. I
2
1
1
1
1
14
4
1
30
1
12
5
4
3
104
30
3
4
8
4
1
8
313
33
1
2
35
105
43
3
3
6
8
24
287
62
1
37
56
60
7
13
79
286
13
384
30
1
50
121
9
292
2
147
78
3
44
10
1
5
1
1
3
7
3
1
1
53
1
1
74
80
38
6
37
0
1
8
34
7
25
76
201
og
7
55
35
377
10
3
133
30
6
70
75
196
13
11
17
1
106
59
18
79
289
7
3
3
1
741
490
90
245
1,510
2 562
89
7
1
1
o
9
4
64
228
27
13
39
1
44
128
226
1
1
7
14
10
21
513
5
44
485
5
1
1
3
21
95
96
97
98
99
10(
101
6
29
4
34
3
15
1
30
1
15
2
19
1
4
19
1
34
4
27
6
4
14
2
24
3
24
°3
379
1
1
5
1
6, 105
84
4, 973
57
3,304
58 4, 132
68
5,770
60 5, 223
20
4,092
46
76, 078
737
488
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE LXXVL— MIDDLE MILITARY DIVISION— Concluded.
YEAH 1«64.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBEB.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
49, 835.
60, 689.
60, 722.
64, 340.
67, 123.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
9,612
4
47
8
9
1
9
16
91
190
30
14
1
50
10, 096
1
40
66
7,824
1
44
7
2
1
8
4
205
148
10
11
51
7,017
1
96
10
3
71
1
7,930
86
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
90
10
5
2
14
10
251
136
16
8
1
3
'6
8
• a! "
1
2
°.' " '* l a . PI,-
17
9
187
168
25
15
11
166
148
4
8
i!fi i.hr0d'-c
1
1
110 Piles
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Vrinary and Genital Organs.
8
4
10
1
8
5
1
3
o
4
3
2
7
2
19
6
10
1
6
2
5
i
7
o
1
5
8
1
5
1
18
3
3
4
1
9
120 Ilydrocele
121 Other Diseases of this Order »-..
3
4
o
OKDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
122. Anchylosis
1
1
123. Caries
124. Inflammation of Joints
1
11
3
9
3
5
123. Inflammation of Bones
126. Inflammation of Periosteum
2
2
2
e
9
0
127. Necrosis
128. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System
129. Abscess
86
193
18
45
160
400
32
107
260
°0
86
244
68
261
17
51
130. Boils
131. Carbuncle
132. Whitlow
77
92
56
84
14
202
40
97
19
144
133. Skin Diseases
65
103
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
19
25
135. Contusions
91
1
95
1
146
136. Concussion of Brain
1
1
137. Drowning
4
1
1
138. Sprains
82
1
4
1
1,216
11
4
2
6
29
71
2
8
90
4
12
70
3
10
87
4
13
3
213
96
9
7
3
18
139. Dislocation
140. Simple Fractures
141. Compound Fractures
14
4,388
33
142. Gunshot Wounds
54
984
39
16
6
o
82
186
3,505
235
129
1
1
1
143. Incised Wounds
144. Lacerated Wounds
48
5
o
2
25
6
2
20
2
145. Punctured Wounds
1
146. Poisoning
2
2
147. Other Accidents and Injuries
1
*-O
3
7
3
3
148. ORDBR II. — Homicide
149. OUDEK III.— Suicide
1
3
1
i
o
, 150. OHIIEU IV. —Execution of Sentence
Total
11, 920 115
12, 649
156
13, 655
246 11, 872
316
9,669
DUEING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
489
TABLE LXXVL— MIDDLE MILITARY DIVISION— Concluded.
1804.
1865.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MAKCH.
APIHL.
MAY.
JUKE.
TOTAL.
46, 985.
42, 496.
38, C61.
40, 727.
39, 824.
33, 105.
29, 030. 47, 795.
102
103
104
105
10(3
107
108
100
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
12ti
127
128
129
130
131
332
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
14'J
150
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
6,105
84
4,973
57
3,304
1
105
4
58
4, 132
88
5,770
60
5,223
20
4, 093
1
°7
46
76, 078
9
906
70
46
13
128
87
1,282
1 °90
737
1
86
2
8
3
4
11
119
107
11
6
111
3
1
1
5
4
74
°0
118
5
3
91
9
1
51
4
3
3
20
1
27
50
2
0
1
1
3
1
1
1
o
2
2
1
5
12
4
1
2
5
6
76
72
1
10
3
46
62
4
4
23
61
8
1
1
2
17
8
17
55
o
2
6
3
1
2
1
117
67
3
37
1
40
131
48
96
19
22
17
7
47
3
39
17
4
864
2 481
1
4
1
2
•j*
3
1
1
1
1
^
24
5
2
1
2
6
22
4
10
3
16
1
3
2
3
4
1
1
5
o
1
14
4
2
10
o
2
1
1
6
6
2
1
1
1
2
1
4
2
4
3
2
1
3
1
4
4
7
3
2
84
182
13
50
85
31
104
1
4
4
o
1
1
1
o
76
213
19
34
96
27
37
138
10
31
65
74
158
6
30
51
18
75
1
26
22
136
8
31
4°
14"
5
26
14
12
13
3
52
184
483
830
201
37
4
52
13
17
8L
1
o
116
4
104
1
1,262
11
4
4
11
1
1
1
1
1
1
72
7
14
3
126
115
13
5
94
68
3
11
97
4
78
11
8
83
6
10
56
4
5
948
51
106
53
10, 765
563
167
56
36
635
. |
6
2
43
73
13
5
1
181
1
7
34
58
9
3
1
46
1
7
2
135
47
6
0
1
11
2<5
2
756
1
5
2
27
10
100
25
12
10
16
7
7
4
3
11
3
13
6
5
6
6
275
3
10
4
13
1
5
2
1
1
'
!
1 |
8
5
1,591
0
1
7,721
123
6,370
68 4,259
71 5,061 | 108
6,675
77
5, 651 I 30
4, 615
54
100, 320
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TKOOPS
TABLE LXXVH.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1804.
MONTH -
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STEEXGTH
74, 589.
55, 105.
60, 897.
72, 581.
74, 561.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
171
105
151
10
646
52
56
1
350
11
85
32
100
1
393
41
• iP
571
25
2'}
21
442
19
19
1,010
810
789
55
6
7,276
1,175
795
78
44
9
4
23
1,478
534
597
49
4
5, 552
950
734
36
59
4
4
28
3
1
1, 101
659
769
109
10
971
i, o:;s
12
8:59
1,315
633
45
10
2
1
1
1
773
40
12
4,005
000
650
48
38
1
16
24
15
1
1
7
3
17
2L
9
4
30
5, 062
899
662
58
26
1
6
53
9
6
3
7
45
0
7
15
2, 912
595
476
63
59
4
40
a
3
30
4
1
1
1
10' ^ODffes|!^c .j" ^
1
1
3
1
1
18 Diphtheria
15
27
51
447
176
121
32
2
10
11
60
405
118
76
16
9
9
13
51
453
152
3
10
o
12
90
1
99
228
14
8
8
284
206
8
48u
161
123
5
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
189
°6
202
30
10
1°
35
17
7
4
1
43
1O
7
'j
27 Serpent Bite
1
1
65
1
1
4
1
3
28 Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29 Scurvy
48
6
1
3
19
1
1
3
31. Delirium Tremcns
0
32. Inebriation
1
33. Chronic Alcoholism
1
o
(i
34. Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
375
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER l.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
2
236
249
101
3G. Acute Rheumatism
298
203
99
1
1
273
228
55
o
433
37. Chronic Rheumatism
270
443
38. Anaemia
1
19
1
yj. Cancer
40. Tumors
4
4
27
15
1
CO
4
8
2
1
1
18
16
10
41. Other Diseases of this Order
1
ORDER II.— Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
1
OQ
17
15
o
16
15
4
43. Scrofula
44. Other Diseases of this Order
4
30
4
•J
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
4."). Itch
38
1
7
50
3
1
4G. Tape-worm
3
12
47. Otlicr Intestinal Worms
1
46. Other Diseases of this Order
15, 082 238
12, 346
181
11,452
130 10, 378
140
9,671
126
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
491
TABLE LXXVII.
of the Army of the Potomac.
18H4.
18(55.
DECEMHER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY. MARCH. | APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
97, 233.
104, 436.
105, 635.
109, 707.
110,2:!3.
76,992.
29, 807.
80, {'82.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. ; Deaths.
Cases. ! Deaths. Cases. \ Deaths. ! Cases. Deaths. Cases.
Deaths. Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
]
•2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
155
4
277
45
213
1
269
73
1
21
157
1
214
1
10
115
1
174
36
88
22
156
3
160
37
108
3
116
36
1,561
37
3,761
498
175
6
9
141)
3
4
12
823
864
612
43
15
2,958
571
344
45
55
4
42
13
3
1
8J8
706
445
44
7
2,875
501
296
36
74
8
43
10
1
1
607
562
4:53
32
5
1,802
370
200
14
64
22
23
1
11
78
117
322
180
138
35
9
3
7
779
837
502
4
708
615
470
58
o
3, 747
396
527
15
48
11
121
2
1
748
824
469
45
11
4,009
450
447
23
57
4
87
3
1
1
328
293
185
18
10, 870
9, Oti3
6,677
592
118
44, 203
7,142
5,588
431
606
79
482
2
146
585
1,705
122
12
7
1
54
11
2,267
399
311
10
64
12
89
1
19
105
1
6
23
o
1
3
7
2
54
2
4
3
o
24
o
2
1
3
2
1
11
2
7
12
1
8
10
4
26
77
322
49
31
13
14
2
14
1
2
15
2
3
2
3
1, 7;!8
230
146
5
18
2
3
1
o
1
2
23
16
57
400
317
ICO
131
40
5
8
26
48
1
1
7
66
20
1
1
9
50
38
445
134
123
2
12
1
66
250
199
18
86
67
54
2
282
164
10°
2
1
o
4
285
149
169
26
1
3
1
4,062
1,866
1 ti°0
58
1
189
41
9
22
5
12
2
344
93
47
7
20
453
26
19
28
15
7
8
4,725
3, 462
542
6
75
21
168
6
892
39
59
8
6
1
\
60
6
2
o
1
5°
1
30
4
1
o
4
20
32
2
0
6
36
2
26
2
o
3
4
2
3
2
5
3
0
1
1
1
1
4
0
0
1
426
007
626
449
29
1
11
3
25
13
511
365
29
505
332
34
1
509
39°
388
238
3
85
60
17
2
9
1
5
1
42
36
56
3
5
1°
12
12
5
1
1
o
5
34
17
8
28
1°
2
23
9
5
32
]5
4
14
1
17
10
3
6
1
112
71
112
125
111
o
94
3
5
37
5
1
4
4
4
o
6
o
.
1
8
1
9,217
111
8,714
192
6, 495
94
7,685
84
8, 519
64
9,241
73
3,710
56
112, 510 1, 489
492
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXVII.— ARMY OF THE POTOMAC— Continued.
YEAR
18(34
JiO.HTII
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEl'TEMHEU.
OCTOHKR.
NOVEMISEII.
74, 589.
55, 105.
GO, 897.
72, 581.
74,
Cases.
561.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases, j Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Deaths.
tf>rward
15, 082
o
22
3j.'2
4
1
238
12, 346
4
25
215
181
3
1
11, 452
36
170
12
130
3
10, 378
3
41
136
8
140
o
o
9, 071
5
54
181
4
126
2
1
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
3
4
1
5
1
1
1
96
8
244
1
7
135
7
166
5
95
4
109
9
o
21
108
6
11
4
1
1
1
1
9
5
1
1
1
4
3
1
102
<>
1
OBDEU II.— Diseases of Eye.
4
3
109
4
76
1
10
12
K2 r"- t"
2
. . r
90
2
75
105
13
°°f Jr°DJ
.
36
2
12
4
19
38
1
7
6
13
3
7
11
30
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
5
,1
68 Deafness
69 Otorrhoea
11
1
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
14
6
i
i
2
2
8
1
5
8
4
4
1
4
3
2
16
3
o
o
75. Inflammation of Pericardium
2
76. Inflammation of Endocardium
1
1
24
77. Inflammation of Veins *.
2
37
o->
78. Varicose Veins
30
32
28
31
21
2
22
79. Varicocele
16
18
80. Other Diseases of this Order
o
15
1
1
20
124
33
1
16
207
1
1
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. Asthma
44
82. Acute Bronchitis
170
29
277
583
83. Chronic Bronchitis
43
6°
84. Dropsy of Chest
2
11
61
5(>
85. Hamion hage from Nose
3
21
45
61
9
5
314
405
132
18
14
32
3°
o
3
40
12!)
100
11
98
219
4°0
86. Inflammation of Larynx
35
36
4
5
244
°85
87. Inflammation of Lungs
6
o
0
12
88. Inflammation of Pleura
89. Hemorrhage from Lungs
90. Other Diseases of this Order
8
30
331
349
99
1
16
98
1
2
1
10
46
196
362
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
91. Colic
1
1
92. Constipation
83. Cholera Morons
1
I
53
2
1
39
2
24
94. Cirrhosis of Liver
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
17
88
12
21
96. Dyspepsia
110
114
o
7'?
97. Diseases of Pancreas
98. Diseases of Spleen
1
1
15
99. Fistula in Ano
0
5
70
1
6
64
1
100. Hernia
84
0
54
80
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach
1
Carried forward
17, 4G1
259
14, 443
208
13, 186
143
12, 262
156
12, 229
144
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
493
TABLE LXXVIL— ARMY OF THE POTOMAC— Continued.
1804.
1805.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
97, 235.
104, 436.
105, 635.
109, 707.
110, 233.
76, 992.
29, 807.
80, 982.
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
5(i
57
58
59
CO
61
02
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
Cases.
Deaths.
Oases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
9, 217
69
241
3
1
1
18
158
4
Ill
4
1
8,714
3
64
252
192
3
1
6, 495
1
48
183
8
2
94
1
0
7,685
7
39
258
8
2
2
4
4
170
6
3
4
2
1
149
6
5
7
13
12
24
84
4
1
8,519
4
162
64
3
9,241
1
17
2°4
73
1
3,710
56
112, 510
34
455
1,489
26
11
17
91
4
5
5
2
2
10
1
3
7
100
9
99
11
1
74
17
8
10
03
1,413
84
550
35
19
20
1 198
1
2
3
3
3
3
1
1
1
1
20
8
4
o
1
10
158
o
1
10
157
4
95
6
3°
1
11
9
16
3
1
1
1
1
2
16
3
17
7
2
4
3
124
2
13
4
8
9
29
4
3
3
126
2
I
3
1
130
1
8
7
10
8
31
83
4
30
77
1
12
og
3
8
3
9
12
31
2
0
30
234
n
30
96
98
260
J
19
6
11
21
6
5
10
1
2
5
138
32
11
18
6
12
341
204
1
9
4
1
1
3
1
1
32
o
13
0
2
17
6
o
18
4
19
o
8
4
2
2
2
2
3
1
2
1
1
20
1
1
2
3
3
1
1
39
23
41
841
55
4
22
8
3
42
31
20
3
37
936
152
28
9
5
13
26
16
12
10
5
°4
1
1
54
321
5, 600
744
8
63
452
1, 0,;8
914
113
2, 050
2, 705
4 313
5
37
1,085
167
2
39
722
59
15
303
37
11
82
2
3
2
1
270
15
7
1
3
2
93
174
1C3
15
255
2
7
82
155
100
15
413
188
503
28
4
32
158
132
11
177
260
409
16
1
33
105
15
3
14
40
61
9
46
245
345
42
2
7
19
14
1
8
128
88
146
102
13
891
162
1
29
1
12
57
54
7
76
207
301
12
1
11
2
160
11
5
5
4
4
37
5
o
33
1
2
6
1
21.1
476
1
339
149
18
12
47
522
199
1 087
5
1
7
96
o
18
126
15
10
54
16
74
12
...
115
1
34
3
3
80
813
17
1
8
91
9
87
1
7
68
1
11
<)7
r
5
54
1
0
49
1
1
15 i
1
4
12,373
149 12,271
249
10, 447
140
11,022
143
10, 224
94
11,197
6-
4, 498 60
Ml, 613 1,832
494
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXVIL— ARMY OF THE POTOMAC— Concluded
V.AB 18(i4'
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
74, 589.
55, 105.
60, 897.
73, 581.
74, 561.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
17, 461
2
83
41
1
1
18
7
294
869
9
19
1
10
1
9
21
4
18
4
n
3
3
7
259
14, 443
3
56
27
21
1
39
7
488
186
16
18
2
16
208
13, 186
5
56
2'>
9
19
5
316
199
5
143
12, 262
5
156
12, 229
3
98
27
7
1
15
20
262
144
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
94
15
7
2
21
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
7
235
166
4
10
1
8
• a '
184
9
9
2
1
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
3
5
1
1
15
5
21
1
1
2
1
7
1
8
- T ' ^ f V
4
18
6
18
5
2
7
24
5
14
7
13
3
4
6
• ^r
1
119 Iticoutine ce of Uriue
11
1
1->0 Hvdrocele
OUDEli VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
3
1
11
3
11
1
4
4
2
6
1
6
3
1
144
345
8
1
7
1
5
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
129. Abscess
167
404
23
145
384
14
76
124
133
346
Ic
328
131. Boils
355
19
55
123
131. Carbuncle
27
74
132. Whitlow
97
128
56
133. Skin Diseases
95
07
157
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
48
156
35
132
4
36
178
2
56
135. Contusions
1
94
2
159
136. Concussion of Brain
4
0
1
2
2
1
137. Drowning
2
138. Sprains
119
98.
5
1°
85
151
1°5
131). Dislocation
3
6
4
20
10
1,477
67
8
8
7
299
98
15
140. Simple Fractures
'I
2,043
63
29
141. Compound Fractures
3
124
1
2,322
43
41
8
15
1
101
1
56
142. Gunshot Wounds
198
958
54
43
143. Incised Wounds
144. Lacerated Wounds
1
22
f;
18
11
3
21
115. Punctured Wounds
C
11
45
13
0
l4ti. Poisoning
6
4
147. Other Accidents and Injuries
2
1
25
2
2
1
24
148. ORDER II. — Homicide
149. ORDER III.— Suicide
2
1
100. ORDER IV.— Execution of Sentence
1
Total
21, 650 394
18, 882
418
15, 813
195
15, 587
268 _
]4, 506
208
DURING THE YEAE ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
495
TABLE LXXVIL— ARMY OF THE POTOMAC— Concluded.
1804.
1805.
DECEMBER.
JAXUAUT.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
AlMUL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
97,235
Cases.
•
104, 436.
105, 635.
109, 707.
110, 233.
76, 992.
29, 807.
80, <)S2.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
102
l,Ki
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
lit)
117
118
119
120
121
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
145
147
148
149
150
12, 373
7
168
15
6
14
10
257
173
65
13
149
1
12, 271
2C5
249
10, 447
3
215
140
11, 022
3
179
19
9
2
26
27
143
10, 224
3
69
7
10
94
11, 197
7
93
10
87
4, 498
60
141, 613
43
1,409
231
117
14
237
112
3,170
2, 121
209
115
18
118
6
42
236
1,832
3
33
6
13
1
11
13
1
13
8
327
1G7
15
7
4
18
3
5
31
13
23
6
4
5
7
8
1
4
4
5
15
11
2
1
1
1
1
1
7
12
3
5
o
5
3
1
15
10
301
181
O4
1
2
23
5
138
1G5
18
1
154
20G
16
5
o
311
180
9
6
1
87
45
5
6
1
-
20
o
8
1
5
1
9
3
19
6
2
4
1
1
10
4
1
18
JO
27
4
6
5
C
5
o
0
1
30
4
11
2
o
2
3
6
1
1
4
o
1
16
6
3
5
3
1
15
1
13
3
5
2
2
10
2
1
33
7
20
5
3
3
1
C8
ieo
38
30
37
28
89
48
33
18
1,700
4, 220
2
2
1
1
1
3
2
1
8
9
5
3
2
151
453
16
99
142
C8
7
6
4
1
1
56
129
4
16
32
2
129
335
0
151
425
96
100
101
239
1
1
1G6
410
155
SOT
175
331
23
63
145
46
221
1
1
19
215
921
1,523
606
2, 095
38
116
130
G9
184
2
119
54
150
46
200
6
137
C8
234
7
6
41
i
2
1
1
1
3
2
7
8
10
1
1
1
205
9
13
349
248
8
7
197
195
161
6
14
4
1,158
227
24
7
13
47
282
189
2
]3
236
5
9
2
94
55
32
6
66
103
68
1
3
1
9
22
1, 914
63
133
51
16, 280
1,3:8
324
109
183
654
15
12
132
254
i
13
5
3,082
168
44
14
3
25
1
]()
1,135
1
4
1
51
2
153
15
4, 357
79
2
26
78
1
293
24
12
1
1
53
16
17
71
1
1
o
1
4
7
88
1
4
33
4
0'
30
-
15
2
5
1
0
6
2
1
8
1
1
1
3
15, 45G 222
15, 072
287
14, Oil 235
16, 741 313
16, 484
397
13, 434 112
5,163
63
182, 799
3, 112
496
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXVIIL
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAH
1864.
JIOM'JI
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
44, 165.
32, 074.
36, 451.
44, 569.
38, 591.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Jealhs.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
97
1
231
30
120
3
]90
18
85
10
63
16
60
18
' - 1
38
30
179
20
136
16
80
18
3. Typho - anrKl
• v
805
1 453
17
417
1, 521
733
67
60
4,144
445
519
44
33
1
19
1
•122
1,854
1,012
448
47
2, 983
488
66
7
611
2 289
2
1 385
3
•
j. Quotidian nte
812
102
1, 251
145
16
2,647
259
458
47
26
1
3
1
838
78
7
1,691
225
248
42
fl' 0^ 1 I"*6 'it it Fever
. Quar an n t
48
6,468
492
780
76
33
3
33
1
2
21
10
5
8
20
6
o
20
7
1
1
5
g
8
1
3
5
15
3
1
1 •>
' ^ ' , v .
G' M •• J
5
18
17 Scarlet Fever
13
32
1
1
12
3
7
30
344
66
115
1
3
47
163
11
14
QOT-
1
52
76
331
85
422
267
107
202
1
170
117
171
1
OIIDEK II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22 Syphilis
58
64
17
4
3
1
1
35
1
81
20
24 Orchitis
10
4
3
°4
17
3
4
4
1
5
4
28. Other Diseases of this Order
2
26
3
8°
1
19
2
3
3
OUDEK III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy ...
40
1
1
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Trerueus .. .
0
3
1
3
32. Inebriation
2
1
1
33. Chronic Alcoholism
1
1
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
36. Acute Rheumatism
192
185
108
214
371
191
37. Chronic Rheumatism
167
84
119
19
156
214
38. Acajmia
40
1
3
1
8
6
°3
39. Cancer
40. Tumors
11
14
1
3
18
9
5
0
4
41. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
2
1
1
6
11
1
43. Scrofula
6
44. Other Diseases of this Order
1
44
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. I tcli
70
1
11
43
104
7G
1
46. Tape- worm
47. Other Intestinal Worms
1°
12
1
48. Other Diseases of this Order
i
12,637
128
9,410
115
9,004
76
9, 398
77
6,387
71
DURING THE YEAE ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
497
TABLE LXXYIII.
of the Department of Virginia.
1864.
1865.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
Al'RIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
45, 032.
43, 315.
38, 648.
34, 748.
36, 677.
50, 991.
36, 932.
40, 183.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
)eaths. Cases.
)eaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. 'Deaths.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
3(
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
47
12
42
21
31
1
23
25
25
1
26
13
17
14
37
16
36
5
660
8
1,110
198
49
10
47
6
8
1
19
1
71
2
59
7
157
182
1,004
677
44
1,781
218
239
11
34
142
949
521
2
141
644
342
23
1,002
132
137
20
23
1
125
797
339
45
3
945
98
148
13
26
23
1
115
546
496
24
2
1,154
89
156
16
14
212
98?.
1
240
613
675
3
1
3,664
, 14,037
8,460
1,099
200
28,957
2,962
3,978
400
19
290
56
2
1
1
31
42
203
55
9
5
4
13
764
32
8
2,348
276
367
23
28
3
65
39
4
1 979
1
52
2
6
1
4
19
1
o
1
1
4
4
2
1
1,815
161
209
15
3
1
19
2
1
309
229
30
28
3
68
41
1
2
22
2
1
2
1
5
25
4
6
2
12
1
2
36
1
26
6
15
385
183
1G4
176
6
5
8
74
5G2
1
5
26
426
o
3
22
243
2
2
5
29
67
137
156
9
10
57
67
299
2,357
10
11
69
62
147
120
117
14
4
4
162
78
51
1
122
50
49
13
6
7
202
106
181
25
2,549
1, 166
1,485
199
50
33
o
11
30C
11
16
38
9
3
59
93
185
21
9
7
8
3
2
1
3
1
1
14
1
14
o
15
26
4
1
7
1
18
1
10
1
2
1
5
1
3
1
1
o
3
16
1
o
1
1
1
3
2
2
o
2
190
182
13
6
218
163
19
10
2,757
1, 974
422
164
16
295
229
1
126
113
10
117
104
15
1
2
236
15
165
13
279
1
52
24
122
85
1
863
9
46
1
3
13
6
4
5
3
3
4
6
1
18
1
2
9
3
17
8
3
7
7
o
7
4
o
10
15
o
1
7
7
120
1
2
76
3
2
44
7°
47
91
76
1
4
1
1
6,053
48
6,115
86
3,799
70
3,639
45
3,306
22
6,373
42
4,866
36
80, 987
816
498
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXVIIL— DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA— Continued.
YKAii
1864.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
44, 165.
32, 074.
36, 451.
44, 569.
38, 591.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Brou lit forward
12, 637
1
11
350
o
0
128
9,410
115
9,004
1
13
105
76
9,398
1
38
200
77
1
2
6, 387
1
19
110
71
1
1
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
13
232
o
1
' * el y
O
4
2
2
1
1
1
I
1
3
12
136
1
104
1
1
12
68
3
144
5
2
5
66
4
11
4
103
o
86
6
1
g.
1
3
1
4
1
3
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
1
2
1
69
3
91
37
1
73
42
65
46
10
57
23
5
1
11
4
22
4
7
OKDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
9
5
25
2
0
7
1
5
3
°4
4
15
69 Otorrhcea
21
70. Other Diseases of this Order ... ....
1
1
o
1
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
1
1
o
10
3
1
7
o
1
1
11
g
1
„
1
1
1
14
3
1
35
1
40
9
1
12
130
21
1
28
78. Varicose Veins
32
15
79. Varicocele
18
8
13
80. Other Diseases of this Order
1
•
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. Asthma
29
230
29
150
32
16
231
62
1
3
16
29
24
4
11
17°
82. Acute Bronchitis
1
404
57
83. Chronic Bronchitis
27
12
1
1
84. Dropsy of Chest
85. Haemorrhage from Nose
1
9
27
22
1
4
6
29
3
8
154
207
21
1
44
64
86. Inflammation of Larynx
15
28
39
14
21
19
56
58
5
30
134
87. Inflammation of Limps
7
1
1
4
9
1
88. Inflammation of Pleura
89. Haemorrhape from Lungs
3
10
314
67
1
90. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
91. Colic
342
1
92. Constipation
254
26°
162
93. Cholera Morbus .
116
38
3
12
16
o
94. Cirrhosis of Liver
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
9
74
6
56
11
45
96. Dyspepsia
51
97. Diseases of Pancreas
98. Diseases of Spleen
7
8
53
1
1
2
2
48
99. Fistula in Ano
4
40
1
3
38
4
57
100. Hernia
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach
14,810
145
11, 049
124
10, 205
82
10, 892
89
7,841
86
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1805.
TABLE LXXVIIL— DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA— Continued.
18(54.
18(>5.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
45, 032.
43, 315.
38, 648.
34, 748.
36, 677.
50, 991.
36, 932.
40, 183.
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
•7O
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
80
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
6,053
1
23
129
2
1
48
1
6,115
2
39
145
86
3,799
1
27
88
I
1
70
3,639
45
o
3,306
22
6,373
42
4,866
36
80, 987
8
217
1 814
816
5
11
2
1
15
119
2
o
2
64
2
9
144
1
8
128
6
1
25
7
4
7
69
1,088
2 |
1
1
6
o
1
1
1
„
1
4
12G
1
o
6
103
3
5
67
3
5
70
1
9
14
69
143
1
51
5
2
1
32
297
27
15
10
705
27
306
9
88
44
198
4
5
90
23
4
11
2
4
204
8
3
1
26
12
3
0
2
2
4
o
1
1
2
65
67
0
4
1
10
3
15
66
1
3
59
45
4
10
o
84
3
10
60
1
18
3
9
1
4
8
6
13
17
4
20
1
2
6
5
9
1
14
13
1
10
o
9
2
2
1
6
6
3
1
1
1
7
4
2
1
11
o
1
2
9
o
9
2
5
1
1
2
3
1
1
0
2
1
1
6
5
o
17
718
42
17
11
2
21
501
89
13
3
g
11
82°
11
3
1
19
441
71
5
2
8
8
1
7
°°2
15
10
1
13
134
39
1
93
11
OJO
1
1
3
3
193
*-5
o
1
4,176
617
21
36
275
376
518
59
355
1,802
2, 740
451
8
125
646
2
1
92
60
1
o
1
12
3
25
2
40
43
63
8
20
120
237
8
4
27
51
73
6
113
91
188
4
1
13
48
2
40
30
57
2
11
69
201
r
1
29
15
24
34
17
34
5
5
103
243
17
7
16
3
10
149
187
86
1
2
76
5 i
67
79
4
112
131
285
29
16
21
8
1
5
77
2
4
2
2
4
90
200
7
3
2
1
54
1
1
o
11
45
8
50
1
4
46
3
34
1
2
57
1
3
1
6
44
2
10
53
426
8
36
1
6
24
3
21
4
27
2
19
1
19
2
I
11
39
7,747
60
8,362
109
5,589
99
5,006
59
4,176
24
7,630
54
6,043
99, .'150
970
500
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXVin.— DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA— Concluded.
YEA.ll
18(54.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
44, 165.
32, 074.
36, 451.
44, 569.
38, 591.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. ;
Deaths.
14, 810
1
56
10
9
145
1
11, 049
124
10, 205
82
10,892
9
96
9
6
89
7,811
4
83
18
8
86
1
OUDEK VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
36
8
16
51
7
13
1
3
11
211
148
8
9
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
' luttam tl
4
5
134
210
11
8
204
151
4
5
137
1
20
10
132
1
1
159
10
5
1
114
4
11
o
16
9
1
4
13
10
2
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
.
9
1
3
14
4
21
5
- rg e o'
3
24
1
15
1
15
o
' 1 H- • f K ' 1 >
38
1
18
1
1
motion of Bladder
1
20
' j" a t- f r •
19
3
1
6
2
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
2
1
o
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
1"3 Caries
2
3
10
1
1
o
7
7
1
2
1
1
6
2
1
1
1
66
254
17
53
85
15
103
1
128 Other Diseases of this Order
1
81
230
10
59
72
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System
129 Abscess
95
292
55
236
12
80
243
130 Boils
18
42
103
18
115
2
18
41
84
14
87
1
13°. Whitlow
35
66
10
86
1
133. Skin Diseases ..
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
135. Contusions
2
1
3
71
2
136. Concussion of Brain
1
1
1
137. Drowning
o
1
138. Sprains
69
1
74
1
10
24
1,277
18
16
7
2
6
65
77
6
1
3
1,030
33
20
96
4
4
139. Dislocation
3
6
5
1,184
16
26
1
3
140. Simple Fractures
141. Compound Fractures
5
783
20
6
22
7
1
142. Gunshot Wounds
31
25
12
37
30
57
15
143. Incised Wounds
144. Lacerated Wounds
1
10
4
4
6
145. Punctured Wounds
6
146. Poisoning
147. Other Accidents and Injuries
1
1
17
1
148. ORDER II. — Homicide
149. ORDER III.— Suicide
1
1
150. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence
1
1
Total
1
16, 945
185
13, 604
158
12,550
100
13, 146
129
9,053
104
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
501
TABLE LXXVIII.— DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA— Concluded.
18G4.
1865.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
45, 032.
43, 315.
38, 648.
34, 748.
36, 677.
50, 991.
36, 932. 40, 183.
102
103
104
105
10G
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. .Deaths, j Cases.
Deaths.
7,747
60
8,362
1
177
10
19
11
20
105
99
9
15
1
1
109
5,589
1
152
99
5,006
2
59
4,176
24
7,630
1
62
54
6,043
39
99,350
19
994
152
95
14
136
103
1,363
1,397
85
87
18
28
970
87
17
5
5
13
114
125
7
13
3
o
118
10
o
43
4
5
1
5
o
33
1
1
6
1
19
3
72
13
6
1
13
15
82
o
1
2
5
5
6
1
1
1
3
2
1
00
3
10
63
97
1
61
54
4
o
48
61
72
107
6
3
3
1
6
7
1
o
1
2
3
1
2
2
1
00
1
17
4
16
o
1
3
1
7
3
16
4
9
o
1
15
1
6
1
6
3
10
1
7
1
1
4
2
3
1
2
1
1
9
1
3
3
3
3
1
5
1
3
2
1
188
19
162
31
18
19
12
55
22
30
11
3
793
2,786
1
25
15
6
2
6
3
4
1
10
3
5
o
2
5
1
o
3
1
3
2
3
1
4
o
1
1
89
281
14
48
74
21
109
1
70
260
29
55
83
28
173
1
79
208
51
203
45
139
5
35
40
240
42
200
5
27
55
9
76
4
13
7°
4
52
91
31
71
8
30
82
153
549
961
224
1,103
14
106
24
80
1
60
12
1
57
75
1
2
4
5
14.
1
4
78
1
5
2
82
85
9
1
4
45
101
2
11
2
510
86
14
7
2
90
122
94
1
5
3
157
55
11
7
7
8
88
4
8
108
o
76
1,048
6
5
1
6
32
77
44
6,112
574
149
91
51
242
11
1
1
5
208
1
1
5
48
8
o
1
50
85
12
3
5
939
41
7
10
4
21
37
37
8
7
3
8
18
33
41
10
13
11
11
4
6
4
29
1
1
1
10
2
9
1
1
1
2
1
]
1
1
1
4
1
9, 162
75
10, 432
117
-
6,907
110
6,170
68
5,847
79
H.6K7
82
6,934
50 I 119,437
II
1, 257
502
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXIX.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR -
1864.
JULT.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
6, 453.
7, 257.
7, 174.
6,750.
6, 713.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases, i Deaths
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER 1. — Miasmatic Diseases.
\ Typhoid Fever
24
4
13
3
5
1
9
174
657
1 628
1
27
6
21
10
4
12
1
24
493
597
1,863
877
87
11
337
23
74
7
74
9
9
38
212
1 126
1
3
2
8
1
71
473
314
1 415
200
429
6
6
257
491
657
10
o
18
7
228
1
314
22
1
2
2
498
26
84
4
1
1
2
6
12
47
3
4
6
2
70
65
6
4
1
2
]5. Small-pox and Vurioloid
5
17. Scarlet Fever
1
2
3
18. Diphtheria
1
4
1
8
27
38
34
26
84
45
67
36
80
32
ORDER II. — Enthttio Diseases.
22 Syphilis
40
51
7
o
44
3
35
2
24. Orehitis
1
5
1
1
27. Serpent Bite
1
1
28. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy .'.. .
2
11
5
G
1
4
3
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens
1
32. Inebriation
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
30. Acute Rheumatism
34
14
18
42
22
21
^7
37. Chronic Itheumatism
21
8
15
4
8
9
4
6
38. Anaemia
39. Cancer
40. Tumors
1
1
!
1
41. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER II.— Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
1
3
1
2
1
43. Scrofula
1
44. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch
7
9
4
5
3
46. Tape-worm
47. Other Intestinal Worms
48. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
5
1,377
2,786
5
3,822
13
4, 002
105
2, 578 26
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
503
TABLE LXX1X.
of the Department of North Carolina.
18G4.
18(55.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
6, 831.
7, 521.
32, 133.
34, 760.
41, 207.
39, 154.
32, 587.
19, 045.
1
o
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Death.-*.
8
1
3
5
1
1
11
2
104
3
90
o
78
3
91
4
108
1
187
16
2
4
72
16
56-2
t>
7,r)i,>
7U5
4,175
I 11, 766
6,765
413
115
10,790
1,303
1,667
131
150
63
278
1
37
431
770
1,248
698
954
72
3
42
85
35
2
4
2
1
162
202
3
48
24
102
5-26
409
11
211
12
18
2
1
1
80
299
266
289
663
512
51
16
1,147
147
152
1
498
696
620
1
542
977
730
41
2G
1,693
3
1
435
1,078
998
53
11
2, 781
336
396
48
17
4
24
2
378
1 022
15
1
576
34
3
10
87
20
1
1
13
1,929
267
301
10
33
4
9
3
11
39
1
1
1
1
10
14
100
8
2
4
8
9
115
22
32
8
2
1
1,280
196
237
17
28
30
31
1
24
2
5
218
191
20
18
1
13
24
13
124
o
33
12
85
1
5
4
1
1
1
4
2
14
178
391
114
74
107
12
7
98
158
150
106
138
2
3
62
6
7
60
119
91
150
7
1
2
1
2
60
24
77
68
198
97
128
14
7
1
83
262
100
187
17
2
3
49
19
21
3
1
10
2
13
40
4
2
12
- 88
18
8
2
5
329
16
4
2
4
9
1
1,327
724
2
1
3
21
5
1
1
96
1
87
2
3
i
31
1
1
65
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
9
1
42
1
1
1
29
9
5
224
234
300
153
12
2:38
112
114
62
3
1
26
115
10
185
1
4
80
<t
1
1
11
3
20
1
2
1
5
1
2
2
7
11
8
4
8
5
7
11
9
2
2
49
41
25
1
57
1
64
87
104
1
1
73
0
513
6
4
1
2
1
1,477 15
1,112
4
4,703
13
5,203
6
Pi, 079
50
7,792
58
5,499
120
47,030
420
504
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXIX.— DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA— Continued.
YEAU
18O4.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEITEMBEU.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
C, 453.
7, 257.
7, 174.
6,750.
6,7
Cases.
13.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Deaths.
1,377
5
2,786
5
3,822
13
4,602
105
2,578
26
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
2
25
1
51
1
6
14
1
1
48
o
17
1
oo. Inl animation o j
1
3
2
k .
16
23
6
1
9
1
' ff
J
2
4
1
ORDER II.— Diseases of Eye.
'
1
9
' E ' • * n •
2
9
1
3
9
7
2
1
10
' . "
7
1
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
1
2
5
3
1
1
1
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
2
2
1
1
77. Inflammation of Veins
78. Varicose Veins
2
o
4
3
1
2
o
g
o
80. Other Diseases of this Order
7
3
32
1
1
23
1
o
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
1
5
33
4G
o
3
4
1
84 Dropsy of Chest
85. Haemorrhage from Nose
1
3
6
1
1
41
45
9°
1
1
5
8
3
2
34
7
49
86. Inflammation of Larynx
1
6
4
2
1
o
3
o
3
1
89. Haemorrhage from Lungs . .
90. Other Diseases of this Order
oo
1°
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
91. Colic
29
77
1
14
<)O
92. Constipation
99
93. Cholera Morbua
9
3
1
1
94. Cirrhosis of Liver
1
1
30
1
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease .
1
1
10
2
1
96. Dyspepsia
3
97. Diseases of Pancreas
98. Diseases of Spleen
99. Fistula in Ano
100. Hernia
G
o
G
2
7
1
3
4
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
1,667
7
3,160
5
4,061
13
4,855
105
2,790
27
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
505
TABLE LXXIX.— DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA— Continued.
1864.
18G5.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEllRL'AUY.
MARCH.
Ai'RiL. MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
6, 831.
7, 521.
32, 133.
34, 760.
41,207.
39, 154.
32, 5S7.
19,045.
49
50
51
53
54
55
50
57
58
59
(iO
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
80
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Death?.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
JJea'.hs.
1,477
2
•i
12
15
2
1,112
4
4,703
1
9
58
1
2
13
1
5,203
6
6,079
1
50
7,792
1
2°
58
o
5,499
120
47,030
5
95
755
6
8
1
6
18
459
18
27
5
6
8
374
14
99
9
49
29
38
1
5
34
10
5
7
2
1
54
31
15
54
1,464
163
5
oo
420
5
1
15
14
143
1
4
76
1
1
1
127
180
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
5
2
81
1
1
2
104
4
1
3
78
2
5
75
1
5
50
2
13
3
1
54
2
6
1
8
1
3
8
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
67
1
24
I
1
1
85
1
2
56
1
17
g
g
8
9
9
1
13
1
49
o
1
4
4
10
o
3
11
1
3
5
7
23
1
1
9
3
6
11
3
6
1
8
1
2
1
3
1
1
8
2
1
3
2
6
o
4
2
1
1
4
5
2
3
4
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
15
2
1
2
2
3
4
8
3
1
16
238
20
10
4
4
5
175
29
3
6
2
1
o
1
1
1
82
13
°63
5
82
44
2
491
1
1
2
56
28
4
7
32
76
59
16
1
3
3
2
3
12
4
1
51
3
36
1
15
271
8')
2
7
84
47
5
7
120
4
8
31
42
o
3
7
1
1
48
12
42
1
10
82
524
283
26
1
25
1
5
2
21
27
2
3
145
6
7
67
5°
2
17
122
329
647
1,469
171
2
53
203
77
178
18
1
148
?'
210
16
204
45
242
1
72
1
1
0
2
2
3
' 16
12
8
3°
11
27
6
32
3
1
23
1
3
2
3°
1
2
5
4°
11
19
200
3
32
4
7
1
10
10
41
1
7
1,691
17
i 1,362
5
6,195
27
6,341
8
7,332
57
8,988
67
6,516
134
54, 058
472
f.4
506
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXIX.— DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA— Concluded.
YUAU
1S(>4.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
6, 453.
7, 257.
7, 174.
6, 750.
6, 713.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths.
Brou ht forward
1,667
7
3,160
5
4,061
13
4,855
105
2,790
2
5
27
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
11
4
15
2
14
4
1
1
1
105 Inflammation of Bowels
106 Inflammation of Peritonaeum
2
2
6
9
1
4
1
30
18
2
1
6
1
49
14
1
1
27
1
24
110 Piles
14
o
10
6
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs,
1
1
2
2
G
o
2
2
2
4
3
I'M. Hydrocele
o !
1
1
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Hones and Joints.
122. Anchylosis
1
123. Caries
124. Inflammation of Joints
1
1
2
125. Inflammation of Bones
1
127. Necrosis
128. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
129. Abscess
14
83
3
6
18
2
12
26
18
69
18
21
8
90
131. Boils
89
o
131. Carbuncle
1
5
7
132. Whitlow
19
40
12
7
7
1
14
133. Skin Diseases
13
o
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
135. Contusions
17
21
136. Concussion of Brain
137. Drowning
1
1
138. Sprains
10
14
3
9
5
139. Dislocation
140. Simple Fractures
1
141. Compound Fractures ..
142. Gunshot Wounds....
5
10
3
1
5
2
1
4
12
"
o
1
143. Incised Wounds
144. Lacerated Wounds
8
1
2
9
1
1
1
1
345. Punctured Wounds
1
146. Poisoning1
147. Other Accidents and Injuries .
1
148. ORDEU II.— Homicide
149. ORDER III.— Suicide
150. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence
5
Total
1, 881 9
3,466
12
4,310
14
4,997
105
2,930
30
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1805
507
TABLE LXXIX.— DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA— Concluded.
1804.
1805.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
A PHIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
145
147
148
149
150
6, 831.
Cases.
7, 521.
32, 133.
34, 7GO.
41, 207.
39,154.
32, 587.
19, C45.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases, j Deaths.
Cases. | Deaths.
1, 691
17
1,302
5
6,195
27
6,341
1
57
5
8
7, 332
1
64
11
5
2
14
8
106
98
6
9
57
8,988
0
67
6,516
134
54,958
6
381
74
13
2
C9
73
654
462
26
38
5
17
472
18
9
23 '
54
23
42
8
10
1
4
1
6
2
2
1
3
C
11
1
6
15
81
63
3
5
21
15
131
67
1
4
6
12
6
9
91
51
o
17
23
65
84
1
6
2
8
3
13
3
1
1
3
4
1
2
1
15
2
6
1
2
10
3
4
1
1
3
2
6
2
2
7
56
13
38
6
9
8
3
14
3
7
3
14
446
1,126
1
5
1
3
5
5
9
4
o
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
3
4
2
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
50
82
8
15
48
8
40
1
1
13
51
161
4
13
59
21
35
2
6
42
°3
80
143
11
14
71
16
47
1
8G
205
66
154
57
10
7
21
8
0.)
6
9
47
10
30
53
137
501
83
342
4
8
69
3
29
101
15
55
1
1
5
81
1
2
1
8
2
2
20
1
1
1
9
6
6
1
20
19
1
4
34
1
3
50
5
1
307
2°
09
7
2
68
8
4
51
5
4
355
27
24
2
557
174
47
33
30
96
1
4
10
2
2
1
6
104
24
3
3
3
20
7
7
56
23
8
6
56
28
0
8
17
8
7
9
2
3
28
6
7
1
21
8
7
6
8
1
1
3
8
1
1
2
1
1
7
1
1
6
1
1, 998
19
1,637
5
6, 915
34
7,479
20
8,355
66
9, 839
75
7,189
143
60, 996
532
508
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE LXXX.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1864.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
9, 859.
7, 619.
6, 643.
6, 574.
7, 539.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cages.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OHDEU I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
*v J
1
152
64
240
11C
443
19
1
502
3
21
1
186
14
111
3,00
87
19
13
289
31
44
10
11
3
10
5
12
3
5
5
' , * P ° l ,
5
17
5
7
4
4
30
1
114
16
3. ypho- aaria
• r
130
253
216
2
57
335
256
1
61
252
272
2
2°
1
3
1
1
3
329
57
84
3
3
1
6
419
51
186
1
3
o
8
296
46
105
2
1
49
115
8
6
1
o
3
1
1
5
I
7
o
1
1
5
8
17. Scarlet Fever
18 Diphtheria -
1
1
18
2
17
18
10
3
1
5
1
19
oo
1
2
4
18
4
4
14
oo
oo
33
OuiJER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22 Syphilis . . .
7
8
0
9
2
11
18
1
1
1
2
24. Orchitis
25. Stricture of the Urethra
1
1
2
26. Purulent Ophthalmia
1
27. Serpent Bite
28. Other Diseases of this Order
1
2
1
ORDER lll.—Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
5
9
1
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens
4
32. Inebriation
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
3
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
36. Acute Rheumatism
49
30
32
1
32
10
13
22
35
44
7
o
37. Chronic Rheumatism
10
15
17
38. Anaemia
1
39. Cancer
40. Tumors
41. Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
4
OKDEU II. — Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
2
1
1
2
o
1
2
43. Scrofula
44. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch
5
1
1
1
8
46. Tape-\vorm
47. Other Intestinal Worms
1
48. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
18
1,948
36
1,260
26
1,254
L8
1,612
13
1,242
DUKING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
509
TABLE LXXX.
of the Department of the South.
1864.
18G5.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY. | FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
Al'RIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
6, 715.
11, 151. 11, 502.
10, 033.
14, 267.
10, 641.
18, 906.
10, 121.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
deaths. : Cases.
)eaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
15
Ifi
17
18
19
20
21
*-3
24
20
27
28
29
30
31
33
34
35
36
37
38
31)
40
41
42
43
44
4.">
' 40
47
48
3
1
17
1
10
2
2
o
4
14
1
1
1
o
4
13
4
131
3
541
78
1,231
2,307
2,577
32
o
19
21
37
1
17
2
1
1
5
3
6
2
48
144
79
7
1
221
52
83
15
4
2
88
140
144
6
4
85
102
2
35
2
39
91
158
18
11
717
107
179
198
1
230
248
19
1
163
4
2
176
15
285
61
3
1,134
54
104
6
10
5
8
6
3
560
81
91
7
9
11
23
°2°
1
1
2
3
o
1
51
5,337
020
1,098
60
73
52
227
10
6
71
19
6
1
10
6
310
53
68
3
2
1
2
1
14
1
1
271
42
66
5
7
12
1
2
4
283
67
56
12
4
1
10
37
96
5
1
6
5
6
4
11
19
157
1
3
2
2
3
1
2
2
7
3
7
17
15
3
37
85
5
8
33
39
22
1
8
17
40
51
60
14
1
32
76
338
264
169
289
o
9
29
41
13
2
4
3
39
14
9
13
3
3
14
6
14
5
32
17
53
10
3
3
1
14
41
5
1
54
6
66
13
9
3
3
105
3
3
1
1
34
21
1
7
4
4
17
1
1
1
1
1
7
3
1
6
2
3
1
3
48
32
1
89
40
1
74
38
1
83
«.C
l
88
19
64
27
1
98
726
286
92
1
11
4
22
22
2
1
1
1
5
1
3
2
3
6
1
1
3
3
2
2
3
3
2
1
o
1
7
1
9
2
10
14
2
1
14
13
12
8
1
2
89
3
4
8-17
29
1,091
30
986
10
1,044
18
1,734
11
1, 585
20
2,649
3r>
17, 252
202
510
SICKNESS AND MOKTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE LXXX.— DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH— Continued.
YEAU
1864.
MOXTU
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
9, 859.
7, 619.
6, 643.
6, 574.
7, 539.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. I Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
1,948
36
1,260
I
2
19
2
26
1
1,254
18
1,612
13
1,242
1
1
30
2
18
1
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
1
C3
3
3
28
44
2
1
1
o
1
1
20
6
6
21
13
10
1
2
35
4
1
1
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
28
25
16
17
15
f I
1
2
65 Ni ht Blindne*
8
C
16
3
ORDER 111. — Diseases of Ear.
1
4
1
2
2
4
68 Deafness
1
4
2
69 Otorrhcea
2
2
5
5
3
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
7° VilvuHr Disc- of H t
3
1
3
1
73 D
2
1
1
74 DroP8y of Pericirdiu
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
3
67
2
1
3
o
1
1
1
1
1
80. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. Asthma
2
35
3
1
53
1
6
70
82. Acute Bronchitis
27
2
84. Dropsy of Chest .
85. Haemorrhage from Nose
1
4
5
2
2
7
38
99
20
0
86. Inflammation of Larynx
9
20
8
4
22
15
1
87. Inflammation of Lungs
o
19
7
3
2
17
18
1
88. Inflammation of Pleura
3
1
1
15
89. Haemorrhage from Lungs
90. Other Diseases of this Order .
1
23
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs.
91. Colic
31
19
1
92. Constipation
20
o
33
4
93. Cholera Morbus
94. Cirrhosis of Liver
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
o
3
11
90. Dyspepsia
33
15
13
7
97. Diseases of Pancreas
98. Diseases of Spleen
!>!). Fistula in Ano
100. Hernia
6
7
6
1
2
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
2,414
42
1,454
27
1,471
20
1,873
15
1, 494
19
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
511
TABLE LXXX.— DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH— Continued.
1804.
1805.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY. | JUNE. TOTAL.
6, 715.
11, 151.
11, 502.
10, 033.
14, 267.
10, 641.
18, 906.
10,121.
49
50
51
53
54
55
5ti
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
80
87
88
83
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
: 99
100
101
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
847
29
1,091
30
986
10
1,044
1
o
18
1,734
11
1,585
1
3
81
7
20
1
1
2,649
33
17, 252
4
27
631
20
262
3
1
1
28
4
36
4
47
3
3
172
31
1
3
1
|
1
1
3
11
o
1
0
10
24
21
17
1
21
O1?
30
1
4
3
60
0
3
1
295
18
5
2
1
2
2
1
1
35
10
17
18
1
3
27
38
49
2
8
4
72
o
1
5
8
10
2
1
1
3
4
1
7
8
1
1
5
38
G
29
1
5
3
2
4
o
16
1
23
3
o
6
1
1
1
4
1
5
1
1
2
3
o
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
5
4
5
1
2
3
2
15
4
68
1,032
63
3
49
5
7
290
8
7
169
12
11
67
8
10
46
10
11
77
3
7
82
9
1
1
1
1
1
9
8
10
2
1
20
47
4
95
141
91
17
16
25
17
10
8
10
13
17
4
10
2
1
1
9
6
7
8
1
4
1
14
12
392
683
70
17
15
1
29
38
3
34
47
35
64
139
11
69
140
20
1
1
68
4
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
11
1
11
1
2
8
2
13
141
1
9
19
1
4
0
1
7
2
3
4
64
6
4
5
9
1
10
1
1,016
30
1,616
33
1,386
10
1,352
19
2,104
15
2, 145
22
3, 348
36
21, C72 288
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXX.— DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH— Concluded.
YEAR
1864.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
9, 859.
7, 619.
6, 643.
6, 574.
7, 539.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
2,414
42
1,454
27
1,471
20
1, 872
1
12
15
1
1,494
1
15
1
19
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
102. Haemomage ro
6
6
3
10
2
1
104. In a a .
1
n
5
9
1
49
10
1
6
2
o
2
61
18
2
13
15
1
12
14
40
9
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
4
1
f P
1
5
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
o
1
2
1
2
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
1
1 i!3 Caries
6
3
2
1
1
2
2
3
128 Other Diseases of this Order
1
10
51
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System
129. Abscess
41
13(5
8
21
37
48
1
11
30
27
57
17
49
C
4
21
130. Boils
131. Carbuncle
4
11
24
8
5
17
1
16
132. Whitlow
133. Skin Diseases
4°
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER 1. — Woundt, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
]2
19
4
6
1
135. Contusions
136. Concussion of Brain
17
13
137. Drowning
138. Sprains
10
1
4
7
0
16
10
i
139. Dislocation
140. Simple Fractures
1
1
2
8
4
1
3
2
1
1
275
9
1
141. Compound Fractures
142. Gunshot Wounds
50
4
4
5
8
3
5
3
7
5
1
143. Incised Wounds
144. Lacerated Wounds
1
145. Punctured Wounds
146. Poisoning
147. Oilier Accidents and Injuries
3
1
148. ORDRi: II. — Homicide
149. ORDER III.— Suicide
2
1
150. ORDER IV.— Execution of Sentence
Total
19
2,879
54
1,717
31
1,679
25
2,063
18
1,972
DUEING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
513
TABLE LXXX.— DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH— Concluded.
1804.
1805.
DECEMBER.
JANUAUY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
AFBIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
. 6, 715.
11, 151.
11, 502.
10, 033.
14, 267.
10,641.
18, 906.
10, 121.
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
12H
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
14<i
147
148
149
150
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
15
Cases. ; Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
1,016
3
30
1.6J6
33
1,386
10
1,352
19
2,104
2, 145
22
3,348
36
21,672
4
204
288
1
"7
38
31
17
26
11
5
19
1
1
6
1
37
9
1
61
6
379
251
7
21
8
4
1
1
1
2
1
2
4
1
4
1
1
1
1
26
13
3
9
1
14
oo
1
6
2
12
1
1
64
47
49
8
1
1
30
1
9
27
21
38
2
4
2
6
4
4
2
1
3
1
2
2
0
3
6
56
10
18
7
3
4
1
3
1
2
1
2
14
10
9
8
2
3
1
!
4
1
2
j ;
2
1
1
i
1
1
" "
1
3
1
8
4
28
1
11
4
1
269
715
56
119
265
46
209
1
219
1
2
2
0
10
24
1
3
3
8
12
34
9
19
20
7
23
20
12
41
1
10
22
3
15
17
41
17
77
12
49
125
5
11
31
6
33
32
1
6
21
6
14
6
14
3
15
20
0
30
1
o
3
6
12
1C
30
1
3
1
46
8
5
1
°0
30
1
3
1
27
13
25
39
4
1
1
1
1
4
9
1
2
1
12
15
10
685
103
21
21
1
1
1
32
1
3
257
1
1
1
1
1
1
13
2
11
o
1
3
4
2't
9
3
2
1
1
0
5
4
7
2
1
1
8
21
3
7
6
1
1
3
1
!
4
!
1,423
49
1,861
35
1,683
12
1, 622
20
2,382
19
2,457
25
3,873
41
25, 611
348
514
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE LXXXI.
Abstract of the Mortality in the
YE AU
1864.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
54,254.
58, 225.
52, 316.
52, 554.
48, 848.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
285
366
3
29
171
1
11
62
165
97
0
18
15
15
0 T^l
29
20
126
' e
21
27
1
3
23
1
15
4
4
2
4
9
268
8
35
421
27
7
14
25
2
11
303
5
8
3
4
..
.
428
475
10
18
5
3
1
14
34
6
11
41
3
5
26
4
3
18 Diphtheria
15
10
1
6
8
10
1
20 Epidemic Catarrh
21 Other Diseases of this Order
30
1
24
1
11
36
10
2
OKDEH II. — Enthetie Diseases.
2° Syphilis
24 Orchitis
27 Serpent Uite
28. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
2
1
o
3
30. Purpura
1
1
31. Delirium Tremens
1
32. Inebriation
1
33. Chronic Alcoholism
1
1
34. Other Diseases of this Order
1
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDEU I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
36. Acute Hheumatism
2
1
3
o
o
1
37. Chronic Hheumatism
1
4
1
38. Anaemia
o
39. Cancer
1
40. Tumors
1
41. Other Diseases of this Order
1
48
1
38
OKDEH II.— Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption.
51
56
27
43. Scrofula
44. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Ztch
46. Tape-worm
47. Other Intestinal Worms
48. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
771
1,049
848
1,018
534
DURING THE YEAE ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
515
TABLE LXXXI.
General Hospitals of the Atlantic Region.
1864. || 18(55.
DECEMBEU.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
44, 225.
38, 237.
38, 176.
36, 155.
43, 948.
40, 773.
19, 190.
43, 908.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
24
25
26
O"7
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
3fi
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. , Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
81
1
16
57
66
1
6
119
146
o
158
17
12
10°
1,813
50
171
203
164
9
11
8
3
1
10
8
9
6
1
7
13
14
12
6
6
1
1
1
4
4
556
4
7
237
2
10
6
2
11
379
3
20
1
4
253
3
6
17
17
36
C
10
216
3
13
61
156
3,947
J07
191
93
133
96
4
84
2
192
3
q
219
8
11
4
10
2
3
6
4
17
6
4
11
5
4
14
5
11
20
13
7
25
25
21
12
1
4
4
6
7
6
0
76
1
26
13
1
34
17
1
21
7
1
305
10
21
1
1
9
5
11
7
2
1
1
1
63
4
12
3
3
6
1
3
4
1
1
1
4
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
4
1
13
8
20
5
1
7
558
5
4
1
1
o
2
2
1
1
1
2
48
2
1
45
2
57
1
4°
43
56
1
1
47
1
2
1
::::::::| ::::::::::
867
446
414
718
607
585
465
8O*H>
, i£!X!
516
SICKNESS AND MOKTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXL— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION— Continued.
VEAH • —
1864
MO.VTII
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
54, 254.
58, 225.
52, 316.
52, 534.
48, 848.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
771
2
1
1,049
848
5
2
1,018
534
4
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER l.—Diseaset of Nervous System.
3
o
4
2
11
3
3
9
3
1
4
3
o
3
2
2
' * g .
&.
1
8
7
4
4
1
2
1
2
6
3
3
OKUEU II. — Diseases of Eye,
TA !U ^.° f i - J
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
68 Deafness
69 Otorrhtea
OUDEU IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
0
1
2
1
3
6
7
74. Dropsy of Pericardium
1
1
75. Inflammation of Pericardium
2
1
76. Inflammation of Endocardium
1
77. Inflammation of Veins
1
78. Varicose Veins
79. Varicocele
80. Other Diseases of this Order
3
1
1
4
5
o
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. Asthma
82. Acute Bronchitis
3
2
1
2
1
1
83. Chronic Bronchitis
1
o
1
1
1
48
1
6
84. Dropsy of Chest
85. Haemorrhage from Nose
1
1
2<)
86. Inflammation of Larynx
1
46
4
1
1
35
6
3
87. Inflammation of Lungs
58
2
88. Inflammation of Pleura
3
2
o
89. Ilifirnorrhage from Lungs
90. Other Diseases of this Order
9
1
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
91. Colic
1
92. Constipation
1
1
S3. Cholera Morbus
I
1
1
1
94. Cirrhosis of Liver
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
o
1
3
4
1
5
96. Dyspepsia
U7. Diseases of Pancreas
98. Diseases of Spleen
09. Fistula in Ano
1
100. Hernia
n
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach
1
1
Carried forward
! ! I
888
1,159
921
1,102
621
1
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1805.
517
TABLE LXXXI.— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION— Continued.
18(34.
1805.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
44, 225.
38, 237.
38, 176.
36, 155.
43, 948.
40, 773.
19, 190.
43, 908.
Cases.
Deaths. • Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Death?.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
49
50
51
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
(iO
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
8!)
90
91
92
93
94
<i5
96
97
98
99
867
446
4
1
414
718
1
1
607
5
585
465
8,322
32
13
4
1
2
1
1
6
6
3
1
6
1
o
66
34
30
1
o
2
4
1
7
4
4
11
5
8
1
2
4
6
1
2
10
20
36
1
4
2
3
5
2
1
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
9
2
1
4
5
1
3
6
45
12
6
10
4
1
3
1
0
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
|
1
2
1
3
10
1
o
1
1
17
3
40
40
6
2
14
SCO
44
13
50
3
1
7
3
45
3
1
4
3
6
9
o
6
3
5
6
1
1
1
1
1
3
153
1
1
113
4
71
4
1
38
5
1
1
4~>
5°
1
o
7
3
1
4
1
5
4
6
""s"\
3
7
2
1
1
1
6
1
2
1
6
1
4
6
3
3
1
1
100
101
1
3
3
1
949
541
624
944
eoo
718
540
!>,807
518
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXL— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION— Concluded.
YliAK
18O4.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
54, 254.
58, 225.
52, 316.
52, 554.
48, 848.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
888
1
1,159
921
1,102
621
ORDEU VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs^ Continued.
1
1
1
6
8
6
o
2
1
7
2
1
1
7
7
2
4
12
3
2
0
1
12
F:
2
6
4
3
1
2
3
2
OUDEU VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
1
2
1
5
2
1
1
2
' "c°n me ce
OltDER VIII. — Diseases of Hones and Joints.
1
1
6
ORDEH IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
129 Abscess.
4
4
3
3
131. Boils ....
131. Carbuncle
132. Whitlow . ..
133. Skin Diseases ..
0
1
1
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Bums
3
2
1
3
135. Contusions
2
3
2
1
136. Concussion of Brain
1
1
137. Drowning
138. Sprains
139. Dislocation
140. Simple Fractures
141. Compound Fractures
1
1,327
1
703
1
360
1
298
142. Gunshot Wounds
392
143. Incised Wounds
144. Lacerated Woucds
1
]45. Punctured Wounds '
1
1
14(5. Poisoning-
1
4
1
4
147. Other Accidents and Injuries
9
3
3
148. ORDER II. — Homicide
149. OlUJEll III.— Suicide
3
1
150. ORDER IV.— Execution of Sentence .
Total
2,264
1,910
1,357
1 505
956
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
519
TABLE LXXXL— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION— Concluded.
1864.
1805.
DECEMBEU.
JANUAUY.
FEHKUARY.
MA UC 11.
Al'KIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
44, 225.
38, 237.
38, 176.
36, 155.
43, 948.
40, 773.
19, 190.
43, 908.
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases. Deaths.
949
541
624
944
800
718
540
1
9,807
6
5
86
45
13
4
23
1
1
6
3
1
3
3
1
1
2
2
2
2
7
3
1
9
5
3
1
1
5
11
2
6
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
1
o
0
1
3
16
"
o
16
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
14
1
1
1
o
1
4
1
1
1
2
34
1
1
1
5
1
2
3
1
1
2
3
1
5
6
17
4
11
1
1
o
1
1
4
3
1
1
6
16
4,184
5
5
o
4
52
5
9
1
2
1
140
3
1
1
1
95
1
1
407
1
4
1
o
2
7°
5 '
89
192
49
1
!
o
2
5
2
2
4
8
4
4
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1,111
650
745
1,074
1,304
937 .
628
14,441
1
1
520
SICKNESS AND MOKTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXIL
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YKAR i4t-
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH, (not including Table LS3CXI)
222 939.
198, 790.
209, 635. 231, 968. 227, 979.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. ; Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS I.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
633
14
1,695
64
3,872
3,873
3,082
227
82
20, 831
2,383
2,687
224
164
35
161
481
13
134
17
75
542
28
1,320
14
3,466
4, 962
2,973
171
105
17, 060
2, 262
2,277
173
169
35
34
505
5
102
4
82
5
4
338
11
1,016
374
3,357
6,185
4, 098
682
244
3
60
70
45
1
2
442
1
936
493
3,169
6,901
4,464
403
63
11, 146
1,452
1,811
153
121
61
279
3
66
200
43
4
5
1
29
35
577
28
53
4
7
417
24
673
38
2,149
5, 261
3,303
299
45
8,381
1,351
1, 356
177
161
34
73
o
228
6
61
18
34
1
1
10
20
381
15
14
8
5
1
4
10
29
326
42
24
8
11
10
19
62
478
60
34
5
10
4
1
11
1
124
12, 916
1,710
1,897
182
102
10
33
1
47
38
257
1,449
718
831
102
<v<*
31
523
40
45
10
1
16 Measles
1
14
1
18 Diphtheria
80
148
230
20
1
31
46
°79
64
103
542
1,066
784
837
13
103
174
12
739
1,149
793
779
21. Other Diseases of this Order
1,731
745
676
108
°7
44
1
1,469
686
632
34
1
20
46
18
2
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22. Syphilis
24. Orchitis
112
134
26
124
25. Stricture of the Urethra
oo
2°
26. Purulent Ophthalmia
00
15
13
28
21
27. Serpent Bite
4
7
100
1
17
41
14
8
3
6
187
13
20
47
3
1
1
14
188
8
2-1
40
8
1
7
905
734
159
3
14
1
69
43
4
1
11
107
11
14
28
6
3
3
2
8
66
3
24
14
6
14
28. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
2
1
1
2
1
4
1
3
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens
2
3
32. Inebriation
1
33. Chronic Alcoholism
o
1
1
34. Other Diseases of this Order
1
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
OUDEH I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Oout
3C. Acute Rheumatism
8<16
788
327
1
16
6
76
1
1
1
4
874
732
280
1
13
20
73
53
1
4
1
4
1
3
4
1,112
680
114
o
1
3
1
1,468
1, 034
67
1
07
2
37. Chronic Rheumatism
38. An.Temia
o
39. Cancer
40. Tumors
1
1
57
1"
41. Other Diseases of this Order . . .
1
56
1
2
41
9
56
35
3
56
54
ORDER II.— Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
63
37
43. Scrofula
44. Other Diseases of this Order
o
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch
319
3
11
46. Tape-worm
7
28
6
31
4
16
6
47. Other Intestinal Worms
1
46. Other Diseases of this Order
3
Carried forward
46, 4P6
1,319
41, 424
1,503
38,778
1,189 37,960
1,467
30,886
8€3
DUEING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865
521
TABLE LXXXII.
of the Atlantic Region,
1HH4.
18(>5.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
235, G21.
243, 610.
263, 062.
272, 259.
298, 320.
302, 010.
217, 772.
243, 664.
Cases, l
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
1
3
4
5
6
7
f
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
20
27
28
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
40
47
48
349
6
377
192
3
39
391
7
353
184
5
42
420
8
348
151
3
26
311
404
206
11
13
£85
11
405
217
8
18
385
5
502
246
19
fji
344
5
347
175
1
67
4,857
127
8,376
783
29,082
48,037
35,179
3,078
661
129, 393
16, 864
18, 436
1,547
2,045
527
2,718
26
849
3,017
9,245
3,108
80
655
309
446
26
24
3
175
30C
4,799
272
257
133
159
9
124
4
1,587
3, 152
2, 455
178
7,151
1,341
948
112
170
27
97
4
79
139
1,248
1, 434
815
743
119
16
23
24
5
1
1, 653
2, 527
1, 859
115
22
0, 700
1, 000
800
110
154
170
114
214
1 739
24
1
1, 517
2,3S7
1, 820
130
25
1
1, 805
2,923
2,110
23
1, 990
3,078
2,640
18
3
2,306
4,215
3,099
184
38
13, 527
1,485
2, 126
119
237
47
424
16
1
2
2,151
3,173
2, 070
234
37
3
3
202
193
52
9, 143
843
1,207
60
220
81
834
5
51
707
769
913
986
1, 009
148
30
11
1
8
136
4
14
64
10
1
o
1
9
6
300
6
8
33
47
11
10
630
]7
18
7
11
3
8
18
11
355
6
18
4
23
8
1
6
30
5, 242
858
682
63
185
94
227
3
102
387
1 3')')
14
15
247
8
13
16
29
21
9
52
5, 804
897
912
58
203
91
s:;o
(i
81
533
1, 043
778
803
893
10
12
429
4
20
11
35
36
1
10
13
27
261
13
2
31
33
25
21
11,372
1,216
1, 733
110
159
20
74
1
36
94
299
10
48
2S6
33
8
6
14
5
10
I
61
434
701
1 222
1,009
1,115
161
18
8
3
82
1
677
695
601
94
19
15
29
1
704
678
004
1U7
20
1
44
2
38
1
24
879
685
7SO
11
2
13,531
9,457
9,620
1,477
271
224
18
89
1,838
78
238
412
85
47
38
15, 567
10, 352
1,490
21
279
84
853
601
14
4,683
67
162
6
410
12
133
"4
135
19
23
14
1°
1
13
118
()
1
9
271
11
16
23
11
13
10
1, 701
677
105
4
3
261
(i
23
30
2
122
15
39
10
1
1
1,675
1, 124
72
5
17
9
79
54
1
428
0
8
101
4
17
20
2
1
9
3
121
6
25
29
0
1
66
6
28
8
5
7
1
32
10
29
5
1
11
666
7
4
1
4
1
5
13
7
3
1
2
1
1
29
31
11
1
4
1, 555
1,017
82
1
30
3
o
3
4
2
2
4
4
1
3
1,522
971
64
1
3
1
5
o
900
573
58
2
23
2
2
1
2
1, 479
890
72
o
3
o
2
1,480
732
90
5
5
2
1
2
o
1
1
°7
26
19
6
51
40
1
3
56
2
13
98
49
1
62
13
85
47
2
470
2
85
57
2
67
1
1
68
65
1
64
2
1
1
57
52
2
339
58
1
52
53
2
1
509
488
6
6
1
582
1
8
13
9
6
r
8
13
1
1
13
|
7
26, 259 1, 161
23, 671
822
21, 453
673
24, 402
946
28, 906
836
37, 894
634
28,950
779
387,069 12,412
GO
522
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXII.— ATLANTIC REGION— Continued.
V'EAU
18(>4.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH, (not including Table LXXXI) —
222, 939.
198, 790.
201), 635.
231, 968.
227, 979.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. 1 Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
u lit fon ard
46, 486
4
76
1, 162
1,319
3
1
41, 424
7
86
886
1,503
10
4
38,778
7
105
503
4
1
1, 189
12
7
37, 960
6
128
588
22
2
4
5
21
320
1,467
9
7
30, 886
9
134
604
12
883
10
3
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDEK I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
1 J *
5° Insanit •
11
3
2
3
47
481
14
516
14
10
10
370
1
15
4
5
14
9
1
16
5
1
1
5
I
4
3
3
1
6
3
4
49
406
19
4
2
1
5o' mution of S lin-il Cord
o
34
387
19
585
24
9
3
304
15 1
309 !
1
24
4
1
24
10
32
33
16
6
5
2
26
5
9
6
2
334
4
1
6
60 Other Diseases of this Order
12
9
5
323
5
OliDEU II. — Diseases of Eye.
62. Cataract
10
285
12
20
18
141
7
33
23
235
167
60
2
3°
3
40
28
6
37
26
8
34
ORDER 111. — Diseases of Ear.
67. Inflammation of Internal Ear
68. Deafness
21
31
69. Otorrhoea
58
11
5
49
8
1
7
3
1
118
97
19
82
731
10S
2
59
69
7
0
58
9
4
1
2
3
119
61
3
94
670
161
15
70
95
165
27
48
712
1, 003
166
3
80
363
70
o
4
1
40
7
1
7
4
4
63
11
4
3
2
6
70
ORDER IV. — Diseasesof Organs of Circulation.
71. Aneurism
0
5
1
13
1
8
1
1
1
3
72
16
o
4
1
9
o
72. Valvular Disease of Heart
13
3
73. Dropsy from Heart Disease
74. Dropsy of Pericardium
75. Inflammation of Pericardium
2
1
1
76. Inflammation of Endocardium
1
77. Inflammation of Veins
1
138
85
1
o
83
78. Varicose Veins
79. Varicocule
71
2
96
1, 058
3
13
71
233
189
31
121
689
1, 160
152
10
44
346
2
1°
41
3
1°0
80. Other Diseases of this Order
5
1
1
5
14
75
577
136
1
38
5
1
3
2
3
1
1
1
1
OiiUEK V. — Diseasesof Respiratory Organs.
81. Asthma
82. Acute Bronchitis
3
1
1, 685
280
83. Chronic Bronchitis
2
1
1
1
84
3
2
6
84. Dropsy of Chest
85. llajmurrhape from Nose
1
1
36
5
o
2
1
3
11
101
383
263
40
221
563
1, 058
82
55
263
86. Inflammation of Larynx
67
55
138
140
29
98
1,140
1,437
395
6
33
418
1
52
5
o
6
3
1
3
1
1
1
45
8
4
2
1
87. Inflammation of Lungs
1-24
187
55
78
88. Inflammation of Pleura
89. Hemorrhage from Lunps
90. Other Diseases of this Order
109
1,097
1 4°'i
9
5
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs.
91. Colic
92. Constipation
1
1
6
93. Cholera Morbus
482
o
4
94. Cirrhosis of Liver
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
33
435
0
3
4
1
96. Dyspepsia
97. Diseases of Pancreas
98. Diseases of Spleen
7
16
24°
1
18
007
14
_
99. Fistula in Ano
16
07
100. Hernia
253
3
2
235
6
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach
10
9
4
1
1
Carried forward
55, 142 1, 498 49, 377 1, 678 44, 5!)7 1, 303
44,600 1,599 38,284 1,030
DUKING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
523
TABLE LXXXIL— ATLANTIC REGION— Continued.
1864.
1805.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
235, 621.
243, 616.
263, 062.
272, 259.
298, 320.
. 302, 010.
217, 772.
243, 664.
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
9]
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. !
Cases.
Deaths.
26, 259
5
133
679
8
3
10
2
48
495
18
1,161
8
5
23, 671
5
140
665
12
822
8
4
21,453
7
126
583
17
8
4
6
33
567
19
673
6
4
24, 402
8
146
728
946
9
5
28, 906
5
78
705
18
7
8
2
11
522
26
19
17
9
3
836
9
1
37,894
4
87
961
834
9
28,950
2
78
918
779
2
1
387, 069
69
1,317
8, 982
12, 412
95
44
14
6
10
10
16
518
14
4
12
9
5
456
16
39
15
1
12
18
16
28
5
3
3
33
526
1
12
3
4
1
3
1
2
35
378
15
101
19
11
4
376
13
189
66
52
49
376
5,413
231
1,414
1/J
99
65
4 559
5
111
79
50
9
6
7
10
6
10
34
504
9
6
11
1
12
7
4
2
15
12
9
1
4
6
6
o
1
1
1
3
1
7
20
151
18
9
5
517
18
73
9
46
27
71
2
1
52
9
4
9
1
2
4
18
60
68
3
5
9
5
7
397
14
29
6
31
25
75
2
10
9
4
10
11
4
408
9
27
12
12
7
7
349
8
17
9
28
°4
440
17
60
3
162
947
89
458
293
67
9
48
11
67
3
2
37
6
1
6
5
4fi
40
11
79
33
33
73
82
100
1
1
56
8
1
7
1
o
878
38
25
639
102
35
81
26
33
1,008
4
1
69
7
4
6
6
2
75
2
50
6
7
16
3
5
98
48
5
112
2,118
303
o
10
154
369
316
40
325
544
1,242
67
1
62
307
2
5
1
0
1
56
10
1
6
4
3
2
37
5
5
9
2
13
3
1
1
1
1
9
5
o
3
1
9
11
108
18
10
18
6
1
5
12
2
7
1
2
2
1
2
1
3
2
4
51
4
80
48
17
78
1,235
225
1
15
130
242
290
41
197
739
I 758
67
33
11
87
3,027
357
16
58
312
46
29
32
84
3,306
429
2
12
277
706
413
43
1,336
415
1 054
63
51
35
621
133
1,045
18, 744
2,858
42
262
1,709
3,836
3,123
451
3,967
8,282
15, 579
2,133
31
546
3, 976
8
56
251
1
3
1
6
11
1
2
19
107
2,309
7
19
254
485
334
37
501
476
1 354
2
1
9
3
1
1
52
1,363
226
2
31
157
346
292
42
345
616
1,418
71
2
2
7
58
665
141
4
12
61
157
184
29
109
796
1, 414
350
0
26
5
55
52
10
3
18
1,299
71
27
63
15
1
25
5
52
4
7
10
2
10
2
9
4
1
6
7
1
2
1
1
5
242
9
2
246
6
4
6
1
2
155
6
4
6
1
4
90
4
4
3
1
1
53
6
2
2
1
88
10
1
5
1
558
350
37
557
495
1 1 258
130
7
0
8
8
1
1
6
65
1
47
306
1
33
1
50
290
4
3
16
165
3
70
1
41
333
200
3
7
1
3
1
7
1
5
30
247
8
39
373
2
o
3
2
293
4
5
24
223
2
1
27
193
4
3
37
215
8
14
164
4
5
16
145
9
26
1
1
1
200
3
2,480
65
4
4
8
1
34, 724
1, 335
33, 557
1,042
32, 315
1,021
33,671
1,317
36,550
1,115
46, 532
1,023
35, 783
901
485,132 : 14,862
524
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXIL— ATLANTIC REGION— Concluded.
v r 18U4.
MONTH ! JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH, (not including Table LXXXI) 2~>2, 939.
198, 790.
209, 635.
231, 968.
227, 979.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
55, 142
1 -
290
1,498
49, 377
6
247
1,678
1
44, 597
9
264
50
33
5
48
944
632
1,303
2
1
6
10
7
3
2
7
44, 600
17
4G6
40
22
3
02
04
795
014
33
29
1, 599
4
38,284
497
63
28
3
04
40
983
554
47
36
12
16
1,030
3
2
10
2
1
OltDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
1G-. Hsemoir age ron
72
30
43
46
626
780
91
49
7
25
1
27
72
14
56
18
4
6
7
20
3
11
9
2
62
04
5
91
28
1, 083
657
58
50
5
30
1
15
79
17
68
11
8
15
6
4
3
8
1
1C
5
1
3
104. n anil) .
10d. In amn a
10 . n amnia ion •>
1U7. ^ute niainm i o
3
2
1
0
31
30
8
20
o
4
o
OUDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
0
12
10
69
20
59
1
3
1
1
5
ir' I*)1 — >f P-
13
91
20
04
6
7
15
2
1
1
1
3
79
15
50
16
15
15
8
9
4
32
3
ORDER V11I. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
8
4
31
7
14
8
3
510
1,444
89
296
2
21
10
13
3
1
483
1,306
80
252
459
102
513
8
9
9
11
1
374
1,038
78
170
453
95
558
3
o
10
12
oo
1
10
4
357
1,033
97
207
128 Other Diseases of this Order
1
6
OilDEli IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System,
4
4
414
1,158
GO
203
3
3
L30. Boils . . . .
131. Carbuncle
132. Whitlow
133. Skin Diseases .. ...
541
90
486
7
2
374
83
515
fi
1
485
121
1
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
3
4
3
13
135. Contusions
3
1
6
3
6
3
o
571
5
136. Concussion of Brain
3
3
137. Drowniag
138. Sprains
391
6
41
8
4,292
170
65
63
35
380
328
410
33
425
139. Dislocation
13
46
28
4, 7G6
148
103
29
31
73
19
140. Simple Fractures
1
4
1,548
1
1
2
°8
41
47
6,236
155
39
16
918
2JO
36
10
54
141. Compound Fractures
1
1,016
0,685
145
1
638
2
739
o
505
1
2
1
142. Gunshot Wounds
143. Incised Wounds
144. Lacerated Wounds
2
112
20
24
31
2
1
81
25
8
65
o
145. Punctured Wounds
140. Poisoning
1
11
3
9
a
147. Other Accidents and Injuries
82
13
o
11
1
7
1
3
2
148. ORDRR II.— Homicide
149. ORDER 111. — Suicide
6
3
9
2
2
150. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence
3
Total
65, 847
3,137
61,126
2,787
57, 204
2,021
50, 880
2,409
45, 646
1,600
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
525
TABLE LXXXIL— ATLANTIC REGION— Concluded.
1804.
1805.
DECEMBER.
JANUAUY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
235, 621.
243, 616.
263, 062.
272, 259.
298, 320.
302, 010.
217, 772. 243, 664.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
102
103
104
105
IOC
107
1 i :,-
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
34, 724
9
G60
55
24
12
57
48
738
492
96
39
6
20
1,335
1
33, 557
6
884
3G
36
6
33
40
G39
444
50
38
G
30
3
17
68
44
65
15
9
15
1,042
32, 315
C
872
58
34
7
52
37
51)8
472
1, 021
33, 671
6
805
G3
18
4
101
56
596
465
31
24
1,317
36, 550
7
599
46
26
3
59
27
362
500
66
31
8
10
1,115
46, 532
15
1,023
35, 783
1
283
40
30
1
68
53
420
442
901
1
485, 132
106
6,391
671
377
56
757
532
8, 247
6,711
636
416
81
247
14
174
933
245
652
137
102
114
72
304
50
163
95
53
4, 922
13, G70
871
2,615
5,571
1,407
6, 789
77
14, 8G2
14
5
50
124
63
26
8
35
1
1
12
3
3
498
80
32
5
79
58
1
9
9
3
1
6
6
10
4
8
3
o
1
o
o
10
6
7
1
o
3
G
I
6
14
3
1
1
3
3
463
653
55
3^
1
1
1
1
45
26
o
4
2
33
32
3
22
4
16
1
9
75
13
59
9
33
8
17
o
24
4
3
1
12
1
14
108
15
46
12
1
3
2
14
82
31
80
11
7
15
6
28
8
22
8
4
40G
1, 105
80
2:;2
4i!8
189
G31
3
7
67
19
33
6
7
7
1
7
74
45
20
1
o
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
69
15
21
2
17
4
11
11
5
7
22
13
10
9
10
5
18
3
8
10
6
335
1,063
49
1G8
340
49
448
4
1
4
5
5
21
1
13
1
2
15
1G
16
32
1
8
1
13
26
1
3
1C
10
5
402
1 120
1
9
8
5
402
865
60
280
2
11
4
3
411
i, o;;s
4
10
9
4
402
1 123
1
2
35
1
o
17
42G
1,317
1
5
1
2
3
1
101
OKI
51
43
188
491
121
83
184
544
106
654
5
244
1 4:w
1
2
5
3
1
478
137
.r89
10
470
154
1
6
7
33
22
71
2
3
160
644
8
4
1
1
619
9
1
4
5G1
9
3
2
10
3
1
3
10
14
493
23
43
13
912
468
G8
18
12
5G1
531
14
47
11
749
469
70
32
496
19
673
26
624
77--)
453
25
33
6
104
214
57
46
101
53
5 P82
34
45
22
5,528
255
98
38
40
131
31
55
7
271
218
81
43
2
2
5
62
1
2G4
496
203
35, 700
3, 333
955
408
404
1 929
2
10
37
6,387
9
1C
5
'J
129
14
35
2
242
3
1
4
109
1
1
39
10
1,480
438
7G
23
1
1
187
1
39
13
3, 759
337
92
35
15
110
1
3
278
1
7
833
1
5
1
5
230
1
1
1
11
1
3
9
11
409
22
1
10
95
184
1
2
6
1
6
8
2
3
3
176
11
1
4
5
20
1
1
4
1
1
1
"8
43, 0'J7
1, 650
41,581
1,213
40, 378
1, 273
44, 283
1,668
48, 220
2,013
53, 893
1, 325
40, 903
1,037 599,064
22, 133
526
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
CENTRAL REGION.
The reports from troops in the Central Region are consolidated into statistical tables
for seven armies or departments, as follows:
1. The Northern Department Table LXXXIII.
2. The Military Division of the Mississippi— Part I - Table LXXXTV.
3. The Military Division of the Mississippi— Part II Table LXXXV.
4. The Department of the Gulf - Table LXXXVI.
5. The Department of the Northwest Table LXXXVII.
6. The Department of the Missouri Table LXXXVIII.
7. The Department of Arkansas - Table LXXXIX.
To these are added —
8. A table showing the mortality in the general hospitals
of the Central Region - Table XC.
9. A consolidated table of the Central Region Table XCL
1. THE NORTHERN DEPARTMENT — TABLE LXXXIII.
As for the previous year, this table embraces all reports received from troops in the
States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin. The latter State is here
included for geographical reasons, though officially forming part of the Department of the
Northwest. General J. Hooker was assigned to the command of the Northern Department
September 28, 1864.
2. THE MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI, PART I — TABLE LXXXIY.
The Military Division of the Mississippi was created by General Orders No. 337,
October 16, 1863, to consist of the Departments of the Ohio, the Cumberland, and the
Tennessee. In preparing the tables for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1864, these
departments were separately presented, but a separate table was given for May and June
(Table LXXII) in which were consolidated the reports from all troops directly cooperating
with General Sherman south of Chattanooga. For the present year it has been thought
best to consolidate the reports from the Military Division of the Mississippi in two tables,
of which the first embraces the garrisons and detachments left behind when the army
under General Sherman moved into Georgia, while the second represents this army.
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865. 527
Part I therefore embraces all reports from troops in the Departments of the Ohio, the
Cumberland, and the Tennessee left north of Chattanooga. It includes those stationed in
the States of Kentucky and Tennessee, in northern Mississippi and in northern Alabama.
The army of the Ohio, (23d Corps,) with the 4th Corps from the Department of the
Cumberland and a portion of the Cavalry Corps which had accompanied General Sherman
on the Atlanta campaign, were detached about the close of October to join General Thomas
at Nashville; they are therefore included in this table for November and subsequently.
About the middle of January the 23d Corps was sent east to the Department of North
Carolina, with which it is consolidated for February and subsequent months.
The troops belonging to the Department of the Ohio, left behind when the 23d
Corps was ordered east, were united with the Department of the Cumberland by General
Orders No. 5, January 17, 1865, by which, also, the Department of the Cumberland was
extended to embrace such parts of Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia as may be occupied
by troops under the command of General Thomas. By General Orders No. 21, February
10, 1865, the Department of Kentucky was constituted to consist of the State of Kentucky.
It is included in the present table. By the same order the portion of the State of
Tennessee not already embraced in the Department of the Cumberland was added to that
department; this portion of the State was that lying west of the Tennessee river. It was
detached from the Department of the Tennessee November 28, 1864, by General Orders
No. 28, which constituted the Department of the Mississippi to comprise the State of
Mississippi, and that portion of Tennessee west of the Tennessee river. The reports
received from the Department of the Mississippi have been consolidated in the present
table.
The most important movements of the troops embraced in this table were those
connected with the concentration of troops at Nashville, rendered necessary by the advance
of General Hood against that place, which led to the battle of Nashville, December 15th
and 16th, and the subsequent pursuit; and the cavalry expeditions under General Stoneman
from Knoxville into North Carolina, and under General Wilson from Nashville through
Alabama and Georgia, during March and April, 1865.
3. THE MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI, PART II — TABLE LXXXV.
This table embraces the army immediately under General Sherman, which at the
commencement of the year was engaged in the Atlanta campaign. (See remarks on
Table LXXII, p. 459.) Atlanta was occupied by the forces of General Sherman
September 2d. The chief engagements occurred in the vicinity of Atlanta July 20th
and 22d, and near Jonesboro' September 1st.
The fall of Atlanta was followed in October by the movement of General Hood to
the north, threatening the communications of General Sherman, who, towards the close
528 SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
of October, detached the 4th and 23d Corps to reinforce General Thomas at Nashville,
and breakino- off from his base prepared for the march through Georgia to the sea. The
last train for the north left Atlanta November llth, and the march commenced November
16th, the moving column consisting of the 14th, 15th, 17th, and 20th Corps, and a division
of cavalry. By the 10th of December the army was before Savannah, Georgia; Fort
McAllister was carried by assault December loth, and Savannah was evacuated on the
nio-ht of the 20th, From Savannah the army moved northward February 1st, marching
through South Carolina and North Carolina to Goldsboro', N. C., which was occupied
March 21st by General Schofield with troops belonging to the Department of North
Carolina.
Setting out from the neighborhood of Goldsboro' on the 10th of April, Raleigh was
reached on the 13th. The army of General Johnston surrendered April 26th, and
subsequently the army of General Sherman was marched to the neighborhood of Wash
ington, whence, after the review of May 23d, the troops were moved to convenient points
for muster-out.
4. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF — TABLE LXXXVI.
This department continued to constitute a portion of the Military Division of West
Mississippi until May 17, 1865. It is however here presented as a separate table,
embracing the reports from troops within the same general boundaries as during former
years.
Among the more important movements of troops may be mentioned the expedition
against the forts at the mouth of Mobile harbor in the summer of 1864, and that against
Mobile in the spring of 1865. Fort Gaines surrendered August 8 and Fort Morgan
August 23, 1864. Mobile was evacuated April 11, 1865,
5. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST — TABLE LXXXVII.
This table embraces the reports received from troops within the States of Iowa and
Minnesota, and the Territories of Nebraska and Dakota.
6. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI — TABLE LXXXVIII.
As during the previous year, this table embraces the reports received from troops
within the States of Missouri and Kansas. Officially the State of Kansas was included in
the department of that name until January 30, 1865, when the Department of Kansas
was added to the Department of the Missouri by General Orders No. 11. By the same
order the Departments of the Missouri and of the Northwest were united under the
DUKING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865 529
designation of the Military Division of the Missouri. It has, however, been thought best
to adhere to the geographical boundaries indicated, which are those employed in compiling
the tables of the Departments of the Missouri and of the Northwest for previous years.
7. THE DEPAETMENT OF ARKANSAS — TABLE LXXXIX.
This table embraces the reports from troops in the State of Arkansas and the Indian
Territory. General J. J. Reynolds was assigned to command November 29, 1864. By
General Orders No. 44, March 21, 1865, this department was added to the Military
Division of the Missouri. It has, however, been thought best to present it separately in
these tables.
67
530
SICKNESS AND MOKTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXIIL
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR 1SG4.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCT01JER.
NOVEMBER.
10, 517.
22, 187.
23,'
26.
26, 269.
14, 006.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases, j Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
deaths. Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
8
5
2
56
9
49
11
47
1
4
13
6
4°
34
1
26
4' V*lV V
138
71
54
18
5
893
61
98
8
2
322
3°9
3
192
662
1
276
609
1
88
144
2
250
125
277
210
• . trtul ' ' e F
1
1
3
5
3
1,520
151
265
13
24
8
11
923
127
205
6
15
6
6
19
4
701
137
254
2.".
19
7
238
1
o
16
3
3
1
13
1
2
o
34
3
68
68
15
2
iT n ' i) •
2
' r . c J J
1
28
2
16
29
9
11
1
10
26
]- si- \\ 10 nd Varioloid
1
1
o
22
1
11
13
100
334
101
148
1
If' M - *•
27
1
18 Diphtheria
12
10
9
1G9
11
16
291
8
18
34
25
55
1
193
70
194
83
136
53
OllDEK II. — Enthetie Diseases.
59
103
40
70
4
24 Orchitis
1
16
5
9
8
17
1
13
7
8
1
27. Serpent Bite
1
8
o
1
o
OUDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
28
8
30. I'urpura
31. Delirium Tremeas
1
1
1
18
1
3
13
1
1
1
18
G
1
1
1
1
32. Inebriation
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
OltDEH I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
9
86
G6
36. Acute Rheumatism
44
30
97
73
37
51
78
1
73
/.O
5
37. Chronic Rheumatism
1
38. Anaemia
39. Cancer
1
1
40. Tumors
o
5
o
41. Other Diseases of this Order
1
10
2
4
8
8
C
3't
1
1
1
1
9
OUUEH II.— Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
6
4
4
20
3
43. Scrofula
44. Other Diseases of this Order . .
4
51
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
43. Itch
18
47
18
40. Tape- worm
3
o
47. Other Intestinal Worms
1
8
1
48. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
1,675
27
4,061
36
2,997
37
3,490
62
1, 183 ; 28
DURING THE YEAE ENDING JUNE 30, 1865
531
TABLE LXXX11I.
of the Northern Department.
1864.
1865.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
A PHIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
14, 492.
13, 844.
28,419.
19, 610.
14,833.
14, 740.
12,917.
17, 9G3.
1
i
5
0
8
9
10
i
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
48
9 |
63
7
40
5
69
12
9
4
21
6
11
4
o
415
4
215
83
3
21
2
2
2
35 4
5
48
3
1
!
14,-)
157
221
8
1
27'.)
50
90
2
91
150
1
488
370
214
269
I
144
1
91
103
75
128
57
2
2
254
82
69
fi
13
5
1
2,264
3,375
2, 199
187
74
' 6, 840
1,414
1, 334
74
535
280
1,188
16
181
752
4 388
14
3
1
1
20
0
123
J3
3
18
50
130
1
5
2
3
200
313
176
17
3
309
1
78
9
8
O"7
31
7
442
525
5
4
3
441)
186
71
1
46
44
38
1
1
310
102
58
14
4
135
86
o
5
1
235
37
4
113
35
498
1
42
318
871
7
1
1
7
4
39
80
33
9
50
46
141
1
0
5
4
37
31
105
1
9
64
41
130
1
2fi
1
7
3
104
56
193
12
2
5
9
1
13
55
1
0
4
8
20
1
1
1
8
£6
294
77
C7
98
15
34
81
1,506
2
1
11
128
242
5
66
125
127
77
127
1
1
14
31
66
33
54
1
1
2
45
548
70
82
71
173
14
1
3
2
189
go
11
123
80
108
16
1
1
3
1,419
797
1 285
16
111
7
102
30
9
138
11
73
5
5
381
4
105
23
3
1
IS
-
1
33
1
11
4
40
97
106
1
3
3
52
1
10
3
18
1
1
1
6
2
4
1
0
6
5
0
1
10
8
10
1,011
758
99
1
o
6
1
124
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
41
40
4i
47
•Ir
119
60
7
1
105
91
111
10
89
86
7
1
81
61
3
51
15
1
1
1
84
66
1
14
16
no
51
12
70°
1
1
15
6
2
81
o
1
8
1
1
1
8
1
21
1
r
4
4
o
4
9
8
3
9
5
10
8
63
145
84
164
10
•
3
11
]
i !
41
4,510
49
2,038
2, 476
27
36
4,517
100
2,446
93 2, 198
997
11 32, 888 547
532
SICKNESS AND MOKTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXUL— NORTHERN DEPARTMENT— Continued.
YEAH
18(34
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEL'TEMBER.
OCTOHER.
NOVEMBER.
14, 006.
10, 517.
22, 187.
23, 726.
26, 269.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. ! Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Brought forward
1,675
27
4,061
36
1
2,997
1
37
1
3, 490
62
1
1,483
28
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
OUDEU I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
4
26
1
8
101
o
9
8
13
5.4
' 42
1
3
1
1
1
1
o
1
1
1
1
2
33
10
65
1
10
1
1
30
1
1
51
1
\ ^ria
50
3
' ^ J *
2
3
1
5
o
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
1
53
62
1
3
4
3
3
4
54
76
32
1
1
0
*
66. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
1
3
o
3
1
4
1
68. Deafness
61). Otorrlioea
7
1°
6
70. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
71. Aneurism ;
72. Valvular Disease of Heart
13
1
8
8
1
1
2
'
73. Dropsy from Heart Disease
1
74. Dropsy of Pericardium
75. Inflammation of Pericardium
2
1
4
1
1
70. luflammat.on of Endocardium
1
1
1
1
4
8
1
1
1
77. Inflammation of Veins
78. Varicose Veins
9
11
31
6
62
7
5
1
3
6
70
79. Varicocele
1
80. Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
1
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. Asthma
4
36
5
82. Acute Bronchitis
78
83. Chronic Bronchitis
44
24
17
84. Dropsy of Chest
1
85. Haemorrhage from Nose
9
23
6
3
3
34
31
1
11
98
47
10
56
1
o
80
9
1
14
86. Inflammation of Larynx
5
15
8
3
3
39
87. Inflammation of Lungs
2
2
1
2
5
88. Inflammation of Pleura
89. Haemorrhage from Lungs
3
10
48
1°5
90. Other Diseases of this Order. . .
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
91. Colic
89
°6
92. Constipation
102
1%
148
15
64
7
93. Cholera Morbus
31
(!5
°3
94. Cirrhosis of Liver
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
0
0
3
1
52
96. Dyspepsia
9
22
7
97. Diseases of Pancreas
98. Diseases of Spleen
1
' i
99. Fistula in Ano
r
1
13
1
2
14
1
100. 1 1 i-rriia
6
30
5
101. Hseinorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
2, 054
29
5,002
42
3,593
42
4,310
69
1,916
35
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
533
TABLE LXXXIIL— NORTHERN DEPARTMENT— Continued.
18(54.
1805.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUSE.
TOTAL.
14, 492.
13, 844.
28, 419.
19, 610.
14, 833.
14, 740.
12,917. ( 17,963.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
fiO
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
80
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
2,038
41
2,476
27
4,510
36
4,517
100
2, 446
93
2, 198
49
997
1
4
6
11
1
32, fc88
90
547
4
9
22
9
36
4
1
1
0
15
73
3
14
3
7
1
97
1
6
65
1
15
1
0
34
5
5
34
0
506
20
1
1
4
6
1
12
4
1
5
1
39
13
33
587
17
15
32
o
1
767
11
19
5
16
1
1
4
31
2
2
10
60
3
4,
1
38
1
1
20
60
1
52
1
1
3
1
1
10
1
1
58
8
5
5
0
1
19
45
1
6
35
101
3
84
5
117
1
50
0
1
o
0
o
1
1
11
51
15
120
5
I
10
14
2
19
14
o
1
o
4
»
2
16
19
4
10
6
y
5
1
8
1
2
3
0
1
1
i
i
1
11
1
1
1
2
03
12
5
9
7
1
23
4
1
1
1
1
1
4
o
1
1
i
1
1
|
1
C
1
1
o
3
4
1
7
o
43
39
66
1, 200
277
4
19
123
1,239
343
57
318
415
1,318
1
10
187
20
1
o
5
1
5
0
1
5
142
4
5
137
21
10
129
48
1
7
20
3
40
11
1
o
45
90
30
0
1
1
1
1
1
3
9
73
1
3
6
6
97
31
8
21
26
126
3
8
119
°9
20
1
11
•
1
196
1
10
11
241
GO
7
42
53
11
1
297
00
3
9
81
136
18
3
24
20
00
8
45
5
15
4
2
4
14
39
6
19
94
1
1
1
13
20
94
143
103
3
84
o
4
0
13
169
1
51
4
11
0
1
50
3
31
3"
31
11
6
278
1
18
131
3
9
2
8
2
25
3
2
8
8
3
i
5,686
2, 722
53 3,190
40 5, 620
07
214
3, 298
163
2,847
73
1,262
13
41,500
8-10
534
SICKNESS AND MOETALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXIIL— NORTHERN DEPARTMENT— Concluded.
YUA.lt
1864.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOIJER.
NOVEMBER.
10, 517.
22, 187.
23, 726.
26, 26!>.
14, 006.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
2,034
29
5,002
1
51
g
42
3,593
42
4,310
3
f®
69
1,916
1
26
35
OUDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
102. I aiinorr iane ron
1°
40
3
3
o
10
3
3
24
2
1
10- l"
0
'•' " ia
1
8
1
28
1
1
1 ~ \ • 1 «• nutrition of Liver
4
3
8
28
3
11
51
17
-•' '-CU ' • ' f 1 ' •
1
104
42
j L 'r0111.°i
37
20
48
21
3d
18
7
3
1
23
(i
1
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary anil Genital Organs,
1
113 Dribetes
8
4
4
2
7
117 1 fl • f > >f K'd
2
5
8
4
o
3
3
2
1
1
2
2
1
120 Hydrocele
1
3
1
ORDKK VIII. — Diseases of JJones and Joints.
123 Curies
124. Inflammation of Joints
1
5
1
1
12(5. Inflammation of Periosteum
2
3
1
1
22
1
1
1V£. Other Diseases of this Order - - ;
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
129. Abscess
19
45
10
4^
131. Boils
19
5
7
57
o
87
5
r)l
131. Carbuncle
o
(j
132. Whitlow.
9
52
2
11
38
7
16
7
133. Skin Diseases
37
8
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
7
41
1
135. Contusions
10
136. Concussion of Brain
4
137. Drowning
138. Sprains
37
O()
°1
13
139. Dislocation..
4
6
1
39
8
3
1
14U. Simple Fractures
1
8
2
141. Compound Fractures . .
1
o
142. Gunshot Wounds...
17
6
0
ii
0
1
46
14
1
1
]
5
1
o
23
q
143. Incised Wounds . .
144. Lacerated Wounds ..
7
2
]45. Punctured Wounds.
3
l4ti. I'oisoning
o
4
o
147. Other Accidents and Injuries
2
3
1
148. ORDER II.— Homicide. .
149. ORDER III. — Suicide
1
150. ORDKR IV. — Execution of Sentence
Total
4,002
2OQQ
, ~co
34
5,590
48
45
4,882
73
2, 193
39
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1805.
535
TABLE LXXXIIL— NORTHERN DEPARTMENT— Concluded.
1864.
1805.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUAUY.
MAKCII.
ATIUL. MAY.
JINK. TOTAL.
14, 492.
13, 844.
28, 419.
19, 610.
14, 833.
14, 740.
12, 917. 17, 9G3.
102
103
104
105
ion
107
108
109
110
111
US
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
14-5
145
146
147
148
149
150
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases Deaths. Cases.
i
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths j Cases.
Deaths.
2,722
1
97
6
3
53
3, 190
13
98
o
14
«
20
40
5,620
1
198
7
5
3
0
67
5,686
214
3,298
163
2,847
73
1,262
5
13
41,500
°5
840
250
83
56
5
7
1
35
15
994
51
48
13
121
4]
34i
343
1
1
1
5
8
1
4
4
8
2
17
3
3
3
10
32
2
1
3
15
1
28
4
6
1
2
8
7
15
22
20
2
1
8
1
30
4
28
33
3
1
7
3
1
o
1
5
3
0
107
33
12
21
1
4
3
7
1
!
I
1
3
80
14
5
2
3
o
7
1
1
11
3
o
12
...
o
3
2
4
1
3
1
15
4
3
3
19
3
10
16
1
173
471
38
2
1
4
1
3
1
1
2
o
o
1
5
3
3
1
1
9
37
4
7
43
9
24
15
25
1
8
32
8
21
18
14
3
17
36
<>
13
39
1
13
38
7
23
16
40
2
14
18
82
6
20
1
52
G
8
54
7
103
2
1
8
1
1 49P!
146
°83
17
24
1
o
5
14
i
3
fi •
18
22
32
26
1
3
23
1
2
39
17
0<)<(
1
4
1
59
7
1
4
1
10
13
48
3
431
132
39
5
6
3
3
1
18
5
1
13
1
19
12
4
1
51
14
o
32
18
3
1
1
44
12
6
9
5
<;
4
1
00
1
1
9
52
1
3
4
19
4
3
0
1
"
3, 122
53
3, 606
45
6,235
69
<>, 192
221
3,707
169
3,314
74 1,414
16 46, 545
836
536
SICKNESS AND MOKTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXIY— PART I.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAK
18G4.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
8G, 232.
85, 244.
69, 638.
72, 613. 130, 029.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORPEII I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
166
202
72
3
10
206
53
o
102
44
106
00
157
1
83
10
261
19
148
22
57
14
3
1,600
2,145
1,720
156
17
3
1
2,378
2,911
2,125
244
21
4
1, 009
2,440
1,508
9
3
764
2,583
1,257
°44
9
4
1
1, 096
2, 238
1, 453
217
4
132
59
5, 849
051
1, 278
127
123
12
128
3
37
209
1G3
12
9
53
33
1
2
4
14
69
5, 444
653
1,008
108
81
13
07
3
20
120
209
10
23
30
28
5
1
129
3, 351
031
990
128
55
4
37
14
10
26
32
14
33
3,798
565
1,103
116
59
8
8
35
15
13
30
4,620
553
1, 089
119
71
17
151
o
8
1
16
6
5
3
4
4
14. Ervsipelas
1
1
14
96
3
Iti. Measles . .
4
17. Scarlet Fever
18. Diphtheria
1
1
15
38
181
328
233
13
105
37
1 9. Mumps
164
87G
20. Epidemic Catarrh
400
360
211
372
21. Other Diseases of this Order
523
2-12
2
372
288
4
5
1
1
385
307
533
~
OUUEII H.—Enthetic Diseases.
22. Syphilis
23. Gonorrhoea
490
513
290
29
24. Orchitis
32
24
3
1
O*i
31
25. Stricture of the Urethra
9
6
5
41
20. Purulent Ophthalmia
44
1
3
81
44
1
3
69
4
8
g
23
27. Serpent Bite
3
15
1
3
28. Other Diseases of this Order
20
102
9
9
o
OICDEU Ill.—Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
38
6
3
6
1
1
1
1
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens
13
7
o
1
1
14
32. Inebriation
33. Chronic Alcoholism
16
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
OKDEH l.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
1
349
239
82
1
355
05
3C. Acute Rheumatism
37. Chronic Rheumatism
38. AnaMiiia
39 Cancer
1
246
41
329
6
576
20
40. Tumors •
41. Other Diseases of this Order .
OltDEK II.— Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
7
38
17
4
1
13
40
17
5
1
3
14
15
o
7
31
3
2
10
15
6
43. Scrofula
44. Other Diseases of this Order .
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch
190
1
9
1
107
2
58
142
197
46. Tape-worm
47. Other Intestinal Worms. .
46. Other Diseases of this Order. .
1
3
1
10
1
Carried forward
17,017
250
18, 287
12,545
183
13, 208
136
15, 623
83
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
537
TABLE LXXXIY— PART I.
of the Military Division of the Mississippi.
1HU4.
18(>5.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
AritiL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
135,221.
155, 998.
108, 707.
124, 534.
125, 603.
130, 269.
87, 791.
109, 330.
1
o
3
4
5
0
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
10
17
18
19
20
21
24
25
20
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
30
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
40
47
48
Cases. .
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
103
29
230
7
174
27
134
8
78
34
150
1
185
27
151
35
145
33
113
2
257
18
1
5
1,895
21
2,012
410
6
112
231
9
3
6
3
202
7
134
5
1,275
2, 375
2,002
251
47
6, C83
1,285
1, 151
144
136
100
040
1
1, 231
1, 852
1,082
6
804
1,280
1,340
109
1
1,302
2,042
1 803
6
3
907
1, 792
1,081
181
20
5,000
555
1,050
80
105
148
409
6
3
2
1,501
2, 197
1, 852
207
130
5,809
1,415
1, 029
137
135
95
152
10
5
1,129
1,108
154
53
4,173
529
988
90
97
25
30
1
15
6
15, 236
25, 087
19, 651
2,357
601
58,475
9, 200
12, 694
1, 328
1,426
818
3,542
15
373
2,752
8 104
96
27
6
3
95
91
407
144
50
49
81
189
1
6
2
2
1
3
3
26
3
3
3
3
2
1
1
5
2
13
233
30
5,405
880
908
127
114
79
449
109
23
5,428
7C8
803
81
201
207
1, 088
3
48
54 8
1
10
32
3
1
9
20
58
4
11
35
10
2
10
11
38
2,849
709
577
05
187
104
289
1
38
105
6
1
46
5
5
6
0
13
9
5
44
7
8
14
41
8
8
45
2
7
8
12
3
8
8
29
36
253
1, 425
633
467
601
55
1
02
1
i
1
49
200
1, 433
500
304
427
3
47
498
1
18
274
118
289
700
481
281
330
36
1 284
030
440
528
3
1
493
459
254
2
2
463
195
5, o?.*>
3,402
5,006
428
64
641
8
57
1,952
111
71
73
32
6
19
6,204
4,113
431
5
80
34
303
235
14
2,914
33
09
8
21
3
1
303
444
42
309
43
368
39
263
40
3
41
26
1
11
01
10
70
9
62
119
52
1
4
497
47
7
8
1
106
6
3
2
1
88
8
2
4
3
132
0
0
1 .. .
4
204
2
83
8
n»
2
1
427
1
2
5
1
4
2
1
13
4
0
2
4
4
043
457
38
1
1
I
2
1
5
1
1
332
202
12
o
818
513
4
590
209
50
1
634
310
43
1
9
1
42
33
4
333
2
6
782
049
10
1
544
371
33
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
4
2
24
17
7
182
9
18
25
17
1
200
3
5
3
5
1
27
15
0
r
0
1
29
43
f
1
33
11
1
2
1
1
56
4
1
1
8
4
1
35
32
2
418
4
0
13
6
3
317
°74
370
o
!
5
4
11
4
17
3 L
2
21,!>78
114
18, 44C
135
12, 134
138
19, 428
192
16, 656
195
19, 695
152
12, 528
86
197, 545
1,889
68
538
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE LXXXIV— PART I.— MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI— Continued.
VKAU
1804.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
86, 252.
85,244.
69, 638.
72, Oi3.
130, 029.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Brou ht forward
17, 017
5
33
374
13
3
250
4
1
18, 287
4
30
334
4
2
1
225
o
12, 54.5
2
15
138
183
1
2
13, 208
1
33
244
136
15, 623
1
53
175
5
3
1
o
83
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDKH I. — Viseasesof Xtrvous System.
P P y
o
1
P ' ^
1
3
7
5
y .
o
0
1
1
.
1
' " a U°f «6
1
32
317
10
101
1
33
56 No f 1 i P
1J
OOQ
17
110
o
11
1
3
3
362
33
2°0
K .
128
58 i'aral -sis
1
5
3
17
1
1
2
1
3
3
2
1
OKUEK 11. — Diseases of Eye.
61. Amnurosis
4
3
420
4
9
4
300
14
13
1
23
62. Cataract
3
331
307
6
23
64. Inflammation of Iris
43
28
4
56
o.
65. Night Blindness
26
17
3
15
66. Other Diseases of this Order
8
OUUEK 111.— Diseases of Ear.
67. Inflammation of Internal Ear
29
68. Deafness
15
t)
54
5
7
13
1
5
69. Otorrluea
37
20
70. Other Diseases of this Order
1C
1
9
3
1
3
3
OKDEK IV.— Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
71. Aneurism
72. Valvular Disease of Heart
3
1
1
5
1
3
1
o
7
1
1
1
7
5
73. Dropsy from Heart Disease
74. Dropsy of Pericardium
1
1
75. Inflammation of Pericardium
2
2
o
1
76. Inflammation of Endocardium
3
77. Inflammation of Veins
78. Varicose Veins
23
15
2
14
10
16
oo
79. Varicocele
14
1
29
30
1
28
5
ft
00
80. Other Diseases of this Order
1
3
ORDER \.-Viseasesof Respiratory Organs.
81. Asthma
82. Acute Bronchitis
1GO
* :
83. Chronic Bronchitis
39
3
12
o
85
1
o
53
3
4
57
235
1
84. Dropsy of Chest
1
4
85. HiBinorrhagc from Nose
1
1
10
86. Inflammation of Larynx
7
73
75
17
18
87. Inflammation of Lunps
80
85
13
33
1
10
41
72
7
17
171
3
1
2
89
59
17
14
198
414
38
7
88. Inflammation of Pleura
89. Httiiiorrliofre from Lunps
17
87
248
90. Other Diseases of this Order. .
42
336
o:;8
176
2
5
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs.
01. Colic
1
92. Constipation
1
494
177
93. Cholera Morbus
1
79
1
62
1
11
1
94. Cirrhosis of Liver
9j. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease. . .
17
140
o
1
19
121
1
6
6
1
1
10
73
1
3
2
10
64
7
1
96. Dyspepsi.-v
97. Diseases of Pancreas
!'H. Diseases of Spleen
!>:>. Fistula in Ano
15 '
1(H. Hemorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
82
2
20, 5G3
312
1
21, 1G5
2.32
14,476 : 203
58
1
15, 567
55
18,786 101
151
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1805.
539
TABLE LXXXIV— PART I.— MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI— Continued.
18(54.
1B()5.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
135, 221.
155, 998.
108, 767.
124, 534.
125, 603.
130, 209.
87, 791.
109, 330.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
50
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
CO
67
68
69
70
71
7°
73
74
75
70
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
65
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
90
97
98
99
100
101
21, 978
3
47
229
6
6
4
8
18
OQQ
14
114
2
1
18, 446
3
35
304
4
135
1
12, 134
2
36
284
9
6
4
6
47
200
24
1
6
2
1
320
138
4
1
19, 428
2
49
324
192
16, 656
5
34
344
3
1
195
3
1
19, 695
3
46
408
7
2
2
1
43
345
20
152
12, 528
86
1
197, 545
31
463
3,421
76
31
19
34
332
3,121
118
159
49
55
33
4 528
1,889
18
12
2
1
52
263
2
2
1
6
6
3
4
38
328
7
3
22
166
6
17
6
2
5
305
12
40
3
14
5
30
1
3
23
15
3
4
1
5
6
4
4
1
1
1
4
1
1
4
1
2
1
1
3
2
5
18
349
8
1
1
1
3
20
2
1
271
1
1
14
12
4
5
4
o
7
6
7
1
474
29
1
12
6
3
406
9
17
4
21
7
33
6
6
4
407
9
8
4
32
7
6
4
386
21
15
3
450
8
8
3
20
13
9
17
171
241
35
329
130
404
55
7
168
40
14
39
18
7
223
153
41
396
5,823
1, 201
43
144
764
3,034
1,507
220
634
2 994
29
2
36
11
39
1
6
30
1
1
34
23
26
11
43
19
31
11
39
4
42
7
3
15
5
0
5
1
14
7
1
4
1
13
5
2
6
1
3
2
23
3
1
3
4
o
20
4
1
6
2
2
1
23
4
1
o
2
14
5
6
7
1
1
o
1
1
2
5
2
1
13
13
1
37
419
132
3
11
50
215
130
18
27
312
1
1
oo
1
19
30
13
4
51
937
140
10
14
126
437
213
27
109
3G4
720
74
1
18
98
07
24
20
1
29
433
69
3
12
10
1
29
4
17
o
46
700
201
4
37
9
32
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
6
7
2
1
3
325
9
o
15
1
1
8
45
849
180
3
£
504
205
27
73
269
0
642
176
1
1
1
1
200
48
6
9
14
70
70
23
10
004
2
1
1
o
50
2
84
411
144
<)
146
529
200
29
56
284
129
16
CO
214
704
48
4
29
75
20
48
o
66
1
44
2
25
3
2
1
118
144
435
59
201
1
o
548
46
39
108
1 0°3
879
100
560
112
1
12
7,283
976
13
238
1,093
40
102
868
22 :
1
31
1
38
52
33
1
1
1
1
18
83
1
17
116
7
1
81
1
6
77
1
8
<>
3
15
1
14
114
4
4
9
74
2
9
99
4
8
06
1
58
04
4
1
20, 700
150
22, 977
206
15,716
207
24, 281
277
20,255
262 23, 887
192
15, 114
99
239, 547 ; 2, 412
540
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXIV— PART I.— MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI— Concluded.
VEAK 1««4.
MONTH JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH 8<>. 252.
85, 244.
GO, 638.
72, 613.
130, 029.
LIST OF DISEASES. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
forward
20, 563
9
10G
31
13
3
3G
312
1
21, 105
11
69
252
14, 476
7
79
12
5
203
1
15, 507
3
77
7
151
1
18, 786
4
144
14
8
101
OitDKR VI. — Distant of Digestive Organs— Continue d.
ffitiioTiagt ro
10>! l''
15
15
4
45
49
439
1
5
1
o
1
1
1
1
1
2
10-' 1 ' 11 of Bowels
5
5
f r '
1
107 \ f f i ' -r
1
35
41
6
09
. ' < '•'« n
211
249
1
05 !
3
245
144
4
10
265
433 '
110 Piles
144
14
13
3
12
234
22
13
1
24
17
7
5
16
14
8
6
OB.DEK VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
11
1
4
45
12
3
11
44
2
8
4
4
5
33
7
6
3
1
26
118. Inflammation of Bladder
4
15
7
7
2
119. Incontinence of l.'riue
20
7
3
4
3
10
3
120. Ilydrocele
121. Other Diseases of this Order
4
3
8
3
OUDEii VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
122. Anchylosis
4
o
5
123. Caries
o
124. Inflammation of Joints
9
r
7
125. Inflammation of Bones
1
126. Inflammation of Periosteum
3
o
7
3
127. Necrosis
]
1
128. Other Diseases of this Order
2
246
471
37
136
155
30
100
6
104
ORDER IX.— Diseases of Integumentary System.
129. Abscess
1
161
419
31
88
133
17
83
1
72
113
266
134
130. Boils
185
14
131. Carbuncle
132. Whitlow
40
98
18
133. Skin Diseases
118
54
3
146
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
135. Contusions
1
2
5
88
110
2
1
12
136. Concussion of Brain
137. Drowning
138. Sprains
1
3
o
67
5
1
140. Simple Fractures
141. Compound Fractures
142. (iunshot Wounds
6
11
6
028
40
18
16
6
34
1
91
4
11
4
329
32
6
8
10
6
39
6
9
0
139
21
11
1
14
2
18
20
258
23
23
1
20
1
10
2°
8
1,157
78
31
26
143. Incised Wounds.
144. Lacerated Wounds
145. Punctured Wounds. . . .
146. Poisoning-
147. Other Accidents and Injuries
M8. OKDBR II.— Homicide...
1
6
1
1
8
5
1
1
1
o
8
1
o
15
4
1
149. ORDER \l\.— Suicide
1
150. OUUER IV.— Execution of Sentence
2
Total 23,408
431
23, 591
313
16, 040
*.o3
17,185
179
22, 113
152
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1 865.
541
TABLE LXXXIV— PART I.— MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI— Concluded.
1804.
1805.
'
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
135, 221.
155, 998.
108, 767.
124, 534.
125, 603.
130, 269.
87, 791.
109, 330.
102
lOli
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
14!)
150
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
26, 760
5
169
27
10
1
23
58
459
325
17
26
4
3
150
22, 977
20
206
15, 716
14
192
207
24, 281
11
363
18
24
2
55
277
1
20, 255
10
247
14
24
1
75
262
23, 887
9
151
24
23
o
75
192
15, 114
10
67
19
4
4
43
273
153
99
239, 547
113
1,874
2'55
179
2'
549
375
3,425
2, 412
4
210
07
21
3
52
38
373
310
15
7
8
17
1
2
3
2
27
20
4
40
28
206
106
11
3
8
16
3
7
32
11
12
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
0
2
1
13
22
15
4
4
11
2
28
160
200
12
2
1
18
170
180
13
16
9
7
1
7
43
4
5
4
4
1
1
10
1
6
1
1
113
249
13
61
107
24
45
1
2
1
1
191
225
2
9
oo
1
13
12
3
3
170
161
64
87
63
4C4
97
124
48
58
58
44
108
10
27
35
9
1,663
3,575
265
2
8
4
2
6
5
44
8
15
4
23
o
5
9
55
10
10
e
2
5
1
4
4
48
13
5
1
7
16
8
9
1
6
6
3
156
311
2
30
9
7
4
5
9
41
10
14
4
2
5
3
20
1
1
7
5
4
18
7
4
C
1
5
1
6
1
2
1
136
320
2!)
49
184
59
190
4
5
5
2
125
141
342
155
91
23°
1
218
264
16
53
136
65
128
1
11
43
100
41
88
5
12
47
164
44
148
4
17
59
53
713
1,434
97
40
159
o
83
34
100
4
1
1
2
4
447
1.4C9
33
1
7
14
59
1
1
4
6
148
1
1
1
3
1
2
7
7
6
206
11
24
30
2,231
99
48
13
6
125
163
12
156
12
20
232
176
11
25
234
130
11
16
1 7%
1
14
23
10
124
78
19
24
133
228
98
5,600
739
133
69
477
1
1
5
266
7
1
1
1
37
15
7
0
19
4
84
120
8
15
30
5
76
54
19
1
4
5
82
82
17
6
3
38
1
7
4
438
68
13
16
3
20
1
15
1
21
2
8
1
17
1
54
44
19
4
10
3
32
1
22
8
38
5
17
66
1
2
1
90
1
7
o
il
4
6
1
o
4
1
1
i
i
2
2
31, 7«iC
186
25, 585
230
17,611
232
26,659
311
22, dl8
299
26, 153
230
Hi, 821
119 8tI9,G10 2,915
542
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXV— PAKT II.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1SG4.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER. OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH "-
137, 176.
132, 296.
129, 405.
118, 800.
78, 927.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDEit I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
149
1
212
77
4
188
40
o
5
51
1
111
35
71
26
30
4
22
5
I
4
79
6
2, 154
2,491
8
2,056
2,278
1,964
232
13
1
1,518
2,181
2, 114
166
43
5,170
673
1,893
149
86
13
1
1
1
13
11
116
37
14
I, 012
1,623
1,380
143
42
3,111
400
1, 123
107
60
3
15
15
4
531
675
704
43
10
2,022
224
485
60
49
4
2,056
199
49
7, 016
808
2,371
185
108
1
9
1
1
4
10
135
43
11
9. Congestive Intermittent Fever
6
20
75
21
10
46
6,994
880
2,670
170
128
2
5
3
8
106
14
20
1
5
2
4
6
8
1
73
1
18 Diphtheria
9
53
1
12
31
105
11
15
1
7
23
94
270
83
125
31
2
1
51
56
135
120
587
1C1
220
5
569
127
0
126
3
2
1
117
58
74
8
3
3
1
OKDEH II. — Enthetie Diseases.
22. Syphilis
1C5
173
15
1
26
24. Orchitis
17
3
5
26
1
1°
27. Serpent Bite
4
6
914
11
1
3
2
o
2
28. Other Diseases of this Order
3
869
2
15
620
1
1
"S2
ORDER III.— Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
5
1
229
3
2
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Trcmens
2
3
32. Inebriation
1
1
1
1
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
15
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
1
478
1
520
278
50
30. Acute Rheumatism
507
311
54
3
3
477
200
35
1
3
302
129
7
37. Chronic Rheumatism
287
96
3
1
1
38. Anaemia
39. Cancer
1
40. Tumors
5
3
22
22
_
9
2
25
2
41. Other Diseases of this Order...
3
23
°2
20
14
1
9
OUUEH II.— Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
4
4
1
3
1°
43. Scrofula
44. Other Diseases of this Order. . .
1
80
1
2
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch
110
2
5
54
80
33
1
4
46. Tape-worm
1
7
47. Other Intestinal Worms
3
48. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
230
20, 992
233
20, 673
16, 826
253
10, 889
275
5, 859 30
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
543
TABLE LXXXV— PART II.
of the Military Division of the Mississippi.
18G4.
1865.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APUIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
77, 585.
75, 851.
70, 707.
69, 818.
75, 184.
78, 514.
28, 339.
89, 384.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
24
as
20
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
4(i
47
48
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. .Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
44
23
71
1
67
16
13
21
30
15
18
18
2
2
13
15
9
C21
11
9G7
291
4
45
56
3
8
16
3
60
10
107
32
g
17
1
480
654
682
44
C
1,980
220
473
39
41
4
148
15
783
1,093
979
11
1
346
588
522
20
6
1, 495
168
235
vO
25
37
6
435
609
530
31
15
2,061
290
310
42
35
6
19
10
2
700
1, 056
901
58
8
2,245
376
433
43
51
13
36
4
733
926
793
52
2
305
323
300
18
4
1 277
11, 113
14, 494
12, 925
1,104
252
38, 275
4,880
11,294
947
701
99
451
101
11
3
3
58
89
660
J74
85
12
13
23
1
1
4
5
61
9
6
3
3
4
98
8
2,450
349
578
40
48
37
67
2
7
23
16
11
1
4
11
47
20
9
1
1
5
10
13
39
6
3
1
6
4
o
34
1
1
4
3
4
15
2, 454
288
488
50
46
1
o
13
1
210
235
37
3
5
1
1
8
29
14
0
1
12
35
99
1
54
62
9
17
47
192
36
2
67
314
979
2,865
670
1 260
4
14
53
59
48
40
4
5
11
94
51
26
7
23
40
41
114
4
155
115
79
3
o
244
53
95
10
1
29
1
90
13
40
6
3
1
59
65
6
1
7
20
3
14
1
3
56
1
1
1
8
2
13
101
27
148
11
33
2,992
°4
1
4
9
1
65
2
14
1
94
1
1
1
1
35
11
1
1
33
9
0
1
1
3
7
16
o
19
6
4,409
2, 2C8
328
40
26
147
139
1
763
16
33
1
1
1
1
~
1
3
1
381
254
20
1
360
162
275
103
6
1
487 2
204
292
102
236
1
94
-
12
1
135
1
1
2
43
10
15
4
30
1
1
10
8
6
1
5
12
1
9
13
4
1
1
3
5
3
4
6
6
1
1
2
1
3
3
3
14
1
2
78
82
I
2''
36
2
97
75
3
3
9
3
0
2
;
5, 619
118
8,05fi
140
4,206
130
5,173
119 7, 498
90 7,051 42
3,211
6 : ll(i, 053 i 1,666
544
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TVBLE LXXXV-PART XL-MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI— Continued.
1864.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
137, 176.
132, 296.
129, 405.
118,800.
78, 927.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. ' Deaths.
,20, 992
3
16
457
10
2
233
4
20, 673
26
457
230
6,826
3
35
303
7
2
1
3
21
242
16
5
3
11
o
253
2
1
10, 889
2
17
188
275
5, 859
1
15
85
2
1
30
1
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Diseases of Xervous System.
49. Apoplexy
50. Epilepsy
51. Headache
52. Insanity
53. Inflammation of Brain
2
9
4
1
1
2
5
1
1
1
1
54. Inflammation of Membranes of Brain
o
3
11
453
4
68
4
1
1
3!
11
165
55. Inflammation of Spinal Cord.
16
4
93
383
9
57. Neuralgia
10
4
1
3
56. Paralysis
59. Sun-stroke
182
4
4
1
1
2
OUBE'U II. — Diseases of Eye.
3
%6
4
246
239
177
2
125
106
1
42
13
216
7
38
6
39
8
2
6
6
1
2
5
19
17
3
25
3
293
5
22
13
164
5
20
3
3
2
6
3
OitUEU III. — Diseases of Ear.
12
4
15
48
O
7
29
' e
Ouitiill IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
~o V' D' • •• • f H • rt
12
2
1
2
7
1
10
2
1
3
7
1
5
1
1
2
01 ^ of Pericardium
5
1
3
1
1
2
1
11
11
o
37
311
45
30
20
1
15
17
11
4
33
269
35
1
o
16
7
1
13
239
23
2
1
15
98
43
7
5
247
85
46
60. Other Diseases of this Order
1
3
OIIUER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. A sthma
239
42
1
4
35
124
80
17
25
516
60°
1
1
281
21
1
1
o
84. Dropsy of Chest
85. Ilienioi-ihage from Xoso
1
°0
r
86. Inflammation of Larynx
°0
20
96
65
19
29
351
252
87
3
1
o
6
86
84
30
26
597
580
239
1
20
125
9
83
75
15
26
467
420
134
7
1
o
8
68. Inflammation of Pleura
89. Haemorrhage from Lungs
1
1
90. Other Diseases of this Order
1
ORIJER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
91. Colic
1
1
92. Constipation
1
1
2
1
1
93. Cholera Morbus
191
1
94. Cirriiosis of Liver
93. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
28
20
85
2
11
6°
4
"2
96. Dyspepsia
97
1
97. Diseases of Pancreas
3
98 Diseases of Spleen
4
11
C.I
1
8
71
2
3
7
1
99. l'i:itula in Ami
V
1
3
40
100. Hernia ' 61
101. lltemorrhage from Stomach ! 1
2
231
24, 613 258
19, 828 283
13, 067 290
7,157 i 43
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
545
TABLE LXXXV— PART II.— MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI— Continued.
1864.
1865.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEHRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
77, 585.
75, 851.
70, 707.
69, 818.
75, 184.
78, 514.
28, 339.
89, 384.
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
79
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Death?.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
5,619
118
8,056
1
12
136
3
o
140
1
1
4,206
1
8
59
130
1
1
5,173
1
8
33
1
119
1
1
7,498
o
144
5
90
2
7,051
1
9
1°7
42
2
3,211
6
116, 053
15
170
2,108
47
17
3
i'3
1 079
1,666
13
5
9
84
2
4
3
35
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
2
17
3
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
81
4
4
8
147
8
23
1
5
9
121
1
54
4
1
5
79
3
1
1
47
1
3
114
2
81
6
3
1
100
1
8
2
2
2
3
6
1
1
1
67
366
25
37
11
1,596
45
889
27
2
4
1
1
2
1
109
o
1
1
4
78
1
0
48
79
105
43
0
1
3
2
1
5
1
5
11
2
3
2
8
6
3
3
9
7
4
5
2
3
1
2
123
42
166
15
3
71
10
8
17
7
6
173
92
12
215
2,515
315
7
3
1
9
1
3
o
4
0
2
1
2
1
1
2
3
2
1
5
G
1
17
10
1
o
o
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
o
13
6
15
°2
19
4
2
6
4
5
1
14
310
39
0
1
5
1
4
6
1
16
137
13
1
9
206
18
11
138
23
1
19
170
20
14
167
31
9
48
1
1
1
1
1
1
oo
1
8
59
38
6
18
104
62
3
4
45
52
4
9
43
45
5
5
170
7
85
30
11
6
195
92
33
2
35
30
6
8
105
2
12
15
4
3
69
1
164
844
639
126
193
3, 180
2, 928
885
181
G4G
3
20
1
87
5
4
4
3
3
12
12
1
1
78
70
4
24
5
17
9
1
4
7
1
18
182
1
1
177
192
77
18
211
243
112
1
18
20
3
1
3°
36
31
1
1
13
75
30
1
29
34
1
18
14
23
3
15
60
1
-
1
15
4
6
15
„
8
24
1
3
11
I
0
4
26
60
418
10
1
1
11
1
1
37
1G
1
2
6,<;n)
140
9,565
154 4, 987
162
5,944
145
8,917
105
8,440
54
3,728
10
137, 703
1,895
C9
546
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE LXXXV— PART II.— MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI— Concluded.
VKAH
1864.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
137, 17C.
132, 296.
129, 405.
118
Cases.
800.
78, 927.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Brou ht forward
24,838
12
87
13
10
251
1
1
24, 613
258
1
19, 828
6
80
7
14
3
283
1
13, 067
3
78
8
7
1
15
10
237
188
14
4
1
4
290
1
1
2
1
2
7,157
43
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
63
15
17
32
6
0
1
4
9
96
117
3
1U3. n am
1
1
o
5
3
f P 'f
11X> " a f T ' •
39
°1
48
17
248
280
12
39
17
327
255
1
1
2
\CUtC. H • •
2
1
187
249
64
11
1
1
33
9
4
8
1
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
10
2
8
11
49
11
14
3
113 Diabetes
1
1
3
9
1
7
37
8
9
2
3
o
6
36
6
12
4
28
4
9
4
8
5
6
2
118. Inflammation of Bladder
I'M. Hydrocele
5
4
1
0
121. Other Diseases of this Order
3
4
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Hones and Joints.
122. Anchylosis
2
2
11
1
1
11
123. Caries
1
5
—
124. Inflammation of Joints
1°
13
125. Inflammation of Bones
o
1
4
126. Inflammation of Periosteum
5
1
7
5
1
1^7. Necrosis]
3
o
128. Other Diseases of this Order
1
137
1
79
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
129. Abscess
259
G°6
232
798
207
1
131. Boils
131. Carbuncle
5° '
85
65
1
65
58
37
36
154
11
05
132. Whitlow
7°
133. Skiu Diseases
1C9
50
157
3
183
43
158
12
169
43
3
68
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
1
3
1
1
o
1
1
1
1
31
128
1
13"). Contusions
1
86
1
130. Concussion of Brain
137. Drowning
139. Dislocation
140. Simple Fractures
131
8
9
17
5,331
51
26
13
20
64
153
4
16
9
2, 690
67
53
133
4
9
3
1,415
43
20
20
180
6
190
5
13
1
234
36
14
9
1
5
142. Gunshot Wounds
2
355
5
447
4
8
256
14
520
50
84
20
143. Incised Wounds ...
145. Punctured Wounds
1
1
25
10
7
24
147. Other Accidents and Injuries
7
9
17
4
18
9
1
1
1
2
4
148. ORDKK II. — Homicide
140. ORDER III.— Suicide
1
150. ORDER IV.— Execution of Sentence
1
32, 685
629
30,065
741
23,689
556
15, 487
389
8,549
69
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
547
TABLE LXXXV— PART II.— MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI— Concluded.
1804.
18(55.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBUUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
Jf.NE. TOTAL.
77, 585.
75, 851.
70, 707.
69, 818.
75, 184.
78, 514.
28, 339.
89, 384.
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
140
147
148
149
150
Cases.
Deatha.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths .
Cases. Deaths.
6,619
140
9, 565
4
64
5
7
154
4,987
162
5,944
1
23
6
2
1
7
6
124
145
8,917
1
42
105
8,440
6
25
3
14
54
0 70 Q
O, /~O
10
137, 703
33
557
76
89
10
214
106
1,801
1,817
160
69
59
1
48
211
1,895
4
0
4
17
2
o
4
4
2
3
1
1
2
28
4
4
1
11
6
93
123
4
5
5
8
24
o
5
11
1
3
1
1
6
4
1
13
6
124
115
4
13
1
5
3
1
10
8
1
96
60
2
o
1
17
10
72
3
1
158
155
10
3
39
36
3
3
1
o
1
108
2
o
131
9
5
1
1
1
1
1
5
6
1
3
8
5
6
3
1
4
6
4
4
4
5
1
1
5
2
1
4
4
3
3
1
3
1
3
1
1
1
o
2
3
1
1
1
1
5
55
73
23
18
16
11
82
3
35
15
8
i, ar)i
4,277
4
2
1
3
1
1
4
1
1
2
19
2
3
1
o
4
1
4
1
o
3
2
1
1
1
o
89
242
20
29
71
31
65
68
287
55
174
16
42
64
246
91
301
34
"4
58
243
25
12
1
43
20
23
8
3
396
453
1,133
400
1, 093
23
1
50
121
23
26
40
47
1
38
25
75
1
59
30
53
1
49
41
96
12
21
72
1
1
o
0
5
6
17
1
29
1
4
1
3
o
1
101
5
5
3
356
38
23
6
8
5
109
2
4
3
53
89
12
176
7
12
128
6
9
35
121
251
32
1,705
54
107
P9
12, 545
569
222
150
125
303
5
9
0
3
6
1
37
3
227
52
1
15
13
1
I
11
1,425
5
13
12
29
1,648
48
8
14
19
10
155
1
1
47
50
8
14
11
7
28
9
32
1
24
11
12
1
1
4
7
8
123
5
5
8
12
1
5
4
1
1
7
1
1
1
2
0
2
1
8,038
J81
10, 965
173
6,213
198
8,669
317
10,163
139
9,752
61
4,034
16 !
168,309
3, 469
548
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXVI.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1864.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
38, 485.
40, 496.
36, 277.
35, 869.
36, 432.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
137
105
153
25
4
75
8
139
21
374
7
126
19
47
1
117
8
62
12
21
24
20
61
4
048
1, 390
1, 017
254
91
2, 935
4li3
662
68
29
8
1, 3.59
1,847
1,681
346
76
3,242
519
886
93
34
8
4
18
1
1
779
1,413
1,820
216
4
567
1, 557
1 543
12
1
344
95°
1 195
3
3
1
7
6
42
12
6
186
59
2,087
386
' 731
83
22
18
1
185
22
6
67
23
19
58
2, 492
608
862
115
15
9
11
9
78
14
18
1
14
5
58
14
9
1
44
1,517
298
523
69
56
4
7
3
34
12
1
8
30
1
1
1
1
17. Scarlet Fever
18. Diphtheria
19
1C
48
35
155
2U4
1
13
10
72
6
4
1°
6
9
113
82
101
90
21
19. Mumps
2
1
13
7°
20. Epidemic Catarrh
3
21
176
142
2
1
47
125
116
]
99
104
101
18
1
1°
2
1
1
OKDEK II.—Enthetic Diseases,
22. Syphilis
23. Gonorrhoea
24. Orchitis
21
20
1
15
10
23. Stricture of the Urethra
C
9
4
11
20. 1'urulent ( >phthalmia
15
1
3
715
3
4
19
27. Serpent Bite
1
14
346
4
6
16
28. Other Diseases of this Order
6
191
6
7
19
3
1
209
OKDEK III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
1
21
232
3
6
13
3
8
30. Purpura
1
31. Delirium Tremens
6
5
32. Inebriation
1
1
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
OKDER l.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
1
191
121
84
1
11
17
15
14
36. Acute Rheumatism
198
51
131
92
67
207
82
30
1
37. Chronic Rheumatism.. .
1
1
1
66
41
39. Caucer
40. Tumors
97
2
1
41. Other Diseases of this Order
OKDEU II.— Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
1
26
9
2
2
6
8
23
9
5
14
12
4
o
13
5
5
43. Scrofula
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
4."). Itch
7
6
2
48
3
6
28
53
68
3
47. Other Intestinal Worms.
6
5
2
3
48. Other Diseases of this Order.
Carried forward. . .
10, 033
146
11,886
216
10,410
208
8, 435
i.
6,407
91
DURING :THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
TABLE LXXXVI.
of the Department of the Gulf.
1864.
j 18G5.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEHRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
38, 8(iO.
37, 374.
51, 366.
54, 605.
57, 743.
53, 908.
66, 127.
45, 629.
1
3
4
5
G
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
24
25
26
OV
28
20
30
31
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
Cases.
Deaths.
1 Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
21
5
14
5
29
2
17
o
20
2
22
3
36
1
21
10
53
2
54
17
1
7
893
129
764
126
108
1
17
3
18
1
22 1
22
3
o
293
575
715
116
8
1,148
256
277
47
19
39
8
1
7
17
73
106
90
106
16
4
7
1
203
626
327
874
737
1
314
887
934
139
7
1
429
1,123
1, 134
1
438
1,023
1 273
13
939
1,876
1 544
8
6,940
14,143
15, 079
2, 0(18
575
26, 159
4, 632
8,086
892
401
360
294
3
120
233
1 293
76
3
4
1
78
56
4J3
113
76
9
25
10
G86
110
22
1,034
172
343
40
28
66
32
104
19
1, C07
299
397
40
41
76
59
112
133
167
C6
3,441
579
799
84
55
22
26
1
1
4
4
1
2
9
2
2
3
6
2
1
8
3
4
3
1
38
1,802
352
613
54
31
33
64
3
2
17
2
3
20
2,270
3«2
1,050
5G
54
14
51
74
2,584
368
943
143
45
11
13
3
5
26
8
6
1
7
27
17
3
4
25
o
1
1
4
3
1
6
3
4
30
17
117
119
100
112
14
10
49
288
110
156
158
27
r
5
26
124
3
20
4
20
150
274
1
3
32
91
80
130
141
15
70
188
132
121
2
1
1
204
124
123
2
1, 365
1, 623
1, 750
223
30
130
5
28
2,385
73
55
148
4
15
230
336
17
1
7
1
18
26
7
11
5
15
1
11
JO
1
1
32
28
4
8
.
03
12
1
3
1
2
40
G
o
5
95
2
185
o
98
3
1
179
4
11
27
37
1
1
1
1
3
12
_
16
1
1
1
1
1G7
65
29
5
314
97
14
2
282
102
32
9
2,701
1,139
453
5
49
35
17i>
109
1,005
33
25
4
196
100
253
303
154
3
250
103
4
1
7
1
9
10
2
5
1
106
15
19
1
! 2
6
1
7
8
1
}OO
4
1
5
9
10
1
13
8
3
12
6
35
15
7
2
3
2
1
24
15
5
1
159
85
126
76
89
119
4
1
1
o
1
1
o
4,415
43
4, 462
36
6,063
32
6,388
48
8, 2~2
54
8,271
SO
11, 576
108
96, 62^ !,:.'! 4
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXVI.— DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF— Continued.
1804.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAK STRENGTH
38, 485.
40, 496.
36, 277.
35, 869.
36, 432.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
)eaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
10, 033
146
1
11, 886
6
19
119
3
3
216
6
10,410
3
14
111
4
1
1 1
9
208
2
2
8,495
152
6,407
91
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseasesof Xervous System.
49. Apoplexy
50. Epilepsy
10
121
3
8
16
73
1
2
6
66
1
2
1
1
52. Insanity
1
2
1
1
2
1
8
10
113
3
25
4
13
77
5
o
1
4
55. Inflammation of Spinal Cord
56. Nostalgia
20
181
5
33
1
1
25
120
5
11
3
5
5
142
2
6
93
1
58. Paralysis
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
2
4
OKDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
177
5
25
3
8
176
7
48
1
15
3
18
44
156
5
110
3
10
5
55
1
24
o
ORDER III.— Diseases of Ear.
10
4
11
1
15
13
' " a
17
33
20
37
o
ORDER IV. — Diseasesof Organs of Circulation.
8
3
2
2
2
4
1
8
1
1
2
1
1
1
5
o
'
2
P J .
1
1 y . _
3
1
1
12
7
13
9
140
15
3
6
3
37
°7
6
4
.
1
77 I f V '
1
7H V ico V '
0
14
9
1
26
7
5
12
7
4
3
26
2
1
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
8
125
14
171
99
26
4
o
250
83. Chronic Bronchitis
21
1
1
15
33
1
84. Dropsy of Chest
1
1
85. Haemorrhage from Nose
4
17
29
30
10
14
119
128
14
34
16
8
1
2
15
87. Inflammation of Lungs
2
34
24
2
5
46
37
3
24
92
119
17
1
17
36
5
88. Inflammation of Pleura
89. Haemorrhage from Lungs
15
8
16
167
208
44
1
1
1
90. Other Diseases of this Order
9
223
282
60
1
ORDER VI. — Diseasesof Dif/estire Organs.
91. Colic
149
1
92. Constipation
93. Cholera Morbus
24
1
24
1
94. Cirrhosis of Liver
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
24
49
1
6
4
41
1
1
24
44
29
33
1
26
41
2
96. Dyspepsia
97. Diseases of Pancreas
98. Diseases of Spleen
3
4
41
o
6
7
35
7
4
23
5
5
18
99. Fistula in Ano
100. Hernia
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach
1
1
11,685
160
13, 306
229
11, 789
231
9,585
165
7, 528
103
DUEING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
551
TABLE LXXX VI.— DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF— Continued.
18(54.
1865.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
38,860.
37, 374.
51, 366.
54, 605.
57, 743.
53, 908.
66, 127.
45, 629.
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
4,415
1
11
61
43
4,462
o
14
57
0
36
1
6,063
2
16
73
1
1
1
1
32
6,388
1
16
79
4
2
48
1
1
8,222
1
11
119
54
1
2
8,271
80
11, 576
108
96, 628
16
173
1 177
1,214
12
8
1
18
109
5
1
22
189
3
7
34
26
8
37
119
1,415
48
97
17
39
18
o ijg
1
4
I
1
5
4
88
4
3
6
11
88
11
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
o
2
3
130
1
5
85
3
157
19
154
3
18
5
129
8
4
o
1
6
1
3
7
2
o
2
1
3
1
'l
3
1
o
1
7
1
130
4
3
3
10
205
2
8
133
1
6
190
6
31
9
13
5
14
1
190
3
78
277
13
49
272
7
5
15
74
385
31
163
38
184
123
o
55
17
15
21
7
4
87
69
23
194
2,356
329
20
35
173
615
395
101
266
1,639
2,711
464
16
184
516
99
63
1
27
6
30
1
2
5
3
2
5
11
10
1
10
1
1
1°
2
9
1
16
4
6
15
3
16
o
3
10
10
.
o
3
3
o
1
4
1
7
1
2
1
1
6
5
1
1
8
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
5
4
I
6
3
14
163
30
4
2
12
52
31
10
21
76
130
10
8
8
36
6
8
4
5
6
6
8
7
2
12
4
2
11
164
32
3
16
206
15
385
38
1
14
178
33
29
1
171
16
214
1
1
24
46
1
6
18
59
42
2
10
23
51
33
8
59
66
134
10
1
12
26
3
2
5
56
45
3
16
85
36
8
4
158
1 j
6
33
94
52
9
71
71
195
12
o
48
6
3
o
1
8
1
4
38
oo
2
2
o
6
4
3
1
5
15
96
218
8
151
20
271
384
3-1
4
4
54
283
407
163
1
8
4
66
1
2
5
1
7
1
1
o
13
26
5
7
50
15
55
66
1
i
1
4
18
3
17
1
3
22
24
0
42
5
0
.
4
28
o
48
307
10
I
13
15
36
1
1
j
5,414
51 5, 653
53
7,613
42
7,605
55
9,846
64 9, 933
92
13, 831
122 113, 7rf ],3(,7
552
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXVi.— DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF— Concluded.
YEAH
1804.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEl'TEMBEB.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH 38,485.
40, 496.
36, 277.
35, 869.
36, 432.
LIST OF DISEASES. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
11, 685
4
56
1GO
13, 306
5
48
10
5
38
9
244
107
8
6
o
.
11, 789
15
37
14
13
3
32
34
93
115
231
1
9,585
3
49
17
1
22
9
75
108
7
10
4
4
165
7,528
2
41
3
9
103
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
1
1
2
1
1
15
15
2
1
2
r
3
1
o
.
44
11
313
1G1
21
5
5
1
1
4
34
12
20
2
1
1
2
14
61
93
1
1
2
109. a
3
3
3
5
9
7
OBDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
T - •
114 ' It1 D'
£
1
3
11- i TK.. f i>.
()f Testis
5
14
1
6
5
2
1
2
3
19
6
12
3
. K.,n
1
6
9
2
4
3
4
1
1
121 Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER V11I. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
122 Anchylosis
5
4
3
1
1
2
123 Caries
3
6
1
1
4
124. Inflammation of Joints
1
2
126. Inflammation of Periosteum
1
3
3
5
127. Necrosis
128. Other Diseases of this Order
1
47
157
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
129. Abscess
136
335
20
49
94
20
99
4
141
354
75
256
85
130. Boils
171
14
30
81
8
51
131. Carbuncle
10
43
04
5
132. Whitlow
60
124
133. Skin Diseases
153
44
17
67
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
oo
135. Contusions
G9
2
45
136. Concussion of Brain
3
3
1
137. Drowning
11
7
1
3
138. Sprains
74
4
11
10
41
35
15
22
9
4
61
1
1
49
59
4
8
87
o
139. Dislocation
140. Simple Fractures
3
0
4
141. Compound Fractures
2
4
142. (lunshot Wounds
60
34
16
14
15
1
G
36
8
44
18
5
7
r
8
20
34
10
7
12
8
2
143. Incised Wounds
144. Lacerated Wounds
1
7
7
16
4
1
145. Punctured Wounds
14G. Poisoning
1
1
3
147. Other Accidents and Injuries.
6
148. OUDKU 11.— Homicide
1
149. ORDER III.— Suicide
1
15U. OltDER IV. — Execution rtf Sentence
1
Total
13,409 184
14, 852
257
12, 964
255
10, 539
184
8,353
110
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
553
TABLE LXXXVI.-DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF— Concluded.
18G4.
1866.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MAKCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
38,860.
37, 374.
51, 366.
54,605.
57, 743.
53,908.
66,127.
45, 629.
102
103
104
10;-)
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
1C4
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
5,414
3
46
11
5
1
13
18
55
74
2
2
3
4
51
1
5,653
12
41
4
53
1
7,613
13
57
3
1
42
7,605
55
9,846
3
37
9
5
3
17
64
9,933
3
34
12
1
1
19
8
56
116
15
92
1
13, 831
1
44
18
19
1
39
35
80
156
10
3
1
1
1
2
30
4
12
122
113, 788
64
549
116
113
21
271
157
1,196
1 29°
1,367
4
1
5
14
3
2
2
5
59
1
6
o
1
1
1
2
1
0
1
1
13
8
51
79
9
4
49
80
2
11
4
42
77
128
34
3
1
1
75
7
5
1
1
8
2
126
56
23
33
3
33
226
45
101
30
20
16
14
47
8
18
13
8
949
2,493
140
451
917
205
8
1
3
1
1
1
1
16
4
6
4
1
3
11
4
10
3
3
19
1
4
3
30
1
11
5
8
i£5
3
6
3
1
o
4
6
3
2
9
1
3
4
1
5
3
1
5
1
1
1
3
5
2
5
5
1
0
5
3
4
3
2
57
223
8
34
61
16
130
41
118
18
32
41
9
62
I
57
101
11
28
70
17
72
63
145
10
35
52
47
120
101
247
9
42
99
266
4
26
43
8
87
3
7
43
93
61
26
100
1
26
97
54
4
933
21
1
2
1
1
5
1
14
6
60
2
6
6
4
66
4
6
1
119
22
5
7
15
6
79
8
6
6
14
24
9
6
G
8
95
4
4
2
20
34
29
101
3
10
105
5
110
7
o
J05
991
48
78
32
1,389
385
185
118
241
93
9
13
1
19
47
18
10
36
8
5
3
609
33
18
15
58
13
1
2
3
102
1
4
2
2
28
3
9
1
3
2
1
1
3<>5
39
13
6
23
19
37
45
12
43
40
13
4'J
4
1
1
2
4
2
12
1
2
10
o
5
0
1
3
o
1
4
1
6,25!)
59
6,445
66
8, 499
49
8,804
86
11, 662
121
J 1,060
108
15, 210
149
i28,o:x;
1,628
70
554
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXVII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
3864.
MONTH
JULY.
AUOUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
6, 877.
6, 330.
6, 695.
5, 248.
5, 753.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cas«s.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
7
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
20
1
60
2
5
76
12
61
1
7
8
1
12
1
~ 'J*l Ml '• 1 V
5
2
' *l '
48
89
53
41
35
74
38
18
32
~' ,p"° m, , K
56
34
1
95
29
-
1
3
1
2-14
3
1
94
1
27,">
488
34
173
7
3
418
43
111
4
8
90
37
40
9
15
9
1
43
6
7
1
3
498
1
1
15
1
18. Diphtheria
0
3
19. Mumps
6
15
3
11
17
28
4
10
37
40
1
6
21
63
4
26
21. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22. Syphilis
31
36
23. Gonorrhoea
38
5
2°
24. Orchitis
1
3
25. Stricture of the Urethra
26. Purulent Ophthalmia
OS
1°
7
0
3
1
27. Serpent Bite
28. Other Diseases of this Order
1
14
ORDER III.— Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
1
20
4
30
12
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremeus
o
1
32. Inebriation
1
1
"
33. Chronic Alcoholism
2
1
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER l.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
1
40
36. Acute Rheumatism
53
34
46
11
1
38
36
37. Chronic Rheumatism
17
1
38. Amemia
r
14
3
3!t. Cancer
40. Tumors
0
1
"
1
41. Other Diseases of this Order . .
1
3
3
ORDER II.— Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
R
3
1
8
1
1
6
1
1
43. Scrofula
44. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch
10
15
9
8
46. Tape-worm
3
• 47. Other Intestinal Worms
1
48. Other Diseases of this Order .
Carried forward
1,327
3
1,103
5
1,075
15
805
21
499 j 13
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
555
TABLE LXXXVII.
of the Department of the Northwest.
1864.
1865.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY. FEBRUARY.
MAUCII.
APRIL.
MAT.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
5, 749.
6, 41G. 8, 100.
8, 106.
8, 702.
8, 736.
10, C23.
7,278.
Cases.
Deaths, i
Cases. Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
o
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
5
2
7
1
1
8
19
1
7
4
8
2
284
6
23
43
1
2
6
5
9
31
' 27
8
"4
oq
24
38
4G
28
53
81
48
18
3
145
27
38
2
72
443
729
50
14
|
40
oo
33
37
102
51
4
3
1G1
479
61
11
2,247
463
1,001
54
186
31
80
1
57
15
8
1
100
32
14
6
30
15
22
1
2
1
33
2
3
7
10
11
13
14
15
1C
17
18
19
20
23
24
26
28
29
30
31
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
78
43
18
2
3
8
82
74
25
3
88
33
11
11
24
2
1
5
34
18
2
12
6
1
4
5
55
1
5
23
1
1
24
1
2
1
23
8
3
1
10
16
1
27
7
53
19
o
1
1
2
0
4
8
91
37
15
30
7
12
5
11
31
47
S
6
1
4
14
CO
4
1C
11
o
6
9
24
48
481
230
252
332
38
5
90
0
96
5
12
9
5
59
1
4
10
17
1
48
13
40
1
1
1
27
20
7
4
11
1
i
8
8
o
i"
1
27
2
129
4
822
2
9
13
4
63
1
2
102
3
201
10
12
230
1
7
60
35
1
1
1
3
2
0
I
1
585
429
152
41
43
1
63
34
2
4°
42
55
69
82
49
39
49
42
18
1
1
37
£>
47
1
23
1
1
3
1
5
1
7
1
9
5
o
1
21
9
81
30
0
4
3
7
9
1
9
3
2
0
12
3
o
1
1
6
1
11
12
24
20
40
14
24
ooo
1
4
7
11
6
1
24
501
9
570
13
594
8
872
19
884
20
1, 059 15
821
5
10, 116
" 146
556
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXVII.— DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST— Continued.
1804.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
6, 877.
6, 330.
6, 695.
5, 248.
5, 753.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
1, 327
3
1,103
5
1,075
15
805
21
499
13
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
49. Apoplexy
3
17
1
1
18
1
41
2
12
50. Epilepsy
26
1
52. Insanity
1
1
1
2 i 2
54. Inflammation of Membranes of Brain
1
16
1
20
3
4
13
3
1
4
31
1
9
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
3
29
67
1
3-1
1
1
28
17
1
'
' 0 f ,r. f th-
4
7
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
3
3
1
2
I
68 Deafness
69 Otorrhoea
2
1
1
2
1
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
2
1
1
76. 1 n tliuu mat . HI of Endocardium
77. Inflammation of Veins
78. Varicose Veins
9
2
I
79. Varicocele
1
80. Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
18
3
1
3
25
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. Asthma
2
1°
6
29
10
82. Acute Bronchitis
13
13
83. Chronic Bronchitis
12
7
84. Dropsy of Chest
85. Haemorrhage from Nose
1
1
20
11
1
9
9
27
86. Inflammation of Larynx
1
12
4
1
1
14
5
87. Inflammation of Lungs
10
4
1
2
1
88. Inflammation of Pleura
4
o
89. Haemorrhage from Lungs
90. Other Diseases of this Order
1
14
49
25
OUDEU VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
91. Colic
20
1 ^
92. Constipation
82
8
1
1
19
53
42
93. Cholera Morbus
o
1
94. Cirrhosis of Liver
j
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
1
13
2
14
4
16
1
2
3
96. Dyspepsia
97. Diseases of Pancreas
98. Diseases of Spleen
1
1
4
99. Fistula in Ano
100. Hernia
4
6
4
2
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
i
1,641
3
1,319
5
1,297
16
1,075
27
702
16
1
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
557
TABLE LXXXVII.— DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST— Continued.
1864.
1865.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
5, 749.
6, 416.
8,100.
8,106.
8, 702.
8, 736.
10, 623.
7,278.
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
01
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
•7O
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
sa
83
84
85
8')
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
.'.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Death?
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
501
9
576
13
594
8
872
19
884
20
1,059
15
821
5
10, 116
146
10
15
1
4
17
1
3
35
1
5
43
o
6
°4
37
317
5
3
3
20
2
49
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
19
8
2
42
1
31
1
24
11
"70
21
18
32
2
o
17
16
11
3
586
33
17
43
25
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
7
45
1
"9
30
4
55
9
68
11
17
1
14
4
93
3
6
1
5
6
5
61
2
10
8
2
7
4
3
o
1
1
3
2
3
3
4
1
1
4
1
29
10
2
2
4
2
1
1
3
20
4
2
5
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
32
14
40
40
4°<1
1
1
2
2
39
11
3
4
2
3
1
31
1
70
3
7
6
2
9
14
12
3
3
47
0
1
3
61
25
8
74
24
1
o-
6
1
18
1
103
3
3
52
248
124
21
1C4
161
607
40
13
139
1
2
1
5
27
10
1
6
12
17
4
8
14
57
1
21
8
1
o
11
42
5
26
9
o
29
1
49
23
2
19
8
1
oo
1
2
38
21
2
37
13
31
2
4
1
1
15
i i
1
5
39
7
44
44
G
53
21
14
CO
67
4
i
1
o
11
1
8
i
7
4
8
15
21
!
1
6
09 -
1
5
13
1
8
0
100
101
o
5
1
7
9
1
7GO
12
855
15
915
13
1,303
23
1,412 j 26
1,533
16
1,191
8 ; 14,0<r, 180
558
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXVIL— DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST— Concluded.
YI;AU
1864.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STUBNGTII
6, 877.
6, 330.
6, 695.
5, 248.
5, 753.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
1,641
3
1,319
5
1,297
16
1,075
27
702
16
OiniER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
16
6
8
7
10
o
13
5
4
8
3
1
10
1
1
1
1
1
7
4
103. Inflammation of Tonsils
2
J04. Inflammation of Stomach
105. Inflammation of Bowels
8
9
4
1
16
1
1
30
15
8
20
22
3
o
8
16
15
3
1
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
7
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
ORDER VIII.— Diseases of Hones and Joints.
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
4
1
!
Ili8 Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
120 Abscess
8
6
7
1
9
6
3
131. Hulls
11
131. Carbuncle
132. Whitlow
6
29
1
8
1
6
4
8
10
2
„
3
6
1
9
1
10
4
15
133. Skin Diseases
11
1
18
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
OllDEU I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
135. Contusions
136. Concussion of Brain
137. Drowning
138. Sprains
18
5
8
1
C
1
11
3
4
7
8
13'J. Dislocation
140. .Simple Fractures
2
5
1
11
1
6
1
1
13
5
141. Compound Fractures
142. Gunshot Wounds
9
3
3
2
2
1
2
1
15
3
1
3
1
143. Incised Wounds
144. Lacerated Wounds
1
1
1
145. Punctured Wounds
2
l4(i. Poisoning
3
8
147. Other Accidents and Injuries
1
1
6
MS. ORDER II.— Homicide
14D. ORDER III. Suicide
1
150. ORDEH I V.— Execution of Sentence
Total
1, 852 ; 8
1, 498
5
1,441
19
1,198
29
818
18
i
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1805.
559
TABLE LXXXVIL— DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST— Concluded.
1864.
1805.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
Al'UIL.
MAY.
JUXE. TOTAL.
5, 749.
6, 416.
8,100.
8, 106.
87no
, /u~.
8, 736.
10, 623. 7, 278.
102
103
104
105
100
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
.124
125
126
127
128
129
130
13 L
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
14.-)
140
147
148
149
150
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. 1
Deaths
Cases
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
7GO
12
855
15
915
13
1,303
23
1, 412
26
1,535
16
1, 191
8
14,005
180
29
51
33
1
1
63
1
39
1
o
30
14
2
2
313
42
o
34
12
104
1"4
1
3
1
1
!
1
!
1
1
4
4
18
7
6
1
1
2
9
3
9
18
0
2
1
1
3
3
o
1
3
12 -
15
8
3
3
0
1
o
1
2
18
5
4
1
o
1
1
3
1
11
2
1
7
41
11
8
10
4
1
14
1
9
9
4
80
174
16
39
171
38
1
1
1
1
5
1
5
5
1
3
2
1
1
4
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
3 '
1
2
3
1
3
1
1
11
9
3
7
18
3
1
18
G
14
4
27
20
8
33
1
3
12
1
1
6
6
16
19
4
6
31
4
178
2
5
4
7
0
1
6
1
15
1
18
2
27
25
24
350
4
...
2
2
6
3
G
1
2
1
3
2
10
2
1
1
o
16
13
1
10
58
"
14
1
5
179
10
45
7
119
50
30
20
11C
1
1
1
5
7
2
1
5
8
7
7
1
16 2
12 '
o
11
5
1
4
2
19
ti
2
12
5
1
3
1
4
2
7
1
2
1
1
7
1
13
o
59
1
1
13
1
2
5
3
1
G
!
1
2
i
932
13
> 1,010
15
1, 062 17
1,522
28
1, 624 31
1,986 18
1,405
16
16,348
217
560
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXVni
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
1864.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
17, 256.
22, 578.
22, 435.
28, 200.
23, 511.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
eatbs.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
)eaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
3ases.
Deaths.
CLASS I.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDEK I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
1. T yphoid Fever
8
1
3
2
26
12
52
10
53
16
83
o
25
2. Typhus Fever
3. Typbo-Malarial Fever
28
3
20
1
24
1
18
3
5. Ileniittent Fever
320
221
1
394
330
302
50
8
967
84
338
15
41
8
28
1
412
366
443
70
921
145
496
41
38
346
429
516
73
8
951
138
340
51
42
15
152
4
4
10
3
276
274
o
6. Quotidian Intermittent Fever
343
42
374
33
31
687
161
149
38
25
11
177
7. Tertian Intermittent Fever
8. Quartan Intermittent Fever
15
1
2
1
3
I
2
1
4
8
2
1
2
4
5
6
4
2
3
4
1
1,118
49
362
25
42
1
0
6
1
13. Chronic Dysentery
15. Small-pox and Varioloid
l(i. Measles
5
46
2
5
15
1
1
1
11
18. Diphtheria
8
38
31
3
13
60
33
74
140
4
7
9
51
23
90
218
16
4
7
3
22
1
181
68
98
159
8
4
11
362
109
70
160
7
3
8
11
53
163
8
1
6
1
4
OHDEK II. — Enthetit Diseases.
o
17
KtfO
22
1
9
Oui>ER III. — Dietic Diseases.
13
8
14
1
2
0
1
2
1
1
4
4
1
1
5
4
11
1
2
.
3
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
OUUEH I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35 Gout
82
76
39
29
110
69
33
1
125
77
1
1
1
44
IS
44
30
38. A ii.j 'iiiiu
1
1
3
4
40 Tutnors
19
6
5
16
3
11
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
1
10
21
1
14
9
7
12
7
9
43 Scrofula
44. Other Diseases of this Order
1
58
1
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch
64
49
45
76
4
1
46. Tape-worm
o
1
2
1
48. Other Diseases of this Order
3 220
18
3,229
25
3,702
30
4,021
41
3, 404 65
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
561
TABLE LXXXVI1L
of the Department of the Missouri,
1864.
1865.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
21,174.
15, 356.
18, 760.
18, 624.
16 , 720.
18, 409.
20, 550.
20, 298.
1
3
4
5
C
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
4(i
47
•18
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. ! Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
25
11
17
5
14
6
2
7
G
1
18
1
5
4
10
7
12
7
7
325
12
127
106
6
18
9
1
2
3
3
4
o
11
1
182
256
232
41
12
412
231
12G
35
61
24
108
121
167
39
G
226
92
59
—3
41
80
125
101
181
184
25
5
204
84
G7
5
40
6G
75
3
6
65
13G
212
113
196
137
16
5
235
55
75
6
62
37
113
o
149
20G
141
215
293
12
1
1,005
100
355
14
21
11
19
3
1
60
66
103
58
78
11
2
12
3
2,691
3, 053
3,329
437
126
7,389
1,317
2, 557
301
533
330
1,074
9
87
6J5
1 95fi
12
5
21
56
35
10
9
33
48
1
4
167
29
191
7
8
432
111
134
o
1
3
3
'
3
4
o
3
4
1
6
1
15
231
67
56
23
69
42
161
2
1
5
2
7
1
i"j
i
i
c
1
9
1
1
5
9
o
1
3
7
51
26
55
1
4
2
1
1
1
4
1
o
6
6
10
24
207
121
95
157
14
4
16
1
28
34
327
4
80
250
62
13
144
1
1
11G
95
152
174
88
52
103
10
1
124
53
121
1
92
54
9°
127
66
121
1
961
829
1 615
8
C6
103
9
8
11
14
1
7
3
9
1
16
117
35
Igg
8
15
4
23
1
21
2
32
1
46
73
90
20
130
369
4
45
43
12
9
1
7
8
1
82
4
1
0
1
1
1
4
C
0
7
2
7
1
3
o
6
o
1
1
1
J
1
o
1
135
5
1,326
761
175
6
54
9
109
137
1
977
124
94
11
102
62
5
1
105
74
8
1
131
160
35
103
3
1
1
1
70
3
1
4
72
8
1
81
7
8
4
5
3
8
4
4
17
10
1
4
11
o
6
1
1
8
6
1
14
21
o
9
C
9
1
104
102
84
136
103
103
53
1
2
|
9
10
1
ij
3
2,7113 41 jl 2, 174
'id 1, 852
41
2, 241
28
2,041
49 2,492
23 2,967 24 |j 34,136 } 4-,'l
71
562
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXVIII.— DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI— Continued.
VKAU
18G4.
MONTH JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOHEIi.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH 17» 256<
22, 578.
22, 435.
28, 200.
23, 511.
LIST OF DISEASES. Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths.
Cases. ; Deaths.
Cases. ! Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
forward
3,220
18
o
3,229
25
3, 702
30
4,021
41
3,404
65
1
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
OUDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
5
64
1
o
4
67
3
1
4.
102
9
71
2
1
1
47
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
54
5
4
17
1
2
1
8
53
3
7
8
3
1
1
69
8
51
2
2
5
2
46
1
rp° i>C K-
1
1
1
1
9
10
1
OUDER 11. — Diseases of Eye.
62 Cataract
218
186
202
169
3
186
4
3
3
5
1
9
1
2
6
43
5
4
23
3
1
6
7
1
1
1
4
1
10
4
ORDER 111.— Diseases of Ear. .
67. Inflammation of Internal Ear
C8. Deafness
10
15
1
1
4
13
70. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
71. Aneurism
72. Valvular Disease of Heart
1
1
2
73. Drops}- from Heart Disease
1
74. Dropsy of Pericardium
73. Inflammation of Pericardium
76. Inflammation of Endocardium
1
1
1
1
7
7
1
6
4°
1
1
2
1
77. Inflammation of Veins
76. Varicose Veins
7
3
14
2
79. Varicocele
5
60. Other Diseases of this Order
1
OIIDEU V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. Asthma
4
13
3
1
106
30
82. Acute Bronchitis . .
CO
°6
1
1
63. Chronic Bronchitis
34
16
14
84. Dropsy of Chest
1
3
85. Haemorrhage from Nose
1
7
26
9
4
10
do
-
0
66. Inflammation of Larvnx
C
56
14
5
20
80
268
9
37
23
c,
10
54
87. Inflammation of Lunps
7
1
1
21
18
11
8
68
284
4
4
1
13
88. Inflammation of Pleura
89. HifiinoiTliape from Limps . . .
1
90. Other Diseases of this Order
11
87
233
OIIDEU VI.— Diseases of Digestii-e. Organs.
91. Colic
92. Constipation 034
190
11
94. Cirrhosis of Liver
2G
23
11
2
60
1
4
19
93. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
1
9
0
1
"
96. Dyspepsia
11
"0
!<7. Diseases of Pancreas
1
3
31
'J8. Disc.ises of Spleen . . .
1
1
0
90. I'i.stiJuin An.)
100. Hernia
13
1
17
15
101. Ilcemorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
4,166
29
4, 193
35
4,761
36
5, 016
50 , 4,338 85
-- - _
DUKING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
563
TABLE LXXXVI1I.— DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI— Continued.
1804.
18(55.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY. FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
Jl NE.
TOTAL.
21, 174.
15, 356.
18, 760.
18, 624.
16, 720.
18, 409.
20, 5.50.
20, 298.
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
01
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
<J9
70
71
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
66
87
88
83
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
2, 793
41
2,174
36
1, 852
41
2,241
28
2,041
49
2,492
1
5
23
1
2,967
24
34, 136
1
55
716
16
9
7
10
45
677
20
19
79
11
5
1 090
421
4
o
6
50
2
1
1
o
3
71
1
4
52
4
25
2
62
1
5
70
1
1
5
34
2
1
1
1
10
11
8
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
f)
I
32
9
1
53
1
42
7
63
65
78
4
3
5
2
1
1
7
1
2
147
7
4
8
1
1
174
6
8
0
1
3
o
1
1
134
1
132
153
4
164
o
125
2
6
1
1
4
5
2
10
1
8
4
5
56
36
108
66
41
149
54
6
28
7
4
6
88
49
7
69
1,423
383
5
28
1
2
6
11
13
14
4
12
1
7
6
3
5
3
°1
3
5
16
1
1"
2
3
3
1
2
1
3
1
1
4
2
4
8
1
3
1
1
1
^
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
I
7
6
2
9
216
54
5
4
o
5
9
4
10
1
6
2
12
7
7
1
1
3
237
48
1
1
6
97
14
3
1
10
46
42
10
41
30
3
8
186
56
8
Ml
°T
3
1
165
53
2
2
1
1
8
1
3
15
1
1
1
1
3
25
128
24
4
17
20
168
10
1
6
77
37
6
24
15
4
11
104
28
3
10
38
6
11
79
50
5
4
77
32
4
34
17
140
1
33
17
28
43
3
5
131 '
16
16
2
14
19
9
1
7
733
352
68
243
507
2,456
143
5
1
1
1
10
34
33
206
96
4
147
I
198
1
3
16
150
15
15
357
33
1
4
o
1
24
1
o
9fi
1
45
1
30
1
30
45
1 "~
3
00
1
3
0
1
4
1
8
1
1
9
1
3
17
21
21;)
3
I
3, 954
65 3, 112
78
2,678
65
3, 176
47 3, 097
74
3,517
39
3,713
32 45,721 r,:c>
II
564
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXVIIL— DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI— Concluded.
VEAI!
1804.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
17, 256.
22, 578.
22, 435.
28, 200.
23, 511.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
rd
4,166
29
4, 193
1
16
3
6
1
15
6
31
64
45
35
4,761
4
18
17
A*3
36
5,016
0
50
4,338
6
41
1
3
1
16
oo
85
OiiUER VI.— Diseates of Digestive Organs— Continued.
23
23
7
17
1
o
9
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
11
3
172
65
1
1
14
8
8
46
37
2
19
7
123
63
1
1
1
211
41
6
4
9
3
3
1
OUDEU VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
3
1
o
o
0
- • P f P
°' • T - '•
1
13
2
12
o
I" '
9
o
1
9
3
3
1
11
1
1
1
o
g
1
1
1
1
1
OUDEU V11I. — Diseases of Hones and Joints.
1 2° Anchylosis
1
1
3
o
1
3
4
1
3
4
1
1
8
1
4
1
11:7. Necrosis
OUUEU IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System
31
113
1
17
55
6
54
46
102
o
51
107
7
9
19
4
58
31
91
5
18
44
°4
130. Boils
70
8
13
39
q
131. Carbuncle
132. Whitlow
11
30
7
CO
1
133. Skin Diseases
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
7
68
1
13."). Contusions
1
08
1
1
2
130. Concussion of Brain
1
1
1U7. Drownbtf
5
138. Sprains
41
3
6
1
24
15
6
1
11
2
60
3
5
1
31
17
16
54
61
a
40
6
4
13'J. Dislocation
4
5
3
172
14
7
4
5
1
1
140. Simple Fractures
141. Compound Fractures
i
254
142. Gunshot Wounds
1
5
13
24
58
11
8
6
143. Incised Wounds
144. Lacerated Wounds
J4
6
145. Punctured Wounds
14(i. Poisoning
12
147. Other Accidents and Injuries
1
1
2
1
1
11
2
1 id. OKDBK II. — Homicide
143. OUDKlt III.— Suicide
1
15(.>. OUUEU IV.— Execution (if Sentence,
2
Total
4, 734
36
4,819
51
5, 607
53
5,962
83
5, 093
102
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
565
TABLE LXXXVIIL— DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI— Concluded.
18G4.
18(55.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
AruiL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
21, 174.
15, 356.
18, 760.
18, 624.
16, 720.
18, 409.
20, 550.
20,298.
102
103
104
105
106
107 |
108
109
110,
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
12(i
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
14(1
L5I
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. ; Deaths.
3, 95 1
3
99
3
1
7
4
142
37
12
7
5
«
6a
1
3,112
78
2,678
1
158
65
3,176
o
47
3,097
74
3,517
2
43
3
7
o
8
7
04
39
3,713
o
32
45, 721
23
640
50
86
7
121
82
871
526
158
30
635
1
1
3
9
7
3
2
1
84
1
72
49
16
1
1
14
1
4
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
10
3
32
2
3
35
0
10
12
6
3
1
5
37
2G
38-
33
7
3
18
34
9
1
41
5
1
32
44
10
2
o
1 ]
10
1
1
4
2
1
I
1
16
8
1
29
109
16
17
15
6
10
10
20
1
o
2
1
1
9
1
4
0
12
7
8
1
1
3
„
6
1
11
1
6
8
1
7
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
4
4
o
1
: i
i
o
1
0
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
o
4
31
8
4
427
2
1
45
70
4
10
49
11
01
1
1
1
1
29
3
()
1
1
3
2
33
31
57
o
30
47
75
29
60
8
10
60
12
5ifi
56
4
6
47
o
915
46
123
499
95
645
13
o
o
1
7
64
9
41
3
7
34
4
35
11
0
40
0
10
30
73
j
36
1
56
1
3
4
19
1
0
11
52
7
9
53
2
6
1
44
12
;
34
3
5
44
o
29
58
7
6
38
4
10
1
19
13
56-1
47
67
10
721
173
88
34
46
64
4
3
o
6
39
10
5
0
18
1
o
39
11
4
1
21
17
6
0
o
1
16
5
6
6
1
3
11
12
5
63
1
1
1
9
3
o
10
3
3
0
13
4
1
3
7
1
12
5
0
1
1
1
4,730
73 3, (150
l!
63
3,211
68
3,643
54 3,525
82
4,059 44
1
4,163
54 53, 196
7,i;j
566
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXIX.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAH
1864.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
3G, 109.
35, 7G4.
31, 533.
30, G28.
29, 554.
LIST OF DISEASES.
3ases.
Deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OKDEK I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
112
7
118
2-1
6
22
63
3
120
33
59
22
48
11
23
0
32
113
28
79
11
52
9
' ' .* * 10 ,,
951
1, 932
12
4
1,309
2,481
3,283
4
946
3, 053
2,511
33G
92
1,539
35G
645
145
33
11
o
15
444
2, 322
9
314
1,512
2
.' e
1,669
179
1,153
122
'" er
241
60
3, 272
4C6
884
115
12
128
215
32
20
42
31
9
1
3
19
110
1,972
341
838
118
69
9
29
39
7
54
52
13
44
12
54
34
5
63
993
242
599
97
20
4
4
15
39
14
14
1
1
16
740
169
438
63
35
4
6
5
1
26
5
6
1
S " I/ >o d V ioloicl
3
1
18 Diphtheria
C
41
96
260
7
40
64
208
38
100
20
1
26
51
6
9
69
168
1
17
101
125
23
80
g
1
11
1
3
224
63
89
15
10
19
7
6
3
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22 Syphilis
58
124
83
7
4
4
24 Orchitis
23
13
20
1
57
253
G
4
1
6
18
1
•21. Serpent Bite
1
4
135
3
2
3
28. Other Diseases of this Order
1
o
ORDER III.— Dietic Diseases.
23. Scurvy
3
301
o
6
4
1
4
1
1
1
72
2
101
30. Purimra
31. Delirium Tremens
3
32. Inebriation
1
1
33. Chronic Alcoholism
1
34. Other Diseases of this Order. . ..
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
OUDEU l.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Oout
3
141
74
2
112
66
44
1
4
1
129
76
36. Acute Rheumatism
1
140
57
68
1
5
1
37. Chronic Rheumatism
1
38. Anspinia
73
(i
1
1
1G
14
2
102
39. Cancer
1
40. Tumors
1
3
1
41. Other Diseases of this Order
1
7
2
OKDER 11.— Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
9
24
1
8
10
10
G
5
5
43. Scrofula
44. Other Diseases of this Order . .
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
4.'). ItHi
GO
3
6
43
19
4G. Tape-worm
1
4
32
47. Other Intestinal Worms
6
1
48. Other Diseases of this Order.
!
Carried forward
131
11, 910
234
12, 129
279
10, 813
225
7,495
5,394
69
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
567
TABLE LXXXIX
of the Department of Arkansas.
1864.
18U5.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
Al'UIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
29, 509.
32, 502.
26, 189.
23, 589.
23, 863.
23, 419.
21,030.
28, 641.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
20
21
22
23
24
26
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
26
3
18
1
25
9
4
o
11
4
9
4
10
3
11
3
12
394
16
631
117
6
135
31
5
6
20
29
5
14
3
21
11
3
164
981
87°
87 •
9
786
177
289
54
9
21
5
118
761
910
106
10
669
196
261
60
32
27
1
1
110
524
I'll
668
822
138
967
1
186
792
1
241
831
748
51
5,062
16, 824
16, 491
l, 7: io
74
8
1
1
761
160
23
540
157
220
58
36
28
28
774
816
110
6
508
148
274
62
32
33
60
72
51
7
P56
2
35
3
4
1
2
1
3
4
875
144
542
101
58
19
44
4
2
768
142
280
61
52
25
14
2
427
13, 618
2,680
5, 737
990
556
200
368
149
44
324
151
64
19
19
29
14
2
1
2
2
15
o
3
1
2
17
12
3
6
6
1
3
142
467
56
91
19
31
3
4
3
3
4
2
1
1
1
3
2
9
203
15L
31
7
1
10
17
451
133
44
84
14
o
11
51
344
88
14
51
17
43
131
106
27
59
8
1
9
32
o
73
298
1,982
3
"91
10
74
118
24
1
107
135
37
63
11
2
4
1
101
50
1
1
1,817
421
913
135
39
120
4
64
1, 723
29
33
10
12
8
1,529
770
477
9
27
1
58
3
1
9
13
|
• 1°
11
7
4
o
64
1
1
68
3
2
14
1
2
55
1
1
1
53
7
232
3
1
258
1
6
13
1
131
1
o
2
3
1
2
1
5
1
1
2
!
0
1
1
12
1
111
43
1
118
63
17
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
46
47
48
i
164
69
19
1
159
101
27
134
111
66
34
3
1
o
87
47
11
7
3
5°
30
25
1
o
7
6
6
1
4
0
1
1
4
3
2
3
1
4
5
1
43
3
1
7
2
1
8
10
i
9
89
89
1
596
10
18
1
77, 05D
1
3
1
3
1
7
5
1
49
1
66
84
66
56
1
57
1
"
1
1
4, 379
68 4, 397 45
3,539
26
4,021
37 4, 679
48 , 4,453
49 3,850 17
1,226
568
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXIX.— DEPARTMENT OF ARKANSAS— Continued.
YE-VU
1864.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOHF.R.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
36, 109.
35, 764.
31, 533.
30, 628.
29, 554.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
rd
11,910
5
18
195
4
3
10
3
22
158
o
37
1
3
306
11
2')
234
6
1
12, 129
3
6
153
1
3
o
279
3
10, 813
4
14
59
C
10
1
225
3
1
7,495
1
3
50
3
1
1
131
1
2
5,394
2
60
8
!
o
G9
1
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
. y
1
4
1
3
o
2
1
1
1
23
140
4
15
1
10
90
5
62
84
4
7
10
1
1
2
2
7
1
253
4
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
o
1
196
7
18
1
10
5
16
1
2
157
0
1
157
7
3
4
36
11
46
5
oo
OHUEU III. — Diseases of Ear.
22
7
2
14
1
1
I
9
43
3
1
8
1
3
12
(',:<. Oturrhoea
70. Other Diseases of this Order
15
OitDKit IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
Tx.'. Valvular Disease of Heart
9
1
1
1
2
1
4
o
1
3
1
o
1
7!i. Dropsy from Heart Disease
74. Dropsy of Pericardium
75. Inflammation of Pericardium
1
70. inflammation of Endocardium
77. Inflammation of Veins
3
7
2
1
G
8
1
2
78. Varicose Veins
9
9
1
15
124
41
16
9
51
42
16
4
162
386
53
9
6
79. Varicocele
1
1
1°
K). Other Diseases of this Order
2
14
131
26
2
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. Asthma
1
1
5
79
13
180
33
82. Acute Bronchitis
o
132
24
1
83. Chronic Bronchitis
84. Dropsy of Chest
6
7
4
53
GO
6
2
7
4
13
O7
40
8
3
13
52
Of)
1
1
1
11
106
41
12
8
55
65. llaemorihage from Nose
2
1
3
86. Inflammation of Larynx
1
23
1
87. Inflammation of Lungs
7
1
1
1
1
4
8
88. Inflammation of Pleura
89. Hsemorrbnge from Lungs
8
'JO. Other Diseases of this Order
OKIIER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
91. C..lic
150
490
77
4
1C
31
66
162
23
2
5
39
1
1'2. Constipation
'.'3. Cholera Morbus
1
38
o
8
38
16
1
94. Cirrhosis of Liver
1
95. Drops)- from Hepatic Disease
9l>. Dyspepsia
12
54
1
1
2
1)7. Diseases of Pancreas
UK Diseases of .Spleen
8
2
36
1
9
I
Nil). Hernia
1
20
6
1
1
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach
1
Carried forward 13 994
264
13, 899
298
11, 9G2
244
8, 449 152
6, 424 98
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
569
TABLE LXXXIX.— DEPARTMENT OF ARKANSAS— Continued.
1864.
1865.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUKE.
TOTAL.
29,509.
32,502.
26, 189.
23,589.
23, 863.
23, 419.
21, 030.
28,641.
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
fi7
68
69
70
71
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
8G
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
9G
97
98
99
100
101
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Death?.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
4,379
1
4
C6
1
68
1
4,397
7
45
1
3,539
26
4,021
4
13
66
37
1
4,679
2
4
70
48
o
4,453
o
6
126
49
2
3,850
1
4
109
17
1
77,059
32
91
1 051
1,228
22
4
6
50
47
18
32
24
11
91
1,155
1
15
8
5
1
1
1
1
3
74
6
1
1
1
2
7
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
4
1
71
10
1
2
92
3
1
6
105
4
90
2
2
11
92
1
3
97
,
3
43
79
6
20
1
1
2
12
2
1
1
176
4
4
2
9
1
9
1
2
1
4
1
2
1
266
1
6
10
2,535
45
130
13
165
44
192
21
3
44
6
1
5
3
7
49
58
8
111
1,907
352
33
47
242
752
479
104
61
863
2,670
240
7
175
197
170
o
242
2
4
3
15
10
1
6
2
8
11
15
5
o
7
2
8
1
12
14
6
9
1
7
11
9
1
1
1
9
2
3
2
2
6
3
1
1
1
1
o
1
3
1
1
5
4
4
8
2
4
3
0
2
o
o
1
1
5
202
37
3
o
3
1
7
6
177
29
10
48
74
28
9
4
38
136
8
7
195
21
6
153
14
5
62
13
1
5
4
30
7
1
62
304
65
o
1
1
228
23
1
1
12
60
34
11
1
47
192
1
3
2
3
132
5
3
9
3
4
63
107
42
4
32
56
190
9
0
2
19
53
46
8
20
26
78
41
9
8
23
1
12
1
25
1
13
61
53
11
15
9
1
1
2
6
3
23
149
4
1
6
16
1
o
1
2
1
2
1
68
256
17
184
4
192
2
6
2t;
280
13
70
345
4
1
4
4
15
1 j
7
31
1
15
1
3
°6
4
32
o
18
i
1
5
18
3
3
1C
1
o
o
0
1
o
31
23
230
9
1
17
4
6
1
9
12
5
5,368
99
5, KM
66
4,473
40
5,089
61
5,734
70
5,685
64 4,822
24 ! 91, 733
1,480
570
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE LXXXIX.— DEPARTMENT OF ARKANSAS— Concluded.
~
18(54.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOIJER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
36, 109.
35, 764.
31, 533.
30, 628.
23, 554.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
ht fir Tin!
13, 994
9
56
17
6
2
20
29
190
100
5
3
1
1
1
9
oo
264
12
13, 899
44
41
15
15
4
30
23
258
124
298
3
11, 962
5
37
20
12
2
29
11
236
83
1
3
244
1
8,449
152
1
6,424
98
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
23
12
9
3
11
13
104
87
o
29
2
1
5
1
3
4
5
10
1
14
9
38
52
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
10.). .1 11
8
15
3
4
1
1
ORDER VIL— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
8
o e
o
3
1
3
i • e r i>
1 .' .sea , ... .
1
43
4
13
o
1
9
3
5
2
30
y
1
14
6
2
3
1
3
5
6
o
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Hones and Joints.
1
1
1
o
2
123 Caries
2
5
1
1
o
7
7
r
1
o
1
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
129. Abscess
108
283
22
89
68
185
1
31
110
5
18
49
9
38
39
131. Boils
211
131. Carbuncle
12
0
132. Whitlow
45
40
82
43
37
o
13
40
133. Skin Diseases
62
4
54
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, anil Injuries.
134. Burns
6
45
135. Contusions
44
45
136. Concussion of Brain
1
2
1
137. Drowning
3
138. Sprains
60
49
1
3
38
o
45
49
0
139. Dislocation
1
4
140. Simple Fractures
4
1
69
17
5
15
7
4
3
4
141. Compound Fractures
1
36
11
4
7
142. Gunshot Wounds
5
1
65
19
11
20
9
3
31
1
7
24
26
9
3
1
2
4
143. Incised SVounds
144. Lacerated Woucds
145. Punctured Wounds
1
146. Poisoning
3
147. Other Accidents and Injuries
3
3
1
4
2
1
1
1
148. ORDER II.— Homicide
1
149. ORDER III.— Suicide
1
150. OKDER IV.— Execution of Sentence .
Total
i
1 r) °5°
295 15,206 ! 321
12, 962
203
9,127
170
6, 986
107
DURING THE YEAE ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
571
TABLE LXXXIX.— DEPARTMENT OF ARKANSAS— Concluded.
1804.
1805.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
29, 509.
32, 502.
26, 189.
23, 589.
23, 863.
23, 419.
21,030.
28, 641.
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
140
147
148
149
150
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases. Deaths.
5,368
99
5, 634
5
66
1
4,473
40
5,089
1
69
10
o
5
6
16
52
61
5,734
2
44
3
5
1
6
4
70
5,685
5
64
4,822
1
30
1
13
24
91,733
72
511
103
88
20
143
140
978
812
39
49
21
17
5
17
176
45
52
£0
1,480
17
33
61
7
5
43
45
4
5
2
9
8
15
rt
3
2
2
3
1
3
18
45
2
1
1
1
9
18
5
5
7
7
1
1
1
8
9
24
49
3
16
2°
1
2
6
9
35
40
1
2
1
62
42
76
4
1
1
3
1
1
3
8
3
1
5
1
0
1
5
4
6
1
1
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
8
2
1
8
3
3
3
1
18
3
2
1
7
1
5
2
11
0
3
4
6
1
3
3
2
1
8
1
1
1
5
13
7
28
3
17
9
o
579
1,510
82
304
580
91
486
5
1
1
2
1
1
3
o
1
2
I
4
3
0
1
1
2
1
3
1
2
1
45
96
6
18
50
10
21
47
88
7
39
23
28
28
76
2
18
45
101
5
16
31
6
32
1
75
3
25
83
105
8
12
44
14
45
17
57
50
15
50
4
36
9
46
3
36
44
1
6
1
1
1
62
3
1
1
23
5
6
4
18
40
3
1
24
44
4
4
1
18
32
51
52
45
559
29
2
2
0
3
1
5
4
36
6
385
267
69
66
35
41
1
6
1
58
1
1
8
30
32
3
1
o
4
34
15
5
2
1
3
5
24
24
o
18
25
4
13
17
7
1
2
3
5
9
1
3
7
6
1
1
3
2
1
2
1
1
9
o
2
1
|
5, 931
111
f>,461 78
1
4,920
49
5,636
70
6, 209 77
ti,2C4
70
5,301
28
100, 255
1,639
572
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XO.
Abstract of the Mortality in the
YEAR
3864.
MONTH
JULY.
AUOUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
34, 551.
32, 829.
28, 027.
24, 363.
30, 512.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OKDElt I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
255
164
1
48
125
87
3
40
103
4
62
50
37
K V
58
7
8
52
7
9
46
4
6
38
2
2
3
20
20
10
1
1
4
28
346
44
42
4
39
9
6. Quot dia
ft' O 'tt t V
or • v
20
24
53
18
30
431
56
48
• 7
11
7
' K*
81
493
24
.
460
53
46
8
15
7
389
41
69
10
23
15
56
"' . j ^
41
5
10
7
14 F i °1 ^ y
17 Scarlet Fever
18 Diphtheria
1
1
3
o
2
1
2
2
21. Other Diseases of this Order
15
2
9
1
8
o
6
6
2
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22. Syphilis
23. Gonorrhoea
24. Orchitis
25. Stricture of the Urethra
26. Purulent Ophthalmia
27. Serpent Bite
28. Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
ORDER III.— Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
1
1
4
7
3
2
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens..
1
2
32. Inebriation
1
33. Chronic Alcoholism
1
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER l.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
36. Acute Rheumatism
4
1
32
1
1
10
1
1
5
1
1
4
1
3
6
37. Chronic Rheumatism
38. Anaemia
39. Cancer
40. Tumors
1
41. Other Diseases of this Order
1
36
1
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
44
3
34
°6
28
43. Scrofula
44. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch
46. Tape- worm : . . .
47. Other Intestinal Worms
48. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
1
1 w>1
1,014
906
783
741
DUKING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
573
TABLE XC.
General Hospitals of the Central Region.
1864.
1865.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY. FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
34,274.
30,434.
28, 513.
29, 389.
27, 293.
19, 174.
11,549.
27, 576.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
1
g
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
24
26
27
28
29
30
31
33
34
35
36
37
38
3'J
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
123
179
116
94
5
24
97
80
81
1,504
13
371
16
29
27
21
7
10
23
5
2
26
17
2
21
10
2
1
6
23
20
23
1
33
1
1
377
56
36
5
127
358
3,779
340
363
238
698
404
3
5
2
3
5
2
14
7
27
4
18
214
9
23
33
138
49
6
18
235
2
10
206
2
21
319
19
18
19
66
23
287
218
2
16
35
125
181
19
14
9
24
4
16
25
39
109
58
1
1
7
16
42
18
5
27
69
25
69
86
204
2
5
4
1
4
1
5
4
1
3
1
1
2
1
7
1
CT
10
1
34
6
21
1
1
1
4
1
3
2
3
1
4
3
1
3
6
1
2
o
1
1
1
1
6
1
4
3
4
3
4
3
4
2
5
1
2
4
1
34
17
49
1
1
1
2
46
3
6
477
11
3
o
1
52
53
3
54
1
1
52
34
2
18
1
759
883
712
804
693
527
431
9, 531
574
SICKNESS AND MOETALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XC.— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION— Continued.
YKAK
1864.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
34, 551.
32, 829.
28, 027.
24, 363.
30, 512.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1 °°1
1,014
906
783
741
1
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
4
4
4
1
1
o
0
1
5
o
8
6
15
8
3
7
4
o
4
1
1
1
2
4
6
1
1
1
2
2
3
2
2
1
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
62 Cataract
j
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
2
o
5
2
1
4
4
2
1
3
73. Dropsy from Heart Disease
1
1
1
1
74. Dropsy of Pericardium
1
1
2
75. Inflammation of Pericardium
7C. Inflammation of Endocardium
77. Inflammation of Veins
78. Varicose Veins
79. Varicocele
80. Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
5
5
1
1
1
2
7
1
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. Asthma
1
3
10
1
3
4
o
82. Acute Bronchitis
2
3
83. Chronic Bronchitis .
84. Dropsy of Chest
85. Haemorrhage from Nose
1
1
35
86. Inflammation of Larynx
2
61
5
1
70
5
87. Inflammation of Lungs
49
1
1
22
4
2
2
88. Inflammation of Pleura
2
89. Haemorrhage from Lungs
90. Other Diseases of this Order
5
5
3
1
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
91. Colic
1
92. Constipation
93. Cholera Morbus
3
1
2
1
94. Cirrhosis of Liver
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
3
3
4
9
7
96. Dyspepsia
1
97. Diseases of Pancreas
! 98. Discuses of Spleen
99. Fistula in Ano
1
1
1
100. Hernia
1
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
1,364
1,111
976
871
863
.
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
575
TABLE XC.— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION— Continued.
18(>4.
1865.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APKIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
34, 274.
30, 434.
28, 513.
29, 389.
27, 293.
19, 174.
11,549.
27, 576.
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
&j
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
759
3
883
2
2
712
864
5
693
527
431
9,534
20
17
1
1
4
1
1
1
4
4
3
o
1
6
6
3
9
97
55
55
3
14
8
20
10
10
3
17
8
11
20
10
3
5
6
6
3
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
5
2
1
4
1
4
36
9
11
17
5
1
2
1
o
5
1
1
3
1
3
1
4
1
0
o
I
1
1
....
1
10
8
73
84
4
1
12
1,305
45
14
45
3
1
11
1
56
1
3
o
2
1
o
6
7
10
17
8
7
13
8
1
12
6
3
3
3
10
o
1
206
1
3
209
1
191
7
1
o
1
37
1
133
213
79
3
3
3
8
8
3
5
5
6
2
2
4
3
1
1
1
o
1
1
10
6
4
0
5
2
1
1
3
1
1
958
1,180
984
1,178
958
045
511
11,5'.HI
576
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XC.— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION— Concluded.
1864.
YEAH
1IOST1I
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOIJER.
NOVEMBER.
34, 551.
32, 829.
28, 027.
24, 363.
30, 512.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1,364
2
1
1,111
5
976
871
2
863
ORDER VI.— Disease* of Digestive Organs— Continued.
2
5
4
8
0
4
2
4
4
4
1
11
6
1
1
8
0
1
1
3
1
1
2
1
0
4
1
1
2
3
2
OBDEU VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
3
1
1
o
o
1
• iv -g f p
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
OEDEU VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
123. Caries
124. Inflammation of Joints
1
125. Inflammation of Bones
12C. Inflammation of Periosteum
li:7. Necrosis
128. Other Diseases of this Order
1
2
OHDEK IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System,
129. Abscess
4
1
3
1
130. Boils
131. Carbuncle
132. Whitlow
133. Skin Diseases
2
2
5
1
1
1
1
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
135. Contusions
3
13tJ. Concussion of Brain
1
1
I
137. Drowning
0
2
138. Strains
13'J. Dislocation
140. Simple Fractures
1
141. Coinj>ound Fractures
•j
1
95
o
142. Gunshot Wounds
55)
286
2
171
1
1
84
143. Incised Wounds
1
1
144. Lacerated Wounds
145. Pirhctured Wounds
1
140. Poisoning
1
5
147. Other Accidents and Injuries
3
2
3
4
3
1
1
lie!. ORDER II. — Homicide
149. OUDER III.— Suicide
1
1
1
150. OUDEK IV.— Execution of Sentence
Total
1 985
1 438
1,187
991
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
577
TABLE XC.— GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION— Concluded.
1864.
1865.
DECEMBKR.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNK.
TOTAL.
34, 274.
30, 434.
28, 513.
29, 389.
27, 293.
19, 174.
11, 549.
27, 576.
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
]50
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
958
1,180
984
1,178
958
645
511
1
11, 599
12
5
35
71
49
14
11
31
3
10
1
1
1
4
5
1
1
3
1
2
1
6
6
1
2
9
1
3
3
10
4
4
11
7
3
3
1
1
1
2
7
3
1
2
2
1
2
7
1
[_"
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
4
11
1
1
1
3
1
13
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
23
2
3
1
4
1
1
2
2
1
5
29
15
11
9
1
16
3
2
1
7
1
1
2
4
1
;• T
II
1
11
1,851
18
4
2
28
4
8
2
308
. ]
1
71
1
1
31
2
0
152
51
o
04
23
2
1
1
1
r;
1
1
2
1
1
1
3
1
i
1
1
1,309
1,359
1,065
1,244
1,078
703
559
13, 905
578
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XCI.
.Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1864.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
332, 672.
344, 895.
319, 709.
317, 627.
318, 212.
MEAN STRENGT , (no inc g
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OHDEH I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
600
116
699
461
15
110
668
17
778
337
5
128
763
10
552
278
4
144
433
4
389
190
5
96
380
8
236
173
~' JI
56
4 Y^VI F '
6,159
8,339
8,018
911
285
21, 358
2,558
6,153
5*.o
402
38
368
3
93
365
499
1,465
722
1,300
106
14
13
2
78
140
712
145
98 •
13
32
52
7,671
10, 252
9,839
1,109
312
20,627
2,662
6,178
521
380
42
155
4
66
227
613
1,548
821
1 236
136
17
10
4,957
10, 190
8,616
928
345
14, 814
2,583
5, 202
588
250
35
70
88
8
7
1
105
74
722
182
101
10
12
9
3,444
9,197
6,680
847
210
11, 885
1, 905
4,190
488
246
56
284
4
53
176
1,173
87
11
3
4
65
53
704
152
88
8
15
10
2,667
5,827
5,118
622
139
9,918
1,516
2,774
355
244
103
422
3
57
289
1,764
875
625
1 029
37
1
1
36
37
447
79
56
8
46
26
106
101
740
176
104
10
18
13
17. Scarlet Fever
18. Diphtheria .... . ....
3
1
4
4
53
101
651
3
4
1
3
20. Epidemic Catarrh
26
20
2
1,224
733
1 029
24
2
1,180
649
1 012
17
2
17
3
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22. Syphilis
24. Orchitis
107
32
114
oo
1
94
17
105
106
18
76
3
8
664
6
33
35
7
83
16
78
2
22
498
2
22
32
5
25. Stricture of the Urethra
1
26. Purulent Ophthalmia .
142
6
102
1,483
24
30
33
6
141
5
22
27. Serpent Bite
7
39
1, 523
13
27
37
4
15
28. Other Diseases of this Order
2
12
1
6
1
1
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
6
I
7
1
1,620
12
40
30
°3
16
2
2
1
26
9
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens
3
1
1
32. Inebriation
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER l.—Diatltetic Diseases.
35. Gout
5
1,336
737
368
9
35
o
1
1, 193
784
312
4
21
11
97
76
1
1°
1
1,450
784
104
3
13
7
70
44
5
447
36. Acute Rheumatism
6
4
14
1,406
915
345
4
5
12
o
3
6
1,363
718
195
2
3
5
5
1
o
5
6
37. Chronic Hheumatisrn
38. Anaemia
39. Cancer
40. Tumors
40
22
125
100
1
2
52
1
41. Other Diseases of this Order
116
85
1
62
5
2
6
98
56
6
3
58
2
ORDER 11.— Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
37
45
43. Scrofula
44. Other Diseases of this Order. . .
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch
484
13
°7
46. Tape-worm
8
22
JO
24
13
19
47. Other Intestinal Worms
0
4
48. Other Diseases of this Order
3
Carried forward
66, 174
2,132
71, 3C8
2,030
58, 368
1, 857 48, 403
1,601
38, 669 1, 120
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
579
TABLE XCI.
of the Central Hegion.
1864.
18(35.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
322, 590.
337, 341.
312, 308.
318,886.
322, 648.
327, 995.
247, 377.
318, 522.
l
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1C
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
•]•;
47
48
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
332
5
341
205
36
441
11
285
246
223
•14
134
187
6
38
312
2
336
158
5
49
238
4
375
171
o
44
234
1
265
149
203
7
352
125
2
27
4, 827
199
4,742
2,680
44
812
52
32
2,548
5,029
4,811
555
83
11, 366
2 262
2,424
321
323
210
1,044
1
65
345
2,351
1,152
810
1,083
116
12
98
1
1
276
21
22
3
1
1
1,672
1,083
89
1
15
23
85
47
1
651
4
8
3
47
5
2
1
27
37
446
47
41
32
92
61
2,571
4, 699
4,656
594
76
10, 176
1,831
2,285
292
339
333
814
1
159
413
3,091
1,065
735
956
108
8
73
45
3
4
2,204
3,857
3,766
505
98
7,211
1,577
1,585
195
460
357
697
17
119
381
3,090
921
621
860
96
20
2
1
1
17
25
359
43
48
163
82
1
7
2, 626
4,720
4,606
524
127
10, 643
1, 893
2,164
277
505
358
1,909
6
115
1,049
2,966
1,048
642
930
122
45
16
2
2
29
50
341
15
24
56
165
309
3
7
1
15
1
2,589
5,473
4,831
464
61
11, 040
1,604
3,197
307
470
292
816
o
106
895
1,428
1 272
602
897
35
8
5
3
29
33
358
22
27
66
111
204
1
4
3,211
5,418
5, 051
477
240
12, 886
2,537
3,770
414
437
203
321
49
8
2,902
4,704
4, 161
408
150
11,079
1,664
2,781
297
282
91
97
3
23
235
642
50
4
3
1
19
38
248
43
22
15
36
7
1
43, 749
77, 705
70, 153
7,941
2, 126
153, OU3
24, 592
42, 703
4, 586
4,338
2,118
6,997
44
958
5,012
19, 183
750
108
51
18
551
666
5,795
972
660
361
919
923
7
45
13
2
19
26
310
32
15
46
89
64
21
52
408
50
41
49
140
86
1
1
6
2
10
1
49
536
915
1,344
626
906
5
17
3
5
16
9
1
1,088
608
923
8
14, 182
8,194
12 161
184
18
116
17
101
100
13
175
78
17
106
1
25
1,240
211
1 331
1
1
19
129
107
6
4
366
16
26
14
3
1
12
0
35
321
10, 694
247
320
349
74
45
58
17, 71 i5
10, 178
2, 115
29
283
138
1,075
790
31
7, 269
108
166
37
8
375
45
24
16
5
1
3
7
803
13
13
22
7
9
5
78
1,192
56
36
5
3
134
9
41
9
7
1
6
1
3
6
15
1
6
o
1,207
30
35
33
6
8
1, 695
910
152
16
1
3
1
17
1
3
2
1
687
9
21
39
4
13
3
998
533
92
2
1
2
1
4
1
1
o
7
1, 540
947
113
4
1,660
826
144
2
25
7
88
89
4
835
6
10
8
3
4
1,930
1, 098
100
7
4
4
1, 522
844
101
1
18
5
69
44
3
698
4
1
2
4
6
2
14
1
3
7
4
3
64
41
58
2
3
13
656
20
3
1
1
20
20
8
79
52
1
1
64
1
17
9
89
75
2
906
11
1"
±~
27
3
62
4
13
85
71
1
915
1
63
15
74
51
8
440
7
7
2
1
25
o
71
1
1
74
2
43
o
789
8
9
7
15
7
20
4
11
2
8
3
41,723
1,193 40,587
1,315
32, 898
1,123
42,640
1,407
42, 426
1,242
45, 219
937 35, 950 688 564,425 16,6-15
580
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XCI.— CENTRAL REGION— Continued.
1804.
JlON'TU
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOHKK.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH, (not including Table J.'C)...
332, 672.
344, 895.
319, 709.
317, 627.
318, 212.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
3ases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
66, 174
13
86
__ 1, 2(53
33
16
12
7
97
1,142
33
369
23
1)
9
1 507
2,132
6
71, 368
13
94
1 °°8 '
2,030
1
58,368
13
90
750
27
14
4
14
83
663
36
39
17
24
1,857
9
8
48, 403
4
83
740
17
7
1
11
63
582
7
13
17
6
1, 082
1,601
6
5
38, 669
4
101
482
13
15
7
3
5~
600
10
1,120
3
3
CLASS IV. -LOCAL DISEASES.
OKDEK I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
50. Epilepsy
51. Headache
1
24
9
3
2
1
3
10
6
21
14
3
12
73
1,056
19
146
16
17
4
19
10
1
3
1
8
3
3
1
13
9
o
o
13
12
1
1
1
1
58. Paralysis
4
4
4
6
9
1
1
59. Sun-stroke
20 '
9
.!->
1
OUDEK II. — Diseases of Eye.
11
1,223
1 324
951
17
80
9
47
16
74
75
34
395
46
91
32
173
52
33
269
^7
161
2
74
20
305
65
24
1
OitUEK JII. — Diseases of Ear.
151
89
158
102
66
9
87
4
34
15
4
9
8
11
64
56
22
86
834
160
14
30
79
347
273
59
89
1, 333
2, 436
574
OltUEK 1\'. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
0
2
36
6
3
8
4
2
o
9
5
1
3
2
1
23
9
12
3
3
1
38
8
10
5
5
3
7°
13
3
1
1
1
8
5
0
1
31
5
1
9
o
1
r>7
3
1
1
2
9
9
1
• v •
56
62
8r>
41
5
107
810
205
13
21
88
250
256
54
66
1,036
1,.647
323
13
74
338
35
31
7
87
1,475
194
7
9
111
633
292
47
191
716
; 3,153
160
4
38
200
80 Other Diseases of this Order
4
1
6
8
3
35
80
806
240
5
3
9
1
5
2
6
1
0
2
43
6
4
24
96
1, 159
139
8
19
9'3
421
264
71
133
882
1,364
206
5
58
309
1
5
OKUEU V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. Asthma
1
4
6
1
3
135
6
1
1
3
3
3
o
1
65
5
84. Dropsy of Chest
85. 1 1 ;ru H » i hage from Nose
86. Inflammation of Larynx
o
118
7
o
9
0
1
6
56
323
26(5
84
97
1, 422
2,181
628
87. Inflammation of Lungs
77
2
6
1
1
4
88. Inflammation of I'lcuni
89. Haemorrhage from Lungs
90. Other Diseases of this Order
5
3
OKDEIC VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
91. Colic
92. Constipation
1
6
1
9
I:!. Cholera :.iorbn.s
3
!>4. Cirrnosis of Liver
', 95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
8<J 4
Tvl
80
390
1
13
27
260
o
3
13
8
!'ii. Dyspejisia
'.»?. Diseases of Pancreas 4
98. Diseases of Spleen
''4
21
28
216
6
!
6
158
<»9. Fistula in Ano
P
1
23
208
2
1
1
100. Hernia ! 24H
1
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach
(,
1
5
Carried forward
J
78 941
2,412 83, 497 2,230
1
67, 706 2, 031
57, 069 1, 775
46, 851
1, 344
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
581
TABLE XCI.— CENTRAL REGION— Continued
18(34.
1865.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH. APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
322, 590.
337, 341.
312,308.
318, 886.
322, 648.
327, 995.
247,377. 318,522.
-49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
74
75
76
v,
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
ID i
101
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Death?.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths, j ' Cases. Deaths.
41, 723
5
96
527
11
13
8
20
40
790
32
1, 193
o
40,587
13
83
649
13
8
7
13
56
807
40
1, 315
6
4
32, 898
5
85
584
17
24
9
15
53
685
1,123
6
3
42, 640
8
97
664
12
27
14
50
746
1,407
8
7
42, 426
10
77
824
1,242
8
8
45,219
7
91
925
937
5
3
35,950
2
96
660
19
6
0
6
47
540
15
57
7
21
5
1 098
688
3
1
564, 425
97
1,079
Q O(UJ
16, 645
93
51
o
16
8
2
o
10
9
4
2
1
24
5
2
2
23
14
37
1
1
17
4
10
10
42
753
28
32
17
13
5
1,199
37
146
10
74
36
84
17
1
42
7
3
9
3
63
40
37
83
1, 532
239
5
26
17
11
6
o
68
840
25
100
26
18
5
1,474
1
16
10
4
2
1
1
2
3
217
159
76
127
754
9, 204
330
751
219
176
81
14, 160
435
1,736
242
940
335
1,250
287
21
449
97
52
100
48
28
675
478
170
1, 091
15,713
3,080
115
298
1,649
7,465
3, 839
697
1.879
9, 759
19, 973
2,964
65
3,374
9
2'.V> -
17
196
104
88
15
4
27
29
47
19
6
7
11
10
3
2
3
43
1
6
13
970
23
18
10
63
25
101
7
4
o
1
10
3
24
12
5
1,057
23
35
19
60
23
85
9
1
29
11
9
8
2
2 :
20
18
6
1,103
26
18
18
89
36
111
18
2
9
11
12
5
4
1 172
1
1
45
68
15
55
102
69
20
96
2
6
62
3
6
13
3
3
54
33
6
84
1, 164
277
13
23
40
139
17
68
23
89
2
3
43
10
4
9
3
65
45
i
111
1
1
5
2
1
38
6
3
4
1
10
5
4
5
1
4
89
31
24
32
13
2
2
43
11
3
7
3
0
30
6
6
10
1
o
6
5
4
4
11
2
2
3
3
1
3
7
3
2 :
1 ;
2
1
1
5
1
5
1
53
35
10
103
1,811
281
24
225
894
365
70
180
730
1, 434
138
9
63
223
52
44
23
12
84
1, 790
379
3
34
62 '
36
38
5
70
639
150
9
24
32
3
108
2,086
3i»4
y
27
280
1, 023
427
55
306
611
1,342
85
5
89
243
1
2
29
1
13
104
106
16
4
22
2,251
77
27
83
11
5
41
3
84
3
3
3
7
l\
1
1
13
9
4
103
1, 607
422
5
4'i
3
19
12
1
2
1
14
11
3
5
1
16
18
10
5
1
3
5
1
3 1
6
4
12
1
4
2
340
11
2
9
1
1
1
15
176
969
393
45
320
416
1, 084
71
4
64
177
1
315
fi
1
8
252
1,113
408
57
209
485
1,823
62
4
395
8
1
12
121
738
342
50
119
676
1, 859
128
12
54
1
339
11
1
6
104
505
337
59
118
765 :
2,077
224
4
74
344
1
147
5
3
o
64
243
216
46
51
687
1,573
365
1 I
30
237
1
55
4 .'
3
5
1
i ;
4
3
4
1
1
6
2
10
4
39
260
7
2
1
1
8
19
165
3
31
30
183
7
7
26
164
4
11
20
146
'11
9
43
"17
1
1
31
118
6
287 j 5
2, 242 i 4 I
57 2 '
1
164
2
1
7 j
51,597 : 1,528 51,186
1, 792 42, 002
1,580
53, 084
2,000 j 52,559 1,722
55,844 1,175 43,661 819 , 683,997 20,408
582
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XCL— CENTRAL REGION— Concluded.
1804.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBEK.
NOVEMBER.
332, 672.
344, 895.
319, 709.
317, 627.
318, 212.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
u ht forward
78, 941
34
356
92
69
9
165
101
925
853
174
38
15
2 412
16
2
9
22
11
o
3
13
1
3
83, 497
62
295
70
79
14
188
115
1,279
862
133
52
2,230
9
1
4
25
5
6
5
8
07.7CG
37
304
78
71
9
166
93
1,068
708
71
34
17
2,031
4
57, 069
14
326
65
52
9
124
43
987
649
64
43
18
27
1,775
5
1
11
12
6
3
3
1
1
46, 851 ;
13
323
32
34
4
95
78
883
561
43
33
17
1,344
OlU>EU VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
10
19
4
4
6
11
8
8
8
1
1
1
1
0
101 mnc
105. In amma 101 o
100. In aiiiina im o e
' ,°" C. " .
3
3
OHUEK VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
15
28
1
31
1
3
1
3
1
o
24
3
26
2
o
( T '
16
12
15
117 1 fl- f I"d
156
4°
2
170
18
45
18
4
10
8
°9
3
125
2
98
31
2
1
71
17
25
2
53
45
T'O Hydrouele
13
8
12
1
17
11
6
16
29
6
19
14
5
539
1 516
2
10
6
13
3
28
3
8
1
1
389
1 022
9
4
C
7
33
1
12
OKUEU VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
123 Curies
11
25
1
4
14
4
6
797
1 8;"8
2
15
10
3
699
1 992
1
3
o
339
929
OUUEU IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
129. Abscess
5
1
4
1
131. Boils
131. Carbuncle
137
33°
143
262
1
145
214
81
148
431
83
419
8
51
140
335
136
453
5
132. Whitlow
133. Skin Diseases
621
113
488
15
o
2
7
2
26
637
110
46G
21
495
1
1
4
4
15
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
OUDEU I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
1
4
6
12
91
367
8
1
o
o
13
135. Contusions
1
1
8
136. Concussion of Brain
137. Downing
138. Sprains
450
437
13
46
15
3, 263
186
108
74
58
38
378
483
31
51
533
13'J. Dislocation
19
1
25
54
9
1,531
197
80
39
16
47
1
140. Simple Fractures
44
35
6,119
167
75
71
07
109
o
4
1,015
3
3
141. Compound Fractures
8
794
7
8
12
1, 855
128
54
47
53
30
1
466
3
37
1,159
143
26
42
3
230
2
156
142. Gunshot Wounds
143. Incised Wounds
144. Lacerated Wounds
2
1
1
10
3
3
145. Punctured Wounds
1
16
1
1
4
146. I'oisoning
1
8
3
147. Other Accidents and Injuries .
1C
7
f,
24
1
4
148. OuiiKK II. — Uumicide
14'J. OliUKH III. Suicide.. .
150. O&DSR IV .—Execution of Sentence
1
1
Total
93, 688
3,602
95, 621
3,174
76, 705
2,611
64,380
2,094
54, 105
1,588
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18(35
583
TABLE XCL— CENTRAL REGION— Concluded.
18G4.
1865.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
322, 590.
337, 341.
312, 308.
318, 886.
322, 648.
327, 995.
247, 377.
318, 522.
Cases.
Deaths,
Cases.
Deaths
Cases Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
14G
147
148
149
150
51, 597
12
501
58
32
4
79
96
802
632
39
52
20
18
3
12
85
44
15
24
4
2
18
5
8
7
4
3GO
900
81
149
445
131
445
6
1,528
2
51, 186
54
609
46
37
9
95
68
656
675
39
21
15
26
1
14
95
20
32
6
13
1,792
o
1
7
9
9
4
4
4
42, 002
29
705
42
36
8
63
42
437
413
27
10
11
00
1,580
53, 084
15
899
38
51
11
91
50
396
514
35
18
11
9
2,000
1
52, 559
16
541
40
64
6
129
54
451
528
1,722
55,844
25
381
63
57
9
144
89
366
638
59
47
15
16
1
15
1, 175
2
43, 661
19
195
819
1
683, 997
330
5, 438
673
624
97
1, 453
913
8,716
7,477
815
416
162
229
15
200
1,307
283
400
153
121
120
90
318
32
147
105
36
5,222
13, 415
983
2,186
20, 408
42
9
76
160
87
32
31
59
5
27
2
7
16
2
3
14
8
o
6
15
3
2
2
2
3
6
13
4
2
7
5
17
10
4
o
2
6
5
49
42
5
114
84
466
444
42
25
5
10
1
7
83
20
4
10
5
1
2
5
2
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
4
1
89
43
13
15
2
24
130
16
19
12
4
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
16
99
21
12
88
21
1
4
1
20
3
1
1
1
107
27
1
1
2
33 !
33
12
21
21
12
17
15
g
34
3
9
10
2
329
723
12
9
27
3
1
6
7
4
11
1
8
6
5
3
2
25
1
16
13
14
14
5
8
13
2
290
755
47
134
306
83
346
10
7
32
8
40
1
17
11
7
382
1,016
75
152
1
1
21
8
18
1
362
911
58
186
449
1<*4
1
1
2
1
26
1
6
3
380
991
63
174
334
102
417
3
1
2
2
350
802
3
1
4
1
50
160
349
123
334
14
2
135
391
100
427
10
2
3
0
2
3
364
206
673
10
5,157
1,422
5, 265
113
5
35
31
38
178
3
1
5
11
16
3
6
15
7
1
1
7
36
3
430
3
1
3
13
11
15
511
33
56
36
2,789
98
42
35
235
476
30
41
16
286
289
36
44
18
148
533
588
521
802
381
29
57
3
145
149
54
22
66
81
6,093
30
50
10
462
220
82
28
20
110
1
31
67
53
2, 229
228
56
37
56
38
50
10
175
186
92
62
60
176
334
609
245
21,190
2,321
865
549
537
1,146
3
32
3,790
31
25
13
7
152
30
38
•
5C
9
1,177
203
58
57
76
48
3
378
7
1
177
1
98
4
2
o
214
4
3
o
30
2
1
1
169
2
3
6
o
55
3
4
38
2
1
1
9
o
1
1
7
1
3
7
3
1
10
1
1
6
3
4
9
3
C
5
60, 778
1,985
57, 722
2,049
47, 751
1,747
61, 125 2, 331
59, 508 1, 9'j6
62,588
1,308
48, 348
957 ! 780, 31 it 25,442
SICKNESS, ETC., DURING THE YEAE ENDING JUNE 30, 1865. 585
PACIFIC REGION.
The reports from the Pacific Region have been consolidated into two tables, as
follows :
1. The Department of New Mexico Table XCII.
2. The Department of the Pacific Table XOIII.
To these are added —
3. A consolidated table for the Pacific Region - Table XCIV
1. THE DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO — TABLE XCII.
This table embraces the reports received from stations in New Mexico and Colorado.
2. THE DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC — TABLE XCIII.
This table embraces the reports received from all stations west of New Mexico and
Colorado.
CONSOLIDATED TABLE FOR THE UNITED STATES— TABLE XCV.
This table is prepared by consolidating Tables LXXXII, XCI, and XCIV.
586
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XCIL
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAH
1864.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
4, 445.
4, 622.
3, 722.
4, 857.
3, 943.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
)eaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OHDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
3
1
2
7
1
1
11
4 Y^]110 V d
' 6 .
16
26
13
2
29
41
5
1
7
16
14
60
42
15
24
C
1
• •
10
' er a
8. Quart
6
10 A^rjiarrktea
112
77
191
1
7
1
123
4
23
2
1
1
1
51
7
10
1
4
o
.
'
12
4
3
21
~' ^ e. i . .y
1
1
1
J ^
1
1
1
1
8
1
46
60
1
4
2
70
43
4
1
1
2
61
43
11
1
1
10
5
65
37
5
13
17
63
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22. Syphilis
1
10
1
3
1
1
6
4
26. Purulent Ophthalmia
1
27. Serpent Bite
1
3
1
3
3
1
4
OBDEU III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens
0
4
5
1
o
32. Inebriation
7
14
1
9
33. Chronic Alcoholism
1
1
1
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
OUDEU l.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
36. Acute llheumatism
26
21
30
18
1
30
7
45
21
16
37. Chronic Hheumatisrn
15
38. Anaemia
1
39. Cancer
1
1
40. Tumors
41. Other Diseases of this Order .
4
OltDEU II.— Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
2
3
1
1
43. Scrofula
•
44. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch
5
2
3
3
40. Tape-worm
47. Other Intestinal Worms
1
48. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
396
1
365
1
432
1
479
5
297
3
DUKING THE YEAK ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
587
TABLE XCII.
of the Department of New Mexico.
1864.
1865.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY. FEBRUARY.
MAKCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
3, 098.
3, 404.
3, 601.
3, 931.
3, 228.
3, 052.
4, 486.
3, 866.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
22
23
24
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
34
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
4
2
2
1
1
1
21
5
1
1
12
1
4
4
18
4
15
21
I
3
25
10
8
13
7
5
4
10
2
6
26
1
2
15
12
13
3G
74
24
202
296
1
.
151
5
19
809
35
130
13
28
3
47
3
1
7
194
69
679
402
77
8
6
3
28
206
o
15
3
3
1
1
28
3
37
3
3
1
o
28
89
8
38
o
1
4
1
2
2
1
1
4
6
1
5
1
1
4
1
4
4
1
2
o
4
9
7
26
3
1
1
1
19
1
29
19
3
2
10
11
73
25
50
6
51
26
46
4
45
19
1
CO
37
9
1
1
8
1
68
6
18
48
33
4
1
2
30
1
9
o
7
2
1
o
2
1
3
4
5
3
120
30
40
2
5
2
7
1
1
2
5
1
2
1
1
3
1
18
48
9
2
1
2
1
1
19
10
1
1
357
173
10
1
30
13
1
27
16
4
41
13
1
27
30
12
31
20
12
1
1
1
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
4
\.
4
o
1
2
1
13
10
8
2
o
2
3
1
o
1
1
12
i
0
1
0
i;;; .
11
1
•
183
2
•_" ' 1
2
270
248
4
286
3
289
2
590
4, 126 24
588
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XCIL— DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO— Continued.
VKAU
18G4.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STISEXGTU
4, 445.
4, 622.
3, 722.
4, 857.
3, 943.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Brou ht forward
396
1
365
1
432
1
479
5
297
3
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
OUDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
1
8
1
1
10
1
1
5
1
3
1
6
.
. n ma ion o em ra
oo. n ammat on o ,. i c
3
7
4
1
10
7
J ' ' ^ g.
»
1
2
7
ORDEH II. — Diseases of Eye.
13
1
1
4
1
12
22
36
1
1
1
28
8
1
3
1
2
OKDEU III. — Diseases of Ear.
68. Deafness
69. Otorrhoea
1
o
1
4
1
1
1
1
70. Otber Diseases of this Order
ORDEU IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
71. Aneurism
72. Valvular Disease of Heart
4
1
1
2
1
73. Dropsy from Heart Disease i
74. Dropsy of Pericardium
75. Inflammation of Pericardium
1
1
76. Inflammation of Endocardium
1
77. Inflammation of Veins
78. Varicose Veins
79. Varicocele
80. Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
7
ORDEK V.— Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. Asthma
1
10
3
3
3
1
82. Acute Uronchitis
13
5
1
83. Chronic Uronchitis
84. Dropsy of Chest .
85. Haemorrhage from Nose
8C. Inflammation of Larynx
1
1
7
4
3
(j
n
2
6
7
5
1
1
1
1
22
3
1
7
3
87. Inflammation of Lungs
1
88. Inflammation of Pleura
1
1
89. Haemorrhage from Lungs
90. Other Diseases of this Order.. ..
2
10
107
4
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs.
91. Colic
13
9
92. Constipation
57
38
93. Cholera Morbus
1
9
o
1
94. Cirrhosis of Liver
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease.
1
13
1
9IJ. Dyspepsia
21
10
9
97. Diseases of Pancreas
98. Diseases of Spleen
99. Fistula in Auo
i
1
1
1
100. Hernia
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach
3
1
1
4
0
Carried forward. . .
GIG
0
523
1
544
2
616
7
438
6
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
589
TABLE XCIL— DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO— Continued.
1864.
1865.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
Al'RIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
3, 098.
3, 404.
3, 601.
3, 931.
3, 228.
3, 052.
4, 486.
3, 866.
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
CO
61
62
63
64
C5
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
<>fc
09
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
183
2
291
2
270
1
1
1
1
248
1
3
5
4
1
1
286
3
289
1
1
4
1
2
590
4.12G
3
16
86
7
24
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
4
2
38
2
1
1
1
1
2
5
3
108
5
1
17
3
1
174
9
7
23
11
3
12
9
3
1
1
4
10
7
1
15
21
1
15
7
1
2
7
1
2
1
1
2
6
1
1
1
6
3
1
0
10
4
1
10
1
1
25
1
1
2
3
1
1
5
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
o
1
11
3
1
1
1
1
1
o
1
2
4
1
1
1
1
2
1
3
8
158
30
1
2
4
1
1
1
1
1
15
18
4
31
3
12
°3
4
1
2
11
1
1
1
1
2
27
1
17
6
6
3
8
6
6
3
0
58
106
38
6
39
81
481
21
1
11
0
9
4
3
10
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
7
4
2
25
15
(i
30
3
2
27
1
1
4
0
23
30
46
52
1
1
2
88
4
4
6
1
5
6
2
] '
18
o
100
101
0
1
1
0
1
265
2
385
4
397
7
376
8
416
6 411
3 806
•J
5, 793 50
590
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XCIL— DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO— Concluded.
VEAH
1804.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
4, 445.
4, 622.
3, 722.
4, 857.
3, 943.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
C16
2
523
1
544
o
616
7
438
1
10
1
1
6
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
4
3
17
1
o
17
'
1
1
o
1
1
A t I fl f f I ' •
o
1
2
1
' 6.
1
o
2
6
1
o
110 Piles
13
1
1
C
1
7
2
3
Ill Other Diseases of tbis Order . ...
OBDBR VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
1
1
I
1
1
.
117. Inflammation of Kidneys
2
1
118. Inflammation of Bladder
119. Incontinence of Urine -•
1
1
120. Hydrocele
121. Other Diseases of this Order
1
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
122. Anchylosis
123. Caries
1
1
1
124. Inflain ination of Joints
125. Inflammation of Bones
1
1 26. Inflammation of Periosteum
127. Necrosis
128. Other Diseases of this Order
1
7
7
1
o
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System
129. Abscess
5
6
2
1
C
1
20
4
4
8
o
4
12
130. Boils
131. Carbuncle
132. Whitlow
3
7
5
4
o
0
133. Skin Diseases
3
1
26
6
CLASS V. —WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
135. Contusions
°7
37
0_
136. Concussion of Brain
137. Drowning
1
138. Sprains
16
3
3
11
2
1
11
<)
13i). Dislocation
1
4
1
20
7
140. Simple Fractures
2
3
141. ComjMjund Fractures
142. Gunshot Wounds
7
8
13
3
8
1
2
14
6
5
9
7
50
10
1
1
1
4
5
143. Incised Wounds
144. Lacerated Wounds
145. Punctured Wounds
14G. Poisoning
7
2
6
3
1
147. Other Accidents and Injuries. . .
3
148. ORDBR II. — Horn icide
14'J. ORDER III.— Suicide
150. ORliER IV.— Execution of Sentence.
Total
i
743
4
623
1
685
2
776
14
554
11
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
591
TABLE XCH.— DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO— Concluded.
18G4.
18(35.
DECEMBER.
JANUAHY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
3,098.
3,404.
3,601.
3, 931.
3,228.
3, 052.
4, 486.
3, 8G6.
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
14H
147
148
14!)
ir>o
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
265
2
385
4
397
7
376
1
16
8
416
6
411
3
806
1
10
3
3
2
5,793
5
110
6
10
1
20
10
15
67
12
5
1
1
1
5
17
3
2
50
8
14
7
1
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
4
]
1
1
5
2
1
• 3
2
1
3
2
3
4
1
3
7
3
8
7
1
3
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
o
1
1
3
1
6
3
46
1
1
1
5
12
20
1
j
•
1
1
2
6
1
3
2
o
51
88
11
24
o
7
o
1
8
2
10
1
1
4
1
20
2
1
9
6
6
4
4
16
2
1
28
2
1
5
20
i r
1
16
1
4
4
3
7
4
14
94
18
21
27
31
!
.1
4
6
9
17
2
3
8
1
6
7
o
7
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
3
1
36
137
13
1
1
40
1
4
5
1
]
7
3
4
163
83
47
17
29
28
2
9
10
5
2
5
C
5
1
1
5
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
5
1
3
20
1
1
2
2
4
1
4
i
5
1
5
2
4
1
2 !
o
397
7
503
8
480
g
500
9
492
9
485
Q
i.oo-;
7
7, 245
90
592
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XCIII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1864.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRBNC.TH
7, 790.
7, 699.
7, 512.
6, 209.
6, 402.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. : Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDEll I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
1
7
1
1
3
1
5
1
5
' e
50
77
81
45
11
1
36
67
35
32
93
31
5
4
55
20
1-2
0-
9
7
1
92
uffcstne r
136
4
10
250
3
24
1
3
115
123
1
4
44
1
11
30
2
3
5
1
19
" -A
5
1
2
1
1
5
3
2
18 Diphtheria
1
1
27
1
74
37
10
1
2
4
1
2
30
40
1
100
41
6
4
2
24
82
y
114
78
15
o
1
OUDEH II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22 Syphilis
92
35
103
58
7
24 Orchitis
6
3
1
25 Stricture of the Urethra
1
27. Serpent Bite
28. Other Diseases of this Order
1
2
2
2
OUDEK III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
8
1
8
19
5
30. I'urpura
1
4
18
31. Delirium Tremens
1
8
°0
1
1
15
3
1
0
32. Inebriation
15
33. Chronic Alcoholism
1
1
34. Other Diseases of this Order
4
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
36. Acute Rheumatism
58
39
63
38
70
31
54
64
7
66
37. Chronic Rheumatism
43
1
38. Anaemia
2
39. Cancer
1
40. Tumors
2
1
2
o
1
0
2
1
41. Other Diseases of this Order
T
1
1
4
3
1
ORDER II.— Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
1
4
3
1
6
1
43. Scrofula
2
44. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch
2
1
1
46. Tape-worm
1
"
47. Other Intestinal Worms
1
48. Other Diseases of this Order
1
Carried forward
569 j 4
814
5
654
1
691
1
673
DURING THE YEAE ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
593
TABLE XCIIL
of the Departme7it of the Pacific.
18B4.
! 1865-
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MAUCU.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
8, 282.
9, 114.
9, 480.
7, 761.
7, 806.
8, 951.
8, 633. 7, 970.
1
o
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases. Deaths.
1
5
2
4
1
4
2
2
1
5
3
2
34
o
19
5
o
1
10
37
25
10
1
79
5
9
3
3
28
22
61
27
o
23
oo
31
18
89
21
18
1
158
12
4
3G3
755
1
51
17
9
53
68
41
17
77
36
28
351
105
8
1 375
5
1
52
12
1
97
3
139
1
1
68
7
14
1
4
66
5
4
1
13
20
3
9
1
13
o
83
201
13
45
1
36
2
3
1
15
1
7
8
2
3
6
1
8
3
1
3
101
3
148
80
8
£
o
3
4
80
15
93
81
20
2
18
1°6
1
11
125
40
117
57
2
1
1°5
16
47
875
159
1,317
825
117
31
15
4
72
19
125
1
43
14
116
80
7
7
1
14
101
98
14
2
43
134
90
11
4
6
1
o
2
90
8
2
1
5
o
1
1
9
13
0
2
oo
1
49
1
3
1
5
25
1
5
3
3
1
1
13
0
14
106
8
65
210
17
7
5
915
706
46
9
12
57
30
4
51
1
9
1
6
13
1
1
o
1
5
0
1
9
23
7
34
3
1
3
2
2
1
1
1
61
64
3
o
71
95
6
105
60
po
99
78
4
79
75
14
107
52
58
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
4
2
1
3
7
3
8
3
2
4
1
1
5
1
3
5
3
1
7
1
2
1
3
8
o
1
3
3
o
1
14
1
4
11
1
5
1
1
1
15 .
1
1
3 .
' 1 .
712
7
793
5
816
4
807
1
887
4
859
4
790
3 ! 9,065 39
75
594
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS ,
TABLE XCIII.— DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC— Continued.
YEAR
1804
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
7, 700.
7, 699.
7, 512.
6, 209.
6, 402.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases, j Deaths.
569
4
814
5
654
1
691
2
o
1
673
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
49. Apoplexy
1
10
1
1
25
3
50. Epilepsy
13
3
1
7
3 !
3
3 ;
1
1
!
1
1
11
20
19
3
9
4
13
1
3
1
1
4
4
1
1
3
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
1 !
18
1
7
2
1
15
13
1
17
3
20
64 InVmnAion of Iris""
0
2
1
'
5
„
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
1
1
1
4
1
3
3
0
69. Otorrhcea
2
2
1
1
1
2
5
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
3
1
3
1
!
73. Dropsy from Heart Disease
76. Inflammation of Endocardium
77. Inflammation of Veins
78. Varicose Veins
1
2
3
1
o
79. Varicocele
1 ...
80. Other Diseases of this Order . .
1
3
34
C
1
3
24
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. Asthma
2
o
o
82. Acute Bronchitis
°4
73
118
83. Chronic Bronchitis
6
14
15
5 ..
84. Dropsy of Chest
1
85. Haemorrhage from Nose
86. Inflammation of Larynx
10
5
1C
3
3
11
3
30
2
7
9
5
9
13
14
87. Inflammation of Lungs
1
6
88. Inflammation of IMeura .
13
89. Haemorrhage from Lungs
1 ...
90. Other Diseases of this Order
5
14
69
14
17
14
09
5
7
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Oryans.
91. Colic
11
92. Constipation
64
14
48
7
93. Cholera Morbus
i
94. Cirrhosis of Liver
93. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
96. Dyspepsia
21 I
17
16
17
14
97. Diseases of Pancreas
98. Diseases of Spleen
1
99. Fistula in Ano
1
7
1
8
1
100. Hernia
4
5
• 3
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
828 6 1,094 6 i 911 3 1,001 2 999
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
TABLE XCIII.— DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC— Continued.
595
18(34.
1865.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
8, 282. *
9, 114.
9, 480.
7, 761.
7, 806.
8, 951.
8, 633.
7, 970.
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
5
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Death?.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
712
7
793
816
1
6
12
4
807
2
2
13
2
1
1
887
4
1
859
4
790
1
8
11
1
3
9,065
6
40
160
19
3
2
1
7
256
21
2
18
18
1
291
39
1
5
19
3
10
3
3
15
6
3
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
1
20
5
1
25
1
17
2
3
16
33
1
35
38
1
o
1
2
o
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
3
3
1
1
1
40
o
1
20
2
1
2
2
22
3
1
3
6
1
i)
28
34
4
32
4
1
32
3
31
18
27
30
15
24
31
4
21
2
2
7
2
4
6
1
1
4
5
1
3
3
1
3
2
1
2
5
6
3
1
3
3
!
1
o
1
1
4
o
2
1
1
1
I !
0
2
:
19
6
2
38
1,200
257
y
1
1
1
' ;
4
5
1
0
1
.
2
195
13
1
232
46
1
o
160
34
3
83
17
1
8
1°5
3
68
4°
7
64
1
1
44
1
15
i
4
152
218
233
24
289
173
945
1
1
15
12
35
4
23
11
115
1
6
9
15
1
28
14
89
2
10
29
23
1
15
63
o
18
52
20
14
52
25
2
46
9
94
1
27
17
°6
28
3
I
0
3
3
17
28
3
39
15
2
14
4
1
2
7
31
]3
27
1
1
2
7
93
4
73
o
96
o
o
43
1
1
208
1
1
17
12
27
16
12
17
1
1
8
1
3
1
10
6
8
78
1
2
7
1
6
i
4
6
10
1
1,206 12 1,406
7 1,398
9
1,256
5
1,446
10
1,327
7
1,154 7 14,026
74
596
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XCIIL— DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC— Concluded
YEAR
1864.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
7, 790.
7, 699.
7, 512.
C, 209.
6, 402.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
828
6
1,094
6
911
3
1,001
o
999
1
11
1
1
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
11
7
8
3
1°
10
o
2
2
6
1
23
o
1
1
1
o
1
o
17
6
1
16
1
03
6
1
8
1
1
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
4
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
118. Inflammation of Bladder
I'M. Hydrocele
1
121. Other Diseases of this Order
0
ORDEU VIII. — Diseases of Hones and Joints.
122. Anchylosis
1
123. Caries
1
1
124. Inflammation of Joints
4
1
1
125. Inflammation of Bones
126. Inflammation of Periosteum
2
1
1
127. Necrosis
1
128. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDEK IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
129. Abscess
16
10
1
4
15
r
14
21
1
12
14
25
19
16
131. Boils
25
131. Carbuncle
2
3
13
1
4°
132. Whitlow
3
16
3
36
6
12
1
46
1
133. Skin Diseases
16
1
49
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
13;"). Contusions
56
2
136. Concussion of Brain
1
137. Drowning
1
1
138. Sprains
2°
36
139. Dislocation
7
o
1
5
2
3
140. Simple fractures
4
4
141. Compound Fractures .
142. (runshot Wounds....
3
6
4
3
3
10
6
4
7
11
6
6
1
5
11
4
5
3
1
5
7
4
4
44
1
1
143. Incised Wounds . . .
144. Lacerated Wounds
145. Punctured Wounds.
1
1
1
146. Poisoning
147. Other Accidents and Injuries
2
6
148. ORDER II.— Homicide
1
149. ORDEU HI.— Suicide
150. OUUEK IV.— Execution of Sentence
Total
1,059
9
1,319
8
1,136
4
1,207
0
1, 255
3
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
597
TABLE XCIIL— DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC— Concluded.
1804.
1865.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
8,282.
9, 114.
9, 480.
7, 761.
7, 806.
8, 951.
8,633.
7, 970.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
!! 1
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
130
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
ir>o
1,206
1
22
12
1,406
1
42
2
1
7
1,398
9
1,256
5
1,446
10
1,327
04
7
1,154
1
13
3
3
1
6
3
4
10 '
2
7
14,026
5
290
38
24
2
32
16
29
74
59
41
6
2
37
5
4
5
2
6
1
3
1
1
11
2
2
2
1
1
3
4
:
'!
4
6
5
5
3
1
1
3
1
4
1
1
1
13
3
2
3
5
20
6
24
1
198
37
5
7
o
2
1
4
i
2
1
1
1
1
4
3
3
5
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
2
o
5
8
1
3
1
22
38
16
10
4
7
4
12
12
1
5
2
8
202
3
1
1
8
3
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
3
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
14
20
3
3
15
4
59
1
19
33
1
36
26
3
9
16
8
43
2
13
30
6
5
26
1
24
27
5
4
oo
1
13
33
8
16
288
21
6
18
4
G8
6
30
5
76
4
28
65
2°7
7
45
3
47
1
79
43
646
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
5
26
66
37
3
o
59
43
67
4
7
38
1
3
48'J
22
2
4
2
3
7
ff
2
4
8
51
69
150
74
57
64
48
1
18
16
8
1
10
7
10
3
1
6
25
1
13
10
3
6
3
9
o
4
24
5
7
3
1°
4
2
1
11
9
3
1
13
2
4
2
1
3
1
1
16
1
1
1
1,470
14
14
1,732
8
1,715 11
1,590
8
1,764
1,695
12
1,431
10 17,373 | 107
598
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XCIV
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
1864.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER. NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
12, 235.
12, 321.
11, 234. 11, 066. 10, 345.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases. ; Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
4
l
g
8
2
3
1
l
5
12
5
66
49
106
122
1
43
83
49
7
6
306
5
51
1
1
1
5
9°
19
79
26
1
135
36
11
50
12
41
5
12
1
143
12
29
1
6
o
248
4
22
327
5
45
2
4
246
15
53
4
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
8
2
1
3
2
1
0
1
1
3
34
2
162
4
1
34
5
168
95
1
1-1
3
41
3
161
84
17
5
4
35
95
o ' ]
2
120
1
26
OKDEK II. — Enthetic Diseases.
°2 Syphilis
177
99
25
3
1
97
78
10
3
2
12
3
2
1
6
1°
1
2
4
3
5
1
4
1
5
20
OIJDEII III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
1
10
1
12
05
1
1
29
o
32. Inebriation . .
17
2
5
2
4
1
1
34. Other Diseases of this Order
4
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
OHLEK l.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
36. Acute Rheumatism
84
60
o
93
56
3
100
38
99
79
7
87
59
1
37. Chronic Rheumatism
38. Anaemia
1
39. Cuncer
1
1
1
1
2
3
3
40. Tumors
0
1
i)
2
5
8
o
41. Other Diseases of this Order
1
3
4
1
4
3
1
OKDEK II. — Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
1
4
3
1
6
43. Scrofula
1
44. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch
2
5
1
2
4
1
4G. Tape-worm
5
47. Other Intestinal Worms
1
1
48. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
965
5
1,179
6
1,086
o
1,170
6 970 3
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
599
TABLE XCIV.
of the Pacific Region.
1864.
18G5.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY. FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
11, 380.
12, 518. 13, 081.
11, 692.
11,034.
12, 003,
13, 119. 11, 836.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. ' Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases. Deaths.
l
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
l(i
17
18
19
20
22
23
24
2G
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
5
2
5
2
5
1
4
2
4
1
6
1
4
2
55
31
10
2
1
1
1
14
41
43
10
3
94
8
12
3
7
32
60
38
9
25
86
37
o
31
66
35
5
2
80
12
19
1
8
27
46
89
49
54
163
555
1,051
2
72
51
45
502
110
27
2,184
118
331
26
73
4
83
3
17
54
1,069
228
1, 996
1,227
19
6
92
18
1
247
20
42
2
3
6
176
5
11
3
3
1
1
1
6
4
2
129
15
21
3
96
11
20
2
9
1
1
1
6
6
1
1
1
13
1
17
8
8
3
1
4
120
4
177
99
11
3
2
3
9
7
26
4
4
130
21
144
107
29
2
18
172
1
13
135
0
1
1
144
44
194
127
4
80
20
193
118
15
2
2
2
1
45
1
49
32
18
146
128
51
1
4
2
100
82
7
4
1
164
113
1]
7
1
15
' 20
5
7
....
194
39
21
3
42
312
8
83
258
7
6
1 °7°
2
1
1
0
11
18
4
9
1
8
20
1
0
22
4
53
6
33
1
0
28
6
123
1
1
>
1
6
3
2
1
1
13
4
1
14
24
1
1
o
7
35
3
1
1
98
85
15
5
1
3
1
1
91
77
4
0
98
111
10
146
109
70
5
129
138
72
90
5
879
56
9
25
2
1
1
2
1
1
3
7
3
8
3
2
4
3
5
4
10
o
3
7
3
1
8
3
2
1
3
6
1
3
3
6 !
o
6
3
1
67
38
4
63 .
16
1
4
13
11
2
5
4
1
o
0
26
1
1
4
1 .
895 9
1,084
7
1,086
4
1,055
5
1,173
7
1,148
6
1,380
3
13, 191
63
GOO
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE XCIV.— PACIFIC REGION— Continued.
YKAK
1804.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
12, 235.
12, 321.
11, 234.
11, 066.
10, 345.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
965
5
1,179
6
1,086
2
1,170
o
6
970
3
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseasesof Xervous System.
0
18
2
1
1
31
3
3
4
6
4
4
1
1
1
1
3
27
1
12
03
19
4
20
1
3
3
1
4
1
3
1
4
1
3
7
1
ORDER 11. — Diseases of Eye.
31
2
8
6
2
27
35
1
2
8
1
3
3
3
53
4
1
3
1
o
48
2
2
1
8
2
1
2
8
2
3
ORDER 111. — Diseases of Ear.
68 Deafness
69 Otorrhcea
3
4
1
5
1
1
6
ORDER IV. — Diseasesof Organs of Circulation.
1
3
1
3
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
0
3
1
o
79. Varicocele
1
80. Other Diseases of this Order
1
4
44
9
I
3
1
6
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. Asthma
2
79
15
2
123
6
82. Acute Bronchitis
31
6
83. Chronic Bronchitis
15
84. Dropsy of Chest
1
85. Haemorrhage from Xose
86. Inflammation of Larynx
11
6
23
7
6
17
3
13
9
10
1
14
11
16
17
3
17
23
1
1
15
28
16
2
14
14
104
1
87. Inflammation of Lungs
1
1
88. Inflammation of Pleura
89. Harnnorrhage from Lungs
90. Other Diseases of this Order
7
24
176
6
30
34
OUDER VI. — Diseasesof Digestive Organs.
91. Colic
92. Constipation
86
10
93. Cholera Morbus
1
23
7
94. Cirrhosis of Liver
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
1
30
1
96. Dyspepsia
42
27
23
97. Diseases of Pancreas
}
98. Diseases of Spleen
1
1
7
1
1
1
99. Fistula in Ano . .
2
5
100. Hernia
n«
i
: •"
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach
'
Carried forward
i
1,444
8
1,617
7
1,455
5
1,617
9
1,437
6
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
601
TABLE XCIV.— PACIFIC REGION— Continued.
1804.
1805.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY. FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
Al'ltli..
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
11, 380.
12, 518.
13, 081.
11, 692.
11, 034.
12, 003.
13, 119.
11, 836.
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
S'J
90
91
92
93
94
<r>
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
895
9
1,084
7
1,086
2
7
13
4
4
1
1,055
3
5
38
2
1
5
1
1
1,173
7
1
1,148
1
7
26
6
1,380
1
10
49
3
3
13, 191
9
56
246
63
3
1
6
20
5
11
3
5
19
1
26
3
4
6
10
364
26
3
35
21
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
3
24
1
35
1
32
40
50
0
59
2
2
1
0
1
1
22
o
2
I
1
2
1
9
3
3
1
3
1
50
3
0
1
2
465
40
25
50
41
18
36
40
4
32
28
2
4
o
34
6
1
6
6
o
44
8
1
4
5
36
5
1
5
5
57
3
1
o
3
2
3
6
0
7
2
8
3
1
3
4
1
3
1
3
5
4
4
1
4
4
4
2
1
o
1
0
1
1
7
3
2
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
o
1
4
8
1
21
7
5
46
1,358
287
4
o
210
324
271
30
328
254
1,426
64
1
3
296
3
1
o
5
1
5
1
1
o
1
1
4
199
14
1
1
1
1
247
50
1
4
107
19
1
8
156
47
1
3
80
42
7
87
26
1
178
38
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
21
1
8
14
16
3
28
37
141
3
56
24
1
20
17
88
o
35
58
26
19
61
29
0
°7
31
25
28
4
46
20
1
25
4
3
1 i
4
6
27
4
1
1
18
38
4
24
13
161
2
1
o
3
7
34
15
27
61
15
1°4
1
1
"
11
102
4
100
3
1
1°6
L
1
1
03
96
07
'.18
99
100
101
17
16
31
<x>
17
03
1
]
8
1
•5
8 !
9
96 '
3
1
11
2
9
1
7
6
6
"
1,471
14
1,791
11
1,795
16
1,632
13
1,862
16
1,738
10
1,960
9
19,819 121
7*5
G02
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XCIV.— PACIFIC REGION— Concluded.
VKAU 1««4-
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
12, 235.
12, 321.
11, 234.
11, 006.
10, 345.
LIST OF DISEASES. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
1,444
2
15
8
1,617
7
1,455
5
1,617
9
1,437
2
21
o
C
OKDEU VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
... aei orr g
11
3
2
29
27
103. n am a
7
3
4
o
1 ' '
2
1 "• T f 1> 't
1
o
1
1
' " a a . . ,
8
3
o
1
1
4
20
' CU 6. f T ' - >
3
\
27
9
3
30
7
1
I
o
o
110 Piles
"3
23
3
7
1
1
1
1
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
1
1
113 Diabetes
1
115. Diseases of Prostate '
110. Diseases of Testis 2
2
2
0
4
o
3
3
1
1
1
2
118. Inflammation of Bladder
3
1
3
119. Incontinence of Urine
120. Hydrocele
1
1
1
1
1
1
121. Other Diseases of this Order
o
OKDEU V11I. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
122. Anchylosis
123. Caries
0
1
124. Inflammation of Joints
4
1
1
2
1
125. Inflammation of Bones
12G. Inflammation of Periosteum
1
127. Necrosis
1
128. Other Diseases of this Order
1
26
ORUEH IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System
129. Abscess
21
18
°6
18
33
o
16
37
o
130. Boils
°2
"3
131. Carbuncle
3
1
15
1
8
15
132. Whitlow
8
°0
_
}33. Skin Diseases
21
23
1
70
19
1
07
1
'
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
G
70
0
135. Contusions
2
7'i
7°
130". Concussion of Brain
1
137. Drowning
1
13*. Strains
38
7
31
43
45
13;>. Dislocation
3
140. Simple Fractures...
4
C
6
•
8
1
25
14
4
4
44
3
141. Compound Fractures ...
142. (Juushot Wounds
10
14
17
6
2
1
5
°4
55
21
4
0
1
143. Incised Wounds
144. Lacerated Wounds. ..
JO
n
145. Punctured Wounds
4
7
8
1
8
7
G
5
2
1
o
146. Poisoning:
147. Other Accidents and Injuries
lit?. OKDER II.— Homicide
1
149. ORDEH III.— Suicide.. .
150. OUDEH IV.— Execution of Sentence
Total
1,802 13
1,942
9 1, 821
6
1,983
20
1,809
14
. _
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
G03
TABLE XCIV.— PACIFIC REGION— Concluded.
18O4.
1805.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APUIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
11.380.
12, 518.
13, 081.
11, 692.
11, 034.
12, 003.
13, 119.
11, 836.
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
Cases. | Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. , Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1,471
1
30
14
1,791
1
56
11
1,795
16
1,632
1
57
6
3
13
1,862
16
1,738
1
27
6
o
10
1,960
o
9
19, 819
10
400
44
34
3
52
26
44
265
124
66
2
1
38
5
4
23
6
6
1
10
4
7
17
9
1
4
y
3
15
2
3
2
1
1
1
4
1
6
1
6
7
8
7
5
1
6
0
4
1
3
1
3
o
1
1
16
6
27
20
1
1
1
3
o
9
1
2
1
1
49
10
8
3
1
27
55
19
4
10
4
15
58
2
5
4
10
253
4
3
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
2
1
G
3
4
8
o
0
3
5
10
1
3
1
1
9
3
1
4
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
3
8
1
20
6
1
13
1
2
16
5
4
23
4
80
1
2
15
1
21
43
1
7
1
38
27
3
11
17
13
63
2
oo
1
30
31
5
5
38
4
51
12
36
6
7
30
10
72
39
1
9
37
32
376
32
89
321
2
5
56
1
110
5
88
9
90
61
918
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
4
11
35
83
2
7
i
45
66
o
50
1
9
1
14
1°
70
5
74
1
6
626
4
8
35
76
6
232
233
121
3
1
41
19
20
13
1
15
5
7
1
13
37
14
3
4
6
2
12
17
2
16
8
1
1
20
o
3
9
27
6
8
3
1
1
24
12
4
12
3 :
24
6
7
3
9
2
2
0
1
1
74
93
76
3
4
1
3
8
2
1
6
2
1
1
2
1,867
21 2,235 16
2,195
20
2,090
17
2,256
23
2,180
21
2,438 17 24,618
197
604
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TKOOPS
TABLE XCV.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAH
1864.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOUEU.
NOVEMBEU
5G7, 846.
556, 006.
540, 578.
560, 661.
556, 536.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OUDEU I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
1,237
130
2,394
64
10,097
12, 261
11,138
1,149
367
42, 437
4,945
8,862
756
574
73
531
3
174
515
764
942
244
17
181
14
17
88
169
1, 039
187
122
21
43
62
1,211
45
2, 099
14
11, 443
15, 336
12, 862
1, 292
417
38,014
4, 9L'9
8,500
699
553
77
1110
4
98
276
r>26
842
10
230
4
219
22
14
125
163
1,218
237
139
15
28
17
1
15
5
1,110
21
1, 573
174
8, 357
16, 458
12, 763
1, 617
475
28, 036
4,298
7,150
771
353
46
108
1
100
142
949
204
70
13.3
9
9
1
127
105
1,246
222
146
20
13
9
1
17
5
883
5
1,337
493
6, 705
16, 233
11,185
1, 255
273
23, 277
3, 372
6,054
645
370
81
348
4
121
280
1 749
471
8
162
200
130
15
8
5
94
89
1, 282
181
141
12
22
10
800
32
914
38
4, 835
11,167
8,447
933
185
18, 442
2,879
4,159
533
411
139
497
5
161
463
2 5U8
402
6
117
18
72
14
o
46
57
828
94
70
16
51
27
17. Scarlet Fever
18. Diphtheria
24
15
1
15
20. Epidemic Catarrh
3, 198
1,587
2,073
70
3
3, 0-19
1, C69
1, 946
236
48
158
55
3
2,676
1,612
1 944
44
2
2,251
1,601
1, 944
252
63
2
2,050
1,595
1, 907
232
35
6
OitUEit 11. — Enthetie Diseases.
22. Syphilis
23. Gonorrhoea
24. Orchitis
237
1
213
44
25. Stricture of the Urethra
62
44
104
4
24
41
99
4
31
568
6
51
66
11
18
3
3, 005
1,877
172
4
1
26. Purulent Ophthalmia .
166
11
115
27. Serpent liite
8
29
8
57
28. Other Diseases of this Order
2
12
1
9
1
OUDEU III.— Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
1,655
26
57
100
25
8
o
9
1
1,809
25
72
102
18
3
7
1,714
21
52
106
16
17
8
2,198
1, 556
471
8
36
14
169
122
5
29
776
17
49
80
15
3
9
30. I'urpura
31. Delirium Tremens
3
-1
1
1
3
1
32. Inebriation
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
1
6
2, 373
1,703
6x!8
3
55
42
202
156
1
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
OUDEU I.—Oiathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
3tj. Acute Rheumatism
2,316
1,585
697
11
51
7
5
18
1
8
6
16
3
6
10
2,574
1,677
316
2
45
17
160
92
6
5
6
9
4
5
8
37. Chronic Rheumatism.. .
38. Aiijemia
39. Cancer
40. Tumors
2
3
110
1
41. Other Diseases of this Order
19
195
141
2
730
119
6
2
78
3
121
2
15
134
100
7
OUDI:I: H.— Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
82
43. Scrofula
44. Other Diseases of this Order. . .
CLASS III. -PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch
4(>. Tape-worm
<)•;
14
54
/43
47. Other Intestinal Worms
56
3
1
44
3
2
31
10
48. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
113, 625
3,456
113,971
3, 539
98, 232
3,048 ' 87,533
3, 074
70, 525 2, U06
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
605
TABLE XCV.
of the United /States Army.
1864.
1865.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
569, 591.
593, 475.
588, 451.
602, 837.
632, 002.
642, 008.
478, 268.
574, 022.
Cases.
ieaths. ]
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
ieaths.
2ases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
l
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
"4
O(-
27
28
or
30
31
32
33
34
35
3b
37
38
39
40
41
686
11
720
399
3
75
837
20
643
431
5
95
647
22
482
338
9
64
625
9
740
364
16
62
527
15
781
389
10
62
625
6
767
396
19
59
551
12
699
302
3
94
9,739
328
13, 149
783
73, 386
127, 393
105, 834
11, 132
2,814
284, 580
41, 574
61, 470
6,159
6,456
2,649
9,798
73
1,824
8,083
29,497
5,798
124
1,468
309
1,198
134
75
21
727
973
10, 600
1,248
919
494
1,131
1,082
16
170
17
4,149
7,309
743
107
18, 611
3, 611
3,384
436
500
237
1, 149
8
145
488
3,719
2,590
1,802
1, 925
246
31
123
1
4
399
54
79
13
o
3
3,438
2,284
165
6
32
33
167
108
1,083
6
If
71
10
3 1
1
38
47
1,082 ;
65
59
39
103
63
3
14
2
4,256
7, 292
6,553
718
100
17, 065
2,912
3,106
405
506
362
1,001
3
277
631
4,960
1,763
1,574
1 724
69
4
6
3,746
6,330
5,623
637
134
12, 549
2,446
2,287
260
654
451
927
20
223
786
4,661
1,703
1,445
1 652
50
3
1
1
31
40
606
37
56
64
192
103
3
16
4,522
7,709
6,751
791
181
16, 587
2,802
3, 095
336
716
449
2,439
197
1,595
4,144
1,877
1,695
1,905
262
68
16
2
2
39
62
771
19
45
67
200
345
4
17
1
4,606
8,623
7,522
676
119
20, 275
2,453
4,410
373
698
373
1, 659
7
159
1,603
2,341
53
11
5
4
38
39
658
35
89
144
251
1
14
1
5, 563
9,722
8,799
661
284
26, 589
4,027
5, 907
536
677
250
75i*
2
110
974
1,696
2,586
1, 828
2,139
276
65
9
2
o
33
53
572
45
17
77
122
89
5,107
8,040
6,882
660
172
22, 698
2,900
4, 556
409
444
111
197
4
59
330
990
1,999
1,457
1,816
2°4
87
7
6
1
29
86
534
76 |
30
21
50
12
1
3
39
63
764
57
59
53
163
94
2
7
13
92
4
46
4
25
1
59
4
2,229
1,782
2, 033
54
1
33
1
19
3
27, 941
19,647
23, 008
2, 911
521
1,576
56
452
12, 844
333
641
1, 019
185
99
102
34, 604
21,409
3,661
52
571
247
1, 995
1, 429
49
12,015
221
332
44
595
34
231
29
218
284
52
1
1
47
121
47
141
1
24
974
22
56
77
10
13
3,204
2, 034
200
3
47
16
180
133
o
33
204
5
88
1,508
67
44
94
19
14
15
3,459
1,788
264
7
82
43
130
89
119
3
19
1,376
35
55
125
12
8
10
3,304
1,732
247
2
46
23
146
113
o
6
10
509
23
57
46
7
5
14
3,147
1,816
175
17
485
50
49
56
8
1
15
o
1
1
8
34
1,071
16
45
88
10
13
5
2,036
1,177
152
3
44
18
137
106
10
780
4
202
15
74
19
13
8
1
96
51
89
8
4
1,338
28
1
"3
1
7
1
1
29
1
10
4
o
4
23
1
7
3
20
2
5
3
1
6
2
7
1
1
4
1
1
10
5
6
1
1
5
3, 550
2, 180
174
10
3
4
9
5
6
7
3
2
6
6
4
1
19
1
5
o
8
1
1
47
21
184
104
1
1,306
1
1
135
2
3
44
21
162
94
1 172
1
o
6
121
6
3
133
1
8
159
160
4
1 422
1
109
4
1
1
79
1
42
4:
44
4o
4(
4
•18
126
2
1,407
19
1,478
14
33
3
1
19
0'
18
23
10
11
18
i)
15
3
7
'
2,144
!
G8, 877 2, 363
65, 342
55,437
1,800
68,, 097
2,358
72,505
2, 085
84, 261
1, 777 66, 280
1,470 ! 964,685 2:>, ICO
606
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XCV.— UNITED STATES ARMY— Continued
1804.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEITEMHER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
5G7, 846.
556, 006.
540, 578.
560, 661.
556, 536.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
13, 625
17
1G4
2,443
46
19
14
10
147
1,650
47
885
40
19
19
1,908
89
548
74
193
CO
219
102
3,456
24
13, 971
20
3,539
98, 232
20
3,048
21
15
87, 533
12
214
1, 340
39
9
5
17
84
921
54
12
23
26
3, 074
15
12
70,525 j
13
239
1,092
2,006
13
6
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
7
181
2,137
5
196
1,284
51. Headache
2
39
13
8
2
1
5
34
10
39
24
3
14
107
1,466
41
731
41
30
8
1,655
5
35
15
3
51
18
5
14
99
984
68
73
37
27
21
2
14
3
3
4
1
18
12
5
1
1
5
2
7
29
21
10
7
101
1, 026
32
2
17
14
1
51. Innamma ion o ^ . en . &
5
28
14
12
14
3
1
^ i
39
19
12
6
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye,
8
1,469
36
ooo
1,543
1, 322
56
563
60
130
59
234
74
3
81
15
11
12
5
4
212
52
31
412
112
M 01? * f tr o a
39
123
7
98
19
84
47
150
OUDEK III. — Diseases of Ear.
' "
47
174
65
4
97
15
7
9
6
5
43
137
69 Otorrhcea
11
3
105
21
3
14
3
3
143
17
5
68
20
4
12
11
6
134
7°
ORIJEU IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
10
88
23
5
16
11
12
183
2
18
3
3
3
1
27
3
1
1
O
1
17
6
3
2
2
22
8
1
4
o
1
13
3
2
3
1
1
78. Varicose Veins
79. Varicocole
153
170
50
158
1,414
382
6
5Q
102
107
26
194
2, 296
376
32
175
670
470
105
271
1, 594
2, 621
365
15
102
682
3
34
40
473
8
80. Other Diseases of this Order
42
172
1, 609
275
16
58
157
477
483
114
205
2, 454
4, 035
1, 062
7
122
831
4
31
9
2
7
13
3
7
3
6
11
3
9
207
1,507
381
15
36
171
354
431
82
128
1,779
2,736
499
16
155
728
0
8
3
7
13
1
3
3
80
11
9
6
1
1
9
1
12
6
11
209
3, 283
480
7
20
227
1,044
571
89
426
1,293
2,315
243
6
93
486
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. Asthma
1
4
8
3
o
4
220
9
3
11
o
1
4
1
14
82. Acute Bronchitis
5
6
3
1
4
111
13
4
7
4
83. Chronic Bronchitis
84. Dropsy of Chest
85. Haemorrhage from Nose
86. Inflammation of Larynx
2
196
9
o
18
7
1
11
118
467
423
116
225
2,596
3,739
1, 046
9
114
838
1
15
1
129
7
4
12
2
7
1
6
3
87. Inflammation of Lungs
88. Inflammation of Pleura
89. Hiemorrhnge from Lungs
90. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
91. Colic
92. Constipation
93. Cholera Morbus
94. Cirrhosis of Liver
5
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
6
17
1
96. Dyspepsia
'J7. Diseases of Pancreas
98. Diseases of Spleen
j
2
o
11
55
398
6
'.'9. Fistula in Ano
orj
492
1
46
494
18
1
1
1
100. Hernia
1
440
10
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach
17
2
Carried forward
3,383
135, 527
1
3, 918
134, 491
3,915
113, 758
3,339
1
103, 286
86, 572
2,380
DUEINQ THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
607
TABLE XCV.— UNITED STATES AEMY— Continued.
18(>4.
18G5.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUXE. TOTAL.
569, 591.
593, 475.
588, 451.
602, 837.
632, 002.
642, COS.
478, 268. 574, 022.
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Death?.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. I Deaths. ' Cases. Deaths.
68, 877
10
235
1, 226
19
16
18
22
89
1,309
55
2, 3G3
14
7
2
22
15
0
1
65, 342
18
228
1,325
28
18
14
23
91
1, 316
51
2,144
14
8
2
16
20
5
2
55, 437
14
218
1,180
38
32
14
21
86
1 292
1,800
13
7
1
36'
12
Of;
4
68, 097
19
248
1,410
28
34
17
*.5
66
1,314
41
4
21
2,358
18
13
3
36
32
53
1
1
1
72, 505
15
160
1,548
35
12
20
12
53
1,334
56
51
37
25
2,085
18
9
84, 261
12
185
1,912
46
16
9
5
102
1, 398
47
251
45
30
11
2,041
76
178
18
1,777
14
5
2
28
13
8
3
1
2
4
7
66, 280
5
184
1,627
34
9
3
9
85
941
31
160
28
34
9
1,531
56
207
28
1,470
5
2
964, 685
175
2,452
18, 524
432
228
132
182
1,110
14, 981
587
2, 168
424
296
29, 120
191
96
22
312
184
138
24
4
46
69
116
36
19
16
1
15
16
9
2
3
64
1
36
19
17
1, 41-2
38
46
28
121
5
5
2
17
5
8
34
18
13
1,476
39
66
93
48
164
13
4
83
17
16
24
5
6
153
83
16
219
4,128
596
26
31
391
1,319
705
111
531
1, 291
2,764
207
10
125
547
4
32
28
6
22
12
13
9
1 672
8
1,675
118
19, 184
637
2 708
1,480
36
39
1
1
69
108
34
116
78
59
207
18
119
48
166
22
29
381
1,439
646
2, 164
365
50
1, 120
199
87
185
82
62
1,704
1,105
309
2,182
35,815
6, 225
161
562
3,568
11, 625
7, 233
1,178
6,174
18, 295
36, 978
5,161
97
1, 301
7,646
17
289
547
4,818
125
120
120
66
195
20
o
101
21
4
13
10
5
124
60
205
55
175
35
159
1
186
17
2
110
13
7
12
4
14°
1
1°
7
8
117
12
10
22
3
7
135
81
23
165
2,479
544
14
39
255
765
665
104
339
1,517
3,996
426
6
113
734
2
45
5
5
83
16
5
15
8
2
/
5
4
1
1
10
2
1
7
3
1
86
14
7
17
3
4
90
54
45
170
5, 274
846
5
46
47J
1, 736
835
90
1,717
846
2,262
105
5
114
498
4
14
36
317
5
1
18
7
5
7
1
17
6
6
7
1
3
81
8
19
5
6
114
62
o
25
5
3
5
4
1
12
5
4
4
1
1
18
16
204
49
35
51
20
3
1
5
3
99
90
12
135
1,391
317
13
37
133
414
416
78
188
1,500
3,128
718
3
62
f--O
1
13
35
322
66
14
196
5,360
801
26
8)
1
5
1
22
29
1
65
1
60
18
160
159
28
7
41
3,575
152
54
148
26
6
67
8
136
7
4
3
15
18
3
1
23
12
23
214
4,023
7J3
13
533
1,631
769
101
744
976
3,277
135
2
80
615
5
3
28
15
3
38
143
3,051
512
8
57
309
1, 109
662
96
510
1, 312
3, 403
201
12
85
569
4
1
23
15
4
7
1
16
12
1
4
7
3
1
6
563
15
1
16
O
313
17
5
17
o
5
1
16
627
1, 639
803
92
890
1,117
2, 702
154
6
133
565
474
18
4
17
1
o
1
20
6
645
14
5
18
1
4
1
14
1
3
495
18
5
13
1
1
1
14
5
238
11
7
6
1
2
111
10
5
7
2
1
11
3
I
7
5
5
o
5
37
55
414
9
9
53
363
8
37
69
17
3)
5
8
1
1
52
424
10
1
1
344 1
14
337 1
6 1
1
14
87,792 2,877
86,534
2, 845 76, 112
2,617
88,387
3,330
90, 971
2,853
104, 114
2,208
81, 404
1, 729
, 188, 948
35, 394
608
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XCV.— UNITED STATES ARMY— Concluded.
y EAR
1864.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
567, 846.
556, 006.
540, 578.
560, 661.
556, 536.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases, i
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Brou ht forward
135, 527
48
667
171
99
11
216
149
1,554
1,675
272
88
23
49
4
55
231
56
3,918
18
2
12
33
20
4
3
16
1
4
34, 491
68
553
135
145
19
282
143
2,364
1,542
198
103
20
64
2
3,915
10
1
12
40
11
10
8
16
113, 758
46
597
137
108
14
216
125
2,013
1,367
111
04
20
38
o
3,339
6
1
16
29
11
7
8
18
103, 286
31
819
107
74
13
188
109
1,784
1,286
100
72
3,383
9
1
12
28
12
5
o
6
1
86, 572
27
841
97
64
7
160
125
1,870
1,141
90
70
25
34
2,380
3
o
10
18
10
1
3
1
4
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
10,. I aeniorr age
103. Inflamnc
10 . n amir
6
8
OBDEK VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
2
3
1
4
24
39
5
28
2
5
3
7
48
251
38
114
29
9
18
1°
31
219
49
109
23
20
14
34
152
35
75
4
4
1
3
108
52
90
5
1
2
109
32
13
19
18
55
14
O1?
1
o
19
16
18
5
62
12
25
19
21
3
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
123 Caries
10
54
3
35
15
6
712
1,999
150
352
839
258
1, 091
11
61
10
31
19
6
1,227
3 462
54
6
35
1
17
3
789
2,083
8
7
1,301
3,186
2°0
26
1
128. Other Diseases of this Order
1
6
1
ORDEU IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
129. Abscess
9
5
971
2,707
207
425
7
131. Boils
131. Carbuncle
233
573
1,201
201
1,028
28
1
160
326
899
180
1,049
132. Whitlow
589
1,101
221
1,077
*,<J
133. Skin Diseases
o
5
13
5
41
2
1
7
7
18
889
179
955
14
1
2
1
4
7
19
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
1
5
4
19
135. Contusions
4
3
11
136. Concussion of Brain
137. Drowning
138. Sprains
879
40
92
43
10, 421
357
157
140
100
193
854
75°
936
1,003
47
101
26
2, 474
501
130
79
70
104
139. Dislocation
31
96
43
8,034
358
223
107
96
119
43
CO
98
84
7, 450
319
158
57
35
109
1
1
140. Simple Fractures
3
8
2,5G4
3
4
5
141. Compound Fractures
9
1,810
7
10
1
1
35
1
7
9
34
8,552
293
17!)
75
84
64
2
1,104
3
4
1
1
19
4
5
973
4
667
4
2
1
1
23
2
4
6
142. Gunshot Wounds
143. Incised Wounds
144. Lacerated Wounds
4
6
19
6
5
o
] 45. Punctured Wounds
14G. Poisoning1
147. Other Accidents and Injuries
29
9
19
148. ORDER II. — Homicide.
149. ORDER III.— Suicide
150. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence -\
4
Total
161, 337 6, 752
158, 689
5, 970
135, 730
4,638
123, 249 4, 523
101,560 3,202
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
609
TABLE XCV.— UNITED STATES ARMY— Concluded.
1864.
1865.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
569, 591.
593, 475.
568, 451.
602, 837.
632, 002.
642, 008.
478, 268.
574, 022.
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
14G
147
148
149
150
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases,
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
87, 792
1,211
113
65
17
140
146
1,543
1,139
137
94
26
39
3
173
56
130
26
32
19
9
47
13
32
16
10
788
2,032
166
385
906
324
1, 156
9
2,877
3
86, 534
61
1,549
84
74
15
133
111
1, 297
1,139
90
60
22
56
4
2,845
2
1
11
17
12
6
5
6
76, 112
35
1,643
102
71
15
121
86
1,043
892
77
36
15
38
4
°7
2,617
88, 387
22
1,761
107
72
15
198
108
993
995
69
44
16
2
27
200
37
81
24
3,330
1
90, 971
23
1,178
91
94
9
192
81
818
1 056
2,853
104, 114
41
909
149
91
14
224
147
835
1,318
115
79
24
49
1
27
2,208
2
1
15
13
8
5
81, 404
501
95
78
7
192
141
893
903
77
57
13
27
1
28
161
37
45
°3
1,729
2
1, 188, 948
446
12, 229
1,388
1, 035
156
2,262
1,471
17, 007
14, 453
1,500
842
251
479
30
401
2, 295
547
1,064
35,394
56
14
126
288
151
64
40
94
5
53
2
10
40
3
4
26
11
4
2
4
1
2
8
18
9
3
3
5
9
14
23 j
4
3
9
7
27
16
11
3
o
10
25
8
3
2
6
3
1
5
1
2
1
1
6
5
5
164
75
5
5
1
1
1
1
23
25
2
34
201
36
53
18
14
11
5
53
4
32
1
4
1
2
3
1
1
5
1
37
7
1
2
171
G6
97
21
3
177
35
92
3
1
2
1
191
50
69
26
24
43
24
2
1
3
28
26
12
16
59
4
18
18
8
769
1,615
113
451
294
233
238
177
660
84
315
204
99
10, 397
27, 461
3
9
1
11
12
1
2
2
27
23
20
52
28
23
58
3
24
28
7
785
2,074
1GO
444
909
309
1, 162
11
1
1°
1
1
40
o
85
5
O1?
14
26
823
2 372
8
16
23
8
637
1,850
98
247
702
133
904
14
1
21
15
6
774
1,961
109
386
891
264
1,118
20
1
2
2
61
1
10
7
821
2,120
111
367
863
227
1,029
12
1
2
1
7
3
4
3
7
1
1
159
1,886
4, 890
11, 049
2,890
12, 972
193
2
345
1
2
6
6
15
844
27.3
986
24
2
3
6
3
5
945
1
1
3
10
46
11
42
67
60
260
2
6
3
o
7
16
16
6
8
26
321
1,417
15
7
5
11
33
1, 039
56
102
50
3,742
732
186
73
48
811
1,090
46
95
29
1,047
775
118
78
31
563
1,074
53
97
20
1, 954
674
166
52
43
306
1 327
1,195
1,644
74
908
55
90
9
273
375
115
12, 701
1
1
285
5
2
1
1
21
o
59
111
G7
6,001
602
162
75
75
198
63
o
9
103
1
633
1,181
454
57, 122
5,887
1,941
1, 031
1, 034
3,151
5
12
69
10, 201
45
41
19
45
7'i
44
2
5
622
10
1
5
288
1
3
1
5
494
4
4
o
2
50
3
3
4
104
32
6,719
470
162
102
119
188
1
8
1,005
3
8
6
1
17
3
5
112
17
455
431
179
113
158
360
1
7
286
4
o
1
19
4
4
9
1
4
6
1
80
175
136
I
15
4
14
1
17
3
6
3
5
105, 742
3, 656
101,538
3,278
90, 324
3,040 107,498
4,016
109, 984
4,032
118, 661
2, 654 91, 689
2,011 1,406,001 j 47,772
77
SICKNESS, ETC., DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, I860. 611
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS DURING THE FISCAL
YEAR FOLLOWING THE WAR,
(FROM JULY 1, 1865, TO JUNE 30, 1866.)
The surrender of the Confederate armies in April, 1865, was followed by the rapid
disbanding of our volunteer forces; but as many regiments were not mustered out until
after June, 1865, it has been thought advisable to present a brief synopsis of the sickness
and mortality during the year succeeding the war.
This is here done in the following tables :
1. The Atlantic Region Table XCVI.
2. The Central Region Table XCVII.
3. The Pacific Region Table XCVIII.
4. Consolidated table for the United States Table XCIX.
The boundaries observed in the construction of these tables are the same as those
employed for the previous fiscal year.
To these tables has been added—
A General Summary - Table C,
which completes the tables on the sickness and mortality of white troops.
612
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XCVI.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1805.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
118, 546.
7, 340.
73, 293.
3, 272.
50, 386.
1, 750.
42, 786.
916.
33, 310.
486.
IN GENERAL HOSPITALS
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
203
2
171
140
0
32
136
4
123
16
1,223
2, 731
1, 970
125
48
2
18
84
27
Ill
30
1
18
48
1
17
11
1
5
79
17
72
1,587
2. 096
2,439
237
41
1
4
11
3
1
1,101
2,316
1,906
99
52
1, 429
109
230
27
23
5
1
0
22
2
6
684
2,090
1,676
158
42
976
204
196
20
18
6
14
7
1
218
1,041
9(;7
93
8
699
71
133
10
9
5
5
1
o
o. emi en •
. Quotii lan i e
72
4, 723
620
961
49
98
4
8
1
14
30
152
682
500
C33
57
7
10
24
109
28
8
48
2,438
315
418
40
38
4
3
11
12
75
18
7
21
14
34
13
3
20
5
38
9
3
1
1
4
33
0
4
lr' S ' 11 i ndV rioloid
2
I
1
2
2
^
1
5
16
70
382
408
600
65
7
16
4
7
72
4
8
92
4
8
19
128
334
1
1
17
0
5
1
256
403
450
03
6
21
5
144
413
5
2
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
O-) Syphilis
417
53
352
37
24 Orchitis
6
11
1
4
28 Other Diseases of this Order
3
108
1
44
83
15
1
1
o
4
11
1
3
OllDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
52
1
37
64
19
9
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens
5
4
1
1
35
31
3
6
27
2
29
21
1
33. Chronic Alcoholism
1
3
1
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
2
1
248
151
30. Acute Rheumatism
4GG
254
1
1
134
98
24
142
103
115
97
6
37. Chronic Rheumatism
38. Anaamia
48
2
2
2
41
1
9
39. Cancer
40. Tumors
1
0
3
11
11
o
4
41. Other Diseases of this Order
0
ORDER II.— Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
31
23
31
20
14
1
76
12
12
12
15
8
6
6
43. Scrofula
41. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch
187
5
9
2
41
1
2
69
65
40. Tape-worm
1
47. Othf-r Intestinal Worms
1
1
3
4ri. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
17, 247
546
11, 928
227
9,276
186 7, 820
171
4,502
60
DUKING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1866.
613
TABLE XCVI.
of the Atlantic Region.
1865.
I860.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
28, 504.
315.
22, 352.
219.
17, 784.
147.
17, 267.
87.
13, 048.
79.
10, 404.
61.
12, 187.
52.
36, G56.
1, 227.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
2
3
4
5
G
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
2J
22
23
24
25
26
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
3C
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
4G
47
48
22
5
:
11
2
9
1
5
12
4
1
5
2
4
1
5
2
650
8
478
16
5,307
12, 481
10, 590
831
242
12, 315
1,603
2,274
166
275
121
25
G
47
110
675
2,313
3,363
3, G16
423
272
94
1
0
7
1
i
1
2
1
132
600
467
3!)
6
471
56
G8
4
31
1
0
1
54
195
198
21
37
122
1
53
163
184
4
2
218
40
31
0
59
180
174
16
1
186
12
54
53
106
163
237
20
96
15
14
184
144
10
8
220
25
1G8
9
0
1
1G
1
1
1
3
75
60
381
70
26
5
22
1
252
4<i
Gl
5
14
17
3
1
8
194
18
30
509
21
46
3
6
3
8
4
3
1
46
4
11
3
1
7
1G
1
2
1
1
9
9
1
3
11
22
1
6
1
1
3
3
1G
30
102
302
26G
31
6
7
3
1
7
33
2
1
G
39
56
170
168
25
1
1
5
42
148
140
142
2
25
199
161
128
30
118
214
l'»0
71
43
ICO
134
1
1
55
158
136
1
37
4
1
24
17
20
1
0
~
16
o
40
77
1
3
3
!
4
1
15
3
1
3
13
11
4
o
11
3
4
1
3
4
1
8
8
1
27
219
9
263
346
55
1
3
1, 567
949
142
3
31
13
114
81
4
812
13
15
30
1
1
1
14
17
3
1
1
12
1
1
20
24
2
9
24
1
1
17
6
6
1
1
"
1
3
2
104
57
8
1
1
82
Gl
31
5
71
GO
54
46
20
44
15
2
1
3
4°
1
1
1
„
3
4
4
6
4
4
4
1
2
!!8
1
5
0
1
5
2
G
4
G
2
4
5
1
4
4
3
2
0
1
37
71
1
43
1
4°
G9
49
1
1
4
G3
1
5
6
5
5
1,327
2, '.183
40
1,690
18
1,230
ie
1,490
22
1,311
7
1,405
5
1,801
9 G2, 7 ij
614
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE XCVL— ATLANTIC REGION— Continued.
VKAU
1865.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTODEU.
NOVEMBEK.
118, 546.
7, 340.
73, 293.
3, 272.
50, 386.
1, 750.
42, 786.
916.
33, 310.
486.
Ix GENERAL HOSPITALS
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases, j Deaths.
f rd
17, 247
4
49
513
4
3
546
3
11, 928
3
31
274
227
o
9,276
o
186
2
7,820
1
14
103
4
5
171
1
1
4,562
80
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
OKUEII I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
9
51
137
5
1
1
9
2
3
4
1
4
2
o
2
3
1
1
1
1
°J" lnflamma .
4
16
221
13
107
C
14
0
o
1
1
1
11
129
5
29
7
4
15
4
40
1
69
3
4
3
4
1
84
7
8
1
9
4
20
2
75
1
9
o
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
4
3
1
52
3
OBDEK 11. — Diseases of Eye.
o
203
145
8
°4
77
11
8
4
' ° . J
2
64
G
20
1
4
1
4
o
'
rr n f iv •- o
1
13
6
18
7
OitDElt III. — Diseases of Ear.
5
3
11
68 Deafness
13
56
69 Otorrhcea
13
OltDEU IV.— Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
4
1
34
8
3
1
12
. 3
10
1
1
2
7
1
o
o
3
1
1
1
1
o
3
3
1
1
45
05
15
(i
4
o
19
5
o
24
2
46
360
96
9
2
32
149
55
7
5
17
118
34
80. Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
9
256
Oui>EU V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. Asthma
o
1
2
82. Acute lirunchitis
1
147
50
83. Chronic Bronchitis
35
84. Dropsy of Chest
o
12
48
77
84
20
90
394
723
1
1
1
8
9
26
18
5
8
132
1"8
1
7
85. Haemorrhage from Nose
5
18
39
37
9
1
1
14
24
21
86. Inflammation of Larynx
87. Inflammation of Limps
14
1
3
11
7
33
33
3
14
99
151
21
8
1
1
6
88. Inflammation of Pleura
89. Hscrnorrhagfe from Lungs
1
90. Other Diseases of this Order
34
OKDEK VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
91. Colic
o
204
403
194
1
5
115
2
40
115
92. Constipation
93. Cholera Morbus
220
3
3
100
1
8
56
2
94. Cirrhosis of Liver
1
6
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
6
O]O
3
0
2
9
48
3
9G. Dvspcpsia
97. Diseases of Pancreas
98. Diseases of Spleen
1
12
85
09. Fistula in Ani>
q
3
33
3
15
3
14
100. Hernia
36
101. Ha-morrliage from Stomach
4
3
Carried forward
21, 197
610
14, 037
264
10, 502
212
8,850
187
5,378
97
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1866.
615
TABLE XCVL— ATLANTIC REGION— Continued.
1865.
18(>6.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
26, 504.
315.
22, 352.
219.
17, 784.
147.
17,267.
8V.
13, 048.
79.
10, 404.
61.
12, 187.
52.
36, 656.
1,227.
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
50
57
58
59
CO
61
62
63
64
65
60
67
€8
6'j
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
80
90
91
92
93
04
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases
Death
Cases.
Death
Cases
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths.
2,983
2
6
45
2
1
1
40
2
1,690
18
1
1,236
16
1,490
.
1,311
7
1,405
1
10
25
5
1
1,801
2
8
27
2
1
9
62, 749
15
178
1,289
31
22
4
9
69
701
31
150
58
33
7
794
46
120
So
70
43
170
12
1
65
11
6
17
3
o
100
53
1,327
12
3
r
2
33
3
1
9
37
1
1
1
7
°1
1
23
2
1
1
2
2
3
19
9
1
1
1
3
10
9
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
15
1
1
1
14
1
2
10
3
51
3
3
23
o
1
25
21
1
18
1
1
7
9
1
3
4
9
1
1
3
2
2
1
28
47
3
26
1
42
24
29
37
o
3
1
1
1
2
1
2
3
2
4
2
5
5
I
11
8
1
2
1
2
4
1
3
9
3
3
8
3
4
2
6
1
10
1
1
1
1
4
2
4
5
3
1
1
32
4
1
o
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
3
138
20
1
2
1
4
1
1
204
23
1
1
o
1
4
1
61
12
1
2
23
140
1,992
374
4
39
o
2
o
4
1
4
165
16
o
4
83
7
245
46
10
o
10
t
o
3
4
14
1
1
6
7
4
19
30
45
14
23
14
3
oy
35
113
5
4
31
12
3
29
19
8
49
37
117
3
3
15
11
3
14
50
77
3
32
16
3
22
4
1
4
0
3
349
295
62
361
1,080
2,160
67
2
6
1
4 •
o
1
*»4
19
64
9
39
16
83
1
1
°4
71
a
1
63
625
3
40
557
8
1
11
1
1
20
i
12
3
15
2
1
1
15
12
14
10
5
38
215
1
1
0
1
1
4
2
12
3
o
3
4
3
2
r
0
1
12
1
3,075
51 •
2, 167
26
1,821
18
2,105
32
1,695
15
,726
10
,266
11 i 75, -119
533
616
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XCVL— ATLANTIC REGION— Concluded.
YEAR
1865.
MONTU
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH IN FIELD AND GARRISON
118, 540.
7,340.
73, 293.
3, 272.
50, 386.
1,750.
42, 786.
916.
33, 310.
486.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
21, 197
4
154
18
2
30
19
338
290
48
22
610
3
3
2
6
4
14, 037
3
80
15
17
4
24
11
307
103
13
13
1
1
264
10, 502
1
53
212
8,850
2
65
18
6
4
5
7
145
77
4
4
1
187
5,378
97
ORDER VI. — Distant of Digestive Organs — Continued.
g f T •'!
114
9
1
2
11
8
50
40
1
o
1
2
1
2
1
1
10
13
3
11
11
196
67
6
6
2
3
2
2
1
2
2
-' A" V- f T •
IDs' Chro*1 °I flammation of Liver
1
1
3
1
110 Piles
1
2
ORDER VH. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
113 Diabetes
4
5
1
2
1
1
1
110. Diseases of Testis
3
32
1
5
3
9
24
15
4
4
5
o
5
1
7
118. Inflammation of Bladder
10
21
8
5
5
2
0
1
1
14
1
2
1
1
2
120. Hydrooele
1
1
121. Other Diseases of this Order
2
2
7
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
122. Anchylosis
1
1
1
4
124. Inflammation of Joints
3
125. Inflammation of Bones
120. Inflammation of Periosteum
3
5
1
2
1
3
3
3
o
Ia7. N ecrosis
4
128. Other Diseases of this Order
2
1
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System
129. Abscess
221
703
48
147
241
39
378
0
147
488
°4
1
95
274
19
51
74
135
51
130. Boils
123
131. Carbuncle
12
4
28
54
9
107
132. Whitlow
102
158
17
248
2
31
63
15
133. Skin Diseases
1
1
1
1
7
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER 1. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. linras
135. Contusions
1
2
1
115
109
1
1
130. Concussion of Brain ....
137. Drowning
2
0
138. Sprains
220
19
44
00
110
41
25
48
8
130
7
20
1
50
72
109
6
14
39
25
27
5
4
6
ff>
60
4
11
2
13
A.O
20
3
13'J. Dislocation
1
10
6
3
31
34
15
5
1
7
140. Simple Fractures
1
24
1
141. Compound Fractures
2
28
3
7
3
1
14
142. Gunshot Wounds
143. Incised Wounds
144. Lacerated Wounds
1
45
18
11
9
145. Punctured Wounds
1
140. Poisoning
1
3
1
2
147. Other Accidents and Injuries
9
o
1
1
1
o
148. ORDISU 11.— Homicide
149. ORDER III.— Suicide
3
150. ORDER IV.— Execution of Sentence
Total
!
24,028
C91
10, 301
315
11, 805
240
9, 835
214
6, 160
107
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1866.
617
TABLE XCVL— ATLANTIC REGION— Concluded.
1865.
1866.
DECEMBER. JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH. AI>UIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
28, 504.
315.
22, 352.
219.
17,784.
147.
17, 207.
87.
13, 048.
79.
10, 404.
61.
12, 387.
52.
36, 056.
1,227.
Cases. Deaths. Cases.
Deaths, j Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
110
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
12(i
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
J50
3,075
51
2,107
1
83
26
1,821
18
2, 105
32
1, 095
15
1, 726
10
2,266
11
75, 419
11
992
100
01
16
114
09
1,145
786
1,533
3
3
11
10
3
o
5
126
5
1
•
133
5
1
.
80
5
49
4
1
1
4
0
35 i
20
4
1 4
': 3
1
0
1
8
7
05
33
1
1
7
4
4
22
3
8
11
20
11
29
5
4
10
2
3
9
12
17
13
1
» 1
3
6
5
4
101
04
11
11
1
11
92
42
80
14
34
8
10
41
5
10
19
5
830
2, 242
3
1
5
1
1
1
1
2
1
5
10
5
10
1
3
o
1 4
1
3
•2
4
1
2
5
1
0
I
1
1
3
3
4
3
3
1
3
o
o
3
1
4
1
4
0
6
4
3
3
1
o
6
1
3
1
1
04
114
20
96
17
141
3
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
23
o
3
34
R2
30
59
6
14
63
4
94
1
39
49
63
3
15
56
80
4
9
0
19
4
13
35
10
137
408
1, 012
170
1,049
16
19
61
20
66
57
1
1
3
7
23
4
89
1
118
!
95
70
1
84
1
1
1
1
1
o
3
1
4
48
4
10
1
20
38
18
10
1
10
48
1
10
1
14
20
34
9
60
3
0
57
49
1
7
53
')
63
908
1
9
58
149
13
303
474
293
121
70
118
1
3
9
80
5
1
1
20
6
9
8
4
]
18
36
26
1
o
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
16
29
18
7
3
15
20
8 2
07 !
13
1
20
13
6
16
11
4
5
14
1
8
3
1
34
11
5
9
1
0
1
4, 590
59
2,825
36
2,446
26
2,737
38 2, 156
18
2,170
17
2, 704
17
88, 417
1,778
78
618
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XCVII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
1865.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER. NOVEMBER.
165, 740.
7, 661.
116, 069.
4, 891.
74, 197. 56, 735. 37, 073.
2, 588. 1, 544. 745.
IN GENERAL HOSPITALS
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
ieaths. Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OUUER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
1. T vphoid Fever
188
7
746
145
4
77
127
J
91
2
41
86
1
51
69
30
22
2
33
13
2. Typhus Fever
24 62
12
5
3,202
5, 3:28
4,631
370
177
7,341
1, 101
2,002
196
173
15
64
65
5
6
3,030
5,625
4,490
341
140
4,352
590
1,286
105
100
7
10
47
3
1
1
50
27
129
54
19
2
1
1
1,612
4,090
2,690
278
75
2, 633
452
915
86
40
4
3
30
6
2
1,098
2,484
2, 354
004
17
305
1, 357
1, 179
142
L
1
3
fa. Quotidian n er
8. Quartan Intermittent Fever
33
44
214
66
33
4
10
9
34
12
108
43
22
4
3
61
1, 623
291
624
53
30
8
5
21
9
72
31
17
1
5
30
780
153
239
17
17
28
16
6
4
37
11
12
' °U G. *
' .
6
. m l
20
68
257
791
578
775
57
5
93
3
11
334
21
1
5
15
155
659
361
508
8
10
89
3
4
2
8
71
200
178
202
8
4
1
431
204
2<)4
2
1
276
175
199
4
1
ORDEU II. — Enthetic Diseases.
2° Syphilis
49
16
37
9
5
343
6
23
49
10
24
5
20
21
9
13
1
18
14
4
371
3
12
31
2
1
2
13
213
3
12
13
o
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
4
7
1
113
1
27
69
12
1
3
1
1
2
16
20
1
2
5
34 Other Diseases of thi« Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
11
380
145
47
1
17
2
33
21
1
209
136
28
]
36. Acute Rheumatism
544
392
107
4
1
1
0
2
1
2
199
148
67
H
37. Chronic Rheumatism
111
54
38. Anaemia
1
39. Cancer
40. Tumors
19
3
i
4
1
11
7
4
1
.,
41. Other Diseases of this Order
OKDKII 11.— Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
54
24
1
10
10
13
4
6
4
3
43. Scrofula
37
44. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS 111. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
4.">. Itch
283
13°
09
en
54
46. Tape-worm
4
3
47. Other Intestinal Worms
11
1 1 9
1
48. Other Diseases of this Order
4 3 i
Curried forward
. 30 125
764 23, 460
498
15, 021
358
10, 462 234 5, 474
100
DURING THE YEAK ENDlJNG JUNE 30, 18G5.
619
TABLE XCYII.
of the Central Region.
18(35.
1866.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNK.
TOTAL.
34, 126.
470.
31, 045.
317.
26, 433.
294.
21, 444.
209.
20, 518.
93.
15, 078.
47.
14, 650.
20.
51, 092.
1, 590.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases. Deaths. Cases, i Deaths. Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
o
3
4
5
G
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
25
26
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
:;-
39
40
41
IJ
43
44
45
46
47
48
12
7
10
1
4
6
11
2
8
1
7
4
8
o
5
553
20
1,152
352
6
165
10
o
1
1
1
1
2
18
2
174
719
025
45
6
584
89
170
12
23
24
9
109
444
506
108
413
237
18
4
506
43
83
o
17
30
4
84
380
231
18
3
382
90
275
229
1 O
94
190
233
1
168
243
1
10, 074
21, 548
17, 728
1,536
516
20,620
2,935
5,779
503
482
213
131
2
76
144
1 061
162
16
12
1
151
99
637
212
119
12
49
10
I
1
1
j
3°3 •
16
2
539
34
97
5
14
2
n
4'i
3
1
30
4
7
1
8
6
6(i2
71
no
4
14
29
5
2
1
441
30
80
9
12
1
10
777
50
91
9
19
3
1
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
22
8
1
31
82
5
23
38
• 11
6
6
2
1
2
1
5
5
25
2
1
5
1
1
3
3
17
31
142
110
14
3
12
6
92
70
192
249
21
5
14
10
66
37
154
144
22
4
6
33
67
148
106
17
2
5
3
129
7
57
30
142
4
23
99
2,713
2,591
3,057
312
53
220
17
54
2,088
40
153
358
51
1
21
2,203
1,196
267
8
58
16
178
125
18
5
162
158
26
155
127
2
185
16
2
4
3
11
4
3
4
14
1
89
2
1
156
2
183
1
5
23
3
67
7
29
1
25
1
102
o
2
88
4
9
27
3
1
5
1
5
2
5
16
1
19
77
C
2
8
14
7
1
1
65
36
1
1
12
6
4
4
1
7
1
1
110
4')
5
1
94
51
3
152
60
8
137
51
1
1
98
59
2
1
o
67
39
4
9
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
5
o
14
3
3
2
5
4
1
2
1
1
5
0
3
6
4
4
2
5
13
1
1
10
5
1
11
67
1
81
90
81
77
50
1
34
50
1,061
2
O
14
1
1
i
1
9
!
2,004
20
3,593
69 3, 021
44
2,317
28
2,276
23
1,823
13
2,386 8 101,962 2,153
620
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XC VII.— CENTRAL REGION— Continued.
y F V i;
1865.
M o x r 1 1 JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
1G3, 740.
7, 861.
116, 069.
4,891.
74, 197.
2, 588.
56, 735.
1,544.
37, 073.
745.
Is GE.NEKAL HOSPITALS
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. ; Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. ! Deaths.
.
30,125
33
571
764
5
1
23, 4GO
7
314
11
4
254
8
65
3
7
1
5GO
15
45
498
6
o
15, 021
1
23
196
358
1
1
10, 462
1
36
9G
4
234
1
1
5,474
1
4
78
4
1
2
1
100
1
CLASS IV. -LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
'
J ' C1 bj
14
3
G
48
391
8
109
7
8
1
738
1
8
3
1
o
8
4
1
2
8
138
7
9
1
o
o
3
6
2
3
1
1
54. Inflammation of Membranes of Brain
1
1
5
5
114
3
I
1
85
13
1
1
o
1
1
G
2
1
ORDER II.— Diseases of Eye.
4
1
1
139
4
7
o
232
177
4
16
1
16
2
17
1
J
15
92
5
41
2
20
'
•• < \ •
4
57
ORDER 111. — Diseases of Ear.
•
54
8
1
11
68 Deafness
11
80
9
4
25
4
0
9
59
3
30
6
1
15
1
3
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
3
]
6
1
8
o
0
1
4
1
1
1
7
2
1
1
3
1
4
3
1
3
24
14
2
31
260
33
1
11
4
34
22
3
30
478
71
6
14
19
116
151
7
4
o
80. Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
7
178
24
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. Asthma
9
139
17
1
6
15
23
41
7
4
215
14
196
43
1
4
82. Acute Bronchitis
1
83. Chronic Bronchitis
1
2
0
84. Dropsy of Chest
85. Hemorrhage from Nose
]2
2
18
18
28
5
24
70
114
18
o
1
35
86. Inflammation of Larynx
1
28
14
51
68
21
18
3GO
748
1
10
o
1G
47
35
8
11
171
219
87. Inflammation of Lungs
10
5
1
13
1
88. Inflammation of Pleura
89. Haemorrhage from Lungs
26
26
466
1,067
248
3
1
1
3
JO. Other Diseases of this Order
1
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs.
91. ('olic
92. Constipation
406
133
93. Cholera Morbus
3
173
G
16
102
G
o
59
1
1
94. Cirrhosis of Liver
95. Drops v from Hepatic Disease 24
3
10 5
82 i 1
14
44
4
4
2
14
1
1
90. Dvspcpsia 142
97. Diseases of Pancreas ' 3
98. Diseases of Spleen 4
"
1
7
21
&9. Fistula in Ano
14
Q
7 1
100. Heruia 110
57
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach 2
o
o
Carried forward
.i.-> 4. -.7
846
'27, 003
549
16, 931 396
11, 889
2o2
6,411
125
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, I860.
621
TABLE XCVII.— CENTEAL REGION— Continued.
1805.
18(56.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
34, 126.
470.
31, 045.
317.
26, 433.
294.
21, 444.
209.
20, 518.
93.
15, 078.
47.
14, 650.
20.
51, 092.
1,590.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
3, 593
o
6
44
2
69
1
3,021
44
1
2,317
1
7
61
6
1
22
1
2,276
23
2,004
1
5
28
5
20
1,823
13
2,386
8
101, 962
16
167
2,153
17
6
9
38
1
1
7
29
3
1
8
19
1
2
6
51
3
62
14
10
19
113
1,278
33
191
23
32
7
2, 453
1
8
3
4
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
18
42
1
3
57
3
1
2
62
1
45
1
29
4
24
2
37
1
3
22
8
1
1
7
2
1
3
4
1
119
0
2
10
3
1
5
1
5
1
1
1
3
3
1
70
145
4
5
1
4
1
11
1
85
7
7
69
3
68
3
3
2
51
64
230
6
3
3
1
5
2
1
1
3
2
7
1
4
3
35
183
36
5
2
11
3
1
5
3
4
4
1
4
242
26
4
3
10
66
11
8
11
4
7
112
50
15
121
3
g
5
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
6
16
6
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
4
1
4
2
6
210
35
6
1
7
1
1
8
159
3
5
1
1
3
1
134
8
2
6
1
4
264
240
57
4
2, 393
1
6
1
i
22
15
10
16
298
9
55
1
4
17
*.3
11
i
4°
1
o
14
42
14
3
38
43
157
3
3
24
*-o
15
o
5
8
4
1
9
8
9
i
6
25
33
15
1
4
1
8
10
18
18
1
32
18!)
417
417
85
335
1, 577
5
96
4
o
3
6
4
o
1
1
32
4
26
3
80
36
109
6
37
54
20
33
72
116
6
8')
96
15
142
3,385
692
11
77
530
7
17
56
285
]
5
7
19
14
1
1
!
6
17
2
2
19
1
2
15
o
16
8
9
21
o
3
10
1
2
9
1
1
4
3
3
o
3
1
7
8
7
1
12
4,456
86
3,895
54
3,182
36
2,975
33
2,551
25
2,299
15
2, 954
11 120,003 2,428
622
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XCVIL— CENTRAL REGION— Concluded.
1865.
MONTH JULY-
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
1G5, 740.
7, 861.
116, 069.
4, 891.
74, 197.
2, 588.
56, 735.
1, 544.
37, 073.
745.
ix GENERAL HOSPITALS
LIST OF DISEASES. Cases. Deaths.
Cases. J
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. ]
Deaths.
3ases. 1 Deaths.
35, 457 846
21 j 4
11°
27, 003
3 .
549
16, 931
46
9
15
15
17
202
131
7
8
1
3
396
1
1,889
4
62
252
1
6,411
3
38
4
2
3
4
125
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
1C2. Haemorrhage from Bowels
73
24
33
40
22
390
217
15
11
o
103. Inflammation of Tonsils
22
23
6
68
88
437
377
74
20
5
8
6
3
o
4
3
6
4
1
1
8
g
1
1
3
12J
9 :
1
11
29
130
78
o
o
1
5
78
60
3
o
1
109. Jaundice
4
1
110. Piles
111. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDEK VII.— Disease sof Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
2
3
5
1
1
3
6
1
o
1
11
57
12
11
3
10
5
24
1
11
1
049
1
0
13
5
6
22
21
10
9
13
1
1
8
2
3
o
26
1
7
1
1
2
1
1
30
8
7
1
1
1
1
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
1
8
o
5
3
2
o
!
1
3
1
69
209
10
39
2
. .
1
228
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
109
3
32
94
4
32
53
13
106
1
787
63
165
699
51
195
1
419
18
1
13° Whitlow
!
177
112
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
42
239
3
17
192
1
3
If
86
10
66
o
3
1
10
1
136. Concussion of Brain
1
137. Drowning
6
3
1
89
79
75
4
7
139. Dislocation
25
34
1 8
103
n»
10
30
4
65
78
36
32
3
1G
1
33
38
14
6
5
140. Simple Fractures
15
141. Compound Fractures
3
18
1
1
7
1
142. Gunshot Wounds
14
3
67
56
20
11
4
10
1
5
0
1
1
(i
1
1
3
1
30
40
14
7
6
6
143. Incised Wounds
144. Lacerated Wounds OQ
145. Punctured Wounds
47
9T
2
3
146. Poisoning
147. Other Accidents and Injuries [ 55
9
3
34
3
4
9
1
US. OBDBR ll.—IInmicide
1
149. ORDER III.— Suicide
7
1
.,
130. ORDER IV.— Execution of Sentence .
I
Total . 39354
938
29, 999
609
18, 657
440
12, 998
275
7,172
143
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1866.
TABLE XCVIL— CENTRAL REGION— Concluded.
1805.
1866.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APUIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
34, 120.
470.
31, 045.
317.
26, 433.
294.
21, 444.
209.
20, 518.
93.
15, 078.
47.
14, 650.
20.
51, 092.
1,590.
!
Cases. Deaths, j Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. ! Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
102
103
104
105
LOO
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
120
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
13-1
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
14(i
147
148
149
150
4,450
1
08
3
1
2
7
4
37
52
4
5
0
1
86
3,895
2
58
o
54
3,182
9
64
1
1
36
2,975
1
60
5
1
33
2,551
3
24
1
1
1
4
3
8
17
3
3
2
25
2,299
1
30
3
3
15
2, 954
1
31
4
11
120, 003
61
066
90
90
23
169
175
1,345
1 119
2, 428
6
1
11
20
16
8
6
14
1
1
1
1
4
4
19
40
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
5
4
1
14
37
01
4
1
3
2
16
37
9
28
5
o<)
1
1
3
9
3
2
27
1
149
62
18
16
42
176
60
58
5
2
1
3
1
i
3
8
7
3
3
3
C
3
7
2
5
5
3
1
4
I
3
1
1
1
2
4
1
5
1
3
2
1
2
1
1
3
17
41
13
8
82
9
22
1
2
j
5
1
2
2
1
. 0
4
4
7
1
2
14
i
1
o
„
1
3
1
37
11G
9
20
49
15
]35
3
1
1
42
1
1
2
1
18
97
23
7
894
2,681
1
1
41
94
10
13
31
20
20
19
80
30
3
118
12
93
o
16
44
9
110
1
187
648
1,066
2
10
35
13
161
2
28
28
°7
16
42
51
8
119
1
6
92
7
103
1
176
1, 510
20
3
7
4
37
101
1
o
1
0
1
1
2
0
1
2
1
9
82
3
15
2
15
38
8
15
4
140
83
4
13
81
10
9
3
13
101
5
14
]
12
43
02
03
51
1
5
1
9
38
8
8
1, 153
79
175
20
3119
018
199
172
104
401
1
6
10
1
O
14
38
1
19
46
20
10
2
46
1
2
5
78
7
o
7
3
3
19
40
10
4
1
3
3
3
n
7
2
93
10
11
3
12
19
4
6
2
1
1
1
14
3
31
17
19
1
o
3
8
3
1
3
1
3
1
3
1
5, 381
98 4, 703
70
3,914
58
3,640
48
3,072
36
2,832
,-,
3,532 20 135,254 2,761
624
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XCVI1I.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1865.
MONTH -.
JULY.
AUCJCST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
11, 251.
12, 134.
12, 946.
12, 883.
12, 146.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
3
1
7
1
1
9
o
1
7
1
11
1
1
3
1
o
3
1
38
97
95
43
20G
65
477
72
o
60
373
39
347
98
11
1
1
1
52
145
11
9
233
1
31
241
48
38
4
3
1
3
258
11
5
283
1
2
1
160
oo
35
17
19
1
1
38
50
8
6
1
1
1
1
49
37
4
11
3
1
1
1
28
o
2
5
1
16. .Measles
10
20
7
18. Diphtheria
1
5
4
1
40
19. Mumps
o
20. Epidemic Catarrh
44
32
21
23
41
23
199
89
21. Other Diseases of this Order
36
175
89
13
1
22
1
17
14'3
2
OliDEK II.—Enthetic Diseases.
22. Syphilis
142
171
73
1
23. Gonorrhcea
78
24. Orchitis
10
15
2
1
14
1
4
14
3
25. Stricture of the Urethra
26. Purulent Ophthalmia
1
8
27. Serpent Bite
28. Other Diseases of this Order
5
1
10°
7
47
0
5
29
5
21
ORDER III.— Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
2
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens
4
47
1
4
21
2
4
20
1
5
1
5
15
32. Inebriation
1
1
1
33. Chronic Alcoholism
o
34. Other Diseases of this Order
1
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER 1. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
1
96
36. Acute Rheumatism
. ()[
85
108
91
107
37. Chronic Kheumatism
56
57
go
38. AnuMnia
4
4
1
3
o
39. Cancer
40. Tumors
41. Other Diseases of this Order
o
4
8
8
1
13
1
3
6
1
ORDER 11. — Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
6
2
6
3
1
5
43. Scrofula
41. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch
1
1
1
3
3
10
46. Tape-worm
47. Other Intestinal Worms
1
4s!. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
1,136
7
1,321
7
1,574
13
1,688
11
1,281
16
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1866.
625
TABLE XCVHI.
of the Pacific Region.
1865.
18GG.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY. FEBRUARY.
MAKCII.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
13, 390.
12 972.
11, 701.
11, 774.
8, 392.
7, 823.
8, 511.
11, 332.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. • Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
l
0
3
4
5
(i
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
23
24
26
27
28
39
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
: -18
2
1
1
0
4
1
12
8
11
8
4
3
17
11
3
1
1
4
41
200
100
4
0
217
30
35
3
13
1
28
116
39
12
2f)
38
59
72
21
20
58
84
20
442
2,127
908
80
55
2 100
4
1
1
43
43
04
88
4
1
118
9
8
1
11
87
80
10
9
1
105
18
11
1
13
1
88
6
8
4
145
21
11
1
14
154
13
31
3
11
158
10
17
o
2
0
1
2
1
1
1
289
309
31
111
15
4
7
2
2
1
3
4
3
40
5
15
1
20
1
30
19
92
9
133
8
126
14
465
242
1,557
675
128
59
23
100
04
9
3
17
17
88
15
10
79
30
11
o
10
15
84
42
2
20
92
45
1
6
o
1
59
11
4
6
10
1
7
9
4
3
3
25
35
1
28
516
14
44
258
10
1
4
1,051
0
1
1
1
48
1
3
13
3
1
20
1
40
.,
1
43
0
1
26
4
5
24
50
5
o
or)
...
4
1
4
1
1
7
14
1
3
11
1
1
o
7
23
38
1
1
130
90
2
1
87
70
a
1
GO
49
1
02
74
79
71
58
3
80
34
4
01
6
802
42
1
3
1
2
3
1
2
2
4
1
10
6
1
1
o
1
1
o
29
^
4
3
4
8
1
22
07
33
6
103
16
1
3 i
3
4
1
3
3
1
5
4
o
1
19
17
0
15
10
1
11
13
1
1
1
1
2
1
92
1, i!!-:.'
12
840
4
023
7
943
5
704
3
75<;
:t
773
4 i 12, 921
626
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XCVIIL— PACIFIC REGION— Continued.
YI:AR
1865.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
11, 251.
12, 134.
12, 946.
12, 883.
12, 146.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
rd
1,136
1
9
12
3
7
1,321
7
1,574
13
1,688
11
1,281
2
16
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
6
9
2
1
6
14
1
1
1
9
19
3
27
3
1
3
1
1
4
1
1
1
23
2
34
3
0
. ost gia ^
27
4
o
30
4
o
26
i Z-
1
1
o
1
14
17
o i
3
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
o
j
1
45
1
°9
38
9
3
2
32 \
13
1
5
o
2
1
4
4
3
0
I
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
1
o
6
0
68. Deafness
2
69. Otorrhosa
8
1
6
2
4
2
1
3
6 '
10
1
70. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
72. Valvular Disease of Heart
3
1
o
3
4
1
3
73. Dropsy from Heart Disease
74. Dropsy of Pericardium
75. Inflammation of Pericardium
o
3
1
1
1
1
76. Inflammation of Endocardium
1
77. Inflammation of Veins
78. Varicose Veins
2
1
1
1
1
I
79. Varicocele
80. Other Diseases of this Order
o
1
3
go
1
1
5
75
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. Asthma
3
50
7
2
1
38
82. Acute Bronchitis
38
5
83. Chronic Bronchitis
...
14
19
84. Dropsy of Chest
85. Haemorrhage from Xose
2
86. Inflammation of Larynx
1
1
16
4
1
12
9
7
14
20
9
15
87. Inflammation of Lungs .. ..
19
o
3
88. Inflammation of Pleuni
1
89. Haemorrhage from Lungs .
4
'20
°8
90. Other Diseases of this Order
6
8
115
4
3
3
24
30
15
11
74
1
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive, Organs.
91. Colic
24
92. Const ipation
128
118
107
o
93. Cholera Mortms
19
94. Cirrhosis of Liver
1
5
18
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
1
1
96. Dyspepsia
19
19
97. Diseases of Pancreas
98. Diseases of Spleen
1
1
1
99. Fistula in Ano
4
100. Hernia
3
4
5
7
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach
Carried forward
9
1 r>00
1, 719
10
1, 988
17
2, 140 13
1,C,M 22
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, I860.
627
TABLE XCVIIL— PACIFIC REGION— Continued.
1805.
18GG.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
13, 396.
12, 972.
11, 761.
11, 774.
8, 392.
7, 823.
8,511.
11,332.
49
50
51
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
Cl
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
73
74
75
7(i
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
65
86
87
88
89
90
91
93
94
95
96
97
98
qq
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Death?.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1,282
1
5
1
12
840
1
5
13
2
4
623
7
943
o
7
28
5
1
704
1
1
19
1
3
756
3
773
4
12, 921
8
65
22i
92
1
3
16
4
17
8
25
3
10
5
8
3
15
312
20
9
6
5
338
40
27
22
1
1
1
1
4
3
1
3
1
30
1
1
21
1
6
28
3
2
29'
1
2
3
1
28
1
13
23
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
3
1
24
22
27
3
18
2
3
3
7
1
6
31
2
8
1
4
28
31
7
5
0
n
6
o
1
o
1
3
1
4
1
1
3
2
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
3
33
10
58
9
8
33
5
3
10
1
2
i
3
2
1
5
2
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
5
3
2
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
:: i;;;;;:
1
1
4
3
5
90
1°
1
1
10
10
41
922
135
1
5
81
155
193
16
137
212
1, 115
51
1
17
182
3
i
1
3
o
5
148
11
8
117
9
j
1
8
39
25
1
15
i
90
8
o
1
40
9
00
1
M
,3
1
00 I
1
1
1
14
22
19
1
11
19
18
4
16
17
85
4
11
14
20
o
7
7
14
7
6
5
1 ;
4
2
I
1
4
5
15
2
1
9
24
1
17
89
9
12
r
11
22
16
89
11
6°
87
1
79
8L> .
1
o
12
1
4
2
7
1
1
5
1
23
|
o
a
13
1
8
14 !
17
1
0
1
1
3
5
9
46 .
1
1
1
2
100
101
9
r
0
1
o
1
::
1,748
18 : 1,881
11
990
12
1,392
9
1,033
7
1,076
5
1,081 5 :
17,034
™
628
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XCVIIL— PACIFIC REGION— Concluded.
YEAR
1H05.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
11, 251.
12, 134.
12, 946.
12, 883.
12, 14G.
LIST OP DISEASES.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. : Deaths.
Cases. ' Deaths.
Brou ht forward
1,522
9
1,719
1
10
1,988
17
2,140
1
44
1
o
1
G
3
3
13
1, GG4
22
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
13
3
20
0
3
2G
1
7
2
4
4
1
1
1
2
1
4
1
2
18
1
13
1
oo
o
1
1
G
14
2G
107. Acute >
3
4
29
3
I
o
4
1
OiiUElt VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
1
1
1
1
1
115 IV -• f I»
1
3
2
2
4
o
7
1
4
3
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
o |
120 Hydroeele - -
3
2
1
8
1
o
3
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Hones and Joints.
1
o
123. Caries - .
2
2
2
1
7
125. Inflammation of Bones
2
1
1
1
127. Necrosis
1
128. Otber Diseases of this Order
3
11
54
ORDER IS. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
129. Abscess
17
34
19
49
17
°G
32
131. Boils
30
o
131. Carbuncle
o
132. Whitlow
7
32
4
G5
10
37
8
03
10
39
1
85
9
35
133. Skin Diseases
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
7
78
C
90
135. Contusions
72
13G. Concussion of Brain
137. Drowning
1
1
138. Sprains
48
5°
51
8
44
3
9
3
20
13
10
53
139. Dislocation
140. Simple Fractures
9
1
22
12
8
6
1
2
7
G
141. Compound Fractures
1
23
21
6
1
1
1
142. Gunshot Wounds
19
1
1
3
21
3
143. Incised Wounds
14 4. Lacerated Wounds
3
8
145. Punctured Wounds
l4fi. Poisoning-
6
3
1
2
4
2
147. Other Accidents and Injuries
1
2
1
148. ORDER II.— Homicide
1
2
1
149. ORDER III. — S'uicWc..
1
130. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence
Totnl
2,344
*•
1,850
13
2,138
15
21
2 558
19
2, 081)
30
DURING THE YEAE ENDING JUNE 30, 18GG.
G29
TABLE XCVIII.— PACIFIC REGION— Concluded.
1805.
1866.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUXE.
TOTAL.
13, 396.
12, 972.
11,761.
11, 774.
8, 392.
7, 823.
8,511.
11, 332.
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
I4(i
147
148
149
150
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases, j Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. ; Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1,748
1
G5
1
o
18
1,281
11
990
12
1, 392
9
1,033
1
21
7
1,076
4
15
4
1
5
1,081
5
17, 634
8
355
27
27
6
*i9
138
47
15
3
48
2
19
1
1
1
2
o
1
2
4
11
4
3
5
1
1
5
1
1
4
3
23
o
4
3
9
0
1
10
28
2
0
4
19
5
1
2
3
11
1
23
58
047
1
o
1
3
19
5
1
1
1
lii
70
o
8
11
1
16
40
13
14
9
32
2
6
18
4
4
1
11
227
431
17
96
371
61
957
8
1
1
1
1
3
~
0
0
1
3
0
1
0
1
4
1
1
'4
1
3
3
5
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
3
1
o
1
1
1
2
3
1
3
3
3
0
1
1
1
1
o
1
1
1
19
40
4
9
38
6
90
3
4
27
oo
2
20
17
30
17
37
1
8
3°
18
37
o
13
37
1
10
31
10
85
7
24
o
6
23
5
99
10
23
34
4
6')
11
66
70
88
1
1
4
1
4
1
1
66
3
10
31
5
6
1
8
17
7
:
.
37
40
9
3
37
40
34
533
o
41
69
17
197
"S
61
(17
147
4
o
4
7
0
1
1
12
1
15
24
5
(i
2
19
21
(;
1
18
30
1
10
18
7
3
13
15
1
9
30
7
6
12
1
8
1
1
13
2
3
1
4
1
7
56
1
2
12
10
1
1
5
o
2
2
9
7
3
1
2, 274
25
i
i,t;;>4 14
1,318
17
1,827
12
1, 346
11
1,4011 12 j 1,436
7 J W,2!<!
196
630
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE XCIX.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1805.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH IN FIELD AND GARRISON
295, 537.
15, 201.
201, 496.
8, 163.
137, 529.
4, 338.
112, 404.
2, 460.
82, 529.
1, 231.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OKDEU I.— Miasmatic Diseases.
394
10
924
286
11
109
272
13
322
16
4, 296
8,562
6, 512
467
219
7,031
953
1, 742
149
141
11
13
141
5
59
177
1
156
79
191
Cl
o
30
73
4
52
27
1
10
41
134
4, 827
8,121
7,165
618
258
12, 297
1,746
2, 991
247
276
19
1
34
100
453
106
6
10
58
6
2
1
62
39
205
73
26
o
1
6,883
4,723
378
130
4,320
659
1,195
121
69
9
14
o
54
8
8
1, 842
4, 947
4,175
393
31
7
4
5G2
2, 745
2,244
246
38
1, 639
246
407
on
43
33
23
7
3
3
tF -v
54
68
383
94
41
5
12
10
57
26
143
57
26
5
5
108
2, 882
514
857
77
59
14
42
14
113
41
6
6
8
71
13
18
8
1G Measles
18 Diphtheria
2
11
31
2 16
12
12
10
17
130
1
17
184
709
778
817
102
205
1,505
1,220
1,486
124
25
1,077
944
1, 197
127
9
2
7
0
443
787
705
10
1
345
G55
60')
4
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22. Syphilis.
24. Orchitis
87
1G
°8
12
24
53
9
6
497
7
64
134
31
13
1
4
30
104
3
36
27. Serpent Bite
28. Other Diseases of this Order
19
497
22
1
5
13
427
1
4
22
253
3
44
G6
6
137
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
7
1
1
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens
75
199
28
3
1,106
702
159
7
5
91
60
6
8
3
1
1
0
1
51
82
5
1
1
428
316
53
7
5
50
5G
32. Inebriation
33. Chronic Alcoholism
1
7
2
5
1
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
1
449
36. Acute Rheumatism
5
1
3
719
353
92
1
3
1
o
37. Chronic Rheumatism
38. Anafttnia
0
66
39. Caucer
40. Tumors
15
8
41. Other Diseases of this Order . .
57
1
6
61
43
1
209
6
6
3
11
28
21
ORDER II.— Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
22
22
38
10
2
132
22
26
11
14
43. Scrofula
44. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch
471
10
20
6
112
7
129
1
1
4G. Tape-worm
47. Other Intestinal Worms
4
3
48. Other Diseases of this Order
!
1
Carried forward
48, 508
1, 317
36, 709
732
25, 871
557
19, 970
416
11, 317
196
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1866.
631
TABLE XCIX.
of tJie United States Army.
1805.
18()6.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
76, 026.
785.
66, 369.
536.
55, 978.
441.
50, 485.
296.
41, 958.
172.
33, 305.
108.
35, 348.
72.
99, CEO.
2, 817.
1
i
6
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
1C
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
4G
47
48
Cases.
Deaths
Cases. Deaths
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
36
1
18
14
25
1
5
9
32
1
5
2
1
2
/-O
5
1
1
23
6
20
3
14
2
1,285
31
1, G47
16
15, 823
36, 15G
29, 286
2,447
813
35, 095
4,827
8, 362
7CO
8G8
334
196
8
138
268
*., 201
5, 2(18
7,511
7, 348
863
118
333
635
21
259
3
1
1
2
4
24
3
347
1,519
1, 192
88
14
181
273
19
67
51
13
3
1
191
755
743
174
578
448
27
1
1
175
602
487
31
6
705
170
519
167
432
1
294
493
1
32
27
1
230
159
1, 033
*}fift
.c J
152
ig
71
11
1
3
1
491
32
461
26
640
62
5
48
4
10
2
9
6
1, 059
138
182
10
42
46
8
1
13
9
2
5
788
67
121
3
27
46
5
o
1
4
745
51
142
11
32
34
4
1
1
11
7-3
10
913
174
36
5
4
1
3
8
74
189
361
282
1
15
1, 444
81
154
14
G
2
1
4
1
1
1
4
2
1
1
1
32
13
1
3
89
124
8
47
GO
13
11
6
2
1
4
1
1
11
0
8
5
1
20
22
181
195
6(50
579
61
8
24
1
8
164
92
17
25
238
4
8
C8
281
393
1
|
185
3
237
4 68
393
101
450
371
1
94
401
286
2
01
11
1
394
347
47
7
5
o
1
CO
4
1C
58
43
6
13
40
10
8
1
5
127
2
23
50
11
1
1
182
42
G
8
10
1
18
109
2, 823
G3
460
962
116
3
4
113
1
38
4
6
149
7
131
7
2.5
51
6
1
. 1
6
193
4
44
125
5
237
6
16
70
1
10
62
2
30
1
27
12
11
1
2
o
2
5
1
1
1
20
53
o
21
38
6
1
1
1
4
1
1
9
2
3
1
386
207
18
1
8
23
11
1
306
163
10
5
243
2
1
233
141
12
208
mi
4,821
2, 9-17
451
11
118
5J
359
239
10
11
4
7
1
184
1
1
1
198
5 ;
}
8
1
20
181
111
88
8
5
4
1
1
6
4
12
8
1
4
13
9
4
]3i
5
6
12
17
G
10
8
9
5
G
17
13
6
18
13 .
3 1
i
1
i
169
3
148
1
158
109
108
inn
i
i DTI;
4 !
n 4:! i
0 I
3
1 ...
41 : '
42
6
5
Q
3 5 .
7,858
77, 63.' I
121 , 5,551
66
4, 176
45
4,709
50
4, 019
30 3,984 j 21 . 4, 900 21
,-.-'
632
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XCIX.— UNITED STATES ARMY— Continued.
y KAU
18G5.
iloxill
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
295, 537.
15, 201.
201, 496.
8, 163.
137, 529.
4,338.
112, 404.
2, 460.
82, 529.
1,231.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases, i Deaths.
48, 508
7
91
1 096
1,317
8
1
36, 709
10
60
597
16
7
4
4
32
410
17
96
24
11
3
737
28
69
10
71
15
732
8
2
25, 871
3
57
347
13
10
3
237
14
15
21
6
4
361
14
557
3
1
19, 970
2
59
218
416
o
11, 317
3
15
156
9
3
6
1
6
151
196
1
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
l l J
• i i y
21
6
10
65
635
22
218
15
22
18
5
1
3
1
7
5
11
5
5
G
19
003
8
3
1
1
3
1
2
4
2
tl° i' t' f AI **1 f B in
r.' " tt°fs "ic
v' \ ^i • 1
1
1
°
3
22
4
3
2
8
1
4
6
3
283
17
24
1
1
•
7
4
1
7
4
o
4
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
3
979
26
Inflammation of Con'unctiva
204
G
11
5
159
50
5
31
7
54
4
1
21
12
8
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
78
24
18
5
68 Deafness
7
34
1
1
9
2
1
4
69 Otorrhcea
144
10
6
62
13
6
9
4
2
81
46
7
79
908
174
8
83
34
1
15
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
30
G
3
9
2
3
50
6
o
9
1
1
1
3
3
1
3
17
3
1
3
4
o
1
3
1
1
27
12
5
78. Varicose Veins
13
8
3
36
9
79. Varicocele
80. Other Diseases of this Order
4
65
447
93
1
1
3
509
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. Asthma
2
o
1
82. Acute Bronchitis
1
1
1
295
57
14
25
67
68
42
369
4P5
83. Chronic Bronchitis
84. Dropsy of Chest
107
2
78
2
85. Haemorrhage from Nose
17
33
91
121
34
39
588
1
11
35
94
88
15
45
3
41
57
72
5
73
86. Inflammation of Larynx
72
195
1
42
1
4
1
5
1
21
3
1
1
87. Inflammation of Lungs
19
13
o
1
1
88. Inflammation of Pleura
254
46
122
868
1 905
89. Hsmriorrhage from Lungs
90. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs.
91. Colic
298
92. Constipation
i mi
93. Choli-ru Morbus •
472
6
33
378
C
386
9
9
1
238
3
#33
156
4
82
1
24
3
8
78
1
1
4
9 1. Cirrhosis of Liver
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
6
8
1
23
111
4
1
96. Dyspepsia
97. Diseases of Pancreas *
3
6
26
98. Diseases of Spleen
0
"
o
'.'9. Fistula in Ano
19
97
12
60
1
5
34
4
10
42
10'). Hernia
198
101. Hemorrhage from Stomach
6
Carried forward
58,176 1,465
42, 759
823
29, 421
625
22, 879
452
13, 453 244
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, I860.
633
TABLE XCIX.— UNITED STATES ARMY— Continued.
18(55.
18(56.
DECEMBEK.
JANUAUY.
FEliliUAUY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
76, 026.
785.
66, 369.
536.
55, 978.
441.
50, 485.
296.
41, 958.
172.
33, 305.
108.
35, 348.
72.
99, C80.
2, 817.
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
70
77
78
70
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
83
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
1.0!)
11)1
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
7,858
5
17
111
5
1
1
1
123
4
121
3
5,551
1
19
74
5
2
66
2
4,176
1
12
45
1
4,709
o
94
4
2
50
1
2
4,019
2
13
68
8
30
3,984
1
22
61
3
2
21
1
4,960
2
22
21
177, 632
39
410
3, 035
3,572
30
9
1
110
9
3
103
8
1
1
2
112
42
22
31
197
2,291
84
350
133
71
19
3,585
150
377
4
50
20
4
5
1
9
32
20
1
3
2
3
1
1
1
1
4
6
108
4
2
4
98
1
5
51
1
3
14
7
94
4
5
3
85
4
15
14
76
2
6
f\
1
3
1
1
6
8
1
188
8
2
10
8
5
18
1
5
1
10
1
11
3
1
143
2
1
1
131
14
12
1
112
4
10
4
6
5
198
8
121
128
7
14
8
8
4
17
4
6
12
12
9
4
6
4
11
1
4
7
4
7
5
19
2
1
12
1
10
17
4
28
5
13
4
11
4
85
286
89
470
47
19
204
27
17
38
11
9
22°
17
5
1
9
1
5
1
0
1
1
1
2
6
1
31
11
5
2
3
2
3
12
1
1
14
1
1
1
1
1
0
3
1
1
0
2
1
2
1
1
8
5
6
16
337
58
1
1
4
1
I
6
1
3
3
143
7
8
3
12
562
69
7
6
5
11
599
37
1
4
3-J
68
43
5
go
6
1
3
6
307
4
1
6
9
197
41
115
48
302
5,307
807
14
99
405
921
905
163
833
2,869
6,660
1,368
134
1,269
9
27
103
546
1
1
5
2
4
10
4
1
5
178
8
8
3
7
17
5°8
1
3
47
1
1
38
104
56
5
69
77
ogo
23
1
1
2
39
84
46
10
61
95
355
12
6
41
79
53
13
138
8"i
5
6
16
16
24
2
1
11
1
1
1
12
1
11
n
39
55
3
61
50
°15
10
4
27
25
7
45
o
i
8
56
85
1
87
ogg
146
301
94
313
10
•so L.
1
1
8
8
18
K;
O-l
3
27
1
9
44
3
39
2
3
3:>
4
54
2
i
3<i
5
49
1
36
3
7
31
3
1
4
1.1
4
1"
(;
3
14
1
14
9
6
1
2
1
9, 879
155 7, 343
91
5,993
66
6,472
74
5,279
47
5,101
30
6,301
27 i 213, 056
4, 099
634
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE XCIX.— UNITED STATES ARMY— Concluded
YEAR 1805.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOUER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH IN FIELD AND GARRISON
295, 537.
15, 201.
201, 496.
8, 163.
137, 529.
4, 338.
112, 404.
2, 4GO.
82, 529.
1,231.
LIST OF DISEASES. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
58, 176
05
279
50
41
8
102
108
777
C85
1,465
7
3
7
14
11
3
3
4
42, 759
7
175
43
54
11
77
34
704
402
30
24
4
6
823
29, 421
13
119
21
31
5
28
31
402
227
625
1
22, 879
7
171
31
17
6
22
39
278
183
11
10
1
0
452
1
13, 453
3
178
14
10
7
16
14
134
114
30
4
5
4
2
5
20
7
10
244
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
5
8
5
3
1
6
3
12
2
1
1
6
1
1
2
2
5
4
1
109 Jaundice
110 Piles . .
123
42
2
1
*
16
14
1
5
1
1
OKDEU VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1 1 2. Stone and Gravel
113. Diabetes
114. Bright's Disease
7
1
16
93
22
1
1
115. Diseases of Prostate
116. Diseases of Testis
6
53
37
°4
7
38
15
13
4
12
1
1
9
4
3
6
3
34
5
16
2
4
1
3
9
1
3
6
4
154
398
22
80
214
117. Inflammation of Kidneys
2
1
1
1
118. Inflammation of Bladder
1
1
119. Incontinence of Urine
34
14
17
10
9
32
1
15
120. Hydrocele
11
23
3
0
121. Other Diseases of this Order
2
2
4
1
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
122. Anchylosis
123. Caries
124. Inflammation of Joints
1°
13
125. Inflammation of Bones
3
4
2
1
394
1,236
80
307
397
41
518
3
126. Inflammation of Periosteum
3
6
127. Necrosis
12
1
128. Other Diseases of this Order. .
1
487
1 524
2
1
ORDER IX.— Diseases of Integumentary System
129. Abscess
1
719
39
133
292
3
115
047
130. Boils
131. Carbuncle
111
319
516
85
682
9
1
1
10
69
142
132. Whitlow
133. Skin Diseases
1
1
4
o
18
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
3
1
2
7
30
273
4
135. Contusions
260
2
1
303
1
1
136. Concussion of Brain
137. Drowning
6
3
138. Strains rna
188
16
31
139. Dislocation
44
87
11
191
260
78
78
72
65
1
22
57
5
134
170
84
58
40
44
17
32
6
129
102
53
26
13
10
24
o
64
89
37
140. Simple Fractures
2
1
39
3
1
8
3
141. Compound Fractures
5
46
1
3
18
4
84
85
39
16
14
1
23
1
142. Gunshot Wounds...
143. Incised Wounds. -
144. Lacerated Wounds. ..
145. Punctured Wounds
3
3
1
8
5
4
5
2
3
3
1
1
15
10
10
140. Poisoning;
147. Other Accidents and Injuries
18
3
11
3
4
3
L
1
2
3
148. OniiKlt II.— Homicide
149. ORDER III. — Suicide
150. OUDEH IV.— Execution of Sentence
Total
25, 391
65, 832
1,642
48, 438
939
32, 806
701
508
15, 421
280
DURING THE YEAE ENDING JUNE 30, 1866.
635
TABLE XCIX.— UNITED STATES ARMY— Concluded.
186/5.
18(>6.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
76, 026.
785.
66, 369.
536.
55, 978.
441.
50, 485.
296.
41, 958.
172.
33, 305.
108.
35, 348.
72.
99, 080.
2, 817.
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
14f
147
148
149
150
Cases.
Deaths. i
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
9,879
2
259
9
4
2
15
12
112
113
6
10
4
3
1
9
14
12
2
3
155
7,343
3
188
6
4
1
7
8
33
95
8
3
91
5,993
9
212
66
6,472
1
188
12
3
74
5,279
4
94
47
5,101
5
80
9
4
30
6,301
1
70
13
2
1
16
27
213,056
80
2,013
223
178
45
322
267
2,548
2 152
4,099
9
4
25
43
28
11
9
1
o
1
9
4
3
1
6
4
4
9
7
17
45
20
4
2
3
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
6
4
31
85
11
6
4
1
15
9
o
1
8
27
1
16
49
3
5
3
17
70
36
2
1
1
1
84
26
1
320
128
37
38
4
69
308
115
156
40
107
23
24
141
18
42
43
23
1,957
5 554
8
1
o
4
5
1
2
3
1
4
8
4
3
11
2
8
o
4
8
2
10
5
7
1
8
6
3
5
2
7
1
3
7
9
2
10
1
1
o
1
7
3
2
8
8
1
12
I
1
8
3
3
6
1
1
5
3
9
5
8
10
3
3
21
2
1
1
7
103
O-'W)
3
2
3
3
81
202
4
4
4
120
276
15
55
183
38
366
9
3
1
0
1
2
6
1
88
18"3
1
64
183
8
43
96
1
54
180
8
37
121
1
76
184
9
55
149
31
281
5
18
45
16
34
118
28
264
3
341
l,s>12
2
35
124
127
2,479
407
4,116
44
1
4
10
12
64
43
364
17
286
1
13
287
2
o
o
3
232
3
1
3
1
M
5
3
3
196
10
35
3
50
100
31
31
5
206
162
178
15
19
l')8
148
7
21
156
9
<x>
148
3
10
3
31
97
2,654
10
29
1
15
"6
178
393
56
899
1,334
587
354
201
tKSG
2
3
]5
176
13
1
20
4
60
30
31
1
3
41
83
61
24
4
125
7
48
109
61
4
34
1
6
1
5
4
35
80
40
11
6
14
1
4
5
9
1
1
3
48
75
35
27
7
44
84
37
15
2
15
6
1
31
25
1
2
1
1
1
4
3
6
1
1
5
116
8
4
3
4
2
2
10
1
o
1 ....
12, 245
182
9,222
12(>
7,678
10)
8,204
98
6,574
65
6,411
50
7,732
49 245, 954
4, 735
636
SICKNESS AND MOETALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE C.
General Summary of the Sickness and Mortality
May and June, 1861.
Year ending Jone 30, 1862,
41, 556.
279, 371.
9, 548.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
97
20
129
17
3
21, 905
821
11, 769
•f:
5,648
201
147
0 rp ' l' T.^
*
?" VH '° i'
o. xeuoH i c
302
389
413
71
30
8, 402
264
994
52
65
46
1,141
40, 021
40, 330
2G, 7G6
3,526
2, 233
164,414
15, 815
32, 220
2, 609
2, 052
1,307
21, 072
133
*
11, 271
11, 314
18, 323
7,454
9,044
11,018
370
32
33
4
361
230
501
338
130
120
393
508
10
9
5
153
36
7 l\ " If °tt t VfVPT
7. yuotiaian in c
<l O rf It 'tt t F
in S ,• I -fj- , Pover
1
11). congestive 11 ti
19* P)C • !)'• 1
vi A '"il "n *
3
1
3
1
3
14 (') ' I) • t"
,r' ,, . . , • '
If S mil x ii 1 Varioloid
*
196
68
459
208
416
922
111
17
8
**
18
33
57
11
631
387
14
4
25
9
78
89
30
**
24
*
"° Debility •
23 Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
26 Orchitis
2,719
408
20
1,324
*
656
979
**
104
26, 218
18, 461
1,227
758
33
447
2,009
2,500
627
*
1,057
27 Stricture of the Urethra
*
1
**
9
57
20
29 Serpent Bite . .. .
30. Other Discuses of this Order
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
31. Scurvy
2
33. Delirium Tremens
34. Inebriation
35. Chronic Alcoholism . . . . . .
**
36. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
37. Gout
38. Acute Rheumatism
29
21
13
35
4
39. Chronic Kheumatism
40. Anajmia
41. General Dropsy
42. Cancer
43. Tumors
44. Other Diseases of this Order
5
554
10
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
45. Consumption
2
46. Scrofula
47. Other Diseases of this Order
*
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
48. Itch
50. Worms
51. Other Intestinal Worms
***
*;
52. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
16, 336
36
516, 824
10, 065
* Spaces marked with single stars indicate that the disease or injury opposite was not printed on the blank forms of sick report
** Double stars opposite "Other Diseases of this Order" indicate that on the classification of the sick reports used during the
FROM MAY, 1861, TO JUNE 30, J866.
637
TABLE C.
of White Troops during the War.
Year 'ending June 30, 1863.
Year ending June 30, 1861
Year ending June 30, 1865.
Year ending June 30, 1866.
TOTAL.
614,325.
45, 630.
619, 703.
55, 710.
574, 022.
71, 484.
99, 080.
2, 817.
431, 237.
37, 038.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1C
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
2G
27
28
30
31
33
31
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
32, 166
952
23, 346
382
86, 240
100, 144
62, 460
9, 872
3, 959
381,879
64, 531
66, 490
8,979
6, 728
2, 8!) 3
17, 560
207
2, 469
14,135
56, 566
30, 444
14, 278
22,419
3, 462
783
1,104
29
433
7,729
301
815
1,289
226
569
158
46, 903
46, 404
9, 537
2, 383
153
629
1, 986
5,762
2,135
185
6,263
142
913
84
10, 483
378
1,175
100
1,164
140
116
38
1,022
941
7,556
967
1,090
812
950
1,314
18
288
29
20
865
27
6
3
3
10, 116
349
11, 729
4,475
123
1,157
9,739
328
13, 149
783
73, 386
127, 393
105, 834
11, 132
2,814
284, 580
41, 574
61,470
6, 159
6,456
2,649
9,798
73
1,824
8,083
29, 497
27,941
19, 647
23, 008
2, 911
521
1,576
56
452
12, 844
333
641
1,019
185
99
102
34, 604
21,409
3, 661
52
571
247
1,995
1, 429
49
12,015
221
*
x«
44
5,798
124
*
1,468
309
1,198
134
75
727
973
10, 600
1,248
919
494
1,131
1,082
16
170
17
1,285
31
1,647
16
15, 823
36, 156
29,286
2,447
813
35, 095
4,827
8, 362
700
868
334
196
8
138
268
2,201
635
21
259
75, 368
2, 501
11, 898
49, 871
1,181
286, 490
447, 258
375, 170
41,223
13, 673
1, 155, 226
170, 488
233, 812
25, 670
23, 276
12, 235
67, 763
578
7,277
48, 128
134, 397
18, 782
83, 110
73,382
95,833
13, 564
2,438
4,918
192
2,177
30, 714
1,038
3,744
5, 589
920
939
506
145, 551
1 09, 187
21,892
3, 250
375
2,130
5, 396
13, 499
6, 022
369
32, 080
548
1,081
1,730
230
27, 056
850
147
4, 059
409
3, 853
452
381
84
3,370
2 923
27^558
4,084
3,22!)
1, 860
4,717
4,246
70
716
72
33
153
1,828
123
6
7
7
o
0
15
3P3
71
450
110
45
65
3
283
192
438
92
32
13
173
5,286
99
33
70, 718
142, 846
130,411
14, 175
3,818
280, 796
43, 477
64, 276
7,171
6,507
5, 007
17, 396
157
2,846
14, 175
34,751
11,735
22, 486
30,518
3, 498
591
1, 906
(il
1,183
5,976
341
1, 139
1,283
393
268
103
32, 37 1
19, 579
7,002
105
101
356
1,025
2,794
1,582
125
11,826
142
444
60
859
114
130
20
1, 029
620
7,868
1, 242
931
412
2, 171
1, 268
25
255
16
8
271
39
262
32
27
1
230
159
1, 033
286
152
19
71
11
I
3
1
*
595
34
*
5,268
7,511
7,348
863
118
332
18
109
2,823
63
460
962
116
3
28
4, 821
2, SI47
451
11
118
51
359
239
10
1,976
43
41
42
61
11
3
2
1
54
21
180
37
13
36
2
60
49
149
1
10
4
42
1,194
31
10
1
1
1
7
88
34
110
8
20
4
202
15
74
19
13
8
1
96
51
89
8
4
24
1,338
28
7
.......
*
3
o
30
1
27
11
1
87
67
180
56
9
3
100
2,014
29
16
11
4
7
1
184
1
1
*
1
3
*
7
1,169,476
32,356
1, 019, 717
24, 939
964,685
29,120
177, (02
3,572
3, 864, 670
100,088
used for the year, the cases being, as a rule, reported under the head of " Other Diseases" of the order to which they belong,
year the order did not exist.
638
SICKNESS AND MOETALITY OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE C.— GENERAL SUMMARY— Continued.
VTPAT?
May and June, 1861.
Year ending June 30, 1862,
41, 556.
279, 371.
9, 548.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
f
16, 336
6
42
280
36
1
516, 824
195
1, 203
7,126
494
151
167
572
7,544
7,517
330
416
1,518
147
71
8,553
282
136
1,173
1,770
1 458
10, 065
123
39
1
12
93
105
1
1
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
f.. t?-i . .
r>fi' T
20
50
7
65
248
327
6
74
59
3
1
351
5
55
64
51
8
49
12
g
5
*
3
7
57 T fl t' of 15 i'
10
Vt T f M 1 • of Brim
XX' in j! ™ °f a C- .1 (jn ,1
*
wi ~n t i '
fii x •• SI
GH Toothache
24
18
47
K4 S t nl-p
1
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
67. Cataract
68 Ophthalmia
1
*
ORDER III.— Diseases of Ear.
73. Earache
74. Inflammation of Internal Ear
75. Deafness
263
1,409
173
35
152
107
73
774
986
730
1,169
26, 160
3,893
83, 665
23
406
2, 591
11, 055
5,077
1,051
5,033
11, 366
27, 178
150
4,306
6,134
281
375
3,804
344
177
76. Otorrhcea
1
1
6
42
15
3
1
77. Other Diseases of this Order ....
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
78. Aneurism
79. Inflammation of Heart
80. Valvular Disease of Heart
*
1
81. Dropsy from Heart Disease
82. Dropsy of Pericardium
83. Inflammation of Pericardium
84. Inflammation of Endocardium
85. Inflammation of Veins
86. Varicose Veins
19
33
23
33
720
33
2,012
1
49
83
418
169
51
140
484
1,262
87. Varicocele
88. Other Diseases of this Order
1
46
11
102
36
5
5
4
34
2,152
84
23
234
11
5
15
34
1
2
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
89. Asthma
90. Acute Bronchitis
91. Chronic Bronchitis
1
1
92. Catarrh
93. Dropsy of Chest
94. Haemorrhage from Nose
95. Inflammation of Larynx
96. Inflammation of Lungs . .
9
97. Inflammation of Pleura
98. Haemorrhage from Lungs
99. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs.
100. Colic
101. Constipation
102. Abdominal Dropsy
103. Cholera Morbus
"42
104. Cirrhosis of Liver
1 05. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
247
*
16
92
22
20
*
107. Diseases of Pancreas
10H. Diseases of Spleen
109. t istula in Ano
*
111. Prolapsus Ani
112. Hzemorrhage from Stomach
6
3
Carried forward
24, 309
62
756, 811
13, 433
—
Spaces marked with single stars indicate tha',, the disease or injury opposite was not printed on the blank forms of sick report
Double stars opposite "Other Diseases of this Order" indicate that on the classification of the sick reports used during the
FROM MAY, 1861, TO JUNE 30, 1866.
639
TABLE C.— GENERAL SUMMARY— Continued.
Year ending June 30, 1863.
Year ending June 30, 1861
Year ending June 30, 1865.
Year ending June 30,1866.
TOTAL.
614,325.
45, 630.
619, 703.
55, 710.
574, 022.
71, 484.
99 080.
2, 817.
431, 237.
37, 038.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
6J
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
HO
111
112
1,169,476
409
2,652
20,858
852
455
306
1, 009
2, 057
18, 941
1,190
1,221
2,695
523
311
21, 198
630
1,159
1,283
5,624
1,627
783
2, 471
219
100
1,2:27
229
119
566
264
132
3,413
3, 604
1,093
3, 523
60, 792
9,651
197
1,032
6, 085
21,081
10, 624
2, 066
17,856
25, 111
41, 875
8,989
109
1,467
13, 626
41
956
897
10, 209
370
32, 356
266
106
1,019,717
221
2,270
17, 039
500
306
171
257
1,212
14, 769
640
2,388
1,056
331
150
°1 77°
24, 939
179
82
964, 685
175
2,452
18, 524
432
228
132
182
1,110
14, 981
587
2,168
424
296
148
*
19, 184
637
2,708
381
1,439
646
2,164
365
50
1,120
199
87
185
82
62
1,704
1,105
309
2,182
35, Hi 5
6,225
161
562
3,568
11,625
7, 233
1,178
6,174
18, 295
36, 978
5,161
97
1, 301
7, 646
17
289
547
4,818
125
29, 120
191
96
177, 632
39
410
3 035
3,572
30
9
3, 864, 670
1,045
9,029
66, 862
2,410
1, 232
805
1,479
5,213
58,774
7,844
2,837
6, 617
5,885
1,371
700
8,904
65, 739
2, 263
6, 236
3,488
7,908
6, 192
2,289
8,738
3,791
249
157
3,778
596
294
1, 319
565
343
8, 258
7,060
2,487
9,365
163, 715
26, 912
85, 677
508
2 722
17^ 318
61,202
31,852
5,745
38,907
75, 093
145, 9GO
150
25, 215
314
3,937
37, 514
80
1,977
2, 536
24,353
366
867
100, 088
790
332
1
80
1,269
741
235
58
18
436
210
39
12
8
97
48
134
21
368
222
54
16
4
55
73
108
22
312
184
138
24
4
46
89
116
112
42
22
31
197
2,291
84
350
133
71
19
3,585
150
377
85
286
89
470
47
19
204
27
17
38
11
9
222
115
48
302
5,307
807
14
99
405
921
905
163
833
2,869
6, G60
1,368
21
134
1, 269
9
27
103
546
*
' 27
4
50
20
4
5
1
9
32
20
231
261
426
*
*
1
*
1
1
559
1,854
511
450
1, 331
500
2,375
2 975
*
*
1
1
2
1
4
1
58
21
610
149
99
250
109
16
1
343
75
650
529
6
82
19
234
14, 738
590
209
770
77
23
15
275
291
31
20
185
48
35
90
47
6
1
43
1, 227
'l41
71
303
94
67
2, 126
1, 217
284
2, 156
39, 921
6,303
112
574
4,586
16, 102
7,844
1, 236
8,871
16, 973
32, 007
5,149
87
1, 035
8, 592
33
422
598
4,884
148
15
190
41
24'
64
24
4
16
204
49
35
51
20
3
1
31
11
5
0
3
1
GO
18
160
159
28
7
41
3, 575
152
54
148
26
6
67
8
136
7
159
29
204
189
31
3
102
4, 769
166
63
225
17
7
96
4
69
11
72
15
180
134
14
4
4, 055
180
61
160
16
5
56
9
59
11
5
2
4
10
4
1
5
178
8
8
3
7
22
3
27
1
12
4
16
*
9
3
1
9
10
17
11
39
5
8
G
1
1
29
1, 505, 253
40, 352
1, 256, 340
31,590
1, 188, 948
35, 394
213, 056
4,099
4, 944, 717
124,930
used for tho your, the cases being, as a rule, reported under the head of
year tho order did not exist.
1 Other Diseases " of the order to which they belong:.
640
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TEOOPS
TABLE C.— GENERAL SUMMARY— Concluded.
VTP AT?
May and June, 1861.
Tear ending June 30, 1862,
41, 556.
279, 371.
9, 548.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Brought forward
24, 309
430
54
29
42
68
24
3
192
187
1
1
*
23
3
1
19
3
12
A.8
26
4
62
756, 811
11, 450
2, 554
1,154
358
2,079
1,138
10, 922
5,784
7,212
93
13, 433
9
35
92
68
21
40
2
46
OKDEU VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs —Continued.
' T11,,^ f. T> . ,1 ,
1 "o" 7 1 '
l'*l Piles
ln° Other Diseases of this Order .-
OKDEU VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
124 Diabetes
124
932
401
170
885
303
126
336
771
125
111
111
206
5,289
3 534
10
5
1
1
*
126. Diseases of Prostate
127 Diseases of Testis
131. Difficulty of Urination
132. H ydrocele
135. Other Diseases of this Order
11
OKDEU VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
136. Anchylosis
137. Exostosis •_
138. Caries
3
22
178
116
78
118
62
298
27
34
184
7
1
91
24
41
134
164
157
91
23
267
*
1
139. Inflammation of Joints
140. White Swelling
141. Inflammation of Bones
*
142. Inflammation of Periosteum
143. Necrosis
144. Other Diseases of this Order
8
OKDEU IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
145. Abscess
146. Boils
147. Carbuncle
1, 187 '
4,083
1, 297
5,148
1,567
996
6,889
144
60
3,150
637
1, 2<1<;
17, 498
4, 052
5,248
1, 386
293
3,254
1
5
148. Ulcers
149. Whitlow
150. Skin Diseases
2
151. Other Diseases of this Order . .
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
152. Burns
2
23
19
17
153. Contusions
154. Concussion of Brain
155. Compression of Brain
l.><3. Drowning
*
157. Sprains
158. Dislocation
159. Fractures
o
40
51
4,479
15
112
OQ
19
97
*
42
433
160. Simple Fractures
161. Compound Fractures ...
162. Gunshot Wound?
163. Incised Wounds....
lf>4. Lacerated Wounds
1
165. Punctured Wounds
166. Poisoning. . .
167. Other Accidents and Injuries . .
1
*
1
*
11
168. ORDER II.— Homicide .
169. ORDER HI.— Suicide
170. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence
138
7,049
171. UNCLASSIFIED DISEASES
Total
27, 717
118
878, 163
19, 159
Spaces marked with single st
Double stars opposite " Ott
stars indicate that the disease or injury opposite was not printed on the blank forms of sick repo
her Diseases of this Order" indicate that on the classification of the sick rerjorts used during tt
irt
ig the
FROM MAY, 1861, TO JUNE 30, 18G6.
641
TABLE C.— GENERAL SUMMARY— Concluded.
Year ending June 30, 1863.
Year ending June 30,1861
Year ending June 30, 1865.
Year ending June 30,1866.
TOTAL.
61 4, 325.
45, 630.
619,703.
55, 710.
574, 022.
71, 484.
99, 080.
2, 817.
431, 237.
37, 038.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
12-1
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
13!)
140
ML
142
143
144
145
140
147
J48
14!)
150
151
153
154
155
150
157
158
15!l
160
161
16 J
163
164
165
166
167
168
160
170
171
1, 505, 253
745
18,183
3, 901
2, 233
45'.)
4,141
3, 702
32, 154
20, 444
6, 572
877
445
505
128
892
3,715
1,184
1,289
531
2, 008
354
237
1,244
92
443
488
278
14,737
15, 237
3, 442
8, 193
2,714
11, 133
21)5
40, 352
44
40
171
280
159
82
65
119
19
138
6
18
37
1
3
55
16
1
1
19
1, 256, 340
565
15,606
1, 483
1, 073
234
2,248
1, 658
9, 057
14, 720
1, 919
702
227
381
74
605
2, 191
671.
971
296
395
205
338
867
88
355
242
155
14, 688
26 301
31, 590
45
30
132
237
124
65
66
67
4
43
1
8
35
. 1
1, 188, 948
446
12, 229
1,388
1, 035
156
2 262
] ,' 471
17, 007
14, 453
1,500
842
251
479
30
401
2, 295
547
1 064
35, 394
56
14
126
288
151
64
40
94
5
53
o
10
40
213, 036
80
2, 013
223
178
45
267
2, 548
2,152
320
128
37
38
4
69
308
115
158
40
107
23
24
141
18
42
43
23
1,957
4,099
9
4
25
43
28
11
9
21
4, 944, 717
1,836
59,911
9, 603
5,702
1, 2'J4
11, 120
8,260
71, 691
57, 745
17, 710
2,643
1,085
1, 403
236
1, 967
9, 464
2 021
3^ 653
s;o4
1, 467
138
364
3,630
94<)
111
776
2, 032-
114
282
1, 155
1, 205
555
47, 246
78, 203
7, 5(iO
4, 201
15, 346
35, 667
1,594
9, 894
48, 439
917
61
124, 930
154
97
489
940
530
243
203
341
30
288
11
39
114
0
4
154
36
2
1
5
8
2
1
1
37
7
45
5
7
3
1
18
294
233
238
177
680
84
315
204
99
10, 397
27 461
3
9
*
5
62
o
4
1
3
4
3
63
3
0
3
4
42
1
1
*
6
7
I
3
8
11
11
180
*
4
61
1
fi
3
1, 842
4 443
3
1,886
4,890
11,049
2,800
12, 972
193
2
341
1,212
2, 479
407
4,116
44
*
11
r
(i
24
35
6:3
124
8, 500
2, 853
13, 145
2:!4
11
42
67
60
260
1
4
10
12
64
20
26
36
52
288
98
171
205
17
736
3
11
53
64
3!>3
32, 007
199
460
211
117
1,063
144
301
104
449
10 183
12,262
680
1,343
585
06, 970
5, 68!)
2, 234
1,334
853
2 569
1
1
14
174
9, 238
53
36
30
31
263
43
59
12, 701
633
1,181
454
57,122
5, 887
1, 941
1,031
3,034
3, 1 51
2 654
41,041
3, OSO
1, 287
4, 608
1, 372
230,0)8
22, 778
14, 740
5, 63!)
3, 288
13, 765
925
1,691
277
57, 395
5, 652
4, 573
1, 643
884
3,858
3
35
135
8, 773
73
269
110
24
357
26
5
69
10, 201
45
41
o;j
10
285
45
76
44
178
303
56
8! 19
1, 334
567
354
201
66(i
3
15
176
13
1
20
4
60
30
31
1
.
02
13
47;
*
*
*
*
7,187
1,757,645
51,870
1,510,000
42, 969
1,406,001
47, 772
245, 954
4, 735 5, f-25, 480
166, 623
used for the year, the enses boiiifr, as a rule, reported under the head of "Other Diseases" of (he order to which they belong,
year the order did nut exist.
DISCHARGES OF WHITE TROOPS
ON
DISCHARGES OF WHITE TROOPS, ETC. 645
DISCHARGES OF WHITE TROOPS ON SURGEON'S CERTIFICATE OF
DISABILITY,
Table 01 presents a summary view of the causes of the discharges from the service
on surgeon's certificate of disability during the war. It has been drawn from the lists
of names on the monthly sick reports, and it has been thought that the facts would be
best expressed by modifying somewhat the tabular form employed in Table C and pre
viously. The reasons for this change are given in full on the remarks introductory to this
volume.
0*46
DISCHARGES OF WHITE TROOPS
TABLE CL
Discharges of White Troops on /Surgeons Certificate of Disability.
YEAR )
MAY AND
JUNE, 1861.
YEAR END
ING JUNE
30, 1862.
YEAR END
ING JUNE
30, 1863.
YEAR END
ING JUNE
30, 1864.
YEAR END
ING JUNE
30, 1865.
YEAR END
ING JUNE
30, 1866.
TOTAL.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OUDEK I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
15
ft
12
16
6
4
1
6
258
70
56
865
118
17
81
4
3,139
12
399
9
49
60
1
7
4
20
4
3,565
42
237
5
6
40
41
3,161
177
496
227
181
8,267
677
133
15
30
10
7,737
61
29
83
3,795
183
49
2
13
9
1,691
59
35
114
2,443
163
20
9
13
1
1,542
246
11
24
31
20
7
34
799
57
6
3
1
909
373
480
16, 185
1,204
228
55
144
24
14, 500
15
1,779
41
302
241
4
171
18
131
109
13,779
347
2,224
61
39
210
202
20, 403
907
6
23
191
3,872
42
819
35
31
£61
8. Measles J
9 Diphtheria
]0 Debility
2
1
24
6
2
3
389
ORDER II. — Entketic Diseases.
12. Syphilis
667
8
189
104
3
47
4
41
73
5,344
152
1,306
27
97
103
9,984
448
3
15
76
1,621
25
432
339
4
29
31
104
3
9
12
13. Gonorrhoea
14. Orchitis
15. Stricture of the Urethra
16. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
17. Scurvy
7
7
37
19
1,460
72
327
14
3
24
34
4,206
127
2
0
35
752
4
66
57
1
24
12
1, 023
48
296
17
2
42
14
2,575
130
1
4
58
707
1
56
53
1
7
1
296
32
52
3
1
o
19. Alcoholism
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
20. Gout
21. Rheumatism
71
1
6
22. Anaemia
23. Dropsy
24. Cancer
23. Marasmus
1
26. Tumors
7
8
394
23
27. Other Diseases of this Order
o
83
2
ORDER II.— Tubercular Diseases.
28. Consumption
23. Scrofula
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
30. Tape-worm
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDKR I.— Diseases of Nervous System.
31. Apoplexy
1
18
669
8
246
25
8
39
1
4
82
4
13
32. Chorea
33. Epilepsy
41
34. Headache
3,). Insanity
6
10
2
8
36. Inflammation of Brain
37. Nostalgia
15
149
4
39
o
18
38. Neuralgia
8
Carried forward
339
13,506
38, 727
13,559
9,801
2,433
1
78, 365
ON SUEGEON'S CERTIFICATE OF DISABILITY.
647
TABLE CL— DISCHAEGES OF WHITE TROOPS, ETC.— Continued.
YEAR <
MAY AND
YEAR END-
YEAR END-
YEAR END-
YEAR END-
YEAR END-
JUNE, 1861.
30, 1802.
SO, 18C3.
SO, 1804.
30, 1805.
30, 1800.
339
13, 506
38 727
13 559
9 801
2 433
78 305
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System — Continued.
39 Paralysis
6
252
1,386
492
618
84
2 838
40 Sun-stroke
1
129
25
55
11
24°
5
193
278
225
202
35
938
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
2
109
105
109
89
13
517
43 Cataract
63
64
58
13
198
11
139
477
244
46°
130
1 403
45. Night Blindness
8
5
3
10
2
281
1 032
250
3°4
83
1 97°
ORDER III.— .Diseases of Ear.
3
3
6
22
g
30
14
260
461
196
193
33
1 157
3
1
11
10
17
7
49
51. Oilier Diseases of this Order
o
55
376
4
439
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
52. Aneurism
13
16
4
33
53. Heart Disease
54. Inflammation of Pericardium
17
824
6,370
2,192
41
1,111
32
122
10, 636
78
55. Inflammation of Endocardium
106
37
o
145
"
299
1 164
219
239
41
1 969
9
287
946
64
56
"8
1 390
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
58. Aphonia
4°
276
110
116
24
568
7
°44
617
174
150
28
1 °°0
GO. Bronchitis
°7
803
1 837
497
456
109
3 7°9
<n . Dropsy of Chest
19
1
5
3
02. Haemorrhage from Xose
1
2°
23
03. Inflammation of Larynx
o
07
86
24
00
3
164
26
253
617
83
1 09°
65. Inflammation of Pleura
G
97
29°
54
38
g
4ri5
14
151
307
67
oo
634
07. Other Diseases pf this Order
5
147
44°
100
79
16
789
ORDER VI. — Diseases of the Digestive Organs.
68. Colic
3
1
1
4
9
69. Constipation
o
11
13
70. Cirrhosis of Liver
3
9
71. Dyspepsia
09
23°
64
115
15
495
72. Diseases of Spleen
13
132
11
14
1
171
73. Fistula in A no
o
62
220
80
81
404
54
2 300
4 934
509
002
213
0 002
75. Loss of Teeth
1
37
31
42
(i
117
70. Prolapsus Ani
0
38
108
40
50
12
325
77. Haemorrhage from Stomach
2
78. Inflammation of Tonsils
1
14
1
1 •
0
19
79. Inflammation of Stomach
3
37
181
76
48
350
80. Inflammation of 1 Jewels
4
I'M
14
16
3
182
81. Inflammation of Peritoneum
14
39
25
16
8
102
82. Inflammation of Liver
0
no
7°9
259
171
57
1,354
P3. Jaundice
17
4°
1
1
1
84. Piles
7
°lr>
QOf)
1(!4
208
1,555
Carried fomard
586
20 07')
63 008
20, 342
16,019
3 053
125,487
I
G48
DISCHARGES OF WHITE TROOPS, ETC.
TABLE CL— DISCHARGES OF WHITE TROOPS, ETC.— Concluded.
YEAR <
MAT AND
JUNE, 1861.
YEAR END
ING JUNE
30, 1862.
YEAR END
ING JUNE
30, 1863.
YEAR END
ING JUNE
30, 1864.
YEAR END
ING JUNE
30, 1865.
YEAR END
ING JUNE
30, 1866.
TOTAL.
586
3
20, 979
26
8
13
33
63, 908
192
62
80
154
6
120
633
128
113
36
381
770
113
121
211
58
1,099
343
543
110
367
68
5
14
44
266
194
975
11,810
986
81
265
6
2,500
18
114
69
411
142
1,138
67
14
15,037
20,342
75
8
37
57
16, 019
46
5
18
35
1
31
116
A.8
21
28
65
525
40
19
70
18
123
179
110
60
253
16
1
8
24
44
107
384
13, 220
2,810
3
3,653
11
6
10
9
1
3
21
o
6
5
17
75
8
3
9
1
16
2J
13
17
27
4
125, 487
353
89
159
289
8
194
1,069
198
235
84
727
1,838
217
188
464
109
1, 547
836
909
283
1,138
143
20
30
102
445
555
2,138
33, 458
5, 832
142
423
9
4,878
362
323
119
883
425
2, 598
71
20
25,915.
OlU>Elt VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
86 Gravel
1
1
7
112
5
36
33
180
34
58
14
99
267
28
23
78
9
270
1J5
138
48
207
18
1
4
11
58
121
343
3,889
1,041
15
35
1
949
10
76
17
98
99
689
7
1
1
1
2
3
163
199
22
93
20
39
161
101
39
268
35
12
3
10
57
103
277
825
85
37
72
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
98 Exostosis
3
3
9
4
9
16
1
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
105. Ulcers -
107. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
108. Burns and Scalds
1
13
19
21
146
3,698
905
11
109. Frost Bite
110. Sprains
1
9
13
16
5
4
8
111. Dislocations
112. Fractures
113. Gunshot Wounds
1 14. Amputations
115. Incised Wounds
116. Contused and Lacerated Wounds..
117. Punctured Wounds
118. Wounds unspecified .. -
179
289
9
238
128
274
4
1,016
94
21
110
432
234
7
14
3
19
4
65
119. Other Accidents and Injuries
17
CLASS VI. — DEVELOPMENTAL DISEASES.
m Atrophy
121. Hvpertrophv
122. Deformities -.
7
1 23. Under Ape
124. Old A^e «
1 25. Feebleness . .
126. Stammering
3
4, 289
1
2, 433
370
127. UNCLASSIFIED AND CAUSE NOT STATED
Total
171
3, 609
908
28, 620
103, 772
33, 887
38, 645
9, 480 215, 312
!
,
II. -COLORED TROOPS.
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS.
82
SICKNESS, ETC., DURING THE YEAK ENDING JUNE 30, 1864. 651
The monthly reports of sick and wounded from such colored troops as were mustered
into service prior to July 1, 1863, are too few and fragmentary to serve as the basis of a
table. Those received during the year ending June 30, 1864, are here presented consoli
dated into three statistical tables; one for the Atlantic Region, one for the Central
Region, and a consolidated table embracing both regions. There were no colored troops
in the Pacific Region. These tables present the strength and diseases of the colored men
of the organizations represented in the reports. The white officers are not included.
1. ATLANTIC REGION — TABLE OIL
The colored troops represented by this table were chiefly stationed in the Department
of Virginia and ^North Carolina and the Department of the South.
2. CENTRAL REGION — TABLE GUI.
The colored troops represented by this table were chiefly stationed in the Department
of the Tennessee and in the Department of the Gulf, the majority of them reporting from
stations along the Mississippi river.
3. CONSOLIDATED TABLE FOE, THE UNITED STATES — TABLE CIV.
This table is prepared by consolidating Tables CII and CIII.
652
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLOEED TEOOPS
TABLE On.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAE
1863.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
2, 250.
4,587.
6, 217.
9, 035.
10, 498.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OEDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
3
31
9
37
12
45
16
1
3
35
13
36
8
47
3
43
4
33
3
4 Y^ri ° p8 3
.
51
59
100
81
C8
174
231
1
1
979
13
139
3
1
7
11
59
342
161
17
4
747
41
96
15
1
9
36
1
o
45
194
225
52
6. Quotidian
11
1
' er a .
8
7uar a . *; .
2
2
2
5
2
1
3
2
9
Ifl' A°D*t ^U^ r -hoe-
140
883
g
593
22
87
4
8
26
23
3
8
1
1
52
110
3
' ^ . * y
1
1
4
3
J
„ J P .
2
1
P
26
1
6
28
29
150
63
1
G2
13
31
5
97
16
20
57
1
56
71
31
28
130
53
55
43
35
3
13
5
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22 Syphilis
50
41
4
1
24 Orchitis
6
5
6
1
26 Purulent Ophthalmia
1
1
34
1
23
ORDEH III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
21
1
2
16
30. Purpura
3
34. Other Diseases of this Order
o
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
OKDER l.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout . .
36. Acute Rheumatism .
20
8
11
145
21
4
253
233
175
100
20
37. Chronic Rheumatism
26
88
38
0
38. Anosmia
1
3
39. Cancer
40. Tumors
2
2
1
4
1
9
9
41. Other Diseases of this Order
3
7
6
15
1
7
5
12
ORDER II.— Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
1
3
1
1
43. Scrofula
44. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch
1
16
47. Other Intestinal Worms
14
48. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
428
4
1,717
20
2,329
36
2,408
43
2,009
30
1
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18C4.
653
TABLE Oil.
of Colored Troops in the Atlantic Region.
1863.
1804.
DECEMIJEU.
JANUARY. FEBUUAKY.
MAUCII.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
12, 584.
16, 323. 19, 270.
10, 718.
22, 957.
22, 165.
24,781.
13, 449.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
1
o
3
4
5
C
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
l(i
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
25
07
29
30
31
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
2G
7
43
66
13
1
12
27
6
64
12
1
16
30
11
42
11
4
2
26
1
31
14
1
25
6
102
98
294
196
209
13
9
1,615
60
323
15
22
42
106
9
1
7
11
3
53
26
10
1
8
1
372
38
628
132
1,453
2,478
1,734
72
208
9,420
348
1,715
68
152
457
1,374
138
11
65
12
29
3
1
49
5
106
34
332
358
214
20
14
2,021
86
421
19
19
29
29
51
181)
121
1
87
394
18
63
6
32
252
81
182
176
235
110
3
17
395
38
46
1
9
104
179
3
111
235
13
126
OO]^
1
105
130
1
32
633
33
115
2
15
136
7
8
661
17
192
1
36
359
20
68
21
61
199
1
6
4
1
1
1
14
9
1
4
6
12
3
8
1
1
2
5
5
5
2
1
11
4
1
3
8
5
1
7
64
£0
50
13
6
69
43
1
1
9
7
32
79
262
0
8
10
20
4
64
243
10
7
3
52
23G
26
35
30
7
6
455
150
166
82
85
11
3
2
1
306
124
4
109
31
52
35
52
3
87
31
92
30
28
15
1
57
1,697
1,166
918
486
553
130
20
12
2
1
1
11
3
135
134
174
33
61
6
361
113
32
1
1
1
2
o
57
45
68
39
4
5
2
5
71
84
13
18
4
1
3
j
1
4
6
147
2
8
1
27
15
3
0
2
5
2
o
276
107
27
220
142
13
1
1
15
1
196
162
181
167
1
147
171
54
1
179
99
18
173
131
35
1
1
2, 198
1,222
281
14
10
57
140
281
4
1
5
1
1
4
77
2
1
37
24
10
1
1
3
4
28
35
3
1
12
26
1
4 2
13 15
45
19
50
1
• 10
27
1
8
0
19
20
6
1
18
22
9
8
14
12
7
12
15
18
0
44
30
5
32
26
1
2
186
0
43
1
5
2,102
72
2,252
68
2, 568 82
3,162
85
2, 907
52
3,843
76
4,499
97
30, 284
665
654
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLOEED TEOOPS
TABLE CIL— ATLANTIC REGION— Continued.
YEAlt
18(33.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
2, 250.
4, 587.
6, 217.
9,035.
10,498.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
428
4
1,717
20
2,329
36
2,408
1
24
61
1
2
43
1
2,009
1
9
105
o
30
1
CLASS IV. -LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
5
87
14
135
3
17
1
1
1
1
o
5
21
1
3
48
1
5
°3
2
13
2
1
1
1
3
1
5
OltDEil II. — Diseases of Eye.
1
24
63. Inflammation of Conjunctiva
9
19
46
32
4
1
1
o
3
0
1
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
2
1
1
o
69 Otorrhcea
9
1
3
19
6
6
10
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
72. Valvular Disease of Heart
1
2
4
1
9
1
1
73. Dropsy from Heart Disease
74. Dropsy of Pericardium
1
1
1
76. Inflammation of Endocardium
77. Inflammation of Veins
78. Varicose Veins
o
o
3
1
7
79. Varicocele
0
_
80. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. Asthma
1
16
8
1
44
16
147
7
9
329
22
8
218
10
82. Acute Bronchitis
1
2
1
83. Chronic Bronchitis
84. Dropsy of Chest
85. Haemorrhage from Nose
86. Inflammation of Larynx
1
13
12
2
29
35
40
44
27
°4
87. Inflammation of Lung's
2
3
1
7
11
2
27
2
79
88
151
1
8
88. Inflammation of Pleura
89. Haemorrhage from Lungs
1
4
7
44
10
1
80
73
9°
3
106
154
1
90. Other Diseases of this Order. .
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
91. Colic
133
161
3
92. Constipation
145
7
93. Cholera Morbus
8
94. Cirrhosis of Liver
9j. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
3
9
1
1
14
%. Dyspepsia
6
97. Diseases of Pancreas
i
98. Diseases of Spleen
99. Fistula in Ano
100. Hernia
9
8
11
4
18
101. litemorrhagc from Stomach
Carried forward
566
5
2,204
21
3,310
44
3,393
C3
2,931
43
DURING THE YEAK ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
655
TABLE CIL— ATLANTIC KEGION— Continued.
1863.
1864.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
12, 584.
16, 323.
19,270.
10, 718.
22, 957.
22, 165.
24, 781.
13. 449.
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
05
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Death?.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
2, 162
1
11
113
1
72
2
2,252
68
2,568
82
1
3,162
1
11
430
7
85
1
1
2,907
52
3,843
1
7
291
76
1
4,499
3
6
225
97
30, 284
8
120
2,161
25
11
3
5
52
454
17
36
30
14
19
463
11
77
665
7
2
9
167
2
1
13
186
2
11
344
2
2
1
1
1
1
4
4
1
1
14
4
6
2
1
1
1
2
1
3
3
4
1
1
2
I
2
55
3
1
1
51
3
1
4
33
3
5
60
11
44
2
6
16
51
53
2
2
2
29
8
4
4
2
3
1
3
2
5
57
1
8
2
o
6
1
3
1
6
4
61
4
53
1
18
'
1
1
19
27
91
2
2
7
2
1
3
16
11
28
3
6
2
8
9
9
15
16
85
166
1
2
.
1
3
3
2
2
12
32
3
18
2
4
28
11
25
2
1
1
2
;;
3
3
5
1
1
4
5
3
7
4
1
3
1
6
1
44
6
4
5
6
1
43
27
1
1
1
I
o
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
4
1
1
5
2
1
6
493
30
1
o
6
3
6
2
3
6
7
6
1
1
74
3,081
310
o
71
271
1,510
710
42
582
1,248
1
6
298
7
1
2
30
95
61
o
120
75
100
1
6
459
47
3
287
85
8
138
9
10
155
14
o
497
71
1
4
14
262
99
6
86
65
2
1
23
3
5
o
1
1
1
1
1
1
36
9
3
1
6
353
"!
o
1
10
30
307
140
9
20
124
194
4
12
3
224
89
5
28
115
27
13
1
77
74
265
82
4
44
105
5
62
o
1
1
15
97
55
4
8
158
12
47
3
64
6
1
35
1
100
80
5
7
151
29
1
1
1
128
21
409
5
321
9
128
15
252
2,125
31
115
2
31
4
18
o
17
3
7
28
3
8
53
1
27
236
8
17
19
11
r
3
14
8
20
2
21
0
20
215
100
101
1
16
2(>
17
30
1
1
3,229
91
3, 880
122
4,314
170
5,363
192
4,691
143
5,027
126 5,954
142 44,802 : 1, 162
656
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLOEED TROOPS
TABLE CIL— ATLANTIC REGION— Concluded.
YEAU
1863.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
2, 250.
4,587.
6, 217.
9,035.
10, 498.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
566
5
2,204
21
3,310
44
3, 393
63
2,931
1
35
2
43
1
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
t f T
8
27
5
12
81
1
4
1
3
2
1
1
5
1
21
15
29
11
21
110 Piles
14
38
15
18
3
6
1
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
113. Diabetes
4
2
1
114. Bright's Disease
115. Diseases of Prostate
116. Diseases of Testis
0
5
1 17. Inflammation of Kidneys
10
1
1
7
5
1
4
118. Inflammation of Bladder
119. Incontinence of Urine
2
1
120. Ilydrocele
121. Other Diseases of this Order
3
9
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
122. Anchylosis
123. Caries
G
6
124. Inflammation of Joints
4
125. Inflammation of Bones
2
o
126. Inflammation of Periosteum
1
1
127. Necrosis
1
128. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System
129. Abscess
8
13
14
24
2
6
6
20
11
17 *
1
7
10
8
1
3
10
8
18
130. Boils
*
131. Carbuncle
_
132. Whitlow
1
1
3
4
133. Skin Diseases...
CLASS V._ WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
5
136. Concussion of Brain
5
20
27
41
1J7. Drowning
1
2
138. Sprains
9
50
1
1
93
1
1
50
139. Dislocation
140. Simple Fractures
2
141. Compound Fractures ..
142. Gunshot Wounds
198
5
o
9
22
12
11
5
18
1
4
5
12
2
1
5
12
16
1
3
3
143. Incised Wounds
145. Punctured Wounds
146. Poisoning
5
5
147. Other Accidents and Injuries
148. ORDER II.— Homicide ...
3
1
149. ORDER III.— Suicide
150. ORDER IV.— Execution of Sentence
1
Total
815 15
2,466
33
3,632
51
3,723
69
3,135
52
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
657
TABLE CII.— ATLANTIC REGION— Concluded.
1863.
18(>4.
—
DECEMBER.
JAXUAUY.
FEBRUARY.
MAKCir.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
12, 584.
1C, 323.
19, 270.
10, 718.
22, 957.
22, 1C5.
24, 781.
13, 449.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases, i Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases, i Deaths. 1 Cases. Deaths.
102
103
104
105
100
107
11)8
109
110
111
112
113
114
113
116
117
118
119
120
121
ion
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
130
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
140
147
148
H9
J 50
3 229
5
52
91
1
3,880
122
4,314
170
5.3G3
192
4, C91
143
5,027
6
55
12G
5, 954
1°
142
44, 8C2
24
710
1, 1C2
2
83
138
111
85
5
C
35
18
12
o
1
3
1
6
3
19
22
8
48
3
80
52
382
318
C2
O.J
5
0
2
1
1
o
1
15
oo
2
8
14
35
1
3
1
4
4
57
28
18
1
24
28
3
17
1
47
40
o
2
136
1
G4
G
4
1
1
5
1
1
4
1
1
8
3
3
4
1
1
10
24
o
1
5
1
2
7
o
1
2
0
1
5
1
2
1
1
0
1
7
7
7
4
20
1
1
53
7
42
7
2
3
2
5
5
1
1
8
1
3
1
3
1
1
1
8
30
0
7
o
1
220
3')2
1
2
1
3
iJ
1
o
5
1
2
1
1
1
1
18
29
17
34
28
2G
45
1
20
54
1
11
1
42
CO
3
14
43
8
70
45
1
10
51
G
78
15
89
244
4
11
10
21
9
28
19
38
12
4
8
66
8
38
7
57
70
496
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
o
15
07
81
74
1
2
8')
83
56
04
745
1
6
20
17
1,411
158
88
42
87
4
4
1
„
3
7
41
18
12
i
1
4
1
9
522
m
1
84
1
1
1
18
14
11
9
11
23
8
1
7
8
1C
-
531
11
20
1
1
1C
9
11
4
8
4
18
1
go
2
2
i 3
1
i
1
o
22
1
16
07
4
1
8
1 '
1
'
•>
4
50, 948
3,572
100
4,308
127
5,410
180
5, 907
205
5,23(5
151
5,514
149 i 7,140
100
1,288
83
G58
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS
TABLE GUI.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1803.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
9, 799.
15, 604.
17, 827.
21, 486.
25 421.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OUDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
71
38
125
1
190
54
1
59
102
6
209
53
6
61
134
3
202
51
48
91
3
79
25
189
39
2J
140
540
12
337 ! 30
1, 329
350
1,399
717
45
55
1,286
1, 063
177
116
1,273
245
411
68
13
48
519
20
4
1
5
44
55
82
51
24
o
14
90
504
1,385
1,080
78
69
1,451
230
311
94
17
30
100
8
3
1
274
897
°7
30
1,213
225
327
70
11
236
1
7
30
93
857
140
217
74
C
14
325
1
8
22
15
23
20
17
59
65
39
30
1
5
17
87
1, 085
256
323
35
6
61
340
41
32
55
72
10
1
8
39
21
31
47
43
21
8
5
30
17. Scarlet Fever
18. Diphtheria
2
224
1
6
69
70
57
20
16
167
42
21
68
8
2
38
190
224
32
38
70
o
o
17
218
146
118
37
10G
1
20. Epidemic Catarrh
80
15
13
1
3
2
0
1
21. Other Diseases of this Order
24
4
o
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22. Syphilis
23. Gonorrhoea
36
1
59
24. Orchitis
3
5
6
10
3
9
19
25. Stricture of the Urethra
2G. Purulent Ophthalmia
o l
4
7
1
3
288
27. Serpent Bite
28. Other Diseases of this Order
n
1
8
OUDEII HI.—Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
93
12
129
o
100
2
4
1
154
3
5
30. I'urpura
1
31. Delirium Tremens
i
1
1
32. Inebriation
33. Chronic Alcoholism
1
25
34. Other Diseases of this Order
r
8
1
10
3
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
OUDEU l.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
36. Acute Rheumatism
148
69
9
138
58
32
1
1
5
167
78
60
1
2
32
25
17
1
2
7
320
157
57
1
6
7
4
1
312
310
91
1
o
1
7
9
37. Chronic Rheumatism
4
38. Ana;mia
39. Cancer
40. Tumors
o
41. Other Diseases of this Order . . .
1
G
14
1
G
51
13
5
6
13
57
33
13
9
17
48
19
9
9
2
OKDEU II.— Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
o
1
43. Scrofula
44. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch
1
9
1
11
40. Tape-worm
1
15
47. Other Intestinal Worms
24
_
16
48. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
3,725
244
5,791
416
5,951
483
7,356
554
7,319
292
DUKING THE YEAK ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
659
TABLE CIII.
of Colored Troops in the Central Region.
1863.
18G4.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY. > FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAT.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
32, 146.
36, 301. 37, 146.
43, 816.
47, 333.
49, 251.
44, 571.
31, 725.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
l
o
3
4
5
G
7
,-
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
l(i
17
18
19
20
23
26
A.7
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
30
37
:;,-
39
40
41
42
43
44
4r>
46
47
48
i
132
3
84
29
182
52
20
102
88
50
1
15
114
49
8
26
145
64
10
45
135
5
165
58
12
25
161
9
199
91
7
44
1,494
32
1,887
614
49
434
23
121
190
171
344
1,246
7U2
40
72
1,372
244
317
42
2'i
172
406
18
392
1,020
734
63
55
1, 4GO
195
347
27
22
287
265
20
2
1
370
865
915
101
50
1, 662
246
294
17
48
329
213
7
1
432
1,170
875
76
99
2,751
558
72
73
435
491
17
o
462
1,146
1,146
124
38
o
702
1, 304
955
25
1
747
1, 065
1,201
90
68
4,529
422
802
120
45
204
239
17
1
0
5,132
13, 761
10, 649
1,001
850
25, 431
3,311
5,500
779
390
2, 303
4, 069
267
18
18
6
T;93
483
734
471
207
55
691
525
147
58
4,325
406
884
94
51
315
344
18
C4
15
11
1
30
22
23
56
14
6
26
35
17
A.1
44
]6
8
66
73
21
47
41
9
8
169
59
47
3,453
327
709
66
75
383
589
30
42
62
51
12
12
151
90
20
82
78
47
24
10
144
43
22
88
119
52
21
4
68
22
51
490
340
23
56
108
12
5
3
36
488
477
1
26
342
264
o
20
555
330
1
13
714
327
3
43
564
305
21
289
4, 320
2, 7<;2
1,443
539
1,170
141
33
114
7
68
2,835
18
5
5
4
13
4
3
114
10
1
1
299
157
63
97
12
1
1
175
57
104
18
3
9
11
200
43
111
11
3
6
10
252
73
171
23
o
63
114
16
o
25
245
76
120
11
o
1
1
9
2
18
1
48
379
2
8
14
28
3
1
150
3
141
1
3
8
432
0
1
60
6
355
8
1
235
4
4
3
371)
4
3
4
11
1
1
1
1
1
o
2
8
8
1
6
411
312
78
6
0
7
370
282
70
3
2
16
375
212
96
4
1
3
398
318
69
6
5
381
319
102
1
•1
6
5
337
263
169
6
9
16
346
252
1
9
33
74
11
17
19
1
16
13
3,703
2, 630
1,070
5
*-7 :
511
320
413
11
201
37
59
90
1
1
47
40
36
1
19
fcO
27
0
4
47
43
63
25
22
17
5
10
1
4
1
2
20
105
24
42
5
18
51
29 ,
86
1
21
2
30
1
3
29
3
47
190
15
5
12
23
32
48
41
1
6
333
o
6
11
6
1
53
85
1
3
83
2
5
7,609
298
7,417
332
7,236
374
10,285
539
11, 032
681
12, 744
666
12, 314
C47 99,679 5,526
G60
SICKNESS AND MOETALITY OF COLOEED TROOPS
TABLE CHI.— CENTRAL REGION— Continued.
YliAU
1803.
MOXTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOUF.K.
NOVEMBER.
9, 799.
15, C04.
17, 827.
21, 480.
25,
Cases.
121.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths, j Cases, j Deaths.
Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths.
Deaths.
3,725
1
3
ICO
4
20
244
1
1
5, 791
416
5,951
483
7,356
3
8
120
554
1
2
7,319
1
12
192
292
1
1
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
' ' \ ^ '_
4
S3
7
119
1
4
3
1
10
81
4
1
5
1
r.
10
5
2
1
o
4
2
4
I
2
15
60
5
4
9
1
11
o
3
1
3
o
6
1
r(] N t- ifi ' l
3
40
2
17
10
115
2
r~ 'v , ?.•
30
4
13
4
i-s i> i - •
1
1
59 Sun sirol-e
2
1
5
1
6
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
2
40
3
7
1
0° Cataract
1
50
1
13
3
3
16
3
1
3
4
5
27
ro
4L
5
0
8
3
G
4
12
20
15
0
3
oo
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
2
6
45
09. Otorrlioea .
1
6
' 46
70. Other Diseases of this Order
40
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
71. Aneurism
72. Valvular Disease of Heart
3
2
1
3
2
6
o
o
1
73. Drops}- from Heart Disease
74. Dropsy of Pericardium
1
o
1
1
1
3
1
4
1
73. Inflammation of Pericardium
4
3
1
2
70. Inflammation of Endocardium
I
77. Inflammation of Veins
2
10
3
0
78. Varicose Veins
1
10
70. Varicoccle .
3
1
11
6
520
22
0
80. Other Diseases of this Order
10
8
50
4
ORDER V.— Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. Asthma
o
0
159
20
4
82. Acute Bronchitis
42
97
18
4
4
128
4
10
108
118
2
1
14
3
1
1
2
4
83. Chronic Bronchitis
7
1
1
84. Dropsy of Chest
1
1
i-.">. Haemorrhage from Nose
0
14
70
30
4
1
90
171
60. Inflammation of Larynx
18
337
81
4
7
101
142
10
1
93
10
1
18
443
130
14
01
129
87. Inflammation of Lungs
1C
2
117
43
7
20
46
2
38
3
89
7
2
88. Inflammation of Pleura
89. Ilanmorrhajre from Limps
90. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs.
01. Colic ...
C8
£8
1
I!'J. Constipation .
1
217
0
1
1
93. Cholera Morbus
11
9). Cirrhosis of Liver
95. Dropsv from Hepatic Disease
7
1')
4
1°
2
1
25
26
18
4
90. Dyspepsia . . .
97. Diseases of Pancreas .
98. Diseases of Spleen
4
3
"7
99. Fistula in Ano
4
17
1
3
35
100. Hernia
37
i
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach. .
1
1
Carried forward. . . .
4,580
281
0, 541
478
6,912
538
8, 721 681
9,447
42L
DUEING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.
G61
TABLE Cm.— CENTRAL REGION— Continued.
1803. 180-1.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEIiKUAKY.
MAKCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
32, 146.
30, 301. 37, 146.
43, 816.
47,333. 49,251. 44,571.
31, 725.
49
50
.->]
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
50
GO
Gl
02
63
C4
Co
66
07
68
09
70
71
72
73
7-1
7")
7(i
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
8.")
86
87
88
89
90
ill
!)3
94
95
90
97
98
99
100
101
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Death?.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. , Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
7,609
3
9
138
6
7
23
1
3
118
3
238
3
7, 417
12
218
1
8
9
332
3
7,230
1
33
374
4
10, 285 539
8 i 8
9 j 1
322
11,932
5
9
299
681
4
1
12, 744
4
19
245
600
12,314
0
18
320
047
3
1
99, 679
30
143
2 353
5,526
31
16
1
3
o
8
3
4
3
6
4
18
144
3
i
13
8
1
13
172
8
14
4
3
7
147
5
31
1
8
50
102
08
17
94
1,282
38
75
147
28
8
1,019
44
20°
3
97
39
8
9
3
11
8
25
7
15
4
1
3 0
8 , 5
4 3
9 2
130
0
5
1
1
4
7
1
4
7
4
1
6
128
4
0
1
|
111
1
1
1
2 1
1
3
9
4
I
3
3
3
1
3
3
o
20
r?
3
00
1
8
32 1
7
3
o
3
1
174
10
51
49
1
8
0
10
43
75
78
1 "'
123
156
4
38
23
159
3
70
8
10
5
15
12
15
37
1
3
12
18
11
8
1
97
64
32
145
3°8
3
67
39
34
8
8
72
33
44
117
5,217
020
'21
41
4SG
6,611
1,803
94
1,058
1,554
3, 162
138
6
.
421
1
24
35
9
1
7
00
8
6
]
10
38
13
4
3
5 '
11
30
12 '
1
30
12
17
1
4
7
6
1
1
1
3
6
1
1
3
1
1
6
4
3
26
17
13
16
4
4
o
3
1
1
1
3
3
1
3
9 1 1
4 3
6 3
10
7
1
7
6
4
6
3
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
2
5
10
810
42
4
;t
11
9
7
597
85
3
15
50
882
20 L
10
73
181
429
10
4
4
15
388
78
4
4
0
(i
11
604
41
1
1 . 1
10 2
004 e
79 5
1
18
5
o
9
4
77
37
12
1
10
2,081
144
11
9
o
7
3
~
8
973
123
14
307
1GO
7
0
1
13
17
1
7
0
5
16
1
•i
4 ! 1
55 4
997 324
314 : 19
o '• o
95 ; i
1-.T 1
46
658
190
7
220
110
205
1
1
10
20
•
71
826
189
13
200
92
3
274
14
53
071
140
12
173
2
247
13
1
98
324
136
11
3
"13
J-13
10
1, 152
225
6
350
i :«)
243
19
1
3
407
30
o
101
15
3
1
270
328 -'-Hi'
408
33
1
05
0°
404
1
•;-,
1
7 '
90
5
39
60
77
1
11
1
16
3 ' 30
30
2
3
40 10 47
r>0 r~~
20
1 , 1
1
2
4
•(
3 1
o
4
4
41
1
I
38
4
33
4
33
4
43
jwO «-
1
40:)
11 j
3 |
b, 345
1
1
2 1
2
15, 050
897
i 10,444
485
11,394
002 ! 10,201
1
738
13,969 j 955
15,579 1,190
1,019 15,108
123, 072
662
SICKNESS AND MOETALITY OF COLORED TROOPS
TABLE CIII.— CENTRAL REGION— Concluded
YEAU
1803.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
9, 799.
15, 004.
17, 827.
21, 480.
25,421.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases, j Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
4,580
4
38
281
1
0,541
4
31
10
9
1
15
6
88
40
478
1
0,912
43
7
8
3
1C
538
8, 721
8
71
24
30
1
18
18
131
45
081
1
9,447
3
85
421
1
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
.
19
1
1
6
14
10
1
10
15
2
2
5
1
1
25
4
45
2
3
1
109 Jaundice
o
1
148
44
7
4
8
4
o
0
9
79
31
31
1
110 Piles
28
o
1
1
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
1
4
1
2
113 Diabetes ..
2
114. Bright 's Disease
1
7
0
115. Diseases of Prostate
o
110. Diseases of Testis
3
10
4
C
4
3
11
10
4
o
1
9
5
5
7
4
10
1 17. Inflammation of Kidneys
0
3
12
4
1
1
118. Inilam iiiation of Bladder
119. Incontinence of Urine
1
7
3
1
13
8
10
120. Ilydrocele •
121. Other Diseases of this Order
5
o
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Hones and Joints.
122. Anchylosis
1
1
4
123. Caries
1
5
1
1
1
124. Inflammation of Joints
1
3
125. Inflammation of Bones
120. Inflammation of Periosteum
3
3
4
1^7. Necrosis
3
1
128. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System,
129. Abscess
32
31
0
4
11
1
1
21
°7
2
17
12
37
130. Boils
13
7
7
4
4
13
131. Carbuncle
5
2
0
2
7
19
1
132. Whitlow
4
1
3
5
13
133. Skin Diseases
CLASS V. -WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER 1. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
1
133. Contusions
130. Concussion of Brain . . .
1
1
1
1
137. Drowning
4
1
1
138. Sprains
42
41
3
139. Dislocation
1
1
1
1
140. Simple Fractures
1
3
4
28
1
141. Compound Fractures
1
4
1
11
8
4
0
1
5
142. Gunshot Wounds
45
6
1
5
29
3
1
8
1
8
14
Q
4
0
11
143. Incised Wounds
144. Lacerated Wounds. ...
8
5
1
145. Punctured Wounds
147. Other Accidents and Injuries.
5
2
1
3
1
1
148. ORDER II. — Homicide
149. ORDER HI.— Suicide
1
130. ORDER IV.— Execution of Sentence
1
Total
7,419
4,905
290
6,973
490
502
9,303
712
9, 994
440
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 186-1.
GG3
TABLE CIIL— CENTRAL REGION— Concluded.
18G3.
18(54.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
Amu,. MAY.
JUXE. TOTAL.
32. 146.
36, 301.
37, 146.
43, 81C.
47, 333.
49, 251.
44, 571. 31, 725.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. | Deaths.
Cases, Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths. ! Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths.
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
140
147
148
149
150
10, 444
2
132
28
17
3
34
10
74
37
11
2
o
3
485
11, 394
o
662
10,261 738
13, 969
o
955
0
15, 579
1,190
1
2
1
4
o
1
2
2
15, 656
1
121-
20
23
4
30
9
68
71
10
6
o
6
1,019
1
3
8
15, 168
7
113
28
34
1
40
8
309
86
36
8
28
1
9
28
6
14
3
3
1
3
7
1
1
897
1
128, 072
35
1, 550
226
201
23
299
138
1,200
607
170
44
19
58
10
82
148
56
90
33
26
30
19
90
5
15
19
1
414
020
49
118
319
138
409
17
8,345
S
3
19
46
9
32
10
34
5
3
199
12
10
1
42
10
60
40
22
7
1
o
241
282
194
8
1
31
107
78
20
4
1
3
o
~
1
2
1
1
o
18 i 2
6 j 1
5 2
20 ' 2
14 1
65 5
49
28
17
8
80
46
16
3
1
1
4
2
14
1
G
2
1
2
o
1
1
1
8
2
o
3
1
2
15
1
1
1
2
1 1
1
1
1
13
1
12
11
3
7
5
28
C
6
13
6
7
3
3
6
8
23
6
11
3
3
1
10
5
8 ....
1
1
3
3
1
8
1
7
1
5
6
0
4
1
1
1
1
3
3
4
3
1
1
9
G
12 !.
25
1
1
1
1
1
1
o
1
1
1
2 1
1
25
39
1
6
6
7
21
1
33
42
46
37
58
1
14
15
10
50
1
1
47
94
9
24
61
70
G
10
4
57
127
4
10
4
30
36
4
4
20
10
48
1
1
112
18
62
1
59
12
2
2
1
0
35
13
14
42
4
46
43
4
!
1
2
10
3
1
1
2
3
7
4
86
64
4
3
74
113
0
136
3
114:
5 ;
48
44 i
13
100
•105
0
23
31
14
528
268
3
1
»
1
3
70
31
1
2
16
.,
6
119
3
1 1
92 20
1
14
38
27
4
1
o
3
8
28
23
6
51 13
18 .
9
74
47
11
16
4
14
9
11
1
47
10
8
3
3
80
95
12
4i?0
3
2
1
o
1
3
15
1
1
C
10
20
4
7
2 5
47 1
346
7
1
3
2 21
'
4 !
1 i
1
i
11,121
503
12,541
685
11,171 777
15, 023 1, 005
10, 768
1,237
16,090 1,081 ! 10, 5»S
956 138,512 8,756 j
664
SICKNESS AND MOKTALITY OF COLOKED TROOPS
TABLE C1Y.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1803.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
12, 049.
20, 191.
24, 044.
30, 521.
35, 919.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. ; Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OKDEU I. — Miasmatic 2)iscascs.
74
38
156
1
237
63
1
62
139
18
254
69
64
169
3
215
64
o
52
127
3
112
33
189
39
32
191
12
396
1,429
30
418
1 573
55
411
1, 628
1, 224
194
120
2,020
286
507
83
14
57
555
21
6
1
5
47
57
91
51
f)7
o
14
90
549
1, 579
1,305
86
69
2, 044
252
3C8
98
56
123
8
3
1
285
978
27
36
2, 090
437
70
11
•.O
264
1
948
40
88
2,064
209
462
38
7
68
351
8
30
93
997
140
2G9
7
18
OO7
1
10
22
15
23
20
9. Congestive Intermittent Fever
17
61
65
42
30
1
5
18
43
34
60
74
11
1
9
39
21
34
55
44
22
2
8
4
30
17. Scarlet Fever
18. Diphtheria
237
1
6
100
75
154
30
79
9
10
6
16
2°4
o
66
219
380
95
88
117
14
3
10
2
o
18
280
1
111. Mumps
20. Epidemic Catarrh
80
50
16
49
C
1
3
128
113
52
96
14
2
2
1
21. Other Diseases of this Order
85
4
171
92
149
19
6
7
1
3
304
O RUE u II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22. Syphilis
1
23. Gonorrhoea
24. Orchitis
25. Stricture of the Urethra
20. Purulent Ophthalmia
o
4
L>7. Serpent Bite
28. Other Diseases of this Order
0
1
134
0
1
177
3
1
8
OltDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
93
12
150
5
1
7
30. I'urpura
o
1
31. Delirium Tremens..
1
3
1
3
1
32. Inebriation
33. Chronic Alcoholism .
1
34. Other Diseases of this Order
5
8
1
10
3
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER l.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
30. Acute Rheumatism
1C8
77
°0
283
79
36
1
1
5
420
104
60
1
1
7
553
245
95
3
1
66
42
38
6
7
5
1
487
410
111
1
1
7
12
37. Chronic Rheumatism
4
38. Anaemia
39. Cancer
40. Tumors
2
4
G
14
0
41. Other Diseases of this Order .
6
53
14
9
39
31
32
7
13
o
9
20
55
29
31
9
10
3
OltDEU II.— Tubercular Diseases.
40. Consumption
43. Scrofula
44. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
4.'.. Itch
1
6
6
1
46. Tape-worm
1
11
'!/. Other Intestinal Worms
24
r
48. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
4,153
248
7, 508 436
8,280
519
9,764
597
9, 328
322
DITKING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
665
TABLE CIY.
of Colored Troops in the United States Army.
1863.
18G4.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
3IAI1CII.
Al'RIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
44, 730.
52, G24.
50, 410.
54, 534.
70, 290.
71,416.
C9, 352.
45, 174.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. .Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
| 20
21
*>O
24
20
O*7
30
31
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
4(1
47
48
158
3
133
33
225
187
63
3
32
129
8
152
G2
o
31
144
11
232
GO
12
28
171
1
202
78
11
45
ICO
11
267
98
996
1, 500
1,164
160
67
5,940
466
1,207
109
73
357
450
G7
13
32
11
fjj
1
214
9
305
34
1, 079
1,423
1,415
110
82
6,550
508
1, 220
139
04
2G8
117
9
54
1
25
0
2
1,866
70
2,515
132
6, 5S5
16, 239
12, 383
1, 073
1,058
34, 851
3, G59
7, 215
847
542
2,760
5,443
752
GO
499
296
19
0
357
503
784
490
220
Gl
760
568
28
395
1,435
913
41
159
1,766
262
380
48
40
204
C58
18
1
473
1, 202
839
04
91
1,819
415
iJ9
43
348
464
20
1
546
1,100
1, 025
107
G7
2,057
284
340
18
57
433
392
10
1
543
1,405
1,005
77
131
3,384
408
G73
74
88
499
734
30
2
588
1, 3G7
1,282
131
39
o
48
19
70
19
12
31
30
32
13
GO
14
7
35
42
21
44
16
5
8
80
77
37
24
55
42
9
8
179
00
55
4, 114
344
901
GG
107
402
851
31
42
G4
12
14
159
100
22
87
83
52
20
11
155
43
26
89
122
60
26
5
75
54
512
576
49
91
138
19
5
3
30
023
Oil
237
75
158
18
1
20
703
377
207
128
188
31
0
9
o
3
1
11
2G
1,010
480
3GG
125
19G
oo
o
1,029
3
47
G73
336
24
386
188
337
106
148
24
1
346
6,017
3, 958
2,361
1,025
1, 723
271
53
126
7
74
2,982
18
7
10
4
77
15
5
4
125
13
1
1
451
309
118
239
10
2 !
1
1
1
4
25
o
273
98
166
34
6
25
1
Gl
7
19
1
0
8
10
19
1
48
394
3
8
459
2
1
152
7
141
1
3
243
4
1
63
6
2
or .~
8
1
4
3
380
4
3
4
11
1
3
1
1
o
2
8
8
1
G
087
419
105
6
2
8
590
424
83
1
2
02
58
58
4
2
1C
571
374
133
4
1
3
1
579
485
€3
10
o
3
G
5
528
490
156
1
4
52
39
113
7
5
5J6
362
187
6
9
1G
519
383
272
0
0
17
13
5,901
3, 852
1,351
19
37
568
460
Gi>4
11
387
41
CO
95
2
1
51
267
17
3
20
34
43
1
4
21
1
1
23
41
4
49
62
83
12
5
10
4
35
0
107
43
92
5
0
32
44
1
32
61
109
11
43
3
3
41
3 j
12
24
41
7G
78
1
87
8
376
t;
<><;
8
1
53
90
1
3
2
5
9,669
624
9,771
370
400 9, 804
456
13, 447
14, H39
733
1(5, 587
742
16,813
744
\^\\\r, c,i :'i
666
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLOKED TKOOPS
TABLE CIV.— UNITED STATES ARMY— Continued.
YEAU
1863.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
12, 049.
•:;>, 191.
24, 044.
30, 521.
35,919.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
4,lr>3
1
3
177
4
* 20
o
1
3
42
o
248
1
1
7,508
436
8,280
519
9,764
4
32
181
5
597
o
o
9,328
21
297
322
o
1
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES
ORDER I. — Diseases of J\~ervous System.
9
170
10
5
1
21
254
1
5° Ir saiiit -
o
4
o
4
4
3
1
13
6
10
1
o
15
136
3
11
o
1
3
1
7
1
o
20
4
2
6
1
1
57 Neunl-na
49
6
14
5
120
83
5
r^ p ."• ,
5
1
8
1
1
17
0
1
6
1
6
5
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
0
62 Cataract
1
96
1
15
71
o
73
9
1
16
6
3
70
3
7
1
1
11
3
6
*4
14
36
60. Other Diseases of this Order
1
3
4
3
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
4
7
68
2
12
60. Otorrhcea
6
27
1
70. Other Diseases of this Order
59
51
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
71. Aneurism
72. Valvular Disease of Heart
3
3
0
1
1
7
5
4
3
15
3
1
4
3
1
12
11
14
738
32
2
0
o
73. Dropsy from Heart Disease
1
1
1
74. Dropsy of Pericardium
1
4
1
1
75. Inflammation of Pericardium
o
76. Inflammation of Endocardium
77. Inflammation of Veins. ..
"
n
78. Varicose Veins
1
o
1°
1°
8
4
79. Varicocelo
0
8
80. Other Diseases of this Order
10
9
72
4
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. Asthma
3
16
244
15
82. Acute Bronchitis
86
7
1
1
1
130
55
8
100
141
]90
3
488
42
4
2
2
3
o
5
83. Chronic Bronchitis
13
84. Dropsy of Chest . . .
1
2
4
6
157
57
7
122
1
85. Hsomorrhage from Nose
6
14
78
33
5
86. Inflammation of Larynx
58
381
108
4
7
234
303
13
1
104
1
42
515
157
16
140
217
87. Inflammation of Lungs
16
0
47
2
45
3
97
7
3
88. Inflammation of Pleura
89. Harnnorrhage from Lung's
90. Other Diseases of this Order. . .
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
01. Colic
103
262
1
92. Constipation
1
368
7
1
1
93. Cholera Morbus
°1
15
o,
94. Cirrhosis of Liver
1
14
29
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
7
19
4
18
2
1
35
1
19
26
4
96. Dyspepsia
97. Diseases of Pancreas .
98. Diseases of Spleen
r
o
4
3
46
1
99. Fistula in Ano
4
1
31
3
46
4
100. Hernia
__
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach..
1
Carried forward
5, 146 286
8,745
499
10, 222
582
12, 114
744
12, 378
464
CUBING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G4.
667
TABLE CIV.— UNITED STATES ARMY— Continued.
1863.
18G4.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
44, 730.
52, 624.
561, 416.
54, 534.
70, 290.
71,410.
69, 352.
45,17
4.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deatli*.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
742
4
4
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
02
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
70
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
£5
80
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
90
97
99
100
101
9,771
4
20
251
7
7
23
1
7
151
6
370
5
9,669
o
21
385
400
3
o
9,804
1
1
1
46
323
456
5 !
13, 447
9
20
752
624
9
2
14, 839
5
20
643
5
8
4
3
19
195
733
4
2
16, 587
5
26
530
4
14
8
1
24
216
5
15
4
16, 813
5
24
545
744
3
1
129, 963
38
263
4 514
6,191
38
18
3
9
9
3
8
183
7
1
27
4
1
2
2
1
4
8
5
11
. 3
8
4
14
190
o
1
35
4
8
180
1
45
1
6
5
3
2
12
75
113
71
22
146
1, 736
55
111
177
42
27
1 482
4
111
43
14
9
3
15
8
*-O
7
2
16
6
2
9
» 5
2
1
7
7
1
4
18
5
3
23
198
7
60
9
1°
11
5
164
1
2
66
7
1
1
2
1
6
1
13
3
0
217
4
45
2
1
3
3
o
4
3
3
3
3
2
23
4
3
8
1
5
227
11
69
11
9
4
26
5
250
74
2
9
0
14
71
94
2
17
1
5
105
14
17
12
5
98
11
16
7
23
55
339
106
79
48
230
554
3
111
45
«2o
39
14
9
115
60
45
191
8,298
930
29
115
757
8,121
2, 513
130
1, 040
2,802
5,287
253
6
305
657
1
24
55
623
20 i
24
9
3
19
54
1
7
7
0
7
10
•8
30
38
4
32
00
1
61
49
17
4
3
2
1
14
20
1
]
1
3
7
1
3
4
1
7
4
5
1
5
29
20
16
21
5
1
8
3
4
0
0
1
1
3
3
1
3
10
4
3
8
3
2
10
0
16
1, 157
109
1
3
o
5
11
10
3
1
7
o
2
1
3
12
4
6
3
1
5
1
6
2
1
1
1
5
8
3
o
5
16
1, 108
49
1
o
70
753
257
9
340
185
305
2
1
10
4:i
10
6
6
17
1,063
88
o
13
11
7
30
884
170
3
18
85
1,100
350
15
. 101
296
750
17
10
4
25
1
2
2
31
8
1
2
23
7
3
o
10
4
113
46
15
2
16
2,434
159
15
11
o
2
7
3
80
8
1,470
194
1
7
67
1,414
324
12
430
195
22
445
109
7
32
68
768
201
9
20
331
530
8
1
13
19
2
8
6
6
543
92
4
15
110
424
216
10
10
364
716
1
17
o
1
rjo
16
10
101
1, 133
329
22
220
216
16
129
1,262
420
13
139
258
715
1
9
380
21
3
o
1
4
351
14
2
282
14
3
1
155
10
]
3
290
22
1
3
471
36
3
0
404
522
6
1
10
53
1
12
1
42
67
29
48
1
72
90
5
70
1
08
130
2
11
1
17
3
38
61
2
3
13
47
86
1
23
1
;
1
4
8
50
3
6
57
1
" I
4
0
77
1
1
54
4
59
1°
„
49
1
0
1
3
2
1
1
4
2 1
1
13, 673
576
15, 274
>!
14, 575
908
19,332
1, 147
20,270
1, 333 20, 683
1,145
21, 122
1,039 i 173,534 ' 9,507
668
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS
TABLE CIV.— UNITED STATES ARMY— Concluded.
VEAU
1803.
JIO.VTII
JuiA'.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
12, 049.
20, 191.
24, 044.
30, 521.
35,919.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. '
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
5,140
4
38
23
19
286
1
8,745
4
39
499
1
10, 222
o
70
12
582
12, 114
8
152
744
1
12, 378
4
120
464
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued.
UU. cemorr age ro
1
1
10
9
1
16
6
109
60
38
4
1
o
24
34
1
18
18
160
63
1
4
7
7
16
19
1
10
15
90
52
4
o
20
3
17
10
163
59
13
5
C
1
1
• T ft - f P '
107 \" "tin f f L' -
25
• 4
46
30
3
1
2
3
1
• • FT'
1
C
9
1
1
31
0
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
113 Diabetes
8
4
o
4
1
1
0
3
10
4
C
4
6
10
6
14
3
1
33
14
16
(^
12
117
6
3
14
4
4
1
21
10
5
118 Inflammation of Bladder
5
14
1
121 Other Diseases of this Order
14
0
ORDER V11I. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
122 Anchylosis
1
1
4
1
10
3
3
1
1
7
3
1
3
1
3
5
127. Necrosis
1
128 Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IX. Diseases of Integumentary System.
129. Abscess
20
46
1
41
48
7
5
4
7
40
2
28
42
45
1
6
15
21
54
130. Boils
°G
131. Carbuncle
7
8
4
4
18
8
10
17
1
4°
3
13
7
12
132. Whitlow
133. Skin Diseases
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
1
135. Contusions
136. Concussion of Brain
CO
1
1
1
1
1
137. Drowning
4
o
1
0
Io8. Sprains
51
1
1
70
134
4
4
1
16
100
1
3
68
13'.). Dislocation
1
140. Simple Fractures
3
4
40
40
9
8
1
1
141. Compound Fractures
1
15
1
10
142. Gunshot Wounds
243
11
3
14
51
ig
13
20
°0
14
143. Incised Wounds
144. Lacerated Wounds
(;
_
6
3
145. Punctured Wounds
7
13
1
o
10
0
146. Poisoninff
1
1
147. Other Accidents and Injuries
5
2
3
148. ORDER II.— Homicide
149. ORDER III.— Suicide
1
1
150. ORDER IV.— Execution of Sentence. ...
1
Total
|
5,780
311
9, 439
529
11,051
613
13, 026
781
13, 129
498
DURING TTIE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1864.
GG9
TABLE CIV.— UNITED STATES ARMY— Concluded.
1863.
1804.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
44, 730.
52, 624.
56, 416.
54, 534.
70, 290.
71,416.
69, 352.
45, 174.
102
103
104
105-
10G
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
110
117
118
119
120
121
122
1 "'"
124
125
12G
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
l'J7
138
13'J
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases, Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. ; Deaths.
13, 673
7
184
28
17
3
3G
11
89
Cl
11
10
5
G
57G
1
15,274
o
ogo
784
14, 575
908
19, 332
2
393
28
17
2
24
16
94
81
17
8
1,147
20, 270
1,333
1
2
I
4
3
1
2
2
20, 683
7
17G
25
31
4
48
9
115
117
12
8
13
1,145
21, 122
19
148
46
34
1
C4
30
445
150
42
12
1,039
1
173, 534
59
2,260
261
249
26
379
190
1, 642
925
232
68
29
82
10
106
201
63
138
40
47
31
27
120
7
22
21
2
G34
1,012
G4
207
5G3
214
905
18
1 710
9,507
10
3
19
51
11
34
10
35
5
4
379
18
9
6
26
17
84
71
20
279
13
18
1
31
35
1G4
106
20
8
1
5
2
7
15
7
14
3
4
G
1
3
8
2
22
3
64
13
83
75
23
8
1
7
1
3
1
2
1
2
1
3
o
1
3
1
1
5
o
14
1
6
o
o
1
2
2
1
1
1
9
2
o
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
o
30
1
13
48
G
oo
4
3
2
1
3
14
1
13
1
13
13
5
7
5
29
15
7
8
3
15
1
1
29
6
16
6
3
2
1
1
5
7
9
4
5
4
1
3
1
2
1
2
1
2
4
6
1
,*
7
1
1
6
3
1
11
o
4
5
o
1
9
o
10
27
1
1
1
1
3
1
;j
!
1
1
1
I
1
74
1
1
70
139
43
C8
1
10
17
17
45
1
50
62
118
4
23
58
24
120
1
97
1
81
1°4
5
76
C
19
99
11
43
150
30
114
1
4
24
7
21
20
1C2
19
124
32
38
109
1
1
1
80
20
77
21
99
4
2
o
9
50
81
4
o
2
12
3
o
1
6
2
3
3
15
4
153
1G5
4
7
148
3
3
•j
202
219
170
2°4
1
3
3
3
4
88
48
17
3
11
6
8
9
92
62
25
1
7
9
596
66
33
19
I
21
29
51
31
1,939
426
168
137
14
567
7
7
1
108
35
oo
1
o
20
3
8
203
1
1
6
11
4
8
8
1
28
o
20
1
32
01
35
5
1
o
2o
15
36
39
4
16
8
582 14
29 1
29
1
o
1
3
16
1
51
o
1
3
1
2
2
1
1
7
1
2
74
5
1
O
1
362
1
4
2
0
4
i
!
14, G'J3
G03 l(i, 00!)
812
16,581 L'57
20, 930 1, 210
22,004
1,388
22, 240
1,230 23,678 1,122 ! 189,400 10,054
SICKNESS, ETC., DUKING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865. 671
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS DURING THE YEAR
ENDING JUNE 30, 1865,
The monthly reports of sick and wounded received during the year have been
included in three statistical tables, as follows:
1. ATLANTIC REGION — TABLE CV.
The colored troops represented by this table were chiefly stationed in the Department
of Virginia and North Carolina and the Department of the South.
2. CENTRAL REGION — TABLE CVI.
The colored troops represented by this table were chiefly stationed in the Department
of the Gulf and at stations along the Mississippi river.
3. CONSOLIDATED TABLE FOR THE UNITED STATES — TABLE GVII.
This table is prepared by consolidating Tables CV and CVI.
672
SICKNESS AND MOETALITY OF COLOKED TKOOPS
TABLE CV.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1804.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRBXGTH
25, 107.
25, 475.
25, 431.
31, 212.
32, 517.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases, j Deaths.
Cases. : Deaths.
Cases. [Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
44
1
336
17
601
355
361
10
2,772
127
444
20
51
36
26
1
17
26
31
35
46
28
17
J. Tjp 01
13
203
3
436
429
402
61
37
2,710
174
378
55
3
2
39
94
6
462
797
458
34
13
1,651
196
364
*5O
6
]
73
16
o
10
96
455
1, 131
858
29
1, 380
132
409
34
10
40
184
13
~ i
1
56
4
339
596
852
8
20
1
13
0
1
8
G. Quotidian n or.ni
1
4
5
31
10
1
70
21
1,056
127
176
13
6
8
32
3
14
29
9
5
14
59
14
4
7
0
67
18
1
1
4
3
4
70
3
9
3
2
1
13. Chronic Dysentery
4
20
3
1
1
1
4
7
51
7
19
83
3
297
3
83
65
211
57
32
231
1
97
316
65
75
60
218
62
61
13
89
10
5
164
53
66
4
3
1
5
235
50
44
8
0
3
1
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22 Syphilis
2
4
4
1
1
26 Purulent Ophthalmia
4
5
2
64
1
42
2
51
ORDER III.— Dielic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
72
1
58
1
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremons
32. Inebriation
33. Chronic Alcoholism
I
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
1
1G3
107
37
3
2
5
15
34
1
15
1
124
174
11
36. Acute Rheumatism
1
3
241
199
170
12
305
268
8
3
1
117
30
1
2
38. Anannia
39. Cancer
40. Tumors
o
41. Other Diseases of this Order .
4
6
20
1
11
2
14
8
32
2
15
1
17
18
1
13
0
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
14
20
30
17
43. Scrofula
44. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch
14
11
1
6
44
55
46. Tape- worm
47. Other Intestinal Worms
3
1
1
48. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
6,051
1
170
6,011
ice
5,133
185
6,082
218
4, 785
154
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
673
TABLE CY.
of Colored Troops in the Atlantic Region.
1864.
1865.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MAIICH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
33, G02.
37, 127.
33, C06.
34, 982.
39, 604.
35. 443.
25, 100.
31,600.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
o
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
24
25
20
fJl
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
32
25
1
4
31
42
29
43
47
22
36
1
44
50
1
27
54
56
44
41
2
15
442
0
1,251
5«
4,485
6,414
5,907
365
216
20, 642
1,683
3,774
276
125
344
733
450
5
159
15
96
9
4
1
44
127
712
90
58
29
87
55
52
72
3
45
9
55
3
95
32
103
385
525
577
9
21
1, 155
127
214
19
17
37
1
5
152
159
174
48
12
1
2
391
558
803
17
17
2, 245
146
443
14
21
28
3
3
229
340
308
44
31
998
112
227
17
17
41
33
4
o
2G6
381
293
4
245
400
273
39
6
1,521
93
298
15
17
57
86
10
4
72
7
409
534
413
30
18
2,368
216
384
22
17
75
175
o
14
267
368
399
9
1 i
1
1
1
8
5
1, 266
148
210
14
10
43
42
o
2
70
5
8
7
9
62
4
3
4
4
3
5
10
89
2
2
4
14
6
C8
3
1
6
12
4
8
45
1
3
4
12
5
o
34
60
8
6
6
4
1, 514
85
OO7
t+f. i
21
11
2fl
9
o
15
62
9
5
1
21
30
4
1
6
75
140
004
5
1
148
3°2
I
1
5
123
66
302
109
117
14
111
1,535
1,420
13
1
156
160
174
68
29
13
1
63
23
342
68
79
2
1
5
1
72
3
154
51
52
9
145
48
45
5
2
50
1
266
73
65
14
o
15
5 !
2,701
776
713
102
19
30
3
10
815
o
115
5
7
3
4
9
3
3
1
11
3
1
101
3
4
112
29
40
G4
1
70
1
1
106
3
1
1
1
1
I
o
3, 144
2,889
177
7
48
27
216
357
1
743
41
298
332
7
1
432
3Go
378
0(^4
2
315
316
7
1
15
1
1
221
244
12
2
291
388
28
1
13
1
1
3
177
129
7
1
j
1
11
14
8
0
1
6
19
4
o
3
2
13
7
1
]7
17
0
1
31
1
1
32
8
247
9
1
11
10
1
19
1
23
20
17
53
35
44
75
15
18
27
2
1
35
59
56
1
1
131
173
95
5
2
7
3
12
62, 725
4,538
139
6, 439
184 4, 053
214
4,220
218
4, 501
213 0, Cf3
295
4, 213
251
£, 379
85
G74
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS
TABLE CV.— ATLANTIC REGION— Continued.
YE \K
1864.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEl'TEMUER.
OCTOliEK.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
25, 107.
25, 475.
25, 431.
31,212.
32, 517.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
id
G, 051
170
6,011
1
14
231
138
1
5,133
3
21
185
3
6,082
3
21
292
218
3
4,785
2
20
231
1
154
4
1
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
io
243
4
2
300
10
5
1
o
6
1
1
1
3
0
3
1
1
1
4°
1
8
47
o
1
9
69
o
18
47
4
*>o
4
3
2
61
1
5
1
1
1
73
2
3
1
1
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
4
2
67
2
72
o
C5
o
62
86
69
1
34
5
5
3
5
J
57
71
58
1
ORDER 111. — Diseases of Ear.
1
2
1
5
8
1
8
3
68 Deafness
4
8
5
2
8
5
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
3
1
14
8
6
1
1
1
12
3
2
2
8
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
"1
78. Varicose Veins
6
3
4
5
5
10
1
5
131
12
1
2
10
32
40
2
- 6
4
2
1
29
79. Varicocele
80. Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
17
268
1
2
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. Asthma
6
217
10
2
4
133
10
82. Acute Bronchitis
2
1
358
50
1
5
2
S3. Chronic Bronchitis
3
1
1
26
84. Dropsy of Chest .
H5. Haemorrhage from Nose
1
0
1
13
3
16
106
62
o
7
159
87
1
7
86
161
2
87. Inflammation of Lung's .
6G
55
1
1C
177
29
3
45
42
29
2
20
o
33
1
1
2
88. Inflammation of Pleura
89. HifiTnorrhage from Limps
90. Other Diseases of this Order
12
7
15>
2
135
1
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
91. Colic
92. Constipation
"05
°00
171
19
lc>5
93. Cholera Jlorbus
CO
34
3
1
7
57
1
1
3
94. Cirrhosis of Livor
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
13
2°
2
12
65
1
14
17
1
9
50
1
96. Dyspepsia
97. Diseases of Pancreas
D8. Diseases of Spleen i o
99. Fistula in Ano i o
3
23
"
6
30
1
o
100. Hernia
41
7
41
36
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach
1
Carried forward
!
7, 495
214
7,371
185
6,377
218
7,625
258
6, 287
214
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18C5.
675
TABLE CV.— ATLANTIC REGION— Continued.
18(34. ' 1805.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
33, 602.
37, 127.
33, 606.
34, 982.
39, 604.
35, 443.
25, 100.
31, COO.
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
GO
Gl
62
63
64
05
66
07
68
69
70
71
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
£5
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
05
96
97
98
99
100
101
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
4,533
1
28
249
6
1
139
1
3
6,439
4
17
325
4
4
1
3
2
157
184
7
1
4,033
3
23
187
1
1
1
214
o
4,226
6
19
108
5
218
7
2
4,501
3
17
159
1
2
213
6,683
2
22
295
5
4,243
1
14
287
251
1
1
62, 705
29
226
2 987
2,379
36
8
279
9
6
52
20
4
10
56
914
-.O
124
15
15
9
803
23
2
29
4
2
1
1
2
1
1
3
5
3
4
3
1
2
2
88
2
1
1
1
8
75
6
90
110
1
77
3
5
7
3
2
68
7
1G
1
1
3
5
51
3
2
4
1
4
1
1
3
o
4
11
1
2
4
9
6
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
65
1
64
o
17
4
5
4
14
C2
1
9
G7
3
28
78
4
15
3
50
1
oo
32
1
' o
431
18
35
4
2
10
7
2
1
5
4
2
2
8
9
1
7
16
8
1°
54
95
21
2
95
45
5
10
6
2
84
55
5
171
4,315
414
5
20
207
i,5:)6
1,203
T:2
123
1,787
2,533
1
5
4
1
1
1
2
3
0
1
1
31
15
12
13
7
9
0
1
15
4
1
o
3
3
7
11
o
1
2
1
1
9
6
1
0
6
1
3
2
5
1
9
o
2
1
4
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
0
3
5
11
4
7
3
13
4
7
o
13
3
1
15
9
8
1
17
115
29
1
]
3
3
1
1
1
2
10
1
21
23
5
1
659
30
9
ftrO
1
1
3
2
32
17
509
37
18
838
56
30
58
8
483
47
1
o
5
3
3
3
298
3G
3
o
2
313
43
2
1
0
3
o
3
42
194
13G
10
5
12G
200
12
1
1
58
3
]
4
32
277
177
7
30
170
3(17
6
4
47
257
137
9
18
107
20T
1
14
144
100
1
8
179
o
1
3
54
37
3
23
15G
207
5
!)
127
OOT
G
10G
123
8
9
1G4
108
3
o
G
140
4
2
3
1
92
1
1
68
1
1
G
42
6
27
1
3
1
140
244
1
212
3
o
13
1
17
56
14
2
189
5
285
540
1
3
1
23
29
92
57
54
20
53
3
8
G4
~
11
16
34
5
36
1
1
1
4
42
405
15
G
28
1
4
34
1
20
G
G2
27
40
1
23
1
1
1
G, 156
1
1
6, 425
224
9, 2GO
325
387
6,089
352
5, 931
321
8,419
380
5, 479 310
82, 914 3, 3s8
G76
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS
TABLE CV.— ATLANTIC REGION— Concluded
Y E A U
18(31.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
25, 107.
25, 475.
25, 431.
31,212.
32, 517.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
7,495
7
10
5
214
7,371
5
185
6,377
218
1
7,625
258
6,287
214
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
79
20
1
23
1
1
78
4
14
1
12
14
133
74
5
1
1
o
4
1
1
65
3
1
1
2
1 - n' • f v
8
*J' u a . .
1
33
17
119
51
8
8
1
1
45
28
175
19
6
1GO
62
' I,01' e. ni ' ' f
1
2
203
61
2
1
' rou'c am
1
55
9
4
1
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
113 Diabetes
7
13
1
8
1
4
25
2
9
8
1
1
3
2
4
2
o
12
1
3
1
1
23
1
17
1
1
5
3
13
0
10
4
3
120. Ilydrocele
121. Other Diseases of this Order
o
OUUEH VIII. — Diseases of Hones and Joints.
1 •-.'•,' Anchylosis
1
0
123. Caries
4
5
8
8
1
1
8
9
125. Inflammation of Bones
o
1
1
1 ^7. N ecrosia
1
1
128. Other Diseases of this Order -1
3
ORDER IX. Diseases of Integumentary System
129. Abscess
12
22
11
07
7
7
49
4
87
07
36
68
3
12
130. Boils
40
2
5
28
G
33
1
91
131. Carbuncle
1
8
48
o
40
132. Whitlow
16
35
11
77
4
133. Skin Diseases
52
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER \.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
1
16
135. Contusions
1
136. Concussion of Brain
1
1
1
137. Drowning
! '"
3
138. Sprains
32 ! "
47
59
6
5°
67
131). Dislocation
o
140. Simple Fractures
1
o
3
141. Compound Fractures
1
247
7
387
22
11
5
5
1
142. Gunshot Wounds
844
C
11
1C
33
111
000
19
74
32
1
90
170
37
4
9
44
143. Incised Wounds
144. Lacerated Wounds
15
10
1
145. Punctured Wounds
!
146. Poisoning
1
5
2
147. Other Accidents and Injuries
5
*
1
a
3
148. ORDER II. — Homicide
1
1 19. ORDER III.— Suicide
150. ORDER IV.— Execution of Sentence
1
Total
8,840 ; 273
8, 353
303
8,048
2G1
8*776
3C4
7, 191
2G6
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
677
TABLE CV.— ATLANTIC REGION— Concluded.
1804.
18G5.
DECEMBER.
JAXUART.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
33, G02.
37, 127.
33, 006.
34, P82.
39, 604.
35, 443.
25. 100.
31, 600.
102
103
104
105
10G
107
IOC
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
14<J
147
148
149
150
\
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases, Deaths.
Cases. | Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
6,425
1
105
4
4
2
8
5
74
44
10
C
224
9,260
3
81
10
14
4
5
10
98
72
325
6,156
9
126
6
387
6,069
2
96
7
7
4
11
13
88
66
21
4
1
5
352
5, 931
3
60
7
7
6
9
13
59
58
3
5
321
1
8,419
3
112
380
5,479
2
39
1
8
6
18
1
110
59
6
6
310
82, 914
35
874
83
75
29
203
123
1 3'JO
727
140
62
8
119
2
47
95
53
113
21
18
11
32
137
8
12
5
9
297
793
°9
3,388
4
3
17
22
19
11
4
6
2
4
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
2
9
11
5
34
12
5
5
1
2
5
5
7
4
1
1
1
1
10
101
37
3
1
07
88
43
0
1
8
2
1
10
12
2
2
1
19
10
1
14
10
10
4
12
1
1
1
1
6
1
8
12 .
1
0
1
5
9
8
4
11
3
1
11
5
8
11
4
10
8
10
1
1
2
12
1
8
5
3
3
4
6
14
2
12
1
4
1
3
1
•1
1
4
7
3
1
3
1
2
-
o
4
•
3
25
10
14
2
17
3
I
3
4
5
8
13
19
1
2
1
1
6
34
71
2
12
19
C3
8
8
37
11
00
23
23
53
3
30
45
13
61
1
59
1
1
38
97
o
-
03
56
1
2
71
8
57
23
14
31
19
24
146
555
133
661
10
1
1
73
15
72
28
1
2
3
5
32
7
57
6
36
1
111
2
48
o
1
1
1
1
1
6
<;G
3
4
4
302
20
8
8
101
60
7
4
73
3
04
94
8
2
52
767
34
24
13
3,245
244
162
100
15
926
1
1
6
1
39
1
o
2
C
4
420
0
1
C)
1
26
"3
1
16
51
8
5
10
163
11
83
14
7
13
87
21
13
15
9
10
00
4
1
5
6
5
158
7
7
1
44
10
12
o
1
1
1
3
25
5
100
461
7
1
4
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
4
7, 51 1
277
10, 612
358
7,215 410
6, 839 383
6, 746
357
!>, 336
411 6, 032
3-1'J <i.'>, 4'.'9 , 4,012
I
G78
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLOKED TROOPS
TABLE CYI.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAH
1804.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN* STRENGTH
50, 90C.
50, 750.
48, 9GO.
53, 232.
57, 421.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS I.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
192
5
19G
Ill
15
C6
176
3
355
86
10
G9
194
2G5
70
5
42
129
10
57
93
1
96
57
1
15
' ^J ° T?
44
1,168
1, 940
1, 4GG
203
120
3,755
473
882
96
30
158
345
54
3
4
1
39
88
138
92
24
5
33
34
1,367
1,819
1,570
103
124
3,070
579
953
99
14
51
147
53
1
o
3
35
75
152
83
20
1
30
1, 198
2,200
1,G4G
245
100
2, G63
571
838
1GO
14
41
176
35
3
1,023
2,208
1, 425
97
8G
2,073
346
6G9
115
16
76
168
1
11
40G
107
303
71
125
3G
G31
1,896
69
23
3
1
*' * V
1
1
35
61
157
74
20
1
13
16
30
51
127
51
20
0
20
22
3G
3, 182
3G4
527
80
56
83
71
17
14
71
19
31
8
28
40
47
203
GO
303
80
157
1
14
2C9
15G
274
93
170
2
1
1
18
1
14
181
106
258
77
137
oo
1
3
499
o
F *i^ • r
495
13
26
1
16
2
2G7
111
153
11
OKOEU ll.—Enthetic Diseases.
21
18
12
5
i
1
4
G
0
1
11
3
6
5
4
1
1G
3
1,046
4
413
1
o
8
204
1
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
457
1
714
5
42
70
26
7
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Trcmcns
1
32. Inebriation
1
1
1
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
0
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER l.—Dialhetic Diseases.
35. Gout
1
4G1
2GG
202
1
324
328
171
36. Acute Rheumatism
G
9
21
6
18
344
237
73
2
G
2
43
75
3
0
18
43G
319
92
1
4
16
518
418
73
0
1
3
14
37. Chronic Rheumatism
38. Anosmia
39. Canoer
40. Tumors
10
25
33
G8
12
29
40
82
7
15
37
58
10
5
40
5D
41. Other Diseases of this Order
4
29
1
5
23
4
3
33
3
2
31
ORI>i:u II.— Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumpt ion
30
o
43. Scrofula ....
41. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch
28
17
1
33
25
29
4G. Tape-worm
1
47. Other Intestinal Worms
20
!
9
5
48. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
13, 007
689
13 482
811
13, 8GO
770
11, 136
566
10, 353
401
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
670
TABLE CYI.
of Colored Troops in the Central Region.
18G4.
1805.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY. FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
54, 734.
55, 463. 56, 359.
58, 703.
61, 203.
62, 873.
79, 909.
57, 543.
Cases.
Deaths. \\ Cases.
Deaths. Cases.
Deaths. Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
l
o
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
l(i
17
18
19
20
21
2-2
23
24
25
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
30
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
73
5
77
62
1
16
79
6
80
64
51
52
69
40
37
2
107
38
1
12
67
4
153
36
24
90
5
176
66
1
16
1, 250
44
1, 880
739
36
332
13 66
7
80
8
50G
1, 345
928
114
24
2,070
253
454
67
102
104
175
10
1
3
373
1,218
918
80
24
1,976
185
414
36
48
227
145
9
1
1
378
1,078
756
6
544
1 373
7
7~'l
1, 239
1,066
107
22
2, 544
256
719
32
70
193
177
14
1
331
18
1
1
12
48
13
73
23
885
1,483
847
144
62
3,688
341
856
66
54
129
138
51
10
223
2
1,219
1,583
1,014
85
45
2
3
10, 013
19, 082
13,658
1, 438
713
33, 944
4, 222
8, 465
970
541
1, 604
2, 098
97
204
3, 415
2,981
3,576
1,419
1,756
226
36
64
4
23
4,625
12
2
4
1
56
2
5,905
4,215
837
10
104
105
392
676
7
713
6
141
'.)
»
19
6
261
481
1 , 076
494
197
132
683
279
20
4
1
16£
7
1
793
74
1
9
23
68
28
19
20
40
16
13
19
68
18
20
122
12
30
1,611
192
394
53
36
259
83
20
19
306
468
190
97
1°4
10
13
50
16
9
12
130
8
1
2, 313
199
580
45
48
211
214
10
21
340
427
10
26
60
16
7
20
13^
g
24
38
60
24
9
15
52
35
58
5, 393
463
1,149
121
53
72
259
1
4
197
27
44
77
47
13
15
18
34
Of)
351
316
240
125
155
17
5
1
6
12
199
1
3
1
2
343
229
161
349
167
148
19
6
3
113
388
250
210
7
1
237
94
113
8
11
400
123
15
367
131
136
23
11
1
13
1
19
128
17
1
9
9
1
4
1
35
4
7
1
1
1
6
3
1
76
1
o
1
70
1
325
1
3
335
1
1
6
2
663
1
3
187
1
1
1
1
119
1
3
1
203
1
6
1
7
1
1
1
1
19
OS
10
518
358
42
4
7
5
29
73
1
1
4
1
503
257
16
3
1
6
396
332
15
2
3
3
358
12
3
1
5
587
310
19
1
10
1
79
3
3
4
1
650
435
49
o
4
6
576
597
73
1
13
4
4
5
31
41
120
8
1
(i
14
7
~o
73
2
31
4
1
44
4
1
41
4
16
47
95
18
392
41
1
20
3
20
61
1
46
36
4
21
57
29
96
6
gg
36
3
38
C
36
41
97
109
191
1
o
1
3
12
6
0
1
3
14
1
6, 12'i
8,7-11
363
7,879
444
7,242
374
9,354
403
9, 992
380
11,772 434 15,257 491
i:;2, 075
680
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OP COLORED TROOPS
TABLE C VI.— CENTRAL REGION— Continued.
YEAH
1864.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
50, 900.
50, 750.
48, 960.
53, 232.
57, 421.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases. ;
Deaths.
811
6
3
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases, j Deaths.
Brou ht forward
13, 482
7
15
383
1
18
5
2
10
127
5
31
13
5
1
120
13, 860
9
31
323
770
5
3
13, 007
6
43
228
689
4
2
11,136
22
231
560
1
1
10, 353
1
15
248
401
2
o
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
OKDER I. — Diseases of Ferrous System.
1
13
4
4
17
4
3
5
114
45
7
3
1
159
5
C8
10
19
3
6
2
1
5
147
5
16
7
5
10
11
4
200
4
1
3
10
1
8
3
14
3
1
9
2
1
2
<-r' K* a' /' ' ^
3
•57 N° f '•
123
58 I'- ralvsis
4
9
1
2
2
1
3
2
1
~
5
o
5
1
92
1
OKUEII II. — Diseases of Eye.
1
2
154
1
32
126
3
77
18
7
56
3
23
1
17
5
24
10
3
1
3
6
1
1
7
14
16
30
OIIUER III. — Diseases of Ear.
6
41
35
5
69 Otorrhcea
15
18
10
14
OltUEH IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
72. Valvular Disease of Heart
1
o
10
3
5
2
1
6
1
2
6
0
2
18
8
4
4
1
7
4
3
2
15
13
2
3
3
6
1
0
2
4
73. Dropsy from Heart Disease
7G. Inflammation of Endocardium .
1
77. Inflammation of Veins
1
2
4
5
14
323
62
4
10
119
294
112
3
17
211
635
34
3
54
147
78. Varicose Veins
12
17
6
1
29
14
9
4
5
1
26
475
146
1
1
117
435
177
11
28
204
389
7
79. Varicocele
6
20
18
293
58
9
6
51
188
113
8
4
319
578
44
80. Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
8
1
1
3
107
7
2
1
1
9
1
2
OltDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. Asthma
34
414
104
6
15
1
0
8
82. Acute Bronchitis
5
4
1
1
1
74
3
2
314
55
8
2
98
160
125
15
1
2°4
1
3
5
83. Chronic Bronchitis
84. Dropsy of Chest . .
85. Haemorrhage from Nose
8G. Inflammation of Larynx
161
132
18
10
15°
2
67
4
3
1
3
92
8
8!. Inflammation of Lungs
55
2
1
o
o
88. Inflammation of Pleura
89. Haemorrhage from Lungs
CO. Other Diseases of this Order. .
10
1
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
ni. Colic
92. Constipation
1
424
21
415
13
1
93. Cholera Morbus
1
1
94. Cirrhosis of Liver
1
12
1
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
14
1
69
87
6
10
6
1
28
54
1
1
7
GO
14
38
48
34
76
8
96. Dyspepsia
97. Diseases of I'ancreas
98. Disenses of Spleen
3
1
6
49
2
99. Fistula in Auo
5
71
3
(j
100. Hernia
58
101. Hemorrhage from Stomach
1
0
Carried forward
i
16, 521
1,028
1C, 761
911
15, 415
806
13, 704
700
13, 238
556
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1865.
681
TABLE CVL— CENTRAL REGION— Continued.
1864.
1865.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
54, 734.
55, 463.
56, 359.
58, 783.
61, 203.
62, 873.
79, 909.
57, 543.
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
06
07
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
7(i
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
£5
8G
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
8,741
3
39
228
o
5
9
7
162
11
3G3
3
3
7, 879
3
19
215
444
4
o
7,242
1
23
230
2
4
374
1
1
9,354
4
32
219
3
4
1
2
5
102
5
1
403
3
5
9,992
6
25
284
4
1
380
5
4
11, 772
3
18
363
3
•2
1
434
5
3
15, 257
3
41
408
3
8
o
2
15
167
3
13
6
2
183
13
122
491
5
1
132, 075
48
323
3,420
35
87
52
31
79
1,903
79
128
92
37
13
1 609
6,126
44
30
3
3
3
2
1
141
5
1
3
3
1
3
80
42
24
5
2
19
23
19
4
5
9
1
6
2
7
8
4
1
6
3
6
1
11
4
2
1
1
1
4
1
4
166
19
00
6
156
1
11
3
6
3
197
5
75
2
1
1
238
1
44
2
196
4
1
1
1
1
2
5
1
1
1
2
88
4
1
4
1
1
12
1
98
4
23
69
7
19
2
16
3
9
127
3
30
65
608
48
203
66
217
98
8
119
81
27
29
10
2
112
67
33
230
6,355
856
73
72
1, 292
4,669
2,102
153
282
2,041
5,370
370
9
498
851
8
19
90
710
19
68
5
17
3
16
1
3
8
4
I
2
16
2
4
3
5
13
3
6
22
i
9
5
14
7
12
5
11
17
3
o
13
17
6
3
2
18
3
1
8
4
i
18
1
1
17
6
2
3
3
1
2
11
6
4
1
1
40
67
28
18
8
1
1
9
7
2
5
5
1
1
5
3
4
5
1
3
6
3
4
1
2
1
3
8
4
o
5
6
4
1
2
1
4
1
1
2
1
1
3
1
G
11
1
G
902
62
7
5
282
445
207
11
9G
209
351
11
1
33
55
9
3
0
o
10
4
1
18
524
29
2
7
49
454
217
8
5
oog
500
42
11
4
15
5
1
19
381
93
9
12
1
8
2
16
958
48
7
5
119
702
241
10
51
185
1
o
3
21
9
1
10
G.-)5
94
9
3
1
1
2
1
o
8
o
11
9
97
62
23
2
17
1,642
73
24
38
2
7
1
96
3
14
734
63
2
o
1
15
7
3
26
382
42
9
4
90
251
136
19
9
213
527
1
4
3
3
8
6
1
15
6
3
3
6
1
1
151
11
3
1
2
292
7
3
8
110
680
23!)
23
23
ra
"82
1
211
8
2
7
1
40
548
190
8
10
179
3°5
2
208
10
1
2
1
147
3
0
1
138
5
1
2
50
282
213
13
22
343
669
100
6
1
o
269
9
2
36
30
1
G
2
33
3
45
64
149
3
4
3
38
5"
4
30
51
2
27
73
11
5
60
114
1
3
13
71
13 |
1
1
4
50
0
6
9
52
1
8
62
1
11
50
<)
2
GO
56
2
5
4
1 I
12, 167
579
: i . m -
826
10,353
657
12.26-1
688
13, 235 612
14, 632
646
18,975 684 '| 168,473 ; 8,693
682
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS
TABLE CVI.— CENTRAL REGION— Concluded
YEAU
18(34.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STKEXGTH
50. 906.
50, 750.
48, 960.
53, 232.
57,421.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
ard
16,521
7
131
16
20
3
29 i
6
151
81
0
1,028
1
16, 761
5
190
31
25
4
42
17
228
78
5
911
2
1
9
1
3
2
3
1
15, 415
3
72
16
33
806
13, 704
4
218
700
1
13, 238
1
241
45
11
3
30
17
108
75
556
1
4
4
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
o
6
43
16
6
23
12
117
81
11
13
4
3
1
10
. , „ -
2
3
4
2
26
12
175
92
16
10
3
11
1
4
1
1
15
9
1
8
1
3
34
8
14
5
6
1
3
8
1
4
ORDER VII.— Diseaies of Urinary and Genital Organs.
11
1
17
2
11
2
2
13
1
11
33
9
12
5
1
3
6
17
3
1
3
1
81
140
3
23
3
1
3
2
S
13
14
4
16
2
3
2
10
24
11
28
10
13
4
11
1
1
1
1
16
9
10
3
2
120 Ilydrocele
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
8
14
o
1
14
3
2
3
4
64
139
16
12
98
8
62
10
1
1
1
0
7
1
1
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System
129. Abscess
1
62
112
50
84
o
C2
119
1
2
130. Boils
131. Carbuncle
10
11
52
132. Whitlow
13
53
133. Skin Diseases
101
11
56
1
50
27
1
CLASS V. —WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER 1. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
3
48
14
78
1
133. Contusions
1
g
v 1
101
5
136. Concussion of Brain
2
1
9
137. Drowning
1
2
138. Sprains
1°8
13°
98
1
3
1°6 !
163
131>. Dislocation
3
4
1
o !
140. Simple Fractures
3
2
138
4G
27
26
4
o
123
56
16
14
1
4
10
2
69
50
141. Compound Fractures
4
12
142. Gunshot Wounds
19
73
4°
22
46
38
16
12
143. Incised Wounds
144. Lacerated Wounds
17
22
20
145. Punctured Wounds
16
22
1
11
1
146. Poisoning
3
25
1
147. Other Accidents and Injuries. .
4
1
68
1
1
148. ORDER II. — Homicide
149. OUDER 111.— Suicide ... .
150. ORDER IV.— Execution of Sentence
1
5
Total
17,879 i 1,084
18,231
972
16,569
848
14, 984
732
14, 623
590
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
683
TABLE CVL— CENTRAL REGION— Concluded.
1864=.
1805.
L)ECEMI<ER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MAUCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
54,734.
55, 463.
56, 359.
58, 700.
61, 203.
62, 873.
79, 909.
57, 543.
102
103
hi}
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
14.")
14G
147
148
149
150
Cases.
12,167
1
264
17
10
2
32
12
89
81
0
22
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases, Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
579
11, 208
2
189 \
29
17
3
31
7
64
49
11
9
1
12
1
6
16
8
15
826
10, 353
657
12, 2G4
2
165
688
13, 235
612
14, 632
17
163
15
34
9
43
23
77
77
17
15
646
1
18, 975
4
132
19
39
6
38
23
146
115
684
5
1
4
14
4
1
1
2
168, 473
46
2,146
260
256
46
387
190
1,399
866
154
153
129
7
101
297
120
164
43
56
22
34
149
19
26
35
8
716
1,223
8,693
12
3
31
73
17
18
22
26
4
1
173
16
10
6
18
11
59
33
5
10
1
8
208
9
5
3
57
11
96
41
21
3
2
1
2
1
2
4
6
3
4
36
1
18
39
89
63
5
9
2
11
3
9
2
3
4
1
3
o
1
2
2
2
5
2
3
1
2
3
1
4
2
1
1
o
2
44
17
6
16
1
9
31
13
17
2
6
4
5
27
3
17
3
5
1
4
3
14
1
4
2
32
11
1
16
8
16
4
4
4
4
17
1
1
3
2
48
75
3
13
51
34
99
1
5
2
8
1
5
23
12
11
2
2
19
13
20
2
4
2
4
20
7
8
1
7
1
o
11
32
12
13
1
7
6
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
7
I
o
4
4
1
1
8
1
3
*
1
o
3
11
2
3
3
1
2
1°
3
8
3
2
3
1
56
95
1
1
3
1
1
2
4
3
1
2
1
1
41
80
8
17
53
55
103
1
48
80
1
17
66
41
84
1
70
55
1
53
95
o
81
149
5
9
25
6
11
74
20
6
16
fl9
17
113
3
65
203
862
266
33
82
14
118
5
1
83
2
OO
1
1
1
1
117
o
105
1
1
o
4
1
1
9
1,083
21
6
8
43
1
1
2
1
8
166
2
3
1
246
48
34
24
3
163
171
4
3
1
47
60
24
24
2
260
147
5
163
174
4
6
170
5
2
3
41
60
34
23
5
10
202
1,840
45
56
11
1,262
635
265
38
C81
o
6
12
I
G
7
299
1
4
1
8
1
27
2
14
52
33
48
56
14
19
14
94
20
87
15
."3-1
53
52
30
74
21
32
1
19
16
1
1
24
1
9
1
3
6
o
3
25
3
1
4
1
6
15
1
4
5
6
18
2
1
2
1
13
20
13,828
662
12,659
895
11,518
71]
13,520 ! 731
1
14, 778
6'J5
15,982
724 20, 592
753
185, 1C3 9, 399
684
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS
TABLE CVII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
1864.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEl'TEMNEU.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
76, 013.
76, 225.
74, 391.
84, 444.
89, 938.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
3ases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Jeaths.
Cases.
>eaths.
CLASS 1. ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OKDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
236
6
532
17
1.769
2,295
1, 8x!7
224
138
6,527
COO
1,326
116
35
162
305
102
"12
112
220
101
5
58
o
45
3
164
10
325
103
121
1
152
4
970
2,492
2,081
139
74
1
23
15
79
3
558
3
1,803
2, £48
1,972
224
101
6, 386
753
1,331
154
17
53
186
11
86
3
359
6
1, COO
2,997
2,104
280
113
4,314
767
1,202
192
20
42
249
56
13
38
1
1
^ 1 P ° - d ar
28'
1,478
3,339
2( -^83
126
111
3,459
478
1,078
149
26
116
352
1
18
703
167
521
133
186
3
16
74
4
4
2
43
93
109
102
.5
36
35
66
3
3
3
38
89
181
92
1
28
30
31
5
1
j. *< n ^
.
1
40
75
216
88
24
1
14
20
37
57
194
69
32
3
26
57
3,238
491
703
93
62
91
103.
20
18
141
22
40
11
30
41
J. Conges ve i ^
"' c" C. j . J
'' 'r°n ° J J
47
286
1-25
514
137
189
23
5
1
4
1
200
253
590
158
245
2
1
1
23
1
200
189
422
130
203
4
3
3
22
730
584
502
161
197
2
23
29
2
21
2
14
1
OllDEK II. — Enthetic Diseases.
00 Syphilis
"4* O hit'
oo
26
4
10
1
20
5
5
tr
1
8
7
!_
1
17
2
778
5
3
1,104
5
10
255
1
OUDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29 Scurvy
529
1
42
71
455
1
2
26
7
1
1
1
1
2
2
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
2
624
373
239
3
12
30
48
102
1
43
3G. Acute Rheumatism
7
12
21
518
502
182
2
7
18
585
354
103
2
6
16
51
107
3
2
18
635
489
104
1
5
18
823
686
81
o
12
5
60
89
4
3
14
38. Anaemia
39. Cancer
40. Tumors
12
7
16
54
76
4
43
o
1
33
46
102
6
34
6
2
45
2
4
46
5
o
48
2
OKDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
43 Scrofula
44. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch
39
28
69
84
40. Tape-worm
1
18
47. Other Intestinal Worms
20
39
10
6
48. Other Diseases of this Order
19, 533
981
19, 871
908
18, 140
874
17, 218
784
15, 138
555
DURING THE YEAK ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
685
TABLE CYII.
of Colored Troops in the United States Army.
1864.
18G5.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY. FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
88, 336.
92, 590. 89, 965.
93, 685.
100, 807.
98, 316.
105, 009.
89, 143.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases, j Deaths. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
o
3
4
;.
c
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
23
24
2G
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
40
47
48
105
5
129
87
2
20
110
6
152
106
80
95
116
62
73
3
151
88
2
39
121
4
248
92
0
56
134
5
279
107
3
31
1,692
46
3,131
58
14, 498
25, 796
19, 655
1,803
929
54,586
5, 905
' 12,239
1,246
666
1,948
2,831
118
315
4,980
4,401
6,277
2,195
2,469
1,189
41
491
15
421
26
23
7
305
608
1,788
584
255
161
775
334
2
33
5
1
283
12
16 ; 111
16
135
11
891
1,870
1 505
123
45
3, 235
380
668
86
104
121
212
1
34
503
475
414
197
203
29
6
1
12
1
3
7C4
1,776
1,721
97
41
4,221
331
887
50
69
255
148
12
1
o
607
1,418
1,064
100
61
2,609
304
621
70
53
300
116
20
20
454
790
335
145
169
18
4
7
10
2
1
810
1, 754
1,086
82
11
966
1,639
1,339
137
28
4,065
349
1,017
47
87
250
263
24
5
403
301
633
204
201
25
1
3
1
16
37
93
23
10
17
85
28
1,294
2,017
1,260
174
80
6,056
557
1,240
88
71
204
313
53
15
346
227
651
276
265
43
2
1,486
1,951
1,413
97
62
6,907
548
1,376
142
64
100
268
3
4
260
136
54
3
4
1
11
25
138
33 i
27
20
44
17
20
28
130
26
21
24
126
15
15
23
139
18
11
16
144
8
2
2
32
3,579
347
790
59
58
254
256
16
496
587
574
191
157
30
0
12
33
128
19
8
26
144
9
26
72
120
36
17
21
64
41
27
59
139
56
18
16
39
64
6
87
339
567
391
145
165
28
4
10
6
4
1
2
1
10
1
17
16
2
65
1
13
1
28
1
730
318
289
24
37
3
33
6
6
1
37
5
12
328
55
100
7
33
5,440
14
2
4
1
56
4
9,049
7,104
1,014
17
152
132
608
1,233
8
1,456
>
182
9
o
1
9
16
3
2
426
1
1
122
1
2
1
134
1
7
447
1
1
6
0
769
1
3
190
2
1
1
143
1
3
1
273
1
o
6
1
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
19
"5
10
816
690
49
4
11
5
40
94
1
4
1
9:55
617
22
3
1
6
774
616
27
4
3
3
837
674
19
1
5
0
6
808
554
31
3
10
1
42
132
3
9
5
1
941
623
77
1
27
7
72
148
3
5
9
753
726
80
1
20
5
5
6
42
55
128
0
10
1
37
78
1
105
4
2
44
70
2
59
4
2
50
r
1
67
4
1
79
4
1
2
73
4
16
62
113
26
639
50
2
30
4
52
6
1"4
65
8
71
97
1
3
228
1
10
282
286
1
33
1
o
17
6
3
3
17
13, 279
502
14, 318
628
11, 275
588
13,580
C21
14, 4G3
593
18,455
729
19,500
742
194, 800 8, 505
680
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS
TABLE CVIL— UNITED STATES ARMY— Continued.
YEAK
1804.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
76, 013.
76, 225.
74, 391.
84, 444.
89, 938.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
forward
19, 533
7
626
981
6
3
19, 871
10
45
554
9
17
4
3
23
161
16
70
11
6
1
2°1
908
6
3
18, 140
9
64
534
13
6
4
2
6
189
6
21
1
5
o
874
7
o
17, 218
5
43
523
784
4
1
15, 138
3
35
479
8
5
10
11
261
4
555
:
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDEH I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
H ^
¥>' ° ?f .
5
20
5
3
18
174
7
104
13
9
1
185
5
134
3
19
4
16
23
1
16
4
1
10
3
3
6
14
3
2
9
192
o
4
11
1
r3 Infl mmation of Brain
2
2
2
12
2
1
r .
3
} •
4
11
1
3
o
5
2
2
n
8
f th' O 1
3
5
1
161
2
51
o
ORDEH II. — Diseases of Eye.
1
4
240
62. Cataract
193
5
139
9
128
3
23
1
90
7
16
18
38
19
66. Other Diseases of this Order
10
27
1
10
29
ORDER 111.— Diseases of Ear.
67. Inflammation of Internal Ear.
68. Deafness
49
38
9
33
15
8
15
69. Otorrhcea
70. Other Diseases of this Order
3
1
11
7
1
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
71. Aneurism
1
2
7
2
3
72. Valvular Disease of Heart
15
9
4
2
11
3
1
19
10
1
7
1
24
9
4
5
1
8
5
5
3
27
16
o
3
5
8
1
2
3
4
2
1
1
73. Dropsy from Heart Disease
74. Dropsy of Pericardium
75. Inflammation of Pericardium
7C. Inflammation of Endocardium
77. Inflammation of Veins
1
8
7
5
20
540
72
6
10
121
3GO
1C7
4
33
388
78. Varicose Veins
16
11
20
22
426
G8
9
7
56
233
155
8
16
540
787
78
3
81
152
6
2
13
85
2°
16
15
7
2
55
833
196
2
1
124
594
204
12
35
°90
79. Varicocele
16
2
34
80. Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
8
4
2
1
3
136
10
2
1
1
51
682
130
6
15
1
1
6
8
3
1
14
3
2
OUDEU V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. Asthma
82. Acute Bronchitis
7
5
1
1
1
103
4
3
2
445
67
9
4
108
192
165
20
8
379
595
40
1
4
6
83. Chronic Bronchitis
84. Dropsy of Chest
85. Haemorrhage from Nose
86. Inflammation of Larynx
1
68
5
1
o
2
177
330
194
20
12
287
610
35
1
45
105
2
87
6
3
o
3
125
9
1
3
87. Inflammation of Lungs
88. Inflammation of Pleura. ..
89. Haemorrhage from Lungs
90. Other Diseases of this Order
10
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs.
91. Colic
92. Constipation
840
94
3
67
169
1
1
1
2
15
1
550
9
93. Cholera Morbus
1
1
94. Cirrhosis of Liver
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
16
1
7
1
42
71
1
1
12
101
15
43
126
9
96. Dyspepsia
!)7. Diseases of Pancreas . . .
98. Diseases of Spleen
5
7
112
10
1
2
8
94
f>9. Fistula in Ano
100. Hernia
79
1
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach
1
3
Carried forward
24, 016
1,242
24, 132
1,096
21, 792
1,024
21, 329
958
19, 525
770
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G5.
687
TABLE C VII.— UNITED STATES ARMY— Continued.
18O4.
1865.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
88,336.
92, 590.
89, 965.
93, 685.
100, 807.
98, 316.
105, 009.
89, 143.
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
83
83
84
£5
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
gg
100
101
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
13,279
4
67
477
8
6
9
9
4
250
13
502
4
6
14, 318
7
36
540
7
7
4
5
3
298
628
11
3
11, 275
4
46
417
3
5
1
588
3
1
13, 580
10
51
417
8
4
1
3
5
239
8
6
7
4
0
621
10
7
14, 493
9
42
443
5
3
12
593
7
4
18, 455
5
40
642
729
10
3
19,500
4
55
755
3
12
2
3
15
218
7
32
13
6
2
233
742
6
o
194, 800
77
549
6,407
87
107
56
41
135
2,817
107
107
52
22
2 41^
8,505
60
38
1
4
3
1
12
8
1
r
109
46
2*
r
2
23
32
25
5
5
11
2
1
9
o
8
33
4
1
9
3
6
1
14
5
2
1
1
2
6
1
4
276
20
30
313
8
5
44
3
1
263
15
96
5
21
5
12
246
1
1
2
8
4
1
2
2
5
12
4
9
5
275
3
o
6
1
1
1
1
1
4
o
1
12
1
134
8
41
6
18
13
16
2
162
6
40
4
14
9
28
7
150
195
5
21
.T
10
55
6
14
6
23
3
1
17
10
6
9
90
3
13
154
7
24
88
1 039
66
238
120
312
119
10
214
126
32
39
16
4
196
122
38
401
10, 670
1,270
78
92
1,499
6,265
3,305
205
405
4,408
7,903
559
14
783
1,391
8
13->
1,115
34
1-
21
10
13
12
19
°9
18
1
3
13
5
1
1
1
34
1
2
22
10
3
4
3
o
04
4
3
3
15
20
8
4
2
1
4
13
7
5
2
2
71
82
40
31
15
1
1
18
9
0
6
5
1
3
1
20
7
1
6
1
1
17
1°
7
8
1
4
13
14
6
2
0
o
2
8
2
6
o
5
11
10
6
3
9
7
4
2
4
1
1
9
16
1
23
1,411
99
7
8
324
639
343
21
101
335
551
23
1
56
84
16
6
19
6
1
18
1,138
141
1
69
704
397
13
306
530
17
6
24
13
2
36
496
122
9
13
53
336
250
16
483
913
1
7
1
41
695
85
9
6
96
357
259
rJi
18
377
1
31
1,796
104
7
9
151
979
418
23
81
355
2
3
24
12
1
2
18
10
3
2
1
23
82-J
65
8
63
598
317
9
13
408
661
44
"~
1
4
9
4
2
1
4
5
3
10
118
85
28
3
19
2,301
103
33
63
4
3
10
3
128
5
44
1,386
121
2
6
157
943
376
41
280
491
3
8
9
1
1
2
209
14
4
3
18
8
3
6
8
3
o
400
10
5
14
1
351
12
4
10
o
2
300
12
3
1
815
4
7
6
1
180
11
1
3
127
6
2
5
1
636
15
2
128
87
739
46
4
62
120
9
2
163
5
1
7
1
3
92
88
4
]
50
104
5
35
137
13
16
82
148
1
3
13
18
1
11
83
4
1
i
100
1
5
6
15
114
5
1
14
90
0
15
93
5
70
94
1
1
1
1
1
2
18, 592
803
20, 468
1,151
16,509
1,044
18,353
1,040
19,166
933
23,051
1,026
24,454
994
251,387
12,081
688
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS
TABLE CVII.— UNITED STATES ARMY— Concluded.
1SG4.
YEAH
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
76,013.
7G, 225.
74, 391.
84, 444.
89, 938.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. ! Deaths.
rd
24, 016 1, 242
14 1
141
24, 132
10
269
57
25
4
87
45
403
133
14
11
1,096
o
2
o
9
2
3
2
3
1
21,792
3
95
17
34
1,024
1
21, 329
4
296
47
30
7
35
26
250
155
958
1
1
6
7
2
1
19, 525
1
306
48
12
3
30
19
314
136
17
10
1
33
1
3
39
11
°7
770
1
4
4
2
ODDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
1C*. Hsemorr age om
21
3
8
in- l"fla f 13
28 10
3
°' " • T> '.
61 3
23 4
270 4
132 2
10
45
18
333
154
20
1
3
4
1
2
16
14
1
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
19
15
1 ••
3
19
24 2
2 '
26
1
13
33
11
22
4
2
7
0
o
' '
00
14
26
18
21
11
3
2
8
22
0
14
51
11
30
5
11
1
4
15
1
1
1
22
1
3
1
5 i 1
17 :
120 Ilydrocele
5
9
4
3
6
25
5
8
1
3
17
1
9
5
1°1 Other Diseases of this Order
3
ORDEU VIII. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
3
1
22
1
3 !
4
2
3
4
103
192
3
4
8
1
o
4
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System
129. Abscess
76
1
73
179
17
18
101
7
135
77
175
98
187
4
o
130. Boils
179
131. Carbuncle
18
4
31
149
13
90
1
2
29
132. Whitlow
17
133. Skin Diseases
126
88
102
43
125
6
1
CLASS V. —WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER 1. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
14 1
95
135. Contusions
1
2
8
1
155
5
1
1
13C. Concussion of Brain
3 1
30
1
o
137. Drowning
1
138. Strains
160
179
5
6
1
320
57
32
157
178
4
7
9
510
78
°7
230
139. Dislocation
1
7
3
140. Simple Fractures
4
13
209
87
141. Compound Fractures
o
4
102
142. Gunshot Wounds
982 52
PK>
133
996
57
86
18
1
73
48
1
56
143. Incised Wounds
144. Lacerated Wounds T«
24
31
1
13
145. Punctured Wounds
40
3°
19
6
5
1
14G. Poisoning
3 1
30 2
1
4
1
3
1
147. Other Accidents and Injuries. .
1
^
3
148. ORDER II. — Uom. icide
149. ORDER III.— Suicide
150. ORDER IV .—Execution of Sentence
1
'
1
Total
26,719 1,357
26, 584 1, 275
24, 617
1,109
23,760 : 1,096
21, 814
856
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18U5.
689
TABLE CVIL— UNITED STATES ARMY— Concluded.
1804.
18(35.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEURUAUY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
88, 336.
92, 590.
89, 965.
93, 685.
100, 607.
<J8, 316.
105, 009.
69, 143.
102
103
104
103
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
m>
120
121
122
1 O'l
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
13<j
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
14<J
147
148
149
1 50
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases. Deaths.
18, 592
o
3C9
21
14
4
40
17
103
125
12
28
803
20, 468
5
270
39
31
7
36
17
162
121
30
19
1,151
2
16,509 i,044
9
18, 353
4
261
11
43
5
29
52
177
129
1,040
19, 106
3
268
16
12
9
66
24
155
99
24
2°
933
1
23, 051
20
1,026
1
24,454
C
171
20
47
12
56
24
256
174
50
23
6
3Z
i
12
994
5
1
9
19
11
5
3
251, 367
81
3,020
343
331
75
590
313
2,789
1, 593
294
215
12,081
16
G
48
95
3fi
29
26
32
6
5
299 1
22 4
10 6
7 6
4
5
0
4
0
3
4
10
5
4
4
1
5
3
3
o
2
24
45
14
77
35
144
165
60
7
10
3
5
1
4
2
4
1
4
1
2
13 2
160 ; 3
70
15 | 1
20
26
13
3
16
1
5 1
20 8
4
11
1
6
4
22
0
1
5
31
248
9
148
392
173
277
3
40
23
1
16
35
9
20
5
7
4
4
1
2
3
2
67
138
11
21
88
45
159
1
5
26
1
15
24
3
1
16
6
29
21
30
3
5
4
12
5
28
12
11
3
7
3
4
25
12
1
11
8
1
2
1
3
42
24
20
7
9
5
1
27
1
1
35
19
31
4
6
4
6
30
7
9
3
1
1
20 1
22
20
5
8
1
5
37
1
1
o
64
74
33
66
280
27
38
40
17
1,013
2,016
94
319
1,417
399
1,744
31
1
5
0
3
1
1
2
13
1
1
2
25
16
1
6
o
1
4
3
3
1
3
1
2
1
3
3
7
90
166
8
23
1
64
151
1
71 1
138
97
114
4
39
1
2
91
192
8
40
171
2
106
205
6
35
110
20
11
0
4
47 ...
110
78
214
0
1
Ill ! 1
54 1
145 ...
114
41
144
0
147
35
153
1
3
9
13
75
24
1
1
1
g
1
3
169
3
2
154
C
1 j
1 '
15
1
1
1
8
232
5
7
5
548
68
42
32
3
3~3
070
207
236
8
6
1
113
75
26
23
3
62
2'.;s
264
254
13
9
2 G07
1
91
1
1
5
1
98
83
32
29
7:31
12
6
8
13
79
80
24
4,527
879
427
362
53
1,007
1
12
11
719
2
7
6
50
8
4
o
48
8 ,
1
1
31
4
3
54
1
36
18
210 31
84
417
67
34
37
3
90
73
40
96
23
39
6
15
1
19
1
1
1
44
35
3
25
1
4
1
19
1
3
o
5
13
1
7
1
12
252 8
1
4
0
1
0
14
1
21
21,33!)
939 • 23,271 1,253
18, 733 1, 121
20,359 1,114
21, 524
1,052
25, 318
1,135
26, C24
1,104 280,602 13,411
SICKNESS, ETC., DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G6. 691
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS DURING THE FISCAL
YEAR FOLLOWING THE WAR,
JULY 1, 1865, TO JUNE 30, 1866.)
As in the case of the white troops, it has been thought advisable to present a synopsis
of the sickness and mortality of the colored troops during the year following the war,
This is done in three tables, as follows:
1. The Atlantic Region - - - Table OVIII.
2. The Central Region - Table CIX.
3. Consolidated table for the United States ... - Table CX.
*.
To these has been added —
A General Summary ....... Table CXI,
which completes the tables on the sickness and mortality of colored troops.
692
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLOEED TROOPS
TABLE CYIII.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
TEAK
1805.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
22, 584.
21, 547.
16, 883.
12, 735.
12, 162.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. ; Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. ' Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1. ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
88
31
1
28
27
15
20
4
329
23
o
18
24
20
9
7
1. TJI 10
67
219
27
135
30
34
7
- ' ° "
4GS
533
9
429
632
20
463
750
392
84
°2
369
45
81
5
4
6
4
10
4
1
291
430
619
89
174
41
49
5
1
27
11
1
92
355
317
58
12
204
6
73
4
5
' '' •*» *T.'
425
1
401
43
8
C96
3G
165
11
6
23
1
1
4
2
14
5
2
1
4
1
1
. er an
9
1,023
45
209
4
65
1
10
45
17
6
3
7
15
4
1
2
13
10
4
0
o
1
19
3
12
8
17
1
6
1
91
7
259
100
141
9
4
1
7
107
17
219
87
153
10
3
0
14
115
1
88
19
162
71
82
o
75
11
88
94
130
31
70
80
76
8
3
6
5
1
ORDER 11. — Enthetic Diseases.
22. S vi'liilis
23. Gonorrhoea
24. Orchitis
12
o
23
9
25. Stricture of the Urethra
1
26. Purulent Ophthalmia
27.*Serpent Bite
28. Other Diseases of this Order
3
75
7
1
49
1
ORDEU Hl.—Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
1
o
33
6
1
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Treraens
32. Inebriation
1
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
30. Acute TJheumatism
122
54
25
1
2
1
92
31
8
67 _
20 '
4
29
20
9
1
6
1
1
1
1
43
46
37. Chronic Rheumatism
38. Anajmia
1
3!). Cancer
40. Tumors
0
3
3
0
41. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
11
17
1
11
20
11
1
10
25
10
9
10
10
1
6
8
5
1
43. .Scrofula
44. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itoli
60
45
45
r">
4(i. Tape-worm
47. Other Intestinal Worms
3
3
3
1
i
48. Other Diseases of this Order .. .
Carried forward
3, 9C4 192
3,543
116 3,282
113
2,481
137
1,787
62
DUKING THE YEAK ENDING JUNE 30, I860.
693
TABLE CVIIL
of Colored Troops in the Atlantic Region.
1805.
1866.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL. MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
9, 205.
C, 251.
4, 907.
5, 371.
4, 522.
2, 370.
2, 001.
10, 055.
1
o
3
4
5
6
7
H
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
10
17
18
19
20
•-."'
23
24
2<;
27
28
29
30
31
33
34
35
30
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1
1
2
1
1
o
1
1
179
4
801
101
3
118
6
1
4
1
1
1
55
220
233
8
37
91
2
17
23
16
34
53
7
25
18
9
1
0
5
9
0
50
1, 851
3,120
2,604
372
80
3,030
651
59
21
301
90
03
5
4
1
122
34
18
1
148
1
71
1
75
o
1
1
77
13
13
1
101
6
13
1
90
6
15
1
3
85
107
108
3
10
1
30
2
4
39
4
4
2
14
10
3
3
2
1
3
2
2
o
3
44
27
43
o
i--<J
08
1
24
24
30
10
3
8
5
1
37
<-O
10
74
94
7
3
30
3
8
33
0
7
33
7
88
38
6
1
4
4
12
8
28
1
3
3
10
8
1
27
7
53
39
3
2°1
1
11
83
7
17
10
3
851
7<>1
24
CO
3
1
19
1
1
808
87
13
Q
1
1
o
g
23
1
9
o
3
1
1
4
34
244
1
3
4
23
1
4
5
1
1
1
3
1
1
29
24
29
10
10
11
6
4
0
14
1
472
284
54
1
17
o
5
4
1 i
8
5
l
•12
24
1
1
i ""
]
4
1
1
28
4
3
3
5
1
5
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
CO
97
1
459
C9
6
1
3
1
29
33
53
38
17
18
11
1,105
38
696
40 504
26
575
34
375
15
133
10
226
3 18,071 780
694
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS
TABLE CVIII.— ATLANTIC REGION— Continued.
•
1805.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMISEU.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MEAN STRENGTH
22, 584.
21, 547.
16, 883.
12, 735
12, 162.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
3,964
1
4
257
192
1
3,543
116
1
3,282
1
116
113
1
1
2,481
1
2
59
137
1, 757
1
66
62
CLASS IV,— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
o
1
135
1
o
oo
3
7
1
2
12
1
10
18
o
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
|
19
20
31
1
°8
1
1
15
1
7
1
0
1
59. Sun-stroke
3
4
0
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
1
1
0
19
31
1
21
14
1
20
1
6
9
6
1
'' " .
1
1°
ORDEU 111. — Diseases of Ear.
3
1
3
1
3
1
1
11
5
o
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
7
3
3
4
o
1
0
3
1
3
3
1
4
4
2
73. Dropsy from Heart Disease
1
o
1
2
1
1
1
. . 1
o
4
1
3
1
1
3
2
3
58
• 1
4
3
60. Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
OUDEU V. — Diseases of Respirator ij Organs.
81. Asthma
6
89
43
4
105
5
3
34
2
7
83
1
2
1
1
£3 Chronic Bronchitis
1
8
1
1
o
o
86. Inflammation of Larynx
1
45
33
6
8
33
26
3
18
22
3
50
9
1
3
33
35
6
47
17
2
87. Inflammation of Lungs
14
4
1
12
1
1
11
2
3
16
68. Inflammation of Pleura
89. Haemorrhage from Limps
90. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs.
91. Colic
102
159
69
121
9
44
64
15
25
9?. Constipation
1
41
1
93. Cholera Morbus
21
2
4
91. Cirrhosis of Liver
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
9
14
1
6
4
3
19
2
8
1
5
7
1
96. Dyspepsia
97. Diseases of Pancreas
!'R Diseases of Spleen
1
1
f'9. Fistula in Ano
1
9
0
100. Hernia
19
1
1
c
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach
1
Carried forward
4,899
240
4,225
148
3,743
138
2,850
150
2,197
81
DUEING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 180(5.
695
TABLE CVIIL— ATLANTIC REGION— Continued.
1865.
1866.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
9, 263.
6, 251.
4, 907.
5, 371.
4, 522.
2, 370.
2, 001.
10, 055.
49
50
51
52
53
54
53
56
57
58
60
61
62
63
G4
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
76
78
79
80
H
83
83
84
£5
80
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases, i Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
1,105
1
38
1
1
C96
40
504
26
575
34
375
15
133
10
226
1
3
18, 671
6
15
8u8
5
30
1
10
J53
4
48
3
130
4
110
3
°0
78S
4
3
j
1
33
1
2
20
53
1
0} '
21
13
11
!
l
1
1
1
1
10
11
1
10
11
7
2
3
1
3
1
7
6
1
1
4
15
5
10
9
7
1
3
0
1
1
2
1
1
3
1
1
3
3
3G
2
2
3
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
26
14
C
4
8
3
1
1
5
3
1
18
8
3
29
550
80
1
4
45
271
179
14
31
3L>7
1
1
1
4
1
1
58
;)
o
3
35
33
00
5
7
1"
7
3
12
10
1
4
5
20
19
1
G
2
1
79
8
5
7
1
14
12
5
11
12
G
6
8
0
3
3
2
7
35
13
G
8
51
2
3
11
1
;
]9
38
1
6
30
31
5
13
0
G35
56
•vO
78
1
4
1
1
1
7
1
-
1
2
2
9
3
i
2
2
4
59
3
1
3
1
4
3
1
5 i
1
1
1
1,292
48 |
944
49
665
32
762
40
504
19
183
10
284
G 22, 551
961
i
696
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS
TABLE CVIIL— ATLANTIC REGION— Concluded.
YEAR
18(35.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
22, 584.
21,547.
16, 883.
12, 735.
12, 162.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
4,899
1
19
6
10
1
11
106
25
240
1
4,225
5
31
7
1
1
16
6
61
22
148
3,743
1
49
3
7
138
2,850
5
12
1
3
o
5
150
2,197
o
81
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
1
1
1
1
15
6
8
3
1
1
2
o. u urn a o
1
1
2
1
15
8
45
16
3
3
1
1
1
21
12
1
3
1
1
Acme in. ii
1
41
11
1
1
1
1
2
o
1
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
2
1
o
2
1
3
1
1
1
7
4
1
8
3
o
6
o
4
o
4
o
1
1
5
120. llydrocele
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
ORDER V11I. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
1
o
3
4
1
o
126. Inflammation of Periosteum
1
1
2
11:7. Necrosis
1
2
1
2
128. Other Diseases of this Order
1
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System
1:29. Abscess
26
60
1
G
28
21
62
4
5
49
5
1°
14
33
0
12
16
1
3
9
8
1
130. Hoils
50
131. Carbuncle
IC2. Whitlow
3
23
2
13
4
7
1
6
133. Skiu Diseases
1
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
OBDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
1
26
135. Contusions
136. Concussion of Brain
1
lr>7. Drowning
"
1L£. Sprains
21
°5
18
1
1
8
.
139. Dislocation
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
5
13
1
140. Simple Fractures
1
141. Compound Fractures
1
o
142. (iunshot Wounds
22
15
7
5
2
9
13
3
8
5
10
18
2
5
6
5
2
3
o
3
143. Incised Wounds
144. Lacerated Wounds
1
145. Punctured Wounds
3
140. Poisoning-
147. Other Accidents and Injuries
1
1
<>
o
2
1
0
148. ORDER II.— Homicide
1 49. ORDER III. Suicide
1
1*><>. ORDER IV.— Execution of Sentence.
o
Total
3,046
5, 353 • 256
4,620
163
4,072
151
157
2,376
94
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18GC.
697
TABLE C VIII.— ATLANTIC REGION— Concluded.
1865.
1866.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE. TOTAL.
9, 265.
6, 251.
4, 907.
5, 371.
4, 522.
2, 37G.
2, OG1.
10, 055.
102
103
104
105
100
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
110
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
12C
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
14'j
147
148
149
150
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases, Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
1,292
48
944
49
*
6G5
32
7C2
40
504
19
186
10
284
6
22, 551
14
231
26
37
4
GO
30
315
106
14
12
o
11
9G1
1
0
5
5
1
5
1
2
24
1
20
23
24
8
5
1
0
1
1
5
2
o
1
18
8
1
3
1
6
G
4
2
9
2
2
o
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
1
2
1
1
4
1
1
33
13
20
1
1
1
1
2
o
4
1
20
3
1
3
3
6
11
124
321
1
1
2
5
6
6
1
3
8
7
13
2
1
4
9
3
4
9
l(i
9
22
5
°0
1
o
15
3
2
2
1
3
4
15
41
16G
38
139
1
o
G
3
8
7
12
4
1°
3
10
1
o
14
15
4
C
0
1
1
G
13
G
13
14
5
1
4
133
7
8
1
87
110
30
35
2
1
1
1
1
11
2
3
4
4
9
1
4
1
4
7
2
3
9
10
9
3
6
5
,
0
o
1
1
1
1
1
j
26
1
o
2
3G
5
3
1 1
. j!
2
1, 4"8
55
1,097
53
778
36
916
4U
574
£2
227
10 | 3£»
7 I 24,820
1,044
88
698
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLOKED TROOPS
TABLE CIX.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1865.
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
81, 020.
74, 388.
74,
Cases.
335.
C3.291.
53, 844.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1. ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
137
71
75
2
252
47
o
38
53
1
173
38
36
30
13
19
3C7
49
25
112
41
52
12
1,830
2,806
1,990
75
45
5,246
496
1, 059
135
51
40
98
49
3
3
1
t£i
56
116
81
14
3
9
22
1, 627
3, 226
2,577
123
84
3,554
392
839
87
24
oy
26
52
1
o
1,407
3,853
3,222
132
47
2
1,040
3,678
3,039
33
628
1,716
1,776
"83
17
1
133
112
2,696
263
787
76
14
82
11
67
109
77
12
3
11
4
119
3,274
557
644
176
13
49
13
24
56
94
64
35
1
10
1
19
18
94
56
c»O
35
1,470
175
439
65
11
180
10
13
13
50
36
1
44
25
18 Diphtheria
5
192
o
19
101
110
437
196
238
44
3
10
4
5
3, 2r,2
4
9
58
63
418
213
205
3
10
83
105
1
11
14
94
4
1
19 Mumps
1
42
21. Other Diseases of this Order
512
251
18
22
25
1
411
2-13
241
16
1
165
229
193
3
ORDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22. Syphilis
23. Gonorrhoea
264
38
3
9
24. Orchitis
31
2
34
2
1
40
6
o
25. Stricture of the Urethra
26. Purulent Ophthalmia
27. Serpent Bite
1
o
28. Other Diseases of this Order
3
1,646
5
1
392
1
17
112
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
1, 964
o
23
69
3
17
4
10
4
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens
32. Inebriation
1
o
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order...
1
~
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
OIIDEU l.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
30'. Acute Kheumatism
583
533
97
3
4
o
411
438
78
1
4
1
39
83
5
4
10
402
330
80
1
1
4
316
236
51
1
4
8
270
252
17
37. Chronic Kheumatism
38. Anaumia
1
39. Cancer
40. Tumors
7
6
43
9(i
4
3
76
6
9
1
14
42
41. Other Diseases of this Order
1
39
1
31
2
1
1
30
1
OUDI:U 11.— Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
15
37
29
1
*»C
1
43. Scrofula
44. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
43. Itch
46. Tape-worm
1
7
47. Other Intestinal Worms
18
10
1
5
6
48. Other Diseases of this Order
Carried forward
19, 168
590
18, 477
585
17, 347
488
14, 322
415
8, 223
260
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1866.
699
TABLE CIX.
of Colored Troops in the Central Region.
1805.
18GG.
DECEMBEK.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
55, 955.
47, G22.
37, 029.
28, 506.
18, 088.
13, H43.
10, 825.
4G, 562.
1
o
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1G
17
18
19
20
22
23
24
25
27
29
30
31
33
34
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
41
45
46
47
18
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
18
12
I
10
12
4
3
1
5
4
6
o
G
o
1
0
2
357
3
1,082
2:>8
4
193
50
35
6
18
17
4
5
0
1
1
2'JG
1,324
1,132
26
20
1,675
143
403
32
44
273
9
7
215
783
781
56
31
1,153
137
282
25
61
253
9
6
175
576
608
16
2
187
3GO
380
5
6
531
34
1GG
7
24
281
5
2
104
180
2G3
4
3
90
157
o
112
172
o
7,711
18, 831
16, 343
675
4G3
21, 334
2,313
5,154
629
307
1,647
185
222
6
8
1
107
235
584
378
133
24
658
28
1
1
227
18
7
273
5
84
1
5
39
288
4
3
305
5
87
3
1
27
4
6
47
28
15
4
145
1
5
8
29
13
10
7
117
1
790
89
213
16
48
2G7
3
4
8
. 18
9
5
3
109
4
1
16
6
1
2
3G7
17
91
G
11
129
2
5
4
1
1
62
5
2
1
2
1
7
108
11
10
84
307
156
342
2(17
37
6
43
171
5
25
157
4
2
1
85
652
1,289
10
2
36
114
46
148
96
15
14
2T
16
32
41
50
6
1
1
o
81
7
29
6
128
230
3
65
172
1"0
4
1
2
102
3
1
2, 398
2,196
2,000
103
3
224
G3
4
1
3
39
9
26
20
1
304
22
37
7
114
7, 551
17
3
3
6
12
CO
15
12
17
25
5
14
13
23
12
1
o
38
2
o
17
130
8
1
!
1
1
4
1
20
3
2,977
2,480
352
0
63
11
203
4P4
1
1
18
1
1
3
3
326
190
244
187
9
1
4
203
132
5
1
3
98
88
o
51
37
1
43
37
30
26
1
13
17
31
1
1
0
2
1
1
C
1
6
3
4
1
4
236
8
1
1
7
13
35
14
21
39
24
1
15
34
12
6
24
17
1
0
G
2
4
]
4
4
1
P5
110
1
6
! 82
93
53
15
5
854
2
55
1
1
j 1
I
1
7,474
305
5,332
237 3, 976
189
2,828
168
1,590
102
1,202 29
1, 285
23 101,22-1
3,391
700
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS
TABLE CIX.— CENTRAL REGION— Continued.
YEAR
1805.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
8.1,020.
74, 388.
74, 835.
63, 291
53, 844.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
19, 108
1
29
C8G
4
6
1
1
I'J
171
9
110
0
16
5
2(iO
590
1
18, 477
o
16
546
585
3
2
17, 347
5
20
394
7
9
488
3
14, 322
4
9
354
3
2
415
4
2
8, 223
1
12
221
260
1
2
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
OUDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
49. Apoplexy
' 1 P >
1
1
11
1
7
3
4
1
1
1
.
1
1
1
4
137
3
9
4
6
1
134
7
59
1
1
5
362
•if" N^l 1 ' ' i
8
226
3
48
6
oo
1
1
133
r~ N T •
58 Paralysis
3
3
1
9
3
2
3
119
1
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
4
1
85
6° Cataract
208
16
102
10
83
1
15
16
10
38
O
40
6
4
18
3
19
ORDER 111. — Diseases of Ear.
26
6
5
8
3
68. Deafness
11
39
1
2
12
(i'J. Otorrhcea
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
72. Valvular Disease of Heart
8
11
2
2
6
9
4
2
1
5
|
1
4
8
6
5
2
4
3
3
4
2
1
1
1
2
74. Dropsy of Pericardium
75. Inflammation of Pericardium
1
1
7G. Inflammation of Endocardium
1
77. Inflammation of Veins
2
5
78. Varicose Veins
13
8
19
42
•;
7
4
2
79. Varicocele
...
3
7
11
411
68
f)
40
154
114
4
11
146
80. Other Diseases of this Order
1
2
I
2
1
16
43
1
1
°S
2
1
2
1
OuDEll V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. Asthma
A.«)
282
56
5
15
14
300
59
3
45
111
105
9
O
280
82. Acute Bronchitis
300
1
1
1
1
27
3
1
83. Chronic bronchitis
90
11
19
29
180
1150
7
4
1
4
2
84. Dropsy of Chest
85. Haemorrhage from Nose
86. Inflammation of Larynx
1
04
6
36
143
132
8
1
87. Inflammation of Limps
50
4
1
119
110
6
7
35
4
31
3
1
2
88. Inflammation of Pleura
89. Haemorrhage from Limps . .
90. Other Diseases of this Order
o
3
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
01. Colic
445
1
02. Constipation
675
507
93. Cholera Morbus
86
10
74
75
4
61
o
49
3
44
1
14 2
15
1
23
38
91. Cirrhosis of Liver
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
16
49
84
8
9
23
71
5
1
90. Dvspepsia
97. Diseases of Pancreas
98. Diseases of Spleen
1
18
3
'.'9. Fistula in Auo
100. Hernia
8
10
6
o<-
101. Haemorrhage from Stomacli
1
3
1
Carried forward
23, 092
739
21, 565
676
19, 845
569
16, 539 479
10, 068
313
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18CG.
701
TABLE CIX.— CENTRAL KEGIOX— Continued.
1805.
18(K>.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
55, 955.
47, 622.
37, 029.
28, 500.
18, G88.
13, 313.
10, 825.
46, 562.
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
06
07
68
09
70
71
72
73
74
75
70
77
>
7'J
80
81
8:3
83
84
65
80
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
7,474
305
5,332
1
5
186
237
3,976
189
2,828
1
4
121
168
1
1
1, 590
J02
1,202
1
3
44
2
1
1,285
23
101, 224
18
121
3,003
20
3
4
43
1,312
172
27
54
9
1, 129
43
363
19
120
35
155
11
3,391
15
10
3
1
32
8
4
2
11
213
2
1
1
1
10
115
o
84
39
1
1
1
0
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
123
1
88
1
1
57
1
1
24
108
1
61
1
16
1
o
1
11
4
1
2
1
1
3
9
o
1
56
84
50
51
1
4
24
3
4
1
24
34
1
8
4
2
1
12
12
2
8
1
6
3
10
g
0
5
4
4
5
1
0
3
0
5
o
1
1
1
2
5
1
5
6
1
3 2
2- 1
0
1
1
1
•1
40
34
8
12
o
60
20
36
141
3,130
453
21
46
437
1,476
1, 17P
50
13.T
1,843
3,379
28
10
8
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
17
1
3
9
400
41
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
8
500
50
2
C
3
20
10
5
1
4
419
34
7
10
3
5
289
24
4
108
17
3
58
4
35
o
4
1
4
6
1
1
55
3
1
1
1
1
"
1
26
1
I
23
33
3
14
21
2
1
11
12
82
265
163
1
35
133
?09
6
2
57
6
52
399
181
3
20
go
()7
3
1
49
3
1
1
152
94
5
-.8
49
°01
36
2
1
108
81
4
10
24
140
8
3
4
18
43
:
19
11
23
5
2
4
0<J
24
31°
91
04
10
48
3
10
283
20
2-~4
481
9
3
1
3
12
33
6
12
4'}
2
7
1
"
3
°7
4
2
1
1
1
56
6
49
416
11
29
1
j-;
1
on
6
1
1
1
1
1
4, 148
9, 552
393 7, 225
309
5,276
238
3, 653
224
2,061
134
1, 524
39
1, 560 35
121,960
702
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS
TABLE CIX.— CENTRAL REGION— Concluded.
18(35.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
MKAX STRENGTH
81, 020.
74, 388.
74, 835,
63, 291.
53, 844.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
rd
23, 092 739
6 4
89
21, 565
5
109
676
19, 845
6
131
16
10
o
51
14
123
87
11
10
4
14
569
2
16, 539
3
125
479
2
10, 068
2
143
313
1
ORDER VI.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
103. Inflammation of Tonsils
16 , 4
34 5
2 3
46 4
12 1
165 1
120 1
15 '
17
25
5
36
20
162
110
15
4
13
5
4
1
1
2
5
4
2
12
17
1
9
8
103
64
15
8
6
1
2
1
2
6
1
6
1
13
14
79
63
6
4
107. Aeu e In amma o
1
ORDER VIL— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs,
10
14
2
19
1
7
1
3
3 1
13 \ 4
1
o
1
1
3
3
*• K f P
lo. sc ises
1
13
3
14
3
2
2
.-,
f K'l
32 2
12 1
18 !... .
23
12
35
26
8
21
1
2
2
2
12
1
2
2
2
1
9
3
4
1
3
0
1
1
5
3
4
4
2
13
3 .
1
~
ORDER V11I. — Diseases of Bones and Joints.
123 Caries - - - '--
1
3
4
27 :.
5
4
4
2
2
3
1
1
8
102
245
6
51
160
17
129
1
1
56
170
6
22
240
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System
106
87
335
17
80
189
18
112
2
1
53
130. Boils
254
125
131. Carbuncle .
11 '
7
15
132. Whitlow
49
133. Skin Diseases
133
104
19
146
2
CLASS V. —WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
23
135. Contusions
136. Concussion of Brain
114 ; 1
1 2
U
1
7
93
1
1
137. Drowning
o
138. Sprains
19°
201
15°
149
6
6
146
4
139. Dislocation
9
10
3
3
3
1
48
102
26
44
1
14
140. Simple Fractures
s
141. Compound Fractures o
2
42
126
27
54
10
10
1
34
69
18
33
1
2
142. Gunshot Wounds
27 ', 8
109
rii
9
14
39
106
20
31
1
5
10
1
14
1
143. Incised Wounds
144. Lacerated Wounds
2
145. Punctured Wounds 39
1
146. Poisoning 7
147. Other Accidents and Injuries TA
2
3
1
1
148. ORDER II. — Homicide
i
2
1 49. O RDER 1 1 1. — Suicide
1
3
150. ORDER IV.— Execution of Sentence ! 9
Total
j
24, 855 j 797
23, 534
731
21, 516
613
17,917
515
11, 225
342
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18GO.
703
TABLE CIX.— CENTRAL REGION— Concluded.
1865.
18<>(3.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNK.
TOTAL.
55, 955.
47, 622.
37, 029.
28, 503.
18, 068.
13, 343.
10, 825.
46, 5G2.
102
103
104
105
10G
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
140
147
148
149
J50
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths
I Cases. Deaths.
9,552
393
7,225
309
5,276
3
167
4
6
238
3,653
224
2,061
134
1,524
1
2°
39
1, 560
35
121, %0
26
1,243
100
131
13
2-10
141
7<>9
589
82
64
12
63
1
7
152
55
110
13
29
12
16
86
5
29
9
11
605
1,618
. 4,148
9
1
16
40
2L
1C
14
4
1
1
161
10
11
1
18
5
61
49
10
8
155
9
10
1
28
3
28
25
1
78
4
3
1
4°
21
2
4
3
o
2
1
o
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
11
10
38
32
8
12
6
10
4
7
1
0
1
1
2
15
14
12
1
1
1
18
4
2
1
2
18
18
3
3
4
4
1
1
3
1
1
4
17
4
4
1
2
1
1
i
1
14
7
8
1
10
3
5
1
19
5
2
o
1
3
1
1
7
o
1
1
3
3
6
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
2
3
2
1
2
3
11
?
4
1
2
1
4
1
1
1
n
45
123
0
25
91
19
137
49
10°
o
45
69
"4
18
44
9
35
11
4°
3
74
2
17
55
4
9
39
23
89
1
f,
3
8
18
3
31
3
1
17
4
27
67
301
1,133
175
1, 093
10
10
51
10
56
14
36
4
50
°3
1
1
0
3
6
26
10J
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
138
4
8
33
79
24
33
130
g->
83
47
o
34
o
41
1
o
1,395
47
55
9
341
855
207
350
22
125
3
4
1
3
9
1
23
62
14
24
4
6
1
1
3
08
3
5
14
32
72
22
30
1C
1
6
37
48
10
16
3
1G
36
5
26
6
. • 12
1
1
5
20
2
3
6
1
22 3
1
23
22
1
1
24
3
5
4
1
1
7 i
o
3
15
15
1
5
1
1
| j
10, 720
425
8,212
342
6,101
261
4,243
238
2, 481 116
1,784 I 42 1,812
1
43
134,406 : 4,4'.r,
i
704
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS
TABLE CX.
Abstract of the Sickness and Mortality
YEAR
1865.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBEH.
NOVEMBER.
103, 604.
95, 935.
91, 718.
76, 02C.
66, 006.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases, i Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
CLASS 1. ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
OHDEU I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
225
102
1
77
102
2
471
62
0
65
79
5
502
61
o
43
60
50
oo
2G
434
247
77
86
19
2,268
3. 339
2,415
97
54
6, 209
541
1, 208
160
55
61
163
58
3
4
1
22
66
161
98
20
3
22
2,056
3,858
2,978
166
92
4,250
428
1,004
98
26
33
49
72
1
3
1
15
69
123
82
14
4
15
5
1,870
4,609
3, 614
216
151
3,643
602
725
181
17
55
17
63
6
1
1, 331
4,108
3,658
222
135
2,870
304
836
81
15
109
12
44
1
720
2,071
2,123
141
47
1,074
181
512
69
13
197
11
DO
2
27
63
109
68
36
1
12
1
32
20
110
60
34
15
14
69
38
15
1
50
33
18 Diphtheria
6
283
49
771
351
405
47
7
10
1
5
2,039
2
2
26 2
208 1
127 ---
23
173
74
506
307
341
43
4
2
4
12
171
124
1
13
89
125
4
1
20 Epidemic Catarrh
26
656
283
391
54
6
10
4
12
3,254
4
25
31
1
573
314
3°3
21
1
235
315
269
4
OitUEii 11. — Enthetic Diseases.
22. Syphilis .
24. Orchitis
57
4')
25. Stricture of the Urethra
3
1
6
2
26. Purulent Ophthalmia
27. Serpent Bite
28. Other Diseases of this Order
- 71
3
3
1,679
5
1
398
1
18
161
1
OIIDEII III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
24
17
4
10
5
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens
32. Inebriation
1
0
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
1
0
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
OUDEK l.—Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
36. Acute Rheumatism
705
587
122
4
6
3
503
4G9
86
1
7
1
50
109
5
4
10
469
350
84
1
1
4
345
262
60
1
o
5
9
1
313
298
lit
37. Chronic Rheumatism
38. Anajmia
2
31). Cancer
40. Tumors
9
6
54
118
7
3
39
101
11
1
20
50
41. Other Diseases of this Order
1
56
1
1
42
3
1
1
40
1
OiiDCit 11. — Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumpt ion
24
47
39
o
33
o
43. Scrofula
44. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
45. Itch
18o
132
116
1
10
SO
141
46. Tape-worm
1
47. Other Intestinal Worms "1 '
13
1
6
7
48. Other Diseases of this Order i
Carried forward
23, 132 782
22, 020
701
20,629
601
16, 80J
552
10, 010
322
DUHING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1866.
705
TABLE OX.
of Colored Troops in the United States Army.
1865.
1866.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
C">, 220.
53, 873.
41, 936.
33, 877.
22, 610.
15,719.
12, 886.
56, 017.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
23
24
25
26
27
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Jeaths.
Cases.
deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths,
18
13
1
11
13
6
4
2
1
5
5
8
3
6
o
1
3
2
536
7
1,883
339
7
311
56
39
6
19
22
4
6
3
1
1
351
1,550
1, 365
34
20
1,771
149
478
33
47
358
9
7
252
874
852
57
8
192
605
743
16
2
867
102
16
48
335
4
2
203
394
433
2
111
205
3
91
163
o
117
181
294
2
9,562
21, 957
19,007
1,047
549
24, 364
2,534
5, 805
688
3C'8
2,008
281
285
11
2
132
257
706
412
151
806
29
1
281
13
1
251
18
7
309
7
88
1
5
42
7
7
632
40
178
9
27
325
60
3
344
9
91
5
1
32
5
6
49
23
15
4
172
1
31
1,260
151
298
28
61
296
11
5
8
15
10
7
140
4
8
19
9
5
3
133
5
1
19
6
1
2
475
20
101
7
13
165
7
4
1
1
5
2
I
132
19
11
121
335
166
416
3G1
44
6
51
4
3
19
35
51
58
7
1
1
2
16
24
4
115
1,189
1, 510
13
2
27
184
72
225
159
23
43
147
53
236
134
21
18
41
130
204
81
14
46
55
12
7
139
313
3
4
1
o
3
1
3,249
2,087
2,868
127
.3
290
82
2J
4
3
2
3
391
35
46
7
148
7, 795
18
3
8
1
20
3
3, 449
2, 770
406
3
80
11
263
581
1
1,313
60
1
1
1
1
4
1
8
21
89
15
45
13
40
26
27
5
18
13
21
1
3
o
2
135
8
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
18
1
1
3
3
117
112
355
214
12
273
O-")O
144
5
1
3
6-'
58
1
1
49
41
36
40
2
1
15
22
35
1
1
4
r>o5
14
2
1
1
195
14
1
4
1
1
1
C
1
6
fi
3
4
1
8
17
3(i
113
18
24
42
29
20
37
13
6
27
20
1
3
8
o
5
4
4
2
1
139
n-.
146
91
32
23
1
G
1
1
1
8, 579
343
6,028
277 4, 480
215
3,403
202
1,905
in
1,335
39
1, 511
26
11 !!, 895 4,177
89
706
TABLE CX.— UNITED STATES ARMY— Continued.
YEAU
18G5.
MONTH
JULY.
AUGUST.
SEL'TEMIlEll.
OCTOHER.
NOVEMBER.
103,
G04.
95, 935.
91, 718.
7G, 026
GG, 006.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
23, 132
33
943
5
8
23
1
19
190
10
135
17
5
279
16
174
10
41
9
42
782
3
1
22, 020
2
18
681
7
3
12
1
18
244
701
4
2
20, G29
6
510
7
10
1
1
4
157
G01
4
1
1
16, 803
5
11
413
3
0
552
4
3
10, 010
2
14
287
1
1
1
322
1
o
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
OltDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
14
11
1
9
4
3
1
4
1
1
f .
1
1
1
5
193
4
)"' " a< J .a* ° ° ' *
1
1
101
K
4
C3
8
4
16
4
6
1
148
8
79
5
24
1
2
4
1
12
4
2
1
3
3
128
1
ORDER 11. — Diseases of Eye.
91
239
11
104
ti nof lri-J
1
39
2
42
65 Ni ht Blindness
ORDER 111.— Diseases of Ear.
9
6
11
4
68 Deafness
11
50
1
3
24
69 Otorrhcea
14
70 Other Diseases of thi« Order
G
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
72. Valvular Disease of Heart
15
14
3
9
9
4
4
9
6
4
1
1
3
G
11
8
1
6
2
4
1
1
G
6
1
1
4
2
1
1
4
5
2
4
73. Dropsy from Heart Disease
o
1
o i
15
15 !
10
1
1
19
31G
45
1
1
4G
143
132
8
7
358
495
G4
9
19
48
389
133
11.
19
G
5
17
378
GO
2
5
48
161
114
10
G
313
410
18
3
18
494
76
46
201
131
G
11
171
301
16
1
28
45
80. Other Diseases of this Order
3
2
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
4
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
81. A sthma
29
387
Gl
5
17
44
17G
158
11
1
366
G28
70
82. Acute Bronchitis
1
4
1
83. Chronic Bronchitis
4
3
84. Dropsy of Chest
85. 1 lajmorrhage from Nose
86. Inflammation of Larynx
30
13
1
78
10
1
2
2
87. Inflammation of Lunps . .
62
46
4
47
3
1
2
88. Inflammation of Pleura
89. Ilatmorrhafre from Lun^s
90. Other Diseases of this Order
3
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs.
91. Colic
547
834
107
10
83
89
1
92. Constipation
1
4
93. Cholera Morbus
G
1
0
91. Cirrhosis of Liver
0
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
17
55 11
4G
78
'•»
25
79
6
90. Dyspepsia
97. Diseases of Pancreas
98. Diseases of Spleen
1
8
08
1
19
86
o
1
G
G5
1
5
31
!*9. Fistula in A no
10
100. Hernia
1
101. Haemorrhage from Stomach
3
3
1
Carried forward
L
27, 991
979
25, 790
824
23, 588
707
19, 389
G29
12, 265
394
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 18G6.
707
TABLE CX.— UNITED STATES ARMY— Continued.
1805. •
18(>(>.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL. MAY.
JUKE.
TOTAL.
65, 220.
53, 873.
41,930.
33, 877.
2.2, 610.
15, 719.
12, 886.
50, C17.
49
50
51
53
54
55
56
57
53
59
60
Gl
j 02
63
64
65
GO
1)7
68
09
7U
71
72
73
74
7(5
77
78
7!)
80
81
8:2
83
84
65
8(i
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
]()()
101
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths,
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths. Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths. Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
8,579
1
11
233
2
1
343
]
6,028
1
5
239
277
4,480
2
10
139
215
3.4U3
1
5
154
202
1
1
1,965
117
1,335
1
3
57
o
39
1
1,511
1
20
119,895
24
136
3,811
29
39
5
53
1 465
4,177
19
13
1
1
42
19
5
2
1
4
105
50
3
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
1
2 -
1
2
1
3
139
1
95
1
1
59
1
1
25
119
1
64
1
19
1
3
1
30
29
57
11
1, 259
47
473
22
140
38
191
11
3
18
10
1
o
1
0
3
9
1
71
1
88
55
61
1
5
1
1
7
33
5
2
31
4
35
1
8
5
1
15
14
10
6
3
12
i 2
2
5
1
8
3
o
4
2
5
3
1
1
4
5
1
1
1
1
5
7
1
;
2
1
1
1
2
3
1
66
48
14
16
2
2
78
28
39
170
3,680
533
22
50
482
1,747
1,357
64
164
2,170
4,014
339
279
559
33
31
10
13
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
2
17
1
3
10
548
43
1
3
1
i
1
1
1
1
6
10
535
62
2
1
7
4
18
6
1
5
498
42
12
10
3
1
13
5
322
94
7
129
24
3
63
4
42
4
1
4
6
1
1
77
3
1
1
1
1
2
.>
1
26
1
1
29
41
3
19
27
2
0
85
OTV
179
1
37
140
304
8
3
61
C
57
219
200
3
20
101
350
4
97
56
4
I
1
166
106
5
41
55
41
2
1
119
93
4
l(i
32
49
2
2
21
14
26
5
17
14
3
1
o
6
31
75
29
°37
197
8
3
4
122
61
23
10
11
3
12
34
7
12
45
2
7
31
1
2
4
34
5
4
1
1
5
1
R4
2
I
8
53
475
14
0
33
2
n
1
3
1
1
1
I-
23
1
11
1
1
!
1
10, 844
441 I 8, 169
358
5, 941
270
4, 415 264
2, 565 153
1,710
49
1,844 ; 41 144,511
5,109
708
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS
TABLE CX.— UNITED STATES ARMY— Concluded.
1865.
Mo.vrit JULY-
AUGUST.
SEPTEMBER.
OCTOBER.
NOVEMBER.
31 KAN STRENGTH 103' G04'
95, 935.
91, 718.
70, 026.
60, 006.
LIST OF DISEASES. Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
27, 901 979
7 5
108
25, 790
10 .
824
23, 588
7
180
19
17
60
108
103
707
2
1
3
3
5
4
19, 389
8
137
13
20
3
14
10
144
75
029
12, 265
4
158
14
14
394
1
OIIDEK \1.— Diseases of Digestive Organs— Continued.
140
24
26
6
r,O
26
223
17
16
21
j
o
1
4
15
5
5
1
2
103. Inflammation ot Tonsils . . .
22 : 7
44 7
3 3
08 j 0
23 1
271 1
145 1
3
1
3
1
6
1
6
15 1
15
100
75
14
1
16
8
1
6
7
7
1
ORDER VII.— Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
11 !
3 1
15 5
5
1
3
3
15
2
4
4
|
1
17
O
18
3
3
3
1
8
0
3D 3
10 '' 1
23 . .
31
15
37
4
4
32
10
23
1
4
o
13
1
o
1
1
1
11
4
9
1
r
1
3
0
4
1
o
ORDER VIII. — Diseases of Hones and Joints.
17
1
3
30
0
Jv " a a .°
4
7
4
2
0
5
4
8
114
295
1
70
203
3
1
1
• •
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System,
132
108
397
21
05
141
8
18
113
<V7
1
130 Boils
314
12
8
54
8
85
133 Skin Diseases
161
238
183
19
142
1
1
247
13
99
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJURIES.
ORDER I. — Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
24
140 1
2 2
1 1
124
1
158
1
3
7
2
I'.iS. Sprains I 213
or>6
170
4
4
1
58
120
28
40
157
6
7
45
111
22
34
1
5
151
6
3
o
39
82
18
30
1
4
13'.). Dislocation 10
11
4
51
13!)
30
62
1
1
140. Simple Fractures 6 '
141. Compound Fractures »
1
16
142. (lunshot Wounds 40 10
14
12
1
17
1
14'!. Incised Wounds ' 124
144. Lacerated Wounds i 38 1
2
14."). Punctured Wounds 44
1
3
140. Poisoning 7
10
12
1
16
3
1
147. Other Accidents and Injuries 14 i
4
0
14d. ORDER II. — Honieidc
o
14!). ORDER III.— Suicide
1
•}
130. ORDER IV. — Execution of Sentence o
2
Total
nn "(is i fm
28,154
894
25,588
704
20, 963
672
13, 601 436
DURING THE YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, I860.
709
TABLE CX.— UNITED STATES ARMY— Concluded.
1805.
180G.
DECEMBER.
JANUARY.
FEBRUARY.
MARCH.
APRIL.
MAY.
JUNE.
TOTAL.
65, 220.
53, 873.
41, 936.
33, 877.
22, 610.
15, 719.
12,886.
56, 017.
Cases.
Deaths, j Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
110
117
118
119
120
121
1 i)'»
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
10, 844
441
8,169
358
5, 941 270
3
4,415
264
2,565
. 153
1,710
1
O7
49
1,844
41
144, 511
40
1,474
126
108
17
306
171
1,114
695
96
76
14
74
1
7
185
68
130
15
31
16
17
106
5
32
15
22
729
1,939
62
342
1,299
213
1,232
11
5,109
10
3
21
47
22
21
15
6
1
2
185
11
11
1
20
6
79
57
10
8
175
9
10
1
A<O
3
34
31
4
4
1
4
190 1
4 !
102
6
8
1
15
15
23
14
1
1
50
1
1
22
3
2
1
1
1
4
6
1
1
1
6
1
1
7 2
1
1
12
8
12
£0
(i
10
6
7
1
1
I
2
19
4
1
1
10 2
42
1
34
20
3
8
0
o
1 ...
3
1
3
1
1
5
25
5
3
3 1
' 1
1
1
15
7
9
l !
1
23
5
3
11
2
1
3
1
1
8
3
1
4
1
3
3
6
4
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
Q
1
2
8
3
3
2
1
2
3
11
4
1
2
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
5
7 !
2
°9
1
53
3
15
54
4
4
21
54
139
27
97
19
151
2
58
124
o
51
1
11
50
6
10
20
75
<)4
C
14
63
12
71
20
12
17
46
9
03
30
121
1
1
3
6
32
30 1
io->
1
3
35
4
33
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
0
1
151
4
9
45
90
26
36
136
3
97
1
4
r.)
35
45
1, 528
54
63
10
428
965
237
385
00
101
4 i
O
o
1
o
2
4
6
1
1
1
.
4
120
3
3
5
18
36
81
23
17
1
27 9
69
46
58
19
19
3
41
4
22
5
28
1
5
22
6
o
16 '
7
13
1
34
1
3
1
22
1
0
50
1
1
25 3
6
1
1
7 1
o
3
20
18
1
7
1
12,104
480
9,309
395
6, 879 297
5,159
278
3,055 j 168
2, Oil 52 2, 141
50
159, 232
5, 539
710
SICKNESS AND MOBTALITY OF COLOEED TKOOPS
TABLE CXI.
General Summary of the Sickness and Mortality of Colored Troops during the War.
VI^ \ T?
Ending June 30, 1861
Ending June 30, 1865.
Ending June 30,1866.
TOTAL.
43, 952.
1, 222.
83, 571.
5, 572.
55, 039.
1, 578.
60, 854.
2, 791.
LIST OF DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases. Deaths.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
1,866
70
2,515
132
6,585
752
60
499
12
296
19
6
357
503
784
496
220
61
760
568
1,692
46
3,131
58
14, 498
25, 796
19, 655
1,803
929
54, 586
5,905
12, 239
1, 246
C06
1, 948
2,831
118
315
4,980
4,401
6, 277
2, 195
2,469
328
55
100
7
33
5,440
14
2
4
1
56
4
9,049
7,104
1,014
17
152
132
608
1, 233
8
1,456
8
182
9
1,189
41
491
15
421
26
23
7
305
608
1,788
584
255
161
775
334
o
33
5
1
283
12
536
7
1,883
339
7
311
4,094
123
7, 529
190
30, 645
63, 992
51, 045
3, 923
2,536
113, 801
12, 098
2'3j 2t>J
2,781
1, 536
6, 7J6
8, 555
118
776
12, 186
9 869
2,280
108
1, 301
O"7
1, 002
58
54
15
71'4
i, 3:;s
3,278
1, 492
626
247
2,341
931
61
12
5
535
28
1
3
1
r
9, 562
21, 957
19, 007
1,047
549
24, 364
2,534
5,805
688
328
2,008
281
285
11
12
132
257
706
412
151
25
806
29
16, 239
12, 383
1,073
1,058
34, 851
3,659
7,215
847
542
2,760
5,443
17. Scarlet Fever
18 Diphtheria
346
6,017
3,958
2,361
1,025
1,723
271
53
126
15
5
4
125
13
1
1
115
1,189
1,510
3,249
2,987
2 868
13
20. Epidemic Catarrh
3
11, 887
6, 207
7,060
990
143
2/2
21
255
16, 217
50
12
22
6
153
7
18, 399
13, 726
2,771
39
269
711
1, 331
2,508
20
3, 156
18
624
12
OHDER II. — Enthetic Diseases.
22. Syphilis
213. Gonorrhoea
24. Orchitis
o
1
391
35
46
7
148
7,795
18
3
8
1
20
3
3,449
2,770
406
3
80
11
263
581
1
1, 313
66
1
25. Stricture of the Urethra
26. Purulent Ophthalmia
27. Serpent Bite
7
74
2,982
18
7
10
4
77
28. Other Diseases of this Order
1
63
6
2
3
190
o
2
1
1
4
388
16
4
1
5
ORDER III. — Dietic Diseases.
29. Scurvy
135
8
30. Purpura
31. Delirium Tremens
32. Inebriation
1
33. Chronic Alcoholism
34. Other Diseases of this Order
2
3
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diathetic Diseases.
35. Gout
36. Acute Rheumatism
5,901
3, 852
1,351
19
37
5C8
4GO
694
11
387
8
370
41
GO
95
1
51
267
17
42
55
128
2
15
35
1
1
4
305
14
98
137
258
5
81
1,211
81
4
37. Chronic Rheumatism
38. Anaemia
39. Cancer
40. Tumors
41. Other Diseases of this Order .
26
639
50
2
OHIIER II. — Tubercular Diseases.
42. Consumption
43. Scrofula
44. Other Diseases of this Order
CLASS III.— PARASITIC DISEASES
45. Itch
46. Tape-worm
47. Other Intestinal Worms
5
1
6
48. Other Diseases of this Order.
Carried forward
129, 963
6, 191
194, 800
8,505
119, 895
4,177
444, 658
18, 873
_ _
DURING THE YEARS ENDING JUNE 30, 1864, 1865, 1866.
711
TABLE CXI.— GENERAL SUMMARY— Continued.
VF1, AT?
Ending June 30, 1861
Ending June 30,1865
Ending June 30,1866
TOTAL.
43, 952.
1 222.
83, 571.
5, 572.
55, 039.
1,578.
GO, 854.
2,791.
LIST OP DISEASES.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
129, 903
38
2(53
4 514
0,191
38
18
194, 800
77
549
0,407
8,505
80
38
119, 895
24
130
3,811
31
29
39
5
53
1,405
30
220
29
57
11
1,259
4,177
19
13
1
1
42
19
5
444, 058
139
948
14, 732
193
249
100
08
334
6,018
192
583
313
151
00
5 153
18, 873
137
60
1
10
202
108
45
10
5
41
58
03
CLASS IV.— LOCAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
75
113
71
140
1,730
55
111
177
42
4
111
43
14
9
3
15
8
87
107
50
41
135
2,817
107
252
107
52
5
109
46
20
5
23
3:2
25
57. Neuralgia
3
18
10
5!'. Sun-stroke
ORDER 11. — Diseases of Eye,.
01. Amaurosis
02. Cataract
03. Inflammation of Conjunctiva
1, 482
2,412
G4. Inflammation of Iris
88
1,039
00
238
47
473
22
140
38
190
1,851
194
457
200
733
081
13
391
21.9
74
94
32
15
380
210
122
702
22,048
2, 733
129
257
2,738
16, 133
7, 175
405
2,209
9,400
17, 204
1, 1.-51
42
1, 427
2,607
9
55
240
2,213
64
05. Night Uliiidncss
339
100
79
48
230
554
3
111
45
28
39
14
9
115
00
45
101
8, 21:8
030
29
115
757
8, 12 1
2,313
130
1, 040
2,802
5,287
253
0
3(J5
057
GO. Other Diseases of this Order
1
1
OKUER 111.— Diseases of Ear.
07. Inflammation of Internal Ear
08. Deafness
120
GO. OturrhoL'fi
1
312
119
10
214
120
32
39
10
4
100
12°
]91
11
1
70. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
71. Aneurism
5
29
20
10
21
5
1
2
71
82
40
31
15
1
1
7
133
133
60
05
2
1
72. Valvular Disease of Heart .
CO
48
14
10
2
78
28
39
170
3,030
533
22
50
482
1,747
1,357
04
104
2,170
4,014
339
22
279
559
33
31
10
13
2
71. Dropsy of Pericardium
71!. Inflammation of Endocardium
78. Varicose Veins
79. Varicocele
60. Other Diseases of this Order
10
4
113
40
15
2
10
2,434
159
15
11
o
*
3
80
38
401
10, 070
1, 270
78
02
1, 409
0, 205
3, 305
205
405
4,428
7, 003
559
14
783
1,301
8
23
j'j.>
21
10
J18
85
28
3
19
2,301
103
33
03
4
3
10
3
128
5
7
4
24
18
0
1
5
498
42
12
10
3
1
13
38
18
255
149
49
6
40
5,233
304
00
84
9
6
30
6
272
5
1
3
OitDEit V. — Diseases of Respiratory Ort/ans,
81. Asthma....
82. Acute Bronchitis
83. Chronic ISroncliitis
81. Dropsy of Chest
80. Inflammation of Larynx
87. Inflammation of Limps
88. Inflammation of Pleura .
81). Hiemorrhage from Limps
90. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER VI. — Diseases (if Digestive Organs.
91. Colic
02. Constipation
93. Cholera Morbus
9-1. Cirrhosis of Liver
95. Dropsy from Hepatic Disease
00. Dyspepsia
04
07. Diseases of Pancreas
1
2»
1
2
08. Diseases of Spleen
1 8
r,:i
i'O. Fistula in Ano.
!(>'>. Hernia
023
10
3
2
1,115 1
34 2
475
14
1
1
5
5
101. Hasmorrhnge from Stomach
Carried forward
173, 534
9,507
251, 387
12,081 j 144,511 5, 109
500, 432
20, 097 ;
712
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS, ETC.
TABLE CXI.— GENERAL SUMMARY— Concluded.
YEAR -• Enilindui
B 30,1861
Ending June 30,1865.EndiDgJnD630J866
TOTAL.
MEAN STRENGTH i\ FIELD AND GARRISON > 43, £
52.
22.
83, 571.
5, 572.
55, 039.
1, 578.
CO, 854.
2, 791.
I\ GENFUAL IIosriT\Ls 1|S
LIST OF DISEASES. Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
Cases.
Deaths.
9,507
10
3
19
51
11
34
10
35
5
4
• 251,387
81
3,020
343
331
75
590
313
2, 789
1, 593
294
215
12, 081
1G
G
48
95
3G
29
2G
32
G
5
144, 511
40
1,474
12G
1G8
17
306
171
1,114
G95
96
76
14
74
1
7
185
C8
130
15
31
1C
17
106
5
32
15
22
729
1,939
82
342
1,299
213
1, 232
11
5,109
10
3
21
47
22
21
15
6
1
569, 432
180
6, 754
730
748
118
1,275
674
5, 545
3,213
622
359
74
404
20
261
778
304
545
119
152
80
110
512
39
92
76
41
2,376
4, 9G7
240
898
3,279
826
3,881
GO
26, 697
36
12
88
193
69
84
51
73
11
ORDER VI. — Diseases of Digestive Organs — Continued. ;
103 Inflammation of Tonsils . - . 2, 260
109. Jaundice 1, 642
110. Piles 925
111. Other Diseases of this Order 232
ORDER VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs. I
112. Stone and Gravel . G8
113. Diabetes 29
4
3
31
248
9
148
392
173
277
(14
74
33
CG
286
27
3
40
25
12
G8
114. Bright's Disease . ! 82
115. Diseases of Prostate 10
110. Diseases of Testis 100
1
11
8
1
24
11
3
10
117. Inflammation of Kidneys 201
5
8
3
1
116. Inflammation of Bladder G3
119. Incontinence of Urine 138
1
2
120. Hydrocele 40
1
5
121. Other Diseases of this Order 47
3
3
ORDER VIII.— Diseases of Hones and Joints.
122. Anchylosis ! 31
123. Caries 27
1
2
2
6
o
124. Inflammation of Joints ; 120
125. Inflammation of Bones. 7
12C. Inflammation of Periosteum.. ; 22
1
1
38
40
17
1,013
2 01G
1
o
2
4
1
127. Necrosis oj
1
1
5
128. Other Diseases of this Order , 2
ORDER IX.— Diseases of Integumentary System
139. Abscess 634
5
11
130. Boils 1 01°
131. Carbuncle g4
94
349
1,417
399
1,744
31
132. Whitlow OQ7
133. Skin Diseases 563
o
2
9
50
3
2
9
13
75
1
2
3
6
32
C 1
6
14
—o
157
CLASS V.— WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND
INJUH1ES.
ORDER I.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
134. Burns
135. Contusions. on-
13(J. Concussion of Brain ,„
137. Droivnia"
138. Sprains "i~~io~
139. Dislocation ' „„
140. Simple Fractures ^
3
8
203
1
1
G
11
22
4
8
8
2, 607
79
80
4, 527
879
427
362
53
1,607
1
12
11
719
0
7
2
G
50
8
1,528
54
63
10
428
965
237
385
22
161
0
5,845
1G2
194
G5
6, 694
2, 270
832
88$
89
2, 335
3
15
1,042
6
11
13
17
92
30
9
39
141. Compound Fractures ^
4
120
3
3
5
142. Gunshot Wounds ^ 93y
143. Incised Wounds ' 40f
144. Lacerated Wounds. . ^o
145. Punctured Wounds
14C. Poisoning- j .
147. Other Accidents and Injuries 5(7
20
18
1
7
148. ORDER II. — Homicide . ..
149. ORDER III.— Suicide
I.")!). ORDER IV.— Execution of Sentence
24
Tota! 189,460
10, 054 280, GG2
13,411
159, 232
5,539
629,354
29, 004
OF COLORED TROOPS
ON
SURGEON'S CERTIFICATE OF DISABILITY.
90
DISCHARGES OF COLORED TROOPS, ETC 715
Table GXII presents a summary view of the causes of the discharges from the
service on surgeon's certificate of disability among the colored troops, drawn up in the
same manner as was done for the white troops in Table UI.
716
DISCHARGES OF COLORED TROOPS
TABLE 0X11.
Discharges of Colored Troops on Surgeons Certificate of Disability.
\
ENDING ENDING ENDING TOTAI
JUNE 30, 1864. JUNE 30, 1865. JUNE 30, 1866. [
(.
CLASS 1.— ZYMOTIC DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Miasmatic Diseases.
o
1
7
128
8
10
7
149
31
10
12
18
302
57
1
540
86
0
12
6
29
1
5
874
35
109
3
18
6
592
147
2
6
174
34
(59
1
90
1
4
25
4
•>• >s
1
287
"7
5
3
1
1
43
11
210
38
ORDER II. — Enthetic
Diseases.
3
4
3
ORDER III. — Dietic
Diseases.
6
CLASS II.— CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES.
ORDER I. — Diatlietic Diseases.
15 Gout
5
120
377
1
52
1
9
2
282
57
2
4
92
19
1
41
375
34
47
1
7
1
234
76
18. Dropsy
10
1
3
76
14
] 9 Cancer
20. Tumors
21 Other DNeases of this Order
ORDElt II. — Tubercular Diseases.
23 Scrofula
CLASS III. — PARASITIC DISEASES.
24. Tape-worm
CLASS IV. — LOCAL DISEASES.
OUHF.R I. — Diseases of Nervous System.
1
29
8
1
53
7
4
21
1
25
2P. Xounil'na
2 ' Paralysis . . .
7
30. Sun-stroke
31. Other Diseases of this Order
8 57
Carried forward.. .
3R3 1.4'M 1.371 3,248
ox SURGEON'S CERTIFICATE OF DISABILITY.
717
TABLE CXIL— DISCHARGES OF COLORED TROOPS, ETC.— Continued.
YEAR £
ENDING
ENDING
ENDING
TOTAL
JUNE 30, 18C4.
JUNE 30, 1865.
JUNE 30, 18C6.
383
1 494
1 371
3 248
ORDER II. — Diseases of Eye.
14
13
29
33. Cataract
.,
11
8
21
34 Ophthalmia .
13
12
25
35. Night Blindness
3
1
1
5
30. Other Diseases of this Order
4
44
43
91
ORDER III. — Diseases of Ear.
37. Deafness
4
22
12
38
38. Otorrhoea
3
3
30. Other Diseases of this Order
11
11
ORDER IV. — Diseases of Organs of Circulation.
1
1
41. Heart Disease
°7
73
fil
161
o
2
4
7
0
9
30
20
(
13
69
21
4
25
1
1
ORDER V. — Diseases of Respiratory Organs.
5
5
4?. Asthma
5
19
18
42
9
31
56
96
;")0. Dropsy of Chest . .
1
1
2
o
4
11
10
25
J
7
10
18
1
a
1
4
3
20
6
29
ORDER VI. — Diseases of the Digestive. Organs.
8
10
1
3
10
l(i
26 ;
63
1W
133
3:>8
(H). Prolapsus Ani
:;
3
1
7
ill. Inflammation of Tonsils
1
1
<i2. Inflammation of Stomach
0
1
4
7
<i3. Inflammation of 15o\vels
2
lit. Inflammation of Peritoneum
„
0
4
;{
15
11
29
<;.;. riles
3
10
21
43
13
12
25
Carried forward. . .
!
5r>9
•'Oil
1 , ,«7i«
I.47H
718
DISCHARGES OF COLORED TROOPS, ETC.
TABLE CXII.— DISCHARGES OF COLORED TROOPS, ETC.— Concluded.
YEAR.
ENDING
ENDING
ENDING
JUNE 30, 1864. JUNE 30, 1865. JUNE 30, 18G6,
559
2,041
o
3
12
10
5
3
7
7
50
4
1
5
1,878
Oitnuu VII. — Diseases of Urinary and Genital Organs.
3
2
4
0
4
13
3
0
o
49
6
2
8
1
18
4
8
3
23
2
8
3
41
280
120
1
2
6
OUDEH VIII. — Diseases of Hones and Joints.
78. Caries
79. Exostosis '
80. Inflammation of Joints
82. Diseases of Spine
3
4
4
10
5
21
5
20
2
3
1
12
39
430
200
83. Necrosis
84. Other Diseases of this Order
ORDER IX. — Diseases of Integumentary System.
85. Abscess
86. Ulcers
3
CLASS V. WOUNDS, ACCIDENTS, AND INJURIES.
ORDER 1.— Wounds, Accidents, and Injuries.
87. Burns and Scalds
88. Frost Bite
2
89. Sprains
90. Dislocations
1
9
41
7
33
91. Fractures
92. Gunshot Wounds
93. Amputations
94. Incised Wounds
95. Wounds unspecified
119
0
98
5
22
5
205
96. Other Accidents and Injuries
CLASS VI.— DEVELOPMENTAL DISEASES.
97. Atrophy
58. Hypertrophy
99. Deformities
5
1
36
1
145
60
105
217
2
933
100. Under Ago ....
101. Old Age
102. Stammering1
103. UNCLASSIFIED AND CAUSE NOT STATED
148
Total
874
4, 340 3, 009
1
•2
8
18
27
8
5
10
11
105
10
3
13
1
31
13
33
4
13
4
34
89
751
327
154
101
7
1
87
111
478
3
i,226
V I X T S
PART I.— WHITE TROOPS.
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF WHITE TROOPS.
ATLANTIC REGION.
Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
Page.
For May and June, 18G1 3
For the year ending June 30, 1862 13
" " " " " " 1863 152
" " " " " " 1864 303
" " " " " " 1865 462
" " 1866 611
Statistical Tables.
For May and June, 1861, Table 1 4
For the year ending June 30, 1862, Table XII 66
" 1863, Table XXXIII 204
" " " " " " 1864, Table LVI 354
" "' 1865, Table LXXXII 520
" " 1866, Table XCVI 612
CENTRAL REGION.
Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
For June, 1861 3
For the year ending June 30, 1862 73
" " " u " " 1863 211
" " 1864 361
" 1865 526
" " 1866 on
Statistical Tables.
For June, 1861. Table II 7
For the year ending June 30, 1862, Table XX 120
•' " 1863, Table XLIII 270
" 1864, Table LXVII 426
1865, Table XCI .r>78
" " •' " " '•' 1866, Table XCVII.. Old
720 INDEX.
PACIFIC REGION.
Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
Page.
For the year ending June 30, 1882 . . , 1~'
>' « •• " •• •' 1883 277
•• •' 1864 433
.' • •• •• •• " ••' 1865 585
n " •• << " " 1866 fill
Statistical Tables.
For the year ending June 30, 1862, Table XXIII . - 140
.. « « « " " 1833, Table XLVI 290
" " « " " « 1864, Table LXX 446
" « •' " " " 1865, Table XCIV 598
« " " " " - 1866, Table XC VIII 624
CONSOLIDATED TABLE* FOR WHITE TROOPS.
For May and June, 1881, Table HI 10
For the year ending June 30, 1862, Table XXIV 146
" '• 1863, Table XL VII 298
" " 1864, Table LXXI 452
•• " 1885, Table XCV 604
" " " " " " 1836, Table XCIX 630
For White Troops during the War, Table C 636
MORTALITY IN GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE ATLANTIC REGION.
For the year ending June 30, 1862, Table XI 60
" " " " " " 1863, Table XXXII 198
" " " " " " 18G4, Table LV - 348
" " " " " " 1865. Table LXXXI 514
MORTALITY IN GENERAL HOSPITALS OF THE CENTRAL REGION.
For the year ending June 30, 1862, Table XIX 114
" " 1863, Table XLII 264
" 1864, Table LXVI 420
" "' " " " " 1865, Table XC 572
DEPARTMENT OF THE EAST.
Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
For the year ending June 30, 1863 152
" " " " " " 1864 303
" " " " " " 1865... 4G2
Statistical Tables.
For the year ending June 30, 1863, Table XXV 156
•• " " " " " 1864, Table XLVIH 306
•' ;' " " " " 1865. Tahlc FA'XIIL. 466
INDEX. 721
MIDDLE DEPARTMENT.
Remarks explanatory of i/ie Tables.
Pago.
For the year ending June 30, 16G2 13
" '• 1863 ir>3
• '• 18.G4 304
1805 463
Statistical Tables.
For the year ending June 30, 186.2, Table IV 18
'• " " - " " 18G3, Table XXVI 162
" " 18-34. Table XLIX 312
" " " " " " I80r,. Tahle LXXIV 472
DEPARTMENT OF Till] SIIENANDOAIf. '
Remarks explanatory of the, Table.
For the year ending June 30, 18(52 14
Statistical Table.
For the year ending June 30, 18G2, Table V ^4
-MIDDLE MILITARY DIVISION.
Remarks explanatory of //te Table.
For the year ending June 30. 18G5 463
/Statistical Table.
For the year ending June 30, 1 -().". Table LXXVI 4S4
DEPARTMENT OF WASHINGTON.
Remarks explanatory of t/tc Tables.
For the year ending June :><>; l.-'(53 153
HGJ 304
" " I.*<M 463
/Statistical Tables.
I'or the year ending June 30, lr-T.3. Table XXVII 168
" " " " " " 18;)l,TableL 318
•• " IS;;."), Tal)le LXXV 478
DEPARTMENT OF THE RAPPAIIANN* )('K.
Remarks explanatory of tJic Table.
For the year ending June 3d. 181-?.. . 1C.
Statistical Tahle.
For the yea i- ending June "l>. I W'J'2, Table VII .
91
722 INDEX.
ARMY OF THE POTOMAC.
Remarks explanatory of ike Tables.
Page.
For the year ending June 30, 1662..
.. .- " <• 1863 154
" " 1854 =504
.. " ' 1835 464
Statistical Tables.
For the vein- ending J une 30, 1862, Table VI - . M
« « « " '• " 1883, Table XXV1H 174
« " " 1864, Table LI 324
<• - « « » " 1865, Table LXX VII 490
DEPARTMENT OF VIRGINIA.
Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
For tlie year ending June 30, 1832 . 16
" " " " " " 1883 154
« « « « >• '• 1864 305
« " " " " " 1865 484
Statistical Tables.
For the yeur ending June 30, 1862, Table VIII 42
" " " " " '• 18G37 Table XXIX 180
" " '• " '• " 1864, Table LII 330
" " - " '• " 1885, Table LXXVIII 496
DEPARTMENT OF NORTH CAROLINA.
Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
16
155
305
464
Statistical Tables.
For the year ending June 30, 1882, Table IX 48
" 1883, Table XXX 186
" " '' " " " 1864, Table LIII 336
" " " " " " 1835. Table LXXIX 502
DEPARTMENT OF THE SOUTH.
Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
For the year ending June 30, 1862 1?
" " 1863 155
•' " " - '; " 1834 305
" " 1885 465
Statistical Tables.
For the year ending June 30, 1832, Table X C4
" '' "' " " '• 1883, Table XXXI 192
" " " '• '• " 1884. Table LIV 342
" " " " " " 1865, Table LXXX.. .... 508
For the year ending June 30, 18j'2
INDEX. 723
DEPARTMENT OF WEST VIRGINIA.
Remarks explanatory of the Tablet.
Pope.
For the year ending Juiu' 30, 1832 ....................................................................... 73
' ....... 133.5 ....................................................................... 211
.'Statistical Tables.
For tin- year ending June 30, 186.2, Table XIII ............................................................ 78
......... • " 183:5. Table XXXIV ......................................................... 216
..... ' 18G4, Table LVII .............. v ............................................ 366
NORTHERN DEPARTMENT.
Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
For the year ending June 30, 1833 ....................................................................... 212
- " 1854 ....................................................................... 361
" " " ..... ' 1865 ....................................................................... 526
Statistical Tables.
For the year ending June 30, Id 03, Table XXXV ........................................................... 222
" " " " " " 1864, Table LVIII .......................................................... 372
' ..... 1865, Table LXXXIII ............................................ ' ........... 530
DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO.
Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
For the year ending June 30, 1833 ...................................................................... . . 212
" •• ........ 1834 ....................................................................... ;;«>>
Statistical Tables.
For the year ending .June 30, 1833, Table XXXVI ......................................................... 223
" " " " " - 1864, Table L1X ............................................................ 378
DEPARTMENT OF TIIF CFMBERLAND.
Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
For the year ending June 30. 18-32 ....................................................................... 74
" ....... ' " 1863 ...................................................................... 212
" .......... 18o4 ........................................... . ............................ 362
Statistical Tables.
For the year ending June 30. \?:r>. Table XIV ........ .................................................... 84
............ 1833, Tal.le XXXVII ........................................................ 234
" ......... •' 1861. Table LX ............................................................ 384
DEPARTMENT OF THE TENNESSEE.
Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
For the year ending June 30, 1S62 ...................................................................... 75
" " ........ 1863 ....................................................................... 213
............ 186! ....................................................................... 363
Statistical Tables.
For ihr year ending June 3d, 1 ,<;,>. TaM,. XV ............................................................. i'O
•• •' ls;,i. Table XXXV1I1 ....................................................... 24U
•' '• l,-:i. Table I. XL. ••',1111
794 INDEX.
MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI. FART I.
Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
Page.
For the year ending June 30, 1885. . .
Supplementary remarks for May and June. 1834..
Statistical Tables.
For the year ending June 30, 1835. Table LXXX1V ......
Supplementary Table for May and June. 1834, Table LXXII ---- 459
MILITARY DIVISION OF THE MISSISSIPPI. PART II.
Remarks explanatory of the Table.
For the year ending June 30, 1833 .............................. ............................ 527
Statistical Table.
For the year ending June 30, 1835, Table LXXXV ................................. ...... 542
DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF.
Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
For the year ending June 30, 1862 ....................................................................... 76
"' " " " " •' 1833 ....................................................................... 214
' ........... 1834 ....................... ................................................ 364
" " " ..... ' 1865 ....................................................................... 528
Statistical Tables.
For the year ending June 30, 1802, Table XVI ...... . .............. . ..................................... 90
" " " - " •' 1803, Table XXXIX ......................................................... 246
" " 1834, Table LX II ........................................................... 396
'• " ' ....... 1805, Table LXXX VI .......................... ............................. 548
DEPARTMENT OF THE NORTHWEST.
Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
For the year ending June :;o. id-32 .................. 76
" " " ' ..... 1863 ....................................................................... 214
' ..... 1864 ....................................................................... 364
" " ........ 1835 ...................................................................... 528
Statistical Tables.
For the year ending June 30, 1H32, Table XVII ......................................................... 102
" " " " " 1863, Table X I ....................... . ...................................... 252
" " " " " 18G4, Table LXIII ........................... . .................... . ......... 402
" " 18C5. Table LXXX VI I ....................................................... 554
DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI.
Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
For the year ending June 30, ]*&> ......... 75
1«33 ...................................................................... 214
1864 ................................................................... ..... 364
1865 .......... 528
INDEX. 725
DEPARTMENT OF THE MISSOURI.— Continued.
Statistical Tables.
Page.
For the year ending June 30, Id6:,>, Table XVIII .......................................................... 108
" " " " " 1383, Table XLI ............................................................. 258
" " " " " " 1864, Table LXIV ........................................................... 408
" ........ " 1805, Table LXXXVIII ...................................................... 5GO
DEPARTMENT OF ARKANSAS.
Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
For the year ending June 30, 1864 ........................................................................ 365
" " " " " " 1835 ....................................................................... 529
Statistical Tables.
For the year ending June 30, 18(54, Table LXV ............................................................ 414
18J5, Table LXXXIX .............................................. '_ ........ 506
DEPARTMENT OF NEW MEXICO.
Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
For the year ending June 30, 1862 ....................................................................... 127
" " '' '• " " 1863 ....................................................................... 277
" " " " " " 1864 ....................................................................... 433
" " ' ....... 1865 ....................................................................... 585
Statistical Tables.
For the year ending June 30, 183:2, Table XXI ............................................................. 128
..... ' 1863, Table XLIV ........................................................... 278
" " 1861, Table LXVIII ......................................................... 434
..... ' 1865, Table XCII ........................................................... 586
DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC.
Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
For the year ending June 30, l,-"j 1 ........................................................................ 127
" ' ......... 1^3 ....................................................................... 277
" " " " " " 186-i ....................................................................... 433
" '• '' "' " " I8in .............................. ........................................ 585
Statistical Tables.
For tlie year ending June 30, 186 >, Tal.le XXII ........................................................... 134
' ........... 186:?, Table XLV ........................................................... 284
" " 18:54, Table LXIX .......................................................... 440
" " 1*T>. Table XCIII .......................................................... 592
DISCHAKCJES OF WHITE TROOPS OX si'UG EON'S CERTIFICATE OF DISAH1IJTV.
.Remarks e.i-planatory of the Table.
Suiniiiiirv of Discharges, Table Cl . . 646
726 INDEX.
PART n— COLORED TROOPS.
SICKNESS AND MORTALITY OF COLORED TROOPS.
ATLANTIC REGION.
Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
Page.
For the year ending .June 150, 1834 651
" '• '• •'•' •' '' 18G3 671
" " " '• " " 1853 691
Statistical Tables
For the year ending June 30, 1834, Table CII 652
'• '• " '• " " 13;'55, Table CV 672
" " •' " 1833, Table CV1II 692
*
CENTRAL REGION.
Remarks explanatory of the Tables.
For tlie year ending June 30. 1834 651
" " '"' 1X0 671
" " ' • ISb'u 691
Statistical Tables.
For the year ending June 30, 1804, Table CIII 658
' " " " 1865, Table CVI 678
' " " 1886, Table CIX 698
CONSOLIDATED TABLES FOR COLORED TROOPS.
For the year ending June 30. 18G4, Table CIV 664
" " " " " 1865, Table CVII 684
" " 18G6, Table CX 704
For Colored Troops during the War, Table CXI 710
DISCHARGES OF COLORED TROOPS ON SURGEON'S CERTIFICATE OF DISABILITY.
Remarks explanatory of the Table. 715
Summary of Discharges, Table CXII 716
END OF VOLUME I, CF THE MEDICAL HISTORY.
THE
WAR OF THE REBELLION.
APPENDIX
PART I.
CONTAINING
REPORTS OF MEDICAL DIRECTORS, AND OTHER DOCUMENTS.
Edited, under the direction of Surgeon General JOSEPH K, BARNES, United States Army,
'Pr
BY
Assistant Surgeon J. J. WOODWARD, United States Army,
AND
Assistant Surgeon GEORGE A. OTIS, United States Army.
NOTE BY THE EDITORS.
The Appendix to .Part 1, of the Medical and Surgical History of the War of the
Rebellion contains such portions of the reports of Medical .Directors and other Officers,
received during the \Var by the Surgeon General, as have appeared to possess historical
interest.
In preparing these documents for publication, the Editors have endeavored to place
on record, in the language of the original observers, such of the official statements
relating to the operations of the medical department of the Union Army, as illustrate the
Medical and Surgical volumes. They have omitted nearly all detailed descriptions of
cases, remarks on special diseases, on hospital construction, and transportation of the
wounded, and many observations which will more advantageously appear in other parts
of the work, as well as some paragraphs relating to subjects fully discussed in antecedent
reports. Asterisks indicate where omissions occur.
During the first vear of the war, medical officers were guided by the General Reu'U-
«, O J o
lations only in making their reports; but. as the organization of the army progressed, such
instructions were given as secured comprehensive accounts of the operations of the Medical
Staff by the senior medical officers of corps, divisions, and brigades.
The Editors have sought to observe either a chronological or geographical sequence
in the arrangement of the documents, in order to approximate a connected narrative; but,
when it has appeared advisable, either in order to connect sub-reports with those of the
chief medical officers, or for other reasons, they have frequently deviated from this
course. They have not felt at liberlv to alter, materially, the phraseology of the Reports
except where obvious grammatical inaccuracies, due to hasty composition, were apparent.
They have diligently searched the files of the Adjutant General's Office as well as those of
the Surgeon General, and believe that no reports of importance have been overlooked,
though portions of many have been reserved for publication in the body of the work.
A few wood-cuts and photo-lithographic maps have been inserted, to indicate the
positions of hospitals, the direction in which the sick and wounded were taken to the
rear, and the like: but facilities for original illustrations of this kind have been very
limited.
The Circulars and Orders printed with the prefatory remarks of the Surgeon General,
will explain the reasons of tin- frequent repetitions in relation to the supplies ot food,
water, medicines, stores, shelter, and transportation which will be observed in some oi the
APPENDIX
TO
PART I
MEDICAL AND SURGICAL HISTORY OF THE REBELLION,
CONTAINING
REPORTS OF MEDICAL DIRECTORS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS.
Edited, under the direction of Brevet Major General J. K. BARNES, Surgeon General, United States Army,
1SY
Brevet Lieutenant Colonel J. J. WOODWARD, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. Army,
AND
Brevet Lieutenant Colonel GEOKGE A. OTIS, Assistant Surgeon, U. S. Army.
I. Report of the Events connected with the First Bull Run Campaign. By Surgeon W. S.
KING, U. S. A., Medical Director of the Army under General McDowell.
The first battle of Bull Run will ever be memorable in the annals of the country as the great contest at the commencement
of the struggle now going on for the maintenance of the supremacy of the Union. Having arrived in Washington, from a
distant frontier station, a few weeks previously, I was detailed to report, as medical director, to the General in command of the
Department of Northeast Virginia. Upon reaching the headquarters at Arlington, where our forces were assembling, I became
painfully impressed with the vastness of the work to be done to prepare for t'ie coining conflict, and with the very short time,
apparently, that would be allowed for the purpose. I found the army with which we were to meet the enemy composed of
the best, and also of the worst material I had ever met with. This force had been hastily collected; many of the men had
never been examined by medical officers, and were inferior to those in the regular army, where the physical defects are more
carefully regarded. Impressed, by the lessons of the Crimea, with the importance of hygienic measures in the camps, I began
my visits to them, and pointed out, particularly to those Who possessed the power to enforce them, the necessity of observing
these precautions.
It is while engaged in the labor of introducing sanitary reforms that the want of substantial rank is most sensibly felt
by the medical officer, and more or less paralyzes all his efforts. If he finds an unusual number of cases of disease in a regi
ment, and ascertains that the walls of the tents are seldom if ever raised to admit fresh air, that the straw is saturated with
emanations from the bodies and breaths of the men. and, that low forms of fever are thus engendered, should he naturally
desire to instantly change this condition of things, he will learu, by bitter experience, the extreme difficulty of inducing those in
authority to listen to his requests or to act on his suggestions. When we learn that diseases destroy more soldieiH than do
powder and the sword, it cannot be too often repeated that these disastrous results may be easily prevented by simple hygienic
precautions, for the institution of which there must be united and harmonious action between the field officer and the surgeon.
1
2 APPENDED DOCUMKNTS- — FIRST BUM, RUN.
This can be effected in no other way than by adopting the practice of admitting the chief medical officer of each separate army
to a sent in the council of war. As a general rule, such officers would bring with them tried experience and extended and
varied information on many branches of knowledge, to the benefit of the service. To give weight to his opinion, the chief
medical officer should have a higher rank than that of major, his present status, there being no provision, at present, where!)}'
it is possible for him to hope for promotion. He is the best judge as to the condition of the men, as to their capability to sustain
a forced march, and whether the plivsical endurance proposed to be exacted of them will not so overtask their powers as to unfit
them for the duty required. The selection of a camping ground for the night is also a matter of great importance. A spot thus
fixed upon may, from necessity, be occupied for weeks; and, should it prove unhealthy, the evil must be suffered; whereas, in
a majority of cases, a more healthy location would have answered equally well for all military purposes.
Every medical director at least, should have the authority to order the prompt removal of a nuisance that is contaminating
the air; and such military assistance should be furnished him as he may require for the immediate carrying into effect of any
measures lie may deem essential to the prevention of disease in camps, provided they do not interfere with the military necessity
of the position. The orders of medical directors relating to sanitary matters should be binding upon all, and should not be
disregarded unless satisfactory reasons be given. On landing at Rangoon, during the first Burmese war, the superintending
sunreon of the Bengal division there had warned the officer commanding, that without fresh food and vegetables the soldiers
must perish from scurvy. The reply was: ''medical opinions are very good when called for.'' Is not this answer characteristic
atso of the opinions entertained by many at the present time in regard to the advice of medical officers in similar cases?
In the Bull Run campaign, Assistant Surgeon Magruder and myself were, with few exceptions, the only medical officers
who had served with troops, and our advice and assistance were eagerly sought in relation to the details of camp life and the
mode of procuring the necessary medical supplies. In preparing for the expected battle, a limited number of ambulances which
had been furnished, were distributed with great care, so as to equalize the amount of transportation among the regiments. I
made an estimate of twenty wagons for our medical supplies, which, although approved by the commanding ollicer, did not
result in their being sent. A few days before the forward movement, directions were issued by the General commanding, to
have the army put in light marching order; that all officers and soldiers should carry with them three and a half days
cooked rations, and that all baggage and stores of every kind should be left behind in camp, to be subsequently sent for. As
the conveyances estimated for had not been furnished, these arrangements made it impossible to transport any medical supplies
except such as could be placed in the ambulances or forage wagons, and this I directed the medical officers to do.
The command moved on the Fairfax road on the afternoon of the 16th of July, 1861, and after a march of seven miles
halted for the night. At daylight, the following morning, the advance was resumed. The day was unusually hot, and the
troops plucked with avidity the blackberries growing abundantly by the roadside, as a means of relieving both thirst and
hunger, for which purpose this fruit is eminently fitted. The road we found impassable in many places, owing to felled trees
which the rebels had placed in our way. Arriving, at length, near Fairfax, we discovered that the enemy had abandoned their
works, and that a small force, left evidently to watch our movements, had just gone, leaving behind, in their haste, carpet-bags,
trunks, a keg of whiskey, and half eaten meals. Our troops were in excellent health, and no cases of disease were reported to
me or came under my observation.
We encamped for the night near Fairfax. July 19th, was spent by the General and staff in making a reconnaissance of
the roads between Fairfax and Centreville. In the afternoon, heavy firing was heard on our left, towards Blackburn's Ford.
Riding rapidly in that direction, to ascertain the cause, we found that the division of General Tyler had been smartly engaged
with the enemy. We pursued our course on the road leading to the ford, and soon met the ambulances with the dead, wounded,
and disabled men. One soldier had had his face shot away completely. Some in the ambulances were not wounded, but were
disabled from sunstroke or exhaustion. The ambulances were stained with blood, evincing the terrible earnestness with which
the rebels had commenced their struggle. I dispatched Assistant Surgeon Magruder to accompany the forward ambulance
to Centreville, and to select suitable buildings for hospital purposes, and I followed him with the remainder, after picking up
all the wounded we coidd find. A hotel, a church, and a large dwelling, were selected by Assistant Surgeon Magruder, and some
wounded were placed in them before my arrival. Unfortunately, two of the ambulances had been drawn up on the wrong side of
the road, and the division of General Tyler, of twelve thousand troops, marching in close order, filled the passage between our
wounded and the church hospital, and we were obliged to wait, for two hours, for men and wagons to pass, before the wounded
could be taken out. Several attempts were made to cross the road, but such was the press and confusion that it was found to be
impossible, and we were obliged to desist. An unexpected difficulty was now encountered, in the great scarcity of water.
There were very few wells in Centreville, and these had been so exhausted by our thirsty men that they were nearly all dry.
W ater, procured with great difficulty and placed in basins for the purpose of washing the wounded, was snatched up and drank
by stragglers, as they passed, before they could be prevented. By 9 o'clock p. M., through great exertion on the part of Dr.
Magruder and myself, we succeeded in organizing, to some extent, our improvised hospitals. Several amputations were
performed; one, I remember, of the thigh, which resulted fatally the next day, and one of the leg, which did well.
To give an idea of some of our difficulties on this night, I might mention that the hospital in the church, as soon as
emptied, became filled again by men stepping out of the ranks as they passed, in search of their companions, or for something
to eat or drink. Having no guard, we were very much embarrassed and incommoded by this crowd, and it required a great
amount of exertion before order and quiet could be secured. And here I would recommend all medical directors to wear con
spicuously the insignia of their rank while on duty, as I found it rather awkward, notwithstanding I had on the usual undress
uniform of an officer, to have my right to give orders repeatedly questioned by surgeons, hospital stewards, and others, who,
having had directions from those known to them, were unwilling to obey strangers if the commands appeared different from
those they had been receiving. A medical director should always have with him at least two mounted orderlies to convey his
orders, and, if necessary, to enforce them.
As soon as General Tyler, who commanded the division which had engaged the enemy, arrived, I sought him and
obtained a sufficient number of men as a guard for all our hospitals, and to procure a supply of water for our wounded. An
EEPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR KING. 3
incident winch occurred at Centreville will show how the distinction so often made between Federal and State soldiers may
operate injuriously to the service. I had directed an ambulance with two wounded soldiers to he taken to a large dwelling
selected as a hospital, and to have them placed in charge of the medical officer in attendance. Passing some hours after, I found
these men still in the ambulance, and, on inquiry, was informed that the surgeon had declined to receive them because they did
not belong to his regiment, I requested the surgeon, who appeared at the door, to inform me why he had not taken the soldiers
into the hospital, when he commenced an explanation by stating that he considered his obligation to extend no further than to
hi.s own regiment, and he was proceeding, in the most serious and emphatic manner, to justify his course, when I cut short his
argument by promptly ordering the removal of the men from the ambulance, and I remained long enough to see that they
received the necessary attention.
Assistant Surgeon Magruder and I made frequent visits to all the hospitals, assisting in their organization and operations,
and helping to make the wounded as comfortable as our means would admit. This task we completed near midnight, and
completely worn out with fttigue, having eaten nothing since daylight, we sallied out to find our camp at headquarteis.
wherever that might be. In a strange country, on a dark and rainy night, without any information as to where the camp had
been removed since morning, it seemed hopeless to seek it, Presuming it must be somewhere in the rear, we rode in that
direction, and fortunately, after going a mile across the fields, towards a light, we stumbled upon the object of our search.
The 19th and 2Uth of July were occupied in camp, waiting for the arrival of supplies. We embraced the opportunity to
repair our ambulances, and again to visit the hospitals at Centreville. Sensible of the want of additional medical supplies which
would be needed in the event of the expected battle, and knowing that the sympathy of the entire country had been aroused to
the importance of providing with the utmost liberality for our sick and wounded, I felt it my duty to make known our needs to
the .Surgeon General, stating the circumstances in which our army had been left, and the impossibility of bringing with us, for
want ot adequate transportation, a larger amount of medical stores. These points I urged with earnestness, and expressed my
anxiety that nothing should be wanting on my part to the fulfilment of the just expectation of the country; and I requested
that everything should be sent, without stint, that would be required by an army in the field, and on the eve of battle. This
appeal was responded to. I was informed that the needed supplies would be sent next day to Fairfax Station, seven miles
distant, the railroad having been repaired to that place.
All our wounded in the Blackburn's Ford affair that could be removed were forwarded, on July 2(!th, in ambulances,
with a proper escort, to Fairfax Station, to be sent by rail to Alexandria, where I had established a hospital but a few days
before, for the special purpose of receiving our sick and wounded.
On the night of the 20th, all the division commanders were assembled at headquarters, to arrange the plan of battle.
After receiving their orders, the council broke up, about llth o'clock, P. M., with directions to take up the line of march to
Bull Run, before daylight, by the various routes designated.
The chances of the battle to ensue next day were gravely discussed by the staff officers till a late hour of the night. All
seemed deeply impressed with the magr.itude of the events that hung upon the success or defeat of our arms, and longed for the
moment when the suspense would be ended, as AVC hoped, in a glorious victory. It was late before I closed my eyes in sleep,
as I could not help thinking of the strangeness of my position, and could, with difficulty, realize that the army of the Federal
Government was menaced by another composed of our countrymen, the chief leaders of which I had been associated with for
many years at a distant post, and with some of whom I had parted but a few weeks before in New Mexico.
On the morning of July 21st, 1661, the General commanding, accompanied by his staff, passed, at daylight, through our
columns, already moving in the direction of Bull Run, until he reached a point beyond Cub's Bridge, where a road inclined
to the right, through a dense body of timber, and crossed the run a short distance above Sedley Church. Here we halted in
the shade, as the day, even thus early, promised to be one of the hottest of the season. While observing the troops passing, we
discussed the prospects of the day before us. I perceived that our troops marched at double quick, and some at a full run, while
many, overcome by the heat, threw away their blankets and haversacks. I expressed my opinion to the General, that owing to
their rapid movement, the men would be exhausted before they arrived on the scene of action. In this view he acquiesced, and
directed the men not to run ; but, as the officers behind, from an idea that great haste was necessary, constancy repeated the
command to close up, the troops were kept at a run a great part of the way. The weather was excessively hot, and, as one of
the causes of the Bull Run failure, I desire to record my belief that the exhaustion of our forces, by the long and forced march,
contributed as much as anything else to the disasters of the day. The comparative freshness of the rebel troops gave them great
and decided advantage. It is often the case that on what may be termed little things, if there can be such in a battle, the fortune
of war depends. I observed, on several occasions where our men faltered, apparently, or did not pursue with vigor an advantage
gained, that it was manifestly owing to complete exhaustion, rather than to any want of spirit or courage. At one time, when
a small body of troops was called upon by the General and staff to renew the attack, I saw at a glance that their failure to do
so was from inability for further exertion. The spirit of these men was willing, but the flesh was weak.
After Colonel Hunter's Division had filed along the road on the right, as mentioned, General McDowell rode rapidly
ahead, crossing Bull Run just as the advance of Hunter's column was in the act of passing. Advancing through the woods
about half a mile after crossing the creek, we emerged into an open field a short distance beyond Sedley Church. At this
moment we were saluted with a volley of musketry and artillery by the enemy concealed in the woods on our left. Fortunately,
the bullets fell harmlessly, knocking up the dust under our horses' feet, while the cannon balls passed over our heads.
Immediately wheeling round, we had the first view of the rebel forces, in a long line on the slope of a hill. On the General's
remarking, there they are, I beheld the array of grey-coated soldiers who were evidently watching us, and I became
impressed with a sense of that determined resistance to federal authority on the part of the rebels that has since been manifested
so repeatedly. Our troops now hurried forward, the artillery was placed in position, and the action soon became general.
I >e.-iious of seeing all that was going on, I accompanied the General in his visits to those places where the contest raged fiercest.
I was thus enabled to give a comprehensive supervision of affairs connected with the medical department of the army, and to
see that the wounded were being attended to by the regimental officers. I found the medical officers, as a general rule, on the
4 APPENDED DOCUMENTS FIRST BULL EUN.
alert, and many performing their duties coolly mider the fire of the enemy. My impression at the commencement of the battle
was/that there would be a brisk skirmish, and then the rebels would most probably fall back and take up a new position. I
thought it would be a small task, therefore, to make out a list of the killed and wounded, and with notebook in hand I began to
count the number of each. It is a singular fact that I observed near one hundred dead before one wounded! Soon I became
convinced that a most desperate engagement was at hand, and I directed Assistant Surgeon Magruder, who had thus far
remained at the headquarters, to proceed to Sedley Church, which was near by, yet out of the line of fire, and to prepare it,
and if necessary, a couple of houses close to the church, for the reception of our wounded, and to send forward the ambu
lances as rapidly as possible. These orders were promptly executed, and the drivers brought their conveyances as close to
the points where the wounded were as the nature of the ground would permit. Having my saddlebags well supplied with
instruments, dressings, and stimulants. I found frequent occasion for their use in restraining haemorrhage, and in relieving
exhaustion and suffering on the spot where the wound was received.
Twice our men drove the rebels over the crest of the hill, and victory seemed, for a brief period, to perch upon our
banners, and shouts of triumph went up as the General and staff rode along our lines, during a few brief moments, while the
enemy's batteries seemed to have been silenced. But this exultation was of short duration : the rebels again appeared, and
their artillery opened more fiercely than ever. Our men could not be again rallied, from sheer exhaustion mostly, I believe,
and we commenced slowly and sadly to retire. As I followed General McDowell, and about six of the staff officers, to the right
of the enemy, it did not occur to me that all was over and the battle was lost, until we had crossed the creek at five o'clock p. M.
We then entered a field, and dismounted. Hardly had we alighted when some one exclaimed: "General, the enemy are upon
us." Turning to look, we saw the enemy not more than two hundred yards distant. A cannon ball, that struck the ground a
few paces from us, informed us that we were observed ; and, remounting hastily, we galloped across the field, and our steeds
leaping over the fence into a dense forest, we were soon concealed. Pushing our way as rapidly as possible through the thick
nnderirrowth, without heeding scratches or blows, in the direction of Centreville, and avoiding all roads, we finally reached, at
Cub Creek, the way along which we had inarched in the morning, and arrived at Centreville, tired and disappointed, near
sundown. Here we waited for the coining of our straggling troops. After sending them on in advance, followed by all the
wagons, we left at half-past ten o'clock P. M., for Fairfax, where we intended to remain till morning.
The weather, for some time past, had been excessively dry and hot, and the dust of the turnpike, between Centreville
and Fairfax, raised by our soldiers and wagons in passing, floated over the road like a thick fog, and made it impossible to see
for a distance of more than ten paces. In this passage, horse, foot, and vehicles were jammed in great confusion; upturned
wagons and their contents blocked the way at short intervals, making it necessary for horsemen to leave the road and return
again in order to go round the obstructions. 1 may say it was one of the most unpleasant marches of the campaign, and so slow
was our progress that we did not reach Fairfax, a distance of only seven miles, till two o'clock in the morning. I soon became
separated from the General and staff, until on Hearing Fairfax. I recognized Major Brown, one of the General's aids. Finding
we could see nor hear anything of the General, or any one to inform us of the plan of march, we lay down in a field close by
till daylight. As soon as morning dawned, we saddled our horses, and finding the whole army on the march to Washington, we
followed, overtaking the General on the roadside, about seven miles from the city. Fearing that the supplies which had been
ordered to Fairfax Station might fall into the hands of the Confederates, I obtained permission from General McDowell to
ha>ten forward to Washington to inform the Surgeon General, if not too late, to have them returned to Alexandria. Fortunately
there had been some delay, and, on inquiry, it was found that the supplies had not left the latter place.
A report of Assistant Surgeon Magruder, U. S. A., as given below, in regard to our wounded, conveyed, during the
action, to Sedley Church, will show all that was done up to the time of our defeat, and compelled abandonment of the field.
Our retreat from the ground occupied, operated like a curtain to conceal from view all knowledge of the subsequent history
of our cases, or the results of our ministrations. So rigidly and effectually were all avenues closed by the rebels, that no
attempt to obtain information met with any success.
A few days after the battle, General Wadsworth, with a flag of truce, entered the enemy's lines to bring away the
remains of one or two distinguished officers, and also to succor, and, if possible, to remove our wounded. I, and Assistant
Surgeon Schell, U. S. A., followed with thirty-nine ambulances, and arrived at midnight at Bailey's Cross Roads, which was in
possession of our pickets, there to await the return of the General, when we were to be informed of the result of his mission.
At daylight next morning, finding that he had not come back, T took several ambulances and procured everything that I
thought would be required for wounded men on the way, and hastened back again to Bailey's Cross Roads. Arriving in that
vicinity, I met Dr. Schell with the remainder of the ambulances, proceeding back to Washington. He informed me that General
McDowell had completely failed to obtain the permission desired, and that the enemy's cavalry having driven in our pickets,
he was fearful lest the ambulances, with their supplies, should be captured. All the knowledge gained was, that the wounded
would, probably, be removed to Richmond. A few days after, I was ordered to report for duty with General Banks's Division,
and I therefore close this narrative. I am aware that this medical history of the campaign is very meagre ; yet, imperfect as it
is, it may serve as a record of events not supplied by other reports.
ARLINGTON HKIGHTS, VIRGINIA,
July 25<A, 1861.
"DOCTOR : In compliance with your wishes, expressed during a conversation this morning, I have the honor to submit the
following very brief report in relation to the engagement at Bull Run :
On the morning of the 21st inst,, as you are aware, I accompanied General McDowell, as one of his staff, to the battle
field, when I remained with yourself and the other members of his staff, in close attendance upon the General, until ordered by
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR KING. 0
you, as medical director, to go in search of some bouse or houses, as near the field as possible, suitable to be converted into
a hospital for the wounded. After only a short search, I found and took possession of a stone church, pleasantly situated in a
grove of timber, directly on the side and to the right of the road we had passed on advancing to tbe attack. I then ordered
that the ambulances should proceed to the field, as quickly as possible, to bring oft' the wounded to the hospital, which order
was executed very promptly.
Upon taking possession of the church, I set men to work at removing the seats from the body of the church, with as little
injury to them as practicable; had the floor covered with what blankets could be found, buckets of water brought, instruments
and dressings placed in convenient places for use, an operating table improvised, and sent off" men to the fields near by to bring
hay for bedding. Very soon after the work of fitting up the building had begun the ambulances commenced returning from
the field loaded with wounded men. In about two hours the church, both upon the main floor and in the gallery, was com
pletely filled, and I was obliged to take possession of three other unoccupied buildings, which are situated about seventy-five
paces further down and on the opposite side of the road towards the creek. So soon as I could get them cleared out, wounded
men were carried into them until they were filled also. For want of other buildings, I was obliged to order many of the
wounded to be laid under the trees, in the grove immediately around the church.
As soon as I had established the hospitals, and the work of removing the wounded to them had commenced, quite a
number of medical officers of different regiments came in, offered their services, and betook themselves immediately to work in
rendering all the assistance in their power. Among those particularly distinguished, it affords me pleasure to mention the names
of Assistant Surgeons C. C. Gray, II. R. Silliman and G. M. Sternberg of the medical corps of the regular army, Surgeon C.
Gray, llth New York Volunteers, Surgeon Foster Swift, and Assistant Surgeons Winston and l)e Graw of the 8th Regiment New
York Militia. Several others also distinguished themselves in their assiduous attentions to the wounded, but, as their names
are unknown to me, I am unable to mention them as I should wish to do.
I had no opportunity to ascertain correctly the number of wounded brought to the hospitals, but think there could not
have been less than two hundred and fifty.
Several capital operations were performed, and many of a minor character also, before the rush of the retreating columns
crowded the hospitals so completely that work for the time being was suspended.
After the retreat commenced, and it was found impossible to carry off the wounded, it became a question as to which of
the medical gentlemen present would remain to take care of the wounded. Assistant Surgeons Gray and Sternberg, of the
regular army, volunteered to surrender themselves as prisoners, for the purpose of taking charge of the regular soldiers, and
Surgeon Swift and Assistant Surgeons Winston and De Graw, of the 8th Regiment New York Militia, also gave themselves up
to attend the wounded of their regiment and others of the volunteer forces. These gentlemen all staid at the hospital located by
me in accordance with your order.
I have the honor to be, Doctor, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
D. S. MAGTU'DEK,"
Dr. W. S. KING, Assistant Suryeon U. S. A.
Medical Director, Dcjmrtinent If.E. Virginia, Arlington Heijlits, Va.
The following very imperfect resum6 is added:
1st. Our troops, in the action of July' 18th, 18(51, were exposed to the fire of artillery at long range. In the battle on the
21st of July. 18(51, of Hull Run, the troops were exposed to the fire of artillery and musketry at long and short range.
Duration of battle, seven hours.
2d. The casualties of the action at Black!>uru's Ford, July 18th, 1861, were as follows, (approximately):
Killed 10
Wounded 3:$
Aggregate 415
Three of the wounded died within twenty-four hours after the reception of their wounds. The wounded in the above action were
sent, on the evening of the 20th of July, in ambulances to Alexandria.
3d. Many of the wounded of the Hull Run fight found their way to Alexandria, and accompanying our army in its retreat,
were helped along to the hospitals in the vicinity of Washington ; many who gave out by the way, were brought in the day
following in ambulances sent out for them. I can form no idea of their number. Immediately after the action, I directed the
regimental medical officers to send in a report of the casualties of their respective regiments.
As large numbers who were at first reported killed are found to have straggled only, a long time usually is required to
obtain correct results after a battle. I was ordered to join General Hanks's division before the reports were received sufficient
for an approximation even. I must, therefore, refer you to reports of General McDowell, or to Assistant Surgeon Magruder,
U. S. A., who remained with the command.
The wounded, during the action, were removed from such portions of the field as were accessible, to Sedley Church and
vicinity, as described in the report of Assistant Surgeon Magruder. The maps will show the situation of this church.
I am unable to make any report as to our wounded on the field in possession of the enemy, and have no knowledge as
to where they or those left ill the hospital at Sedley Church and buildings near by, were removed.
The report of the General commanding will show the strength of the command.
\V S. KING,
(SV »•.'/""' <l lid Mnllr.il Dinrtnr.
6 APPENDED DOCUMENTS FIRST BULL RUN.
II. Report to Gen. L McDowell, Commanding the Department of Northeast Virginia, relative
to the Operations of the Medical Department at the Battle of Bull Run. By Surgeon
^,Y. S. KING, Medical Director.
ARLINGTON, DEPARTMENT N.E. VIIJOINFA,
Jitl;/ 2fit/,, 1861.
Sin : Being chief of the medical staff serving with the army in the department of Northeast Virginia, I have the honor
to make the following report of so much of the results of the action on the 21st, at Bull Run, as came within my charge. As
the officers of the medical staff were attached to the different regiments, and on duty witli them, I deemed it proper to remain
with and accompany the general commanding and staff, from the beginning to the termination of the battle, in order that I
niinlit be present if any were wounded, and also that I might be enabled to visit, in this way, every part of the field where the
killed and wounded might be found. After the action had fairly commenced, and the wounded and dead were lying on the
field in every direction, I dispatched Assistant Surgeon D. L. Magruder, U. S. A., to the rear, with directions to prepare a
church, which I had observed as we passed to the scene of action, for the reception of our wounded, and also to send the ambu
lances forward, as rapidly as possible, to pick up the wounded and dead. In a very few minutes the ambulances made their
appearance, and continued throughout the day to visit every part of the ground which was accessible, in order to be within
reach of those parts of the field where the fighting was going on, and wounded were to be found. It is due to the ambulance
drivers to say that they performed their duties efficiently, and the results of their operations also show how absolutely necessary
these means of conveyance are to the comfort and relief of the wounded in giving them shelter and water, when they are ready
to perish with heat or thirst. By means of the ambulances, also, the men who go to the relief of their wounded comrades are
separated but a short time from their companies, as, having deposited them in the ambulances, they can return to their proper
positions. As the general commanding visited almost every part of the ground during the conflict, with a view to encourage
or direct the movements of the troops, my position, as a member of his staff, gave me every opportunity of seeing the results of
the action. I therefore embraced the opportunity thus offered to give directions, when needed, to the drivers of ambulances,
where to find the dead and wounded, and also to those carrying off the wounded, where they could find the needed conveyances.
The stretchers were found very useful and comfortable to the wounded, and were in constant requisition in carrying them to the
nearest ambulances. So far as I am informed, the medical staffs belonging to the different volunteer regiments discharged their
duties satisfactorily. I observed Acting Assistant Surgeon Miles busily engaged in dressing wounded men under the shade of
a tree in a part of the field where the fire from the enemy was very hot. He addressed me a brief inquiry as I passed relative; to
the safety of his father, and then resumed his occupation. Surgeon C. C. Keeney, U. S. A., of Col. Hunter's division, and Assistant
Surgeon D. L. Magruder, U. S. A., attached to the commanding general's staff, did good service in the hospital church I have
mentioned, and also in two houses near the church where the wounded were placed after the church had been filled. These
officers remained busily engaged in their duties until the enemy's cavalry made their appearance, and but narrowly escaped cap
ture when they left. Drs. Swift and Winston, attached to the Eighth New York, remained with their sick, sacrificing all selfish
considerations for their own safety, in order that the wounded might not be neglected, and are now prisoners. I am informed
that Assistant Surgeons Gray and Sternbeig, of the regular army, and Drs. Homiston and Swalm, of the Fourteenth New York,
also preferred to remain rather than abandon their charge; the conduct of these officers is worthy of all commendation. It
would be premature in me, in the absence of sufficient data, the reports of the regimental surgeons not yet being received, to
express a positive opinion as to the number killed and wounded in the action of the 21st ; there were, no doubt, many concealed
from observation under cover of the woods and bushes ; but, judging from the number I saw in various parts of the field, and
allowing a wide margin for those unobserved, I should think that the killed and wounded, on our side, did not exceed from
eight hundred to one thousand. The impossibility of making a careful survey of the field, after the battle had ceased, must be
my apology for the brevity and want of detail in this report. It may not be amiss to mention that I met on the field Col. Heint-
zelman, U. S. A., with a Minie ball in his arm. I extracted the ball as he sat on his horse, and applied the necessary dressings;
he could not be persuaded to leave his command. As I carried with me a case of instruments and a supply of dressings, I
attended to a number of cases on the field, where, from haemorrhage and other circumstances, immediate attention seemed to be
necessary.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
(Signed) W. S. KING,
iSurr/con and Medical Director.
Captain .1. B. Fi:v,
Assistant Adjutant General, U. S. A.
III. Extract from a Report of Services at the First Battle of Bull Run. By Assistant Surgeon
C. C. GRAY, U. S. Army.
1 left Arlington on July loth, 1861, with the advance of the army upon Manassas, having the medical care of
five companies of regular cavalry, commanded by Major I. N. Palmer, U. S. A. Nothing of interest transpired until the 18th,
when a fight took place at Blackburn's Ford between a reconnoitering force under General Tyler and a Confederate force under
the immediate command of General Bonham, of South Carolina. This affair lasted for about three hours. Our fire was prin
cipally from artillery. Supplies for the wounded on the field were sufficient. There was, however, difficulty in obtaining
The wounded were immediately removed to Centreville, ambulance wagons being sent forward for the purpose. The
wounds were chiefly from small arms loaded with round balls. I saw no operations performed on the field; but several ampu-
is were made at Centreville. Our loss was, 1 think, about litty killed and wounded. The Confederate loss, I subsequently
ied. was sixty-eight. Our forces were reproached by the Confederates for having fired upon a hospital situated about a mile
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SURGEON GRAY. 7
from our advanced battery. No damage was done, I believe, and the firing was from ignorance of the meaning of the flag flying
over the hospital. I know this to be true, as I was standing by the officer who sighted the piece. My attention, during
the engagement, was mainly directed to the removal of wounded from the field. I performed no operations. The only
case of interest under my immediate care was that of Lieutenant Lorraine, od U. S. Artillery, shot through the tarsus, by a
musket ball. There was profuse and troublesome primary haemorrhage in this case. On Sunday, July 21st, the army moved
upon the rebel position. I was attached to Colonel Porter's Brigade of General Hunter's Division. We made a long detour to
the right, turned the enemy's left, and became engaged about noon. The cavalry not being brought into action, I left them, by
permission, and gave assistance to the wounded of Colonel Burnside's Brigade, immediately in advance of us. and suffering
severely. Few ambulances could come up, and our attentions consisted chiefly in conveying the injured men into the shade,
giving them water, extracting balls, etc. About two in the afternoon, I received an order from Assistant Surgeon Magruder,
U. S. A., to report immediately at Sedley Church, a small building surrounded by farm houses, about half a mile in the rear of
Bull Run. Here was the principal depot for wounded. I remained here till the retreat commenced, about five in the afternoon.
At that time not more than a tenth of the wounded had received attention, and I determined to remain, if practicable. I sug
gested this to Dr. Magr.ud.er, and received his permission. After our retreating column had passed this hospital, I went out to
meet the advance of the rebels, to explain the nature of the duties on which my companions and I were engaged, and to ask
permission to continue them unmolested, for shot were beginning to fly near the hospital. The officer to whom I surrendered,
a lieutenant of Virginia cavalry, was an unreasonable man, and would neither permit me to return to our wounded, nor promise
any protection to our hospital. I was compelled to accompany his party to Manassas Junction, eight miles distant, which place we
reached about ten at night, when I was turned over to the chief medical officer, Dr. Gaston, of South Carolina. Observing my
exhausted condition, he obtained permission for me to sleep on the floor of a Confederate hospital. In the morning, he sent me,
with Dr. Lewis, of the Wisconsin Volunteers, with a captured two-wheeled ambulance of the Coolidge pattern, to assist in
collecting and caring for our wounded on the field. It was raining, and, on reaching the battle-ground, we found these unfor
tunates suffering much from cold. We soon found that many must perish before we could possibly remove them, and, accord
ingly, we were obliged to select such for immediate removal as it seemed possible to save by treatment and shelter. AVe were
told to seek that shelter for ourselves, and we bore most of the patients to a farm house called the Lewis House, already nearly
full of rebel wounded. Here we found Colonel AVilcox and Captain Ricketts, severely wounded. The house a:id outbuildings
were soon packed with wounded, and still many were left on the field, and numbers doubtless died for want of timely assistance.
AVe were unable to operate in many cases urgently requiring, as our instruments had been taken from us. AAre suffered much for
want of food, water, and blankets. For the first, we were dependent upon the precarious bounty of our enemies, themselves
short of provisions, and upon the knapsacks of the dead; for the second, upon a small muddy spring half mile distant, a broken
pitcher IK ing our best means of transportation. AVe had blankets for but five or six men. AVe found a large supply of linen
in a chest of drawers, and turned it to account for dressings. The amputations performed were, with one exception, done by
Dr. Darby, of Hampton's South Carolina Legion. Dr. Darby was very kind, and, I believe, did bis best to alleviate our situa
tion. Our instructions were to forward the patients to Manassas, as fast as possible, for removal to Richmond; and a peculiar
vehicle, known as a Virginia wagon, and eminently adapted for an instrument of torture, called daily to take such as could be
moved. In a week, all of our surviving patients, excepting the two officers, Colonel AA'ilcox and Captain Ricketts, had been
sent to Manassas Junction, and, on Sunday, July 28th, I accompanied the last load to that depot. At Manassas. I met Surgeon
Thomas II. AVilliams, medical director of General Beauregard's army, and was informed by him that I should remain at the
Station, and assist in placing our wounded, as they arrived, upon the cars destined to transport them to Richmond. During the
few days that I was thus employed, I witnessed suffering which I shudder to remember. Our wounded arriving from the field,
from which they came crowded in rough army wagons, and under a scorching sun, had to be thrust into freight cars, in which
they were obliged to lie on the bare floor. Often they had been a whole day without food, and time was barely allowed us to "
furnish them with water. These railroad trains, having no right of track, were sometimes two days in reaching Richmond.
Numbers died on the road. I do not think that Surgeon Williams was responsible for this state of affairs ; nor am I certain that it
could have been entirely avoided. I proceeded to Richmond on a train with Colonel AATilcox and about sixty wounded privates.
Two of the latter died, exhausted, before reaching the end of the journey, the trip taking twenty -four hours ; neither food, water,
nor medicine, were provided. At Richmond, I was sent by General AVinder to assist in the treatment of our wounded at the
tobacco warehouse hospital, now become historical and infamous, at which place I remained, with some eight or ten federal
surgeons, till the l(!th of September, when, an order having been issued to send South all field and regular officers able to travel,
I was included in a part}' of thirty-three officers and about one hundred privates, to go to Fort Pinckney, Charleston harbor.
At the battle of Bull Bun, our medical supplies were good, but inaccessible. T,.e rebels had few of their own. and did not
make a very judicious use of what they captured. The greater number of our wounded were injured by round musket balls.
The wounds inflicted on the Confederates were of a graver character, a large proportion of them being from conoidal rifle
balls and canister shot. I saw no cases of excisions; amputations prevailed, and, as a rule, resulted badly. I learned of no
deaths from chloroform, the anaesthetic generally employed. I do not think that the number of our wounded readied one
thousand. Although circumstances apparently favored the development of tetanus, no cases were observed. Gunshot fractures
of the thigh were particularly fatal, whether a-mputated or treated conservatively. Cases were about equally divided between
the two methods of treatment. I saw about twelve treated conservatively; one only survived. In penetration of a single lung,
the results were favorable, half recovering. I saw no cases of 'erysipelas or gangrene. At Richmond, our wounded, except
those that were crowded, were as well cared for as could have been expected. The few medicines we needed were at command.
Water was abundant, a bath tub on each floor; dressings were, generally, plentiful; and food, though coarse and lacking in
variety, was supplied in sufficient quantity."
[Assistant Surgeon Gray then recounts the circumstances attending his incarceration in Richmond, Charleston, Columbia,
and Salisbury, and his release on July xWth, 18G2, and then resumes the relation of his surgical experiences. The latter part of
his report will be printed in connection with documents relating to the battle of Antietam. ]
8 APPENDED DOCUMENTS — FIRST BULL RUN.
IV. Extract from a Report on the Duties assigned to him, from the Outbreak of the Rebellion
till May 1st, 1863. By Assistant Surgeon G. M. STERNBERG, U. S. Army.
* * * "I was ordered to report for duty with five companies of the Third United States Infantry, two companies of the
Second Infantry, and one company of the Eighth "infantry, forming a hattalion under the command of Captain G. Sykes, U. S. A.
* * * This battalion of regulars was attached to the division of Colonel D. Hunter, IT. S. A., and took up the line of inarch
at davhreak on the 21st of July. After proceeding some distance beyond Centreviile, a road to the right was taken, which,
followed through open fields and woods for about ten miles, brought the head of the column to Bull Run at a point above the
enemy's position. 'The stream was forded, and the column proceeded at double-quick towards the field of action. The battalion
ofregulare was soon engaged; the enemy was driven some distance, and many of their dead and wounded were left on the
"round. The fight continued until between three and four o'clock in the afternoon, when our troops began to give way, and
were soon in full retreat. * * * I followed the retreating army as far as Sedley Church, where I found nearly three hun
dred of our wounded, and determined to remain. Several medical officers of volunteer regiments also remained at this place.
We at once raised a white flag, and commenced doing what we could for the wounded. Shortly after the last of our troops
passed the church, a company of the enemy's cavalry rode up and took possession. The following morning a cold rain com
menced, which continued almost without intermission for two days. The church would not hold all of our wounded, and many
wre Ivin'f around in front of it. I obtained a detail of men from the commander of the cavalry troop to erect a shelter. We
made a frame about thirty feet in length by twenty in width, and covered it with rubber blankets, great numbers of which had
been left on the road by the men in their retreat. A number of capital operations were performed at the church, but, owing to
the want of food and stimulants, and to the unfavorable circumstances under which the men were placed, most of these cases
terminated fatally within twenty-four hours. On Monday, July 22d, a small quantity of corn meal was obtained from a house
near the church, and some gruel was made. A cup of this was given to nearly every man, and this was all the food we were
able to obtain for them till Monday evening, when all the medical officers were taken from Sedley Church to Manassas. How
the wounded fared after we were taken from them I do not know. At Manassas we were lodged in a barn with some thirty or
forty other prisoners, officers and privates, under guard. On Tuesday, all but three of our number took a parole not to serve
again during the war. Those of us who refused to take this parole, were shortly after allowed to go out and attend our wounded,
upon giving a parole not to attempt to escape for five days. I found a large number of wounded lying under a shed by the
railroad depot, and more were constantly brought in from the field. On July 25th, I was sent to Centreviile, where I found a
number of men who were wounded at the affair at Blackburn's Ford. They were generally doing well. On Sunday evening,
the 28th July, my parole having expired the evening before, and a favorable opportunity offering, I made my escape from Cen
treviile, and. after a tedious tramp, arrived in Washington on the following Tuesday, July oOth, 18iil, footsore and weary.'' * *
[Other extracts from Assistant Surgeon Sternberg's report will be printed in connection with the reports on the
Peninsular campaign.]
V. Extract from a Narrative of Services. By Surgeon ZENAS E. BLISS, U. S. Volunteers.
"The skirmishers of General Richardson's Brigade engaged the enemy at Blackburn's Ford, about noon, on
July 18th, 1861. ; The first wounded were taken to a ravine a little to the left of the position of the Federal battery;
but this place becoming too hot, the surgeon and his assistants retired to a point two hundred yards to the left and rear.
There was a great scarcity of water. After primary dressing, the wounded were conveyed to Centreviile, about two miles
distant.'' * * *
VI. Extract from a Narrative of Services. By Assistant Surgeon 0. S. DE GRAW, U. S. Army.
"1 had the position of assistant surgeon to the Eighth New York State Militia. * * * On the memorable
21st of July, my regiment went into action about the middle of the forenoon. * * In following it to the field, I entered a
thicket in which lay a large number of wounded, with only an assistant surgeon of the 71st New York Infantry attending them.
As he had more than lie could possibly care for by himself, I remained to assist him. Here many wounded were brought us,
who were temporarily dressed and forwarded to the hospital at Sedley Church. About the middle of the afternoon, I placed a
severely wounded man of my regiment in an ambulance and accompanied him to the division hospital. Here I was detailed as
an assistant. In the course of an hour I observed large bodies of troops passing in a disorderly, hurried manner. The question
immediately arose among the surgeons whether we should remain to take care of the wounded.' After deliberation, some medical
eeided to join the retreat. Surgeon Stewart. 1st Minnesota, Sergeant Peugnet, 71st New York, Surgeon Swift, Assistant
Surgeon Winston and myself, of the Hth New York, and a number of others, decided to remain, and proceeded in the discharge
About dusk, a detachment of cavalry, under command of Lieutenant Cameron, surrounded the church.
re ordered to repoit to this officer. Upon doing so, we were informed that we were to consider ourselves prisoners of
ie army of the Confederate States of America. We were then requested to give our parole not to attempt an escape.
I, {.on doing so, we were allowed to proceed with our duties, each surgeon being allowed to choose one from among the prisoners
is an attendant. On Monday, July 2v!d, an order arrived transferring us to Manassas. We reached the Junction at midnight,
were informed that a mistake had been marie, and that no order had been issued taking us from the wounded. The circum
stances of the case rendered this statement rather doubtful. On July 23,1, Col Preston, of Gen. Beauregard's staff, came
EXTRACTS FROM REPORTS OF MEDICAL OFFICERS. U
to us, bringing a parole for us to sign. Upon asking if we would bo allowed to return to our hospital to attend to our
wounded if we did not sign this parole, we were emphatically answered in the negative. Many of the medical officers captured
at Sedley Church then signed the parole, and were immediately returned to the hospital. A heavy rain had prevailed during
our absence, and the wounded had suffered greatly, having had no surgical attendance. On July 25th, the Confederate authori
ties ordered that the wounded should be conveyed, as rapidly as possible, to Richmond and other points where general hospitals
had been established. There was such haste in transportation, that many died in transit. The wounded being all removed by
August 2d, we ourselves were transferred to Manassas Junction to be sent to Richmond. Gen. Beauregard forwarded with us
a request to the Confederate Secretary of War that we should be sent home as soon as our services were no longer required,
inasmuch as we were non-combatants and had given ourselves up voluntarily for the purpose of attending our wounded. Upon
our arrival in Richmond we were ordered by the Secretary of War to find quarters until our cases were decided upon. On
August 10th, we were ordered to report immediately to Gen. Winder, commanding the post, to be sent home the next day.
From Gen. Winder we received a copy of a parole, witnessed by himself. On August llth, we were sent to Fort Monroe under
flag of truce. At Sedley Church hospital we had a plentiful supply of water, there being a good spring close by.
For the first day or two, food and soups were very much needed, inasmuch as we had no means of supplying ourselves. By
that time, some of the inhabitants of the surrounding country, recognizing our wants, began bringing soup, chickens, eggs,
milk, butter, etc., so that, considering the circumstances, the wounded fared quite well. There being some two hundred
wounded at this hospital, for want of room in the buildings, many were necessarily exposed for a day or two. Owing to the
surgeons being removed to Manassas Junction the day after the battle, the exposure was protracted longer than it would other
wise have been. Immediately after our return, we made shelter for those exposed, using blankets, overcoats, and whatever else
was attainable that would serve our purpose. The heat was intense, and the men suffered excessively therefrom."
VII. Extract from a Report of h'ts Medical Services. By Assistant Surgeon "W. W. KEEN, jr.
Fifth Massachusetts Volunteers.
" The 5th Massachusetts infantry left Alexandria, on July 16th, 1831, in the brigade of Colonel A. E. Bnrnside.
Our supply of medical stores was amply sufficient; but we had no means of transporting them, and they had to be left in the
teams of the quartermaster to be forwarded from Alexandria. The first hospital I was, at during the battle, was at a spriner, about
half a mile beyond Sedley Church, near which our brigade crossed Bull Run. Here we had instruments and dressings, water,
and a canteen of brandy. Afterwards, I went, by order, to the church. Our drum corps was with the ambulances in the field,
and, so far as I know, there was no other detail made to attend to the fatigue duties at this hospit.il, such as removing wounded,
preparing food, bringing1 water, etc. I left this hospital between four and five o'clock in the afternoon, on the approach of the
Confederates, with Colonel Lawrence, who was wounded The wounded were exposed that night to rain ; but it was not
uncomfortably cold. The operations I saw were all amputations or extractions of balls, but the main thing done? was to apply
primary water dressings. There were many cases where simple cerate was unwisely used. It is proper to state, in extenuation
of the faults observed, that they were mostly, in my opinion, due to the utter lack of experience on the part of medical officers,
and I would by no means exclude myself, of both the mode of obtaining supplies and the proper persons to apply to. In
Jime of peace and order it is difficult, at first, to understand the forms of the regulations ; but in the excitement of such times as
July, IHfil, and in the urgency of battle, with no books at command among officers, to most of whom army regulations were a
mvth, many defects may be excused. Comparing the present admirable regulations, what progress is exhibited and what credit
reflected on the wise, humane, and energetic men who have brought such order and system out of chaos and confusion !''
VIII. Extract from Report of Services after the Eirst Battle of Bull Run. By Assistant
Surgeon CHARLES 11. GREENLEAF, (I. S. A.
* "After the first battle of Bull Run I was detailed to bring the wounded to the hospitals in Washington. A
number had received no surgical care, and the great majority had been exposed to heavy rain. Ambulances being placed at
my disposal by Colonel D. H. Rucker, Quartermaster, U. S. A., the wounded were removed to the Union Hotel Hospital, at
Georgetown, and to the Columbian College, E Street, C Street, and Liberty Hall Hospitals, Washington. Wounded prisoners
were conveyed to the hospital of the Old Capitol Prison, an hospital of which I then had the immediate charge. The number
of wounded whose removal I supervised was about two hundred.''
IX. Ertract from a Narrative of Services from the Commencement of the Rebellion till July
ISM, 18113. By Surgeon II. P. STEARNS, U. S. Volunteers.
•• I received, April 18th, 1HG1, a commission as Surgeon of the 1st Connecticut Volunteers. Colonel D. Tyler,
commanding, to serve for the period of three mouths. The regiment was mustered out of service in August, without the deatli
of any per.-on connected with it. In the early part of June the regiment received orders to proceed to Virginia, and,
soon after, to the advance of the army, remaining at Falls Church till the movement of the army to Ceiitreville and Bull Hun.
During the first two days, the 1st and vM Connecticut led the advance under command of Colonel E. D. Keyes, U. S. A. At
IQ APPENDED DOCUMENTS BALLS BLUFF.
the battle of Bull Kun, the 1st Connecticut was in the reserve, and received orders to advance to the field at ten in the forenoon.
After it had advanced about one mile, I selected a h:>use to be used as an hospital, and hoisted the hospital Hag, and gave orders
to the musicians of the band, who had been detailed for that purpose, to follow the regiment and bring the wounded to the
hospital. The regiment was not hotly engaged during the day, and consequently only a few were slightly wounded. The
morale and general condition of the regiment was as good as could be expected of any troops who had seen so little service,
and the time of whose enlistment expired upon the day of the battle. Their approximate strength was between 600 and 700.
The supplies of medicines and hospital stores were ample. There was one four-wheeled two-horse ambulance, no hospital
tent, and but two ordinary wall tents for hospital uses. I cannot give the precise location of the house chosen by me. It was
not within the range of the enemy's guns, and had four rooms. Water was abundant, but we had no soups, and no food, during
the time I remained upon the field, except such as was in the knapsacks. The wounded in my regiment were so slightly
injured that they walked from the field. The wounds were in the upper extremities. The wounded of other regiments, who
were brought for care to the hospital established by me, were generally borne upon blankets fastened to poles, as the nature of
the giound was such that they could not be conveyed in ambulances. The regiment was upon the field about five and a half
hours. The wounded were taken care of by me until the regiment was mustered out of service. No operations were required,
except the amputation of one finger, for those wounded in my regiment. Chloroform was given sufficiently to quiet pain in the
extraction of balls. There were no deaths. The number of wounded was about eight or ten."
[Other extracts from the narrative of Surgeon Stearns will be printed with documents relating to the western campaigns.]
X. Extract from a Report of Services from April, 1861, to June, 1863. By Surgeon C. F. II.
CAMPBELL, U. S. Volunteers.
* * * "On the 17th of April, 1331, I left Philadelphia, with the 23d Pennsylvania Volunteers, as assistant surgeon.
On the 2d of July, the whole army, under Major General Patterson, advanced across the Potomac river at Williams-
port, Maryland. ' The enemy were reported to be in force, a few miles to our front, to resist our advance on Martinsburg.
t'pon advancing about three miles, to a place called llainesville, or Falling Waters, they opened upon us with artillery and
musketry, and thus was the first action of the war in Northern Virginia initiated. The enemy, in line of battle, two thousand
seven hundred strong, were under Col. T. J. Jackson, the celebrated '' Stonewall '' of later fame, while our advance brigade.
Colonel George If. Thomas, 2d U. S. Cavalry, commanding, numbered about two thousand men of all arms. The action was
sharp and vigorous for about one hour, when the enemy broke and retreated in confusion, pursued by our cavalry. The
casualties attending this skirmish did not amount to more than eight men killed and fifteen wounded. * * A small house on
tlie roadside, contiguous to the field, was converted into a temporary hospital, where the wounded were received. The wounds
were all from gunshot, and principally of the lower extremities, produced by round musket balls, buckshot, and, in one or two
instances, by sphero-conical balls, fired at a range of from sixty to two hundred or three hundred yards. These wounds were,
in no instance which presented itself to the writer, of a necessarily fatal character. As fast as the facilities of ambulance trans
portation offered, these men were removed to the general hospital at Hagerstown, Maryland, arrangements for their reception
having been carefully provided by Surgeon C. S. Tripler, U. S. A., medical director of the army."
XL Extracts from Reports of the Wounded at the Engagement at Ball's Bluff, Virginia,
October 2lst, 1861. By Surgeon A. B. CROSBY, U". S. Volunteers.
" Early in the day, anticipating an action, I ordered forty-two fresh beds made in the brigade hospital, at the
time nearly completed, and took possession of two large halls in town, and caused them to be abundantly supplied with fresh
straw. An ambulance train was ordered to Edwards's Ferry, and another to Conrad's Ferry, to await orders ; it being doubtful
where the engagement might occur.
I took a position with General Stone, on a height near Edwards's Ferry. The engagement took place on a bluff, opposite
Harrison's Island, between the two ferries, probably four miles above Edwards's, and a mile and a halt below Conrad's. When
it became evident that an engagement was taking place, I asked permission ot General Stone to repair to the scene, and was
ordered to do so at once. Brigade Surgeon Bryant accompanied me. We arrived when the retreat had fairly commenced, and
each boat, coming from the island, brought wounded men. A horse and barn on the island were used as a hospital, where the
severer injuries were cared for. The difficulties in the way of getting off the wounded were very great. They were to be
transported from the Virginia shore to the island, thence to the main land, where they were landed on the tow-path of the canal.
The tow-path was entirely filled witli artillery, and, unfortunately, the regimental ambulances had been taken across the canal
on to the bank of the river by a flat boat, which was afterwards put into the river to transport troops, so that they were
rendered useless.
Requesting Brigade Surgeon Bryant to stop the wounded at the point where they crossed, and a skiff being discovered
further down the canal, I ordered the wounded to be put across the canal as rapidly as possible. Pushing my horse by the
artillery to Conrad's Ferry. I went through an arch under the canal, and ordered the ambulance train there to take down the
inces and to drive to the point where the wounded were being put across the canal. It was now quite dark, but we were so
fortunate as to find two barns about a mile from this point. These were rapidly cleared, and the floors were covered with
I ordered fires to be lighted along the path through the woods as a guide to the ambulances, and, returning to the
lal, ordered Assistant Surgeons Fassard and McNiel, to repair to the barns and receive the wounded. Then crossing on to
the island, I found Brigade Surgeons Bryant and Lidell together with Surgeon Hay ward and Assistant Surgeon Huven. These
REPORT OF SURGEON A. P> CROSBY. 11
gentlemen were untiring in their relief of the wounded, and in supervising their subsequent removal. Directions were given
that all the wounded on the island should he removed and transported by canal boat to Edwards's Ferry during the night, and
thence, by ambulances, to Poolesville. Returning to the barns I busied myself with the wounded, and promising to send an
ambulance train early the next morning to remove them to Poolesville, I returned to headquarters in season to receive the first
wounded that arrived, and, by six o'clock A. M., commenced performing the necessary operations at the Brigade Hospital.
Surgeon Osborne and some other surgeons, whose names I am not familiar with, did good service at Conrad's Ferry and other
points.
I have already furnished General Stone with an official list of one hundred and sixty wounded, and there are, undoubt
edly, more in private houses, and among those who have straggled. Of these, about a hundred are provided for here, and the
remainder in their regimental hospitals.
It is greatly to the credit ot the surgeons that there were tew amputations; I think not more than ten in all. Most ot
the balls have been removed. None have died who underwent amputation, and only five or six since the wounded were first
dressed. There was, with very few exceptions, an entire absence of shock, and the men are now well cared for and cheerful.
Most of the wounds were about the shoulders or the extremities. Thus far the wounds are looking healthy, and, apparently,
very few secondary operations will be necessary. It is believed that, almost without exception, the wounded were covered,
and their wounds well dressed, within the first four and twenty hours.
The advantage of a drilled ambulance corps, short as our drill in that respect has been, was very observable, and the
ambulance trains did their work well. *
Pardon the hasty and desultory character of this communication."
**###*##* ********
'' The whole number comprised in the list of wounded is one hundred and sixty-nine. The following rough table
gives the number of wounds in the different regions of the body:
Wounds of the Head and Face 93
" " " Neck 4
" " Chest 10
" " " Abdomen 15
" " Back 5
" " " Shoulder 18
" " " Arm '2(3
" " Elbow 4
". " Wrist 4
" " " Hand.. . 9
Wounds of the Hip 11
" " Thigh 32
" " Knee 7
" " " Leg 14
" " Ankle 7
" " " Foot 10
" " " Testicle 1
Deaths since the engagement 12
Compound fractures 4
Large amputations 8
Under wounds of the chest, several wounds of the lungs are included. None of these cases have proved fatal, and all
now bid fair for recovery. Veratrum viride has been freely exhibited in these cases, and the pulse thoroughly controlled. In
the most interesting of these cases the ball entered above the nipple, and, passing downward and inward, fractured a rib and
lodged in the left lung. A good deal of gangrenous matter discharged from day to day, and, on the tenth day, secondary
haemorrhage occurred from the external mammary artery. As the vessel could not be reached, the wound was plugged with
persulphate of iron. In four da s suppuration brought away the plug without any lenewal of haemorrhage. The patient
breathes very little with the left lung, but is improving.
All the wounds of the abdomen which penetrated the cavity, some four or five, proved fatal. From two men I removed,
within twenty-four hours, conical balls, which had passed through the back and lodged in the abdominal wall. In both cases
pus followed the knife, and they died in a few hours. One man was wounded through the liver and diaphragm. He was
troubled with constant hiccough, became very yellow, and died of peritonitis on the sixth day. The remaining cases proved
fatal in the same way. In all these cases opium was exhibited very freely.
The wounds of the shoulders were, generally, not severe. The case of most interest was one where a conical musket
ball struck the scapula beneath the spine, shattering the bone, and, apparently, bruising the axillary artery ; it passed out
anteriorly. On the tenth day, secondary haemorrhage occurred from the subscapular artery, which, as it could not be secured,
the wound was plugged with a styptic. Three days afterwards, the haemorrhage recurred moderately. In two days more, the
axillary artery lost two inches by a slough, and the man died. Tiie wounds of the arms are, many of them, flesh wounds,
and are doing finely. Two are complicated with fractures of the fore-arm, and two with fractures of the humerus. In two
instances balls passed through the elbow-joint. Lieutenant Colonel Wistar had a ball to pass through the joint, knocking oft a
portion of the olecranon. For fourteen days there was no sign of disturbance about the wound. At the end of which time
severe inflammation was lighted up, under which he is still suffering. The wounds of the hands were generally not severe; a
few fingers were lost; but no operations of moment were necessary in this region. The hip and thigh were the seat generally
of flesh wounds, and are doing well. One case is, however, worthy of mention : a private, shot in the neck, was making his
way to the hospital on the island, when a ball struck his bayonet, in the sheath by his side, was flattened somewhat, and
entered the posterior surface of the left thigh, passing downward and forward in the middle line of the limb. On the third
day the biceps muscle took on a spasmodic action; two days afterwards the extensor muscles became rigidly contracted. By
(lie most careful examinations. I could get no trace of the ball. The tetanic spasm gradually affected all portions of the body.
One night, at midnight, the respiratory muscles became rigidly contracted, and before they relaxed the man died. An autopsy
showed that the hull had split the great sciatic nerve, leaving a slit an inch and a half long, and then, striking the femur, had
glanced downwards between one and two inches entirely away from the nerve.
Of the wounds of the knee, only two penetrated the joint; one of these I amputated above the knee, and the patient is
making a most rapid recovery. In the other case, I advised amputation, but was overruled. The patient died last night of
12
APPENDED DOCUMENTS BALLS BLUFF.
traumatic inflammation of the knee joint. Many of the wounds of the legs passed through the calf, and arc simple in their
character. Lieutenant Colonel Ward lost a foot by amputation, the ankle being shattered and the circulation cut off.
The remaining case of particular interest is one where a ball passed through the left buttock, through the scrotum,
grazing the testicle, and entering the penis at its anterior third, ploughed its way out through the urethra. Two days afterwards
the contraction of the dartos had forced the testicle through the opening in the scrotal Avail ; I removed it and the case is doing
well. All the stumps and all the wounds are perfectly healthy. Water dressings have been used almost exclusively. Plenty
of air and an abundance of cold water have been the principal adjuvants in the treatment. I have taken care of a hundred
here; about fifty-four have been cared for in the hospitals of Lander's brigade, and the balance in the hospitals of Baker's
brigade. There are very few cases which now seem in any particular danger, and our mortality, thus far, has certainly not
been very great. I attribute this to the fact that the enemy inflicted but few minie wounds. Their cartridges generally
contained a round ball and three buck shot. No doubt the splendid morale of the men contributed much towards the favorable
results in these cases. It was a defeat, a route, but there was no panic, no depression, no shock. On the contrary, the wounded
bore their sufferings without complaint, and, in many instances, with a great deal of cheerfulness. An amputation at the
shoulder joint, of a leg and of a fore arm, were done on the island, mainly, I believe, by Surgeon Nathan Hayward. I per
formed three large amputations myself, and in all these I neither heard of, nor saw, any appreciable shock, before or after the
operations. None of the cases in which amputation was done terminated fatally."
Your obedient servant,
A. B. CROSBY,
Brigade Suryeon, U. 8. I'.
Surgeon C. S. TJ:IPLEI:, U. S. A.,
Medical Director of the Army of the Potomac.
XII. Extracts from a Narrative of the Surgery at Ball's Bluff, Virginia, and from a Report
of the Wounded of Gen. Baker's Brigade at the Affair of October 21st, 1861. By Surgeon
JOHN A. LIDELL, U. S. Volunteers.
•' On October 21st, 1861, I was surgeon of Gen. Baker's brigade, consisting of the (59th, 71st 72d, and lOlith
Pennsylvania Volunteers, with one company of cavalry. The brigade was quartered at Camp Observation, Maryland, four and
a half miles above Poolesville, on the road to Nolan's Ferry, at the mouth of the Monocacy River. At early dawn, a battalion
of the 71st Pennsylvania, commanded by Lieut. Col. Isaac J. Wistar, was sent to Conrad's Ferry. The remainder of the brigade
was put in marching order. After making provision for the medical wants of the regiments remaining in camp, I proceeded to
Conrad's Ferry and joined Wistar's battalion, but found that the crossing of the Potomac had taken place a mile lower down
the river, opposite the lower part of Harrison's Island. This island is separated from the Maryland shore by a channel two
hundred and fifty yards wide, and from the Virginia shore by a channel seventy-five yards wide, and the river flows through
these channels with a swift current. About noon Col. Baker prepared to cross the river. To increase his transporta
tion he got a scow out of the canaf and launched it in the river. He also took tow lines from several canal boats, and, fastening
them together, had the cable thus formed stretched across the river at Harrison's Island to facilitate crossing the swift current.
He sent Wistar's battalion across, ^oing himself with the advance, and ordered up the rest of his brigade. I crossed with this
battalion, numbering about six hundred men. I established a hospital at a farm house near the Virginia shore at
Harrison's Island; but such wounded as could walk I directed to cross the island to a barn near the Maryland shore and our
ferry. Dressings were applied and operations performed mainly at
the farm house. Fighting ceased at dark. The enemy had no artil
lery, and most of the wounds of our men were inflicted by round
musket balls. About two hundred wounded had to be provided for.
I determined to remove them that night, lest they might be captured
the next morning. I deemed it of the first importance to get the
wounded to the Maryland shore, as the enemy could command the
island with artillery, or occupy it with infantry. Late at night, accom
panied by Surgeon Martin Rizer, 72d Pennsylvania Volunteers, I
carefully searched the Virginia shore of the island for any wounded
that might have been overlooked. The enemy's pickets did not fire
on us, though we were less than one hundred yards distant, and car
ried lanterns. We were evidently recognized as searching for the
wounded. We were much delayed in the removal of the wounded
by the stragglers, who crowded our boats with their worthless car
cases. Surgeon Justin Dwinelle, 106th Pennsylvania Volunteers,
rendered efficient assistance. At midnight I crossed to the Maryland
shore. Most of the wounded were sent to Edwards's Ferry by canal
boat, and thence by the brigade ambulance train to the general hos
pital at Poolesville, under the direction of Surgeon A. B. Crosby, U. FH;. l.-Map of Ball's Bluff, with the- location of the Hospitals
S. V. A number were sent to our field hospital in our brigade ambu- on Harris""'s Islan<1-
Of Baker's brigade only one battalion, six hundred strong, was engaged. I brought off sixty-five of their wounded.
ul dressings and anodynes in plenty on the island. The morning after the battle was rainy. During that day the wounded
were all comfortably cared for. About thirty-five remained at the field hospital until they were convalescent* The balance
were treated at Poolesville.
REPORTS OF SURGEONS LIDELL, WEIR, AND WRIGHT. 13
Lieut. Col. Isaac J. Wistar had a gunshot wound of the right elbow-joint. Capt. Robert C. Hicks, 71st Pennsylvania,
a wound of right shoulder, and Sergt. Maj. Hubert Bastian, a wound of right elbow-joint, and were sent to private quarters.
The following were sent to the field hospital of the California regiment: Capt. L. Bierel, contused wound of back; Lieut. R.
Tenipleton, Privates E. Wisner and John Stanley, wounds of the shoulder. Privates E. Mann, B. Watson, R. Joslin, R. Hart
ley, W. Thomson, J. Tallon, P. Smith, and A. Mink, with wounds of the lower extremity; Corporal Lambert, Privates Makey,
Heckley, Piper, Fisher, Lipseth, Bouton, and Calligan, with gunshot wounds of the upper extremity ; and Sergeant John
Thatcher, with a wound of the breast. The following were sent to general hospital at Poolesville : Lieut. T. Wade, Privates
Hooper, Randall, Hooper, Schafer, Brunt, Steinbeck, Holland, Mahan, Ellis, Fulton, Kelly, Patterson, Coles, Thenble, Mur
phy, Coles, Rich, Pilley, Sloan, Taylor, Harvey, Burr, Paul, Lutze, McKenny, Wood, Nichols, Smith, Rand, Pilley, and
Sloan."
XIII. Extract from a Narrative of Services. By Assistant Surgeon R. F. WEIR, IT. S. Army.
" The narrative of my field services under General Patterson and General Banks, comprises only the ordinary
events of marches, from Harper's Ferry to Darnestown, and thence to Conrad's Ferry, on October 21st, 1861, the dav of
the repulse at Ball's Bluft*. ' I assisted in conveying a portion of the wounded from Conrad's Ferry, by means of wretched
one-horso ambulances, to the general hospital at Poolesville. I did not assist at any operations."
XIV. Extracts from Reports relative to the Operations of the Medical Department in the Cam
paign in Western Virginia in the /Summer of ~L8G1. By Surgeon J. J. B. WEIGHT, U. S. A.,
Medical Director of the Department of Ohio.
"I reported to Major General G. B. McClellan, U. S. V., at Cincinnati, Ohio, on May 28th, 1861, under
an order of the War Department, as medical director of the Department of Ohio. Gen. McClellan had been assigned to that
command but recently, and the duty devolved on me of organizing the affairs of the medical department. My first efforts wen-
directed towards providing hospital outfits for the new regiments, so hastily organized and sent to the Held in Western Virginia,
where the rebels were massing their troops under Garnett and Pegram. Through the agency of the very efficient purveyor at
New York, Surgeon Satterlee, my object was promptly and satisfactorily attained. : ' [After a series of inspections of
troops and hospitals, Surgeon Wright returned to Cincinnati.]. Before the affairs of the purveying department were fully
regulated, I was ordered to accompany Gen. McClellan to Western Virginia. I understood that 1 went to make an inspection of
the hospitals at Graf'ton, Clarksburg, etc., but found that we had entered on an active campaign. To obviate the necessity of
returning to Cincinnati, I instructed Assistant Surgeon J. P. Wright, U. S- A., who was on duty with a battery at that city,
to supervise the requisitions and issues of medical supplies. The campaign culminated in the defeat of Gen. Garnett at I'ar-
rick's Ford, and of Gen. Pegrarn at Rich Mountain. Nothing of special interest, worthy to be noted in the Medical History of the
Rebellion, occurred in the department until the period of the engagements alluded to. The diseases prevailing were such as
miuht have been expected among raw troops, having inexperienced officers to care for them. The prevalent disorders were
diarrhoea, dysentery, intermittent fever, and rheumatism.
The attack on the enemy's work at Rich Mountain was made by infantry against artillery, cavalry, and infantry. The
wounds, therefore, were inflicted by round shot, grape, and minie balls, and were of every description and character. A large
three-story house on the battle field was occupied temporarily as an hospital, and tents were pitched in the vicinity. Having
organized this hospital, and witnessed the performance of the principal necessary operations, I proceeded to join the headquarters
at Beverly, distant seven miles, where immediate arrangements were made for the permanent accommodation of the sick and
wounded. A general hospital was established in several commodious houses in this town, and Assistant Surgeon H. R. Wirtz
was placed in charge of it, aided by Assistant Surgeons Dunster, Willie, and Eastman, U. S. A. So soon as transportation could
be furnished, the wounded from Carrick's Ford were transferred to this hospital. The enemy's wounded received the same
attention as our own, though they were, for the most part, kept separate. For a particular description of the wounds, and of
the operations performed in this hospital, I have to refer to the monthly consolidated reports from the medical director's office,
and to the quarterly reports of Assistant Surgeon Wirtz and of Assistant Surgeon Dunster, who succeeded him in charge of the
hospital. Besides sundry amputations of the leg and arm, rendered necessary on the battlefield of Rich Mountain, the femoral
artery was ligated in one instance for haemorrhage of the popliteal, caused by a bullet passing through the hamstrings of the
right leg. Among the extraordinary cases, was that of an Indiana soldier who was wounded in the upper part of the thigh by
a grape shot, which penetrated over the track of the femoral artery, emerged through the nates, and lodged in the man's cartouch
box, from which the brave fellow coolly removed it, and exhibited it as a trophy of the battlefield. A fortnight after the battle
I left him in the hospital in a fair way of recovery.''
[Other portions of this report of Medical Director Wright will he printed in connection with documents relative to the
establishment of military hospitals at the West. The following extracts are taken from a letter to Surgeon John IF. Brinton,
U. S. V.. dated Carlisle Barracks, March 17th, ISGti, in answer to a series of questions. The author observes that his position
had not permitted him to notice minutely, or to investigate closely, individual cases of surgery, and modestly declares himself
unprepared to contribute a paper that could advance surgical knowledge.]
"The troops engaged at Rich Mountain had not been in action, but were animated by the spirit which induced
some (if the first volunteers from Indiana solemnly to swear that they would prosecute the war until they had fully vindicated
the character of Indiana volunteers from the aspersions of alleged misconduct before the enemy at Kuena Vista. I'nder the
lead of the brave K'osecrans. and the intrepid Lander, they charged the enemy's battery and long line of breast-works over an
open field five hundred yards wide, and drove him fiom his position and captured all his artillery. The engagement lasted
14
APPENDED DOCUMENTS MIKOE ENGAGEMENTS.
Bcarcelv more than half an hour. The troops on this campaign were generally well supplied with medicines, hospital stores,
tents, and other necessary field equipments. Ambulances in sufficient number were improvised by the purchase, by order of
Gen. McClellan, of li<*ht two-horse spring wagons. Soon after the engagement at Rich Mountain, several of the regulation one
and two-horse ambulances were furnished to the army. * * Most of the medical officers discharged their duties very
well, except as relates to making returns, reports, etc. * * The battle of Rich Mountain was fought on July llth, 1861.
The wounded suffered somewhat, I suppose, for want of nicely prepared food, for a day or two after the battle, as is always the
case durin<>- the organization of the temporary hospitals. Everything, however, was done for their comfort which circumstances
permitted, and on the arrival of the wounded at Beverly, on the third day, they were well cared for in all respects. There was
an abundant supply of good water near the battle field. The wounded were not exposed to any uncomfortable degree of cold.
Their wounds were inflicted, principally, by solid and grape shot, and minie balls. The wounded were conveyed to Beverly in
ambulances and spring wagons, a distance of seven miles, over a smooth road. The principal operations were primary ampu
tations of the thigh, leg, and arm. No excisions were performed. Chloroform was administered in all operations involving
much pain. There were no fatal results from the use of this anaesthetic."
XV. Statement of the Killed and Wounded at the Battle of Carnifex Ferry , September
1861. By Assistant Surgeon HORACE K. WIRTZ, U. S. A., Acting Medical Director during
the Action.
COMMAND.
KILLED.
WOUNDED.
9th Ohio Volunteers - - --•
1
8
10th "
9
50
12th " -
1
1
13th " "
1
12
28th "
2
29
Ohio Artillery (McMullin's)
4
' ' Cavalry
3
37
TOTAL . .
17
141
XVI. Extract from a Report on the Duties assigned him from the Outbreak of the War till
July 14M, 1863. By C. C. DUMREICHER, Surgeon U. S. Volunteers.
"In the summer of 1861, I was commissioned as Assistant Surgeon of Illinois Volunteers. I served two
months in a camp of organization near Springfield, and was then ordered to Western Virginia, with a detachment of Illinois
cavalry. I was present at the engagement at Carnifex Ferry, between the forces under General Rosecrans, and Hie rebel troops
under General Floyd. After the engagement I was placed in surgical charge of the hospital. I met with a number of inter
esting cases, but do not recollect the details of them. The regiments engaged were all from western states, and their ranks were
nearly full. Their supplies of medicines, hospital stores, ambulances, and tents were limited, and, in several instances,
insufficient. The wounded were removed, on litters and by ambulances, to a house a little more than half a mile from the field
of action. Urgent cases were attended to, under fire, within a few hundred yards of the troops. The supply of water,
materials for soups, and other food, were procured in sufficient quantities. The wounded were not exposed to cold or rain, but
were made quite comfortable within a short time. The troops were under fire nearly four hours. * * The wounded were
removed to Cincinnati at periods varying from two to six weeks after the battle, being sent thirty-five miles in ambulances or
wagons, and then placed on steamboats. To my personal knowledge, seven capital operations were performed within twenty-
four hours after the battle. These were amputations of the thigh, and all proved fatal. The men had been on forced marches
for several days, and were quite exhausted when they went into action. Chloroform was used in most of the operations; in
some, a mixture of one part of chloroform with two of ether." * *
XVII. Memorandum relative to the Wounded at the Affair at Great Bethel, Virginia, June 10M,
1861. By Surgeon A. II. HOFF, 3d New York Volunteers.
•'At the main fight we had only four or five killed, and twelve wounded. In the collision at night between
own troops, there were thirty wounded. The wounded were taken to the Seminary Hospital near Hampton, and to the
Hygeia Hospital at Fort Monroe. Most of them soon returned to duly. A few of the severely wounded were sent to New York."
REPORTS OF MEDICAL OFFICERS. 15
XVIII. Extract from Report from St. Aloysius Hospital, Washington. By Assistant Surgeon
ALEXANDER INGRAM, U. S. Army.
* * * "A few wounded of the 1st Ohio regiment were received at this hospital from one of our earliest collisions
with the enemy. I refer to General Schenck's skirmish at Vienna, June 17th. 1861. The wounds were mostly slight in
character; no operations of magnitude were necessary; and all the patients did well."
XIX. Extract from a Report of his Services from June 1st, 1861, to June 19^A, 1863, relative
to the Battle of Wilson's Creek. By Assistant Surgeon PHILIP C. DAVIS, U. S. Army.
" On June 1st, 1861, I was ordered to report to the commanding officer at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, at which
post an expedition was then fitting out for a campaign in Missouri. I reported on June 6th, and was assigned to duty with the
troops about to take the field. We left Fort Leavenworth, on June 10th, and proceeded to Kansas City, where we went into
camp. Our forces consisted of one battery, one battalion of infantry, and one squadron of regular cavalry. We were after
ward joined by two regiments of infantry, the 1st and 2d Kansas Volunteers; the whole being under the command of Major
S. D. Sturgis. We remained in camp until July 1st, when orders were received to join General N. Lyon, who was then on the
way to Springfield, Missouri. We broke camp, and moving rapidly across the country in a southeasterly direction, commu
nicated with General Lyon, near Papinsville, on the right bank of the Osagc River, at which place he was then crossing, after
much delay, in consequence of the destruction of the bridge. The combined forces then took up the line of march for Spring
field, whicli place was then held by a small force under Colonel Franz Sigel. In the latter part of July the expedition joined
Colonel Sigel, and went into camp. Nothing of interest occurred during the march ; the weather was good, the water abundant,
and the health of the troops excellent. Our forces, under the command of General Lyon, now amounted to an effective of
about five thousand. On August 2d, a reconnaissance was ordered by General Lyon, and our men proceeded to " Dug Spring,''
where a sharp skirmish ensued. Our loss was twelve or fourteen killed, and about forty wounded. The wounded were sent
to Springfield. The loss of the enemy was not known. Our forces then returned to camp, near Springfield. Typhoid fever
and dysentery having made their appearance, General Lyon ordered Surgeon E. C. Franklin, U. S. V., to establish a general
hospital in the village for the benefit of the forces stationed in the vicinity, as the hospital accommodations, although good, were
inadequate for the increasing number of sick. The unfinished court house building was taken for the purpose, and I was
assigned to duty in this hospital. We had scarcely commenced our labors, when the enemy, in large force, under Generals
Price, McCulloch, and Rains, moved up the Fayetteville road, and took up a strong position along Wilson's Creek, about
five cr six miles from the village. It was decided to attack them, and our column moved on the night of August 9th, and next
morning opened fire upon the enemy. The right wing was commanded by Major Sturgis, the left by Colonel Sigel, the whole
under General Lyon.
This battle was the most severe and well contested that had occurred up to that time since the outbreak of the rebellion ;
the fight raged furiously for six or seven hours ; General Lyon having fallen, the command was taken by Colonel Sigel. About
noon the fire of both sides slackened, the enemy fell back a mile, and our forces retreated to Springfield, where they remained
a short time, and then fell back to Rolla, the southwest terminus of the St. Louis Railroad. We succeeded in carrying away
everything except the medicines, hospital stores, and supplies, which had been accumulating at Springfield for the use of the
general hospital at that place. Our dead and wounded fell into the hands of the enemy. Our loss was estimated at two hun
dred and fifty killed, eight hundred wounded, three hundred prisoners and missing; or a total of thirteen hundred and fifty.
Thus, after a six hours' fight, our casualties amounted to the high figure of thirteen hundred and fifty out of the small force of
five thousand. I was ordered by Colonel Sigel to remain to assist in taking care of the wounded. Our column having retreated
towards Rolla, the enemy came in about day-break and took possession of the village, and immediately proceeded to appropriate
everything that was deemed by them necessary, either for their comfort or convenience, and we were consequently left without
many articles for the benefit of the wounded under our charge. Our supplies of medicines, hospital stores, &c., were taken,
and but little to work with was left us. The wounded were brought from the field in wagons, carriages, ambulances, litters, and,
in fact, every kind of conveyance which could be brought into requisition. Our ambulances were few, and it occupied five or
six days before they were all brought in, as, after the enemy arrived, they took all the means of transportation that could be
found in tin; neighborhood. The? fire to which our men were exposed was principally from musketry at very short range, the
artillery doing but little execution. The Confederates used the minie rifle, while the Missouri State Guards, and other irregular
troops, were armed with smooth-bore muskets, western rifles, and double barrel shot guns ; this last being very effective at short
range. In consequence of the severity of the engagement and the constant changing of position by the troops, no operations
were performed on the field as far as I could learn or observe. Primary dressings were applied and the wounded were sent to the
village. With regard to supplies, I would here remark that nothing was furnished us hy the Confederates. We purchased
everything for the use of our own wounded, for whom we had an abundance; only medicines being deficient, most of the hospital
stores, dressings, etc., being appropriated by the Confederates for their own wounded, we being allowed the privilege of using
only such as would not benefit them. I have said that the number of our wounded was eight hundred ; although, in conse
quence of the great confusion incident to the enemy taking possession of the village, it was extremely difficult to keep anything
in order, or to he exact as regards numbers. The churches, hotels, court house, and nearly all of the private dwellings were
tilled with wounded of both sides. It, therefore, required several davs before we could arrange the patients with any degree of
comfort, but we finally succeeded in bringing partia^ order out of utter chaos. Tim sum of $'>,()()(), turned over tor the
use of the wounded, enabled us to procure every comfort that could be purchased in that part of the country. The operations
were mainly secondary. The mortality was very great in cases of amputations for compound comminuted fracture of the femur ;
better success being mot with by using splints and other appliances adapted to the nature of the cases. The cases requiring
amputation for wounds of the upper extremities and leg all did well ; the number of cases treated I am unable to give at this
16
APPENDED DOCUMENTS — WILSON'S CREEK.
late dav. The anaesthetic we employed in all cases was chloroform, from which I did not observe a single untoward symptom ;
it was the only agent of its class that we had. But one case of tetanus occurred, and this supervened upon a very slight wound
about ten days after the receipt of the injury. Death followed in forty hours. This was the only case of tetanus that came
under niv notice, nor do I recollect of any other being reported. In the case referred to above, the injury was so slight as to
he called rather an abrasion than a wound. The ordinary duties incumbent upon surgeons were attended to, and nothing of
interest transpired. Of the whole number of deaths I am ignorant, as patients were visited by other surgeons in various
parts of the village, and no record was kept by them, owing to the unsettled condition of affairs. On September 20th, a flag of
truce was sent from Rolla. by Colonel Wyman, 13th Illinois Volunteers, when I left Springfield, with about fifty patients who
were able to travel. After many interruptions from roaming bands of Confederates, we arrived safely at Kolla. Remaining a
few days, I proceeded to St. Louis, Missouri, at which place I reported to the medical director, who had the men placed in
hospital in that city.''1
[Other extracts from Assistant Surgeon Davis's report will be printed in connection with documents relating to the
Peninsular campaign, Antietam, and Fredericksburg.]
XX. Extracts from Observations on the Battle of Wilson's Creek. By Assistant Surgeon H. M.
SPBAGUE, U. S. Army.
: "This engagement was fought nine miles south of Springfield, Missouri, on August 10th, 1861, between the
United States forces under Brigadier General Nathaniel Lyon, U. S. V., and the enemy under General Ben. McCullocli. *
The sanitary condition of the troops was excellent. None of the regulars had been seriously sick. Surgeon E. C. Franklin,
I'. S. V., in charge of the general hospital at Springfield, had received medical supplies for five thousand men for three months,
and had distributed among the regiments what they needed. Of instruments, 1 am inclined to think there was a lack. The
limited time given to the different regiments to prepare themselves for the fight, and the small supply of the purveyor at St.
Louis at the time the regiments were organized, forced each surgeon to rely on his private instruments. But if any regiments
lacked medicines and medical stores, it was through the inefficiency of the medical officers. Of ambulances, there were but two
in the command. These were large spring wagons drawn by six mules. It was only at the earnest solicitation of Major Sturgis,
that even these were allowed to move with the troops, so great was the fear of General Lyon that the rumbling of teams might
give notice to the enemy of our approach. Of the names and efficiency of the medical officers it is difficult to speak,
as few were personally known to me. Assistant Surgeon S. H. Melcher, U. S. V., was on the field, and was said to have been
very active. The 2d Kansas was represented by Assistant Surgeon Patee, the surgeon being sick at the time. Drs. Cornyn
and Feehan, both efficient and able men, were with the 1st Missouri Regiment. Acting Assistant Surgeon Lyon was on duty
with .Major Ostcrhaus's battalion, and was said to have been quite inefficient. Of the regular staff, there were on the field,
Assistant Surgeon P. V. Schem-k, and myself; Assistant Surgeon P. C. Davis, U. S. A., being on duty in the general hospital
at Springfield An imperfect idea of the ground may be obtained from this very rough sketch of the field. (FlG. 2.)
General Lyon's forces, early in the fight, were divided
into two columns: the larger at A, and the battalion of
regulars, under Captain Plummer, at B. The latter were
repulsed early in the fight. As many of the wounded
as could walk came across the open field, and were cared
for at a ravine back of the line of battle at A. at a point
indicated by a flag. Colonel Sigel's wounded were left
on the field, and \\ere brought in during the night fol
lowing the battle. The attention shown the wounded
was good, but not specially praiseworthy. The only
medical officer that I knew to be actually on the field of
battle, was Surgeon Cornyn, 1st Missouri Volunteers.
Assistant Surgeon Patee and myself were at the hospital
station in the ravine. The supply of water was abundant,
a large stream running through the valley. There were
no subsistence supplies except the cooked rations in the
haversacks of the men. The fire was from musketry
::nd artillery at long range. : Most of the wounded
were removed to Springfield. About two hundred were
carried along with the troops in their retreat, and were
sent to hospitals at St. Louis. Not only the slightly
wounded, hut those with compound fractures, wounds
through the chest andtestes, were conveyed on baggage
wagons, caissons, and the six-mule spring wagons.
Through a fiag of truce, an arrangement was made to
remove all of the wounded who could be moved between
half-past eleven A. M., the day of the fight, and midnight.
Most of them were provided for before the truce expired. FK;. 2.— Map of the Vicinity of Sj,rine-fiold, Missouri, with the Positions of
No operations were performed on the field beyond ' r""|1K ut "'" Acti"" of AuguJt 1mh' 18<il"
st i action of balls. At no time, during the engagement, was the situation of the ambulances considered safe. The enemy's
ralry were continually threatening our rear. No one acted as medical director, and there was no drilled ambulance corps,
REPORTS OF MEDICAL OFFICERS. 17
and the wounded were not systematically carried from the field. The severely wounded could only be moved on stretchers,
and were not carried off until after the engagement. Those brought to the hospital stationed in the rear, were wounded in the
upper extremities, or had flesh wounds of the lower. There were about twelve hundred killed and wounded, and few prisoners
except the wounded. The percentage of casualties was very large. General Lyon's command, excluding Colonel Sigel's,
probably did not number more than twenty-seven or twenty-eight hundred. Colonel Sigel's loss, in killed and wounded,
amounted to only thirty-five ; so that in a force of less than three thousand, eleven hundred and seventy-five, or nearly forty
per cent, of the men engaged, were wounded. Taking into consideration the facts that the skirmishing commenced at half-past
five in the morning, the battle proper opening at eight, and closing at half-past eleven, the casualties are very numerous, and
speak volumes in praise of officers and men. The great want in the medical department was a head. There was no medical
director. The regiments had no community of action or feeling. Had the commanding general designated an officer Of rank
as his medical director, there could have been no reason why nine-tenths of the wounded could not have been cared for and
sent to general hospital by the time our forces retreated."
XXL Extract from a Report in regard to the Operations of the Medical Department in the
Action at Wilson's Creek. By Surgeon E. C. FRANKLIN, IT. S. Volunteers.
"I transmit the following information relative to the engagement at Wilson's Creek, Missouri, August 10th,
1861. ' The troops engaged were the 1st, 3d, and 5th Missouri Infantry, the 1st and 2d Kansas, detachments of regular
and volunteer artillery and cavalry, one company of " home guards ;" about four thousand five hundred men in the aggregate,
one thousand of whom were under command of Acting Brig. Gen. F. Sigel, U. S. V. Medical supplies, at the period of the
battle, were abundant. Ambulances and hospital tents were scarce. The medical officers present were : Surgeon F. M. Cornyn,
and Assistant Surgeon Feehan, 1st Missouri Volunteers; Surgeon F. Heussler, and Assistant Surgeon Charles Ludwig, 3d Mis
souri Volunteers ; Surgeon E. C. Franklin, and Assistant Surgeon S. H. Melcher, 5th Missouri Volunteers ; Surgeon S. D.
Smith, and Assistant Surgeon Patee, 1st Kansas Volunteers ; Surgeon A. B. Massey, and a German assistant surgeon of the
2d Kansas Volunteers; Surgeon W. H. White, and Assistant Surgeon Reichenbach, 1st Iowa Volunteers; Assista7it Surgeons
P. V. Schenck, H. M. Sprague, and P. C. Davis, of the regular army ; and Acting Assistant Surgeon G. D. Lyon. The fire
was from artillery at long and short range, and from rifled and smooth-bore muskets. Most of the wounded were conveyed to
Springfield. They received as good attention on the field as was possible under the circumstances. There were no
primary resections on the field, and, I think, no amputations; but quite a large number of operations of all kinds in the hospitals
at Springfield."
XXII. Extracts from a Report on the Regimental Hospital of the 22<# Iowa Volunteers
at Wilson's Creek. By Surgeon W. II. WHITE, 22d Iowa Volunteers.
* "As to the condition of medical supplies, ambulances, and hospital tents, the 1st Iowa Volunteers will furnish
a fair specimen. Our medical supplies consisted of a few drugs, stored away in a dry-goods box. My instruments were good,
as I had my own general operating and pocket cases. My transportation for the wounded consisted of a single wagon. I had
no hospital tents. I partially supplied the deficiency by giving up my own wall tent. Personally, I was without assistance,
my assistant surgeon being inefficient, and I was so closely confined to the wounded of my own regiment that I had little
contact with other members of the medical staff. ; On the field, I was on the descending ground back of the line of battle
of the 1st Iowa Volunteers. The wounded men were brought back to me by their comrades. I had them placed in three divisions,
forming a triangle, and I passed from one to another, simply stopping to check haemorrhage, or to .apply primary dressings.
Sometimes I used digital compression, and, in other cases, 1 used a tight bandage, and placed over the course of the feeding
artery a small roller or pebble. By an order from Major Schofield, I removed most of the wounded, a half an hour before the
battle terminated, to a ravine. Here I hud to reapply the temporary dressings. From this place they were removed by
commissary wagons to Springfield, and were placed in a large brick hotel, a church, and two private houses. I made two
amputations, and extracted many balls. Nine men of the 1st Iowa Volunteers received balls in the shoulder. I was strongly
urged to amputate, but refused. In time, all of these men recovered.''
XXIII. Extracts from a Report of his Services at the Battle of Wilson's Creek. By Assistant
Surgeon S. H. MEI.CHER, 5th Missouri Volunteers.
'•The Third and Fifth Missouri Volunteers, with two companies of artillery recently organized, had marched
from Rolla to Carthage, by way of Neosho. in eighteen days. The distance was over two hundred miles. On one day, not less
than twenty men fell, sun-struck, on the road. In the streets of Carthage, on July 4th, 1861, six men were sun-struck, and had
grave cerebral symptoms. The Fifth Missouri Volunteers had no medical supplies. I furnished all the medicines and instru
ments, procured wagons on the road for the sick, and treated one hundred and eighty-five patients without aid from the army
]3 'APPENDED DOCUMENTS BELMONT.
medical department, at Mount Vernon. I received a small supply of medicines from Surgeon E. C. Franklin, U. S. V. * *
The wounded were sent to the rear in wagons as the fight progressed. The attendance they received was trifling, consisting of
water dressings or adhesive plasters. Surgeon Heussler, Third Missouri Volunteers, sent one of his stewards, early in the
action, to the front with his amputating case, which was captured, thus depriving the command of the few surgical instruments
there were. For the first two hours the fire was from artillery, and at long range. Two men were killed by spent solid shot
striking the abdomen. One was in great agony, with excessive tumefaction, for four hours. The other lived twenty hours in
great pain. There was no abrasion of the skin in these cases. On the retreat, the fire was from small arms and artillery com
bined. The wounded were taken to the general hospital at Springfield. There were no resections on the field, and but one
amputation, which was of the arm, for fracture of the elbow. In a case of fracture of the right humerus by a minie ball, I
removed spiculse and used splints. The arm recovered, one inch short, and the patient is now in Company L, First Missouri
Artillery. The injured arm is as useful as the other. ' There were plenty of secondary amputations in the hospital. All
above the knee resulted fatally, from secondary haemorrhage or typhoid fever. There were twelve cases of compound fracture
of the femur. All but two resulted fatally. Some were amputated; others were treated with splints, generally arranged as
double inclined planes. I treated two cases with Liston's straight splint. Both of the patients are living. Michael Sullivan,
First Missouri, is now [February 10th, 1803] in St. Louis. The other, Private John O'Brien, First U. S. Infantry, is at the
Marine Hospital, St. Louis, and can walk about. He has two inches shortening. Sullivan has about three quarters of an inch
shortening. The Hies were exceedingly troublesome after the battle, maggots forming in the wounds in less than an
hour after dressing them, and also upon any clothing or bedding soiled by blood or pus. The wounded left on the field in the
enemy's hands were swarming with maggots when brought in. After several ineffectual attempts to extirpate these pests,
I succeeded perfectly by sprinkling calomel freely over the wounded surfaces. When the sloughs separated, clean granulating
surfaces were presented, and by using balsam of copaiba as a dressing, smearing the bandages with this oleo-resin, I could keep
the wounds free from maggots. For this purpose it is, in my opinion, one of the most valuable agents supplied by the medical
department. Surgeon E. C. Franklin, U. S. V., had charge of the hospital at Springfield. On the night of the retreat he was
ordered to remain, with Surgeon S. D. Smith, 1st Kansas Volunteers, Assistant Surgeon P. C. Davis, U. S. Arniy, and Assistant
Surgeon S. H. Melcher, U. S. Volunteers, as assistants. On September 7th, Surgeon Franklin left us, and on September 20th,
Surgeon Smith, and Assistant Surgeon Davis, left. I remained with two hundred and nine wounded and sick, and, with help
obtained from convalescents, they were made very comfortable. During October, I sent one hundred and fifty of these patients
to Kolla. On November llth, in obedience to an order from General Sigel, I started with the remaining wounded, all of whom
arrived safely in St. Louis on November 19th. The history of the Springfield general hospital from that time till about the
middle of February, 1862, cannot readily be obtained, the town having been occupied by the rebels, until they were driven out
at that date by the forces under General Curtis."
XXIV. Account of the Operations of the Medical Department at the Battle of Belmont,
Missouri. By Surgeon JOHN H. BRINTON, U. S. Y., Medical Director of the Troops under
General Grant, stationed in the District of Cairo and its Dependencies.
'•The battle of Belmont was fought on the 7th of November, 1851. The national forces engaged consisted of Illinois and
Iowa troops, and amounted, in the aggregate, to about twenty-nine hundred men of all arms. The expedition started from
Cairo on the afternoon of the 6th of November, and proceeded down the Mississippi in transports. During the night the boats
laid to on the Kentucky shore, eight or ten miles above Columbus. This was done for the purpose of deceiving the enemy, and
leading him to the belief that the fortifications of Columbus were the threatened points. Early on the following morning the
boats crossed to the Missouri side of the river, and the troops debarked at a point three miles distant from the enemy's camp
at Belmont, The latter place was directly opposite to the town of Columbus, and was commanded and protected by numerous
heavy guns, planted on the high bluffs of the Kentucky bank of the Mississippi. As soon us the light batteries were landed,
the troops moved forward, skirmishers being thrown to the front to feel the enemy's position.
In a very few minutes, his pickets were driven in, and the engagement became general. The wounded shortly began to
appear in the rear, and to gather around the hospital stations. The advance of the national troops was steadily pushed on, and
the enemy were driven from tree to tree, from behind the bushes, and across the corn fields, until their camp at Belmont was
reached, when they sought the cover of the river bank. It was in dislodging the enemy from the rolling corn fields that the
chief loss was sustained. The standing corn screened him perfectly from the observation of the national troops as they ascended
the cleared slopes to the attack, whilst the latter presented a target against which every shot told ; at the same time the enemy
opened, with fearful execution, from his batteries planted on the ridges. A subsequent observation of the fallen on the hill side
revealed numerous bodi.-s of men who had been slain by round shot, grape, and canister. As soon as the enemy were driven
from their camp, it was immediately fired and destroyed, by order of General Grant. Three of their guns were here captured,
one of which was spiked, and the others drawn off. During the conflagration of the camp, and when the scattered troops of the
enemy had found .shelter under the river bank, the heavy guns mounted on the Kentucky bluffs above Columbus, opened their
Every foot of the low plain of Belmont was commanded by these batteries; but, fortunately, the necessary depression of
the guns was not obtained, and tin- shot and bursting shells passed high above the heads of the national troops', doing little or
no damage.
One of the objects of the expedition, the destruction of the camp, having thus been completely accomplished, the General
nmanding directed his forces to full back toward their transports, and to re-embark. In the meantime, an attempt had been
e enemy to land a large force in General Grant's rear, and thus to cut him off from his boats. The backward path
,-as. consequently, the scene of fierce conflict; but General Grant finally succeeded in reaching his transports, which lay at the
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR BRINTON.
19
original landing, under the protection of the gunboats Tyler and Lexington. In attempting to prevent and embarrass the
embarkation, a few battalions of the enemy unwarily exposed themselves to the fire of the gunboats at a distance of not more
than two or three hundred yards; the resulting carnage is reported to have been terrible. The expeditionary force, having
been safely put on the transports, returned in the night to Cairo.
The resources of the medical department during this battle were limited. The enterprise had been hastily undertaken,
and the water transportation was insufficient for the carriage of wagons. Not one ambulance or spring wagon of any description
was, at that time, in the possession or at the command of the author, the medical director of the expedition. In fact, the medical
officers of the troops stationed at Cairo did not, until a period long subsequent to the battle of Belmont, receive from the quar
termaster's department a single vehicle suitable for the transportation of invalids. The want of the essential facilities for the
removal of wounded was, in this action, most severely felt, and caused many of the injured, especially those who had been hurt
in the body or lower extremities, to fall into the hands of the enemy. Two or three road wagons, obtained from the quarter
master's train, were the only vehicles for conveyance of the wounded to the rear. In many cases, the injured, unable to walk,
were placed on the horses of the medical officers, and thus sent back to the boats.
A sufficient medical force had been left on the river bank, near the transports, to administer to the surgical necessities of
those wounded who might arrive there. A hospital had also been established at a small house on the edge of a wood on the
line of advance. Surgeon Bowman, 27th Illinois Volunteers, and Surgeon A. Witter, 7th Iowa Volunteers, were placed in charge.
These gentlemen discharged their duty zealously; and, although the hospital subsequently fell into the enemy's possession,
they succeeded in transporting to the boats nearly all of the wounded under their care. All those injured during the advance
of our troops from the landing place towards Belmont, were removed in time to the boats. Unfortunately, it was not so with
those who were hit on the retreat. Efforts. were made by the author to carry away as many as possible by emptying ammuni
tion wagons and filling them with the disabled; but the number so conveyed was necessarily limited. Undoubtedly, most of
those who fell on the backward march were abandoned. The fighting occurred in the woods and amongst thick bushes, so that
the loss of the men could not, at the time, be readily discerned. Had the medical officers been well supplied with ambulance
wagons, the abandonment of the wounded, a most mortifying circumstance, might have been obviated.
The entire national force engaged in this action numbered somewhat less than twenty-nine hundred men, of these eighty
were killed, and about three hundred and fifty wounded. Of these latter, the injuries of about forty were so slight as not to
require surgical mention. These casualties, as reported, were distributed as follows:
COMMAND.
KILLED.
WOUNDED.
27th Illinois Volunteers .
11
47
30th " "
9
27
31gt " " . ...
10
70
22d " "
23
74
7th Iowa
26
93
Cavalry and Artillery
1
11
TOTAL
80
322
There were, therefore, in all, eighty killed and three hundred and twenty-two wounded. The number of missing was
fifty-four. The total number of killed, wounded, and missing forming thus a little more than fifteen per cent, of the entire
force engaged.
On the return of the expedition to Cairo, the wounded were properly cared for. Ninety-eight were conveyed to the
depot hospital, under the charge of Surgeon W. R. Burke, U. S. V., and one hundred and twenty were received into their
respective regimental hospitals. The wounded unavoidably left on the field, and captured by the enemy, were all subsequently
exchanged, and brought to Cairo from Columbus, on November 13th, under a flag of truce. Of these, one hundred and three
were conveyed to the Mound City hospital, in charge of Brigade Surgeon E. C. Franklin, U. S. V. Most of these cases had
been very severely injured, and had lain for many hours uncared for on the field, before being removed. They had been
partially stripped by the enemy, and had suffered much from exposure and hunger. Little attention had been paid, during
their stay in Columbus, to the dressing of their wounds, and the operations which had been performed reflected but slight
credit on the enemy's surgeons.
20
APPENDED DOCUMENTS BELMONT.
In the accompanying tables a concise view is presented of the nature, treatment, and results of three hundred and
twenty cases of gunshot'wounds, admitted into the hospitals of Cairo and its vicinity immediately after the battle of Belmont.
The surgical operations and their results, are also exhibited in tabular form. By reference to these tables, it will be seen that
out of three hundred and twenty cases of wounded reported in this action, thirty-five died subsequently of their wounds, in
hospital, while two hundred and eighty-five recovered; of the thirty-five deaths, five occurred after operation:
Tabular Statement of Gunshot Fractures, received at the Battle of Belmont, Missouri, and
treated in Hospitals at Cairo, Illinois, and its Vicinity.
£
FlfACTL'RKS OK —
o
£
,0
£
1
TREATMENT.
RESULT.
o
WHKRK TREATED. '•£
1 -i
£- 3
5 x
^ H
>> >*
« PQ
By Simple Dress
ing.
Recovered.
T3
V
Q
In Quarters
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
j
Denot, Hosnital. Cairo...
Parietal Bone 1 Tfpmmpnt.nl Hosnital - .
Do. do
1
2
1
3
4
2
6
1
1
1
( Upper Third 2
Mound Citv General Hospital 1
'£
§ \ Middle Third 1
Depot Hospital ....... 1
\ Lower Third 3
Mound City General Hospital
3
1
2
r
«_i
i
i
S
I ""...... 4
Depot Hospital .. '3ci
Ulna 2
Regimental Hospital .
Hand ... 6
Do. do. . . 1
Clavicle 1
Mound City General Hospital .
" 1
Depot Hospital
Scapula 1
["Upper Third
Middle Third 3
\
3
2
K n it -,
jj 1
Regimental Hospital Ic
~ Lower Third . . 2
Mound Citv General Hospital '£d
" 1
Depot Hospital
1
2
\
1
1
2
1
1, Point of fracture not stated 2
Upper Third ! 1
Mound Citv General Hospital
1
1
2
2
1
1 Reonrnpntftl TTnsnitnl
w \ Middle Third 3
Do. do 2e
H^
Lower Third 3
Depot Hospital If
Consecutive operations j 1
Enemy's Surgeon 1
TOTAL 43
-!•> 1
29
32
11
NOTES.— a Two at middle third of arm; one at lower third of arm. b Partial, r Upper third of thigh, d One at
middle third of thigh ; one at upper third, e One amputation of lower third of thigh ; one amputation of upper third of thigh.
f Died.
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR BRINTON.
21
Tabular Statement of Wounds of Joints, received at the Battle of JBelmont, Missouri, and
treated in Hospital at Cairo, Illinois, and its Vicinity.
JOINTS.
Number of Cases.
WHERE TREATED.
TREATMENT.
RESULT.
By Amputation.
By Excision.
A
I
Q
if>
s--
02
&
Recovered.
i
5
Shoulder Joint
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
3
2
14
Depot Hospital
1
i
i
i
i
Do. do
Regimental Hospital
la
Elbow do.
Depot Hospital ....
2
2
1
1
Do. do.
Regimental Hospital
1
A
1
2
3
1
Wrist do
Do. do
Do. do.
Mound City General Hospital
Depot Hospital
Ic
3
2
Do. do
Mound City General Hospital
Ankle do.
Depot Hospital
16
TOTAI
3
1
10
10
4
NOTES. — a Patient refused to be operated upon, b Syme's amputation, r Penetrating wound of joint, without fracture.
Tabular Statement of Miscellaneous Wounds, received at the Battle of Belmont, Missoum, and
treated in Hospital at Cairo, Illinois, and its Vicinity.
TREATMENT.
RESULT.
LOCALITY OF INJURY.
Cases.
By Simple
Dressing.
Recovered. 1 Died.
Gunshot wounds of Lung
4
4
2 2
" " " Intestines
1
1
... . 1
Other wounds of Abdominal Cavity
4
4
1 3
Gunshot flesh wounds of Head
28
28
26 2
" " " " Neck
'2
2
2
" Upper Extremities
71
71
71
" " "Trunk
35
35
32 3
" External Genitals
1
1
1
" Lower Extremities
96
96
87 9
Contusions, etc
«>
;{
3
Miscellaneous
18
18
18
TOTAI
263
263
243 20
1
22
APPENDED DOCUMENTS BELMONT AND MILL SPRING.
Tabular Statement of Operations performed and their Results, after the Battle of Belmont,
Missouri, and treated in Hospital at Cairo, Illinois* and its Vicinity.
LIST OF OPERATIONS. Cases.
FOR WHAT
PERFORMED
PERIOD OF
OPERATION.
Secondary
Operations.
RESULT.
Gunshot
Wounds.
Recovered.
Died.
W AMPl'TATIONS.
F'
1
7
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
7
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
7
1
1
1
3
1
\rm _...; 7
Ankle Joint (Byrne's) 1
f Lower Tliirtl 1
TliK>h <( Middle Third ... 1
^ Upper Third 3
( Shoulder 1
SECTIONS. <
f Scapula (partial) 1
1
TOTAI 16
16
16 11
5
In all of these operations anaesthesia was previously induced. Washed sulphuric ether was the agent generally employed,
and in no case was any untoward result observed. When the fact is considered that those of our soldiers who were wounded
in the lower extremities underwent considerable privations and exposure, and were subjected to much rough transportation, the
final results must be considered as exceedingly favorable. In this engagement two of our medical officers, Surgeon Gordon,
30th Illinois Volunteers, and Assistant Surgeon Whitenall, 31st Illinois Volunteers, fell into the hands of the enemy. They
were retained and treated as prisoners of war for many months.
On the 10th of January, an expedition, under the command of General Grant, left Cairo, and passed down on the
opposite, or Kentucky shore of the Mississippi, toward Columbus. No attack was, however, made; the movement was simply
one of reconnaissance, and after a few days the forces returned to their respective camps in and around Cairo."
XXV. /Second Extract from a Narrative of Services from the Commencement of the Rebellion
till July 18*A, 1863. By Surgeon H. P. STEARNS, U. S. V.
' " On the evening previous to the battle of Belmont, November 6th, 1861, I received orders to accompany the
first and second brigades, then stationed at Bird's Point, Missouri, upon an expedition, the destination of which was, at that
time, unknown to me. During the afternoon and evening, the forces at Cairo, Illinois, and Bird's Point, were embarked upon
steamers. I accompanied Surgeon J. H. Brinton, U. S. V., medical director of the forces under General Grant. The forces
were debarked about three miles above Belmont, Missouri, upon the west bank of the Mississippi river, at about eight
o'clock in the morning of November 7th. The lines were formed, and the forces marched towards Belmont. The pickets of
the enemy were encountered about one and a half miles from the town, and quickly driven in. Very soon afterwards, the enemy
appeared in force, and the battle commenced with much spirit upon both sides. As I was engaged in providing for the wounded,
and in superintending the care they received previous to sending them to the steamers, I am unable to furnish any detailed
account of the action. The troops appeared to be in excellent spirits, and very eager to meet the enemy. Their soldierly
appearance, neatness, and proficiency in field manoeuvres were not satisfactory The approximate strength of our troops was
twenty-eight hundred. There were no hospital stores, or ambulances. There was a sufficient supply of morphine, chloroform,
instruments, and dressings. The wounded were attended to at a log house, about one mile in the rear of Belmont. All that
were conveyed to this place were well cared for, and after their wounds were dressed, were immediately sent to the steamers.
There was abundance of water; no soup and no food except such as the men had in their knapsacks. When the troops left
Belmont to again return to the steamers they were in danger of being flanked by the enemy, and, consequently, some of the
wounded were left upon the field, and many of them remained till the next day, when we removed them under a flag of truce.
There was no rain, and the night was not cold. The wounded were removed from the field upon wngons, stretchers, and
blankets fastened to poles and muskets. The action lasted about two hours before the enemy were driven from their encamp
ment. There was some fighting also, by detachments, in returning to the steamers. The enemy used both the smooth musket
with round ball, shot guns with ball and buck shot, and riHes with conoidal ball. Most of the wounded were conveyed by
steamers to general and regimental hospitals at Cairo, Illinois, during the night. The remainder of the men, severely wounded,
about fifty in number, were conveyed to the same hospital the next day. Some of the more slightly wounded were captured
and remained prisoners a few days before they were released. I performed an amputation of the fore-arm ; also, of a part of the
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR MURRAY.
23
hand, and two amputations of fingers, at the hospital before mentioned, upon the field. I cannot say if any others were
performed till after the removal of the wounded to Cairo, Illinois. A number of balls were extracted, and all wounds were
temporarily dressed before the patients were sent to the steamers. Chloroform was the anaesthetic employed. No deaths
occurred from its use. Between three and four hundred were wounded."
XXYI. Reports on the Battle at Mill Spring, Kentucky, and thz Hospitals at Nashville,
Tennessee. By Surgeon ROBERT MUKEAY, U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Department
of the Ohio.
HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO,
MKDICAI, DIRECTOR'S OFFICK, LOUISVILLE, January 22d, 1862.
Siu : I have the honor to report that telegraphic information has been received of a battle between General G. H.
Thomas's command, and General F. Zollicoffer's forces, at Mill Spring, near Somerset. The victory of General Thomas was
complete. Our loss was thirty-nine killed, and one hundred and twenty-seven wounded. That of the enemy was one hundred
and fifteen killed, and one hundred and sixteen wounded. The wounded of the enemy, together with a large number of horses,
wagons, guns, and stores, were captured. General Thomas's command made a march of over one hundred miL-s over almost
impassable roads, and were nearly destitute of ambulances. 1 have daily representations made to me from surgeons of regiments,
brigades, and divisions of the absolute need of ambulances. I have made every effort to have them furnished by the quarter
masters here, but they cannot procure them. Would not a representation from you induce the quartermaster general to send
them from Washington, or some eastern city f At least a hundred four-wheeled ambulances are needed. The two-wheeled are
not strong enough for the rough country and bad roads here. Our army, of nearly one hundred thousand men, is a moving
army, and the demand for transportation for the sick is imperative. We have much sickness, principally measles, typhoid
fever, and diseases of the lungs. The average of men excused from duty is thirteen and a half per cent.
MEDICAL DIRECTOR'S OFMCE,
DEPARTMENT OF THE OHIO, NASHVILLE, March 5th, 1862.
SIR : I have the honor to report that I arrived at this place on the 2d instant. I found that ample accommodations had
been prepared here by the Confederates for their sick. The hospitals which were, and had been occupied would hold thirty-
five hundred men. Many of the buildings, however, were not suitable for hospitals as they were warm houses with low
ceilings, and long ill-ventilated rooms. On the hill, near the town, the university barracks, blind asylum, and high school, all
in the same neighborhood, with a new and commodious factory building, will make most admirable hospitals, and all have been
used as such, except the latter. I propose to speedily occupy all these, and have recommended that, on the same hill, hospitals
be built to accommodate fifteen hundred men ; so that we may have accommodations for at least three thousand, and in the
same healthy location. My experience in Louisville has satisfied me that
warm houses cannot be made available for large hospitals with any regard for
the lives of patients. 1 have recommended frame buildings with single wards
in each, and good ventilation, as these hospitals will be used mostly in summer.
The troops made a forced march from Green River to this place, and many of
the regiments left their supplies behind them. They have been sent across the
river also, without tents, and are exposed at night to rain, without shelter.
We have to look after over twelve per cent, of sick from the command in
Kentucky, and the men here are fast falling sick. It is evident, from the
preparations for the sick made in this city and at Bowling Green, and from the
accounts we have received, that the sickness in the Confederate army has been
greater than ours, and that much of it was produced by the same epidemic,
that is, by measles. In an army which never exceeded forty thousand men,
they must have had six thousand in the hospitals as an average, and they lost,
at least, seven thousand by death. I regret that I cannot send in reports of
sick. Our army has been so scattered that not more than one-half of the
regimental surgeons could be reached by brigade surgeons and medical direct
ors, and their reports have been very partially received. 1 had hoped, now
that they are nearly all here together, I could get all reports in for January and
February at least, but many surgeons have left all their records behind them.
There is a great scarcity of medical officers. The average is about three
medical officers to two regiments, many surgeons being absent sick, or having
resigned. I sliaM adopt the same hospital system here as in Louisville. But
the citizen physicians who have remained Union men are but few, perhaps
eight in all, and our soldiers will have a great repugnance to be attended by
the disloyal. While the army is near us, perhaps fora fortnight, we can employ
regimental surgeons in the hospitals. I find sick men left in such miserable
r
D-^
„„,,._ F.J!
Fn;. :).— Map of thr Battlefield of Mill
condition, a.s I follow the rear of the army, that 1 have determined to give supplies to each division in the hands of a division
medical purveyor to fit up hospitals.. The transportation of the army is very limited, and one wagon only is allowed a regiment,
and but two ambulances; so that the sick cannot be carried along, and must be left in every village that is passed. The
24 APPENDED DOCUMENTS MILL SPRING AND FORT DONELSON.
regimental surgeons cannot spare bedding, or even medicines, from their small supply, and the men are sometimes found on the
floor with no medicines, bedding, or any other comforts. The army is still encumbered with soldiers who Avill never be fit for
dutv. I have recommended to General Buell to appoint a commission, consisting of the medical director, an adjutant general,
and" a paymaster, to visit each regiment, and at once discharge and pay off all those presented by the regimental surgeons, and
found to be proper cases for discharge.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. MURRAY,
Surgeon U. S. A., and Medical Director.
Colonel C. A. FINLEY,
Surgeon General, U. S. A.
XXVII. Extract from a Narrative of Services in the Medical Staff] from July, 1861, to May
28th, 1863. By Surgeon DAVID P. SMITH, IT. S. Volunteers.
* * * "I first entered the service in July, 1861, as Surgeon of the 18th Massachusetts Volunteers. ' In
December, 1861, I was commissioned Brigade Surgeon. Reporting for duty on January 23d, 1862, to Brigadier General D. C.
Buell. at Louisville, I was ordered to proceed, with all possible despatch, to General G. H. Thomas, the news of whose victory
over Zollicoifer, at Fishing Creek, had just reached Louisville. Purchasing strong horses, I essayed the mud embargo. From
Lebanon, the railroad terminus, to Somerset, Kentucky, where I found the General, the road to be traversed by all supplies for
the General's division was of a most atrocious character. It spoke volumes for the hardihood of the men who could get,
not only infantry, but artillery and supply trains, over it. Although but seventy -five miles, a wagon was often a fortnight on
the road. Reaching Somerset on tlie 29th, I found the little village crowded with sick and wounded. Churches and the town-
house had been pressed into the service. The wounded belonged to the 10th Indiana, 4th Kentucky, 2d Minnesota, and 9th
Ohio Volunteers. Going out to the battle ground, ten miles distant, to see if all the wounded had been brought in, I became
aware of the terrible trial it had been to the sufferers to be brought in by wagons The roads were of such a wretched
description that, taking into account the continual rain, it was wonderful that transportation of them to Somerset had been
effected. Returning thither, I commenced service with the wounded. With the exception of a few primary amputations, no
operations had been done, and none seemed thought of. The chief medical officer was sick ; and the others, new in the contem
plation of the ravages of the conical ball, maintained the most heterodox and opposite theories. It was a lamentable example
of the tendency of the human mind to pass over the golden truth present to the eye, and amuse itself with fatuitous theories.
The dreadful roads over which all of the wounded had been brought had induced profuse suppuration. All the food that could
be procured was beef, pork, and hard bread. Shortly after my arrival, I saw one man die from the irritation produced by
fragments of the upper jaw; which, although split in every direction by the passage of a mini6 ball, had been left without
excision. The same state of things existed also in the case of a fractured lower jaw, and was followed by the same result.
Two cases of gunshot wounds of knee-joint, in which amputation had not been performed, also came to a rapidly fatal termi
nation. In four cases of gunshot fracture of humerus, reported to me as doing well, I found such complete comminution that
in two cases I excised large portions of the shaft, and, in the remaining two, the head of the bone. One of the last named two
died; the three remaining recovered, as I afterward heard, and had very useful arms. In one of these cases a ball striking at
about the insertion of the deltoid, drove a splinter of bone down between the head of the radius and external condyle. One
man, with a buckshot in his brain, near the base, remained for one fortnight after the reception of the injury in a very comfort
able, intelligent state; then convulsions, gradually increasing in severity, closed the scene. Two stumps of amputations in the
continuity of the fore arm came under my notice, whether done for good and sufficient reasons I could not ascertain. I saw no
living thigh stump. Of two amputations at the knee-joint, done by me, one for sloughing stump and protruding tibia, the
other for gunshot fracture of tibia, I never was able to learn the results. I twice ligated the femoral artery in Hunter's canal
for secondary haemorrhage. In one case, in which the external wound had nearly healed, the muscles had been so dissected
up, and the entire limb so infiltrated with blood that gangrene followed. The other recovered from the operation, but I after
ward heard died of diarrhoea about a month after the operation. I found the rat-toothed bullet forceps of Tiemann's peculiar
pattern of very great use, enabling me to extract bullets with great facility. I saw here no case of injury of elbow-joint.
Several cases of gunshot fracture of the femur, of men belonging to the 9th Ohio Volunteers, were doing well when I last saw
them ; and, as I afterward learned from the surgeon of the regiment, they reached Cincinnati in safety. From Somerset
General Thomas's division was ordered back to Louisville, and thence was sent around by steamboat to Nsishville. Nothing of
interest, surgically, occurred during this voyage, or during our stay in Nashville."
[Other extracts from the report of Surgeon Smith will be printed with documents relative to the Battle of Shiloh.]
XXVIII. Account of the Campaign of the Army of the Tennessee, from February to June,
1862, including the Capture of Forts Henry and L>oneUon, and the Battles of Shiloh and
CorintL By Surgeon JOHN II. BRINTON, U. S. V., Medical Director of the Army of the
Tennessee.
" In the latter part of the month of January, 1862, preparations were completed for the departure of most of the troops
EEPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR BRINTON.
25
transport steamers, and proceeded, on the same day, up tlie Ohio River as far as Padncah, Kentucky. Here the expedition
laid to during the night, and, on the following morning, having been reinforced from Paducah by an equal body of troops under
General C. F. Smith, steamed slowly up the Tennessee River, toAvards Fort Henry. This fort was erected on the right or
Tennessee bank of the river, and was so situated as to command completely the navigation of the stream. The waters of the
Tennessee at this period had risen forty feet above the ordinary level, an almost unprecedented height. In consequence of the
swollen stream, the ileet was enabled to pass safely over the torpedoes numerously planted by the enemy along the bed of the
river. On the morning of February 4th, the transports were moored in safety to the bank, within ten miles of the rebel fort,
and the debarkation of the main body of the troops was effected. During this day and the one following, the gunboat fleet,
consisting of the Essex, the Carondelet, the St. Louis, the Cincinnati, the Conestoga, the Tyler, and the Lexington, which had
acted as the armed guard of the transports, were occupied in clearing the river of the torpedoes and infernal machines. The
attack on the fort was fixed for the 6th of February. In the meantime, General C. F. Smith's Division, consisting of the 7th,
9th, 12th, 28th, and 41st Illinois, the llth Indiana, the 7th and 12th Iowa, and 8th and 13th Missouri Volunteers, with cavalry
and artillery, were debarked on the left bank of the river for the purpose of occupying Fort Hindman, which crowned a hill
on the opposite bank, overlooking and commanding Fort Henry. Early on the morning of the 6th, General McClernand's
Division, composed of the 8th, 18th, llth, 20th, 27th, 29th, 30th, 31st, 45th, and 48th Illinois infantry, the 4th Illinois cavalry, four
batteries of artillery, and four companies of detached cavalry, were ordered to march towards the Dover road, in order to come
in the rear of Fort Henry. At the same time the gunboats were directed to open upon the works, and to drive the cannoneers
from their guns. A heavy storm on the previous day rendered the march of General McClernand difficult and tedious; and it
was with the greatest labor that his guns could be dragged along. In the meantime, the attack had been commenced by the
gunboats, and, after one hour's cannonading, the fort surrendered to Commodore Foote. It was by him turned over to Brigadier
General Grant, commanding the expedition. After the fall of Fort Henry, the major part of the U. S. forces encamped on the
hills overlooking the fort. A few companies were placed within the work and on the low ground in its immediate vicinity. A
small garrison was subsequently stationed here. These troops occupied the log huts of the enemy, and were sufficiently
protected from the inclemency of the weather. They suffered much, nevertheless, from disease, especially typhoid pneumonia
and typhoid fever. On the llth of February, all of the sick who had accumulated were dispatched on board the hospital
transport City of Memphis to the hospitals established at Paducah and Mound City. The men who had been scalded by the
explosion of the boiler of the gunboat Essex had been previously sent to the hospital established at the latter place. On the
12th of February, one portion of the army rfioved in two columns and by different roads, from Fort Henry on the Tennessee,
towards Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River. Another embarked on transports, and, under cover of the gunboats,
steamed down the Tennessee, and up the Ohio and Cumberland Rivers, and landed on the left bank of the latter stream, about
three miles below Fort Donelson. The reinforcements,
which were then on their way from St. Louis, Cincin
nati, and other points on the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers,
were also ordered to this landing-place. The march from
Fort Henry across to the Cumberland River was readily
accomplished, the road, for the most part, being in good
condition. The transportation and baggage had been
reduced as much as possible, and the army moved with
out tents, bivouacking in the woods. The hospital de
partment, in consequence of the limited number of wagons
and animals at its disposal, carried but the scantiest sup
plies. It was intended that the residue of its stores should
be forwarded by water to the landing on the Cumberland
River.
The force which moved from Fort Henry by land,
in all some twenty-eight or thirty regiments, advanced
to within two miles of the enemy's stronghold. Here his
pickets were driven in, and a line of investment was
formed. On the 13th, this line was contracted. On the
14th, the skirmishing was heavy, and the enemy was
gradually dislodged from the hills and woods and forced
within his line of rifle pits. During the morning of this
day an attempt was made by the gunboat fleet to force the
passage of the river. This, however, failed, as the fire
from the water batteries of the enemy proved too severe.
One or two of the gunboats were disabled, and the fleet
dropped down beyond the range of the heavy guns. On
the morning of the 15th of February, a vigorous sortie
was made by the enemy, who endeavored, in force, to cut
liis way through the investing lines on our rhrht This r"" f--M;1!> <>'' tllp Ficld of Operations of the Army of the Tennessee, from
. February to June, 1^02.
attempt on Ins part was, however, stoutly resisted, and
during the afternoon and evening he again retired to his works. The action of this day was the most severe and bloody
which occurred during the attack. In the meantime, General C. F. Smith, by a determined assault, succeeded in occupying
a portion of the line of defence, from whence his guns could enfilade the remainder of the rebel works. Early on the morning
following, Sunday, the l(Jth of February, the fort surrendered.
26
APPENDED DOCUMENTS FORT DONELSON1.
Before entering into any detailed account of the action of the medical department throughout the siege of Fort Donelson, it
mav be well, for a moment, to allude to its general condition at the commencement of the campaign. The medical resources of the
expeditionary force of the Cumberland and Tennessee were altogether insufficient. Irregularities in the quartermaster's depart
ment had for months existed in the District of Cairo, and the supply of ambulance wagons and hospital tents to the troops
composing the force, did not equal the average amount distributed to the other armies of the United States. The number
of medical officers, also, was too small; but t\vo, a surgeon and assistant surgeon, were, at that time, allowed to each regiment,
while the regiments were, for the most part, of nearly maximum strength. The amount of labor which subsequently devolved
upon the medical officers was immense, and when it is considered that the campaign about to be initiated was to be sustained
in a malarious country, and that the troops were to be subjected to every privation and exposure, it will readily be seen how
unenviable was the position of the medical staff. In addition to the ordinary hardships of the march and bivouac, great battles
were to be fought, and the wants of vast numbers of men, placed suddenly kors de combat, were to be met and supplied. The
theatre of the bloody drama was almost a wilderness. Towns and villages were comparatively few, and the region, to a great
extent, was uncultivated. Farm houses were encountered only at intervals, and the country had been impoverished and
drained of its resources by the enemy. The distances to be traversed were great, and the bases of supplies remote. At no
time, during the early part of this campaign, were the conveniences for the establishment of large general hospitals to be found;
in fact, the drugs, medicines, and hospital stores absolutely essential for the field, were, with difficulty, obtained. Fortunately
for the Army of the Tennessee, Surgeon J. Simons, U. S. A., the medical director of the district of Cairo, had, at an early
FIG. 5.— Side view of the Finley two-wheeled one-horse Ambulance.
FIG. 6. — Rear view of the same.
period, organized a general hospital at Mound City, Illinois, with a capacity of one thousand beds. After the surrender of Fort
son, and the battle of Shiloh, the capacity of this hospital was augmented to seventeen hundred beds. The hospitals at
.raaucan were also en
larged to the utmost, and
it was the endeavor of the
surgeons to keep, at all
times, a certain number
of beds vacant and in re
serve. The regimental
medical supplies, as a
general rule, were less
than the quota allowed
by regulations. Usually
every regiment possessed
one or two two-wheeled
ambulances of the pat
tern figured, and one,
or sometimes two, four-
wheeled ambulance wag
ons. The former vehicles
proved, practically, fail
ures ; they were too light
in their construction, un-
suited to the rough, miry
roads of the country, —
and were easily broken.
FIG. 7.— Side view of the Wheeling or Kosecrans Ambulance.
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR BRLNTON.
27
They accommodated but two or three invalids, and, especially in rainy weather, required two horses to draw them. The four-
wheeled spring ambulance, figured on the preceding page, fulfilled its purpose better. Every regiment was furnished with the
ordinary hospital knapsack, intended to be carried by the orderly accompanying the surgeon, in action. Most of the regiments
possessed, also, in addition, a medicine chest, filled with drugs. This chest was carried in one of the ambulance wagons.
The surgeons of regiments were ordered by the medical director of the expedition to carry with them, each some fifteen
or twenty extra blankets. The number of hospital teuts did not exceed two to a regiment, and frequently there was but one.
Of hand-litters or stretchers, two or three were usually carried. The very great degree of dampness and cold during the
commencement of this campaign rendered some permanent means of warmth necessary for the comfort of the sick and wounded
in the hospital tents. The stove usually adopted was the ordinary funnel-shaped one of sheet iron, open at the bottom, and
placed directly on the ground. It answered the purposes of heating a small tent sufficiently well, but was too small for the
larger tents. Each regiment was also furnished with an hospital mess chest.
The arrangements for tke accommodation and relief of the wounded, during the siege and assault of Fort Donelson, wTere
as efficiently conducted as was possible under the circumstances. The medical department suffered great privations. The
supplies of stores and medicines, for the reasons previously given, were but scanty, and the number of medical officers was
hardly sufficient. Still, under the efficient supervision of Surgeon H. S. Hewit, U. S. Volunteers, at that time medical director
of the expedition, such disposition was made of the men and means at hand, that all the wounded were rapidly removed from
the field, and promptly and properly dressed. To accomplish this result the following system was adopted : every regiment, as
it passed into action, was accompanied by one medical officer. This officer remained with the regiment and shared its fortunes
and its dangers. In all cases of severe injury, and when the peril to life was imminent, the necessary surgical attentions were
rendered on the spot, and under fire. When the case was less grave, and especially when the patient was able to walk, he was
sent some two or three hundred yards to the rear of his regiment to the most advanced point attained by the ambulance train.
This depot was generally so placed as to be removed from the immediate range of fire. The locality selected was commonly a
ravine, and the route was so chosen as to wind in and out the valleys, with but little exposure. The fire from the enemy's
guns, mounted on works cresting the hills, was apt to be high, and this fact contributed to the ease and security with which the
wounded were transported from the field to the large hospitals established in the rear, at points completely out of range. These
hospitals were four in number. Three of them, A, B, and C, under the direction, respectively, of Surgeons H. P. Stearns, D.
W. Hartshorn, and Horace Wardner, U. S. V., were established in small log huts and out-buildings. A fourth was
formed of hospital tents, and wras in charge of
Surgeon C. Goodbrake, 20th Illinois Volunteers.
The author acted as consulting surgeon.
A building occupied as headquarters, near
the intersection of Hickman Creek and the Fort
Henry road, was, during the progress of the siege,
turned over to the medical department, and was
also used as a hospital. To these hospitals all the
wounded were transported as soon as they fell ;
those from the left wing to the hospitals at B and C ;
those from the centre to the hospital at A, and those
from the right wing to an hospital near to A. As
tke division of General McClernand moved to the
right, and when the severe fighting occurred on this
wing, additional field hospitals were established
by Surgeon H. P. Stearns at some small houses on
the roadside.
All of the ambulances of the various regi
ments in the -field were collected together for the
formation of the ambulance trains. Each one of
these trains was placed under tlie charge of a non
commissioned officer, whose business it was to see
that a continuous line of wagons should ply be
tween the scene of conflict and the general hos
pitals. These orders were strictly followed, and,
as a result, the majority of the wounded on the
field were, in a few minutes, transported to points
where every surgical attention could be rendered,
and where their cases could be definitively acted
upon. At the general hospitals, the accommoda
tions afforded by the log lints and stables were
found to be utterly insufficient, and it became
necessary to extemporize shelter for the injured.
This was effected by littering the ground with
hay and straw, and spreading, as a protection,
canvass covers obtained from the quartermaster's
trains. Large fires were built, bullocks killed, soup,
tea, and coffee prepared, and thus the wounded
C~\ r-f • J
w-^- - < - " 11 - - • 11 - T " 11 — "" 1 - - ' " V V
FK;. 8.— Map of Fort Donrlson ana its Approaches, and the Hospital Stations of
the besieffiiitf Army.
2$ APPENDED DOCUMENTS FORT DONELSON.
were placed in a state of comparative comfort, despite the inclemency of the weather. The inmates of these field
hospitals were allowed to remain four or five days, at the expiration of which time arrangements were perfected for their
transportation to other points. They were shipped in steamers, sent down the Cumberland River, and were distributed to
the hospitals at Paducah, Mound City, Cincinnati, Louisville, and St. Louis. Many of the operations performed in the field
hospitals were of the most serious character, and the surgeons in charge labored incessantly for several days. The immediate
results of these operations were, as far as known, successful. No case of death occurred under the knife, or following
immediately any major operation. In almost every instance anesthetics were employed, chloroform being commonly selected.
No untoward result followed its use. In many cases of compound fracture of the lower extremity, and especially of the femur,
attempts were made to save the limbs. These efforts, in some instances, were attended with remarkable success. At this period
of the war in the West, the want of a number of hospital steamers, properly fitted up and well officered, became painfully
manifest. The lack of such means of transportation was, in many cases, the cause of great misery to our poor invalids, and,
to the certain knowledge of the author, many lives were, in consequence, sacrificed. It was not until some weeks after the
events described that this deficiency was remedied by the action of the military authorities.
The strength of the national forces engaged, during the three days' attack upon Fort Donelson, was about thirty thousand
men. The loss, as stated officially, amounted to four hundred killed, and one thousand seven hundred and eighty five wounded.
The casualties resulting from cannon shot or shell, in this action, were comparatively small ; by far the majority of the wounds
were indicted bv the rifle. In many cases, the missile employed was the conoidal ball fired from the improved arm. In other
instances, the wounds were produced by the round ball fired from the ordinary western rifle. The great predominance of injuries
from small arms, as noticed at Fort Donelson, arose from the fact that the action was essentially one of sharpshooters. The
enemy, from behind his earthen breastworks surmounted with logs, kept up an incessant fire, to which the Federal troops were
unavoidably exposed for a protracted period. The only shelter of which they could avail themselves was the abatis of felled
timber on the hillsides in front of the enemy's works. This cover was slight and precarious, and to extricate a wounded man
from the intertwined branches and prostrate trunks was painful and difficult for him, and perilous for the litter bearers. Despite
these difficulties, the wounded who could not drag themselves off were borne away early in the evening of each day by the
ambulance attendants, whose courage and perseverance was worthy of the highest praise. In many instances they succeeded
in removing the wounded from within a very short distance of the enemy's lines. The loss sustained in this action Avas dispro
portionately divided among the investing forces. Some divisions suffered far more than others. The casualties in General
McClernand's first division were greatly in excess of the average. This was probably due to its exposed position, forming,
as it did, the extreme right wing, stretching toward the Cumberland river and across the road leading from the fort to
Clarksville, the path by which the enemy endeavored to effect his retreat.
The loss of the enemy during the siege and assault was probably not quite as heavy as that experienced by the national
troops. The former fought behind earthworks deliberately and carefully constructed, and for the first two days they were but
slightly exposed. During all this time, they were able to observe every movement of their assailants, and to mass their forces
and direct their fire wherever an assault was threatened. Most of their wounded were rapidly conveyed, by steamers, to Clarks
ville and Nashville. At the subsequent capture of these towns, many of them fell into our hands. When the village of Dover,
in the immediate rear of Fort Donelson, was occupied by General Grant, only a few of their injured were found, and the wounds
of these were generally so severe, as to have forbidden their previous removal. During the vicissitudes of the fight of Febru
ary 15th, one or two small temporary depots of the Federal wounded fell into the hands of the enemy. These patients were
sent by the enemy, with their own injured, to Nashville, and a few days later were recaptured by the national force which
occupied that city. Immediately after the occupation of Dover, all of the slightly wounded were placed in hospital in the
houses of that town. The seriously injured, as has been already stated, were despatched in transports to large general hospitals,
prepared for their reception, in the cities on the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. The exposure of the troops during the siege was
very great. The weather was, at first, excessively cold ; a light fall of snow, degenerating into a sleet, then occurred. The troops
resting on their arms during the night in the presence of the enemy were, of course, unprotected by tents. But their greatest
suffering arose from the total absence of fires during the night, an absolute military precaution. Each morning, at sunrise, the
firing recommenced, and it was with the greatest difficulty that provisions could be prepared. The suffering of the wounded
during this protracted battle, although unquestionably great, was, however, not to be prevented. The hospital accommodations
afforded by the two or three mean farm houses in the neighborhood were, at best, but insignificant, and of hospital tents there
were scarcely any. Transportation for the few tents in the possession of the medical staff, when at Fort Henry, had been
denied, simply because it could not be procured. In fact, the teams and wagons were too few in number to meet the wants of the
army. Those at command were employed day and night in bringing up food and ammunition, and this was with difficulty
accomplished. It was, however, a noticeable fact, that despite the benumbed condition of the men before being wounded, and
their comparative exposure afterwards, not a single case of tetanus occurred during their sojourn in the vicinity of Fort
Donelson. Nor does this affection appear to have been met with subsequent to the removal of the same wounded to the general
hospitals. At least no cases were reported, and the author has every reason to believe that they did not occur. The unavoid
able exposure sustained by the troops at Fort Donelson resulted, ultimately, in grave diseases, which materially thinned the
ranks of the army. Diarrhoea, dysentery, and pneumonia of a typhoid type became fearfully prevalent, and thousands of
Idiers were broken down, and were then sent down the river to the general hospitals. During the two weeks following the
surrender of the fort, the army lay, for the most part, on the surrounding heights. Detachments were pushed up the Cumber-
iver to Clarksville, and about the same time the division of Brigadier General Nelson, which had been detached from
'sarmy to reinforce General Grant, was directed by the latter to proceed in transports, under convoy of a gunboat,
simile. This, General Nelson accomplished, reaching Nashville simultaneously with the arrival of General Buell at
field, on the opposite bank of the Cumberland. General Buell, with the army of the Ohio, had advanced by way of
Green. General Nelson immediately landed his troops and occupied the town, which, on the following day, was
tormally surrendered by its mayor and prominent citizens to General Buell.
REPORT OF SURGEON J. II. BRINTON, U. S. V. 29
By tlio early part of March, all obstructions to the free navigation of the Cumberland River were removed, and the army
was withdrawn from Fort Donelson, and was again concentrated around Fort Henry on the Tennessee. The waters of this river
still continued at an inordinate height, and its banks were, in many places, overflown. Fore Henry itself was almost completely
submerged. Towards the middle of this month the entire force, mustering nearly fifty thousand men, and filling eighty trans
port steamers, proceeded, under the command of Major General Smith, up the Tennessee River, as far as Savannah, on the
right bank of the stream. The distance from Fort Henry to Savannah is about one hundred and twenty miles. On the arrival
of the expedition at this place, the debarkation of the troops was effected, although but slowly. For military reasons the troops
were kept for several days closely packed on the transports. Many of these steamers carried a thousand men, and some few
even more, together with the accompanying equipage and animals. Sufficient accommodation had not been provided for the
troops on the boats; and. as the result of the overcrowding and exposure to the night air, the same disastrous sickness and
mortality, which had prevailed below, accompanied them here. An epidemic typhoid fever of the most aggravated form
appeared, and the daily deaths were numerous. To add to the difficulties of the situation, the supplies of drugs and medical
comforts ran short, while sufficient shelter and accommodation could not be provided for the sick. The town of Savannah
became one vast hospital, and nearly every dwelling was occupied by invalids. Hospital tents, so badly needed, could not be
procured, and the transportation by the boats at the disposal of the medical department, was sadly inadequate. In fact, but
one steamer, the City of Memphis, was available for this purpose, and that but to a limited degree, the lower deck of the vessel
being occupied by the quartermaster's department, As a consequence, the sick, riot being removed with sufficient rapidity,
accumulated on the hands of an already overworked medical staff. To remedy this evil, the author was despatched by Major
General Grant, who had reassumed the command of the army at Savannah, to St. Louis, the headquarters of the department,
and, after some delays, succeeded in procuring other steamers, the first of the noble hospital fleet of the western waters. The
full description of the organization of this hospital transport system will be found elsewhere.
About the first of April, the main body of the army moved to a point on the opposite or left bank of the river, known as
"Pittsburgh Landing," shortly to become the scene of one of the most desperate conflicts of the war, the battle of Shiloh Chapel.
The physical condition of the men about to engage in this severe action was unpromising in the extreme. Many of them had
been for weeks suffering from the diarrhoea peculiar to the Tennessee River. This is said to result from the large amount
of animal decomposition which takes place on the mussel beds or shoals, a few miles above Pittsburgh Landing. Whether this
explanation be or be. not correct, it is certain that almost every one drinking the waters of the river suffered from a profuse
diarrhoea which resisted obstinately the ordinary therapeutic means. These persistent discharges greatly augmented lassitude
already resulting from the general malarious influence, and contributed to weaken the most robust.
On the morning of Sunday, April 6th, 18(52, the national forces, commanded by Major General Grant, were attacked by
the enemy, led by Generals A. Sidney Johnston and Beauregard. The disposition of General Grant's command on this morning
may be thus briefly stated. His left wing rested on Lick Creek, and his right on Owl Creek, two streams emptying into the
Tennessee River, nearly at a right angle to the course of the latter. The main body of the army lay between these streams,
nearly parallel with the direction of the river, and was arranged in two, or rather three, parallel lines. The front line was
composed of the divisions of Prentiss and Sherman, two and a half miles distant from the landing. The rear, near the river,
was formed by the divisions of Hurlbut and Smith. Between these two lines were posted the forces under McClernand, the
1st division of the army. On the 4th and 5th of April some preliminary skirmishes occurred on the extreme front, and at day
break on the 6th, General Johnston attacked in force. His command was disposed in three lines, at intervals of from five to
eight hundred yards. His first line was led by Hardee, his second by Bragg, and his third by Polk. A powerful reserve,
under Breckenridge, followed in the rear. The assault, fierce and impetuous, commenced on General Grant's right, and rapidly
extended along his entire front. After a brief resistance, the division of Prentiss, on the left, was pierced, and partially sur
rounded, several of its regiments, with the General commanding, were captured, and the remainder of the command was driven
back. Sherman's division, fighting desperately, was also obliged to retire, and its camp was captured. The second line,
McClernand's command, for a short period held their ground. But the attack of the enemy was furiously pushed, and their
supporting lines were successively brought into action. By noon, the front and middle lines of the Federal force, throughout
their whole extent, were pushed back on the rear lines in the vicinity of the landing. The brunt of the assault was now
sustained by the divisions of Hurlbut and Smith, the latter commanded by General W. H. L. Wallace, who soon fell, mortally
wounded. The career of the enemy was constantly and persistently onward, until he was confronted and held at bay by batte
ries of heavy artillery, hastily placed in position. In the meantime, the army of the' Ohio, under Major General Buell, was
rapidly hurrying to the scene of action; and by half-past four o'clock in the afternoon the first regiments of Nelson's division
crossed and advanced to the support of the heavy battery. At the same moment, the guns of the Lexington and Tyler, wooden
gunboats, opened on the enemy, who incautiously approached too near the river on the left. Darkness coming on. the attacking
columns withdrew for a short distance. The condition of affairs on the bluffs at the landing was, on this night, most gloomy.
All of the camps, with the exception of General W. H. L. Wallace's, had fallen into the enemy's hands. Many of the regiments
were disorganized, and the division of General Prentiss was annihilated. The capture of the camps produced great suffering
among the troops, and very materially interfered with the can; of the wounded. Despite all the misfortunes of the day, one
consolation remained: the enemy had failed to prevent the junction of the armies of the Ohio and of the Tennessee. The fresh
troops of the former were constantly arriving from Savannah, and rapidly passing to the front, Every moment of this night was
spent in preparation for the coming contest of the morrow. Early in the morning, the united forces under Generals Grant and
Buell. the former reinforced by the division of General Lewis Wallace, which arrived in the evening, moved forward to the attack.
The enemy, obstinately disputing the ground, slowly retreated, and the national army again parsed over and held the ground
lost on the previous day. By tour o'clock, on Monday afternoon, the enemy had been driven from the field, and was in full
it-treat on Corinth, abandoning bis dead, and very many of his wounded. The Federal army regained its camps, and that night
the troops occupied .their old quarters without fear of molestation. The labors of the medical officers during the battle of Shiloh,
and subsequently, were most arduous, and were effected under evwry disadvantage. The capture of the camps had stripped the
30 APPENDED DOCUMENTS — SIIIL01I.
regimental officers of all their medical supplies and instruments, which were carried off by the enemy in their retreat. The
stores which had been forwarded from St. Louis had not yet arrived. The number of medical officers was scanty, and very many
of them, who remained at their posts in local hospitals, had been captured during the Sunday's fight. Under such circum
stances the medical director of General Grant's army, Surgeon H. S. Hewit, U. S. V., was called upon to provide for wounded
as numerous as those of Waterloo. It must be remembered that this was to be done in a wilderness, that no depots existed in
the viciuitv, and that no towns or cities of any size were accessible. The only building on the field which could be taken for a
hospital was a single log hut, fifteen by thirty feet, near the landing, which had been originally used as headquarters. This,
with a few tents, was the only shelter for the injured which could be afforded in the first day's fight. The removal of the
wounded was a matter of very great difficulty. In the early capture of the camps the wagons and stretchers were lost, and the
rapid advance of the enemy precluded the transportation of the injured to the rear by hand. Indeed, during the battle, and for
the two days following, men could not be spared from the ranks. Military necessity required that every man should be at his
post in the field. The mass of the wounded in Sunday's fight, who received the attentions of the surgeons, had dragged them
selves, as best they might, to the high bluffs between the middle and hospital landings. Here, in the vicinity of the log hut
previously mentioned, such tents as were procurable had been pitched, and such dispositions as the circumstances admitted were
made. A limited amount of hay had been obtained from the transports, and this, littered on the earth, served as a bed for those
most grievously hurt. All others lay on the soaked ground. To feed the sufferers, bullocks were killed, and soups prepared
with great difficulty, for neither cooking utensils nor hospital furniture could be obtained. The weather was terrible, the rain
incessant, and the mud almost knee deep. The medical officers of the command labored faithfully, and all that was possible
was done to alleviate the horrors of that fearful night. To add to the terrors of the situation, it must be stated, that even the
plateau occupied by the wounded had become a thoroughfare, and was swept over by the retreating masses of our troops, many
of whom, a panic stricken mob, sought the shelter of the cliffs to escape the fire of the enemy. On the afternoon of the
Sunday's action, the shot of the enemy, also, fell freely among the writhing masses of wounded, whose further removal or pro
tection was impossible. During the latter part of the same day, large numbers of the injured were conveyed by boats, and
especially by the hospital transport City of Memphis, to the town of Savannah, seven miles below, on the opposite side of the
river. On the following morning, Monday, the advance of our troops and the retreat of the enemy commenced. During this
forward movement, vast numbers of wounded were brought in to the main hospital depot. These were not only those who had
been hit on that day, but also our own and many of the enemy's wounded from the Sunday's fight. Surgeon Goldsmith, U. S.
Volunteers, was placed in charge of the main hospital. By the authority of General Grant, all tents that could be found were
at once pitched, and the hospital shelter was extended to its utmost, and an operating staff of the most efficient surgeons was
detailed. These gentlemen, among whom were Brigade Surgeons M. Goldsmith, S. W. Gross, Maylert, Smith, Mussey, and John
ston, Surgeon Stephens of the Gth Ohio, and Assistant Surgeon D. Bache, U. S. A., rendered efficient service, and are especially
mentioned in the report of Surgeon E. Murray. A separate hospital for three hundred men was improvised by Assistant Surgeon
B. J. D. Irvvin, U. S. A., who, by prompt seizure of tents, camp kettles, cooking utensils, etc., from a camp adjacent to the
fighting ground of his division, was enabled to place it in admirable working order. Dr. Irwin was ably and faithfully assisted
by Surgeon Menzies of the 1st, Surgeon Griffith of the 2d, and Surgeon Welch of the 20th Kentucky Volunteers.
On the morning of Tuesday, Surgeon. Murray, by virtue of his rank, assumed the medical directorship of the united
• armies. The general arrangements of Surgeon Hewit were approved and continued, and every exertion was made to send away
the wounded. The organization and fitting up of the boats was entrusted to Brigade Surgeon A. P. Maylert, U. S. V. The
regular hospital boat, the City of Memphis, under charge of Assistant Surgeon Turner, 1st Illinois Artillery, was immediately
laden with seven hundred wounded, who were transported to Mound City Hospital. The steamers Hiawatha, J. J. Roe, War
Eagle, and Crescent City, were turned over to the medical department. These boats were at once fitted up, as Avell as the circum
stances would permit, and on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday following the battle, were filled to their utmost capacity
and despatched down the river to the general hospitals at Louisville, Cincinnati, Evansville, New Albany, and St. Louis.
Every boat, on leaving, was placed under the charge of an experienced surgeon, and, in their downward trips, many important
operations wtre performed. Towards the end of the week, other boats arrived : the government hospital boats Louisiana, D. A.
January, Empress, and Imperial, all of which left full of wounded for the hospitals of the great western cities. The able presi
dent of the western sanitary commission, Mr. Yeatman, and Dr. Douglass, of the United States sanitary commission, soon
arrived, and, by the distribution of the stores at their command, contributed much to assist the efforts of the medical officers.
In addition to the civil aid thus rendered, volunteer boats from a distance shortly made their appearance. The one from Louis
ville deserves special mention. The officers of this vessel cooperated in the most satisfactory manner with the medical director,
receiving and caring for the wounded of their own and other states, and also wounded Confederate prisoners. It is to be regretted
that this same liberal spirit did not animate all of the volunteer and aid societies who hurried to this scene of carnage. It unfortu
nately, however, happened that, in some cases, boats fitted out by the governors of states, and by local sanitary committees,
d to distinguish between the wounded of their own and other states, in favor of the former, and refused to receive;, or
received unwillingly, those whom, in the estimation of these charitable philanthropists, were not entitled to their aid. In short,
BO greatly did this illiberal conduct conflict with, and prejudice the action of, the medical department, that it became necessary
for the director authoritatively to declare that, as regarded the wounded, all state distinctions should be ignored, and that
the helpless soldier, friend or foe, should alike be cared for.
Despite the paucity of resources, the action of Surgeons Hewit and Murray, the medical directors of the two great armies,
was, under these trying circumstances, so energetic that, by the expiration of the week of the battle, all the injured were sent
to permanent city hospitals. The total force carried into this action by General Grant amounted, probably, to fifty-five
usand men. Of these, probably some- twenty thousand were raw troops who had never before been under fire. Eight
gnnents behaved badly, and sought the shelter of the river bluffs in an earlv staire of the action. They scattered
ie river side m complete disorganization, and were of no service whatever in "resisting the enemy. The number of
.s which Btood to their colors, and did faithful soldiers' duty on these two trying days, did not exceed fifty. The force
REPOKT OF SURGEON J. H. BRINTON, U. S. V. 31
General Buell engaged on Monday was about thirty-five thousand. Tlie number of killed, wounded, and missing, in the
Federal armies, amounted to about twelve thousand ; by far the greater proportion of these occurred in the army of the
Tennessee. The casualties in the army of the Ohio were two hundred and thirty-six killed, and one thousand seven hundred
and twenty-eight wounded. It must, however, be remembered, that the bulk of General Buell's force, arriving on Sunday
night, participated only in the action of Monday. The attack of the enemy on Sunday was met by General Grant's forces
alone, with the exception, perhaps, of two regiments of the army of the Ohio, who, on Sunday night, marched to the support
of the batteries on the left.
As has been already remarked, the supplies of medicines and hospital stores in the possession of the army of the Ten
nessee, on the morning of the 6th of April, were but scanty, and most of the regiments lost all, including their instruments, at
the time of the capture of their camps. The sufferings of our wounded, when carried to the rear, were necessarily much aggra
vated by this existing destitution. This will, perhaps, be partially appreciated, if the reader will imagine thousands of human
beings, who had been wounded and lacerated in every conceivable manner, on the ground, under a pelting rain, without shelter,
without bedding, without straw to lay upon, and with but little food. The situation of a hale man, stricken down by violence,
is at all times pitiful in the extreme, even when surrounded by those who sympathize and render the aid they can. But the
circumstances attending the battle of Shiloh were fearful, and the agonies of the wounded were beyond all description. They
were, moreover, fearfully increased by the dearth of those nourishments and stimulants so essential to relieve the shock of
injury. It must not be inferred from these remarks that blame was to be imputed to the medical officers of the two commands.
Far from it; they did much, and all that was in their power. The difficulty, at all events, so far as the army of the Tennessee
was concerned, lay in the absence of supplies. This contingency had been foreseen, and strenuous efforts had been made by the
medical directors to anticipate it. Requisition following requisition had been made for the very stores, medicines, and hospital
tents, the want of which proved so disastrous upon the 6th and 7th of April. Unfortunately, at this time the medical
department of the United States army had not yet freed itself from that system of blind routine which, serving well the wants
of a small army, in time of peace, yet failed utterly to meet the necessities of a gigantic war. With regard to the army of the
Ohio, the latter part of their march from Nashville had been a forced one, and their transportation, limited to but one hospital
wagon to each regiment, was insufficient. As this command approached Pittsburgh, the medical officers were obliged, from
military reasons, to leave their ambulances and hospital supplies behind, and hurry on in pressing haste. Instruments, and
such supplies as could be carried on horse-back, were hastily brought to the field, and thus, to a certain extent, immediate wants
were supplied. A day or so after the battle, the trains arrived, and also a storeboat laden with supplies, under the charge of
Assistant Surgeon B. Howard, U. S. A., the medical purveyor of this army. The advent of this boat, which had been ordered
from Louisville up the Tennessee river, was most opportune. The supplies thus furnished, to a great extent, sufficed to meet
the wants of the destitute and impoverished hospitals.
The nature of the wounds caused by the fire to which the troops were subjected at the battle of Shiloh, was of the most varied
kind. At times they were exposed to that of artillery, both light and heavy, from which almost every species of projectile was
thrown — solid shot, round and conical ; grape and canister, spherical case and shell. At othertimes, the fire was from musketry, both
at long and short range. The small arms used by the enemy was the improved rifle, throwing the conoidal ball ; the western
rifle, and the old fashioned smooth-bore muskets. The cartridge for the latter was- generally composed of ball and buck shot.
The smooth-bore musket was largely used at Shiloh, and there, as elsewhere, proved itself a formidable weapon. Its destruc-
tiveness arises, possibly, from the fact that troops armed with it most frequently close with their opponents. The small balls in
the cartridge also scatter to a considerable extent, and the chances of striking an enemy at short range are largely increased.
As has been observed by Surgeon Murray, in his report of this battle, a large proportion of our wounded were hit in the
lower extremities. The killed were mostly shot through the head and abdomen. No case was reported to Surgeon Murray of
death from haemorrhage, and only one instance of active bleeding from a vessel of large size. Surgeon Goldsmith, U. S. V.,
mentioned to the author, that being desirous of learning whether external hfcmorrhage often occurs as the instant result of
gunshot wound, he had placed himself immediately in the rear of a line exposed to a heavy concentrated fire. As well as be
could observe, of the many men injured at this time, but one such instance of haemorrhage occurred, and that was in the case of a
soldier stricken in the neck by a fragment of shell. The carotid artery was severed, and death was instantaneous, before the
observer, in close proximity, could reach him. The death of General A. Sidney Johnston, commanding the enemy, probably
resulted from haemorrhage. It is stated in the despatch of Colonel Preston, who had his body in charge, that he received a
wound from a mirii6 ball which cut the popliteal artery, but he rode on, until, from loss of blood, he fell, exhausted, and "died
without pain, in a few moments." But very few bayonet or sabre wounds presented themselves; a remarkable fact in an action
of this magnitude, in which the losses on both sides were so heavy, and in which the forces engaged were at such close quarters.
The medical corps, throughout the whole of this bloody conflict, behaved with the utmost gallantry. Brigade Surgeon Everett
was instantly killed by a ball striking him in the forehead, and other medical officers were severely injured. The operations
performed on the field were, many of them, of the gravest nature ; among these were a large number of amputations and
excisions. The surgeons of the principal hospital depots were heavily tasked, and worked for three days and nights, with but
little remission. No amputations of the hip joint occurred on the field. Two, however, were performed subsequently on the
transports ; one at the hands of Brigade Surgeon George C. Blackmail, U. S. V.,* of Cincinnati, on board of the volunteer boat sent
by the city of Cincinnati. The patient died in six days. The other was performed by Surgeon 1). P. Smith, U. S. V., on his way
down the Tennessee River, in charge of a boat-load of wounded.* The patient lest but four or five ounces of blood, and reached
St. Louis in safety, but died, as the author has been informed by Surgeon Smith, six days afterwards. The results of the surgical
operations performed at the battle of Pittsburgh Landing cannot be satisfactorily arrived at. The present system of surgical
reports had not, at that time, been adopted, and the one then followed was extremely faulty. But little information concerning
the action of the medical department was transmitted to the chief of the bureau, and that which was furnished was, to a great
degree, destitute of professional interest. The rapid removal of the patients from the scene of action precluded the observation
*Cnscs xxiii and xxiv of Circular 7, S. G. O., 1867, p. 31.
32 APPENDED DOCUMENTS SHILOH.
even of immediate chance*, and subsequent results were lost from the reasons above stated. As far. however, as the author hag
been enabled to learn from verbal inquiries in many hospitals, the results of the surgery of the battle of Shiloh, were, on the whole,
unfavorable. The exposure of the men immediately following the receipt of their injuries, the absence of proper nourishment,
the scarcity of medical supplies, and the prolonged transportation in over-crowded boats, all tended so to depress the vital
powers as "to favor, to a marked degree, the development of pyaemia, and death from exhaustion. At the time of this battle, it
was utterly impossible to provide permanently for the wants of the wounded on the spot. The necessity for their transportation
was unfortunate, but it was inevitable. A certain number, some eighteen hundred, were conveyed to the village of Savannah,
Tennessee, on the opposite bank of the river. Early in the month, and immediately following the occupation of the place by
the United States troops, a number of regimental hospitals had been located at this place. Shortly afterward, the organization
of a general hospital was directed by Medical Director Hewit. On the morning of the 6th of April, Surgeon Murray, in
passing through the town, ordered all buildings to be at once converted into hospitals. This was done by the afternoon of the
same day, by which time many of the wounded from the battlefield above commenced to arrive, and the number subsequently
increased to eighteen hundred. Of these, about one thousand were placed in large and well ventilated buildings, tolerably well
suited for their reception. Two hundred were placed in the houses of the inhabitants, and the remaining six hundred accom
modated in tents. The location and drainage of the hospital camp was good, cleanliness was strictly observed, and the general
police was satisfactory. The result of the cases treated in the tents was better, and their recovery more speedy than those who
were treated in the houses. Surgeon Stearns, U. S. V., medical director oi hospitals at Savannah, in his report, draws especial
attention to this fact. This experience at Savannah is only one of the many instances, during the war, in which the treatment
of wounded in tents in the vicinity of the battlefield has proven highly beneficial. Great difficulty was experienced,
during and after this action, in procuring the necessary hospital attendants and nurses. No ambulance corps had ever been
organized, and no details of men or nurses could be made from the ranks. The constant expectation of a renewal of the
conflict obliged the military commanders to retain every able bodied man. The medical department was, therefore, forced to
depend for hospital attendants entirely upon the panic stricken crowd who had ignominiously abandoned their colors and
fled to the river for protection. It is probable that no battle of equal magnitude, where the numbers of wounded were so great,
has ever occurred, in which the medical department was so destitute as on the bloody field of Shiloh. It is equally probable
that, in no like conflict, have the wounded been so rapidly removed from the scene of action; a result mainly due to the energy
and ability of Medical Directors Murray and Hewit.
As soon as the army at Shiloh had been disencumbered of its wounded, immediate steps were taken to perfect the
organization of the medical department. This work \va» commenced by Surgeon James Simons, U. S. A., and energetically
continued by Surgeon Charles McDougall, U. S. A., successively the medical directors of the united forces of the armies of the
Tennessee, the Ohio, and the Mississippi. The latter corps, under General Pope, had been operating along the Mississippi,
and, about the middle of March, had captured New Madrid, and Island No. 10. General Pope was then ordered by General
Halleck to ascend the Tennessee Kiver to Pittsburgh, and to join the troops already concentrated at that point. He arrived in a
convoyed fleet on the 20th of April, with a force of twenty thousand men. His troops were then incorporated with those of
Generals Grant and Buell, and formed a part of the forces thereafter known as the armies of the Tennessee. About the 20th
ot April, Major General Halleck, the department commander, arrived from St. Louis, and pei-sonally assumed the direction of
the field movements of the united armies. By his order, full powers for procuring supplies were delegated to Surgeon
McDougall, who vigorously applied himself to the work before him. At the time of Dr. McDougall's arrival at headquarters,
the medical supplies of the united armies were exceedingly meagre. Great hospitals were absolutely needed, and yet but sixty-
five hospital tents, some two or three hundred bedsacks, and a few cots were on hand. In the midst of this destitution, the sick
commenced to arrive upon the river bank, singly and by hundreds. Orders had been issued for the command to prepare to
advance, and these orders were interpreted by many medical officers as a permission to neglect and abandon their sick.
The type of disease, at this time prevailing, was chiefly a camp fever, assuming a more or less typhoid form, and attended
with great fatality. The violence of this affection arose from several causes, the chief of which were the insalubrity of the
imp sites, the impure water, and the scanty supply of fresh meat and vegetables. The ground, too, on which the army was
imped was the field of battle. On this, and in its close vicinity, thousands of men and animals had been buried, and in
ns of the plain the effluvia were most disagreeably perceptible to the passer by. As the result of these combined
nek list of every regiment was rapidly increasing; and it unfortunately happened, that the regimental hospitals
lose in which the invalid could best be cared for. They were generally formed of an insufficient number of tents
e woods, on damp soil, with scanty supplies, and with inadequate medical attendance. The medical officers in the
scarcely averaged one to a regiment, and none were detailed to batteries. The care of the sick in these latter com-
s consequently devolved upon the nearest regimental surgeon, who, generally, was already overworked. To remedy
eon McDougall directed the formation of large general hospitals, intended especially for convalescents. The
.sly ,11 were received upon the hospital boats. The largest of these convalescent hospitals was established at the
.rg, three miles above Pittsburgh Landing. An effective force of medical officers was detailed for its
«ement, and supplies were furnished. A similar hospital was also established in the neighborhood of
others, also, in the respective divisions. When the number of medical officers was insufficient for the
il physicians were engaged on contract by the medical director, and were assigned to different posts of
e meantime, ample stores of medicines and hospital comforts had arrived.
The boat of the medical purveyor lay
e nui il'S> medichle?' a»d lM»Ptal -tores had been furnished to the regiments, and the vast army of more than
men was again ready to take the field. In the meantime, the enemy, after the battle of Shiloh, retreated
EEPORT OF SURGEON J. H. BRINTON, U. S. V. 33
to the town of Corinth, twenty-live miles distant. They there fortified themselves, and awaited an attack. The possession
of this place was of vital importance to them; it was, in fact, the gate through which an invading force must pass to reduce
Memphis, and to threaten Mississippi. The town itself is situated at the juncture of the Mobile and Ohio and Memphis and
Charleston railroads, and, once occupied, the fall of Memphis would become inevitable. It was, in fact, as stated by Beauregard,
in his report of the battle of Shiloh, the strategic point of the campaign. Its capture became the object of General Halleck's
further operations. To accomplish this end, the national army moved forward in the early part of May. The troops advanced
slowly and with great caution, throwing up breastworks tit night to guard against surprises. The headquarters were first
established at Monterey, a deserted village twelve miles distant from Pittsburgh Landing. During the succeeding two or three
days, the advance was continued until the enemy's works were approached. Fortifications were then erected, guns placed in
position, and all preparations made for a final assault. Before, however, this was undertaken, the enemy evacuated the place,
and, on the 30th of May, it was occupied by the national troops. During the time consumed by the advance from Pittsburgh
Landing towards Corinth, every efl'ort had been used to prepare suitable accommodations for the wounded of the anticipated
battle. By the directions of the General commanding, and under the supervision of the chief medical director, vast field
hospitals were established for each separate army. These hospitals were composed of hospital, wall, and Sibley tents. Where
these could not be procured, resort was had to tarpaulins stretched on poles. These latter answered admirably, and were used,
to a large extent, by Surgeon Maylert, U. S. Volunteers, in charge of the general hospital of the army of the Ohio.
The hospital of the army of the Mississippi was under the charge of Brigade Surgeon O. M. Bryan U. S. V. The
largest of these tent hospitals was located at Monterey, five miles in the rear of Corinth. This hospital was composed of several
hundred tents, situated on the slopes of two hills, in the vicinity of a running stream. It was under the charge of Brigade
Surgeon N. R. Derby. One object in the establishment of these field hospitals was, not only to provide for the reception of future
wounded, but also to furnish accommodation for the numerous sick of the command. The number of the latter was, at this
time, very large, amounting to thousands. The medical director, in his report of May, 1862, computes the number sent at that
time from Pittsburgh Landing to be not less than eleven thousand. It was desirable to check this exodus of troops; for it had
been found that, of the vast numbers who left, but few returned. This pernicious custom of leaving the command on the plea of
sickness was becoming too prevalent, and had been much encouraged by the presence of boats fitted out by governors of states
and by volunteer commissions. When it was once understood by any command that a boat from their own state lay at the
Landing for the reception of the state's sick, it was found impossible to prevent the flocking on board of many whose only com
plaint was nostalgia. The really sick were left behind, and the convalescent, and often the malingerer, was sent away. When,
however, the large hospitals had been once established, these difficulties were remedied. The sick from the regiments were at
once received into general hospital, and, when perfectly convalescent, they were returned to duty. In this manner, many men
were preserved to the army who otherwise would have been lost. The town of Corinth was evacuated by the enemy about the
1st of June. The headquarters of the army were then moved to that place. About the 10th of June, the army of the Ohio,
Wilder the command of Major General Buell, received orders to march towards East Tennessee, by way of Florence, Alabama.
Surgeon R. Murray, U. S. Army, accompanied this force as medical director. The occupation of Corinth, the strategic centre of
the Tennessee campaign, having been effected by the national army, the enemy fell back in the direction of Okolona, Mississippi,
and there massed his forces. The surrender of Memphis rapidly followed. The position of the command of General Halleck
at Corinth, on the line of the Memphis and Charleston railroad, completely cut off the railroad communication of Memphis with
the forces at Okolona. The fall of the former city became thus a mere matter of time. Its reduction was finally effected by
the gunboat flotilla. Immediately after the surrender of Island No. 10, the enemy collected his forces at Fort Pillow, fifty miles
above Memphis. This fort was strongly garrisoned, and it was supposed that it could effectually check the progress of the
Federal fleet down the Mississippi. On the 8th of May the gunboats approached this position. The enemy had collected under
the guns of the fort a fleet of six vessels, four of them being rams. On the approach of the Union vessels, the Confederate fleet
came out and offered battle. After an hour's sharp contest, three of them were sunk, and the rest retired. The national gun
boats did not, however, pass the fort. On the 31st of May, synchronously with the evacuation of Corinth, Fort Pillow was
abandoned, the guns carried off, and the stores destroyed. The fort was taken possession of by the United States troops, and
the flotilla dropped down the; river towards Memphis. On the (ith of June, a severe naval conflict occurred between eight of
the enemy's gunboats and rams and the government fleet. Seven of the former were taken or sunk, and one escaped by superior
speed. The surrender of Memphis followed on ihe same day. About the 10th of June, a considerable force was posted in
Memphis under the command of Major General Grunt. The general headquarters were, however, located at Corinth, Mississippi,
and there remained until the General in command of the department was called upon to assume the command of the armies of
the United States. The health of the forces in the department of the Mississippi, during the period in which the headquarters
were established at Corinth, underwent a gradual and marked improvement. This, as appears by the report of the medical
director of the department, dated July 28th, was, to a great degree, due to the care and attention bestowed upon the sanitary
condition of the camps and hospitals; to an improved and properly prepared diet ; and, especially, to the unwearied exertions
of the medical officers of the several corps. In truth, the admirable system inaugurated by Surgeon McDougall had produced
its legitimate effect. The medical officers felt their responsibilities, and learned from him not only how to avoid, but also how
to remedy, errors which had crept into the, regimental medical administration. By orders of the director, regular inspections
of camps and hospitals were made by medical officers detailed for that purpose ; a rigid police was insisted upon, and all failures
in this respect were faithfully reported."
[Other extracts from the reports of Surgeon John II. Brinton, U. S. Volunteers, will be printed in connection with
documents relating to the operations of the medical departments of the armies in Virginia.]
34 APPENDED DOCUMENTS FORT DONELSON.
XXIX.' Third Extract from a Narrative of Services from the Commencement of the
Rebellion till July 18th, 1863. By Surgeon H. P. STEARNS, U. S. Volunteers.
* * * " One week after the capture of Fort Henry, February 10th, 1862, the forces of General Grant, in two divisions,
respectively under command of Generals McClernand and C. F. Smith, moved towards Fort Donelson. They approached and
surrounded the fort upon the second day after leaving Fort Henry, having had very little skirmishing. On Thursday, February
12th, at about 11 o'clock, General McClernand ordered three or four regiments to make a charge upon a redoubt which had
apparently been silenced by our artillery. When the regiments were within a short distance of the redoubt, the enemy suddenly
opened upon them with musketry and artillery. The troops responded, and pressed on till within a short distance of the works,
when the fire of the enemy became so severe as to cause them to fall back a short distance in some confusion. They soon rallied,
however, and ayaiu approached and held their position till ordered to retire. In this engagement, there were wounded from
two to three hundred. They were immediately conveyed to a farm-house in the rear, which had been appropriated and used as
an hospital. There were from twelve to twenty major amputations performed at this hospital. Early upon Saturday, February
15th, the enemy attacked the right of General Grant's forces, the First Division, and a very severe action was fought, which lasted
five hours. As I was engaged at the different houses used as hospitals, and in superintending the removal of some of the more
severely wounded from the field, during the engagement, I can give no detailed account of it. I herewith subjoin answers,
requested by a circular letter from the Surgeon General, in reference to the battle, and also forward a copy of my official report
to the division commander, of the battle, exceedingly regretting that some of the different points are so imperfectly filled up.
The reason of this imperfection was the impossibility of obtaining reports from regimental surgeons, as the forces were soon
after ordered to leave to proceed up the Tennessee Kiv'er. The spirit of the troops was excellent, in consequence of the recent
victory at Fort Henry. The approximate strength of the First Division was about eight thousand men. The supplies of medicine
were abundant, but hospital stores were exceedingly limited. Most of the regiments had one or two ambulances, and two or
three common wall tents to be used as hospital tents. The wrounded were conveyed to three farm-houses in the rear of the
army. The most distant was about two and a half miles from Fort Donelson. They received sufficient and kind attention from
the surgeons. There was an abundant supply of water; but the supplies of food were such as the surgeons could get from the
surrounding country. Some young beef cattle were found and killed, and soups \vere prepared for the wounded. The weather
was very cold during most of the time, and a severe snow-storm occurred, so that it was impossible to provide comfortable
quarters for the wounded. They must have suffered exceedingly, many of them. The wounded were moved upon stretchers
and ambulances to the field hospitals, and were thence sent to general hospitals at Paducah, Kentucky; St. Louis, Missouri;
Evansville, Indiana, and Cincinnati, Ohio. The wounded were all removed, during the five days succeeding the surrender of
the fort, by steamers. Amputations and exsections of bones were performed at the field hospitals. There were but few amputa
tions upon the field. More were performed on the hospital steamers. The anaesthetic employed was chloroform. No deaths
from its use were reported. The approximate number of wounded was eleven hundred."
[Surgeon Stearns then encloses a copy of his report to General J. A. McClernand, commanding the First Division of the
Army of the Tennessee. The following extracts are taken from this document :]
" On the morning of February llth, 1862, information received from you, General, induced me to direct the chief
medical officers of the different brigades of the First Division to see that ambulances, stretchers, medicines, and supplies should
at once be put in condition for march and battle. The men unable to march were ordered to be provided for at Fort Henry.
These directions were carried out. On the evening of the llth, three brigades moved forward about four miles from Fort Henry.
On the morning of the 12th, the enemy's pickets were driven in by our skirmishers, and, about this point, I designated a farm
house as a hospital for the wounded of your division. This hospital was used by the wounded of our forces on the 13th, in the
assault on the enemy's redoubt No. 2. It was in charge of Surgeon H. Wardner, U. S. V., and his assistants. As our right
wing advanced, other farm-houses came within our lines and were appropriated as hospitals. Surgeon C. Goodbrake, 20th
Illinois, and Surgeon Phipps, 8th Illinois, were placed in charge of two of these hospitals. Here, nearly all of the wounded in
the assault of February 15th and 16th were cared for, until they could be removed in steamers designated by the medical director
for their reception. My personal attention was divided between these three hospitals, and I am happy to testify that the medical
officers were efficient in their duties. It has been my intention to report fully upon the eight following points ; but, after awaiting
reports from regimental surgeons for several days, I am compelled to submit a very imperfect statement: 1, mean strength of
regiments on leaving Fort Henry; 2, number of ambulances and stretchers ; 3, supply of blankets and rations; 4, number of
cases of frost-bite ; 5, number of killed, wounded, and missing in action ; 6, nature and results of wounds ; 7, number and
character of amputations ; 8, mean strength of regiments five days after the battle. In the First Brigade, the strength, on
leaving P^ort Henry, was: for the 8th Illinois volunteers, 751 rank and file; for the 18th Illinois, 671; 29th Illinois, 542;
30th Illinois, 568; 31st Illinois, 598. In the Second Brigade, the numbers were: llth Illinois, 579; 20th Illinois. 758; 48th
tlhnois, 512 ; 45th Illinois, 615. In the Third Brigade, the 17th Illinois numbered 750 ; 49th Illinois, 645. The strength of
the 58th Ohio was not reported. The First Brigade had six ambulances and eight stretchers ; the Second Brigade, five
ambulances and five stretchers. The Third Brigade reported one stretcher, and made no report on ambulances. The First
s suffered from the want of blankets and rations for thirty-six hours ; the Second Brigade was without blankets, rations,
knapsacks for thirty hours. The Third Brigade was, during part of the march, destitute of blankets, rations, and overcoats.
, Brigade, 144 cases of frost-bite were reported; in the Second, 23 by name, and a large number not designated by
cnption ; in the Third, only two cases were reported. The killed in the First Brigade numbered 181 ; the wounded,
ssing. 47. In the Second Brigade, the numbers were: killed, 95; wounded, 398; missing, 34. In the Third
ailed ; 116 wounded ; 15 missing. The aggregate loss of the Division was 1,491. The position and nature of the
•e not fully reported. Those regiments furnishing reports supplied the following figures : gunshot wounds of the
:aa, ob ; wounds of chest, 33 ; wounds of abdomen, 14 ; wounds of pelvis, 13 ; wounds of upper extremity, 61 ; wounds of
REPORTS OF MEDICAL OFFICERS. 35
lower extremity, 30. But these reports are very imperfect. Except that the 31st Illinois reported four amputations, no return
of operations was made by the regimental surgeons. Only three regiments made a report of their mean strength after the battle.
These were the 8th Illinois, which reported 520 rank and file, and the 30th and 31st Illinois, which reported, respectively, 534
and 569."
XXX. Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Third Division of the
Army of the Ohio at the attack on fort Donelson. By Surgeon T. W. FRY, U. S. Y.
* "I take great pleasure in bearing testimony to the faithfulness with which the surgeons of this Division of the
army performed their duties. They followed their regiments into the midst of danger, and exposed their lives to aid the
wounded. ' Several surgeons were exposed to a terrible fire, having been ordered to follow their men into the line of
battle. ; On the morning of February 15th, during most of the forenoon, I was engaged at the hospital, in a narrow
valley, on the extreme right, where the wounded from General McClernand's Division were crowding in. * The enemy's
fire was presently directed on the hospital. ; ' Officers of the rebel army have informed me that this fire was accidental,
and ceased the moment the hospital flag was seen. About noon, on February 15th, I established a hospital on the extreme left,
at the headquarters of General Grant, who generously offered them for that purpose. * * By dint of perseverance, a
sufficiency of food was secured from regimental quartermasters. * * There were three amputations above the knee, and a
number of minor amputations, extractions of ball, and dressings of lacerated wounds at the hospital last mentioned." * * *
XXX I. Extract from a Report of his Services in the Fort Donelson Campaign. By Surgeon
J. G. KEENON, U. S. Volunteers.
"I repaired to Major General W. T. Sherman, at Louisville, Kentucky, and was ordered to report to General
T. L4 Crittenden, at Calhoun. ' General Crittenden was then in command of about seven thousand men, freshly recruited.
Measles and diarrhoea were particularly prevalent, and, in many cases, proved fatal, in consequence of the extremely wet
weather and impurity of the water. ' After the capture of Fort Henry, the 13th Brigade of the Army of the Ohio was
ordered to report to General Grant. ; Colonel Charles Cruft, 31st Indiana Volunteers, commanding the brigade, received
orders to proceed to Fort Donelson. '' '' On Saturday, February 14th, the brigade of Colonel Cruft was engaged, and was sub
jected to a heavy loss in killed and wounded. The troops were in good condition, considering the inclemency of the weather and
the scarcity of provisions. They were in a heavy snow-storm on Friday night, and many suffered severely. Yet they manifested
an anxiety to meet the enemy, and right well did they indicate their zeal. The approximate strength of this brigade was two
thousand officers and men. The supply of medicines and hospital stores was not wanting in any of the essential articles
requisite for the care of the sick and wounded. There was a fair supply of ambulances. ' ' No hospital tents. * The
wounded were taken to houses in the vicinity of the battlefield, and cared for until removed to steam hospital transports, and
transferred to northern hospitals. ' The fire to which the brigade was exposed was from musketry and artillery, and was
severe. Many primary operations were performed. Chloroform was the anaesthetic employed universally, and in no case Were
any bad results observed from its administration."
XXXII. Extract from a Report of Medical Operations i?i the Second Brigade of the first
Division of t/ie A rmy of the Tennessee, in the attack on fort Donelson. By Surgeon C.
GOODBRAKE, 20th Illinois Volunteers.
"On February 14th, 1802, I was with my regiment. On the 15th, I took possession of the house of Mrs.
Rollins for hospital purposes. The wounded soon began to arrive, and we had between one hundred and fifty and two
hundred brought to our hospital. It was a well chosen place, a large double house, with several outhouses, and a large shed,
which sheltered many. We provided an abundance of excellent soup from veal and poultry which we found on the premises.
An excellent spring supplied us plentifully with water. I performed many minor operations, such as cutting out bullets and
buckshot. I performed one amputation of the thigh and three of the arm. The second brigade was poorly supplied
with hospital tents. The llth Illinois had one regulation hospital tent and two small ones, and one ambulance wagon; the 18th
Illinois had one hospital tent, one Fremont tent, and one broken ambulance; the 2(lth Illinois had three hospital tents and two
ambulances, and a full supply of medicines and hospital stores; the 45th Illinois had, also, three hospital tents and two
ambulances."
X XXII I. Report of the Regiments constituting the Garrison at fort Donelson, February, 1862.
[This statement <>f the killed, wounded, missing, and prisoners, in the engagements of February 12th. 13th, 14th, and
15th, 1SC2. at Fort Donelson, Stewart County, Tennessee, was forwarded to the Surgeon General's Office on March 13th. 18(>G,
by Surgeon 11. Z. (Jill, I'. S. V., with the following endorsement:]
'• This is an exact copy of a report, in my possession, made by Major Johnson, 1st Mississippi regiment. I procured the
report at tin- house of. Dr. .Jeter, the father-in-law of Major Johnson, in the spring of IrilM, and believe it to be correct. There
is a remarkable item in it. In the 4th Mississippi regiment, there were forty killed and but thirty-eight wounded. The only
instance of the kind I have known.''
36
APPENDED DOCUMENTS FORT DONELSON.
Regiment.
Commander.
Engaged,
Wounded, Killed,
Surrendered-
558
700
615
730
557
301
552
465
270
351
547
185
382
500
290
300
270
279
267
600
550
554
484
334
Missing and
Escaped,
Colonel Brown
650
750
685
751
586
400
. 575
498
291
372
650
200
420
618
350
385
304
280
352
624
665
658
562
443
350
280
76
5
40
10
25
85
1
9
11
14
6
12
1
4
9
3
11
2
2
1
7
2
4
44
26
2
1
3
20
22
9
Colonel Ileiman
Colonel Palmer
Colonel Head
Colonel Cook. ...- - -
Colonel Lillard
Colonel Farquharson . -
Colonel Quarles
Colonel Voorhies
Colonel Bailey. ---
Colonel Sugg
95
15
10
48
Colonel Browder
Colonel Abernethy
20
57
41
34
23
1
66
19
38
84
59
71
8
13
' 19
20
11
Colonel Hanson
Colonel Burnett ...
Colonel Gregg
31
Colonel Gee ...
Twent seventh Alabama
19
5
40
17
19
12
Fourth Mississippi
Colonel Drake
27
3
Fourteentli Mississippi.
Colonel Baldwin
Colonel Russell
Twenty-sixth Mississippi
Colonel Reynolds
28
350
280
324
225
Fiftieth Virginia
400
275
270
60
15
600
340
100
116
113
70
76
54
58
68
45
8
5
Fifty-first Virginia
Battalion Tennessee Infantry
270
60
14
100
303
60
110
90
50
40
Battalion Tennessee Infantry
Company of Tennessee Infantry
Battalion Tennessee Cavalry
Captain Milton
J
15
5
9
2
4
4
1
Lieutenant Colonel Forrest.
Lieutenant Colonel Gantt ..
Captain Maney
8
I
5
2
7
477
31
26
2
12
16
35
54
58
Battalion Ninth Tennessee Cavalry .
Company of Tennessee Artillery. . .
Company of Tennessee Artillery. ..
Company of Tennessee Artillery
Company of Kentucky Artillery
Company of Kentucky Artillery. ..
Company of Virginia Artillery
Company of Virginia Artillery
Captain Ross.
Captain Porter
Captain Graves
Captain Green
Captain Jackson
Captain Guy
SUMMARY.
State,
Engaged,
Wounded,
Killed.
Surrendered.
Missing and
Escaped.
Tennessee
8 449
'ns
85
7 290
799
Kentucky
1 114
103
32
880
99
Texas
385
34
9ft
300
31
Arkansas
QfU
OQ
270
Alabama
280
1
279
Mississippi
3 '504
337
2 789
66
Virginia
1,417
113
13
1,291
Total
15, 246
949
273
11,738
2,286
EEPORTS OF MEDICAL OFFICERS. 37
XXXIV". Extract from a Report relative to the Wounded on the Hospital Transport
Gladiator, after the Battle of Fort Donelson. By Surgeon D. A. Dow, 4th Illinois
Cavalry.
* * * "On the evening of February 15th, 1862, the wounded began to come on board the transport without any
medical officer to care for them. * I observed that some limbs had been too tightly bandaged, and were greatly swollen in
consequence. * * After the surrender, on Sunday, I visited the vicinity of the fort, where many of the wounded were still
lying near the rebel works. I administered temporarily to their wants, and procured ambulances, and superintended their
removal to the hospitals at Dover."
XXXV. Extract from a Report on the Wounded of the Eleventh Illinois Infantry in the
Assault on Fort Donelson. By Surgeon OWEN M. LONG, llth Illinois Volunteers.
" I enclose a list of killed and wounded of this regiment at the action of February 15th. ; The wounded
are so scattered about the field hospitals as to be beyond my immediate supervision, and I am unable to transmit a classification
of their wounds. There were amputations and other operations at the field hospital, but only four major amputations came under
my observation. One was at the lower third of the thigh for a fracture of the head of the tibia, another, at the lower third of
the arm for a wound through the elbow joint, the others were of the forearm. Many smaller operations, such as finger and toe
amputations and extractions of balls were made, but are scarcely worth particularizing. : I understand that five of our
wounded have died since they left for the several base hospitals to which they were removed."
XXXVI. Iteport of tJie Operations of the Medical Department of the Army of the Ohio,
during and after the Battle of Shiloh, Tennessee, on April Qth and^t/i, 1862. By Surgeon
ROBERT MURRAY, U. S. A., Medical Director of the Army of the Ohio.
"SiR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the medical department during and after the
battle of the 6th and 7th instant:
"On the morning of the 6th, I was at Savannah, and being ordered to remain there, I occupied myself in procuring all
the hospital accommodations available in that small village, and in directing the preparation of bunks and other conveniences for
wounded. In the afternoon, the wounded were brought down in large numbers, and I then superintended their removal to
hospitals, and did all in my power to provide for their comfort. One of our Divisions, that of General Nelson, reached
Savannah on Saturday evening. This was ordered to march to a point on the Tennessee River, opposite Pittsburgh Landing,
at noon on Sunday. This was done over a bad road, leading through swamps and low marshes, through which it was
impossible to take wagons or ambulances. Three of the Divisions were close behind; but, owing to recent heavy rains, their
trains and ambulances could not be brought up. These were ordered to move on as rapidly as possible, to be sent up to the
scene of action on transports, which were sent down from Pittsburgh Landing on Sunday evening and Monday morning. As our
medical and hospital supplies were thus, necessarily, left behind, I ordered the surgeons to take with them their instruments,
hospital knapsacks filled, and such stimulants and important medicines as could be carried on horseback. I left Savannah by
the first boat on Monday morning, and arrived at Pittsburgh Landing at 10 A. M. I found the main depot for the wounded
established at a small log house near the .river, about half a mile from the line of battle at the commencement of Monday
morning's engagement, and a little over a mile from our lines at that time. The wounded were being brought in very rapidly
and in large numbers. I found Brigade Surgeon Goldsmith, under directions from Brigade Surgeon Hewit, endeavoring to
provide sufficient accommodations for them. This was a matter of great difficulty, for, as our army advanced, not only the
wounded of that day, but those of the day before, both of our own army and the Confederates, were found on the field and were
transported to the rear by hundreds. The only house in the neighborhood was a log hut, fifteen by thirty feet, and the few
tents which had been pitched were already filled. We sought General Grant, and obtained his order to press into our service
any men that could be found, and to take possession of any tents that we could find and have them pitched. Leaving Brigade
Surgeon Goldsmith to perform this duty, I rode to the front and reported to General Buell. After remaining with him a short
time, I rode around our lines to ascertain that there were a sufficient number of surgeons in position to give immediate care to
the most severely wounded, and then returned to the principal depot. Most of the wounded were at once transferred to that
point, and I ordered all the surgeons that could be spared from the front on duty there. Brigade Surgeon Hewit, medical
director of General Grant's army, was then in the field in front, and I was unable to find him. The thick woods and under
growth in every part of the field rendered it difficult and almost impossible to ascertain definitely the position of any of the
troops. During the remainder of the day and night of Monday, I was occupied in providing sufficient accommodations for the
the wounded, in distributing surgeons to the different depots established in tents pitched on the hills bordering the river, and in
dressing and in administering stimulants, or restoratives, to the most urgent cases.
Early the next morning, Brigade Surgeon Hewit reported to me, and requested me to take the general management of the
medical department of the two armies. General Grant having informed ine that this was his wish, I did so; but. with the
exception of directing the fitting up of the steamboats, which were turned over to me tor the purpose of transporting wound. -d.
I depended on Surgeon Hewit for the management of details. He was better known by the officers of the issuing departments,
and by the men. and was more familiar with the resources at hand. His untiring exertions and persevering efforts to provide
all possible comforts for the wounded had won my highest commendation. Many of the wounded had been put on board th •
gg APPENDED DOCUMENTS — SHILOH.
quartermaster and commissary storeships at the Landing, and, in the confusion, numbers had found their way, or had been
carried without authority on 'board small steamers, and it was no easy task to find out all these and to provide for them
medical attendance, food, and nursing.
The hospital boat Citv of Memphis, after taking two loads of wounded to Savannah, was sent off with seven hundred
more to Mound Citv. The Minnehaha, Commodore Perry, John J. Roe, War Eagle, Crescent City, and Hiawatha were turned
over to us on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday. They were fitted up as well and rapidly as possible, filled to their utmost
capacity with wounded, and sent to the general hospitals at St. Louis, Evansville, Louisville, New Albany, and Cincinnati-
About the latter part of the week, Surgeon J. Simons, U. S. A., arrived, and I relinquished to him the duties of medical director.
About the same time, the hospital boats D. A. January, Louisiana, Empress, and Imperial arrived, and, also, several boats fitted
up by state or local sanitary commissions from different cities, and one under the direction of the United States sanitary
commission. I regret exceedingly that we had not enough boats under the entire control of the Government to transport all
our wounded; for, owing to the unhealthfulness of this location and the absence of all hospital accommodations, this transporta
tion was unfortunately necessary. Some of the volunteer boats, especially the one under the control of the United States
sanitary commission and the one from Louisville, gave us most satisfactory assistance, taking, with equal readiness, the sick and
wounded, both National and Confederate. But those fitted out by governors of states and by some of the local sanitary
committees caused much irregularity. They sought eagerly for wounded from their own states, received very reluctantly, or
declined to receive, wounded from other states or Confederate wounded, no matter how uncomfortable they were on shore.
Notice would be sent to regiments that a boat was at the Landing ready to receive and take to their homes the wounded or
sick of a particular state. This, of course, would bring down many who were not sufficiently sick to be sent to hospital, or
who were very slightly wounded, and many of this class succeeded in getting off without detection. Even were none carried
away but proper hospital cases, much irregularity and unnecessary cost to the Government will arise from this system. The
wounded are not left by the state authorities at regularly established military hospitals, but are, in most instances, put in private
hospitals or houses at a much greater cost to the Government, and are separated entirely from the army, probably never to
return to duty. I fear, too, that many unnecessary operations are performed by the amateur surgeons on board these boats.
The whole affair was most unsatisfactory to me. Our army was hurried up to take part in a terrific battle, leaving all
the tents, bedding, ambulances, and medical supplies behind. I arrived when the second day's fight was half over, and found
some five or six thousand wounded to be provided for, with, literally, no accommodations or comforts, not even the necessaries
of life, no bedding, no cooking utensils, or table furniture, not even cups, spoons, or plates, or knives and forks, no vegetables,
nor even fresh beef for the first day. It was raining incessantly, and the mud was very deep; it was impossible to obtain tents
enough to shelter the wounded, or straw for them to lie upon. The battle was raging a mile and a half in front, and, for two
days after the fight, all the effective and well organized soldiers were held in readiness for another conflict. The only details of
men procured to act as police for the hospital depots, and as nurses, cooks, and attendants, were from the panic-stricken mob
who had sought safety on the banks of the river, and, these men, it was impossible to keep at work. There was some hay on
board vessels at the Landing, but the roads and banks were blocked up with teams, some mired in the deep mud, others
hurrying on with provisions, ammunition, etc., for the troops in the advance. We could not get teams, and not men enough to
carry hay to the tents, except in very insufficient quantities. We were, also, very short of medical officers; the whole command
averaged little over one to a regiment. Much of the time of the few we had was occupied in procuring food and attendants for
the wounded, and even in pressing in details of men to bury the dead, who were left for days nnburied about the hospital
depots. Many of the wounded were not even dressed before they were sent off. I placed an experienced surgeon, with
assistants, on each of the boats sent under my orders, and the necessary operations and dressings were performed in transit to
general hospitals. By the sad experience of this battle, I am confirmed in the opinion of the absolute necessity of the addition
to the medical department of a sufficient corps of medical purveyors, who, in addition to furnishing medical supplies, shall act
as quartermasters and commissaries to the medical department in furnishing quarters, transportation, furniture, provisions, etc.,
for the sick and wounded. And, also, that there should be a large number of enlisted hospital attendants attached to the medical
department. They should have no other duty but to nurse and attend on the sick, should have a distinctive uniform, and be
thoroughly instructed in their duties. This would obviate much of the confusion and difficulty in providing for the wounded
after a battle, and the enlisted attendants having, as part of their duty, to remove the wounded from the field, the great evil
of half a dozen men leaving the ranks to remove even one slightly wounded man would be avoided..
^ I enclose a list of the number of killed and wounded from each regiment, brigade, and division of the Army of the Ohio,
showing a total in the three divisions of our army which were engaged of two hundred and thirty-six killed, and one thousand
seven hundred and twenty-eight wounded. The number of killed, wounded, and missing in General Grant's army is, I am
informed, very large; nearly eight thousand. I think that his loss in killed and wounded was about three times as great as
, and that the whole loss is nearly twelve thousand. A large proportion of the wounds were in the lower extremities. Most
tilled were shot through the head or abdomen. No instance was reported to me of death from hamiorrhage, and but one
e bleeding from a large artery. The arm was taken off at the shoulder joint in many instances, and a large number of
resections of portions of the bones of the arm, and some excisions of the shoulder and elbow joints, were made. It was unfor
tunate that we were obliged to send off our patients a day or two after the operations were ' performed, making it difficult to
trace the cases. The subjects of the capital operations were generally doing well when delivered at hospitals. Verbal reports
e be.-n made to me that pyjcmia followed in many instances, but I have no definite information on that head. The medical
with few exceptions, active and zealous in the performance of their duties. Brigade Surgeon H. S. Hewir,
al director of General Grant's army corps, was most earnest and energetic in his efforts to provide for the wounded under
<t adverse circumstances. I have every reason to believe, from the testimony of the medical purveyor and others, that
of supplies was not owing to lack of effort on his part, but that he made urgent and repeated requisitions for large
Many of the regiments in his command had lost all their hospital tents and supplies on Sunday, they having been
•ed, with many of the surgeons, also, by the enemy. It was impossible for me to have had adequate supplies for our
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR MURRAY. 39
army. Even if our transportation could have been brought up, we would not have had an adequate outfit, as we were
restricted to one wagon to a regiment for the hospital department. Until about the time we left Nashville, I did not know our
destination. I then ordered, from Louisville, ample supplies of bedding and stores, for the Army of the Ohio. These arrived a
week after the battle, and were turned over to Surgeon McDougall for the benefit of the three armies under his medical
direction.
The division medical directors of General Buell's army, Brigade Surgeons Maylert and Goldsmith, and Assistant Surgeon
B. J. D. Irwin, U. S. A., were very efficient in performing all their duties. Brigade Surgeon Maylert has, for seven months,
been medical director of our largest Division, the Second, and, by his admirable method and tact in organization, and his
familiarity with the regulations and his duties, has brought its medical department to a most effective condition. Although quite
sick at the time of the action, he performed his duties thoroughly, and was afterwards of great assistance to me in fitting out
and organizing the boats for the reception and transportation of the wounded. Brigade Surgeon Goldsmith, also very sick at
the time, rendered invaluable service. After giving proper instructions to the surgeons of the Fifth Division, in the field, he
was of great assistance in establishing the main depots for the wounded, and his services were afterwards of the utmost
benefit, not only in directing the most important operations on board the boats, but, also, in preventing the too indiscriminate use
of the knife. Assistant Surgeon Irwin deservts very great credit for his admirable management on the field, as well as for bis
promptness and professional skill in the care of the wounded. He found a house on the left of the field, where his Division was
engaged, and, by securing tents from the neighboring camps, and collecting camp furniture, he succeeeded in organizing and
putting in good working order a hospital for three hundred patients, partly of the wounded of his own command, partly of
those of General Grant's army, who were wounded in that part of the field on Sunday, and partly of Confederate wounded.
These were so well taken care of in every way, that I designated them as the last to send on board of the boats. Surgeon Irwin
speaks in high terms of Surgeon Menzies, 1st Kentucky, Surgeon Griffiths, 2d Kentucky, Surgeon Welch, 20th Kentucky, and
others, who assisted him. Brigade Surgeon S. W. Gross was put in charge of the principal depot for the wounded. He
worked zealously day and night for three days, and, by his surgical dexterity and his excellent management, rendered the
greatest service. He was ably assisted by Brigade Surgeons Bradford and Johnson, and several regimental surgeons. Brigade
Surgeon N. Gay, and Surgeon Sherman, 9th Indiana, in charge temporarily of another depot, and Surgeon L. D. Waterman,
"i9th Indiana, who worked incessantly, night and day, with the wounded at another large depot, all rendered most valuable
services. Surgeon Stephens. Gth Ohio, who had charge of the first depot at the log house, was conspicuous for his skill and his
steadiness at his post. For four days and nights lit- could be seen at his work at all hours ; and, during this time, he scarcely ate
or slept. Assistant Surgeon D. Bache, U. S. A., attached to Ten-ill's battery, performed his duty faithfully and well. He
not only attended to the wounded of his own battery, but to nearly one hundred Confederates, whom he picked up in the
neighborhood of his camp.
The urgent necessity for my presence at the principal depots made my stay on the field short, and I had little oppor
tunity of seeing how the regimental medical officers performed their duties; they are spoken of, however, in high terms by the
medical directors and regimental commanders.
Nearly one thousand of the Confederate wounded fell into our hands, and I am happy to say that our medical officers
and men showed them the same attention that they did our own ; indeed, the men were mure ready to nurse and to attend to
the wants of the wounded of the enemy than to our own men. I regret to say, that they showed the utmost apathy and
indifference to the sufferings of their fellow soldiers, and were, with difficulty, forced into doing them any service, while their
curiosity and wish to converse with the wounded Confederates, in some measure, overcame their inertness.
As the enemy advanced on Sunday, they took charge of many of our wounded, and some were sent back to hospitals
near Corinth, and have only recently been recovered. They all testify to the kind treatment which they had received from
the surgeons and men on the other side.
But one instance of mutilation was reported to me. A Confederate soldier was found with his throat cut; but, as one of
our colonels claims to have taken a battery, and to have cut off the head of a gunner with a knife which he wrested from
another rebel, this was perhaps the man. Our dead were buried by our own men, as were also the dead of the enemy, and I
have heard of no instance of mutilated bodies being found. Two of the Divisions of our army, the first and sixth, did not
arrive until after the battle. Brigade Surgeons Mussey and Smith, chief medical officers, and the surgeons under them, gave
valuable assistance in operating and dressing the wounded, particularly of the enemy. Brigade Surgeon D. P. Smith was put
in charge of the Crescent City, and was sent to St.- Louis with a number of badly wounded men. Among other important
operations on the trip, he amputated at the hip joint. The patient did not lose four ounces of blood, and, when left at St.
Louis, was doing well, his condition having improved after the operation.*
It is remarkable that the conical balls extracted, both from our own wounded and the Confederates, were, in almost every
instance, bent and twisted, and, in some cases, split. They must be made of softer material than the European minie balls; or,
probably, the difference may be owing to ours being molded and not pressed.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. MURRAY, Suryeon U. S. A.,
Medical Director of the District of the Ohio.
To Surgeon R. C. WOOD, U. S. A., Acting Surf/eon General,
Washington, I). C.
* SlCi: CASK xxiii, p. 34. Circular No. 7, S. G. O. 1«G7
^Q APPENDED DOCUMENTS SHILOH.
XXXVII. Extracts from Letter* to the Surgeon General, relative to the Operations of the
Medical Department subsequent to the Battle of Shiloh. By Surgeon CHARLES McDouoALL,
U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Army of the Tennessee.
* * * '-On beiii" assigned to duty on April 28th, 1862, as medical director of the armies of the Tennessee, I found the
purveying store-houses almost destitute of hospital supplies, especially of bedding, so much needed, and without which we were
helpless in providing for the comfort of the sick. My embarrassment was great, when orders were issued to establish a conva
lescent hospital at Hamburgh, four miles above Pittsburgh Landing, with sixty-five hospital tents, two hundred bedsacks, and
two hundred and forty cots. Before the medical officers and attendants arrived at Hamburgh, the sick were pouring in from
all quarters, and the hospital boats on the river were fast filling up. Orders had been given for a forward movement. For
five days, from morning until night, the unfortunate sick were thrown on the bank of the river, in parties of from two to fifty,
and. in most instances, without any report in their cases, other than that they were sick. Three or four assistants and myself
wen- engaged during the five days in attentions to them, and distributing them to the floating and convalescent hospitals. Two
thousand were sent oft' to hospitals in Missouri, Indiana, Kentucky, and Ohio, and two thousand five hundred, to the convalescent
hospital at Hamburgh. Half of the latter were without shelter, for want of tents. The imperfect arrangements of
the medical department, the insufficiency of supplies, the want of attention to the regulations, on the part of medical officers,
and the deplorable state of the sick will perhaps account for this state of affairs. I have earnestly endeavored to rectify this
condition of things, and believe that in a few weeks our department will be in an improved condition. AVithin the last six days,
about three thousand sick and wounded have been sent to the different hospitals in the western country. A convalescent hospital
has been established at Hamburgh, where there are about three thousand men, and about two thousand are yet to be sent off.
We have two small-pox hospitals, with about thirty cases in each; and I am gratified in stating that this infectious disease is on
the decrease. From careful inquiry, I find that at least one-half of the sick are cases of chronic diarrhoea, which should have
been discharged for disability or sent to general hospitals. The great majority of such cases cannot get well in camp or in this
climate. Remaining in the immediate proximity of the army, such patients only retard its operations, and divert the services of the
r>!<nniental surgeons and assistant surgeons from their special duties in the field. * * The medical supplies from the several
points indicated by your letter here have mostly arrived. The purveying department can now meet any exigency. Had we tents
and cuts, the sick and wounded could be made as comfortable as is possible in the field. The reports required from the prin
cipal medical officers of the number of brigade, regimental, and assistant regimental surgeons have not been received, and
reports of the number of ambulances, hospital tents, and litters have also been neglected. This may be owing to the confusion
consequent upon an advance. The arrangements by the several medical directors for an impending battle have been judicious,
and I am indebted to their experience arid aid in making the details for field and hospitals. The three senior brigade surgeons
of tlie convalescent hospital at Hamburgh were constituted a board to examine and report upon such cases as were proper
subjects for transfer to distant hospitals. The medical officers at Pittsburgh post performed the same service. Deeming it
better that this should be a special duty, and connected with inspections of the sanitary conditions of the camps and hospitals,
Surgeon W. R. Thrall, 27th Ohio, has been assigned thereto as acting medical inspector. He has just returned from Memphis,
Tennessee, as a paroled prisoner, taken in the skirmish of the 8th. From approximative estimates, nearly eleven thousand
have already been sent off. The number diminishes daily. I believe the health of the army improves as it recedes from the
Tennessee River. My recommendation to establish hospitals in the rear of the several armies has been approved, and is now
being carried into effect. The centre hospital will be the largest of the three. This arrangement will prevent the ill consequences
ensuing from the hauling of sick in wagons long distances over rough roads. The many deaths occurring on the bank of this
river after the advance, were mostly confined to the sick affected with typhoid fever. Orders have been given that no fever
patients should be moved until after convalescence."
XXXVIII. Extract from a Narrative of his Service in the Medical Staff. By Surgeon N. 11.
DERBY, U. S. Volunteers.
"In obedience to tin order from the War Department, dated September 4th, 1861, I reported for duty to Major
General Hunter, at Rolla, Missouri. Being directed, September 23d, to open a general hospital at that place, I took possession
of an unfinished court-house, designing to have it put in complete repair for hospital purposes; but a general movement of the
different commands, the day following, threw a large number of sick upon my hands, for whose comfort no adequate provision
had been made. Everything had to be extemporized, and that from the rudest materials. The building consisted simply of
four bare walls, with no outbuildings of any kind. The medicines and hospital stores required for immediate use had not
arrived from St. Louis. The departing regiments took with them their medical officers and hospital attendants, leaving simply
;ith which the court-house was immediately filled. To accommodate all, it was found necessary to take possession of
some dwelling houses in the place. The physical and mental labor necessary to make this large body of sick at all comfortable
• the circumstances, brought on, in less than a month, an attack of low continued fever, from which I did not recover, so
,s to be again fit for duty, until the last of January, lri6L>, when an order from Major General llalleck gave me charge of the
Hospital of the Sisters of Charity at St. Louis, and an order from the same headquarters, dated February 6th, 1863, assigned
me to the additional duty of acting on the arrny medical board for the examination of volunteer surgeons. In March following,
lered to report to Major General Grant, then at Savannah, on the Tennessee River. Finding Colonel Sweeny's
fFering very much from sickness, and entirely without medical officers, by- consent of the medical director, I served
e regiment as volunteer for a few days, until their medical officers arrived. On April 2d, I was detailed on the hospital
Lity of Memphis, and, in this capacity, passed through the battles of the 6th and 7th of April. With the assistance of
Positions «/ Maj.GentCLmnl-s Fot-ff*, Mfirning A'pri
and. the D<vifion»
Gen1.? kelson .wirf Cj-ittejtden , £ 'vexing April fffc
Position* of My. Gen^r Gj-nnt **,#. £tmU,Mai-nir>JAf>r.
£venisijf April] !*
MAP
BATTLEFIELD OF SHILOH
'i ' f'"f- of the £n
REPORT OF SURGEON N. R. DERBY, U. S. V. 41
a corps of surgeons, I took charge of, and cared for, over fifteen hundred of the wounded from the bloody field of Shiloh.
Meat of these cases needed operations of some character, and several of a formidable nature. The wounds were altogether
from musket balls, cannon shot, and shell fragments. The majority were from conoidal musket balls, the next most numerous
were from round musket balls, and there were a few from buckshot. On April 6th, the steamer City of Memphis was lying at
Pittsburgh Landing. Early on that morning, firing was heard. At ten, the wounded began to arrive from the field in
ambulances. By four, several hundred had been received, which crowded the boat very much ; and shells from the enemy's
riirht beginning to fall in the water near by, the hospital transport was ordered to proceed to Savannah, seven miles below, and
to leave the wounded at the general hospital at that place. The remainder of the afternoon and the following night wus
consumed in debarking the men. As early as possible on the 7th, the boat was again at Pittsburgh, receiving the wounded.
During the 7th and 8th, over eight hundred were placed on board. They were all brought to the Landing in ambulances or on
litters, and were of a more serious class of wounded than those received on the first day of the battle. The lighter cases were
retained with the commands ; all the grave cases being sent direct from the field to the Landing. Large numbers of those
received during the 7th and 8th had been wounded on the 6th, and had lain on the field held by the enemy since the morning
of that day. A large proportion of these patients had been wounded in the lower extremities; many of them by shells or
cannon balls; the latter, in three instances, making a complete amputation of the thigh. Most of the regimental surgeons had
remained with their commands. Many of the medical attendants doing duty on the hospital steamer during these three days
were volunteers, and, as they had come down to operate, and were greatly desirous of doing so, I found it necessary to dedicate
some portion of my time to the preservation of limbs that were about to be unnecessarily placed under the knife. I desire
here to mention the great relief I experienced when, on the afternoon of the second day of the battle, Surgeon H. Wardner,
U. S. V., reported, with an assistant, and desired to be put to work. Knowing that in his case there was no need of any
supervision, I placed him upon the hurricane deck, where four hospital tents had been pitched, and sent up fifty wounded,
most of them needing capital operations. The hurricane deck, the ciibin, the guards, the boiler deck, and the hold were
crowded with the wounded." The boat was loaded and ready to start on the evening of the 8th, when she proceeded to Mound
City, Illinois, and delivered the patients at the general hospital in that place. Primary operations had not been performed upon
any of these patients. Many of them reached the boat without having seen a surgeon; upon others, where the haemorrhage
was profuse, a temporary bandage had been placed. In two cases where the thigh had been carried away by cannon balls, the
men were upon the field for man}' hours before they were found, and then reached the boat in the same condition in which they
fell. The sh:>ck; the torn condition of the arteries, and the cold rain and night exposure had prevented much haemorrhage.
The constant arrival of the wounded, demanding as constant attention from every medical officer present, entirely prevented
making any proper register of cases. All the wounded were brought from the field to the Landing, and, after the hospital boat
was filled, they were placed as rapidly as possible on board the Government transports, until these were crowded to their
utmost capacity. Tents were pitched upon the bank, and hundreds of the wounded were cared for in these, and awaited the
coming of boats from below. Many of the wounded were exposed to the cold rain of Sunday and Monday nights. No
systematic arrangement had been made to supply them with soup or food of any kind, and they suffered much on this account.
No excisions were performed on the boat, and I know of none having been performed on the field. Amputations were
abundant; and, as usual in very many cases in the upper extremities, entirely unnecessary. I form this judgment after
examining very many arms lying outside the tents on the Landing. Cbloroform was used to produce anaesthesia, and I
observed no ill effects from its use. Returning from the transfer of the wounded to the general hospital at Mound City, an
order from General Grant, dated April 2Hth, assigned me to temporary duty with the Fourth Division, of Brigadier General
Hurlbiit. This formed a part of the force about to advance on Corinth, and was composed of Iowa, Illinois, Ohio, and Indiana
troops; all in good condition for active duty. The arrival of a medical purveyor at Pittsburgh Landing enabled the regimental
medical officers to obtain full medical and hospital supplies, and voluntary aid societies promptly forwarded clothing and
comforts for the sick. * * On May 14th, ld(3'2, I was directed to report to Monterey, to establish a general field hospital for
the army before Corinth. The original design contemplated an hospital at this point sufficient for the sick of the three columns ;
but this was abandoned on account of the long distance it would compel tbose from the extreme left to travel, and an hospital
was placed in the rear of each column. Four hundred tents, three hundred and forty of the wall pattern, and sixty of the
regulation hospital size, were forwarded from the Landing, and pitched as rapidly as possible. Into this camp, while yet in its
formative stage, before suitable provision could possibly be made for their comfort, the sick from the regiments were poured in
a continual stream ; s.> that, in less than twenty days from the time the first tent was pitched, I had received one thousand four
hundred and sixteen patients, and, by the middle of June, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-two. The weather being
warm and the ground dry, the patients did not suffer much from the unavoidable exposure to which they were subjected ; for
it was found impossible, with the detail of attendants allowed, to pitch the tents as rapidly as they were filled; but the sick
suffered from the want of a sufficient number of nurses, and for suitable food. I found here, as elsewhere in the field, that when
commanders of regiments were ordered to send nurses for duty in hospitals, they selected the weak and disabled men for that
service. Of forty ordered to report to me at one time for duty at this camp, only fifteen were of any service; the rest only
added more patients to the large number already in hospital. All the country for miles around had been so thoroughly
gleaned by the armies that no delicacy in the way of food could be obtained. The sick were necessarily confined to army
rations, and a lew dried and canned fruits. Many of the sick sent to this hospital died on the way, and many reached the
camp in a moribund condition. Owing to these reasons, the mortality was large, amounting to 9.7(1 per centum. An order,
received June IHth from the department medical director, directed that men should be scut to Pittsburgh Landing and
Hamburgh for transportation to northern general hospitals, and the c-imp hospital at Monterey was gradually broken ii|>.
The army wagons and ambulances on their way to the Lauding for forage and medical supplies were used to transport
the sick." * *
42 APPENDED DOCUMENTS SIITLOH.
XXXIX. Fourth Extract from a Narrative of Services from the Commencement of the
UebdUon till July'lSth, 1863. By Surgeon II. P. STEARNS,- U. S. Volunteers.
* * * "I was only present on the field of the battle of Shiloli on the first clay. The battle commenced early in the
morninir. and the enemy soon drove our forces hack towards the river, and two temporary hospitals were abandoned. I then
gave orders that the wounded should he brought to the hank of the river. I was engaged in attendance upon the wounded at
the river during April 6th, and at night went to Savannah, Tennessee, seven miles below, by order of Surgeon H. S. He wit,
medical director, with orders to provide all hospital accommodations possihle at that place. The general condition and morale
of the First Division, under command of General McClernand, was good; its approximate strength was nine thousand.
Supplies of medicines and hospital stores were very limited. There were no hospital tents. Most of the regiments were
supplied with one ambulance, and one or two stretchers. The wounded were nearly all cared for upon the river bank, and
upon the hospital steamer City of Memphis, as fast as they could be transported. Water and food were abundant, and the
wounded were not exposed to rain or cold during the first day of the battle. During the succeeding night and day, a severe
storm occurred. * f Savannah is situated on the east bank of the Tennessee River, ten miles below Pittsburgh Landing,
on a hifh bluff. The town extends some three-quarters of a mile back from the river, and usually contains a population of
from six to eight hundred. There are two large springs of excellent water in the immediate vicinity of the village, hut the
wells contain water impregnated with iron. Upon the arrival of our troops there, in March, 1862, a number of regimental
hospitals were established, and two or three buildings were fitted up for a general hospital, by order of General C. F. Smith,
commanding. Immediately after the battle of Shiloh, some twenty of the largest public and private houses in the town were
used exclusively as hospitals. Besides these, nearly all the houses were occupied by the wounded ; not, however, to the entire
exclusion of the owners and tenants. The buildings exclusively devoted to hospital purposes contained about one thousand
beds- the other houses, some two hundred; while about six hundred were made comfortable in tents fitted up for hospital use.
Ten of the buildings were of good size and well ventilated, and a good police could be maintained without difficulty. Most of
the other buildings used were divided into small rooms, and the ventilation was miserable. The location of the tent hospital
was good. The ground was easily drained and policed. An abundance of hay and blankets were provided for these at first,
and, later, bunks and stoves. The recoveries of those placed in tents, upon the whole, were more speedy than of those in
houses; so much so, that I should recommend only large and well ventilated rooms to be used in preference to tents, in that
climate, for wounded. About eighteen hundred of those wounded in the battle of Shiloh were brought to Savannah, but the
larger portion of them were only slightly wounded. No epidemics occurred during the continuance of the hospitals. There
were a few cases of erysipelas, which yielded very readily to treatment. There were also six cases of variola, all of which
recovered. The hospitals were finally abandoned about the 20th of June."
XL. — Extract from a Narrative of Service iji the Volunteer Medical Staff, from June 21st,
1861, to July 1st, 1863. By Surgeon GEORGE H. HUBBARD, U. S. Volunteers.
"I was assigned to duty as medical director of the division commanded by General Lewis Wallace, then at
Crump's Landing, six miles below Pittsburgh Landing. This division did not reach the scene of action in season to join in the
battle of April 6th, but was actively engaged on the 7th. The moral and physical condition of the several regiments composing
this division was excellent. Arriving on the field at night, they were well rested when led to the attack the following morning.
The division had no hospital tents on or near the field, but was well supplied with ambulances, and sparingly supplied with
dressings, medicines, and hospital stores. I took possession of the tents of a regiment absent on duty, about half a mile from
Pittsburgh. Landing, and received all the wounded brought to me. Being near the main highway, wounded from all divisions
were brought in, and, in twenty-four hours, about four hundred were received and treated. The complete outfit of a regiment
which was scattered in the action of the first day was placed at my disposal, and supplied our greatest necessities. Water was
abundant, and abundant supplies of soups and hard bread were furnished on the second day. The first soup was prepared
from a sheep shot by my own hand on the battlefield, but afterward beef was abundant and of good quality. The wounded
were exposed to a severe rain the nights after each day's fight. The wounded were all brought to the hospital in
ambulances. I think a large proportion lay on the field over night, and many passed a second night before being brought
in. Most of the wounds were from the conoidal musket ball, and from long range; but there were many wounds, also, from
shells and musket balls at short range. The men were carried down the" Tennessee on transports as rapidly as possible,
and were taken to the large general hospitals on the Ohio and Mississippi, some three weeks being occupied in the
transfers. Amputations were performed on the field in all cases absolutely demanding them, the doubtful cases being
simple dressings. Chloroform was freely used without any unpleasant results. During the campaign from
tsburgh Landing to Corinth, I was director of the division commanded by General Jeff. C. Davis. This campaign was barren
especial professional interest. The few wounds received by the men on picket duty were promptly treated, and with better
than after large engagements, when delay is unavoidable. Chronic diarrhoea, the natural consequence of an inactive
Te and full diet, was the prevalent disease, and proved fatal in a large number of cases. 1 was myself a sufferer from tins
rom March to June, and became; so much debilitated that I was ordered by Surgeon Charles McDougall, U. S. A.,
medical director, to Paducah,to enlarge the hospital accommodations there, he very wisely considering it a very desirable point
r large hospitals. The marine hospital, which had been converted into barracks, was renovated and restored to its legitimate
But early in July, I was ordered to break up the hospitals, and to ship all the public property to Surgeon C. Sutherland,
dical purveyor, at Columbus, Kentucky." *
use.
me
REPORTS OF MEDICAL OFFICERS. 43
XLI. — Second Extract from a Narrative of Ids Services in the Medical Staff from October,
1861, to June, 1863. By: Surgeon J. G. KEENON, U. S. Volunteers.
* * * "Soon after the battle of Fort Donelson, I was ordered to report to General S. A. Hurlbut, U. S. V., and I
accompanied his division, numbering about seven thousand men, in tbe engagement at Sliiloh on April Gth and 7th, 1862. The
command was exposed to a hot fire from seven in the morning, till four in the afternoon, wlien it retreated under cover of the
siege guns, and the enemy fell back from the heavy fire of this battery, aided by the gunboats. * * The medical and hospital
stores of General Hurlbut' s Division were good and ample. .Many of the wounded were treated at the field stations, near the
line of battle, and were then transported in ambulances to steamboats, in which they were well cared for. There were many
primary amputations. The number of wounded was so great that all could not have primary operations. Chloroform, so far
as I am aware, was the only anaesthetic employed. The division lost about seventeen hundred in killed and wounded. The
wounds were inflicted by grape and canister, and shell fragments in some instances; but the majority were from musketry at
short range."
XLII. — Second Extract from a Narrative of Services in the Medical Staff from Jidy, 1861, to
May 28, 1863. By Surgeon DAVID P. SMITH, U. S. Volunteers.
* * " The advance of General George II. Thomas's division from Nashville to Pittsburgh Landing was unmarked
by any incident worthy of note until the noise of the first day's fight at Sliiloh reached our ears, when we were distant nearly
forty-five miles. The roads were heavy, and our large artillery train impeded our progress very much. The next day rain
conYmenced, impeding us still more. By sundown on the second day of the battle, the division, still distant from the scene of
conflict some fifteen miles, was completely worn out. General Thomas and staff, then, with an escort of forty cavalry, pushed
on through a pouring rain. I took out a few of the most essential instruments from my field case, and, putting them into my
saddle valise, followed the general. The road was nearly impassable, and the beating storm and swollen streams delayed us so
much that we did not reach Columbia until two in the morning. Thence by steamer, early in the morning, we reached the field,
ten miles up the Tennessee River. I there found Surgeon R. Murray, U. S. A., medical director of the Army of the Ohio.
The incessant rains had rendered the field, at best swampy, almost impassable. However, under all discouragements and
difficulties, the wounded were rapidly placed undercover, and pressing operations were done. On the part of General Grant's army
there appeared to have been want of foresight in providing for the probable wants of the wounded. The most painful feature,
however, that I encountered was the inhumanity shown by state agents. One steamboat captain, I remember, who came
from Cincinnati, with a steamboat finely fitted with every hospital convenience, and who flatly refused to receive any but
Ohio wounded on his boat, and entirely ignored the authority of any medical officer. ' I reported to Surgeon R. Murray
for duty, and, after about two days' service in the field, was given charge of the Crescent City, a large Mississippi River
steamer Clearing her of freight, I first brought mattresses, sheets, and pillows on board, and then, obtaining eighteen or
twenty bales of hay, I filled therewith about three hundred and fifty bed-sacks. Also finding, I forget where, the medical
supplies of one or two regiments, after sending for the respective surgeons, I divided with them, so as to obtain what I wanted.
I made requisition for rations for three hundred and fifty men for seven days, and made an agreement with the steamboat
captain to feed his men in return for the services of his cooks and other attendants. Running the steamboat to the river
bank, I began to receive the wounded, taking those from the field, where some few still remained, in preference. I soon had on
board four hundred and thirty, and, on the Friday evening after the battle, steamed down the river. Such was the confusion and
hurry on shore and on the fleet of steamboats, that I could keep no notes of operations. How many I did while at Pittsburgh
Landing. I cannot now remember; but no casualty, I am sure, occurred as the result of operation, or of chloroform. On my
voyage down the Tennessee and up the Mississippi, I was, with my assistants, among whom 1 may mention as particularly
indefatigable, Surgeons H. P. Stearns, U. S. V., and T. W. Fry, U. S. V., and Assistant Surgeon M. C. Tolnian.'Jd Minnesota,
intently engaged in performing such operations as were needed. I attempted to employ due discretion in cases of gunshot
fracture of the femur, and amputated those only in which the shaft of the bone had been most extensively shattered and split.
In some of these instances, upon dissection of the amputated limb, it seemed as if a minute shell must have exploded in the
limb, to such distances among the muscles were the fragments of bone driven. I amputated twice at the knee-joint by lateral
flaps. One case of most complete shattering of the upper half of the femur, I amputated at the hip-joint, with loss of only about
four ounces of blood, and with but very little shock to the patient. The m.-thod was by a long anterior and short posterior flap,
the arteries in the posterior flap being tied first. This patient was taken on shore at St. Louis in a very comfortable condition,
but 1 learned afterward that he expired at the end of eight days after the operation.* I amputated the leg in two or three
instances for complete shattering to bits of the ankle. The upper arm was amputated once for destruction of the lower third of
bumertis, together with the elbow joint. We were greatly overworked during our passage, and it was impossible to keep even
rough notes of our cases ; and, on arriving at St. Louis, the patients were distributed among the hospitals of that city, and any
attempt at a tabular statement of operations and results would be futile. One death occurred on the passage, six hours after an
amputation of the thigh in the upper third, and one death, also, in a case of fractured femur, about one hour after the patient
was brought on board. We arrived at St. Louis on Monday. I and my assistants, having had no change of clothing for nine
days, having been continually, while on the field, drenched with rain and covered with mud, and having been constantly
engaged, with but little wholesome food, were completely worn out. Before the end of the week, I had rejoined the army, now
slowly advancing on Corinth. A few days after my return, our lines enclosed a rebel hospital, and, by orders of General
Ilalleek, I proceeded to care for the wounded and provide for their transmissal to a hospital transport. I found about one
hundred men in charge of four Confederate surgeons, and so negligent had they become that the wounded begged me to
examine their wounds. Several terribly shattered femurs, 1 at once amputated, that the men might be removed with greater ease.
"CASK xxiii, Circular No. 7, S. O. (>., IHtiT, p. :H.
44 APPENDED DOCUMENTS PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.
In one case, shown me as a trifling wound, my suspicions being aroused by these three facts: that there was no wound
of exit ; that the wound of entrance was in the popliteal space, and the knee joint was becoming very painful, I found that
a minie'ball was deeply lodged in the femur, between the eondyles, close to the posterior portion of the joint. I amputated
at the knee-joint, and sawing off two inches of the femur, found the ball immovably fixed between the condyles, and pushing
tlic cartilage of the joint before it. A case here came under my notice, illustrating the fallacious character of injuries said to
be received from the wind of a passing ball. One of the rebel wounded averred that he had been thus hurt, and showed, what
he termed, the injury upon one of his ankles. A glance was sufficient to show that it was a varicose ulcer, which broke out the
dav after the battle in consequence of several days' hard marching. Indeed, the cicatrices of similar ulcers were plainly visible
on' both limbs. During the advance upon Corinth, the list of casualties was extremely small. But one case is worthy of
comment. Briefly this : a man shot through the knee-joint from front to rear, the ball passing just between the ends of the
bones and slightly splintering both tibia and femur. I made long incisions, opening the joint freely, and removing all spiculaj.
When I last heard of the case, about three weeks subsequently, it was doing remarkably well. Shortly after our troops
occupied Corinth, I fell sick."
XLIII. Extracts from Memoranda for the Surgical History of the War. Communicated by
Assistant Surgeon B. HOWARD, U. S. Army.
* * * ''Immediately after the battle of Shiloh, the medical supplies were very insufficient, General Buell's army
having marched to the field unaccompanied by any transportation except for ammunition. On the Saturday following the
engagement, a medical purveyor arrived from Louisville with a large amount of medical supplies, cooking utensils, etc., which
were of immense service, and further supplies afterwards arrived from St. Louis and New York, sufficient to meet every
demand. The majority of operations were neither primary nor secondary, but intermediate, being performed chiefly on the
hospital transports within the two weeks succeeding the engagement."
XL IV. Extract from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Second
Brigade of the First Division of Illinois Volunteers at the Battle of Shiloh. By Surgeon
C. GTOODBRAKE, 20 th Illinois Volunteers.
* "On the morning of Sunday, April Gth, 1862, when our position was attacked, I was with the brigade until
the line of battle was formed, and then took measures that the hospital effects of the 20th Illinois regiment should be properly
stored in our hospital wagons and taken to the rear. I next collected as many of the surgeons of this brigade as I could find,
and took possession of a ravine in the rear of General Oglesby's encampment ; where we remained about an hour, dressing a
great number of wounded, until we were forced to retire by the enemy's shot and shell. We then went in the direction of the
river landing, taking our wounded with us. At a house in an open field on the right of the road, we made another stand, and
here again a great many wounded men were brought to us, who were all temporarily dressed and sent to the boats; but, in a
short time, we were again compelled to leave, and to retreat to the Landing. I remained at the Landing until Monday
evening, and did all in my power to relieve the wounded. On the evening of April 7th, after the enemy had been repulsed,
General Grant directed me to ride out to our encampment to relieve the wounded who had been left on the field, and about this
time, I received similar orders from Colonel Marsh. I immediately obeyed, and for several days was very busily engaged in
attending to the wounded, both National and Confederate. I performed six amputations, in addition to a great number of minor
operations." * * *
XLV. Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Army of the Potomac, from
its Organization in July, 18(51, until the Change of Base to the James River in July, 1862.
By Surgeon CHARLES S. TRIPLER, U. S. A., Medical Director.
GENERAL: In compliance with your instructions, I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of
the medical department of the Army of the Potomac, during the time I was connected with it as medical director.
This time naturally divides itself into two periods: the first, embracing the time from the beginning of the organization
of that army to that of its taking the field; the second, from the latter time to the completion of the change of base to
Harrison's Landing, on the James River. I joined the Army of the Potomac. August 12th, 1861, and was immediately charged
with the organization of its medical department. At that time, the three months volunteers were mustered out of service, and
the new levies were rapidly assembled in Washington, and its vicinity. A number of camps were formed on both sides of the
Potomac, and the construction of field-works was commenced. There were some five or six hotels, seminaries, and infirmaries
in Washington and Georgetown occupied as general hospitals, and one or two in Alexandria, the fruits of the exigencies of the
three months campaign. These were under capable officers, were well regulated and conducted ; but with no system in reference
to the admission or discharge of patients. Every regimental surgeon sent what men he pleased to the general hospitals without,
knowing whether there was room for them or not, and men were discharged from the hospitals with no means provided to ensure
their return to their regiments. It was not an unusual circumstance for sick men to pass the night in ambulances, wandering the
streets from hospital to hospital seeking admission. I could find no information anywhere as to what regiments were present,
or whether they had medical officers or not. My first endeavor was to find out who were the medical officers of the several
regiments, how the hospital departments were supplied, and what was the strength of the regiments; how many of the men
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR TRIPLER. 45
were sick, and what were the prevailing diseases. For this purpose I applied for and had an order issued, directing all the
medical officers to report to me in person without delay ; from them I required the other items of information I have indicated.
A singular state of things was revealed. In General Orders No. 25, War Department, May 25th, 1861, the President had
directed that a surgeon and an assistant surgeon should he appointed, for each regiment of volunteers, by the governors of
their respective States, and that these officers should he examined by boards, to be appointed by the governors, as to their
qualifications, the appointments to be subject to the approval of the Secretary of War. The 3d section of the act of Congress
of August 6th, 1861, required vacancies among the volunteer officers to be filled by the governors in the same manner as the
original appointments. Some of the state authorities had appointed these boards, but many others had entirely neglected it.
The Secretary of War had also accepted what were termed independent regiments, the colonels of which asserted a right to
appoint their own medical officers, and, notwithstanding the act of Congress, to fill vacancies. In other instances, colonels of
state regiments refused to receive the medical officers appointed in conformity with the law and the orders of the President,
and went so far as to put these gentlemen out of their camps by force, when they reported in obedience to the orders of the
governors and of the Headquarters of the Army of the Potomac. The state authorities, especially of New York and Pennsyl
vania, remonstrated strongly against this course, and I used every effort to correct it; but in vain. I was, at last, officially
notified, on the 1'Jth of November, 1861, that the medical officers of regiments, accepted directly by the Secretary of War, had
acquired rights that could not be set aside by the governors of the states. These irregularities created great embarrassment
and confusion in organizing my department, and many regiments were thus left with surgeons as to whose competency nothing
was known. In other instances regiments, or parts of regiments, were sent on without their medical officers, the colonels
assuming authority to leave them at home under various pretexts. * * Another source of embarrassment was, that neither
the law nor orders had provided medical officers for batteries or detachments of cavalry; in these cases I could only direct
that such bodies should be attended to by the medical officers of the regiments nearest to them. To remedy the irregular and
doubtful appointments made by colonels, and to give the troops confidence in their medical officers, I determined to assemble
boards for the examination of the incompetent, as rapidly as their cases were brought to my notice. This I did under authority
ot General Order No. H5, War Department, June 20th, 1861. On September 7th, 1861, I assembled such a board and ordered
twelve medical officers before it for examination. From that time forward, whenever a medical officer was complained of for
incompetency, a board was ordered. In many cases the complaints were ascertained to be well founded, and the officers were
discharged. The third section of the act of Congress of July 22d, 1861, having provided for a surgeon for each brigade, a board
was assembled in Washington to examine candidates ; a number of those appointed, under that act, were assigned to duty with
the Army of the Potomac. The act had not defined the duties of these officers, nor had any regulations in reference to them
emanated from the War Department. Their position was doubtful, and it was necessary to define it. The regimental medical
officers were, for the most part, physicians taken suddenly from civil life, with little knowledge of their duties, which had
to be taught them from the very alphabet. The line officers were equally ignorant with themselves in this respect, and hence
confusion, conflict of authority, and discontent, very seriously impaired efficiency in the medical department. The general
idea seemed to be that it was the duty of the doctor to physic every man who chose to report sick, and to sign such papers
as the colonel directed him to sign. To superintend the sanitary condition of the regiment, to call upon the commanding officers
to abate nuisances, to take measures for the prevention of disease, Avas, in many instances, considered impertinent and obtrusive,
and the suggestions of the medical officer to these ends were too frequently disregarded and ignored.
It occurred to me that the brigade sifrgeons, being very generally taken from those who had seen some service in the
three months campaign, might be made useful in remedying these evils, and in carrying out my views for increasing the
efficiency of the department. Bearing the commission of the President, I was of opinion that they were the superior officers ot
the state surgeons, and had authority to control them in the medical staff. I therefore assigned these gentlemen to the
staff's of the several brigades, and prepared an order defining their duties.
By conversations with the brigade surgeons, I endeavored to impress upon them the importance of the trust confided to
them, and to show them how much the efficiency of the army depended upon the fidelity and success with which they should
discharge their duties. Every item of the order was explained to them, and they were urged to be active and zealous in
imbuing the regimental surgeons with a thorough understanding and just appreciation of the hygienic suggestions it contained.
It was impossible for me to see and instruct inch a number of regimental medical officers as our army included; and I was
therefore obliged to rely upon the brigade surgeons to attend to the training of these officers in their. routine duties. This
arrangement was the most promising I could command, and I hoped its advantages would be readily seen and appreciated;
still, some were found to place impediments in the way of these officers in the performance of their duties.
I had thus established a hierarchy, which though imperfect, enabled me to keep myself tolerably well informed of the
condition of the medical department of this army. The insularities prevailing in relation to the sending of men to the general
hospitals, and to discharging them therefrom, were corrected by paragraphs four and nine of General Orders No. 9, Army of the
Potomac, September Dth, 1861.
In suggesting this order, I had another object in view: to control and to diminish, as far as possible, the number of men
sent from the regimental to the general hospitals The experience of all armies had shown, and my personal observation has
convinced me, of the fact that the sick do much belt ;M- in regimental than in general hospitals, the latter being nuisances to
be tolerated only because there are occasions when they are absolutely necessary, as, for instance, when the army is put in
motion, and cannot transport its sick. It is a singular fact, but one as to which I believe all military surgeons of experience
will agree with me, that the sick report of a regiment, under ordinary circumstances, is a constant quantity; that alter a
regiment has been in the field a month, that quantity will be ascertained; and. that if the regimental hospital is evacuated, in a
short time it will l»e found to contain again its habitual number of inmates, so that we may have as many successive crops ot
sick as we choose, by repeating the process of evacuating the rcirimental upon the general hospitals. A leading object with
me. was. to keep up the fighting force to its maximum, and. then tore, as well as for the more speedy recovery of the men
themselves, I discouraged the practice of sending them to the general hospitals. If I had permitted the practice I found
46 APPENDED DOCUMENTS PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.
existing to continue, of sending men promiscuously and without control to the general hospitals, the only limit of these would
have been establishments adequate to contain the whole army. I stopped it, and thus kept a healttiy army in the field.
Havm" thus established some order and system in the personnel of the medical department, and some method in instruct-
h»g the officers in their duties, my attention was turned to the means of keeping them supplied with medicines, instruments,
and stores. In this I met with many difficulties. The volunteer medical officers could not readily accommodate themselves to
the rigid system of the army in regard to their supplies. To meet this difficulty, I attempted, within reasonable limits to
disregard supply tables, and to give the surgeons articles of medicine and hospital stores to suit even their caprices, if, in my
judgment, such articles could be of any avail in the treatment of disease. In this effort, I first felt the inconvenience of being
in Washington. The medical purveyor was restricted by the regulations, and although my order ought to have been sullbient to
relieve him from all responsibility, still, to be perfectly safe, he would refer such requisitions to the Surgeon General; the
consequence was, my orders were countermanded, and he was finally ordered by the Surgeon General not to issue anything
disallowed by the supply table, without the sanction of the Surgeon General previously obtained.
The pressure upon the purveyor, consequent upon the intlux of so large a body of troops, caused great delay in the
issuing of supplies. Complaints of this delay were made to me as early as the beginning of September. I offered the purveyor
more assistance if it would expedite his issues. That officer replied on the Cth of September, that any additional aid to that
then employed was unnecessary and would in nowise facilitate the matter. Subsequently, a different conclusion was arrived at
and additional aid was furnished. Another difficulty was encountered, in getting the supplies to the regiments after they were
put up. Ordinarily, the purveyor turns over his supplies to the quartermaster, and it is the duty of that officer to transport
them to their destination. It was soon perceived that this mode would not answer in the confusion then reigning in Washington ;
the regular quartermasters were charged with duties considered of more importance, the volunteer quartermasters did not know
how to perform what was required. We were therefore obliged to require the medical officers to call for and to transport their
own supplies to their camps. Much was accomplished in this way; though, in many instances, great negligence and indifference
was manifested on the part of the surgeons themselves.
Another difficulty to overcome, was, the supplying the regiments witli hospital tents. I determined to issue three of
these tents to a regiment; which would accommodate comfortably thirty men. The demand for tents and the scarcity of canvas
made it necessary to reduce the allowance to the minimum that could be made to suffice. I approved of requisitions for this
number, whenever they were presented, and I ordered requisitions to be made in all cases, when I discovered it had been
neglected. These tents, however, were frequently taken, by arbitrary authority, for other purposes, such as store tents, guard
tents, and the like. Whenever an abuse of this sort was brought to my notice, I took every means in my power to correct it,
and I believe, from the best information I could get, that when the army moved to Fairfax Court House, every regiment in it
had its full supply of hospital tents. When the medical officers reported to me, I required them to submit to me an inventory
of the supplies of all sorts they had on hand. These were carefully revised, and whenever they were defective, requisitions
were immediately called to meet the deficiencies. Great difficulty was experienced in enforcing obedience to this simple
requirement. By firmness and patience I believe it was overcome, so that I had every assurance, short of personal
inspection, which was impossible, that nearly every regiment in the army was fully supplied for three mo-.iths. At the time
we moved, a few had succeeded in neglecting this duty and escaping the vigilance of the inspectors and brigade surgeons.
These applied for issues during the few days we remained at Alexandria after our return from Fairfax. The purveyor was then
engaged in packing and shipping his stores for Fort Monroe, of course I could not arrest this work to remedy the faults of half
a dozen idlers.
My next step was to attempt to improve the condition of the camps, so as to promote the health of the army by correcting
InX'ienic errors and by removing, as far as practicable, the causes of disease. On the 19th of August, I directed all the
prisoners at the Capilol prison to be vaccinated, a bath to be fitted up for their use, and such out-door exercise to be allowed
them as was consistent with their safe keeping. On the 22d of August, I sent a surgeon to remedy the defects in the police of
$ camp of the Pennsylvania Cavalry, on 7th street. This camp, at the time, was a nuisance. The same day, I recommended
the removal of the troops encamped upon the fiats near Arlington to the higher ground, if practicable. Thirty-three per cent.
>f the regiments there were reported sick with diarrhoea, and intermittent and typhoid fevers. The chief surgeon of
Division, who had been some weeks at Arlington, expressed his doubts to me, in a report on the subject, whether
fiats were more .insalubrious than the high woodland of that district. I represented to the Adjutant General that I
and were hours in waiting for their breakfasts, and feeling that this had much to do with the prevalence of malarial fevers. I
blamed an order, that reveille should not be beat till after sunrise, and that hot coffee should be issued to the
Soon after this. I was directed to provide a reasonable allowance of cots for the sick in the
I ordered them to be purchased immediately, and as soon as they were procured, I directed the regimental
the purveyor for their quoU. Strange to say, I experienced difficulty in leading these officers to make
December stfth, I was obliged to compel some of tluj surgeons to supply themselves. The want of military
L'd.cal officers: and their consequent helplessness, made it extremely difficult to discover the real causes of
"".'° v:"> nun n BIIOUIU. lie roasicu in :i mess pa
:ith the company funds; that the quantity issued was fixed by law. and was deemed ample; and so it was, but it
•1 a little judgment to discover it, 1 made constant and diligent inquiries of the surgeons as to their
t)i disease ,„ i.heir regiments, and whenever an undue proportion of sick was reported in any regiment, a
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR TRIPLER. 47
special report was invariably called for. If I could have had competent medical inspectors at that time, the average health of
the army might have been more rapidly improved.
First among the causes assigned for the number on the sick report, and the one to which there was a general concurrence
of opinion, was the recklessness with which the men had been enlisted. General Orders No. 51, War Department, August 3d,
1861, commanded, that when volunteers were mustered in, they should be minutely examined by the surgeon and assistant
surgeon of the regiment, as to their physical qualifications. I question whether this most important order has ever received the
adequate attention from the persons whose duty it was to execute it. So notorious was the neglect of its behests, or the incom-
petency of those -who pretended to obey it, that another general order from the same authority was demanded and issued mi
December 3d, of the same year, which declares that the evidence was abundant that this duty was neglected; and threatened to
make the derelict officers pecuniarily responsible for disregarding it. The effect of this neglect, incompetency, or dishonesty,
has been always to swell excessively the ratio of sick to the whole force. The surgeon of the 61st New York reported to me as
a reason for his large sick report, that he had a large number of broken-down men : many sixty to seventy years old, many
affected with hernia, old ulcers, epilepsy, and the like. Another acting brigade surgeon reported that there has been no medical
examination of many of the regiments before they were enrolled ; another, that there were eighty men with hernia and epilepsy
in the 5th New York Cavalry.
During the months of October, November, and December, 3,939 men were discharged from the Army of the Potomac
upon certificates of disability: of these, 2,831 were for disabilities that existed at the time the men were enlisted. These men,
cost the Government not less than $200 each, making nearly §200,000 a month, out of which the people had been defrauded in a
single army, through the faithlessness of those to whom the duty of bringing none but able-bodied men into the field, had been
confided. It seemed as if the army called out to defend the life of the nation had been made use of as a grand eleemosynary
institution for the reception of the aged and infirm, the blind, the lame, and the deaf, where they might be housed, fed, paid,
clothed, and pensioned, and their townships relieved of the burden of their support. The general prevalence of measles was
an,other element increasing the ratio of the sick. I know of no means of preventing the occurrence of this disease. After
more than thirty years experience and observation, I can only say, that I have rarely seen a regiment of irregular troops,
in which it did not appear sooner or later after they had been assembled in camp. In many of our regiments it broke out
before they left their homes ; some were more severely scourged than others, but nearly all suffered to some extent. Among
regular soldiers the disease is rarely seen. I do not doubt it is due to the difficulty of securing the same attention to police, to
cooking, to clothing, to ventilation of tents, among volunteers, that is habitual with regular soldiers
Complaints were made to me in several instances of the inferior quality of the blankets issued to the men. This was.
perhaps to some degree, a cause of disease, but I knew it to be irremediable. It was impossible for the clothing department to
furnish the heavy army blankets instantaneously to 600,000 men. The same remarks apply to a considerable portion of the
tents in use. Some regiments suffered for want of good and sufficient clothing. A singular circumstance presents itself in this
connection. On the 8th November, 1861, the surgeon of the 8th Illinois Cavalry, reported to me that 200 of the men had
received no overcoats from the United States; many of them were almost destitute of clothing. He had three hospital tents,
floored, and furnished with stoves ; his regiment was unusually healthy, no deaths had occurred in it in three months. The
location of the regiment was afterwards changed; it was encamped in low grounds that became intolerably muddy in the course
of the winter; the part occupied by the horses was a perfect quagmire, never policed at all, the men became discouraged and
careless, and, in January, 1862, there were 207 cases of typhoid fever among them. These were removed to the general
hospital in Alexandria, but the sick lists remained large, and in March, when preparing to take the field, 132 men of that
regiment were reported unfit for duty.
Another cause of disease was the heavy details for labor in the field works, and the severe nature of that labor; another,
the exposure incident to picket duty. Regular officers and soldiers know how to make themselves comfortable on picket duty ;
volunteers do not. The frequent alarms in some portions of our line were considered bv some of the medical officers as a cause
of disease; this was particularly the case in front of some of the Vermont troops in General Brooks's brigade. It is possible that
this may have had an unfavorable effect upon men predisposed to disease from other causes. The principal causes of disease,
however, in our camps, were the same that we have always to deplore, and find it so difficult to remedy, simply because citizens
suddenly called to the field cannot comprehend that men in masses require the attention of their officers to enforce certain
hygienic conditions, without which health cannot be preserved. The individual man. at home, finds his meal well cooked and
punctually served, his bed made, his quarters policed and ventilated, his clothing washed and kept in order without any agency of
his own, and without his ever having bestowed a thought upon the matter. The militia officer, in n;nety-nine cases in a hundred,
has given no more reflection than the private to these important subjects. When the necessity for looking after these things
is forced upon his attention, he is at loss how to proceed ; too frequently he lacks the moral courage and the energy to make
his men do what neither he nor they apprehended or understood when they entered service. To bad cooking, bad police, bad
ventilation of tents, inattention to personal cleanliness, and unnecessarily irregular habits, we are to attribute the greater
proportion of the disease that actually occurred in the army. My attention was given to these evils from the beginning. By
precept and by orders, the necessity and the methods of correcting them were urged upon the commanders and the medical
officers of the several regiments. When the brigade surgeons were assigned, the first paragraph of tlie order defining their
duties impressed the paramount importance of hygienic morality upon their consciences, and no opportunity was omitted by
me of urging upon both commanders and surgeons their obligations in this respect. Some of the regimental surgeons. I know,
faithfully performed this duty. Copies of their reports made to their commanding officers, creditable alike to their intelligence
and their zeal, were sent to me. The attention of commanding officers is earnestly called in these reports to the drainage of
their camps, the clothing and cleanliness of their men, to the situation of 'their sinks, and the like. One surgeon reports that
he cannot strike the tents as I had enjoined, because thev were too old, and urges his colonel to get new ones, if possible. The
prophylactic use of quinine and whiskey having been suggested as a means of preventing malarial disease, I determined to test
its efficacy. There being no warrant for such an issue in the regulations of the army, I procured a small quantity from a
43 APPENDED DOCUMENTS — PENINSULAE CAMPAIGN.
sanitary aid society, and received favorable reports of its effects. Upon representing this to the Surgeon General, I was authorized
to issue it, in reasonable quantities, to regiments whose condition seemed most to demand it, I required reports as to the effect.
These reports were eenerallv favorable; so much so, that I was induced to keep it constantly on hand, afterwards, in the
purveyor's store. The surgeon of the Cameron dragoons reported, that by its use he had reduced his sick report from 126 to 74,
in two weeks. The surgeon of the (5','d Pennsylvania reported as favorably, and stated that two companies of the regiment,
who had used it faithfully for two weeks, presented a sick report of only four men. Much prejudice and aversion, however,
had to be overcome in inducing the men to take this medicine, and I scarcely think it would have been practicable to have
forced it upon the whole army. Fortunately, there was no necessity for this.
In order to secure some comforts for the sick in the regimental hospitals, I attempted to show the surgeons how to create
and use a hospital fund. The regimental commissaries strenuously opposed this, on account of the inconvenience to themselves.
The first paragraph of General Orders No. 9, Army of Potomac, September 9th, 1851, however, enjoined it upon them as a
duty ; and, in the course of some four or five months, we succeeded in getting the system pretty generally established. As cold
weather came on, I judged it necessary to make some provision for warming the tents. A very ingenious plan having been pro
posed b v Brigade Surgeon McXulty, which had received the approval of General Heintzleman and of other officers of experience,
I directed Dr. McNulty to visit every division in the army, and to construct one of his furnaces for a model. This duty he
performed. Some, of course, were found to object to it, but it was generally well received, and was found to contribute much to
the comfort of the men. A few, however, still used the Crimean pit, and others succeeded in getting stoves. A cheap and
convenient stove, and one readily transported, the make of Mr. Harrisworth, of Newport, Kentucky, was introduced into the
armv, and was found to answer well. It was the general understanding that the army was not to go into winter quarters, and.
therefore, I did not recommend the housing of the men until the middle of January, 1862 ; but, in December, 1881, learning that
some of the regiments were excavating pits in the ground and covering them with their tents, I hastened to object strenuously
to this plan. I suggested inclosures of rails or palisades, some three feet high, to be roofed over with the tents. The
excavations could not be kept dry or well ventilated, and certainly would not be kept in good police ; all of which objections
would be obviated bv the above-ground inclosure. This plan was adopted in a number of camps I visited, and they presented
an air of comfort that was very gratifying. Later in the season, I recommended the Chester Hut, with roof ventilation, as used
so satisfactorily at Balaklava.
Protection of the men- against the contagion of the small-pox, of course, received constant attention. While the Army of
the Potomac was in process ol organization, small-pox was prevailing rather extensively in several of the districts from which
the troops were recruited. It was unsafe to travel, without protection, over any railway in the country. The city of Wash
ington was infected, as I know from the number of applications made to me by the authorities for the use of our small-pox
ambulances to convey city patients to the pest-house. An eruptive fever hospital had been established before I took charge as
director. Under the excellent arrangements made in that establishment by Dr. Thomas, the surgeon in charge, but little risk
was incurred of the propagation of the disease to the camps. Orders were issued and reiterated for the vaccination of all
volunteers unprotected. I also recommended that an order should be published, requiring that all recruits for the Army of the
Potomac should be vaccinated before they were started from their rendezvous ; and that they should be carefully inspected
as to this immediately upon their arrival. Not satisfied with what had been done, I asked for, and obtained, another order, in
December 1881, requiring division and brigade commanders to cause the brigade surgeons to again inspect all the men, vaccinating
such as were still unprotected, and to report the results to me. At this late period, most of the brigades were found to have
some men unprotected; in a few, the number was serious. In Slocum's brigade, there were fifteen hundred, in Blenker's, twelve
hundred and fifty, and in Sickles's, seven hundred and fifty. Crusts were furnished, and the vaccination completed. As the
result, small-pox, though rife in the community, never gained any foothold in the army. A sporadic case would occasionally
occur sometimes in the most unaccountable way. There are individuals so susceptible that neither vaccination nor a former
attack of small-pox secures them against the disease. An alarming report of the dangers to which the army was exposed
from the system adopted at the hospital having been made by the sanitary commission, with suggestions of some few modifica
tions to suit its views, I inquired into the statistics of the disease in our army up to that time, and found that in seven months
we had had but one hundred and sixty-eight cases, the majority of whom were ill when they reached Washington. I adopted
such of the suggestions of the commission as were not already in use, but with no perceptible effect. In fact, the precautions
already adopted had made the number of cases, considered in reference to the size of the army, too insignificant to give the
least uneasiness to any one at all informed on the subject.
I had long been solicitous to get possession of a few experienced regular medical officers to be employed as inspectors
of the field hospitals, through whom I might be assured that the measures devised for the preservation of the health of the men
were faithfully and intelligently carried out. This was accomplished at last. In the middle of November, 1861, two officers
were assigned to me for that purpose; and, some weeks afterwards, a third. I prepared instructions for them, and set them at
work at once.
These inspections extended from P.udd's Ferry to Cumberland, including General Lander's division at Cumberland, and
General Burnside's expedition fitting out at Annapolis. From the reports made by these officers, I was enabled to correct many
errors in hygiene, as well as to improve the discipline of my department, and to keep it always in readiness for an advance.
All faults in police, cooking, clothing, location of camps, &.c., were promptly reported by me to the Adjutant General, and by
him as promptly ordered to lie corrected.
I com.- now to speak- of the regimental and brigade hospitals. The regulations of the army recognize only regimental
/•eneral hospitals. The regimental hospitals in the field were established in tents, or in such buildings as might chance to
thin the limits or in the immediate vicinity of each camp. The general hospitals available for the Army of the Potomac
few old hotels, or other similar buildings, occupied as hospitals in the cities of Alexandria, Washington, Georgetown,
small portion of the Naval Academy buildings at Annapolis. There was no authority for any hospital establishment in
ie vicinity of the divisions or brigades, that might relieve the hospital tents if crowded, or that might keep the men near their
EEPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR TRIPLEE. 49
camps, so that they could be readily returned to duty when sufficiently recovered. It is true, I might have authorized such
establishments ; but I was dependant upon the provisions of Army Regulations for the necessary stewards, cooks, and nurses for
such service. Several intelligent and zealous brigade surgeons pressed these hospitals upon my attention. Their advantages were
obvious, and I determined, when I could get the buildings, to put them in operation. I required, however, that the necessary
personnel should be furnished from the regimental details authorized by Regulations, and that the brigade hospitals should
be considered and conducted as aggregations of the regimental hospitals; and that their stewards should be mustered on the
regimental rolls. In this way, a number of them were organized and served. Brigade Surgeon Suckley organized one for
Kearney's brigade, near Alexandria ; another was fitted up for Blenker's brigade, at Hunter's Chapel ; another in Hooker's
division, at Budd's Ferry; afterwards, others in Fitz John Porter's division, and several more. A very nice building was put
up at Poolesville for Stone's command, upon plans furnished by Brigade Surgeon Crosby, and approved by the Surgeon General.
About the 1st of February, 1862, my attention was called by General Seth Williams, A. A. G., to the condition of
Gen. Lander's division, at Cumberland. This was the first intimation I had that there were any troops there. I sent one of
my inspectors immediately to examine into the facts, with authority to provide at once for their necessities, to hire buildings, or
to put up hospital huts, if required. On the 5th of February, Brigade Surgeon Suckley was assigned to Lander's division, and
instructed to use every exertion to put things in order. He was informed that the condition of the sick in that division was
represented as scandalous, and that no effort must be spared to reform it. On the 8th, I received the report of the inspector;
and it confirmed all that had been reported as to the shocking state of affairs. The regiments comprising the command were
scattered in all directions for some forty miles over the hills ; the sick, numbering twelve hundred, were abandoned in the city of
Cumberland, and were in a wretched condition. They were '' quartered in close, compact, ill-ventilated rooms, where the
police is bad, food badly cooked and improperly served out, men of different reciments reeling and staggering through the
streets with fevers, seeking shelter and medical attendance." The inspector had succeeded in getting comfortable and roomy
quarters for five hundred of the sick at the time of his report ; had employed a number of women in making bed sacks, and had
contracted for several hundred bunks. Dr. Suckley was in position on the 7th ; on the 9th, he had collected ten hundred and
seventy-nine of the sick; on the llth, he had fourteen hundred. He found affairs in the town in a wretched condition; no
discipline, no system; the commissary had no funds. There were nineteen regiments of infantry, besides cavalry and artillerv,
in the division. On the 18th, he asked for authority to build two pavilions to contain fifty patients each. This was immediately
granted. On the 20th, he had succeeded in making things more comfortable; had procured eight Sisters of Charity for nurses;
had classified his patients, and had provided proper medical attendance. He reported, also, that the mortality and the gravity
of diseases were diminishing. He had received authority to build as many pavilions as were necessary. Measures were taken
by me, upon the receipt of these reports, to provide instantly for all the necessities of the case. I applied to the Commissary
General to place funds in the hands of the commissary. On the 19th, Colonel Taylor informed me that he had sent $5,000.
I ordered a supply of ambulances to be forwarded, loaded with bedding, from Baltimore. Medical and hospital stores were
also forwarded by myself, as well as by the Surgeon General. On March 3d, I received a telegram from the railroad agent at
Wheeling, informing me that one hundred and forty-nine boxes of hospital stores would be at Cumberland the next day. There
was no more trouble with that establishment. The brigade and field hospitals of the Army of the Potomac were, at last,
organized and in working order.
The next subject I shall glance at is that of ambulance transportation. Previously to this war, the army of the United
States had never been supplied with carriages expressly des-gned for the transportation of the sick and wounded. A board,
assembled by the Secretary of War, some two years before the rebellion, had adopted a four-wheeled carriage and two models
of two-wheeled carriages for experiment. The four-wheeled carriage had been tested upon the plains, in an expedition to New
Mexico, and had been favorably reported upon by the medical officer in charge of it. The two-wheeled carriages, though a few
had been built, had never been used. Some doubts were entertained as to their suitableness for these purposes; but they were
adopted and recommended as the best for badly wounded men. Experience, however, has shown that they are utterly unfit for
any such purpose. When the present exigency came upon us, the quartermaster's department lost no time in having the
carriages built as rapidly as possible. They were, of course, ordered in the proportions recommended by the board; viz: five
two-wheeled to one four-wheeled. The two-wheeled were the basis of the system ; a most unfortunate decision. It was my duty,
however, to supply the Army of the Potomac with as many of these carriages as would suffice for the probable necessities, if
they could be had. A considerable number of the two-wheeled had already been accumulated in Washington, before my arrival,
and had been distributed to the several camps. I found them in general use as pleasure carriages for idlers, and accommoda
tion cabs for conveying officers and men from their camps to the city of Washington. A large number of them had already
been broken down in this service. This was immediately stopped. An order was promulgated directing all ambulances, with
the exception of one two-wheeled to each regiment, to be turned into the quartermaster's department in Washington, and the
use of that one was strictly limited to the service for which it was intended. We were enabled, by this means, to find out what
we had, and to keep most of them in order. October 5th, 18b'l, the depot quartermaster reported one hundred and nine two-
wheeled, and twelve four-wheeled ambulances in use, and two hundred and twenty-four two-wheeled, and thirty-eight four-
wheeled not in use. The absurd notion that a two-wheeled was an easier carriage than a four-wheeled had been exaggerated
in providing the vehicles. The quartermaster had issued two hundred and twenty-eight two-wheeled since July 1st. One
hundred and nineteen of these carriages had disappeared in a little more than three months; showing both how recklessly
they had been used, and how incapable they were of standing the hard work of our campaigns. December 31st, 18(il, there
were in Washington three hundred and fourteen two wheeled, and seventy-one four-wheeled ambulances. Each regiment had
its own two wheeled in addition to these. The two wheeled carriages being so generally condemned, I endeavored to have a
number of cacolets collected to replace them, in the Army of the Potomac. The Quartermaster General had already procured
some of them, made after the French model. They weighed one hundred and forty pounds. I thought this too heavy, and
that their weight might be materially reduced without compromising their strength or durability. This I recommended to be
dune. Several other models were presented lo me afterwards that were much lighter, and I requested the quartermaster's
7
50 APPENDED DOCUMENTS PENINSULAE CAMPAIGN.
department to procure a limited number of two of thorn. I thought I had secured two hundred altogether for our army, but I
received but forty, and most of these after we had reached the Chickahominy. As early as August 21st, 18(51, I requested
the Quartermaster General to introduce these litters iu the proportion of one to a regiment. On the 8th of October, I asked
for fifty of Davies's plan ; and, on the 19th of November, I recommended Kohler's to the attention of General Van Vliet. I
instituted some experiments with these, from which I was led to doubt whether they could entirely replace the two-wheeled
ambulances. There was more motion than I expected when the litters were placed horizontally ; in a sitting position, the
wounded man could ride very comfortably. They have the advantage of being readily carried wherever a horse or a mule can
be led, and the disadvantage of affording no protection against the weather. In a report upon the distribution of ambulances,
dated January 7th, 1862. I recommended that a suitable number of horses should be trained to carry these litters, and on Feb
ruary 13th, I'repeated this suggestion. This was approved and ordered to be carried into effect, but, for some reason, it was not
done. * In estimating the number of ambulances required for the Army of the Potomac, it was at once apparent that the
army allowance was altogether in excess of what could be obtained, or what could be managed, even if it were to be had. This
allowance would have made a train of four-wheeled ambulances five miles in length, and of two-wheeled ambulances, about
twenty ; making a total train of twenty-five miles. To mention this shows how preposterous the rule would be. The schedule
was never intended for an army of one hundred thousand men, but for a regiment or detachment making a long march over the
plains, or in an Indian country. Still, great discontent was manifested by a number of officers, whose responsibilities were
limited to a single regiment or brigade, that the whole number was not furnished. Here, I estimated for two hundred
and fifty four-wheeled. I hoped this number might be obtained. It was, however, never reached, and I was obliged, afterwards,
to contrive the best I could to make the number furnished serve in emergencies. The events in the peninsula convinced
me that my original estimate was the minimum that would have enabled us to get along without serious discomfort. The
atrocious roads in that region destroyed a considerable portion of those we had, embarrassing the operations of my department
very materially. General Van Vliet having reported the number of ambulances of both sorts he had in depot and in the
possession of the troops, after comparing the latter with the reports of my inspectors, I found he could furnish only twelve of
the four-wheeled and twenty-two of the two-wheeled to each division of the army, with a proportionate number to commands
of less size. I, accordingly, submitted that plan of distribution to General Williams on the 5th of March, and, in the same
letter, I repeated an estimate I had made on the 27th of February for one ordinary transportation wagon to each regiment, for
the conveyance of medicines, stores, mess chests, and hospital tents. The latter were ordered, and very generally furnished.
On the 10th of March, 1862, having received orders to move the ambulances to Fairfax Court House, I called upon General
Van Vliet to make the distribution according to my plan, and inclosed him a copy of my letter to General Williams as his
guide. I moved with the headquarters to Fairfax Court House the next day. When the army was assembled there, the ambu
lances were not in position. The army being ordered to fall back upon Alexandria, I hastened to Washington, and had an
interview with General Van Vliet on this subject. He informed me he had ordered thirty-six four-wheeled ambulances from
Perryville to Fort Monroe, and that he would send on eighty-six more from Washington. That would have given us one
hundred and seventy-seven for the whole army, including McDowell's Corps and Blenker's Division. This was too few, but it
was the best that could be clone with the number reported on hand. Colonel Ingalls being under the impression that there was
still a large number at Perryville, I telegraphed to Washington to have fifty more added to our allotment, but I did not get
them; in fact, the last of the original eighty-six did not reach us till the 1st of May. Twelve were received April 9th ; sixteen,
April loth, and fifty-eight, May 1st. In the meantime, the divisions of Stone, at Poolesville ; Banks, at Sandy Hook; Lock-
wood, on the eastern shore of Maryland, and Lander, at Cumberland, had been furnished with as many carriages of each sort
as we could spare, and they were likely to need. Stone had fifty-nine two-wheeled, seven four-wheeled, and seven transport
carts. They proved amply sufficient to remove his wounded, after the action at Ball's Bluff, with the greatest speed and safety to
his hospitals. ): * My report from Brigade Surgeon Crosby, who conducted the hospital administration on that occasion,
an officer who has no superior in the corps to which he belongs, shows that his carriages were as near the field as they could be
brought. He could not very well cross the canal or the Potomac River with his train.
The most feasible plan for organizing a force to act as an ambulance corps engaged my attention at an early period.
Several propositions were made by foreigners to raise and to command such a corps. They were mere repetitions of the conti
nental systems, and, however serviceable they might have promised to be, they could not, under the then existing laws, have
been used for our army. The only plan that appeared to be within my reach was that adopted and established by the sixth
paragraph of Order No. 20. The regulations of the army authorized a detail of ten men from each regiment for hospital
attendants, and the bands of the regiments had long been used for the purpose I wanted them for in time of action in our
service; and I could, by the plan indicated, expect to command about twenty-five men to a regiment to serve an ambulance
when wanted. They required, however, to be instructed in that duty ; and, with that view, they were ordered to be drilled
regularly every day by the medical officers, under the superintendance of the brigade surgeons. Whenever this order was
obeyed, the progress of the men in the drill was quite satisfactory. It was, at least, the beginning of an ambulance corps.
Perhaps a distinct ambulance corps may yet be made a part of our military establishment. I am satisfied it would contribute
essentially to the efficiency of the hospital department. The Surgeon General of Pennsylvania, under date of September lt)th,
1861, requested authority to organize such a corps at Camp Curtin for the troops of his State. I indorsed his proposal favorably,
and referred it to the Secretary of War, but no action was taken upon it. An elaborate project for an ambulance corps was
submitted to the Surgeon General by Mr. Piersding, and by him referred to me for examination in March, 1862. * *
When I took charge of the Army of the Potomac, I supposed that the general hospitals within the limits of that army
were under my control, and that it devolved upon me so to extend their capacity as to provide accommodations for the number
of sick and wounded that we should be likely to have. The buildings already provided and occupied were seen at once to be
totally inadequate. The entire hospital establishments in Washington, Georgetown, Alexandria, Baltimore, and Annapolis
contained but two thousand seven hundred beds. A Sanitary Commission being in session at Washington about the 1st of
September, an invitation was extended to me to assist, which I accepted. They were then discussing the subject of general
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR TRIPLER. 51
hospitals. They seemed to be of the opinion that there should be as many as five thousand beds in Washington. I explained
to the gentlemen at some length my views upon the subject, and endeavored to show them that twenty thousand beds, at least,
would be required. After several days' consideration, the commission decided to appoint a committee to wait upon the Secretary of
War, to request him to have frame buildings erected sufficient to accommodate fifteen thousand men, and to request your approval
of the same. The subject was brought to your notice in a letter from Mr. Goo. Gibbs, of the commission, which letter was referred
to me, and was the occasion of my first report to you in reference to general hospitals. ' * I had at that time taken some
steps to increase the existing establishment to meet immediate wants, when I was informed by the Surgeon General that the
Secretary of War had charged him with the superintendence and control of this matter, and that he should have all that was
necessary provided in due season. My report, however, with a letter from the Sanitary Commission, was submitted by you to
the Secretary of War, accompanied by a letter from yourself. In the course of a month, it was returned to you, with authority
to make your own arrangements for providing hospitals. I was then directed by you to go on with this work, but, first, to
submit my plans to you. I was, as I stated in my first report, decidedly in favor of putting up cheap frame buildings, expressly
designed for hospitals, in preference to relying upon hotels, school-houses, and the like, as seemed to be the existing plan. I
fully believed suitable buildings could be erected at a cost not exceeding $25 per bed. I had seen such a plan in the possession
of Doctor E. Harris, of the Commission, and had been promised a copy of it. The Commission, however, objected to his furnishing
it, agreeing to send me a much better plan, and one sufficiently economical to suit my views. After tedious delays, their draw
ings were at last sent to Washington. They were the design of an architect in New York, taken from the general plan of the
Lariboisiere in Paris, excellent in itself, but too costly, I feared, for our purposes. The expense, as estimated by the architect,
was $75 per bed. Time pressing, and it being too late to wait for other plans, I reluctantly determined to adopt it, after having
made certain modifications that would not impair its advantages, but would reduce the cost to about $60 for each bed, if the
architect's estimate could be relied on. I submitted the plan to you, accompanied with a report. I adhered in this report
to my original estimate for twenty thousand men as a minimum. To the plan proposed, you objected, on account of the
expense, in the then condition of the Treasury; but you thought that one-fourth of the buildings I had recommended might be
put up. I then proposed to go to Annapolis, Baltimore, and Philadelphia, to see what could be done there to increase our
accommodations ; hoping that, by evacuating all our hospitals in the vicinity of Washington, with the addition of the five thousand
beds to be provided in the new buildings, we might be able to get along with tolerable comfort in the event of a battle. * *
When the Quartermaster General advertised for proposals to put up the new buildings, instead of $15,000 for each two
hundred beds, as estimated by the architect, the bids ranged from $30,000 to $80,000. This expense could not be incurred,
and two, only, of the buildings, sufficient for four hundred men, were attempted, and it was many months bufore they were
completed.
In the meantime, some of the Philadelphia hospitals were put in order. In February, 1832, nine hunlra! b^.ls w^re
ready in that city. In November, 1881, a new hospital in Alexandria was prepared, capable of receiving nine hundred patients.
In the same month, three large houses in Washington were seized and fitted up, and I succeeded in securing two hundred beds in
the St. Elizabeth Asylum. These hospitals were fitted up with great care, and made as comfortable as such buildings could be
made. They were well organized, aild provided with a competent medical staff and good nurses. They gave us a total accom
modation of about six thousand beds, and were sufficient to receive the sick of the Army of the Potomac when it Was put in
transit for the Peninsula. It was a source of deep regret to me that I was unable to accomplish, at least so much of my original
plan as had received your approval ; but, at that time, such a thing was impossible in Washington ; anywhere else, it could, and
would, have been done. Subsequent events have shown that, if it had been done, much inconvenience and suffering might have
been spared.
The sanitary condition of the army, during this season, was very satisfactory. My records show a constantly increasing
immunity from disease.
The Army of the Potomac, during this period, included the divisions of Gen. Stone, at Poolesville; of Gen. Banks, at
Harper's Ferry and Frederick ; of Gen. l)ix, at Baltimore, and the forces in the vicinity of Washington.
August '22d, 1801, thirty-three per centum of the troops encamped on the flats near Arlington were reported sick with
diarrhoea and malarial fevers. I have already alluded to the action taken in reference to these men. They belonged to McDowell's
Division. On the 115th of February, 18(52, this same division had but nine serious cases in a force often thousand men. There
were, in addition, some two hundred cases of catarrh and a few of measles. There had been, in the meantime, as in other
portions of the army, some typhoid fever, but, at the last date, it had almost entirely disappeared.
I have already remarked upon the constantly recurring outbreaks of measles among volunteers. We had more or less of
it among different commands during the whole period. In February, 1862, it was prevailing in the Railroad Brigade; in
January, it was rife in Dix's Division in Baltimore. September 14th, 18151, Stone had six thousand men at Poolesville, with but
fifty-four sick in hospital, one-filth of whom had measles; the remainder typhoid and intermittent fevers. September 2 1st, nine
thousand men are reported at Poolesville, with ninety-one in hospital, and two hundred and fifty-four in quarters. February
3d, 186:2, measles alone kept up the number of men in hospital in ({en. F. J. Porter's Division. On the 8th of the same month,
measles are reported as having disappeared, while the number of sick in quarters is reported as materially reduced, notwith
standing the inclemency of the weather. Typhoid fever appeared in some of the camps during the autumn, but gradually
disappeared as winter advanced. This disease is now, and has been for years, endemic in the United States. We could not
hope to escape it altogether. In some few regiments, under peculiar circumstances, there wer« a good many cases; but, taken
as a wh de. and considering the number of men in the camps, the cases were so few we might almost ignore it altogether. In
Hunt's Artillery Reserve, during the last quarter of 18:51, it prevailed to some extent, but, in .January, it had entirely disappeared.
This command had, during this time, one of the largest sick reports in the army. On the .'Ust of January, 18i52. the prevalent
diseases in it were reported to tie catarrh and bronchitis, attributed to the effects of the rains and thaws.
In Ortoher and November, 18(51. with an army averaging one hundred and thirty thousand men, we had seven thousand
nine hundred and thirty-two cases of fevers of all sorts. Of these, about one thousand were reported as cases of typhoid fever.
52 APPENDED DOCUMENTS PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.
I know that errors of diagnosis were frequently committed, and, therefore, this must be considered as the limit of typhoid cases.
If any army in the world can show such a record as this, I do not know when and where it was assembled.
The most striking contrasts were exhibited in the relative health of the troops from different states, and sometimes among
regiments from the same state. Thus, in November, 1861, with a menn ratio of six and five-tenth per centum sick in the whole
aimy, twelve Massachusetts regiments gave an average of fifty sick in each, five Vermont an average of one hundred
and forty-four each, and thirty-five Pennsylvania an average of sixty-one each. In January, 1862, the 12th Massa
chusetts, one thousand and five strong, had but four sick; the 13th, one thousand and eight strong, but eleven; while the
15th, eight hundred and nine strong, had sixty-eight. In the same month, the 5th Vermont, one thousand strong, had
two hundred and seventy-one sick ; the 4th, one thousand and forty-seven strong, had two hundred and forty-four sick ; while
the 2d, one thousand and twenty-one strong, had but eighty-seven, and the 3d, nine hundred strong, had but eighty-four.
All these regiments were in the same brigade, and encamped side by side. The 10th Pennsylvania Reserves, nine hundred and
sixty-five strong, had seven sick ; the 1st Pennsylvania Rifles, eight hundred and eighty-nine strong, had sixty-seven sick ;
and the 1st Pennsylvania Cavalry, eight hundred and ninety strong, had ninety-six sick.
The health of some of the regiments, under adverse hygienic circumstances, seemed to set all reasoning at defiance.
Thus, in February, 1862, Colonel Geary's Pennsylvania regiment, of Banks's Division, that had been serving all summer upon
the banks of the Potomac and the canal, had but two and five-tenths per centum sick. There was a constant improvement in
the health of the whole army as tlie season progressed, and, at the time the march to Fairfax Court-house was ordered, with a
very few exceptions, every regiment in it was in the most satisfactory condition. Some of them showed a most extraordinary
improvement. Thus, in four regiments of Pennsylvania troops in McCall's Division, there were but sixty-eight men on the sick
report on the 1st of March, 1862. The records in my possession show that in :
September, 1861, among 84,788 men, we had 6,007 sick — 7.00 per centum.
October, " 116,763 " " " 7,443 " 6.07 " "
November " " 142,577 " " " 9,281 " 6.50 " "
January, 1862, " 181,082 " " " 11,225 " 6.18 "
Of these, the men sick in the regimental and general hospitals were less than one-half; the remainder were slight cases
under treatment in quarters. The health of particular regiments was, at this time, very remarkable. Thus, the 2d Rhode
Island had but .45 per centum sick ; the 7th Massachusetts, 1.99 ; the 98th Pennsylvania, 1.21 ; the 1st Long Island, 1.46 ; and the
mean of Reyes's Division was but 3.29. During this time, so far as rumor was concerned, the Army of the Potomac was being
decimated by disease every month. The reports from the regimental headquarters were only less erroneous than rumor.
The statistics I have given are from the weekly and monthly reports of the medical officers. It was ascertained to be the general
habit of the captains to report every man sick who found it convenient to report himself so. The difference between these reports
and the facts is illustrated in my letter to General Williams, of January 28th, 1862. * f During this period, there were frequent
skhmishes, giving a number of wounded men. Two affairs of importance took place: on the 21st October, 1861, the battle of
Ball's Bluff, and on the 2Cth of December, General Ord's affair at Drainesville. In the former, two hundred and eighty men
were leporttd wounded; in the latter, thirty-four. Of the wounded at Ball's Bluff, ninety-three were in the head and face;
a very large proportion, and showing the accuracy of fire of the enemy, as well as the skill with which they availed themselves
of the advantages they possessed on that occasion. This concludes the first period of the operations of the medical department
of the Aimy of the Potom»c. I hope to resume the subject, and to report upon the second period in a few days.
The army being about to take the field, certain measures preparatory to the movement suggested themselves. * *
There were a number of medical officers on duty in the hospitals in Washington who should have joined the army when
it moved, though their eei vices weie previously needed to instruct others destitute of military experience.
Early in March, the sick were removed from the field to the general hospitals. Convalescents were left in the camps,
that they might the more readily be returned to duty when well, and that they might form a part of the garrison of the works
when the army was put in motion. Instructions for the government of medical officers in battle were prepared, in which minute
directions were given as to the manner of forming field depots for the wounded, the organization of the parties of medical
officers to serve at each, the methods of preparing for the refreshment and professional care of the wounded when brought in,
the distribution and employment of the ambulance corps, etc. I succeeded in getting a small supply of portable soup from the
subsistence department, which was distributed to the regimental surgeons, and its use strictly limited to times of battle.
The different regiments being all supplied with medicines, stores, hospital tents, etc., and a wagon each to transport their
supplies, and the sick requiring it having been removed from the camps to the hospitals, the army, so far as my department was
conceined, was reaely to move. On the llth day of March, it was put in motion for Fairfax Court House. The enemy having
disappeared from our front, a return to Alexandria was ordered, and, after an interview with yourself, in which 1 received
instructions to govern me for further arrangements, I left Fairfax Court-house for Washington at nightfall of the 14th of
March. In the meantime, orders had been issued in Washington limiting your command to the Army of the Potomac in the
field, and organizing that aimy into corps.* The latter order so changed the organization as to make it necessary and expedient
to assign an experienced medical officer to each corps as a medical director; the idea of an army corps being that it should be
a complete army in itself. Here, I intended to bring in the senior medical officers of the army, in the hospitals at Washington,
as medical directors. I intended so to distribute them, to break up the Washington arrangements, to send purveyor, as well as
hospital surgeon into the field; in short, to transfer everything in Washington to Fort Monroe, whither you informed me we
were to proceed. On my arrival in Washington, the Surgeon General informed me that he had resumed the control of hospitals
and purveyor; that I must use my inspectors for medical directors and appoint another purveyor, as the one in Washington
coulel not be spared. I was further informed that I could not strip Washington of supplies ; that I could take part of what was
there, and that the remainder of what 1 wanted would be ordered from New York, to meet me at Fort Monroe. I was obliged
to acquiesce. *
' President Lincoln's WAU OlUJKlt No. 2, March 8th, 1802. EDS.
.
MA Pof the OPERATIONS
or THE:
ARM Yof th. POTOMAC
ON THE
ON THE
PENINSULA.
March -And ust 186
Compiled from the }j
Campaign Maps Arinv of the Potomac
and tl* ' j
Military Maps of South- Eastern Virginia.
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR TRIPLER. 53
A medical purveyor was appointed, and ordered to report to me from Baltimore. This officer promptly obeyed, but was
in too feeble health to undertake the duty. I then substituted Assistant Surgeon R. H. Alexander, of the army, who entered
upon and continued to discharge the duty up to the time I was relieved at Harrison's Bar.
On the 17th of March, 1 saw General Van Vliet in Washington in reference to ambulances. He told me that thirty-six
four-wheeled were then in transit from Perryville for Fort Monroe; that he would send eighty-six more from Washington, and
one hundred and forty two-wheeled, in addition to those then in possession of the regiments. This was the best that could be
done. Those from Perryville reached Fort Monroe in good season, and were distributed by Captain Sawtelle; the others did
not arrive until from April 9th to May 1st. March 29th, the headquarters were transferred to the steamer Commodore, at
Alexandria.
April 1st, the headquarters left Alexandria, and arrived at Fort Monroe on the 2d, at 6 p. M. The next day, I had an
interview with Surgeon Cuyler, U. S. A., and arranged for the reception of one thousand wounded in the hospitals under his charge.
I had been in hopes of getting more room, but was convinced it could not be safely relied upon. On the 4th, we marched to
Great Bethel; and, on the 5th, through a heavy rain, to a cluster of huts, some five miles from Yorktown. On the 6th, I
visited Heintzelman's position, in front of Yorktown, inspected his hospital department, and found that his medical director,
Milhau, had made excellent arrangements for his field hospitals in case of a battle. Some of the depots, however, proved
afterwards to be within range of the enemy's guns, and we were obliged to abandon them. On the 7th, I went to Ship Point,
and inspected the rebel huts there. We had then three large clusters of huts, most of them nearly new and in good condition :
one at Ship Point, one about four miles from there, on the road to Yorktown, and the third at our own camp, near the road to
Fort Monroe. These, with a few small, dilapidated meeting-houses and private dwellings, scattered from Young's to Cheesman's
Creek, were afterwards used as hospitals. The accommodations afforded by these buildings, it was evident, would not be
adequate for our wants, even with the one thousand provided for at Fort Monroe, in case of a severe action at Yorktown. The
country, also, from Warwick Court-house to the York River, at our position, was but a succession of swamps, that in warm
weather would be too prolific of malarial poisons to admit of our establishing military hospitals there. I, therefore, determined
to arrange, if possible, with the department at Washington, for the reception of all wounded in excess of the one thousand, at
some of the hospitals north. Colonel Ingalls agreed promptly to transmit my men from any point on York River to such
hospitals as I might indicate. With this understanding, I telegraphed and wrote to the Acting Surgeon General on the 14th of
April. April 20th, I received a reply from Surgeon Wood, acceding to my proposal, and making certain suggestions as to
sending certain classes of patients to particular points, which seemed to me to be difficult of execution, if not impracticable.
I had at that time made arrangements to keep a hospital steamer constantly at Cheesman's Landing, for the reception of wounded
only. It was necessary that this hospital should receive all the wounded indiscriminately.
On the Kith, six civilian surgeons, deputed by the Governor of Massachusetts, by authority of the Secretary of War,
arrived in camp and offered their services. They were particularly charged to look after the Massachusetts volunteers ; but,
with a zeal as creditable as it was rare, and a patriotism as conspicuous as it was disinterested, they expressed their readiness
and their desire to render their services wherever they could be most useful. The party consisted of Doctors Cabot, Hodges,
Gay, Park, Heartwell, and Homans. Some of these gentlemen were assigned to the Massachusetts troops in Simmer's corps ;
the others fitted up a portion of the huts on the Ship Point Road as a field hospital for the regulars. They had precisely the
same supplies as the other surgeons. With these moans, they were soon at the head of a model establishment for the field.
After the evacuation of Yorktown and the battle of Williamsburg, they repaired promptly to the town, and there rendered
important services to the wounded.
On the 19th, Professor Henry H. Smith, Surgeon General of Pennsylvania, arrived with the steamer William Whildeu,
completely fitted up with bedding, stores, instruments, a corps of eighteen surgeons and dressers, and a large number of
Sisters of Charity for nurses. He brought with him, also, the means of embalming the bodies of the dead ; which kind office he
cheerfully performed for numbers of men from various States. Surgeon General Smith, upon being informed of my plans,
entered into them with hearty good will, and seconded them with an earnest zeal and intelligence that showed he had not
acquired a knowledge of hospital administration in vain. Soon after his arrival, the steamer Commodore was assigned to
me by the quartermaster's department. Doctor Smith took charge of her equipment, and, in a short time, had her ready to
receive nine hundred wounded. This vessel and the William Whilden then became our receiving ships, one of which was to
be constantly in position to receive the wounded.
Soon after our arrival in front of lorktown, malarial and typhoid fevers again appeared, though not with any alarming
rapidity. The greatest proportion occurred in Keyes's corps, on our left. The country occupied by him was the worst on the
peninsula, and, in addition to that, one of his divisions was composed of our newest troops. Desirous of keeping the army as
little encumbered ns possible with sick, that its movements might not be embarrassed on that account, I took measures to send
to the north those too ill to move with us. On the 17th of April, three hundred and fifteen such patients were reported to me,
a very small number, considering the strength of the army, the wretched weather, and the character of the country. The
transport Massachusetts was prepared for them, and, on the 20th, was despatched for Annapolis. Adhering to the same plan,
as other men fell sick, I provided the means of transporting them also; and I availed myself of the services of the volunteer
aid societies. On May 1st, Mr. Olmstead, the secretary of one association, had a boat, the Daniel Webster, No. 1, in his
possession; a steamer on which he could carry two hundred and fifty patients. At his request, I procured the Ocean
Queen, a steamer of the larger class of sea-going ships, and turned her over to him. He agreed to fit her up in forty-eight
hours alter getting possession of her. It took rather longer than that, however, and then she carried but three-fifths of the
number she should have carried. Of course, in inaugurating a system of this kind, under our circumstances, some delays, some
awkwardness, and some confusion were to be expected. If I had had at my disposal a few medical officers of experience, these
arrangements could have been made with more rapidity and precision. As it was, with the exception of the Surgeon General
of Pennsylvania, 1 had no one on the water who had the faculty of rapid systematization ; but all seemed disposed to do the
best they could, and I believe the operations at Yorktown were fully as successful as could have been hoped for. In the
54 APPENDED DOCUMENTS — PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.
meantime, a few of our men were wounded and were treated in our hospitals. On the 16th of April, General Smith had an
important affair on our left, in which thirty-two men were reported to me as killed, and one hundred wounded. The wounded
were sent to the hospital ships. On the 26th, twelve men of a Massachusetts regiment were wounded and sent to the ships.
In irregular firings, during the siege, several more of our men were wounded and were disposed of in the same manner.
I have already stated that the army was well supplied with medical stores and the means of transporting them before it
was put in motion. What was my surprise, then, as soon as we were in position before Yorktown, to find my office flooded
with requisitions for more. Upon inquiry, I found that, in many instances, these things had been left by the troops in their old
camps. Spirits had very generally disappeared. Various excuses were rendered that were not satisfactory. The medical
oflicers seemed to suppose that the medical purveyor would furnish them with fresh supplies at every change of position, and
had taken no pains to transport their stores from Washington to the peninsula. Many days passed before I could remedy this
unwise improvidence. My store ship, after having reached Fort Monroe, was detained there by a storm, and when she reached
Ship Point, it was found very diilicult to land her supplies. I succeeded, finally, in getting her a berth at Cheesman's Creek,
and was then enabled to proceed more rapidly. My supplies of stimulants, however, being very limited, those ordered from New
York not arriving till very late, I was compelled to refuse to issue to the regiments the little on hand, for the purpose of being
sure of having some, at least, in the event of a battle. I distributed what we had to the medical directors of corps, with
instructions for its prudent use. The first of the large supply from New York reached Fort Monroe April 14th; the last did
not reach the purveyor till the 1st of May. These supplies were shipped by different vessels, and were mingled with other
stores, so that they could not be landed until after tedious and vexatious delays.
On the 9th of May, I wrote and telegraphed to the Surgeon General for bedding, hoping it might be ordered up
immediately from Fort Monroe. It was despatched from Washington] the next day, and reached us at White House, but at a
much later date than I had hoped for.
To avoid the delay attendant upon sending requisitions to me during the important operations before Richmond, on the
2?th of May, I authorized the medical directors of corps to approve them, and directed the purveyor to issue upon their
orders. On the 23d of May, I directed the purveyor to purchase a large quantity of extract of beef, and to distribute it to the
several corps. On the llth of June, I directed the medical directors of the corps to see to it that their regiments were supplied
with everything necessary and to fill up all deficiencies immediately. This done, there seemed to be no more that I could do to
ensure that a sufficiency of all necessary supplies should be on hand in the c riflicts soon to occur. If any regiment suffered
afterward for the want of these things, it was due to the negligence or inefficiency of their own officers. There was an
abundance of supplies at White House. The way to procure them was not only indicated, but the medical officers were
repeatedly enjoined to provide themselves in season, and corps directors were instructed to see that they did so provide.
The works in front of Yorktown being nearly ready for the bombardment and assault, on the 27th of April, I proceeded,
by your order, to select positions for the field depots for our wounded. On the right, I was accompanied by Captain Abbott,
of the Engineers, and was governed by his advice as to protection from the fire of the enemy. While engaged in this duty,
several shot were thrown by the enemy at our working parties, and, from observation of their effect and direction, I was satisfied
that the positions selected would afford all the protection required for our operations. On the 29th, I proceeded to Sumner's
position, and, with the assistance of General Sedgwick, a similar selection of depots was made for the front of that corps.
Immediately afterwards, the embarkation of the sick was commenced. Simmer's, Heintzelman's, and a part of Reyes's
corps were relieved. * * May 2d, I telegraphed to the medical director of Keyes's Corps to break up his hospital at Young's
Mills ; and, on the 4th, to concentrate his sick, with a suitable allowance of medical officers, nurses, and subsistence, and to
keep his transportation well in hand for any further movement. The same day, I inquired for how many men he would want
accommodation. The next morning, the officer left in charge of the sick at Warwick Court-house reported two hundred and
thirty-two men; before night the number increased to eight hundred. I then sent an assistant to see to the matter, and
before his task was completed, more than twelve hundred were collected in the woods and elsewhere from that corps alone.
I mention these things to show how little reports of sick, even when they could be had, were to be depended upon in making
my estimates for transportation and for hospitals. Not that untrue reports were made by the surgeons ; but, whenever a march
was undertaken, straggling was? permitted to go on unrestrained, and, I fear, was sometimes even encouraged by officers whose
duty it was to have prevented it. I had frequent occasions to ask attention to this evil during the campaign. The boats of the
Sanitary Commission were employed in transferring some of the sick to the north, and, by the 9th of May, they had relieved me
of nine hundred and fifty. We then had two thousand in hospital at Yorktown. I placed Assistant Surgeon Greenleaf, of my
staff, at this hospital, who organized and conducted it admirably well. When the pressure was over, he was relieved, and
rejoined me at headquarters.
May 4th, the enemy evacuated Yorktown. General Stoneman was sent in pursuit, and, on that day, he lost three killed
and twenty-eight wounded. The latter were brought to the rear and placed on the Commodore. The next day the battle of
Williamsburg took place. In the night, I was directed to send transportation to Queen's Creek for three hundred wounded.
The Commodore was immediately despatched in charge; of one of my assistants. At noon, of the b'th, she returned to Yorktown,
having been unable to effect a landing on account of shoal water. I procured a lighter from Colonel Ingalls, and, taking charge
of the Commodore myself, proceeded witli her to Queen's Creek. Surgeon General Smith accompanied me. The water was
so shallow the steamer could get no nearer to the landing than two miles. Lieutenant Eeamy, of the Navy, boarded us, and
courteously offered to land us in his boat. Leaving orders for the lighter to follow up the creek as soon as she came up.. Doctor
nth and myself went ashore, set the ambulances in motion, and collected from the depots one hundred of our wounded, and got
Jliem comfortably on the Commodore by ;5 A. M. One hundred wounded prisoners were collected in one of the field works near
the landing. The next morning, having organized the ambulance train, I left Doctor Smith to embark the rest of the
rounded, including the prisoners, and. boarding a tug, I hastened back to Yorktown, to make further arrangements. Here I
was i t by an order to hasten to Williamsburg. to care for the wounded there. Having dispatched the Pennsylvania steamer
len to Queen's Creek, accompanied by my senior assistant, Doctor A. K. Smith, of the army, 1 hastened to Williamsburg.
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR TRIPLER. 55
Here I was joined by a party of able and distinguished surgeons from New York, consisting of Doctors James R. Wood, David
L. Rogers, Krackowitzer, Stone, Ayers, and others. Doctors Cabot, Hitchcock, and Bronson, of Massachusetts, were also
promptly on the ground. The hospitals were distributed among these gentlemen. I need scarcely say that the wounded
received at their hands the most prompt and skilful attention. All the wounded in Williamsburg, comprising about seven
hundred of our own men and three hundred and thirty-three of the enemy, had the benefit of their care. The remainder of the
wounded were attended to in the field depots near the James and York rivers. The whole number of killed in that conflict,
reported to me, was four hundred and sixty, and, of wounded, one thousand four hundred and seventy-four. Four hundred and
thirty-three wounded prisoners were left upon our hands. Many of our men were so slightly wounded it was not necessary to
send them to the hospitals. Of the prisoners, sixty were too bad:y wounded to be removed They were left in Williamsburg,
under the care of Doctor D. L. Rogers, of New York. The remainder were ordered to Fort Monroe, on the transports. Eight
hundred of our men and one hundred prisoners were sent to Fort Monroe on the Commodore, and four hundred and twenty-
seven of our men and two hundred and seventy-three prisoners on the William Whilden and other transports. The Whilden
sailed direct for Philadelphia. On the llth of May, the embarkation of our own wounded was completed. The prisoners from
the town of Williamsburg were embarked the next morning.
When the enemy was brought to bay at Williamsburg, the corps of Sumner, Heintzelman, and Keyes advanced rapidly
upon their position. A drenching rain began in the night of the 5th, and continued the next day. I was informed that many
of the regiments left their camps with nothing in their haversacks. They had no shelter from the rain, and nothing to eat.
The roads were shocking; it seemed almost impossible to get supplies to them. Their privations were consequently extreme.
As a natural result, when the columns were again put in motion, a large number of men were thrown on my hands ; some of
them sick ; most of them tired and exhausted. They came straggling in from the rear of the army, without reports, nurses, or
subsistence. It was impossible to create hospitals for all these men at Williamsburg. I, therefore, caused a selection to be
made for transportation to the rear, and ordered up one of the boats in charge of the Sanitary Commission, from Yorktown, to
receive them. This boat, the Elm City, reached me during the afternoon of the 12th. I directed her, after she was filled up,
to proceed to Washington. The remainder of the sick were left in Williamsburg, under the care of Doctor Bronson and the
medical officers of General Grover's Brigade. : : About the same time, to afford further relief for our hospitals, a few more
of our sick were sent north. On the llth of May, two hundred and twenty-five were dispatched from Yorktown, and, on the
1'Jth, five hundred more. On the 13th. the steamer Donaldson reported to me at Williamsburg from Franklin's Division. She
was ordered to take subsistence and hospital stores on board at Yorktown, and then to proceed to Alexandria. The number of
men she had on board was not reported, nor the authority by which she came down.
On the 7th of May, General Franklin fought at West Point. Doctor Hamilton, his medical director, reported forty-nine
killed and one hundred and thirty-one wounded. He reported, also, the great efficiency of the ambulance corps, organized
under your orders October 3d, 1861. One of .the men of that corps was killed while engaged in removing the wounded.
On the 7th of May, we had six men wounded in a cavalry skirmish near New Kent Court-house. They were cared for
in the houses in the neighborhood.
Matters being arranged at Williamsburg, I moved, on the evening of the 13th, to rejoin headquarters. Bivouacking at
night on the road, I reached Cumberland at noon on the 14th. Here I found a number of sick reported as unable to go on. It
was raining hard, and the roads were almost impracticable. It was necessary to make some provision for the sick. I took a
stearn tug at night, and went down the river until I reached the steamer Commodore. The master of the vessel refused to go up
the river without a pilot, as it would vitiate his insurance. I applied to the provost marshal at Eltham for a pilot. He knew
of none. Chancing to hear of the mate of a brig about sailing for home, who was said to know the river, I sent him an order,
'n your name, to repair on board the Commodore immediately to pilot her up. I succeeded in getting her to Cumberland, and
:hus provided a hospital. Leaving her in position, on the 16th, I moved with the headquarters to White House. This being
the new base of operations, it was necessary to establish a general hospital there. There were no buildings at all fit for the
purpose, so, to meet present necessities, I resorted to the use of tents. A detail of soldiers was ordered to pitch them. It
was furnished reluctantly, and was most inefficient. Under the superintendence of Brigade Surgeon J. II. Baxter, with
one hundred and fifty men, I learned that, after two day's work, there were but thirty-four tents pitched. At the end of
four days, one hundred were ready ; all that we could command. Cooking cauldrons were got in readiness, subsistence was
procured, and bed sacks filled, without delay. The army being again in motion, more sick and a multitude of stragglers rushed
in upon us. Our store ships and the hospital transports being up, 1 detailed the Daniel Webster, No. 1, to convey a party of
the worst cases to Boston. These men were ordered to be selected with great care from those in the hospital tents. Two
hundred and sixty was the number to be received. Before one-half this number was sent from the hospital, the ship was
reported full. Stragglers had rushed on board without authority and had taken possession. I sent a brigade surgeon to expel
them, but without avail. I then determined t.o send no more men from the peninsula on account of sickness, if there were any
means of avoiding it. Orders in relation to the selection of cases were useless. I am sure that hundreds of malingerers
niicceeded in deserting their colors on the hospital transports, in spite of every effort of mine to prevent it. The regimental
officers might have prevented it. I could not. After the two hundred and sixty had left on the Daniel Webster, I found ten
hundred and twenty in the hospital tents, and of these, nine hundred were reported to me by the medical officers in charge as
men with such trilling ailments that they should never have been permitted to fall to the rear.
While still at White House, I received a telegram from the front that scurvy had appeared in two brigades of the army,
one of which were the regular troops. I could scarcely credit tiie accuracy of the information. I knew that the brigade had
obeyed the orders issued in relation to the use of vegetables, and the manner of cooking their rations; still I did not think it
prudent to disregard the report, and, accordingly, I telegraphed to Washington for lemons and potash. I procured a few boxes
of lemons from the stores of the sanitary commission at once, and carried them with me to the front. Having set the hospital at
\\hite House in motion, Brigade Surgeon Baxter, in charge, I loaded three wagons with hospital supplies, and, on May 21st,
started once more in pursuit of the army. I found headquarters at Tunstall's Station ; the next day they were advanced to
56 APPENDED DOCUMENTS — PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.
Cold Harbor. Here I investigated the report with regard to scurvy, and found it to be erroneous. I, however, requested (he
Adjutant General to compel the men to use desiccated vegetables, and to make and use soup daily, unless that were rendered
impossible by reason of being actually on the march ; the use of tried fresh meat to be absolutely forbidden, boiled or roasted
beef to be substituted. On the 23d, I returned to White House, and tlie next day proceeded to Yorktown to inspect the hospitals
there. I found them in want of some articles of clothing and bedding, but generally in good order and well managed. One of
these, in the Nelson House, with Miss Dix for housekeeper, was very neat. On my return, I inspected the hospital ships, made
arrangements for completing their equipments, and directed the sanitary commission to send one thousand shirts, three hundred
wrappers, three hundred pairs of slippers, and one thousand sheets to the Yorktown hospital. I then inspected the hospital at
White House, made contracts with nineteen physicians from Massachusetts, sent promptly by Surgeon General W. J. Dale,
in answer to a telegram from me, placed eight of them on duty at White House, and sent the remainder to Yorktown to relieve as
many regimental medical officers, who were forthwith ordered to their regiments. I found stragglers still coming in to the hospital,
some really sick, who said they had been sent by their surgeons. On my return to headquarters, I met one hundred and twenty-
five just coining in to Despatch Station to take the train, sent down in ambulances in direct violation of the standing orders of the
army. I inspected these men on the spot, and sent a number back to their regiments. When I reached my tent. I again brought
this matter to the notice of headquarters, feeling convinced we should soon have no army unless this practice was stopped.
May 27th General F. J. Porter fought and defeated the enemy at Hanover Court-house. In this battle, there were
reported to me sixty-two killed, and two hundred and ten wounded. Of the latter, one hundred and thirty-eight only went
into the hospital. One hundred and twenty-three wounded prisoners fell into our hands.
Ambulances were promptly sent for the wounded, and hospitals prepared for them in William Gaines's and Hogan's
houses and out-houses. Hogan's house being under fire, I was afterwards obliged to remove the wounded prisoners to Doctor
Gaines's buildings. The wounded having been collected and attended to, I requested Colonel Ingalls to order the steamer
Knickerbocker to be in readiness to receive them on May 3()th. I also directed the Elm City to carry four hundred sick from
White House to Yorktown. These boats were in possession of the Sanitary Commission, and neither of them were ready. I
then directed our own boat, the Commodore, to be placed in condition to receive the wounded, and requested Surgeon H. H.
Smith to take the general direction of affairs at that point. I then substituted the Daniel Webster, No. 2, for the Elm City to
convey the sick. This was met by further objection, and I was obliged to reiterate the order peremptorily, with instructions
to the surgeon in charge of the hospital to call upon Colonel Ingalls to direct the embarkation if there was any trouble.
One hundred and four wounded were sent down and received by Dr. Smith on the Commodore that day; of these, forty-
seven were prisoners. It was intended to remove the remainder of the wounded the next day, but a heavy rain coming
on, we were obliged to defer it. That day, at 2 P. M., the enemy attacked our left flank at Fair Oaks. The action lasted till
nightfall. It was resumed the next morning, and continued till 11 A. M. Immediately after the commencement of the battle, the
boats at White House were ordered to be in readiness to receive the wounded. Surgeons were placed on board those in need
of them; other surgeons, volunteer and contract, of whom I had a supply at White House, were brought up to the field depots.
The transportation of the wounded was begun that night and kept up steadily until completed. This was accomplished by the 7th
of June. I never received complete returns of the losses in this action. In Keyes's corps, three hundred and eighty -two were
killed, and one thousand seven hundred and thirty-one wounded. In Sumner's, the wounded were about one thousand, and,
in Heintzelman's, seven hundred and fifty. The whole number sent from White House by the steamers was three thousand
five hundred and eighty. Of these, one hundred and sixty-seven were conveyed to Philadelphia by the William Whilden.
June 8th, a skirmish took place in front of Sumner's position, in which we had four killed and twenty-three wounded.
During all this time, there were, of course, some men sick in the field hospitals; it was perceived that they would be more and
more in the way as new conflicts occurred, and it became necessary to devise some means of getting them to the rear. For this
purpose, I directed the establishment at Yorktown to be enlarged to the capacity of two thousand five hundred, or three thousand
beds, so that I might relieve White House hospital, and keep it clear for an emergency. * * I \\-as in hopes I should have
received before this the four hundred hospital tents I had asked for while we were at Yorktown. About one-half of them
arrived the middle of June. I requested General Van Vliet to have one hundred pitched at White House for an extension of
that hospital, and to deposit seventy-five at Savage's and Fair Oaks Stations for use in another battle. * * June 19th, I
authorized Mr. F. L. Olmstead to fill the Steamer Daniel Webster, No. 1, and the steamer Spalding from the White House
and Yorktown hospitals, and to proceed with them to New York.
A very large number of rebels, killed at Fair Oaks, were interred by our troops ; yet many were left unburied. They
had fallen in the woods, or had been carried thither, and escaped observation. In the course of time, the remains were so
offensive as to seriously discommode our camps. Disinfectants were sent to be strewn over the grounds, and every exertion
was made to abate this evil. Still it had not entirely ceased when we left the vicinity.
June 14th, scurvy was again reported as having appeared in Sumner's corps. I sent an able medical officer to investigate
it, who found six cases in the 19th and 20th Massachusetts regiments, and several others " acquiring the predisposition to the
At this time, I found it necessary to ask that so much of General Orders 102, March 19th, 1862, as authorized
commanders of corps to grant leaves of absence for fifteen days to medical officers, should be rescinded. Fifteen days would
take them home, but it was a rare thing to find them at their posts at the expiration of it. Notwithstanding we had under
contract nearly a hundred civilian physicians, the regiments were scarcely much better provided than when we began to fill
vacancies in this way. Several of the contract physicians themselves soon repented of their bargains and begged to be relieved.
As their contracts could be determined at their own pleasure, I could only refuse to terminate them myself, but could not prevent
:ieir doing so. To obviate this inconvenience for a reasonable time, at least, I wrote to the Surgeon General to request him, for
iiture, to stipulate with these gentlemen that they should not terminate their contracts in less than three months. My
suggestion was adopted, und we were thus enabled to retain several who would otherwise have left us.
Desiring to leave nothing undone that would promote and preserve the health of the army at this critical period, I
solved to call upon the whole body of medical officers for their opinions and advice. For this purpose, I addressed to the
EEPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR TRIPLER. 57
medical directors a circular, under date of June 18th. I received, before the final conflicts, reports from several of these, and all
agree that nothing of any consequence had been left undone that the medical department could do. Better shelter for the men,
less work, and, in a few instances, new clothing was all that seemed to be wanting. June 12th, the headquarters were removed
to the right bank of the Chickahominy, near Dr. Trent's house. Some firing and shelling took place from day to day, but without
any damage to us. On the 13th, the enemy made a raid to our rear, doing hut little harm; our railway communications were
not interrupted. On the 15th, the roads then, for the first time, admitting of it, I succeeded in transferring the remainder of
the Hanover wounded to the floating hospitals at White House. June 10th, I took measures for providing a receiving hospital
for the wounded at Savage's Station, the headquarters of General Heintzelman. Doc-tor Swinburne, of Albany, New York, a
surgeon known to me by reputation, and one who had rendered some service at White House and Fair Oaks, having reported to
me, under contract, I directed him to prepare this depot under the supervision of Surgeon Milhau, medical director of Heintzel-
man's corps. Every facility was given Doctor Swinburne for this purpose ; large details of men, all the tents we could command,
abundance of subsistence stores. There were several out-houses at the station that were directed to be vacated ; some sick in
them belonging to Keyes's corps were transferred to VV^hite House. An ice-house, near Savage's house, was filled with ice. In
twelve days, with a detail of one hundred men, or as many of them as chose to report, Doctor Swinburne succeeded in getting
the buildings cleaned, twenty-five tents pitched, two or three cauldrons for making soup, in position, water casks prepared and
filled with water, hospital stores and dressings, and was prepared to receive the wounded. June 17th, six hundred sick were
ordered from White House to Yorktown, to make room for wounded I expected soon to be called upon to provide for. The
same day the medical officers were ordered again to provide themselves with portable soup. Tents were also ordered to be
pitched near the railway terminus at White House, for the reception of wounded upon the arrival of the cars. On the 2(.'th, I
visited White House again and inspected the arrangements. I met there Mr. Brunot, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, who had come
on with a party of well qualified nurses, to offer their services. No more devoted band ; none, perhaps, so devoted, had ever
presented themselves. I quartered them temporarily upon the hospital steamer Louisiana. At the right time, they repaired to
Savage's Station, performed ever memorable service, and crowned their self-sacrifice by cheerfully remaining with the wounded
we were obliged to leare in the hands of the enemy when we retired to James River.
Returning to headquarters on June 21st, I sent Doctor D. L. Rogers, of New York, who had rejoined me some days
before, the hospital at Williamsburg having been broken up, to the left bank of the Chickahominy, to evacuate upon White
House all the field hospitals upon that side. This duty was zealously performed, and all that could be removed was removed.
From this time events hurried on with great rapidity. I sent an order to the purveyor at White House to send a large
quantity of supplies to Savage's Station. By telegraph, I received the reply that all was packed up and the boat ordered to
fall back to West Point. This was exceedingly vexatious. We were tolerably well supplied, and I had, as before reported, a
reserve of three wagon loads in my own camp; nevertheless, this misunderstanding was a great disappointment, and caused me
much anxiety. In a few days the boat returned. As soon as I heard of this, I repeated my order of June '27th, and telegraphed
to the sanitary commission to send up supplies. The effort was made, but too late. On the 28th, our communications were cut
off. I received nothing from below but some hospital tents, and they came in just in time to be burnt, or to fall into the hands of
the enemy. On the 25th, we had a smart skirmish on our left. The wounded, who were very few, were sent to White House.
On the 26th, General McCall fought at Mechanicsville. His division had joined on .Tune 18th. I could not succeed in getting
a report from it of any sort. The sick were sent into the camp at headquarters without notice, without a report, a nurse, or a
crust of bread. I was obliged to send them to Savage's Station to occupy room I wanted for wounded men. On the 27th,
General Porter fought at Gaines's Mill. Ambulances were sent, and his wounded were brought in to Savage's Station. The
cars were kept in motion, and as many as could be sent down were sent to the floating hospitals. A large train was loaded at
10 A. M. on the 28th, when we found that the railway was in possession of the enemy, and I was reluctantly compelled to take
the men back to the hospital. All this time, the services of every one that could be commanded were employed in attending to
the wounded. There were about thirteen hundred in the tents, buildings, and on the lawn. My assistants, Doctors
McClellan and Greenleaf, with some of Mr. Brunot's party, were most active and efficient in providing for the refreshment and
subsistence of the wounded. Surgeon A. K. Smith, of the army, with Doctor J. Swinburne, and a number of medical
officers of volunteers and contract physicians were employed in the necessary operations and dressings. No exertions seemed
to be too great, no fatigue too exhausting, for the self sacrificing zeal of every one of these gentlemen. In the afternoon, I
received orders to leave all that could not walk, with a supply of surgeons, nurses, subsistence, and hospital stores, to fall into
the hands of the enemy. I caused the wounded to be carefully examined, and six hundred and fifty were reported to me as
unable to move. A number of these, however, did contrive to get off and to march to James River in safety. I then called for
volunteers to remain with the wounded, and, to the credit of the medical gentlemen, be it said, all that I wanted immediately
expressed their readiness to undertake the duty. • One of them, Doctor H. J. Milnor, of New York, lost his life from exhaustion
in this self-abnegation.
Doctor Swinburne having had the organization of the hospitals, I constituted him chief of the party, and furnished him
with a letter to the Confederate commander, in these words:
" HEADQUAUTKKS ARMY OF POTOMAC, June 28th, 1862.
To the Commanding General of the Confederate Forces, or Commanding Ojficer :
Doctor Swinburne, a volunteer surgeon, with a number of other surgeons, nurses, and attendants, have been left in
charge of the sick and wounded of this army who could not be removed. Their humane occupation commends itself, under
the law of nations, to the kind consideration of the opposing forces. It is requested that they may be free to return as soon as
tlic discharge of their duties with the sick and wounded will permit, and that the same consideration shown to the Confederate
sick, wounded, and medical officers, that have been captured by our forces, may be extended to them. A large amount of
clothing, bedding, medical stores, &c., have been left, both at Savage's Station and Doctor Trent's house.
By command of Major General MC-CLKLLAN.
CIIAKI.KS S. Tuii'LKi:,
Sun/ton ami Mcdii-al hirvctor .Irnu/ of Pofoiiiar.'"
8
5g APPENDED DOCUMENTS PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.
On the morning of June 29th, the headquarters moved in the direction of James River, and arrived at Haxall's Landing
the next day. The actions at Savage's Station, White Oak Swamp, and Halve-in Hill occurred in quick succession. So far as
circumstances would admit, the wounded were conducted, or found their way, to this point, to Carter's, and to Harrison's Bar.
To the hitter position, the headquarters were transferred in the night of July 1st. The next day a heavy rain fell, deluging our
wounded, many of whom had no shelter. Some of our hospital ships having reached Harrison's Bar at that time, I procured a
lighter from the quartermaster, and commenced shipping the wounded; but I was obliged to suspend this operation by orders
from yourself, as the wharf was absolutely necessary for landing subsistence stores. Every thing possible, however, was done for
the comfort of the wounded; tea, coffee, soup, and stimulants were being constantly prepared and issued. My train of reserve
stores had happily succeeded in reaching the position, and the supplies held out until we were able to get more from the purveyor's
store-ship in the river. On July 3d, my successor, Dr. Lettermun, having reported, I turned over the department to him.
The reports of killed and wounded in this series of conflicts, I presume, were made to Dr. Letterman; I left the army
before there was time to prepare them.
During this campaign, the army was favored with excellent health; no epidemic disease appeared. Those scourges of
modem armies, dysentery, typhus, cholera, were almost unknown. We had some typhoid fever, and more malarial fevers; but
even these never prevailed to such an extent as to cause any alarm. The sick reports were something larger than we had hoped
to have them, but the greater majority of the cases reported were such as did not threaten life or permanent disability.
In reflecting upon the history of the medical administration of the army ot the Potomac, many defects are perceived. Some
of them may be remedied in the future ; others, I fear, can not be. For the first time, the United States has assembled very large
armies ; our staff system has been severely tried. ' I am not called upon, nor am I prepared to say, whether the other departments
have proved successes or failures. My own department was neither a complete success nor a very decided failure. The most
serious impediment in the way of its success was, undoubtedly, the want of military habits and training in the medical officers.
The general impression among the people seems to he that a good civilian physician is fully competent to discharge the duties of
a regimental surgeon ; and I have no idea that anything I can pay will be effective in disabusing the public mind of a notion that
I believe to be as mischievous as it is erroneous. In my opinion, it is impossible to improvise an efficient medical staff; no nation in
the world, except our own, has ever attempted it. So little was known among us about a medical department for an army when
the present rebellion grew serious, that in the first project for a grand army, one assistant surgeon only was provided for a
regiment of twelve hundred men; and, so little importance was attached to his position and character, that all sorts of
doctors, even advertising quacks, were sometimes commissioned as medical officers ; men, innocent of any such vulgar
acquirement as orthography; men, who had never even seen, much less performed, a surgical operation. The great majority of
the medical officers were certainly highly respectable members of the profession ; but still there were enough of the ignorant or
illiterate to prove what I have said : that, so far as the public notion of what was required for a medical officer was concerned,
almost any one was considered competent to perform the duties of a military surgeon. I see no remedy for this unless
a large permanent staff' is hereafter kept up. In so vast an establishment as the Army of the i'otomac, without a rigid
adherence to system, nothing could have been accomplished. It would have been impossible to supply it ; to know whether it
was supplied or not; to reduce its supplies to a minimum bulk so that they could be transported ; so to limit the extent of the
trains that the supply wagons should be accessible. Now this system was derisively termed " red tape," and medical men,
fresh from civil life, who ought to have been learners, were encouraged by so-called philanthropists to disregard a restraint
they found irksome, and to assert a practical independence of it as a work of a strong will. By firmness, and the aid of the
better instructed brigade surgeons, a fair progress was made in controlling and corn cling this evil; but there were some
medical officers who were incorrigible.
Transportation for medical supplies was provided but, as we have seen, these were in many instances left behind
under the plea of want of transportation. The colonels took the doctor's wagon to carry other baggage; at least, that
was the excuse offered. Want of discipline was seriously felt in the difficulty of getting reports from the medical officers. It
was inconvenient to make them; inconvenient to send them in; the necessity for them was not apparent. The habit of
obedience to orders, whether the reason for them is comprehended or not, is one of slow growth, and particularly among
medical men brought up in civil life. I never could get complete reports, even while we were in Washington. After we took
the field, that difficulty was much increased. Still, for the successful administration of the department, these reports were
absolutely necessary. There was unquestionably a deficiency of hospital tents upon the Peninsula; but, if all that were issued
to the regiments at Washington had been carefully transported by them, they would have had enough. The tents were left
behind in many instances, both on the I'otomac and at Yorktovvn. Want of transportation was again the excuse. Some
one will ask, ' Why were not the medical officer's who were derelict arrested, tried, or dismissed 2' How much better off' should
e have been with that resort? Who were to take their places? When would they reach us? Would the new staff' have
ecu any better than the old, appointed under the same auspices, drawn from the same sources, and with no experience at all*
a fault was not with them ; it was the fault of the system. Original vice cannot be atoned for, nor its consequences averted,
"The evils which flow from injudicious counsels can seldom be removed by the application of partial severities."
; failure of the medical department of the Army of the I'otomac to meet a just public expectation, if it did so fail, which I
dispute, was due to a deficiency in the number of officers, to the denial to them of a proper official position, they being consid
ered only as " doctors," to be called upon to prescribe for a man reporting sick, but not authorized to meddle in any way with
the police customs of the camps, or to insist on any measure for the preservation of the health of the men; to their not being
permitted to control the means of transportation furnished to them, and to the professional incompetency of a certain number
of the officers. * *
cannot close this report without expressing my appreciation of the conspicuous services of Surgeons J. F. Hammond,
3rown, and J. J. Milhau, the medical directors of Generals Sumner's, Reyes's, and Heintzehnan's corps; Surgeon 11. H.
al purveyor; Surgeon A. K. Smith, and Assistant Surgeons E. McClellan, and C. R. Greenleaf, my own aids.
1 am justified in asserting that there was no duty that these officers were called upon to perform that was not well and
Appendix to PartI,Med.&. Surg. History of the Rebellion .
K MAP of Ae OPERATIONS
OF THE
ARMY OFTHE POTOMAC
before
RICHMOND,
Dttj-ifi,^ Maty, tfune c*n<i
SUB-REPORTS OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR TRIPLER. 59
promptly done; that their zeal never faltered ; their ability never failed. If my department was conducted to your satisfaction,
the efforts of these gemlemen contributed most essentially to that result. Among the volunteer medical officers, in my opinion,
Brigade Surgeons Lyman, Crosby, Baxter, Bentley, and Dougherty deserve special notice for their ability and efficiency.
I am, General, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
CHARLES S. TRIPLER,
Surgeon U. S. Army, Medical Director Army of Potomac.
To Major General GEORGE B. McCi.ELLAN, U. S. Army,
Commanding General Army of Potomac."
XL VI. Memorandum of Instructions to Inspectors of Hospitals in the Army of the Potomac,
given by command of General G. B. McClellan. By Surgeon C. S. TKIPLEB, U. S. A.,
Medical Director of the Army of the Potomac.
"Inspectors of hospitals assigned to duty with the Army of the Potomac will proceed to the camps of such
divisions of the army as they may be directed to visit, and will institute careful and rigid inspections as to the following points :
1st. Whether there is a brigade surgeon on duty with each brigade; his name and date of commission ; whether he is active,
competent, and attentive- to his duties? : * 2(\. Whether each regiment * * is provided with a surgeon and assistant
surgeon ; whether they are present and for duty with their regiments ; or, if absent, by what authority, for what reason,
and how long? 3d. The number of hospital tents received, and from what source ; whether they are used for the sick ; or it
diverted to any other use, by what authority this was done ? Whether the hospital tents are properly located, sufficiently
wanned and ventilated, furnished with bunks and bedding, and properly policed? 4th. Whether a competent hospital steward
and a sufficient number of hospital attendants are attached to each regiment, and if they are well selected? 5th. How many
men are sick in hospital ; how many in quarters; what are the prevailing diseases in each? 6th. Whether there is a brigade
hospital ; if so, how it is situated and served as to stewards and attendants ? The character of building, its condition
of repair, and its provision of bunks and bedding should also be noted, and the following questions answered : Can it be
advantageously dispensed with 'I Should any of the patients be sent to the general hospitals? How many patients does it
contain, and what are the diseases ? Is the building sufficiently ventilated and warmed f 7th. What is the condition ot
medicines, hospital stores, instruments, and dressings ? Are they sufficient to enable the regiment to take the field ? If deficient,
in what respect 1 Has any record been kept of the supply received ? Have they been judiciously and faithfully used ? 8th. Has
the hospital-fund account been kept in accordance with orders, and if not, who is responsible for the neglect? 9th. How many
and what kind of ambulances are on hand I What is their condition ? From what source were they received ? Is their use
strictly confined to the transportation of the sick, and to the ambulance drills i If not, who is to blame? 10th. Are the records
of hospitals properly kept ? Do the surgeons send in their weekly reports ? llth. What is the condition of the camp? Is it
well located '( If not, can its location be advantageously changed ? Is it well drained and well policed ? Are the tents in good
order and well ventilated ? l'2th. Are the men well clothed ? Are their persons kept clean ? 13th. How is the cooking done ?
Are the messes inspected, and by whom ? Are the provisions good ? 14th. Are the men's sinks properly located and attended
to ? 15th. What means are resorted to for warming the camps, and are they effective ? Ib'th. What is the strength of the
regiment ? 17th. What is the general sanitary condition of the regiment? How many would have to be sent to the general
hospital if the regiment were ordered to march ? Upon all these points a systematic report will be made to the medical director
immediately after each inspection. Where the inspectors perceive hygienic errors to exist, they will call the attention of the
proper authority to them at once, and state in the report of inspection that they have done so. The inspectors will also
examine medical officers in relation to their duties, ascertaining whether they understand them, taking the Regulations as their
guide. They will instruct the medical officers in their duties, being careful to correct any errors, and to point out to them the
scope and correct manner of performing their duties. The surgeon's call should be beaten in the presence of the inspector, to
enable him to judge whether the routine of duty is understood, and to decide whether the men attending surgeon's call correspond
with the official reports, and whether they are judiciously treated. The inspector will also institute an inquiry into the cases of
the men who are recommended for discharge. The number of certificates sent to headquarters indicate either great facility in
granting these discharges or -great carelessness in the inspection of the men at the time of their enlistment. It is the desire of
the General that a thorough medical inspection of the army be made as speedily as possible, that no possible deficiency may
exist in the medical department when the army advances upon the enemy; and to this end he commands all officers, of whatever
rank, to afford the inspectors of hospitals every facility in conducting their inspections."
XL VII. Memorandum of Instructions to Brigade Surgeons of Volunteers of the Army of
the Potomac, promulgated by Command of General G. JL McClellan ; being General
Order JVo. 30, Headquarters of the Army of the Potomac, October ?>d, 1801.
"The following regulations respecting the duties of Brigade Surgeons are published for the government of all concerned:
1. The brigade surgeons will frequently inspect the police, cooking, clothing, and cleanliness of the camps and men in
their respective brigades; the position and condition of the sinks; the drainage of the campgrounds; the ventilation of the
tents, etc.; making written reports to the brigade commanders whenever, in their opinion, any errors in these respects require
correction, and sending duplicates of these reports to the medical director of the army.
2. They will see that the medicines, hospital stores, instruments, and dressings of the several regimental surgeons are
kept constantly sufficient in quantity, in good order, and always ready for active service.
50 APPENDED DOCUMENTS PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.
3. Tliov will collect from the several regimental surgeons, and transmit every Saturday morning to the medical director,
a copy of their morning report made to the commanding officers of their regiments, and will accompany these with remarks
showing the character of the principal diseases prevailing.
4. They will promptly report to the medical director all changes in station, or location of themselves, or any of the
medical officers in their brigades, with the number, date, and authority of the order by which such changes were made.
5. Thev will inspect carefully all men receiving certificates of disability for discharge, and, if they approve, they will
countersign such certificates.
6. The hospital attendants, to the number of ten men to a regiment, and the regimental bands will be assembled under
the supervision of the brigade surgeons, and will be drilled one hour each day, except Sunday, by the regimental medical
officers, in setting up and dismantling the hand stretchers, litters, and ambulances; in handling men carefully, placing them
upon the litters and ambulance beds, putting them into the ambulances, taking them out, etc.; carrying men upon the hand
stretchers, observing that the leading bearer steps off with the left foot, and the rear bearer with the right; in short, in every
thing that can render this service effective and the most comfortable for the wounded who are to be transported.
7. Brigade surgeons will see that the orders of the commanding general, in relation to the uses to which ambulances
are to be applied, are strictly obeyed, and they will report promptly to the brigade commanders all infractions of these orders.
8. Whenever a skirmish or affair of outposts occurs, in which any portion of their brigades is engaged, they will see
that the ambulances and stretchers, properly manned with the drilled men, are in immediate attendance to bring off the
wounded, and that the regimental medical officers are at their posts with their instruments, dressings, and hospital knapsacks in
complete order and ready for immediate use, so that no delay may occur in rendering the necessary surgical aid to the wounded.
9. They will report in writing to the medical director, within twenty-four hours after any affair with the enemy, the
name, rank, and regiment of each of the wounded; the situation of the wound, and the surgical means adopted in the case.
10. Brigade surgeons will be held responsible that the hospital service in their brigades is kept constantly effective and
in readiness for any emergency. No remissness in this respect will be tolerated or overlooked.
By command of Major General McCL.EL.LAN.
(Signed) S. WILLIAMS,
OFFICIAL. Assistant Adjutant General.
NOTE. — The medical director desires that exsection of the shoulder and elbow-joints shall be resorted to, in preference to
amputation, in all cases offering a reasonable hope of success, and that PirogofTs operation at the ankle should be preferred to
Chopart's, or to amputation above the ankle, in cases that might admit of a choice."
XLVIIL Extract from General Order No. 9, from the Headquarters of the Army of the
Potomac, in relation to the Duties of Commissaries of Subsistence in connection with
Brigade and Regimental Hospitals.
"Subsistence officers must make issues to the hospitals and keep the accounts of hospital funds in strict
conformity with the requirements of the Regulations [Par. 1073, 1074, 1075]. * * Leaves of absence to medical officers
are prohibited, unless granted from these headquarters. ' Patients will not be sent from the regimental to the general
hospital without the authority of the medical director. Applications for this authority must be made in writing, specifying the
names and diseases of the patients, and be handed in to the office of the medical director between the hours of 9 and 10 A. M.
The reveille will not be beaten until after sunrise, and hot coffee will be issued to the troops immediately after reveille
roll-call, as a preventive of the effects of malaria."
XLIX. Extracts from a Report to the Surgeon General on the Sanitary Condition of the
Army of the Potomac in November and December, 1862. By Surgeon C. S. TKIPLEE,
U. S. A., Medical Director.
Until October, 1861, but a small proportion of the regiments made reports, and. few with sufficient accuracy
to be considered useful or reliable. As the medical officers learn more of their duties, greater punctuality is observed in this
respect. I received for October, reports from one hundred and twenty-nine regiments, seven battalions, fourteen batteries, and
eight general hospitals. The aggregate strength of the force from which these reports were received was one hundred and
itecn thousand seven hundred and sixty-three. Of these, thirty-eight thousand two hundred and forty-eight were under
treatment during the month in the field and general hospitals; twenty-seven thousand nine hundred and eighty-three were
returned to duty; two hundred and ninety-five died, and seven thousand four hundred and forty-three remained under
treatment at the end of the month; five hundred and ten were discharged on surgeons' certificates of disability. These men
never should have been enlisted. They were simply impositions upon the government, and were received through the careless-
ss or incompetency of the recruiting or inspecting officers. The same remarks may apply to those who will be presently
noticed as having been discharged in November. The rates of the sick remaining at the end* of the month to the whole force
5.07 per centum ; the ratio of deaths is 3.0:5 per centum per annum. For the month of November, I have reports from
one hundred and fifty-six regiments, six battalions, twenty batteries, and eight general hospitals. From the division
commanded by General Dix, I have no reports. The aggregate strength of the forces from which I have received reports is
e hundred and forty-two thousand five hundred and seventy-seven. Of these, forty-seven thousand eight hundred and thirty-
x have been under treatment in the field and general hospitals; thirty-five thousand nine hundred and fifteen of whom have
een returned to duty, and two hundred and eighty-one have died; nine thousand two hundred and eighty-one remained under
SUB-REPORTS OF MEDICAL DIEECTOR TRIPLER. Gl
treatment at the end of the month ; six hundred and eighteen have been discharged upon surgeons' certificates of disability.
The number remaining is considered the constant diminution of force due to sickness. This is 6.5 per centum. Of these,
however, more than one-half are probably capable of taking the field, and would do so in case of an advance or an attack.
The proportion of serious cases to the whole number treated is about one-third, and this I should consider as the true number
of the sick who would be unfit for any duty at any given time. This would give 2.3 per centum as inefficient.
The deaths in November were two hundred and eighty-one, which gives a mortality for the whole force of 2.36 per centum
per annum. The diseases from which our men have suffered most have been continued remittent and typhoid fevers, measles,
diarrhoea, dysentery, and the various forms of catarrh. Of all the scourges incident to armies in the field, I suppose that
chronic diarrhoea and dysentery have always been the most prevalent and the most fatal. In this army, they are almost
unknown. We have but two hundred and eighty cases of chronic diarrhoea, and sixty-nine of chronic dysentery, reported in
the mouth of November. No other army that has ever taken the field can show such a record. We have one thousand three
hundred and thirty-one cases of measles repoiied in November. This disease almost invariably appears among irregular troops
in a few weeks after they are assembled in camp. The regiments in which these cases have occurred are those recently arrived.
Most of them reached Washington with the disease prevailing. It has been, generally, of a mild form, soon running through
the regiment, and then disappearing. I do not consider its propagation, under the circumstances, as due to contagion. On the
contrary, it springs np from local causes, to which all the men are equally exposed, and those susceptible become its subjects, as
a matter of course. Among regular troops, it is very rarely seen. Of fevers of all sorts, we have had seven thousand nine
hundred and thirty-two cases. Of these, four thousand and fifty-one were remittents and typhoids. The proportion of the
latter to the former is stated to be one to two and three tenths. I have every reason to believe that this is greatly exaggerated
by errors in diagnoses. I do not look upon typhoid fever, to the extent it has prevailed in this army, as being of any great
moment. From the reports of inspectors of hospitals, so far as inspections have yet been made, I am satisfied this disease,
if it ever prevailed to that extent, is now considerably declining. The regiments that have suffered most from fevers in
November have been the Vermont, one from Maine, one or two from Pennsylvania, and one from Indiana. In all these
regiments, disease is now sensibly abating, and we have every reason to hope that in a few months their sanitary condition will
be equally as good as that of the rest of the army. I think there is abundant reason to be satisfied with the progress that has
been made in this army in introducing something of a system of hygienic precautions; in instructing its medical officers in their
duties; in keeping them supplied. with sufficient medicines, hospital stores, and instruments; in exacting from them a proper
accountability for public property, and insisting upon its being used with economy ; in preventing the army from being
burdened with articles that, however convenient they may be, are not absolutely necessary, and cannot be transported in any
possible supply train when the men are required to march ; in requiring reports, at short intervals, of the sanitary condition of
the regiments, and in instituting regular and thorough sanitary inspections by officers of experience of the medical department
of the army, who are competent to peifoim that duty; who understand what is necessary and what superfluous, and upon
whose reports we can undertake to correct errors and abuses understandingly. The result of this great effort is seen in the
statistics above recorded. While the ratio of cases of disease to the whole force does not differ for the two months reported,
the ratio of mortality is sixty-seven per centum per annum less in November than October. Important information is being
constantly received from the inspectors of hospitals as to all matters relating to the comfort and health of the troops, thus
affording opportunities for correcting errors and irregularities wherever they may be found to exist."
L. Extracts from a Report to General G. B. McClellan on the Hospitals of the Army of the
Potojnac. in December, 1861, and January, 1862. By Surgeon C. S. TRIPLER, U. S. A.,
Medical Director.
" In obedience to instructions, I have the honor to report what I conceive to be the true state of the hospitals of this
army. I hasten to present this letter, in anticipation of the completion of all the inspections ordered.
The importance of the subject seems to me to demand this, to allay unnecessary apprehensions, and to afford an
opportunity for correcting existing irregularities, as well as to offer suggestions as to the means of preventing, as far as
practicable, any increase of disease during the winter and spring.
I have observed some regiments, after arriving here in wretched sanitary condition, that have steadily improved, until their
sick lists would compare favorably with the rest. This might be accounted for by acclimation ; by improvement in discipline
and police; by acquaintance with the wants of a soldier in camp. But other troops, and those, too, from particular sections of
country, have not improved. The Vermont regiments in General Urooks's brigade are examples of this. They give us the
largest ratio of sick of all the troops in this army, and that ratio lias not essentially varied for the last three months. They
suffered in the first place from measles, sharing the lot of all irregular troops. Since then, they have been the subjects of
remittent and typhoid fevers. Surgeon C. C. Keeney, U. S. A., reports the police, clothing, and tents of all these regiments
as good, with the exception of those of the 2d and 3d regiments, which, strange to say, are in decidedly the best sanitary
condition. * The camping ground of the 3d Vermont Volunteers is bad. The soil is clay, the face of the country rolling;
but presenting many plains sufficiently extensive for camps. * * We are now called upon to guard against the diseases of
winter and spring. The principal diseases we have to fear are typhus and typhoid fevers and pneumonia. These diseases prevail
in this district during the present and the approaching season. A heady a number of cases have occurred. These diseases
arise from fiml air, bad clothing, imperfect shelter, exposure to cold and wet. and imperfectly drained and badly policed camps.
The indispensable conditions for securing the health of men in the field are. good clothing, good food, and good water, dry camp
grounds, and an abundant supply of pure air. For the shelter of our men, we are to choose between tents and huts. 1 here are
clusters of buildings within our limits that might be occupied bv our troops ; but, having been erected for a diHerent purpose,
they are in nowise adapted to this. They are ill constructed and ill ventilated. I should prefer, if it is practicable, that the
62 APPENDED DOCUMENTS — PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.
troops should be sheltered by the Chester hut used at Balaklava. These huts, with the independent roof ventilation, were
found well adapted fur hospitals, as well as quarters, and the results of their employment were altogether satisfactory. But it
will take time to erect these, and our necessities seem to be too pressing to admit of this delay. They might, however, be put
up to some extent in the worst of our camping grounds, if military necessity requires that our men shall be kept in those
positions. Next to these .huts, I would invite attention again to the plan of improving our tents that I recommended in
December last: by building a pen of logs and slabs the size of the base of the tent some three feet high, and then securing the
tent upon this as a roof. This plan is now in use in several camps, and, whenever it has been adopted, it has been found to
contribute very much to the comfort, of the men. In some of the camps, pits have been dug as in the Crimea, and tents placed
ever them. This I condemned emphatically. I should add that, in my opinion, board floors should be furnished to all the
tents, and fresh straw or hay for the men to sleep upon. These tents must not be overcrowded, as is a common and pernicious
practice in all armies. The ventilation of tents, a more difficult matter than is generally supposed, should be secured by
windows, as they are termed, in the tent roofs, and by frequently opening the tent doors, or keeping them open during the day.
The tent foundation should not be allowed to be banked up with dirt. There can never be a dry soil under the tent floors where
this practice obtains. Most of the subsoil upon the banks'of the Potomac is of clay. This is particularly observed in camps
presenting the largest sick reports, and, therefore, the greater attention is required to be paid to drainage. I do not believe
such a soil can be drained sufficiently to dispense with floors to the tents. But, to secure as good a drainage as ^practicable, I
would recommend that each company street should be surrounded by a ditch not less than a foot deep ; the ditch to be four feet
from the tents. Ditches of a few inches depth should surround the tents and lead to the main ditches. The floors of the tents
should be raised at least three inches from the ground ; lime or charcoal should be strewn beneath, and the floors laid without
pinning, that it may be readily taken up, and the ground under it policed.
Pure air cannot exist in camp without good police regulations. I recommend that all impurities collected in the camps
shall be buried not less than a foot below the surface. In cavalry camps, the manure must be got rid of in some way, or the
men will get sick. Camping grounds long occupied get saturated with putrescent exhalations that engender and aggravate
disease. A change of camp diminishes an endemic until a new saturation of the soil renews the source of disease. This was
exemplified in General Brooks's brigade. A change of camp seemed to have checked the endemic in a regiment, yet gradually
it reappeared. The camping ground of Colonel Berdan's sharpshooters should be changed, for its drainage is bad. This
regiment is suffering from measles, followed by lung complications. A dry camp is necessary for the command. If a suitable
ground is selected, and the tents are pitched as I have suggested, I should anticipate favorable results. I recommend an
immediate change of the camp grounds of the brigades that show an excessive proportion of sick ; that these grounds shall be
selected with relation to their suitable drainage and exposure, both to storms and to malaria. The food of the men is good, and
they are gradually improving in cookery. Severe dysenteries or diarrhoeas are rare in our camps. The clothing of the men is
generally good. I think deficiencies in this respect have nothing to do with the fevers that scourge the Vermont troops. If it
Avere practicable, it would be desirable that our men should be furnished with high water-proof boots, that their feet and legs
might be kept dry when conipelled to walk through the deep mud of the Virginia side of the Potomac. I recommended that,
in September, hot coffee should be issued to the men immediately after reveille. This was ordered. I doubt whether the order
is now observed, but I think the matter so important that the order might be advantageously reiterated. Picket duty involves
great exposure at this season. The shelter tents might be used much to the comfort of the soldier on outpost. I would give a
whiskey ration twice a day to men thus exposed, and they -certainly should be furnished with the high boots I have suggested.
They could have a comparatively dry bivouac by using rubber blankets to lie upon. I think if we do all this, or as much of it
as possible, we shall have done all we can to secure the health of our men. It may not meet the whole difficulty in the case of
the Vermont troops, but it will alleviate it. I fear there is a nostalgic element affecting this brigade unfavorably. This cannot
be remedied while the spectacle of their sick and dying comrades is before them. We shall diminish disease by the course I
have pointed out, and this will act favorably upon the other men. The process of acclimation has been more tedious in these
troops than in any other; but now the sickness in these regiments occurs among the recruits mainly, and those longest here are
the healthiest. While upon this subject, I ask leave to suggest, that it is advisable to forbid soldiers coming into the cities of
Washington and Georgetown, unless upon duty, with written orders. Small-pox is quite prevalent in those cities, and I have
reason to believe that cases that have occurred of late have originated from exposure in town. Eevaccination has been practiced
as generally as practicable among our troops, yet cases of variola still occur. Men have the disease who have been vaccinated
and revaccinated very recently. Such occurrences impair our confidence in the immunity afforded by vaccination. I know
no means of preventing them except to keep our men out of the way of infection altogether. I also earnestly recommend that
all recruits intended for the army shall be revaccinated before they leave the rendezvous where they are enlisted to join their
regiments. Hundreds of recruits have joined this army lately who have never been vaccinated. * * It is notoriously unsafe
to travel over any railroad in the country, at the present day, unprotected by vaccination."
LI. Instructions to Medical Directors of Army Corps of the Army of the Potomac. By
Surgeon CHARLES S. TKJPLER, U. 8. A., Medicul Director of the Army of the Potomac.
" Having been assigned as medical director of the Army Corps of General , you will please to observe the
following instructions :
I have reason to believe great improvidence exists in relation to the accumulation, care, and expenditure of medicines
and hospital stores. You will require brigade and other senior surgeons in your corps to inspect personally the supplies of the
several regiments or detachments under their supervision, and to certify to you that they have done so, and find the supplies
already furnished to have been faithfully and economically used, and that any new supply required is really necessary before
you approve a requisition. After you have rigorously scrutinized these requisitions, you will endorse your action upon them,
and then forward them to this office. You will specially forbid any requisition to be sent to this office directly, or through any
SUB-REPORTS OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR TRIPLER. 63
other channel than yourself. None will be noticed or supplied by me unless thus transmitted. You will inspect frequently
the several commands under your supervision, and see that their hospital departments are kept in perfect order, and
always ready for any emergency. It will be a never ending source of mortification, if, in the approaching conflicts, anything
really necessary for the proper care of the wounded that the medical department has the power to supply, shall be found
wanting. There is a disposition among inexperienced medical officers to accumulate superfluous drugs, and to transport them
to the exclusion even of surgical appliances of infinitely inure importance. It will be your duty to watch and guard carefully
against this error. When your corps is ordered to move, there will be, of course, some men unable to march. These must be
left in the general hospital. Upon the late march to Fairfax, a large number of men were sent into the general hospital. In a
great many instances, these men were selected without any judgment. Hundreds were received with no disease that should
have excused them from duty. Your attention is called to this, that you may take vigorous measures to prevent such an abuse
in future. Instructions for medical officers in battle have been prepared and issued from headquarters. You will
endeavor to carry these into effect, and see that the officers concerned are instructed in the several duties therein assigned to
them. The reports required to be made by chief medical officers of divisions will be made through you, and transmitted with
as little delay as practicable. You will make a monthly return of the medical officers of your corps to me. You will see that
the monthly reports of sick and wounded are promptly made out at the end of each month, and handed to you to be transmitted
to me. You need not consolidate these, but send them all to me without delay. You will see that the weekly reports of the
sick of the several regiments are regularly sent in and forwarded to me ; the diseases prevailing must be stated in these reports.
This information is absolutely necessary at these headquarters. Certificates of disability, approved by the division boards,
whenever practicable, will also be forwarded to this office through you. A medical purveyor has been appointed for this army,
and will accompany it into the field. He will establish a depot as near the seat of operations as practicable. Sufficient supplies
for this army have been ordered to that depot, and it is therefore unnecessary for regimental medical officers to send in daily
trifling requisitions, that only encumber the files and embarrass the operations of the purveying department. * * The medical
officers of your corps, you will require to transact their business with you, and through you with this office. When additional
medical aid is required anywhere within the limits of your corps, you will assign any medical officer, including the brigade
surgeons, whose services can be commanded with the least inconvenience to that duty. Frequent communication, both person
ally and by letter, with this office is invited and enjoined. Your suggestions will always be carefully considered. Every
facility in my power will be afforded you in the performance of your duties, and in sustaining your authority." *
LIL Telegram to the Surgeon General, dated White House, May ISt/i, 1862. By Surgeon
C. S. TRIPLER, U. S. A., Medical Director of the Army of the Potomac.
"It is absolutely necessary that not less than thirty contract physicians should be sent to this army at once, to fill the
places of medical officers sick and on detached service. The supplies that left Washington on May llth have not yet reached
here. We are nearly exhausted. I suggest that medical supplies be sent in charge of a special agent, to be delivered to the
purveyor to whom they are directed. Medical supplies have been found stored, under other supplies, in the hold of vessels, and
detained there for weeks, in this river. We must have four-wheeled ambulances ; two-wheeled are good for nothing. I asked
for one hundred and forty four-wheeled some time ago. A lot of two-wheeled have been received since, but are altogether
insufficient. We want steamer hospitals, properly fitted up for five thousand wounded, provided with physicians, nurses, and
stores."
LIII. Extracts from a Narrative of his Service in the Peninsular Campaign. By Surgeon
J. F. HAMMOND, U. S. A., Medical Director of the Second Army Corps.
" March 24th, 1862, I was assigned to duty on the staff of General E. V. Sumner as the medical director of
the Second Army Corps. I reported for duty as the medical director on March 25th, at Warrenton Junction, Virginia. Whilst
there, a reconnaissance was made to the Rappahannock River by General O. O. Howard. The 1st of April, the Second Corps
began its march to the lines of Yorktown, by way of Alexandria and Fort Monroe. We embarked at Alexandria the 6th of
April, and arrived before Yorktown the 8th. From that time to the 4th of May, our pickets were engaged with the enemy,
more or less, day and night. Numbers were wounded by rifle balls and shrapnel, and were transported on steamers to the
North. The character of the country where we encamped was low, flat, moist ; the soil argelo-arenacious, covered with heavy
timber of pine and oak and dense undergrowth. There were numerous ponds of water, and water could be obtained a few
inches beneath the surface everywhere. Early in the morning of the 4th of May, it was announced that the lines of Yorktown
were evacuated, and the enemy in full retreat, and General Sumner was ordered to take command of the pursuit. Late in the
afternoon of that day, he came up with General Stoneman's brigade of cavalry, close upon the enemy, before the defences of
Williamsburg. General Stoneman had just been checked and driven ba?k. The brigades of General Hancock and General
Brooks arriving soon after, General Sumner, supposing that reinforcements were close in his rear, determined to dislodge the
enemy at once. Two lim-s of battle were formed of these brigades, and the order to advance was given by the tap of a drum.
It was just at dark, and the woods between our line and the enemy's works, which the cavalry had reported as practicable,
were found so dense that the troops lost their line of direction, and were compelled to halt. General Sumner, in the meantime,
had advanced with his staff even within the enemy's line of pickets, and narrowly escaped capture. He returned, and ordered
the troops to bivouac where they were, saying, "They shall not retreat an inch." The 5th of May, the battle of Williamsburg
was fought. It commenced in the morning, and continued, with short intervals, during the day. Though General Sumner was
in command until the arrival of General McClellan, in the afternoon, none of the Second Corps were on the ground, except the
8th Illinois Cavalry, and they were not engaged. The enemy were strongly intrenched in a series of field works. Our troops,
being in pursuit, and detained by the bad condition of the roads, by wagons, and various other obstacles, arrived slowly and
54 APPENDED DOCUMENTS PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.
irregularly. * * On the 6th of May, General Sumner and staff returned to Yorktown, to embark Avith his corps for West
Point, Virginia- Thence the corps marched by'the White House, on the Pamnnky, to the Chickahominy, where it arrived on
the 21st of Mav. The afternoon of the 31st of May, the Second Corps received orders to move across the Chickahominy
immediately, to the support of the Third and Fourth Corps, which had been engaged with the enemy for some hours. Orders
from general headquarters were then in force for no wagon of any description to cross the Chickahominy in the event of a forward
movement. The medical officers had orders from the same source to take no supplies except their hospital knapsacks filled,
and the men's haversacks were kept constantly supplied with two days' rations. We moved accordingly with only our full
hospital knapsacks. About three miles beyond the Chickahominy, at Fair Oaks, finding that the enemy had scattered the
Third Corps, and was approaching, flushed with victory, the Second Corps was formed for battle, and met the enemy in a
terrible shock, hurling him back at the point of the bayonet. That night our corps slept, without cover, upon their arms.
The battle was renewed vigorously the next day, and the enemy was completely defeated and driven back by the Second
Corps. * * The Second Corps remained encamped at Fair Oaks until the 29th of June. The character of the country was
very similar to that about Yorktown ; not so low nor so flat. During our stay at Fair Oaks our pickets were daily and nightly
engaged will: the enemy, involving various casualties.
The 27th or 28th of June, General French's and General Meagher's and General Caldwell's brigades were detached,
under General French, to the support of General Porter, east of the Chickahominy.
The morning of the 29th of June, after a night of incessant watching, a telegraphic dispatch was received from general
headquarters, ordering the Second Corps to fall back three-quarters of a mile to the rear, and connect on the left with General
Heintzelman's, and on the right with General Franklin's Corps. The movement was effected in good order, without firing a shot.
Here the enemy came upon us, and the engagement of Allan's Farm was fought. The enemy was repulsed, and our three corps
fell back to Savage's Station, two miles to the rear. That afternoon, was fought the battle of Savage's Station, in which the
enemy were repulsed with great loss. During that night, the three corps moved across the White Oak Swamp.
On June 30th, the battle of Glendale was fought, the enemy attacking us. They were signally defeated, with heavy
loss. That night, we inarched to the James River, and encamped upon its bank.
The next day, the 1st of July, retracing our steps for three or four miles, we fought the battle of Malvern. The enemy
attacked, and were defeated and driven back with great slaughter. That night, we moved down the James River to Harrison's
Landing.
At the battle of Fair Oaks the Second Corps numbered more than twenty-two thousand men. The primary dressings
were applied by the medical officers who accompanied the troops into the fight, wherever they could obtain cover in the
immediate neighborhood of their respective regiments. The wounded were thence transported to the houses nearest the battle
field, where, after filling the rooms, they were placed upon the ground outside of the houses, and bowers were built over them.
Here those who had not been dressed where they fell, had their wounds cared for, and, in other cases, dressings were reapplied
or readjusted. The attention they received was all that could be rendered them by the medical officers of the corps. Without
exception, the latter were incessant in their efforts to relieve the wounded, and no body of men whatever could be more
faithful in the discharge of their duties. The supply of water was sufficient and good. Food was scarce, as we had left camp
with but two days' rations in the haversacks, and wagons were not allowed to accompany the troops, and all supplies were cut
off by the freshet in the Chickahominy, the loss of the bridges, and the state of the roads. The supply of canned soups was
inadequate, and I found it necessary to give orders, with the approval of General Sumner, to slaughter horses for soup for
the wounded. The weather was cool at night, and warm at midday, and much lain fell befoi-e the wounded were removed to
the White House. All the ambulances of the corps were absent, detached by orders from general headquarters, before we
crossed the Chickahominy, to transport the wounded of General Porter's battle at Hanover Court-house. The medical director
of the Army of the Potomac sent a medical officer to assure me that transportation by the railroad would be afforded the next
day. It was agreed that the cars should arrive at a near station at noon, the following day, prepared to take all of my wounded
at once, and I was required to have them all at the station by that time. The removal of them was commenced at daylight,
and they were at the railroad at the appointed hour; but the destruction of a part of the railroad by the rain, which fell in
torrents, and the timidity of the conductors prevented the cars from taking the wounded for more than forty-eight hours after
the time appointed. The wounded were protected from the weather as well as was practicable, and every other attention was
amply rendered. I believe that the mortality was not increased by the exposure. But two or three deaths occurred during
that time. Most of the wounded went on foot from the field to the field hospitals; the balance were all transported on hand
litters. They were removed from the field hospitals to the cars, a mile or more, on foot or in ambulances, a few of which had
then arrived on hand litters and on horse litters. The horse litters, which permitted the recumbent position, served admirably
for transporting the most painfully wounded. The fire to which our troops were subjected at Fair Oaks was chiefly from small
arms, and the range, from thirty yards to five hundred. Its duration was not more than three hours the first day, and nine or
ten the second. The enemy used the improved conoidal ball and the ball and buck cartridge. Other projectiles could not be
distinguished by the characters of the wounds. The wounded were transported by railroad to the White House, 011 the Pamunky,
and we never knew to which general hospitals they were distributed. Primary amputations and a few exsections, all after
reaction had taken place, were performed. They were lost sight of on their removal for the general hospital. Chloroform and
ether, not mixed, were the anesthetics employed. Xo death was observed from an anesthetic.
The Second Corps lost, in the battle of Fair Oaks, two hundred and seven killed, and nine hundred and four wounded;
total, one thousand one hundivd and eleven. The 28th of June, orders were received from general headquarters for all the
wounded that were able to walk to go forward on the line of march to the James River, by way of the White Oak Swamp; for
those who could not walk to be abandoned to the enemy; for medical officers and attendants to be detailed to remain with them,
and fall with them into the hands of the enemy, and for hospital supplies of every kind to be left with them. This was done
accordingly, except that every man unable to walk who could find a place to ride went along, and very few were left to the
enemy. Whilst at Fair Oaks, the command, enveloped in malaria, illy supplied with antiscorbutics, much exposed to the
EEPORTS OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR HAMMOND. 65
weather, and almost nightly harassed by the enemy, suffered ranch from intermittent fevers, diarrhoea, and scurvy. A surgeon
of brigade reported to me that he had cured some of his cases of diarrhoea with raw Irish potatoes in vinegar. The condition
of the command was, therefore, not so good at the succeeding battles on the march to the James River. Yet the morale w; s
excellent. The supplies of medicines and hospital stores were such as could be taken in the knapsacks and in the hands.
From the 28th June until the 3d of July, we did not see our wagons or ambulances. They were sent in advance of the column,
filled with sick and wounded. Litters were borne by the attendants with the troops. At Allan's farm, the Second Corps were
engaged generally for about five hours. The fire was from small arms and artillery. The range, a few hundred yards The
wounded were taken to Savage's Station. But one wounded man was abandoned there to the enetnv ; he was wounded in the
head ; the brain was protruding, and he was insensible, though still living. Our loss there was estimated at about two
hundred and fifty killed and wounded. The same day, our corps was engaged in the battle of Savage's Station for four to five
hours. The arms and range were about the same as at Allan's farm. The battle continued until after dark. The wounded
were taken to the neighboring houses, which were converted into hospitals, and medical officers and supplies were left with
them. The march through the White Oak Swamp was made between seven at night and dawn, the next day. The battle of
Glendale, June 30th, continued from three in the afternoon until some time after dark. General Sumner's, General Heintzel-
man's, and General Franklin's Corps, comprising six divisions and twenty-five batteries, or one hundred and fifty pieces of
artillery, were all simultaneously encaged. The wounded were disposed of in the same manner as at Savage's Station. But
two brigades of the Second Corps were actually engaged with the enemy in the battle of Malvern Hill. The arm used on both
sides in that battle was chiefly the artillery. The casualties in the Second Corps in the battles from Fair Oaks to James River,
viz., Allan's Jarm, Savage's Station, Glendale, and Malvern, were estimated at one hundred and seventy-three killed, one
thousand and two wounded ; total, one thousand one hundred and seventy-five. This is only an approximation to the true
number. It was wholly impracticable to obtain it more accurately. It was estimated that three-fourths of the wounded were
brought away by our column. Every attention was rendered to the wounded by the medical officers of the corps that it was
possible to give them. I do not believe that there was an instance where a medical officer hesitated for an instant to make any
sacrifice of self, when the circumstances required it, for the wounded. Some of the wounded and sick were sent to a general
hospital established at Harrison's Landing, on our arrival there, but nearly all of them were shipped on steamers down the
James River. Notwithstanding the climate and the weather, and the exposure, and the want of vegetable diet, and the
harassing march, the health of the command remained comparatively good until after getting into camp at Harrison's Landing,
when the daily sick report rose rapidly to about ten per cent."
LIV. Report from the Depot Hospital of the Fair Oaks Battle-ground. By Surgeon J. F.
HAMMOND, U. S. A., Medical Director of the Second Army Corps.
" SIR : I have the honor to make to you the following report of the killed and wounded in the recent battles of the 31st
of May and 1st of June. In General Sedgvvick's division, there were thirty-three killed and one hundred and fifty-six wounded
in the 1st brigade, commanded by General Gorman ; five killed and thirty wounded in General Burns's 2d brigade; fifteen killed
and ninety-two wounded in the 3d brigade, under General Dana, and one killed and four wounded in battery I of the First
Artillery ; a total of three hundred and thirty-six. In General Richardson's division, General Howard's brigade lost one
hundred and fifteen killed and three hundred and ninety-four wounded ; General Muagher's brigade lost four killed and
twenty-nine wounded; General French's brigade had thirty-four killed and one hundred and eighty-one wounded, and the
batteries had eight wounded; a total of seven hundred and sixty-five. In General Sedgwick's division, fifty-four were killed
and two hundred and ninety-two were wounded ; in General Richardson's division, one hundred and fifty-three were killed
and six hundred and twelve wounded ; making an aggregate of two hundred and seven killed apd nine hundred and four
wounded in the corps. Besides these, the medical officers of the corps dressed over one hundred wounded of other corps, and
about an equal number of Confederate wounded. Each medical officer discharged his duty in the utmost during and after the
battle. Surgeon D. W. Hand, U. S. V., and John A. Lidell, U. S. V., and Assistant Surgeon Matthew Rjzer, 72d Pennsyl
vania Volunteers, distinguished themselves.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. F. HAMMOND,
Surgeon U. S. A., Medical Director Second Army Corps.
To Surgeon C. S. TRIPLEU, U. S. A.,
Medical Director Army of the Potomac.
LV. Extract from a Letter to the Surgeon GcneraVs Office in relation to the Ilosjntal Arrange
ments of the Second Corps in the Peninsular Campaign. By Surgeon J. F. HAMMOND,
U. S. A., Medical Director of the Second Army Corps.
" The sick of General Richardson's division of the Second Corps were placed in comfortable log huts at Ship
Point. ' ' General Sedgwick's Division, encamped seven miles nearer Yorktown, near Power's house, had its general
field hospital in regulation hospital tents. Another temporary general hospital was organized with similar tents, and the sick
of both divisions and of any corps were here admitted. This hospital was under the charge of Surgeon Nathan Hay ward, 2Uth
Massachusetts Volunteers. He was soon relieved, however, by several medical gentlemen from Massachusetts, sent by the
governor of that State, in anticipation of a battle before Yorktown, and conducted to headquarters by Governor Sprague, of
Rhode Island. General McClellan assigned these gentlemen to the Second Corps, and, in accordance with their own wish,
they were assigned by me to hospital service. * * There was a brick church in the rear of Williamsburg used a few days as
a brigade field hospital for the Second Corps; but, when we moved to the front, the field hospitals were all regimental, and were
66 APPENDED DOCUMENTS PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.
exclusively under canvas. Such was the case, also, on the Cliickaliominy, until shortly before the advance of the corps to Fair
Oaks. There an effort was made to establish a general field hospital for the corps on the largest scale that, as a corps, we
were able to attempt. Several hospital turts were pitched in a fine grove, on an eminence, near a comfortable and roomy
house, called Turner's house, with an ample supply of well water. I measured the capacity of this hospital, and found
that there was space for one hundred and twenty patients. Before an order was given by proper authority for the
admission of a patient, and without my knowledge, it had received over five hundred. My object then was to break it up,
because I saw7 that it was impossible to prevent its being a receptacle of deserters in reality, under the name of sick, and a
nuisance to the corps. I had half succeeded in this when the evacuation of Fair Oaks took place. The whole hospital was
destroyed by fire on the approach of the enemy, the 2Sth of June, the patients and inmates having all escaped to our lines
before the conflagration. At Fair Oaks, the field hospitals were all regimental, and were generally in hospital and shelter
tents. A lew cabins had been constructed by some of the regiments, and two or three houses vacated by the inhabitants, and,
nearest the line, some were under split log sheds, supposed to be bomb-proof until a piece of shell pierced one of them at the
apertures of the logs and scattered the brains of one of its occupants. These hospitals were placed, generally, in some cool,
pleasant, shaded spot, where the air had free access to them, a little remote, and yet sufficiently near their respective regiments.
The bedding of the sick consisted necessarily of only their blankets upon branches cut from the boughs of the trees — pine-tree
branches were directed to be used, and their knapsacks for pillows. The tents were well trenched, and constantly thoroughly
ventilated and dried. The mortality was exceedingly small. Frequent inspections and minute attention to camps was insisted
on. The police was good, and the shelter tents were well trenched, and the ventilation kept unimpeded ; and the tents were
directed to be struck every third day, their floors dried, and, if practicable, the site changed a little. Notwithstanding,
scorbutus made its appearance in the 19th Massachusetts Volunteers, in General Sedgwick's division of the Second Corps, arid
the command was very generally, indeed, almost universally, affected by symptoms allied to that disease. * * The medical
director of General Richardson's division also reports to me, verbally, that there are similar cases in General Caldwell's
brigade. General Dana says that he cannot comprehend why the men should have scurvy with their present rations ; but I am
informed that the desiccated vegetables are so disagreeable to the taste that the men cannot eat them. * On June 18th, I
wrote to Captain Putnam, assistant quartermaster, to send from White House twenty boxes of lemons, fifty pounds of cream of
tartar, and half a barrel of chloride of lime, ordered by the medical director of the army, which could be had on application to
Assistant Surgeon 1?. 11. Alexander, medical purveyor on the steamship James S. Green, at White House Landing. Hulf
of these supplies were turned over to Surgeon John A. Lidell, U. S. V., chief medical officer of General Sedgwick's division,
and the other half to the chief medical officer of General Richardson's division. More antiscorbutics than those mentioned
would have been sent, had the stores at the White House afforded it. The commissary was also immediately ordered, from the
headquarters of the army, to furnish supplies of potatoes."
LYI. Extracts from a Narrative of his Services from the Outbreak of the Rebellion to June
29^, 1863. By Surgeon J. 13. EEOWN, IT. S. A., Medical Director of the Fourth Army Corps.
"From my recollection, and from the very brief memoranda in my possession, I will furnish to the best of my
ability the information required. I arrived in New York on the 4th of January, 1862, from six years' service in Washington
Territory and Oregon. The command with which I was on duty having been assigned to the Army of the Potomac, I reported,
by direction of Surgeon General Finley, to Surgeon Tripler, U. S. A., its medical director, and was assigned to duty as senior
surgeon of the artillery reserve, under command of Colonel H. J. Hunt, U. S. A., and reported to him immediately for duty at
Camp Duncan. The winter was spent on duty connected with this command in the vicinity of Washington, and in organizing
its medical service, procuring supplies, and perfecting the appointments belonging to my duty for the expected campaign. I
cannot now give more than an approximate strength of the command. When the artillery reserve left Washington, on the 16th
of March, for Manassas, it consisted, I think, of seventeen batteries selected from the several regular artillery regiments, and
its numerical strength was not far from two thousand men. Assistant Surgeons J. W. S. Gouley, Joseph S. Smith, and John
P. Jaquette, U. S. A., were my assistants. The morale and condition of the command were admirable, and the supplies in every
item complete and ample. The ambulances which had been assigned to the reserve, and which were promised, failed to report,
but I was informed they would be furnished at Fairfax Court-house. The artillery reserve received orders to halt at Anandale,
Virginia, when further efforts to procure the ambulances still failed. Two good wagons with excellent teams were here
procured, to replace the indifferent ones before furnished for the transportation of the medical supplies and hospital property.
The plan of the campaign having been changed, on the 20th of March the artillery reserve was ordered to Alexandria. On
the 2Gth of March, I was relieved from duty with the artillery reserve, and was ordered to report to General Keyes as medical
director of the Fourth Army Corps. This corps was composed of the divisions commanded severally by General Couch,
General W. F. Smith, and General Silas Casey, and numbered, approximately, forty thousand men. I reported immediately in
person to General Keyes, in Washington, and, on the same day, embarked with his headquarters and the division of General
Couch for Fort Monroe, at which point we arrived on March 28th. The second division of the Fourth Army Corps,
commanded by General W. F. Smith, had preceded us by a few days. After debarking the first division, we joined them,
and encamped in their vicinity on the same evening, about four miles beyond Hampton. The camp occupied by the second
division, in great part, was low and wet, and deficient in natural facilities for drainage. The camp selected" by the first
division was, in every respect, better. My time here, until the 3d of April, was devoted to the organization of the medical
staff' under my charge. The condition of the regiments was, in general, excellent; better in the first division than in the
second. Their supply of medicines, hospital stores, ambulances, and hospital tents was not as ample as desirable; but every
effort was used to complete the necessary outfit. * * After we advanced up the Peninsula, the positioir which the Fourth
Army Corps occupied on the left, with the James River blockaded by the enemy, and access to the purveying depot, afterwards
established on the York River, virtually prohibited by the condition of the roads, it became a matter of extreme difficulty to
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR BROWN. 67
supply the want of many essential articles when they were exhausted. On the 4th of April, the first and second divisions of
the Fourth Corps advanced up the James River road. The third division of the corps had just arrived, and remained behind, to
complete its train and supplies. The condition of this division was inferior to that of the first and second. It, was composed,
in great part, of recruits; and, from the inexperience of its medical and regimental officers, was deficient in many material medical
and hospital supplies. Every effort was made to complete its outfit ; but, from the absence of a depot from which to draw the
required supplies, it was at last forced to follow the remainder of the corps, with its requisitions unfilled, and almost destitute ot
ambulances and hospital tents.
At Young's Mills, the pickets of the enemy were first encountered, and skirmished, in falling back, with the advance of
the second division. The position at Young's Mills was a very strong one. It had been occupied by General Cumming's
Confederate brigade all winter. Very neatly constructed tents, with glass windows, were here found. The largest and best
ventilated of these were policed and converted into hospitals, and two surgeons were detailed to remain with a number of sick
and the wounded men. On April 5th, the enemy were encountered in force by General Smith's advance, about two miles
beyond Warwick Court-house, and a sharp skirmish of pickets ensued. Information was given that an attempt was being
made to turn our left flank, and the brigades of General Graham and General Peck were formed to prevent this. General
Keyes returned from the front, and established his headquarters at Warwick Court-house. A house about half a mile in the
rear of General Smith's line was occupied as a field hospital in the event of a serious engagement, which was expected. In
these affairs, two men were killed and sixteen wounded. The wounded were removed on litters to the hospital near the front,
where their wounds were dressed. They were generally not severe. On April 8th, two men were wounded by fragments of
shells; one receiving a fracture of cranium, and the other, of both bones of the leg, which was amputated primarily. A
hospital was established at Warwick Court-house under charge of Surgeon Wheaton, 2d Rhode Island Volunteers. The
hospital at Young's Mills was also extended, by preparing and occupying other huts, in order to receive the numerous cases of
enteric fever and diarrhoea. Heavy rains had rendered the roads quite impassable, without corduroying, to permit the passage
of the supply trains and artillery. On April 16th, General Smith made an attempt to penetrate the enemy's line of works at
Lee's Mills, but was repulsed with a loss of sixty killed and one hundred and sixty-four wounded. The surgeons Avere
occupied all night in attending to the wounded of this affair, which occurred just before sunset. The wounds were almost
entirely from musketry at short range, and chiefly from conoidal balls. I directed two amputations of the thigh for severe
knee-joint wounds. These amputations were done on the morning after the fight, at the hospital established in the camp of the
Vermont regiments, and were well borne, under chloroform. Several minor amputations and excisions were made by Surgeons
Janes and Chandler, of Vermont regiments, which chiefly suffered in this assault. The wounded were rapidly made
comfortable, and those who could bear transportation were sent off that day and the next by ambulances to Cheesman's
Landing, on York Kiver, for transportation to Fort Monroe. The rough corduroy roads prevented the transportation of many;
and the Fourth Army Corps was thus continually burdened by the unavoidable accumulation of sick and wounded, a source of
embarrassment not experienced by the divisions of the army nearer the transports on the York River. The same cause
obstructing communication with the purveying depot, then established at Cheesman's Landing, our supply of stimulants could
not be promptly replenished, and the rapidly increasing numbers of remittent, intermittent, and typhoid fever cases could not
be satisfactorily treated with the limited provision on hand. The requisitions for quinine, to procure which special messengers
were sent on horseback, could be only very inadequately filled. I am satisfied that, could a liberal issue of quinine or qninia in
whiskey have been possible for prophylactic purposes and treatment, one half of the sickness which prevailed, chiefly in the
second and third divisions, could have been prevented. Th'e causes which produced this undue proportion of sickness in
these divisions may be easily found.
The division of General W. F. Smith was always in the front, constantly upon the alert, doing fatiguing picket duty,
encamped in the midst of a swamp, harassed by night and by day, performing unceasing labors to keep the roads in condition
to permit the passage of the necessary supply trains for their subsistence. I learned that this division had not had the
advantage, during the previous winter, of the admirable sanitary regulations which were enforced in the organization of the
first division. The division of General S. Casey was composed in great part of men in the field for the first time; many of their
ollicers too inexperienced to appreciate the importance of sanitary precautions, or to instruct their men in preparing or cooking
their rations, or how to take advantage of the few facilities for obviating the many discomforts of their camps. The men fell
sick by scores. The hospital at Young's Mills, at Wai-wick Court-house, and the field hospital in charge of Surgeon Augustus
Campbell, 77th New York Volunteers, contained over six hundred patients, and the division and regimental hospitals more than
that number; so that when, on the morning of May 4th, the Fourth Army Corps moved on Williamsburg, over one thousand
four hundred sick were unable to march, and were left, with surgeons to attend to their removal, under charge of Surgeon
F. L. Wheaton, '2<1 Rhode Island Volunteers, to the hospitals established by Medical Director Tripler, at Yorktown.
On the morning of May 4th, it was discovered that the enemy had evacuated their works in our front. General Smith
immediately occupied those in his front without resistance. The works at Lee's Mills, the scene of General Smith's
affair of the 16th of April, were found to be of immense strength, and the certainty that any persistent attempt to pierce the
lines of the enemy at that point would have been followed by an immense loss of life, was apparent to all who witnessed the
consummate skill with which the defences had been planned, and the vifst labor which had been expended to take advantage
of the formidable natural obstacles which the position afforded. The enemy here, as at Yorktown, had planted torpedoes in the
works, and along the road leading to Williamsburg, designing that they should explode by the pressure of the feet of those
passing over them. A casualty occurred here in General Casey's division from the explosion of one of these, and one man was
killed and five wounded. The wagon track and side paths, for a mile, were studded with these buried shells; but they were
guarded, as soon as discovered, by men detailed to remain near them, to point them out to the passing troops. I passed near
several of them, and observed the ingenuity with which they were concealed.
The battle of Williamsburg has been variously described by witnesses, whose observations were made fiom different
points of view; but I am satisfied, froi y personal knowledge of the facts, that had Fort Magruder been turned, as was
68 APPENDED DOCUMENTS PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.
strongly urged by some of the generals, and had the advance of General Hancock in that direction bf en strongly supported,
the position would have been taken early in the day, with comparatively email losses on our part. As soon as it was evident
that the rear-guard of the enemy intended to dispute our advance, I took possession of the extensive barns and tobacco houses
which were in the vicinity of our position, and about three-fourths of a mile from the front, arid had them policed and prepared
for the reception of the wounded. Assisted by Assistant Surgeon W. C. Spencer, U. S. A., I had ample time, before any
wounded were brought in, to make very complete preparations. Temporary cots were made from the boards of the fences
surrounding the barn-yards, and stacks of straw afforded abundance of material to make very comfortable beds for two hundred,
who mi"ht be seriously wounded. Medical officers, stewards, and cooks, with dressings and all necessary supplies and utensils,
were detailed and in readiness. The action was obstinate all day, and our hospitals were filled to overflowing, when night put
an end to the contest. The wounded were brought from the field on litters. The rain poured ceaselessly all day, and as the
enemv temporarily gained some advantage, the shells began to pass over and in front of the larger hospital ; but the enemy were
driven back, and few of the busy surgeons knew, or perhaps cared, that the hospital had been under fire. The wounded of
General Reyes's Fourth Army Corps, under my immediate supervision, were all dressed and rendered as comfortable as the
nature of their wounds would allow, by ten o'clock at night. They all had soup, and were faithfully nursed through the night.
A detail of surgeons and litter bearers, with lanterns, was sent out to search the field, and a number were discovered and
brought in. From the absence of my reports, I cannot now state the exact number of those whose wounds were dressed under
my supervision; but the entire number, whose wounds were of so serious a character as to require ambulance transportation the
next and following day, was over three hundred and fifty. The ambulances removed them to Queen's Landing, on York River,
a distance of three and a half miles, to the hospital transports, by which they were carried to northern hospitals. Not having
retained copies of my reports in my possession, I cannot state the number of the operations performed, but can only recollect
those with which I was personally interested. Among these were two excisions of the head of the humerus and an amputation
of both legs, in the same subject, rendered necessary by terrible lacerations of bones and soft parts from shell wounds. The
first amputation was done in a few hours after the receipt of the injury, by the circular method, at the junction of the middle and
lower third of the leg. The second amputation was done about eight hours after the first, by a modification of Teale's method,
and nearly through the middle of the leg. Both operations were done under the influence of chloroform, and with the most
satisfactory effect from its use. The wounds were chiefly from musketry in this engagement ; but there were quite a number
of frightful mutilations from fragments of shells. On the second day, from the terrible state of the roads, which prevented the
approach of the supply trains, I anticipated some difficulty in feeding the wounded who remained in the hospitals ; but, by halting
a passing wagon which contained rations, I took almost forcible possession of a sufficient supply. Leaving Brigade Surgeon
D. Prince, U. S. V., to complete the removal of the wounded who remained, I joined General Keyes at Williamsburg, where
the army was halted for two days, to enable the trains of provisions and ammunition to come up. Williamsburg was found
filled with the Confederate wounded. Not only the churches and public buildings were occupied by them, but numbers were
found in private houses suffering for want of attention, and were cared for by our medical officers. On the morning of May 9th,
the army was again in motion. A large number of sick belonging to the Fourth Army Corps, chiefly to the third division, had
to be left at Williamsburg in hospitals established by Medical Director Tripler. On the 14th, I established a hospital in New
Kent Court-house for the sick of the corps. One hundred and fifty sick were also sent from this place for transportation to
northern cities. These were all protracted cases of fevers and diarrhoea. The malaria of the marshy camps about Warwick
Court-house, with which the men were saturated as it were, and the other causes which have been above enumerated, were
producing their fruits, and continued to do so after the corps had crossed the Chickahominy, where the camps were compara
tively dry and salubrious. General Peck's brigade, and a portion of General Naglee's, in a reconnaissance in force, drove the
pickets of the enemy across the Chickahominy, which was crossed, on the 21st, by the 7th Massachusetts Volunteers, at the rail
road bridge. On the 23d of May, the Fourth Army Corps crossed at Bottom's Bridge, being the first army corps to cross the
Chickahominy. On the 25th, General Keyes's headquarters were established at Savage's Station. On the 26th, the division
of General Casey moved in the advance to Seven Pines. A statement of the condition of this division was made by me, on
this day, to Assistant Inspector General N. II. Davis, for the information of Major General McClellan, with an account of the
causes which had conspired to produce so great a reduction of its numbers from sickness and straggling. * * On the 28th
of May, I received an order of General McClellan transferring me, as medical director, to the army corps of General Franklin.
I reported for duty to General Franklin on May 30th. During that night, a terrific thunder storm, Avith a deluging rain,
occurred. The Confederates took advantage of the swollen state of the Chickahominy, resulting from this storm, to make an
attack upon the Fourth Army Corps, expecting to defeat it before it could be reinforced from the other bank of the stream, now
converted into an impassable torrent. Before the bridges were entirely impracticable, General Sumner, with difficulty,
succeeded in crossing with his corps, and soon the enemy were forced back. This was the battle of Fair Oaks, or Seven Pines.
The division of General Casey, greatly reduced in numbers, received the terrible and desperate onslaught of the enemy, but
fought gallantly till reinforced.
Heavy rains continued at intervals until the 5th of June, when the division of General Smith was thrown across the
Chickahominy. Four hundred and fifty sick, belonging to his division, were unable to accompany the march, and were sent to
the Liberty Hall field hospital, which I had established on the plantation said to have been the birth-place of Patrick Henry,
about one and a half mile from general army headquarters. This number of sick was soon increased to six hundred, who were
accommodated in the old mansion, the barns, which had been policed and rendered comfortable hospitals, and in hospital tents
erected in the pleasant and shaded lawn surrounding the house. The cases were mainly typhoid fevers, diarrhoea, and dysentery.
Field hospitals were also established for the reception of the sick of General Slocum's division, also belonging to General
Franklin's Corps, under the superintendence of Surgeon George Burr, U. S. V. On June 18th, I crossed the Chickahominy with
the headquarters of General Franklin and the division of General Slocum, which took its position near that of General Smith,
on the right of our line, on the right bank of the Chickahominy.
The whole of the succeeding week was devoted to the ordinary routine of my duties, but chiefly to the preparation of
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR BROWN. 69
hospitals for the reception of wounded, which the relative position of the two armies assured us might be required at any hour.
Doctor Trent's house, which had been used as an hospital for the sick of General Smith's division, was selected for this purpose.
The sick were transported by ambulances and railroad to the White House hospitals. The buildings were thoroughly policed
and ventilated by additional windows, temporary beds were prepared, supplies were accumulated, and the whole put in charge
of Assistant Surgeon Childs, 5th Vermont. Accommodations were thus completed for the reception of six hundred, who might
be severely wounded, in the house and the extensive barns and negro quarters. As many hospital tents as could be procured
were also pitched. Important assistance was rendered in this work by Surgeon T. R. Spencer, U. S. V. The removal of the
sick was objected to by the division commander; but, with the approval of Medical Director Tripler and the sanction of General
Franklin, the measure was accomplished, and the hospitals were prepared. The propriety of this action was soon apparent,
and I am confident that great suffering was by this means prevented.
On June 27th, General F. J. Porter had his desperate fight at Gaines's Mill, in which the losses on both sides were very
great. The wounded were brought over throughout the night; and our temporary hospitals were soon filled to overflowing.
The position of General Smith had been fired upon by artillery all day, at intervals, while the other battle was progressing. I
was occupied the entire night in superintending the dressings, operations, and other matters pertaining to the comfort of the
wounded, and in forwarding the ambulances, as they crossed, to Savage's Station, where extensive hospitals had been prepared
by Medical Director Tripler. Before daybreak, all the wounded received into the hospitals prepared in the vicinity of the Trent
House were dressed, and rendered as comfortable as possible under the circumstances. As soon as it was light, I rode over to
Savage's Station, to communicate with Medical Director Tripler, and to request that the ambulances might be directed to report
to me for the purpose of removing the wounded further to the rear, as the enemy occupied the opposite bank of the Chick-
ahominy, and the hospitals at Doctor Trent's house were immediately under the fire of their batteries. The ambulances were
promptly sent, and, by four o'clock P. M., the wounded were collected at Savage's Station. I remained till dark, removing the
hospital property that was valuable, and then went to the headquarters of General Franklin, at the front, and now the extreme
right of our line. At two o'clock in the morning, orders were given to abandon the position, and to fall back silently upon
Savage's Station. The movement of the army towards James River had already commenced. We arrived at Savage's Station
about daybreak. By eight o'clock, the entire train was in motion for White Oak Swamp, which the advance corps had already
crossed upon bridges, prepared some days before in anticipation of this movement. The trains, which had been steadily passing
for many hours already, were eight hours in passing the point at which I was stationed, on the elevated plain opposite Savage's
Station. Just before sunset, a portion of General Sumner's corps, and General Smith's division of General Franklin's corps,
were formed to repel an advance of the entmy. This was the battle of Savage's Station. Surgeon J. V. Hammond, U. S. A.,
the medical director of General Sumner's corps, and I worked in concert, preparing hospitals in the rear of this engagement.
The enemy were decisively repulsed. Our hastily prepared hospitals soon rapidly received the wounded, carried in litters from
the field, and the surgeons detailed were busily engaged at their duties, again operating and dressing wounds by the uncertain
light of candles and lanterns. Instructions were received by Surgeon Hammond and myself to leave surgeons to attend to the
wounded, with ample supplies, and to join the column when it fell back. About ten o'clock, the head of the column of the
rear guard of the army, consisting of General Richardson's division of General Sumner's corps and General Smith's division
of General Franklin's corps, appeared, passing our hospitals. A night march was made with regularity and rapidity; and we
crossed the White Oak Swamp bridges before daybreak, and bivouacked on the opposite side of the swamp, upon the elevated
ground commanding the bridge head. It was raining when the divisions reached their position, and the rain continued until
dawn. General Smith's division was left to destroy the bridges, and to cover the rear. About noon, the enemy placed batteries
on the opposite bank, and opened upon the position of General Smith, preparatory to attempting a crossing. This was the most
critical day of the passage to James River. The wagon train was in motion rapidly and steadily; but was extended along our
whole line, which was threatened from the front, from the Charles City road, and from various points at which the enemy were
attempting to cross the swamp. The artillery fire at the bridge was the most terrible we had yet experienced, and many
frightful shell wounds were received. The men were made to lie down in gullies, in order to shelter them. The fight at the
bridge continued till dark. Hospitals were prepared in houses in the rear, where the wounded were carried, and received
every possible attention. The shelling of the bridge, where the enemy were still endeavoring to effect a crossing, was continued
after dark, for this point must be held by us until the trains were far in advance Rumors reached us that our retreat on the
main body was cut off. But sometime after midnight the columns came silently moving by the hospitals. The wounded had
been dressed, and medical attendants detailed to remain with them, and AVC joined the silent column. It was intensely dark,
and a man was scarcely visible to his neighbor; but, without confusion, the mass moved on, the silence scarcely broken, except
by the echo of a single gun, which had been left at the bridge to induce the enemy to believe that we were still holding that
position. All night we marched through narrow roads, sometimes slightly revealed by the starlight, as the clouds lifted, or the
continuous heavy forest on either side receded, hearing the sound of that single cannon, at intervals, till it ceased, having done
its work, and limbered up and overtook the column. As dawn appeared, we were met by aids of General McClellan, who
indicated the position for the bivouac of the men ; and when the daylight broke, we saw the camps of the army and the James
River. But this cheering sight brought no rest. The lines of battle were formed all day. This was the day of Malvern Hill,
when the pursuing enemy met their repulse. The corps of General Franklin was not closely engaged in this most bloody fight
of the seven days ; but was continually under arms, day and night ; for General Franklin was again to cover the rear. It was
daylight when we again commenced our march. This march was a most trying one to the men, for the rain poured heavily,
and the quicksand roads were almost impassable, rendering a pursuit bv the enemy impracticable, even if they had been able
to pursue, after their frightful losses at Malvern Hill. On July 2d, at about nine o'clock, we arrived at Harrison's Lauding.
On July 3d, the army was again in motion, to occupy, and, with the aid of the gunboats, to render impregnable the crest
extending across Harrison's Point. On July 4th, the lines were complete, and the enemy, after one or two ineffectual attempts
to annoy us, ceased from their efforts."
70 APPENDED DOCUMENTS PENINSULAS CAMPAIGN.
LVIL Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Volunteer Medical Staff. By Surgeon
CHARLES O'LEARY, U. S. Volunteers.
* * * "On July 27th, 1862, I was assigned to the charge of an hospital transport, then conveying sick from
Harrison's Landing. I was subsequently assigned as medical director of General D. N. Couch's independent brigade, in
Maryland, and joined that command on September 5th. In October, this brigade was attached to the Sixth Army Corps. On
December 4th, I was appointed medical director of that corps. General Couch's brigade of infantry consisted of the 2d Rhode
Island Volunteers, numbering seven hundred and eighty, rank and file; 7th Massachusetts Volunteers, nine hundred and sixty
strong; 10th Massachusetts Volunteers, recruited to the maximum of one thousand and thirty-six; and the 36th New York
Volunteers, numbering seven hundred. The sanitary condition of this brigade, while encamped at Brightwood, near Wash
ington, had been reported as the best in the Army of the Potomac, according to the medical dii'ector's returns, and the camp
regulations were pronounced by Surgeon Charles McCormick, U. S. A., the best that came under his notice in his inspections
in the winter of 1861. This high morale was preserved by these troops during the peninsular campaign. The brigade was
engaged at the battles of Williamsburg, Seven Pines, Gelding's Farm, Malvern Hill, and in many skirmishes.
The brigade went into action at Williamsburg on May 5th, 1862, about ten o'clock ; part being sent to support General
Hooker on the left, and part to General Hancock on the right. None of the regiments were hotly engaged on either wing,
and the loss was trifling. The wounded were cared for in an hospital established by Surgeon J. B. Brown, U. S. A., medical
director of the Fourth Corps. During the three days we halted after the battle, the medical officers of the Sixth Corps took
charge of the wounded of the enemy, left near Fort Magruder, and of about one hundred and sixty of the wounded of General
Hooker's Division. Our supplies were ample. The operations performed were all accompanied with the administration of
chloroform, without any unpleasant results. Amputations at the upper third of the thigh proved fatal within a short time in
all cases. The results of this operation were such as to dissuade us from resorting to it in subsequent battles, except when a
limb was in such a condition as to make its removal a relief to the patient. The wounded of our army were removed on May
9th to the nearest landing on the York River. The wounded of the enemy were left in the hands of Confederate surgeons,
with a medical officer of the Union army to supervise their removal.
On May 31st, 1862, the battle of Seven Pines, the bloodiest I have witnessed during the war, was fought. The fury of
the conflict fell most heavily upon the division of General Couch. Our supplies were in good condition, and abundant ; our
regimental hospitals were established, and in good order. The battle was so close to our cainp that we had the wounded at
first transferred to these hospitals. Very early in the fight, however, it became necessary to shift our position further to the
rear, and three times during the fight we had to retreat. Our hospital tents and supplies were safely removed without much
difficulty A want of ambulances greatly embarrassed us in transferring the wounded. By great efforts, we had all the
wounded that we rescued from the battlefield safely sheltered at night, in the hospitals established at Savage's Station, two
miles in our rear, by Surgeon F. H. Hamilton, U. S. V. Many circumstances interfered with the proper treatment of the
wounded during the action and subsequent to it, such as the want of organization in the medical department Though the
brigade and even corps organizations existed, the regiment was still regarded as the unit, and regimental medical officers were
half the time busied in looking for their own wounded, to the neglect of those of other regiments. There was a lack of
ambulances to bring the wounded to one point. The great number of wonnded scattered in rear of the battlefield precluded
concert of action to provide for their wants. The utterly demoralized condition of General Casey's ti'oops, who straggled from
the field and crowded around every place wearing the appearance of a hospital, was another difficulty. Better organization of
the medical corps would have, as it has since, prevented most of these evils. The two regiments most hotly engaged, the
10th Massachusetts and the 36th New York, lost heavily in this engagement. The wounds were generally of a slight character,
being chiefly of round ball and buckshot. Of two hundred and ninety wounded, only two required amputation ; one of the
arm, one of the leg. Chloroform was administered in both cases. Fractures, where no great destruction of bone or tissue
occurred, were dressed in splints. During the two days subsequent to the action^ many medical men from civil life flocked to
the ground, and, owing to the absence of any hospital organization in the corps, went to work as they thought proper. The
abuse of the authority they had obtained was more apparent here than in any battle I have seen. Amputations were performed
recklessly, by irresponsible persons, without any thought bestowed as to the subsequent treatment of the patient. It was chance
or accident, frequently, that the wounded man whose limb had been amputated obtained either an opiate or stimulant. Some,
exhausted by lying on the field wounded from twelve to thirty-six hours, died on the table; some within a few hours after the
operation. I was placed in charge by Surgeon F. H. Hamilton, but received no authority from him to stop a course that seemed
to him and to me reckless and unjustifiable. His impression was that these men were there by order of the War Department.
The last of the wounded of the Fourth Corps, amounting to about eleven hundred, were removed to White House four
days after the battle. Any view of the surgical history of the battle I can hardly give, further than that our organization
here seemed most defective, and bad care of the wounded necessarily resulted therefrom. The wounds were principally by
smooth musket balls at short range. Subsequent to this action, sickness increased heavily among us; many men were sent to the
rear, and the command was thereby greatly reduced in numbers. A laxity in discipline, also, in two regiments, the 36th New
York and 10th Massachusetts, arising from the loss of their best officers, had the worst effect on the health and morale of the
men; an effect which was not, however, of long duration.
The battle of Golding's Farm, on June 2">th, is scarcely mentioned as more than a heavy skirmish in front of General
Hooker's lines, near Seven Tines. That part of it in which our brigade, now commanded by General Devens, was engaged,
was altogether an artillery fight. We lost seventy-four men in killed and wounded, out of a force of two thousand two hundred
and sixty. The wounds were chiefly from shells and round shot. Our position being on the road that penetrated the woods
towards the enemy's front, and being very Avell known to him, exposed us very much to his fire. The wounds were in great
proportion of a very serious character, and amputations were in greater proportion to the number of cases than in any other
engagement I have seen. Anaesthetic*, composed of a mixture of chloroform and ether, were invariably administered, and no
REPORTS OF SURGEONS o'LEARY AND JUDSON. 71
bad result followed. The wounded were transferred from the field hospital to Savage's Station, whence they were removed to
White House on the day following. All seemed to he doing favorably when removed from us. A curious fact was observed
here in regard to one regiment, the 10th Massachusetts. A number of men came in from the action with wounds of the hand or
mutilated fingers, the number in all amounting to fourteen. The discontent and the murmuring of the regiment for some time
previous, coupled with the nature of the firing, it being principally artillery, led us to suspect that the wounds were produced
by the men themselves. The fighting, moreover, lasted for some time after dark. Supplies in no instance failed us, as was
witnessed by Surgeon C. S. Tripler, U. S. A., medical director, who visited us on the field.
Being on the left, the brigade was in the advance in the change of base to James River, and reached Haxall's on the
morning of June 30th. The troops halted here until four in the afternoon, when two regiments of the brigade were ordered out
to Turkey Bridge, where the enemy was supposed to be approaching, and two were ordered up to support General Sumner, who
was then fighting the battle of Nelson's Farm. The action was over when we reached the ground, the enemy having fallen
back. We were then ordered in front of General Stunner's line, to cover his retreat, which commenced at midnight. At two
o'clock A. ir., July 1st, we were ordered to follow in the line of retreat. We reached Malvern Hill at four o'clock A. M., and
were put in line of battle at half-past five. The enemy first appeared at nine o'clock. A house one-quarter of a mile in rear
of the batteries of General Couch's line was selected as a hospital. Firing commenced on both sides about ten o'clock with
artillery. The house selected for a hospital proved to be very much exposed, and had to be given up. We had to fall back to a
house selected by Surgeon J. J. Milhau, U. S. A., medical director of the Third Corps, which was two miles further from the
field; a distance too great, but unavoidable in this instance, as no fit and secure place could be secured nearer. The assistant
surgeons of regiments posted themselves close to the field, and rendered very good service, both in furnishing the wounded with
necessary stimulants, and immediate dressing, as they were on the way back from the field. The combat was confined to
artillery, and the wounded were consequently few, until four in the afternoon, when the engagement of the day commenced, and
proved most sanguinary for two hours, with musketry fire. The wounds from shells were all of a most serious character;
those of the musket firing, of the usual nature. The former, in great proportion, demanded amputation ; the latter, rarely.
In the hospital, supplies of stimulants, beef tea, anodynes, and dressings were abundant The scarcity of ambulances, the
command I belonged to having none, enabled me to move to the rear but few of the wounded. Ambulances not being furnished
to the brigade, we had to apply to the medical director of the corps for one when required, and at this time there Avas no
opportunity of reaching corps headquarters, which was seven miles back. The wounded were consequently put in the best
condition possible, and a medical officer from each separate command was selected to remain with them. The retreat was
ordered at one o'clock A. M., on the morning of the 2d. All the supplies we could spare were left behind, in charge of the
surgeons \vho remained with the wounded. The report given afterwards, both by the medical officers and the recovered
wounded who rejoined their regiments, declares that they were not subjected to any great hardship or privation whilst in
hospital."
LVIIL Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Volunteer Medical Staff. By Surgeon
O. A. JUDSON, U. S. Volunteers.
* * * "In October, 1861, I was commissioned as brigade surgeon of volunteers, and assigned to the 1st brigade,
General J. Hooker's division, at that time, and for six months subsequently, encamped near Budd's Ferry, OH the lower
Potomac, opposite the Confederate batteries which blockaded the river. In March, 1862, General Hooker's division rejoined
the main body of the Army of the Potomac, in front of Yorktown, leaving the sick in the log barracks at Budd's Ferry vacated
by the troops. Early in April, a successful assault was made on a redoubt in front of our right by three hundred men,
commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Wells. I witnessed the attack of the storming party, and attended most of the wounded on
the field. Four men were killed and twenty wounded. The balls extracted were the pattern used in the Enfield musket.
Later in the month of April, General H. M. Naglee having applied to have me transferred with himself to the first brigade of
General Casey's division, I was assigned to that command. I may say in relation to the morale and general condition of the
troops with whom I had the honor to serve my first six months in the field, that they could not be surpassed. This was the
brigade that General Hooker originally commanded, and was composed of choice troops, all of whom had been carefully
recruited, and all the regiments had seen a year's service. General Casey's division, at the time of my assignment there, was
composed of the newest troops in the field, and had begun to suffer severely from the malarious influence of the peninsular
swamps. Consequently, when Yorktown was evacuated, a large number of the sick were left behind, and the number increased
as they continued their march. Encamped in front of Lee's Mills, on the Sunday on which Yorktown was evacuated, they
were early to enter the abandoned works, and, in so doing, two men were killed by the explosion of torpedoes which had been
placed in the road by the enemy. * * Our command did not suffer seriously in the engagement at Williamsburg, on May
5th, 1862, and was encamped for several days subsequently near Fort Magruder. I devoted myself exclusively to the wounded
enemy, of whom large numbers fell into our hands. They were brought from the field on stretchers, and most of them were
placed in the large tobacco barn of the mayor of Williamsburg, Mr. Saunders. The provisions for treating this large number
of prisoners were very limited. Corn husks were strewn plentifully on the floor, in lieu of mattresses, and the men were laid
upon them as they were brought in. Fires were built, and cooked rations were dealt to them, after some delay; but for a day
tin-re was a good deal of suffering for want of food. Stimulants were supplied in sufficient quantity, and there was a
reasonable number of surgical assistants. Within forty-eight hours after the action, a large portion of the patients were
transported by ambulance trains to the York River, where steamers were in readiness to convey them northward. There were,
j>erhaps, seven hundred or eight hundred of these prisoners, and I had the opportunity of witnessing and assisting in most of
the major surgical operations. My opinion was expressed in favor of amputation rather than excisions, for the following
reasons : 1st. As prisoners of war, to be confined, possibly, in close quarters, their chance of life would be diminished by tedious
72 APPENDED DOCUMENTS — PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.
and exhausting suppuration. 2d. They were men of dusky and leaden complexion, apparently long inured to the ravages of
malaria, and unfit to bear protracted suppuration. 3d. The means of transportation during the period of operative procedure
were entirely unknown, and there was a dearth of surgical apparatus in which to enclose wounded limbs. Moreover, the
surgical corps was so small, in proportion to the amount of work to be done, that there was not the requisite time to perform
such slow operations and make such tedious dressings. 4th. The splintering of the bones was so extensive from our minie ball
that resections were generally impracticable. These considerations were entirely apart from the question of the relative
advantages of resection and amputation, other things being equal. General Casey's division suffered severely from sickness
during the march up the Peninsula. Day by day, the sick list increased, and the removal of men to the rear became a serious
problem. The number of ambulances at my disposal was entirely inadequate to the accumulating numbers of sick men, and I
was repeatedly obliged to use wagon trains for this purpose, after placing a large amount of hay in each wagon. The sick
very generally preferred this rude conveyance to the unpleasant motion and risks of the one-horse ambulance."
LIX. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Volunteer Medical Staff. By Surgeon
EDWIN BENTLEY, U. S. Volunteers.
* * * "On the 1st of October, 1861, I was assigned to duty with the brigade in General F. J. Porter's division,
commanded by General Butterfield. It was composed of four regiments of New York, Pennsylvania, and Michigan volunteers,
and numbered thirty-eight hundred men. It was stationed at Hall's Hill, in Virginia, till March 10th, 1862, when it moved to
Fairfax Court-house and Manassas, and then returned to Alexandria and embarked for Fort Monroe, arriving there on the 23d
of March. On the following day, it encamped near Hampton, Virginia. The first march of this brigade was a reconnaissance
to Great Bethel. The men were in fine spirits. ' * The enemy hastily retreated, leaving their camp-fires burning, and there
was but a slight skirmish, without casualties. On April 5th, the command arrived in front of Yorktown, and an artillery
combat immediately ensued. Two men were killed and several wounded. During the siege, the brigade lost nearly five
hundred men by sickness. * * Yorktown was evacuated on May 3d, 1882. After having relieved the brigade of sick and
wounded, who were unable to inarch, to the number of two hundred and thirteen men, it embarked with the division for West
Point, where it remained for a few days. The division hospital was broken up, and its sick and wounded were put on board
transports lying in York River. From West Point, the command marched to Tunstall's Station, Cold Harbor, and Gaines's
Mill, where it encamped on the 26th, and, on the following morning, May 27th, marched to Hanover Court-house, and here
fought in General Porter's only successful battle during the peninsular campaign.
The strength of the third brigade was now nearly four thousand men, another regiment, the 12th New York Volunteers,
having joined it near Hampton. In this engagement, the 44th New York Volunteers suffered more severely than any other
regiment of the brigade, having nineteen killed and seventy wounded, all of whom were very well cared for on the field, and
conveyed, on the second day, to hospitals near Gaines's Mill, and afterwards furloughed, or sent to general hospitals, by
transports from White House. The supplies of water, food, and soup were abundant ; the wounded were not exposed to cold
or rain, arid the supplies of medicines and hospital stores were in good condition. The wounded were removed from the field
in ambulances. Primary operations were performed on the field and at the hospitals. The only anaesthetic used was chloroform,
with no unpleasant effects, except in one case, that of a rebel soldier, a very robust, large, muscular North Carolinian. While
preparing this man for amputation of the thigh, a large amount of chloroform had been administered without the patient's
becoming at all unconscious, when the surgeon of the 16th Michigan Volunteers, who was the operator, forced him to large and
free inspirations, and he came immediately under its influence. The operation was performed in the open air, and very little
blood was lost; but the pulse sank rapidly. All efforts at recuscitation were unavailing, and he ceased to breathe almost
simultaneously with the effect of the anaesthetic. * * On the 26th of June, the battle of Mechanicsville commenced, and,
during the night, wounded were received at General Porter's division hospital, which consisted of a dwelling-house, two
temporary barracks, and several hospital tents, of which I was in charge. On the morning of the 27th, this hospital was
broken up, and as soon as the sick and wounded could be removed, the buildings, tents, many hospital stores, and much other
property were burned by Lieutenant Bacheldor, General Porter's aide, to prevent their falling into the hands of the rebels. * *
On the afternoon of this day, the battle of Gaines's Mill was fought, which ended in the retreat of the right wing of the Army
of the Potomac across the Chickahominy. The physical condition of this command, at this time, was most excellent ; but the
morale was impaired by the unfortunate diffusion of information throughout the line that it was intended only to make a brief
stand, and then to retreat. They were continually expecting this order, and grew impatient at its delay, instead of expecting
and purposing to advance or stand with a determined and irrevocable will. The strength of this brigade, at this engagement,
was a little over four thousand men.
The supplies of medicines, hospital stores, and tents, which were in good condition and abundant, had either been
destroyed or transported across the Chickahominy. The ambulances were engaged in removing wounded as fast as possible
to Savage's Station, and other convenient or accessible depots in the rear. The wounded were taken to hospitals provided on
the field, and were accommodated in and around a half dozen dwellings, embracing the principal buildings in the vicinity.
The supply of water was abundant and good, from springs and running streams. The wounded that were unable to walk
were removed thither on litters.
The fire commenced soon after twelve, noon, and continued, with scarce an interruption, until dark, when the rebels
swept over the field, embracing within their lines our hospital depots and a field strewn with wounded. The wounded remained
at these depots for nearly three weeks, many of them without shelter or protection from cold or rain. They were attended by
Union surgeons who had been captured, but nominally were in charge of a rebel surgeon, a Doctor Maddox. They were
finally taken to Savage's Station and thence to Richmond in ambulances and army wagons provided by the rebel authorities.
EEPORTS OF ASSISTANT SURGEONS WOODHULL AND GREENLEA.F. 73
The operations were amputations, excisions, and ligations of the femoral artery. The operations were primary, or
as nearly so as possible. The only anaesthetic was chloroform, which was used with no unfavorable results. The supply
became exhausted before the operations were completed, and many were performed without its aid, and often with as little
apparent suffering as would have been manifested had the subjects been under its influence.
The number of casualties at the different depots to which I was attached was nearly fifteen hundred ; a tabular statement
of which was taken at the time, but, during my imprisonment, was unfortunately lost. After ten days, when all suitable
operations had been performed, and the men cared for as well as the limited commissariat of the rebels would allow, I was
taken to Richmond, at the request of all the medical officers who remained on the field after being captured, for the purpose
of communicating with the Confederate government, in order to obtain supplies for our wounded; but my appeals and
solicitations to rebel authorities were in vain. I was sent under guard to Libby prison, and put on duty in a room containing
a hundred wounded officers, where I remained until the 22d of July, 1802, when we were exchanged, and forwarded in
transports by the James River, and I reported at Harrison's Landing."
LX. Extracts from a Personal Contribution to the Medical and Surgical History of the
Rebellion. By Assistant Surgeon A. A. WOODHULL, U. S. Army.
" I entered upon the spring campaign of the Army of the Potomac as medical officer of the 2d U. S. Infantry.
In the trendies before Yorktown, the regiment was under a heavy artillery fire, without casualties. It engaged, four hundred
and forty-six strong, at the battle of Gaines's Mill, Virginia, '27th June, 1382. Its condition ami discipline were of the first
order. At that action, I was on field duty with the regiment. There were sufficient medical supplies with the trains ; but
on the spot nothing, excepting water, more than the hospital knapsack afforded. Our band and field music were the litter-
bearers to my station. From the field hospital, a third of a mile further to the rear, ambulances carried the wounded to
Savage's Station hospital. Some of the very severe cases were left on the field as the line of battle receded. The regiment
was under fire five or six hours, four of which it was hotly engaged against artillery at long, and musketry at moderate, range.
I performed no capital operation, and used no anaesthetic. Our loss was nearly one hundred and thirty, being more than twenty-
eight per centum of the force engaged. The Chickahominy was crossed in the night, and the next morning all the wounded
on the south side were sent to Savage's Station. * ' After an exceedingly harassing march, Malvern Hill was reached
Monday, 30th June. Tuesday evening, the regiment was under fire in the battle, and held the left, though without loss. I
rendered what aid I could with a knapsack and field case, on the field, until midnight. The missiles were both round and
conoidal bullets, and the range close. All the Federal wounded were borne off on stretchers, and the most reached Harrison's
Landing in ambulances. The army retired at daylight. Before leaving the Peninsula, the 10th infantry was placed in th e
same battalion with the 2d."
LXI. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Medical Services. By Assistant Surgeon
CHARLES R. GREENLEAF, U. S. Army.
* * * "During the stay of the army before Yorktown, I was assigned to the charge of the hospital for regulars.
This was in log huts erected by the enemy, and distant about tsvo miles from the front. But three wounded were received, all
shell wounds, very severe, and all died a few hours after admission. The other cases were fevers and the like. : After
the battle of Fair Oaks, I was ordered to take supplies and ambulances to Surgeon J. F. Hammond, U. S. A., medical director
of General Sumner's Corps. * * After the battle of Hanover Court-house, I was ordered to the front, and assigned to duty
in charge of three field hospitals near headquarters. The medical supplies here were abundant. The hospitals were sixteen
miles from the scene of action. The supply of water was plenty, and the wounded were well cared for. There were no deaths.
Amputation and extraction of balls were the only operations performed. : During the battle of Mechanicsville, I was
assigned as medical purveyor at Savage's Station ; but, the railroad being used for the transportation of ammunition, supplies
could not reach me before the line of communication was broken by the enemy. I assisted Surgeon Milhau, U. S. A., medical
director of General Heintzelman's Corps, to receive the wounded at that point. Nearl y all were wounded in the upper portion
of the body by the minie balls and fragments of shells. Supplies of all kinds, as well as hospital accommodations, were limited.
Many of the men were exposed to the weather. The station was nearly eight miles from the scene of action, and the wounded
received such care and attention as those who were present could give them. They came in ambulances and on foot. A
thousand or fifteen hundred were sent in open cars to White House, by order of Surgeon C. S. Tripler, medical director. The
remainder were left, and fell into the hands of the enemy. * * The operations performed at Savage's Station were principally
amputations and excisions, and were, of course, primary. The approximate number of wounded at Savage's Station, when
headquarters moved, was, I think, three thousand. I was ordered by Surgeon Tripler, during the actions at Savage's Station
and White Oak Swamp, to take a train of ambulances forward, and was on that duty until the battle of Malvern Hill, when I
was ordered to assist Assistant Surgeon A. K. Smith at Haxall's Station, in the care of such wounded as should come to
headquarters. The field of action was about three miles from the temporary hospital ; the supplies of medical stores were
ample ; and the wounded received every attention. Supplies of water, fuel, and soup were abundant. The men received at
headquarters were brought in ambulances and came on foot. The fire in those actions was heavy, and lasted nearly all day.
Artillery and musketry were both used, and at various ranges. The enemy used both buckshot and the conoidal ball, judging
from the character of the injuries. As many as could be were sent to Harrison's Landing from this point ; but some fell into
the hands of the enemy. The operations were principally amputations, excisions of small joints, and extractions of bullets.
I should judge that at least one thousand men were received at Haxall's Landing."
10
74 APPENDED DOCUMENTS PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.
LXII. Second Extract from a Report of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant
Surgeon ALEXANDER INGRAM, U. S. Army.
* * * "I Was ordered to report to Captain A. Pleasonton, commanding four companies of regular cavalry, encamped
at tlie park on Seventh street, Washington, in the autumn of 1861. These troops were quartered in comfortable and
commodious buildings, and none of these soldiers were ill. Early in the winter, five more companies of cavalry joined the
command. A hospital containing sixteen beds was then prepared, and proved ample for the necessities of the command, which
numbered about five hundred officers and men ; all of whom were inured to the hardships of a soldiers life by frontier service,
and the march to Utah Territory. We had but few cases of serious illness during the winter, though the site of the quarters
was not good, in a hygienic point of view, being very level, and rendered marshy by frequent rains. During the greater portion
of the winter I had, in addition to the above duty, to attend the camp of eight companies of the First United States Dragoons,
quartered in huts at the terminus of New York Avenue. The health of this command remained good during the winter, and
no death occurred up to the time that I was relieved from the charge of it. * * On March 31st, we were ordered to proceed
to Alexandria and to embark for the Peninsula. ' ; On May 4th, we commenced to struggle through the mud towards
Williamsburg. * * We proceeded immediately to Williamsburg, where I found four or five hundred wounded, almost
exclusively Confederates, our own wounded having been left further back, near the field, poorly provided with hospital and
commissary stores, our trains not being able to get up. A number of Confederate surgeons had been sent back from General
Longstreet's division, but being found on the streets without credentials, they had been picked up by guards and confined as
prisoners. The facts being made known, they were at once released, and, with the few Union surgeons in the town, proceeded
to make the \vounded as comfortable as possible with our scanty means. The Confederate surgeons were entirely unprovided
with instruments and stores, but the necessary instruments and a few essentials, such as chloroform, stimulants, and morphia,
that had been carried on saddles, were provided by us. Beef was soon obtained and distributed, which, with contributions
from the residents, nourished the wounded until the following day, when our trains began to come in. The wounded were
sheltered in churches and other buildings, and did not suffer from exposure. A number of amputations and a few extractions
of balls were performed, the Union and Confederate surgeons working very amicably together. * * On May 8th, I left
Williamsburg. The wounded had not all been sent off. * * During the battle at Gaines's Mill, June 27th, the greater
portion of the command was detailed to guard the bridges, and to destroy them after the passage of our troops. I spent a
portion of the day on the battlefield; but can give no detailed account of the engagement, not being familiar with the position
of the troops. They were exposed to an artillery fire, at long range, throughout the day, and to a severe musketry fire at
different times during the day. The majority of the wounds on this occasion, and during the whole campaign, were indicted by
the conoidal musket ball, but many also by the round musket ball. On the morning of June 28th, all our troops had crossed
the Chickahominy, and the enemy opened with round shot from the other side, and the bridges were blown up. We went into
camp at Savage's Station, a depot for the wounded. The supplies of food, water, and hospital stores were abundant, though
many of the patients were not sheltered. Late in the afternoon of this day, the command proceeded to James River, in advance
of the army, and communicated with the gunboats. Without meeting the enemy, we reached Carter's Landing on the evening
of June 29th. During the night the wounded that had been able to walk from Savage's Station, together with many stragglers,
collected, and they continued to pour in during June 30th, until some thousand sick, wounded, and deserters were assembled.
Three hundred of the worst cases were selected and sent to Fort Monroe on a gunboat. The buildings on Carter's place were
used to receive those requiring shelter; the remainder congregated about those buildings. On July 1st, the wounded from the
battle of White Oak Swamp and Malvern Hill came in upon ambulances. Early in the day, Surgeon F. H. Hamilton, U. S. V.,
arrived, with instructions from Medical Director Tripler to establish general hospitals. Straw being abundant, some seven
hundred were very comfortably accommodated, a number of medical officers that had been detached from their commands were
assigned to different buildings, and to the care of those in the yard. I, being left in charge of the hospital, received a sufficient
number of cooks and attendants from stragglers collected from the crowd of deserters. I also received an abundant supply of
commissary stores from a steamer unloading at Carter's Landing. An abundant supply of beef was also provided, and good
water being easily accessible, the men did not suffer for want of nourishment, though medical supplies and dressings were
limited. During the day, some operations were performed, and all the wounds wTere dressed, and the men were cheered by the
prospect of going down the river on hospital transports the following day. At daylight, the next morning, it commenced raining.
The steamer, with its stores, had gone, and the tone of everything was changed. The army had passed us on the way to Harrison's
Landing. I was ordered to rejoin my command. After starting those able to walk for Harrison's Landing, and loading the
ambulances, of which a number had accumulated, and directing them to the same point, I left the few remaining patients in the
hands of Surgeon M. Rizer, 72d Pennsylvania Volunteers, and joined the command to which I was attached." * * *
LXIII. Extracts from a Report of his Services in the Medical Staff, from May, 1861, to
May, 1803. By Assistant Surgeon C. E. GODDARD, U. S. Army.
" I reported at Fort Hamilton on May 28th, 1861, to Captain A. Doubledny, and, on the following day, went
with companies E and H, 1st U. S. Artillery, just returned from Fort Sumter, South Carolina, and joined General Patterson's
column at Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. * Throughout the summer, the command suffered but little sickness, none of the
soldiers being attacked by anything more grave than ordinary summer diarrhoea. * * On September 3d, the command
proceeded to Washington. While there, we had few sick. * * We were joined by company K, 4th U. S. Artillery, under
Captain De Russy, and by Captain Tidball's battery. We remained on Capitol Hill until October 30, 1861. I had few cases
of illness. Diarrhoea, gonorrhoea, and syphilis were the principal diseases I had to treat. * * On October 30th, we moved
to Hudd's Ferry, Captain Getty's battery having joined us, and, on the 3d of November, we arrived at General Hooker's position
on the Potomac River. : Soon after, typhoid fever began to show itself in the command, and, during the winter, I had
REPORTS OF ASSISTANT SURGEONS GODDARD AND SMITH. 75
six men and one officer ill with this disease. The type of fever was mild, hut I was obliged to send the patients to the division
hospital. The other diseases noted were catarrhs incident to exposure and remittent fever. On March 4th, 18G2, the battery
with which I was serving proceeded with General Hooker's division to Fort Monroe, but did not land, because an attack was
feared by the rebel iron-clad Merrimac ; and the transports, therefore, landed on the north side of the Peninsula, at the mouth
of Cheesmaii's Creek. We encamped here until March 15th, and then moved to the lines before Yorktown. Here, the
artillerymen had much night duty, but none of them were wounded. But five cases of typhoid fever occurred, and twenty of
camp diarrhoea. After the evacuation of Yorktown, the command moved with General Hooker's division, and met the enemy
at Williamsburg. Two of the batteries to which I was attached were placed in front of Fort Magruder, and I was occupied
with them during the whole of the day, and had no opportunity to see anything of the rest of the battle. Fifteen of the men
were wounded, and two of the officers. Battery K, the only regular battery, lost four of its pieces, and after the capture of
these and the withdrawal of our infantry supports, I could no longer be of service with them, and reported to the medical
director at the division field hospital, established at Allen's Farm, about two miles from Williamsburg. This I did at five in the
afternoon, and was occupied here for five days in dressing wounds and assisting in operations. I observed, during this battle,
that the morale of the men of the command was good, their strength being four hundred men, including the two volunteer
batteries. Their medical supplies were sufficient. The wounded were removed to the field depots on stretchers, and from
there to the field hospital in ambulances. The men of the batteries were exposed to the fire of round shot and spherical case
from Fort Magruder, and the fire of the sharpshooters in the rifle pits, from seven in the morning till three in the afternoon.
After the necessary dressings, the wounded were removed to the general hospitals in Baltimore and Washington. The
operations in my command were those of minor surgery, with the exception of one primary amputation, in the case of an
officer. Chloroform was the anaesthetic used. Out of the four hundred men serving with the command, fifteen men and two
officers were wounded. * * On May 10th, we were put in position to guard the bridge at White Oak Swamp. During our
stay there, one officer of the command died of typhoid fever, and six men were sent to the division hospital with that disease.
On May 31st, we were ordered to Fair Oaks, to reinforce General Heintzelman. We arrived late, and did not go into action.
We encamped here until June 528th, and then retreated to Harrison's Landing, and were only engaged at Malvern Hill on .July
1st, where but two men of battery K, 4th artillery, were wounded. I was occupied nearly all day in the general hospital, at
the brick house, on the summit of Malvern Hill." *
LXIV. Extracts from a Narrative of the Services in the Afedical Staff, from December 20M,
1861, to May ZM, 1863. By Assistant Surgeon A. H. SMITH, U. S. Army.
" My connection with the army began as assistant surgeon of the 43d New York Volunteers. I reported for duty
December 20, 1861. The regiment was with the Army of the Potomac, near Chain Bridge. Little of interest occurred until
the Army was transferred to the Peninsula. Being required to leave our hospital tents at Alexandria, we were without any
special accommodations for the sick during the advance to Yorktown, hospital tents being issued to us about the first of
April. Fortunately, although the weather was wet and cold, \ve had but little sickness during that period. On April 3d, I was
detailed to take medical charge of the 6th Maine Volunteers, during the temporary absence of the medical officers of that
regiment. During a reconnaissance on April 6th, three men were wounded by one of the enemy's shells, one requiring
amputation of the arm, which I performed on the field. Returning to the 43d New York Volunteers, I was near the scene
of action at Lee's Mills, and assisted in caring for the wounded. The first surgical attendance they received was at a small
house about a mile from the field. The attention consisted in the extraction of balls, the application of cold-water dressings,
the administration of food and stimulants, and the free use of morphia. Water, tea, coffee, and commissary stores were
abundant, but no soup was on hand. The wounded were removed to the hospitals on stretchers, and some in the arms of their
comrades. Both conoidal and round musket balls were extracted. About the '23d of April, I was detailed as assistant in the
field hospital of the brigade, a mile in the rear. This consisted of four tents and four flies, capable of accommodating sixty-four
patients. Rude bunks were constructed with poles resting on crotches. We had about twenty bed-sacks, which were used
for the worst cases. The principal diseases were diarrhoea and typhoid fever. But few wounded were received. After the
evacuation of Yorktown, 1 was left alone, and the number of sick was increased to one hundred and twenty-five, the greater
portion of them sleeping in shelter tents. We had a large cooking stove and two good cooks, and, as there was an abundance
of fresh beef and flour, beef tea and flour grutd were furnished to the sick. A few days subsequently, I was ordered to remove
my sick to Yorktown. The distance was ten miles, much of it over a corduroy road, and the weather was very sultry. A
quantity of hay was placed in the wagons, and about forty of the most feeble patients were placed upon it. One man, with a
gunshot fracture of both bones of the leg, was carried the whole distance on a stretcher ; while another, shot through the lung,
ten days before, rode my horse, with a man walking on each side to hold him on. Both recovered. The remainder walked,
some of them not reaching Yorktown until the third day ; but all eventually reported in safety. But one death occurred as the
immediate result of the transportation, while many recoveries seemed actually to date from the journey. After two weeks of
hospital duty at Yorktown, I was placed in charge of the steamer Louisiana, with orders to fit her up. and take a load of sick
to Washington. Though a large boat, the ventilation was so defective that only two hundred and fifty patients could be carried
with safety. Returning to Yorktown, I resumed my hospital duties. The buildings in Yorktown were, for the most
part, ill adapted for use as hospitals. The town was also in an utterly indescribable condition of filth. This evil was rapidly
corrected by the efforts of the medical director and the provost marshal, a large number of negroes being employed in policing.
The supply of medicine and hospital stores was at first very inadequate, but the deficiency was soon remedied. On May '27th,
I was ordered to rejoin my regiment, then on the Chickahominy. There I found an appointment as surgeon of the 94th New
York awaiting me. As that regiment was at Manassas, I started for Fort Monroe on my way to join it. At the White House,
I was placed on a boat having on board nearly six hundred wounded from the battle of Fair Oaks. The condition of these
men was pitiable. They were in the clothes in which they fell, generally saturated with blood, ami their wounds were, in
76 APPENDED DOCUMENTS — PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.
many cases, filled with mnggots. There were five medical officers on board, besides dressers and female nurses. By the time
we reached Fort Monroe, every man had been washed, had his wounds dressed, and been supplied with clean under-clothing.
On arriving at Fort Monroe, I received orders from the medical director to proceed with the boat to New York. Returning
thence to Washington, I passed my examination for the position of assistant surgeon in the regular army, before the board
then in session, after which, I joined the 94th New York Volunteers at Manassas."
LXV. Extracts from a Narrative of his /Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon
H. S. SCHELL, II. S. Army.
* * * "On July 16lh, 1801, I was ordered by Surgeon W. S. King, U. S. A., medical director of General McDowell's
army, to proceed to Alexandria, and organize a general hospital in a building that had been used as a seminary. ' On
the evening of the Sunday on which the battle of Bull Run was fought, I was ordered by Surgeon General Finley to report to
General McDowell. In the middle of August, I was ordered to report to General W. T. Sherman, and was assigned to duty
with the regular troops in his division, consisting of two batteries of the 2d and 3d U. S. Artillery, and a squadron of cavalry.
* * We embarked, with the rest of the army, at Alexandria for Fort Monroe, and reached Yorktown on April 6th, 1862.
On this day, we had five men wounded by the artillery fire directed on our batteries. One of these, perhaps the first man
wounded on the Peninsula, had his left thigh crushed in the middle third by a fragment of shrapnel. I performed immediate
amputation, but the shock was too great, and the man expired shortly afterwards. I, fortunately, had abundant supplies of all
kinds for the men. * * A division hospital was established, and the wounded were removed there that evening. * * On
the 27th of May, we moved to Hanover Court-house and engaged a force of the enemy, estimated at seven thousand. General
F. J. Porter's division, to which we were attached, lost about two hundred and fifty men. On this occasion, as on several
others, I found it impracticable to attend more than a single battery in the time of action, because of the distance intervening
between batteries of the same division, and their frequent changes on the field. Another difficulty was packing up and
transporting soiled and bloody instruments, dressings, and other appliances, to attend to cases, perhaps a mile apart. I would
respectfully recommend that medical officers of batteries, in time of action, should attach themselves to a single one, and leave
others to be attended to by the medical officers of the supporting regiment of infantry. ; : I took possession of a small
house in advance of the position of our guns, and it was soon filled with wounded Confederates. Only one man was wounded
in our battery. I obtained an abundance of water and food for these patients, and the next day had them removed to a hospital
near Gaines's Mill, about twenty miles distant. The fight lasted scarcely thirty minutes. The fire of the enemy was from
musketry at short range, from fifty to one hundred yards. The operations performed were primary amputations. * * We
camped at Gaines's Mill until June 26th, and then marched to Mechanicsville, but did not participate in the engagement. We
returned to Gaines's Mill during the night, and were attacked the next day. The strength of the command was five officers
and one hundred and thirty-three men. Owing to various debilitating circumstances, their grade of vitality was lowered. At
the commencement of the engagement at Gaines's Mill, the batteries were close together, and I established a depot, for the care
of the wounded in their midst, in a house belonging to one Adams. Two of the batteries moved off presently, and I lost sight
of them, being preoccupied by the wounded brought to me. My depot had become a hospital for the surrounding infantry
regiments, and nearly three hundred wounded men were accumulated, while five or six surgeons came to assist in attending
them. These wounded had the necessary primary dressings and operations, and two bundled of them were sent, immediately
afterwards, to the other side of the Chickahominy, some in ambulances and some on foot. Most of the medical supplies had
been previously sent across the Chickahominy, so that our stores were deficient. * * In company with Assistant Surgeon
E. J. Marsh, U. S. A., I remained, during the falling back of our forces from the battle-ground of Gaines's Mills, at a
house used as a hospital, and situated very near the centre of our lines during the action. In consequence of this position, the
hospital was surrounded by dead bodies of men and horses, and, together with its outhouses, was filled to overflowing with
wounded. Among the cases, numbering in all one hundred and twenty, there was a large portion of very severe ones,
so that nearly, if not fully three-fourths of them were unable to move without assistance. These comprised four cases of
fracture of the skull, ten cases of wounds of the abdomen, twenty of the chest, six of the pelvis, nine of the larger joints,
and thirty-nine cases of fracture of the long bones. For five days after the engagement, we had but three assistants;
scarcely enough to carry water; and, in consequence, was obliged to use every man who was but slightly wounded only
in an arm as a nurse. At the teimination of the above-named period, we succeeded in obtaining six prisoners, who were
paroled not to escape. These men were detailed for nurses, but a more worthless half dozen it would have been difficult to
find. The ration furnished for the patient by the Confederate authorities consisted of flour and bacon, with a small proportion
of beans, salt beef, and salt. The quantity was exceedingly small, and many of the poor wretches forgot the pain of their
injuries in the more terrible pangs of hur/ger. But while food was scarce, maggots were abundant, crowding and rolling in
every wound, and searching beneath the dressings to fasten upon every excoriation. Oil of turpentine and infusion of tobacco
and of the flowers of the elderberry were tried, for the purpose of getting rid of this pest; but the most effectual means was
found to be the dressing forceps ; and to keep a wound clean, it required to be examined every two or three hours. A solution
of camphor in oil, is an excellent remedy, if applied directly to the bodies of the intruders, the secretions of the wound
having been previously removed by a piece of sponge. It seems to me that the maggot actually does damage in a wound ;
although not by attacking the living tissues, but only by the annoyance created by the continual sensation of crawling and
irritation which it occasions, and of which the patient often complains bitterly. In certain states of the system, the nervous
excitement or irritability thus engendered must react injuriously upon the parts. The large number of severe cases rendered
some crowding necessary, although the men were kept as much in the open air as possible. The fierce rays of a July sun soon
started the usual series of changes in the dead bodies of horses and half-buried men, which strewed the earth for a mile around
the house. Every hot breath of wind, as it swept over the field, came saturated with the disgusting odor of putrescent animal
matter. All night, when the air was quiet, it became, on this account, peculiarly oppressive. In a few days, a feeling of languor
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SURGEON BROWN. 77
and debility seized upon the surgeons, assistants, and patients. Every fractured leg, or other part of the body that required to
be kept in one position, excoriated and sloughed wherever it touched a point of support. Many of the wounds began to look
badly ; typhous symptoms rapidly developed ; operative cases showed little or no disposition to heal ; three or four cases of
pure typhus occurred, and one half of the whole number of these unfortunate men died during the month. Of five major
amputations, two only survived, and the same result occurred in a like number of resections. With this frightful mortality, let
me contrast the result of the cases in a hospital situated about a mile in the rear of the foregoing one, on the summit of a hill,
and in a perfectly sweet and pure atmosphere. I had in this building and its out-houses one hundred and six cases, among
which there were two cases of fractures of the skull, twelve cases of gunshot wounds of the chest, two cases of wounds of the
abdomen, three cases of wounds of the pelvis, seven cases of fractures of the long bones, three cases of wounds of the larger
joints, ten major amputations, and one resection. In the entire number, only four died, and the operative cases all did well.
In the one case of resection, I removed the shattered head of the humerus and three and a half inches of the shaft, ; and when
I last saw the patient he was almost well. In the hospital, a mile in the rear, there was not so large a proportion of severe
cases as in the former; but the chief cause of the striking difference in the results lay, I think, in the purity of the atmosphere
surrounding it. The attendants whom I had here were fewer in number than in the other, and the diet was precisely the same.
In both cases, there was a plentiful supply of fresh water in the vicinity. On my return to the command with which I was
serving, I found it encamped at Harrison's Landing, James River, on a slight swell of ground, about half a mile from the
stream. The intervening surface was ilat, destitute of trees, intersected by ditches, and, after rains, covered by pools of standing
water, which dried up very gradually. The principal affection was some disturbance of the digestive system, commonly
diarrhoea, and this particularly liable to run into the chronic form."
LXVI. JExtract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff, from April 24M,
1861, to June 17M, 1863. By Assistant Surgeon H. E. BROWN, U. S. Army.
"I was appointed, on April '26th, assistant surgeon of the 1st regiment of the Excelsior Brigade, a regiment
subsequently designated as the 70th New York Volunteers. '' ' In addition to my daily duty as regimental medical officer,
I was assigned to the duty of examining recruits for the brigade. All recruits were thoroughly inspected according to the plan
pursued in the regular service. The brigade was stationed at Camp Scott, Staten Island, New York, until June 23d, 1861.
Its strength increased from three to five thousand, and not a single death occurred in the command during the two months; to
which I refer as an instance of exemption from disease worthy of note, and due to a thorough system of policing. On June
23d, the 70th New York was ordered to Washington, and was stationed on Meridian Hill until August 15th, and then moved to
Good Hope, D. C., where they remained throughout the autumn. The health of the command while at Good Hope was
remarkably good. The camp was on the side of a hill, with good drainage, and excellent spring water near by. The men
were employed in drilling, and in the duty of building fortifications. The prevalent diseases were diarrhoea and dysentery,
brought on by imprudent indulgence in luxuries furnished by the sutlers. Not a single death occurred, not a man was
discharged for disability, and but one was sent to general hospital during this period. About the 1st of September, the
regiment was ordered to make a march through Prince George, Charles, and St. Mary's counties, Maryland, for the purpose
of breaking up the contraband trade across the lower Potomac. They were absent about a month, marching, on an average,
about ten miles a day, and bivouacking at night without tents. During the march, the health of the regiment was excellent, and
in several companies not a single man reported sick. In the latter part of the autumn, the regiment marched with General
Hooker's column to Sandy Point, in the lower Potomac, and was there stationed until their embarkation for Yorktown in
April, 1862. The health of the command was good throughout this whole period, with the exception of a short epidemic
of typhoid fever in December and January, from which six deaths resulted. The strength of the regiment at this time was
one thousand and eighty-three, and about thirty were discharged on surgeon's certificate of disability, and a number were
transferred to other regiments, to reduce the strength to the maximum of one thousand and thirty-six allowed by law. It is
worthy of remark that the sickness during this time was almost entirely confined to those companies of the regiment which
were recruited in the country. Thus, a company from the woods of Michigan suffered more than any other, while city companies,
composed of a lower grade of men, were the healthiest. I would also remark that those who were most sick most frequently
visited the sutlers. The vile trash sold by this pest of the army producing dysentery, diarrhoea, and other diseases of the
alimentary canal, while those who confined their diet to the strict soldiers' rations were healthy and hardy men. The winter
quarters of the men were of logs, filled in with mud, a detailed report of the construction of which I forwarded in October,
1863, at his request, to Lieutenant Colonel E. P. Vollum, medical inspector United States Army, and which will probably be
found in that bureau. During the winter, and subsequent to the evacuation of the Confederate batteries on the Potomac, the
regiment twice crossed the Potomac for reconnaissance. The first time to Dumfries, and the last to Stafford Court-house,
Virginia, in the latter case, having a severe skirmish with a large body of cavalry, defeating them and burning their camps,
with a loss to them, as acknowledged by rebel newspapers, of upwards of a hundred in killed, wounded, and missing. Our
loss being one wounded and four missing.
About the first of April, the division embarked on transports for Yorktown, landing first at Ship Point, and marching
thence to the front. Their position in line was on the right of the army, in the Third Corps, between the division of General
Porter and that of General Hamilton. General Porter held the extreme right, resting on the York River. During the month
which followed, the regiment was actively engaged in the duties incident to the siege. The casualties during this time being
one killed and two wounded. On May 4th, 1862, Yorktown was evacuated by the enemy, and General Hooker's division, with
General Stoneman's cavalry, formed the advance in pursuit. By General Hooker's order, I was directed to remain behind, in
charge of the sick of the division. The sick of the division, embracing thirteen regiments, numbered three hundred and
ninety-three, ;is near as I can remember. Of these, about seventy-five were serious cases of typhoid fever and typhoid
78 APPENDED DOCUMENTS PENINSULAE CAMPAIGN.
dysentery, the remainder being convalescents, rheumatic cases, and malingerers. I established my camp on the site of General
Hooker's headquarters, placing the men on the ground, not having any bunks, in hospital tents, as far as I could, and placing
the less serious cases in wall and shelter tents. I was at first very inefficiently supplied with food and medicines, but obtained
a supply for temporary use from the post medical director at Yorktown. I remained at this place until the 20th of May, when,
our camp having been attacked by guerrillas, I was ordered by General Van Allen, military governor of Yorktown, to remove
my sick to that place, which I accordingly did, and, on reporting to Assistant Surgeon Greenleaf, U. S. A., post medical
director, was by him assigned to the charge of the warehouse hospital. During my stay at Camp Winfield Scott, there were
thirteen deaths, one hundred and ten transferred with me to Yorktown, and the remainder returned to duty with their
regiments. On May 27th, by orders of Medical Director Tripler, I proceeded to rejoin my regiment, at that time stationed at
White Oak Swamp, on the extreme left of the army in front of Richmond.
On May 31st, occurred the battle of the Seven Pines. The second and third brigades of General Hooker's division were
ordered at four in the afternoon, to reinforce General Casey and General Couch, and mai-ched for that purpose to the battlefield,
arriving just at dusk. The third brigade was ordered to the trenches, and our brigade bivouacked for the night within a
quarter of a mile. At 6 a. m., on June 1st, the enemy renewed the attack, and the third brigade being ordered to the right to
the line of the railroad, the second brigade, comprising the 1st, 2d, 3d, 4th, and 5th Excelsior regiments, were ordered to
advance, to repel the attack. The enemy were posted in the woods, at the edge of a ravine, about a mile in advance of where
the attack had been made on General Casey, the previous day. Our troops had to advance across an open field fronting these
woods, which thev did in gallant style, firing one volley, and then charging in line of battle into the woods, and driving the
enemy before them. After this, severe artillery firing was heard throughout the day, until towards evening, when a reconnais
sance proved that the enemy had retired towards Richmond. The next morning, Monday, an advance was ordered, and the
division, marching on the old Williamsburg turnpike, advanced to within six miles of Richmond, without meeting any signs of
the enemy, except the countless slain and wounded of the two previous days, which lay scattered thickly in every direction.
At this point, they were met by an order from headquarters, directing them to fall back and occupy a camp at that locality
known as the Seven Pines. At the commencement of this engagement, the general depot for wounded of the division was
established at a house directly in the rear of the field, where the action commenced on Sunday. To this depot, all the medical
officers reported, and Surgeon T. Sim, medical director, from time to time, detailed such to go on the field and assist in removing
the wounded as were needed, retaining the others as operating surgeons and assistants. The wounded were brought in at
first on stretchers, but afterwards, as the tide of battle receded, in ambulances. The want of a properly instructed ambulance
corps was severely felt here, as well as at all subsequent engagements which came under my notice. The regular hospital
attendants were needed as cooks and assistants at the general depot, and the bands of the various regiments proved utterly
worthless in bringing off the wounded, behaving with the utmost cowardice, and required more persons to wratch and see that
they did their duty than their services were worth. As a natural consequence of this, whenever a man fell out of the ranks,
wounded, four, and sometimes six of his comrades, would fall out for the purpose of carrying him away, thus seriously
depleting the ranks, and affording opportunity to the skulkers and cowards to sneak away. The supplies for the wounded
were abundant, and the arrangements were excellent. A fine well on the spot furnished water, an outhouse was converted
into a kitchen and supply store, and a competent man was placed in charge. Soup, coffee, and crackers were ready at all
hours for such as needed them. The medical stores of our regiment furnished a sufficiency of whiskey and other stimulants,
and I believe this was the case with the other regiments. The only articles deficient were chloroform and ether; and this. I
think, was not due to any neglect, but to the fact of the unusually large number of wounded, we having to attend not only to
those of our own division, but to all of those wounded in the battle of May 31st, the ground of which was occupied by the enemy
until Saturday afternoon. Nearly all of our men brought in were wounded with the conoidal or mini6 ball. I saw but one by
cannon or round balls. There was one case of bayonet wound, and this man had two wounds from gunshot and five bayonet
wounds; and these last, he asserted, he received while lying on the field, after being wounded. The rebels captured by us were
wounded with the bayonet, with round "ball and buck shot, and with the conoidal ball, and some few had shell wounds, the
conoidal ball, however, preponderating. The wounded, immediately after being attended to, were placed in ambulances and
removed to Savage's Station, to be sent thence, by railroad, to the White House, for transportation north. So far as I saw,
the operations were chiefly primary amputations, the excisions being but few in number. Chloroform was chiefly employed,
or chloric ether, and I neither saw nor heard of any deaths from either. On Monday, June 2d, the enemy having been driven
from the battlefield, the general depot was moved two miles further in front, and many of the wounded who had lain forty-eight
hours on the field were here attended to. These poor unfortunates were in a most pitiable condition, weak and faint from loss
of blood and want of food, and nearly dead of the horrible thirst which their wounds and the hot sun had produced ; while, to
add to their misery, maggots appeared in large numbers in their wounds. These men were tenderly cared for, as far as our
means would allow, and forwarded, like the rest, to the WThite House. * * Until June 25th, I was engaged with the daily
duties of the regiment, encamped on the battlefield of May 31st, and, in conjunction with the other regiments of the division,
picketed the left of the line. A more horrible place for a camp could not be conceived. Over three thousand dead had been
buried there ; the ground was covered with the remains of clothing and commissary stores. Dead horses, which had been but
insufficiently buried or burnt, filled the air with a noxious effluvium, and the only water was that obtained from the surface, or
by digging down a few feet, and this infiltrated with the decaying animal matter of the battlefield. The duties of the men were
very laborious, enough to break down a strong man under the most favorable circumstances. Under this combination of
circumstances, therefore, it is not to be wondered that sickness broke out in the command. So far as my observation went, it
took chiefly the form of a low typhoid diarrhoea or dysentery, which did not yield in the least to the ordinary remedies for such
diseases. The prescription which I found of most value was a powder composed of five grains of the mercury and chalk of the
plmrmacopaeia, six grains of Dover's powder, and two grains of sulphate of quinia, administered several times a day, according
to circumstances. Avoidance of exposure to the sun was a very necessary precaution. Under this treatment, most of the cases
recovered in from three to five days. Intermittent fever at one time threatened to be a serious evil, but a liberal administration
REPORTS OF ASSISTANT SURGEONS WHITTINGHAM AND WATERS. 79
of quinia dissolved in whiskey, to the whole command checked its progress. During this period, the average number of sick
was one hundred and twenty, in a regiment hut two hundred and fifty strong.
On June 25th, General Hooker's and General Kearney's divisions were ordered to advance on the enemy's pickets. The
pickets being driven in, a severe engagement took place, which lasted about six hours, and ended in our driving the enemy
about two miles, when an order was given for us to fall back to our line of entrenchments. Our depot for wounded in this
engagement was placed at Peach Orchard Station, on the railroad, and about half a mile in the rear of the field of battle. The
supplies were good, the tents sufficient, and, in fact, the remarks made in reference to the engagement at Seven Pines will apply
here. During the engagement, I took two hundred wounded to the White House on rail cars. On my return, the battle of
Gaines's Mill had been fought and lost, and the order for retreat was in contemplation. The enemy had appeared at Bottom's
Bridge, threatening the hospitals in that vicinity. I was detailed by General Hooker to proceed thither, and to break up the
hospital of his division, and to proceed with such of the men as could travel to the nearest point on the James River, and to
await further orders. At three o'clock A. M. on June 27th, I removed about two hundred and fifty of the slight cases, leaving
behind seventy-five very sick men in charge of Acting Assistant Surgeon J. W. Powell and Assistant Surgeon McAllister, 71st
New York Volunteers. All of them, including the medical officers, were made prisoners.
I proceeded, with my command, across White Oak Swamp Bridge, reaching the estate of Hill Carter, opposite City
Point, Virginia, about six A. M. on June 28th, and reported to Major Pleasonton, U. S. A., in charge of that point Large
numbers of sick and wounded from other points coming in during the day, and there being no order or discipline in regard to
them, many large bodies being without any medical officer whatever, I was detailed by Major Pleasonton as local medical
director, with instructions to organize the men, and separate them into their appropriate corps, and to provide food for them ;
a work of great difficulty, but which, with the valuable assistance of Chaplain W. H. Cudworth, 1st Massachusetts Volunteers,
I at length succeeded in doing, issuing about seven thousand rations, which I obtained from the steamer Spaulding, which
opportunely arrived at this time. Here I remained until the evening of June 31st, when, our army having all passed by during
the night, Major Pleasonton directed me to send my men to Harrison's Landing, five miles below." *
LXVII. Extract from a Narrative of his /Services in the Medical Staff, from December 3 d,
1861, to June 3d, 1863. By Assistant Surgeon EDWARD T. WHITTINGHAM:, U. S. Army.
* "On the 14th of May, 1862, I relieved Assistant Surgeon J. J. Woodward, U. S. A., of his duties with the
artillery of the first division of the Third Corps, Army of the Potomac. General Kearney commanded the division ; General
Heintzelman, the corps. I continued with that command until February 20th, 1863, when Surgeon Letterman, U. S. A.,
medical director of the army, assigned me to the 3d regiment U. S. Infantry, attached to General Sykes's division, the second
of tbe Fifth Corps. From December 20th, 1862, until February 20th, 1863, I acted as medical director of the Third Corps.
The division to which I had the honor to belong, * in all its many marches, bivouacs, encampments, battles,
retreats, and defeats, it appears to me that its sanitary condition, under the circumstances, has always been excellent. Previous
to the battle of Fair Oaks it was all that could be desired, and more than could be expected. The sultry heats which ensued,
alternating with cold and severe rains; the previous exposure in the swamps, and labor in the trenches in front of Yorktown;
the miserable location of many of the camps on the very battlefield ; the badness of the water and air, rendered fetid by the
emanations from the ill-made and numerous graves around, and the constant state of mental excitement and watchfulness
caused by the nearness of the enemy, combined, at that time, to damage seriously the health of the troops, and proportionately
their spirits. To these causes, and the endemic malaria of the climate, may be attributed the fever and diarrhoea of the
Chickahominy, since become but too well known. At Banks's Ford, despite the hardships of winter exposure, despite the
fatigues and despondencies of two long and unfortunate battles, the health of the men was good, chiefly in consequence, as far
as my observation goes, of the excellence and plentifulness of the commissariat and of the clothing issued. At no time have I
seen the command at all demoralized by disaster, by disease, or by the inaction of camp life. The strength of the artillery of a
division is, generally, about four hundred men, belonging to three batteries. * * More than two batteries of the division
were never engaged at one time, while I served with them. On the Peninsula, the supplies of medicines and hospital stores
were ample. Sometimes, during an engagement, there would be a temporary deficiency, after those carried in the knapsacks
had been exhausted, from the difficulty of getting at the wagons in which they were conveyed. Ample accommodations in the
way of ambulances and tents could be procured, but were not always available, from the fortunes of war. At the battle of Fair
Oaks, many of the wounded were attended in a house immediately behind the last line of battle. My command not being
engaged, I was able to render my services in that hospital. I estimate the number I dressed at fifty. The operations were
there limited to those where immediate surgical interference was necessary, sucli as the extraction of balls and dressing of
wounds. A few amputations and excisions were performed. The majority of injuries were inflicted by conoidal balls, round
musket balls, and buckshot. The necessity of keeping the roads open for the passage of troops, in the last four of the Seven days'
battles, rendered the transportation of the wounded in ambulances difficult. Most of those able to walk found their way to
hospitals in the rear ; while those who were severely hurt could not be collected or carried from the field, because the army
retired after each engagement. * At the battle of Nelson's farm, I was ordered to establish a hospital on the Charles City
road, about half a mile from the field. I had no supplies but such as could be carried in a hospital knapsack. Nearly one
hundred men, however, were there dressed and attended to. Water was plenty and good. * * At Nelson's farm, the
approximate strength of the artillerymen of the Third Corps was two hundred and fifty men. They were under fire of both
artillery and musketry about three hours. The casualties numbered twenty-three, mostly from small arms. ' ' At Malvern
Hill, the hospitals were half a mile in the rear. The men present for duty in the artillery reserve of the Third Corps numbered
two hundred and fifteen. There were but four casualties, two from round shot and two from conoidal musket balls.
80 APPENDED DOCUMENTS PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.
LXVIII. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon
"W. E. WATERS, U. S. Army.
* * * "On March 27th, 1862, the division of General F. J. Porter, accompanied by the commander of the Third
Corps, General Heintzelman, made a reconnaissance to Big Bethel and beyond, the advance proceeding nearly as far as Lee's
Mill. A few cavalry pickets were seen near Big Bethel, who rapidly retired as our forces approached. The same day, the
enemy abandoned their works on the James Eiver, below Yorktown, and those between the river and the direct route to that
place. The division returned to camp near Hampton, and, on April 4th, led the advance of the right wing of the army to
Yorktown, by wav of Big Bethel. When near Yorktown, a few shots were fired by the enemy from a light battery within their
works at that place. This fire was promptly responded to by one of our batteries, when the enemy fell back. No casualties
occurred on either side. Our forces then advanced a few miles and bivouacked for the night, and, on the following day, marched
to the front at Yorktown. When within about a mile of the fortification, the enemy commenced firing, to which our light
batteries replied, with little effect, however, in consequence of the long range. The firing continued, at intervals, throughout
the day, and, in the brigades of General Martindale and General Morell, about five men were killed and twenty wounded. The
casualties were all produced by artillery missiles ; some by round shot and others by fragments of shell. The division of General
Porter held the extreme right of the line resting on York River, and the next was the division of General Hamilton. A
few earth works were thrown up the first night, for the protection of our batteries. After bivouacking for two or three days in
the woods, our infantry retired to a camping ground not directly within the range of the enemy's guns, and commenced the
work of building batteries, trenches, and roads. This proved to be a work of great magnitude, and was continued uninterruptedly
for a month. One of these batteries mounted 100 and 200-pound Parrott guns, having, in easy range, the enemy's works,
both at Yorktown and Gloucester Point, opposite. During the siege, occasional casualties were reported ; but, considering the
number of men constantly at work, and the almost as constant firing by the enemy, our loss was very small indeed. When our
formidable works were completed, the ordnance in them ready to open upon the enemy, after a night of the most terrific firing,
during which the missiles from the enemy's guns fell thick around our works and throughout our camps, the morning of May
4th, 1862, dawned upon the deserted fortifications of Yorktown. One of the most barbarous practices of civilized warfare was
adopted by the enemy, in placing on all the approaches to the abandoned fortifications numerous torpedoes, which, when trod
upon, exploded, killing and wounding men and horses. The barracks, houses, tents, and streets of the deserted town exhibited
a most shameful want of cleanliness, and the large number of graves in the vicinity bore evidence of its effect upon the health
of the troops. The hospitals were found empty. * * On May 27th, the division was engaged in the battle of Hanover
Court-house. The general condition of the men, their health, and power of endurance, together with their courage and
determination, were such as to cause their general to expect much of them. * * The strength of the command I would
estimate at thirteen thousand. The amount of medical supplies was sufficient, but hospital stores were not so abundant,
as the command moved in light marching order without any wagons. Very suitable food was procured from the resources
of the country, and the wounded received an abundance. The fight was of short duration, and ample accommodations
were found in houses in the immediate vicinity of the field for hospital purposes, and the wounded received prompt and
proper attention. Abundance of water and food were furnished, and the patients were not exposed to cold or rains. The
wounded were removed on stretchers to the nearest hospitals, and in ambulances to those more remote. The fire was principally
musketry at ordinary range. The smooth-bore musket was mostly used by the enemy. The wounded were removed to hospitals
established to receive them in houses and barns, near Gaines's Mill. The casualties consisted of about sixty killed and about
two hundred wounded. In addition to these, more than a hundred badly wounded rebels fell into our hands. The enemy
was routed. On the next day, having accomplished all the expedition was intended to accomplish, we fell back to camp,
removing all the wounded, both our own and those of the enemy. * * The battle of June 27th was fought late in the
afternoon, and the troops were well prepared for it, having eaten their rations, and rested after the march of the morning.
The men appeared willing to meet the enemy, and were sanguine of success. * * At Gaines's Mill, the principal hospital
for the division was a large house about one-third of a mile in the rear of the line of battle. * * At Malvern Hill, though
our soldiers had lived for several days principally on hard bread, and were weary from marching and loss of rest, when they
were brought to confront the enemy they displayed the bravery and determination which, with their regard for discipline,
made it one of the very best divisions in the army. The strength of the command was probably less than ten thousand of such
as could go into action. At Malvern Hill, a hospital for the corps was established about a mile and a half from the field,
and was abundantly supplied with soup, etc. * * The wounded were much exposed to a cold rain after the battle at
They were removed to Harrison's Landing in ambulances, where a shelter was soon improvised. * * The
number of operations performed on the field during the Seven-days battle was comparatively few, as our forces were either
In ven from their positions or abandoned them for strategic purposes. At Gaines's Mill, our troops were routed, after a battle
of two hours, and at Malvern Hill the heat of the fight occurred late in the afternoon. Here the enemy were handsomely
Iriven back, yet our forces retired during the night, leaving many wounded to fall into the hands of tlie enemy. Many medical
ire remained with them on both battle fields. * The official reports of these battles showed four hundred and sixteen
lied, including twenty officers, and eighteen hundred and seventy-one wounded, among whom were eighty-six officers, making
an aggregate of two thousand two hundred and eighty-seven, or one-fourth, probablv, of the effective strength of the division
when it went into action on June 27th." * * *
REPORTS OF SURGEONS SPENCER AND HAND. 81
LXIX. Extract from a Personal History of his Services daring the War. By Assistant Surgeon
\V. C. SPENCEK, U. S. Army.
"On March, 1862, I was assigned to the 4th United States Infantry, in the regular division, and with it served
throughout the peninsular campaign. * The principal actions at which I have been present, and in which the division
of regular infantry was engaged, were those of Gaines's Mill and Malvern Hill. In each of these engagements, I was detailed
with Surgeon Bigelow, U. S. V., and Assistant Surgeon J. V. D. Middleton, U. S. A., for duty at the division field hospital.
The strength of the 4th Infantry was about four hundred and fifty men ; that of the division, from five to six thousand. The
morale was excellent, and the supplies of every description ample. The wounded were attended by the medical officers under
fire, while, in each instance, the hospital was exposed to artillery. The wounded men were removed from the field by an
organized body of litter-bearers and ambulances. The men were exposed to both artillery and musketry fire at short range,
and the majority of the wounds were produced by conical balls; few, by the round ball or buckshot. After the battle of
Gaines's Mil), the wounded of the division were conveyed in charge of a medical officer to the hospital at Savage's Station,
where most of them subsequently fell into the hands of the enemy. After the action at Malvern Hill, they were sent, upon
receiving surgical attendance, to Harrison's Landing, and placed on board of transports. Their condition, upon their arrival,
was, in general, remarkably good, and this principally attributable to good surgery, and to the free use of brandy, beef essence, and
anodynes at the hospital, and in the ambulances. In each of these engagements, I performed a large number of operations.
They included but few excisions. I employed an anaesthetic in every case which required it. No accident was observed to
result from the use of chloroform. Throughout the campaign, the division was the most healthy one, I believe, in the army, and
this was almost entirely due to the severity with which the sanitary measures of the medical officers were enforced." * * *
LXX. Extracts, from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Surgeon D. W.
HAND, U. S. Volunteers.
"I wras appointed brigade surgeon of volunteers, December 30th, 1861, and ordered to report to Brigadier
General Gorman, commanding a brigade in the Second Corps. * * During the month of April, 1852, I was with the brigade
in front of Yorktown. There was no formal battle, but we had a few men wounded every day by conical balls from sharp
shooters. These were conveyed to a corps hospital in the rear, when their wounds were dressed, and whence they were
transferred to hospital steamers on York River. * * On May 31st and June 1st, I was actively engaged at the battle of Fair
Oaks. General Suirmer's corps fought on the right of the York River railroad, and maintained its position throughout. Two
field hospitals were established by Surgeon J. F. Hammond, U. S. A., medical director of the corps. The hospital immediately
on the field was placed under my charge, and the other, half a mile in the rear, under charge of Surgeon J. A. Lidell, U. S. V.
The wounded were brought to these depots rapidly on stretchers and extemporized litters. Large numbers of Confederate
wounded were brought to the hospital under my charge, and were cared for the same as our own, two captured medical officers
being assigned to the particular charge of them. All the major operations were performed by experienced surgeons designated
for the purpose, and two assistant surgeons were kept constantly engaged looking after food and shelter for the wounded. A
large number of amputations of the thigh were here performed. No excisions were made. Chloroform was used in all cases,
I believe, and with no injurious effect. There was no lack of surgical appliances and medicine, but, owing to the rise of the
Chickahominy, after our corps crossed, there was a great scarcity of provisions, and the wounded were in danger of dying for
want of sustenance. At the suggestion of Medical Director Hammond, I had two cavalry horses killed and made into soup
for them. This, with the addition of small quantities of rice and salt that I was enabled to get from the ambulance and
ammunition wagons, made a very nutritious diet. Water was abundant. The wounded were sheltered, as far as possible, in
the farm houses and barns, and under rude sheds of boards and boughs of trees ; but many were exposed to the rain the second
night after the battle. We had no hospital tents. All the ambulances of the Second Corps were under my direction, and
were sufficient in number. As the roads were in so bad a condition, and we could for several days get no cars to the nearest
station on the railroad, the men were not removed to White House until four or five days after the action. They were placed on
board hospital boats and sent to Philadelphia, and elsewhere. My brigade of four regiments, and at that time about two thousand
seven hundred strong, lost forty-four killed and two hundred wounded. They were exposed to musketry fire at short
range, and were mainly injured by conical balls. * * During the retreat, at Peach Orchard, Savage's Station, White Oak
Swamp, and Malvern Hill, we encountered the fire of the enemy's infantry and artillery, and drove them back. As our
men would fall they were carried to convenient depots, their wounds dressed, and then left under charge of certain detailed
assistant surgeons each evening as we continued to retreat. Several medical officers of my brigade absented themselves from
their regiments during the whole of this movement. The ambulances also were badly managed, and of no use to us. The loss
in my brigade, during the retreat, was sixteen killed and sixty wounded. * * I was relieved from duty with General
Gorman's brigade at Harrison's Landing, and took charge of the brick hospital, near the wharf, for ten days. I was then
ordered to report to General Sedgwick, and, on July 24th, 136'2, I was sent by order of General McClellan to take charge of
the general hospital at Newport News, Virginia. I assumed charge there on July 27th, and immediately made preparations
for the reception of patients from the Army of the Potomac. During the month of August, patients were sent to me in large
numbers, and I had at one time as many as two thousand patients. Old barracks and barns were the buildings used, and, as
everything required was allowed me, the sick and wounded wen; made quite comfortable. Many of the sick had chronic
diarrhoea, and, as it became confirmed in many cases, and frequently fatal, it was thought best to discharge a great many of these
men. No epidemic prevailed at the hospital, and most of the patients did well. On October 30, 18G2, this hospital was closed,
and the remaining patients and attendants were sent to the general hospital at Hampton. On November 4th, I was ordered
to Suffolk, as medical director of the forces commanded by General Peck. This command varied from fifteen thousand to
thirty-five thousand men during the next six months, and was kept on active duty, in throwing up intrencbments and making
11
82 APPENDED DOCUMENTS PENINSULAS CAMPAIGN.
excursions to the Blackwater River, and into North Carolina. During the winter, we had many wounded at various times, and
took care of them all at the regimental hospitals in and about Suffolk. These cases nearly all did well.
On January 30, 1803, we had a brisk fight with the Confederate forces under General Pryor, at Deserted House, above
Newport News, and for three hours received a heavy artillery fire. During this engagement, we had twenty-four men killed
and eighty wounded. The men, after their wounds were dressed and the necessary operations performed, were sent to the
regimental hospitals in Suffolk. All the amputations did well, except one amputation at the shoulder joint. In this case, the
parts were so badly torn by a shell that it was difficult to make a sufficient flap. The stump sloughed, and secondary haemorrhage
from the axillary artery resulted on the seventh day, when the subclavian artery was immediately tied. No blood followed
the scalpel in this operation, and the artery was secured without having occasion to use the sponge. Under the best
supporting treatment, the patient revived for a time, but the wound made in tying the artery sloughed as well as the stump,
and the patient died from exhaustion, twenty-eight days after the reception of the injury, and twenty-one days after ligating
the artery*." *
LXXI. Extracts from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon
J. V. D. MIDDLE-TON, U. S. Army.
* " On the 28th of May, 1862, I Avas ordered to report to the medical director of the Army of the Potomac, and
upon my arrival at White House, Virginia, telegraphed to Surgeon Tripler, U. S. A., that I would not be able to obtain
transportation so as to report to him in person within forty-eight hours. He directed me to remain there until further orders,
and to assist in taking care of the wounded, then arriving in great number from the battle of Fair Oaks. After these were all
shipped, which occupied about ten days, I received an order to report, without delay, to General Sykes, for duty with the
batteries of his division, companies L and M of the Third and I of the Fifth U. S. Artillery.
After the battles of Gaines's Mill and Malvern Hill, in both of which we were engaged, we marched to Harrison's
Landing and encamped. On the 1st of August, I was relieved by Assistant Surgeon S. Adams, U. S. A., and transferred to the
second brigade of the artillery reserve, where I had charge of five batteries of light artillery. On the night of the 16th of
August, we broke up camp and moved to Hampton, Virginia, which place we reached on the 20th. After remaining there
several days, we embarked on transports for Aquia Creek. From there, we marched to Falmouth, where we remained until
the evacuation of Frederick sburg by our troops. We next proceeded to Alexandria, Virginia, and from thence marched into
Maryland, through Frederick City, and engaged in the battles of South Mountain and Antietam. In the reorganization of the
army, which took place at about this time, two batteries of the reserve were transferred to General Burnside's Ninth Corps, and
I was ordered with them. After remaining six weeks at Pleasant Valley, Maryland, we crossed the Potomac at Berlin, and
proceeded by rapid marches to Warrtnton, Virginia. On the 14th of November, I was relieved by Assistant Surgeon Pooley,
U. S. A., and was directed to report to Surgeon R. O. Abbott, U. S. A., assistant medical director Army of the Potomac,
Washington, D. C., in whose office I have remained until the present date. The command, in which I served during nearly the
whole of the Peninsula and Maryland campaigns, was composed of batteries numbering eight officers and two hundred and
sixty men. All the batteries were engaged at the battle of Gaines's Mill and Malvern Hill ; but at South Mountain and
Antietam only one of them was in action. * * The command was always very well supplied with medicines and hospital
stores, which were in good condition, as were also the ambulances and hospital tents. The wounded were first hurriedly
examined, immediately in the rear of the batteries, just back of the caissons; but as the field hospitals were usually near at
hand, they were conveyed thither without delay, by means of hand stretchers. WTater was not easily obtained on the field in
the peninsula battles, but the field hospitals were usually very well supplied from wells and springs in the neighborhood of the
houses selected. Of Soyer's soup and hard bread there was almost always a sufficient supply. * * The majority of wounds
that came under my observation in the field, as in the field hospital, were caused by the conoidal ball. Our loss at Gaines's Mill
and Malvern Hill was six killed and twenty-one wounded ; at Antietam, only three slightly wounded. I did not perform any
operations on the field, as there was no necessity for immediate action in any case that came directly under my charge. Two
cases of compound fracture of the lower extremity which occurred at Gaines's Mill, and one at Malvern, were all that required
amputation ; and these were performed during the day at the field hospital. The other cases were comparatively slight,
requiring simply cold water dressings. At Gaines's Mill, as well as at Malvern, our wounded were captured by the enemy, in
whose hands they remained for over a week, after which they were transported by steamers from City Point to general hospitals
in Washington. Of the three wounded at Antietam, one of them, a flesh wound of the arm, was furloughed by order of General
Burnside. The others remained with the battery, and were treated in my hospital tent. At the close of each engagement, I
visited the field hospitals, and, by invitation of the surgeons in charge, assisted in the many operations that were made, including
a great number of amputations and excisions. Chloroform and sulph. ether were both used as anaesthetics; the former, in the
majority of cases. I did not observe a single death from its administration."
LXXII. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Surgeon JOHN
W. FOYE, U. S. Volunteers.
"I entered the service on May 13th, 18G1, as assistant surgeon of the llth Massachusetts Infantry, which
reached the front in time to participate in the battle of Manassas. The troops were new and unaccustomed to marching, and
had accomplished only sixty miles in six days, one of which was passed in bivouac. They occupied the extreme right of the
line, and were engaged at about eleven o'clock A. M., numbering seven hundred and fifty bayonets, driving the enemy till about
* This refers to the case of Private Augustus Reed, Co. B, Cth Massachusetts Volunteers, which is fully described by Surgeon Otis M. Humphrey,
U. S. V., in an article entitled: "Remarks on axillary and subvlacian legations." American Medical Times, Vol. viii, p. 161, April, 1864.— EDS.
REPORT OF SURGEON J. W. FOYE, IT. S. V. 83-
two o'clock in the afternoon, up to which time the Confederate wounded at the hospital station nearly equaled our own. The
regiment was accompanied with one ambulance well provided with stimulants and surgical appliances, but without medicines or
tents. The field hospital was established about a quarter of a mile from the front line when we engaged, but late in the day it
was three-quarters of a mile in the rear. There were four capital operations at this hospital. Wounds, unaccompanied by fracture,
were treated by extracting balls when practicable, and the application of water dressings. The hospital was located one hundred
yards from Sedley's Ford, where an abundance of muddy water could be obtained, but no food of any description. The weather
was fine on July 21st. On the following day, about six in the morning, it commenced raining. Until two in the afternoon, but
few wounded were brought off by their comrades ; but later it was not unusual to find a flesh wound escorted by half a dozen able
men. It is needless to say that they did not return to the field. The enemy's fire was chiefly from musketry, continuous, and ot
short range; missiles from smooth-bore muskets predominated. At three in the afternoon, a medical officer of rank, visited this
hospital on his way to the rear, and left it optional with the medical officers at this hospital station to join him or to remain. A
few, Surgeon Luther V. Bell, llth Massachusetts Volunteers, Dr. Curtis, a civilian surgeon, and Chaplain Parker, of the 2d
New Hampshire Volunteers, remained until six in the afternoon, when all the wounded capable of moving had, at that time, been
sent off to the rear. Nearly all the surgeons left us at about half past three P. M. Three ambulances went away at that time.
The only remaining ambulance, belonging to my regiment, was captured at about half past five, within a hundred j-ards of the
hospital. I estimate the number of wounded left at about one hundred and eighty. All of them fell into the hands of the enemy.
I saw no excisions practiced. The major amputations, four in number, were by the circular method. The casualties in the
regiment to which I was attached were thirteen killed and forty-five wounded. The large proportion of killed indicate the range
at which we engaged. * * On November 6th, the regiment moved to Budd's Ferry, on the lower Potomac, where we passed the
winter of 1861-62. While here, the regiment was recruited to the maximum standard, and the men attained a fine degree ol
proficiency in drill and discipline ; they were constantly on the alert; the rebel batteries on the opposite bank kept their minds
employed, and but little sickness prevailed. We lost but one man by disease during the five months we remained at this post.
On April 6th, the command embarked for the Peninsula, and debarked on the 10th, near Yorktowii. On April 23d, I was
commissioned surgeon of the regiment. On April 26th, at ten p. M., I received an order to get in readiness to accompany a
storming party in an attack to be made at daybreak. The party consisted of two companies of the 1st Massachusetts
Volunteers as stormers, and three companies of my own regiment as sappers. The redoubt to be carried was protected at the
rear by a swamp, and overlooked a plain of six hundred yards extent, skirted by woods. The stormers, under cover of the night,
obtained a position in the edge of the woods facing the redoubt. The attack was made at dawn. The attacking party, one
hundred and fifty strong, moved forward in line of battle at double quick, receiving one volley from the enemy at seventy yards,
and, before they could reload, occupied the work, which was levelled by the sappers in twenty minutes. We captured twenty
one prisoners, armed with the Austrian rifle. There were six killed and twenty-three wounded, who were brought off on
muskets, under a cross fire of artillery from an adjacent work. They were taken to one of the hospital steamers on York River,
near the camp. On May 4th, at noon, the regiment formed in column to pursue the enemy, Yorktown having been evacuated
during the previous night. We marched till eleven at night and bivouacked. At daylight on May 5th, we marched one mile,
and came in front of Fort Magruder and the redoubts before Williamsburg. The regiment numbered about nine hundred, rank
and file, in excellent condition, and attacking a retreating foe. We were destitute of ambulances, stores, or tents, having made
a forced march. The surgical appliances were very limited. The field hospital at which I served was located on the Yorktown
road, half a mile in the rear of the line of battle. The wounded were attended as fast as they arrived. Seven capital operations
were performed. Shelter tents were pitched for the reception of the wounded. We were destitute of food, but water was
plenty enough, as it rained nearly all day. The wounded were taken to the field hospital on stretchers made by the pioneers
of poles and blankets, the regimental drum corps acting as bearers. At about two, in the afternoon, the ambulances arrived,
and the wounded were taken to the nearest house, one and a half miles distant. • The character of the fire was continuous till
dark, and mostly from musketry at common range. The balls extracted were mostly conoidal, and the bone injuries were of a
very severe character. On May 7th, the wounded were taken in ambulances to Cheesman's Creek, and there embarked on
hospital transports. There were no excisions. The amputations of the thigh and upper arm were by the circular method,
and by the flap in the forearm and leg. In my regiment, there were twelve killed and sixty-five wounded.
The initiatory fi»ht of the Seven days' battles commenced at about ten in the forenoon. The scene of the fight was
three-quarters of a mile in front of General Casey's battle ground at Seven Pines. The brigade advanced in line of battle at
half-past nine in the forenoon, and met the enemy strongly posted in the woods. The firing was desultory on both sides, and
continued from ten in the morning till five in the afternoon, at about which time the enemy was dislodged and we occupied the
western edge of the battle ground, having advanced half a mile during the fight. The strength of the command composing
the brigade had been much reduced by disease. The morale was good. The approximate strength for duty in the brigade of
five regiments was twenty-live hundred. The proximity of the brigade encampment to the field of battle gave us an abundant
supply of every thing necessary for the comfort of the wounded. The field hospital was within half rille shot of our line at the
commencement of the fight, which distance was gradually widened by the falling back of the enemy. The wounded were
brought from the woods on hand stretchers, borne by the several regimental bands and drum corps, to the field hospital, where
they received the attention that the nature of their injuries demanded. Those cases requiring amputation were immediately
operated upon. The fire was from musketry, desultory, lasting seven hours. The missiles used were principally conoidal
musket balls. After the firing had nearly ceased, ambulances were; brought down, and all the wounded were taken to Savage's
Station for transportation to White House, on the York River. Chloroform was used, and no bad results were observed. The
killed and wounded numbered three hundred and twenty-five. At Savage's Station on June 29th, the trains, with commissary
stores and camp equipage, were ordered to be destroyed, and a train, with such wounded as could be moved, was started at
daylight. The hick of my command accompanied this train. Later in the morning, the regiment fell back to Savage's Station,
about two miles from the line we had occupied, and took a position to cover the retreat. About nine in the forenoon, the enemy
brought up their field artillery. The engagement was one of artillery exclusively. It lasted about three hours. At two, in
34 APPENDED DOCUMENTS PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.
the afternoon, the right of our army having crossed the position we were ordered to maintain, the division of General Hooker,
to which in v regiment was attached, retreated. Such of the wounded as were unable to march fell into the hands of the enemy.
I have neve'r seen an estimate, but judge it to have been about thirty-five killed and seventy-five wounded. The supports were
very strongly disposed in front of our batteries, and quite a number of our men were killed by the premature bursting of one
of our shells. The regiment with which I was then serving had seven men wounded ; none seriously. They were all brought
off, and put on the train the following morning. They reached Harrison's Landing on July 1st, and were transferred to an
hospital transport steamer on September 1st. Five of them had rejoined the command. On June 30th, the battle of Glendale
was fought. The men were much worn down from want of rest, but were well in hand, and not dispirited. The llth
Massachusetts Volunteers numbered about six hundred. The supplies were limited to those articles carried in the haversacks
of the hospital attendants. The field hospital was at the Quaker Church, half a mile from the scene of the fight. There was
good water near the hospital, and the weather was fine. We were without food other than that contained in haversacks. The
wounded were removed on sti-etchers and by the regimental bands. The fight opened at three in the afternoon with artillery,
the enemy attacking. The infantry soon after engaged, and the firing was rapid and continuous, terminating at dark in the
repulse of the enemy. We occupied the field all night, and brought off all our own and most of the enemy's wounded.
Two surgeons were detailed to remain with those unable to accompany the column. A few ambulances were procured and
loaded for the river, about five miles distant. The whole number of our brigade left at the hospital was about one hundred and
fifty. No primary capital operations were performed. Water dressings wrere applied in most cases, and the patients were
directed to proceed to the river, if able to walk. Few anaesthetics were used ; we had scarcely nny chloroform, and our supply
of bandages was exhausted before the wounded were all attended to. In my regiment, there were seventeen wounded ; none
killed. A sister regiment on the right, the 1st Massachusetts Volunteers, lost heavily, fifty? in killed and wounded. At about
half-past four in the afternoon we retreated four miles, reaching Malvern Hill at six on the morning of July 1st, and received
rations. At nine o'clock, the regiment wras detached from the division and taken to the extreme right, as supports to a battery
then engaged. The position was an excellent one, in a deep valley, strengthened by a small stream in front, and finely wooded.
While the sanguinary battle of Malvern was being fought, one mile to the left, the regiment, having established its picket lines,
bathed by detail, and obtained the sleep and rest they so much needed. The battery they supported lost, in killed and wounded,
nine men, mostly from shell wounds. At daylight on July 2d, the enemy having been again repulsed, we fell in and reached
Harrison's Landing at half-past two in the afternoon. The wounded artillerymen were brought off on gun carriages and
caissons. The killed were buried where they fell. General Hooker's division, to which we were attached, broke camp at four
in the afternoon, and, making a detour, entered Charles City road, three miles from the summit of Malvern, a little after
midnight, and here rested until daybreak. The column advanced, under an artillery fire, and occupied the hill. The troops
were in excellent condition, and had such confidence in their commander that their success seemed assured. The regiment
numbered about six hundred ; the whole division about five thousand five hundred men. There was a good supply of medicines
and stores, and a good train of ambulances. The fight lasted one hour, when the enemy being dislodged, we occupied his
headquarters, where we found good water, shelter from the sun, and every convenience for preparing food necessary for a field
hospital. The wounded were removed on stretchers from the field, and from thence, in ambulances, to the landing, but not until
their wounds had been carefully dressed. Artillery was the only arm used against us. A few shell wounds were treated, but the
larger proportion of the injuries were from case shot. The enemy opened with their artillery at six hundred yards, to which
we replied. Their fire soon slackened, and our infantry was advanced and formed in brigade line, about two hundred yards
from the enemy's guns, at which distance we received their last fire. The wounded were all sent to Harrison's Bar, and there
transferred to the hospital boats, reaching their destination on the afternoon of the fight. I saw but little service at the field
hospital, and am unable to give the nature of the operations. I accompanied the cavalry in pursuit of the enemy. In my
regiment, there were two killed and seven wounded. I never saw the report of the division loss, and have no data on which to
form an estimate. We occupied the field that night," *
LXXIII. Report of the Operations of the Medical Staff of General Sedgwictts Division of
the Second Army Corps at the Battle of Fair Oaks. By Surgeon JOHN A. LIDELL, U. S.
Volunteers.
' On Saturday, May 31st, 1802, General Sedgwick's division, belonging to General Sumner's corps, was encamped on
the north side of the Chickahominy River, near Tyler's house. Early in the afternoon, we heard heavy firing of both artillery
and infantry across the river, in the direction of the position occupied by General Keyes's corps at Seven i'ines and Fair Oaks.
About three in the afternoon, we received orders to move immediately to the support of General Keyes, who was reported to
be badly handled by the enemy, who were engaging him wuh superior numbers. We started without delay, and crossed the
Chickahominy by a rude bridge which had recently been constructed of logs by the troops, under orders of General Sumner.
The bridge was designated the Grape-vine bridge. The river was much swollen by recent rains, and was reported to be still
rising. After crossing the bottom, which was quite broad on the south side of the river, we ascended the bluff to Trent's house,
and then marched past Gokling's, and past Courtney's Rock Hill farm, to his brother's place, where we found some of General
Couch's men in position. General Sedgwick's division was immediately deployed into Hue of battle, and, ten minutes after
arriving on the ground, the action commenced by the enemy's firing upon our right, at about six o'clock in the evening.
Battery I, 1st United States Artillery, only one section of which had arrived, was immediately wheeled into position. Another
section came up hi a little while. The enemy did not use artillery, but he endeavored to capture our guns with the bayonet, but
was repulsed with great slaughter. Lieutenant Kirby, commanding the battery, fired nothing but canister at short range, and
fully avenged the disaster his battery, then known as Rickets's, had suffered at Bull Run. The battle, which was fought
mainly by infantry, was terribly magnificent for the numbers engaged. The sharp, rattling crash of the musketry, firing rapidly
REPORTS OF SURGEONS UDELL AND BLISS. 85
by battalions, the tongues of flame and smoke leaping forth from the long lines of infantry, made it a scene of grandeur
unsurpassed. At dark, the firing ceased, and General Sedgwick's division had repulsed the enemy at all points. The men lav
on their arms that night, expecting the battle to be renewed in the morning. During the night, General Richardson's division
of the Second Corps, which had crossed the Chickahominy by another bridge, and marched by a different road, came up to
our support. In this action, General Sedgwick's division suffered a loss of fifty-four killed and two hundred and eighty-two
wounded. I took Courtney's house at Rock Hill for a hospital. There I found a well, which afforded an abundant supply of
excellent water. All our wounded were dressed and made comfortable before midnight. A large number of the wounded
belonging to General Couch's and General Casey's division of General Keyes's corps also fell into our hands. On Sunday,
June 1st, the battle was renewed. The fighting, on our part, was done by General Richardson's division, now engaged for the
first time. A large number of the wounded were brought to my hospital. I filled the house, the bams, and the sheds with
them and those received before, and then placed others in the yard, under the trees and in their shade. I think General
Richardson's division suffered a loss of about five hundred killed and wounded. The wounds were inflicted mainly by the old
round bullet and buckshot cartridge. There was, however, a goodly number of wounds made by the conical bullet; but the
majority were inflicted by the former missiles. During Saturday night, the bridges across the Chickahominy were carried away
by the swollen waters, and our communication with the ambulance train and with our base of supplies were destroyed. Our
wounded were likely to suffer for want of subsistence, on that account, on Sunday morning. A quantity of freshly killed horse
meat was furnished by order of Surgeon J. F. Hammond, U. S. A., medical director of the Second Army Corps. I discovered
and seized a quantity of salt and corn meal at Courtney's. Doctor Harris, chaplain of the 106th Pennsylvania Volunteers,
having offered his services for the purpose, I put him in charge of the cooking and the furnishing of subsistence to the wounded.
He discharged that duty greatly to my satisfaction and to the advantage of the wounded all the while the hospital remained
open. The next day, Monday June 2d, I obtained a plentiful supply of fresh beef of good quality from the neighborhood.
Rations began to arrive on the ground, and we were no longer anxious on the subject of subsistence. The fresh meat made
excellent soup and beef tea. The boiled meat, both horse and beef, was also eaten with much relish, apparently. A sufficient
supply of dressings, anodynes, and stimulants had been brought along witli us in the hospital knapsacks. For the purpose
of economizing the labor of the medical staff as much as possible, I made a detail of medical ofiicers early on Sunday morning,
to attend exclusively to the performance of the capital operations at my hospital. I placed them in charge of Surgeon A. A.
Dougherty, U. S. V. The arrangement worked much to my satisfaction. The operating room was a shed, entirely open on one
side and partly open on another side, made so by removing some boards, so as to secure a free circulation of air. An unhinged
door made an operating table. Twenty-eight minor amputations were performed at this hospital, and many of the lesser
amputations. About eight hundred cases of wounded passed through our hands. The hospital was kept open till Saturday
morning, June 7th, when the last of the wounded were sent down to the White House by railroad. Chloroform was
administered in all the capital operations. One death occurred, which I think may be fairly attributed to it. A soldier,
belonging to General Richardson's division, was placed on the table for the purpose of undergoing amputation of the thigh for
gunshot fracture of the femur, with much comminution in the neighborhood of the knee joint. I saw him after he was placed
upon the table, and then noticed that his general condition was good. At that moment, I was called away, as my presence
had become necessary in another part of the establishment. On returning a short time afterwards, I found, to my surprise,
that the man was dead. On inquiry, I learned that, while inhaling the chloroform, he had suddenly become pale, pulseless,
and ceased to breathe, dying on the operating table while the amputation was going on. As the patient did not belong to my
command, and his regimental surgeon was present, and wished to operate upon and take care of him, I am not so thoroughly
informed upon all the points of his case as I would otherwise have been. He was operated on after the officers detailed for
amputations had got through with their special duty, and had been sent about other duty.
(Signed) JOHN A. LIDELL,
Surgeon U. S. V."
Surgeon C. S. TIUPLKK, U. S. A.,
Medical Director Army of Potomac.
LXXIV. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Surgeon
ZENAS E. BLISS, U. S. Volunteers.
" I was mustered into service on May 10th, 1861, as assistant surgeon of the Ud Michigan Volunteers. The
regiment remained in the state encampment one month and seven days, and was in crowded barracks; and over one hundred
cases of measles occurred during this time, some very severe cases, but only one proved fatal, and that not until the lapse of
several months' protracted pulmonary inflammation. None of the cases were marked by anything unusual; but all suffered
from bronchial irritation. The ordinary treatment consisted in the mild aperient early in the disease, frequent sponging of the
surface, mucilaginous drinks, tablvspoonful doses of a solution of three grains of tartarized antimony, and two grains of
morphia in three pints of water, administered every two hours for the first few days, after which quinine, wine whey, milk
punch, beef tea, and a HUpporting treatment were employed. Many of the convalescent cases had mumps, and several cases of
metastasis occurred, but without serious results. Warm anodyne fomentations to the testes and parotid glands generally gave
relief. At the end of June, 1861, the regiment moved to Washington, and encamped near the Chain Bridge. The duties
were daily drill, and work on the fortifications about Washington. There was much diarrhoea while in camp, which was
attributed to the water, diet, and the great changes of temperature, the days being very warm and the nights cold. The
regiment was attached to General Berry's brigade, of General Kearney's division, of the Third Army Corps, and arrived at
Fort Monroe on March 20th, 1852, and shortly after moved to Yorktown, and encamped in a thick woods, intermingled with
patches of swamp and pools of water, the ground being covered with fragments of fallen trees and decaying vegetable matter.
36 APPENDED DOCUMENTS PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.
Water could be obtained only by digging holes from two and a half to three feet in depth, and the surface water obtained from
these was all that the men had. The regiment remained in this camp about five weeks, and was doing picket and fatigue duty
on trenches and fortifications all that time. A few intermittents and remittents occurred, as also about forty cases of typhoid
fever, all very severe, marked by epistaxis tympanitis, and, after a few days, haemorrhage from the bowels, the blood being
evidently impoverished. Several of these cases proved fatal. * * One case of typhus, marked by haemorrhage from the
nose and bowels, and with petechia? and hemorrhagic spots on the surface, occurred in the regiment and proved fatal. All of
these patients had active, supporting treatment throughout. The sick were cared for at a hospital, about a mile and a half to
the rear, composed of log huts or barracks, built and formerly occupied by the 53d Virginia Volunteers (Confederate), upon a
eandv soil, where we obtained an abundance of excellent well water. These barracks were well ventilated, and accommodated
a large number of sick and wounded from both the regulars and volunteers. I saw all of the sick and what few wounded there
were at this hospital, and had immediate charge of very many sick who were members of various regiments ; and nearly all of
the cases were either low remittents or typhoid fever. I say remittents, because some of them might be easily classed as such;
but I believed then, as now, that they were almost invariably pure enteric fever. I held autopsies of all that died who were
under my charge, six in number. No post mortem was held on the case of typhus. All the deaths from typhoid fever occurred
late in the course of the disease, and the majority from haemorrhages from the bowels, one from coma, and the others apparently
from pure exhaustion. The abdominal viscera were those principally examined. Peyer's glands were found in each case in a
state of ulceration ; some very large ulcers; some healing while others were in an inflamed condition. Some of the ulcerations
extended nearly through the coats of the intestines. I preserved the specimens in each case, but subsequently lost them during
the campaign. The small intestines, through their entire length, gave evidence of previous inflammatory action ; but all the
other abdominal viscera gave no evidence of either organic or serious functional disease, and the soft parts and glands, when
divided with the scalpel, seemed to be almost exsanguined. I wish the blood could have been analyzed, because I feel confident
that the primary trouble was there. In cases of epistaxis, the blood gave only a faint coloring to the spots on linen, and it did
not give to the linen that stiffened feel that we get when it is saturated with ordinary blood, from both of which I infer that the
blood was deficient in plasma and coloring matter, or defibrinated. In these cases, quinine, brandy, ammonia, and small doses
of opium were given with a view to support the patient. Essence of beef and beef tea, of good quality, and in abundance, was
furnished and given. The supply of medicines at this time was ample, but at times we were deficient in hospital stores. '
On May 5th, during a heavy rain storm, the division arrived within four miles of Williamsburg, and the roads being uninten
tionally blockaded with artillery and wagons, so that an ambulance could not get through, I ordered eight of the hospital corps
to take from the transport wagon the field stretchers, instruments, chloroform, bandages, brandy, candles, and lanterns, and was
enabled to render service to a large number of the wounded, the ambulances not arriving on the field until the next day, May
6th, at one o'clock p. m. On the evening of the 5th, by direction of Surgeon J. ,T. Milhau, U. S. A., medical director of the
corps, I erected an extemporaneous table, in a large frame barn, situated about one mile in the rear of the battlefield. During
the evening and night of the 5th, by the valuable assistance of Doctor Sparks, a volunteer surgeon from Boston, we dressed the
wounds of over eighty officers and soldiers. Among the operations performed were one amputation of the foot, and two
amputations of the arm. Surgeon Milhau, U. S. A., being present early in the evening, kindly performed one of these.
There were also one amputation of the forearm and one of the hand, besides a number of cases which required the removal of
the whole or a portion of one cr more fingers. The wounds were mostly received by musketry. On Tuesday afternoon, I
dressed wounds of both Union and Confederate soldiers, at a barrack near Fort Magruder, and on Wednesday, May 8th, I
dressed wounded of both armies in a church and at William and Mary College in Williamsburg. I am not able to recall the
number of capital operations which I performed during the two days; but, as near as I can remember, two amputations of the
leg, one of the arm, and one of the thigh, at the junction of the middle with the upper third. The patient on whom the latter
operation was practiced survived only thirty-six hours. No exsections were performed under my observation. A number of
bullets were extracted. I believe I dressed the wounds of about two hundred at this battle. The supply of soup and food was
very deficient during the first twenty-four hours, because the roads were in such condition that the supply trains could not
move up. Pack mules would have been of great service here. Indeed, we sent footmen back to meet the trains, and bring up
hard biscuit, sugar, and coffee. The wounded were removed, on May 7th, in ambulances. Some few, seriously wounded, were
carried on field stretchers to York River, a distance of some seven miles, and placed aboard of transports. Chloroform was
given in all capital, and other severe operations. Twenty-five days after the battle of Williamsburg, the regiment arrived at
Savage's Station. During this time, one officer and eighteen men with fever were sent north on a hospital transport. On May
31st, the battle of Fair Oaks was fought. : * Early in the engagement, I established a field depot near the field of action ;
but later in the day, I moved back to Savage's Station. For the triple reason of securing an abundance of good water, better
security for the wounded, as well as to have them near the railroad station for removal after operations, I established a depot,
erected a table in a large log tobacco house, without floors, about fifteen rods from the railroad depot, and night and day was
almost constantly engaged in dressing and operating upon the wounded from various regiments, indiscriminately, from Saturday
evening, May 31st, until Wednesday evening, June 4th. Here, as at Williamsburg, a comparatively few were wounded with
shell and grape, a large proportion being wounded with the conical rifle ball ; but not a few were wounded with the round
musket biill and buckshot, I had one disarticuiation of a shoulder joint, the case not admitting of excision, and several other
amputations, including one of the arm for haemorrhage, in a case where excision of the elbow joint had been performed the night
before by some surgeon to me unknown. There was an ample supply of water of good quality at the station, and an
abundance of food, including Soycr's concentrated soup and fresh beef. I noticed that Surgeon Frank H. Hamilton, IT. S. V.,
in his report of the battle of Fair Oaks, published ill the American Medical Times, states that, " Such was the scarcity of food,
that General Simmer ordered several horses belonging to his orderlies to be killed/' to be used as food for the wounded. I am
happy to say that no such exigencies occurred at the depot where I was operating."
EEPOET OF SURGEON F. H. HAMILTON. 87
LXXV. Report of the Operations of the Medical Department at the Battle of Fair Oaks.
By Surgeon FRANK H. HAMILTON, U. S. Volunteers.
HEADQUARTERS OF THE FOURTH CORPS,
NEAR SEVEN PINES, VIRGINIA, June 14<A, 1862.
SIR: The foregoing reports have been forwarded to you, as they were received by me, from the several brigade and
division medical officers. The gentlemen who made the reports have already explained to you the difficulties under which they
labored in their attempts to obtain full and correct returns. The wounded were not all left in our possession, and those who
were brought in during and after the battle were, generally, sent first to Savage's Station, and subsequently to the White House,
so that the regimental surgeons found it impossible to make an exact record of their wounded, and their reports are made up,
in part at least, from the adjutants' returns. As soon as the battle had commenced, I determined to establish a hospital at
Savage's Station, at which point there is a large two-story house, and fourteen outhouses, including negro quarters, barns,
corn-cribs, and sheds, which, together, would furnish comfortable shelter for three hundred men, and in which we had, during
most of the second and third days after the battle, from five to eight hundred men. Of course, at such times, the buildings
were greatly crowded ; yet the wounded came in so rapidly, on the second day, the number was greatly increased from Heint-
zelman's and Simmer's corps, that the buildings were insufficient even to cover the men. No hospital tents were to be had,
and we were compelled to lay several hundred upon the grass, within the enclosure surrounding Mr. Savage's house, which
ground was, fortunately, elevated, and partially shaded by large trees. At first, our corps of medical officers and of nurses
was very inadequate, the surgeons were nearly all occupied in dressing wounds upon the field, and we had almost no supplies,
either in the way of commissary stores, clothing, blankets, medicines, or instruments. I had been, but two days before the
battle, assigned to this corps as medical director, and could not have made the necessary provision, even if I had anticipated
so terrible a conflict. We were soon able, however, to obtain the assistance of several regimental surgeons, and before the day
closed, and during the following day, several contract and volunteer surgeons came up from the White House, and continued,
from this time, to render us important and valuable aid. The contract surgeons who reported to me were Drs. Jacks,
Middleton, Good, Lodge, Monroe, Keeley, Esten, Underwood, Seymour, Millett, and Green, to whom were added the following
volunteer surgeons : Drs. Page, Hall, Swinburne, Skinner, Hitchcock, Burr, and Everts, with, perhaps, some others, whose
names were not reported to me. Drs. Prince and O'Leary, brigade surgeons, with surgeons Kerr, Chamberlain, Robinson,
Tindle, and Emanuel, were, after the first two hours, also, almost constantly at the station, operating and dressing wounds,
until their services were no longer necessary, when they returned to their respective commands. With a corps of medical
officers, numbering from twenty-five to thirty, it was still impossible to make the necessary operations and dress the wounds
as rapidly as the men were brought in, and, in many cases, several hours elapsed before they received surgical aid. The
surgeons were assigned by me to various positions on the ground and in the buildings, each having his separate duty to
perform, aided by such nurses and cooks as we could temporarily impress ; while to one surgeon was assigned the duty of
distributing the wounded as they came in. At three points, depots were established for major operations, the minor operations
being made on the open field, under the shade of the trees, or wherever the men were laid. The surgeons were all, after a
little delay, by your orders, I believe, and from other sources, supplied with instruments, chloroform, or ether, dressings, and
sponges. One large iron cauldron was kept constantly filled, night and day, for three days, with hot coffee, and another with
boiled rice or with portable soup, the latter of which we did not obtain until the second day. On the second day, several boxes
of lemons were sent to us, from which pails full of lemonade Avere made and constantly distributed in every direction. Hard
tack, sugar, and whiskey, we had in abundance, with, also, a small quantity of good brandy. The trains ordered to remove the
wounded to the White House were not brought up as rapidly as the men were ready for removal, and, consequently, a large
portion were compelled to remain one or two days after their wounds had been dressed, or their limbs had been amputated ;
some of whom had no covering whatever, not even blankets. During Sunday and Monday nights, there were heavy thunder
showers, and these poor fellows were completely drenched. I was with them, with many of the surgeons and nurses, both of
these nights, and we did for them all that lay in our power. Fortunately, on the second day, we found one bale of blankets
which we were permitted to use, and which went a good way in protecting them from the rain and cold at night. The first
train of cars started with the wounded for White House on Saturday, and from this time some twelve or fifteen trains arrived
and were sent down; they were, however, necessarily irregular. At first, and until several trains had gone, we placed a surgeon
in each car to assist in getting the wounded on board, and to take the rank, name, regiment, company, nature of wound, and
character of operation in case of each man, and also to prevent stragglers from getting on board. The pressure of Sunday and
Monday compelled us to abandon this arrangement so desirable in every point of view, and thereafter we attempted only to
obtain the numbers sent down. Two or more surgeons performing the duty of seeing them on board, and, generally, one
surgeon accompanying the train to the Wrhite House. In these labors, having reference only to my duties, relating to my own
corps, I was greatly aided by the volunteer services of Surgeon Milhau, U. S. A., medical director of the Third Corps, and
who had, in addition, after the first day, the duty of attending to his own wounded. Indeed, it was generally impossible to
distinguish to which corps the wounded belonged, and we were eventually occupied in attending to all who were brought to ua.
To the sanitary commission, I wish to render especial thanks for the promptitude and liberality with which they sent to us such
supplies as were at their command. I have taken a copy of the reports herewith transmitted to you, and I shall endeavor,
from time to time, to make such corrections and additions as may be reported to me by the regimental surgeons, so that, if, at
some future time, you think it desirable, you may receive a more complete and accurate account of the killed and wounded, and
of the nature of their wounds, the operations performed, and the results. The following recapitulation is presented : killed,
three hundred and eighty-two; wounded, one thousand seven hundred and thirty-one; missing, sixty-seven ; a total of two
thousand one hundred and eighty. The surgeons' report of missing is, probably, incomplete.
Very respectfully, yours, FRANK H. HAMILTON,
To C. S. Tluri.ER, Medical Director of the Army of the Potomac. Suryeon U. «S'. V., Medical Director Fourth Corps.
88 APPENDED DOCUMENTS PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.
LXXVI. Second Extract from a 'Report on the Duties assigned to him from the Outbreak
of the Rebellion till May 1st, 1863. By Assistant Surgeon G. M. STERNBEEG, TJ. S. Army.
* * * "The sanitary condition of the 3d Infantry, to which I was attached during the Peninsular campaign, and of
all the regular troops in General Sykes's division was at all times excellent ; and the 5th and 10th New York Volunteer
regiments, which were comprised in the division during the greater part of the campaign, were little, if at all, inferior to the
regulars in health and morale. * * In the battles at Gaines's Mill and Malvern, the division of General Sykes was composed
of batallions of the 2d, 3d, 4th, 6th, 10th, llth, 12th, 14th, and 17th U. S. Infantry, and 5th and 10th New York Volunteers,
forming an aggregate of about five thousand men. The supplies of medical and hospital stores and tents were ample, and
the number of ambulances was at all times sufficient, except during the retreat from the front of Richmond to Harrison's
Landing. * * In these actions I kept as near my regiment as possible, giving my attention to the removal of the wounded
from the field, operating only in urgent cases. * Most of the Confederate surgeons were inclined to do all they could for our
wounded ; but their supplies of medicine were entirely inadequate. They seemed to be poorly supplied with ambulances, and
to have, indeed, scarcely any, save those captured from our army. * * I have seen but few operations performed under
tire, and think that when it is possible to wait until the patient can be removed to a field hospital in the rear, it is best to do so.
I have, however, in these urgent cases, amputated on the field with none but my hospital steward to assist me."
LXXVIL Extract from a Rerjort on the Surgery at Fair Oaks. By Surgeon C. S. WOOD,
66th Kew York Volunteers.
* * * "On the afternoon of May 31st, General Sumner's corps crossed the Chickahominy, to support the Third and
Fourth Army Corps, engaged at Fair Oaks. The river was very much swollen, and the lower bridge, in General Sumner's
front, had been washed away; but the upper bridge of logs was stayed by cables of grape-vines. Though insecure, it sufficed
for the passage of the artillery trains and ambulances. Then trees were cut down, and a corduroy road was built across the
swamp. By the time the road was completed, it was daylight. The artillery first, and then the ambulance train, hurried
forward, and reached the battle-field about nine on Sunday morning, June 1st. After the artillery was placed in position, the
battle lasted less than two hours. A large frame house near the field was selected as a hospital, and the wounded of both
friend and foe were brought in by hundreds, filling the house from garret to basement, the barns and outhouses, even densely
crowding the lawn, which was over an acre in extent. The first peculiarity observable in the wounded was the largo
proportion of injuries of the upper part of the body, and the variety of wounds from large projectiles. It resulted, probably,
from the fact that the fighting was chiefly in the forest, with an undergrowth of bushes from three to four feet in height, where
the enemy could not use artillery advantageously. * * The men, fatigued by marches through muddy roads, in building
corduroy roads and intrenchments, depressed by exposure and the use of bad water, had their powers of vital resistance
diminished, and many died from shock of their injuries, or from the operations required, who, under more favorable circum
stances, might have rallied and recovered. We were far from our base of supplies, and could give the wounded but few of
those comforts which were urgently needed. Soups, made from beef extract, were our principal resource in the way of
nourishment. There were some frightful wounds of the face, with comminuted fracture of both maxillae. Among them were
examples in which the hard and soft palate were destroyed, and the tongue almost cut in two. Many of these would live for
days, unable even to swallow water. By keeping the fauces moistened, their thirst was allayed, and many of them ultimately
recovered. Instead of removing nearly detached fragments of bone, the parts were coaptated as far as possible, the lower
jaw placed in a pasteboard splint, and water dressings were applied, in cases in which it would seem that half of the face was
shot away. Recovery would ensue, with comparatively small cicatrices, illustrating wonderfully the recuperative power of
nature in wounds in this region. Another important and interesting class of injuries here observed was the penetrating wounds
of the chest. The nrinie' ball generally passed through and lodged beneath the integument on the opposite side. From the
Russian and Crimean statistics, we inferred that all such cases would die; on the contrary, a number lived and completely
recovered. Two men, whom I knew personally, who were thus wounded, returned to duty while our regiment was stationed
at Harper's Ferry, after the battle of Antietam, their health being entirely restored, after an interval of about five months. The
treatment adopted in these cases, despite the advice of English surgeons and systematic writers to bleed freely and largely,
was to enjoin perfect rest, absolute silence, and to administer an occasional opiate, to repress the inclination to cough. Both of
these patients preferred resting in a sitting posture. The greatest fatality occurred where the ball passed through the apex or
root of the lung. The wounds of the right lung were more favorable than corresponding wounds of the left lung, as I have
good reason to believe. A few patients recovered where both lungs were traversed by the same ball. They were doing
remarkably well when transferred to general hospital. AVhen great inflammatory reaction occurred, bleeding was resorted to;
but the cases in which we considered this remedy indicated were few. The great inconvenience experienced was from maggots
infesting wounds. In twelve hours after dressing a stump or lacerated wound it would be literally covered with these loath
some larvae, and, in twenty-four hours, the stump would look as though a swarm of bees had settled upon it. In penetrating
wounds of the cavities, when the dressings were removed, these worms could be seen crawling through the body ; and the
patient would be conscious of this, and have great despondency from the belief that, as they expressed it, they were being
eaten up alive. Turpentine seemed the most effectual means of getting rid of them; but this was only of temporary service.
Had we then known the value of coal oil in such cases, as we did at Gettysburg, we would have had less trouble. After a few
days, when all the more important wounds had received attention, the patients were transferred to the depot, half a mile
distant, where they were immediately ordered to be removed by the railway cars; but, through some misunderstanding, they
lay by hundreds on either side of the railway track, and much of the time exposed to a drenching rain, without shelter.
Shivering from the cold, calling for water, food, and dressings, these sufferers afforded the most heart-rending spectacle that it
has been my lot to witness. Many died from this exposure, and others prayed for death to relieve them from their anguish.
All fields of carnage are horrid enough, but this one was pre-eminently so."
EEPORTS OF SURGEONS BRUMLEY, DAVIS, AND REILY. 89
LXXVIII. Extract from a Report of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Surgeon J. D.
BKUMLEY, U. S. Volunteers.
* * * a. rp]ie actjon at Peach Orchard was a small affair, lasting about two hours, to cover the retreat. A part of
General Sumner's corps were all the troops engaged. The point where the wounded were taken first was about one and a half
miles from Savage's Station, to which place they were all carried afterwards. The affair at Savage's Station was of greater
magnitude than the last. It continued about three hours. General Sumner's and General Franklin's corps were engaged.
Darkness put an end to the contest, and our forces continued the retreat, and were followed, soon after daylight the following
morning, by that portion of the Confederate army commanded by General Stonewall Jackson. I was detailed by Surgeon J. F.
Hammond, U. S. A., medical director of the Second Corps, to remain at a house on the field where the battle had been fought,
near the Williamsburg road, and about three-fourths of a mile from Savage's Station, in charge of about one hundred and sixty
wounded men that had been collected there. No food or medical supplies of any kind was left. I remained here about four
days, when I succeeded in getting the men removed to Savage's Station, where a considerable amount of medical and hospital
supplies had been left. The only transportation I could possibly obtain was the common army wagon, without springs, and
only for such as could not possibly get there themselves. The men exhibited great energy and perseverance in hobbling along
on such rude crutches as we could make for them. We remained about two weeks at Savage's Station, until the supplies were
nearly exhausted, and were then taken on freight and platform cars to Richmond, where the men were distributed to the
different prisons. All of these that I visited were greatly crowded and very filthy. The diet, issued uniformly to all, consisted of
fresh beef and soft bread. There was, apparently, a great destitution of all kinds of medical supplies and surgical appliances.
I remained about four days in the Libby prison, attending tbe sick and wounded prisoners, when I was permitted to leave with
them, and again joined the Army of the Potomac, at Harrison's Landing."
LXXIX. Second Extract from a 12eport of Ms /Services from June 1st, 1861, to June 19th,
1863. By Assistant Surgeon PHILIP 0. DAVIS, U. S. Army.
* * * "In November, 1861, I was assigned to duty at the Columbia College Hospital, Washington, under Surgeon
E. H. Abadie, U. S. A., and remained there until February, 1862. Tlie cases I attended presented nothing of particular interest,
the majority being typhoid and eruptive fevers. There were many patients from northern regiments with rubeola. ' On
March 1st, I was ordered to take medical charge of the artillery brigade of General Franklin's division, consisting of one
regular and four volunteer batteries. * * We embarked at Alexandria for the Peninsula, and landed at Ship Point, in
Pequosan Bay, and encamped till May 4th, when the enemy evacuated York town, and we embarked for West Point. On March
6th, before the whole column had debarked, we were attacked by General Lee. The fight lasted about five hours, when the
enemy fell back. But one battery of the brigade of which I had charge was under fire, and only one man was wounded, he
receiving only a flesh wound from a rifle ball, was dressed on the field, and was then sent to the field hospital. A few days after
the battle, we again resumed our march, and finally went into camp near Gaines's Mill, Virginia. While here, three deaths
occurred ; one from typhoid fever, two from accident. We then crossed the Chickahominy at Woodbury's bridge, and formed
the second line of defence, General Smith forming the first. On the day of the battle at Gaines's Mill, we were ordered across
the Chickahominy, to support General Porter. We arrived on the field about four o'clock in the afternoon. Our loss was
small, being only nine or ten wounded slightly. We then recrossed the river, and took up our former position at about nine
o'clock, P. M., .June 28th. The whole army then commenced the retreat toward the James River. On the afternoon of the
30th, while at Charles City Cross Roads, we were attacked by the enemy. At this fight, our casualties were two killed and
twelvu or fourteen wounded. We were exposed to an artillery fire at short range, the enemy using case-shot and shell. The
wounded were promptly attended to, but as we were compelled to fall back during the night, and under cover of the darkness,
I was compelled to leave the patients in the hands of the enemy, except those whose wounds were slight. At Malvern, on
July 1st, our brigade was not engaged at all, although in position all day. * * At Harrison's Landing, the health of the
troops was good ; but few deaths occurred, and most of these were cases of typhoid fever. There were a few of scurvy, which
yielded readily to appropriate remedies. Diarrhoea was prevalent, and some cases resisted all remedies."
LXXX. Extract from a Narrative of his /Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon
JOHN T. REILY, U. S. Army.
"On July 22d, 1861, I was employed, under contract, by the Surgeon General, and ordered to assist in
removing the wounded from the battlefield of Bull Run to the hospitals in Washington City. On the completion of which duty,
I was ordered to report to Surgeon J. R. Smith, U. S. A., at that time in charge of Seminary hospital, when I was assigned to
duty in charge of a ward. The hospital at that time was principally filled with wounded men. The wounded recovered
rapidly and were sent away, and the hospital was refilled with patients from the neighboring camps. There a rare opportunity
was offered for observing the results of the various modes of treatment of the most terrible injuries and fatal diseases to which
the soldier is exposed. Having served in this excellent school for four months, I received an order, on November 28th, 1861,
to report for duty with the batteries of General Win. F. Smith's division of the Army of the Potomac. The command consisted,
at that time, of four batteries of light artillery: battery F, Fifth U. S. Artillery, the Third New York battery, First New York
Independent battery, and one Pennsylvania battery. The latter was ordered away from the command in January, 1862, and
replaced by battery E, Third Regiment New York Artillery; all under command of General R. Ayres. The command received
orders on the lltli of March to move to Fairfax Court-house, and thence to Alexandria, when it was embarked for Fort
Monroe. The health and morale of tbe troops, at that time, was excellent. Tbe division was placed in advance of the
90 APPENDED DOCUMENTS PENINSULAR CAMPAIGN.
main army, and moved in that position during the march toward Eiclimond. Nothing of interest occurred during the advance,
except occasional cavalry skirmishes, until the 5th of April. On that day, being close upon the enemy, the third brigade,
under command of Brigadier General J. W. Davidson, with the First and Third New York batteries, formed in line of battle and
moved forward. About noon, an earthwork was discovered about two thousand yards in front, and to the left, of the road
leading from Warwick Creek to Williamsburg. The Third New York battery, supported by infantry, advanced, under cover ot
heavy pine timber, within eight hundred yards of the enemy's works, and, while being placed in position in the middle of a
road, received a fire from his battery, which was soon returned; the firing continuing at intervals. Battery F, Fifth U. S.
Artillery was ordered up, and placed in position on the left of the road, and the remainder of the division placed within
supporting distance. The enemy getting the range of the Third New York battery, blew up a limber-box of one of the pieces,
knocking down several of the cannoniers, without, however, seriously injuring them ; after which, battery F, Fifth U. S. Artillery
opened fire upon the works, without any apparent effect, except cutting down the flagstaff. The infantry, being mostly under
cover, and not being able to reach the enemy with inusketry, remained in silence, losing a few men, who were shot by sharp
shooters. The troops remained in position, the batteries firing occasionally during the afternoon. At nightfall, entrenchments
were dug in front of the batteries, and extended to each flank, to protect the infantry Nothing but occasional picket firing
occurred during the night. On the morning following, occasional firing was kept up on both sides, without any important
effect. At night, the command received orders to abandon the position and move to the right, when we went into camp, after
marching about two miles over roads which were almost impassable for artillery. A few slightly wounded men, in the artillery,
were sent to the rear, but rejoined in a few days. The wounded among the infantry were conveyed to Young's Mills, thence to
Fort Monroe. On the following day, the batteries were ordered to move toward Williamsburg. Being near the enemy's lines,
the next few days were occupied in putting the cannon into position, with a view of making another attack. On April Kith,
1862, having arrived a few days previously at Warwick Creek, and discovered a line of earthworks, which was found to be a
continuation of the Yorktown line, the command was ordered to move at daylight, and the Third New York battery, Captain T.
Mott, was ordered to commence firing on the enemy's works at a range of about twelve hundred yards, the remainder of the
command being reserved. After a few shots, the enemy replied with a battery of smooth bore, twenty-pound pieces, throwing
common shell, and getting the range almost immediately. Our battery lost three killed and four wounded in a few minutes,
when the position was changed under cover of the smoke. The firing ceased, the wounded were removed out of range, their
wounds dressed, and, after sufficient reaction, were placed upon ambulances and sent to the field hospitals, which were half a
mile to the rear. This was the commencement of the battle known as the battle of Lee's Mills. Nothing further occurred
until two, P. M., when the infantry under Generals Brooks and Davidson, with the three remaining batteries, were ordered to
form in line of battle The batteries being so placed as to move forward in an open field, and the infantry in heavy pine timber
on the right and left of the pieces, it was found important to open the batteries as soon as possible, and, by an overwhelming
fire, to drive the enemy from his pieces, to cover the infantry until it charged the woods, and to prevent pursuit in case ot
repulse. ' The supplies of medicines, hospital stores, ambulances, and hospital tents were complete, having been drawn
just before leaving Washington, and added to through special raquisitions. During the interval, the wounded, amounting to eight,
were not removed until their wounds were dressed, when those who could ride without danger were sent on horses, and the
most seriously wounded were carried on litters about one thousand yards, and placed in field hospitals. The distance was so
short in the afternoon, seven hundred yards, that the enemy fired grape shot and conical bullets, as shown by the character ot
the injuries received by our men and horses. The improved rifle, with conical ball, six twenty-pounders, and six smooth-bore
guns were the ones used. Those of the wounded who could withstand the journey were conveyed by ambulance trains to
Young's Mills, and thence to Hampton and Fort Monroe, and finally sent north. Two primary amputations were performed on
the field; one patient died from the effects of a burn produced by premature explosion of the piece. The right arm and hand
were literally torn to pieces, and the right pectoral region lacerated and burned. Chloroform slightly diluted was the anaesthetic
employed. My time being fully occupied, having, at that period, no assistant surgeon assigned to the command, I did not
have an opportunity of observing the wounded, or their treatment, save only to dress the wounds of those who were struck
near the batteries. There were eight wounded and four killed in the whole command during the battle. The health of the
troops began to be affected very much after the battle; working parties were continually employed at night digging trenches,
and a strong picket was continually required. Their hardships and exposure to rain, which fell almost daily, produced fever,
which almost invariably assumed an asthenic type, and showed a strong tendency to typhoid fever. On the morning after the
evacuation of the Yorktown line, the command was ordered to move on the road toward Williamsburg, and the sick and
remaining wounded were sent to the hospitals at and near Fort Monroe, and thence to the north. * * On the evening of
May 4th, the command was halted within one and a half miles of a second line of works. * * On the morning of May 5th,
the batteries were harnessed at daylight, and held in readiness to move at a moment's notice. Our position was on the right ot
the line. About seven A. M., some batteries to our left opened fire in the neighborhood of Fort Magruder, which was the
stronghold of the line, and the battle known as the battle of Williamsburg commenced. As no demonstration could be made
upon the line directly in front of our position, the batteries were not ordered into action until eleven A. M., when they were
ordered to accompany General Hancock's brigade of five regiments in a demonstration to the right of our former position.
Eain had been falling the previous night, and continued at intervals dui'ing the day, making the road extremely diificult for
moving of artillery. ; One hundred and ten wounded Confederates were left upon the field, and many prisoners were
brought in. They carried off a large number of their wounded, and all who could walk retreated to Williamsburg. Their
whole number of wounded, probably, amounted to two hundred and fifty. * * When the firing ceased, I superintended the
removal of the wounded from the field. The surgeons of the respective regiments coming up, the General ordered me to take
charge of the Confederate wounded. I removed them for safety to the nearest fort, there being no houses near. Having my
instruments and bandages, I attended them in a pelting rain during the night. The rain was beneficial, as water could not
be had without great difficulty; and, the redoubt being without shelter, it was extremely difficult to move rapidly among the
wounded, the mud being very deep. On the 6th, we were able to remove the wounded to large barns near the redoubt, where
REPORT OF SURGEON J. T. CALHOUN. 91
they were comfortably situated, with plenty of fresh water, and good ventilation. As soon as the supplies* could be moved up, they
were made comfortable, and all the primary amputations did well up to the time the command was ordered to march, which was
in about six hours. Having no orders to remain, 1 moved with the command, and the wounded were left in charge of surgeons,
Avho superintended their transportation in ambulances to the York River, where they embarked for northern hospitals. On
May 7th, the command moved toward Richmond. ' After Malvern, the troops were supplied with clothing, shelter, and
good commissary stores; but diarrhoea, dysentery, remittent and typhoid fever made their appearance among them, the latter
disease soon assuming a malignant type. It did not abate until the command left Harrison's Landing, and reached the healthy
climate, north of the Potomac."
LXXXI. Extract from a Narrative, of his Services in the Peninsular Campaign. By
Assistant Surgeon J. THEODORE CALHOUN, II. S. Army.
* "I entered the service as assistant surgeon of the 5th Regiment of the Excelsior Brigade, or numbered also
as the 74th New York Volunteers. ' * In the vast majority of volunteer organizations, the surgeon has no one to instruct
him in his duties ; and not apprehending, as was very natural to a civilian, the importance of a rigid adherence to prescribed
forms, he was very apt to deem them a species of red-tapeism, to be discarded by men of energy. Hence, records of the medical
department of many of the volunteer regiments are very imperfect. We started fairly, under the guidance of some of
the regular medical officers, Surgeons Brown, Moore, and others, and when we reached the field, there was but little to unlearn.
The importance of this fact cannot be over-estimated. The medical staff of the Excelsior Brigade, though but few of its
original medical officers were left, remained to the end of the war one of the best organized of the Army of the Potomac. ;
The physical examination of the recruits was rigid, and no unsound man was knowingly enlisted, though a few were passed
through my inexperience. I will cite one case in which I was completely misled. William H. Burdick, of Tideoute, Warren
County, Pennsylvania, was examined while in a state of nudity. Suspecting that he was older than he reported himself, I was
more particular than usual, and examined him with unusual care. I could not get him to keep still for a moment, which I
attributed to confusion from excessive modesty. He appeared anxious to exhibit his agility, and leaped and danced about in a
manner to indicate that he was at least well able to use his lower extremities. I passed him. That afternoon, his company
was mustered in, and as they were marching to their quarters, I met them, and was surprised to observe that this recruit
had a decided limp. Further inquiry demonstrated the fact that he had a shortening, of perhaps half or three-quarters of an
inch, of one leg, and that his nervousness, which I had attributed to bashfulness, had been an attempt, and a successful one,
to conceal this defect. As he could not well march, he was assigned to the hospital department, and, as nurse, served
throughout the Peninsular and General Pope's campaigns, when he was taken quite ill with pneumonia, sent to general hospital,
and discharged the service. The results of this rigid examination is shown in the records of discharges of the regiment to
which I was attached. While regiments from neighboring brigades had discharged scores of men, my discharges, after some
eight months' service, numbered two only, and my sick list was very small. : Company B, of the 74th, was composed
almost exclusively of Frenchmen, and they economized fuel, and, at the same time, kept their huts properly warmed, by an
ingenious device, somewhat like the camp-stove of the California miners,
and resembling, in shape, the ordinary reverberatory furnace. The part
containing the fire was made of stone, covered with clay. The chimney
was of twigs, wattled in, and covered with clay, and the top of the
furnace was an old mess-pan inverted. A piece of sheet iron was used
as a diaphragm, or damper, to regulate the draft in furnace, and to econo
mize fuel. I believe that the most healthful mode of heating tents or
huts, where fuel is plenty, is by an open fire-place and chimney, because
of the ventilation it affords ; but an equable heat, by a small amount of
fuel, can be obtained by the calorifere above described. : ' At Liver
pool Point, on the lower Potomac, the regimental hospital was in two
negro huts, fitted up for the purpose. Here we had a number of cases
of the so-called typhoid fever I do not believe that many of the cases
, FIG. 9. — Diagram showing- the tent furnaces used in the
were the true enteric fever, characterized by the ulceration ot levers Army of the Potomac,
patches, but rather a miasmatic fever, more appropriately denominated in
the monthly army medical report ' typho-malarial fever.' The loss of the 74th New York Volunteers, at the battle
of Williamsburg, was forty-nine killed and ninety-nine wounded. The 70th New York Volunteers lost between three hundred
and four hundred men. * * The field hospital of the New York brigade was located by Brigade Surgeon J. Owens, U. S. V.,
in the woods in the rear of the line of fire. A more inappropriate place could not well be imagined. We were constantly
under fire of artillery and small arms, and exposed to a drenching rain. Men were wounded at the hospital depot, and some
of the wounded were killed. My horse was killed very close to me. * * Ambulance transportation was very limited.
Few operations beyond the extractions of bullets were practiced at this depot. Most of the wounded were sent to a division
hospital established in a large house, with burns and outhouses, two miles in the rear. * Most of the operations were
performed the day subsequent to the battle. After most of the operations had been performed, most of the wounded were
transferred to a steamer lying at Queen's Landing, on York River. The very badly wounded were carried thither on
stretchers. A few were left in Williamsburg, at the hospitals established there. On May 31st, the enemy attacked us at Fair
Oaks. Our loss was not large. My regiment lost between thirty and forty. Our hospital w:is in ;i frame house, :i mile
and a half from the battle-field. From this point, there were several roads to Savage's Station, whither the wounded were sent,
and thence transported to White House on railway cars. During the battle, it was proposed to move the principal hospital
92 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ANTIETAM CAMPAIGN.
station forward, but the corps commander, General Heintzelman, forbade tbis for military reasons. When the action closed, I
accompanied Surgeon Thomas Sim, U. S. V., and superintended the loading of the ambulances with the wounded of the first
day's fiirht. I found two little buildings, known as the twin houses, filled with wounded, dying, and dead Union and
Confederate soldiers, mingled promiscuously on the floors. These houses had been used as field hospitals, temporarily, and it
had not been possible to evacuate them when the Union forces fell back on June 1st. They had been exposed to the fire
of artillery and small-arms, and the walls were perforated in every direction by the projectiles from these weapons. Under the
trees, in front of these houses, were many wounded, who had crawled thither to escape the burning sun. Nearly all of their
wounds were filled with maggots. They said the Confederate surgeons had spoken kindly to them, and, in a few instances,
had civen them some restorative; but no attempt had been made to examine their wounds. The dead had not been properly
buried and in every direction fragments of limbs and bodies were lying exposed. The heat was intense during the day ; the
nights were chilly, with heavy dews. * * The men went on picket every third day, and during the interval were hard at
work on the entrenchments. The camps were daily under an artillery fire, and night alarms were of frequent occurrence.
* * Everv hygienic measure that could be made by the medical officers was carried out; but I regret to say that these were
few. Every disease took an asthenic form, and a remarkable tendency to periodicity was observed in every variety of disease.
The form of fever termed by the negroes swamp fever, but which should be known, perhaps, in scientific nosology, as typho-
malarial fever, was very frequent. * * The treatment I adopted was generally successful, and consisted of a mercurial
cathartic, calomel and rhubarb, usually, followed by a large dose of quinine, say ten grains of the sulphate of quinia, combined
with a grain each of opium and of capsicum, thrice, daily. None of my cases terminated fatally. ; The practice of
maimiiif themselves, by shooting off their index fingers or great toes was wide spread at this time. I called it a monomania,
the incentive to which is a desire to get rid of the very laborious and dangerous duty on picket and on the entrenchments. I
so termed it, because the practice was not confined to the malingerers, but was observed in good men and brave soldiers. On
June 2.r)th, the third corps advanced on the Williamsburg turnpike, and engaged at what is sometimes called the 'Peach
Orchard,' but more properly ' Old Tavern.' I was detailed to take charge of a small house, half a mile on the right, and
rear of the ' twin houses,' and was informed that the wounded, after being temporarily dressed at the front and at the ' twin
houses,' should be sent to my hospital, where I should select those requiring operative interference, and send the remainder on
to Orchard Station, on the York River railroad ; and that, as fast as a sufficient number to fill an ambulance were operated
on, they should be sent to York River for transportation by railway cars to the White House, whence transports would take
them to Fort Monroe or the North. Surgeon J. W. Foye, llth Massachusetts Volunteers, and Acting Assistant Surgeon Fiske,
and an adequate number of hospital stewards, nurses, and attendants were assigned to this hospital. A door, torn from its
hinges, was used as an operating table, supported by two barrels, while a third barrel served as a table to hold the instruments.
I declined to operate in one case, which involved an amputation at the hip-joint, as the patient was a victim to chronic
alcoholism. I amputated one thigh very high up by the circular method; so high that my assistant had to hold aside the
testes to avoid the edge of my knife. I heard of him alive six weeks afterwards. * * At Malvern, our hospital was at a
large brick mansion on a bluff, surrounded by a pine grove. The wounded were transferred thence to a large frame house on
the banks of the river. At night, I went to the latter hospital, and worked until our candles gave out, and then lay down to
take a little rest, being exhausted by work and want of food. I was soon awakened, and found the whole army retreating to
Harrison's Landing.'' *
LXXXIL Extracts from a Report of the, Operations of the, Medical Department of the Army
of the Potomac from July kth to December 31st, 1862. By JONATHAN LKTTEKMAN, Surgeon
U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Army of the Potomac.
" In obedience to orders from the War Department, dated June 23d. 1862, I reported, on the 1st day of July,
to General McClellan, at Haxhall's Landing, on the James River, for duty as medical director of the Army of the Potomac,
and, after the arrival of the army at Harrison's Landing, J was placed on duty as such, on July 4th. I attempted, on the 28th
of June, to report to the Commanding General from the White House, on the Pamunkey River, but was prevented from so
doing by the movements of the army, and was compelled to proceed, by way of the James River, to the headquarters. The
change which was taking place in the position of the army, when I left the White House, rendered it necessary that the medical
supplies and the transports for the wounded and sick should also be sent up the James River, to meet the wants of the army.
Upon inquiry, not ascertaining that any orders had been issued in the matter, I assumed the authority, and directed Assistant
Surgeon R. H. Alexander, U. S. A., medical purveyor, and Assistant Surgeon E. S. Dunster, U. S. A., medical director for
transportation, to proceed up that river with their supplies and vessels with all possible despatch. They reached Harrison's
Landing in time to be of the greatest service. The army, when it reached Harrison's Landing, was greatly exhausted. The
malaria from the borders of the Chickahominy and the swamps throughout the Peninsula, to which it had been so freely
exposed, now manifested its baneful effects upon the health of the men. In addition to this, the troops had been marching and
fighting, for seven days and nights, in a country abounding in pestilential swamps, and traversed by streams greatly swollen by
the heavy rains, which made that region almost a serbonian bog. The labors of the troops had been excessive ; the excitement,
intense. They were called upon to subsist upon a scanty supply of food, and but little time was afforded to prepare even this
meagre allowance. They had little time for sleep, and even when the chance presented itself, it was to lie in the rain and mud,
with the expectation of being called to arms at any moment. The marching and fighting in such a country, with such weather,
with lack of food, want of rest, great excitement, and the depression necessarily consequent upon it, could not have other than
the effect of greatly increasing the numbers of sick in the army after it reached Harrison's Landing. Scurvy had made its
appearance before the arrival of the army there. The seeds of this disease had doubtless been planted some months previously,
and were due not merely to the want of vegetables, but also to exposure to cold and wet, working and sleeping in the mud and
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR LETTERMAN. 93
rain, and, also, to the inexperience of the troops in taking proper care of themselves under difficult circumstances. This disease
is not to be dreaded merely because of the numbers it sends upon the reports of sick. Its influence goes much further, and
the causes which give rise to it undermine the strength, depress the spirits, take away the energy, courage, and elasticity of
those who do not report themselves sick, and who yet are not well. They do not feel sick, and yet their energy, their powers
of endurance, and their willingness to undergo hardship are, in a great degree, gone, and they know not why. In this way, it
had affected the fighting powers of the army much more than was indicated by the numbers it had sent upon the reports of sick.
All these influences were not without their effect upon the medical officers, as well as upon the rest of the army. A number of
these became sick from the exposure and privation to which they had been subjected, and those who did not succumb entirely
to these influences were worn out by the excessive labor required of them during the campaign upon the Peninsula, and
especially upon the labor incident to the battles immediately preceding the arrival of the army at Harrison's Landing. The
nature of the military operations unavoidably placed the medical department, when the army reached this point, in a condition
far from being satisfactory. The supplies had been exhausted almost entirely, or had, from necessity, been abandoned. The
hospital tents had been almost universally abandoned or destroyed ; the arrangement of the ambulances was not in such a state
as to render very effective service, and the circumstances under which the army was placed required a much larger number of
medical officers to perform the duties which were thrown upon that portion of the staff. It was impossible to obtain proper
reports of the number of sick in the army at Harrison's Landing. Nor had the causes just referred to yet produced their full
effects. After about six thousand sick had been sent away on the transports, twelve thousand seven hundred and ninety-five
remained. The data on which to base the precise per centage of sick and wounded could not be obtained at this date ; but, from
the most careful estimate which I could make, in the absence of positive data, the sickness amounted to at least twenty per
centum. On the 1st of July, I directed the Harrison House to be taken and used as a hospital, as it was the only available
building for the purpose in that vicinity, although entirely inadequate to meet the wants of the army. Only a few wall tents
could be obtained at that time, with which to enlarge the capacity of the hospital. No regulation hospital tents could be
procured. The rain began to fall heavily early on the morning of July 2d, and continued, with little interruption, until the
evening of the 3d. A few wounded came to the hospital on the 1st; on the 2d, and, thereafter, for several days, they came in
great numbers. Details of medical officers were required to work day and night, and continued to work faithfully until all the
wounded who desired assistance had received it. The absence of tents prevented shelter being provided, and the great majority,
being slightly wounded, were obliged to find protection from the rain as best they could, the more serious cases being kept in
the building known as the Harrison House. The labors of the medical officers were excessive, but no relaxation was given
until all who required attention had received it. The greatest difficulty experienced at this time was providing proper food,
which very many needed much more than medical or surgical aid. Very soon large cauldrons and supplies of beef stock were
obtained from the medical purveyor, and hard bread from the commissary department. Excellent soup was prepared and freely
issued, relays of cooks being, at first, employed night and day. This hospital was afterward sufficiently enlarged, by hospital
tents, to contain twelve hundred patients, and, when the army left Harrison's Landing, the tents were removed to Crancy
Island, near Fort Monroe, and a hospital was established there by Surgeon A. E. Stocker, U. S. V., who conducted the removal
and re-establishment of the hospital speedily and well. The transports for the sick and wounded, except those that had been
sent to the North from the Pamunky River, reached the army on the 2d of July. These vessels were fitted up with beds,
bedding, medicines, hospital stores, food with many delicacies, and with arrangements for their preparation ; everything, indeed,
that was necessary for the comfort and well being of the wounded and sick. Surgeons, stewards, and nurses were assigned to
their respective boats, and remained with them wherever they went. I doubt if ever vessels had been so completely fitted up
for the transportation of sick and wounded of an army as these vessels had been by your orders. The shipment of the wounded
and sick began on the 2d of July, in the rain, and was continued day and night until a very large number had been sent away.
The want of shelter and proper accommodations at that time, at Harrison's Landing, rendered it necessary to send away many
who, under more favorable circumstances, would not have been sent out of the army. The weather was so inclement, the mud
so excessive, and the shelter so wholly inadequate, that there was an evident disposition on the part of medical officers to
consider compassionately any case of sickness or of wounds which presented itself. Had they not been sent on ship-board, they
must have remained out in the rain and mud, shelterless and without proper food. On the 15th of July, about seven thousand
had been sent to Fort Monroe or to Northern hospitals. A large number still remained, and, during the first week while the
shipment was in progress, the troops that remained by the colors were suffering seriously from the effects of the late campaign.
The deadly malarial poison was producing its full effects, and, with the want of proper food, and exposure to the rain, and fatigues,
was now being fully manifested in the prevalence of malarial fevers of a typhoid type, diarrhoeas, and scurvy. Whilst the
shipment of wounded and sick was going on, and as soon as the pressing necessities of the first few days were provided for, my
attention was given to ascertain the most expeditious method of improving the health of the army. The results of the
investigations made and the means considered proper for adoption, many of which had already been enforced in the case, were
set forth in a communication I transmitted to Brigadier General S. Williams, Assistant Adjutant General, on July 18th. An
extract from this communication was published to the army, in orders, and from this extract I quote enough to indicate the
views which I then submitted for the consideration of the Commanding General : ' The diseases prevailing in our army are
generally of a mild type, and are not increasing. Their chief causes are, in my opinion, the want of proper food, and that
improperly prepared, exposure to the malaria of swamps, and the inclemencies of the weather, excessive fatigue, and want of
natural rest, combined with great excitement of several days' duration, and the exhaustion consequent thereon. I would
recommend, to remedy these evils, that food, with abundance of fresh vegetables, shelter, rest, with a moderate amount of
exercise, be given all the troops, and general and personal police be enforced. To accomplish this, I would suggest that an
abundant supply of fresh onions and potatoes be used by the troops dailv, for a fortnight, and, thereafter, at least twice a week,
cost u-Jtdt llu-;i IIKIJI ; that the desiccated vegetables, dried apples or peaches, and pickles, be used thrice a week ; that a supply
of fresh bread, by floating ovens or other methods, be distributed at least three times a week ; that the food be prepared by
companies, and not by squads ; and that there be two men detailed Irom each company as permanent cooks, to be governed in
94 APPENDED DOCUMENTS — ANTIETAM CAMPAIGN.
making the soups and cooking by the enclosed directions ; that wells be dug as deep as the water will permit ; that the troops
be provided with tents or other shelter, to protect them from the sun and rain, which shall be raised daily and struck once a
week upon new ground ; the tentes d'abri also to be placed over new ground once a week ; that the men be required to cut pine
tops, spread them thickly in their tents, and not sleep on the ground ; that camps be formed, not in the woods, but at a short
distance from them, where a free circulation of pure air can be procured, and where the ground has been exposed to the sun
and air to such an extent as to vitiate the noxious exhalations from damp ground saturated with emanations from the human
body and from the decaying vegetation. Sleep during the day will not compensate for the loss of it at night : and I suggest
that, as far as possible, the troops be allowed the natural time for rest ; that not more than two drills per day be had, one in
the morning, from six and a quarter to seven, and one in the evening, from six and a half to seven and a quarter; that
the men be allowed to sleep until sunrise, and that they have their breakfast as soon as they rise. This, with the labor
required for policing, will be sufficient during the present season. That when troops march, they should have breakfast, if only
a cup of cofl'ee, before starting, and after their arrival in camp, eacli man be given a gill of whiskey in a canteen three-fourths
filled witli water. I would also recommend that the strictest attention be paid to policing, general and special; that all the
troops be compelled to bathe once a week, a regiment at a time, if possible, being marched to the river, from a brigade, one
hour after sunrise, or an hour and a half before sunset, to remain in the water fifteen minutes ; that sinks be dug and used, six
inches of earth being thrown into them daily, and when filled to within two feet of the surface, new sinks to be dug and the
old ones filled up; that holes be dug at each company kitchen for the refuse matter, and filled in like manner; that the entire
grounds of each regiment be thoroughly policed every day, and the refuse matter, including that from stables and wagon yards,
be buried two feet below the surface or burned ; that dead animals, and the blood and offal from slaughtered animals, be not
merely covered with a layer of earth, but buried at least four feet under ground. That the spaces between regiments be kept
policed, and no nuisance whatever be allowed anywhere within the limits of this army ; and that regimental commanders be
held strictly accountable that this most important matter is attended to. I think if these suggestions be carried into effect, that
we may, with reason, expect the health of this army to be in as good a state as that of any army in the field. Every effort is
being made by the commissary and quartermaster departments to provide such articles as I have mentioned, belonging to their
departments/ This extract will, perhaps, be sufficient to explain the views entertained by me on this subject, so vital to the
army and to the country. After about seven thousand sick and wounded had been sent away, there remained twelve thousand
nine hundred and seventy-five, making a total of nearly twenty thousand. The greater portion of this army reached Harrison's
Landing on the 2d of July. On that day, 1 addressed a letter to the Surgeon General, asking that one thousand hospital tents
and two hundred ambulances might speedily be sent for the use of the army. I felt convinced that great destitution in tents
would be found to exist, and that many ambulances had been lost, and that it would be necessary to have both of these articles
replaced. The tents, I considered, would be especially needed to shelter the wounded and sick, whom it would be desirable to
keep with the army. No one thing so much disheartens troops and causes homesickness among those who are well, as sending
sick to hospitals outside of the army to which they belong. Such was the experience of the armies in the Crimea, and such is
the experience of all armies. On the 7th day of July, the following communication was sent to me from Washington by the
Quartermaster General: 'You were, this day, telegraphed as follows, viz: Have ordered tents for fifty thousand men sent to
Harrison's Landing. Few hospital tents on hand ; more making. For the present, I advise the use of some of r,he wall tents
lately shipped to Harrison's Landing. But why not send your sick and wounded at once to Fort Monroe, to be transferred to
a healthier place ? Sick and wounded are not useful at such a place as that at Harrison's Landing.' On the 9th of July,
General Meigs informed me that he had ordered two hundred ambulances from Philadelphia, and two hundred and fifty
hospital tents from Washington to Fort Monroe, saying, the remaining seven hundred and fifty hospital tents will be forwarded
as soon as made. It will be perceived that it was owing to no want of foresight on the part of the medical department, if
proper shelter was not provided. Three hundred hospital tents reached Harrison's Landing on the 18th of July. On the 1st
of August, I was informed that a large number had arrived, together with a number of ambulances. The tents, as far as
they were needed, were used for the accommodation of the sick. The ambulances were distributed before we marched towards
Yorktown. Before the communication to Brigadier General Seth Williams, Assistant Adjutant General, of July 18th, was
written, the existence of scurvy attracted my serious consideration, and, upon consultation with Colonel F. H. Clarke, chief
commissary of the army, large supplies of potatoes, onions, cabbage, tomatoes, squash, beets, and fresh bread were ordered by
him. The first arrival of antiscorbutics was on the 7th of July. Potatoes and onions arrived on July '20th, and, thereafter, the
supplies were so abundant that potatoes, onions, and cabbage rotted at the wharf for want of some one to take them away.
The fresh bread was eagerly sought for by the men, as they loathed the hard bread which they had used for so many weeks.
This loathing was no affectation, for this bread is difficult to masticate, is dry and inspid, absorbs all the secretions poured into
mouth and stomach, and leaves none for the digestion of other portions of the food. The craving for fresh bread was founded
in reason, and was not a mere whim. In addition to these vegetables and fresh bread procured by the commissary department,
fifteen hundred boxes of fresh lemons were issued by the medical purveyor to the various hospitals and to the troops. The
beneficial effects of this treatment soon became perceptible on the health of the men, and, when we left Harrison's Landing,
scurvy had disappeared from the Army of the Potomac. AVhilst the army remained at that place, supplies of every kind
appertaining to the medical department were abundant, and large amounts were used, as it was found necessary to re-supply
the regiments of almost the entire army. Ice was freely, and almost daily supplied by the medical purveyor to the general and
regimental hospitals and to the hospital transports. The recommendations contained in my communication to General S.
Williams, which I have quoted, were ordered to be carried into effect by the General. The attention of the Adjutant General
was called to the subject of police, a matter all important in an army, on July Isith. Inspections were made frequently by
medical officers in the different corps, by officers sent upon this duty from the medical director's office, and by myself, to see
that the instructions just alluded to were enforced. The duty was laborious, and especially so because of the excessive heat in
July and August. These inspections were purposely made without any intimation to the commands to be inspected. The
beneficial effects of the inspections were very evident, in the improvement of the various camps and regimental hospitals. In
EEPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR LETTERMAN. 95
very few regiments sickness increased. In others, the sick list remained stationary ; in others, it decreased. On the whole, the
health of the army improved. On July 30th, I informed the Surgeon General that the number of sick in the army was about,
twelve thousand, of whom two thousand could take the field. The cases became less severe and more manageable, yielded
more readily to treatment, and continued to indicate a general tendency to improve, until the army evacuated Harrison's
Landing. It is impossible to convey, in writing, to any one not mingling with the troops, a true idea of the improvement which
took place in the health of the men while we were encamped at that place. The number reported sick on the regimental reports
cannot by any means be taken as the true condition of the health of the army upon its arrival there ; it does not give the real
amount of its effective fighting strength. The want of proper nourishment, the poisonous exhalations from the streams and
swamps of the Peninsula, the labor undergone, and the anxiety felt, had undermined the strength and withered the spirits of a
great many who were apparently well. The effective strength of the army when it reached Harrison's Landing, and for some
time thereafter, was less than the returns would indicate; and then, on the other hand, there are many ways in which improved
health manifests itself that cannot be adequately described. There was so much in the appearance, in the life and vivacity
exhibited by the men in the slightest actions, even in the tone of the voice, which conveyed to one's mind the impression ot
health and spirits, of recovered tonicity of mind and body, of the presence of vigorous and manly courage ; an impression
which, to be understood, must be felt and cannot be told. The real strength of the army, when it left Harrison's Landing, was
greater than the large number at that time sent on the transports for the sick would lead you to suppose. It was agreeable to
notice that the measures adopted for the improvement of the health of the troops were so ably and so cordially seconded by the
medical directors of corps that, by their exertions and that of the officers under them, encouraging results were brought about,
and that they were so able and so willing to assist in efforts towards restoring the health, and re-establishing the vigor of the
Army of the Potomac. Time showed that those who were not sick were well, that the spirits of the troops had risen, and that
the army, when it left Harrison's Landing, was in a better condition by far than when it reached that place, and that there was
every evidence to expect the health of this army to be in as good a state as that of any army in the field. From July 15th, the
transports for the sick were chiefly employed in bringing our wounded and sick exchanged prisoners from Richmond, and
carrying them to the northern cities ; principally to Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York. They were almost wholly occupied
in this duty until August 3d, when the last exchanges were made at City Point. Shortly after communication was opened
with the Confederate authorities, large supplies of fresh lemons, brandy, lint, and other necessaries were, by direction of the
commanding general, sent to City Point, to be turned over to the Confederate authorities for the use of the wounded, but would
not be received by them, and were returned. The commanding general visited the transports, on their return from that place
with our wounded, and I inspected every vessel before it was allowed to leave for the north, that I might be certain that every
thing was done, and done properly, that was necessary for the welfare of those on board. Three thousand eight hundred and
forty-five sick and wounded were thus transported. After this time, a portion of these transports, which had been while north
taken from their legitimate use, were occupied in carrying exchanged Confederate prisoners from the north to City Point. On
the return of these boats from this service to Harrison's Landing, they were found to be excessively filthy, and required a great
deal of labor to render them again suitable for the transportation of the sick. The use of these vessels in this wav embarrassed
me. On the 3d of August, the shipment of the sick from the army commenced, and was carried on as rapidly as the
transportation could be obtained. It will be perceived from what I have just said that I had at my disposal only a portion ot
the boats set apart for that purpose, and the hospitals I had drawn plans for, and which the commanding general had directed
the chief quartermaster to procure, were not allowed. These two things embarrassed me much. * * Colonel R. Ingalls,
Quartermaster U. S. A., made every effort in his power to aid me in removing the sick, and placed at different times temporarily
at my disposal, for this purpose, ten steamers. Some of these could make but one trip, others made more, and carried, in all,
from the 9th to the night of the 15th of August, five thousand nine hundred and forty-five men. One thousand nine hundred
and eight men were sent away before the 9th on the regular transports. The total number sent away, consequent upon the
movement of the army, was fourteen thousand one hundred aiid fifty-nine. The largest number of boats was obtained on the
15th, and on that day and night five thousand six hundred and twenty-nine were sent away. This fact will, I think, show that
the medical department was not idle. The delay arising from the use of the transports for purposes other than that for which
they were designed, it was impossible for me to avoid, and it, at the same time, was the cause of another serious evil, the want of
time to have the cases to be sent away properly examined. From this cause, many were taken on board who should not have
been received ; many men were sent from regiments, by colonels or captains, without the knowledge of the medical officers, who
were fully able to do the duty required of them, and, under the circumstances, it became necessary to send them on to the boats.
This state of things could have been prevented, could the medical department have had full control of its vessels, when the
preparations were commenced to embark the sick. The delay involved an emergency, under which, it was impossible to have
every case thoroughly examined. There are always numbers of skulkers and worthless men in an army, who are on the
watch for an opportunity to escape duty, and these always furnish the cases which require the most careful examination, and
the men who raise the cry of inhumanity, want of attention, and cruelty of surgeons, so frequently taken up and re-echoed
from one end of the country to the other. Out of three thousand cases examined, upon one arrival at Fort Monroe, six hundred
were fit for duty, and 07-dered to their regiments. When the time and the means are considered, it will, I think, be conceded
that seldom have so large a number been transported without accident and without suffering. A careful and attentive medical
officer was placed on each boat, with medical supplies sufficient for use. Credit is very deservedly due to Doctor Dunster, and
the medical officers of the vessels, for the manner in which this large number was transported and provided for. The labor was
great. The supplies appertaining to the medical department were, owing to the excellent manner in which the purveying was
performed by Assistant Surgeon Alexander, U. S. A., in every way abundant while at Harrison's Landing, and when the army
left that place, it was, so far as the medical department was concerned, fully, I might almost say elegantly equipped with all
that was requisite for another campaign.
The subject of the ambulances, after the health of the troops, became a matter of importance. Medical officers and
quartermasters had charge of them, and, as a natural consequence, little care was exercised over them, and they could not be
96 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ANTIETAM CAMPAIGN.
depended upon during an action or upon a march. It became necessary to institute some system for their management, such
that they should not be under the immediate control of medical officers, whose duties, especially on the day of battle, prevented
anv supervision, when supervision was, more than at any other time, required. It seemed to me necessary, that whilst medical
officers should not have the care of the horses, harness, etc., belonging to the ambulances, the system should be such as to
enable them, at all times, to procure them with facility when wanted for the purpose for which they were designed, and to be
kept under the general control of the medical department. Neither the kind nor the number of ambulances required were in
the army at that time, but it nevertheless was necessary to devise a system that would render as available as possible the
material upon the spot, particularly as the army might move at any time, and it was not considered advisable to wait for the
arrival of such as had been asked for, only a portion of which ever came. In order to inaugurate a system which would make
the best of the materials on hand and accomplish the objects just referred to, the following order was written and published by
direction of the commanding general. * * [For the details of the ambulance system here referred to, see the account of the
ambulance system in the Surgical History of the War. — EDS.]
Whilst the army was at Harrison's Landing, the hospitals at Point Lookout, Fort Monroe, and its immediate vicinity,
Portsmouth, and Newport News were within the jurisdiction of the Army of the Potomac, and all of them I visited. On the
1st of August, there were in these hospitals one thousand eight hundred and twenty patients; during that month, including the
hospital at Craney Island, to which I have already alluded, they received five thousand one hundred and ninety-one ; making a
total of seven thousand one hundred and eleven. Of these, seven hundred and sixteen were returned to duty, one hundred and
one discharged, four sent on furlough, nine deserted, and eighty-four died, leaving under treatment five thousand eight hundred
and seventv-nine. On the 31st of August, in these hospitals, during that month, sixty-six surgeons, twelve medical cadets,
twelve hospital stewards, five hundred and thirty-seven nurses, and one hundred and twenty-six cooks were on duty. The
army had to be transported northward, by water, from this place. All the vessels that could be obtained, the transports fitted
up for the sick, as well as others, were required by the quartermaster's department for this object. It appeared that it was
necessary to have the troops transported with rapidity, as they were sent with scarcely any baggage. It resulted, that the
ambulances and all their appurtenances were left behind, to be sent up as vessels could be spared for the purpose. Some of the
vessels never arrived. A large portion of the medical supplies were also left behind, in some cases everything but the hospital
knapsack, by orders of colonels of regiments, regimental quartermasters, and others ; in some cases, without the knowledge of
the medical officers ; in others, notwithstanding their protest. For such acts as these, medical officers have been severely
censured, and they were censured afterwards for not having the very supplies which had been left behind in this manner. From
the date of the embarkation of the troops at Fort Monroe, up to the time when the general was placed in command of the
defences of Washington, I know personally but little of the medical department of the Army of the Potomac. It was not under
my control. On the 2d of September, when the general was placed in command, it came once more under my control, and I
found it in a most deplorable condition. The officers were worn down by the labors they had in the meantime undergone; a
large portion of their supplies, as I have stated, had been left at Fort Monroe, and even much of that which they had brought
with them was thrown on the roadside, I have been informed by commanding officers, on the way to join General Pope. This
state of things, taken in connection with the effects upon the medical department, arising from the campaign, left it in a.
condition deeply to be deplored. The labor expended at Harrison's Landing in rendering it efficient for active service
seemed to have been expended in vain, and before it could be in a condition to render such service again it was necessary that
it should be completely refitted. The circumstances under which the army was then placed made this simply impossible; there
was not time to do it, for as soon as the troops reached the defences of Washington, they were marched into Maryland, and no
time could be allowed for medic.il officers again to equip themselves with the medicines, instruments, dressings, and stores
necessary for the campaign in that state. In a few instates, the medical officers who returned with the first troops were able to
obtain a few supplies, but these opportunities were few. Some corps, which did not belong to the Army of the Potomac whilst
it lay at Harrison's Landing, were also marched rapidly into Maryland, of the condition of whose medical supplies I could
know nothing, except on the way to meet the enemy. The medical department had to be, as it were, reorganized and re-supplied,
and this had to be done while upon a rapid march over different sections of the country, and almost in face of the enemy.
Before leaving Washington, I had ordered a number of hospital wagons from Alexandria, Virginia, which reached me at
Rockville, in Maryland, whence they were distributed to the different corps. While at this place, I directed the medical
purveyor in Baltimore to put up certain supplies, and have them ready to send to such a point as I should direct. Upon our
arrival at Frederick, on September 13th, directions were given for the establishment of hospitals at that place, for the reception
of wounded in the anticipated battles, and additional supplies, to a large amount, were ordered to be sent from Baltimore at
once. The Confederate troops had been in this city but the day before our arrival, and almost all the medical supplies had been
destroyed, or had been taken by them. Just previous to our arrival in Frederick, two hundred ambulances were received from
Washington, which I distributed to the corps, as rapidly as the movement of the troops would permit. The failure of the railroad
company to forward the supplies caused serious annoyance. The railroad bridge over the Monocacy creek, between Frederick
and Baltimore, having been destroyed by the Confederate troops, made it necessary to have all the supplies of the quarter
masters and commissary, as well as medical departments, removed at that point. A great deal of confusion and delay was the
consequence, which seriously embarrassed the medical department ; and not from this cause alone, but from the fact that the
cars loaded with supplies for its use were on some occasions switched off and left on the side of the road, to make way for other
stores ; and some of the supplies, I have been informed, never left Baltimore. The battle of South Mountain took place on the
14th. The village of Middletown, about four miles in rear of the scene of action, was thoroughly examined before the battle
began, to ascertain its adaptability for the care of the wounded. Churches and other buildings were taken, as far as was
considered necessary, and yet causing as little inconvenience as possible to the citizens residing there. Houses and barns, the
latter large and commodious, were selected in the most sheltered places, on the right and left of the field, by the medical directors
the corps engaged, where the wounded were first received, whence they were removed to Middletown, the Confederate
wounded as well as our own. The battle lasted until some time after dark, and as soon as the firing ceased I returned to
m
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR LETTERMAN. 97
4
Middletown and visited all the hospitals and gave such directions as were necessary for the better care of the wounded. On
the following morning, Assistant Surgeon Win. Thomson, U. S. A., was directed to take charge of all the hospitals in the village,
and Surgeon T. Theodore Heard, U. S. V., Surgeon P. Pineo, TJ. S. V., and Surgeon (J. .1. Nordquist, 83d New York Volunteers,
were sent to consult together, and with him, and to perform such operations as were demanded. The object in sending these
officers was to have all necessary operations done as soon as possible, as it would be impracticable for the surgeons in charge of
the different hospitals to perform them all in season, anil at the same time to attend to the other duties required of them. The
work of these ollicers was very satisfactorily performed. The hospitals were soon put in good condition, and the men were
well attended to. Supplies of medicines and stores were, in part, obtained from the supplies in the army, and, in part, from
Frederick. Owing to the causes already alluded to, it required no little exertions to obtain them from this place. The difficulty
was, however, overcome, and such as .were needed, were, from time to time, procured. The task of providing food for the
wounded was one of still greater difliculty; but was accomplished by having it brought fVom Frederick, and by purchasing
from the people living in the village and vicinity. As was anticipated, the \vounded, under the supervision of Assistant Surgeon
Thomson, who labored unceasingly, were attended with great care, and the hospitals placed in excellent condition. Great
kindness was shown by the citizens, and especially by the ladies, to our wounded, until the hospitals were broken up.
The battle of Crampton's Gap took place also on September 14, 1862, at the same time that the engagement at South
Mountain was in progress. The hospitals for the wounded were located at Burkettsville, about a mile in the rear of our troops.
As in the village of Middletown, churches and other buildings were here appropriated for hospital purposes. A sufficient
number of surgeons were detailed by Surgeon W. J. H. White, U. S. A., Medical Director of the Sixth Corps (the only corps
engaged), who had charge of the medical department in the action. There was but short time given to prepare hospitals in
either of these villages, as the troops left Frederick and fouirht both battles the same day. By the exertions of the medical
ollicers in charge, the hospitals in Burkettsville were in a short time put in good order, and every care taken of the men brought
to them. * * The same difficulty existed here as in Middletown, regarding supplies of medicines, hospital stores and food,
and were overcome in like manner. The most reliable reports that can be obtained show one thousand two hundred and
fourteen wounded in these two engagements. While these figures are not deemed entirely accurate, they are throught to
approximate very nearly to the actual number wounded, those of the Confederate forces not being included.
The army pushed on rapidly, and passing through the village of Boonsboro' on the following day, the 15th, it was
examined, to ascertain what accommodation it afforded for hospital purposes, in the event they should be required there. Later
in the evening, we passed through the village of Keedysville, a few miles beyond, which was also subjected to a similar
inspection. Passing beyond this village, we came in sight, late in the evening, of what after.vards proved to be the battlefield
of Antietam. As soon as the nature of tlie country and its resources for hospital purposes could be ascertained, and when a
conception was formed of the nature of the anticipated battle, and the position to be occupied by our troops, directions were
given to the corps medical directors to form their hospitals, as far as possible, by divisions, and at such a distance in the rear of
the line of battle as to be secure from the shot and shell of the enemy ; to select the houses and barns most easy of access, and
such as were well supplied with hay or straw, and water ; and, when circumstances would permit, to designate barns as preferable
to houses, as being at that season of the year well provided with straw, better ventilated, and likely to enable the medical officers
with more facility to attend to a greater number of wounded, and to have all the hospital supplies taken to such points as were
selected. These directions were generally carried into effect, and yet the hospitals were not always beyond the range of the
enemy's guns. Very few hospital tents could be obtained, owing to the haste with which the army marched from Virginia into
Maryland ; but the weather was such as to enable the wounded to be cared for without them. A reference to the map
accompanying this report will exhibit better than any description the location of these hospitals, which were necessarily
numerous, from the length of the line of battle and the obstinacy with which the engagement was contested.
The battle commenced on the evening of September 16th, and continued until dark ; it was renewed early in the morning
of the 17th, and lasted until night. During the day, I received valuable aid from Assistant Surgeon B. Howard, U. S. A., who
was busily engaged while the battle was in progress in riding to different parts of the field, and keeping me informed of the
condition of medical affairs. After night. I visited all the hospitals in Keedysville, and gave such directions as were deemed
necessary. The subject of supplies, always a source of serious consideration, was here peculiarly so. The condition of affairs at
Monocacy Creek remained as heretofore described, and the action of the railroad was not commensurate with the demands made
upon it. The propriety of obtaining the hospital wagons from Alexandria was evident, as these gave a supply for the emergency,
and enabled surgeons to attend to tlie wounded as soon as the battle opened. On the close of the battle, supplies of medicines,
stimulants, dressings, and stores were sent for and brought from Frederick in ambulances, and were distributed to the different
hospitals as they were needed. The fear of the supplies becoming exhausted, for the difficulty of procuring them was well
known, caused uneasiness on the part of some medical officers, who did not know the efforts that had been made before, and
were made during and after the battle, to have enough furnished to supply their wants. I visited, after the battle, every hospital
in the rear of our lines, and in no instance did I find any undue suffering for lack of medical supplies. Owing to the difficulty
in having them brought from Monocacy Creek, for the first few days, the supplies of some articles became scanty, and in some
instances very much so; but they were soon renewed, and, at the temporary depot established in Sharpsburg, shortly after the
battle, a sufficient quantity of such articles as were necessary from time to time arrived, and when this temporary depot was
afterwards broken up, about the middle of October, a portion of the supplies remained on hand. Not only were the wounded
of our own army supplied, but all the Confederate wounded, which fell into our hands, were furnished all the medicines, hospital
stores, and dressings that wero required for their use. The difficulty of supplying the hospitals witli food was a much greater
one than that of providing articles belonging to the medical department, and was a matter of very great concern. This, a matter
in all battles of moment, was, in this, particularly so, on account of the distance of the depot of supplies. An order was procured
from Colonel lugalls for twelve wagons to bring up from Frederick supplies of medicines and food. These wagons could not
be obtained. Two were then procured from the chief quartermaster at headquarters, and I sent them in command of a medical
officer, who brought up supplies of coffee, sugar, and bread. Tlie hospitals were soon afterward abundantly supplied. I have
98
APPENDED DOCUMENTS ANTIETAM CAMPAIGN.
already mentioned that the ambulances had been left at Fort Monroe, when the troops embarked, and that no system existed,
except in the corps which belonged to the Army of the Potomac, while at Harrison's Landing. A portion of the ambulances ot
some of the corps arrived just prior to the battle; a large number had been distributed in other corps, but were yet unorganized,
and was not expected that they would prove as efficient as was desired. Notwithstanding, the wounded were brought from the
field on our right before two o'clock on the following day. The ambulance train of the Second Corps was more fully equipped,
and did most excellent service, under the charge of Captain J. M. Garland, who labored diligently, and with great care, until
all his wounded were removed. The troops on the left were those among whom no well organized ambulance system existed ;
but here owino- to the exertions of the medical officers, the wounded were removed by the evening of September 18th. When we
consider the duration and magnitude of the engagement, and the obstinacy with which it was contested, it is a matter of
congratulation to speak of the expeditious and careful manner in which the wounded were removed from the field. Compiled
from the most reliable sources at my command, the number of wounded amounted to eight thousand three hundred and fifty.
This number is not entirely accurate, as many who were slightly wounded were attended to, of whose cases no record could,
under the circumstances, be taken. The removal of so large a body of wounded was no small task. The journey to Frederick
in ambulances was tedious and tiresome, and often painful to wounded men. It was necessary that they should halt at
Middletown for food, and to take rest ; that food should always be provided at this place at the proper time, and for the proper
number; that the hospitals at Frederick should not be overcrowded; that the ambulances should not arrive too soon for the
trains of cars at the depot at Frederick, the bridge over Monocacy Creek having been rebuilt; and that the ambulance horses
should not be broken down by the constant labor required of them. With rare exceptions, this was accomplished, and all the
wounded whose safety would not be jeopardized by the journey, were sent carefully and comfortably away. The hospitals in
Frederick were soon established and put in order by Surgeon J. J. Milhau, U. S. A. In addition to the hospitals in the
city, two large camps of hospital tents were formed on the outskirts of the city, capable of containing one thousand beds each.
One hospital had been established in Frederick some months before our arrival ; but at that time it was filled chiefly with
Confederate sick and wounded, who had been left there. All the available buildings in this city, six in number, were taken
for hospitals. * * These were fitted up with great rapidity, the buildings selected and prepared; beds, beddings, dressings,
stores, food, cooking arrangements made; surgeons, stewards, cooks and nurses detailed, and sent for. On September 30th,
these hospitals contained two thousand three hundred and twenty-one patients. The camps, to which I have just alluded, were
formed in October, in very eligible and pleasant locations, on the outskirts of the town. In these hospitals and camps,
sixty-two surgeons, fifteen medical cadets, twenty-two hospital stewards, five hundred and thirty-nine nurses, and one hundred
and twenty-seven cooks were on duty during the month of October, when all were in operation. During this month, three
thousand and thirty-two patients, chiefly wounded, were received into these hospitals, making, with those then under treatment
on the 30th of September, five thousand three hundred and fifty-three. Of this number, four hundred and three were returned
to duty, twenty-three were discharged, three deserted, four were sent on furlough, two thousand and sixty-four were sent to
other hospitals, and two hundred and fifty-three died; leaving, on the 31st of October, two thousand six hundred and three
remaining in the hospitals. A large number of wounded were sent from the hospitals on the battlefield, through Frederick, to
other hospitals, of whom no record was kept, as they were not received into any of the hospitals in that city. Few, who saw
these hospitals after their establishment, could form any conception of the labor required to put them in the good condition in
which they were kept. The zeal and ability displayed by Surgeon J. J. Milhau, U. S. A., in their organization and management,
and the hearty cooperation he at all times gave me, deserve especial mention. In addition to our own wounded, we had to
care for two thousand five hundred Confederate wounded from the battle of South Mountain, Crampton's Gap, and Antietam.
Those captured at South Mountain were taken to Middletown, and those at Crampton's Gap, to Burkettsville. When the
general assumed command of the defences of Washington, the hospitals in Washington and its vicinity were placed under my
control. We left that city for Maryland on September 7th, and a few days thereafter, these hospitals, and the medical affairs of
the troops in and around Washington, were placed in the immediate charge of Surgeon K. O. Abbott, U. S. A. * * The
following table exhibits the number of hospitals there, and some points of interest connected with them:
TABLE X.
Statistics of Military Hospitals in Washington from August 3lst to December ?>lst, 1862.
00
„
,
an
=
3
c *\J
a
C3
0>
5S
P/b
0 TO
-s
^
no
S
3J
^,
3
0
go*
C5
O
CS 00
"S'i
13
tH
Q§B
3.
r— 2
J^h
r— ? -^
O
«
0)
p£j
at
OJ
DC
«^- .—
*J
pjQ
C1J
60*1-
E
2 ^
o>
1
TS
O
0
O
o
11
ci
2
1
'5
c
o
S <!
2
"o
V
00
c
_
5
_
*
M
fe
H
M
S
a
02
O
S
35
224
11,797
44,253
56, 050
12, 200
5,454
97:5
19, 708
2,099
2,GS4
12, 932
The excellent administration of these hospitals, and the complete system of records adopted and carried out, reflect the
highest credit upon the officer in charge, for to him it is due. The very great assistance Dr. Abbott* so uniformly and so
unreservedly gave me upon all occasions requires especial notice, and it affords me the greatest pleasure to ask your attention
to the richly deserving merits of this officer.
* Whose untimely death the medical staff has since had to deplore.— Ens.
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR LKTTERMAN. 99
Immediately after the retreat of the enemy from the field of Antietam, measures were taken to have all the Confederate
wounded gathered in from the field over which they laid scattered in all directions, and from the houses and barns in the rear
of their lines, and placed under such circumstances as would permit of their being properly attended to, and at such points as
would enable their removal to be effected to Frederick, and thence to Baltimore and Fort Monroe to their own lines. They
were removed as rapidly as their recovery would permit. The duty of attending to these men was assigned to Surgeon J. H.
Ranch, U. S. V., to whom assistants were given from-our own officers, and by all the medical officers who had been left by the
enemy to look after their wounded. A sufficient number of ambulances and supplies having been placed at the disposal ot
Surgeon Ranch, these wounded were collected in convenient places, and every thing was done to alleviate their sufferings that
was done for our own men. Humanity teaches us that a wounded and prostrate foe is not then our enemy. There were many
patients whose wounds were so serious that their lives would have been endangered by removal; and to have every opportunity
afforded them for recovery, the Antietam hospital, consisting of hospital tents, and capable of comfortably accommodating nearly
six hundred patients, was established at a place called Smoketown, near Keedysville, for those who were wounded on our right,
and a similar hospital, less capacious, the Locust Spring hospital, was established in the rear of the Fifth Corps, for the
wounded on our left. To one or other of these hospitals, all the wounded were carried, whose wounds were of such a character
as to forbid their removal to Frederick or elsewhere. The inspections made of these hospitals made known to me the skilful
treatment which these men received, and the care with which they were watched over, and convinced me of the propriety ot
the adoption of this course in regard to them. Surgeon 13. A. Vauderkieft, U. S. V., who was in charge of the Antietam
hospital, was unceasing in his labors, and showed a degree of professional skill and executive ability much to be admired.
Great care and attention was shown to the wounded at the Locust Spring Hospital by Surgeon T. H. Squires, 89th New York
Volunteers, who had charge of it. Both hospitals were kept in excellent order. Immediately after the battle, a great many
citizens came within our lines, in order to remove their relatives or friends who had been injured, and in a great many instances
when the life of the man depended upon his remaining at rest. It was impossible to make them understand that they were
better where they were, and that a removal would probably involve the sacrifice of life. Their minds seemed bent on having
their friends in houses. All would, in their opinion, be well if that could be accomplished. No greater mistake could exist,
and the results of that battle only added additional evidence of the absolute necessity to wounded men of a full supply of pure
air, constantly renewed, a supply which cannot be obtained in the most perfectly constructed building. Within a few yards, a
marked contrast could be seen between the wounded in houses, barns, and in the open air. Those in houses progressed less
favorably than those in the barns, those in the barns less favorably than those in the open air, although all were in other
respects treated alike. The capacious barns, abundantly provided with hay and straw, the delightful weather with which we
were favored, and the kindness exhibited by the people of the neighborhood afforded increased facilities to the medical
department for taking care of the wounded thrown upon it by that battle. From the frequent inspections which I made from
time to time, and from the reports of inspections made of the hospitals, and the manner in which the duties required in them
were performed by medical officers, it gives me no little pleasure to say that the wounded had every care that could be bestowed
upon them ; that they were promptly, willingly, and efficiently attended, and, although I have more than once spoken concerning
the conduct of medical officers on that battlefield, I cannot refrain from alluding here to the untiring devotion shown by them
to the wounded of that day. Until all the wounded were finally disposed of, no pains were spared, no labor abstained from, by
day or by night, by the medical officers of this army, to alleviate the sufferings of the thousands of wounded who looked to
them for relief. The medical directors of corps, especially Surgeon A. N. Dougherty and Surgeon John McNulty, were
untiring in their exeitions and unceasing in their labors, and were ably assisted by the staffs under their command. Very
few delinquencies occurred, and these were swallowed up by the devotion exhibited by the rest of the medical staff during and
long after the battle. The surgery of these battlefields has been pronounced by some journals butchery ; gross misrepresentations
of the conduct of medical officers have been scattered broadcast over the country, causing deep anxiety to those wh» had
relatives in the aimy. It is not to be supposed that there were no incompetent Burgeons in the army; but these sweeping-
denunciations against a class of men who favorably compare with the military surgeons of any country, because of the
incompetency of a few, are wrong, and do injustice to a body of men who have labored faithfully and well. It is easy to
magnify faults beyond the bounds of truth; it is equally easy to ignore the good that has been done. Some medical officers
lost their lives in their devotion to duty in the battle of Antietam, and others sickened from the excessive labor which they
conscientiously performed. If any objection could be urged against the surgery of those fields, it should be to the efforts ot
surgeons to practice conservative measures to too great an extent. I had better oppoitunities, perhaps, than any one else to
form an opinion, and, from my observations, I am convinced that if any fault was committed, it was that the knife was not used
enough. So much has been said on this mutter that, familiar as I am with the conduct of the medical officers on those
battlefields, I cannot, as the Medical Director of the army, see them misrepresented and be silent. After these battles, the
army remained some time in Maryland, preparing for the coming campaign in Virginia. During this time, I was occupied in
having the wounded well cared for, and properly sent away; in making suitable provisions for those whose safety required that
they should not be removed, and in making such changes as experience and observations, during those battles and the short
time that I had occupied the position of medical director, convinced me were necessary. Hitherto large amounts of medical
supplies had been lost, and in various ways wasted, and, not unfrequently, all the supplies for a regiment had been thrown
away for want of transportation, and, of course, were not on hand when wanted. It was necessary that this should be remedied,
and, in order to do so, it was necessary to diminish the amount that was furnished a regiment at one time, which would affect the
whole existing system, and make the change a radical one. The objects which it was considered as desirable to attain were,
to reduce the waste which took place when large supplies were at one time issued to regiments, to have a supply given them,
small, but sufficient for all immediate wants, and to have these supplies easily attainable, and replenished without difficulty,
when required, and without a multiplication of papers and accounts. It was necessary, also, that they should be transported
with facility, and that no trouble should be experienced in having them in abun.'ance at the field hospitals in time of action ;
and yet, at the same, to preserve a proper degree of accountability. To accomplish this, a system of supplying by brigades was
]()0 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ANTIETAM CAMPAIGN.
adopted on tlie 4th of October, 1862. * * Before the adoption of this system, one, and sometimes two wagons were required
to transport the medical supplies of a regiment, and another wagon was required to transport cooking utensils, hospital tents,
and bassrage of medical officers. AVith the new system, one wagon sufficed for the medical department of a regiment ; one
Wilson was added to a brigade, and the essential medicines and supplies were in such shape as permitted them to be carried on
a horse, if necessary, and not abandoned and lost as heretofore. * * No system of field hospitals existed, that I was aware
of and being convinced of the necessity of adopting some measures by which the wounded could receive the best surgical aid
which the army afforded, and with the least delay, my thoughts were naturally turned to this most important subject. On the
field of battle above all other places, confusion is most liable to ensue, and, unless some method is observed by which certain
surgeons have specific duties to perform, and every officer has his place pointed out beforehand and his duties defined, and held
to a strict responsibility for their proper performance, the wounded must, of course, suffer. To remedy the want which existed
the following circular was issued.
[For the details of the plan here referred to, see the account of the ambulance system in the Surgical History of the
War.— EDS.]
I have alluded to the loss of medical officers in battle. Three of them fell upon the battlefield of Antietam, whose
devotion to duty I cannot pass over. Surgeon W. J. II. White, U. S. Army, medical director of the Sixth Corps, under General
Franklin, was killed on that field by a shot from the enemy. He was a skillful surgeon, a gallant officer, and a gentleman
whose deportment was kind and courteous to all who had intercourse with him. These admirable traits, together with his
familiarity with the medical affairs of that corps, made his loss deeply to be deplored, and especially on that day. Assistant,
Surgeon Kevere, of the 2Cth Massachusetts Volunteers, accompanying his regiment into the midst of the fight, fell by the hands
of the enemy, nobly and fearlessly discharging his duty to the wounded. Assistant Surgeon A. A. Kendall, of the 12th Massa
chusetts Volunteers, was killed by the enemy while with his regiment in this battle. He was a faithful and efficient officer,
active and zealous in his devotion to his duty, to which he fell a victim in the midst of battle. I cannot act justly without
mentioning the faithful services of Hospital Steward Kaldeway, U. S. Army, who has been constantly with me. His attention
to duty has been invariably most marked. Shrinking from no labor by day or by night, in everything he has acquitted himself
to my entire satisfaction, and it gives me no little pleasure to bring to your notice a non-commissioned officer who has acted
so well.
We crossed the Potomac, and entered Virginia early in November, in anticipation of another battle soon taking place.
Nothing of special interest occurred in the medical department dining our very rapid march through that portion of the state
which was traversed by the army. My arrangements had been made, and the necessary instructions given to the medical
directois of the corps, and with the hearty cooperation they were affording me, I felt that, should the anticipated battle occur
shortly after our arrival at Warrenton, the medical department would be more able than it had been hitherto to discharge the
duties devolving upon it.
General McClellan was relieved from the command of the Army of the Potomac on the 5th of November, and the battle
did not take place. Upon my first interview with him at Harrison's Landing, I perceived the great interest taken by General
McClellan in everything connected with the medical department of this army. Time only served to strengthen my convictions,
and continued to assure me of his constant solicitude for the welfare of the sick and wounded in the army under his command.
Amidst the most pressing engagements, he found time to give his attention to every suggestion for their benefit which I had to
offer, and I feel the most grateful remembrance of the unvarying confidence and support which he heartily gave me in
every tiling which I considered condusive to that end.
Major General A. E. I5urnside assumed command of this army on the 9th day of November, 1862, at Warrenton. On
the 17th of that month, we left that place for Fredericksburg, and arrived opposite that city on the 19th of the same month. It
was generally believed that, upon our arrival there, we would at once cross the Rappahannock and take possession of the city.
This was not done, and it soon became apparent that, if we attempted to do so, a battle would ensue. Shortly after we left
Maryland, the medical purveyor of this army, Assistant Surgeon T. J. McMillin, U. S. A., was directed to leave Knoxville,
Maryland, and to proceed witn his supplies to Washington, and await orders, and be prepared to leave at any moment. He
was ordered to Warrenton, whither he arrived shortly after the army, and was engaged in issuing supplies until the troops left
that place, when he was ordered to Washington, and thence to Aquia Creek, where he was to be prepared to issue. After the
arrival of the army before Fredericksburg, it became evident that we could not occupy that city, nor proceed further on, without
a battle. Great uncertainty existed as to the time such an engagement would take place. It became necessary to see that
everything in the medical department should be ready for any emergency which might arise. The principal objects to be
accomplished were, that an extra amount of supplies for such an occasion should be on hand and easily attainable when wanted,
that the organization of the ambulance corps should be carried into effect in those corps which did not belong to this army
when the order establishing it was issued, and that it should be more perfectly put in force in the others than it had been
hitherto. Ample supplies of medicines, instruments, stimulants, and anaesthetics were ordered from New York and Washing
ton for the medical purveyor, who, after his arrival at Aquia Creek, was kept busily employed at this depot in issuing to the
medical officers. In addition to these supplies, large quantities, over and above what were required for issue, of beef stock,
stimulants, dressings, milk, coffee, tea, blankets, and underclothing were ordered and kept on hand, ready to b» sent to any
point where they might be needed. All the hospital Antenrieth wagons that could be procured were distributed. 1 regretted
that there were not enough to supply each brigade; but this 1 had no power to remedy. The medical directors of corps were
informed that an extra amount of the articles needed during an engagement would be on hand at an easily accessible point,
and would be obtained without difficulty. This information they were directed to convey to the officers under them, which was
promptly done. The requirements institution of field hospitals w«-re to he attended to. The details were made in each corps,
the necessary blanks distributed, and every step taken, as far as could be, before an action, to carry the instructions contained
therein into effect. The ambulance corps in each army corps was examined, and requisitions made for such numbers as were
needed to make up the allowance. Horses, harness, stretchers, lanterns, and all that was necessary for putting the trains in
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR LET/TERM AN. 101
serviceable order were procured, and officers were assigned, and men detailed to complete and render effective the organization.
The operations of this corps upon the field of battle will give ample evidence of the propriety of the order establishing it, and
of expending time and labor in its organization and equipment. Five hundred hospital tents were, at my request, ordered by
Colonel R. Ingalls, the chief quartermaster of the army, and kept at the depot, ready, at any moment, for use when required.
These arrangements required no little expenditure of time and labor. During this period frequent interviews took place with
the medical directors of corps and other medical officers and with the ambulance officers, and such advice and instructions were
given as were deemed expedient.
On the 10th of December, the pontoons were ready to be thrown over the Rappahannock, and the batteries were placed
in position on the north side of the river. I did not anticipate many wounded among the artillerists, and therefore directed but
three places to be selected for the whole line, near which the hospitals for the batteries should be located, and had officers
detailed to attend to them. My anticipations regarding the number of wounded were realized. The nature of the battle which
was about to occur, so far as the medical department was concerned, was peculiar. It was necessary that provision should be
made for the wounded near where they might be injured. In the attempt to throw the pontoons over the river, great opposition
was probable, and should the bridge be constructed and the troops attempt to cross, it was thought that it would be done under
the fire of the enemy's guns, which, planted on the heights beyond the city, commanded the bridges and streets leading from
them into the city. In this case, ample accommodations must be made for a large number of wounded on the north side of
the river. Should we succeed in crossing, and carry the place without opposition, the troops would, in all probability, be at
once pushed on, and attempt to carry the heights beyond which commanded the city. In this case, everything must be prepared
for the establishment of hospitals at once on the south side of the river. It was necessary that both these contingencies should
be provided for. In case we attempted to carry the works of the enemy, hospitals were to be provided immediately in
Fredericksburg, with all their appliances; and yet it was equally necessary, even if we crossed without molestation, that we
should be prepared to move the wounded at a moment's notice from the city to the opposite side; for, if we did not succeed,
the city would be at the mercy of the enemy, whose guns commanded it. These preparations were required not only for the
troops attacking the enemy in the rear and to the right of Fredericksburg, but also for those on our left wing. For the
accommodation of the wounded of the troops designated for the attack on the enemy upon our right, and before our bridges
were laid, the hospital organizations of the first and second divisions of the Ninth Corps were established on the morning of
the llth, in a ravine near the Phillips house, about two-thirds of a rnile distant from the river, where they would be protected
from the guns of the enemy, easy of access, and have an abundance of wood and water. A number of hospital tents were
here erected, and others were kept in store, ready to be pitched if they should be needed. As Surgeon P. A. O'Connell, U. S. V.,
medical director of the Ninth Corps, remarks, in his report, 'the surgeons were at their posts ready for duty, with their
attendants, nurses, food, medicines, and all that the wounded might need.' Further to the right, and in a sheltered spot near
the railroad, where there was an abundance of wood and water, a number of hospital tents were pitched, which constituted one
of the division hospitals of the Second Corps. A house on the bank of the river, opposite the city, was also used as an hospital
by the Second Corps. On our left wing, the same kind of preparations were required and made as upon our right. The
arrangements of the Sixth Corps were completed by Surgeon Charles O'Leary, U. S. V, its medical director, which he reports
were in 'such order and system as gave me (him) the most pleasing assurance of their efficiency to meet the emergencies of the
approaching engagement.' The First Corps was upon the extreme left; its medical department, controlled by Surgeon J. T.
Heard, U. S. V., by whom one of the division hospitals was established in like manner on the north bank of the river.
On the morning of December llth, an attempt was made to throw the pontoons across the river. General Hunter's
reserve artillery opened upon the enemy's works beyond the city, and upon that portion of the town which skirted the river,
where the riflemen of the enemy were pouring a deadly fire upon the engineers engaged in constructing these bridges. In the
afternoon, the fire was tremendous ; such, I imagine, as has seldom been heard, at least upon this continent. Under its effect, the
enemy, who were but few in number, were, late in the day, driven from the cellars and other places of concealment along the
bank of the river, and the bridges were constructed. Three of them were thrown over on our right. Upon our left, two
bridges were made, but without so much opposition, and were done earlier in the day. On the afternoon of the llth and on
the 12th. the troops crossed the Rappahannock, a portion only of the city being in our possession on the evening of the latter
day. Those who were wounded previous to the night of the 12th were promptly and properly cared for in the hospitals
prepared on the north side of the river. In passing through the city on the afternoon of the 12th, for the purpose of examining
that part of it in possession of our troops in regard to its adaptability for hospital purposes, I found desolation everywhere
visible from the effects of the bombardment of the previous day. Some houses were shattered, others in ruins, and others
burned. The court-house, several churches, and such other buildings as were deemed suitable, were selected by and under the
immediate direction of the medical directors of the right and centre grand divisions, and medical directors of the corps to be
engaged. As many hospital wagons as were required were sent over, and the organization of each hospital was commenced.
So earnestly did the medical oflicers enter upon the discharge of their duties, that before the action began on December 13th,
the hospitals were in readiness, with officers, attendants, guards, instruments, dressings, stimulants, food, candles, etc.
Mattresses and beds were procured from the dwellings. These, with a limited amount of straw, enabled the surgeons to have
everything necessary to put the hospitals in order for the proper and speedy treatment of the wounded. The wounded, who,
mi the north side, had been, as I have just stated, attended to, were left in charge of a sufficient number of medical officers and
attendants, and plenty of medical and surgical appliances and food. All the tents were left standing, and others on hand,
ready for use, should they be wanted. A portion of the troops on our left crossed tie river on the llth ; the others, on the 12th.
The best attainable positions for the hospitals were selected, although not entirely out of range of the guns of the enemy, as
this was found to lie impracticable. The organization bv divisions had been, owing to the nature of the action on this wing,
more fully put into operation. .Surgeon Charles O'Leary, U. S. V"., of the Sixth Corps, reports that, in the corps under his
charge, 'each hospital had three operating tables, with the requisite number of surgeons and attendants assigned to them
separately. Instruments, dressings, and all necessary appliances, were arranged with an order, precision, and convenience
102 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ANTIETAM CAMPAIGN.
rarely excelled in regular hospitals. Each surgeon knew his proper place, and devoted himself to the duty pertaining to it
with a zeal and fidelity worthy of the highest commendation. I only give the testimony of commanding officers, as well as
medical officers, when I state that the preparations here made in a very short time presented the completeness in detail
belonging to the long-established, rather than to extemporized field hospitals.' * Oa the right, the location of the hospitals
was made known to the medical officers and the litter-bearers who followed their regiments. Here the action was to take place
but a short distance beyond the city, which, itself, was completely under the command of the enemy's guns, and, until the enemy
should be dislodged, the ambulances could not be used whilst the engagement was going on. On the left, the medical officers
who were detailed to accompany the regiments into the field, were ordered to establish themselves in the rear of their respective
brigades, in the most easily accessible and sheltered places, where the wounded were to be carried by the stretcher-bearers,
who were to be kept informed constantly of the position of these officers. These officers were directed to give such attention
as was imperatively required to the wounded. After this attention, the wounded were to be conveyed to the field hospitals by
the ambulances, whose officers were to be kept informed of the position of these officers whenever the brigade should move.
Before the action commenced, extra supplies of such articles as were deemed necessary were sent, in accordance with my
directions, to the railroad depot, not far from Fredericksburg. The medical purveyor, Assistant Surgeon T. McMillan, U. S. A.,
came up with them, to be near the scene of operations, and ready to comply with any orders he should receive in reference to
supplies, when he returned to Aquia Creek.
I have already stated that the medical directors were informed that supplies would be on hand ; and as soon as they
arrived, the information was given them, and they were directed to have it conveyed to all officers under them. These supplies
were in a central position, and were easily attainable by medical officers, who were only required to send a memorandum of
what they required.
On the morning of December 13th, the battle continued, and was contested with great obstinacy throughout the day.
The conduct of the troops on the right was excellent, as they were seen advancing and driven back, and again and again
reforming and pressing forward close to the fortifications, rifle pits, and stone walls, behind which the enemy was concealed
and protected. Their gallantry and perseverance won the admiration of every one who beheld the courage displayed under
circumstances so disheartening. As I have stated, the medical officers and their attendants were prepared with all the
appliances requisite for the treatment of the wounded, who were rapidly brought in by the stretcher-bearers throughout the day
and evening, and were promptly and efficiently treated. The labor of the medical officers did not, of course, cease with the
close of the day. The ambulances now commenced their legitimate duties. Hitherto the men belonging to this corps had been
employed in making the necessary preparations in the hospitals, and in attending on and administering to the wounded, under
the directions of the medical officers. As night closed in, the firing slackened, and shortly after altogether ceasing, this corps
began gathering in the wounded who yet remained upon the field. The night was very dark, and the difficulty great in finding
the objects of their search. The lanterns could not be used, as the glimmering of a candle invariably drew the fire of the enemy ;
but notwithstanding these difficulties, the officers and men continued their labors, and, before dawn, all the wounded who were
inside our lines had been taken to the hospitals prepared for them in the rear. Here, throughout the night, the medical officers
were sedulously engaged in attendance upon them, as they were brought in, blankets being fastened over the windows and
every aperture to conceal the lights, every appearance of which drew a shot from the enemy's guns planted on Marye's
Heights. During the day, the hospitals were not infrequently struck by shot and shell from these guns, but, fortunately, no one
was injured. The preparations made here for the reception and treatment of the wounded were found to be judicious and equal
to the wants of the occasion. The ambulance service was, in this portion of the army, so efficiently performed, that, although
it was not commenced, for the reasons already stated, until after dark on the 13th, the most accurate information obtainable
shows that, before daylight, all the wounded, save twenty, in a house outside of our pickets, beyond whose line the ambulances
could not be permitted to go, Avere brought from the field. It is unnecessary to go much into detail concerning the operations
of the medical department on the left wing, as I have already described the arrangements which had been made previous to
the commencement of the battle. These preparations were found fully equal to the wants of the service. The operating staff,
with the required assistants, attendants, and guards, with the necessary appliances, were at the hospitals, as had been directed.
The officers accompanying the troops selected the places most fitting for the performance of the duties devolving upon them.
The wounded were rapidly brought by the stretcher-bearers to the points ordered, of the position of which they were kept
informed. Here the sufferers received such attendance as Avas absolutely necessary, and were conveyed thence by the
ambulances to the field hospitals. Everything in the ambulance service was well conducted. Promptness, order, and precision
characterized the actions of this corps throughout that exciting day; and it is gratifying to be able to state, from reliable sources,
that not one Avounded man was left on that portion of the field that night. The action of this corps met the hearty approbation
of those Avho Avere cognizant of the admirable manner in Avhich it performed the duties required of it, and fully justified and
amply^repaid the time and labor expended in its organization. In that portion of it attached to the First Corps, one sergeant
Avas killed, one private Avounded, one lieutenant and one private missing, supposed to have been taken prisoners; and one
ambulance was so much damaged by a shell from the enemy that it had to be left on the field.
On December 14th, the troops remained on the field, and the surgeons in both wings of the army continued the labors
of the preceding day and night, and on the evening Of that day comparatively few operations remained to be performed. Late
at night, orders were given to have the wounded removed to the north side of the river. On December loth, and early next
morning, the removal began. On the left, a number had been removed on the 13th, Avhilst the action was taking place. The
propriety of leaving the hospital tents standhig, and of having more at hand ready to be pitched, Avas HOAV apparent. Early in
the morning, it was understood that no ambulances Avould be permitted to cross the river on the right, orders regarding them
having been partially misunderstood. This created for a short time some delay and confusion at the upper bridge, which I
soon remedied, and directed them to be crossed over on the lowest bridge, opposite the city, taken along a street parallel to the
river, which was unencumbered by artillery or infantry, receive the Avounded, who were directed to be carried to them from
the different hospitals on stretchers, and thence to recross the river at the upper bridge. This order was at once carried out,
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR LETTERMAN. 103
and long trains of ambulances might be seen crossing over, halting in the city to receive the wounded, and then filing out and
crossing again at the upper bridge, and winding their way with care to the hospitals on the north side of the river. This was
done without disorder or confusion, and, at the same time, expeditiously ; and the operation reflected great credit upon the
officers of the ambulance corps, especially so when it is considered that the city was at the mercy of the enemy, who, it was
thought, would undoubtedly direct their artillery upon it. In the evening, before six o'clock, every wounded man was
transported to the hospitals on the north side of the river. After the last ambulance had left the city, it was thoroughly
inspected and policed by my direction, and not one wounded or sick man was found. Every one thus transported was
sheltered, fed, and attended to that night. Many mattresses had been brought from the town, and an abundance of hay for
bedding was provided in all the division hospitals. Fifteen patients were left in the ambulances from their own choice, and not
from a want of room ; of these, six were slightly wounded. It rained very heavily during the night of December 15th, but no
suffering was occasioned by the storm.
On the left wing, the wounded of the First Corps were removed to the north side of the Rappahannock during the night
of December 13th, and were comfortably situated in the hospitals of their respective divisions, which were here prepared for
them. The wounded of the Sixth Corps, on the 14th, were also removed to the north side of the river by one o'clock in the
afternoon, to the hospitals made ready for them, the division organization being still kept up. A portion of the ambulances of
that corps were used for their removal, the remainder being left undisturbed and ready for the renewal of the battle, which, it
was thought, might, at any moment, occur. The movement of the troops rendered it necessary to remove the hospitals still
farther to the rear, in order to prevent their being injured, should the enemy attack our forces while crossing to the north side
of the river. This was done in the night, and the patients were comfortably and safely lodged in the hospitals which were
under the same organization that they had been hitherto. The wounded transported by the ambulance corps to the north side
of the river amounted to about five thousand. The operation of removing this number, in the short time in wrhich it was done,
without accident or confusion, but with great order, precision, and care, was a sufficient test of the efficacy of the system, and
the manner in which this organization was practically tested at this battle, reflects the highest credit upon its officers. The safe
and speedy removal, and the careful and expeditious manner in which this number of wounded were provided for when
removed, afforded the liveliest satisfaction to the generals in command, and 'to me it was especially gratifying. But few
operations remained to be performed after the removal to the north side of the river. * ' It is scarcely necessary to go into
all the details concerning the operations of the purveying department of this army. Large amounts of supplies were issued at
Knoxville, Maryland, during the latter part of October. The movement of the army from Maryland into Virginia necessitated
the removal of the depot from that place, and, on November 5th, the purveyor was ordered to proceed to Washington with his
supplies, to keep them in his possession, and to await orders. He left Knoxville, Maryland, on October 8th, and arrived in
Washington on the following day, where he found orders directing him to proceed to Gainesville, on the Manassas Gap railroad.
The army, in the meantime, having moved to Warrenton, his destination was changed to the latter place, where he arrived on
November 15th, and was engaged until the 17th in issuing large amounts of supplies. The army leaving that place for
Fredericksburg, he was directed to proceed, by way of Alexandria, to Aquia Creek, upon the last train. There being no wharf
at Aquia Creek, lie remained in Alexandria until the '21st, where, storing his supplies on barges, he arrived at Aquia Creek on the
24th. Here he was busy issuing from these inconvenient boats until December 10th, at which time a convenient steamer was,
with difficulty, procured. I considered a steamer absolutely necessary for his use, as it was not considered that the army would
remain long opposite Fredericksburg, but would move farther on into the enemy's country, in which event it was a matter of
necessity that his stores should be promptly transported, without dependence upon towed barges.
From October 18th to December 81st, 1864, there was issued to this army seventy four-horse wagon supplies, fourteen
hospital wagon supplies, seven complete hospital wagon, and four horse wagon supplies, two hundred and seven panniers and
medicine chests, and two hundred and fifty-six hospital knapsacks. These were special issues. Monthly requisitions were
made, in addition, to keep up the brigade supply to the amount ordered to be kept on hand.
The manner in which Assistant Surgeon T. McMillin. U. S. A., the medical purveyer, has conducted the business of his
department has met my most cordial approbation. The energy he has displayed in overcoming difficulties, especially those of
transportation, and the promptitude which he has at all times exhibited, are to be especially commended. On December 16th,
the removal of the wounded from the army to general hospitals began, and was continued from time to time until the 2Gth,
when the last were sent away. The preparations to be made for their transportation over a single track railroad, over which
the supplies for this army had to be transported, required that a certain number of cars should be at the station, near Falmouth,
at the proper hour; that a certain number of wounded should be made ready at this station, and prepare to leave at a fixed
time; and that boats, properly fitted up, should be ready at Aquia Creek, on which they could at once be placed, and taken to
Washington and elsewhere. With the assistance which Colonel R. Ingalls always readily afforded, this was done. While the
battle was in progress, and after it was over, nearly one thousand, no one of whom was seriously injured, and some of whom
were not injured at all, jumped on the cars at the station referred to, and climbed on top of them and went to Aquia Creek,
where no provision had been made for the care of the wounded. Strict orders had, at my request, been given to the guard at
this station to permit no one to get on the cars, but this guard, unfortunately, was utterly worthless, and allowed these men to
go as fast as steam could carry them out of the reach of the hospitals, which these men well knew, had been prepared for their
accommodation, and went to Aquia Creek, Avhere they necessarily created confusion, which I foresaw would, of course, ensue.
It was to avoid this that I desired the guards to be instructed to allow none to go to that point. Such men are those who, in all
battles, run to the rear, beyond even the sound of the guns of the enemy, and raise the cry of inhumanity and want of attention
on the part of surgeons, whom they sedulously avoid, lest it be found that their wounds do not prevent their returning to duty.
It is almost invariably found that those men who bear the burden and heat of the day; those also, who, when slightly wounded,
are eager to have their wounds dressed, that they may return to the battle again; those, too, whose wounds are grave, do not
complain of any want of care. On the contrary, expressions of thankfulness often escape from their lips for the attention
bestowed upon them. But those cowardly stragglers, who, upon the slightest bruise, run away out of the observation of the
104 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ANTIETAM CAMPAIGN.
surgeons, raise this crv, which many are prone to echo. The slightly wounded were first sent away. In the cars provided for
them, hav or straw was placed, surgeons and attendants, with instruments, stimulants, and dressings sufficient for ordinary and
extraordinary emergencies, were with every train, and upon their arrival at Aqtiia Creek, were placed on the transports, and
when the surgeons and attendants on board these vessels were not able to attend to them properly on account of their numbers,
their surgeons and attendants accompanied them to their destination. It was not my intention to send away the very serious
cases, such as amputations, and wounds of the head, chest, and abdomen, but to pursue the same course that was taken after
the battle of Antietam in similar cases. I represented the matter to General Hurnside, and informed him that these patients
were as comfortable and as well taken care of as if they were then in Washington; that it was dangerous to remove them, as
they must be more or less injured, no matter how carefully transported; and that the surgeons were taking the deepest interest
in these cases. I added that, unless there was some military reason for removing these men, I wished to keep them where they
were, such a course being, in my opinion, the best that could be pursued to give these sufferers every opportunity for their
recovery. I suppose this military reason did exist, as I then received an order to remove them. In the removal of these cases,
plenty of hay was put in the cars. Mattresses and beds and bedsacks filled with hay were used for them to lie upon, and in
all the cases requiring it, the patients were not removed from the mattresses and beds upon which they were lying in the
hospitals, but were carried upo:i them, placed on stretchers by the attendants, and put upon the cars, whence they were
removed in the same way from the cars to the transports, remaining undisturbed upon their beds from the time they left the
hospitals until they reached Washington. In each car was a surgeon and an attendant, provided with everything necessary in
case any accident should happen by the way. Surgeons and attendants, whenever they were needed, accompanied them through
to Washington. Every care was thus taken of these men, who often expressed their gratitude to the medical officers for the
kindness bestowed upon them, and who very generally spoke with heartfelt satisfaction of the efforts made to render their
transportation comfortable. I say, without fear of contradiction, that seldom, if ever, have wounded been so carefully trans
ported, and felt assured that no more suffering was occasioned than the severity of the wounds, of necessity, entailed.
I regret again to be called upon to announce the death of a medical officer by the hand of the enemy, whilst in the
discharge of his duty. Surgeon S. F. Haven, 15th Massachusetts Volunteers, while proceeding on the 13th of December with
his regiment to meet the enemy, received, in the left popliteal space, a wound from a shell, from the shock of which he never
rallied. This officer was highly esteemed, and his loss to his regiment and to the service was deeply deplored.
It is not an uncommon belief that medical officers are seldom exposed to the fire of the enemy. My observation and
experience since I have been connected with this army, especially, has shown me that they are almost as much exposed as
officers of the "line. Some, I have informed you, have fallen in the discharge of their duties; and I am fully justified in saying
that in no department has greater devotion or more courage been shown than by the medical officers in the battles which have
been spoken of in this report.
In concluding this general report, I may be permitted to allude t*> the support and confidence which I have received
from you in the discharge of the duties of a position difficult, under the most favorable circumstances, to fill satisfactory.
I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
(Signed) JONA. LETTERMAN,
Medical Director.
SURGEON GKNKUAL U. S. A., Washington, D. C."
LXXXUI. Second Extract from Memoranda for the Surgical History of the War. By
Assistant Surgeon B. HOWARD, U. S. Army.
"The battle of South Mountain commenced at about three in the afternoon, and lasted till half-pas', nine at
night. The wounded were removed promptly, as they fell, to houses in the vicinity and to Middletown, and all were removed
before daylight the following morning. Nothing was lacking for the wounded. After the churches at Middletown became
crowded with wounded, the surplus were sent to Frederick in ambulances. * * On our arrival at Keedysville, another battle
was evidently imminent. By order of the medical director, I examined and selected the buildings in town best adapted for
hospitals, supervised the necessary preparations, and placed surgeons in charge of the respective hospitals. Surgeon James
L. Farley, 84th New York Volunteers, was instructed to act as surgeon in chief of all the hospitals. Two hundred additional
ambulances, which I had conducted from Middletown during the night, were in readiness near general headquarters. Hospital
tents were entirely wanting. There were on hand no reserve supplies of medicine and hospital stores. Each command had to
rely on what they brought with them in their forced marches. Some raw regiments had been hurried forward without medical
supplies, and the remainder had, as a rule, an unusually small amount on hand. On September 17th, I was the only remaining
medical officer on duty with the director. Surgeon Letterman, the rest of his assistants having been detached to Middletown,
Crampton's Gap, and elsewhere, and, according to his instructions. I visited the centre and right of our position, and made the
best arrangements I could for the distribution of the wounded. I found several commodious farm-houses, a large barn, and
good water at convenient distances, and a large flour mill also, and directed that they should be occupied. * * The wounded
were numerous, and it was necessary to lay many of them in the yards contiguous to the houses, that they might be supplied
with food from their kitchens, and have their wounds dressed in the open air. * * A few days after the battle, many of the
wounded were collected and sent to Frederick in ambulances. Trains continued to transport them until all who could be
safely removed were disposed of. The remainder were subsequently collected at Smoketown in a single hospital, as soon as
the hospital tents arrived. This hospital under canvas was the most perfect field hospital which I had seen up to that period.
It was under the charge of Surgeon U. A. Vanderkieft, U. S. V. Medical supplies, limited in quantity, Avere received Iron
' redenck, and a medical purveying depot was established at Sharpsburg under my superintendence. *" * From the 18th to
the 30th of September, the days were very warm ; but there usually came a dense and cold fog, which lasted till about nine o'clock
REPORTS OF ASSISTANT SURGEONS HOWARD, REILY, AND GRAY. 105
the next morning, the fog had a very disagreeable odor, as if impregnated with exhalations from dend bodies on the battlefield.
As after most engagements, many of the wounded were destitute of blankets, and it was impracticable to provide them with shelter.
Tliis may serve to explain the prevalence of diarrhoea which was greatest about September 24th. Unfortunately, the purveyor
was unable to supply the astringents required. ' ; I suspected that this diarrhoea had a specific intermittent character, and
recommended the use of quinia, combined with Dover's powder, as a substitute for astringents, and this medication had great
success. The wounded Confederate prisoners, who were in hospital near Sharpsburg, were generally in an asthenic condition.
Tetanus was observed almost exclusively among them, and was seen chiefly amongst those who had marched, before the battle,
not less than thirty miles in twenty-four hours. The exposure to which they were subjected during the hot days and cold
nights, in which the enemy were effecting their retreat, appeared to have strongly predisposed them to this disease. ' * The
Fifth Corps crossed into Virginia at Harper's Ferry, and, on November 2d, its second division occupied Snicker's Gap, and
was positioned so as to protect the road. On the following day, this division advanced four miles beyond the Gap, and a brisk
skirmish ensued, in which about thirty were wounded. They were carried on stretchers to the vicinity of the camp, and all
necessary operations were performed the same night. Next morning they were carried to a church two miles in the rear, and
on November 7th, they were taken iu ambulances to White Plains, and thence by railroad to Washington." *
LXXXIY. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the, Medical Staff. By
Assistant Surgeon JOHN T. REILY, U. S. Arm}7.
"About five miles from Sharpsburg, the enemy appeared on the road leading over the mountain, at a point
called Crampton's Gap or Pass. The troops of General Franklin were formed in line of battle, and advanced, driving the
enemy before them, taking one piece of artillery, and killing or wounding about two hundred men. The batteries to which I
was attached were not engaged, and lost no men. Our infantry, however, lost about one hundred men in killed and wounded.
Hospitals were immediately established in Burketsville, and the wounded were properly cared for. The command remained
on the field during the next twenty-four hours, and, on the morning of the 17th September, was ordered at daylight to move to
the right, in the direction of Shaq>sburg, where heavy firing was heard. When within a few miles of that place, we learned
that the battle of Antietam had commenced. General Franklin's corps was ordered across the stream, and put in position on
the extreme right of the line. Having crossed Antietam creek, a small stream about twenty feet wide, we ascended a steep
hill, in front of which was a plain. On the edge of this hill, our line of battle was formed. Our artillery immediately
commenced firing. The infantry of the corps was brought forward, and the command occupied the ground just abandoned by
General Simmer's corps. The field was literally covered with killed and wounded, and it was extremely difficult to move
on horseback without injuring the wounded. The great confusion which had prevailed whilst getting the troops into position,
and relieving those which had held the ground, prevented the removal of the wounded, and they were consequently under
fire several hours. Surgeon W. J. H. White was killed early in the action, and much delay consequently occurred in getting
the ambulances and litters engaged so as to work with any system. The wounded were nearly all moved to field hospitals
by nightfall. The night was occupied in dressing wounds, arresting haemorrhage, and preparing for operations. On the
following morning, firing commenced early, and I rejoined the artillery reserve, and remained until a flag of truce was raised
in the afternoon, when I assisted in removing the wounded who had fallen between the two armies. The truce was granted
ostensibly for the purpose of removing the wounded and burying the dead, but the enemy took advantage of it to retreat,
leaving his killed and wounded on the field without surgeons, or any assistance whatever. They were carefully removed,
however, as soon as the field was explored on the following morning, and received the same attention as our own men, who
lay side by side with them in the hospitals. Having received orders to convey the wounded of the corps to Frederick, as
soon as practicable, I started, a few days after the battle, witli two trains of fifty ambulances, and removed them to Frederick
without accident. When I arrived there, the medical director ordered me to take charge of a railroad train filled with wounded,
going to Philadelphia the following morning. This duty completed, I rejoined the artillery reserve, and moved with it to
Virginia. The health of the troops had improved during their stay in Maryland, and they went back to Virginia in good
condition "
LXXXV. Second Extract from a Report of Services. By Assistant Surgeon C. C. GRAY, U.
S. Army.
* * * "I arrived at Sharpsburg, Maryland, September 19, 1862, and was assigned by Medical Director Letterman
to the charge of a hospital in Keedysville, and, a few days afterward, the army having advanced, was made a sort of issuing
commissary for the wounded in and about Keedysville. My instructions were to hire transportation from the citizens, and to
draw and deliver all rations, preventing the use of ambulances for this purpose. The cattle furnished me being of poor quality,
I exchanged a considerable portion of the meat with citizens, receiving therefor milk, eggs, vegetables, etc. At the time of my
arrival at this battlefield, I consider that the wounded were as well cared for as it was possible they could be. Abundance
of supplies soon poured in from a variety of sources. Of the strength of the army at the time of action, I know nothing.
Medical and hospital stores were plentiful. The wounded were attended to at sundry points, varying from half a mile to two
miles from the field. They were not exposed to rain ; the nights, however, were chilly, and there was considerable suffering
on this account. The wounded were mostly removed in ambulances. Almost all the wounds 1 saw were from conoidal halls,
and a large number, I should suppose, received at short range. So many oi the wounded as were deemed capable of hearing an
ambulance transportation of eighteen miles, were sent to Frederick, Maryland. The remainder, especially such us had undergone
cupital operations, were collected in two permanent field hospitals, where it was contemplated to afford every advantage of our
14
106 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ANTIETAM CAMPAIGN.
best general hospitals. It appears to me that this arrangement was wise, and must have saved lives. Amputations were the
rule, and in general promised well. I saw but two or three excisions. There were, however, a considerable number of tetanus
cases. All under my observation resulted in death. Chloroform was the anaesthetic generally used. I observed no bad results
therefrom. I operated but twice: first, an amputation of the leg at the point of election, which was successful; second,
laryngotomy for oedema glottidis, Avhich was unsuccessful. The larynx and trachea in the latter case were sent to the Army
Medical Museum."
LXXXVI. Second Extract from a Narrative of his /Services in the Medical Staff. By Surgeon
C. F. II. CAMPBELL, U. S. Volunteers.
* * * "Nothing worthy of note marked the period from the 1st to the 14th of September, between which dates
we had fallen back on the defences of Washington, and marched through Maryland to South Mountain, beyond Middletown,
where we encountered Lee's army in force, drawn up on a long range of hills, completely commanding every approach to his
position. This battle commenced with artillery at long range, every approach to their position being thoroughly swept by the
rebel artillery. The casualties were numerous from this arm at the part of the field where I was engaged, viz., the extreme
right. Such of the wounded as could not at once be transported to the rear were attended on the field. No operation of
importance took place at this time or place which the writer witnessed. Numerous temporary hospitals were established at
eligible points in the vicinity of the field; but the majority of the wounded were taken to Middletown, some three or four miles
to the rear, where all the churches and many private buildings had been converted into hospitals. The transportation was not
such as might have been desired. It was, however, good considering the circumstances. The supplies of food and soups in
the immediate vicinity of the field were scanty, but most abundant supplies were obtained in Middletown, where the kindness
and devotion of the inhabitants were most touching, and worthy of lasting and honorable record. I was engaged in the line
of duty in this town during the 15th and part of the IGth. The carnage was fearful among the rebel troops on the
right, the only portion of the field the writer witnessed; whilst our casualties consisted mainly in wounded, the majority of
whom were shot in the lower extremities, or from the waist down : the reverse being the case among the rebel wounded. I
would here pay a well-merited tribute to the indefatigable zeal and ability of Surgeon Lettermaii of the Army, Medical
Director of the forces, whose arrangements for the wounded were astonishingly systematized and perfected, considering the
magnitude of the field. The wounded from this greatest battle of modem times were scattered in buildings everywhere
contiguous to the field. The principal hospitals, however, were established at Boonsboro', Middletown, Hagerstown, Smoketown,
Keedysville, Sharpsburg, Knoxville, and Harper's Ferry. I was on duty at Keedysville, a few miles removed from the field,
for two days, engaged in perfecting arrangements for the reception of the wounded, and superintending the reception and
distribution of supplies. My health failing me after nearly three months constant excitement and fatigue, produced by active
operations in the field, I was relieved by special orders from headquarters, and assigned to duty in Frederick, Maryland, as
medical director of transportation of sick and wounded. Whilst on this duty, I superintended the reception of all cases
arriving from the above hospitals, their distribution to the Frederick hospitals, and their transportation by rail to the large
cities. During the period of my service at this post, I sent six thousand three hundred and sixty-two wounded and sick
soldiers to Washington, Baltimore, and Philadelphia. Of this number, three thousand three hundred and twenty-nine were
sent to Washington, D. C., one thousand three hundred and fifty-six to Baltimore, Maryland, and one thousand six hundred
and seventy-seven to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. These men were transported in the ordinary freight cars, except in one or
two rare instances, the bottoms of the cars being covered with straw or hay, care being taken to prevent over-crowding, and to
classify the cases as much as possible. I have yet to learn that any evil consequences resulted, in any one instance, to the
men from being thus transported. My other duties at Frederick were divided between attendance on sick and vfouuded officers,
of whom I attended seventy-two, and the duties of the office of the medical director."
L'XXXVIL Third Extract from a Report of his Services. By Assistant Surgeon PHILIP C.
DAVIS, U. S. Army.
"September 4, 1862, we took up our line of march for Maryland. Nothing of interest occurred until
September 14th — the battle at 'Crampton Pass,' South Mountain. Our batteries were not engaged, except to shell the woods.
I was therefore ordered by the medical director to have the wounded of other corps removed from the field to the houses and
barns which had been designated by him for the purpose. This occupied all night. On the morning of the 15th, the command
moved forward, and I rejoined my brigade. I arrived on the field of Antietam about three o'clock P. M., September 17th, with
my brigade, and we soon became hotly engaged with the enemy. This lasted until night-fall, when the firing ceased; the
enemy using musketry and artillery with a good deal of effect upon our column, which lost heavily. My men were exposed
principally to the fire from the enemy's batteries, which was solid shot, case-shot, and shell. Our loss in the batteries was fiv*
killed and about fifteen wounded. The wounded were dressed on the field, but two requiring amputation, which was performed,
and patients sent to the iield hospital. On the morning of the 19th, the enemy fell back across the Potomac, and we pushed
forward and went into camp near the village of Bakersville, Maryland, where we remained until November 13th. At this camp
four men died; two from typhoid fever, two from dysentery. General Slocum was relieved, and General Brooks assumed the
command. November 1st, we marched to Berlin, on the Potomac river, and crossing into Virginia, proceeded to Warrenton,
and went into camp."
REPORTS OF SURGEONS PEABODY, WOODIIULL, AND INGRAM. 107
LX XXVIII. Extracts from a Narrative, of Ids Services. By JAMES II. PEABODY, Assistant
Surgeon II. S. Volunteers.
"I remained on duty at Carver hospital, Washington, D. C., until the night of September 17, 1802, when,
with some sixty or seventy others, I was ordered to report to Medical Director Letterman, Army of the Potomac, for temporary
duty in the field. The party took a special train, and after travelling all night arrived at the Monocacy on the following
morning. The bridge across this stream Laving been destroyed by the rebels in their retreat, the greater portion of our party
were detained nearly all day, awaiting a conveyance to Rohrersville, the point of our destination, some twenty miles farther on.
Assistant Surgeons Russel and Phillips, U. S. A., together with myself, separated from the main party early in the morning and
made our way toward Rohrersville. We were, however, detained in Frederick City by order cf the Medical Director, and
immediately set to work in the care of the wounded, who were by this time arriving by the thousand. The greater number of
medical officers having been sent on toward the field, the work for those left in Frederick was almost incessant for a few days.
I was temporarily in charge of the United States Hotel hospital, afterward part of Hospital No. 2, and continued in charge six
or eight days, when I was relieved by Assistant Surgeon J. B. Brinton, U. S. A. I continued on duty in Hospital No. 2, until
ordered to report to Assistant Surgeon General R. C. Wood, St. Louis, Missouri, which order I received on the 9th day of
January, 1863. * After the battle of Antietam, most of the wounded were hurried on to Frederick, and from thence,
those but slightly wounded, after being allowed a night's rest, were transferred to Washington and Baltimore. The hospitals
in Frederick were densely crowded after the battle, and every available building used for hospital purposes. Some of these
buildings were but poorly ventilated and ill adapted for this purpose; they were given up as speedily as possible. For the first
five or six days, owing to crowding, it was almost impossible to keep the sick and wounded supplied with food and other
necessities. * The greatest inconvenience to which the wounded were exposed was in consequence of our not having an
adequate number of beds to accommodate the thousands who were pouring in ; and those but slightly wounded had to lie on
the floor or ground, as they preferred, until the day after their arrival, when they would be transferred to Washington or
Baltimore. I have counted as high as twelve hundred thus transferred in one train of cars. This crowding onlv continued
for a fi'W days, after which we had ample supplies and accommodations for those left. Thousands of those wounded in the
upper extremities at the battle of Antietam walked in to Frederick City, some eighteen or twenty miles, all the ambulances
being constantly busy in the removal of the more severely wounded."
LXXXIX. Second Extract from a Personal Contribution to the Medical and Surgical History
of the Rebellion. By Assistant Surgeon A. A. WOODIIULL, U. S. Array.
* * "The 2(1 and 10th Infantry were a portion of the force operating in our centre at the battle of Antietam,
Maryland. They engaged, two hundred and twenty-five strong, on the 17th of September. I was on duty near the field. The
wounded were brought on stretchers to me, and ambulances carried them a couple of miles to the field hospital. The fire was
case-shot and musketry, at moderate range. A few primary operations under chloroform, but none of serious character, were
performed before the above-mentioned hospital was reached. The casualties numbered eighty-five, or twenty-one per centum.
September 20th, the brigade engaged in a skirmish, following a reconnoissance, near Shepherdstown, Virginia. The wounded
were brought over the river and sent to the Antietam hospitals. I assisted in a primary operation at the upper third of the
thigh for severe compound fracture from a minic ball. Death resulted next day. While lying in camp near Sharpsburg, the
7th Infantry joined the brigade and was assigned to my care. The division took possession of Snickers' Gap, in the Blue
Ridge, during the march into Virginia early in November. The next day, the 6th and 7th Infantry engaged with the 14th
Infantry in a reconnoissance to the Shenandoah. A sharp skirmish resulted, witli a number of casualties. The wounded were
removed to Sniekersville."
X(J. Third Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant
Surgeon ALEXANDER INGRAM, U. S. Army.
* * " On the 14th of September, the army came up with a large force of the enemy posted in the passes of South
Mountain, where a determined stand was made. The most desperate fighting was on the right and left of the turnpike from
Frederick to Hagerstown, where it crosses South Mountain. At this point, the troops were exposed to musketry at short range
for four or five hours, while making their way up the mountain sides. The battle continued until after dark, when the enemy
was driven from the passes. On the following morning, the army advanced, and came up with the enemy, stronglv posted
on the heights of Sharpsburg. On the morning of the 17th, the fight opened furiously, the artillery and musketry fire being
incessant until dark, when our forces held the field along the greater extent of the line, the enemy still, however, maintaining
a desperate resistance. On the succeeding day, the forces on both sides were too much exhausted to renew the battle, and
during the night the enemy fell back across the Potomac. My experience during these engagements having been more that of
a dragoon, either in the saddle or standing to horse, than of a medical officer, can be of no value. On the 16th of October, the
command to which I was attached, together with the 1st and 6th United States Cavalry, and a section of a battery of the 4th
Artillery, formed the advance in the reconnoissance in force to Charlestown, Virginia, under command of General Hancock. A
battery, supported by cavalry on the enemy's side, resisted for about two hours the advance; it was, however, dislodged and
the enemy driven from Charlestown, our cavalry driving their mounted pickets on the road to Bunker Hill about five miles.
There was one man killed and about twelve wounded on our side. The wounded were dressed, necessary operations heiiiif
performed on the Held, and sent hack to Harper's Ferry in ambulances. About (lie first of November, we crossed the Potomac
at Merlin and marched to Warrenton, when General McClellau having been relieved, General liuniside assumed commando!
the artnv. From \\ arreiiton \\e marched to Falmouth."
108 APPENDED DOCUMENTS— SECOND BULL KUN.
XCI. Extract from a Report on the Medical History of the 103d New York Volunteers. By
A. STEINACH, Assistant Surgeon 103d N. Y. Volunteers.
* * * a jj]e re<riment was again drawn up in line of battle on the northern side of the Antietam creek. We went into
action one hundred and eighty-seven strong, and lost eighteen killed, seventy-five wounded, and twenty-seven prisoners and
missin"-. * * During the battle at South Mountain and Antietam, some amputations of the thigh and leg were performed on
the field • but the result was very unfavorable. I cannot remember a single case in which such an operation was successful.
In other cases, the operations were performed in buildings prepared for temporary field hospitals. In general, the amputations
of an arm or leg were successful, while the thigh cases, with a very few exceptions, were fatal."
XCII. Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Army of Virginia. By
THOMAS A. MoPARLiN, Surgeon U. S. A., Medical Director.
GENERAL HOSPITAL, ANNAPOLIS, MARYLAND, May 2, 1863.
GENERAL: In narrating the chief movements and principal medical events of interest in the army of Virginia while under
my medical direction, I will premise that it will be brief, drawn from imperfect records I have at hand, and observations made,
often under trying circumstances, over a wider field than the powers of one person can review or portray. With an army
moving steadily engaged with an enemy of greater lorce, retreating and battling from successive lines of defence, receiving
reinforcements of men so hurriedly as to be unaccompanied by supplies or material of war, those on hand limited and unre-
newed it will be seen that through many days of severe conflict the medical force of the army would be indeed tasked with
active and unremitting duties. Hence the paucity of reports from men whose paramount cares were fully exercised in collecting
and transporting wounded, securing the supply and preparation of food, water, bedding, shelter, and nurses; in devoting time
for deliberate judgment on grave cases presented for decision, action and care, a charge that is not fulfilled while one remains
to be sent awav by ambulance or car, or while those whose injuries forbid removal are unsupplied with medical attendance and
food. While history thus draws but meagre details from such a field of inquiry, let those of our times at least know that time
and energies thus pre-occupied and_ diverted were more nobly devoted in attending to the necessities of suffering men. If
attention, energy, and skill are fully called forth to discharge duties to the wounded of an army, under ordinary circumstances,
they are still more severely tested in a retreat, when food, transportation, assistance, and supplies are leaving those who are
helpless, maimed, despondent, who need them most, and are moved, if at all, but slowly, and with pain and danger.
It is now known that the army of the Potomac was to be withdrawn from the James river; the armies and corps then
scattered, if possible united for a vigorous and stronger advance. A General-in-Chief was selected, and called upon to accom
plish this difficult task. The President, in June, directed that the corps of Generals Fremont, Banks, and McDowell should be
united, and the command assigned to General Pope. These were designated First, Second, and Third Army Corps. The corps
of the reserve around Alexandria and in the defer ces of Washington was added to this command, and, at some time later, the
small force occupying the district of the Kanawha. From the records before me. I estimate this force as follows : First Corps,
twenty-seven regiments, six batteries, and six cavalry companies ; Second Corps, thirty regiments; Third Corps, thirty-three
regiments. This is an over-estimate of the strength of the army of Virginia, as regiments were scattered and detached, dimin
ishing its effective force against the enemy. On the 30th of June, 1862, I was assigned as Medical Director of the army of
Virginia, and entered upon duty a few days thereafter. The position of the army was as follows: The First and Second Corps
were posted from Winchester to Middletown, Virginia. The Third Coi'ps on the Rappahannock near Fredericksburg, part at
Manassas Junction and Catlett's station, on the Orange and Alexandria railroad. I invited, by circular, information from
medical directors of corps as to their condition, so as to secure them full supplies as rapidly as possible. Two inspectors
general were sent to ascertain and report on the military supplies and condition of the corps. From the many rapid and forced
movements for months previous, the First and Second Corps were greatly deficient in all kinds of medical and hospital supplies
and means of transportation. Reports were irregular and unfrequent, and other evils were observed consequent upon harassing
and fruitless service. For weeks I was occupied in ascertaining and directing by telegraph where supplies were to be sent ;
when and where sent for. Many consignments, put up months before and sent by railroad, had not been received. I felt it most
important to have these deficiencies corrected by approving requisitions, and ordering for immediate issue and dispatch what
ever was needed to supply regiments, brigades, divisions, and corps with the following necessary articles: To regiments, field
supplies of medicines, instruments, dressings, hospital stores, cooking utensils, two or three hospital tents, according to numerical
strength of each regiment, and four four-wheeled two-horse ambulances. The chief quartermaster authorized, at my instance,
the allowance of three wagons to transport the tents and medical property of each regiment. The following was the schedule
of transport service as I found it in the Third Corps : To headquarters of the corps, one four-wheeled four-horse ambulance
and one transport cart. To headquarters of each division, two four-wheeled four-horse ambulances and one transport cart.
To headquarters of each brigade, one four-wheeled two-horse ambulance and one transport cart. To each regiment, one
four-wheeled four-horse ambulance, two four-wheeled two-horse ambulances, and one transport cart. To batteries of artillery,
one four-wheeled two-horse ambulance, and, when brigaded, one transport cart. The whole number of ambulances and carts on
hand in the Third Corps was forty-one. The number of ambulances and cai-ts to be supplied, one hundred and twenty-nine.
As the reports showed the Third Army Corps to be best supplied, the deficiencies of the other corps may be imagined. The
transport carts are useless in the ambulance department of an army, especially in a mountainous country. They kill numbers
of horses, are slow at the best, and, if used for any purpose except conveying instruments and dressings, will probably have to
be abandoned on the road. The four-wheeled four-horse ambulance is heavy, difficult to turn, and easily upset, while four horses
have to be foraged and attended to. They do not provide the accommodation and facilities of two four-wheeled two-horse
ambulances. If an accident happen in one case, four horses are useless, while the same in the other case would leave two horses
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR McPARLIN. 109
and one vehicle serviceable. A large number of ambulances were ordered by the quartermaster's department in Philadelphin and
Wheeling, to supply the army of Virginia. They were all, at my request, of one kind only: two-horse four-wheeled ambulances,
to be made of seasoned timber, with wide-set tires and strong wheels, heavily ironed, to obviate known defects. These were
received on approved requisitions as rapidly as they could be manufactured, and sent to depots or headquarters. Three hundred
hospital tents were placed in depot at Alexandria and two hundred at Warrenton, for issue to regiments or use in general
hospital encampments. Before the First Corps (Sigel's) moved from Middletown, its medical purveyor required supplies, in
part, for thirteen thousand men. Many articles were needed for immediate use. They were put up in Alexandria and for
warded by railroad, and, when the corps moved down, met the troops near Warrenton. I found it advisable, July 5>lst, to break
up the purveying depot at Frederick. Maryland. Troops then were moving south and west. I therefore moved the supplies to
Alexandria, and made that the more important source of supply to the army of Virginia by means of the Orange and Alexan
dria railroad. Supplies were ordered to be kept there capable of supplying twenty thousand men. It was intimated to me by
the Surgeon General that movable field purveying depots for separate corps would not be judicious, from the increased risks of
loss of supplies, and that one depot could be organized for the army of Virginia at Alexandria. So great was the need of
immediate supplies for the First Corps (General Sigel's), that the First Coips purveyor's requisition was approved, in the expecta
tion that the stores would be immediately issued to regiments then concentrated, and before they commenced moving towards
Gordonsville. This object was fully accomplished. No other purveyor's depots for corps were organized. I soon found,
however, that a small movable depot would be necessary to furnish battle-field supplies, such as stimulants and anaesthetics,
concentrated nourishment, cooking utensils, articles for temporary hospital service, instruments, dressings, blankets, bedding, and
hospital tents ; this movable depot to be kept in the rear, secure, but easily and speedily accessible, to meet the requirements and
exigences attendant upon a battle. The troops were, during the month of July, supplied with every authorized article of medical
and surgical necessity, field transport and field hospital accommodation, for which requisitions were sent, and to the utmost
extent possible in that period. The line of the Orange and Alexandria railroad made our communication easy and speedy with
Alexandria, where supplies were placed. I proposed to use the railroad for transportation of wounded from depots near the field
to hospitals in Alexandria, or, if necessary, to Washington and Georgetown. It was impossible to hazard locating, and there was
no time for organizing, large depot hospitals nearer to the scene of expected hostilities than Alexandria. I had entertained the
hope of locating a large establishment at the Sulphur Springs, near Warrenton, Fauquier county, Virginia, the hotel and
buildings there being well adapted for it. The commanding general would not approve of a guard for its protection, and its
distance from the railroad made it too dangerous a site for the sick and wounded, in case of any reverse or retreat on our line.
I had to content myself with establishing a temporary set of hospitals in and near the town of Warrenton, to which a branch
railroad extended, seven miles from the Orange and Alexandria railroad. This was ultimately abandoned, and the sick and means
of accommodation moved to Falls Church and Alexandria, Warrenton itself being unsafe, and the depots of other departments
broken up, A large general hospital encampment there would have been a great sanitarium for the army. Its high, airy,
healthful situation, invigorated many of our feeble and sick soldiers. It was with much regret I ordered its discontinuance.
A reference to the object of this campaign is necessary to an understanding of our position, and the effect upon bureau
administration in all its departments. As the army of the Potomac was to be moved from the James river towards Alexandria,
the army of Virginia had the difficult duty of drawing from Richmond such attention and force to meet its approach towards,
Gordonsville, as would facilitate the removal of the army from James river. The army of Virginia was to embarrass, delay, hold
in check, whatever large army should suddenly be advanced upon the approaches to Washington. The interval between General
McClellan's withdrawal from James river and arrival before Washington in proper force, organization, and effective equipment,
was the golden opportunity for attacking Washington, and separating more widely for defeat the armies of the Potomac and of
Virginia. Rapid forays in the direction of Richmond, destroying roads, bridges, and telegraphs as far down as possible, with
slow retreat and obstinate resistance to the enemy advancing in force, were the duties devolving upon the army of Virginia.
To the administrative staff departments thus but one depot proper or practicable was left, viz., at Alexandria. Otherwise, an
immense amount of material, supplies, and protective guards would fall into the possession of the enemy. In July, the general
hospitals of the First and Second Corps, then in the Shenandoah valley, were located at Harper's Ferry, Hagerstown,
Winchester, and Frederick. Those of the Third Corps at Fredericksburg, on the line to Alexandria. The hospitals in the
Shenandoah valley were broken up when the army moved down to Sperryville, and those at Fredericksburg when the
Third Corps moved to Warrenton. These corps were in position at those places about the lUth of July. From the number
of hospital tents, and amount of transportation authorized, I hoped that the ordinary sick cases could be well cared for with
their regiments. Those very sick had been sent to hospitals in Frederick and Alexandria before any movement was made.
The corps were also moving in a healthy country. The regimental reports showed them in good condition, with the exception
of the 60th New York regiment of infantry, in the Second Corps, which had a great number sick from typhoid fever. Tin-
First Corps (Sigel's) moved about July 9th towards Sperryville. The Second Corps (Banks's) also moved soon after out of
the Shenandoah valley in the same direction. The new position occupied, with others soon to be taken, was considered fully
protective of that valley after the troops were removed. The Third Corps (McDowell's), leaving King's division at Falmouth,
moved up to position at Warrenton before the 18th of July. On the 22d of July, troops moving left their sick. I found it
necessary to move them to Warrenton, and send sick from there to Alexandria. Medical Director D. L. Magruder, U. S. A.,
took charge of the temporary hospitals and organized them, and other medical officers were rapidly sent forward to assist
in the duties. The buildings in the town were soon put into condition to receive the sick, and two hundred hospital tents
set up. Here numbers were received and convalesced rapidly. The hospitals were in use until August 4th, when I ordered
the tents to Falls Church and Alexandria, on account of the insecurity of sick and stores at Warrenton. Falls Church
hospital, which had been placed at my disposal by the Surgeon General, was distant a few miles from Alexandria. At a later
season of the year, it would have been an unhealthy and inconvenient position. The hospitals in Alexandria, where I had
authority to send sick, were filled late in July ; at a later period, I requested the Surgeon General to move the sick then there to
Washington, that they might receive sick and wounded from our army, without mingling them with those of the army of the
APPENDED DOCUMENTS SECOND BULL KUN.
Potomac. This request was complied with. Before the troops moved from the Shenandoah, while in preparation for march, not
a few malingerers and convalescents, for want of proper medical inspection, were sent from the army to Harper's Ferry
and Baltimore. Prompt attention was called to this neglect of duty on the part of medical officers, and officers were sent to
brimr back to Warrenton the able-bodied absentees. I will here add, however, that, with every care and fulfilment of duty by
medical officers, vagrant soldiers will collect about every depot for reception of wounded and sick men, as occurred at Culpepper
and Bealeton station. In the absence of a military force, and in defiance of the efforts of the medical and transport depart
ments these skulkers intermingle with the sick, or mount the roofs of cars, especially in retreat, and go off. Unless there is a
cordial co-operation on the part of the railroad agents with the medical officers, it has happened that, upon cars being changed at
a station, the roof passengers speedily obtain comfortable places, while the wounded, being moved slowly, with difficulty find
accommodation. After about twenty-five days devoted to organization, equipment, supply, and concentration of the three army
corps the o-eneral headquarters left Washington for Warrenton, arriving on the 29th of July. Several buildings (churches)
in the town, with hospital tents within their enclosures, very neatly arranged, were then receiving sick from the regiments and
corps around Warrenton. In a few days, headquarters were moved to a position with Banks's corps, near Washington, Virginia,
several divisions having been inspected on the way thither. General Ricketts's division of the Third Corps moved from War
renton to the upper Rappahannock, and thence to Culpepper. General Banks's (Second) Corps was soon put in motion for Hazel
creek. We met with General Sigel's Corps first at Sperryville, about the 7th of August. At that time, a cavalry force of
several regiments under General Buford, was at Madison Court House and along the Rapidan river, in observation of the advance
of the enemv. Cavalry regiments of the Third Corps, under General Bayard, were at the time in front from Fredericksburg
towards the Rapidan. As our columns moved towards Culpepper, storehouses were no longer required at Warrenton.
Depots were removed, and as the troops left, I had to order the sick to be removed, with the hospital encampment, to Alexandria.
Warrenton Junction, Manassas, indeed no position, except Alexandria, along the line of the Orange and Alexandria railroad,
was at all suited for a hospital depot — an establishment needing ample supply of water, and proximity at least to quartermaster
and commissary supplies, and troops to furnish labor and protection. As early as the 15th of July, Surgeon Thomas Antisell,
U. S- V., Medical Director of the Second Corps, had expressed to me his hope that the corps might remain some little time in this
"red sand stone region, until the effects of the residence in the limestone strata of the valley passed off— diarrhoea and irritability
of the whole lower bowels, arising from the excessive hardness of the water, and slight impregnation with sul plraret of iron. The
water at Warrenton is soft, which, combined with the abundance of acid wild fruits, have completely checked the complaint."
The medical director of the First Corps (Dr. Rex), on the 12th of July, reports "this country, under ordinary circumstances,
should be healthy, and little or no sickness prevail, but the total absence of seasonable vegetables, and the careless, reckless, and
improvident nature of the volunteer soldier, are made manifest by the dysenteric and other diseases that prevail to some extent."
The health of the troops during the month of July may be generally stated as good. They were moving, and in a fine
country. ' * From the sick sent to Alexandria, I received very favorable accounts. The transfer from Warrenton was
made with comfort and rapidity.
On the 8th day of August, general headquarters were advanced to Culpepper, where General McDowell's Corps and
Crawford's brigade of the Second Corps were in position. Intelligence reached us, and artillery firing in the extreme
front indicated, during the day, the approach of the enemy. Banks's Corps was ordered up from Hazel creek, and Sigel's
from Sperryville to Culpepper. Banks arrived at night, and advanced the next morning in the direction of Cedar Mountain,
seven miles. He found the enemy moving forward, and the cavalry force, Crawford's and Ricketts's commands, contesting
the ground. In the afternoon, a general advance and a severe engagement took place, near Culver's Tavern, which lasted
several hours. General Banks was in command; Sigel's Corps had not arrived. During the evening, and through the
night, the wounded continued to arrive in Culpepper and were temporarily quartered in hotels, churches, etc., receiving such
dressings and surgical attention as was required. As soon as I was aware of the engagement in front, I applied to the chief
quartermaster for a train of cars, which was promptly held in readiness to convey the wounded. I superintended the
reception of the wounded during the greater part of the night at Culpepper, and proceeded to the field at an early hour of
the morning, anticipating a renewal of the battle. A medical officer of rank was dispatched to Culpepper, with authority to
secure transportation, subsistence, and available force, and directed to have the wounded sent at once to hospitals in Alexandria
by railroad. The medical directors of corps sent in also several of the best surgeons for service in the town. The enemy
did not offer battle, though our lines were well forward, and our artillery opened fire early on the morning of the 10th.
Skirmishing was kept up on both wings. The casualties of the past day were large, and every building convertible into shelter
had a full compliment of wounded in and around it. The unemployed ambulances were collected together and dispatched to
remove them to the rear. In this duty, and also in the collection of wounded under flag of truce, Surgeon R. M. S. Jackson
rendered valuable and efficient service. The most important duty on the 10th was to bring the wounded from the extreme front
and the advance depots near the lines (the enemy then threatening both wings), which was done as rapidly as the ambulance
force could effect it. I traversed the length of our lines, inspecting depots and directing the wounded to the rear. Great
numbers were sent in to Culpepper, and so occupied the medical force there that the primary object— sending them rapidly to
Alexandria— was overlooked, and, though the train was waiting, building after building was occupied and filled. Orders were
reiterated by express to have the wounded forwarded by the train. Hours afterward, I ascertained no action had been taken.
Anticipating the difficulty, with the limited means at hand, and knowing the delay incident to getting wounded out of buildings
extemporized into hospitals, I returned to Culpepper, changed the organization, and dispatched the first train of cars with
wounded to Alexandria. Surgeon John II. Ranch, U. S. V., medical director of General Augur's division, was placed on duty
as medical director at Culpeppcr, to receive the wounded and dispatch them by trains as rapidly as they were attended to and
in condition to go forward. Medical officers were sent to report to him. A medical purvevor, with tents and hospital supplies,
was subordinated to him, and authority given to the medical director to call on the medical purveyor in Alexandria for any
articles or supplies he should deem necessary. Kach train of wounded had medical attendance, water, subsistence, straw, and
necessary bedding supplied. I may say here that they left in excellent condition— clean, comfortable, and cheerful — from
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR McPARLIN. Ill
Culpepper and every other depot of wounded throughout the campaign ; and, but for changing cars after their departure, would
have always arrived in excellent condition at Alexandria, which was not distant. I had the reports of Medical Director Ranch,
from time to time as these trains of wounded left, and also frequent reports as to their condition when received in Alexandria.
A number of hospital tents were pitched near the railroad depot, and the medical purveying supplies, in charge of Assistant
Surgeon Barlow, unpacked, so that stimulants, dressings, anesthetics, prepared food, and battle-field supplies might be
ready for issue. The other articles were packed, ready for transportation. At the same time, special articles, such as buckets,
lanterns, mattresses, etc., were sent for, and soon received, with a cargo of ice, by train. Before the medical supplies in charge
of Dr. Barlow were open for issue, and stores from the several corps became accessible, supplies were in great request, and,
as numbers of wounded passed in, continued to be in demand. This was an unavoidable consequence of the military situation.
Our troops merely passed through Culpepper, moving rapidly to the front. There were no hospitals there, and no time to
organize any, nor were there indications for any to be located there. The moment an engagement occurred, however, many
wounded men came back, and, as it was the nearest railroad and supply depot, it became, of necessity, the temporary depot for
them until they were put into the cars. The proper regimental medical supplies were in the wagons or trains of
brigades or corps distant from Culpepper, to be, as is customary in war, out of danger. In putting the trains out of danger,
medical stores were, to a great extent, out of reach. Surgeons did not know, in many cases, where their medical wagons were, and
came empty handed to Culpepper. The purveyor's supplies of the First Corps were an exception. I soon saw that, however
the regiments of an army were supplied with medical stores, the confusion and want of information and tact made it a difficult task
to find store wagons, or to obtain access to and possession of them at the points where they were most needed, and that there must
be a movable purveying general depot, to be kept accessible, and put in position at the depot of wounded as soon as possible
after an engagement. The experience at Culpepper also caused me to add to this purveying depot of battle-field supplies a
proper surgical staff of good operating surgeons and executive men, quick to receive the wounded, to place them in trains for
transportation, or to direct them to remain, for judgment and consultation, at the depot hospital; other assistants, informed
how to procure ready access to subsistence, to have food for hundreds or thousands cooked and issued at once; others
to superintend the forwarding of wounded in the proper manner — to accompany them, if necessary — and especially to observe that
none but proper cases were sent away from the army to hospitals. I was gratified to know, as I soon did, from personal
observation, the value and devotedness of many of the surgeons, and they were afterwards put in position and kept in readiness
to exercise their best powers in faithful services to the wounded. Having affairs at Culpepper so arranged as to promise efficient
service, I returned to the army in front. General Banks's corps was soon ordered to take post near Culpepper, having been
very much cut up by the shock which it had sustained. The medical director, Dr. Antisell, was then in position to inspect
daily every hospital of his corps, and to keep them supplied. The wounded from the field were brought oft', under nag of truce,
on the 11th, and sent to Culpepper and Alexandria. This duty, and, principally, the ambulance service, was directed very
efficiently by Surgeon Jackson, of the 10th Pennsylvania Volunteers. I could not spare the services of an efficient medical
officer for this purpose, and secured, by order, the employment of a civilian to act as superintendent of the transportation of
sick and wounded. He directed the ambulance service to and from Culpepper, under the direction of the medical director,
and, in the field, under my direction. I proposed to have a subordinate, in eacli corps, to take charge of its ambulances in time
of action, through whom the movements could be controlled by corps directors, and who could detach officers for general
service when applied to from general headquarters. I received some time after, from the Surgeon General, the plans for the
organization of an ambulance corps proposed by Dr. Letterman, and submitted it to General Pope, but there was no opportunity
of carrying out any extensive plan of organization when events so crowded upon us.
The enemy under Jackson retired on the llth and 12th. and our lines were advanced beyond the lately contested field,
and occupied a position near Cedar mountain. The casualties of the battle of the 9th and 10th of August were large, but, as I have
no full report from the corps engaged, they can only be estimated. In the Second Corps, which was principally engaged, the
losses were two hundred and eighty killed, one thousand three hundred and forty-six wounded, and two hundred and forty-one
missing. This report underestimates the full number of wounded and missing. The action on the 9th was in the vicinity of
Culver's Tavern. The woods and ground on the right were the scene of the sharpest contest. About six hundred wounded
were received, at the first division hospital under Division Medical Director Chapel's care, that evening and night. The
wounded of the 2d division, having been received from the woods and cornfields in front, were sent very soon to the rear.
Surgeon Ball, 5th Ohio Volunteers, acted as division medical director. His division depot wras not long occupied. The enemy
remained at night in possession of the field. Dr. Chapel and his surgeons were actively employed all night and the next day,
until the ambulances removed the wounded. "The injuries," remarks Medical Director Antisell, "were, in many cases, of
a severe character, involving the abdomen, arms, raid thighs." From an analysis of a list of four hundred and eighty-three
wounded in the action, made at the railroad depot at Culpepper, I find the regions wounded in this proportion: of the head,
twenty; face, nineteen; neck, seven; chest, eleven ; of the upper extremities, two hundred and eight ; lower extremities, one
hundred and eighty-seven; abdomen, three; back and spine, eleven; of the perineum or genitals, two; of the larger joints,
fifteen. From the l()th to the 18th, the wounded and sick were accommodated in Culpepper in the Episcopal, Baptist,
Methodist, and Presbyterian churches, in the Piedmont, Virginia, and Depot hotels, Masonic hall, tobacco factory,
Commerce street hospitals, and the hospital encampment near the railroad. The wounded were frequently sent by train,
certain cases, too dangerous to move, being left behind. Sick were daily sent in from the front. On the 16th, Medical Director
Ranch reports: "I have removed all the wounded that will bear transportation ; so far, have lost none. Sent, also, nixty-one
of the sick. Have just been applied to for ambulances for a portion of Burnside's command. They also need medical
supplies. Have issued what was on hand to whomsoever has applied. The candidates for Alexandria are innumerable."
The troops referred to were those of General Reno, reinforcing us from Fredericksburg with eight thousand men. The ambulances
had now been in constant use for many days ; forage was scarce; the animals were becoming poor and weak; while brigade
commanders and surgeons were anxious to have them return from Culpepper and general service to their commands, to rest and
recruit. Had there been an ambulance corps organization, much, if not all this trouble, would have been averted, the animals
]]_2 APPENDED DOCUMENTS SECOND BULL RUN.
bein"- oared for wherever serving, and a proper number kept in reserve for general service, exclusive of those for brigades and
corps About this period, I received from Alexandria six, out of thirty-three, Autenrieth medical wagon's, filled with supplies,
which I had applied for on the 1st of July. In coming from Culpepper to the field, only seven miles, over a rough road, three
were damaged badly. One of them upset, being top-heavy and narrow, and having no brakes. For these defects, medical
officers declined receiving them, for the reason that they would be unavoidably broken to pieces and abandoned. They were
sent to the quartermaister's depot, and brakes ordered. The brigade surgeon of General Buford's cavalry, then out of supplier
and moving to the front, secured one, gratified to have three months' medical and surgical supplies, with every convenience for field
emergency, packed, and ready with horses and driver. The defects were duly reported, and orders sent to Alexandria to remedy
them in the wagons yet to arrive.
On the 15th of August, our troops were near Cedar mountain, occupying the vantage ground which the enemy had
relinquished. The dust of retreating trains was no longer in view from the height, lately Jackson's headquarters. The
corps of Sigel on the right, McDowell in center, Reno on the left, with cavalry far in advance, guarded the approaches far
bevond Cedar mountain by lines extending many miles. This position was maintained until the 18th, when, the rapid
approach of the enemy under General Lee being manifest, it was determined to make our line of defence on the east side
of the Rappahannock. Immediate steps were taken to remove the sick, and all proper cases among the wounded, with food and
attendance, from Culpeppei', by railroad. In a few hours, one train of cars had left for Alexandria, and others followed during the
nii'ht. Surgeons were detailed to remain with cases it would be fatal to move, and subsistence and medical stores -were left for
them. The purveying stores and tents were packed in six cars, their numbers taken, and, with the purveyor, Dr. Barlow,
Assistant Surgeon Wells, and a hospital steward, they were sent down the road to await orders at Warrenton Junction. All night,
our trains and troops were passing Culpepper. Medical Director Rauch, with several assistants, after every arrangement was
complete, left with the last train before night on the 19th. The running stock of the railroad was, of course, taxed to transport
the wounded, sick, material, and supplies. They went as far as Warrenton Junction. From there, I received accounts that the
wounded had gone most favorably. The railroad cooperated, giving two hours' time to switch off the cars they were in, so as to
avoid moving them to others before going to Alexandria. The medical director reports "one artery tied while in motion." By
night, our army was in position behind the Rappahannock, guarding its fords and bridges, and preserving the same relative position ,
right wing, Sigel's Corps ; next, McDowell's at Rappahannock station; then General Williams, with the Second Corps; left
wing, the corps of General Reno. The general headquarters remained, on the night of the 19th, near Bealeton, the first station
east from Rappahannock. Water wras scarce everywhere, except along the line of the river. The enemy's cavalry advanced
on the morning of the 20th of August, and continued to threaten our troops on the west side, then holding strong and
commanding positions near the railroad bridge. After due examinations and inquiries, I selected Bealeton station as the depot
for wounded and supplies. Medical Director Rauch came up and took charge. Purveyor Barlow, and the cars containing his
supplies, were ordered from Warrenton Junction to Bealeton, to have the cars kept on the side switch of the railroad, and to
issue from them without unloading, except tents and bedding. Surgeons Whitney, Nordquist, Vanderkieft, and other select
officers were sent to report to Director Rauch, for service at the depot at Bealeton. In proceeding from Bealeton to the front, I
took with me, to headquarters, three of the Autenrieth medical wagons. The predictions of other surgeons had been fulfilled.
Two of the original number were absent, broken down on the 18th, riHed and abandoned on the road from Culpepper,
not having been repaired as ordered. I retained one, and issued one to the acting medical director of General Reno's Corps, and
another to the medical director of King's division of the Third Corps. The enemy made demonstrations on the 20th, but were held
in check by artillery in good positions. I took occasion to inspect the ambulance service and the sites for receiving wounded in the
section right and left of our position in centre, and to direct that the wounded, when dressed, should be sent to Bealeton by cars going
frequently thither, or sent by ambulance to the road leading to Bealeton, to be taken on the cars for that place. Surgeon
Rauch was detached from the medical directorship of General Augur's division, then crippled by losses during the action on the
9th, and placed in charge as medical director of the depot of wounded at Bealeton station, or wherever it should be moved.
Surgeons needing battle-field supplies could obtain them by requisition approved and issued at the depot there. A great many
articles of comfort and subsistence for the wounded, including ice, were sent by train from Alexandria. The telegraph was available
for communication to Alexandria or any intermediate station from the Rappahannock. The general headquarters were in the rear
of the centre. Those of the Second Corps were in the same position. Daring the '20th, 21st, and 22d, the enemy attacked us
at various points, to force a passage of the river, and we were constantly engaged at one or more positions. The wounded from
our front and entrenched positions on the west were brought over the bridge, dressed in the field depot, and thence, with other
wounded, sent by empty cars or ambulances to Bealeton station. Houses, at convenient points in rear, were used as field hospitals
by the corps directors and surgeons. To them, litter bearers and ambulances bore the wounded of the corps, and thence to
Bealeton by empty railroad trains from Rappahannock station. The commissary, quartermaster, and ordnance supplies were,
from time to time, received at that point from Beak-ton. The difficulty of striking and packing tents, purveying stores, and other
property into cars, with insufficient force, though the purveying depot was immediately upon the railroad, had so occupied my
time at Culpepper that I determined, as far as possible, to keep supplies packed in cars. Delay might endanger the loss of the
entire amount. I therefore ordered the supplies at Bealeton to be kept in the cars, and had the switch lengthened so as to permit
the cars to remain out of the way of trains. I also telegraphed orders from Rappahannock to Alexandria to have two cars
arranged with shelving and fixtures convenient for making issues, and to fill them with such medicines, instruments, dressings,
stimulants, anaesthetics, prepared food, blankets, water buckets, lanterns, etc., as they would conveniently receive. These
arrangements were promptly carried out by Purveyor Baxter, Quartermaster Ferguson, and the railroad authorities at Alexandria.
They were ready on the 23d. On the 21st, I had a telegram from the quartermaster that the medical wagons, drivers, horses,
etc., all complete, would go by special train on the 22d A. M. They did not come, however: the railroad being occupied in
forwarding reinforcements, medical supplies and ice had, at times, to wait opportunities. Colonel llaupt, Captain Fifield, and
Agent Irish, afforded every facility compatible with the military necessities devolving on the railroad.
There had appeared in the 60th New York Volunteers an endemic typhoid fever. Medical Director Antisell, with bis
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR McPARLIN. 113
surgeons, had investigated the circumstances, and, on recommendation, the entire regiment had been ordered to the Sulphur
Springs, near Warrenton, to recruit. This regiment was raised near Niagara county, New York ; had experienced conditions
not unlike other regiments, yet its men were stricken down sick by hundreds General Banks had issued, August 4th, an
excellent order enforcing sanitary regulations, to correct the causes of this malady. On the '21st, six hundred of this
regiment were sent to Bealeton, and left by railroad for Warrenton. I learned by telegram that patients were coming
in by hundreds at Bealeton, and hospital tents had to be pitched. Military force was asked for, whose services were indicated
by telegrams, as follows: 'Bealeton, 21st August, 10 p. M. Dr. McParliu : Sent two hundred and eleven sick and wounded.
About twenty of these should not have gone, but could not help it. Must have one hundred men detailed here as guard and
to assist. Am much troubled about water, but hope to overcome that difficulty by to-morrow. J. II. Ranch, Medical
Director.' 'Bealeton, 21st. Five hundred sick have been forced in upon me. Had an inspection made to-day, but found it
would not answer. I have been compelled to go over them again. Must have the company. It is impossible for me to
keep them back.' 'Bealeton, August 22d, 12.45 P. M. The enormous number of complaining and sneaking men that come
in here, claiming to be sick, will take all the transportation of the road, and nothing will be left for the wounded. See what
can be done to remedy the evil. B. F. Fih'eld, Captain, &c.' 'Bealeton, August 22d, 11.20 A. M. With each of these
supply trains passing, I see three or four men running away. A cavalry patrol should be here to prevent and arrest
them. J. II. Ranch.' ' Bealeton, August 22d, 10.30 A. M. I have just stopped a train of ambulances that was going to the
rear. Have had much trouble in so doing. If I had the detail of men here, I would have arrested several drivers and one
wagon-master. J. H. Ranch, Medical Director.' On representation of these circumstances, a company was sent to
Bealeton, and did good service there. The enemy, while moving to the north, kept up constant artillery practice upon
our lines on the Rappahannock. On the 24th and 25th, a rapid rise of the river threatened to carry away all communication
across, and our force on the heights was brought over. The enemy then advanced their lines towards the river, operating
heavily with shot and shell upon our works near Rappahannock station. The baggage train of our headquarters had
been sent to Catlett's station on the 20th, with a guard. Before the freshet, our lines on the extreme left had been extended
so as to keep communication safe with Fredericksburg. The enemy demonstrated on the various fords, but a large force,
which had been detached to cross at the upper ford, passed on our right. This passage by the enemy was known ; and the rise in
the river effected what, otherwise, a military movement would have attempted, viz.: to separate their forces, and expose to attack
those already over. Their cavalry passed to our rear at Catlett's, and destroyed much personal and headquarter baggage. My office
records were scattered about, several valuable papers and maps were lost, and my servant, horse and bedding had disappeared.
My cook, mess-chest and other baggage were not interfered with. One servant, however, returned, after a detour as prisoner
to Richmond. It may be conceived what sort of a life was led by us in front, so much that was of value and necessary for comfort
being miles in the rear. It was, from this time, the rule, nor do I remember having my servant, baggage, office or mess articles near
me for a day during the remainder of the campaign. Private Upham, of the general escort, faithfully followed me thereafter.
The freshet, and the presence of a force on our right and rear, the former holding the enemy in check, the latter demanding
immediate attention, made it necessary, on the 25th, to move our forces in the direction of vVarrenton. Dispositions were made
accordingly. The wounded from the lines and the sick, surgical supplies, tents, cooking department, surgical staff, purveying
cars, etc., were ordered to be moved to Warrenton Junction. General Sigel's Corps moved to the vicinity of Sulphur Springs
and beyond, General Banks and General Reno following to Sulphur Springs, McDowell taking the road to Warrenton. The
first-named corps was engaged with the artillery of the enemy at Sulphur Springs and above. The wounded were sent by
ambulances to Warrenton, where they were temporarily lodged in public buildings, dressed and attended, until a train arrived
from the Junction with supplies, and returning, took tnem to the depot then established at Warrenton Junction. The corps of
General McDowell occupying War. enton, Acting Medical Director P. I'ineo, U. S. A., was directed to make suitable
arrangements and disposition of his surgeons, to receive and care for the wounded in the town, and to have them sent to Warrenton
Junction and Alexandria as rapidly as possible. The medical purveying cars had come up, and the general depot of wounded
was established at Warrenton Junction. There were at the Junction a number of medical officers ready for an emergency;
among them were Inspector General J. F. Pcrley, Medical Inspectors J. M. Cuyler and E. P. Vollum, Assistant Surgeon J. J.
Woodward, and Surgeon Lewis Humphreys. These gentlemen had been sent from Washington by the Surgeon General, in
anticipation of a severe engagement.
While the army was in position beyond Warrenton, expecting a battle every day, constant applications were made to me
to have the sick sent away from the regimental and brigade hospitals, that the ambulances might be made available. In an
emergency, this is proper, but under pretence of removing the sick, if the strictest vigilance is not maintained, the force of
an army will be diminished continually and unnecessarily. As soon as intimation is given that a hospital is to be extemporized,
sick and convalescents are sent in, in some cases, without authority, perhaps in an irregular manner, and left to be cared for
by others, without history, supplies, or attendants. This lightens the field transport service and the cares of regimental
physicians, but is, nevertheless, an evil as pernicious to the military as to the medical service of the army.
No general engagement occurred near Warrenton. The wounded brought in were attended to there and at Warrenton
Junction. Supplies were sent from the Junction to the surgeons on duty at Warrenton, and several special issues were made
to supply deficiencies. The wounded were sent to the Junction by every opportunity, and thence to Alexandria. On the 27th,
om- army was moved towards Manassas and Gainesville, to intercept the forces of Jackson, Ewell and Hill, then operating in
our rear upon tlie railroad. Headquarters were transferred to the Junction. I found there the new medical purveying cars,
well stocked with battle-field supplies, arranged conveniently for issue, and a cargo of ice. Tlie wounded were in tents. Water
was brought in tubs and barrels. The culinary department, under the cart! of Surgeon B. A. Vanderkiefr, was extensive, and
equal to the demands made upon it. There was a goodly supply of food and comforts. Ice was abundant, but the wnter
supply was scanty. Large caldrons were used for making soup and coffee, and cooks were as numerous as could be desired.
The services of the party of medical officer's from Washington not being immediately required, they returned. Medical
15
APPENDED DOCUMENTS - SECOND BULL RUN.
Inspector E. P. Vollum remained, however, and was identified with the rest of our campaign, affording me cordial assistance
and cooperation.
After the 27th, orders were sent to Warrenton, to the Acting Medical Director, to break up the temporary hospitals at
once, and to remove the sick and wounded by railroad, with food and medical attendance. Heavy articles, mattresses, etc., were
to be sent by railroad to the depot, the other supplies to be put into the hands of proper officers to accompany the troops moving
towards Gainesville or Manassas. Meanwhile, the inmates of our hospital encampment at Warrenton Junction were to
be sent to Alexandria, and when that was done, the purveying cars, with the medical officers and the cooking department, were
to be in readiness to move. General headquarters preceded me some hours on the march, while I was arranging for bringing off
our wounded and supplies. Extensive fires had appeared eastward in our rear, and it was rumored that the railroad was cut by
the enemy. The expected reinforcements had not arrived at Centreville or Manassas to guard these places. Thoroughfare
Gap was unoccupied, and the enemy had found an easy entrance to make rapid and destructive enterprises. The railroad
bridge at Kettle Run was destroyed, and the flames of an extensive fire could be plainly seen on the high plains in the distance
towards Manassas.
It was late when I reached headquarters, and learning that, during the afternoon, General Hooker's division, which had
lately joined us, had been engaged with General Ewell near Bristoe Station, I rode over to the depot for the wounded
established by Medical Director J. J. Milhau, of General Heintzelman's Corps, near Kettle Run. The enemy, under Ewell,
had attacked Hooker's division at that point, on its way from Warrenton Junction, and had fallen back to Bristoe Station.
The bridge was then smoking and destroyed. The corps of Heintzelman had been hurriedly sent forward from Alexandria to
Warrenton Junction. Its main supplies and transport service had not come up. Assistant Surgeon J. C. McKee, U. S. A.,
having in charge an Autenrieth medical wagon filled with supplies, and some ambulances for general headquarters, to which he
had been assigned, promptly furnished what was necessary, and assisted in valuable attention to the wounded, numbering about
three hundred. On arriving, I found the wounded were cared for. As far as the darkness permitted, they had been sought out
and brought to the field depot. In the morning, this duty was continued, and new hospitals were established in the buildings
at Bristoe Station for our own and the Confederate wounded who were left. I had dispatched an express the evening before
from headquarters with the following, to Medical Director J. H. Rauch, at Warrenton Junction : ' Bristoe Station, August
27th, 9 P. M. Bring the purveyor's supplies in the cars by railroad to the burnt bridge at Kettle Run as soon as daylight permits
you to run the cars. There are many wounded from to-day's battle at that place in need of supplies. We expect a battle
to-morrow, and must have the supplies as near as possible. Find the railroad agent, and order the train. Bring surgeons,
dressings, ice and stimulants.' Before these could arrive, I had reason to admire the complete service which the Autenrieth wagons
rendered. From it were drawn blankets, buckets, stimulants, anaesthetics, instruments and dressings, as well as the lanterns
moving about, and the candles glimmering on the ground at the side of the wounded, and in the depot hospital buildings. Tea
and food were also supplied from it. Medical Director R. O. Abbott, U. S. A., of Porter's Corps, joined us on the 28th, from
Warrenton Junction, and assisted in collecting, distributing and securing attendance, accommodation and food for our wounded
and those left by the Confederates. He was detailed to complete this duty. General Heintzelman's Corps, on the 28th, and
its medical director, Dr. Milhau, advanced in the morning towards Manassas. General Banks's Corps was then covering the
retreat, and on his coining up, Medical Director T. Antisell succeeded to the charge of Medical Director Abbott. I have a
report of Dr. Abbott showing the fulfilment of the duties devolved upon him. His report is as follows :
RUN, August 29, 1862.
DOCTOR : In conformity with instructions received from you yesterday, I had the wounded of the enemy at the battle
ot Bristoe Station hunted up from 9 A. M. to 6 P. M. I believe I found all that were wounded. I saw them placed in hospital
and properly cared for.
R. O. ABBOTT, Surgeon U. S. A.,
Surgeon T. A. McPARLix, Medical Director.' Medical Director Fifth Army Corps, Army of the Potomac.
Meanwhile, on the arrival'of the railroad train on the 28th, the bridge being burned, I drew from the purveying cars
three-fourths of the stores, and placed them in wagons taken for this purpose from those that were lightly loaded or empty in
trains of the First Corps, then passing, selecting, when I could, good teams. An infantry company was detailed to assist in
loading them from the railroad train, and remained permanently with them as an escort. With this train, Medical Director
Rauch, the operating surgeons, and the cooking department, were to advance to Manassas, keeping in the rear and accessible
to the main army. Medical Inspector Vollum accompanied the train. The residue of the supplies was left with an officer
until Medical Director Antisell should come up and take charge of them for use with the wounded of the Second Corps. On the
29th, Dr. Antisell writes from camp at Kettle Run that he 'superintended collecting the sick and wounded, and had them
four hundred and eighty in all, moved up to the cars lying at that point. They have medical and commissary supplies for
twenty-four hours to come; and will be forwarded to Bull Run when the bridges over this creek and over Broad Run are
completed. No wounded or sick have been left behind.' This was written after the army and our general depot had moved
on from Bristoe station.
In this connection, I will say that it is often diificult to obtain rations, to find a commissary, or induce an issue, except to
those of the special command they move with. To obviate this, I obtained and carried with me a copy of the following order :
'HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF VIRGINIA, August 29, 1862.
To the various commissaries of volunteers of the army of Virginia: You will, each of you, issue rations to hospitals
in the field, on surgeons' requisitions or returns, no matter to what corps, brigade or command either commissaries or surgeons
belong.
By order of Major General POPE :
E. G. BECKWITII, Colonel, C. C. S.
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR McPARLIN. 115
The disposition of the corps, made on the 28th, was to intercept Jackson, Eweli and Hill, then in retreat from Manassas,
through Centreville, to Thoroughfare Gap, to join the main body of Lee's army. McDowell, Sigel and Reynolds were on the
left, Reno and Heintzelnian on the right, and Kearney at Bristoe. Fitz John Porter advanced from Warrenton, and Banks
brought up the rear. Jackson's forces> coming from Centreville, engaged King's division of McDowell's Corps, confronting
them near Gainesville on the afternoon of the 28th. A severe action ensued. The wounded from Gibbons's and Doubleday's
brigades were brought to Manassas, where Acting Medical Director Pineo, Surgeon McNulty and others promptly provided
for them in buildings. An Autenrieth wagon furnished the amputating table, and every facility for surgical attention. I spent
some hours there and on the road, having come out to meet and place the general field depot. Many wounded officers were
received at the depot. Reconnoisance showed that the bridge beyond Manassas, towards Fairfax Station, was burned. I had
to locate the depot near the bridge or ford north of Bull Run, which was on the road from Manassas Junction to Centreville,
and near the main body of our army. At the same time, it was accessible by a branch railroad from Centreville to Manassas
Junction. Should we remain there long enough to have the bridge repaired, we could afterwards transport supplies and
wounded by railroad in any direction. Inspector Vollum, Medical Director Ranch and the purveying depot took position
immediately at the bridge between Centreville and Manassas, occupying a building near the run, which had a well of water in
the yard. Tents were pitched, and the purveying wagons arranged. There were no supplies destroyed or left at Kettle Run,
all being used by Medical Director Antisell. or brought forward by Dr. Rauch to his depot. Whilst General Banks remained
at Bristoe, any supplies needed were drawn from the cars by wagons.
After these dispositions were made, on the 29th, I joined general headquarters in front, passing through Centreville and
along the Warrenton turnpike beyond Bull Run. Our army was engaged, on the 29th, with the forces of Jackson, Hill and
Ewell, in the region between Gainesville, Groveton, Bull Run and Manassas. McDowell operating from Gainesville with his
own, Sigel's and Reynold's forces ; Hooker, Reno and Kearney from Centreville upon their rear ; Porter's Corps to advance from
Manassas. The division of General Ricketts, on the Thoroughfare Gap road, engaged the enemy on the afternoon of the 28th.
* * Of this division, Surgeon N. R. Mosely, U. S. V., was medical director. I have no means of ascertaining the
number of wounded. The engagement was kept up actively on the 29th. Wounded Avere brought in from the front, and
received the attention of the brigade and corps medical officers that night. The view from headquarters embraced a most
extended country, filled with troops, the line of camp-fires stretching for miles away towards Thoroughfare Gap. It was
confidently expected at headquarters that the enemy, if vigorously assailed before reinforcements arrived, would be cut to
pieces or captured. The wounded from the day's action were numerous. I informed the Surgeon General of our condition and
prospects, requesting surgeons, battle-field supplies and ambulances to be sent from Washington, to meet the contingencies of
a severe engagement. This by courier to the nearest telegraph station.
As the turnpike to Centreville was very rough, several bridges destroyed and our general depot was near the bridge. I
instituted inquiries and found a short road running from the Centreville turnpike, near the battle-field, directly to the general
depot. I sent circulars to the corps directors, informing them where the wounded should be sent, and stationed some mounted
men on the pike, to direct the ambulances and wounded properly. I temporarily assigned Surgeon Lucius P. Woods, 5th New
York Cavalry, to the duty of superintending the forwarding of wounded over this route, and of impressing the medical officers
with the importance of getting them out of the field depots to the general depot as rapidly as possible. All day on the 30th, the
ambulances were employed conveying wounded to this depot, where they were received and cared for. Colonel Vollum
informed me early in the day that the cooking arrangements were ample, and everything getting ready for their reception.
Three wagons had been sent back to the railroad for supplies. I had dispatched to him information that ' we had a most
important and obstinate fi'iht yesterday, the 29th. The wounded number thousands, and are seven miles from Centreville, over
a rough road. The bridges are broken. I have asked the Surgeon General for all the ambulances he can send, as well as for
sui-geons and supplies.' Our provisions and forage at this time were scanty. It became a constant care to find and obtain
provisions for the wounded. The supply trains were with Banks, in the rear; the railroad was inoperative, and little was
received by wagons from Alexandria.
On the 3(Jth, the battle was renewed on our right, and continued some hours. The enemy was arriving in the direction
of Thoroughfare Gap, and seemed to be moving to our extreme left and on Manassas. The engagement became warmer hour
by hour, especially in the centre and near the turnpike. The ambulances had been busy all day conveying wounded to Bull
Run hospital depot. I had for this duty the valuable services and assistance of a captain and lieutenant of the newly organized
ambulance corps of General Heintzelman's Corps. The Autenrieth wagon and headquarters ambulances, whose supplies had
been renewed, were in charge of Assistant Surgeons J. C. McKee, U. S. A., and A. C. Benedict, 1st N. Y. Volunteers. These
officers rendered important and immediate attention to the wounded of that corps, at the temporary depot under Medical Director
Milhau. This duty over, they were put in position near the Stone 1 louse towards the front, whither I proceeded with Dr. Milhau.
I joined general headquarters about four o'clock, l*. M., observing meanwhile the ambulance and litter service around me. The
field, for miles away, with moving troops, volleys, explosions and dust of shell and shot, were all in clear view from the high
crest which we occupied. The dust of the enemy's main army train on the left, the advance of our regiments and the long
line of the enemy's artillery fire, from the crest of the Manassas Gap railroad, were very conspicuous. Shot and shell were now
flying near the ambulances of Patrick's brigade of the Third Corps. Surgeon C. H. Wilcox, in charge, was soon under fire,
and I apprehended each moment injury to the ambulance animals before they could be sent back loaded behind the hill.
Returning thence, I went to the turnpike in quest of headquarters and staff. The passage of teams from the fire in front had
borne the staff ambulances a short distance down the road. Having satisfied myself about them, I joined the general and his
staff, and accompanied them steadily thereafter. The action seemed general along the lines, and very fierce at some points,
where the enemy was being heavily reinforced. The whole day had been occupied in attention to the care and prompt forwarding
of wounded, over a good road, to the depots which were near, and I felt sure were well organized to receive them. I believe
nearly fifteen hundred were received and fed in the depots on that day. I had made the best arrangements which, in my
judgment, I could effect with the means a my disposal, but as I looked over the scene, I felt impressed with a sense of how
APPENDED DOCUMENTS — SECOND BULL RUN.
little could be accomplished at that hour. The wide field for miles resounded with the shock of the two great armies. The
field in front, before so clear, was shrouded in dust and smoke. Wavering troops emerged from its folds and rallied, whilst
new combatants pressed onward. The tide of battle swept backward and forward. The crackling of musketry seemed almost
continuous. The fury and onslaught, however, slackened at dusk, a determined resistance having checked the enemy's advance.
Late in the evening, it was determined to retire to Centrcville. General Reno was assigned to cover the rear with his corps.
Troops and trains were moved during the night, and positions assigned them in the morning. On the 30th, at six o'clock P. M.,
I received a telegram from the quartermaster at Alexandria, stating that stimulants and other articles had been sent, and that
one hundred and fifty ambulances had left Washington at five o'clock P. M. Early on the morning of the 31st, Medical Inspector
E. H. Coolidge, U. S. A., arrived at headquarters, assigned to duty as principal medical officer of all the troops serving west
of the Potomac. The affairs of the transport service and of the medical and hospital department were afterwards directed by
nim at Centreville. On the 31st of August and 1st of September, supplies, ambulances, hacks, surgeons and citizens came out
from Washington. The wounded from all directions, the surgical staff, purveyor's supplies and the cooking corps were
collected as far as possible and moved on to Fairfax Court-house. Medical Inspector Vollum and myself remained at Centreville,
where surgeons were busy attending to the wounded, who at that time filled the place. Permission was solicited to bring in
our wounded from the field occupied by the enemy.
On the 1st of September, by direction of Inspector Coolidge, I took charge of a flag of truce and a numerous corps of
surgeons, attendants and volunteer assistants, with what ambulances could be found, and some wagons with supplies, having an
escort of Captain Lawrence's company of the llth U. S. Infantry, and went to the battle-field. I selected a central point as
rendezvous for the party, detailed surgeons, assistants and litter bearers, and assigned sections of the field over which to
collect wounded, in small depots, to be brought thence by ambulances. There were many wounded in buildings along the road,
but I deemed it more important to collect those left scattered helpless and exposed. For this purpose, I passed the ambulances
far to the front and there loaded them. Medical Director L. Guild, of General Lee's army, joined me, with assistants, and
arrangements were made for paroling. The paroled wounded were sent to Centreville, using for the purpose all the wagons
and ambulances, except two at the rendezvous. Subsistence and forage were sent for by courier to our lines, and urgent
application made for ambulances to continue the work. These were scarce. One party was occupied in distributing the stores
to depots of wounded from a stock scantily supplied from the medical store house in Centreville. A number of operations were
performed at the rendezvous, and dressings were supplied from the Autenrieth medical wagon and ambulances. Here and in
the adjoining depots, the surgical corps gave attention to the wounded. Surgeon Page, and Assistant Surgeons Clements,
Webster, Jaquette and Howard, U. S. A., were occupied at the rendezvous several days. I cannot specify others, having no
accurate record of their names. Several trips were made to Centreville, by the few ambulances at our disposal, for subsistence,
stimulants, dressings, etc. Paroling was continued, and subsistence and medical supplies distributed. September 3d, I
received orders to join general headquarters, army of Virginia, and I went to Centreville, leaving Surgeon Page, U. S. A., in
charge. Medical Director Guild, and Drs. Cullen and Maury accompanied me. Our army had retired from Centreville. So
great was our need for ambulances, forage and food, that Medical Inspector Coolidge addressed, on the 4th of September, a
communication to the Surgeon General, sent through General Lee's headquarters, for the purpose of informing him of our
situation, and requesting urgently that food, forage and three hundred ambulances might he sent to the battle-field. Only one
ambulance had come from the army to Centreville since it left that place. It was rumored that one hundred and fifty had
passed through our lines, and that fear of capture prevented the drivers from coming on. Our supplies in Centreville were, of
course, captured. The Confederate officers, however, shared with us, and on the morning of the 5th of September, our portion
was sent out to the field. Inspector Coolidge, accompanied by Medical Directors Guild and Cullen, Surgeon Maury and myself,
then returned to the battle-field. Our wounded were muttering for food. The supplies brought were distributed. Dr. Coolidge
secured from Dr. Guild other supplies, and some beef cattle were purchased. I am happy to say that the Confederate officers
and soldiers shared with our wounded their scanty store. On the 6th, a train of ambulances came out, No information of our
situation had reached the Surgeon General when it left. I was directed by Medical Inspector Coolidge to proceed to Washington,
and report to him in person the condition of affairs. I did so. Orders were issued that night for every available vehicle to be
sent out, in addition to several weeks' supplies already on the way thither. The removal of the wounded went on under the
supervision and direction of Inspector Coolidge. On my way to Washington, I saw ambulances were on the road with
wounded from Chantilly, the last battle-field. The army was in position, occupying the defences of Washington. The army of
Virginia and army of Potomac were united. Major General McClellan was in command. The day after my arrival in
Washington, I was assigned to the charge of the general hospital at Annapolis. I regret that the absence of all reports from
so many of the corps, with the loss or damage of the few I had received from others, have rendered this report so incomplete.
In the course of the campaign I witnessed the valuable labors, skill and efficiency of many of the medical officers of the
army of Virginia, which it gives me pleasure to record. I was directed by the Surgeon General to express to them, generally,
after the battle of Cedar Mountain, his appreciation of their labors, a duty which the press of events has prevented my fulfilling
until now. To the medical directors of corps, Surgeon D. L. Magruder, Thomas Antisell and George Rex, I owe thanks for
tlu-ir zealous cooperation and efficiency. The medical directors of the corps, from the army of the Potomac, Surgeons Abbott
and Milhaii, made every endeavor to provide for their wounded. In the absence of reports from the medical directors of corps,
the names and service of other assistants cannot be specially mentioned. When it was necessary to detail surgeons to remain
with wounded at Culpepper, a sufficient number willingly offered their services. It is proper for me also to notice, in an especial
manner, the daily increased efficiency and valuable services rendered by the corps of surgeons associated with Medical Director
John II. Ranch, who were assigned for duty at the principal depot for wounded and supplies, established near every battle-field
throughout the campaign. Supplies, stimulants, dressings, etc., were issued daily from the store cars, upon the requisitions of
surgeons, and, in emergencies, liberal distribution made of many articles of food and luxury. What disappeared in one way, by
dispensing freely, was compensated by the amount saved in the greater facility the cars secured for transporting supplies over
the ordinary method in retreat. I have no official report from Surgeon Ranch, but lie informed me, after the campaign, that he
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR McPARLIN. 117
had lost nothing of value from his stores. I believe he brought in many articles others had abandoned, such as hospital tents,
etc. At Warrenton Junction, six or eight cars were in use by this department. Valuable contributions were forwarded by the
sanitary commission, and it affords me pleasure to acknowledge the earnest and well directed efforts of one of its members,
Dr. C'hamberlaine, who was present, a welcome collaborator at different periods. The wounded, I may say, were not sufferers
to any extent from vicissitudes of weather. It was a fine season, with frequent midsummer rains. The wounds inflicted in the
various actions were, I believe, principally from minie balls and shell at ordinary range. Operations were performed at the
field hospitals and general depot soon after the injuries were received. The number of operations was small, in comparison with
the number wounded. No primary resections were observed or reported, nor any deaths from chloroform. The general
hospitals in AlexamMa arid its vicinity received the greater number of the wounded, every endeavor being made to forward
them rapidly and with care.
In concluding this paper, it becomes me to acknowledge the prompt response given by you in the persons of select
medical oflicers sent out for service upon receipt of my telegram of the 3l)th; also, the large number of ambulances and vehicles
sent to Centreville, Groveton and Bull Run. The railroad was not in use, and a large number of ambulances needed. But
for the liberal supplies of condensed food, stimulants and comforts sent out by the medical department, the suffering in this
campaign would have been greater. Forty wagon loads of supplies, sent out and unloaded in Centreville. were invaluable. I
have already cited the scarcity of articles of subsistence for our army, and I believe no commissary depot remained at Centreville
after the army was withdrawn towards the defences of Washington. I was then occupied with duties to the wounded on the
field, and cannot cite events at Centreville with certainty. It must be borne in mind, also, that arrangements cannot be perfect
in all respects, with an army of that magnitude moving in retreat. From this cause, the ordinary means accessible for medical
purposes were not obtainable, and yet extraordinary resources were required. Thousands were wounded, and all the
transportation at our disposal was inadequate to the amount of service demanded. The lessons of experience should not be
disregarded, especially in mutters of such transcendent importance. At such a time, a well organized, regularly established
ambulance corps would have been a blessing. Under proper and thorough organization, I am very confident that the hundreds
of vehicles that passed loaded with wounded from Centreville to Fairfax Court-house could have been promptly returned to
continue the duty. Universal experience inculcates the propriety of the division of labor. The army, itself, in its organization
illustrates its necessity, and no economy or efficiency in service is possible without it. If the medical department must transport
its wounded, let it, at least, be done systematically and properly, as in the armies of Europe. A permanent ambulance corps,
once established, can have its duties in action, and at all other times, defined by regulations, and its members being intelligent
and experienced, render that instant and faithful service which is never so much needed and appreciated as by those who
have met the storm of battle, and whose honorable wounds appeal for attention. Efficiency in their alleviation subserves the
highest personal and public interests. The soldier that is ever well cared for respects his officers and his government. Soldierly
feeling attaches him to the service and affects others around him. Premiums and bounty may be very alluring, but an
enlightened economy in this respect, allowing greater sums to be devoted to the endowment and maintenance of an organization
that recent experience and true humanity indicate as necessary, would, in my opinion, better subserve the personal, professional,
military and national interests involved. A return of the medical officers of the three corps of the army of Virginia, for the
month of July, shows that they numbered two hundred and seventy-seven. Those serving in the corps of Generals Heintzelman,
Porter and Reno, in the various actions after leaving Warrenton Junction, and those of the reserve corps of Generals Sunnier
and Franklin, who joined after the action near Groveton and Manassas, I have no means of estimating.
Your obedient servant,
THOMAS A. McPARLIN,
To the SITHGKON GKXKHAL U. S. A Sunjcon U. S. A.
X.CLII. Extract from a Report. By Surgeon J. Y. CANTWELL, 8:2(1 Ohio Volunteers.
"On the 7th of May, lrt(5'2, General Schenek's brigade, of which the 82d Ohio regiment formed a part, was
ordered from Franklin to McDowell, Virginia, to reinforce General Milroy, who then occupied the latter place with his brigade.
We left Franklin at ten o'clock on the 7th, and reached McDowell at nine o'clock A. M. on the 8th, a distance of thirty-four miles
in twenty-three hours. Stonewall Jackson's forces occupied the crest of Bull Pasture mountain, two miles distant, in full view.
Upon consultation, it was decided that McDowell was untenable, but it was determined to march out and give battle before
falling back. Milroy's brigade, and the 82d Ohio, from General Schenck's, wen the attacking party, the remainder of Schenck's
brigade acting as reserve. The fight commenced about four o'clock I'. M., and lasted till nine at night of the 8th of May, 1862.
Our troops fought bravely. The 82d Ohio lost six killed and fifty-two wounded. At twelve o'clock that night, the order
came to put our wounded into ambulances and wagons, and fall back toward Franklin. The order was promptly obeyed, and
the wounded, about two hundred and forty, all told, were comfortably quartered at Franklin on the 10th of May.'' * *
XC1V. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon
SAMUEL HAKT, U. S. Volunteers.
" On the 1st of May, 1HG2, the 63d Ohio Volunteers, forming a part of General Milroy's brigade, moved
southward to and beyond McDowell. In skirmishing with the enemy at Monterey, we had several wounded, one having a
compound comminuted fracture at the knee, requiring amputation at the lower third of femur. After many ambulance
journevs, and narrow escapes from haemorrhage, etc., the patient recovered with an excellent stump. Twelve miles south of
McDowell, we were met by the enemy, and obliged to fall back to that town, where a stand was made to secure time. The
entrairement which followed was one of unusual sharpness. Our killed and wounded were all secured. The latter were
removed to houses in town for operations ; thence to the rear, during the night, the entire command following. My regimental
APPENDED DOCUMENTS SECOND BULL EUN.
loss was six killed and twenty-five wounded. One man died on the march, after an amputation of leg. The other wounded
suffered much in transportation over the very stony and corduroyed road to Franklin. When two wheels of a vehicle, either
the forward or hinder, strike at once upon an obstacle, as in corduroyed roads, the shock seems more than double that of the
striking of one wheel; and it sometimes happens that the successive impingement upon the logs, and the vibration or swaying
of the ambulance, so synchronize as to produce violent concussion and straining of the springs and timbers, while the groans
and outcries of the riders attest the severity of the trial of the already wounded muscles and fractured bones. The wounded
from the battle of McDowell were removed to Franklin, and treated there two or three weeks, when those unfit for transportation
fell into the hands of the enemy. Fifteen of my cases were left, eight of whom died. One case of compound comminuted
fracture, at the union of middle and upper thirds of right thigh, recovered. I am of opinion that more amputations would
have saved more lives. General Milroy's brigade, now forming a part of General Frdmont's command, continued its course
toward Winchester, through Moorfield, and commenced the pursuit of General Jackson along the Shenandoah valley, ending
in the battle of Cross Keyes, and the escape of the enemy at Port Eepublic. In that battle, our loss was considerable, but I
am unable to give the numbers. My own regiment was not engaged. Our wounded were conveyed to Mount Jackson, where
three large buildings furnished them comfortable quarters. The comprehensive plan and thorough construction of these
buildings reflect much credit upon the enemy."
XCY. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon
PHILIP ADOLPHUS, U. S. Army.
* * * "I was ordered to Co. F, 4th U. S. Artillery, Captain C. L. Best commanding, stationed near Frederick,
Maryland, on January "20, 1862. With this command, I made the campaign in the valley of the Shenandoah, terminating my
connection with it after the retreat of the army from Winchester, Virginia, May '25, 1862. At Winchester, I was captured on
the battle-field. The enemy generously permitted me to continue my vocation, and furnished me, at my request, at once with
a guard to protect me, the property in my charge and my men. After removing the wounded to the hospitals, I offered my
services to Surgeon J. B. Peale, U. S. V., then in charge of the Union Hotel hospital in Winchester. During my sojourn at
this hospital, and on the approach of our forces, the enemy invited me, with seven medical officers, my fellow-prisoners, to
tender our parole not to serve until regularly exchanged, which we refused to do. Before the Confederates left Winchester,
we had the honor to conclude an agreement (a copy of which is appended), by which we were unconditionally liberated. A
clause was added, urging us to use our influence with our government, that the principle that surgeons, as non-belligerants,
should not be considered prisoners of war, and, therefore, should not be liable to capture, might be recognized. The result,
as is known to the department, was the immediate release of all Confederate medical officers by our government, and the
recognition of the above principle, followed by a similar action, six weeks later, by the rebel authorities. On the retreat of the
rebels under Jackson, I was ordered, on June 3, 1862, by Surgeon Thomas Antisell, U. S. V., to the Academy general hospital,
where I had charge of the rebel and union wounded until July 12th, when, the hospitals of Winchester being discontinued,
I was ordered to take fifty-eight patients to Harper's Ferry, and report myself for duty at the hospital of that post. The
hospital being discontinued, I was ordered for temporary duty to Alexandria on the 12th of August, immediately after the
battle of Slaughter Mountain. I reported to Surgeon John E. Summers, U. S. A., in charge of the hospitals in Alexandria,
and was assigned for duty at Mansion Hotel hospital. After the second battle of Bull Run, I was put in charge of a building
in Washington street, Alexandria, which I organized as a hospital for wounded, and remained there until September 17th,
when I was ordered to the field."
"WINCHESTER, VA., May 31, 1862.
We, surgeons and assistant surgeons, U S. Army, now prisoners of war in this place, do give our parol of honor, on
being unconditionally released, to report in person, singly or collectively, to the Secretary of War in Washington City, and
that we will use our best efforts that the same number of medical officers of the Confederate States Army, now prisoners, or
that may hereafter be taken, be released on the same terms. And, furthermore, we will, on our honor, use our best efforts to
have this principle established, viz., the unconditional release of all medical officers taken prisoners of war hereafter.
(Signed) J. BURD PEALE, Brigade Surgeon, Menkens Division; J. J. JOHNSON, Surgeon 27th Indiana Vols. ; FRANCIS
LELAND, Surgeon 2d Massachusetts Vols,; PHILIP ADOLIMIUS, Assistant Surgeon U. S. A.; LINCOLN R. STONE, Assistant
Surgeon 2d Massachusetts Vols. ; JOSIAII F. DAY, JR., Assistant Surgeon Wth Maine Vols. ; EVELYN L. BISSEL, Assistant
Surgeon ?>th Connecticut Vols.
Approved: HUNTER McGuiRE, Medical Director Army of the Valley, C. S."
XCYI. Third Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Surgeon
C. F. H. CAMPBELL, U. S. Volunteers.
* * * "On the 20th of March, I accompanied General Hatch to Washington, en route for the army of the Potomac,
in which he was to have had a command; but, after joining the army, we were ordered to report to General Banks, then
serving in the valley of Virginia. We found him, on the 13th of April, at Woodstock. The cavalry of his corps was assigned
to General Hatch. The command was composed of five regiments and a battalion. The men were all in good condition
physically, and the medical and hospital supplies were ample. There was, however, a great deficiency of ambulances. The
advance from Woodstock up the valley was commenced on the 17th, and, on the 27th, we reached Harrisonburg, having
skirmished throughout the route with the rebel rear-guard, with but few casualties. * The retrograde movement com
menced on the 5th of May, and, with the exception of skirmishing between the cavalry of the two forces, our march was not
EEPORTS OF SURGEONS CAMPBELL AND ANTISELL. 119
seriously interrupted until we reached Middletovvn on the 24th, having halted for a day or two at different points on the road.
At this point, we encountered the rebel army under Generals Jackson and Ewell. They opened on our cavalry with artillery,
at a range of about a thousand yards, the firing being rapid, but not very effective, only eight of our men receiving wounds from
fragments of shells. These men were left in the town, under charge of a medical officer. The movement of the rear-guard
of cavalry, with which the writer found himself, after making the necessary arrangements for the comfort of the wounded,
was arrested by the enemy's infantry, and it was necessary to fall back some distance, and make a wide circuit of several
miles, in order to reach Winchester that night. Early on the morning of the 25th, our pickets thrown out on the Winchester
road were driven in, and the action commenced at short range with artillery and infantry. The fighting for about an hour
was determined and deadly, principally, however, between the infantry; but our forces being greatly outnumbered, and
not receiving timely support, fell back in confusion, taking the line of road for Martinsburg and Williamsport. I cannot
speak from observation as to the number of wounded in this battle, not being physically in condition to attend to my duties.
The army again advanced across the Potomac, from Williamsport. Maryland, on the 9th of June, and marched to Winchester on
the 15th. * * Our descent on the plains of Virginia was made from Front Royal, whither we had marched from Middletown
the remnant of General Banks's forces being united with those of General McDowell's Corps, to form a portion of General
Pope's army. The cavalry remained under General Hatch. On the 12th of July, the cavalry, numbering about eighteen
hundred, advanced on Culpepper Court-house, which we entered, driving the enemy before us, having but four men slightly
wounded by musketry. * * From the 16th to the 29th, futile efforts were made by the cavalry forces to march
on Gordonsville, from Culpepper. July 29th, General Hatch was relieved from his cavalry command, and ordered to
Fredericksburg, to take command of an infantry brigade in General King's division. I accompanied him as chief medical
officer of the brigade, which was composed of six regiments, mostly veteran troops, inured to the fatigues of a soldier's life, and
amply furnished with all needful supplies, and with a fair corps of medical officers. On the 10th of August, the division
marched on the road towards Culpepper Court-house, and, on the 16th, the Cedar Mountain battle-field was reached, the battle
at that place having been fought before our arrival. By the 20th of the month, the whole army, which had commenced
retreating the day previous, was on the north side of the Rappahannock river. Tbe enemy attacked, on the 21st, with artillery
from the south bank, making various efforts to cross the river at different points during that and the following day. The
wounds resulting from these two days' fighting were all produced by fragments of shells, and, in a few rare instances, from
round musket balls, projected from exploded shells of the Whitworth pattern. Two division hospitals were organized, which
were afterwards consolidated about a mile from the river, and received the wounded to the number of some fifty or sixty, who
were brought in as rapidly as circumstances would admit. The surgical arrangements were nearly all that could be required
and the attendants faithful in the performance of their duties. About ten or twelve major operations were performed, all with
the aid of chloroform. The wounded from this field were all transported to Warrenton, afterwards to Warrenton
Junction, and from thence to Washington by rail.
The Warrenton general hospital, established in a church, as a depot for the reception of the wounded from the above
field, was placed under my charge by special orders on the 24th. Some three hundred men, in transit to Washington, were
admitted during the 24th and 25tli. About twenty operations were performed, principally major and minor amputations of the
upper extremities. Every case admitted was carefully examined, fresh dressings applied, and the men prepared in every way
possible for their transit to the rear. These duties accomplished, I was ordered to proceed to Fairfax Court-house, receive the
wounded arriving there, and forward them on the railway trains sent out for them. This latter duty occupied me during the
26th and 27th, when I rejoined my command.
The enemy opened on us with artillery at Groveton, on the Centreville and Gainesville road, the 28th, when the second
battle of Centreville, or Bull Run, commenced. A general hospital was established in a very large old mansion, removed about
a mile and a half from the field, to which a large number of the wounded were brought in ambulances. The corps of medical
officers at this hospital was so small that the principal labors of operating, dressing, etc., devolved upon myself and three other
medical officers. For three days and two nights we labored almost incessantly. The wounded were literally crowded in upon
us, not one of whom, I think I can safely say, was sent off without receiving that care which his case called for. Our medical
and hospital supplies proved ample for our wants. It was at this time, especially, that the new medical wagon was so
thoroughly tested, and found of invaluable service to us."
XCVII. Extracts from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff during the Summer
of 1862. By Surgeon THOMAS ANTISELL, IT. S. Volunteers.
"On July 4, 1862, I left the headquarters of the Department of the Shenandoah, stationed near Middletown, Virginia, in
order to visit the various hospitals of the command at Winchester, Harper's Ferry, Ilagerstown and Frederick, with orders
from Major General Banks to empty the hospitals in Virginia, if possible, and mass the sick, as far as practicable, at Frederick,
Maryland. In fulfilling my instructions, I visited these various points, and found considerable difficulty in separating the sick
of the department from those of Generals Fr6mont and Sigel, then temporarily stationed in the valley. Owing to the large
number of sick with the wounded of the department, it had been necessary, a few months previous, to establish hospitals in
Winchester at the Union Hotel, the York Academy and the Seminary. In June, I issued instructions to Doctor Leland, of the
2d Massachusetts Volunteers, then in charge of Union Hotel hospital, to empty it as early as possible. This was ordered, as
well to diminish the number of separate hospitals as to prevent the confusion arising from the mingling of soldiers of different
commands in one building. At the visit in July, I directed the removal of all patients, who could safely be moved, from
Winchester to Harper's Ferry and Frederick. Assistant Surgeon Adolphus, U. S. A., was charged with the transfer.
While I was absent on this duty, General Banks received orders to march his command across the Blue Ridge, to effect
a junction with General McDowell's troops, then moving from Fredericksburg to join General Pope's command. I rejoined the
command (now the Second Corps of the army of Virginia) between Sperryville and Little Washington. A few days afterwards,
APPENDED DOCUMENTS SECOND BULL RUN.
July 18th, it camped on Hedgeman's river, Fanquier county. Here, according to instructions from Surgeon McParlin, medical
director of the ai-my of Virginia, I had requisitions for hospital tents for all the regiments of the command forwarded, and had
the sick removed to Alexandria via Warrenton, where they were received by Surgeon Ranch, who had been placed on detached
duty for that purpose.
During the stay of the troops in the Shenandoah valley in June, and since their arrival here, I was impressed with the
wide-spread desire, both of officers and men, to escape from service by discharge, under guise of disability. It appeared to me
that company officers and the medical staff of the regiments either openly favored discharging men without adequate disability,
or overcome by importunities which they were unable to resist, too readily, and without examination, accepted the statements
of complaining officers and men. Believing that this practice, if not checked, would tell injuriously on the strength of the
corps, I addressed a letter to the medical director of the army, suggesting a remedy.
On the 23d, the Second Corps moved close to Little Washington, where it remained until the 1st of August. During
the march of the corps from Middletown toward Sperryville, some sick had been necessarily left behind at Middletown,
Front Royal and at Washington. On the 29th of July, I instructed Surgeon Marshall, of the 3d Delaware, to proceed to these
places and gather up all of our sick, and return them to the command. About the 1st of August, these men were forwarded
to Warrenton Station, for transport to Alexandria. In this encampment, the Second Corps was placed along a swell of land,
which gently sloped both north and south. There was but little heavy timber on the ground ; the water was pure and
abundant, and the soil porous and dry. The days were very warm, and the nights unusually cool, owing, I suppose, to the
altitude and the proximity to the mountains. Every circumstance indicated a favorable position for an army corps encampment.
Yet, duping the stay here, the corps was unusually sickly, a large number applying daily at the morning call. This was more
obsepvable in the 2d division. On personal inspection of the regimental camps, I thought I ascertained the exciting cause to
be their too close proximity. The regiments lay so close alongside that the sinks of one regiment were not farther than thirty
feet from the company tents of another. The shelter-tents were placed alongside each other in close proximity, and the streets
in front were not more than four feet wide. In a few companies, the tents were dos a dos, thus allowing no ventilation on
three sides of each. The offal, and other remains of the cattle slaughtered by regiments, lay unburied and decomposing on the
grass in the rear of each, and thus two fertile sources of disease were apparent.
The 60th New York Volunteers suffered most severely. During the last week of July, one-half of the regiment lay in
hospital, or in their shelter-tents, unable to move. The disease, as far as I could ascertain by close examination, was a true
typhus mitior; that is, a continued fever without any symptom of malarious origin, and, generally, without complication of
cavities. It affected officers equally with men, and the mi'dical officers, in turn, were attacked. Viewing this disease as one of
ochletic origin solely, I advised the immediate removal of this regiment to the rear. It was sent to Sulphur Springs, where I
afterwards saw it, slowly improving. It was difficult to assign any reason why this regiment should suffer so much more, both
in the number and severity of the cases, than others in the division. Their camp was not so much crowded together as others,
nor the decomposing animal matter so close to the tents. The only explanation I could imagine to be in any degree true, was
as follows: The regiment was raised but a few months before, and had been but a few weeks in the command, having joined
it at Harper's Ferry, after the second retreat from Winchester. It was composed, in a large degpee, of men from the shore
of the St. Lawrence river, many of them lumbermen, and none of them dwellers in cities. St. Lawrence and Jefferson counties
furnished a great number. Brought rapidly down to a warmer climate, placed on the banks of a river, and afterwards
subjected to continuous marching for ten days, ending in a crowded encampment for ten days more, perhaps it was thus exposed
to all the circumstances which would produce fever arising from crowd poison. I called the attention of Medical Inspector
Vollum, then inspecting, to the case of this regiment. In order to prevent a continuance or recurrence of this pernicious mode
of encampment, I recommended the adoption of the more rational mode of camping, which was embodied in Order No. 16 of
Major General Banks.
On the 4th of August, the corps left the vicinity of Little Washington and moved towards Culpepper, where it encamped
on the north side of the town on the 7th. On the 9th, at an early hour in the morning, it passed through the town of Culpepper
and moved up the road to Calvin's tavern and halted for a short time at Cedar Run. Here the enemy was first observed,
moving toward the corps in force. Major General Banks advanced his men to about a mile south of the run by noon, and the
engagement was soon after commenced by the artillery of the enemy posted on Slaughter Mountain. The battle of Slaughter
Mountain, improperly termed Cedar Mountain, from the name of the small stream in front of which the command lay, was
fought upon rolling land, the ridges running northwest and southeast, one of the eastern terminations rising to a swell of
perhaps four hundred feet high, named after a former proprietor, Mr. Slaughter. The ground on the east of the turnpike was more
open, being, in great part, meadow, with patches of wood. Here the 2d division of the corps, commanded by General Augur,
was placed, the regiments arranged along the northern slope of the swell, and lying down where the slight slope of the ground
required their concealment. On the west of the turnpike road lay the 1st division, under General Williams, the 1st brigade of
which, commanded by General Crawford, lay next the road. General Gordon's brigade was planted on the right, close behind
a thick belt of timber, which crowned one of the ridges. Large cornfields and a wheat patch occupied most of the ground in front
of General Williams. Artillery fire commenced early in the afternoon, chiefly on the left, and by three o'clock the cannonading
on both sides was constant, the enemy appearing to push our left. A.bout noon, I had ridden over the ground in the rear, seeking
positions for field hospitals, the medical director of the division having been indisposed for some days previous. I selected a
house on a ridge slope north of the belt of woods alluded to. In the evening, this being found too close, the hospital had to be
moved further back to the valley behind the ridge. The acting medical director of the 2d division, Dr. Ball, surgeon of the 5th
Ohio Volunteers, selected a protected situation behind the division, in a grove. The medical care of this division devolved on
this officer Dr. Ranch, its medical director, having been detached by order of the medical director of the army. His
arrangements were judicious and deserving of commendation.
At two p. M., I rode along the line in the rear, to see that the regiments were supplied with one assistant surgeon each, the
surgeons having been instructed to report to the medical directors of divisions at the field hospitals. With few exceptions, I
REPORT OF SURGEON THOMAS ANTISKLL. 121
found the medical officers in their places. By three o'clock, the action had so progressed as to engage the whole 2d division.
Thf wounded were brought to the rear rapidly, and, after being dressed and furnished with stimulants, were sent to Culpepper,
in accordance with instructions received from the medical director of the army. As late as half past five P. M., I was of the
opinion that the establishment of two hospital depots was superfluous, no wounded having been received at 1st division depot
until six o'clock, when the enemy suddenly appeared in the corn and wheat-fields in front, and pushed toward the thick timber.
The struggle for the woods was very bitter, the sound of the rifles never ceasing for two hours, when our troops were ordered
to fall back. The distance from the edge of the woods to the 1st division hospital was not more than seven or eight hundred
yards ; and, from six to eight o'clock, the stream of wounded was continuous. Ambulances were dispatched back as soon as they
unloaded, and, at seven o'clock, as many as 400 wounded were spread along the grass in front of the dwelling house. As soon
as they were dressed and fed, those not requiring immediate attention were moved into the house, and urgent operations were
performed. A number of those wounded in the chest and abdomen died during the night. The engagement having been so close,
in some places hand to hand, the wounds were very grave, and an unusual proportion of trunk wounds were remarked on the
hospital grounds. For the same reason, the number of staff and regimental officers wounded was large. * * Several
operations were performed here on the 10th, and, on the llth the wounded were slowly removed to the hospitals established by the
medical director of the army at Culpepper. The removal of the wounded from "2d division hospital took place from the outset,
so that fewer operations were performed on the field in that hospital. It was fully emptied on the next day, while that of the 1st
division was not wholly removed until the close of the next week. As the enemy occupied the field, but little was done in
burying the dead or removing the wounded on the day after the battle. This was accomplished under the special direction of
the medical director of the army. Having left the hospital in charge of the division directors, I left the front at eight o'clock,
and rejoined the staff of General Banks, whom I found in a wood, a mile to the rear, with General Pope and his staff. Here,
also, was the division of General Ricketts, and, next in the rear, the corps of General McDowell. In a few minutes after my
arrival, the enemy commenced shelling the woods, which broke up the meeting there. In the confusion, General Banks met
with a severe contusion of the hip, which, for several days, was so painful as to incapacitate him from moving actively about.
He still, however, remained in command, General Williams performing the more active duties. The heat of the day had been
intense, and although the bright moonlight of the night was favorable to our outdoor hospital duties, yet, during the night, it
became cool, an atmospheric change which acted unfavorably on the wounded, many of whom had to remain, through the night,
exposed on the grass around the 1st division hospital. Although during the engagement of the 9th, artillery had been
principally employed early in the afternoon, yet the number of shell or round-shot wounds brought off the field was very
small, compared with the number wounded by minie balls later in the day. No resections were performed in the field
hospitals; a few were made in Culpepper. Subsequently, the order for early removal from the field to the station near the
railway led to the performance of amputations preferably.
On the llth, General Banks moved his headquarters to Culpepper, where he remained until the 18th. During this
interval, I spent a large portion of each day in the various hospitals of the town, which were filled up for several days with the
wounded brought from the field and the 1st division hospital as fast as they were being removed from the town by rail. Several
amputations and a few resections were performed here, and those who suffered but little shock were sent toward Alexandria, so
that when the troops were moved but two public buildings were occupied as hospitals. The more seriously wounded in these
were left behind when the army evacuated the place, and fell into the hands of the Confederates. A few of them were carried
to Richmond, but the greater number remained at Culpepper, attended by our surgeons, who had been left behind to care for
them.
On the 18th, General Banks moved his headquarters from Culpepper to Sulphur Springs, and thence, on the 19th, to
Rappahannock Station. While at the Springs, I visited the 60th New York, which occupied the large hotel, the two large lower
rooms being used as a hospital, in which a large number of the men still remained, suffering from the fever mentioned in the
early part of this i-eport. One hundred and thirty-nine patients were on the morning report of the hospital, and one hundred
and seventy-two sick in quarters; making, with a few musicians, a total of three hundred and fifteen men of the regiment non-
effective. On account of the persistent sickness of this regiment, I recommended that it should be sent to the rear, outside of
the command, and ventured to suggest Fort Schuyler, New York harbor, or some other northern point. I believe this regiment
was sent to Harper's Ferry, where it subsequently joined the command. On reaching Rappahannock Station, orders were sent
back to remove the troops from the Springs, on account of the approach of the enemy. * *
On the 28th, the corps passed Catlett's Station, in its retreat; the roads were blocked up with teams moving down. We
passed Porter's Corps in the morning, and went into camp at Kettle Run at five o'clock p. M. On the 29th, the bridge at the Run
not being fully repair«d, the corps was stationary. During the forenoon, I visited a train of cars with wounded close by; about
five hundred and fifty wounded and sick were aboard. On the 30th, the corps moved close to Manassas, and thence back to Broad
Run, where it halted. Finding a large number of sick lying at two houses in the vicinity, I seized all the empty wagons I
could find, and, placing the men in them, sent them on towards Alexandria. They were about two hundred in number. On the
31st, we reached Bristoe Station. I found forty sick at the station house, and placed them in wagons. We left by-way of
Brentsville, and thence to Centreville. When the corps left Bristoe Station, the train of cars left behind with quartermasters' and
other stores, one of them with purveyor's propertv, were set on fire. On the 2d of September, I left Blackburn Ford, en route
for Alexandria, with such sick as could be forwarded to that point, and rejoined the corps on the 3d, near Fort Albany.
September 4th, the corps moved through Georgetown, and encamped at Tenallytown."
16
122 APPENDED DOCUMENTS SECOND BULL RUN.
XCVIII. Extracts from a Narrative of Ids Services. By Surgeon N. K. MOSELY, II. S.
Volunteers.
* * * " I reported, on the 20th of October, at Seneca Mills, Maryland, as brigade surgeon to Brigadier General
Abercrombie of General Banks's division. The brigade consisted of the 2d and 12th Massachusetts, the 16th Indiana and the
30th Pennsylvania Volunteers. It went into winter quarters at Frederick, Maryland, with the rest of General Banks's
command, in the latter part of November, 1861, and no military event of interest occurred during the winter. On the 27th of
February, 1862, the command crossed the Potomac, on pontoon bridges, at Harper's Ferry. On the 1st of March, the 2d
Massachusetts Volunteers advanced to Charlestown. A slight skirmish occurred at this place, but without any casualty. The
other regiments of the brigade occupied the town on the evening of the same day. We marched from Charlestown, on the 10th
of March, for Winchester, at which place we went into camp, and remained until the 21st. General Abercrombie was then
ordered, with his brigade and the division supply train, to proceed to Manassas Junction. The troops and train crossed the
Shenandoah river at Snicker's Ferry on the 22d. Several skirmishes occurred on the march, but without accident. On the
24th, while in camp at Aldie, we received orders to return immediately to Winchester, a battle being in progress between the
forces of General Shields and Stonewall Jackson. We arrived at the Shenandoah river the next morning at daylight, and
halted for a short rest. Before noon, we had recrossed the river, and were on our way towards Winchester. Myself and two
of the aids were in the advance, and near Berry ville, at which place I had intended to provide hospital accommodations for
the sick, when we were met by messengers with news and orders from General Banks. The battle of Winchester had been
fought, and the head of our column was again placed in the direction of Aldie, taking our sick with us in ambulances. The
command at this time consisted of the 2d and 12th Massachusetts, the 16th Indiana and 9th New York Volunteers, with
Mathew's battery and one battalion of the 1st Maine Cavalry. It was supplied with Sibley, wall and wedge tents, and other
conveniencies of camp life, requiring an unusual amount of transportation, each regiment having from seven to ten baggage
wagons, which, wTith the supply wagons of General Banks's division, made a train about three miles in length.
We reached Warrenton Junction, a post then occupied by the corps of Major General Sumner, on the 3d of April. At this
place, one battery and two regiments of cavalry were added to the command. The old troops retained their Sibley and wall
tents, and were encamped as comfortably as the nature of the ground would permit ; for it was low, marshy, and strewn with
carcasses of dead animals. The new cavalry regiments, however, had an inadequate supply of shelter tents, and suffered much
from exposure to the weather. A severe snow arid rain storm, to which the men were exposed, occurred on the 10th, and much
sickness prevailed from this cause, and from the emanations of decaying animal matter, which had been left unburied by
General Sumner's troops. The diseases assumed a remittent and typhoid character. I established a brigade hospital at a
large farm-house, in a healthy location, a mile northeast of the camp. Assistant Surgeon J. M. Haywood was placed in charge,
and all of the sick but two recovered. These were buried near the hospital. About one hundred sick, belonging to the division
of General Blenker, had been left at Warrenton Junction. They were in a destitute condition, being nearly without food and
medicines, and with no medical attendants. The circumstances connected with the abandonment of these sick soldiers were
reported by me to the Surgeon General, who ordered their removal to general hospital in Washington.
On the 1st of May, Brigadier General Hartsuff relieved General Abercrombie in the command of the brigade. A new
encampment was immediately selected on the high grounds, near Catlett's Station, and the troops were removed to it. The sick
were removed to the brigade hospital in charge of Doctor Haywood. The brigade marched for Fredericksburg on the 12th
of May, and was assigned to the corps of Major General McDowell, encamping on the north bank of the Rappahannock river,
four miles northeast of Falmouth.
On the 23d, I was relieved from duty as surgeon of the brigade, for the purpose of establishing a general hospital at
Fredericksburg. Previous to this time, however, the sick of General McDowell's army had been sent to the general hospitals
of Washington. I took possession of two large buildings, a tobacco warehouse and an unfinished hotel, the two being capable
of accommodating a thousand patients. Without furniture or bedding, this hospital was occupied by men who were not really
sick, but who preferred the inconvenience of the establishment to long marches and the exposure incident to camp life. Their
diseases were not of such a character as to warrant me in making arrangements for a permanent hospital.
When the command of General McDowell, with the exception of the division of Pennsylvania Eeserves, under the
command of General McCall, left Fredericksbnrg, I was ordered to take the men remaining in hospital, who could riot march,
to Washington, and afterwards to join my brigade. I executed this order on the 31st of May, and rejoined the brigade at
Front Royal, Virginia, on the 5th of June. I found it just going into camp, after returning from an unsuccessful pursuit
of Jackson, in the direction of Strasburg. The camp selected at Front Royal was on the high grounds north of the town. The
troops, at this time, used shelter tents, having abandoned their Sibley and wall tents previous to leaving Fredericksburg. On
the 13th, two hundred wounded, belonging to the command of General Shields, arrived at Front Royal from Luray, after the
action with the forces of Jackson. They had been conveyed in army wagons, and many of them suffered by this means of
transportation, having gunshot wounds of a serious character. These men were under the charge of Doctor Hayes, a surgeon
of one of the Pennsylvania regiments, who had been ordered with them to Front Royal, to place them in general hospital at
that point. There being no hospital in operation at this time at Front Royal, and no surgeon on duty at the post, I assumed
charge of them, providing such accommodations in vacant buildings as could be had, and, by the aid of the medical officers of
Hartsuff's brigade, rendered them such attention as their situation required. Their wounds were all dressed, and they were
made as comfortable as was possible under the circumstances. On the 14th, they were sent on the cars to Washington, under
the charge of Doctor Hayes.
On the 17th, the brigade was transported by railroad to Manassas, where it arrived at ten o'clock p. M., and bivouacked
for the night. General McDowell's headquarters had been established here a few days previous to the arrival of the brigade.
On Ihe 19th, a severe accident happened to the general, who was thrown from his horse. The troops of General McDowell
remained in camp at Manassas until the 4th of July, when they marched towards Warrenton. Temporary hospitals had been
established at this point, to which the sick were transferred and left after the troops had marched. * *
REPORT OF SURGEON N. R MOSELY. 123
On the evening of the 5th, the brigade went into camp on Bolivar farm, the old homestead of Prof. Wm. E. Horner, of
Philadelphia,. Brigadier General Eicketts being now in command of the division, which consisted of HartsufFs, Towers's and
Duryea's brigades, I was appointed medical director of the division. Previous to the arrival of the troops at Warrenton, the
men had little other food than the army ration, the unproductive country in the vicinity of Manassas affording but a scanty supply
of fruit or fresh vegetables. Thrown suddenly among the rich farms about Warrenton, where fruits and fresh vegetables were
found in abundance, I anticipated the occurrence of disease from the unlimited use of these articles, in which the men indulged
freely for several days. Fortunately, no bad results occurred from this intemperance; but rather a salutary influence was
produced, manifestations of scurvy, which had been noticed at Manassas, rapidly subsiding after our arrival at Warrenton. I
established a general hospital at this place. The buildings used were the large Warren Green hotel and the Methodist
church contiguous to it. Surgeon T. E. Mitchell was placed in charge of this hospital. The patients brought here were made
comfortable, and were well treated. They were mostly wounded from other commands, principally from the cavalry from the
front, south of the Rappahannock river. Their wounds were not generally serious, consisting mostly of gunshot flesh wounds
of the extremities.
On the 22d of July, the troops of General McDowell's Corps were placed in the army of Virginia, under Major General
Pope. From Warrenton they marched to Waterloo, where they remained until the 5th of August, when they again marched
to Culpepper Court-house. The sick at Waterloo, and those remaining at Warren Green hospital, were sent to the general
hospitals at Washington. The troops encamped one mile north of Culpepper Court-house on the 6th of August. On the
8th, the camp was moved five miles south of Culpepper. On the 9th, the division moved forward to Cedar Mountain, where
General Banks was engaged with the enemy under Stonewall Jackson. Hartsuff's and Towers's brigades, with two batteries^
were ordered up on the right of General Banks, when a brisk cannonading commenced, continuing for several hours. The fire
from Mathew's battery did good execution on the left and centre of the rebel line. The darkness of the night, however,
prevented the engagement of our infantry force. The principal fighting in this engagement was done by the troops under
General Banks on the morning and afternoon of the 9th.
The strength of the division at this time was about seven thousand five hundred men. We were well supplied with
ambulances, medicines and hospital stores. Our hospital tents had been left in camp, near Culpepper, occupied by sick and
disabled soldiers, who were unable to march. The wounded, after the battle, were carried to farm-houses and other buildings
near the field, and amply supplied with water. The supply of food was not abundant, but the 711 en did 7iot suffer for the want
of nourishment, and, the weather being warm, no suffering was caused by exposure. The wounded were brought from the field
to the field hospitals on hand-stretchers, tlie ambulances being employed in conveying them thence to Culpepper. From this
point, they were sent by railroad to Alexandria and Washington. Having bee7i occupied on the field in dressing a7id
removing the wounded from the 10th to the 14th, I had no opportimity of knowing the character of the operations performed
at Culpepper Court-house. The number of wounded carried from the field under my direction was about seven hundred and
fifty, 7iearly all of whom belonged to the command of General Banks; the remainder were rebels. Considerable delay was
experienced in their removal, as the rebels held the field, so that it could only be done under a flag of truce.
On the 15th, the troops moved south of Cedar Mountain some six miles, and occupied a position on the Rapidan river,
which was maintained until the approach of General Lee with an overwhelming force. On the 18th, the army of General
Pope commenced to retire in the direction of Culpepper, Ricketts's divison covering the retreat. An accident occurred near
Culpepper, whilst destroying a bridge on the Orange and Alexandria railroad, one man being killed and three sevei'ely i7ijured.
On the 19th, the troops reached the 7iorth bank of the Rappahannock river, at Rappahannock Station, where batteries were
planted commanding the ford. On the afternoon of the 20th, the cavalry, being closely pressed, 7-etired to the north bank of the
river. On the 21st, at daylight, the enemy commenced shelling our position. Their fire was promptly replied to from our side.
The artillery firing continued, with slight intermission, until the 2:Jd, when we retired in the direction of Warrenton. I established
a hospital in a large farm-house, one and a half miles in the rear of our lines, where I received about one hundred and fifty
men belonging to the divisions of Generals Ricketts and King. General Banks applied to 7ne at this hospital for medical advice.
He had been badly bruised on the right side of the body and thigh, occasioned by the fall of his horse. His body was much
ecchymosed and swollen, which prevented him from taking command of his troops in person. He had, however, up to this
time remained near the army, conveyed in an ambulance. The 7iien brought to this hospital were mostly wounded by the
explosion of shells. Several primary amputations were performed under the use of a mixture of equal parts of chlo7-oform and
sulphuric ether. No deaths occurred. These wounded were afterwards conveyed in ambulances to Bristoe Station, from
whence they were transported by rail to Washington.
The troops continued to fall back, and, on the 27th, reached New Baltimo7-e. On the 28th, General Ricketts's division
was ordered to hold Thoroughfare Gap; the order was given while on the 7narch towards Fairfax Court-house. The division
diverged from the road to the left on the double quick, but reached the Gap too late to preve7it the corps of the rebel General
Longstreet from passhig through. Ge7ieral Ricketts, however, formed his t7-oops in Hue of battle, and opened a fire upon the
advancing enemy, which held them in check about three hours. He was then obliged to retire from his position, having been
flanked on the right and left. I took possession of a large farm-house for a hospital, about a mile in the rear of our lines, and
fifty wounded men of the command were brought hither in ambulances. The strength of the command at this time was about
seven thousa7id men. During the retreat from Cedar Mountain, I kept with me a good supply of medicines, hospital stores,
ambulances, etc., and, by the aid of the medical officers of the division, was always prepared to attend to the wants of the sick
and wounded. The wounds received in the action at Thoroughfare Gap were produced by conoidal balls, and amputation was
necessary in all cases where bones were implicated. The same preparation of ether and chloroform was used as at hospital near
Rappahannock Station, with good results. After the action, the wounded were placed in ambulances under the charge of
Brigade Surgeon J. T. Heard, with directions to pi-oceed with them to Manassas Junction for the purpose of sending them to
Washington by railroad.
The division arrived at Gainesville at eleven o'clock on the night of the 28th, and rested on their arms until daylight
124 APPENDED DOCUMENTS SECOND BULL EUN.
We were, at this time, surrounded on all sides by rebel troops, except in the direction of Bristoe Station, to which place we
retired on the morning of the '29th. The men were much fatigued, and suffered for want of food, but were abundantly supplied
with rations on arriving at Bristoe Station. About ten o'clock the same morning, we marched toward Centreville. and
participated in the engagement of the second battle of Bull Run on the following day. General Ricketts's division occupied a
position on the right in the early part of the engagement. At about four o'clock in the afternoon, we were moved to the left,
where we were actively engaged until dark. I fixed upon a spot for hospital purposes about a mile and a half in the rear
of the battle-field, near the Stone House. This location came within the range of the artillery of the enemy, and a removal
of the hospital to another site became necessary. I took the few wounded who had arrived in an ambulance to a spot about a
mile and a half to the right of the battle-field, near a small stream of water. At this point, I met several medical officers, among
whom was Surgeon McParlin. medical director of the army, who informed me that the wounded were all to be sent to the depot
hospital in the vicinity of Bull Run creek. At his request, I proceeded thither for the purpose of assisting in dressing the
wounded. I was engaged at the hospital over Saturday night and during Sunday, at which time the wounded were removed.
This hospital was furnished with abundant supplies of hospital stores, food, hospital tents, etc. Much difficulty occurred for
want of laborers, and but few tents were pitched. Many of the wounded were obliged to lay on the ground, exposed to a cold
rain which fell on Saturday night and Sunday. I found here Doctor Heard, who had left Gainesville with wounded in ambulances
on the 28th. He had been unable to reach Manassas. The wounded had been faithfully cared for by him, notwithstanding they
had been on the road for three days and a half. It is impossible for me to give a correct statement of the character and duration
of fire to which the men who were brought to this hospital had been exposed. Primary amputations were performed. No
deaths from chloroform occurred.
I rejoined the division on the 1st of September, near Fairfax Court-house, on the Aldie road, where it was engaged with
the enemy. I established a field hospital under a large willow tree, near a spring of water, at the junction of the Little River
and Warrenton turnpikes, and directed the wounded to be brought to this place. I was soon, however, obliged to remove my
hospital to a church building near Fairfax Court-houae, owing to the precipitate retreat of the army. During the entire night,
I was engaged in dressing the wounded. The men were mostly wounded in the upper extremity and head, and came to the
hospital on foot. They were sent on foot to the rear, after their wounds had been dressed.
On the 3d of September, the troops went into camp at Hall's hill, near Washington, where they remained until the 6th.
From the 9th of August until the 3d of September, the division was almost continually on the march and under fire. They
were much exhausted, and somewhat demoralized. I was taken sick on the 3d of September, and had every symptom of
pneumonia. I had so far recovered, however, as to resume the inarch on Saturday, the Gth, when we left Hall's hill, crossing
the Potomac, over Aqueduct bridge, passing through Washington at 11 o'clock that night. On Sunday, the 7th, the troops went
into camp near Leesboro', twelve miles north of Washington, where they remained until night. I was again taken sick on
the 7th, and, not being able to resume the march, I was sent to Washington in an ambulance. I continued sick until the 22d
of October, at which time I rejoined the division of General Ricketts, then encamped near Sharpsburg, Maryland. The troops
at this time were much exhausted from long marches and the fatigues of the recent battles in which they had been engaged in
Maryland. I remained with the command until the 25th of October, when I was ordered to report to Medical Director J. J.
Milhau, at Frederick, Maryland, as acting medical inspector. While on this duty, I inspected the hospitals at Frederick,
Middletown, Boonsboro', Smoketown, Locust Springs, Sharpsburg, Williamsport, Hagerstown, Berlin and Harper's Ferry.
Tents were chiefly used for hospital purposes at these places. The hospitals at Frederick, Smoketown and Locust Springs
were admirably arranged for the accommodation of the sick and wounded."
XCIX. Extract from a Report to the Surgeon General. By Assistant Surgeon WM. P. GKIER,
U. S. Army.
"After the battle of Cedar Mountain, the wounded were carried from the field to the town of Culpepper in
ambulances, a distance of six miles. They were placed in various buildings, which had been taken for temporary hospitals.
The battle was fought on Saturday, August 9th, and by Monday night, the llth, all the wounded had been removed to these
hospitals. The general hospitals to which they were conveyed from Culpepper were the Marshall House and Mansion House
in Alexandria. They were carried on freight cars, the floors being covered with straw. The first train left Culpepper early
Tuesday morning, August 12th, carrying four hundred and eighty wounded, and, it is worthy of notice, that there were among
them some twenty-five or thirty recent amputations of legs, thighs and arms, all performed the evening previous, that were
carried seventy miles, over a very rough and newly laid road, without any serious accident. The anaesthetic employed at
Culpepper was chloroform ; that which I have used in the general hospitals to which I have been attached has been a mixture
of ether and chloroform. I have never observed deaths from either of the above."
C. Report, with regard to the Removal of the Wounded, after the Second Battle of Manassas.
By Medical Inspector R. II. COOLIDGE, U. S. Army.
WASHINGTON, D. C., September 11, 1862.
GENERAL: In obedience to your orders, I left this city at midnight, August 30, 1862, and proceeded as rapidly as
possible to Centreville, Virginia, where, at six A. M., on Sunday, August 31st, I reported in person to Major General Pope, to
whom I exhibited my instructions. Acquainting myself as rapidly as possible with the situation of affairs, I decided upon the
following course : First, to remove the wounded from the hospitals at Bull Run, in advance of Centreville, and to transfer the
whole establishment, surgeons, nurses, cooks, cooking apparatus and medical supplies, to Fairfax Station, where there were
subsistence stores, and where the wounded could receive food and medical attendance before being transferred to the railroad
REPORT OF MEDICAL INSPECTOR COOLIDGE. 125
cars to be forwarded to this city. Medical Inspector Edward P. Vollum, who superintended the transfer, reports that it was
safely accomplished, and that the number removed was about twelve hundred. Finding it impossible, on account of the
presence of tlie enemy, to remove our wounded from Manassas Junction and Bristoe Station, I commenced emptying the over
crowded hospitals at Centreville, and placed the first train of ambulances in charge of Assistant Surgeon J. Cooper McKee,
with orders to remain at Fairfax Station, to superintend the transfer of wounded from the ambulances to the cars, and to send
back to me all ambulances as rapidly as possible. After giving these orders and seeing that they were being executed, I went
to Major General Pope and stated that I had been informed that a large number of our wounded were still lying on the battle
field, and requested that he would apply for a flag of truce, that they might be removed. The General made the application
immediately. The reply granting the flag was communicated to Medical Director McParlin, Sunday evening, too late to
proceed that night. I, however, ordered Medical Director McParlin to have his trains of ambulances ready, and to procure
from regiments, brigades and divisions the necessary detail of surgeons and assistants, the whole to move at six o'clock on
Monday morning. I also directed Surgeon Page and most of the medical officers sent by you from this city to accompany
Surgeon McParlin. The train of thirty-seven wagons, containing medical and hospital supplies dispatched by you on Saturday
night in charge of Assistant Surgeon Webster, arrived at a late hour on Sunday night. These wagons were unloaded at
Centreville, and sent to the battle-field with Surgeon McParlin, who took such of the supplies as he thought would be required,
and also his hospital supply wagon. It is to be remarked here that I had been officially informed that the army would remain
at Centreville; that I had no definite knowledge of the number of our wounded on the field, or their precise situation, and
intended keeping the trains moving as rapidly as possible between the battle-field and Centreville, expecting, in two days, to
complete their removal.
Of all the trains of ambulances sent to Fairfax Station on Sunday, but one returned, and that was sent to the battle-field.
On Monday, judging from the movements around me that the army would fall back, I applied to Colonel Ruggles, Assistant
Adjutant General and Chief of Staff, who informed me that while he thought the army would full back, it was not yet so
decided. I then asked that I might be informed as soon as the decision was made. Early Monday evening, I think
about seven o'clock, I went to Major General Pope, stated my impressions from what I heard and saw, that the army was
retiring, referred to the nature of my orders from you, and asked whether I should accompany him, or remain with the
wounded, and send his medical director, Surgeon McParlin, to him. The General decided I should send Medical Director Mc-
Purlin to him, and remain myself with the wounded. The General also stated to me that he had no intention of leaving this
place (Centreville); that the old Braddock road to Fairfax Station was open, and that my ambulances should be sent that way.
During both Sunday and Monday, I had made repeated efforts to procure subsistence stores. So far as I could ascertain, there
were none at Centreville. Colonel E. G. Beckwith, chief commissary, gave me an order on any commissary I could find for
one beef, which I procured on Monday morning. I also obtained some coffee, sugar, candles and hard bread. On Monday
night, when the wagons were passing through Centreville, Commissary Smith left with me a few subsistence stores. The first
train of ambulances arrived in Centreville from the battle-field on Monday evening. The wounded were fed with soup, coffee
and hard bread, furnished with blankets, and forwarded at daybreak, Tuesday morning, by the Braddock road. During the
night, all our troops left Centreville, and, on Tuesday morning, the place was occupied by the enemy. I had not deemed it
proper either to send back my hospital supplies or to destroy them, trusting that our wounded would have some benefit from them,
even after they had passed from my control. The result did not disappoint my expectations. Of the four thousand blankets
you sent to me, two thousand at least were used for our wounded, and the requisitions of the medical officers at Centreville for
medical and hospital stores for immediate use, including concentrated beef essence, mutton broth, extract of coffee, sugar and
milk, milk in cans, crackers, brandy, whiskey, wine and tea, were promptly complied with. On Tuesday morning, after the
occupation of Centreville by the rebel troops, I received from Medical Director McParlin a requisition for subsistence for one
thousand five hundred men, and a note describing the destitute condition of our wounded on the field. This was the first
information I had received concerning the situation of our wounded beyond Centreville. Their number was much greater than
I had been led to believe, and the situation far more critical. The hospital stores at Centreville were not more than enough for
the wounded there, and I had no means of sending anything to the battle-field. I stated the emergency to Major Talcot and
Captain Johnson, officers of the engineer corps of the Confederate army, who had arrived in Centreville, and suggested, if not
improper, that I might accompany them to General Lee's headquarters, in the hope of obtaining permission to pass through
his lines to our own and return with ambulances and provisions. Those officers assented readily to my proposition, and I
accompanied them to the headquarters of their army. I did not speak with General Lee, nor do I know in what words Major
Talcot communicated to him the object of my visit. The reply brought to me was that General Lee had communicated with
Major General Pope, and that our ambulances would be allowed to pass. I was also informed that one hundred and fifty
ambulances had passed through their lines that day. With this information, I returned to Centreviile, expecting to find
ambulances, but found only one, the driver of which said he had started with a large train, but did not know where the rest had
gone. I now endeavored to hire a wagon to convey a few stores to the field, and intended to go there myself, but before I could
get a wagon, Medical Director McParlin came to Centreville, in obedience to my order for him to report to Major General Pope.
The conduct of affairs on the field had been entrusted to Surgeon Charles Page. Medical Director McParlin was accompanied
by Medical Director L. Guild, of the army of northern Virginia. The accounts given by these officers of the situation of our
wounded were distressing. I stated to them what I had done. On consultation, it was determined that I should address a
letter to the commander of the Confederate army, stating the situation, and asking that both subsistence and ambulances be
allowed to pass to us. Medical Director Guild also wrote to his commanding general, and the two letters were sent forward
that night by a special courier. The reply received by Medical Director Guild on Wednesday morning, written by Colonel K.
H. Chilton, Assistant Adjutant General, C. S. A., was indefinite as to my main inquiry concerning provisions being allowed to
pass, but it directed Medical Director Guild to furnish subsistence for our wounded as far as possible, and gave the route for our
ambulances to take, in going out, viz. : by Centreville, the main road to Fairfax Court-house and Alexandria. After reading
Colonel Chilton's communication, I addressed a letter to you, which was forwarded by Medical Director Guild. Believing that
126 APPENDED DOCUMENTS SECOND BULL RUN.
I had done all in my power to procure subsistence, I proceeded, in company with Medical Director McParlin (it being
impracticable for him to join Major General Pope) and Medical Director Guild, to the central depot of our wounded on the battle
field, where I found two ambulances, which I sent to Centreville for hospital stores and blankets, and then rode over the entire
field, to ascertain the situation and condition of our wounded. At (his time, Wednesday afternoon, September 3d, they had been
collected in field hospitals, most of them in and around houses, but some merely in groups at selected sites on the field, without
other shelter than blankets. Only two of these hospitals were without medical officers; they had been visited by the surgeon of
the central station, and had a few nurses. There were about thirty wounded in each. After my arrival on the field, only four
of our wounded were found completely isolated and without attendance. None had been absolutely without food, though the
amount was extremely limited. Those who had been collected in the vicinity of houses had found provisions on which they
had subsisted. In some instances, the surgeons had succeeded in procuring a sheep or a pig and some corn-meal, and in one
place, the Van Pelt house, the surgeons found coffee, sugar, cider, wine, and were able to 'procure meat. Although doubtful of
the propriety of so doing, I accepted the invitation to pass the night with Medical Director Guild at his camp on the battle-field.
The result was, as I had hoped, beneficial to my wounded. It enabled me to have two ambulances, which had returned empty
from Centreville, filled with hospital stores and blankets from the supplies that had been conveyed from Centreville to the camp
of Medical Director Guild, and, during our ride over the field, three small beeves were purchased by that officer and ordered to
be delivered to me the next morning. On Thursday morning, the first train of ambulances from this city arrived on the field,
with fresh bread and an abundant and varied supply of food and hospital stores. I instantly dispatched the ambulances, with
provisions, in every direction over the field, to bring to the central station all who were without some shelter. A few ambulances
were employed in conveying stores and food to the several field depots, and fresh beef Avas sent to Centreville. From that
moment, trains of ambulances, each with food and stores, arrived in rapid succession. The supply was superabundant. The
bread which otherwise would have spoiled, and one of the beeves which I did not need, and which I could not feed, were given
to the 139th Pennsylvania Volunteers, which had come to bury our dead, and had failed to bring rations. My great difficulty
now was to feed the wounded with the abundant stores at my command. All my nurses and attendants were exhausted by
their labors. They could hardly be urged to the necessary effort. Nevertheless, with the aid of some self-denying and noble
hearted citizens, volunteer nurses, who remained to the last, and by the indefatigable industry and attention of the medical staff,
I believe no one suffered for water, for food or for medical attendance. Each train of ambulances was supplied with an
abundance of mutton broth, extracts of beef and of coffee, canned milk, bread and water for the journey. All the wounded
were fed just before starting, and directions given to feed them on the road, the train to be halted, so that water could be boiled
wherewith to make soup and coffee from the prepared essences and extracts. One soldier, whom it was impossible otherwise to
move, was brought to this city under the influence of chloroform administered on the road by Assistant Surgeon Clarke, U. S. V.
The removal of our wounded from the battle-field was completed Tuesday afternoon, the 9th instant, and the last trains of
ambulances arrived at Fairfax Seminary hospital early Wednesday morning.
In conclusion, I submit the following remarks: If I had been informed that Centreville was to be evacuated by our
forces, I would have had the little subsistence remaining in that place conveyed to the field before the army retired. The large
supply of blankets and hospital stores Bent by you from this city on Saturday evening, August 30th, saved the lives of hundreds
of our wounded; indeed, without these supplies many must have died from exposure and starvation on Moirday, Tuesday and
Wednesday, September 1st, 2d and 3d. As it was, I believe the number of deaths, fairly attributable to want of food and
exposure, is very small indeed. My retaining the medical and hospital stores and allowing them to fall into the hands of the
enemy was well for our wounded, who received all the stores that the medical officers applied for, as necessary for immediate
use, and nearly, if not quite, half of the blankets. The medical officers applied themselves to their duties with an energy and
devotedness worthy of all praise, and it was only when completely exhausted that they ceased from their fatiguing labors.
The corps of citizen surgeons, under Dr. Detmold, rendered efficient service for two days, when they were no longer needed,
the greater portion of the wounded having been removed. I must bear testimony to the heroic fortitude of our wounded soldiers.
All appreciated the difficulties of their situation, and uncomplainingly awaited that relief which they were confident their govern
ment would provide. The relief came at the moment when hope had almost deserted them. The unexpended hospital stores
were brought back to this city, as was also a large portion of the commissary stores. A quantity of subsistence stores, for
which I had no transportation, was distributed among the citizens whose premises had been occupied by our wounded. Our
wounded were collected in twenty-one field hospitals, within an area ten miles long by seven wide. It was impossible to
ascertain, with precision, the number of wounded; but, from the data in my possession, I estimate it to be four thousand. I
cannot close this report without commenting on the conduct of the ambulance drivers. It was with the greatest difficulty that I
could put a reasonable limit to their stealing from my commissary and hospital stores. Some would appropriate, to their own
use, hospital blankets, and be highly insolent when they were taken away for the wounded. Very few would assist in placing
the wounded in their ambulances; still fewer could be induced to assist in feeding them or giving them water. Some were
drunk; many were insubordinate; others when detected with provisions or stores would not surrender them until compelled to
by physical force. The practice of loading ambulances with forage, camp-kettles, personal baggage and subsistence for the
drivers needs a corrective. These things occupy space required for the wounded and greatly interfere with their comfort.
A wagon with stores and forage should accompany every train of fifty ambulances, and nothing but sick and wounded men and
water should be put in the vehicles themselves. The service greatly needs a well organized ambulance corps, and I hope the
Secretary of War will adopt the organization you have recommended.
Your obedient servant,
RICHARD H. COOLIDGE,
Medical Inspector U. S. A.
To the SURGEON GENERAL ov THE ARMY.
REPORTS OF SURGEONS WOODWARD, FOYE, AND REILY. 127
CI. Memorandum with regard to the Removal of the Wounded after the Second Battle of
Manassas. By Assistant Surgeon J. J. WOODWARD, U. S. Army.
" On the afternoon of Thursday, September 4, 1862, I was requested by the Surgeon General to collect and take charge
of such hacks, omnibuses and other vehicles as could be collected in the city of Washington, and to proceed with them to
Centreville for the relief of the wounded. The vehicles having been collected by a company of cavalry, a few army wagons
loaded with cooked provisions and other supplies were added, and we set out about eleven o'clock, Thursday night, the train
consisting of about one hundred hacks, forty omnibuses, wagons and other vehicles, and half a dozen army wagons. We
arrived at Centreville about noon next day, and, having been permitted to pass by the Confederate officer in command, reached
the orchard where most of the wounded were congregated the same afternoon. During the following day, the train was loaded
with wounded, some six or seven hundred in number, and reached Washington with them about daybreak, Sunday morning.''
CIL Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Surgeon
JOHN W. FOYE, U. S. Volunteers.
" On the 23d of August, our division disembarked at Alexandria, on its way to reinforce General Pope, and,
on the evening of the 25th, proceeded by rail to Warrenton Junction, reaching that point at two o'clock A. M., August 2Cth.
Our trains and horses were en route by transports from the Peninsula ; hence, our camp equipage, which accompanied us by
rail to the junction, was discharged there, and, two days later, destroyed by order. The execution of this order involved the
loss of all our hospital property, including books, records, etc., from the formation of the regiment to date. The same day, I
received orders from the surgeon in chief of the division to proceed with dispatch to Alexandria, there to procure supplies, a
battle being imminent. I boarded the train at five P. M., and proceeded as far as Bristoe Station, at which point it received
the fire of two companies of Stuart's cavalry, deployed as skirmishers, and five regiments of Louisiana infantry, in line of battle.
The train, which consisted of ordinary freight cars, was thrown from the track while at full speed, and, during the night, was
destroyed by its captors. In addition to the engineer, fireman and brakesman, the train carried seven passengers, five of whom
were killed by the enemy's fire ; at least I was so informed by the commandant of the attacking party on the following morning.
Wednesday, August 27th, at about eight A. M., a company of the 12th Pennsylvania Cavalry, who had been absent two days
on a scout, were returning to their encampment near Bristoe, and unaware of the changes which had occurred during their
absence, they obtained a dangerous proximity to the enemy before discovering his presence. They then formed, but receiving
the fire from a section of field artillery at five hundred yards, became disorganized, and were immediately attacked and routed.
I asked for and obtained permission from Major Wheat, provost marshal of Jackson's command, to attend the wounded
captured in this affair, but the want of appliances limited my treatment. In the fight which followed that day at Bristoe
Station, the number of Union prisoners was augmented, although the Confederate troops were being gradually forced back
toward Manassas. Such of them as were wounded were turned over to my care ; but at sunset, unable longer to hold the
field, they paroled the wounded, taking the officers and uninjured to Manassas. At five A. M., August 23th, the prisoners
followed the main body of Jackson's command towards Centreville. crossing Bull Run at Blackurn's Ford, and going across
the country by a circuitous route to Sudley church, which they reached at about five o'clock p. M. The privates were then
paroled, but the officers were all retained. About sunset, a brisk skirmish occurred on the western edge of the Bull Run field
in which some thirty Confederates were wounded. The church was immediately fitted up by order of Surgeon McGuire,
medical director of Jackson's command, and I obtained permission of him to attend the wounded of my own army, should
any be brought in. On the following morning, the second battle of Manassas commenced, and a second time I saw the church
filled with wounded. At ten A. M., the enemy having been steadily forced back towards the church, it became untenable, the
wounded were hastily removed across the ford, and the enemy's wagons, thirty in number, were started in the direction of Aldie
at a rapid rate. The prisoners, myself included, followed the train under a strong guard, reaching Aldie at four r. M. Here
we remained until Sunday, the 31st, when we were again brought back to Sudley's Ford. We here made application to go on
the field, under a guard, and bury our dead, which was refused. We remained at the ford during Monday, September 1st.
The same day, we were joined by thirty officers and twelve hundred and fifty privates, captured during the fight and the day
following. The privates were all paroled, the officers taken to Richmond, starting at daybreak, September 2d. The night
before, I obtained my release, and accompanied the paroled men to Saltillo farm, near the scene of the Chantilly battle. The
men were here ordered back to Centreville, and I was allowed to go to Chantilly, to look after our wounded there. Assisted
by the Surgeon of the Brooklyn Zouaves, the wrants of the wounded were attended to, food given them, and their wounds
dressed. I obtained a pass from Fitzhugh Lee, and started for Washington by the way of Fairfax. September 3d, I reported
in person at the Surgeon General's Office, and learned that a train of ambulances, under the direction of Assistant Surgeon
Byrne, U. S. A., was then fitting for the battle-field.
On the following day, I reported to my regiment, near Alexandria, and learned its loss in the three battles, viz., Bristoe
Station, August 27th, Manassas, August 29th, and Chantilly, September 1st, to be thirteen killed and about seventy wounded,
including, in the former number, three officers. The strength of the command, on the first day's fight, was about five hundred
and fifty."
CHI. Third Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant
Surgeon JOHN T. REILY, U. S. Army.
"On the 30th of August, 1862, the command was ordered to move up the road towai-ds Centreville, and
marched five miles, when it went into camp and remained until eight o'clock on the next morning, when the march was
continued till we arrived at Centreville, about four P. M. The battle of Bull Run, which had commenced the day previous, was
128 APPENDED DOCUMENTS SECOND BULL EUN.
going on at that time, and artillery firing had been heard by us while on the march. During the day, we met many stragglers,
the number increasing as we approached Centreville. Having halted a short time, the command was ordered to move in the
direction of Bull Run, and advanced about two miles to Cub Run, a very difficult stream for the passage of artillery under
ordinary circumstances ; but when the road was filled with straggling fugitives who were moving to the rear as fast as possible,
it was almost impracticable. A considerable time was consequently occupied in getting the guns in position on the opposite
side of the stream, where it was expected they would be used, supported by the infantry of the division which had crossed to
the left of the battery, to cover the retreat of the army then coming in in great disorder. The condition of the retreating troops
was such, however, as to prevent using the guns without firing upon them. As soon as the disorganized mass of men had passed,
the regular infantry, under General Sykes, came in, covering the retreat, and the command was immediately ordered to fall back
to Centreville, where it arrived about nine p. M., taking position on the hill to the left of the town. So much disorder prevailed
among the troops which had been engaged that no effort was made to remove the wounded from the field until the following
day, when Medical Inspector Coolidge, detailed surgeons and assistants, with hospital supplies, to visit and relieve the sick
and wounded who were left behind. About seven o'clock, on the same day, the command was ordered to move toward
Fairfax Court-house, and reached that place before daylight next morning ; the troops were greatly fatigued. The line of
march was resumed next morning, and the command reached Alexandria at night, camping in the same position it had occupied
three days previous. The health of the troops did not seem to be affected by the rapid march they had made." * * *
CIV. Third Extract from a Personal Contribution to the Medical and Surgical History of
the Rebellion. By Assistant Surgeon A. A. WOODHULL, U. S. Army.
* * * u pa]m0uth, Virginia, was reached August 21st by the battalion with which I was serving, and, after a very
fatiguing march, we attained Manassas Junction on the 23d. It was engaged on the 30th. Its discipline was conspicuous; its
strength was three hundred and ten. Two positions were occupied: one in the centre, where a few were lost, and afterwards
on the left of the new line, checking the rebels in their flank movements. The very severely wounded were left on the field.
But one or two litters were with the battalion, and they were ineffective. The chief loss was from musketry at short range.
Many of the wounded were removed to Centreville, but sufficient supplies were long in reaching those abandoned. The
casualties of the battalion were eighty-five, being twenty-seven per centum of the strength. The next day but one, the 6th
Infantry fell under my care, and remained so until November. There were no ambulances with the division from the evacuation
of the Peninsula until we entered Maryland.
CV. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services. By Assistant Surgeon J. THEODORE
CALHOUN, U. S. Army.
* " Embarking at Yorktown on transports, my regiment, the 5th Excelsior, was transferred to Alexandria, and
marched to the outskirts of the city on the Fairfax pike. Remaining there but one day, we were hurriedly put on cars at night
fall, and, in the middle of the night, were disembarked at Warrenton Junction. * Remaining one day at the Junction, on
the 27th of August, we learned that the enemy were in our rear, and accordingly took up the line of march, on the Orange and
Alexandria railroad, toward Manassas, leaving our baggage unpacked. Driving a line of the enemy's skirmishers before us,
we advanced through Catlett's and across Kettle Run, to find the enemy strongly posted about a half a mile from Bristoe Station.
The battle which ensued was short, but severe. Our loss was very large; and, though the action lasted less than half an hour,
my own regiment lost a third of its men, killed and wounded, and eight out of thirteen of its officers. * * I dispatched the
wounded to the rear as fast as possible, and, after the action, repaired to the hospital, about one-fourth of a mile distant, and
aided in performing the necessary operations. Two days subsequently, our division engaged the enemy at Bull Run for two
successive days, my own regiment losing nearly half of its men, killed or wounded. The hospital was situated on the banks
of one of the little tributaries of Bull Run, and, subsequently, on the banks of the Run itself. As most of the men of my
regiment were lost in the first day's fighting, the wounded, except a few left in the hands of the enemy, were properly attended
to and sent to the rear before the retreat to Centreville heights. At the battle of Chantilly, which took place in a drenching
rain a few days afterwards, I was present with my regiment, which suffered no casualties.
The division moved from Chantilly, via Fairfax Court-house, Fairfax Station and Pohick church, to Alexandria, and,
being reduced to a mere skeleton, went into camp near Fort Lyons to recruit and reorganize.
At the battles of Bristoe, Bull Run and Chantilly, I had, besides my own regiment, charge of the 1st Excelsior regiment,
which was without a medical officer, and, at Alexandria, I, for a long time, had charge of three, and, at one time, of four
regiments, owing to the absence of their medical officers."
CYI. Third Extract from Memoranda for the Surgical History of the War. By Assistant
Surgeon B. HOWARD, U. S. Army.
" On the evening of the 30th of August, 1862, the army had retreated from the field, the headquarters of the
general commanding being at Centreville. No field hospitals were established in the town, but all available houses and the
churches were filled with wounded. The supplies here seemed adequate to the immediate necessities of those in the town.
The great majority of the wounded, however, were left on the field in the vicinity of Bull Run. Early on the morning of
September 1st, Surgeon McParlin, U. S. A., medical director, proceeded to the field, under a flag of truce, with a large number
of surgeons detailed for the purpose, and all the ambulances which were available. A peach orchard, on the right of Warrenton
turnpike, about a quarter of a mile north of the Orange and Alexandria railroad, was made the rendezvous whither the
REPORTS OF SURGEONS SMITH AND LEE. 129
surgeons were directed to bring the wounded. Many surgeons, however, in charge of ambulance trains, proceeded to Centreville
as soon as their ambulances were loaded; this caused a scarcity of ambulances and of surgeons, so much so that it was with
very great difliculty that those detailed as operators could get necessary assistants, and they had to rely mainly upon unpro
fessional persons for help in the most difficult cases. The battle commenced on the 28th, and continued until the evening of the
3llth. All the wounded were not brought in until the 8th of September. Some of them stated that they had received no food,
drink or assistance from the time they fell until brought off by the ambulances, giving a mean of four and a half days without
food. Some shared the meagre fare of straggling rebels. On the evening of Tuesday, the 2d, there arose very heavy thunder
storms, which were repeated the next two days, drenching the wounded. Of those brought to the peach orchard, with few
exceptions, all were submitted to the necessary operations before further removal. The hot sun and drenching showers
alternated to the great discomfort of the patients, but the most painful consideration was how to appease their hunger and save
them and ourselves from starvation. Supplies had been forbidden to come with the flag of truce, and those which were being
sent in abundance from Washington were secured by the enemy for their own wounded. On September 3d, there were
about three thousand wounded on the field, but still no food; everybody suffered from hunger; and, although constantly
operating, I had only a little tea, brandy and sugar. : Shortly after, a train of ambulances arrived. Supplies of every
sort now abounded, and all the remaining wounded were conveyed in ambulances to Washington on Saturday and Monday, the
6th and 8th. Both amputations and resections were performed on the field; the former, both circular and flap; and, among
other operations, amputations of the knee joint with and without inclusion of the patella."
CYII. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant
Surgeon A. H. SMITH, U. S. Army.
* * * "\Ve reached the battle-field of Cedar Mountain on the 9th of August, after the firing had ceased. I spent
the following night in assisting in the attendance upon the wounded of Banks's Corps, who were at a house near where our
regiment lay. I extracted a considerable number of balls, nearly all of which were round. I think none of the wounded
suffered from lack of attention or of proper appliances for their relief. I witnessed the artillery fight at Rappahannock bridge,
but none of the wounded came under my observation. During the severe fighting on the 30th of August, our brigade
(Towers's, of General Ricketts's division) was on the left of the line. Early in the engagement, I was separated from the
command by large masses of troops, which intervened while I stopped to attend those who fell before the regiment got into
position. In a few moments, the enemy had gained a position in the rear of our left, and were sweeping the ground with shell
and round shot. From the position I occupied, I could distinguish our brigade by its flag, surrounded by the enemy on three
sides, and receiving a heavy fire at a distance of seventy-five or a hundred yards. Finding I could render no assistance to the
wounded where I was, with any safety to them or to myself, I set out for the general depot for the wounded, about half a mile
to the rear. Just as I reached it, the last of the wounded were being removed, the enemy's shells tearing up the earth in
every direction around the tents. The left wing was, by this time, in full retreat, and I was carried along with it over Bull Run.
The first house on the left of the Centreville turnpike was filled with wounded, and from twenty-five to thirty were lying in
the yard. Here I passed the night, extracting balls, applying water dressings and distributing morphine. Towards morning,
a cold rain set in, but there was, fortunately, a quantity of loose boards at hand, with which shelters were contrived, affording
partial protection to the wounded. ' ; On Monday morning, I went from Centreville to the field with the flag of truce. It
was supposed, when we left Centreville, that all the wounded would be removed that day. The ambulances, said to be two
hundred in number, remained, however, until nearly night, when they were loaded and sent away, taking but a portion of the
wounded. Nothing more was seen of them until Thursday morning. On that portion of the field where our brigade was
engaged, I found from sixty to seventy of its wounded. During the first day, assisted by Dr. Shackelford, of the 94th New York
Volunteers, I succeeded in getting many of the wounded on that portion of the field collected into groups, and a part of them
removed to the shade of a neighboring wood. Before night, nearly every one of the ninety soldiers who had been brought
with the train to assist in removing the wounded had deserted. It was said that they went to Gainesville and were paroled.
Dr. Shackelford and I were the only unwounded persons on that part of the field. It rained heavily just at dark, and the
rain was followed by a cold wind. We passed the greater part of the night in carrying rails to build fires, and in distributing
soup, brandy and morphine. The sufferers were cheered with the assurance that the ambulances would return in the morning.
In this hope, we were disappointed, and all suffered from hunger, after the handful of bread brought with us was exhausted.
There was then nothing to eat but concentrated beef essence, which was so flavored that the enfeebled stomachs of the
wounded rebelled against it, even when greatly diluted. I was enabled to obtain a small quantity of stimulants, scarcely
enough to give a taste to each one who required it. There was, however, an ample supply of tea, and a camp-kettle found on
the field supplied us with the means of preparing it. A few blankets had been brought with the ambulances, but they were
immediately distributed to the wounded near the centre of the field, and we were unable to procure any for the more distant
point at which we were occupied. The nights were cold, and, hut for the fires kept continually burning, the wounded must
have suffered greatly. Between Monday morning and Thursday night, numerous amputations were performed at the
central depot by the surgeons detailed for that purpose. I amputated a thigh on Monday, expecting that the patient would be
sent to Washington the same day, but, afterwards, in view of the privations which had preceded and seemed likely to follow,
I retrained from anything causing a further tax upon the vital powers of the wounded. The cast- in which I operated proved
fatal on Friday. Of the mortality among those amputated by others, I have no means of judging. On Thursday morning, the
ambulances returned, and brought an abundant supply of everything which the occasion demanded On Friday, the wounded
were removed from the field. Of three hundred and thirty men who went into action, the 94th New York lost, to the best of
my knowledge, one hundred and sixty killed and wounded."
130 APPENDED DOCUMENTS BATTLE OF FREDEEICKSBUEG.
CVIII. Extract from a Narrative of his Services. By Assistant Surgeon CHARLES C. LEE,
U. S. Army.
* "On entering the army, in the beginning of November, 1862, I was ordered by the Surgeon General to report
for duty to the medical director of the army of the Potomac. By Doctor Letterman, I was assigned to duty at the headquarters
of the army of the Potomac, and remained connected with the medical director's office until the middle of January, 1863.
During this period, no military events of importance occurred, except the transfer of the army from Warrenton to Fredericksburg
by General Burnside, and the battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862, under the same commander.
In this battle, which may be said to have lasted three days, beginning with the bombardment of the town, December llth,
an attempt was unsuccessfully made to dislodge the rebel army from the heights of Fredericksburg by our right and centre,
while our left, under General Franklin, should penetrate their extreme right, and cut off their retreat. In the efforts to bridge
the Eappahannock, on December llth, General Franklin alone succeeded in laying pontoons. On the right, the enemy's
sharpshooters, protected by the houses along the bank, kept our engineers at bay, in spite of the continued bombardment of the
town. On the following day, little or nothing was done, on account of the dense fog that obscured everything. At daybreak,
on December 13th, two pontoon bridges were laid opposite the town. Our troops crossed, and met with comparatively little
opposition until they attempted to storm the heights. These attempts were continued until late in the evening, with what
disastrous result is known to all. Though repulsed from the heights, they held possession of the town, where all the wounded
from our right and centre were collected in the churches and other temporary hospitals ; and in this condition, constantly
expecting another attack, we remained December 14th and 15th. On the afternoon of the 15th, the medical director transmitted
an order from the commanding general to remove all the wounded immediately across the Eappahannock. By means of the
ambulances, this was done as rapidly as possible during the same afternoon and evening, and the following night the entire
army recrossed in safety to their former camps. * * The wounded were conveyed to the division hospitals previously organized
by the medical director. Five series of these, belonging, respectively, to the First, Second, Fifth, Sixth and Ninth Corps, were
soon in operation at convenient points within half a mile or a mile of the river. Full details of medical officers and attendants
had been appointed, and as every officer knew his place and his duties, the wounded were soon made comfortable. The supply
of water, soups and food was not only abundant, but of excellent quality. * * The artillery fire to Avhich the men had been
exposed was mainly shell and canister, but little grape or solid shot being used. During a part of the day, the musketry fire
was also very heavy, and most of the wounds thus resulting were made by the conoidal bullet. Both the artillery and musketry
fire were at very short range. The wounded were kept in the division hospital for nearly two weeks, from the 13th to the
25th of December, when, by order of the commanding general, they were sent to the general hospitals at Washington and at
Point Lookout, Maryland. The transportation, which was partly by ambulance, partly by railroad and partly by boat, was
tedious and harassing to the patients, although they were made as comfortable as the circumstances would permit. Most of
the operations were primary. As far as I could learn, they consisted entirely of amputations, exsections and a few cases
of ligation of arteries. No primary amputations or excisions were performed upon the field proper, as the hospital depots in
the town and by the river, in the rear of Franklin's grand division, were both easy of access and sheltered from the enemy's
fire. In the First Army Corps, amputations were especially numerous, over one hundred being reported within the first
forty-eight hours after the battle. A larger number of excisions of the elbow and shoulder joints were made than have been
reported from any previous engagement. The anaesthetic employed in almost every case was chloroform. I neither saw or
heard of any deaths from this agent, although special inquiries were made upon the subject. From reports made to the medical
director's office, the approximate number of casualties was estimated at seven thousand eight hundred. Of these, about five
thousand three hundred were wounded, and about two thousand five hundred killed.
About the middle of January, 1863, I was ordered by the medical director to proceed to Aquia Creek, to take charge
of the transportation of the sick, and to build a series of corps hospitals for the army on a site already selected. Here only a
few days were given to provide hospital accommodation for four thousand five hundred sick, of whom the army had to be
disencumbered, before a move projected by General Burnside could be effected. The difficulty of transportation, either by
land or water, to the hospitals, which were two miles from Aquia Creek, rendered it impossible to push on the work as rapidly
as was desired. A large number of patients were sent before the hospitals were ready to receive them, and great confusion among
the officers and suffering among the patients was the consequence. These hospitals were kept in operation between two and
three months, when they were broken up, and the sick transferred to Washington." *
CIX. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant
Surgeon II. S. SCHELL, U. S. Army.
"On the llth of December, the batteries with which I was serving commenced firing upon Fredericksburg, to
cover the crossing of our troops. The pontoon bridges were thrown across late in the afternoon. On the 13th, we crossed the
river into the town, and attacked the enemy. The men were mostly in good spirits. The batteries averaged four officers and
one hundred and forty men. The supplies of medicines, hospital stores, ambulances and hospital tents exceeded anything I had
ever before seen. The wounded were taken immediately to the houses in Fredericksburg in ambulances, and received careful
attention. The supplies of water, food and soups were abundant, and the wounded were not exposed at all to the weather.
The division was under the fire of artillery and musketry about three hours. The small arm used by the enemy was principally
the rilled musket, with conoidal ball. On the 15th, our wounded were sent across the river, placed in hospital tents, and
finally sent to Washington, a week or ten days afterwards, by means of the cars and steamboats. A very large number of
primary amputations was performed here, together with a few exsections. Chloroform was used freely, without any bad result.
The batteries lost three men. The division with which they were serving was about seven hundred strong. On the morning
of the 16th, at daybreak, we recrossed the river, and occupied our old camp."
EFFORT OF SURGEON J. T. HEARD, U. S. V. . 131
CX. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. 13 y Surgeon J. T.
HEARD, U. S. Volunteers.
* * * "At daylight, on the llth of December, 1862, the left grand division of the army of the Potomac, commanded
by Major General Franklin, and composed of the First Army Corps. Brigadier General John F. Reynolds, and the Sixth Army
Corps, Major General W. F. Smith, broke camp near White Oak church, Virginia, moving to within a mile of the Rappaliannock
river, at a point. three miles below the city of Fredericksburg, forming the extreme left of the army. Having reached this point,
a construction party, consisting of the 150th New York Volunteers, commenced to lay two pontoon bridges, which were
completed the same afternoon, with but little opposition from the enemy. The troops were now moved up, and one brigade of
the Sixth Corps thrown over the river, the remaining force bivouacking on the north side. Before day, on the 12th of December,
the troops were once more in motion ; the whole of the left grand division crossed the bridges and moved to the left down the
river, forming in line of battle to the left and front of the large stone house of Mr. Bernard, which was about one hundred yards
from the river. Pickets were thrown out nearly to the Bowling Green road in front, and on the left as far as the brick house
known as Smitbfield's. The First Corps was on the left; the Sixth Corps, on (he right and somewhat in rear. Batteries were
posted on the north bank of the river, on the extreme left of the First Corps, in order to protect that flank. The ground occupied,
by the left grand division was a large open plain, about two miles in breadth and three or four miles in length, so level that nearly
all the troops could be seen from any given point. This flat was founded on the north by the Rappahannock, and along its
south side was a range of wooded hills occupied by the enemy, who was strongly entrenched. The plain was crossed
longitudinally, near its centre, by the Bowling Green road, and consisted, for the most part, of ploughed fields, rendering the
rapid movements of artillery and infantry very laborious. During the afternoon, a few shells were thrown by the enemy, with
but little or no effect, their object evidently being to reach the bridges. During the night and early the next morning, our left
was extended to several hundred yards below the Smithfield house. The men of the command were in excellent spirits and
condition. The approximate strength of the First Corps was sixteen thousand men.
During the evening of the 12th of December, the three division hospitals were located, the medical officers having been
previously detailed, in accordance with the circular of October 30, 1852, from the headquarters of the army. Each regiment
was provided with two hospital tents. Beef stock, tea, coffee, etc., were in the ambulances in abundance. The ambulance
corps was organized, as per order, on the basis of three ambulances to a regiment. Each ambulance was provided with two
stretchers and two attendants besides the driver. The hospital of the 1st division was established at the Smithfield house, on
Pratt's farm, directly in rear of the troops of that division, and some thirty-five hundred yards from the heights occupied by the
enemy. The 2d division hospital was situated at and about the house of Mr. Pollock, on the north bank of the river, and a short
distance below the pontoons. The 3d division hospital was temporarily formed in a ravine above and to the rear of the Smithfield
house, it being the intention, if our troops were successful in forcing the enemy from the heights, to occupy several houses on
the crest just above the ravine. An ambulance station was established on the south bank of the river behind the Bernard
house, to which the wounded of the 2d division were directed to be conveyed on stretchers, and immediately taken over the
river in ambulances to the hospital of that division, the 1st and 3d division hospitals were so near the field that stretchers only
were needed to convey the wounded. At the time of crossing the river, also during the whole of the battle of the 13th, one assistant
surgeon and six men, with three stretchers, closely followed each regiment of the corps, performing excellent service, and
showing beyond doubt the efficiency of the organization. At daylight, on the 13th of December, the troops of this grand
division were in line of battle. The 1st division of this corps was on the left, and not actively engaged during the day; the 3d
division, in the centre; the 2d -division, on the right; and the Sixth Corps, with Brigadier General Birney's division of the Third
Corps, in reserve. Our pickets, as before stated, rested on or near to the Bowling Green road, the enemy's pickets occupying the
opposite side of the road. At half past nine A M., the thick fog which had enveloped both armies lifted; at the same time, our
skirmishers were advanced, batteries quickly placed in position and the engagement commenced. The artillery fire was very
heavy, the guns on both sides being served with great skill. The distance of the rebel batteries from our troops ranged from
fifteen hundred to three thousand yards. For several hours, the wounds were occasioned almost entirely by shell. Shortly
after noon, the 3d division charged the enemy in the woods and on the heights opposite the Bernard house, running completely
over two or three rebel regiments with arms stacked ; not being supported, however, our men were obliged to fall back. From
this time, the character of the wounds of those conveyed to hospital changed, wounds from rifle balls being now the most prevalent.
Apparently the arm used by the enemy was the improved rifle, with the conoidal ball ; there were, however, a number wounded
by buck and ball, as has been the case in all our engagements. The artillery fire continued until after dark, when our position
was nearly the same as that occupied by us in the morning; perhaps a little advanced.
Almost at the first fire, cooking commenced at the hospitals, and the wounded, as quickly as brought in, were, if necessary,
supplied with hot soup and coffee. Water was abundant. The operations wen; principally primary amputations. Chloroform
was administered in every operation ; no deaths took place from its use. As the position held by our troops had not materially
changed since morning, the enemy still holding the heights commanding the plain, and as, during the afternoon, the hospitals of
the 1st and 3d divisions had been uncomfortably hot, also as there was every prospect that the battle would be renewed the next
day, it was deemed best to remove the wounded in ambulances, under cover of the night, and re-establish the hospitals on the
north side of the river. This was successfully done. It is a great satisfaction to be able to state that all the wounded within
our lines were that night removed from the field and cared for. Fifteen hundred were received at the three division hospitals.
The 1st division hospital was re-established in a wood a quarter of a mile north of the river. The hospital tents were found
amply sufficient to cover all the wounded of that division. The 3d division hospital \v:is re-established about the house of Dr.
Monson, on the north bank of the river, directly in rear of the Smithfield house. Owing to the great number of wounded in
the 2d and 3d divisions, twenty extra tents were obtained from the post quartermaster at Falmouth Station. Supplies were
freely and easily obtained from the medical purveyor at the same place. The weather was remarkably warm and fine for the
season of the year. It was not until the wounded were sheltered that the rain fell. In no previous
132 APPENDED DOCUMENTS BATTLE OF FEEDEKICKSBUEG.
were the wounded so promptly and well cared for throughout the army as at Fredericks-burg. This was due to uniformity of
action. Every surgeon, hospital steward, nurse, cook and ambulance attendant was assigned his position and knew it. The
order organizing the ambulance corps, and the circular of October 30, 1&T>2, have been of immense advantage, and have
wrought a great change for the better in the operation of the medical department of this aimy. During the 14th and 15th of
December, the troops were under arms in the same position they occupied on the evening of the 13th, and about twelve o'clock,
on the night of the loth, they were withdrawn safely from the south side of the Kappahaunock. On the 16th, this corps went
into camp near Belle Plain Landing. On cr about the 19th of December, the removal of the wounded of this corps to
Washington commenced. By the 25th it was completed, and the division hospitals were broken up. The command remained
during the winter in camp near Belle Plain, Virginia."
CXI. Third Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Surgeon
JOHN W. FOYE, U. S. Volunteers.
"At the battle of Fredericksburg, the brigade with which I was serving crossed the river at the lower ford at
about eleven P. M. on the 12th of December, and, early the following morning, was moved to the left of the line, forming a part
of General Franklin's second line of attack. It was not engaged during the first day's fight. During the night, we relieved
the front line, and, on the morning of the 14th, acted as skirmishers, one company from each regiment being advanced for that
purpose. The brigade was, at this time, about two thousand* three hundred strong, its morale good, and at no time, since the
commencement of the rebellion, have we been so well supplied. The field hospital was placed on the western bank of the
river, completely sheltered from fire, and within one-third of a mile of our front line. Water, fuel and food were abundant,
and the weather fine. The wounded were taken to the rear of the third line of battle on stretchers, from thence to the field
hospital by ambulances. On the 13th, the musketry fire was very heavy, but with complete intermissions, the interval being
occupied by artillery. In the afternoon, at about four o'clock, the musketry became continuous at short range, and continued
till dark. On the 14th, in the morning, our skirmishers opened briskly, eliciting a desultory but effective fire from the sharp
shooters of the enemy posted in the wood. The Austrian and Enficld rifles were probably the arms used by their infantry.
The wounded were sent to Washington on the 16th, by rail to Aquia Creek, from thence by steamer. They had been fully
treated at the field hospital. Cases admitting of no doubt were operated upon, and stumps were dressed with a view to immediate
rail and river transportation. Chloroform was the only anaesthetic used. The casualties in the brigade were about seventy,
and were all received the secon 1 day while skirmishing."
CXIL Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon
C. BACON, U. S. Army.
"I remained at Frederick until November 21th, when I received orders for duty with the army of the Potomac,
then lying at Falmouth, Virginia. Arriving at this station, I was assigned to duty with the 1st battalion of the 14th Infantry,
1st brigade, 2d division, Fifth Army Corps. I found the battalion in a crowded division camp. The weather was cold, the
nights being especially severe. On December 5th, snow fell nearly all day. The day following was extremely cold. This
inclement weather found many of the men deficient in proper clothing, which, however, was speedily supplied. On Thursday
morning, December llth, the battalion moved from the camp, to participate in the advance upon Fredericksburg. The ground
was thoroughly frozen, and a slight sno'w remained upon it. Previous to leaving the camp, the stillness of the morning had
been broken by the cannonade, which was heard more distinctly as we approached Falmouth, and more rapid as the morning
advanced. By noon, we were resting on our arms a little below Falmouth, and nearly opposite the city. The night following
was intensely cold, so also was the night of the 12th. We remained in our position until the afternoon of the 13th, when orders
were received to move the division across the river, immediately at the city. Approaching the bridge, the command became
exposed to the enemy's cannon. Crossing, we were pushed rapidly to the front, for the purpose of renewing the assault upon
the rebel works. Darkness, however, intervened, preventing the assault, and the division was advanced to hold the line of
pickets immediately in front of the city. The day's battle had been productive of great losses. Numbers of the wounded still
lay upon the field. Fortunately, however, the night was mild. The following day, Sunday, was clear and warm. Almost
entire quiet prevailed on the part of both armies. During the night of Sunday, the division was withdrawn to the city.
Fredericksburg lies upon a plateau, which is the first of a series of shelves or terraces that rapidly succeed each other as
they recede from the river. Each successive terrace had been fortified by the enemy, thus commanding the position of our
army, which was chiefly massed in the city. Had the enemy turned his artillery upon the city, the effect would have been
most disastrous to us, and especially so, as our wounded still remained there. During Monday, the 15th, they were removed to
the opposite bank of the river. On the morning of the 16th, our army had effected the recrossing of the Rappahannock, and
my battalion returned to its former camp. My station for duty during the movement had been with the regiment; I, therefore,
had little opportunity to witness the character or results of wounds. The approximate strength of the regiment at the time
of action was six hundred and seventy men, of whom four were wounded. The wounded, on being removed to the opposite
side of the river, were, for the most part, placed in hospital tents, till they could be made ready for transportation. The supply
of medicines and food in the hands of the purveyor was abundant. * * The winter following was comparatively mild.
Little disease existed in the command. The men remained under shelter tents. These they raised from the ground ; many
making fires in their tents ; and, with beds made from the long grass of the flats, or the tips of branches of cedar, they were very
comfortable. The command participated in the attempted advance of the army to Banks's Ford, moving from camp on the 20th
of January, encountering an almost continuous rain storm for forty-eight hours, when, on account of the roads having become
utterly impassable, the advance was abandoned, and we returned to our previous camp on the 24th. Several cases of acute
rheumatism occurred during the movement .the result of exposure to the rain and cold. But one fatal case of disease occurred
in the battalion during our occupation of this camp site."
EEPORTS OF SURGEONS PETERS, GRUBE AND ADOLPHTJS. 133
CXIII. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon
DE WITT C. PETERS, U. S. Army.
* * * "The occurrence of the battle of Fredericksburg, in December, 1862, gave me the opportunity of being ordered
to the army of the Potomac, under General Burnside, where I reported to the medical director, Surgeon Jonathan Letterman,
U. S. A., and was detailed by him to take charge of about fifteen hundred wounded, and convey them to Washington. The
transportation from Falmouth to Aquia Creek was ample, but many of the cars consisted of simple platforms without covering,
and were ill adapted for transporting men badly wounded, especially in mid-winter; and, for this reason, some of these
unfortunates suffered much. Many of them had lost their blankets, but at the depot I found a supply belonging to the Sanitary
Commission, and these I appropriated. There was no straw in the cars for making beds, and none at hand that I could take
for the purpose. At Aquia Creek, we were transferred to steamboats. Here, again, there was ample room for the men, but
nothing was provided for them to rest upon save the hard boards of the decks. We were well supplied with rations, nurses
and attendants, who did everything possible to make the wounded comfortable. No case terminated fatally on the route, and
the work of the surgeons on the field had been so faithfully performed that my services were not required even to arrest the
slightest haemorrhage. The time occupied in making the journey to Washington was about seventeen hours. Surgeon R. O.
Abbott, U. S. A., medical director of the District of Columbia, had everything in readiness to receive these wounded, and by
him they were sent to the different hospitals in the city of Washington."
CXIY. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon
FRANKLIN GRUBE, U. S. Volunteers.
* "At the battle of Fredericksburg, which took place on December 13, 1862, I was assigned to accompany my
regiment, the 126th Pennsylvania Volunteers, to the field, while the other medical officers of the regiment were ordered to duty
at the division hospital during the engagement. I was with the regiment when the division in which it was (General
Humphrey's) made its desperate but fruitless charge upon the rebel works above the fair grounds in the rear of the city.
Here it received nearly all its loss from the enemy's musketry, at a range of fifty to one hundred and fifty yards. When the
fighting was over at night, I reported to the surgeon in chief of the division, who assigned me to take charge of a branch
hospital, consisting of a private house in the city, into which I received forty-four of the wounded of the division. The hospital
was situated about half a mile from the point at which the division did most of its fighting. Most of the wounds were by
minie balls; a small proportion, perhaps one-tenth, were shell wounds. My own regiment went into action about seven
hundred strong, and lost in the engagement nearly one hundred, of whom nineteen were killed on the field. Only about half
a dozen of the other wounds were mortal. Of those killed, a large proportion, perhaps two-fifths or one-half, had received
shell wounds. I saw only three or four wounds from spherical bullets and buckshot. According to my observation, the
supplies of medicines, hospital stores, ambulances, hospital tents, food and water were sufficient, even to abundance. Nearly all
the wounded were removed from the field within an hour after they were disabled. Possibly three or four per cent, lay on the
field all night, in consequence of the darkness and the nearness of the enemy's lines. There were not many operations
performed before removal to general hospital, probably a dozen, among the eight hundred wounded of our whole division.
All the slightly wounded were removed on the second day after the battle. Those who could walk being sent on foot across the
river to the railroad station, thence, by rail and boat, distributed to the various hospitals about Washington. The others were
removed at the same time in ambulances over the river to the Fifth Corps hospital, where they remained in tents nearly a
fortnight before removal to general hospital. I was one of the medical officers detailed at this hospital until its removal. No
case came under my observation of death during operation, or from chloroform, which was the anaesthetic mostly used."
CXV. Second Extract from a Narrative of Ids Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant
Surgeon PHILIP ADOLPIIUS, U. S. Army.
"The 2d U. S. Infantry, three hundred and sixty officers and men, left camp, near Falmouth, Va., December
11, 1862, and bivouacked before Fredericksburg on the same day. The bombardment of the city began on the llth. Our
division, the 2d of the Fifth Corps, crossed the Euppahannock, under fire, during the afternoon of December 13th, and advanced
through the city. The regiment, having been ordered to advance in support of a battery, marched up to a canal, near which it
was placed. Darkness ensuing, the command laid down until ten P. M., when, being thrown lo the front, relieving IHrnejT's
brigade, it remained twenty-four hours facing a stone wall, behind which the enemy was entrenched, arid constantly firing.
During the following day, the troops were obliged to lie on their faces, for the least movement brought a shower of bullets. The
command was relieved at ten p. M., when it encamped for the night and the following day in the city. The army recrossed the
Rappahanuock, in good order, on the If.th of December, and the 2d Infantry arrived at its old camp on the 17th of December,
having lost twenty-one enlisted men in wounded and missing. Hospital stores, medicines, ambulances and hospital tents were
amply provided at the right time and place, the circular of October 30, 1862, being strictly obeyed. The wounded who fell
on the 13th and 14th could not be removed until the evening of the 14th, it being impossible for the stretcher carriers to approach.
They consequently suffered from cold and thirst. So soon as it was practicable, they were removed by ambulances to the churches
and mansions of Fredericksburg, the distance averaging two hundred yards to one-half mile from the battle-field, and supplied
with water, food, soups, fuel and abundant medical attendance. The fire to which our men were exposed was precise and
deadly, from the minie musket, and the wounds were chiefly inflicted on the upper extremity ; the men, being recumbent before
a stone wall, behind which the enemy was concealed, could hardly move without inviting a volley of musketry. The wounded
were all removed, previously to the evacuation of the town, to the hospitals of their divisions, and thence, by rail and boat, to
the general hospitals of Washington, etc."
13 i APPENDED DOCUMENTS — BATTLE OF FREDERICKSBURG.
CXYI. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Volunteer Medical Staff.
By Surgeon CHARLES O'LEAEY, U. S. Volunteers.
* * * "Being appointed medical director of the Sixth Corps a few days prior to the battle of Fredericksburg,
December 13, 1862, I had the opportunity of putting in operation the field hospital organization devised by the medical director
of the armv, and witnessing its beneficial results. Our hospitals were placed on the south side of the river, at the two houses
belonging to the brothers Bernard. Within a very few hours after the positions were designated for the division hospitals, on
December 12th, all the necessary appliances were on hand, and the arrangements necessary for the proper care of the wounded
were as thorough and complete as I have ever seen in a civil hospital. Dining the engagements of the 13th. the ambulances
being c'uided and governed with perfect control, and with a precision rare even in military organizations, the wounded were
brought, without any delay or confusion, to the hospitals of their respective divisions. Not a single item provided in the
organization for field hospitals suffered the slightest derangement, and the celerity with which the wounded were treated, and
the system pervading the whole medical department from the station in the field, selected by the assistant surgeons with the
regiments, to the wards where the wounded were transferred from the hands of the surgeons to be attended by the nurses,
afforded the most pleasing contrast to what we had hitherto seen during the war. Our loss was not heavy, being only four
hundred and fifty-seven wounded from the corps, then of twenty-two thousand aggregate strength. The wounds were of a
mixed character, from shell, round shot, minie ball and common round bullet. Shell wounds were severe, and in two cases,
where injuries of the arm requiring amputation had been sustained, the men did not rally from the shock. The majority of the
operations, however, did well whilst the wounded were in our hands. Our position was somewhat exposed, as the ground
beyond the river, afforded no security from the enemy's fire, and the constant use of the bridges precluded the feasibility of
hospitals on this side. Still no injuries were sustained in the hospitals, and the fire directed to points contiguous to them was
very trifling. It is needless to observe that our supplies were defective in nothing. If the men could have been taken directly
into general hospital from the field, their condition would hardly have been improved.
On the 15th, the hospital tents, of which we had an extra supply of forty-eight, then in the corps, were pitched this
side of the river, out of range of the enemy's guns, and the wounded, with our hospital supplies, were quietly transferred to
them. On the night of the 15th, the army recrossed. On the 17th, the wounded were conveyed to Falmouth, thence to
Washington, under charge of medical officers, with the requisite number of nurses. Both military commanders and medical
officers agree that it would have been impossible for the wounded to have received better care and treatment than they did in
this battle."
CXVII. Second Extract from a Report on the Medical History of the 103c? New York
Volunteers. By Assistant Surgeon A. STEINACH, 108d New York Volunteers.
"In the latter part of November, \ve arrived at the place of destination, at Falmouth, opposite Fredericksburg,
Virginia. As it was probable that we would have to stay here in camp for many weeks, every one tried to make his quarters
as comfortable as could be done with shelter tents alone. The water was good. Provisions and clothing, although at first
somewhat scarce, came in afterwards in large quantities. The weather was fair, but cold, and continued so until January, 18(53;
consequently, the sanitary condition of the regiment during this time was good. There were usually from six to eight sick in the
regimental hospital, and six to eighteen in quarters ; of whom, one died of chronic dysentery, and one shot himself. The diseases
usually originated from exposure to cold or from indigestion ; there were but three or four cases of typhoid. During the
recent battles, much experience had been acquired, many improvements had been found necessary, and a better organization
was introduced into the army. Every medical officer was assigned to some particular duty in cases of emergency. The benefit
of such a system could best be appreciated in the following battle of Fredericksburg, on the 13th of December, where as ample
provisions for the comfort of the wounded were made as could be wished for, and where every wounded man, although
many thousands were brought in, speedily received proper care. Our regiment was on the battle-field, and was under fire for
a short time, but our loss was very small in proportion to that of others. One man was killed and three were slightly
wounded." *
CXYIII. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant
Surgeon C. M. COI.TON, U. S. Army.
" On the 2'2d of November, 1862, 1 was ordered to report to the medical director of the army of the Potomac for
duty, and was assigned to the 17th Infantry. At the battle of Fredericksburg, I had charge, also, of the llth Infantry. We
crossed the Rappahannock on the evening of December 13th, and having passed through the town, took up a position just
beyond, where we lay down under a heavy fire of artillery and musketry until one o'clock A. M., next day, when we crossed
the valley and took position directly in front of a stone wall, behind which a portion of the enemy was posted. Here the men
were again ordered to lie down. As soon as it was light, they were exposed to a heavy fire, almost every one who raised himself
from the ground being wounded. I had secured a suitable position for an hospital near the regiment, but after having three of
my four stretcher bearers shot down within ton minutes, I was obliged to abandon the idea of carrying ihe wounded off the
field. After dark, the regiment was relieved, and did not participate further in the battle. It had gone into action with eighteen
officers and two hundred and forty-two men, and lost one officer and two men killed and twenty-two men wounded. Such of
the wounded as were able to crawl to the field hospital were attended to there during the day ; the remainder were removed
after nightfall. From the field hospital, they were removed on stretchers, or walked to the division hospital which had been
sstablisbed in one of the churches in the town of Fredericksburg, about half a mile from the field. Here the supply of food,
medicine and stimulants seemed to be ample, and the medical attendants were energetic and efficient. On the 15th, the
EEPOKT OF SURGEON J. S. BILLINGS, U. S. A. 135
wounded were carried across the river, and were sent from Falmouth Station to Washington. The wounds appeared to have
been inflicted by conoidal balls, and, as the men were lying down at the time, there was a number of flesh wounds of the glutei
and of the muscles of the back. There were among the more serious wounds several comminuted fractures, almost all of
which were received by the men while in the act of changing their position."
CX1X. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Sura-eon
J. S. BILLINGS, U. S. Army.
"I reported for duty to Surgeon J. Letterman, medical director of the army of the Potomac, on the 31st of
March. 1863, and was immediately assigned to duty with the llth U. S. Infantry, 2d brigade, 2d division, Fifth Corps. On
the 27th of April, the division commenced the march across the Rappahannock. In anticipation of the forthcoming battle the
detail of officers for the division hospital was made out by Assistant Surgeon Wagner, then chief medical officer of the division
and I was designated as one of the operators, my assistants being Assistant Surgeon Bacon, U. S. A., and Acting Assistant
Surgeon Hichborn. But two ambulances were allowed to the division, and nc stretchers or stretcher bearers, nor did any medical
supply or Autenrieth wagons accompany us across the river. After a rapid march over muddy roads, the division reached the
brick house of Doctor Chancellor on the evening of the 30th of April, and encamped in the woods about half a mile beyond,
on the road leading from that place to Banks's Ford. After marching about one mile, the enemy opened lire with rifled shell
from a section of artillery so posted as to sweep the road. The column immediately debouched to the left, forming a line of
battle at right angles to the road, and advanced at double quick. Soon after leaving the road, I received orders to repair to a
small frame house on a little knoll near by, which was to be used as a temporary hospital. On reaching it, I found several men
with slight shell wounds. I had hardly dismounted, when the fire seemed to be concentrated on the spot; shells fell on all sides,
one passing through the house ; and, in five minutes, I was the only person left about the place. I then rode back about three
hundred yards to another small frame house by the roadside, where I found my assistants, and was soon after joined by the
other members of the staff of the hospital. By this time, Surgeon John Moore, U. S. A., medical director of the Fifth Corps
had come up with the ambulances and stretchers, and an Autenrieth wagon, having, by great personal exertion, succeeded in
getting them, that morning, across the river. The infantry being now engaged, the wounded began to come in very rapidly,
and I proceeded to the relief of the more urgent cases, performing several amputations, among others, two at the shoulder joint,
also, one exsection of the same joint and one of the elbow. In about two hours, we were informed that our troops were fallino-
back, and were ordered to remove the wounded to the brick house of Doctor Chancellor, then occupied as headquarters by
General Hooker. We succeeded in removing all of the wounded, and within ten minutes after we left the house, the rebel lines
came up to it.
On reaching the brick house, everything was found in confusion. All the large rooms in the house were locked and
filled with furniture ; the wounded were lying about in the veranda, in the halls, and wherever space could be found ; while a
crowd of teamsters, orderlies, contrabands and stragglers filled the kitchen and out-buildings. I immediately broke open the
doors; had the furniture carried out, and the wounded taken into the parlors; cleared out the kitchen, and ordered a cook to
prepare soup ; after which, I resumed the care of the wounded. At this place, the most extensive shell wounds that I have ever
seen came under my notice. In two instances, the abdominal walls were entirely carried away; and, from a third patient, I
removed the entire head of a three-inch shell which had passed into the abdominal cavity, and was slightly impacted in the
bodies of the lumbar vertebra}. This man suffered but little pain, was sensible of his desperate condition, but was very impor
tunate to have the fragment removed, as he said it felt heavy and gave him the colic. After its removal, he expressed himself as
much relieved ; he lived forty-eight hours. In a fourth case, a large fragment of a three-inch shell had passed through the pel vis
from one trochanter to the other. In another, the arm had been torn entirely off, and three inches of the brachial artery was
hanging out of the wound and pulsating to within an inch of its extremity. I also observed four cases of wounds of the
abdominal walls, with protrusion of unwounded intestines and omentum. In two of them, it was very difficult to return the
protruded mass, which was as large as the fist, the muscles of the abdominal walls being strongly and spasmodically contracted.
At first, I supposed that the difficulty was due to constriction at the base of the tumor, and enlarged the opening slightly with a
probe-pointed bistoury, but the protrusion increased, and all attempts to replace the slippery mass were futile, as it glided out at
one angle when pushed in at the other, until I caused one attendant to lift the patient by his head, and another by his heels, the
nates just touching the ground, thus relaxing the abdominal walls, wrhile, with silver spatulas, I lifted the abdominal walls away
from and over the tumor. I then closed the wound by means of sutures and collodion. Our labors continued all night, as fresh
cases were constantly coming in. Every wounded man in the house had sou}) and coffee served to him. But little operating
was done, as few cases required it. I performed exsections of the shoulder and elbow joints, and three or four amputations
here.
On the 2d of May, we were ordered to remove our wounded and rejoin our division, then lying about a mile and a half
to the rear. Doctor Hichborn was left at the Chancellor house to receive and care for such men as might be brought in from
the field. He was killed the next day in attempting to escape from the house. On reaching the division, I found it just preparing
to inarch to the right of our line, to strengthen or replace the Hying columns of the Eleventh Corps. It was then about four in
the afternoon, but it was dusk before the column got fairly in motion. A confused medley of wagons, artillery and stragglers
blocked up the road ; while, to add to the confusion, the First Corps, under General Reynolds, was coming up at right angles
to the line of march. The woods were full of stragglers, who were lighting fires in every direction, while a body of cavalry
was attempting to drive them in and to extinguish the fires. At daybreak, I was ordered to establish a hospital in a hollow in
the woods, on the road to Banks's Ford, about six hundred yards to the rear of our line of battle. Doctor Doolittle, of the 5th
N. Y. Volunteers, who had been detailed as surgeon-iii-chief of the hospital, having gone away, I was ordered to assume the
duties of that post as well as those of operator. An old saw-mill near by furnished boards enough to make a shelter for about
]36 APPENDED DOCUMENTS BATTLE OF CHANCELLORSVILLE.
forty men, and this was extended by means of evergreens and pieces of shelter tents, as far as was found necessary. Two
hundred and fifty rations were obtained from the commissary of the corps, and, in the afternoon, the brigade medical supply
wagons were brought up. While at this point, we received and treated about eighty wounded men, very few of whom, however,
belonged to our corps. I excised the shoulder joint in two cases at this place. I operated, also, in three cases in which a ball
had entered the cranium through the frontal bone, and penetrated the substance of the brain. In the first case, I merely removed
the fragments and spicula3 of bone which had been forced into the cerebral substance, the ball not being found by any examination
which I deemed prudent to attempt. In the second case, I removed the ball, the fragments of bone and the letter of the man's
cap, which had been forced into the anterior lobe of the brain. I may add that I saw this man, four weeks afterward, in the
corps hospital. At that time, the wound had nearly healed, and no unfavorable symptoms of any kind had occurred. In the
third case, a Confederate, I removed the ball and fragments of bone from the centre of the anterior lobe, and forty-eight hours
after, when I left, the man was leaning against a tree, smoking a pipe and observing my proceedings with great interest. In
none of these cases was there any disturbance of the mental faculties, after the first two hours, during the time that they remained
under my observation. On the 5th of May, by the order of Surgeon J. Moore, U. S. A., I removed all the supplies from the
brigade wagons, except about fifty blankets and a few bottles of whiskey, and sent them off with all the wounded belonging to
our corps. I then had the wounded belonging to other corps transferred to their respective hospitals, leaving no patients except
fifteen wounded rebels. All the other medical supplies of the division, and about two hundred rations were left in charge of
Assistant Surgeon Bacon, U. S. A. One hospital steward, one cook and one nurse were also detailed to remain. At five o'clock
of the morning of the 6th of May, we joined the division, Avhich was then on its way towards the river, acting as rear guard, and
crossed about nine o'clock. -Before leaving, I suggested to Doctor Bacon the propriety of burying, or otherwise concealing, a
box of whiskey and some chloroform and morphine. This was done, and I have since been informed by Doctor Bacon that it
proved a very useful precaution, as the greater part of the stores not so concealed were appropriated for the rebel wounded as
soon as they came up. On the evening of the 6th of May, in a pouring rain, the division reached its old camp near Potomac
creek."
CXX. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services. By Surgeon J. T. HEARD, U. S.
Volunteers.
"On the 23th of April, camps were broken up, and, at noon, the First Corps moved to within one mile of the
Bappahannock, bivouacking not far from White Oak church. On the 29th, before day, pontoons were brought up, but, on
account of the rapid fire of the enemy's sharpshooters from their rifle pits on the opposite bank, it was impossible to construct
bridges. At nine o'clock in the morning, however, a brigade of the 1st division was rapidly crossed in boats, and quickly drove
the rebels from their pits, capturing ninety-five. The bridges were then put down, and the 1st division thrown across the river.
Earthworks were constructed along the south bank, and the men covered. The 2<1 and 3d divisions remained upon the north
bank. The enemy occupied the position on the opposite heights as in December. The place of crossing was a quarter of a
mile below the crossing made by General Franklin on the llth of December. The Sixth Corps crossed at the site of the former
bridges. As the First Corps was not generally engaged during the battle on the Rappahannock, there is but little of interest to
communicate with regard to its operations. The approximate strength of the corps was fourteen thousand men. The loss
during the seven days was, in killed, wounded and missing, only two hundred and ten. At the time the bridges were constructed,
the hospital tents were pitched, and the three division hospitals established near the Fitzhugh house, half a mile from the point
of crossing. Before and during the time of crossing, sixty wounded were received. All the wounds were from rifle balls, at a
distance of from one hundred and fifty to two hundred yards. The wounded were quickly cared for, all operations being
primary. One amputation at the hip-joint was performed by Surgeon E. Shippen, U. S. V. As late as the 2d of June the
patient was doing remarkably well.
On the 30th of April, our forces still occupied the same positions as on the 29th. At half past five in the afternoon, the
enemy opened fire on the bridges from a battery of four twenty-pound Parrott guns at a distance of two thousand eight
hundred yards. This battery was replied to by eight three-inch guns posted on the novth bank, the fire continuing until dark.
Twenty men were wounded by shell, and taken to hospital. May 1st, the rebels were seen moving large numbers of troops to
their right, but there was no engagement. The wounded of the previous two days were doing well. Supplies were ample. May
2d, at eight o'clock in the morning, the 1st division recrossed the bridges, and the whole corps moved up the river to United States
Ford, a distance of sixteen miles. At the time of recrossing, the enemy again opened with their Parrott guns, wounding fifteen
men of the 1st division. They were immediately taken in ambulances to hospital. Four hospital tents were left standing near
the Fit/hugh house; the wounded were placed in them, the house was also occupied, and the whole left in charge of Surgeon
A. W. Whitney, of the 13th Massachusetts. The remaining tents were struck, wagons packed, and, together with the
ambulance trains, moved in the rear of the troops. At dark, the head of the column crossed the bridges at United States Ford,
and. at midnight, took position on the Chancellorsville road, with the right resting on Hunting Creek. This corps, which, in
the morning, formed the extreme left of the army, was now upon the extreme right. Earthworks were thrown up, and every
preparation made for battle. Up to the evening of the 5th, no engagement took place. There was, however, some little
skirmishing, by which we had fifteen men wounded by rifle balls, who were cared for, and afterwards sent to Washington.
Early on the morning of the 6th, the whole of the army recrossed the ford. On the 7th, this corps went into camp near White
Oak church. On the 8th, sixty of the slightly wounded were sent from the Fitzhugh house to corps hospital, near Wind-mill
Point, and to their regiments. On the 25th, twenty-two wounded were sent to Washington from the same hospital, leaving but
fifteen seriously wounded men at that place, who were well cared for and are doing remarkably well."
REPORTS OF SURGEONS BACON AND ADOLPHUS. 137
CXXI. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant
Surgeon C. BACON, II. S. Army.
* * * "April 27, 1863, the battalion (1st battalion 14tli Infantry) broke catnp and marched with the Fifth Corps, by
way of Kelly's Ford, to Chancellorsville, crossing the Rapidan at Ely's Ford, making a detour for the purpose of pushing the
enemy from United States Ford, thereby permitting our trains and the troops at that point to cross, and arriving at
Chancellorsville, May 3d. * * May 1st, the division was advanced a mile and a half along the Fredericksburg road, when
the enemy opened a heavy fire of artillery. I accompanied the battalion near to the position of the enemy, but being
detailed on the operating staff of the hospital of the division, I returned for that duty. The hospital was established at a farm
house immediately on the Fredericksburg road, and at a short distance from the line of battle. It afterwards proved to be too
near the front. The division pressed the enemy backward for an hour, but not being supported on either flank, it was ordered
to retire, having suffered considerably in killed and wounded. It now became necessary to remove the wounded without delay
to the Chancellor house, which was accomplished with ambulances, the wounded having been brought from the battle-field
upon stretchers. May 2d, as the Chancellor house had become untenable, I received orders from the medical director to take
the wounded, with the exception of those who had sustained major operations, to the corps hospital at Brooks's Station, on the
Falmouth and Aquia Creek railroad. I returned from this duty, the following day, at noon. The battle of the morning was
over, and the lines of the army had been reconstructed at the rear of the Chancellor house. The hospital of the division was
now established in the woods in the rear of the position of the Fifth Corps. Tuesday, May 5th, it was decided to withdraw
the army to the north bank of the Rappahannock. This was accomplished on the following day. I had orders from the
medical director to remain with the wounded, and also to take charge of a large amount of commissary stores, medical and
hospital supplies belonging to the division, and intended for the benefit of the wounded of our army remaining in the hands
of the enemy. These supplies were taken possession of by Medical Director Holt, of A. P. Hill's division of the enemy's
forces, with the promise that all should be used for the benefit of our wounded. I regret, however, to say that this promise
was not kept, and that only a small portion of the stores were issued to the men of our army. Previous to the retiring of our
army, I had cached a box of whiskey, which I afterward obtained, and which proved of much value. Were I again placed
in similar circumstances, I should cache all supplies that might be imperatively required. On being relieved of these duties,
I began work at the Hill hospital, in charge of Assistant Surgeon Webster, U. S. A. This hospital was on the field of the
action of the Third Corps on Sunday, and near to the Chancellor house. At this date, May 7th, but few of the dead remained
unburied. Our wounded had been collected upon the battle-field, or in its immediate vicinity, and were mostly under the care
of our own surgeons. I found all the wounded had been removed from the position of the engagement of the 2d division of
the Fifth Corps. The Third and Eleventh Corps had each left many wounded on the field. By command of General Colston,
the hospitals in which they had been collected were placed under the direction of Surgeon George Suckley, U. S. V., medical
director of the Eleventh Corps, who had been made a prisoner during the battle of Saturday, May 3d. At the Hill hospital,
there were some two hundred of our wounded. Some of these occupied the buildings of the plantation, which were of the
poorest character. The larger part, however, were provided with shelter by pieces of shelter tent united. This shelter,
imperfect as it was, did much to protect the men from the rains. No blankets or bedding were supplied, yet it was said that
this hospital was the most efficient and the best provided of any of the Union hospitals. An extremely limited amount of
medicines, dressings and other supplies, were issued. The commissary stores were sufficient for subsistence. As a consequence
of the insufficiency of clothing, and want of proper quantity and quality of food, the vital powers of the men became exhausted,
and frequently gangrene supervened on wounds of apparenly minor importance. No capital operations were performed, except
such as were necessary to preserve life. It may be said, in extenuation of this treatment of our wounded by the rebel authorities,
that it was chiefly owing to their own want of food, clothing and other necessaries, and that we received from them much
attention and courtesy. The hospital attendants remaining with me by order of the medical director were not paroled as
prisoners of war, and I was permitted to take my instruments and hospital knapsacks with me on my return to our lines.
Monday, May llth, supplies were received from Medical Director Letterman, together with additional medical assistance, which
latter, however, was not required. We only needed the supplies to enable us to do our work. The wounds received by our
men were principally caused by the rifle bullet. Although the battle had been largely fought with artillery, but few wounds
presented that had been produced by cannon shot or shell ; and those, though more fearful to look at, were, I think, not so
destructive of life as wounds caused by the bullet. Friday, May 14th, the removal of the last of the wounded to the north
bank of the Rappahannock, under flag of truce, was effected. At the Hill hospital we had, under the direction of Surgeon
Suckley, taken every precaution to put the men in a comfortable condition for the transfer. The complicated injuries, where
there were fractures of bone or other dangerous lesions, were placed in proper supports, firmly bound, and the men were then
well supported in the ambulances by pads and blankets. In this manner, we were enabled to transport the wounded with
comparatively little suffering. Immediately at the crossing of the river, in order to meet whatever demands might arise, a
building was occupied, to furnish food and such other supplies as might be required by the wounded as they passed. These
supplies were essential, and were furnished, I believe, by Surgeon John Moore, U. S. A., medical director of the Fifth Army
Corps. May 15th, 1 returned to my command, having accomplished the transfer of the last of the wounded to the hospitals
of our own army.''
CXXIL Third Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant
Surgeon PHILIP ADOLPIIUS, U. S. Army.
"The Fifth Corps, of which the 2d Infantry formed a part, left camp near Falmouth, Virginia, April 27th,
crossing the Rappahannock at Kelley's Ford, and the Rapidan at Ely's Ford, iu conjunction with the remainder of the 2d
brigade. The enemy was met two miles south of Chancellorsville on the 1st of May. The regiment formed in line of battle
18
]38 APPENDED DOCUMENTS BATTLE OF CHANCELLOESVILLE.
on the right of the 6th Infantry, and advanced through thick woods for over half a mile to a slight rise of ground within a
hundred and fifty yards of the enemy, who opened a heavy fire of musketry, which was replied to by our men. The regiment
remained in this position until ordered to fall back. The loss at this point was twenty-seven officers and men. The 2d division
remained entrenched in a strong position on the 2d and 3d of May. On the 6th, the whole army recrossed the Rappalmnnock
by the United States Ford, the 2d, 4th and 14th Infantry covering the retreat. The approximate strength of the brigade at the
time of action was about one thousand four hundred a-nd fifty men. The hospital supplies, ambulances, etc., were abundant.
The whole medical service was regulated by Circular No. 4, Surgeon General's Office, March 25, 1863. The major part of the
wounded in the engagement of Friday fell into the hands of the enemy, and were well cared for. The wounded of the battle
of Chancellorsville also remained in the hands of the enemy for the space of ten days, and were well treated, though their
medical supplies were not abundant. Previously to the retreat of our forces, the wounded of our division had every care, and
were well supplied with water, food, soups, and exposed to no hardships. The minie" rifle, at the distance of four hundred
yards, was the weapon used by the enemy. Indeed, every engagement demonstrates an abundant supply of superior quality
of all arms, when compared with earlier contests. Very few round balls, buckshot and slugs are now employed by the rebels,
whilst, at the battle of Winchester, a large part of their ammunition was of the kind last mentioned.
Primary amputations, as well as excisions, were numerous. Those which came under my observation, despite the
depressing influences of a retreat and the transportation of the wounded over bad roads, did admirably. The results would
have been better, no doubt, had we been able to remain on the other side of the Rappahannock, for many primary operations
would then have been performed, which were necessarily postponed. The rebel surgeons, however, operated as early as possible,
and with good success so far as our men were concerned."
CXXIII. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant
Surgeon FRANKLIN GKUBE, U. S. Volunteers.
* * * "At the battle of Chancellorsville, I was assigned to the division hospital as assistant operating surgeon, and
aided Surgeon C. N. Chamberlain, U. S. V., in performing a number of amputations. Our corps (General Sedgwick's), in this
engagement, numbered about twenty-four thousand, and lost nearly four thousand five hundred in killed, wounded and missing.
Its position was on the left, near Frederick sburg, and it charged upon and carried the heights in the rear of the city, the same
from which my former division was repulsed nearly five months before. The missiles employed by the enemy, and the
proportion of killed and wounded in this engagement, were, as nearly as I could ascertain, about the same as in the former
engagement here. The position of our hospital was at first on the Rappahannock, about half a mile east of the city. On the
3d of May, it was removed into the city. On the 4th, we recrossed the river, and carried the wounded under our care to about
half a mile north of the point of crossing. Our supplies of all kinds I believe to have been sufficient ; and though I observed
tardiness in several instances in administering them, owing to the confusion always existing upon such occasions, I am not
prepared to attach blame to any one. I observed no death from amputation, or during any other operation, and none from
chloroform, which was the anesthetic we employed. On the fourth day after the engagement, all the wounded of our corps
were sent by railway in charge of Surgeon J. P. Petheridge, of the 65th New York, and myself, to Aquia Creek, there to be
transferred to boats, to be taken to Washington for distribution to the general hospitals. On the way, the only evil feature
I observed was the want of trained and disciplined nurses, in consequence of which several of the wounded who needed
attention were not promptly waited on during the night. After the removal of the wounded, I rejoined my command (the
batteries of the 3d division, Sixth Corps), and, on the 13th of May, received an order from the medical director of the corps
assigning me to duty at the corps hospital near Potomac Creek bridge, where, for a few days, I had charge of the 3d division.
After the arrival of Surgeon Chamberlain, I assisted him in reorganizing the hospital." *
CXXIV. Third Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Surgeon
CHAKLES O'LEAEY, U. S. Volunteers.
"In May, 1863, the Sixth Corps operated singly against the heights of Fredericksburg, whilst the main army
was at Chancellorsville. The distance the corps moved over rendered celerity and despatch, in the preparation of hospitals
during the operations, essentially necessary. The troops crossed three miles below the town at one o'clock A. M., May 3d.
Their position would not permit the hospitals to be advanced beyond the point of crossing. At four o'clock A. M., one division
effected a lodgement in the town. A bridge was soon thrown across the river at this place, and, with the permission of the
General commanding, the hospital supplies and ambulances were brought to a point contiguous to the bridge, ready to be sent
over as soon as the heights were taken. Whilst awaiting the action, houses were selected and put in fit condition for hospitals.
The charge was made at one o'clock i>. M., the heights were taken, and, in less than half an hour, we had over eight hundred
wounded. Two hours after the engagement, such was the celerity and system with which ambulances worked, the whole
number of wounded were within the hospitals under the care of surgeons and nurses. The corps, however, pushed on, and,
at five o'clock, four miles from the town, encountered the enemy in strong force. A severe action took place. All night the
ambulances were kept running, bringing in wounded. At four o'clock on the morning of the 4th, as they approached the town,
the enemy advanced from the left, and occupied the hills in their rear. A few moments later and they would have been captured.
The wounded, however, were all brought otf at this time, with the exception of twenty-six, afterwards obtained under flag of
truce. As the enemy occupied the hills, and would soon have the town, it became necessary to remove the hospital to the north
side. This was done with very little discomfort to the wounded. At eleven o'clock A. M., the hospitals were re-established in
tents on this side of the river. Being cut off from the corps byway of Fredericksburg, it became necessary to seek communica
tion with it by some other route. For this, ambulances, with medical officers and supplies, were hurried up to Banks's Ford. A
REPORTS OF SURGEONS FOYE, BRENEMAN AND HOWARD. 139
severe action was going on in the afternoon. The wounded ahle to walk made their way to the ford. Only seventeen ambulances
were able to reach the troops. Even these could not reach the battle-ground, owing to the steady repulse of our troops. The
slightly wounded only were saved from the field. These were removed to the Sixth Corps hospital near Potomac Creek bridge,
as were, also, the slighter cases from the action of the previous day. The wounded from the different engagements of the corps
now numbered one thousand seven hundred, of whom nine hundred and thirty were sent to Washington on the 7th and 8th of
May. The rest were lodged in the corps hospital. Eighty-nine were afterwards obtained under Hag of truce: sixty-three from
Banks's Ford, and twenty-six from Fredericksbtirg. Surgeons, with supplies, were sent within the enemy's lines to attend to
them whilst there. The wounds were less severe than I have seen in any other engagement of the war, and the number of
operations required was very few in proportion. This was due, probably, to the small proportion of shell wounds received.
Of those received at first into our own hospitals, the operations promised very favorable results. Of those detained within the
enemy's lines, the operations being all secondary, the aspect was not so favorable ; sloughing occurred in many instances, with
secondary haemorrhage, and this to such an extent that re-amputation has been necessary in some instances. In every case,
anaesthetics were administered, no bad results following. Our hospital organization was strictly on the plan prescribed in the
circular of the medical director of the army. Supplies of everything necessary were never for a moment deficient. * * *
CXXV. Fourth Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff, By Surgeon
JOHN W. FOYE, U. S. Volunteers.
* * * "At the battle of Chancellorsville, the Third Corps, of which our regiment formed a part, crossed early on the
morning of the 2d of May, and took position on the left and centre, where they established a line of breastworks. Early on
the following morning, they received the first of a series of assaults made by the enemy through the day. In the afternoon, the
corps was shifted to the right, which position they retained till the army was withdrawn, May 6th. The strength of the brigade
was about two thousand five hundred, in good condition and well supplied. On the first day, the field hospital was half a mile
from the front. On the second day, it was removed to a more prudent distance to the rear, probably about a mile. At the new
site, water and food were plenty, but there was no shelter save that afforded by the few houses near by. On the 5th, at four
o'clock, P. M., it commenced raining violently, and continued to do so through the night. The storm lasted, with less severity,
three days. The wounded were removed by the ambulance corps, which was very efficient. The day prior to re-crossing, the
ambulance train plied constantly between the front and field hospitals. The battle was a series of assaults, extending over a
period of three days, commencing with artillery fire, which was followed by musketry at short range. There was, probably, no
material difference between the arms used by the enemy and those of our own army, in which all the modern varieties were
represented. On the afternoon of the 4th, a train of thirty-five ambulances of the Third Corps was loaded for the corps
hospital near Potomac Creek. From the condition of the roads, the journey was a very tedious one. The last train, containing
forty-two patients, left the eastern shore of the ford at eleven A. M. on the 7th for the Third Corps hospital. Many capital
operations were performed on the field during the first and second days; later than this the medical corps was principally
occupied in preparing the wounded for transportation. Chloroform was the only anaesthetic used." *
CXXVI. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon
E. DE W. BKENEMAN, U. S. Army.
* * * "April 2, 1863, I returned to the army of the Potomac, and was assigned to duty with the 12th Infantry, in
which regiment I am now serving. The regiments of the division to which it belonged left camp on Monday, April '27th, at ten
A. jr., marching to Hartwood church, at which point all the ambulances were ordered to return to camp, except one to each
brigade. On Tuesday, we reached the Old Stone church, crossed the Rappahannock on pontoons, at Kelley's Ford, at ten A. M.,
and the Rapidan, at Ely's Ford, at nine p. M. On Wednesday, we marched to Chancellorsville, via United States Ford, and went
into camp near there, Thursday, the 30th, at four p. M. On Friday, May 1st, at twelve M., General Sykes, with a command
of between four and five thousand men, engaged the rebel General Anderson's division on the Fredericksburg and Richmond
road, one mile north of camp. The action lasted until half past two in the afternoon, when the order was given to
retire to the old camp. The condition of our troops was -excellent, and their conduct in battle unexampled for bravery. A
division hospital under charge of Surgeon Doolittle, of the 5th New York, with Assistant Surgeons Howard and Billings, U.
S. A., as operators, was established in a dwelling half a mile in the rear of the engagement. To this point, the wounded were
promptly conveyed on stretchers from the field; thence they were conveyed in ambulances to the Chancellor house, and,
subsequently, to the neighborhood of United States Ford. I remained in the rear of my regiment on the field, attending to the
wounded. Nearly all the operations were performed at the field hospital, and I had no opportunity of witnessing them. We
arrived safely at our old camp, near Falmouth, Virginia, on Wednesday, May 6th. The losses in the regiment were one enlisted
man killed and five wounded." *
CXXVII. Fourth Extract from Memoranda for the Surgical History of the War. By
Assistant Surgeon B. HOWARD, U. S. Army.
At the battle of Chancellorsville, we crossed the Rappahnnnock on the 29th of April. The Fifth Corps,
with which I was serving, moved via Kelley's Ford. On the 30th, we forded the Rapidan. We halted in the vicinity of the
• •neniy. near Chancellorsville, about two o'clock P. M. Next morning, the 2d division and artillery, of which I was the
senior operator, advanced along the Fredericksburg plank-road and encountered the enemy, who were posted across and on either
140 APPENDED DOCUMENTS BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.
side of it. The hospital for the 2d division and artillery was in a house about two miles from the Chancellor house. Here
the wounded had been rapidly attended to for about two hours and a half, when a retreat was ordered, leaving the hospital in
front of the line of battle. The patients were quickly hurried away to the Chancellor house, our next hospital. The troops
continued to fall back on the left, so as to bring this hospital under occasional artillery tire, and the next day, at times, under
musketry fire. The wounded of this and some other commands we treated here, and, during the morning of the 2d, all men of
our own command were sent to the rear in ambulances. May 2d, about four o'clock P. M., the Eleventh Corps, on our right,
retreated. Officers were detailed to be left behind, and the operating staff went farther to the rear. One of the medical officers
thus left was shot while in discharge of his duty. Sykes's division was now formed in line across the road leading to the ford,
and our third Held hospital was established about a half mile to the rear of this line, close by the road to the ford. While here,
supplies of every sort were in abundance except tents, the only shelter for the wounded being sheds extemporized of evergreens
and brushwood. We received here about one hundred and fifty wounded, including some of the enemy. During the night of
the 4th, there was a very heavy rain, drenching the wounded. By the evening of the 5th, all the wounded, except prisoners,
were safely removed beyond the river to the corps hospital in the vicinity of Brooks's Station. Large supplies of stores and a
medical officer were left with the wounded prisoners, and before daylight of the 6th, all our forces had retreated north of the
Rappahannock. Different corps left large numbers of wounded on the field. Some were lying, between the opposing lines of
battle, in the brush, which is said to have caught fire, neither friend nor foe being able to render aid. A few days after the
retreat, ambulances were sent for our wounded, with a flag of truce. The wounded of the different corps were mainly treated
in the field hospitals in the vicinity of Brooks's Station, and sent to Washington, when able to endure further transportation, by
railroad. There was one death, at the last field hospital, from chloroform. A post mortem discovered a ball lying behind the
trachea, below the level of cricoid cartilage."
CXXVIII. Third Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant
Surgeon J. T. CALHOUN, U. S. Army.
* "At the battle of Chancellorsville, I had medical charge of the 2d division, Third Corps. Its loss was very
large, and many of the wounded were left upon the field. After the battle, I went, in obedience to orders, with the flag of
tnice in charge of Assistant Surgeon M. J. Asch, U. S. A., to aid in the removal of our wounded from within the rebel lines.
This was speedily accomplished. Those of my division were placed in hospital at Potomac Creek, and were carefully treated,
under my own personal supervision, by Assistant Surgeon Janes, of the 7th New Jersey, and the medical officers on duty with
him." * *
CXXIX. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant
Surgeon C. M. COLTON, U. S. Army.
* * * "At the battle of Chancellorsville, the 17th Infantry was in the first line of skirmishers on the morning of May
1st. I was on duty with the regiment, but found it impossible to keep up with it, the wounded of my own and other regiments
being brought to me faster than I could attend to them. As our skirmishers fell back, I was obliged to transport the wounded
from the field, which was done on litters extemporized from blankets, etc., the ambulances and stretchers not having come up.
I succeeded in getting them all to the Chancellor house, where, I believe, they were well cared for; but, being obliged to
follow the regiment, am unable to give any further account of them. The 17th Infantry Avent into this action with twenty-one
officers and three hundred and ten men. It lost two officers and five men killed, one officer and twenty-one men wounded, and
six men missing. The wounds were mostly inflicted by conoidal balls and fragments of shell. They were generally severe,
the proportion of wounds of the trunk being greater than I ever saw before."
CXXX. Iteport on the Operations of the Medical Department during the Battle of Gettysburg.
By Surgeon JONATHAN LETTERMAN, U. S. A., Medical Director Army of the Potomac.
CAMP NEAR CULPEPPER C. H., VA., October 3, 1863.
GENERAL: I have the honor to submit the following report on the operations of the medical department of this army at
the battle of Gettysburg, July 1, 2 and 3, 1863:
As the subject of transportation has an important bearing upon the manner in which the wounded are attended to after a
battle, it is necessary to make some allusion to the manner in which this department was supplied. It is scarcely necessary to
say that, if the transportation is not sufficient to enable the officers of the department to conduct it properly, the consequences must
fall upon the wounded. In the autumn of 1862, I investigated the subject very carefully, with a view to the adoption of some
system, instead of the irregular method which, prior to that time, was in vogue; to limit the amount necessary and to have that
amount always available. The transportation allowed was one wagon to each regiment, and one to each brigade. This gave
all that was required, and was not too much. It may be remarked that it was a reduction to nearly one-half that which had
been in use prior to that time. This system worked well. At the battle of Chancellorsville the department had, upon the left
bank of the Rappahannock, means sufficient, had it been allowed to use them, to take cure of many more wounded than came
under its control.
On the 19th of June, while the army was on the march from before Fredericksburg to some unknown point north of the
Potomac river, the headquarters being near Fairfax Court house, Virginia, the transportation of the department was cut
down, on an average of two wagons in a brigade, in opposition to my opinion, expressed verbally and in writing. This
reduction necessitated the turning in of a largo portion of the supplies, tents, etc., which were necessary for the proper
N. E. VIRGINIA, MARYLAND and PENNSYLVANIA.
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR LETTERMAN. 141
care of the wounded in the event of a battle. Three wagons were assigned to a brigade of one thousand five hundred
men, doing away with regimental wagons. This method, in its practical working, is no system at all, as it is liable to constant
changes, and proved to be, what I supposed at the time it would be, a failure, as it did not give the department the means
necessary to conduct its operations. Headquarters left Fairfax Court-house on the 26th of June for some point as yet unknown
in Maryland or Pennsylvania. On the '25th of that month, I directed Assistant Surgeon Brinton, U. S. A., to proceed to Wash
ington and obtain the supplies I had ordered the medical purveyor to have put up, and there await orders. On the 26th, he was
ordered to proceed with them to Frederick. This step was taken to obviate the want of supplies consequent upon the reduction
of transportation. At this date, it was not known that the army would be near Frederick, still the risk had to be run, and the
event justified the order. Dr. Brinton arriving at Frederick on the 28th of June, the day after the arrival of headquarters there,
with twenty-five army-wagon loads of such supplies as would be most required in case of a battle. The train with these
supplies followed that of headquarters until we reached Taneytown. On the 1st of July, the trains were not permitted to come
farther, and, on the 2d, were ordered to the rear, near Westminster. On the 1st, it was ordered that 'Corps commanders and
the commander of the artillery reserve will at once send to the rear all their trains, excepting ammunition wagons and
ambulances, parking them between Union Mills and Westminster.' On the 2d, these trains were ordered still further to the
rear, and parked near Westminster, nearly twenty-five miles distant from the battle-field. The effect of tins order was to deprive
the department almost wholly of the means for taking care of the wounded until the result of the engagement of the 2d and 3d,
was fully known. I do not instance the effect of this order, except to show its influence upon the department; the expediency
of the order I, of course, do not pretend to question, but its effect was to deprive this department of the appliances necessary
for the proper care of the wounded, without which it is as impossible to have them properly attended to as it is to fight a battle
without ammunition. In most of the corps the wagons exclusively used for medicines moved with the ambulances, so that the
medical officers had a sufficient supply of dressings, chloroform and such articles until the supplies came up, but the tents and
other appliances which are as necessary were not available until the 5th of July. The supply of Dr. Brinton reached the field
on the evening of the 4th of July. This supply, together with the supplies ordered by me on the 5th and 6th of July, gave more
than was required. The reports of Dr. Brinton and Dr. Taylor show that I ordered more supplies than were used up to the
18th of July, when the hospitals were taken from under my control. Surgeon Taylor, medical inspector of this army, who was
ordered, on the 29th of July, to Gettysburg, to examine into the state of affairs there, reports to me that he made ' the question
of supplies a subject of special inquiry among the medical officers who had remained with the wounded during and for a month
subsequent to the battle. The testimony in every instance was conclusive that at no time had there been any deficiency; but,
to the contrary, that the supply furnished by the medical purveyor had been, and still continued to be, abundant.' This is,
perhaps, sufficient to show that not only were supplies ordered in advance, but that they were on hand when required, notwith
standing the difficulty in consequence of the inability of the railroad to meet the requirements made upon it, until after General
Haupt took charge of it on the 9th of July. I have not deemed it necessary to present any tables showing the amounts ordered
and issued, considering what I have above stated sufficient to show the action of this department. The chief want was tents and
other appliances for the better care of the wounded. I had an interview with the commanding general on the evening of the
3d of July, after the battle was over, to obtain permission to order up the wagons containing the tents, etc. This request he did
not think expedient to grant but in part, allowing one-half of the wagons to come to the front; the remainder were brought up
as soon as it was considered by him proper to permit it. To show the result of the system adopted upon my recommendation,
regarding transportation and the effect of the system of field hospitals, I may here instance the hospital of the Twelfth Corps,
in which the transportation was not reduced, nor the wagons sent to the rear at Gettysburg. Surgeon McNulty, medical
director of that corps, reports that 'it is with extreme satisfaction that I can assure you that it enabled me to remove the
wounded from the field, shelter, feed them, and dress their wounds within six hours after the battle ended, and to have every
capital operation performed within twenty-four hours after the injury was received.' I can, I think, safely say that such would
have been the result in other corps had the same facilities been allowed; a result not to have been surpassed, if equalled, in
any battle of magnitude that has ever taken place. A great difficulty always exists in having food for the wounded. By the
exertions of Colonel Clarke, chief commissary, thirty thousand rations were brought up on the 4th of July and distributed to
the hospitals. Some of the hospitals were supplied by the commissaries of the corps to which they belonged. Arrangements
were made by Colonel Clarke to have supplies in abundance brought to Gettysburg for the wounded. He ordered them, and,
if the railroad would transport them, they would be on hand.
Over six hundred and fifty medical officers are reported as present for duty at that battle. These officers were engaged
assiduously, day and night, with little rest, until the 6th, and in the Second Corps, until the 7th of July, in attendance upon
the wounded. The labor performed by these officers was immense. Some of them fainted from exhaustion induced by over
exertion, and others became ill from the same cause. The skill and devotion shown by the medical officers of this army were
worthy of all commendation ; they could not be surpassed. Their conduct as officers and as professional men was admirable.
Thirteen of them were wounded; one of whom, Surgeon W. S. Moore, 61st Ohio, Eleventh Corps, died on the 6th of July, from
the effects of his wounds received on the 3d. The idea, very prevalent, that medical officers are not exposed to fire, is thus
shown to be wholly erroneous. The greater portion of the surgical labor was performed before the army left. The time for
primary operations had passed, and what remained to be done was to attend to making the men comfortable, dress their wounds
and perform such secondary operations as from time to time might be necessary.
One hundred and six medical officers were left behind when the arrny left; no more could be left, as it was expected that
another battle would, within three or four days, take place ; and, in all probability, as many wounded be thrown upon our hands
as at the battle of the 2d and 3d, which had just occurred. ' I asked the Surgeon General, July 7th, to send twenty
medical officers to report to Surgeon 11. Janes, hoping they might prove of some benefit, under the direction of the medical
officers of this army who had been left behind. I cannot learn that they were ever sent. Dr. Janes was left in general charge
of the hospitals, and, to provide against contingencies, was directed, if he could not communicate with me, to do so directly
with the Surgeon General. s<> that he had full power to call directly upon the Surgeon General to supply any want that
142 APPENDED DOCUMENTS BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.
might arise. The ambulance corps throughout the army acted in the most commendable manner during those days ot
severe labor. Notwithstanding the great number of wounded, amounting to fourteen thousand one hundred and ninety-three,
I know from the most reliable authority and from my own observation, that not one wounded man of all that number
was left on the field within our lines early on the morning of the 4th of July. A few were found after daylight beyond
our farthest pickets, and these were brought in, although the ambulance men were fired upon, when engaged in this duty,
bv the enemy, who were within easy range. In addition to this duty, the line of battle was of such a character, resembling
somewhat a horse-shoe, that it became necessary to remove the most of the hospitals further to the rear, as the enemy's
fire drew nearer. This corps did not escape unhurt: one officer and four privates were killed, and seventeen wounded, while
in the discharge of their duties. A number of horses were killed and wounded, and some ambulances injured. These
facts will show the commendable and efficient manner in which the duties devolving upon this corps were performed, and great
credit is deservedly due to the officers and men for their praiseworthy conduct. I know of no battle-field from which wounded
men have been so speedily and so carefully removed, and I have every reason to feel satisfied that their duties could not have
been performed better or more fearlessly.
Before the army left Gettysburg, and knowing that the wounded had been brought in from the field, six ambulances
and four wagons were ordered to be left from each corps to convey the wounded from their hospitals to the railroad depot for
transportation to other hospitals. From the Cavalry Corps, but four ambulances were ordered, as this corps had a number
captured by the enemy at or near Hanover a few days previously. I was informed by General Ingalls that the railroad to
Gettysburg would be in operation on the 6th, and upon this based my action. Had such been the case, this number would
have been sufficient. As it proved that this was not in good running order for some time after that date, it would have been
better to have left more ambulances. I acted, however, on the best information that could be obtained.
The number of our wounded, from the most reliable information at my command, amounted to fourteen thousand one
hundred and ninety-three. The number of Confederate wounded who fell into our hands was six thousand eight hundred
and two; making the total number of wounded thrown by that battle upon this department twenty thousand nine hundred and
ninety-five. The wounded of the 1st of July fell into the hands of the enemy, and came under our control on the 4th of that
month. Instruments and medical supplies belonging to the First and Eleventh Corps were in some instances taken from the
medical officers of those corps by the enemy.
Previous to leaving Gettysburg, on the 5th and 6th of July, I ordered supplies to be sent to Frederick from Washington
and Philadelphia, to meet the wants of the department in the event of another battle, whicn there was every reason to suppose
would occur shortly after the army left Gettysburg. While at the latter place, I asked the Surgeon General to have fifty
medical officers ready to meet me at such a point as I should thereafter indicate. On the 7th of July, I desired them to be sent
to Frederick. Late in the night of the 9th, forty-seven of them reported. These officers were assigned to make up as far as
possible the deficiency of medical officers existing in consequence of the large detail from this army left at Gettysburg. Tents
were ordered by my request, and the corps supplied as far as their transportation would permit, and the remainder kept in reserve.
It is not necessary to enter into the detailed list of the articles ordered and on hand ready for the anticipated battle. I have
the orders in my office, and it is with pleasure that I can state, for the information of the commanding general, that, notwith
standing the short time in which I had to make the necessary preparations, this department was, when near Boonsboro', fully
prepared to take care of the wounded of another battle of as great magnitude as that which the army had just passed through
at Gettysburg. It is unnecessary to do more than make an allusion to the difficulties which surrounded the department at the
engagement at Gettysburg. The inadequate amount of transportation ; the impossibility of having that allowed brought to the
front; the cutting off our communication with Baltimore, first by way of Frederick, and then by way of Westminster; the
uncertainty, even as late as the morning of July 1st, as to a battle taking place at all, and, if it did, at what point it would
occur; the total inadequacy of the railroad to Gettysburg to meet the demands made upon it after the battle was over; the
excessive rains which fell at that time, all conspired to render the management of the department a matter of exceeding
difficulty, and yet abundance of medical supplies were on hand at all times. Rations were provided and shelter obtained
as soon as the wagons were allowed to come to the front, although not as abundant as necessary, on account of the reduced
transportation.
Medical officers, attendants, ambulances and wagons were left when the army started from Maryland, and the wounded
well taken care of, and especially so, when we consider the circumstances under which the battle was fought, and the length
and severity of the engagement. The conduct of the medical officers was admirable. Their labors not only began with the
beginning of the battle, but lasted long after the battle had ended. When other officers had time to rest, they were busily at
work, and not merely at work, but working earnestly and devotedly.
I have not considered it necessary to give in this report more than a very general outline of the operations of this
department at that time. To enter into a detailed account of them would, I presume, be more than the commanding general
would desire.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. LETTERMAN, Medical Director.
Brigadier General fe. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant General, Army of the Potomac
CXXX1. Fourth Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staf. By
Assistant Surgeon J. T. CALIIOUJST, U. S. Army.
" From Emmettsburgr the division (2d division, Third Corps) crossed into Pennsylvania, and participated with
honor and great loss in the battle of Gettysburg. It joined in the fight on the second day of the battle. About nightfall,
Major General Sickles, commanding the corps, was wounded, and the medical director of the corps, Surgeon Thomas Sim, U.
S. V.. with rny assistance, amputated the injured lirnb. Surgeon Sim, at the request of the General, accompanied him to the rear.
REPORT OF MEDICAL INSPECTOR VOLLUM. 143
The medical care of the corps then devolved upon me. I immediately selected a new site for the hospital of the corps, that
hitherto occupied having been rendered untenable by the fire of the enemy, and had our wounded, over three thousand in
number, removed thither. * * During the following winter, I took every measure to put my division in the best hygienic
condition. New, large, well ventilated and well warmed huts were built; the camps were thoroughly drained by a complete
system of ditches, and great attention was paid to camp police. The regimental camps were inspected daily by their surgeons,
who reported to the regimental commanders. The surgeon-in-chief of each brigade weekly inspected the camp of his brigade
and its regimental hospitals, and reported to the brigade commander, and a surgeon was detailed daily, whose duty it was to
visit the various camps of the division and their environs, and the division and regimental hospitals, and make a written
report thereon to me. ' He is especially to observe the location and police of the several camps and their drainage, the cleanliness
and ventilation of the quarters, the removal of offal, the number and condition of latrines, the character of the food and the
manner in which it is cooked, and report if, in his opinion, the health of the command is in any way endangered. The
cleanliness, ventilation and warmth of the several hospitals, the care bestowed upon the sick, the character of the food furnished
them, and the attention paid them by medical officers, stewards and nurses, are likewise to be observed and reported upon.' This
complete and thorough inspection system secured us a division camp as nearly perfect as it was possible to make camps in
the field. We had but a very few sick, many of our regimental hospitals not containing an inmate ; yet to guard against
contingencies, I established a division field hospital. While a great amount of talent has been displayed in the building of
general hospitals, and every effort used to make them perfect in plan and detail, but comparatively little attention has been paid
to field hospitals as regards their plan. In my division field hospital each of the wards was composed of two of the regulation
hospital tents, and these were arranged in two lines en echelon from the dispensary ; the whole, forming a letter V, gently
descending from the officers' quarters to the brook. Ditches, a foot in depth and of the width of a spade, were dug around each
pair of tents and on each side of the paths, connecting them. The sinks were on either flank, and were made of barrels sunk
into the ground. The wash-house and cook-house were of logs covered with a canvas roof. Each ward was warmed and
ventilated by a large chimney, half the width of the tent, made of stone and mud, with large, high, open fire places, capable
of receiving a log four feet long. A. cedar-bough fence surrounds the grounds, to keep off the force of the wind." *
CXXXII. Report on the Transportation of Wounded after the Battle of Gettysburg. By
Medical Inspector E. P. VOLLUM, U. S. Army.
WASHINGTON, D. C., July 25, 1863.
GENERAL: I have the honor to report that, pursuant to your orders of the 7th July, I proceeded on the same day to
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, for the purpose of reporting to Medical Inspector Cuyler, U. S. A., for duty in connection with the
transportation of the wounded at that place. I was detained a few hours, on the 8th, at Hanover, Pennsylvania, where I found
about one hundred and fifty wounded, chiefly from Kilpatrick's cavalry, under charge of Assistant Surgeon Gardner, 1st
Virginia Cavalry. They were comfortably situated in a school-house and in dwellings. The inhabitants had furnished them
with bunks, bedding, dressings, untensils and food in sufficient quantity, the people in each street in the town furnishing food,
delicacies, nurses, etc., two days at a time. I arrived at Gettysburg about seven P. M. on the 8th, and, in consequence of
some irregularity or delay in the railroad trains, there were about two thousand slightly wounded men collected at a point a
mile from town, where the trains stopped, without food, shelter or attendance for the night. Fortunately, through the agents
of the Sanitary Commission, these men were all fed, and some three hundred sheltered that night. No system had as yet been
adopted for the transportation of the wounded, nor had this been possible in the deranged condition of the railroad, though
Surgeon J. D. Osborne, 4th New Jersey, detailed for this purpose by Surgeon H. Janes, U. S. V., in charge of the hospitals
at Gettysburg, was using his best endeavors to work through the confusion and crowds of wounded with which he was
surrounded, and I have to acknowledge the important services of this gentleman until the time of my departure. The railroad
authorities were perplexed, and deficient in motive power and rolling stock. The bridges put up since the rebel raids proved
too weak except for the lightest engines, and some for a second time were carried away by the floods. The telegraph wires
were down, and the obstruction to transportation seemed insurmountable until General Haupt arrived and assumed military
control of the road to Hanover Junction. We then experienced no further delays till the 13th, when an important bridge on
the road to Harrisburg gave way under a cattle train, thus diverting, for the following five days, the trains that were intended
for New York to Baltimore and York, Pennsylvania. Medical Inspector Cuyler arrived on the llth, when I reported to
him for duty, and, by mutual arrangement, I continued in immediate charge of the transportation of the wounded, which
confined me to the railroad depot and city of Gettysburg. Every train of wounded was placed in charge of a medical officer
detailed by Surgeon H. Janes. Instruments, dressings, stimulants, etc., were furnished him, and he was instructed to announce
his coming by telegraph, if possible, and to report in person to the medical director at the place of his destination. Each car
was filled with a sufficient quantity of hay, and, on the longer routes, water-coolers, tin cups, bed pans and urinals were placed
in them, and guarded on the route by some agents of the Sanitary Commission. In some instances, these conveniences were
furnished by the medical department, but the demand for them by the hospitals often exhausted the supplies at the purveyors.
Before leaving, the wounded were fed and watered by the Sanitary Commission, and often hundreds of wounded, laid over
for a night or a part of a day, were attended and fed by the commission, whose agents placed them in the cars. At Hanover
Junction, they were again refreshed and fed by the Christian Commission. At Baltimore, the agents of several benevolent
societies distributed food bountifully to the wounded in the cars immediately on their arrival ; and at Harrisburg, the Commissary
Department had made arrangements for feeding any number likely to pass that way.
144
APPENDED DOCUMENTS BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.
The following are the numbers and destination of Union and Confederate wounded sent from Gettysburg up to the 23d.
The first one thousand four hundred and sixty-two had left before my arrival.
DATE.
TRAIN.
No.
DESCRIPTION".
DESTINATION.
TOTAL
PEK DIEM'
DATE.
TRAIN.
No.
DESCRIPTION.
DESTINATION.
TOTAL
PEK DIEM'
1863.
164
Baltimore . —
1863.
July 15
C05
" 7
7 P M
258
"
" 16
9 A. M.
60
" 7
7 10 P H
400
822
" 16
3 P. M.
36
„
" 8
640
(l
640
" 16
262
358
" 9
1 01°
,,
" 17
9 A. M
20
" 9
1 061
|(
,,
2 073
" 17
225
11 AM
186
„
" 17
204
„
" 10
5 15 r M
620
,,
80G
" 17
80
529
" 11
11 A M
204
,,
" 18
9 A M.
47
" 11
5 1* M
338
,,
" 18
183
" 11
" 12
5 P. M.
10 A. M.
76
327
28
Confederate. . .
Union
"
618
" 18
" 18
" 19
3 P. M.
9 A 11.
125
350
107
Union
Confederate . .
York, Peun. ..
Baltimore
York, Penn. ..
705
" 12
12 15 r M.
142
((
" 19
25
" 12
184
Confederate. .
,,
" 19
3 P. ii.
198
,,
5 P. M.
105
I(
" 19
,.,
455
" 12
433
Confederate . .
,,
1,219
" 20
9 A. M.
257
York, Penn. ..
" 13
9 A. M
96
l(
" 20
3 r ii
141
398
" 13
" 13
3 F. M.
133
259
Confederate . .
Union
"
" 21
" 21
11.30 A. M.
467
33
Confederate . .
New York
" 13
" 14
9 A. M.
16
130
Confederate . .
"
504
" 21
" 21
4 P. M.
158
54
Confederate . .
712
" 14
3 P. M.
176
(l
11.30 A. M
47
" 14
" 15
9 A. M.
394
182
Confederate . .
Union
"
700
" 22
4 p. ii.
154
o>>
Confederate . .
New York
" 15
37
Confederate . .
"
" 22
58
Confederate . .
New York.. ..
281
" 15
3 P. M.
380
11
11 4;)5
11 4°5
Wounded sent'from Gettysburg to 22d instant:
Union
Confederate. ..
7, (508
3,817
Total 11,425
Union wounded sent to Baltimore, in addition to above :
From Westminster 2, 000
From Littleton 2, 000
Total sent off.
Deduct Confederate wounded
Total Union wounded sent off..
Union wounded remaining on 22d instant..
4, 000
15, 4-25
3,817
11,608
1, 995
Total Union wounded
Confederate wounded sent off 3 817
Confederate wounded remaining on 22d instant 2, 922
Total Confederate wounded
Grand total in our Lands ..
fi, 739
REPORT OF SURGEON I. S. BILLINGS, U. S. A. 145
To obtain the whole number of wounded of both sides, there must be added those of Chambersburg, Carlisle, Williamsport
and Hagerstown. Before the arrival of Medical Inspector Cuyler, as fur as my time and opportunities admitted, I
endeavored to make up the deficiencies in medical supplies at Gettysburg by telegraphing to Surgeon Simpson, U. S. A., at
Baltimore. In reply, he ordered liberal supplies of alcohol, solution chloride of soda, tincture of iron, creasote, nitric acid,
permanganate of potassa. buckets, tin cups, stretchers, bed sacks and stationery of all kinds for ten thousand men in field
hospitals. On the day after my arrival, the demand for stationery, disinfectants, iodine, tincture of iron and some other articles
was so great and immediate that I purchased them in Gettysburg, and sent the bills to the quartermaster there for payment.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
EDW. P. VOLLUM,
To the SURGEON GENERAL U. S. AUMY. Medical Inspector U. S. Army.
CXXXHI. fiecond Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By
Assistant Surgeon J. S. BILLINGS, U. S. Army.
* * "About the middle of June, the 2d division of the Fifth Corps took up its line of march, which, passing,
successively, through Benson's Mills, Catlett's Station, Manassas, Centreville, Gum Spring, Aldie Gap, Leesburg, Edwards's
Ferry and Frederick, terminated, so far as I was concerned, at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, on the morning of the '2d of July.
On this march, all the ambulances were collected into a train, which followed immediately behind the division, and was super
intended by a medical officer detailed for the purpose. Transportation was allowed in the proportion of one wagon for the
medical supplies of two regiments, and this train of wagons followed close behind the ambulances. For the approaching battle,
I was detailed as surgeon in charge of the field hospital of the division, and, also, as one of the operators, my assistants being
Assistant Surgeons Whittingham and Breneman, U. S. A. At this time, I was attached to the 7th Infantry, and also acted as
medical officer for the IDth Infantry during the march. On the 1st of July, about four o'clock P. M., the division reached
Hanover, distant about twelve miles from Gettysburg, and went into camp. Just as the tents were fairly pitched, news came
of the repulse of the First Corps, and a few minutes later, we were on the road to Gettysburg. About six A. M., July Ud, the
division marched into position, and formed line of battle on the right of the somewhat horse-shoe shaped line in which our
army was drawn up. : ' About half past three o'clock P. M , the division was brought into action, marching down a little
road to the right of the large conical hill called Round Top, which was on the extreme left of the long arm of our horse-shoe
like I'm? of battle. I accompanied my regiment until they were under fire, and was then ordered to repair to a large stone
house and barn, near the base of Round Top, and there establish a field hospital. When I reached the place, our skirmishers
were lying behind the stone walls around the house, and as I rode up, a small body of rebels further up the hill, and about
seventy-five yards off, saluted me with a volley. They were captured a moment afterwards by a regiment which had passed
between them and their own line. On entering the house, I found it unoccupied, and bearing evident traces of the hasty
desertion of its inmates. A good fire was blazing in the kitchen stove, a large quantity of dough was mixed up, the hake-pans
were greased ; in short, everything was ready for use. I immediately set my attendants at work baking bread and heating
large boilers of water. In five minutes, I was joined by the other medical officers detailed for the ho»pital. The ambulance
trains reported to me fifteen minutes later, having with it three Autenrieth wagons, and by the time the operating tables were
set up, and materials for dressing arranged, the wounded began to pour in. I performed a large number of operations of
various kinds, received and fed seven hundred and fifty wounded, and worked all that night without cessation. An agent
of the Sanitary Commission visited me in the evenimjf, and furnished me with a barrel of crackers, a few lemons, etc. Of
stimulants, chloroform, morphine and materials for dressing, the Autenrieth wagons furnished an ample supply.
On July :5d, at seven o'clock A. M., I was ordered by Surgeon Milliau, medical director of the corps, to remove the
hospital to a point about one mile to the rear. This was done as rapidly as possible. A few shells began to drop in as the
first train of ambulances moved off, and by eleven o'clock A. M.,the fire on that point was quite brisk. Little or no damage was
done, however, and by four o'clock P. M., all the wounded were safely removed. The new site was a grove of large trees,
entirely free from underbrush, on the banks of a little creek, about half a mile from the Baltimore turnpike. By means of
shelter-tents, india-rubber blankets, etc., shelter was arranged for all the worst cases, and two thousand dry rations, with three
oxen, were sent to the hospital by Doctor Milhau in the course of the afternoon. All of this day, I was employed in operating
and in dressing the more urgent (rases. The following morning, it began to rain, and continued to do so for five days and
nights with very little cessation. On the morning of the f>th, the regimental medical supply wagons came up, and from them I
removed all the hospital tents and tent Hies, with two hospital mess chests. On this day, the division moved. I was left
behind in charge of the hospital, which then contained about eight hundred wounded. Twenty men were detailed from the
division to act as assistants about the hospital. I was also given two ambulances and two six-mule wagons. The ambulance
train, which had up to this time been engaged in collecting the wounded of the division from the various corps hospitals to
which some of them had been carried, and in hauling straw for bedding, accompanied the division, as did also the Autenrieth
wagons. By this time, Assistant Surgeon Brinton had reached White church with a special medical supply train, and from
him I procured such supplies as were most needed. The greatest want which I experienced was that of tools. I had not a
shovel or pick with which to bury the dead or construct sinks, and no axes. I was compelled to send out a foraging party
to the farm houses, who, after a day's labor, succeeded in procuring two shovels and an axe. Seventeen hospital tents were
pitched, and in these were placed all the most severe cases, about seventy-five in number. Under the tent flies, I placed one
hundred more patients, and the remainder were all under shelter-tents, and were arranged by regiments. By means of the
wagons, I proem ed abundance of clean fresh straw from about five miles distance, and commissary stores and fresh beet' were
furnished <i<l lihitmn. Assistant Surgeons Ramsay, Whittingham, Bacon and Breneman, U. S. A., and two surgeons of
volunteer regiments, whose names I cannot at this moment recall, remained with me, and through their energy and zeal the
19
146 APPENDED DOCUMENTS — BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.
labor of organizing the hospital was quickly completed. Especial praise is due to Doctors Ramsay and Whittingham, whose
labors were unceasing, and from whom I received many valuable suggestions. Very few shell wounds came under my
notice at this battle, and none from round balls or buckshot. Most of the wounds were from the conoidal ball, and a large
proportion were in the lower extremities. Of three exsections of the shoulder joint, all were successful in so far as that the
patients recovered. In one case, I removed four and a half inches of the shaft. No cases of tetanus occurred in this hospital.
Of secondary haemorrhage there were thirteen cases up to the 22d of July, at which time I left the hospital. Three of these
cases occurred after amputation of the thigh ; in two the haemorrhage was arrested by pressure, and, in the third, it, was found
necessary to open the flaps and secure the bleeding vessel. Three cases of haemorrhage from the anterior tibial artery occurred ;
two were arrested by pressure, and, in the third, amputation was performed with a good result. In one case, the internal
maxillary was the bleeding vessel. The haemorrhage in this case was readily controlled by pressure and persulphate of iron.
Assistant Surgeon Howard, U. S. A., left in the hospital six cases of gunshot wounds of the thorax, all of which he had
-treated by hermetically sealing the orifice with collodion. Four of these men died. What became of the other two, I do not
know. In one of these cases, I made a post mortem examination, and found an abscess of the lung, communicating with the
pleural cavity, which last was filled with a sanio purulent fluid. Four cases of a similar nature were treated with moist
charpie. One of these died, and one was dying when I left; the other two were, in my opinion, in a fair way to recover. Five
cases of gunshot fracture of the cranium came under niy notice. Four ot these involved the occipital bone, and all were fatal.
A low muttering form of delirium, with occasional paroxysms of furious mania, was present in all from the commencement.
Two cases occurred of gunshot fracture of the femur in the upper third. Both Avere treated by Smith's anterior splint, and
one died. In no case of fracture of the long bones did I attempt any formal resection, but confined myself to removing
splinters and foreign bodies, and cutting off very sharp projecting points with the bone forceps. From my experience in
Clift'burne hospital, I am convinced that regular resections in such cases are worse than doing nothing at all. I partially
resected the elbow joint in two cases, and the wrist in three. The wounds generally granulated and took on a healthy
appearance with great and unusual rapidity, which fact I attributed to the following circumstances : they were in the open
air, were, many of them, exposed for the first few days to a warm rain; they had plenty of good food, and flaxseed poultices
were unknown."
CXXXIV. Fifth Extract from Memoranda for the Surgical History of the War. By
Assistant Surgeon B. HOWARD, U. S. Army.
" Reconnoisance in force was made across the Rappahannock on the 9th of June, 1863. The forces crossed
at Kelly's and Rappahannock Fords, and encountered the enemy at Brandy Station, when a brisk fight ensued, confined
mainly to the cavalry on both sides. The wounded were brought to Kelly's and Rappahannock Fords as fast as possible.
Those taken to the latter place were immediately placed on the cars for Alexandria; those arriving at Kelly's Ford were
unprovided for. I immediately converted the Mount Zion brick church near the ford into an hospital. All the wounds were
properly dressed at once, and necessary operations performed. The wounds were mainly sabre cuts ; one man had five of
these. The entire force recrossed the same evening. Next morning, all the patients were sent from Mount Zion to Rappa
hannock Station, by ambulances, and shipped thence by railroad to, Alexandria. The supplies were ample. * * At the
battle of Gettysburg, the 2d division of the Fifth Corps, with the artillery brigade, got into position on and about a ridge near
little Round Top about five o'clock p. M. of the 2d of July, and were, in a few minutes, hotly engaged. The field hospital of
the command was established at a stone house, about half a mile to the left and a quarter of a mile to the rear of our front.
Just before noon, next day, the hospital was shelled so furiously that we removed the wounded in great haste to some Avoods,
beside a creek, about two miles further to the rear. In the absence of all means of shelter, the Avounded Avere exposed to an
exceedingly heavy rain. Supplies were sufficient; surgeons Avere detailed to remain at this hospital, Avhile the rest joined the
army, which, on the 5th of July, advanced toAvards Williamsport." *
CXXXV. Third Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By
Assistant Surgeon C. BACON, IT. S. Army.
•'May '27th, at my own request, I was transferred for duty to the 2d U. S. Infantry, belonging to the 2d
brigade of the division. On the 3d of June, the division was advanced to protect the fords of the Rappahannock, the 2d
brigade resting at Benson's Mill. On the 13th, the camp Avas broken up and the command moved by way of Centreville to
Gum Springs, Virginia ; thence, after resting a few days, to Aldie, Virginia. The second day's inarch, while ascending from
the lowlands of the Rappahannock, was very severe, owing to the Avant of Avater and the great heat. June 15th, 16th and 17th
Avere also excessively hot. Numbers of the men were overpoAvered by the heat of the sun, falling insensible from exhaustion,
but no fatal cases of sunstroke occurred. The want of transportation for the sick was severely felt the first two days of the
march; as a consequence, those who Avere too sick to march Avere obliged to be left on the road. Subsequently, ambulances
accompanied each command of the division. On the '26th of June, the division resumed its inarch, proceeding by way of
Leesburg, Virginia, to Frederick, Maryland. Thence it moved by way of Hanover, Pennsylvania, to Gettysburg. The
regiment engaged in the battle of Gettysburg, July 2d, meeting with a loss of over seventy-five men, being about fifty-eight per
centum of those engaged, including officers and men. I was not present at the engagement, having been detailed for duty at the
division hospital as one of the operating staff'. The action in Avhich the division was engaged Avas short and destructive, placing
in hospital over six hundred wounded, Avho Avere removed from the field of battle by ambulances. July 3d, the building occupied as
EEPORTS OF SUBGEONS BACON AND LYMAN. 147
hospital became untenable, being immediately in the line of the fire from the enemy's guns. It was, therefore, removed to a point
some two miles to the rear of the position of our army. This occupied much of the day, during which the hospital was
frequently under fire. * * Toward the evening of the third day of the battle (July 3d), a heavy rain began, falling also
during the nights of the 4th and 6th, and continuing July 7th and 8th. At an early period, the hospital tents of the division
Avere brought up, having, previous to the battle, been sent to the rear with the division transportation. These, however,
accommodated but a small portion of the wounded. Preference was given to those who had sustained operations, and to the
flie most severely injured. The remainder were but imperfectly protected from the rains, their shelter being only such
as could be constructed by means of shelter tents. The straw used for bedding consequently became damp, and, the rains
continuing incessantly, little opportunity was given to dry it for several days. Under direction of the surgeon in charge,
Assistant Surgeon Billings, U. S. A., stimulants were freely distributed during this period. So far as I know, no cases of
tetanus followed this exposure, nor had I seen tetanus ensuing from the exposure of the wounded at Chancel! orsville. The
wounds presented at the battle of Gettysburg, as at Chancellorsville and at the battles in Maryland, were principally made by
the minie bullet. : Pyaemia was frequently the result of these wounds. It was common after our capital operations, and
almost invariably proved fatal. I have notes of but one case of erysipelas resulting in death. * '* At different periods, the
minor cases and those rapidly recovering from injuries were transferred to the military hospitals at York, Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia and Baltimore. The major operations and injuries of a complicated character were retained until immediately
preceding the breaking up of the hospital, when they were transferred to the general hospital at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
The health of most of the surgeons became impaired by their duties. Of eleven surgeons on duty at different periods during
the permanent organization of the hospital, eight were taken ill, or were absent on sick leave early after rejoining their
commands. August 2d, the division hospital was broken up, when I rejoined my command, then lying at Eappahannock
Station, on the Orange and Alexandria railroad. I was, while on duty at Gettysburg, seized with an inflammatory diarrhoea.
Continuing my duties, I became much reduced. My illness rendered me incapable of enduring exposure to the excessive
heat of the sun, and on returning to my command, I was prostrated by a sunstroke, which, however, left no ill effects further
than increasing my debility."
CXXXYI. Extract from a 1'eport ivith regard to the Jlattle of Gettysburg. By Surgeon J.
W. LYMAN, 57th Pennsylvania Volunteers.
* At the engagement of the 2d and 3d of July, 1863, the 1st division of the Third Corps took an active part,
losing heavily in killed and wounded. Early in the forenoon of the 3d, whilst the division was taking position on the extreme
left of the front line of battle, I proceeded on the Taneytown road in the rear of the left of our lines to select a depot for the
wounded. Finding all the more eligible houses and barns already occupied by the Second and Eleventh Corps, which had
been engaged the day previous, I chose an old barn by the road side as offering the best accommodations in the immediate
neighborhood, and leaving Surgeon Everts to occupy the place, returned to the command, and notified the medical officers of the
locality chosen. The hospital and supply wagons were ordered up, tables prepared, and everything was in readiness when the
engagement commenced. In fact, we had received a large number of wounded from the skirmishing parties sent out before
the battle became general; after which, it was discovered that our position was much exposed not only to shell and shot, but to
the musketry of the enemy, compelling us to abandon it, and take up a new position at a large stone barn in the direction of
the Baltimore pike. We occupied this position during the remainder of the day and the night following, the entire force of
medical officers being busily engaged all night in caring for the wounded brought from the field. Early on the 3d, I received
notice from the acting medical director of the corps to move the wounded of the 1st division to a place admirably selected by
him for a corps hospital in the field, still further removed from danger, and where, in addition to a finely wooded and shady
elope, we had a fine stream of running water. The change was soon effected, the operating staff of the division, placing their
tables near each other, were constantly employed, while the remaining officers were no less busily engaged in dressing and
supplying the general wants of the hundreds of wounded men who continued to increase our numbers during that day and the
succeeding night. As usual, a large proportion of the graver cases of injury were the last to be brought from the field, and
the cases for operation on the night of the 3d and morning of the 4th accumulated, occupying the entire operating force without
intermission. From the tabular statement of wounded in the hospital of the 1st division, it appears that there were ninety-seven
cases operated upon, there being no less than fifty-three amputations, seventeen of which were of the thigh, eleven of the leg,
eleven of the forearm and eleven of the arm (a singular coincidence of numbers), the whole number of wounded being eight
hundred and thirteen. This statement does not include the whole number of the wounded of the division, nor the full number
of operations, as many slight wounds dressed on the field, as is always the case, did not come under the observation of the
recorder, and many grave cases, followed by operations, fell into the hands of other surgeons, as those from other divisions fell
into our hands. The whole number of wounded in the division, as shown by official reports in the office of the adjutant general
of the division, was one thousand four hundred and fifty-eight, showing a discrepancy between the actual number wounded
and the number recorded as receiving surgical attention in the hospitals of the division of six hundred and forty-five. I am
happy to report that, notwithstanding the obstructions met with in procuring supplies from the commissary department, owing
to" the supplies in ambulances and supply wagons, and the energetic and faithful labor of Assistant Surgeon Albion Cobb, 4th
Maine, in charge of the cooking department, the wounded of the division suffered but slight inconvenience from want of
food." *
148 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, 1804.
CXXXVII. Report of the Medical Director of the Army of the Potomac, from January 14
to July 31, 1864. By Surgeon THOMAS A. McPAKLiN, U. S. Army.
HEADQUARTERS AUMY OF THE POTOMAC,
MEDICAL DIRECTOR'S OFFICE, November 28, 1864.
GENERAL: I have the honor to submit to you a report of the condition and operations of the Medical Department of the
army of the Potomac under my direction. January 14, 1864, I relieved Surgeon J. Letterman, U. S. A. The excellent*
condition of the department at that period evidenced the success of his labors. It became my duty to prepare it for a campaign
which would tax its highest powers. At that time, the army consisted of the First, Second, Third, Fifth and Sixth Corps, the
Cavalry Corps, the Artillery Reserve, the Provost Marshal General's Brigade and the Engineer Brigade. The preparation
of supplies and facilities for their storage, transportation and distribution, in the amounts required for the campaign, became
necessary. The changes which had been made in the organization of the army rendered changes in the Medical Department
necessary. Absent officers were recalled, vacancies were noted and filled, and the maximum of personnel and materiel allowed,
were made known and maintained. To some extent, the means of transportation for the Medical Department still remained
with the regimental quartermasters. As late as March 29, 1864, Surgeon E. B. Dalton, U. S. V., ascertained some deficiencies
of ambulances, hospital tents and transportation in the second division of the Cavalry Corps. Frequent inspections were made
to secure all wagons, harness, mules, camp and garrison equipage, clothing and other quartermaster's property, and funds were
drawn by the ambulance corps as required for the duties incident to the care and comfort of the sick and wounded. It was
constantly necessary to preserve the division of responsibility and property between the medical and ambulance officers, that
each should receive and account for what was proper to his own department. Neglects to make returns, followed by stoppage
of pay, were otherwise to be expected in the new organization. Attempts were made to institute some system of ambulance
service to meet the necessities of the artillery reserve, but without success, until the order promulgating the ambulance law
was issued. Under its provisions, the artillery reserve and the artillery brigades of corps and other independent commands
were adequately provided for. The importance of a proper diet during the winter preceding the campaign, to enable the troops
to resist the depressing influence of ordinary fatigues, privations and exposure, and to preserve them vigorous to the latest
period before active operations commenced, had not been overlooked, and reports of the issue of vegetables, soft bread and
other valuable articles of the ration had been required. An appearance of scorbutic taint in the cavalry, and the detection of
discrepancies in reports in that and the Second Corps in regard to issues, called for investigations, and it is believed that
greater vigilance was exercised thereafter by commissaries, medical officers and others. I estimate the strength of the
Ambulance Corps as follows: For the month of May, sixty officers and twenty-three hundred enlisted men; June, seventy
officers and twenty seven hundred enlisted men; July, sixty-six officers and twenty-six hundred enlisted men. The number
of ambulances was near eight hundred. The number of medical officers in the army in May amounted to six hundred and
ninety-nine. In June, it had advanced to seven hundred and seventy-five ; in July, it was six hundred and twenty-seven.
Hospital stewards, not regimental, in May, forty; in June, thirty five; in July, forty-two. I had associated with me upon
duty an assistant medical director, two inspectors, a medical purveyor and assistant, and one assistant surgeon (Assistant
Surgeon J. S. Billings, U. S. A.), specially assigned to collect and prepare statistics and data connected with the operations
of the department. The results of his labors appear in the following narrative :
During the months of January, February, March and April, 1831, the army of the Potomac continued to occupy the line
of the Rapidan, guarding the Orange and Alexandria railroad, and having Brandy Station as its principal depot for supplies.
The country, being elevated and undulating, afforded excellent sites for camps, which were generally well located, well
drained and supplied with good spring water. The winter quarters of the troops were completed during the month of January,
consisting for the most part of log huts about eight feet square, the walls four feet high, and roofed with shelter-tents, each
hut accommodating from three to five men. Much skill and taste was evinced in the arrangement of many of the camps.
Those of the Maine regiments were especially noticeable for the neatness and comfort of their huts. The beds of the men were
in all cases raised from the ground, and the huts were all warmed by open fire-places. The rations furnished during this period
were abundant in quantity, and of good quality and variety, the average weekly issue, including three days rations of fresh
beef, three and a half of fresh bread, four and a half of potatoes and two and a third of other vegetables. The following figures,
which show this point more clearly, are furnished from the records of the Chief Commissary of the Army :
Statement of quantities of antiscorbutic articles of food issued to the Army of the Potomac
during the period commencing January 1, 1864, and ending April 1, 1864.
ARTICLES.
Soft bread
Potatoes . .
Onions
Turnips
Cabbage (in currey )
Pickles
Desiccated potatoes
Desiccated mixed vegetable;
Dried apples
QUANTITIES.
7, 356, 200 rations.
2,229,551 pounds.
399, 623 pounds.
80, 170 pounds.
11,795 gallons.
4, 820 gallons.
600 pounds.
5, 320 pounds.
551,812 pounds.
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR McPAELIN. 14.9
The clothing and bedding of the men were abundant and of good quality. The camp and personal police were, as a
general rule, well attended to. The morale of the troops was excellent. They had had a long rest, and, in most cases, thirty
days' furlough. The sick list of the army was small, between four and five per cent., while the weekly mortality was only
0. 002 per cent. The majority of the cases taken on sick report were slight in character, the principal diseases being catarrhal
affections, malarial fevers and venereal, the latter being extremely prevalent among the veterans returning from furlough. A
few sporadic cases of variola and varioloid occurred during the months of March and April, but the disease was of a mild
type, and showed no tendency to spread. Every precaution was taken to isolate these cases, and the entire army was vaccinated
as fast as vaccine matter could be procured. The sick of the army were chiefly treated in regimental hospitals during the early
part of the winter. Division hospitals, to which the more severe cases were sent, were organized during the month of February.
These hospitals were floored with boards, and heated by means of open fire-places, and their condition, as shown by the monthly
inspection reports, was in every way good. Jellies and canned fruits were kept on hand and issued by the medical purveyor
and from the fund created by the tax on newspaper venders and sutlers, which had been put at the disposal of the medical
director of the a7-my. Funds were turned over to the medical directors of corps, during the months of February, March and
April, to be expended for oysters, and other delicacies required by the sick.
In accordance with orders received from the Surgeon General and the Commanding General of the Army, the following
numbers of aick were sent to Washington during this period : February 1st and 2d, one thousand and fifty -two ; March '24th and
25th, one thousand three hundred and eighty; April 20th, one thousand seven hundred and eighty; May 2d and 3d, one
thousand five hundred and twenty-six ; total, fi ve thousand seven hundred and thirty-eight. These sick were sent, via the Orange
and Alexandria railroad, on special trains, which were about seven hours in making the trip. A large number of recruits,
substitutes and drafted men were sent to the army during this period, and among them were many entirely unfit to perform the
duties of a soldier. By a special report of Surgeon E. 15. Dalton, U. S. V., it appears that of fifty-seven recruits sent to the
6th New York Heavy Artillery, seventeen were hopelessly disabled from causes which must have long existed, and, in some of
the cases, from causes which must have been apparent, even to a non-professional man, such as curvature of the spine, loss of
part of the right hand, double hernia, idiocy, etc. By a special report of Assistant Surgeon Geo. M. McGill, U. S. A., dated
March '2, 1864, it appears that among the recruits received by the Cavalry Corps, the number on sick report averaged thirty-two
per centum ; of permanently disabled men, eight per centum ; and of deaths, one-half per centum. In consequence of this report,
an order was issued by Major General Pleasonton, commanding the Cavalry Corps, that recruits should not be put upon outpost
duty for two months after their arrival at the army. Examining boards were appointed in each corps for the examination of
recruits, and the objectionable were eliminated, but there still remained a number of youths, from eighteen to twenty years of
acre, who presented nothing absolutely exceptionable, but who soon broke down in the long marches of the succeeding campaign,
and were a useless burden to the army. No important movements of troops, or engagements occurred during this period, except
a sharp skirmish at Morton's Ford, on the 7th of February, by a portion of the Second Corps, in which our loss was ten killed,
two hundred wounded and forty missing. The wounded were conveyed directly to the division hospitals of the corps, and
were there retained and treated. Two or three cavalry expeditions were also made, the principal one being that known as
Kilpatrick's raid, February 29 and March 1 and 2, 1864, a special report of which, by Surgeon Hackley, is herewith
forwarded. Thus, well sheltered, well fed and well clothed, refreshed by a long rest, with visits to home and friends, and full
of confidence in their cause and their leaders, the army of the Potomac, on the 1st of May, 1864, was in as good condition as to
health, strength and morale as is possible for so large a body of troops.
The consolidation of the five infantry corps of the army into three by General Orders No. 10, dated headquarters of
the armv of the Potomac. March 24, 1H64, and the passage of the Act of Congress fixing the ambulance system, approved
March 11, 1864, enabled the medical department of the armv to perfect its organization, and establish itself on a firm basis.
The medical department was placed upon the same footing as the other staff corps by Special Orders No. 197, dated head
quarters army of the Potomac, April 12, 1864, which designated the surgeons-in-chief of brigades and divisions, thus rendering
their position to a great extent independent of the caprice of brigade and division commanders.
As the provisions of the ambulance law corresponded in all essential particulars to the system already instituted in the
army bv Surgeon Letter-man, no ditlieulty or delay occurred in its adoption. All of the ambulances were thoroughly repaired,
painted and marked with the distinctive badge of their several divisions and corps, details of medical officers and men for the
ambulance service were made, and the persons so selected were carefully examined. As was to be expected, a large portion of
those first detailed were rejected, regimental commanders having attempted to rid themselves of their weak and worthless men.
The men attached to the ambulances were carefully and regularly drilled, minute inspections of everything connected with the
ambulances and horses were made, and guidons and hospital flags were procured and distributed. The results of the labor and
preparation thus expended will appear in this report. Tens of thousands of wounded men have been carefully, speedily and
safely transferred from the field of battle to the field hospitals, and from thence to the large depot hospitals, and this has been
done without confusion, without hindering the movements of the army or conflicting with the operations of the other staff
departments. Closely connected with the ambulance system, and, to a great extent, dependant upon it, followed the organization
of a system of field hospitals. The amount of transportation allowed for medical purposes was three wagons to each brigade
of one thousand five hundred men, and one wagon for each additional thousand men. This allowance proved ample. The
amount of regimental hospital property to be transported was reduced to a minimum, all the hospital tents and stores being
turned over to the division hospitals. The medical staff of these hospitals was the same as established by Surgeon Letterman,
viz. : one Burgeon in charge, one recorder, three operators, each with two or more assistants, and one medical officer to provide
food and shelter. As the plan of the division hospitals varied somewhat, a brief sketch of the hospitals of the first division
of each corps will perhaps best illustrate their peculiarities.
In the 1st division. Second Corps, twenty-two hospital tents, fourteen army wagons and four medicine wagons were
allowed for medical purposes, the division containing four brigades, twenty-one regiments and eight thousand men. Six of the
armv wagons carried the regimental medical property; four, the brigade supplies; two, the hospital touts; one. the cooking
150 APPENDED DOCUMENTS AEMY OF THE POTOMAC, 1864.
utensils and three hundred rations, and one was loaded with blankets, beef-stock, whiskey, chloroform, bandages, lint, etc., etc.
In pitching the hospital, no attention was paid to brigade organizations, except that an operating table was established for each
brisrade, the corresponding medicine wagon being drawn up beside it, and the surgeons-iii-chief of brigades were ex officio the
operators. Thirty-six regular hospital attendants were employed in the preparation and distribution of food, dressing wounds
and care of the patients. These men wore on the left arm a half chevron, composed of a green and yellow stripe. During a
battle, or series of battles, the drum corps of the division, numbering three hundred and fifty men and boys, were put on duty
in the hospital, being organized into five companies, commanded each by a sergeant, and the whole commanded by a lieutenant,
bavin"' an orderly sergeant as an assistant. From this corps, details were made, whenever called for by the surgeon in charge,
for pitching and striking tents, loading and unloading wounded, bringing water and wood, burying the dead and for police
duty. A provost guard was present at the hospital during an engagement for the purpose of arresting malingerers, etc. One
medical officer followed each regiment into action, the remaining surgeons, with the exception of those in the division hospitals,
remaining at the advance ambulance depot, which was usually about five hundred yards in the rear of the line of battle. When
a lanre number of wounded were brought in, these last were sent to the division hospital to act as dressers, etc., etc.
In the 1st division, Fifth Corps, twenty-five tents, fourteen army wagons and three medicine wagons were allowed, the
division containing twenty-one regiments, three brigades and eight thousand one hundred men. Five of the army wagons
carried the brigade and regimental supplies; three, the tents; two, the cooking apparatus and one thousand five hundred
rations ; and four, the blankets and other hospital stores. The tents in this hospital were pitched by brigades, the operating tables
being arranged as in the Second Corps. Thirty-six hospital attendants were employed. The drum corps of the 1st division was
employed during the first two weeks of the campaign ; after that, it was sent to the front, and twelve pioneers performed its
duties. A provost guard was furnished the hospital. The medical officers not on duty at the division hospitals formed advance
depots near the line of battle, one or two depots being formed for each brigade.
In the 1st division, Sixth Corps, twenty-four tents, seventeen army wagons and four medicine wagons were allowed,
the division containing four brigades, seventeen regiments and eight thousand men. Eight of the army wagons carried the
regimental medical property ; four, the brigade supplies ; and five, the tents and division hospital supplies. One of these last was
used more especially to form a small flying hospital for the division while on the march. The tents were pitched by brigades.
Thirty-four hospital attendants were employed, but no drum corps or pioneers, except when detailed in emergencies. The tents
•were pitched and struck by the men belonging to the ambulance train, who had been especially drilled in that duty. Two
depot hospitals for each brigade were established as near the line of battle as possible, the advance ambulances being close at
hand, a second ambulance depot being usually formed about half a mile in the rear. Each of these division hospitals could be
pitched or taken down and packed in the wagons in forty-five minutes. The ambulances of the divisions, when not in use,
were parked close by the hospital, the stretcher bearers remaining at the front with the troops. The regimental medical
property was never used during the campaign, and, as in the Fifth Corps, very little was carried. A much larger proportion
of transportation was available for the division hospitals than in the other corps, and rations, clothing, condensed milk and
canned meats and fruits were carried without difficulty.
In the Cavalry Corps, no system of division field hospitals was organized, owing to the peculiar nature of their service;
their hospital train was, by order or by circumstance, seldom near enough to be available during an engagement, and was
entirely absent during their long expeditions and raids. The usual operating staff was detailed, however, and a full supply was
carried in their train ; the nearest available house was used as a hospital, and the wounded were, in ihany instances, subsisted
by foraging, as will be seen by the reports of the cavalry raids. The Cavalry Corps hospital consisted of twenty-two tents,
with furniture and hospital stores, medical officers, attendants, etc., the whole under charge of Surgeon Samuel B. \V. Mitchell,
8th Pennsylvania Cavalry. It was kept up during the winter, and sent back to Alexandria on the 1st of May, from which
point it moved directly to Fredericksburg as soon as the road was opened.
The medical and hospital supplies of the army were carried in the brigade supply and medicine wagons, the regimental
and division hospital wagons, the ambulance boxes, hospital knapsacks and field companions, and in a reserve train of thirty-
five army wagons which moved with the main trains of the army, and was under the charge of Assistant Surgeon J. B. Brinton,
11. S. A., the medical purveyor of the army. The amount of medical and hospital supplies carried with the army is shown in
the schedule marked " A," herewith transmitted. The means of transportation and the amount of camp and garrison equipage
carried is, in like manner, shown by schedule " B." This supply was estimated as sufficient for the wants of the army until
June 1, 1864, and for the necessities of twenty thousand wounded for eight days in addition. The medical purveyor had, also,
under his control a large and commodious storehouse in Alexandria, in which a large amount of stores were placed in such a
manner that they could be speedily forwarded either by boat or rail. A requisition for a complete three months' supply for the
army, for the period from July 1, 1864, to September 30, 1864, was sent in by the medical purveyor during the latter part of
April. This supply reached the army at White House on the 1st of June. The Sanitary Commission had five wagons in the
army. The supplies carried in them are also given in schedule "A." The corps of medical directors exercised their own
discretion as to the movements of these wagons with the hospital trains.
During the last week in April, all the sick and wounded were sent to Washington, the hospitals were broken up, all
the surplus property sent to the rear, and every preparation made for an immediate movement. The medical purveyor's depot
at Brandy Station was broken up, and the surplus supplies sent to Alexandria on the 8th of May. This depot had been kept
up till the last moment, that every brigade might have a complete month's supply on hand at the start. On the 5th of May, the
Fifth Corps, which had, up to that time, been guarding the railroad from Fairfax to Eappahannock Station, was concentrated
near Brandy Station and Culpepper, its place being taken up by the Ninth Corps. On the 30th of April, the 2d division of the
Cavalry Corps was withdrawn from Warrenton, and moved to Paoli mills. The movement of the army began at midnight of
the 3d of May. The 2d and 3d divisions, Cavalry Corps, moved to Germanna and Ely's Fords on the Kapidan, at which points
canvas pontoon bridges were immediately thrown across. Two divisions of the Fifth Corps moved to Oermanna Ford by way
of Stevensburg and the plank road, taking with them a wooden pontoon bridge train, with which a second bridge was constructed
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR McPARLIN. 151
at that ford by seven o'clock A. M. of the 4th. The other two divisions of the corps followed, reaching the ford at nine o'clock
A. M. Two divisions of the Second Corps moved at midnight of the 3d to Ely's Ford, and awooden pontoon bridge was thrown
across at that point. The remainder of the corps followed at three o'clock A. M. The Sixth Corps moved at four o'clock A. M.
following the Fifth. The artillery reserve followed the Second Corps. The trains of the army moved to Richardsville.
General headquarters moved at five o'clock A. M., passing byway of Stevensburg to Germanna Ford, crossing the river at noon
and camping for the night on the heights on the south bank of the river. The 1st division of the Cavalry Corps guarded the
river from Rapidan Station to Germanna Ford, covering the rear and right flank of the army. The only means of transportation
allowed to cross the river were one-half of the infantry ammunition trains, one-half of the ambulances, one medicine wagon and
one hospital wagon to each brigade, and the light spring wagons and pack mules belonging to the various corps and division
headquarters. No opposition was made to the crossing, and as soon as the infantry had reached the river, the cavalry moved
southward, the 2d division to the vicinity of Piney Branch church, and the 3d division to the vicinity of Old Wilderness Tavern.
A small body of Confederates were found at Chancellorsville, who retreated towards Fredericksburg, and another party near
Parker's store. With these exceptions, no enemy appeared. The main body of the army had crossed the river by two o'clock
p. M., and, on the evening of the 4th, the Second Corps, with the reserve artillery, was near Chancellorsville ; the Fifth Corps,
near Old Wilderness tavern; and the Sixth Corps, on the heights south of Germanna Ford. The distance marched was about
fifteen miles, the day was cool and pleasant, the men fresh and in good spirits, and there was but little straggling. Fifty rounds
of ammunition, three days' full rations in the haversacks and three days' short rations in the knapsacks were carried by each
soldier. Three days' rations of fresh beef on the hoof were also taken across the river.
Early on the morning of the 5th of May, it was found that the enemy were advancing from Orange Court-house, with the
design of striking our column at right angles while in line of march. The original intention of moving farther southward was
temporarily abandoned, and the army moved into line of battle. The Fifth Corps held the centre, lying across the Orange
Court-house pike, parallel to and one mile west of the Germanna Ford plank-road. The division hospitals of the corps were
placed on a slope of open ground by a small creek which crosses the Fredericksburg pike one mile east of Old Wilderness
tavern. Water for the hospitals was obtained from excellent springs in the vicinity. Tents were pitched, operating tables and
kitchens prepared, surgeons and attendants were at their posts, and everything was in readiness for the reception of the wounded
an hour before the cases began to arrive. The advance depot for the ambulances was near the turnpike, about four hundred
yards behind the line of battle. A surgeon, with attendants, was stationed at Old Wilderness tavern for the purpose of dressing
the slightly wounded who might be straggling along the road, having passed by the advance hospitals without being cared for.
The wounded began to come in about twelve o'clock M., and by nine o'clock P. M., twelve hundred and thirty-five men had been
received, fed, dressed and sheltered.
The Sixth Corps was posted on the right of the Fifth, extending to the river, the second division moving during the day
to the left of the Fifth Corps. The hospitals of the first division of this corps were at the Spottswood house, on the Germania
Ford turnpike ; that of the second division, on the Old Wilderness Run, near Woodville Mine, and that of the third division, near
Old Wilderness Tavern. About one thousand wounded were brought in during the day, the greater part from the second division.
The Second Corps got into position during the day along the Brock road, leaving an interval of nearly two miles between its
right and the left of the Fifth Corps. This space was for the most part filled up during the day by General Burnside's command
and one division of the Sixth Corps. The hospitals of the Second Corps were located near Carpenter's house, one mile south
east of the junction of the Germanna Ford and Chancellorsville plank-roads. The site was a good one, with good water and
two ambulance roads leading to the front, which was only a mile distant. About six hundred wounded were received during
the day. The trains of the army crossed during the day at Ely's and Catharpin Mine Fords, and moved one part to
Chancellorsville, the other to the vicinity of Woodville Mine. The 1st division cavalry crossed after the trains and moved to
Oldricli's, picketing the roads towards Fredericksburg. The other divisions of the corps engaged with the enemy's cavalry, during
the day, in the vicinity of Todd's tavern, and had about one hundred wounded. A temporary hospital was established at
Brown's house, about half a mile northeast of Todd's tavern, where all the wounded were dressed and fed. and the necessary
operations performed, They were then removed to the tent hospitals of the corps, one of which was established near Elv's Ford ;
the other, near the hospitals of the Fifth Corps. During the day, army headquarters were on a little knoll near AVoodville
Mine. During the 6th and 7th of May, the battle of the Wilderness continued, the corps and divisions remaining in nearly the
same relative positions. As has been well said, "this was a battle which no man saw or could see," fought in the midst of
dense thickets of second growth underbrush and evergreens, rendering the use of artillery almost impossible, and compelling
the opposing lines to approach very near in order to see each other. It was a series of fierce attacks and repulses on either side,
and the hostile lines swayed back and forth over a strip of ground two hundred yards to a mile in width, in which the severely
wounded of both sides were scattered. This strip of woods was on fire in many places, and some of the wounded who were unable
to escape were thus either suffocated or burned to death. The number who thus perished is unknown, but it is supposed to have
been about two hundred. The stretcher-bearers of the ambulance corps followed the line of battle closely, and displayed great
gallantry in their efforts to bring off the wounded lying between the lines, but with very little success, it being almost impossible
to find wounded men lying scattered through the dense thickets, and the enemy firing at every moving light or even at the
slightest noise. The hospitals of the Second and Fifth Corps remained stationary throughout the battle; those of the Sixth
Corps were collected on the night of May 6th, and moved to the vicinity of Dowdall's tavern, on the Fredericksburg turnpike.
This removal was necessitated by a fierce attack of the enemy upon the right wing, which forced back and threw into temporary
confusion the 3d division of the Sixth Corps. Some shells were thrown into the vicinity of the Spottswood house, injuring two
ambulances, but doing no farther damage. The records of the various hospitals were, as a general thing, carefully and
accurately kept. The hospitals of the Second Corps, however, being but a short distance from the front, the influx of patients
was so rapid, and their numbers so great, that it was not possible to record all of them. About one hundred and twenty of
the enemy's wounded were brought in, chiefly to the hospitals of the Second Corps. The total number of killed, wounded and
missing during this battle is shown by the following statement, which, however, does not include the loss of General Burnside's
152 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, 1864.
command: Number of wounded according to the classified returns, seven thousand three hundred and two; treated in
hospitals, but unrecorded, estimated, one thousand; fell into the enemy's hands, estimated, eight hundred; total, nine thousand
one hundred and two. Number killed, according to regimental reports, two thousand and nine; missing, three thousand eight
hundred and ninety-three ; total, five thousand nine hundred and two ; grand total, fifteen thousand and four. The number of
wounded according to regimental returns is ten thousand one hundred and eighty-five, or one thousand and eighty-three more than
is "iven above; but subsequent returns render it probable that this is an error. The proportion of officers wounded was very
large, being one to every sixteen enlisted men. This was due to the fact that the conflict partook of the character of skirmishing
on a large scale, and those who were the most conspicuously dressed were the first victims. For a similar reason the zouave
brigade of the 1st division, Fifth Corps, whose uniforms were braided with red and yellow scrolls, met with a very heavy loss.
The relative proportion of killed was also large, being nearly one to every five wounded. Only two hundred and forty wounds
from cannon shot and shell were observed. As a somewhat interesting fact bearing upon the character of the conflict, it may
be mentioned that it is stated by the chief ordnance officer that but eleven rounds of ammunition per man were used by the army
during the three days' fight. Ample supplies of all kinds were on hand in all the hospitals. The medical purveyor, with his
wagon train, was at W oodville Mine, and reported that he was ready to issue by five o'clock p. M. of May 5tli, but no requisitions
were sent in, as the supplies carried in the ambulances and field hospital trains were even more abundant than the emergency
required. All the ambulances and hospital wagons were at the several hospitals by nine o'clock A.. M. of May (ith. The labors
of the ambulance corps during this battle were very severe. The ambulances of the Fifth and Sixth Corps travelled about
fifty mill's on the 6th of May. Every wounded man \vho could be reached by the stretcher-bearers was brought off the field,
and about four thousand blankets and shelter tents were collected and brought into the hospitals.
On the morning of the 7th of May, Major General Meade ordered that all the wounded should be sent to Rappahaimock
Station, by way of Ely's Ford, to be sent from thence to Washington. All the army wagons of the general and corps trains
which could be emptied were turned over to the medical department during the day, and, by six o'clock P. M., were being
loaded with wounded. These wagons were thickly bedded with evergreen boughs, over which, shelter-tents and blankets were
spread, and were comparatively comfortable for the class of cases for which they were used. Every facility was afforded by
the quartermaster's department, and without such aid, it would have been utterly impossible to have removed more than ono-
fourtli of the wounded. Three hundred and twenty-five wagons and four hundred and eighty-eight ambulances were used for
the wounded of the infantry corps, and it was found absolutely necessary to leave behind nine hundred and sixty of them for
lack of transportation. The wounded were divided into three classes: first, those able to walk; second, those unable to walk,
but able to ride in army wagons; third, those most severely wounded, including the cases of fractures of the lower extremities,
major amputations and penetrating wounds of the thoracic and abdominal cavities. Two medical officers, one hospital steward
and ten attendants were detailed to every five hundred men, and rations, dressings and medical stores furnished for three days.
Surgeon E. B. Dalton, U. S. Volunteers, was placed in charge of the entire train, and a regiment of dismounted cavalry
accompanied it as a guard. A message was sent to the Surgeon General at ten o'clock A. M., notifying him of the arrangements
made, and requesting that supplies should be sent to Rappahannock Station for the wounded remaining on the field, to be brought
by the returning train.
On the evening of May 7th, it was determined to abandon the line of the Rapidan, and the army moved during the night
to the vicinity of Spottsylvania Court-house. The train containing wounded was therefore ordered to accompany the trains
of the army to Oldrich's, on the Fredericksburg plank road, two miles south of Chancellorsville. The number of wounded
left behind in the several corps hospitals on account of lack of transportation, according to reports of the corps medical
directors, was as follows: In the Second Corps, six hundred and sixty of our ovvn'men and ninety rebels ; Fifth Corps,
two hundred of our own men and four rebels; Sixtli Corps, one hundred of our own men ; total, nine hundred and sixty of our
own men and ninety-four rebels. Hospital tents, medical officers and attendants, medicines, hospital stores and dressings and
from three to five days rations were left with them. Early in the morning of May 8th, the following order was issued:
'HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, May 8, 1864.
The wounded of the army will be immediately transported to Fredericksburg, and there put in hospital. Major General
Hancock will detail a small regiment of infantry, under a reliable commander, who, with his own regiment and the 2'2d New
York Cavalry, will escort them and take charge of the hospital. He will return the ambulances to the army, but retain the
wagons ; with which, under a flag of truce, he will endeavor to bring off the field such wounded as there was no transportation
for. The wounded will be supplied with three days' subsistence, which will be furnished by the corps commanders concerned.
By command of General MEADE. S. WILLIAMS, Assistant Adjutant General.'
At quarter to ten o'clock A. M., a message was despatched by a special agent to the Surgeon General, informing him of the
new arrangement, and requesting that medical officers and supplies should be sent at once to Fredericksburg. Sixty-eight beef
cattle were drawn from the general herd, and turned over to Surgeon Dalton, U. S. V., and lie was instructed to draw from
the purveyor's train whatever medical supplies he might deem necessary The entire train had passed Silver's house, on its
way to Frederieksburg, by eleven o'clock p. M., and arrived at its destination by eleven o'clock A. M. of the 9th, having met
with no molestation or trouble.
Within the two following weeks, about one thousand of the wounded left on the battle-field were collected and carried
to Fredericksburg by ambulances and wagons sent out from that place by Surgeon Dalton. The wounded left within the
enemy's lines were chiefly collected at the Confederate hospitals near Parker's store and Robertson's tavern. About three
hundred of these were brought away, and tents, food and dressings left with those who could not be brought off. The enemy
at first made no objection to the removal of the wounded, but, on the 14th of May, Assistant Surgeon Breneman, I). S. A.,
who went out with a train at that time, was informed that no more wounded could be removed unites a special request to that
effect should be made by Lieutenant General Grant. On the Irith of May, Doctor Breneman again went out with an
ambulance train, carrying the following letter :
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR McPARLTN*. 153
'HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE UXITKD STATES,
NEAR SPOTTSYLVANIA COURT-HOUSE, VIRGINIA, May 18, 1864.
SIR: To secure proper medical supplies and care for the wounded soldiers who, I understand, are still left in your
hospitals near Old Wilderness tavern, I would request that all who are still in your hands be delivered to Assistant Surgeon
Breneman, U. S. A., who is authorized to receipt the rolls of the same. I will state that all Confederate wounded who have
fallen into our hands are receiving good care, and abundance of supplies of all description. Such, however, as have not been
sent beyond Fredericksburg will be delivered into your hands at Chancellorsville, if you desire it.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant General,
COMMANDING OFFICER CONFEDERATE FORCES,
Near Old Wilderness Tavern, Virginia.'
The request contained in the above letter was refused, on the ground that it was not addressed to General Robert E. Lee.
Doctor Breneman was permitted, however, to send two wagon loads of food and medical supplies for the use of our wounded.
On the %22d of May, Doctor Breneman made another attempt, hut with the same result. On his return, he was stopped by
guerillas, his horse taken from him, and his pockets rifled of all papers and valuables. On the '24th, supplies were sent out
from Fredericksburg, and. on the 27th, by order of Lieutenant General Grant, Doctor Breneman again went out, accompanied
by a strong force of cavalry and infantry, and brought in all the wounded from the vicinity of Old Wilderness tavern, eighty-
six in number. On their arrival at Fredericksburg, they were placed on board a steamer lying at the wharf, and conveyed
directly to Washington. Fredericksburg was then abandoned, and no further efforts were or could be made by the medical
department of the army to bring in those wounded who were in the enemy's hospitals near Parker's store. An expedition was
sent out from Washington, however, by Surgeon R. O. Abbott, U. S. A., medical director, on the 8th of June, which brought
off forty-five wounded, all that were left, the others having been removed by the enemy. The mortality among the wounded
left in the Wilderness was very great, partly because only the most serious cases and such as could not bear transportation
were left, and partly from insufficient food and supplies. The surgeons left with the wounded were permitted to return without
molestation, and no parols were exacted from those wounded who were brought off. To those of our wounded collected at
Parker's store and Robertson's tavern, medical attendance, food and medical supplies were furnished by the Confederates in
the same proportion as to their own.
Before leaving this subject, it is to be observed that there was no interval of importance between the cessation of hostilities
and the march of the army, such as is usually available to the medical department for the withdrawal and care of the wounded
after great conflicts. The weather, during the 5th, 6th and 7th of May, was warm and dry, the nights cool and producing
heavy deposits of dew, and the roads good, although somewhat dusty.
During the morning of the 8th of May, the Cavalry Corps attacked the enemy on the Spottsylvania Court-house road,
and about two hundred and fifty wounded were soon collected at Brown's house, half a mile northeast of Todd's tavern. At
that point, their wounds were dressed, and hot soup and coffee distributed; after which, they were placed in ambulances and
wagons, and sent on as fast as possible to join the main train of wounded then moving towards Fredericksburg. The Cavalry
Corps withdrew at ten o'clock A. M., its place being taken up by the Fifth Corps, and moved towards Fredericksburg, guarding
the left Hank and rear of the army. The Fifth Corps met the enemy about eleven o'clock A. M., and a sharp engagement
ensued. The men of this corps were much fatigued, having been on the road all night. The day was hot and sultry, and
the roads very dusty, while dense woods on fire in many places covered the country, preventing the free circulation of air
or the dissipation of the clouds of dust raised by the moving troops. Some confusion occurred in the beginning of the battle,
the force of the enemy being stronger than was at first supposed, and a skirmish line was therefore formed in the rear,
which drove forward all stragglers, allowing none to fall back except those who were so severely wounded as to be unable to
walk. These last were hastily collected into little groups in hollows by the roadside, which afforded protection against
musketry. Haversacks and full canteens were furnished, and a medical officer left with each group. As soon as the line
of battle ceased to advance, all the wounded were collected at four depots in the woods, by the side of the road to Todd's
tavern and Spottsylvania Court-house, near the crossing of the Block-house road. All the ambulances were absent, being
engaged in conveying the wounded of the battle of the Wilderness to Fredericksburg, and much confusion and delay in the
collection of the wounded occurred in consequence. Slightly wounded men were straggling over the country in every direction
except towards the front, while from two to four soldiers sometimes left the ranks with severely wounded men. The regular
stretcher-bearers of the ambulance corps labored faithfully, but the number of wounded was so large, and the distance over
which they had to be carried were so great, that the evils above mentioned could not be prevented. The medicine, hospital
and commissary wagons could not be brought up, as the roads were blocked with artillery and moving columns of troops.
By nine o'clock p. M., however, about one thousand three hundred of the wounded of this corps had been collected, the hospital
trains had been brought up and three thousand four hundred rations distributed. A large portion of the wounds were slight
in their character, and about one hundred were self-inflicted.
The Second Corps engaged the enemy on the Catharpin road during the afternoon, and bad about one hundred and fifty
wounded, of whom thirty fell into the hands of the enemy. The remainder were brought off, and made comfortable at a
temporary hospital established near Grey's house. The Sixth Corps had about one hundred wounded cared for in its
temporary hospitals by night-fall. The ambulances of the Second and Sixth Corps were absent, as in the case of the Fifth
Corps, but as they had comparatively few wounded, the evil results were not so great. In order as far as possible to meet the
emergency arising from the absence of ambulances, the following order was issued by the commanding general after the state
of affairs had been brought to his notice: '• Headquarters army of the Potomac, May 8, 18(51, I?.4f> p. M. All ambulances and
spring wagons, of every description whatever, now in use at any headquarters, or by any officer of the army, for the trans
portation of baggage or for any other purposes, will immediately be turned over to the medical director for the transportation
of the wounded. The empty wagons of the supply trains will be substituted for the ambulances and spring wagons above-
154 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, 1804.
mentioned. It is expected that this order will he promptly complied with by every officer concerned. By command of Major
General Meade. (Signed) S. Williams, Assistant Adjutant General." In accordance with this order, the spring wagons were
turned over to the corps medical directors iu the course of the evening. The Second Corps furnished sixteen; the Fifth Corps,
fifteen; and the Sixth Corps, ten. Fifteen spring wagons and amhulances turned over from general headquarters were kept
together as a reserve train, under the orders of the medical director, to be used when and where they might he most needed.
These spring wagons were a good substitute for amhulances, and were of great use in the emergency.
During the 9th of May, the army remained quiet. Rations and ammunition were issued to the troops, and the army
wagons thus emptied were turned over to the medical department in the evening, to be used for the removal of wounded during
the following days.
The Cavalry Corps moved off in the morning, for the purpose of passing around the Confederate army and marching
towards Richmond. Surgeon K. W. Pease, U. S. V., the corps medical director, being unable to accompany the corps on
account of illness, Assistant Surgeon George M. McGill, U. S. A., was made acting medical director of the corps, and his
report of the expedition is appended to this report.
Early on the morning of the 9th, the hospitals of the Fifth Corps were established on a grassy lawn around Cossin's
house, situated on the Block-house road, a mile and a half in the rear of the line of battle. Water was abundant and of good
quality, and the location was excellent in every respect. The hospitals of the Second Corps were established near those of the
Fifth Corps in open ground on the south branch of the Ny river. The Sixth Corps hospitals were placed in the pine woods
on the Court-house and Piney Branch church road, half a mile north of the intersection of the Block -house road. All the
wounded were transferred to these points during the day by means of the spring wagons and stretchers. Abundance of all
kinds of supplies were on hand, including ice, there being several well filled ice houses in the vicinity. Large numbers of
blankets and shelter tents, which had been-dropped and abandoned in the woods by stragglers and wounded, were collected and
brought to the hospitals by the attendants and the field music, wTho, in some instances, were regularly deployed as skirmishers,
and sent through the woods for that purpose. About twenty-five thousand blankets and five hundred shelter tents were obtained
in this manner. The only fighting during the day was betweeen the pickets and sharpshooters, in which, however, we sustained
a heavy loss in the death of Major General John Sedgwick, commanding the Sixth Corps, who was killed by a sharpshooter
about eleven o'clock, A. M. His death was almost instantaneous, the ball entering just below the left eye, and traversing the base
of the brain. Six ambulances belonging to the artillery reserve were captured during the day. They had been sent to assist in
the removal of wounded; but the ambulance officer in charge, Lieutenant Holzburn, mistook the road, and moved towards
Chancellorsville, near which point the train was seized by a party of the enemy's cavalry. The greater part of the ambulances
sent to Fredericksburg returned during the night of May 9th. The horses were greatly exhausted by the severe and continuous
labor which they had been compelled to perform, and were badly in need of rest. All the hospital supplies in the ambulances
had been removed at Fredericksburg. During the morning of May 10th, orders were issued and arrangements made to send
to the rear the wounded in the field hospitals, using for that purpose the army wagons which had been emptied by the issue of
the rations and ammunition of the previous day, and which were going to Fredericksburg for fresh supplies. No ambulances or
spring wagons were sent, as a general engagement was going on at the time, and all were needed at the front. The train was
organized at Silver's house, near which the main trains of the army were parked, and moved from that point at five o'clock
p. M., Surgeon R. W. Pease, II. S. V., being in charge. The number of wounded sent in this train, as reported by the corps
medical directors, was as follows : Second Corps, one hundred and twenty-five wounded, using thirty-two wagons ; Fifth army
Corps, fourteen hundred and nineteen wounded, in one hundred and ninety-six wagons; Sixth Army Corps, one hundred and
fifty wounded, in thirty-five wagons; total, sixteen hundred and ninety -four wounded and two hundred and sixty-three wagons.
To the above reported numbers should be added about six hundred slightly wounded, who moved with the train, most of them
from the day's engagement, and who, not having been to the field hospitals, were riot accounted for by the corps medical directors,
which would make the total number sent two thousand two hundred and ninety-four. The wagons were bedded with straw and
small evergreen boughs, covered with blankets and shelter tents, and carried from three to five men each, hard bread boxes
being used as seats for those who were able to sit up. Four thousand rations were sent with the train, and medical officers and
attendants in the same proportion as in the first train from the Wilderness. No escort was sent, as the movements of rhe Cavalry
Corps on the left were thought to afford sufficient protection. This train reached Fredericksburg without trouble on May 10th at
eleven o'clock P. M., having halted once on the road to furnish soup and coffee to the wounded. Two general assaults were
made on the enemy's line during the day, the principal one about four o'clock P. M. The corps hospitals remained as established
on the 9th, the advance depots being along the banks of the Po river. The character of the country Avas essentially the same as
about the Wilderness, but the ground was lower and more marshy. Small open spaces existed at intervals, in which artillery
could be used, but the greater part of the engagement occurred in the woods, in which the dense undergrowth of hazel and
scrub oak precluded the use of every arm but the musket. By nine o'clock P. M., there had been collected and brought to the
field hospitals the following number of wounded: Second Corps, eight hundred; Fifth Corps, three hundred; Sixth
Corps, two hundred; number of wounded straggling, estimated, six hundred; total wounded, May 10th, nineteen hundred.
A number of the wounded of the Second Corps fell into the hands of the enemy, when the corps withdrew in .the
evening to the north bank of the Po. The number so lost is estimated to have been three hundred. The train of the medical
purveyor was at this time at Silver's, four miles only from the hospitals, and large issues were made during the day. especially
for the purpose of refilling the ambulance boxes which had been emptied at Fredericksburg. All the hospitals were supplied
with ice, lemons, canned peaches, jellies, hospital clothing, etc., in addition to the hospital stores usually furnished under such
circumstances. The duties of the medical officers attached to the field hospital during the day were extremely arduous, and
their satisfactory performance merits the highest praise. Many of their associates had been sent off with the first train of
wounded, or detailed to remain with those left in the Wilderness, and the remainder, worn out by five days and nights of constant
labor, had not only to organize a large train of wounded, but to receive and care for an equal number from the front. On the
llth of May, another train of wounded was organized and sent to Fredericksburg under Assistant Surgeon Du Bois, U.
.A . a
B. 5
C. 0
Ad
t Ho«pital .
do.
do.
,l«. kW.
jppots .
Ambulance Road*.
MAP
of the BATTLE FIELD of the
WILDERNESS
Furnace
MAP of the BATTLE Fl E LD of
SPOTTSYLVANIA
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR McPARLIN. 155
S. A., Silver's being again the point of rendezvous. The number sent was as follows: Second Corps, one thousand and
eighty, using eighty-six ambulances and seventy-three wagons; Fifth Corps, four hundred and sixty-seven, using ninety
ambulances and twenty-nine wagons; Sixth Corps, nine hundred, using eighty ambulances and sixty-two wagons; total,
two thousand four hundred and forty-seven, using two hundred and fifty-six ambulances and one hundred and sixty-four
wagons. The army wagons were bedded in the usual manner, and the ambulances used only for the most serious cases ; of
which, however, there were a large number. Two days' rations and the usual proportion of medical officers and attendants
accompanied the train. This train was four miles long, and had to be collected and organized in the midst of a heavy storm,
which began about three o'clock p. M., and continued all night with but little cessation. It left Silver's about nine o'clock p. M.,
but when within four miles of Fredericksburg, was halted and compelled to wait four hours, until a guard could be sent,
so that it did not reach its destination until six o'clock A. M. of the 12th. As the town was already crowded, only six hundred
of the most serious cases were left, and the remainder moved on to Belle Plain, arriving there about noon. The train was
then parked in sections, and the wounded fed, furnished with dry blankets, and made as comfortable as possible in the wagons.
Early next morning, the train was moved to the landing, and the whole day was consumed in shipping the wounded. The
men in this train suffered severely from the wet and cold, and twenty died on the road. About seven hundred wounded were
brought in from the front on the eleventh.
Owing to the withdrawal of the Second Corps in the evening, it became necessary to remove the Sixth Corps hospitals.
This was effected during the night. Next day, they were established near those of the Fifth Corps. As the Block-house or
direct road was occupied all night by artillery and troops, the hospital train of the Sixth Corps was compelled to make a long
detour by Piney Branch church. The night was dark and stormy, the roads muddy, and the ambulance officer in charge of
the train mistook the "road, and moved ten miles out of the way. The result of these delays was that the hospitals were not
established until ten o'clock A. M. the following day, and both men and horses were fatigued and worn out.
At daybreak on the 12th, the Second Corps attacked the enemy from their new position on the left, and by eight o'clock
A. M., the engagement had become general, and the wounded began to pour into the hospitals. The advance ambulance depot
of the Second Corps was near the Landron house. The rain of the previous eighteen hours had made the roads very muddy,
and, in some places, almost impassible for vehicles, and as nearly one-half of the ambulances were absent at Fredericksburg,
the duties of those remaining were very arduous. The number of wounded in this day's battle was large, and the labor of
collecting and bringing them in went on until midnight. The following numbers were received at the field hospitals: Second
Corps, eighteen hundred and twenty; Fifth Corps, nine hundred; Sixth Corps, eight hundred and forty; total, three thousand
five hundred and sixty. The proportion of severe wounds was unusually large, not over one-fourth of the number being able
to walk back to the hospitals. Two hundred and forty ambulances collected the remainder. The amount of shock and
depression of vital power was noticed to be much greater in the wounded of this battle than any preceding one of the campaign,
and more especially so in those of the Second Corps who went into action without having the usual morning cup of coffee. All of the
wounded were fed and sheltered, and the majority dressed and operated upon during the day. Supplies of every kind were
abundant, with the exception of dry clothing and blankets, for which the demand was very great. Fortunately, the night was
not cold, and as stimulants and iiot soup and coffee were abundant and freely administered, the suffering from this cause was
not severe. The hospitals of the Sixth Corps had to be pitched upon wet and muddy ground, but by the use of boards obtained
from an adjacent saw-mill, india-rubber blankets and evergreen boughs, the condition of the wounded in them was rendered
very tolerable. On the 13th, another train of ambulances and army wagons, obtaiiied from the supply trains, was organized to
convey wounded to Fredericksburg, Surgeon Martin, U. S. Volunteers, being in charge. The number sent was as follows :
Second Corps, eighteen hundred and forty-three, using forty-seven ambulances and one hundred and seventy-five wagons;
Fifth Coi'ps, five hundred and fifty, using thirty-five ambulances and twenty wagons; Sixth Corps, eight hundred, using forty
ambulances and fifty wagons; total, three thousand one hundred and ninety- three, using one hundred and twenty-two
ambulances and two hundred and forty-five wagons. One day's rations and the usual proportion of medical officers and
attendants were sent with the train, which was collected at Silver's, leaving that place at nine o'clock P. M., and reaching
Fredericksburg early the following morning. The woundtd on this train suffered very much ; it rained all night; the men were
wet and chilled, and it was impossible to supply them with hot food on the road. Fourteen men died during the trip. The
necessity of sending off as many as possible, however, was imperative, as the army moved during the night of the 13th, and
the ground occupied by the hospitals was then abandoned to the enemy. No more ambulances could be spared, as there were
still some wounded lying on the field to be brought in, and a general engagement was expected on the following day, while a
large portion of the ambulances were already absent. Every wagon was obtained from the quartermaster's department which
could possibly be emptied, but four hundred and twenty of the wounded of the Fifth Corps and two hundred of the Second
Corps had to be left on account of lack of transportation. Tents, medical officers and attendants, dressings, medical supplies
and three days' rations were left with them.
On the evening of the 14th, a body of the enemy's cavalry, commanded by Colonel Rosser, entered the hospitals and
removed all the Confederate wounded who could walk, about eighty in number, and also all stragglers and hospital attendants
who wore no distinctive badge. The soldiers of this squadron carried off the greater part of the rations left for the wounded-
As soon as these facts were reported, a regiment of the Second Corps was sent to drive oft' the marauders, who had gone,
however, before our troops arrived. Surgeon Thomas Jones, 8th Pennsylvania Reserves, who had been left with the wounded
in the Fifth Corps hospital, was killed by one of the men of this regiment, who, in the darkness, supposed him to be a guerilla.
Additional rations were left with the wounded, and the regiment withdrawn about noon on the 15th, following the Second Corps,
which had moved still father to the left.
On the evening of May 16th, a train of two hundred ambulances was sent out, and brought off all the wounded left at
Cossin's. together with the tents and remaining hospital stores. The 2d division, Second Corps, under command of General
(Jiblion. moved out at the same time towards the right in such a manner as to protect the train. The removal was effected
without difficulty, and the wounded, after having been fed and dressed, were sent directly to Fredericksburg. The hospitals of
J56 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ARMY OF TEE POTOMAC, I8G4.
the Second Corps, after leaving Cossin's, were at first established at the Armstrong house ; on the 15th, they were moved to the
vicinitv of the Beverly house, on the Spottsylvania Court-house and Fredericksburg turnpike. The hospitals of the Fifth and
Sixth Corps were also situated near the same point. The wagons of the medical purveyor moved to Fredericksburg on the
15th, and Avere refilled with their original supply. They remained at that point until the 21st, and large issues were made in
the interval, advantage being taken of this period of comparative quiet to replenish the division hospital and brigade supplies.
A number of new troops joined the army at this time, and were found to be entirely unprovided with medical stores of any
kind or with means of transportation for wounded or supplies. They were, however, fully provided for and equipped on the
same basis as the rest of the army.
On the morning of the 18th, the Second Corps moved to the right and attacked the enemy's works. Five hundred and
fifty-two wounded were the result, and the character of the wounds was unusually severe, a large proportion being caused by
shell and canister. During the evening of the 18th and morning of the 19th, the corps hospitals were moved to the left, and
established on the Massaponax church road, north of the Anderson house. This removal was fortunate, as they thus escaped
from the confusion caused by the enemy's attack on the evening of the 19th. This attack was repulsed by heavy artillery
reeiments, armed as infantry, who had lately joined the army, and for many of whom it was the first battle. The total number of
wounded from this affair was eleven hundred, most of whom were able to walk back to the field hospitals, being hit in the
hands and arms. In many of these cases, the skin was so blackened with powder as to prove that tlie injury was self-iuflicted,
either by design or accident. Very many ol the wounded came into the hospitals witli extemporaneous tourniquets tightly
applied, and their hands and forearms swollen and livid in consequence. Dread of haemorrhage is simply another proof of the
inexperience of troops. This was the last of the series of battles about Spottsylvania Court-house, the army moving on the 21st
towards the North Anna. No large trains of wounded were organized after the 13th, as the road to Fredericksburg was open
and safe, and the corps medical directors sent their wounded off as fast as they were received and means of transportation
could be procured. The total number sent from the 14th to the 20th, as appears by the daily reports, was two thousand two
hundred and twelve, including those brought in from Cossin's house. An estimate of the number killed, wounded and missing
in the battles around Spottsylvania Court-house, Virginia, is given in the following statement, which does not include the losses
of General Burnside's command: Number of wounded, according to classified returns, nine thousand and thirty-one; number
of wounded, straggling and unrecorded, one thousand five hundred ; total, ten thousand five hundred and thirty-one. Number
of killed, according to regimental reports, one thousand seven hundred and eighty-one ; missing, two thousand and seventy-
seven. Total loss, fourteen thousand three hundred and eighty-nine. After the 9th of May, everything connected with the
medical department wrorked smoothly, supplies were plentiful, and all the wounded were as well cared for as it is possible for
them to be on the battle-field. The greatest want was of medical officers, as a large number were necessarily kept on duty at
Fredericksburg, and those who remained with the army became weary with constant labor. The corps of medical inspectors
usually remained about the hospital and superintended the transportation of wounded; they also made daily reports to this
office of the number of wounded received, sent off, etc., during the day. The plan of drawing medical supplies by brigades
was found to be inconvenient, the surgeons in charge of division hospitals making all requisitions and performing the duties
of sub-purveyors. To render the commissary department of the field hospitals as complete as possible, the following order was
issued: "Special Order No. 136. Headquarters army of the Potomac, May 16, 1861. Corps commanders will cause a
lieutenant to be detailed from each division of their command, who will be charged with the duty of supplying the hospital of
the division with the subsistence stores needed. The officer so detailed will report to the surgeon in charge of the division
hospital, and make his requisitions for supplies on the chief commissary of the corps. By command of Major General Meade.
(Signed) S. Williams, Assistant Adjutant General." The practical results of this order will be commented upon in a subsequent
part of this report.
When the artillery reserve was broken up, its medical and hospital property and ambulance train were divided equally
among the infantry corps, and twenty-four new ambulances received from Washington were sent to Fredericksburg for the
use of Surgeon E. B. Dalton, U. S. V. In sending the wounded from the field hospitals to the rear, medical officers were
instructed, in accordance with orders issued by the commanding general, to retain all cases of slight wounds, and such as would
soon be able to return to duty. This was found to be very difficult to effect, as the men would slip oh" in the night, and no
guard could be kept over them. No special authority was given during this period to send off sick, but the responsibility
of so doing was assumed in some instances by the surgeons in charge of hospitals, and about five hundred seriously sick men
were thus sent from the army. A much larger number than this is reported to have been sent from Fredericksburg. The
discrepancy will be explained in the account of the operations of the medical department at that point. The only loss of
property sustained by the medical department during this period was that of the six ambulances of the artillery reserve before
mentioned, one wagon, filled with medical supplies belonging to the Second Corps, which stuck fast in the mud and Avas
abandoned, and the horses of twelve ambulances which were captured by guerillas on the Fredericksburg road, the ambulances
themselves being recovered. In the meantime, a series of depot hospitals had been organized at Fredericksburg, Virginia, by
Surgeon E. B. Dalton, U. S. V., who reached that place with the first train of wounded on the 9th of May. All the churches,
warehouses and convenient dwellings in the place were immediately occupied for hospital purposes, each corps organization
being kept distinct as far as possible. The character of the buildings selected was generally good, and the ventilation sufficient,
but as wounded continued to arrive in large numbers, close packing became necessary, and the usual results of overcrowding
began to be apparent. The ground occupied was elevated, well-drained, and there was an abundance of good water. Supplies
of all kinds arrived at Belle Plain on the 10th and llth of May, and were brought to Fredericksburg as rapidly as
transportation could be procured. Schedule C, appended to this report, shows the character and amount of these supplies.
The stores sent with the first train, and those contained in the ambulance boxes, served for the necessities of the wounded until
supplies could be brought from Belle Plain. The wounded officers were at first billeted upon the inhabitants of the town, who,
as a general rule, received them kindly and treated them well, although, at first, some of the citizens seemed inclined to make
trouble. After the first week, an officer's hospital was established, and medical officers specially detailed for duty in it. By
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR, McPARLIN. 157
the- 13tli, the condition of tlie wounded in Fredericksburg was comparatively comfortable, and the supply of all necessary
ai tides was abundant; straw, for bedding, and stationery were the articles of which there was the greatest lack. The number
of wounded at that date was about six thousand, but the number fluctuated almost hourly, and it was impossible to prepare
accurate daily reports. The greatest deficiency was in medical officers, those who accompanied the trains being greatly fatigued
and insufficient in number. Fifty medical officers in all were sent from the front, being all that could possibly be spared. A
number of medical men (civilians) came down from Washington as volunteers for the emergency, and rendered material and
valuable service in a professional way. :
The wounded from the front arrived, as a general rule, in very good condition, those in the trains of the llth and 13th
being excepted for reasons already stated. A large number of sick and slightly wounded, many of the latter self-mutilated,
did not go to the field hospitals, nor accompany the regular trains, but straggled to Fredericksburg and thence to Belle Plain,
relying upon the agents of the Sanitary Commission for food, and keeping as much as possible out of the way of medical
officers. About five thousand of these men were in Fredericksburg at different times, and the tales invented by them for the
purpose of exciting the compassion of citizens and strangers gave rise to many of the false reports of suffering and destitution
among the wounded which for a time were prevalent at the north. Nearly all the slightly wounded passed directly through to
Belle Plain, from which place they were sent to Washington as fast as boats could be procured, and at the rate of about fifteen
hundred daily. From information received from Surgeon R. O. Abbott, U. S. A., medical director department of Washington,
it appears that fourteen thousand eight hundred and seventy-eight wounded had been received into the Washington hospitals
by the evening of the 18th of May. About six hundred malingerers and stragglers had also been received and turned over to
the provost marshal for safe keeping. These malingerers probably passed up on the first boats, succeeding in getting off by
the aid of bloody bandages and judicious limping. After the first three days, all men were carefully examined by a medical
officer before they were allowed to pass to the boats. Lieutenant Colonel Cuyler, Acting Medical Inspector General U. S. A.,
came to Belle Plain with the first boats, and remained directing operations at that point until all the wounded were sent away.
A camp was formed of the sick and slightly wounded, and rations drawn for them by Colonel Cuyler, which were cooked and
distributed by the Sanitary Commission. The obstacles to the removal of the more seriously wounded by way of Belle Plain
were very great, and it would certainly have caused the death of a large number had their removal been attempted. The
road between that point and Fredericksburg was, to a considerable extent, corduroyed, very rough, and could not have been
improved by any means then available. But one small wharf existed at Belle Plain, and at tin's all the supplies of the armv had
to be landed. These facts were duly represented to the authorities at Washington, and the more serious cases, such as compound
fractures, etc., were retained at Fredericksburg until the Rappahannock was rendered passable by the gunboats, which was
effected by the 20th, and until the railroad to A(juia Creek was put in running order, which was completed by the 22d. The light-
draught steamers, with barges, were used to remove the wounded by the river, the larger hospital transports remaining below
at Tappahannock, where the wounded were transferred to them. These hospital transports were the steamers Connecticut and
State of Maine. They were completely fitted up with beds, cooking apparatus and everything pertaining to the care and
comfort of the sick. The necessity for a large and complete hospital organization soon became apparent, and, on the 15th,
requisitions were forwarded for five hundred hospital tents and a corresponding amount of bedding and hospital furniture.
These began to arrive on the 19th, and by the 22d, a complete tent-hospital for each corps had been pitched, and the wounded
transferred to them. Erysipelas and a mild form of hospital gangrene had just began to make their appearance among the
wounded, but their removal from buildings to tents almost checked the disease. The removal of the wounded went on with
great rapidity after the opening of the railroad, and by the 27th of May, all had been sent off except eight Confederates, who
were moribund. All the hospital tents and stores were packed on boats and barges, and, on the 28th, the organization started
for the White House.
Deficiency in the means of transportation was a serious evil at Fredericksburg, and was the cause of the partial lack
of supplies for the first week. All the ambulances and army wagons which could be obtained, including those left behind by
the Cavalry Corps, were at, lii>t kept constantly employed in the collection and removal of the wounded who had been left in
the Wilderness, and in conveying supplies to those who could not be brought away. It must be remembered, also, that all the
sick of General Burnside's command wen' in Fredericksburg, and were supplied and removed by the stores and boats
furnished to the army of the Potomac. After the l~>th, soft bread was issued to the hospitals; ice-houses in the vicinity
furnished an abundant supply of ice, and stores and supplies of all kinds were superabundant.
The total number of wounded sent from Fredericksburg and Belle Plain is shown in the following statement: Total
number of wounded received in Washington from Fredericksburg, as reported by Surgeon R. O. Abbott, U. S. A., twenty-one
thousand nine hundred and sixty-six; number of sick received, four thousand two hundred and twenty-five; total number
of sick and wounded, twenty-six thousand one hundred and ninety-one. In addition to the above, Doctor Abbott reports, as
before- mentioned, the reception of six hundred malingerers, who were turned over to the provost marshal, also two hundred
and twenty-six Confederate wounded and ninety-three Confederate sick; total, three hundred and nineteen Confederates.
It is not possible to state precisely the exact proportion of the above number furnished bv the Ninth Corps, but it is believed
to have been about twenty-two hundred wounded and sixteen hundred sick. The figures for the army of the Potomac would
then be nineteen thousand seven hundred and sixty-six wounded and two thousand six hundred and twenty-five sick ; total,
twenty-two thousand three hundred and ninety-one.
The medical department owes much to the advice and cooperation of Colonel E. Schriver, Inspector General army of the
Potomac, who commanded the post at Fredericksburg, and did everything in his power to facilitate the proper care and transfer
of the wounded. The skill, energy and perseverance displayed by Surgeon E. B. Dalton, U. S. V., in the face of so many
difficulties and obstructions, merit the highest praise.
All the seriously sick and wounded had been sent to Fredericksburg, and the field hospital trains were packed and in
park near the Anderson house on the morning of the 21st, in readiness to move in the rear of (lie artillery of their respective
corps. DuriiiL' the movement to the North Anna, on the 21st and 22d, fifteen ambulances moved in the rear of each division for
158 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, 1864.
the purpose of picking up such men as might fall out of the ranks on account of sickness or exhaustion, while the remaining
ambulances, collected into a corps train, moved with the hospital train, and carried the slightly sick and wounded who were
not judged to be fit cases to be sent to Fredericksburg. A special detail of medical officers and attendants, furnished with all
necessary supplies, moved with the latter train. The roads were in good condition, the surface of the country level, and the
weather warm and dry. The number of stragglers, especially on the 22d, was large, and all the ambulances were soon filled.
No engagement took place during the movement, with the exception of a slight cavalry skirmish near Milford, in which, fifteen
men were wounded. These men were cared for in the hospitals of the Second Corps, which were situated on the right bank of
the Mattaponv, in anticipation of a battle near that point. No action occurred, however, and when the corps moved off, these
wounded, with one hundred and thirty-five sick, were placed in the houses at Milford, medical officers, rations and supplies
being left with them. They remained at that point until the 25th, and were then sent to Port Eoyal. During the afternoon of
the 23d, the crossing of the North Anna having been effected and the enemy met, field hospitals were promptly established on
the north bank of the river, those of the Fifth Corps in an open space near some excellent springs, half a mile north of Jericho
Ford, and those of the Second Corps on the Chesterfield Ford road, one mile south of Mount Carmel church. The banks of
the river at Jericho Ford are very high and precipitous, and the road down either side was very rough, being partly new
corduroy, and partly a series of rocky steps and shelves, caused by the irregular wearing away of the road by a small stream
which Wowed down its centre. All the more severely wounded were, therefore, carried across the river on stretchers, after
having been brought from the front to the south bank by ambulances. As the Fifth Corps not only held its ground, but
advanced some distance, all the wounded were speedily and easily collected, the total number being two hundred and twenty-
five, of whom, one hundred and thirty-one were received into the hospitals of the Second Corps. The supplies in all the
hospitals were complete; ice, lemons and clothing were abundant. As the Sixth Corps had not crossed the river, no hospitals
were established for it. Its ambulances and hospital were kept in park near the Fifth Corps hospitals ready for any emergency.
No general engagement took place from this time until the 27th, but skirmishing and artillery duels were constantly going on,
and wounded were brought into the hospitals every hour. In the meantime, the following circular had been received:
"Headquarters army of the Potomac, May 22, 1864, 9.15 A. M. Instructions have been given to return all empty wagons now at
Fredericksburg- and Belle Plain Landing loaded, after which, so soon as the wounded are removed from Fredericksburg, that
place and Belle Plain will be abandoned, and the depot will be established at Port Royal on the Rappahannock. By command
of Major General Meade. (Signed) S. Williams, Assistant Adjutant General." This circular was immediately sent to Surgeon
Dalton, with directions to have the purveyor's boats and barges transferred at once to Port Royal, and to send hospital tents and
furniture as fast as they could be spared by the removal of wounded from Fredericksburg.
On the 24th, a train was organized for the purpose of conveying wounded from the field hospital to Port Royal, Surgeon
A. J. Phelps, U. S. V., being placed in charge, with orders to proceed to Port Royal and superintend the operations of the
medical department at that point until Surgeon Dalton should arrive. The number sent was as follows : Second Corps,* one
hundred and fifty-seven sick, two hundred and eighty-six wounded, two ambulancee and fifty-three wagons ; Fifth Corps,
sixty-six sick, two hundred and twenty-five wounded, twenty-one ambulances and fifty-three wagons; Sixth Corps, sixty-eight
sick, ten wounded, nineteen ambulances and two wagons ; total, two hundred and ninety-one sick, five hundred and twenty-one
wounded, forty-two ambulances and one hundred and eight wagons. Army wagons were used to as great an extent as possible
in this train, as a great battle seemed imminent, and it was desirable to keep every ambulance at the front. The wagons were
bedded with boughs and blankets in the usual manner, and the customary details of medical officers and nurses, with three
days' rations and a supply of dressings and hospital stores, were furnished. The train rendezvoused at Milford, near which
point, the main trains of the army were parked. A cavalry escort of four hundred men accompanied it, and it reached Port
Royal, without molestation, by dusk on the 25th. On the 26th of May, an issue of rations was made to the troops, and the
empty wagons thus obtained were used to remove sick and wounded to the rear, the field hospital being thus emptied and ready
for the movement to the Pamimkey on the 27th. The number sent was as follows: Second Corps, eighty-eight sick, two
hundred and thirty-two wounded, two ambulances and fifty-six wagons; Fifth Corps, twenty-four sick, one hundred and
fourteen wounded, two ambulances and forty-four wagons; Sixth Corps, forty-nine sick, six ambulances and four wagons;
Ninth Corps, one hundred and one sick, one hundred and thirty-one wounded, thirty ambulances and eight wagons; total,
two hundred and sixty-two sick, four hundred and seventy-seven wounded, forty ambulances and one hundred and twelve
wagons. This train was loaded by daybreak on the 27th, and moved directly to Port Royal, arriving at that place, without
hinderance, before dark. On the 25th of May, an order was issued by General Grant, adding the Ninth Corps to the army of
the Potomac, and Surgeon J. E. McDonald, U. S. V., reported to this office for instructions. An inspection of the medical
department of this corps by Assistant Surgeon J. S. Billings, U. S. A., revealed the following fact: "This corps had moved
from Annapolis on the last of April, 1864, before any organization had been effected ; had marched and fought almost constantly
since that time; new troops had been joining it almost daily, and it was very difficult to ascertain even the number of men in
the command. The means of transportation possessed by the corps was entirely too small, even to furnish the rations and
ammunition required, and, of course, none could or would be spared for the medical department. The greater number of the
regimental surgeons had drawn a full three months' regimental supply at Annapolis, which had to be left behind, and the only
medical supplies with the corps were contained in the hospital knapsacks, and in a few medicine chests and panniers which
were carried by sufferance in the wagons appropriated to officers' baggage, which were almost always inaccessible and useless,
and in twelve Dunton medicine wagons. The organization of the ambulance corps had been commenced, but was still very
imperfect. The number of ambulances required by law had been obtained in Washington, but many of them were broken and
badly in need of repair; the greater part of the stretchers were missing, very few had water kegs, and no hospital stores were
carried in the ambulance boxes. Citizens had been hired as drivers for the ambulances, but the majority of them had deserted
at Fredericksburg, and their places filled by the stretcher-bearers. The details of stretcher-bearers were very incomplete, and
many of those already detailed seemed to have been selected on account of their worthlessnes.s in other situations. The
* Those left at .Milford on the 22(1 are included in this statement.
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR McPARLIN. 159
stretcher-bearers did not follow the regiments into battle, but remained with the ambulances, the evil results of which can easily
be appreciated. Means of transportation being wanted, no hospital tents, stores or supplies could be carried. A few tents had
been borrowed, and the Dunton wagons had furnished all the supplies used. The medical staff of the field division hospitals
had been arranged on the same basis as that of the rest of the army ; all other medical officers were ordered to remain within
three hundred yards of the line of battle at all times." It was not possible to supply means of transportation at this time, and,
consequently, useless to furnish tents or stores, but requisitions were ordered to be prepared, that they might be furnished as
soon as a more permanent base of supplies should be reached. The proper organization of the ambulance corps was also urged
forward as fast as possible, but much delay occurred in procuring the necessary details, and nearly a month passed away before
they were complete.
The first train of wounded, of which Surgeon Phelps was in charge, reached Port Royal, as has been before stated, on the
evening of the 25th. The steamer Hugh Jenkins, loaded with hospital supplies, under charge of Assistant Surgeon Jacquette,
U. S. A., had reached that point a few hours before, as had also a barge load of stores belonging to the Sanitary Commission.
Colouel Cuyler had also arrived, bringing with him a number of medical officers, who were immediately employed in dressing
the wounded. No buildings had been prepared for their reception, and as it was raining heavily, it was thought best to leave
them in the wagons and ambulances during the night, hot coffee, soup, etc., being served to them. On the 2Gth, they were
removed from the wagons into the houses, and made as comfortable as possible. No transports arrived during the day, the
steamer Western Metropolis, which had been destined for that purpose, being unable to come farther up the river than Tappa-
hannock. All the wounded were dressed and well fed during the day. Early on the morning of the 27th, seven hundred of the
slightly sick and wounded were placed on board the quartermaster's transport City of Alton, and started for Washington.
About noon, the hospital transport Connecticut arrived, and all the more serious cases were placed on board of her at once.
She took a thousand wounded to Washington. The second train of wounded arrived in the evening, and they were at once
placed on board the Connecticut and State of Maine, which had arrived during the afternoon, the latter vessel carryin"- four
hundred patients. The total number of wounded sent from Port Royal was, therefore, twenty-one hundred. The number
reported by corps inspectors as sent from field hospitals was fifteen hundred and fifty-one; the number straggling was, there
fore, five hundred and forty-nine. After the departure of the State of Maine, all the hospital stores were loaded on the barges,
and when Surgeon Dalton arrived on the 28th, he found orders waiting for him directing him to proceed to White House.
The total loss to the army during this period is shown by the following statement: Number killed, according to the regimental
reports, two hundred and twenty-three; number of wounded sent off, fourteen hundred and sixty; number missing, according
to the regimental reports, two hundred and ninety; total killed, wounded and missing, nineteen hundred and seventy-three.
Number of sick sent from the army, six hundred and fifty. Total loss, two thousand six hundred and twenty-three.
During the movement from the North Anna to the Pamunkey, the ambulances and hospital trains moved in the same
manner as in the march from Spottsylvania Court-house, a few ambulances remaining in the rear of each division, and the
remainder, filled with slightly sick and wounded, accompanying the main train. The Cavalry Corps had by this time returned
from the Richmond expedition, and two divisions moved in advance. A large number of the horses had been so much exhausted
as to die on the road, along which they were scattered at tolerable regular intervals of from fifty to one hundred yards, and
tin- infantry following had the full benefit of the results of their putrefaction. This march of thirty miles was made rapidly
over very dusty roads, and on a hot and sultry day. and the number of men who fell out of the ranks was very large. All the
ambulances were filled to overflowing, and a few men were unavoidably left behind. In the afternoon, the cavalry enlaced
the enemy near Hawe's shop, and had about two hundred and fifty wounded. The advance hospital was at a small
house near Hawe's shop, and the greater part of the operating and dressing required was performed at this point. The
medical officers of this hospital, under the direction of Assistant Surgeon George M. McGill, U. S. A., displayed great gallantry,
as the hospital was at times under heavy fire, several shells striking the building, and one falling under the operating table
fortunately, however, without exploding. As the hospital train of the Cavalry Corps had moved with the main trains of the
army to Dunkirk, and had not up to this time joined the command, the wounded were at first placed in a large house and
outbuildings belonging to Mrs. Newton, near the Pamunkey, and about two miles distant from the scene of action. Ten men,
who had been wounded on the previous day in a slight skirmish at Hanover Town, were also brought to this point. The
medical director of the Fifth Corps was instructed to take charge of these wounded, and the hospital of the 3d division was
soon established on the beautifully shaded lawn in front of the house. Beds were made of corn-husks found in the vicinity,
food was prepared and the wounded were made comfortable in the usual manner. Surgeon R. W. Pease, U. S. V.. medical
director of the Cavalry Corps, joined his command on the 29th. During the 2(Jth, the army moved into position on Tolopotomoy
Creek. Sites for the field hospitals were selected, and ambulance roads cut through the woods to the front. As the train of the
medical purveyor had come up, advantage was taken of the day's quiet to replenish the hospital supplies. The Fifth Corps
hospitals were established near Mrs. Newton's, and those of the Second and Sixth Corps in an open space, about one milt; east
of the latter point. On the 30th, the cavalry moved to Cool Arbor, when1 they had a sharp engagement. The infantry also
had a scries of skirmishing and partial engagements during the day, from which, about five hundred wounded were received
into the field hospitals. The hospital train of the Cavalry Corps had by this time been brought up, and supplies were ample.
The train of the medical purveyor, filled to its utmost capacity, was at Hanover Town during the day, and all medical officers
were duly notified of his position, and ordered to replenish their supplies. On the 31st, the skirmishing continued, and the
Second Corps advancing, a brisk fight ensued about four o'clock r. M., from which, seven hundred and thirty-two wounded
were brought in. The depot hospital boats and barges, together with the transports conveying the Eighteenth Corps, had
arrived at White House on the 30th, and, during the afternoon :>f the 31st, a train of ambulances and army wagons were
organized in the usual manner, for the purpose of conveying the wounded and seriously sick of the army to that point. The.
train was under the charge of Assistant Surgeon M. J. Asch, U. S. A., and had, as an escort, several regiments of the
Pennsylvania Reserves, whose; term of service had expired, and who were on their way north. The number sent was as
follows: Second Corps, ninety-six sick and four hundred and eighty-six wounded; Fifth Corps, five hundred and twenty-five
APPENDED DOCUMENTS AEMY OF THE POTOMAC, 18G4.
wounded- Sixth Corps, fifty-eight sick and fourteen wounded ; Ninth Corps, forty sick and seventy-six wounded ; total, one
hundred and ninetv-four sick and eleven hundred and one wounded. The train crossed the river at Hanover Town during the
da}-, and moved down the north bank of the river, as the direct road on the south bank was not considered safe. It reached a
point opposite White House on the 2d of June. Three hundred wounded of the Cavalry Corps were sent by the direct road,
and reached White House on the 1st.
During the night of the 31st of May, the Sixth Corps moved from the right to Cool Arbor, passing behind the army via
Old church. The Eighteenth Corps, which had made a forced march from White House, joined it on the morning of June 1st,
and during the afternoon, a general engagement took place. The Sixth Corps hospitals were situated in the edge of a grove
of pines, on the south side of Cool Arbor and Old Church road, near Burnett's house. Tents were pitched, and supplies on
hand as usual. The Eighteenth Corps were entirely without tents, and without any supplies but such as were carried in hospital
knapsacks. They had but eighteen ambulances. Their wounded were collected on a hill-side, near Kelly's house, half a mile
northeast of Cool Arbor. The number of wounded brought in during the day was as follows: Second Corps, one hundred
and seventy-four; Fifth Corps, one hundred and fifty-one; Sixth Corps, nine hundred and fifty-one; Eighteenth Corps, eight
hundred; Ninth Corps, forty-nine ; total, two thousand one hundred and twenty-five. The medical director of the Eighteenth
Corps reports the number of wounded as four hundred and twenty-nine, but this is certainly inaccurate. A part of the
ambulances of the Sixth Corps were employed in bringing in the wounded of the Eighteenth Corps, and as the hospital train of
the former contained a full supply for at least four thousand wounded, orders were given to Surgeon Buckley, medical director
of the Eighteenth Corps, to obtain a full supply of all necessary articles from that source. An order was also issued to the medical
director by Major General Wright, commanding the Sixth Corps, that any commissary of the corps should furnish whatever
rations might be required for by Doctor Suckley. The only means of shelter which could be furnished were such shelter-tents
as could be picked up on the battle-field, and small arbors of evergreens, which served to keep oft' the sun's rays. The
Eighteenth Corps was on the right of the Sixth, and between it and the Fifth there was an interval of about two miles. A
number of the wounds in the Sixth Corps were caused by our own artillery, which was so posted as to fire over the heads
of our troops. The Fifth Corps hospitals, near Mrs. Newton's, were broken up on the morning of the 1st, the wounded having
been sent off in the train before mentioned. They were re-established during the day near Mrs. Via's, in open ground, with a
good and abundant supply of water. The Second Corps hospitals were broken up in the afternoon, and followed the corps,
which moved during the night to Allen's hill, and took up a position on the left of the Sixtli Corps, its left being backwards,
and resting on a marsh called Elder Swamp. The 1st and 2d divisions of the Cavalry Corps picketed from the left of the
Second Corps to Bottom's bridge on the Chickaliominy, while the 3d division extended from the right of the Ninth Corps
towards the Paniunkey. The trains of the army moved to Anderson's, half a mile from Parsley's mill.
General headquarters, on the night of the 1st of June, was at Mrs. Via's. Early in the morning of the 2d. it moved to
the vicinity of the Sixth Corps hospital, one mile east of Cool Arbor. During the 2d of June, the battle continued, the Sixth
and Eighteenth Corps chiefly being engaged. The men of the Second Corps were exhausted by the march of the previous
night, and did little more than get into position. The Ninth Corps was withdrawn during the forenoon, and moved into line in
the gap between the Fifth and Eighteenth Corps; its hospitals were established near Woody's. This withdrawal exposed the
hospitals of the Fifth Corps, and they were moved during the afternoon to the point at which the Prospect church road crosses
the south branch of the Matadequin creek. This location was selected by Major General Warren, who was deceived as to its
relative position by the extremely erroneous map of that part of the country. It was five miles from the line of battle of the
corps, and there was no good and safe road from it to the front. This hospital was moved just in time, as the enemy occupied
the ground around Vin's house by five o'clock P. M. The right wing of the Fifth Corps was attacked about four o'clock P. M.,
and partially outflanked, the regular brigade suffering severely.
The Second Corps hospitals were established in the evening on the bank of a small creek, half a mile south of Allen's
mills, and directly opposite the Sixth Corps hospitals. Four hundred wounded were brought in the ambulances from the former
location. The number of wounded brought in during the day was as follows : Second Corps, twenty ; Fifth Corps, fifty ;
Sixth Corps, nine hundred and fifty-two ; Ninth corps, one hundred and ninety ; Eighteenth Corps, eight hundred and fifty ;
Cavalry Corps, forty-five ; total, two thousand and seventeen. The day was hot and sultry, and wherever troops or wagons
were moving, the dust hung in dense clouds. About five o'clock P. M., however, it began to rain, and continued to do so, with
slight intermissions, all night, which was a great comfort to both men and animals. By order of General Meade a full issue of
rations was made on the evening of the 2d, and the empty wagons turned over to the medical department for the transportation
of wounded. A train of army wagons and ambulances was organized on the morning of the 3d in the usual manner and under
the usual orders. The number of wounded sent was as follows : Second Corps, seven hundred and sixty-eight ; Fifth Corps,
two hundred and thirty -five; Sixth Corps, seven hundred and ninety; Ninth Corps, eighty-four; Eighteenth Corps, three
hundred; total, two thousand one hundred and seventy-seven. At half past five o'clock A. M., a general attack was made by
the army on the enemy's works, which consisted of tiers of rifle-pits, having behind them a continuous line of breastworks,
solidly constructed of pine logs and earth, the top log raised, in some instances, so that the musket might be fired under it.
The Second Corps, at first, met with partial success, carrying the first line of works, but these were so enfiladed that they were
compelled to fall back, leaving a large number of dead and wounded. The number of wounded brought off was as follows:
Second Corps, one thousand two hundred and eighty; Fifth Corps, three hundred and twenty-two; Sixth Corps, four hundred
and eighty-nine; Ninth Corps, six hundred and forty-six; Eighteenth Corps, fifty one; Cavalry Corps, twenty-eight; total, two
thousand eight hundred and sixteen. The hospitals of the Fifth, Sixth and Second Corps were fully prepared for the emergency,
and their supply was so complete that they were able to spare freely for the necessities of the other corps. The usual results of
the lack of an ambulance organization were painfully perceptible in the Eighteenth Corps, two or three soldiers leaving the
ranks with each severely wounded man, and forgetting to return, while the roads and woods were lined with stragglers, as the
slightly wounded preferred to go buck to White House on foot rather than to go to a hospital where they knew there was no
shelter and but scanty supplies. A part of the stores of the Eighteenth Corps arrived from White House during the day, and
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR McPARLIN. 161
among them, forty hospital tent-flies, which, being pitched end to end and the sides fastened to a railing raised two feet from the
ground, formed a series of very excellent hospital wards. About eleven hundred wounded were left on the field from the day's
engagement, it being impossible to remove them, as they were between the lines, and completely covered by the enemv's sharp
shooters. The result of the battle was not decisive, the enemy retaining his original position at nightfall, while the hostile lines
were, at some points, not more than a hundred yards apart, each being protected by breastworks of logs arid earth. On the
4th of June there was no fighting except an occasional skirmish between the pickets. The day was occupied in collecting and
bringing in from the field as many of the wounded from the preceding day's battle as could be gotten at. The number brought
in was as follows: Second Corps, four hundred and ninety-four; Fifth Corps, three hundred and twenty-two; Sixth Corps, one
hundred and fifty-four; Ninth Corps, twenty-five ; Eighteenth Corps, seven hundred and six ; total, one thousand seven hundred
and one. One hundred empty army wagons, obtained from the reserve supply train on the morning of the 4th, were divided
among the several corps, and the corps medical directors were ordered to send all wounded to White House, using one-half of
the ambulances if necessary. Forty-three new ambulances, which reported on the morning of the 4th, were sent to the medical
director of the Eighteenth Corps to assist in the same work. Each medical director also had all the corps empty wagons. All
the trains were loaded and on the way by two o'clock P. M. The number sent off was as follows : Second Corps, seventeen
sick, six hundred and six wounded, using twenty-nine ambulances and eighty-four wagons; Fifth Corps, forty-three sick, four
hundred and twenty wounded, using sixty-six ambulances and forty wagons ; Sixth Corps, eighty-seven sick, six hundred and
thirty-nine wounded, using sixty ambulances and sixty-four wagons; Ninth Corps, fourteen sick, seven hundred and twenty-
nine wounded, using seventy-five ambulances and fifty-eight wagons ; Eighteenth Corps, four hundred wounded, using twenty-
five ambulances and forty-three wagons ; total, one hundred and sixty-one sick, two thousand seven hundred and ninety-four
wounded, using two hundred and fifty-five ambulances and two hundred and eighty-nine wagons. No engagement of consequence
occurred after this time, and the position of the corps and hospitals remained comparatively unchanged during the following
week. The hospitals of the Second Corps were moved to the Tyler house on the 7th, an open elevated location, with excellent
water. The wounded and seriously sick were sent back to White House almost daily. The total number sent from June 5th
to June 13th was as follows: Second Corps, six hundred and thirty-one sick and nine hundred and seventy-six wounded;
Fifth Corps, seventy-five sick and fifty-five wounded ; Sixth Corps, one hundred and fifty-seven sick and one hundred and
seventy-eight wounded ; Ninth Corps, four hundred and sixty-one sick and two hundred and three wounded ; Eighteenth Corps,
one hundred and thirty-eight sick and nine hundred and four wounded; total, one thousand four hundred and sixty-two sick
and two thousand three hundred and sixteen wounded.
The number of sick in the army increased largely during the first half of June, and the severity of the cases became
greater. The constant labor and watchfulness of the previous month began to manifest its effects. The country was low and
marshy in character, the water derived almost entirely from surface drainage, and the condition of the men in the trenches was
very bad in a «anitary point of view. For over a month they had had no vegetables, and the beef used was from cattle which
were exhausted by the long march through a country scantily provided with forage. The men had to lie close behind their
breastworks, as it was almost certain death to expose one's person at certain parts of the line, and their cooking was imperfect
and of the rudest kind. Dead horses and offal of various kinds were scattered over the country everywhere, and between the
lines were many dead bodies of both parties, unburied and decomposing in the burning sun. A large number of recruits
joined the army at this place, and contributed greatly to swell the sick list. Malarial and typho-malarial fevers and diarrhoea
were the prevailing diseases. No distinct cases of scurvy were observed at this time, but a scorbutic taint was undoubtedly
affecting the army and depressing its health and spirits. In view of these facts, the following letter was addressed to the
Commanding General :
HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC,
NKAR COOL ARBOR, VIRGINIA, June 5, 1864.
GENERAL: I respectfully call your attention to the following facts relative to the present condition and future prospects,
in a sanitary point of view, of the troops composing this army. The army has been marching and fighting thirty-two
consecutive days, in which time, no vegetable rations have been issued, and has now reached a region of country notoriously
miasmatic and unhealthy. The water now used by the troops is entirely derived from surface drainage, and is saturated with
organic matter derived from decaying vegetable tissues. The ground around many camps is strewn with dead and decomposing
horses and mules, and with the hides and offal of slaughtered beef cattle. Very few regiments have provided sinks for the
men, and their excreta are deposited upon hill sides, to be washed thence into the streams, thus furnishing an additional source
of contamination to the water. As is to be expected under such circumstances, sickness is increasing in the army, diarrlicea
being especially prevalent.
I need hardly recall to your remembrance the results produced, by the causes above mentioned, in the army of the
Potomac, during the Peninsular campaign of the summer of 1862, nor point out the necessity for taking immediate measures to
obviate these evils as far as possible. The most urgent necessity now exists for an issue of vegetables to the troops, and if
military necessity forbid this being done from our present base, measures should be taken for sending such supplies from our
next depot among the very first supplies brought up. Chickahominy fever may, in a great measure, be prevented, but when
it has once occurred, its subjects are lost to the army so far as this campaign is concerned.
I would respectfully suggest that immediate measures be taken to ensure the burial of dead animals and offal, the
proper preparation of sinks and the thorough police of camps and men throughout the army.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, TITOS. A. McPARLIN,
Major General GF.O. G. MEADE, Commanding Army of the Potomac. Surgeon U. S. A., Medical Director.
Every exertion was made to carry out the suggestions of this letter as far as possible, and with good effect. A large
quantity of fresh vegetables were brought to White House, and the hospitals at that point fully supplied. These vegetables
were also sent to the troops in as large quantities as the means of transportation at the disposal of tin- commissary department
21
162 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, 1864.
would allow, but tlie supply thus furnished was not large, as all the wagons were fully employed in bringing the supply of
marching returns up to the campaign standard. The camp and personal police of the troops was also improved as far as
possible, offal was buried, sinks dug, etc. On the 6th of June, application was made to the general commanding the
Confederate forces for a truce of two hours, for the purpose of collecting the wounded and burying the dead who were lying
between the lines. This truce took place on the 7th, between six and eight o'clock p. M., at which time, all the ambulances
were sent out, accompanied by medical officers. Very few wounded were collected, the greater number having died of their
wounds and of exposure, hunger and thirst. The dead were, in most cases, so much decomposed as not to be recognized, and
were buried where they lay.
From the 5th to the 12th of June, the army remained comparatively quiet behind its works, and the men were enabled
to obtain that repose which they so much needed. Along the greater part of the line there was a truce between the pickets,
and very little firing occim'ed. The 1st and 2d divisions of the Cavalry Corps were withdrawn on the 5th and 6th, and passed
to the rear and right of the army, and moved off on the 7th towards Gordonsville, the design of the expedition being to cooperate
with General Hunter's command, and, by capturing Gordonsville, to inflict a severe blow upon the enemy's communications.
An account of this expedition, by Surgeon R. W. Pease, U. S. V., is herewith forwarded. In the meantime, supplies of all kinds
were being brought np from the White House as rapidly as possible, and a reorganization of the troops was effected. Large
reinforcements reached the army during this period, and were distributed among the several corps and divisions, while
regiments whose term of service had expired were leaving almost daily. Some of the most skilful and experienced medical
men were thus lost to the army. The interval, however, enabled the corps medical directors to make the changes and
appointments in the medical staff which had thus been rendered necessary. Notwithstanding the large and frequent requisitions
made upon them, the supplies of the medical department continued abundant, and very little exertion was requisite to raise
them to the same standard as on the 1st of May. The new regiments arriving, of course, had no supplies, but as they entered
at once into a well-established organization, and, in fact, only took the places of those who had been lost by the preceding
battles, they found everything prepared for them, and no lack existed anywhere. The sick and slightly wounded were treated
at the field hospitals, regular sick-call being held twice a day. The ambulance horses were especially benefited by this
interval and by the long forage which was furnished at this time, the first since the crossing of the Rapidan. On the 7th
of June, our line was shortened by the withdrawal of the Fifth Corps from the right to the rear of the centre. On the 8th,
this corps passed over to the left, and held Long bridge and the Chickahominy at that point. This was preparatory to another
movement by the left flank, which should carry the army to the south bank of the James river, and effect its junction with
General Butler's command at Bermuda Hundred. On the 12th of June, this movement commenced, and was completed by the
16th, no obstruction or mishap occurring in the meanwhile. The Eighteenth Corps moved to White House, and, embarking in
transports, returned to General Butler's command, its connection with the army of the Potomac ceasing from this date. A
special transport was furnished the medical department of this corps, on which the hospital tents, stores and! the sick and
wounded were placed.
The number killed, wounded and missing, during the foregoing period, may be estimated as follows, the Eighteenth
Corps being excluded: Number of wounded, according to the classified returns, seven thousand five hundred and forty-five;
number of wounded, straggling and unrecorded, nine hundred; total, eight thousand four hundred and forty -five. Number of
killed, according to regimental reports, one thousand four hundred and twenty ; number of missing, one thousand eight
hundred and sixty-four; total, killed, wounded and missing, eleven thousand seven hundred and twenty-nine. The losses in
the Eighteenth Corps may be estimated as follows: wounded, one thousand nine hundred; killed and missing, five hundred;
total, two thousand four hundred. The number of sick sent to general hospitals north, during the same period, was three
thousand. The total loss was, therefore, seventeen thousand one hundred and twenty-nine, including the Eighteenth Corps.
The battles around Cool Arbor consisted of a series of attacks upon strong lines of breastworks. Our loss was relatively
large. As the army did not move for several days after the chief engagement, the medical department was enabled to care
properly for all the wounded, and to keep the field supply unimpaired. The lack of medical officers, although still felt, was
somewhat relieved by the return of those who had been left with the wounded in the Wilderness and at Frederickslmrg,
while the facilities presented at White House for the rapid removal of wounded rendered it unnecessary to keep so large a
portion of the medical staff at the depot hospital as had been required before. Forty new ambulances, eight Autenrieth
medicine wagons and the required horses and harness were received during this period, and more than repaired all the losses
experienced since the beginning of the campaign. When the army moved across the James river, the medical department was
better organized and equipped than when it crossed the Rapidan, all parts of the machinery working so smoothly that the
account of its operations becomes somewhat monotonous.
On the 31st of May, Surgeon Dalton, with the depot hospital staff and supplies, arrived at White House, on the Pamunkey
river. Assistant Surgeon McKenzie, U. S. A., arrived at the same date with two steamers and three barges filled with medical
supplies, including the three months' supply which had been required for on the 23d of April. As the Eighteenth Corps had
arrived arid occupied the country in front, Surgeon Dalton was able to commence unloading his stores and establishing the
hospital immediately ; and as the banks of the river at that point are nearly perpendicular, it was found easy to bring the boats
close to shore, and to commence operations without waiting for the construction of a wharf. Tents were pitched on a level
plateau, just below the ruins of White House, elevated about twenty feet above the surface of the river. The ground was low and
flat, with marshy spots scattered here and there, and with few or no facilities for drainage. Fortunately, however, the weather
continued hot and dry during the time that the hospital continued at this point, and no difficulties arose from the unfavorable
nature of the site. Springs in the river bank furnished an abundant supply of excellent water, and the supply boats were but
a few yards distant. About one hundred hospital tents were pitched. A train containing about three hundred wounded from
the Cavalry Corps arrived in the afternoon. They were placed directly on hoard the hospital transports Connecticut and
State of Maine, which were waiting to receive them. The large train under charge of Assistant Surgeon Asch. U. S. A., which
had moved down the north bank, arrived at the railroad bridge in the evening, but was unable to cross for twenty-four hours,
EEPOKT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR McPARLIN. 163
the bridge being unsafe. The wounded remained in the wagons, were fed, and, as far as possible, were dressed. When the
train crossed, the wounded were loaded directly upon the hospital transports, which held all but about two hundred, who
were put into hospital. The transports carried twelve hundred and ninety-one wounded to Washington on the evening of the
2d. The usual assortment of slightly wounded, sick and malingerers began to straggle in on the 3d, and were immediately set
to work arranging the hospital. On the 4th, wounded were arriving all day. Twelve hundred and fifty-four were sent
directly to Washington on quartermaster transports; the remainder, fourteen hundred and sixty in number, were placed in
hospital. It was very difficult to obtain a sufficient number of nurses and attendants to care properly for the wounded on these
transports, a requisition was therefore made on the Sanitary Commission, and a number of good nurses were obtained. The
original plan of the hospital had been to have each corps hospital pitched by itself, and removed some distance from the others,
and they had been widely scattered for the sake of securing ground free from marsh or ditches. On the 4th of June, however,
an order was issued by General Abercrombie that all the hospitals should be brought within the line of fortifications, which
rendered them somewhat crowded, and caused much confusion and extra labor. The tents were pitched by twos en echelon,
forming a series of rhombs. The wharves at which the transports for the wounded loaded were only about a hundred and fifty
yards distant, which rendered the shipment very easy. On the 5th and 6th, the wounded continued to arrive in large numbers,
and the resources of the hospital were taxed to their utmost to provide accommodations and shelter for them. Many of the
slightly wounded were sent directly off upon transports furnished by the Quartermaster's Department. Medical officers and
nurses were detailed to accompany them ; three days rations and medical stores were supplied, and one or two large caldrons
placed on board of each vessel for culinary purposes. Each transport was well policed and bedded with straw before the
wounded went on board. On the evening of June 6th, a telegram was received from the Surgeon General directing that the
wounded should henceforth be sent only on the regular hospital transports; but this was revoked the following day, upon
the representation of Surgeon Dalton that it would delay their removal at least two weeks, and seriously embarrass the
movements of the army. The regular hospital transports were used for the serious cases, and very few were sent by other
means who were unable to walk from the hospital to the boats. The movement of the wounded went on steadily and rapidly,
and by the 14th of June the hospitals were empty, the tents and stores packed on barges, and everything in readiness for a
movement to the new base, City Point. The condition of the wounded at \Vhite House was very good ; far better than it had
been at Eredericksburg. The roads by which the wounded were brought from the front, a distance of about ten miles, were
good and generally level, so that little suffering or exhaustion was caused by the trip. Supplies of every kind were abundant
and readily accessible; ice was freely supplied from ice-houses in the vicinity ; soft bread was furnished after the 5th of June,
and straw was supplied on and after the 7th. No hospital gangrene made its appearance, and very little erysipelas. When
this hospital had become fairly established, and it was apparent that its organization would be somewhat permanent, the
magnitude of the interests involved rendered it necessary that special officers should be assigned to duty in charge of its
commissary and quartermaster's departments, respectively. The state of the case having been represented to Major General
Meade, an order was issued on the 19th, directing Captain James, Assistant Quartermaster U. S. V., and Captain Talbot.
Assistant Commissary of Subsistence U. S. V., to report to Surgeon Dalton for duty connected with their respective departments.
They entered upon their duties on the 13th, and their subsequent labors contributed largely to the success and prosperity of the
hospital.
On the llth, preparations for a move began. As fast as the tents could be emptied they were taken down, and by the
14th, the hospital was packed and ready to move. Each corps or organization was kept separate, and had a separate barge
allotted for its transportation. The depot hospital boats and barges, together with those of the medical purveyor, moved
on the l.">th, passing first to the vicinity of Jamestown island, and finally reaching City Point on the evening of the 17th.
The depot at White House was not entirely broken up, however, the trains of the Cavalry Corps, and rations, forage and
ammunition being retained, guarded by the force under General Abercrombie, until the Cavalry Corps should return from its
Gordonsville expedition. Orders directing the movements of the army across the Chickahominy were issued from head
quarters on the llth of June, and the following paragraph is quoted as connected with the medical department :
"PAR. XIV. The corps will take with them on the march merely those light headquarter wagons, ammunition
wagons, ambulances, etc., etc., specified for the march across the Rapidau; all others will be sent at once to the main trains of
the army."
The transportation of the medical department which moved with the troops was, therefore, one-half of the ambulances,
one medicine wagon to each division, and one hospital wagon to each brigade; the remainder moved with the main trains to
Winsor Shades on the Chickahominy. With the latter were sent such sick and wounded as were not thought proper subjects
for general hospital, medical officers and supplies accompanying them. During the march, a few ambulances followed in the
rear of each division, to pick up sick and exhausted men, the remainder, with medicine and hospital wagons, moved with the
corps artillery. Owing to the hot weather of the preceding month, the Chickahominy was low, and its famous swamps were
intersected by hard and dry, but very dusty roads. The number of stragglers was large, as the march was a long one, and
rapidly made, but all the worst cases of the sick were picked up by the ambulances, and it is believed that very few, if any,
were permanently lost. The only engagement during the movement was a skirmish at White Oak Swamp bridge by the
3d division of the Cavalry Corps, the 3d division of the Fifth Corps participating also to some extent. One hundred and ten
were wounded, all of whom were brought along in the ambulances, after having been dressed and operated upon on the
Held. All of the ambulances and hospital wagons were on the south bank of the James by the evening of the Kith, having
crossed by the pontoon bridge below Wind Mill Point. Ninety wounded and thirty sick of the 3d division, Cavalry Corps,
were left at Wilcox's wharf with medical officers, attendants and supplies, and, on the 17th, were sent to general hospital at
Fortress Monroe by the quartermaster's transport Old Massachusetts. The movement from the James to the position taken up
in front of Petersburg was rapidly made in hot and sultry weather; the troops were fatigued, and fell out of the ranUs in large
numbers, especially from the Ninth Corps. Many cases of heat-apoplexy occurred, and all of the ambulances were filled to
overflowing. The assault made by the Second Corps on the afternoon of the Itith resulted in heavy loss, and but a pail of the
164 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, 1864.
wounded could be brought in, as tlie chief part of the ambulances and all the hospital wagons had not come up. Five hundred
and forty-five wounded were collected at Dr. Bailey's house, which afforded a shelter for the worst cases; soup and hard bread
were distributed, and operating and dressing went on during the night. The train came up about ten o'clock p. M., tents were
immediately pitched, and the ambulance corps set to bringing in the rest of the wounded. During the 17th, all were brought
in, placed under shelter and well ca'red for. The number in the field hospitals by night was : Second Corps, one thousand six
hundred and fifty-four ; Fifth Corps, one hundred and forty-four; Ninth Corps, eighty-seven; total, one thousand eight hundred
and eighty-five. The Fifth Corps took up a position on the 17th, and its hospitals were established on the Prince George Court
house road, south of Dr. Bailey's. Those of the Ninth Corps, near Dunn's house, one half mile farther west. On the afternoon
of the 18th, a general attack was made on the enemy's works. The following number of wounded were received: Second
Corps, five hundred and fifty-eight; Fifth Corps, one thousand and one; Sixth Corps, fifty-three; Ninth Corps, one thousand
one hundred and ten; total, two thousand seven hundred and twenty-two. Supplies of every kind were plentiful, but the
hospitals by this time were filled to overflowing. Notice having been received that Surgeon Dalton, with the depot hospital,
tents and stores, had arrived at City Poirit, a train of wounded was sent on the morning of the 19th. Army wagons and
ambulances were used, bedded, loaded and furnished with stores and attendants in the usual manner. The number sent was
reported as follows: Second Corps, two thousand and one hundred wounded, in eighty-six ambulances and one hundred and
ninety-three wagons; Fifth Corps, six hundred and eighteen wounded, in ninety-six ambulances and thirty-six wagons; Sixth
Corps, twenty-one wounded, in seven ambulances; Ninth Corps, nine hundred and seventy-six wounded, in fifty-seven
ambulances and thirty wagons ; total, three thousand seven hundred and fifteen wounded, in two hundred and forty-six
ambulances and two hundred and fifty-nine wagons. During the 19th, one thousand six hundred and fifty-six wounded were
brought in from the field and cared for in the hospitals. On the 21st, the Second Corps moved to the left, and its hospitals
were established near Smith's house, on the Jerusalem plank road. The 3d division of the Cavalry Corps had moved, in the
meantime, still farther to the left, for the purpose of cutting the Weldon railroad. As no reports have been received from the
surgeon-in-chief of this division, it is not possible to give any account of the operations of the medical department of this
command, but it is known that two medicine wagons, filled with supplies, were captured by the enemy, and that the greater part
of the wounded fell into their hands. An attempt was made to recover these wounded by the medical director of the Sixth
Corps, but only ten or twelve could be found, the remainder having been taken to Petersburg. From this time until the latter
part of July, the army was comparatively quiet, and the position of the field hospitals remained unchanged. This period of
comparative quiet, from July 21, 1864, was spent in reorganizing and supplying the army, and the rest was much needed by the
men. Although in front of the enemy, everything was comparatively quiet, with the exception of the Ninth Corps, in front
of which, constant skirmishing was going 011 between the pickets and the men stationed in the rifle pits, and many of the men
were almost as much at their ease as if they had been in an ordinary summer camp. The country was low and rather flat,
with very few springs or running streams of water. The weather was fortunately hot and dry, which prevented many of the
evil results which must otherwise have followed from the nature of the ground. The water used by the troops was generally
of good quality, and was chiefly obtained from wells sunk to a deptli of from eight to thirty feet, the water being found in a
stratum of blue clay. The number of sick during this period was large, but the cases were mild, and yielded rapidly to
treatment. Nine-tenths of all the diseases were miasmatic in character, diarrhoea of this type being especially prevalent. A
decided scorbutic taint also existed, not to so great an extent as to merit especial classification as a disease, but modifying the
other diseases prevalent. Large and frequent issues of fresh vegatables were made during this time, but a sufficient quantity
could not be procured for the first four weeks. An ample supply of desiccated and compressed mixed vegetables was available,
but these have never been liked or generally used by the men, and were of little service. The personal and camp police
were generally good, except in those portions of the line where the constant snapshooting and artillery practice compelled
the men to lie close in the trenches and rifle pits. The sides of the shelter-tents were elevated from the ground, and arbors
over them contributed to keep oft' the direct rays of the sun. Good sinks were very generally constructed, and the burial
of offal, etc., was well attended to. Although the days were very hot, the thermometer standing ninety-eight degrees for several
hours in the middle of the day, yet the nights were cool, producing a heavy deposit of dew, and thus acting as a cause of
miasmatic disease. The organization of the division field hospitals was kept up, and a large proportion of the sick of the
army were treated in them. The regimental medical officers had stations between two and three hundred yards behind the
troops, these stations being provided with bomb-proofs in the more exposed positions of the line, and the advance ambulance
stations were near by. Regular sick-calls were held at these points, and all the slight cases treated there. The division
hospitals were abundantly supplied with every requisite for the treatment of the sick and slightly wounded, and their condition
and management were, as a rule, highly creditable to the medical officers in charge. The following statement will show
the work performed in them during this period, viz., from June 16th: Total number of sick received, eleven thousand one
hundred and ninety-one; total number of wounded received, eleven thousand five hundred and twenty-six; aggregate,
twenty-two thousand seven hundred and seventeen ; of whom there were sent to depot hospital, fifteen thousand four hundred
and twenty-seven; returned to duty, three thousand five hundred and sixty-five; died, seven hundred and ninety-seven;
remaining, two thousand five hundred and seventy-eight; unaccounted for, three hundred and fifty. These hospitals were
fitted up with wooden bunks for the patients, kitchens for extra diet, etc., and accumulated a very considerable amount of
hospital fund, which was expended for butter, eggs and other delicacies. Minute and repeated inspections were made of
all the hjppitals arid ambulance stations by the acting medical inspectors on duty at these headquarters, and full reports
of the results made to this office. The inmates of the hospitals experienced great annoyance from dust, and from the
swarms of ilies which seemed to spring up everywhere. For the first evil, there could be but little remedy. A large
number of musquito-bars procured and distributed served to abate the latter nuisance to a great degree. Regiments whose
term of service had expired were leaving almost daily, taking with them their medical officers, and in this way a number
of the most experienced and valuable surgeons were being lost to the service. As it was highly important that these officers
should be retained if possible, representation of the facts was made to the Surgeon General, and the following order was
REPORT OF MKDIOAL DIRECTOR McPARLlN. 165
soon after issued by the War Department: "General Orders No. 222. War Department, Adjutant General's Office,
Washington, July 4, 1864. Medical directors of armies in the field are authorized to employ, under contract, as acting staff
surgeons, regimental surgeons of two years' experience, who are specially recommended by their medical directors, and whose
term of service has expired. The rate of compensation will be the same as the pay and emoluments of regimental surgeons,
with use of one public horse and equipments, and forage for the same. By order of the Secretary of War. (Signed) E. D.
Townsend, Assistant Adjutant General." Very few surgeons, however, were found willing to accept contracts upon the terms
above given, as those whose services were really valuable could obtain a larger income by private practice, and all wished to
visit their friends and families.
During the evening of the 2Gth, the Second Corps moved to the north side of the James river. Five hundred and
thirty-eight sick belonging to the corps were sent to City Point in the morning, most of them being slight cases, but such as
were thought by the medical officers to be incapable of making a forced march, and they were sent to the depot hospital, to
remain until the movement of the Second Corps should have been accomplished. Twenty ambulances followed each division
during the movement, and were speedily filled with exhausted men, the number of stragglers being very large. A temporary
hospital was established on the north bank, near the pontoon bridge, where the few who were wounded on the morning of the
27th, at Strawberry Plains, were dressed and operated upon. The wounded during the day were removed to the south bank,
where complete field hospitals were established, and, on the 28th, they were taken to City Point by the quartermaster's transport
lolas, the total number being sixty-four. The corps returned during the night of the 29th, and its hospitals were established
around the Burchard house.
As soon as it was known that the mine in front of the Ninth Corps would be sprung, and an assault made on the
morning of the 3flth of July, the ambulances of the Sixth Corps, which had been left in park near City Point when the corps
moved off on the 9th, were ordered up and stationed in rear of the Fifth Corps, and preparations were made to remove the
wounded as rapidly as possible when the engagement should commence. For the first two hours after the assault, however,
very few wounded could be brought in, as the covered ways leading to the front were blocked up by the supporting columns
of troops, and only a part of the wounded were brought in from the field before the ground was abandoned to the enemy.
The total number of wounded collected and brought into the field hospitals from this affair was as follows : Second Corps,
twenty-seven; Fifth Corps, thirty-four; Ninth Corps, one thousand four hundred and thirty-five; total, one thousand four
hundred and ninety-six. Having been absent from the army on duty from July 26th to August 4th (Surgeon J. T. Ghiselin,
U. S. A., acting as medical director), I have no personal knowledge of the incidents and dispositions attending the explosion
of the mine upon the 30th of July.
When the boats and barges conveying the depot hospital organization from AVhite House arrived at City Point on the
morning of the 18th of June, everything was found in confusion. The construction of wharves by the Quartermaster's
Department was going on as rapidly as possible, but, at the time, none had been finished. The buildings within the line of
fortifications were filled with wounded, principally from the colored troops belonging to General Butler's command, and were
entirely unfit for hospital purposes, being small, ill-ventilated and very dirty. The only site available for a hospital camp was
on the south bank of the Appomattox, about three-quarters of a mile from City Point. It was about thirty-five feet above the
water, and the ground svas level and open. The work of unloading the barges went onjslowly, as but few laborei-s could be
obtained, and the means of transportation from City Point to the hospitals were very limited. Some tents were pitched on the
18th, and on the following day, Surgeon Dalton was able to report that he was ready to receive wounded. As the amount of
ground available was limited, the tents were pitched in rows and streets, each corps by itself. The wounded began to straggle to
the hospital on the 18th, and, on the 19th, the first large train of wounded arrived. The worst cases were immediately placed on
the transports George Leary and Connecticut, and sent to Washington ; the others were made comfortable in the hospitals. The
quartermaster's transport Wenonah was loaded with the wounded of General Butler's command, five hundred in number, during
the evening.
The first opportunity for transporting the wounded from the corps before Petersburg was afforded by Surgeon McCormick,
U. S. A., medical director of the department of Virginia and North Carolina, who placed at my disposal the hospital transport
steamer George Leary, from the army of the James, whose established depot was at Bermuda Hundred. By this opportune
assistance, Surgeon Dalton was enabled to send three hundred and fifty wounded from City Point to Washington on the 19th
of June. Great trouble and delay occurred in loading these boats. Long trains of wagons, waiting to be loaded with supplies,
occupied the single narrow road leading to the docks, .and at first it seemed probable that the scenes of Belle Plain were to be
repeated at City Point. On the 2()th, however, a wharf was constructed of pontoon boats and barges just below the hospital,
and exclusively appropriated to the use of the medical department. From this time no further trouble occurred. Until the end
of June, sick and wounded continued to arrive from the front with great rapidity, and were sent north as fast as transportation
could be procured. On the 21st and 23d, the steamers Continental, Western Metropolis and De Molay, which were regularly
fitted up as hospital transports, and provided with medical officers and attendants, reported by order of the Surgeon General,
and were employed, during the rest of the summer, in conveying wounded to Philadelphia, New York and other points in the
north and east. The hospital transports Connecticut and State of Maine were employed on the inland waters running to
Washington, Annapolis and Baltimore. The barge New World, containing eight hundred beds, intended to be used as a
receiving ship for serious cases, and, when full, to be towed to some point in the north, arrived on the 30th, and was brought up
to the wharf near the hospital. Upon examination, it was found that she was entirely unfit for the purpose for which ?he had
been designed, as not over two hundred 'men could be safely placed upon her. She had three decks, one above (lie other,
ventilation was exceedingly imperfect, and erysipelas and phagfcdena made their appearance in forty-eight hours after wounded
were placed on board. She was used for a few davs as a receiving ship for slight cases, and was then turned over to the
quartermaster's department, the bedsteads, bedding and hospital stores on board being transferred to the hospital. The boats of
the medical purveyor were brought to the hospital wharf, and, as no further necessity existed for the train <>t' thirty-five
wagons, the stores were placed on the purveyor's boats, and the wagons turned over to the quartermaster's department. The
166 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, 18(54.
hospitals at City Point were fairly organized and in good working order by the end of June. For a time, they were somewhat
overcrowded, the capacity of the hospital tents, when properly filled, amounting to forty-five hundred beds, while six thousand
men were present, as shown by the consolidated daily report. Supplies and stores of all kinds were abundant, and the hospital
quartermaster and commissary kept everything in their departments in good order. The cooking arrangements were ample
and worked well. The extra diet kitchens were under the supervision of ladies, whose services were thus made available, and
who were of much more use than when employed as nurses in the wards. The want of medical officers was great at first, but as
soon as it became evident that there would be a cessation of active movements of the army, six medical officers from each corps
were sent to Surgeon Dalton, and from this time, June 28th, there was no further lack.
Upon application by the medical director, an order was issued by the Provost Marshal General directing that the negro
women who should be brought within the lines of the army should be sent to the depot hospital to act as laundresses. The
men employed as cooks and nurses in the depot hospitals were, in part, the regularly detailed attendants who came in with the
trains, but by far the greater number were stragglers and malingerers made useful by the surgeons as they came in. To obviate
the evils arising from this practice, a detail of a sufficient number of attendants was obtained in the latter part of June. The
water for the use of the hospitals was at first obtained from springs in the river bank. Wells were afterwards dug, and yielded
water of excellent quality. The weather was very hot and sultry, and the dust soon became a great nuisance in the hospitals.
The main road from the front to City Point, by which all the supply trains moved, passed close to the hospitals, and clouds of
dust were constantly settling over the tents. To obviate this, a number of water carts were procured and the ground freely
sprinkled. Screens and arbors of evergreens were also erected as fast as possible.
The wounded suffered very little in their transit from the front, but their general health had been much impaired, and
secondary ha3inorrhage, erysipelas, pyaemia, etc., were observed. Few or no cases of true hospital gangrene occurred, although
there were a number of sloughing phagsedenic wounds. Disinfectants were freely used, sulphate of iron being the article
preferred for the latrines. The police of the hospitals became bad during the first week, as the number of patients to be cared
for was so great that every available man was required for nursing and to load the boats. A detail of dismounted cavalry was
finally obtained, and the police improved rapidly. During the first week in July, three thousand iron bedsteads were obtained
and placed in the hospitals. Two fire engines, two steam pumps and a reservoir were also received and used. The supply of
water was. from that time, abundant and convenient, and the plague of dust, in a gi-eat measure, abated. One hundred and
sixty adult contrabands were kept employed in the hospitals as cooks, laundresses, etc. The washing of the hospital was no
small item, amounting to six thousand pieces per week.
The consolidated summaries of the monthly reports of sick and wounded during the campaign are necessarily incomplete,
especially for the months of May and June, inasmuch as, during active operations, the data for these reports must be obtained
almost exclusively from the records of the field hospitals. These records embrace all the severely wounded who require
ambulance transportation from the field, but very many of the slighter cases go directly to the depot hospital, if one is
established and within a day's march. The number who thus straggle is usually between ten and twenty per centum of
the entire number wounded. These consolidated reports, however, show several facts of interest, of which the following may
be mentioned as among the chief: The ratio of the number of officers wounded during the month of May was twenty-two per
centum of the number present, being somewhat greater than that of the enlisted men, which was twenty and nine-tenths per
centum. During the months of June and July, the proportion of officers was a little less than that of the enlisted men. The
probable cause of this difference has already been referred to in the account of the battle of the Wilderness. The ratio of sick
increased steadily, as is shown by the following statement: The ratio of number of sick to aggregate strength for May was
eleven and forty-one one-hundredths per centum; June, fourteen and eighty-nine one-hundredths per centum; July, twenty-
seven and one-tenth per centum. Ratio of average number on daily sick report to aggregate strength : May, twro and three
one-hundredths per centum; June, two arid sixty -two one-hundredths; July, four and fifty-five one-hundredths. Ratio of
officers sick: May, nine and thirty-nine one-hundredths per centum; June, thirteen and three one-hundredths per centum;
July, seventeen and forty-six one-hundredths per centum. Ratio of enlisted men sick : May, eleven and forty-eight one-
hundredths per centum; June, fourteen and ninety-six one-hundredths; July, twenty-seven and fifty-eight one hundredths.
The depot field hospitals of this army have been, 1 am confident, superior to any heretofore organized, accommodating, at times,
seven thousand inmates. Those at City Point had a capacity for nearly ten thousand during the summer. As winter approaches,
log buildings, fifty feet long and twenty wide, roofed with boards and felting, are being substituted for tents. The streets will
be graded and gravelled, and sidewalks corduroyed to obviate inconvenience from mud.
The ambulance is so light a vehicle, so portable and swift, that I am persuaded more should be permitted to advance
with troops and to accompany cavalry. It is probable that a few might be occasionally lost, but it is better to accept the risk,
though I believe it inconsiderable, than to suffer from a deficiency. There is wisdom in the ancient institution of Leo VI, which
declares, "If you desire that your soldiers should go willingly to battle, the greatest care must be had for attending to the
wounded.'' In my opinion, an additional wagon should be authorized to each division ambulance train, which would transport
more clothing for the contingencies of battle, and be eligible, also, for procuring forage, which is imperfectly done, during very
active operations, with the present allowance. The trains of wounded and sick sent from the army have always been organized
with care; one of them extended seven miles upon the road, composed of wagons, bedded, spring wagons and ambulances.
It may be of interest to make an approximate statement of the proportion of transport service rendered by ambulances
and wagons. The approximate numbers are three thousand five hundred and eighteen ambulances, and two thousand two
hundred and thirty-three wagons, spring and army patterns. This does not include vehicles at the front collecting wounded
for division hospitals, nor transport service between the front and the depot hospital at the base. The whole number of
ambulances authorized, and available at any time for emergency, did not exceed eight hundred, and they were frequently
required to he moving night and day. Twenty-seven new medicine wagons, of the Autenrieth and Perot patterns, have been
received during the campaign. Five of them were transferred to Medical Director McCormick, to meet the necessities of the
cooperating army of the James.
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR McPARLIN.
167
In the varying conditions of the army in the field, whether in camp or in action, on the march or in winter quarters, the
division hospital system, I believe, may be fully accepted as a success. It accords with the unit of organization and adminis
tration of the army, furnishing prompt, adequate and convenient resources for every occasion. Emergencies do not greatly
overtax the energy of officers when prompt removal of wounded inmates, who have received necessary attention, permits
recuperation before further efforts ; experience ensures ample provision of food, shelter, supplies and attendants ; as a point of
rendezvous, its locality is soon known; a proper mobility is kept in view, and discipline, efficiency and use of supplies are
supervised; preservation of property has been conspicuous, considering its exposure, during military operations; the com
mendable care exercised, and its attendant success, illustrates the propriety of the arrangements made. On account of the
magnitude of the operations which rapidly succeeded each other, it was necessary to supply the deficiency of ambulances by
wagons. During the combats in the Wilderness, and at other points remote from the base of supplies, celerity was especially
required. It may be remarked that circumstances will rarely tax more severely the capabilities of staff departments than those
of this year have done. When necessary, I received prompt, cordial and efficient cooperation from the chief quartermaster and
other chiefs of departments whose operations were connected with my own. This complete official accord was as beneficial to
the service as it was personally pleas ureable. The cheerful acceptance of vicissitudes, patience, fortitude and almost utter absence
of complaint, have long been observed, and they show the high character of the individual soldier of the veteran army. Out
of the many thousands of wounded, there have been few left to the care of the enemy, and, in such cases, supplies, camp equipage
and attendants remained. Whenever there was an opportunity, the wounded of the enemy have been collected and fully cared
for. The medical directors of corps have faithfully met their responsibilities. To Surgeon J. J. Milhau, U. S. A., Surgeon J.
N. Dougherty, U. S. V., and Surgeon S. A. Holman, U. S. V., especial credit is due. Surgeon E. B. Dalton, U. S. V., who
received the wounded of the army for transmission north, with Surgeon A. J. Phelps, IT. S. V., inspector and assistant, ably
directed the labors of numerous subordinates at the base of the army. Surgeon J. F. Ghiselin, U. S. A., assistant medical
director, Assistant Surgeon J. B. Brinton, U. S. A., medical purveyor, Assistant Surgeon J. S. Billings, U. S. A., and Assistant
Surgeon Geo. M. McGill, U. S. A., have rendered most valuable, varied and constant aid in the discharge of the general duties
assigned them, and the special ones that emergencies required. The ambulance service has been well and gallantly performed,
and its chief officers, Captain W. F. Drum, 2d U. S. Infantry, and Captains B. W. Baldwin and J. G. Pelton, 14th
Connecticut, deserve especial commendation.
Accompanying are the reports of Medical Director Dougherty and the Medical Purveyor. Reports from other
medical directors of corps and chief medical officers of independent commands have not yet been received. It is deemed
advisable to terminate this report with the period ending July 31, 1864, and not farther delay its transmission.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
THOS. A. McPARLIN, Surgeon U. S. A.
TO THE SURGEON GENERAL OF THE AliMY.
CXXXVIII. Statement of Fund accruing from JVeiospaper Tax, expendable by the Medical
Director. From January 28, 1864:, to November 21, 1864.
AMOUNT RECEIVED.
DOLLS.
CTS.
AMOUNT DISBURSED AND REM'G ON HAND.
DOLLS.
CTS.
Amount received
19, 428
25
By checks to medical directors of corps. .
1,374
(JO
To chief medical officers of independent com
\,
mands, and others, for articles purchased
\
incident to hospital comfort and adminis
tration
1 843
38
To medical purveyor, for purchase of articles
\^
of comfort and subsistence of the wounded.
8,413
93
x\
For freight
9
00
^X
Balance on hand
7 787
04
\
19, 428
25
19, 428
25
In addition to the stores issued by the medical purveyor, and furnished by the Medical Department, a large quantity
of delicacies and anti-scorbutics were purchased and distributed to the depot and division hospitals. The following table will
show the kind and amount of the articles thus purchased during the campaign :
Peaches, in two-pound cans 9, 600 cans.
Jellies, assorted, in jars 3, 600 jars.
Tomatoes, in two-pound cans 3, 600 cans.
Lemons HO boxes.
Oranges 50 boxes.
Crackers (Boston) 5, 366 pounds.
Pickles 13, 800 gallons.
Candles 380 pounds.
The total cost of the above articles was $8,413 93.
* This amount includes the sum of $3,583 0.3, balance on hand at the date first named.
168
APPENDED DOCUMENTS ARMY OF THR POTOMAC, 1864.
CXXXIX. SCHEDULE A. — Consolidated Statement of Articles and Quantities of Medical and
Hospital Property carried with the Army of the Potomac across the Rapidan, May 4, 1864.
ARTICLES CARRIED.
AMOUNT
IN RESERVE
SUPPLY
TRAIN.
IN BRIGADE
SUPPLY AND
HOSPITAL
WAGONS.
IN
MEDICINE
WAGONS.
IN
AMBULANCE
BOXES.
TOTAL ARMY
SUPPLY.
IN
WAGONS OF
SANITARY
COMMISSION.
MEDICINES.
300
25
40
20
1,605
400
790
480
300
300
25
90
20
3,765
900
1,906
676
300
50
200
270
50
65
25
22
425
1,100
120
80
160
40
200
350
360
235
270
820
" tannici - ........... oz.
50
" tart'irici Ibs.
720
1,440
500
720
100
396
96
Alcoholis bolts.
20
30
100
120
40
45
25
22
140
100
70
80
150
40
200
350
360
30
70
40
200
400
340
300
26
82
42
42
360
700
345
400
340
41
350
300
400
370
" anuse Ibs.
100
150
10
20
" « fusse oz.
" adipis - ............. .IbSt
110
200
50
175
800
Chloroform! oz.
20
Collodii oz.
10
ipecac fld oz.
Ferri cbloridi tinct .. Ibs.
145
200
60
60
subsulpb. liq. . oz.
720
400
2,000
Hydrarg. pil oz.
600
3,480
632
1,288
417
134
Ipecac, et pulveris opii oz
1,080
292
288
215
52
20
20
540
100
1,152
1,200
2,080
42
Lini Farina; Ibs
Magnesise sulpb Ibs
700
176
Morpbia; sulph oz
45
Olei olivse botts
' ricini botts
62
62
1,600
900
1,857
2 680
'' terebintli botts
Opii pulveris Oz
700
100
360
1,080
360
" tincturse oz
Pilulae campb. et opii doz
" catbart. comp doz
" opii doz
2 780
Plumbi acctatis Ibs.
83
350
1,740
2,600
2, 370
Potass, arsenit. liq oz,
" iodidi oz.
1,440
2, 000
1,000
Quinise sulph ... oz
200
1,000
" pil doz
EEPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR McPARLIN.
SCHEDULE A. — Consolidated Statement, etc. — Continued.
169
ARTICLES CARRIED.
AMOUNT
IN RESERVE
SUPPLY
TRAIN.
IN BRIGADE
SUPPLY AND
HOSPITAL
WAC.OXS.
IN
MEDICINE
WAGONS.
IN
AMBULANCE
liOXF.S.
TOTAL ARMY
SUPPLY.
IN
WAGONS OF
SANITARY
COMMISSION.
Saponis -- Ibs.
284
176
350
810
100
SciUac syr Ibs.
150
130
280
180
270
280
730
25
Soda? clilor. liq Ibs.
50
250
40
340
" et potass tart - oz.
500
500
'' bicarl) Ibs.
100
20
120
Spts frumenti botts.
2 400
1,480
1,100
4 980
" vini gallici botts.
96
1,000
260
1,356
60
Tarragona wine botts.
120
120
.Jamaica rum botts.
60
St. Croix ruin .. cans.
40
Blackberry brandy -. - ..botts.
160
lodinii ...... . .. oz.
20
100
120
HOSPITAL STORES.
Beef stock .. .. Ibs.
400
2,160
5,300
7,860
240
Candles Ibs.
370
540
100
500
1,510
Farina Ibs.
298
460
500
1, 258
450
Nutmegs ... . Ibs.
10
14
24
Sugar, white. Ibs.
432
400
500
1, 332
155
Tea, black Ibs.
100
460
180
740
85
Condensed milk Ibs.
768
720
1,488
600
Canned peaches cans.
2, 280
800
3,080
Corn starch Ibs.
200
200
Jellies, assorted cans .... . . . doz.
200
200
Lemons boxes.
10
10
20
Dried fruit . Ibs.
100
HOSPITAL CLOTHING.
Drawers pairs.
700
800
1,500
360
Shirts ... no.
700
800
1,500
360
Socks .. .. . pairs.
943
800
1,743
BEDDING.
Blankets ... . no.
2,200
2,800
890
5,890
Bed sacks . no.
200
1,000
1,200
Bed covers.... no
60
400
460
Blanket cases . no
50
43
93
Sheets, linen .... no
120
120
DRESSINGS.
Adhesive plaster yd«.
1,030
900
250
2, 180
120
Binders' boards pieces
400
1, 000
400
1,800
Cotton bats Ibs
25
100
100
225
wadding sheets
60
50
110
Flannel ved yds
9()()
200
400
Gutta-percha cloth yd*
427
450
100
977
Gelatine plaster vds
144
910
240
1,294
Lint iiatent Ibs
400
1 000
200
1,600
" picked Ibs
187
80
267
500
600
350
1,450
170
APPENDED DOCUMENTS AEMY OF THE POTOMAC, 1864.
SCHEDULE A. — Consolidated Statement, etc. — Continued.
ARTICLES CARRIED.
AMOUNT
IN RESERVE
SUPPLY
TRAIN.
IN BRIGADE
SUPPLY AND
HOSPITAL
WAGONS.
IN
MEDICINE
WAGONS.
IN
AMBULANCE
BOXES.
TOTAL ARMY
SUPPLY.
IN
WAGONS OF
SANITARY
COMMISSION.
Oiled silk yds.
400
450
200
1 050
" muslin yds.
100
100
200
Pencils, hair. doz.
60
20
30
110
Pins papers.
216
200
100
516
Roller bandages ............ ....... doz
1 600
4 500
750
6 850
100
Green silk . yds.
40
40
Surgeons' silk oz.
20
100
50
170
Splints, sets . no.
200
150
41
391
" Smith's anterior no.
100
400
15
515
Sponge.. '.... Ibs.
50
710
360
1 120
5
Suspensory bandages no.
460
280
740
Tape pieces.
160
160
Thread, linen oz.
400
300
300
1 000
Tow Ibs.
24
200
200
424
Towels doz.
320
180
44
544
40
Twine oz.
350
350
Oakum Ibs
200
100
40
340
FURNITURE, ETC., ETC.
Basins, tin .. no
83
370
92
545
Bed pans no
76
180
44
300
Buckets no.
500
90
444
1 034
Corks doz.
Wff
360
350
710
Corkscrews no.
130
40
170
Lanterns no
100
100
90
525
815
Knives and forks no.
1,350
1 200
2 550
150
Spoons no
1 568
1 100
2 700
5 368
150
Plates, tin . doz
410
92
QOO
702
150
Tumblers, tin no.
500
260
1 200
1 960
Tin cups no
936
936
150
Urinals no
40
TiO
an
280
Camp kettles no
125
400
1 300
1 825
Litters, hand no
102
120
1 500
1 722
STATIONERY.
Blank books <joz
12
15
12
39
Envelopes joz
1 000
400
«e
1 485
Ink kotts
^fi
fin
AA
140
Paper, writing quires
160
100
100
360
Pens and holders ,
1 480
4ftO
1 960
Medical chests filled per supply table
50
" panniers " " " u
40
IE
Hospital knapsacks " " « «
90
i
Field companions " " " <>
6r>
J^
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR McPARLIN.
171
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:
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00 TF -H 00 l>. (K <J»
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00 O* O O tM CO
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hrl
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CO rH O2 O •"*< O P-H
TOTAL
172
APPENDED DOCUMENTS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, 1864.
CXLI. SCHEDULE C. — List of Articles and Quantities of Medical and Hospital Stores received
at Belle Plain, Virginia, May 10, 1864.
ARTICLES.
IN SUFl'LY
BOATS.
IN
BAUGES.
5550
2000
3024
400
24
100
144
600
600
TOTAL.
ARTICLKS.
IN SriTLY
BOATS.
IN
BARGES.
TOTAL.
Blankets no
7500
5000
13050
7000
3024
600
74
2100
1144
5600
5600
5000
5000
600
100
100
580
500
500
1000
200
12
100
Ice tons.
50
5000
1000
50
5000
1000
Sheets no.
Basins . ... no.
Whiskey (bottles) doz
200
50
2000
1000
5000
5000
5000
5000
Cushions (rubber) .. no.
Liq. sodse chlor bottles.
Feeding cups no.
400
200
500
3000
3000
1000
25
200
500
400
200
500
3000
3000
1000
25
200
500
1000
400
100
100
20
7
200
20
Lint - - Ibs.
Bed pans. . . . no.
Shirts no.
Spoons no.
Cups (tin) no.
Oiled muslin yds.
Saddlers' silk oz.
Cots no
600
100
100
80
Lanterns no.
Buckets no.
Towels no.
1000
400
100
100
20
7
200
20
Tea Ibs
500
500
500
1000
200
12
100
Porter doz.
Chloroform Ibs.
Sulphuric ether Ibs.
Field cases no.
Pocket sets no.
Adhesive plaster yds.
Silver wire. . -.- spools.
CXLII. Abstract from the Consolidated Imports of the Ambulance Corps for the Months of
May, June and July, 1864.
Number of ambulances on hand. — May 1st, 592 ; June 1st, 620 ; July 1st, 615 ; July 31st, 575.
Number of medicine wagons on hand. — May 1st, Autenrieth's pattern, 21 ; Perot's, 18 ; Duntoii's, 1. June 1st,
18; Perot's, 11; Dunton's, H- July 1st, Autenrieth's, 22 ; Perot's, 11 ; Dunton's, 12. July 3lst, Autenrieth's, 29 :
Dunton's, 12.
Number of army wagons on hand. — May 1st, 209 ; June 1st, 174 ; July 1st, 197 ; July 31st, 195.
Number of forges on hand. — May 1st, 15 ; June 1st, 15 ; July 1st, 14 ; July 31st, 14.
Number of horses and mules on hand. — May 1st, horses, 1,871; mules, 1,146. June 1st, horses, 1,832:
July 1st, horses, 1, 935 ; mules, 1, 019. July 31st, horses, 1974 ; mules, 980.
Number of stretchers on hand.— May 1st, 1, 214 ; June 1st, 767 ; July 1st, 851 ; July 31st, 1, 069.
Present for duty.— May 1st, officers, 60 ; enlisted men, 2, 275. June 1st, officers, 57 ; men, 2, 092. July 1st
men, 2, 114. July 31st, officers, 52 ; men, 2, 045.
t, Autenrieth's,
l ; Perot's, 11 ;
mules, 870.
?t, officers, 55 ;
CXLIII. Report of the Medical Director of the Army of the Potomac from August 1 to
December 31, 1864. By Surgeon THOMAS A. McPARLm, U. S. Army.
HKADQUAHTERS AKMY OF THE POTOMAC,
MEDICAL DIRECTOR'S OFFICE, December 26, 1864.
GENERAL : I have the honor to submit the following continuation of my report of the operations of the medical department
of the army of the Potomac. Early in August, the Eighteenth Corps of the army of the James, and the Ninth and Fifth Corps
of the army of the Potomac, occupied the lines of investment, breastworks and fortified positions south of Petersburg and the
Appomattox, in the area northward of the low grounds and rivulets tributary to the Blackwater. The Second Corps was in
camp as a reserve. The weather was generally dry. The soil contained enough clay to make the roads, after rain, almost
impassable for loaded trains ; attention to the enforcement of police and drainage became, therefore, the more necessary. The
ground occupied was subject to malarial influences. Personal movements and labor were restricted in those portions of the line
exposed to fire. Wells had been dug and good water secured both in the camps and entrenchments. The extension and use
of the railroad made heavy trains, to a great degree, unnecessary after September 14th. The position occupied by the Ninth
Corps at the front was exposed to the continual fire of sharpshooters and pickets, often kept up during the night. The Second
Corps was encamped, in reserve, in the vicinity of the Deserted house. Its quarters and camps were superior in cleanliness
and comfort to those of the previous month. Its chief hospital was near the Burchard house. The Fifth Corps occupied
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR McPARLIN. 173
somewhat elevated ground on the left, Its hospitals were situated near general headquarters and the Prince George Court-house
road. They afforded their patients every comfort compatible with the mobility necessary to a field establishment. Officers
were treated in them in many cases. The diet of the army has been, at all times, an object of especial attention, but, during
the summer, the chief commissary, Colonel T. Wilson, secured an abundant supply of vegetables as soon as the new crop came
in. Potatoes, onions, beets, cabbage, dried apples and peaches, turnips and pickles, were everywhere issued and appreciated.
A malarial type, indicated by a periodic tendency, was impressed upon most of the diseases treated. In the Ninth Corps, the
cases responded less favorably to treatment, and many were sent away to the depot hospital at City Point. Cases of biliary
disorder were frequent. August 5th, two divisions of the Cavalry Corps left this section for duty in the Shenandoah valley.
August 9th, the explosion of the ordnance barge, at City Point, occurred, and caused a number of severe injuries. From the
1st to the 12th, comparative quiet existed, but, at this last date, movements were initiated having in view the seizure and
destruction of the Wei don railroad. This was accomplished before the 25th by the Fifth Corps, when our lines were
permanently extended on the left to the vicinity of the Yellow tavern. As a preliminary measure intended to facilitate
this object, a diversion was made by a movement of the Second Corps to the north side of the James, commencing on
the 12th. The sick and wounded of that corps were sent by an ambulance train to the depot field hospital at City Point.
The corps marched in the afternoon, and camped at City Point at night, awaiting transport vessels. The ambulance train
arrived at eleven o'clock p. M. It left those unable to accompany the command in hospital at City Point, and resumed the
journey to Bermuda Hundred, joining the corps on the next day at Jones's Neck. The corps embarked on the l!3th, and
reached Deep Bottom, north of the James. On the 14th, it disembarked, advanced to the west of the New Market road and took
position. The day was excessively hot; the men had been exhausted, and many fell out of the ranks, some insensible or in
convulsions; in many cases, death resulted. Twenty ambulances for each division were crossed over the pontoon bridge from
Jones's Neck, and were at once occupied with these cases and those wounded in skirmishing. One medicine wagon and one
army wagon, loaded with tent flies and cooking utensils for each division, also crossed. A refreshing shower happily occurred
in the evening. Hospitals were formed near the lower pontoon bridge, on the north bank of the river, where a landing place
was constructed, by which to send the wounded on boats to hospital at City Point. They were sent by quartermaster transports
on the 15th. Skirmishing continued on the 16th and 17th. On the 18th, the enemy attacked, particularly along the line of the
Tenth Corps. One division of the Second Corps was transferred after this across the James, and proceeded to occupy the
works just abandoned by the Fifth Corps, then massing for the movement on the Weldon railroad. The field hospitals of this
division were placed near the Deserted house. The other division of the Second Corps left the north side on August 20th, and
proceeded to the Weldon railroad, where the Fifth Corps was engaged. Military considerations made it proper to take only
ten ambulances to each division, the residue of the Second Corps medical train went into park in the vicinity of the Burchard
house. There were; received at the field hospitals, from the affair on the north side, five hundred and forty-two wounded. Of
these, thirty-five were officers. Twenty-three deaths occurred in the field hospital, the residue were sent to City Point. On the
19th, one division of the Ninth Corps was sent to join the Fifth Corps, near the six mile station, on the Weldon railroad, where
an attack of the enemy had been received at noon the day before. The field hospitals of the Fifth and Ninth Corps were
relieved of their inmates by the ambulances of the Sixth Corps, the patients being carried to City Point; and the train,
increased to one hundred and ten vehicles, was afterwards used exclusively by the Fifth Corps, which needed it to remove
the wounded from the front. As soon as it was safe to do so, the hospitals of the Fifth Corps were advanced towards the
Williams house. Those of the Ninth Corps were brought up later. On the evening of the 19th, the enemy again attacked
the Fifth Corps, maintaining the struggle until after dark, when they were finally repulsed.
August 21st, the Second Corps, taking ten ambulances to a division, advanced from Deep Bottom to the position on the
AVeldon railroad occupied by the Fifth Corps, and, facing southward, continued to destroy the road as they advanced until
the 25th, when, reaching Reams's Station, they encountered the enemy. On the 21st, the enemy attacked the Fifth Corps very
determinedly, but was repulsed with heavy loss, leaving one hundred and sixty of their wounded in our hands. The medical
service was here performed under great exposure, but it was unavoidable, the position being under a converging fire.
The labors of the ambulance corps were severe. Two sergeants were killed, six men were wounded, and nineteen captured.
Eight stretcher bearers were killed. Shells passed through two ambulances. The Second Corps occupied a position at
Reams's Station on the 25th, quite as exposed to simultaneous attack from several directions, and were more distant from
the permanent base and the field hospitals. Its wounded were temporarily received in Reams's church, where the hospital
staff of each division made their rendezvous. The field companions and the ambulances furnished the required dressings and
appliances. The cavalry division of General Gregg had with it a medicine wagon, which was very useful. The medical
director of the Second Corps sent back for one for his command, but it did not arrive; indeed, it only escaped capture by the
sergeant in charge prudently returning with it again to the park, observing that the enemy occupied the road. The church
was far from being a place of security; indeed, no such place was attainable. The line of defence described two-thirds of the
circumference of a circle with a radius so small that bullets fired on the left coursed over the enclosed area and struck down
men in position on the right.1 During the more vigorous assault at two o'clock i>. M., the ambulances, the wounded, medical
officers and attendants retired about a hundred yards to a shallow ravine affording partial shelter. The ambulances, once filled,
were sent at some risk via the Geary church road to the Williams house, and empty vehicles were sent for. The fresh
trains reached the corps safely, prior to the final assault made by the enemy at five o'clock P. M. This attack was so severe
from all sides that the portion of the railroad which had been destroyed and the position at that point were relinquished. The
ambulance officers succeeded in loading up with such of the wounded as could not retire, others were carried by stretcher-
men or aided by stragglers. None of the wounded behind the breastworks were left, but those on the advanced pickets could
not lie removed. Four medical officers, two hospital stewards and ten stretcher men were detailed to remain and care for them.
From subsequent information, it would appear that sixty six of our wounded were made prisoners, and that a hundred and
forty-six dead were buried on the field. Assistant Surgeon Jewett, 14th Connecticut, received a severe shell wound.
The train of wounded from Reams's Station proceeded to the Williams house, and. aided by ambulances of the Ninth
174 APPENDED DOCUMENTS AEMY OF THE POTOMAC, 1864.
Corps the wounded were sent to City Point, after receiving necessary surgical attention. The Second Corps subsequently
retired to positions near the Jerusalem plank-road. The Second Cavalry division, on the 23d, accompanied the Second Corps
on the ri^ht flank and in advance, while the railroad was being torn up towards Eeams's Station. On the Dinwiddie Court
house road, it met the enemy and suffered a loss of forty wounded, who were taken to Reams's church. After the necessary
operations and attention, they were sent in ambulances to City Point. Ten ambulances remained with the cavalry, as a reserve,
after sending the others off. The.Emmons house, near Reams's Station, was first taken for hospital purposes, but being declared
unsafe by General Hancock, it was vacated, and the property and personnel moved towards Reams's church. During the affair
at Reams's Station, the 2d division of cavalry was posted on the left of the Second Corps; Colonel Spear's brigade picketed on
the right. One Autenrieth medicine wagon was attached to the cavalry in addition to the ambulances as before stated. The
wounded of the cavalry division amounted to eighty-three.
The number of wounded brought to field hospital after this affair was as follows : Second Corps, officers, thirty-seven ;
enlisted men, three hundred and three; total, three hundred and forty; of whom, fourteen died. Fifth Corps, officers, fifty-
nine; enlisted men, seven hundred and fourteen; total, seven hundred and seventy-three; of whom, fifty-eight died. Ninth
Corps, officers, sixteen ; enlisted men, one hundred and forty-nine ; total, two hundred and sixty-five ; of whom, ten died.
Cavalry Corps, enlisted men, eighty-three, of whom, five died. Grand total, officers, one hundred and twelve ; enlisted men, one
thousand two hundred and forty-nine; total wounded, one thousand four hundred and sixty-one; total deaths, eighty-seven.
The position of the corps on the 29th was about as follows : the Fifth in advanced position on the extreme left, one
division beyond the Weldon railroad, with its flanks extended across the road; one division of the Ninth Corps connecting with
the right flank of the Fifth; two on left flank, in two lines of works; one division of the Second Corps extending the left flank
in rear, and one division of Second Corps extending the right flank in front, and massing across the Jerusalem plank-road.
The operations of the cavalry in August, on the north side, are thus described by Assistant Surgeon Geo. M. McGill,
U. S. A.: On the 15th, still moving on the right of the Second Corps, the pickets of the cavalry division were attacked while
the command halted, and nine men were wounded. These were carried back three miles to the division hospital near the river,
where the necessary operations were performed. On the 16th, these men, having received all necessary attentions, were
transferred to the hospital of the Second Corps to await transportation to City Point, which was hourly expected. Supported
by General Miles's brigade of the Second Corps, the 2d brigade of cavalry made a reconnoissance on the 16th towards
Richmond, advancing on the Charles City road as far as White's tavern, and losing so many wounded in the skirmish attending
this advance that it became necessary to bring up the five ambulances attached to the 1st brigade, thus using ten on the field.
At White's tavern, the brigade of infantry was advanced, was sharply engaged by a heavy force, and, finally, was driven back.
Our forces fell back, and all of the cavalry wounded were brought with them, many riding their horses. Such of the wounded
of the infantry as there was room for were also carried. The enemy attacked again before our forces crossed what is called
Deep Run, the stream from White Oak Swamp. In this attack, our cavalry was driven in some disorder, and ninety were
wounded. After the enemy was checked, the cavalry wounded were collected and speedily removed in ambulances, borrowed
from the Second Corps, to the hospital of the division near the Second Corps hospitals, which were situated in a pine \vood
near the James river. Such of the infantry wounded as had been collected were, at the same time, carried to the hospital of
the 2d division of the Second Corps. They numbered about one hundred. During the nights of the 16th and 17th, all the
wounded were thoroughly examined, carefully dressed and well fed. Primary operations were performed at the same time.
No injuries of a very remarkable character were observed. Among the operations were several resections, and one Pirogoffs
amputation. In the latter case, ten days subsequently, a secondary operation was found necessary.
It is proper to mention more in detail the operations of the Fifth and Ninth Corps, more especially those of the Fifth,
which were peculiar, as the corps occupied a position which the enemy could not give up without detriment to their line of
supply, arid so far out on the flank that it was improper to advance much hospital property to any convenient point until it
should be determined that the corps could maintain its ground against all odds. The area was so limited and so much exposed
to fire that Surgeon J. J. Milhau, U. S. A., the medical director, had to adopt a plan similar to that employed by the cavalry.
On the 18th, the Ninth Corps had not arrived to support the Fifth. The enemy, at one time, swung in on the right of the
Fifth Corps, turned a part of their line, and took a number of prisoners, whom they carried off on their return to their own
lines. At the earliest moment proper, the Fifth Corps field hospital was advanced to the Williams house. In the absence of the
corps director's report, I have recourse to a memoir of that period prepared and submitted to me by Assistant Surgeon George
M. McGill, U. S. A. The Fifth Corps reached the Weldon railroad at eleven o'clock A. M., August 18th, four hours before
the rain of that day. The enemy attacked at noon. The hospital train had arrived, and temporary depots were organized,
the patients being placed under tent flies. Orders were sent to re-establish the field division hospitals on the Prince George
Court-house road. A train of wounded was sent back from the front at eleven o'clock p. M. Operators were sent back to
these hospitals, as it was found impossible to render the necessary attentions to the wounded at the temporary depots without
inconvenience, injury and unwarrantable risk to the wounded. The rain had made the locality of the depots a swamp; shelter
was insufficient; they were situated on a flat swept by the missiles of the enemy. The available ambulances were used for the
train. At eleven o'clock i>. M., four hundred were sent in, and one hundred remained. The casualties had been chiefly in the
2d division, but the surgeons of the other divisions assisted those of the second. It rained all night. Two ambulances were
next morning abandoned in the deep mud. The low grounds being barely passable for horses, a new and shorter road, via the
Aiken house, Jerusalem plank-road and Williams house, was made on the morning of the 19th. This new route became soon
as bad as the old, and proved a severe trial of ambulance discipline and perseverance. On the 19th, I ordered the Sixth Corps
ambulances, then assisting to clear the Ninth Corps hospitals, to report to Inspector Winne, of the Fifth Corps, to remove the
wounded to City Point, where they were sent, having previously received all proper attention. The ambulance service on this
occasion was very severe. Pioneer parties preceded the trains, but the labor became sucli that, to avoid utter exhaustion of men
and animals, it became necessary to make a detour towards the front, which was attended by considerable risk. The transfer
of hospitals and patients from the position on the Prince George Court-house road was, however, successfully effected. On the
Plate XI.op.p.174
>s/ '.' '\v\v\-: >
>l ->'
MAP
OF
PETERSBURCaVICINITY
».'-?:lt>-i",'-"ii:.i-?.;^
6 •-'«•. '.6. .«,*.' 1 • • •
*...'. v - . « /,-»'' Lj -
h Ba.se ITcsprtai of the Army 01 ui'1- Potomac
Reduced from Map of the Kr!gj:-ieer .Bureau
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR McPARLIN. 175
afternoon of tlie 19th, the enemy again assaulted the 2d and 4th divisions, losing heavily, and night set in before the attack was
repulsed, which increased the difficulty of collecting the wounded. The darkness was extreme, and heavy showers of rain
continued to fall. A train which left at nine o'clock P. M. was all night on the road. On the 20th, five hours were consumed
in getting an ambulance train from the Weldon position to the Williams house. On that morning, however, all the wounded
were lodged in the hospitals, and the field depots emptied.
During the 19th and 20th, the Ninth Corps was posted in support of the Fifth, its centre opposite the Aiken house, and
one brigade of cavalry was placed on the left of the Fifth Corps on the evening of the 19th. It had five ambulances, and they
sufficed. The primary hospital depots of the Ninth Corps were established, with canvas shelter for seventy to each division at
the following points: Those of the 1st and 3d divisions, at Gurley's ; that of the 2d, at Smith's; and, finally, on the 21st, that
of the 4th, at the Williams house. The wounded at the Gurley house, including the rebels wounded on the 19th were well
lodged. The 2d division primary hospital was distant, approached by a narrow road, and open to attack by the enemy's
cavalry. The operators accompanied the primary hospitals. The more elaborate hospitals near army headquarters, with their
wells, ice-houses, convenient kitchens, policed grounds, raised bunks, latrines and fenced areas, were not abandoned until it
was evident that the corps was to occupy the new ground permanently. Surgeon Otto Schenck, 46th New York who was
wounded August 20th, died on the 23d.
On the morning of the 21st, the Fifth Corps sustained a very heavy attack while the Second Corps was making its
movement in the direction of Reams's Station; but, being protected by breastworks, the loss was only about one hundred and
fifty wounded. The ambulance and reserve trains on the immediate field were especially exposed. Several officers and men
were wounded, and some of the ambulances were perforated by shot and shell. This exposure was unavoidable. No further
attack was made upon the Fifth Corps, and it remained undisturbed in possession of the Weldon railroad, and strengthened
the position daily. The Ninth Corps was also stationary. The exposure to which the wounded had been subjected induced
the surgeon-in-chief of the Fifth Corps to construct medical redoubts, as they were termed, in the vicinity of each division.
A deep ditch was dug, and the earth being thrown up around a stockade of logs, furnished cover from horizontal missiles
while a rude roof protected the wounded from shells. A medicine wagon could be drawn up at the entrance of the work
convenient for use. After a time, ditches were dug to dry the low grounds occupied by the corps, and a very thorough system
of drainage was adopted. For a limited period, whiskey and quinine were issued to the command to obviate local malarial
influences.
The Second Corps had marched and countermarched so often and so rapidly, to arrive opportunely at opposite and
distant positions, that it acquired the soubriquet of "Hancock's cavalry." Men fell out of ranks on these marches, and many
were sent to City Point, unable to endure further active duty, who were not seriously sick. In no one camp, says its medical
director in his report for September, did the corps remain four days at a time. The 1st division was kept moving about for
military reasons, now in rear of one portion of the line, now supporting another, while the 2d division, on account of the cattle
raid 011 our rear, September 16th, was kept in a like state of activity in the neighborhood of Prince George court-house. This
continued until September 23d, when the 2d division relieved the Tenth Corps in their position in the works stretching west
from the Appomattox.
During September, the hospitals of the Second Corps were at the Burchard and Deserted houses. The prevailing
diseases were diarrhoea, dysentery and fevers of the intermittent and typhoid type. The average number on the daily sick
report was a little over five per cent. The railroad was continued, by the 14th day of September, from Cedar Level, Seven-miles
Station, on the 4Jity Point and Petersburg railroad, to Warren Station, the point on the Weldon railroad seized and held bv
the Fifth Corps.
About September 28th, preliminary steps were taken for a movement towards the South Side railroad. The sick in
field hospitals were sent to City Point. The cavalry made a reconnoissance to the left on the 20th, accompanied by a brigade
of infantry. September 3Uth, the troops advanced up the Squirrel Level road beyond Poplar Spring church, and position was
taken by General Warren at the Pegrarn house, three miles from Yellow tavern. The troops engaged were portions of the
Fifth and Ninth Corps and the 3d division of the Second Corps. The 3d division of the Second Corps held the left against
surprise on that flank, and had about seventy wounded. The Fifth Corps bore the brunt of the attack, and its position was
held, and has since been occupied by us, compelling the abandonment of the Squirrel Level road to a great extent, and the
employment of a more circuitous route by the enemy between Stony Creek and Petersburg. The wounded of the Fifth Corps
were soon attended to near Poplar Grove church, and those of the Ninth at Peeble's house. They were afterwards sent to City
Point. Rain continued on October 1st and 2d, with cold weather, exercising an unfavorable influence upon the troops and the
roads. The engagement not being general, the Second Corps advance hospital was not brought nearer than its park at Yellow
tavern, the ambulances affording adequate supplies for the seventy wounded. At this time, our works before Petersburg were
occupied by divisions extended so as to fill the place left vacant by troops sent to the left. The movement was complete by the
6th of October, when quiet was established, with the exception of artillery duels, sharpshooting and skirmishes of pickets at
different points, until October 2(!th, when affairs were put in readiness for the movement to Hatcher's Run. The Fifth Corps
division hospitals were established at Aiken house and Parke Station, October 1st, and the Ninth Corps hospitals were also
placed there on the 9th of October.
On the night of October 24th, the 2d and 3d divisions of the Second Corps were withdrawn from their position in front
and massed for movement, and, on the 26th, the Ninth Corps was prepared also. The sick of all the corps were sent to City
Point on that day. The movement was commenced on the 27th, the Ninth Corps, passing along the Squirrel Level road beyond
Fort Cummings, formed in line of battle two miles and a half in advance, its left being near the Clements house. The hospitals
of this corps established at Peeble's were sufficiently accessible, in excellent condition, and did not require to be moved. The
Fifth Corps advanced on the left of the Ninth, and soon engaged the enemy's pickets. The transportation allowed was half
the ambulances, one medicine wagon and one army wagon to each brigade, which proved adequate to the small number
of wounded in the Fifth and Ninth Corps. The ambulances of the Ninth Corps advanced to the vicinity of an abandoned rebel
176 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, 1864.
fort and promptly carried back to the field hospital all the wounded, some seventy-five in number. The Fifth Corps had
half its ambulances at the front. Its field hospital, material and medical officers were brought up to Fort Cummings, and a
primary hospital formed near the Smith house, where surgical attention was given to the wounded. On the 26th, the 2d
division of the Second Corps also moved, with the medical transportation allowed, to Fort Dtichesne, whence all but fifteen
ambulances to each division were sent back to the Gurley house to await orders from the front. This arrangement was made
by the commander at night in reference to all the transportation, that it might not interfere with the rapid advance of the
troops over a country which was new to them and difficult to penetrate. The ambulances and wagons in excess of the allowance
for the movement had already been ^ent back for security to City Point, in view of the possibility of the enemy penetrating
some portion of the lines left with comparatively limited protection. The medical property of the division hospitals of the
Second Corps was thus at three points, viz. : At City Point, at the Gurley house, and forty-six ambulances with advancing
troops. The 2d division, which had advanced on the Halifax road before dawn on the 2?th of October, met the enemy
at the crossing of Hatcher's Run, and drove them from their earthworks. Application was made to send the wounded,
eio-htv in number, to the Gurley house rendezvous, with or without an escort, in the ambulances which were then to return, but
this was overruled by the corps commander, the road having become infested by the enemy's cavalry. They were, therefore,
carried with the troops along the Boydtown road, where Hill's Corps and Hampton's cavalry attacked the 2d division and
Gregg's cavalry. Several attacks were made by the enemy after four o'clock i>. M., the casualties resulting being over four
hundred in the infantry and about one hundred in the cavalry. The primary rendezvous for the wounded was first made at
Rainey's house, on the Boydtown road, but as it soon came within musket range of the advancing enemy, and seemed likely to
be captured, the wounded were removed. Three medical officers, Surgeon F. A. Dudley, 14th Connecticut, Assistant Surgeon W.
T. Hicks, 7th Virginia, and Assistant Surgeon W. J. Darby, 59th New York, volunteered to remain and receive the wounded
who might continue to be brought there under the instructions previously given to the stretcher-bearers. The ambulances were
loaded and moved to a grove of pines on the east of the open space, where the exposure was materially less. The assault
ceased at dark, and, after some hours, it was ascertained that the struggle would not be renewed. Preparations were then
made to withdraw. The ambulances were loaded to their utmost capacity, and, escorted by a regiment of infantry, proceeded
to the field hospital park near Gurley's, where preparations had been made for sending tiie wounded to City Point as soon as
they received the necessary surgical attention. Surgeon T. R. Spencer, U. S. V., was sent by me to Warren Station to
superintend their reception and transportation by railroad to City Point.
Medical Director McNulty reports that, for want of ambulances, the wounded collected at the Rainey house had to be
left, and fell into the hands of the enemy. The medical officers who, during the afternoon, had gallantly volunteered to remain
with them were authorized by him to do so. The number of wounded left at the house and on the field was estimated at two
hundred and fifty. As no communication has since been received from these officers, they are supposed to be in the hands of the
enemy. The Second Corps withdrew slowly after ten o'clock i>. M., and bivouacked near Dabney's mills, resuming the march
next day. It rained very hard during the night. The wounded reached Gurley's early in the morning, and by night, on the
29th, were in hospital at City Point. The hospital park at Gurley's was broken up, the property brought up from City Point,
and the regular field hospitals re-established in their former sites behind the works south of Petersburg. During the movement
to Hatcher's Run, part of General Miles's division of the Second Corps made a demonstration upon the rebel position in front
of Petersburg.
Surgeon T. R. Spencer reports that, at Yellow tavern, October 28th, one hundred wounded were sent early in the
morning, and, afterwards, the following were sent thence by railroad to City Point: From the Ninth Corps, wfciite, fifty-seven,
colored, fifty-three, of whom thirty were sick; Fifth Corps, forty-eight; 2d and 3d divisions of Second Corps, eighty-two.
About twenty-five wounded officers were sent to City Point. The depot hospital at City Point reports the reception of six
hundred and thirty-nine wounded men and forty sick and wounded officers on the morning report of the 29th. No further
incidents of interest occurred in October.
In November, no movement of the army occurred. The aggregate number of wounded admitted to the field hospitals
during the month was two hundred and ninety-three. They were sent in due time to the depot hospital at City Point, Virginia.
Investigation into the cause of sickness in certain regiments of the Ninth Corps, the 179th and 186th New York and the 31st
Maine, in which typho-malarial fever was reported, developed the fact that the men '"burrowed" to some extent. Their camps
were on low ground, near a swamp, and the issues of vegetables had been neglected. In order to secure vegetables in that
corps, two pounds of coft'ee in each one hundred rations were dropped, and, in lieu, sixty pounds of potatoes and seventeen
pounds of onions were furnished.
Fine bath houses existed in all the hospitals and in many of the regiments. Among those especially mentioned by the
medical inspector for excellence were the ones established by the 35th Massachusetts, the 3d Maryland, the 9th New Hampshire
and the 1st, 2d and 8th Michigan. The troops in reserve adopted, as winter approached, a nearly uniform system of huts. In
the forts, shelter tents and bomb-proofs were used, and covered ways connected the forts at points exposed to sharpshooters.
The bomb-proofs consisted of long trenches roofed over and covered in, on the aspect facing the enemy, by means of
heavy logs, protected by a thickness of two or three feet of earth anil sand bags. Generally no attempt was made to make
them impenetrable to rain. Two or three fire places were built in each bomb proof along the open rear-ward side, and sleeping
bunks were constructed. The huts were generally six feet by ten and not less than five feet and a half to the eaves, roofed by
shelter tents, and intended for four men; but, as one or more were absent on detached duty at a time, a smaller number usually
occupied them at night. The field division hospitals were well supplied with funds, but no adequate facilities existed for making
purchases. The medical inspector of the Second Corps reports the hospital fund as follows: First division field hospital, on
hand. November 3()th, two thousand and seventy-five dollars and seventy-seven cents ; expended during November, seven hundred
and seventy-six dollars and eighty-five cents ; 2d division field hospital, on hand, November 30th, one thousand eight hundred and
five dollars and eighty-five cents ; expended during November, two hundred and two dollars and sixty-one cents; 3d division field
hospital, on hand, November 30th, one thousand two hundred and eighty-two dollars and forty-two cents; artillery brigade field
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR McPARLTN. 177
hospital, on hand, November 30th, sixty-four dollars and fourteen cents. The hospital fund of the other corps and at City Point
depot hospital amounted to some thousands of dollars. The capacity of the depot hospital at City Point, this month, was six
thousand four hundred and nineteen hods. Five hundred barrels of apples, received from the patriotic merchants of New York, as
per letter of Charles A. Righter, Esq., dated November 24th, were distributed to the hospitals. In December. I expended nearly
two thousand dollars, from funds in my hands, in purchase of turkeys, celery and cranberry sauce, which were distributed and
served throughout the army hospitals on Christmas day. The colored division of the Ninth Corps having left tins army late
in November, the hospital for such troops was broken up. The divisions of the Sixth Corps returned to the army of the
Potomac, at different dates early in December, from duty in the Shenandoah valley. They were promptly supplied with medical,
hospital and ambulance property, as their supplies could not be brought with them December 7th, an expedition moved
against the Weldon railroad to the southward. It was composed of the Fifth Corps, four batteries, three divisions of the
Second Corps, and General Gregg's cavalry, and one battery with the bridge equipage of canvas boats. Men unable to
march were sent to the field hospitals, and a flying hospital organized to accompany the command according to previous usage.
Medical Inspector C. K. Winne, of the Fifth Corps, and Assistant Surgeon E. J. Marsh, U. S. A., chief medical officer of the
cavalry, detail the operations of their respective commands in the accompanying reports.
The total number of wounded admitted to the field division hospitals of the army during December was three hundred
and ninety. To collect the sick and wounded from the front line immediately before Petersburg, picket stations for ambulances
had been designated. In some corps, almost one-third of the ambulances were sent out. Each ambulance, when used, returned
to its park from the division hospital and was relieved by another. After a short stay in division hospital, serious cases were
sent by railroad to depot hospital at City Point, and thence, if no improvement was noticed in them, they were transferred to
the general hospitals north. For this service, the transports of the Surgeon General were exclusively used, except when great
emergencies made it proper to send more rapidly than the regular medical steamers permitted. General Ingalls, Chief
Quartermaster, in such cases promptly placed the quartermaster steamers at the disposal of this department. The steamers
conveying the sick and wounded from City Point were the following: Steamer State of Maine, Surgeon Janes in charge;
capacity, five hundred beds. Steamer Connecticut, Surgeon Hood in charge; capacity, four hundred beds. Steamer Western
Metropolis, Acting Assistant Surgeon W. M. Hudson, U. S. A., in charge; capacity, four hundred and fifty beds. Steamer De
Molay, Surgeon Seaverns in charge ; capacity three hundred beds. Steamer Baltic, Assistant Surgeon Thomas McMillen, U. S. A.,
in charge ; capacity, five hundred beds. Steamer Atlantic, Surgeon D. P. Smith, U. S. V., in charge ; capacity five hundred
beds. The two last ocean steamers came only to Fortress Monroe, where patients were sent for transfer to them. Steamers of
more convenient draught and entirely sea worthy, such as the Ben De Ford and S. N. Spaulding, were sent to City Point, after
their superiority became evident. Patients were sent direct from City Point to Washington, Point Lookout, Annapolis,
Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York.
In the depot hospital at City Point, preparations were made for the winter by the erection of stockade buildings with
open fire-places. Many fine wards were thus added. The tents which were kept in use were supplied with frames and
heated. In order to preserve them, many tents were taken down and stored. At the same time, the division hospitals at the
front were made ready for winter. The ambulance corps put up very comfortable stockades and stables for the men and
animals at points convenient to their division hospitals. It is proper to remark that, since August last, the duties of nurses,
attendants, cooks and orderlies at the depot hospitals have been, to a great extent, performed by detailed musicians, the services
of able-bodied men being required with their regiments. An efficient officer of the line was detailed by each corps commander
for the general charge of the musicians of his corps, and, on requisition of the chief medical officer, the detail for hospital guard
was furnished by corps commanders. The inmates of the depot hospital were not detached from their commands, and no
descriptive lists were made out for them. Difficulties and delays having been experienced, in some cases, in obtaining clothing
for patients, orders were issued, in November, from army headquarters, instituting a system whereby clothing required was to
be issued by the line officer in charge of the detailed men in each corps hospital, who transferred the receipt rolls to the
regimental quartermaster of the regiment to which the man signing the receipt rolls belonged, taking his receipt for them
in the usual form, which receipt was to be his voucher for the clothing issued. The regimental quartermaster transferred
the rolls to the proper company commander, taking his receipt in the same manner. By thus obviating the necessity of
descriptive lists being furnished, a great deal of labor and time was saved in administration, and the patients were cared for
in a manner not elsewhere possible, except in an established general hospital. They were readily returned to their commands
when convalescent, as these \vere in the vicinity of the hospitals. Subsequently to the period embraced in this report, orders
from the Lieutenant General Commanding required paymasters paying troops to go to the depot hospitals, and there pay all
mustered men belonging to the regiments they had paid at the front. Whenever, at the front, it was desirable, in anticipation
of a movement, that the patients whose hasty removal would be injurious should be sent away, this could readily be done at
nighty using the railroad to City Point. It was thus easy to keep the hospitals clear at all times. The report of the chief
medical officer at City Point from May to October accompanies this. The records of no army furnish a. parallel establishment,
and I regret the more that time and the incompleteness of reports render it diiticult to represent fully its character and value.
The regimental reports of sick and wounded, which I have had consolidated so far as they have been received, enable
me to make the following approximate statements with regard to the sick and wounded of the army during the paht year.
By order of the Surgeon General, reports were also furnished me from the general hospitals north, in order that the disposition
of cases sent from the army might be ascertained. Certain sources of error are incident to the reports of an army in the field
during active operations. Wounded are known to have passed directly to the depot hospital without being registered in their
regiments, or entering the field hospitals, and sick and wounded of the Ninth and Eighteenth Corps received attention from
medical officers of the army of the Potomac, in regard to whom no reports have ever been forwarded by the corps medical directors
to this ofli'jc for consolidation. The following figures, however, are offered as a close approximate to the truth : I estimate the
total number of wounded attended to by this department during the year ending December HI, 18(54, at sixty thousand three
hundred. The annual report shows an aggregate of wounds and injuries (Class V) of only fifty-one thousand eight hundred
*>:'.
178 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, 18(54.
and seventy-seven. There is every reason, also, to believe that the number of sick reported, viz., one hundred and seventy-three
thousand and sixty-three, falls short of the actual number. Of the aggregate sick and wounded, the number who passed out
of the army to general hospital are reported at seventy thousand eight hundred and fifty- eight; but', including those not
reported and those of other corps attached temporarily to the army, should be eighty-thousand one hundred and eighty-one.
Of the total number of sick and wounded reported, the number returned to duty from field hospitals was one hundred and fifty
thousand and twenty-nine ; returned to duty from depot hospital, thirteen thousand six hundred and ninety ; from northern
general hospitals, twenty-two thousand seven hundred and eighty-six ; total returned to duty, one hundred and eighty-six
thousand live hundred and five. The number transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps in the field was five hundred and fifty-
six ; in general hospitals, three hundred and eleven; total, eight hundred and sixty-seven. The number discharged the
service in the field was one thousand and fifty-three ; in depot field hospital, ten ; in general hospitals, three thousand and
eighty-two; total, four thousand one hundred and forty-five. The number of patients who deserted from field hospitals was
one hundred and ten ; from depot hospital, one hundred and twenty-seven ; from general hospitals, one thousand and seventy-
four ; total, one thousand three hundred and eleven. Died, in the field, two thousand five hundred and eighty-nine ; in depot
hospital, one thousand three hundred and forty-seven ; in northern general hospitals, six thousand seven hundred and
forty-three; total, ten thousand six hundred and seventy-nine. Furloughed, in the field, five hundred and thirty-seven; in
depot hospital, seven hundred and sixty-one; total, one thousand two hundred and ninety-eight. There remained on sick
sick report, in the field, December 31, 18(54, two thousand five hundred and sixty ; in depot hospital, two thousand eight
hundred and ninety-five; in northern hospitals, seventeen thousand eight hundred and sixteen.
These reports also show that seventy-four per centum of the number of cases belong to zymotic diseases and wounds, viz. :
Miasmatic fevers and diarrhoea, iJfty-one per centum, chiefly in June, July, August, September, October and November ; gunshot
wounds, twenty-three per centum, chiefly in May, June, July and August. So large a proportion of cases being directly
attributable to the climate and to the active and prolonged campaign, it is only just to remark that the conservation of the
health and strength of the army has been accomplished to an extent that reflects credit upon its officers, and is duly appreciated
by the men. Assistant Surgeon J. B. Brinton, U. S. A., medical purveyor, has kept the army well supplied with medical
stores. The steamer Planter and several barges are in use for that purpose at the medical department landing near City Point.
Articles of hospital comfort and luxury, purchased from the proceeds of a tax on newspapers, have been dispensed by the
purveyor gratuitously. The amount of this fund received since last report (see page 167) has been one thousand four hundred
and ninety-nine dollars and twenty cents ; amount expended, two hundred and sixty-one dollars and seventy-five cents ; balance
on hand, December 31, 1864, nine thousand and twenty-five dollars and thirty-nine cents ; total amount received during the
year 1864, twenty thousand nine hundred and twenty-seven dollars and forty-five cents ; total amount expended during the year,
eleven thousand nine hundred and two dollars and six cents. The abstracts of hospital fund, as far as received at this office,
indicate in the hospitals at the front a hospital fund remaining at the end of the year of six thousand three hundred and ninety-
two dollars and forty-one cents, and at the depot field hospital at City Point, the reports from which are also incomplete, of
five thousand two hundred and twenty-eight dollars and sixty-four cents.
The strength of the medical department for the period embraced in this report has been as follows : Medical officers,
August, five hundred and seventy-seven; September, four hundred and ninety-four; October, four hundred and seventy-seven;
November, four hundred and sixty-six; December, five hundred and nine. Hospital stewards (not regimental), August, forty-
four; September, thirty-one; October, thirty-five; November, forty-one; December, thirty-nine. Ambulance corps, Officers,
August, thirty-nine; September, thirty-three; October, thirty-nine; November, thirty-nine; December, thirty-eight. Men,
August, one thousand five hundred and thirty-seven; September, one thousand four hundred; October, one thousand five
hundred and six; November, one thousand five hundred and thirty-nine; December, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-
seven.
Assistant Surgeon J. S. Billings and George M. McGill, U. S. A., have lately been detached from this army for duty
elsewhere. They have been on special duty at these headquarters, and I desire to express to the Commanding General
my high sense of the valuable services rendered by them to ine and the department.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
THOS. A. McPARLIN,
Medical Director Army of the Potomac.
To the SURGKON GUNKUAL OF THE AlIMY.
CXLIV. Extract from, a Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Cavalry
during Kilpatrictfs Raid. By Surgeon CHARLES E. HACKLKY, U. S. Volunteers.
" General Kilpatrick's command, consisting of seven hundred men from the 1st division of Cavalry, four hundred
from the 2d division, and about two thousand four hundred from the 3d, started from Stevensburg, February 28, 1864, at
seven o'clock P. M., and crossed the Rapidan at Ely's Ford, where a picket post, consisting of a captain, lieutenant and twelve
men, were captured by Colonel Dahlgren, who led the advance. Continuing our march via Chancellorsville, Spottsylvania Court
house, Mount Pleasant and New Market, we reached Beaver Dam Station at three P. M., February 29th. Near Beaver Dam, we
were opposed by a small force of rebels, who were quickly driven off without loss on our part. The command halted for some
hours about seven miles from Beaver Dam Station. We started early on the morning of the 1st of March, and reached the
outer earthworks of Richmond, on the Brook pike, about ten o'clock A. M. About noon, a demonstration was made towards the
city, during which two men were wounded. They were brought off when we retired. It has since been reported that some
others were shot near the inner fortifications, but I do not know of any being left behind. It being found impossible to enter
the city at that point, and night coming on, the command was withdrawn. About eleven o'clock P. M., our camp was shelled,
and, simultaneously, an attack was made on us by dismounted cavalry armed with carbines. A number of our men were
KEPOKTS OF SURGEONS HACKLEY AND McGTLL. 179
wounded, and, as the command was obliged to withdraw, we were unable to bring off any of them who were too badly injured
to ride. We now inarched towards White House, passed New Kent Court-house and Williamsburg, and arrived at Yorktown on
the morning of the 4th of -March. On the morning of the 2d, after leaving the vicinity of Richmond, we had some skirmishing
with the enemy's cavalry, and two men of the 1st Maine Cavalry were shot through the thigh ; there were, also, some slight
sabre wounds. Six ambulances accompanied the expedition. Two of them went with Colonel Dahlgren, who, with a party
of five hundred men, went by way of Frederick's Hall Station to the James river, thence, failing to cross the river, down to
Richmond. These ambulances were captured, together with Assistant Surgeon S. T. Kingston, 2d New York Cavalry, who
accompanied them. Colonel Dahlgren, Lieutenant Colonel Cooke, of the 2d New York Cavalry, and a party of about eighty
men were separated from the main body during the night of March 1st. The main body of the detachment joined General
Kilpatrick, March 2d, about noon. They report having lost a number of men killed and wounded in front of Richmond during
the evening of the 1st of March; also, some were wounded, in trying to join General Kilpatrick, on the morning of the 2d.
Their wounded were all left behind. Colonel Dahlgren, with his party, crossed the Pamimkey and Mattapony rivers, and
attempted to reach Gloucester Court-house ; but the citizens of King and Queen county, together with soldiers at home on
furlough, turned out in large numbers, and ambushed the party, killing its gallant leader and dispersing and capturing most of
his followers. We brought to Yorktowii nine seriously wounded and some sick in the ambulances. Among the wounded, one
required amputation at the shoulder joint.
Owing to the rapidity of the mai'ch, it was impossible to expect much from the medical department; but, so far as I can
learn, very great attention was paid, by the surgeons of the different regiments, to those of our wounded who could be found,
and to the tired-out soldiers of the command. Our wounded and those who, it was supposed, would be seriously sick, were sent
from Yorktown to general hospital at Fortress Monroe. The number sent was thirty-four. I might remark that, so far as I
can learn, a large number of the wounded and missing were among men straggling from the command, either on account of
fatigue or loss of horses. Two nights and a day, during our march, were quite rainy and cold, but there was not, apparently, as
much suffering from this account as I expected there would have been. A number of cases of painfully swelled feet came under
my observation. These were partly attributable to the boots not having been removed and the spur straps being tight, and partly,
doubtless, to the McClellan saddles interfering with the circulation in the legs. Haemorrhoids, also, were frequently complained
of. It is very probable that the blanket projecting between the bars of the saddle, and heating the anus, produced this painful
trouble, and the circumstance that the opening in the saddle leaves the perina^um without support may also have some causative
effect. If all army saddles were furnished with the pad on the seat frequently used by officers, it would, in my opinion, be
much more pleasant and healthy for the men."
CXLV. Extract' from a Report on the .Expedition of the Cavalry Corps during J^fciy^ 1804.
By Assistant Surgeon GEOKGE M. McGiLL, U. S. Army.
" On the 9th day of May, Surgeon Pease being too sick for mounted duty, I was made acting medical director by
Major General Sheridan. The corps was, at that time, upon the march, and numbered about nine thousand mounted men. Theiv
was one ambulance at the headquarters of the corps, and the batteries of artillery had each an ambulance, in which, however,
the mess things of the artillery officers and their bedding were carried ; the ambulance boxes contained the usual supply of beef
stock, etc. Thirty-one ammunition wagons were with the command, all heavily laden, but not the less adapted to ambulance
service, for, as was afterwards shown, an engagement used up ammunition enough to make it possible to carry such of the
wounded men as were cases to bring along, and yet unable to ride their horses. Each medical officer had a field companion,
and each regiment was provided with the field register. During the five days in which we had no communication; the
medicines and dressings on hand were used up, but a supply of dressings were obtained by a foraging party. The wounded
were abundantly fed by foraging. As the corps headquarters was the most stable position in the command, it was ordered that
all the wounded who were able to ride their horses should be sent thither. Acting Assistant Surgeon Rogers was placed in
charge of these men, and Acting Assistant Surgeon McGuigan ordered to report to him. After a capture of three rebel wagonh
and three ambulances, made upon the night of the 9th of May. a corps ambulance train was organized, and the same officer put
in charge. As the number of our wounded increased, the battery ambulances, with such spring wagons as could be appropriated
in the corps or taken from inhabitants of the country, were added to the train, which finally assumed formidable proportions,
and presented a remarkable appearance from the variety of vehicles embraced in it. The first engagement was on the telegraph
road approaching Childsburg ; an affair of the rear guard, in which, however, we lost heavily. Man}' of the wounded were
captured by the enemy, but nineteen were saved and transported in ammunition wagons. On the night of the 9th and morning
of the 10th, we had twenty men and officers wounded in skirmishing. During the afternoon of the llth, the battle of Yellow
tavern was fought, an engagement in which the whole corps was concerned. Our corps hospital was established half a mile iir
the rear of the centre ; it was under fire part of the time, but there was no situation within our lines that was not. It was
thoroughly organized with a surgeon in charge, operators, dressers and recorders. The night and day following this battle
were extremely trying for the wounded, as the corps moved during the night to near Meadow bridge, within the outer defences of
Richmond, and fought all the day. On the 12th, the corps was engaged on three sides. On the left, facing Richmond, the 3d
division was engaged with one of the rebel fortifications. On the right, the 2d division contended against a heavy torce of
infantry, while the 1st division built a bridge over the Chickahominy, and forced a passage in the face of the cavalry force
defeated by the corps the day before. The wounded from these points were sent to the corps train after being carefully dressed.
Most of the cases saved were brought off on horseback, as all our. ambulances were already overloaded. Our loss was com
paratively light, forty men in all lieing wounded in the 2cl and 3d divisions. On the afternoon and evening of the same day,
the corps fought at Mechaniesville. and, during the two days following, marched to Haxall's landing, which was reached
on the afternoon of the 14th. During these days, surgeons were detailed night and morning to dri>s and attend lo the
180 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC!, 1864.
wounded. As soon as Medical Director McCormick heard of our arrival, he sent a transport well fitted up for the wounded.
While lying at Haxall's, nearly three hundred men were sent to general hospital, two hundred and ten of whom were wounded.
Much needed medical supplies were here obtained for the corps. From Haxall's, we moved to White House, where fifty-seven
sick and wounded were sent to general hospital. On the 18th, while lying at Baltimore stores, an expedition was made by
Brigadier General Custar, who cut the Richmond and Fredericksburg railroad near Hanover Court-house. In this expedition,
two men were wounded, one of whom was lost. Crossing the Pamunkey river, the corps next marched to Dunkirk, on the
Mattapony, thence to our wagon train, near Milford Station. In all there were about three hundred and eighty men wounded
during the expedition, of whom about two hundred and eighty-five were secured."
CXLVI. Extract from a Report on the Operations of the Cavalry Corps of the Army of the
Potomac, from June 6 to July 1, 1864:. By Surgeon R. W. PEASE, U. S. Volunteers.
" On the evening of June 6th, I was directed to make preparations for a movement of the 1st and 2d divisions
of this corps, which would probably involve an absence of several weeks. Orders were given by. the Major General
commanding that but four ambulances to each division and two for headquarters should accompany the expedition.
Instructions were immediately issued to have one ambulance loaded for each division, and an army wagon was well filled with
supplies of all kinds, and taken with the headquarter train. The command marched on the morning of June 7th, crossing the
Pamunkey river at New Castle Ferry, and moved towards the Virginia Central railroad, intending to strike it near Trevilliau
Station. Our march was uninterrupted until the morning of the llth, when, about four miles east of Trevillian Station, we
came upon the enemy in force. The engagement continued with great fury until about four o'clock p. M., the rebels being
driven about five miles beyond the railroad. Our loss was about one hundred and sixty wounded. These, with about seventy
wounded rebels, were brought to our field hospital, and every possible attention given them. At eleven o'clock P. M., all but
thirty-six severely wounded were placed in army wagons and moved to the station. Those left were placed in charge
of Assistant Surgeon R. Rae, 1st New York Dragoons, with whom five hospital attendants and rations for five days were left,
with medical supplies in sufficient quantity for immediate wants. The greater part of the 12th was occupied in destroying the
railroad. At five o'clock P. M., the enemy was found about three miles west of the station in a strong position, entrenched and
fully prepared for an attack. A spirited engagement ensued, which continued until after dark. Our loss, in this attack,
amounted to about three hundred and sixty-six wounded. Our hospital was established at the station in a large and
commodious building. Orders were received at eleven o'clock P. M. to be ready to move our wounded by midnight. Thirty
army and twelve ammunition wagons were assigned for the purpose. All who could not be transported in these Avagons and
in our ten ambulances were placed in carriages and other vehicles, which we had impressed on our route. In addition to our
own wounded, we had about forty severely wounded rebels. All were brought along on our return except the rebels, the
thirty-six wounded left after the first day's fight, and ninety-four severely wounded on the 12th. The latter were left at
Trevillian Station in charge of Assistant Surgeon Stickler, 10th New York Cavalry, and Assistant Surgeon Powell, 1st New
York Cavalry. One hospital steward and seven attendants were left with them, with rations for three days and nearly
all the remainder of our medical supplies. Our train of wounded was at once fully organized, and six medical officers
detached to attend it. On the 19th, we reached King and Queen Court-house, and from thence sent the wounded to
Washington, via West Point. Seven of the wounded died before reaching Washington. On the morning of the 20th, we
resumed our march for White House, Virginia, being hastened by a message stating that that place had been attacked.
WTe made the march of twenty miles in four hours, but found the enemy had been repulsed. On the 21st, the corps moved
to Jones's bridge, skirmishing nearly all day. Thirty-seven were wounded. Five or six of the 1st Pennsylvania Cavalry
fell into the hands of the enemy ; two Avere wounded by bushwhackers; making a total loss of forty-five men. Orders were
received to send our sick and Avounded to Washington the next day. Forty wounded and eleven sick Avere sent accordingly.
On the 23d, during a skirmish near Jones's bridge, on the Chickahominy, AVB had four killed and nine wounded. Wre received
into our hospital ten of the 28th U. S. Colored Troops, wounded at the same time. On the 24th, the 2d division Avas attacked by
the rebel cavalry while on the St. Mary's church road, parallel to the Charles City Court-house road, on Avhich a train of eight
hundred Avagons, left at White House for this command to guard to the James river, Avas moving. The division Avas driven
back to Charles City Court-house, and lost about two hundred men. The severely Avounded fell into the hands of the enemy.
On the 26th, I received an order from General Sheridan to go with the Avounded and sick to Washington."
CXLVII. Extract from a Report on the Operations of the Ambulance Corps of the .Fifth Army
Corps (hiring the occupation of the Weldon Railroad, August 18 to 21, 1864. By
Ciiptain W. F. DRUM, Chief Ambulance Officer of the Fifth Corps.
"At four o'clock A. M., August 18, 1864, the Fifth Corps commenced its movement towards the Weldon
railroad, Avhich it Avas to occupy and hold. Eighty ambulances, being one-half of the whole number, and one medicine wagon
to each division, Avere ordered to accompany the command, forming in its rear. The remainder of the ambulance*, with the
heavy portion of the ambulance and hospital train, were left at the old ambulance park, near army headquarters, under charge
of a commissioned officer. Twenty-five hospital tent flies Avere carried in the ambulances, to be used as a shelter for the
wounded. The command readied the railroad about ten o'clock A. M., after driving in and capturing a fcAV of the enemy's
cavalry pickets, and immediately commenced destroying the track. The point occupied by the corps was about five miles
south of Petersburg, four north of Roams's Station, and six southwest from the A very house. The enemy soon commenced
making demonstrations from the direction of Petersburg, and, later in the day, made ail attack in force. On the march to this
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SURGEON THOMAS G. McKENZIE. 181
point, quite a number of men were so much affected by the heat as to be unfit for duty, and, before the action commenced, they
were sent to the rear in ambulances. Orders were at the same time given to re-establish the hospitals on the old ground, the
tents having been packed up on the night of the 17th, and for the remainder of the ambulances to come to the front. During
the action of the afternoon, a few ambulances at a time were taken to a convenient point as near the line of battle as possible.
To this point the wounded were carried on stretchers; they were then conveyed in ambulances a half or three-fourths of a
mile to the various depots established by the surgeons. As there was not a sufficient number of ambulances to convey all the
wounded, a few were left at the field depot, under tent flies, until the next morning, when they were also sent back. Owing
to the great distance back to the hospital and ambulance park, the ambulances sent back with the sick, and those ordered up,
did not reach the front until early on the morning of the 19th. Those sent with the wounded on the evening of the 18th also
returned during the morning. The medical director of the corps now ordered the hospitals to be moved up to a point on the
plank-road between the Jones house and the Williams house. At three o'clock P. M. on the 19th, the enemy made an attack in
strong force. The wounded of this day were carried on stretchers to the ambulances, as the day before. Our communication
with the hospitals not being safe for a time, the ambulances with the wounded were parked until it was ascertained that the road
was open, when they were sent back under charge of commissioned and non-commissioned officers. The wounded last brought
in were started for the hospitals by midnight. Having had much rain, the roads became almost impassable, even to ambulances,
so that it was with great difficulty that a train of wounded could be taken through. During the morning of the 20th, all the
ambulances returned to the front, and were in readiness for action. The day, however, passed quietly. New roads were
looked up to be used in case of necessity. On the morning of the 21st, the enemy again made a determined assault on our
lines, but was repulsed, leaving many wounded in our hands. The wounded were carried back as usual on stretchers, and
after having their wounds dressed, were placed in ambulance and sent to the hospitals. The ambulances were this dny under
a severe artillery fire. During the three days' fighting, the ambulances conveyed, from the field of battle to the hospitals of
the corps, seven hundred and seventy-three of our wounded, thirty of the Ninth Corps and one hundred and fifty-three of
the enemy, besides about three hundred sick sent to the hospital on tlie 18th and 19th. Owing to the condition of the roads
and the distance, it was considered impracticable to send any of the Fifth Corps ambulances to City Point, our sick and wounded
were therefore, by direction of the medical director of the army, taken from the Fifth Corps hospitals to City Point by the
ambulance train of the Sixth Corps. The large number of casualties which occurred among them is good evidence that
the men of the ambulance corps did their duty well under fire. Great credit is due the officers and men for the untiring
energy with which they worked day and night in the rain and mud in order to transport the wounded to the hospitals as rapidly
as possible. During the three days' engagement, two sergeants were killed, one sergeant and five stretcher-men wounded, and
nineteen stretcher-men missing, making the total number of casualties in the ambulance corps twenty-seven. Eight horses
were also killed, and shells passed through two of the ambulances."
CXLYIII. Extracts from the Report of the Acting Assistant Medical Purveyor of the Army
of the Potomac for May and June, 1864. By Assistant Surgeon THOMAS G. McKENZiE,
IT. S. Army.
» * * '• In accordance with Special Order No. 92, dated headquarters army of the Potomac, April 9, 1864, 1 proceeded
to Alexandria, Virginia, for the purpose of establishing a medical purveying depot at that place. Having obtained a suitable
building, No. 43 Union street, I remained on duty there, receiving and storing medical supplies, and awaiting further orders.
On the morning of May 8th, I received orders from the Acting Surgeon General to despatch at once to Rappahannock Station,
on the Orange and Alexandria railroad, a battle-field supply for three thousand wounded for seven days, including barrels for
ice water, tin cups, buckets, etc., etc., for the use of the wounded on the train expected from the front. The supplies were sent
forward immediately in charge of a responsible steward, two cars having been loaded for a number of days previous with a
battle-field supply. The supply arrived safely at its destination, where it remained until the morning of the 9th of May, and
was then ordered back to Alexandria. Immediately on its arrival, in accordance with instructions received in the meantime from
the Surgeon General's Office, the stores were unloaded and conveyed on board the steamers State of Maine and Connecticut,
then lying at the wharf. These stores were all placed under the charge of Surgeon John H. Brinton, U. S. V., who was
ordered to proceed to Fredericksburg with them. The steamers started early on the morning of the 10th of May for Belle
Plain. Assistant Surgeon George P. Jacquette, U. S. A., having been placed in charge of the medical supply steamers Hugh
Jenkins and Farmer, was also despatched to Belle Plain, where he arrived before any other vessel was in sight, and a day in
advance of the arrival of the wounded from Fredericksburg at that point. Communication was at once opened with Surgeon
E. B. Dalton, U. S. V., chief medical officer at Frederieksburg, by Assistant Surgeon Jacquette. Besides the supplies taken
down by Surgeon Brinton and Assistant Surgeon Jacquette, I was ordered, May llth, to proceed to Belle Plain with two barges
loaded with medical and hospital stores, and arriving early on the morning of the 1'Jth, I reported to Acting Medical Inspector
General Cuyler. On my arrival at Belle Plain, I found it impracticable for the steamers Hugh Jenkins and Farmer to lay
alongside the wharf, on account of the shallowness of the water. There was, at that time, but one wharf, at which not only all
the stores of the several departments were unloaded, but the troops arriving as re-enforcements had to be disembarked. To
add to the confusion, all the wounded were conveyed along this wharf to the transports, and hence it was an utter
impossibility to work expeditiously or effectually. Such being the case, it was thought best for the supply steamers to remain
out in the stream, sending supplies ashore on a lighter as they were needed. Accordingly one was obtained from the quarter
master, together with a gang of negroes. The two barges under my immediate charge were brought up as near the wharf as
possible, and such articles ;:s could he furnished from them, including hospital stores, bedding, clothing, etc. .etc.. were conveyed
across other barges, and loaded on the wagons as speedily as they came up. In this way. requisitions were oftentimes filled,
and arranged on the barge, occupied l>y Acting Medical Inspector General Cuyler as his headquarters, alongside the wharf
182 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, 18G4.
before the wagons were there to receive them. Moreover, a hospital tent was pitched on shore, in charge of a steward, and filled
from the steamers and barges with such supplies as were most likely to meet emergencies. ' Having remained at Belle
Plain until the morning of May 19th, I was ordered to turn over the remainder of my supplies to Assistant Surgeon Jacquette,
and report to the Acting Surgeon General at Washington City. I left Belle Plain, May 19th, and reported to the Acting
Sun 'eon General, May 20th. The same night, the steamer Planter was ordered to report to me, and I was instructed to load her
with all the supplies then in the warehouse at Alexandria. Two barges were also sent me to load such stores as could not be
transported by the steamer. In addition to the above, another barge was procured and loaded exclusively with portions of a
requisition made by Assistant Surgeon J. B. Brinton, IT. S. A., medical purveyor, army of the Potomac, May 27, 1864. An
extract from a letter accompanying this requisition, I here quote: 'It is also desirable that he procure a barge and load it with
three thousand iron bedsteads or wooden cots, three thousand mattresses, ten thousand sheets, seven thousand pillows, one
hundred brooms, four hundred rubber cushions with open centre, ten thousand pillow cases, five thousand suits of hospital
clothing, two thousand blankets, three thousand counterpanes, five hundred wooden buckets, twenty caldrons, twelve
cooking stoves with furniture complete, ten barrels of sulphate of iron for disinfectant purposes, two hundred pounds cocoa or
chocolate, two hundred pounds corn starch, one hundred dozen bottles portei', six hundred pounds oakum and one thousand
bed sacks. The above supply to be on a separate boat, and not to be used unless the emergency requires, which emergency
will be the establishing of hospitals.'
Having completed the loading of the steamer and barges, I was ordered, on the morning of May 26th, to proceed to
Port Royal, Rappahannock river, Virginia, where I arrived on the evening of the 23th, remained during the night, and left next
morning at daylight for White House, Virginia, Pamunkey river, in obedience to orders received from Acting Medical Inspector
General Cuyler. Arriving at White House, May 31st, I selected an eligible position, apart from the other departments, at a point
near the wagon road, made a bridge of my barges, and commenced operations. I had completed all my arrangements before any
requisitions were presented. From that period until June 14th, I remained at White House, where nearly two hundred requisitions
were filled. The amount issued was extremely large, but the supply on hand being ample, Assistant Surgeon Jacquette, U. S. A.,
having turned over to me the steamers Hugh Jenkins and Farmer, by order of the Acting Surgeon General, all the articles
required for were furnished, no deficiencies occurring except in the case of such articles as it had been impossible to obtain
from the purveyor at Washington, chiefly iron bedsteads or cots. * Besides the usual supplies, issues were also made of
extra articles purchased by the fund accruing from the tax on newspapers, and entrusted to the care of the medical director of
the army of the Potomac for the benefit of the sick and wounded. There have been received and issued the following articles
purchased from the above fund, viz. : seven hundred dozen cans of peaches, in two pound cans, three hundred dozen cans of
tomatoes, in two pound cans, two hundred bottles of assorted jellies, one hundred boxes of lemons, fifty boxes of oranges, forty
barrels of Boston crackers and six barrels of cucumber pickles. In addition to the above, thirty boxes of lemons and thirty of
oranges were sent by the department, on requisition made by Assistant Surgeon Brinton. Ice has also been furnished in consider
able quantities, not only supplying the immediate wants of the corps hospitals at the depot, but also sending it forward to the
division hospitals in the field. The department has also furnished, on requisition, such articles as condensed milk, tea, extract
of coffee, porter, wines of different kinds, brandy, etc. From time to time, as occasion required, telegraphic requisitions were
sent to Washington to the Acting Surgeon General, and the articles were immediately forwarded. On June 14th, I left White
House under orders to proceed to Jamestown island, on the James river, and there await further instructions. I arrived there
on the evening of the 15th of June, remained during that night, and, on the afternoon of the 16th, proceeded as far as North
Bend, at which point a pontoon bridge was laid, over which troops were passing. About midnight, I left this point for City
Point, where we arrived at early dawn, and, after considerable trouble, I succeeded in obtaining a position, aside from the other
departments, where I again constructed a bridge of my barges and commenced issuing. There being no further necessity for
the wagon train with supplies, which had followed the army since the commencement of the campaign, under the charge of
Assistant Surgeon Brinton, U. S. A., the wagons were unloaded, and their contents stored on the boats. Assistant Surgeon
Brinton then topk charge. A pontoon bridge having been constructed on the Appomattox river, in close proximity to the corps
hospitals, for the especial purpose of affording greater facilities for issuing, as, also, of being near the hospitals, we accordingly
moved up to that point." * *
CXL1X. Extracts from the Report of the Medical Director of the Second Corps for May,
June and July, 1861. By Surgeon A. X. DOUGHERTY, U. S. Volunteers.
"The opening of the campaign found the troops of the Second Corps in good health. They had enjoyed
comfortable winter quarters, in and around which hygienic rules had been carefully regarded. They had been well fed and
well clad. In my experience of more than three years constantly in the field, I do not remember seeing as neat camps and
wholesome huts as those of our corps, a favorable condition due, in good part, to the frequent and rigid inspections to which
they were subjected. Tlie diet of the men had been suitably varied by the introduction of soft bread, of potatoes and
other vegetables, of which there were, on an average, as many as three issues a week. Each regiment had its hospital tent,
and there were, besides, division hospitals, provided each with fifteen tents, in which the worst cases of sickness and wounds
were treated. The results of the treatment of the wounded after the fight at Morton's Ford abundantly prove the wisdom
of the decision which was arrived at, to leave them in our hands instead of promptly transporting them to Washington. The
tents were heated by open fire-places, furnished with chimneys of mud and split-wood, and the dietary of the hospital was
much improved by a judicious expenditure of the hospital and other funds. Trifling ailments, calculated to put men off duty
for a day or two, were treated in quarters. From the records in this office, it appears that, during the four months previous to
our breaking camp, the average sickness and death rates were as follows: Average strength present for duty, twenty thousand
seven hundred and thirty; average number on sick report daily, nine hundred and seventy-nine; ratio of sick constantly
present, per thousand men of im>an strength, forty-seven; ratio of deaths monthly, per thousand men of mean strength, two.
REPORT OF SURGEON A. N. DOUGH KRTY, T. 8 V. 183
With regard to the preparations made for the campaign, and the operations to the close of the first epoch, which includes
the passage of the Kapidan and the battles of the Wilderness, I quote as follows from a report for the month of May, by
Assistant Surgeon Charles Smart, U. S. A., medical inspector of the corps:
'As the campaign was daily expected to open, preparations were actively made to provide for its probable exigencies.
The brigade supplies, especially of stimulants, dressings and such articles as are essential after an engagement, were constantly
kept at their maximum ; of the latter, indeed, a double supply was ordered by the medical director to be drawn, and a reserve
supply was required for and obtained by each surgeon in charge of a division hospital, to be transported in an army wagon
turned over to him for that purpose. The ambulances were all supplied with beef stock and dressings. All the army wagons,
medicine wagons and ambulances requiring repairs had them effected as thoroughly as could be done in the field.'
A full supply of stretchers was obtained, but only one division succeeded in furnishing itself with the ambulance flags
and guidons required by a recent order. On account of a diminution in the amount of transportation allowed the medical
department, it was found necessary to turn in for storage a large quantity of regimental hospital property ; but this was
considered no disadvantage, since it had already been decided that, while the campaign lasted, these hospitals should be
superseded by an ambulance hospital for each division, which, when a fight was imminent, should be placed in rear of the
troops, and form the nucleus of the division field hospitals, as organized by Medical Director Letterman's circular of October,
1862. To the ambulance hospital, it was arranged that three medical officers should be permanently attached, who were
to do duty during a fight : a surgeon in charge, a recorder, and a provider of food and shelter for the wounded. The regimental
hospital property returned by medical officers was to be packed in certain wagons, which were to be marked as containing
such. Tents, tent files, beef stock, blankets, etc., were to be loaded in the wagons that remained after the disposal of regimental
property, and placed under the control of the surgeon in charge of the division hospital, with instructions, when not ordered
otherwise by the military authorities, to move always in rear of the ambulance train, and to form, in fact, part of it. This
arrangement was adopted, so that, in case of a fight, the wagons carrying food and shelter for the wounded might be at hand,
instead of being many miles in the rear, with the supply trains of the army, as had happened during previous campaigns.
Thus, when, on the evening of the 3d of May, marching orders were received, they found us as wrell prepared for the campaign
as we could expect to make ourselves.
We marched early on the morning of the 4f,h, and, crossing the Kapidan at Ely's Ford, moved through the Wilderness to
Chancellorsville and beyond it. On the afternoon of the 5th, the enemy having been found, while the troops were being formed
along the Brock road, a site was selected for the field hospitals, at which the army wagons containing the hospital property
were ordered to report. The order which regulated the details of the march permitted us to take along but a limited number
of our wagons. Having them, however, systematically packed, we were enabled to select those which contained the most
necessary articles. The position selected for the hospitals was a clearing in the woods, half a mile in rear of the line of battle,
on the Brock road, and three-quarters of a mile on the left of the Chancellorsville plank road. It was sheltered from musketry
by a rising ground There was free communication between this site and all parts of the front, but the road was somewhat
roundabout. A stream of cold and clear water ran through the grounds; the soil was dry, and the trees in the vicinity offered
shade, should the tents and flies be insufficient to cover the number of wounded. In no previous fight did the wounded of the
corps, on being carried to the rear, find the preparations made for their reception eo complete. The battle lasted more or less,
during the whole of the 5th, 6th and 7th days of May.
On the afternoon of the 7th, preparations were made for sending the wounded to Washington in army wagons and
ambulances. A plentiful supply of food was cooked, and attendants and medical officers detailed to accompany them.
As the army wagons had not yet reported, and as twilight was coming on, the ambulances were loaded with the worst
cases and sent oft', accompanied by all those who were able to make the journey to Rappahannock Station on foot. Presently
a number of wagons reported for wounded, but by no means sufficient to carry all, so that it was necessary to leave behind us
seven hundred and fifty patients, with medical officers, attendants and supplies. The surgeons left behind considered that,
with proper economy, the food left with them would be sufficient for five days, Knowing the event, it is to be wished that more
had been left with them, as some delay took place in sending supplies from Frederick sburg, and the wounded, it appears, were
placed upon very small rations before they arrived. Moreover, it is reported that, on the morning after the troops marched,
the wounded and stragglers belonging both to the enemy and our own forces came into the hospital from the woods, increasing
the number to be fed at the hospital to twelve hundred men. * *
The train of ambulances and army wagons proceeded on its way to Rappahannock Station, and had crossed the Kapidan
at Ely's Ford, when orders were received directing them to change their destination to Fredericksburg, which they eventually
reached. During the foregoing epoch, the losses of the corps, according to the regimental reports, were as follows : 1st
division, one hundred and seventeen killed and four hundred and ninety-four wounded, out of a mean strength of seven thousand
seven hundred and sixty-three; '2d division, one hundred and sixty-eight killed and one thousand and thirty-seven wounded,
out of a mean strength of five thousand nine hundred and sixty-eight; 3d division, three hundred and fifteen killed and one
thousand seven hundred and ninety-four wounded, out of a mean strength of nine thousand one hundred and sixty-two;
total, six hundred killed and three thousand three hundred and twenty-five wounded, out of a mean strength of twenty-two
thousand eight hundred and ninety-three. The reports of the field hospital show that three thousand four hundred were sent
thence to general hospital, the discrepancy being chiefly due to the absence of reports from some regiments.
On Sunday, the 8th of May, the corps marched along the Brock road as far as Todd's tavern, where, in the evening, one
of our brigades was engaged. On the evening of the previous day, an order had been issued requiring all wheeled vehicles
to keep out of the line of march. This was regarded as referring to ambulances, so that when the engagement upon the Hth took
place, three or four battery ambulances, only, were at the service of the wounded. At this juncture, the order requiring head
quarter ambulances and spring wagons to be turned over to the medical director was promulgated, and these did good service
during the course of the evening and night. The hospitals here were half a mile in rear of the tavern, on the mad leading to
Aldricli. On the Uth, in the afternoon, we advanced towards the left of the line, carrying with us, in army wagons, the
184 APPENDED DOCUMENTS AEMY OF THE POTOMAC, 1S04.
wounded of the previous day, one hundred and five in number, as no orders relative to their being sent to the rear had been
received. On the 10th, we crossed the Po, having a few men wounded in forcing the passage. These, along with those on
hand, were sent to the rear in wagons in the course of the f:>renoon. The 1st division of the corps had to be withdrawn to the
left bank of the river, leaving behind them on the field, according to the estimate of the surgeon-in-chief of that command, five
hundred wounded. * The medical director of the corps, during this engagement, received a shell wound, fortunately,
however, of such a character as to permit him to superintend the operations of his department. On account of the movement
of the troops towards the left, the hospitals of the corps had to be removed from the banks of the Po river to the open
ground near Alsop's mills, on the Piney Branch road. Over a thousand wounded were brought in during the afternoon, who,
that night and the following day, were operated upon, dressed and sent to Fredericksburg in army wagons and ambulances.
On the morning of the 12th, the corps made an assault upon the rebel works, and three hours after it began, nearly two
thousand wounded had been brought to the field hospitals. It was remarked, in the cases of those seriously wounded during
the action of this morning, that the shock was far more severe and of longer continuance than in those previously treated
during the campaign. This is to be referred to their march during the night in the mud and rain, and to the fact that the
assault commenced before the men had been allowed to have their morning coffee. On the following day orders were
promulgated requiring the wounded to be sent to Fredericksburg, as a move was anticipated. All the transportation we
could obtain sufficed only to enable us to send away one thousand seven hundred and forty, so that when orders to move came,
we had still in hospital two hundred men. These we were obliged to leave behind us on the 13th, with a sufficiency of food,
tents, medicines, dressings and attendants. As all operations had been performed," it was considered necessary to leave but
one medical officer with them. The same day the field hospitals of the corps Avere established on the bank of the Ny river,
near the Armstrong house.
It is here necessary to record a most shocking and lamentable occurrence, the circumstances attending which I reported
at the time. On the afternoon of the 14th, Dr. Harrington sent a messenger to the General, announcing that the enemy's
cavalry had appeared and were overrunning our hospitals. The General directed Major General Gibbon to send an infantry
force for protection, and I was ordered to accompany and pilot them. On arriving at the Fifth Corps hospital, the attendants
announced that the enemy had just left, and that they could scarcely be out of sight. Just then one of the attendants said, pointing
out a horse tied to a post, 'there is the horse of one of them who is now in the hospital.' I thought it my duty to report this
statement to the officers in charge, who sent a sergeant and several men to arrest the supposed rebel. As they came towards
the horse, a man advanced hastily to meet them from a neighboring hospital tent, and when within three or four yards, one of
the party suddenly raised his gun and fired. The man fell, crying out that he was a surgeon, and, in fact, he proved to be
Surgeon Thomas Jones of the 8th Pennsylvania Reserve. By this time it was near dark, and a uniform scarcely distinguish
able. I dismounted, ran to him and helped to cai-ry him to a tent, where I examined his wound, which had penetrated the chest,
wounding the lung. I did what I could, and left him in the hands of a colleague. I learned subsequently that he survived a
couple of days. *
Forty Confederate wounded were brought in from the Landron house and attended to, but early on the 15th, we were
in motion again, and left them behind in a barn belonging to Mr. Armstrong. Our hospital trains were camped near the road
leading from Spottsylvania to Fredericksburg, but no hospitals were formed, as, during the day, a train of forty ambulances
carried off the majority of our sick and wounded. Here the brigade supplies were filled up on requisitions made upon the
medical purveyor. On the afternoon of the 16th, the 2d division marched to the hospital near Alsop's mills, which we had
abandoned on the 13th. A train of ambulances and empty army wagons accompanied the troops, and all the wounded were
brought away together with the hospital property left with them. On passing the Armstrong house, the Confederate wounded
we had left in the barn were also picked up and carried along. On arriving at the hospital on the Spottsylvania road, all the
wounded were fed, dressed, and, before daylight next morning, were sent to Fredericksburg. About this time, re-enforcements
arrived for the corps, consisting of the Corcoran Legion and General Tyler's division of heavy artillery regiments. The medical
officers accompanying these troops brought with them no hospital property, medicines or medical transportation. These had to
be provided for them. The ambulance train of the 4th division was turned over to General Tyler's command, since that division,
now consolidated with the 3d, could be attended to by its ambulances and stretcher-men. Two medicine waginis were furnished
these brigades, with the necessary medical supplies. Lists of men for detail to the ambulance corps were made out; the
medical officers new to the field were instructed in the workings of the department on a march and during an engagement.
Nothing, in fact, was left undone that suggested itself to render the hospital staff of the new troops as complete as those of the
older organizations. Leaving the Spottsylvania road, we accompanied the command still further to the left, to the neighborhood
of the Anderson house, near the river Ny. While here, upon the evening of the 19th, an attack was made by the enemy upon
our right Hank. The division of heavy artillerymen, who chanced to be encamped in the neighborhood of the point assailed,
was unexpectedly called into action, and suffered severely in the successful stand it made. In order to give the new surgeons
a practical lesson in the manngement of field hospitals during an engagement, and, at the same time, fearing that their
inexperience in these matters might prove detrimental to the interest of their wounded, one of the old divisions established a
hospital beside them, and aided them very materially in treating the cases as they were brought in from the field. Before
noon, the next day, all cases demanding operative interference having been attended to, the wounded, to the number of seven
hundred and forty, were dispatched in army wagons and ambulances to Fredericksburg for further treatment. The number of
slight gunshot wounds about the hands, in this affray, was remarkably large. The majority of these, blackened by the exploded
gunpowder, were viewed as self-mutilations of an accidental or wilful origin. Perhaps, however, the carelessness of some
excited comrades may have produced some of them. Those of the wounded who were able to proceed to the rear without
assistance, partly from their being fresh troops, but chiefly owing to the obscurity of the night, straggled along the country,
became exhausted, and laid down in out-of-the-way places. The ambulance corps had great difficulty in tracking them and
bringing them to the hospital. We have guidons to mark the way to hospital during the day, why not have a lantern of
colored glass, say green, to mark its site during the night, when tlags cannot be discerned? * * The following are the
EEPORT OF SURGEON A. N. DOUGHERTY, IT. S. V. 185
casualties reported during the foregoing epoch, according to the regimental reports: 1st division, four hundred and seven
killed and two thousand one hundred and sixty-four wounded, out of a mean strength of eleven thousand seven hundred and
thirty-three men; 2(1 division, one hundred and fifty-nine killed and nine hundred and forty-eight wounded, out of a mean
strength of six thousand and twenty-eight; 3d division, two hundred and eleven killed and one thousand two hundred and
ninety-three wounded, out of a mean strength of seven thousand six hundred and seven; total, seven hundred and seventv-
seven killed and four thousand four hundred and five wounded, out of a mean strength of twenty-five thousand three hundred
and sixty-eight men. The number sent from the field hospital to the general hospital is reported as four thousand five hundred
and thirty wounded and forty-eight sick. ^
The corps now moved by way of Bowling Green to Milford Station, where the crossing of the Mattapony was effected.
The corps entrenched itself on the right bank. The hospitals were established on the same side, but near the bridge. We
moved from this position on the morning of the 23d, no fight having taken place in the meanwhile, and advanced toward the
North Anna river, leaving behind us, as Milford afforded good facilities for sheltering them, one hundred and fifty sick and
wounded men, with a medical officer, attendants and supplies, until empty wagons could be obtained to carry them to the
depot at Fredericksburg or Port Royal. On the 24th, in crossing the North Anna, and, subsequently, in holding our position
there, we met with some loss. Hospitals were established on the road leading from Carmel church to the river bridge, about
three-quarters of a mile from the former point. The wounded were attended to and speedily sent to Milford, where they
joined the detachment left there on the 23d, and with them proceeded to Port Royal. The hospitals advanced on the morning
of the 26th, following up the progress of the troops to a house on the left bank of the river, on the left of the bridge, where
they remained until early on the morning of the next day, when the move towards the Pamunkey was commenced. Before we
left this position, the wounded then on hand were placed in army wagons and sent to the rendezvous at Milford, where a train
was organized for Port Royal. During the foregoing epoch, two hundred and fifty-three sick and five hundred and
eighteen wounded were sent from the field hospital. After a fatiguing march, the corps crossed the Pamunkey river near
Hanover Town. During the march, ten ambulances followed in the rear of each division to pick up those who might fall out
of the column from exhaustion, the remainder accompanying the supply train. The troops entrenched themselves on the
heights, on the right bank of the river, and a fight being considered probable, the hospitals were established immediately behind
them, and ambulance roads were cut through the woods to different parts of the front. While here, the 4th division, which had
but lately joined this command, was broken up, and the troops that composed it were distributed among the other divisions.
The hospital property which had been assigned to it was returned to the medical officers from whom it had been taken to
supply the new troops. During the same period, full requisitions were filled by the purveyor.
On the morning of May 30th, the troops formed in line of battle across the Richmond road, in advance of the point
where it was crossed by that leading from Cool Arbor to Hanover Court-house. On the 31st, a train of over a hundred
ambulances was sent to Hanover Town, with instructions to transfer the wounded to empty army wagons stationed there, with
which a train was organized to proceed under escort to White House. In the afternoon of the 1st of June, as the corps was
expected to move, all the ambulances, with the exception of ten to each division, were ordered back to the supply train,
carrying with them the few wounded and those cases of sickness judged unable to march. Medical officers and an abundance
of supplies wei-e sent with them. Next morning, we reached our destination, and the troops were placed in position on the
left and in advance of Cool Arbor tavern. A place was immediately selected for the hospitals at the Tyler house, but the
military authorities judged this to be unsafe. A place further to the right was therefore sought, and, in the course of the
afternoon, the tents were pitched near army headquarters, on the left of the road leading to the White House. Very early in
the morning of the 3d, an assault was made by the corps upon the enemy's works. The principal loss was sustained by the
1st and 2d divisions, the 3d suffering but slightly. Fighting continued until the afternoon was well advanced, when the
combat resolved itself into desultory picket firing. All the ambulances present were actively engaged during the whole day
bringing in the wounded. One thousand three hundred were received into hospital, but a large number could not be reached
until night rendered it less dangerous for the stretcher-carriers to go beyond the lines. A train of eighty-five army
wagons was loaded with wounded in the afternoon, and sent, with proper attendance and supplies, to the White House. About
four hundred cases of slight wounds accompanied the train on foot. No ambulances were permitted to be sent away, as it was
feared they might be required at the front before they would have time to return. During the day, an active picket fire was
continually kept up. The ambulance corps worked assiduously, and every one who could be reached was brought off the
field. Eight hundred wounded were operated upon or simply dressed, according to the necessities of the cases, and sent to
the White House in a train consisting of thirty army wagons and eighty-six ambulances.
On the 5th and 6th, the pickets continued their hostilities, but no engagement of any consequence occurred. A train
of one hundred and twenty-two army wagons relieved the hospital of over six hundred wounded, and enabled the medical
officers to pay attention to the police of the hospital, to build bunks for the patients and to consult the comfort of those under
their charge more than they had hitherto been able to do. During the afternoon of the 6th, some alterations were effected in
the position of the line held by the corps, which left the hospitals on the extreme right. Surgeons in charge were therefore
instructed by the medical director to move them to the Tyler house, the position chosen for a hospital site on the afternoon
of the 2d, which had been relinquished on account of being at that time too exposed. The ground in the vicinity of this
house was elevated, the water excellent and plentiful, and the roads to the front and rear were firm and in capital condition.
An ice-house afforded an ample supply during the time spent in this neighborhood. On an average, about fifty wounded were
daily brought in from the front during the remainder of the time spent here. They were wounded by sharpshooters or by
random shell. At six o'clock i>. M. on the 6th, a flag of truce party was sent out between the lines to bury the dead and to bring
in such wounded as might still remain in front of the works. Only three wounded men were found; they were very much
exhausted. The burying party from the 1st division interred thirty-eight on their line, but in front of the 2d division, where
tin- space between the opposing lines was much greater, two hundred and six were found. While here, the brigade supplies
were completely filled up, and two Autenrieth wagons obtained : one to transport a reserve supply for the use of the 2d division
186 APPENDED DOCUMENTS AEMY OF THE POTOMAC, 1864.
hospital, the other divisions being already possessed of an extra wagon, each, for carrying a reserve stock of field necessaries ;
the other for the new brigade, of which the Corcoran Legion formed the greater part. On the afternoon of the 12th,
preparations for a move were commenced. The ambulances were divided into three commands : the first, consisting of forty-five
ambulances, fifteen to ;i division, and four medicine wagons, was set aside to accompany the troops upon the march, in order to
pick up those who became exhausted or foot-sore. Attention was particularly called to the packing of medicine wagons, to
insure not only in each case a complete wagon load, but one judiciously selected for field use. A second train was formed
of all the army medical supply wagons, the medicine wagons, excepting the four above mentioned, and sixty-three ambulances
loaded with those of the sick who .were evidently unfit to undertake a long march, yet who were not so seriously sick as to
require their transfer to hospital away from the army. This train was ordered to move to Tinistall's Station, and, subsequently,
along with the supply train, to follow the corps across the Chickahominy at Long bridge. The third detachment consisted of
sixty-five ambulances and twenty-six army wagons, which were loaded with wounded and sent to hospital at White House, with
orders to lose no time in joining the main train at Tunstall's after being relieved of their sick and wounded. The following is
a statement of casualties during this epoch, according to the regimental reports : 1st division, one hundred and eighty-eight
killed and one thousand one hundred and twenty-eight wounded, out of a mean strength of six thousand two hundred and
forty-seven men ; 2d division, two hundred and eighty-nine killed and one thousand and fifty wounded, out of a mean strength
of seven thousand two hundred and forty-eight; 3d division, fifty killed and two hundred and twentj'-eight wounded, out of a
mean strength of seven thousand seven hundred and eighty-six ; total, five hundred and twenty-seven killed and two thousand
four hundred and six wounded, out of a mean strength of twenty-one thousand two hundred and eighty-one men. The number
sent from the field hospitals to general hospital is reported to be two thousand seven hundred and sixteen wounded and
seven hundred and eighty-eight sick.
In the evening of the 12th of June, the corps marched from Cool Arbor, crossed the railroad at Dispatch Station, the
Chickahominy at Long bridge, and, on the afternoon of the 13th, reached the James river, near Wilcox's Landing. Towards
the latter part of this march, such was its length, and such the heat and dust, that the men fell out of the columns in great
numbers, so that the ambulances present for duty were insufficient to pick all up. All the serious cases were picked up, but
those of simple fatigue were left to rest by the roadside until able to reach camp.
On the 14th, the 2d and 3d divisions crossed the James on transports, and, on the 15th, the 1st division followed them.
The corps marched then in the direction of Petersburg and arrived at the fortifications in front of that place about midnight.
On the following morning, as the troops had taken position in front of the enemy's works, hospital sites were selected on the
road leading from the front to City Point, that of the 3d division at the Bryant house, and those of the other divisions at houses
on the opposite sides of the road, about a quarter of a mile nearer the front. These sites were selected, but nothing beyond
building arbors could be effected in the way of establishing hospitals, since all the wagons containing furniture, and most of those
carrying supplies, were in the rear with the main supply train. Two officers belonging to the ambulance corps were sent off
in search of them, in order to bring them up with the ambulances and medicine wagons accompanying them. About six o'clock
]'. 51., before these wagons arrived, an assault was made. At nine o'clock P. M., the main train of ambulances was ascertained
to be on the road about two miles off. They had been unavoidably detained in crossing both the Chickahominy and the James.
They arrived at a most opportune moment. Tents were pitched and food prepared for the wTounded, now numbering over
one thousand seven hundred. This was the first time during the campaign that wounded men reached the rear before hospitals
were completely established, and in this instance, the circumstances were entirely beyond the control of the medical officers.
On the 17th and 18th, the skinnislyng was actively kept up at the front, and in the hospitals the medical officers were assiduous
in their labors to get the wounded ready to be removed to the rear at the earliest opportunity. On the morning of the latter
day, another assault was made, and about a thousand men were wounded. On the following morning, a train of one hundred
and ninety-three wagons and eighty-six ambulances, twenty of which belonged to the Fifth Corps, was sent to City Point with
two thousand one hundred wounded, accompanied by six medical officers and fifty-seven attendants. Everything remained
comparatively quiet on the 20th, but on the 21st, the corps moved to the left, and took position across and on the left of the
Jerusalem plank-road. The patients remaining in the hospital occupied since the 16th had to be left behind, under charge of
medical officers and attendants, until wagons could be sent to carry them to City Point, which was not effected until the 23d.
In the afternoon of the 21st, while the corps was being placed in position, the 1st division established a temporary hospital at
the Williams house on the left, but had to remove it shortly after, on account of the enemy's cavalry making a dash upon our
left flank. The hospital fell back across the Jerusalem road to Smith's house, near army headquarters. The two other divisions
established their hospitals at houses in the same neighborhood. On the afternoon of the22d, an engagement took place, during
and after which, about three hundred and fifty wounded were brought off the field, immediately attended to, and, on the fol
lowing morning, sent to City Point. About thirty of the ambulances employed in transporting them were obtained from the
Sixth Corps.
During the remainder of the month, the corps continued in the position assumed on the 21st. The hospitals were
very well fitted up with arbors and bunks, and police duties were well attended to. In the camps at the front, all the men had
bunks well raised from the ground, and protected themselves from exposure to the direct rays of the sun by means of ever
green boughs. Water was plentiful and good, although, in many instances, it was necessary to dig very deep to reach it;
police, generally, was well performed. On the morning of the 6th of July, the 2d and 3d division hospitals were moved to the
right and established at the Southall house. This was rendered necessary by a movement of the Sixth Corps, which threw
their position in front of the line of battle. These two hospitals had just succeeded in establishing themselves comfortably in
their new location, when the withdrawal of our troops from the left of the plank-road compelled another change of position.
Late on the evening of the llth, all the hospitals of the corps were moved to the right of the Norfolk railroad to an open space
in the woods near the Deserted house, which was subsequently occupied by the headquarters of the Second Corps. In the
meantime, the reconnoissance to the Weldon railroad had been made, but no enemy having been discovered, the troops were
withdrawn to the rear of the Fifth Corps, where they went into what was expected to be a comparatively permanent camp.
REPORT OF SURGEON J. McNULTY, U. S. V. 187
At this time, on account of the diminished strength of the corps, its medical department possessed more than the proportion of
transportation allowed, and it became necessary to turn in some of the army wagons and ambulances. At the same time, the
medicine chests and other property of the regimental hospitals, which had been carried in store, were turned in to the medical
purveyor, and the wagons heretofore employed in their transportation placed at the disposal of the division hospitals. This
arrangement was a very satisfactory one, as it not only got rid of what had been simply an incumbrance, but at the same time,
afforded the medical department a greater amount of available transportation than it had previously possessed. On the 16th,
tbe 1st division hospital was moved from its position in the woods near the Deserted house to the Burchard house, in the open
field in the rear of army headquarters. This movement, unlike those previously effected, was made for sanitary reasons. The
former site was low, and the tufts of rushes which grew in great abundance around led to suspicions that, In rainy weather,
it might prove anything but a desirable location for a hospital, although it had been drained, and had evidently, before the war,
been under cultivation. Moreover, the weeks of dry and dusty weather that had preceded gave rise to daily expectations of
heavy rain. Tbe Burchard house was a position far preferable to that abandoned. On a large open space of high ground, it
had the benefit of almost every breath of wind, and, being at a distance from any main road, it was free from the dust that
generally pervaded the neighborhood of the army. The water was good, and cooking ranges and boilers were attached to the
house. The hospital here was very speedily put in excellent order. Matters remained thus until the 26th, when the movement
to the left bank of the James was inaugurated. A very large number of sick were, at this time, sent to hospital at City Point.
These were not, however, such cases as, under ordinary circumstances, would have been sent there for treatment, and two-thirds
of them marched to the Point. They were the men in the command judged by the medical officers incapable of performing a
forced march, and were sent to hospital to remain only until the corps should have performed the service required of it. At
four o'clock I'. M., the troops inarched by a somewhat circuitous route to Point of Rocks, where they crossed the Appomattox,
and thence to Jones's Neck, where the crossing of the James was effected. The corps was pushed on so rapidly that the
twenty ambulances following each division were very speedily filled with exhausted men, and straggling took place by the
roadside to a far greater extent than is usual even in day marches, when a hot sun combines with fatigue to overcome the men.
A skirmish took place at Strawberry Plains, the few wounded resulting being conveyed to a temporary hospital established on
the north bank near the end of the lower pontoon. Here dressings were applied and operations performed. In the course of the
day, the wounded were removed to the south bank, where complete field hospitals had been formed in anticipation of a renewal
of the tight. The steamer lolas reported on the 28th to carry the sick and wounded to the depot at City Point. This vessel
was a quartermaster's boat, littered with hay and supplied with ice water. No other preparation had been made to render the
wounded comfortable during the transit. On the evening of the 28th, the 3d division was withdrawn from the front, and,
having crossed the river, marched towards Petersburg, where, on their arrival next day, they relieved the troops who were to
form the assaulting party. On the 29th, after dark, the 1st and 2d divisions were likewise withdrawn towards Petersburg,
which they reached just as the mine was sprung. During the whole day, the few casualties occurring amongst them arose
from random shells. In the evening, they proceeded to the camping ground they had occupied previous to the Deep Bottom
demonstration, and hospitals were established around the Bur^hard house, in the open ground in rear of army headquarters.
The following casualties occurred during the foregoing period, according to the regimental reports : 1st division, two hundred
and twenty-seven killed and one thousand one hundred and five wounded, out of a mean strength of five thousand one hundred
and eighty-three; 2d division, two hundred and five killed and nine hundred and two wounded, out of a mean strength of four
thousand nine hundred and seventy ; 3d division, two hundred arid ninety killed and one thousand three hundred and seventy-
two wounded, out of a mean strength of six thousand nine hundred and eleven; artillery brigade, twenty-tour killed and one
hundred and fourteen wounded, out of a mean strength of two thousand eight hundred and nineteen; total, seven hundred and
forty-six killed and three thousand four hundred and ninety-three wounded, out of a mean strength of nineteen thousand eight
hundred and eighty-three men. The number sent from field hospitals during the period is reported as three thousand four
hundred and sixty-nine wounded and two thousand four hundred and ninety-five sick.
My experience during this campaign has, more than ever, convinced me that, with a well organized ambulance system,
a system of field hospitals such as were adopted by this army can be managed without any embarrassment. Each hospital
with us has been the resort, almost exclusively, of the wounded of its own division, who have arrived there with marvelous
expedition. Cases may occur, as, in fact, has happened since the events above recorded, in which recourse must be had, of
necessity, to the old plan of brigade and regimental hospitals, but such cases are rare. The transportation of the sick and
wounded by means of army wagons, in default of ambulances, was a new feature in the campaign, and deserves favorable
remarks, without it we should have been obliged to abandon most of our wounded to the enemy. As it was, the wagons
bedded with fine brush or other available materials were not more uncomfortable than ambulances usually are. The applica
tion of the headquarter wagons to the same use merits notice. They were of considerable utility on some occasions when
ambulances were wanting."
CL. Extracts from the Report of the Medical Director of the Second Corps for Augiist,
September and October, 1864. By Surgeon «J". McNui/rv, U. S. Volunteers.
"As my connection with this corps dates back to October 18th only, I have been compelled to draw the
materials for this report chiefly from the papers filed in the medical director's office at these headquarters. The report of
Assistant Surgeon Smart, TT. S. A., medical inspector of the corps, shows that during the early part of the month of August,
the Second Corps was encamped before Petersburg in the neighborhood of the Deserted house, where the headquarters of the
corps were established. The 1st division was on the right, the 2d on the left, and the 3d in rear of this house. Their quarters
\vi>n> superior in cleanliness and comfort tit those occupied by them during the preceding month. The corps field hospital was
established in the vicinity of the Bnrchanl house, a very eligible location for a fit-Id hospital. The number of sick admitted
into hospital while here was small indeed, and few were sent to City Point until the arrival of marching orders, when the
188 APPENDED DOCUMENTS— ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, 18(54.
regiments had to be weeded of all unfit to commence the campaign anew. August 12th, shortly after midday, the troops
marched to City Point, which they reached after dark and went into camp. About eleven o'clock p. M., the ambulances brought
up the rear with the sick, who were deposited at the corps depot. After a short rest to feed the horses, the train resumed its
march, leaving the troops and proceeding across the Appornattox to Bermuda Hundred, where they encamped until the following
day when thev pushed on to Jones's Neck. Here they effected a junction with the troops, who had, on the 13th, embarked,
and during the night been transported up the James river to Deep Bottom, opposite this neck, the scene of the demonstration
referred to in the report for July. The men were much crowded while on the transports, but as the trip was so short they
suffered only temporary inconvenience. At daylight disembarkation was commenced, and by nine o'clock A. M., was completed.
The corps then advanced across the plain over which they had skirmished on the 25th of July, and through the woods to the
west of the New Market road, where they took position. The day was oppressively hot, so much so, that although the men
had only marched a couple of miles, a very large number were utterly exhausted and lay down under the shelter of trees by
the roadside. Many were insensible; some in convulsions; four I saw dead. Only twenty ambulances to each division had
been permitted to cross the pontoon bridge from Jones's Neck, and as these were busily engaged in bringing off the wounded
from the skirmish line, about an hour and a half elapsed before all the cases of sunstroke could be carried to the rear. In the
afternoon a thunder cloud passed over the country, and the short but heavy shower that then fell was of inestimable value to
the men. The wounded brought in from the skirmish line were carried to the north bank of the river, about two hundred yards
below the pontoon bridge where there was a landing, which was being repaired with a view to its use in embarking them.
Here the hospitals were formed, one medicine wagon and one army wagon loaded with tent flies and cooking utensils having
been permitted to cross from each division train. On the 15th, active skirmishing continued during the greater part of the
day. In the afternoon a quartermaster's steamer, under charge of Assistant Surgeon McDonald, II. S. V., reported to carry
the wounded to City Point. This vessel was littered with hay, but had received no other preparation for the reception of the
wounded. Late in the evening a second boat, the City of Albany, reported for the same purpose. It was without any medical
officer, and no preparation had been made to receive the wounded upon it. The vessels sent up at the same time for the
wounded of the Tenth Corps, were elegantly fitted up hospital boats. * * On the afternoon of the 18th, the heaviest thunder
storm of the season swept over the ground occupied by the corps, the hospitals on the high ground forming the north bank of
the James river were completely exposed to the fury of the gale. Several of the tent flies were blown down, and one man,
Private John Prestley, Co. B, 7th Michigan, in hospital of the 2d division, is reported killed by the lightning. On the afternoon
of the 18th, the enemy made a vigorous attack upon the line of the Tenth Corps. After this attack, the 3d division of the
Second Corps recrossed the James and Appomattox, and on the following day took possession of the works hitherto held by
the Fifth Corps, in order to enable that command to move against the Weldon railroad. The field hospital of this division was
formed in the woods in rear of the Deserted house near the site of the camp occupied by the division early in the month.
The two divisions left at Deep Bottom remained there until the evening of the 20th, when they rapidly crossed the river
and marched towards Petersburg. They were followed by the hospital wagons and ambulances, the steamer Kent having
carried off the inmates of the field hospitals to City Point. The troops reached their old camping ground in front of Petersburg
about seven o'clock A. M., and rested for a few hours. At eleven o'clock the march was resumed in the direction of the Weldon
railroad, where the Firth Corps was at that time engaged with the enemy. Ten ambulances accompanied each division. The
main part of the train and all the hospital and medical wagons went into park on the ground occupied as a hospital previous to
the James river demonstration. The two divisions advanced southward along the railroad from the position held by General
Warren's Corps, destroying the road as they progressed, until, on the morning of the 25th, at Reams's Station, some signs of
the enemy were observed in front. Expecting that the want of a medicine wagon would be much felt, should any fighting take
place, one was sent for to the Williams house, where the main train of ambulances, etc., was now established. The few
men wounded, in the attack which the enemy made shortly after, were collected at Reams's church, a small building just within
the breastwork at the station. Here the hospital staff of each division assembled, each medical officer accompanied by his
orderly carrying the field companion, the supplies contained in which proved equal to the demands made during the day. The
medicine wagon, etc., sent for did not succeed in reaching the church, they travelled along the railroad, and, late in the day
approached the station, but finding the enemy in possession of the road, the sergeant in charge prudently went back. The
wounded brought by the stretcher-bearers to the church were dressed and placed in ambulances ready to be removed at a
moment's warning, for, as yet, it was uncertain where hospitals would be established, indeed the situation seemed to admit of
none. The line formed two-thirds of a circle, with a radius so small that bullets fired at the left coursed over the enclosed
area, and struck down men in position on the right. The Geary church road was so exposed as to render the selection of any
point on it out of the question, and the road running parallel to the railroad was still more unsuitable, as it lay in front of our
line of battle. No place of security could be found, so the church being a prominent object, and, although close to the breast
works, no more exposed than any other part of the field, was selected as a field depot, to which the stretcher-bearers were
instructed to carry the wounded. Shortly after this, a feeble assault was made upon the part of the line in front of this church,
and the ambulances, wounded and medical officers had to retire about a hundred yards to the shelter of a shallow ravine, where
they remained during the more vigorous assault made about two o'clock P. M. The ambulances being now well-filled, started
for the Williams house, running whatever risk they might be exposed to on the Geary church road. An operative surgeon and
staff of assistants were sent along with them to perform whatever operations might be required. At the same time, an orderly
was sent for fresh ambulances, which arrived in safety, before the commencement of the final assault at five o'clock P. M. A
storm of shot and shell pouring in from all sides, and lasting about twenty minutes, ushered in this last assault, which was
successful, so far as the possession of the destroyed railroad at that point was concerned. The ambulance officers happily
succeeded in loading up with such cases as were unable, from the nature of their wounds, to find their own way to the rear,
and in getting their wagons out of the way of the manoeuvring troops. Stretcher-men and stragglers aided the other cases to the
rear, so that none of those wounded behind the breastworks fell into the hands of the enemy. The wounded on the picket line,
however, cut off by the enemy's storming column, were necessarily made prisoners. The medical director, therefore, detailed
REPORT OF SURGEON J. McNULTY, U. S. V. 189
four medical officers to remain behind and take charge of them. ; These officers, on their return to camp, reported that
sixty-six of our wounded were made prisoners, and that one hundred and forty-six dead were buried on the field. The total
number of our wounded was three hundred and fifty. The loaded ambulances moved off toward the Williams house
accompanied or followed by all those able to walk with assistance, and by some carried on stretchers. About a mile and a
half from the field, some Ninth Corps ambulances and some belonging to our own train picked up the majority of these cases. By
daybreak, all the wounded in our possession had been lodged at the Williams house, where they were treated, and, shortly
afterward, dispatched to the depot at City Point. In the meantime, the two divisions engaged had returned to the neighborhood,
of their old camping ground. During the month of August, according to the regimental reports, one hundred and sixty-two
were killed and nine hundred and seventy -four wounded, the mean strength of the corps being seventeen thousand and sixty-
three. Eight hundred and sixty-nine wounded and two thousand and forty-five sick were sent to the depot hospital at City
Point.
The report of Assistant Surgeon Smart for September shows that the commencement of the month found the 1st and
2d divisions resting quietly in camp in rear of the works near the Jerusalem road; but they were not very long inactive. In
fact, they had scarcely succeeded in policing the rough ground on which they had been encamped, and in buildin"- bedsteads
which the rainy weather rendered imperative, when a movement on the part of the enemy interrupted their quiet. Our two
reserve divisions broke camp, and threw up a line of fortifications to defend the threatened point. After remaining some days
behind the newly-formed works in expectation of an attack, they returned and encamped in rear of the front line. In no
one camp, however, did they remain for more than three or four days at a time. The 1st division was also kept moving about
for military reasons ; now in rear of one part of the line, now supporting another point ; while the 2d division, on account of the
cattle raid on our rear, was kept in a like state of activity in the neighborhood of Prince George Court-house. This continual
change in the position of these two divisions was brought to a close on the evening of the 23d, when they relieved the Tenth
Army Corps. The 1st division took position in the works stretching from the Appoinattox to the left of the Prince George road'
the 2d division manned the line forming the centre of the corps' front, having the 1st division on its right and the 3d on its left.
During the month, therefore, these two divisions experienced a very uncomfortable time; they were often engaged in laborious
duties; they slept, for the most part, with nothing but their rubber-blankets to separate them from the ground, which was
always moist, and very often wet. Moreover they were not so well provided with blankets and underclothing as the character
of the weather demanded. The want of these articles was in some cases felt severely, until, at the end of the month, full
supplies were drawn. After entering the fortifications, however, the men were able to render themselves far more comfortable,
though some policing had to be performed before they could be considered as fairly settled in their new position. At the
.suggestion of Surgeon Isaac Scott, 7th Virginia, all the bomb-proofs, and certain points in the fortifications where filth had been
permitted to accumulate, were sprinkled with chloride of lime, one hundred pounds of which were expended on the quarters
of each brigade. The 3d division remained during the entire month in the fortifications on the right and left of the Jerusalem
road. The sanitary condition of the line held by this command was by no means so satisfactory as that of the works on the
right, especially in the case of the forts near the plank-road, and the breastworks and covered ways adjoining them. Pools
of stagnant water existed in many places. In rainy weather, the water collected in the covered ways over ankle deep, and, in
addition, the men had adopted to an alarming extent the habit of using as sinks these sheltered pathways and the few trenches
that had been dug with a view to draining them. The surgeon in chief drew the attention of the division commander to this
unseemly state of matters, and representations on the same subject were made to the major general commanding the corps by
the medical director. In consequence of the measures adopted by them, the condition of this division was much improved by
the end of the month ; the stagnant pools in the forts had been drained, sinks had been dug in greater numbers, each of them
well covered on the side facing the enemy, and trenches had been dug adequate to the effectual drainage of the covered wavs,
which had also been well corduroyed. Notwithstanding these unfavorable influences, the sickness of the 3d division was not
materially increased.
After the fight at Reams's Station, August 25th, the field hospital of the 1st division and artillery brigade returned to the
Bare-hard house. About the (5th of September, an attack on our left and rear being anticipated, it was considered advisable;
to remove them to the open space near the Southall house, where they remained for a day or two, when they were permitted
to return to their old location. The hospital tents were pitched in an orchard on the right of the house. The wards,
consisting of two communicating tents each, were arranged on either side of a broad street. They were thoroughly ditched,
the streets and all the surrounding grounds well policed, and there was no lack of evergreen decorations. These hospitals
were clean and comfortable. Each patient was furnished with a separate bedstead, a well-filled bed-sack, clean sheets and
good blankets. The more serious cases were provided with mosquito nettings. At a distance of about thirty yards from the
end of the street was a double line of tent flies, pitched so as to form the roofs of two long buildings, the walls of which were
represented by a thick-set hedge of pine boughs; here the slighter cases were treated. The cooking arrangments of this
hospital were very satisfactory. A large brick oven had been built to bake bread, and the storehouse was well provided. The
hospital of the 2d division was established during the same period at the Southall house, where it remained during the month.
The wards were arranged in a single line in front of the house, while the kitchens, dispensaries, store-tents and quarters of the
attendants were placed in rear, with the sinks on either flank. During the month, some inconvenience was experienced from
the proximity of a quartermaster's train temporarily parked in the immediate neighborhood. The hospital of the 3d division was
situated, during the month, in the strip of woods in rear of the Deserted house. Being situated in the woods, this hospital
did not present the trim and regular appearance presented by the others ; but it was situated on sloping ground, which made
the drainage satisfactory, was kept clean, and its inmates were comfortable and well attended to. Like the hospital of the 1st
division, it was furnished with a brick oven, capable of keeping the patients supplied with fresh bread. The regimental
sick reports show that there were forty killed and two hundred and fifty-three wounded during the mouth of September, out
of a mean strength of nineteen thousand seven hundred and sixty-four men. One hundred and seventy of the wounded and
one thousand live hundred and sixty-four sick were sent during the month to the depot hospital at City Point.
190 APPENDED DOCUMENTS AEMY OF THE POTOMAC, 1804.
During the night of September 30th, the 3d division was removed from the trenches and bivouacked in the woods in rear,
the 1st and 2d divisions stretching out on the left to occupy the vacated works. On the following morning, the 3d division
proceeded by rail to Yellow tavern, whence it marched along Squirrel Level road, past Poplar Spring church, to the 1'eeble
house, then General Warren's headquarters. General Warren, with portions of the Fifth and Ninth Corps, was at this time
pushing towards the Souths! de railroad. After some little delay at the Peeble house, our 3d division was placed in position
on the left of the line to prevent the enemy from executing successfully his usual Hank attack. The weather was unpropitions,
the rain on the 1st and 2d of October having been continuous and heavy, the nights chilly and raw, and the roads so muddy
as to render marching disagreeable and laborious. Meanwhile, the hospital of the 3d division, which had followed the course of
the corduroy road, was established in the strip of woods midway between Yellow tavern and the Gurley house, and not far
from Warren Station, whence it was intended to send the wounded by rail to City Point. The distance between this point and
the position held by the division was nearly three miles. In the skirmishes which followed, the 3d division had about seventy men
wounded, who were speedily dressed and sent by rail to City Point. October 6th, the division returned to its former camp.
The 1st and 2d divisions, in the meantime still occupied the works in front of the city. The former extended from the Appomattox
to Fort Morton ; the latter connected on the left with the colored division of the Ninth Army Corps. The hospital of the 2d
division remained at the Southall house, but on the afternoon of October 1st, when the 3d division hospital was moved from the woods
in rear of Deserted house, the 1st division hospital was transferred to that point, as the Burchard house, where it had been situated,
was considered insecure during the pending operations. After the return of the 3d division, its hospital was re-established at this
point, and that of the 2d division was moved to the house near Meade's Station, which had been its location during the assault of the
ICth and 18th of June, 1864. The situation remained unaltered until the night of the 24th. The 2d and 3d divisions were then
relieved from the works and massed for action under cover of the woods. The 1st division stretched out to hold the line
hitherto defended by the whole corps. On the 25th, as it was necessary to put the hospitals in marching condition, the sick
were sent to City Point. About four hundred and fifty were sent away, who were only slightly indisposed, but who were looked
upon by regimental and brigade medical officers as unable to accompany the troops on the march. At two o'clock on the after
noon of the 26th, the 2d and 3d divisions, accompanied by the usual allowances of one-half of the ambulances, and one medicine
and one army wagon to each brigade, moved towards the left. That part of the train not permitted to follow the troops was
sent within the defences of City Point to remain until called for. The line of march stretched through the woods by the Smith,
Williams and Gurley houses to Fort Duchesne, outside of which the men bivouacked at nightfall. It was here arranged that
all the trains should remain at the Gurley house in park until their presence was required at the front. No exception was
made of the wagons carrying medical supplies, and when the line of march was again taken up, the ambulances only accom
panied the troops. Reveille was sounded about three o'clock A. M., on the 27th, and shortly afterward the march was resumed,
the 2d division being in advance. Leaving Fort Duchesne, the column moved along the Halifax road about two miles and a
half, when it struck off to the right along a narrow road through the woods leading to a crossing over Hatcher's run, a short
distance below Armstrong's mills. An hour after daybreak, the head of the column struck the enemy's pickets about a quarter
of a mile from the crossing. These were immediately driven in, and the works defending the passage of the run were assaulted
and captured. This success was achieved with a loss of about fifty wounded, sufficient to load up all the ambulances of the
2d division, fifteen in number. The medical director made application for permission to send these loaded wagons back to the
Gurley house to leave the wounded and to return immediately to the front. This was disapproved on the ground that strag
gling parties of the enemy's cavalry were now in our rear. The wounded had therefore to be carried along with the troops
towards the Boydton plank road, which was struck early in the t'ay near the Burgess house, where the run and the road
intersect. The enemy was here found in force, and disputed our further advance. In an open field, on the east side of the
plank road, and about half a mile from the Burgess house, was a small frame building, with out houses attached, called
Rainey's. Here the ambulances were instructed to unload, and the medical officer's of the division hospitals were ordered to
report. This house was out of range of the guns brought by the enemy to bear upon the right and centre of the line ; but later
in the day, as the medical officers were extemporizing operating tables for some cases that demanded operative interference, an
attack was made by the enemy upon our left where General Gregg's cavalry was dismounted. During this attack the house
was in the line of fire, and so near that musketry reached it. It became necessary therefore to remove the depot, together with
such wounded as had arrived. The ambulances were accordingly loaded and moved to a grove of pine trees on the east of the
open space, but the stretcher carriers, acting upon the orders received earlier in the day, continued to bring in the wounded to
the house, where the medical officers therefore remained. During the night arrangements were made to retire. The ambulances
started first, escorted by a regiment of infantry. They were ordered to report at the Gurley house, where the medicine wagons
were parked. The surgeons accompanying them were instructed to form hospitals there, and to lose no time in performing the
necessary operations, so that the wounded might be sent to City Point without delay. On account of the deficiency of ambu
lances, all the wounded collected at the Rainey house had to be left there, to fall, next morning, into the hands of the enemy.
Several medical officers, who, during the course cf the afternoon, volunteered to remain with the wounded, were, by order of
the medical director, empowered to do so. As the medicine wagons had been left behind, the supplies at their disposal
amounted only to the contents of two or three Chapin's field companions. The number of wounded left at the house and on the
field amounted to about two hundred and fifty.
At ten o'clock p. M., the troops commenced to move off, the 3d division in advance. The night was dark and rainy,
which rendered the march along the narrow road through the woods fatiguingly slow. The troops bivouacked on the
banks of Hatcher's run, near the mills, and early next morning, all the stragglers having come up with the main body, the
march was resumed. Fort Duch<>sne was reached, and after some delay the troops went into camp on the evening of the
29th, in rear of thn fortifications held during their absence by the 1st division. At an early hour, the same day, the wounded
reached the (iurley house, where the necessary operations were performed. About three o'clock P. M., a train of cars left
Warren Station with the majority of them, the remainder were sent by a second train which started late in the evening. .
In all, one hundred and seventy-five were sent away. The temporary hospitals formed at the Gurley house were then broken
REPORT OF SURGEON E. B. DALTON, U. S. V. 191
up and removed to the old locations. That of the 2d division, to the Southall house; that of the 3d division, to the rear of the
Deserted house. No medical property or ambulances fell into the hands of the enemy, except the two or three field com
panions left at the liainej house. While the 2d and 3d divisions were absent on this expedition, the 1st (Miles'*"), was
noisily engaged with the enemy in front of Petersburg. On the morning of the 20th, its hospital, then situated near Meade's
Station, was broken up. In view of the extreme caution displayed in having all the trains belonging to the army removed to
the fortifications at City Point, it was thought to be too far to the rear and too much exposed. It was the intention to have
moved it nearer the front to escape the danger anticipated in the rear, but the peremptory order from the major general com
manding the corps, to have all the wagons and ambulances belonging to this hospital removed at once to City Point, prevented
its formation anew. Five ambulances only were excepted from this order. It was now decided to establish brigade hospitals
in the bomb proofs in and around the forts, if an action with the enemy should call for their existence. To this end, supplies
in what the surgeon-in-chief considered to be a sufficient quantity were taken out of the wagons and transported to the front.
Medical officers were ordered in case of an engagement to rendezvous at certain fixed points, and the five ambulances at their
disposal were informed of the localities.
On the 27th, some unimportant assaults were made upon the enemy's line. The few wounded resulting, twenty-five in
number, were very satisfactorily treated in the brigade hospitals. Next day they were sent to City Point, the division train was
brought up, and the hospital re-established on its previous site. After dark, on the 31st, the 1st division was relieved from the
trenches by the 2d division, and encamped in the neighborhood of the Southall house. The 2d division hospital was moved at
the same time to the house near Meade's Station, and that of the 1st division to an open space about half a mile in rear of
the Deserted house. ' During the month of October, according to the regimental reports, the mean strength of the corps
was twenty-one thousand five hundred and twenty-eight men, of whom, one hundred and sixty-nine were killed and eight
hundred and twenty-three wounded. Five hundred and seven of the wounded and nine hundred and ninety-one sick were sent
to the depot hospital at City Point."
(JLI. Extracts from the Report of the Depot Field Hospital of the Army of the Potomac, from
May to October, 1864. By Surgeon E. 13. DALTON, IT. S. Volunteers.
* * * "On the 7th of May, 1864, it was ordered from the headquarters of the army of the Potomac, that all the wounded
from the battle-fields of the Wilderness should be taken across the Rapidan via Ely's Ford to Rappahannock Station, on the
Orange and Alexandria railroad, and thence by railroad to Washington, and I was ordered to take general charge of their
transportation. Owing to the constant and heavy demand for ambulances at the front, a large number of army wagons were
furnished by the quartermaster's department to assist in the execution of this order. The amount of transportation, however,
was still quite insufficient, and a large number of the wounded were left at the various field depots, under the care of a few
medical officers and attendants, provided with such shelter, supplies and rations as the emergency allowed. The train was
at once gotten ready, loaded with wounded, and furnished with the requisite rations and medical supplies. A few medical
officers were detailed from each corps for the care of the wounded on the road. The train was fairly under way, when the
enemy's cavalry was reported in the vicinity of Ely's Ford, and an order was received to proceed no farther in that direction,
but to turn back and follow in the rear of the army. This order was at once carried into effect, and the train followed the line
of march during the night. May 8th, I received an order to conduct the train to Frederickshurg, Virginia,-and to place the
wounded in temporary hospital accommodations there until they could be removed to Washington. A suitable escort was
provided, and the train proceeded as ordered, entering Fredericksburg about one o'clock on the morning of the 9th. The
churches, public buildings, warehouses, mills, and the more commodious of the private dwellings were at once taken for
hospital purposes, and a large number of wounded officers and men were billeted upon such of the families as stil! remained in
town. Over seven thousand wounded, the whole number brought in the train, were thus placed under shelter. The number of
medical officers and attendants was, of necessity, disproportionately small. Some thirty medical officers only were present ;
these worked most faithfully and steadily, day and night. The immediate necessities of the wounded were attended to with
very little delay, and the less pressing demands met with all possible despatch. The absolute impossibility of preparing
accurate records under the circumstances, makes it impossible now to furnish more than a report of the general conduct of
affairs. Every effort was made to systematize matters as rapidly as possible. The organization adopted was by corps,
corresponding to the organization of the army. Certain buildings, with the adjacent portion of the town, were assigned to each
corps, and the men belonging to the same collected, as far as practicable, within the limits of this district. From the medical
officers of each corps present, one was selected as surgeon in charge, and the remainder were assigned to duty as assistants.
This same organization, with some modification in the details, has been continued to the present time. The day alter the
occupation of the city, and for several days subsequently, trains of ambulances containing supplies, were sent with a flag of
truce, under charge of a medical officer, to the Wilderness, for the purpose of completing the removal of the wounded. All,
save a few taken by the enemy, were thus brought into town. Owing to the fact that the occupation of Fredericksburg as a
hospital was entirely unexpected, a day or two intervened between the arrival of the wounded and the establishment of
communication with Washington, during which time the supply of medical and hospital stores, surgical appliances, etc., was
quite limited. Vessels laden with everything necessary, reached Belle Plain on the 10th of May, however, and wagon trains at
once brought an abundance to the city. At the same time a number of surgeons from civil life arrived and reported for duty in
accordance with orders from the Surgeon General's Office. Many of these rendered valuable assistance. Immediately upon
the establishment of communication with Washington, measures were taken to transfer to that city all such men as seemed
likely to remain disabled for more than thirty days All the available means of transportation were,1 used for the more serious
cases, while many who were wounded in the upper extremities were sent in squads on foot to IJelle Plain, under charge of a
medical officer and there placed on board the transports. Meantime the battle of Spottsylvania scut daily accessions to the
]92 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, 18G4.
number of wounded in the city. In some instances the ambulance and wagon trains containing those m^n were unloaded at
Frede rieksburg, while in others, they were halted for a sufficient length of time to allow provision for the immediate wants of
those on board, and were then sent on at once to Belle Plain. Ou the 20th, three hundred hospital tents arrived. These were
distributed to the different corps hospitals, and were at once pitched outside the town, where as many of the wounded as could
be accommodated were transferred from the buildings without delay.
On the 22d, the repairs of the Fahnouth and Aquia Creek railway were completed ; and this road was constantly used for the
removal of the wounded to Aquia landing, to which point the depots previously at Belle Plain had been transferred. Simultaneously
with the opening of the railroad, light-draught steamers reached the city by the Rappahannock river. These were hastily fur
nished with supplies, straw, etc., and used for the transportation of wounded to Tappahannock and other points lower down
the river, where hospital transports were ready to receive them and convey them to Washington. The army had now moved
BO far that Fredericksburg was no longer eligible as a hospital depot, and every effort was made to evacuate the town as
promptly as possible. By the morning of the 28th of May, the wounded were all removed, and all public property placed on
board steamers and barges in tow. These dropped down the river under convoy of a gunboat, while the ambulances and army
wagons moved overland under escort of the troops which had been garrisoning the city during its occupation. By night both
had reached Port Royal, which had already been occupied as a depot, but was about to be abandoned in consequence of the
march of the army towards the Peninsula. Some thousand wounded had been brought here from the front by Surgeon A. J.
Phelps, U. S. V., and by him sent thence to Washington. No more were expected, and White House, on the Pamunkey river,
had been designated as the next base. The necessary arrangements for transportation to that point were made without delay,
and the medical officers with their hospital attendants and property, sailed on the afternoon of the following day. Surgeon
W. L. Faxon, 32d Massachusetts, in charge of Fifth Corps hospital, remained in charge at Port Royal until the departure of
the last boat, to see that nothing appertaining to the department should be neglected. After thoroughly performing this duty, he
accompanied the troops and trains overland to the new base. We reached White House on the 3<^th, and immediately com
menced unloading, pitching the tents, and preparing for the reception of the wounded, whose arrival from the battle-field of
Hanovertown and Cool Arbor was now looked for every hour. The hospital tents were arranged along the river bank in
double echelon, extending from the former site of the White House some three quarters of a mile down the river, and occupying
a breadth of half a mile. Shelter, supplies and facilities for cooking were in readiness when the first train reached the
landing on the afternoon of the 1st of June. Captain Pitkin, A. Q. M., depot quartermaster, spared no efforts to afford every
facility for the prompt accommodation and comfortable transportation of these men. It being understood that this base was but
temporary, every available steamer bound thence to Washington was temporarily provided with straw, rations, medical supplies,
and cooking apparatus, and loaded with wounded. These were sent under charge of medical officers detailed for this duty.
Thus, thousands found immediate accommodation upon the boats without even the delay of registering their names, sufficient
examination being given upon the spot to prevent the escape of malingerers or deserters.
From the 1st of June to the 13th, there were daily and sometimes hourly arrivals of trains from the front, the numbers
thus received being sufficient to keep the hospitals full in spite of every effort to relieve them. On the 13th, however, the
arrivals ceased. Information was received that the army was moving by the left flank to the James river, and twenty-four
hours sufficed to send away a large proportion of the remaining wounded, to strike the tents and to repack and ship a good
portion of the property. At this juncture, Captain J. E. Jones, assistant quartermaster, and Captain B. F. Talbot, commissary
of subsistence, reported for duty at the hospital. The latter at once provided abundance of subsistence stores, issued a sufficient
quantity for those who must remain a day or so, and shipped the remainder, to be taken with the first medical boat for the new
base. Assistant Surgeon A. K. St. Clair, 5th Michigan Cavalry, was detailed to remain in charge at the landing, whence he
successfully removed the remaining wounded and stores. On the morning of the 14th, a large proportion of the medical officers,
the commissary and quartermaster, together with the purveying department and most of the hospital property, started down the
Pamunkey, en route for Jamestown island in the James river, which had been designated as the rendezvous until further orders.
A temporary delay was occasioned at Yorktown by the great reluctance of the captains of the steamers Planter, Farmer and
Hugh Jenkins to proceed. Their objections were, however, overruled, and we reached Jamestown island on the afternoon of
the 15th. Here orders were received to proceed to City Point, and there establish the hospital depot. On the 16th, upon reaching
the pontoon bridge near Fort Powhattan, we were delayed by the crossing of cavalry and cattle. Surgeon Phelps, however,
succeeded in getting above the bridge by means of a small boat, and thence by tug to City Point, where he selected a site
for the hospitals. We finally reached City Point on the 18th, just as a train of ambulances arrived loaded with wounded from
the assault upon Petersburg. These were at once attended to, and transportation to Washington procured for them, hospital
transports being loaned for that purpose by Surgeon McCormick, U. S. A., medical director of the department of Virginia and
North Carolina. The hospital property was at once unloaded and conveyed to the site selected, and there put in readiness as
rapidly as possible for the reception of the wounded, who still continued to come in in large numbers. The site, which is that still
occupied, is located south of the James river, one mile from City Point, towards Petersburg. It is situated upon a broad plain
extending from the Petersburg pike to the high bluffs overlooking the basin of the Appomattox, just at the junction of the
latter with the James river. The plan of the encampment, which still remains essentially unaltered, was mainly devised by
J)r. Phelps. Some irregularities occurred in its execution in consequence of the embarrassment of laying out the camp and
erecting tents at the same time that the presence of wounded called constantly for professional labors. By means of pontoons,
temporary wharves were soon constructed, at a convenient point, a short distance up the Appomattox. These were for the
exclusive use of the hospital, and were used for landing and issuing supplies, and for transferring wounded to the hospital
transports. The services of the transports were immediately, and, for a time, constantly in demand. Two of these, the
Connecticut and State of Maine, were of sufficiently light draught to be able to come alongside the wharf. The Do Molay
could only reach the mouth of the Appomattox, and was there loaded by means of lighters. The Atlantic, Baltic and Western
Metropolis came no farther than Fortress Monroe or Newport News, and were there loaded by transfers from the Connecticut
and State of Maine. All rendered most efficient service, especially the Connecticut, which has been throughout the campaign
REPORT OF SURGEON E. B. DALTON, U. S. V. 193
remarkable for the promptness and energy displayed in her management. The purveying department met all necessary
demands with promptness and liberality. Nothing essential to the care of the wounded was wanting. Bed sacks and blankets
were supplied without stint, and arranged upon the ground beneath the tents. None were without shelter. Drugs and
dressing's were in abundance. Hospital stores, ice, and even delicacies, were constantly issued. Cooking stoves, cauldrons and
portable ovens were on hand in sufficient quantity for any emergency. Requisitions received prompt and full attention at all
times. But a short time elapsed before the arrival of an abundant supply of bedsteads, when sheets and pillow cases were at
once made use of in all cases where they could essentially add to the comfort of the patient. The capacity of the hospital was
rapidly increased, until it became capable of accommodating ten thousand patients. At first these were mainly wounded, but
as the season advanced, and the prolonged duty in the trenches told upon the men, the proportion of sick became greater.
Each successive engagement would fill the beds with wounded, but these, especially the severely injured, were sent north as
rapidly as possible, while the sick, as a general rule, were removed only when the character of the case rendered a change
of climate essential to recovery. The entire encampment now covers an area of some two hundred acres, and is composed
of twelve hundred hospital tents. The latter were originally pitched in groups composed of two tents, with an intervening
fly, and placed end to end. These groups are arranged in rows, side by side, divided by lateral interspaces of fifteen feet in
width between the individual groups. The ends of the groups fronted streets sixty feet wide, running parallel with the river,
and meeting at right angles a main avenue one hundred and eighty feet in width, which extends through the centre of the
camp from the verge of the blurt' to the Petersburg pike. Since the approach of cold weather, an entire tent has been
substituted for the intervening fly in each group. Shortly after the establishment of the hospital at this point, works were
constructed by the quartermaster for supplying the encampment with water. Two steam engines of four-horse power each
were placed at the foot of the bluff, at the edge of the river, whence they forced water into a tank capable of containing
six thousand gallons. The tank was raised thirty feet above the level of the bluff", and supported upon a strong trestle
work. From this tank a conducting pipe two inches in diameter descends to the ground, and is conducted eighteen inches
below the surface along the main avenue. At right angles to this main pipe, smaller ones diverge at intervals, and enter the
various divisions of the hospital, where, at the extremity of each pipe, is a hydrant. These works, which were completed on
the 6th of July, have proved entirely satisfactory, and an abundance of river water was thus supplied for laundry, bathing
and other purposes. Wells were dug in various parts of the hospital, and these, with numerous springs in the vicinity, afforded
a plentiful supply for drinking and cooking. For several weeks subsequently to the ai'rival at City Point no rain fell, and
the accumulation of dust became a source of the greatest discomfort. Bodies of troops and wagon trains were constantly
passing along the main road, and the dust was borne in dense clouds over the camp, filling the tents and penetrating the
bed-clothes. This matter was represented at the Surgeon General's Office, and sprinkling carts applied for. Eight of these
were promptly sent down from Washington, and were immediately and constantly made use of. They afforded great relief,
not only in subduing the dust, but also in moderating the intense heat of the atmosphere. To afford some shade, broad bowers
were built continuously along the ends of the tents on each side of the streets. For purposes of drainage, each group of tents
was surrounded by a trench eight inches in depth. From these trenches the water was conducted into ditches, which ran
along each side of the streets, and terminated in still larger ones in the various irregular ravines with which the ground is
broken up, and which descend rapidly to the river. This system of drainage has proved entirely effectual. It is impossible
by merely quoting the register to convey an accurate idea of the sick and wounded who have received attention in this hospital.
At Fredericksburg, at White House, and, still later, at City Point, hundreds passed through under circumstances which
rendered it impracticable to register their names, or even to estimate their number accurately. This always occurred during
or immediately subsequent to an engagement, when the accumulation of wounded and the constant calls for professional labor
sometimes made it necessary to transfer at once from the ambulances to the hospital transports. In fact, as I have already
stated, so unremitting were the professional duties of the medical officers during the first fortnight at Fredericksburg that
it was impossible even to prepare morning reports, and it was not until the 16th of May that a numei'ical report was
attempted. From that date to the present, daily reports have been forwarded, and they show that from the 16th of May to
October 31st there have been received into this hospital, and retained here under treatment for at least forty-eight hours,
sixty-eight thousand five hundred and forty sick and wounded officers and men. Of these, fifty-one thousand three hundred
and thirteen have been transferred to the various general hospitals at the north, and eleven thousand seven hundred and six
have been returned to duty with their commands. One thousand five hundred and sixteen have died. A large number of the
wounded had sustained amputations, or other capital operations, at the immediate front before coming to this hospital ; but in
many other cases similar interference was still necessary. The experience here has given the most convincing evidence in
favor of primary operations in gunshot wounds. The majority of the sick received during the summer have suffered from
dysentery, diarrhoea and malarial fevers. A small proportion of cases of typhoid fever have occurred, and a very few
comparatively of pneumonia and other diseases of the chest. The manifestations of malarial influences have, as a general
rule, been of a mild character, and evidently owing, in a great measure, to the prolonged exposure and hard service to which
the men have been subjected in the trenches. In fact, very many of them do not properly come under the head of either
of the recognized classes of malarious fever> but were rather cases of a depressed condition not inaptly expressed by the term
malarial-malaise. A large proportion of these recovered rapidly and entirely under the influences of rest, cleanliness and good
nourishment, together with a moderate administration of quinine and iron. A number of cases of disease have occurred within
the limits of the encampment, but not in sufficient number or of sufficient severity to impair the efficiency of the hospital, or to
throw any doubt upon the propriety of its continuance. On the contrary, the number who have recovered and returned to
duty within a few weeks after their admission, and without their removal to a distance from the seat of war, have proved this
site a most eligible one." *
25
194 APPENDED DOCUMENTS — AEMY OF THE POTOMAC, 1864.
CLII. Extracts from the Iteport of the Medical and Hospital Department of the Second
Division, Cavalry Corps, Army of the Potomac, from July 19 to December 31, 1864. By
Assistant Surgeon E. J. MABSH, U. S. Army.
"July 19, 1864, I reported for duty as acting surgeon-in-chief of the 2d division, Cavalry Corps, Surgeon
Phillips, 1st New Jersey Cavalry, being absent on sick leave. The division consisted of the following troops: 1st brigade; 1st
New Jersey Cavalry, 1st Massachusetts Cavalry, 1st Pennsylvania Cavalry, 6th Ohio Cavalry, 10th New York Cavalry and
Battery A 2d U. S. Artillery: 2d brigade; 1st Maine Cavalry, 2d, 4th, 8th, 13th and 16th Pennsylvania Cavalry, with Battery I
IstU. S. Artillery. The division was encamped between Light-house Point and City Point, on both sides of the telegraph road.
With few exceptions, all the camps were in the woods, some on high ground, some on lower sites, but all quite dry in consequence
of the long continued drought, and the extreme heat rendered the shelter of the woods very desirable for both men and horses.
The water was generally good, and rations were abundant, with the exception of fresh vegetables, the supply of which was scanty.
The sick list was large, especially in the 2d brigade, the report of which, for the week ending July 23d, showed two hundred
and thirty-two men sent to general hospital, and two hundred and twenty-seven remaining sick, out of an aggregate strength
of four thousand nine hundred and forty-seven men. No division or regimental hospital had been established, and all serious
cases were sent at once from their regiments to the corps hospital at City Point. The full number of ambulances, medicine and
transportation wagons were on hand, but many of the boxes of the ambulances were not well filled, especially in the first
brigade. July 26th, we received orders to be ready to march in the afternoon ; all the lighter cases of sickness were left in
camp with one medical officer from each brigade. The more serious cases, thirty-six in number, were sent to City Point. But
five ambulances were allowed to accompany the division, and the medical director ot the corps had one army wagon with
supplies. We inarched just before dai'k, proceeding across the Appomattox to the James river opposite Deep Bottom. On the
morning of July 27th, we crossed the James and proceeded to Strawberry Plains, where we remained all day. I had made
preparations to organize a field hospital, placing Surgeon W. M. Weidman, 2d Pennsylvania Cavalry, in charge, and detailing
operating surgeons, assistants, and a corps of attendants. Before starting, I had loaded one of the ambulances with medical
supplies, and had placed a hospital tent fly in each ambulance.
On the morning of July 28th, we moved out the New Market road towards the Charles City road, and soon came upon
the enemv in force. The ambulances had been ordered to inarch in the rear of the division, and they had not come up when
the first wounded came in. I directed Assistant Surgeon Tuft, 1st Pennsylvania Cavalry, to assist Surgeon Weidman in selecting
a place for the hospital. They established it at a house about half a mile back on the Mai vern Hill road ; many of the wounded
came thither on horseback, or were carried by their comrades, before the ambulances arrived. The rebel infantry being in
force, drove our dismounted men, and captured one of our guns. They were soon, however, forced back, leaving many of
their wounded. We afterwards moved back by the Malvern Hill road, and, by orders of the general commanding, I had the
wounded placed in the ambulances and carried to Malvern Hill. Here the wounded were placed in the shade, near a large
house, where there was good water and a supply of ice. An operating room was extemporized of tent flies, and nearly all the
cases were soon attended to. Meanwhile, I had gone back to the battle-field with the ambulance train and removed those of
our Avounded who had been left upon the field, together with several of the rebel wounded. Late in the afternoon, I was
directed to take all the wounded to Allen's farm on Strawberry Plains, where the 1st division of the corps had established their
hospital. They occupied the house, so the wounded under my charge were laid on the grass near by and sheltered by the tent
flies. They were all soon fed, and those who had not yet received surgical aid were attended to. Assistant Surgeon DuBois,
U. S. A., acting medical director of the corps, made arrangements for shipping them off that night on board a transport. For
this purpose he borrowed ambulances from the medical director of the Second Corps, and by midnight they were all on board
of the boat. In this affair, according to the regimental reports, our division lost fifteen killed, eighty-one wounded and twenty
missing ; total, one hundred and sixteen. Sixty-eight of our own wounded and twelve rebels were received and treated at the
field hospital. July 29th, we remained in the same position, and there was no fighting except an attack, towards evening, on
the pickets of the 1st Maine, which had three men wounded. The command recrossed the James river during the night, and the
wounded last mentioned, together with a few sick, were sent in ambulances to City Point. July 30th, we marched from the
Appomattox to Lee's mill, on Warwick swamp. The day was excessively hot, and the men and horses were greatly exhausted.
We found the enemy at Lee's mill posted on the opposite side of the stream. In the skirmish that followed, we had eleven
men wounded, who were taken to Lee's house, where a temporary hospital was established, the wounded fed, their wounds
dressed and necessary operations were performed. During the night the whole division moved back towards Prince George
Court-house, where the 2d brigade went into camp, while the 1st brigade encamped between that place and Lee's mill. The
wounded were sent to City Point. We remained here till August 5th, when we moved back to our old camp near Light-house
Point. While at this place, I established a temporary hospital, using the tent flies which I had in the ambulances, and having
others, together with additional hospital stores, brought up from our train. When we moved, on the 5th of August, I had the
patients, forty-five in number, sent to City Point. At this time, the 1st and 3d divisions of the Cavalry Corps were sent to the
Shenandoah valley. The 2d was now the only cavalry division in the army of the Potomac. After returning to the camp near
Light-house Point, I undertook to organize a division hospital. * * I found on hand eleven hospital tents and the usual
field supplies for two brigades. By direction of the general commanding the division, I established the hospital near the
cavalry depot, as this would be a comparatively permanent camp, and not subject to the frequent movements of the rest of the
division. The cavalry depot was on the James river, at the mouth of Bailey's Creek, about two miles below City Point. It
was organized to receive the dismounted men of the division, together with recruits and convalescents returning from general
hospital, and to supply them with horses and arms before joining their regiments. The site selected for the hospital was an
open grassy plain, surrounded by woods, and about half a mile from the river. Here I had all the hospital tents pitched, and
placed Assistant Surgeon R. H. Tuft, 1st Pennsylvania Cavalry, in charge. A suitable number of attendants were detailed.
August 9th, we again moved to Prince George Court-house, where we remained until August 13th, when we broke camp to
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SURGEON E. J. MARSH, U. S. A. 195
take part in the movement of the Second and Tenth Corps, north of the James river. I had all the sick who were unable to
travel sent to the division hospital. By order, I took ten ambulances and a medicine wagon with the column, placing some
hospital tent flies in the ambulances. I organized a temporary field hospital for the expedition, placing Surgeon Weidman, 2d
Pennsylvania Cavalry, in charge and detailing an operating staff, assistants and attendants. We marched all night and reached
Allen's farm on Strawberry Plains shortly before daybreak on the 14th. Here we rested some hours, and then marching along
the Newmarket road had a skirmish at Gravel Hill, driving the enemy before us, with a loss of a few killed and thirteen
wounded. I established the field hospital in a grove on Strawberry Plains, near the river. August 15th, we moved up the
Charles City road and had a skirmish, in which nine men were wounded who were taken to the field hospital. On the morning
of August 16th, the division being about to move on a reconnoissance, I transferred our wounded to the Second Corps hospital.
The 2d brigade, with one section of artillery, moved out the Charles City road, and at Deep Run, a small stream running into
White Oak swamp, was joined by General Miles's brigade of the Second Corps. The enemy was found posted on the other
side of the run. During the operations of the day, the 2d brigade had about a hundred men wounded, and, as but five
ambulances had been allowed to accompany us, I was obliged, during the morning, to send back for more. * * At first, I
selected a house near the Charles City road for a hospital, but the surgeon in charge subsequently found the locality unsafe,
and moved back to a dry pine wood on the Newmarket road. To this place the wounded were carried by the ambulances.
We removed also several of the wounded of General Miles's brigade, which had only a few ambulances with it. As far as
possible, all the wounded were dressed, fed and sheltered, and necessary operations were performed ; among them several
» amputations and resections. In the evening, I learned from the medical director of the Second Corps, that a transport would
be at the wharf next morning to carry the wounded to City Point. As we had but ten ambulances, he sent an additional train
by means of which all our patients were sent off at the appointed hour. During the 17th, we held the same lines and had no
fighting. On the 18th, in the afternoon, our pickets at Riddle's shop were attacked, and also the regiment at Deep Run.
Nine men were wounded. The hospital had been moved back to a grove near the river, to which the wounded were carried
and dressed. August 19th, the 1st brigade was ordered to the left of the army, where the Weldon railroad had just been
seized. I sent some ambulances and medical stores with it. During the 19th and 20th, the 2d brigade remained in the same
position. At this time, I relieved Assistant Surgeon Tuft from the charge of the division hospital, and assigned Assistant
Surgeon L. E. Atkinson, 1st Pennsylvania Cavalry, to that duty.
During the night of the 20tb, we recrossed the James and Appomattox rivers, and marched to Prince George Court
house, which we reached at an early hour in the morning. The expedition north of the James river had been very fatiguing.
During many of the nights the men were without sleep, and during the whole time they were on picket duty. Skirmishing
had been very frequent, and the labors of the medical officers were onerous. During the expedition, according to the regi
mental reports, there were thirty killed, one hundred and sixty-five wounded, and one hundred and thirty-six missing. Total,
two hundred and thirty-one. One hundred and twenty-seven of the wounded were admitted into the field hospital. The total
number of medical officers present for duty was eleven. August 21st, after a few hours' rest, we proceeded by way of Sturde-
vant's mills to the Jerusalem plank road, and during the night continued our march to within a short distance of the Weldon
railroad. The condition of the roads was so bad, owing to the late rains, that it was almost impossible to bring any wheeled
vehicles along. We were obliged to leave our artillery behind, and it was with great difficulty that we succeeded in bringing
the ambulances. At the Weldon railroad the first brigade joined us. On the previous day, in a skirmish, six of their men had
been wounded. These had been put into a house and dressed; on the 2'2d they were sent to City Point. August 23d, we pro
ceeded down the railroad to Reams's Station, guarding the flank of the Second Corps which was engaged in tearing up and
destroying the railroad. In the afternoon the enemy appeared in force on the road leading from Reams's to Dimviddie Court
house. They attacked and endeavored to drive us from our position but were repulsed. They continued the attack, however/
until dark, but without any success. Our men being partially protected, we had comparatively few casualties ; in all about
forty wounded. I established a hospital in a church at Reams's Station, nearly a mile from the field of battle. Many of the
cases were severe and required operations, but all were dressed and made comfortable for the night. Next morning a few more
operations were performed. The day before the fight I had sent back for the remainder of our ambulance train, and this having
now arrived, the wounded were all sent to City Point. On the 24th, there was no fighting. The Second Corps meanwhile
continued the destruction of the railroad, but on the morning of the 25th the enemy attacked our cavalry in the advance and
flank, and soon appeared in strong force. General Hancock accordingly drew in his working parties and prepared to resist
the attack, availing himself of a strong line of breastworks erected some weeks previously by the Sixth Corps. The first brigade
of our division was on the right, keeping up the communication with General Warren, and the 2d brigade on the left. During
the morning we had a few men wounded, and I had established my hospital at the Emmon's house, a short distance from
Reams's Station, on the road leading to the Jerusalem plank road. Here there were some shade trees, grassy ground, an
ice-house and a well. Some of the wounded of General Kautz's cavalry were also brought to this hospital. The medical
director of the Second Army Corps was about to establish his hospital in the same place, but was instructed by General Hancock
that it was unsafe. On hearing this, I moved the wounded under my charge to Reams's Station, where I occupied the church
we had used a few days before. This, too, in a few hours became unsafe, and we were obliged before evening to withdraw to
the plank road. The enemy had attacked the Second Corps in their works, and had been repulsed two or three times, but
about four and-a-hulf o'clock they succeeded in dislodging them, capturing some guns and a number of prisoners. Our cavalry
line on the left remained in position until dark, when the whole line was withdrawn, the 2d brigade bringing up the rear. It is
believed that none of our wounded were left on the field. *
During the operations on the Weldon railroad the loss of our division was as follows: Killed, ten; wounded, fifty-nine;
missing, five ; total, seventy-four. The wounded were sent to City Point. August 26th, the division encamped on the Jerusalem
plank road, north of the lilackwater. The camp of the first brigade was nearly a mile west of the road, some of the regiments
being in the pine woods, others on small hillocks. The soil being dry and sandy was easily drained. In some of the regimental
ramps wells were dug to supply drinking water. The 2d brigade was encamped along the plank road on dry sandy hillocks
196 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, 1864.
where there was good spring water. The men hud the usual shelter tents, which, in almost all cases, were raised from the ground,
and raised bunks were built to sleep on. In a very few cases the men slept on the ground. The division remained at this
camp until the end of September. During the month there was a good deal of sickness, the average number on sick report
being about eight per cent., and the proportion in both brigades being about the same. The cliief diseases were diarrhoea,
dysentery and malarial fevers, many of the latter being of a remittent type. Only the lighter cases were treated in camp, the
more severe being sent to division hospital, and as soon as this became filled, transferred to City Point. The number thus sent
to City Point during the month was two hundred and forty-eight. The division hospital remained as before, near the cavalry
depot, and Avas kept in good condition. September 1st, Surgeon G. W. Colby, 1st Maine Cavalry, was placed in charge. On
the night of September 15th, the rebel cavalry made a raid in the rear of our army, and drove off a large herd of cattle from
Coggins's Point, on the James river. A squadron of the 13th Pennsylvania Cavalry, which was guarding them, had a number
of men captured, among them Assistant Surgeon Stanton of that regiment. Early the next morning this division was sent in
pursuit. It moved down the plank road and found the rebels posted on the opposite side of Jones's hole swamp, in a very
strong position, from which it was found impossible to dislodge them. In this affair fifteen men were wounded. On the 17th,
the division returned to camp, and the more severely wounded were sent to City Point. Early on the morning of the 29th, the
division again broke camp, and leaving the 16th Pennsylvania Cavalry on picket along the plank road, marched to Yellow
tavern on the Weldon railroad. I was directed to take along one medicine wagon and ten ambulances. I assigned Surgeon
Junkin, 4th Pennsylvania Cavalry, to the charge of the field hospital, and made the usual details of surgeons and attendants.
From the Yellow tavern we proceeded down the Halifax to the Wyatt road. In the meantime the Fifth Corps had moved out
beyond Poplar Grove church. We proceeded up the Wyatt road, and, at Arthur's swamp, met the enemy's pickets. During
the skirmishing which ensued several of our men were wounded, two of them by the explosion of the limber chest of one of
our guns. ' I established a field hospital at the site of the old Perkins house on the Halifax road. The tent flies were
put up and the wounded were fed, their wounds examined, and the necessary operations performed. Next morning they were
taken to Warren Station and sent by cars to City Point.
During the 3Uth, the division advanced beyond the Vaughan road, but the enemy having fallen back, did not molest us.
October 1st, on the supposition that the division was to move to the left of the infantry line, I was directed to move the
hospital within the works at Warren Station. It rained all day. but the tent flies were put up, and with the help of boards
taken from an old camp, and hay procured from the quartermaster at the station, a comfortable hospital was established. The
division, however, only went as far as Poplar Grove church, and then returned to its position at the Davis house, covering the
Vaughan road, where it had thrown up a short line of breastworks. These were occupied by the 1st brigade, the 2d being on
its left, and extending back to the Halifax road. In the morning, the enemy attacked with cavalry and artillery, but were
soon repulsed. Between three and four o'clock in the afternoon, they again attacked in force, repeatedly charging the works.
The fighting continued until dark, when they withdrew. During the day, we had about thirty wounded, who were temporarily
dressed on the field, and afterwards carried to the hospital at Warren Station, where they were all fed, operated on, and, next
day, sent by rail to City Point. October 2d, the division went into camp on the Vaughan road, and remained there until the
3d, when it returned to the old camp on the Jerusalem plank road. During the expedition, our entire loss was eighteen killed,
seventy-three wounded, eighty-three missing; total, one hundred and seventy-four. The number received into hospital was
fifty-seven. After our arrival in camp, I ordered the division hospital to be removed from its position near the cavalry depot
to a retired field a short distance from the division encampment. The site selected was dry, the soil sandy, and the tents being
on the brow of the hill, could easily be drained in wet weather. A well was dug, an oven built, and every provision was made
for the comfort of the patients. The division remained in this camp during the greater part of the month. The camps were
generally in good condition. There was less sickness than during September, but diarrhoeas and dysenteries still prevailed,
and there were a few cases of scurvy. About the middle of the month a new brigade was formed. It consisted of the 1st
Maine from the 2d brigade, the 6th Ohio from the 1st brigade, and the 21st Pennsylvania Cavalry, a regiment just attached to
the division, which during the summer had been dismounted and served as infantry in the Fifth Corps. The 24th New York,
a regiment which had been serving under similar circumstances with the Ninth Corps, was assigned to the 1st brigade.
On October 25th, I received orders to send the sick to City Point, and break up the hospital preparatory to a general move.
This was done on the 26th, and one hundred and eighty-one men were sent to hospital. The hospital tents were loaded
in wagons and sent with the general train to City Point. I was directed to take along one army wagon, one medicine wagon
and half the ambulances. In the wagon I loaded a hospital tent and all the tent-flies, with blankets, clothing and rations.
Surgeon Le Moyne, of the 16th Pennsylvania Cavalry, was placed in charge of the field hospital, and medical officers and
attendants were detailed as usual.
On October 26th, at three o'clock p. M., we broke camp, and marched to the Perkins house on the Weldon railroad,
where we bivouacked for the night, Early next morning, we marched to the Boydtown plank road. The Second Corps went
by the Wyatt road and Armstrong's mill, while we kept farther to the left, by the Halifax, Dinwiddie and Quaker roads. We
encountered the enemy about daybreak, and skirmished all morning, having several men killed and wounded, who were
dressed temporarily, and moved on in the ambulances with the command. About noon, we struck the Boydtown plank road,
and joined the Second Corps, which had moved by a shorter route. * * During the afternoon, the rebels made a vigorous
attack on General Hancock's right flank, at the same time their cavalry came up the plank road and engaged our 3d brigade.
The ambulances had been parked in an open field, but the enemy's artillery rendered their position unsafe, and, after the
cavalry attack on the plank road, I was directed to have them move back about a mile on the road by which we came to the
point where General Davies's brigade was stationed. After the fighting had ceased, the ambulances were again brought to the
front to collect the wounded. During the afternoon it began to rain, and continued raining steadily until late at night. The
ambulance corps, however, brought in the wounded, including a number who had collected around the house occupied by
the Second Corps as a hospital. They were all fed, and we were ordered to be ready to move at eleven o'clock p. M. The
ambulances not sufficing to carry all the wounded, I took some wagons which had been captured in the morning, with two
EEPORT OF ASSISTANT SURGEON E. J. MARSH, U. S. A. 197
empty ammunition wagons, and thus succeeded in carrying off all the wounded who had been collected, about one hundred
in number. It is possible that, during the day, a few of the wounded may have fallen into the hands of the enemy. At eleven
o'clock P. M., we moved back on the road by which we had advanced, but having considerable difficulty in crossing the
wagons over the bridge at Gravelly Run, it was daylight before we reached the Halifax road. We went into camp at the
IVrkins house, and Surgeon Le Moyne at once made preparations for feeding the wounded and establishing a hospital. The
tents and tent flies wrere soon put up, the wounded removed from the ambulances, their wounds were dressed, necessary
operations were performed, and, by dark, they were all placed on the cars at Warren Station, and sent to City Point. The
hospital was then broken up, and the division returned to its old camp. According to the regimental reports, the casualties
on the 27th were twenty-seven killed, one hundred and forty-seven wounded and sixty-five missing; total, two hundred and
thirty-nine. The number of wounded admitted into the field hospital was ninety-nine. October 29th, the 1st brigade
moved out and encamped at McCann's Station, on the Norfolk railroad. * * October 28th, I directed Actin<>- Staft
Surgeon G. W. Lovejoy to re-establish the division hospital at the point occupied by it before our last movement. This was
done on the 29th and 30th, and preparations for winter were commenced ; chimneys were built, a log dining house and cook
house erected, etc. : ' During the month of November the division remained in camp, and as the weather became cold,
the men began to build huts; but as there was no assurance of remaining long in camp, they were often put up without much
regularity or uniformity. November 17th, the 1st brigade moved to the open field about the Westbrook house, and as it
was thought probable that they might remain there during the winter, an order was issued from brigade headquarters directing
the plan of huts, and ordering all to be erected according to the same model. The plan was a good one, and although it
assigned too many men to each hut, in practice it was found that they were almost never occupied by the entire number. Each
hut was intended to accommodate six men, and was to be twelve feet long, seven feet wide and from five to six feet high from
the ground to the eaves. Digging down into the ground was strictly prohibited; fire-places \vere allowed, but no stoves
About the middle of December, several of the regiments of the 2d brigade were moved to new and better ground, and an
order published regulating the formation of camps, size of huts, etc. 'The houses for the men will be built of logs or poles,
six feet long, set upon end, or, if sunk into the ground, seven feet long; gable ends facing the picket lines; chimneys on left
side, or facing the front of the camp; houses to be covered with shelter-tents, and four men will occupy one house.' In the
3d brigade no general orders were given respecting the size of huts, which was regulated by the several regimental com
manders. ' During November, we had a number of men killed and wounded while on picket and scout. Some of these
cases were wounded by buckshot, others by musket and pistol balls. Twenty of the wounded were received at the division
hospital during the month. This hospital constantly improved in convenience, comfort and neatness. During the month, a
new ward was established, chimneys were completed, wards were partially floored and drainage was provided for. Two
hundred and three patients were admitted during November, of whom ninety were sent to City Point. These cases were
chiefly fevers of severe type and chronic diarrhoea; there were also a few cases of pneumonia. The regimental monthly reports
for November exhibit a marked diminution in the number of cases of acute diarrhoea, dysentery and malarial fevers, and an
increase in chronic diarrhoea, bronchitis, catarrh, pneumonia and tonsilitis.
On December 1st, at an early hour in the morning, the whole division, except a few detachments left on picket, moved
out on an expedition to Stony Creek Station. Fifteen ambulances accompanied the command, but no supply wagons, as we
expected to return the same evening. We started from camp at four o'clock A. M., and proceeded by Lee's mill to the plank
road, down which we moved about three miles; then turning to the right, crossed Jones's Hole swamp, and came to the
Kowanty, where we found a party of the enemy, who were driven across before they had time to destroy the bridge. The 3d
brigade was left here to hold the bridge, while the other two pushed on to the railroad at Duvall's Station. The 1st brigade
remained here to hold the Halifax road, while the 2d brigade pushed on, and soon came in view of Stony Creek Station. * *
The rebel work at this point was captured, with one hundred and seventy prisoners and two guns. The depot and storehouses
were burned. In this affair, we had a few men killed and several wounded. The wounded were brought off in ambulances,
with temporary dressings merely, as we at once started on our return. Just as we reached Duvall's Station, some rebel cavalry
attacked the brigade which had been left there, and several of our men wrere wounded in the skirmish that ensued. * *
We returned on the road by which we came, and reached camp about nine o'clock, completely tired out. The wounded were
taken to the division hospital, and were found to be thirty -four in number. The total number of casualties during the expedition
was as follows : Killed, four; wounded, thirty-eight; missing, sixteen. Next morning,-they were all carefully examined, and
all necessary operations performed. After this, we remained quietly in camp until the morning of December 7th, when we
again set out on an expedition. Rations and forage for six days were issued, and I was directed to take along twenty
ambulances and one medicine wagon. I made the usual detail of surgeons and attendants for a field hospital. We took in
the ambulances two hundred and fifty rations of coffee, sugar and hard bread, together with some blankets and tent flies. The
division hospital also was not disturbed, but a number of patients were ordered to be sent next day to City Point. The 13th
Pennsylvania, (!th Ohio, and Battery I of the 1st U. S. Artillery, remained in camp. A few days previously, the Fifth Corps hud
broken camp and moved to the Jerusalem plank road, and it was understood that we were to cooperate with them. We marched
by Lee's mill and Jerusalem plank road to Freeman's bridge on the Nottoway river, and thence to Sussex Court-house, where
we camped for the night alongside of Crawford's division of the Fifth Corps. December 8th, we marched at five o'clock A. M.
by way of Cormann's well to the Halifax road, where we came in sight of the railroad bridge over the Nottoway. A
skirmish occurred near this place, in which we had fifteen men wounded, several of them seriously. They received surgical
assistance at a temporary hospital which I established at the Chambliss house, and were afterward carried in the ambulances to
Jarratt's Station, where we encamped for the night. The infantry meanwhile had torn up the railroad as far as the latter
place. As we were to march at an early hour next morning, the wounded were not taken out of the ambulances.
December Oth, we marched at five o'clock A. si., and proceeded along the railroad, guarding the roads while the infantry
tore1 nil the track. At Three Creeks we found :i small force of the enemy, who retired as we advanced, until we reached an
open plain near Hellelield, where the enemy had three strong works with ten or twelve guns in position, which they used with
198 APPENDED DOCUMENTS AEMY OF THE POTOMAC, 1864.
effect several of our men being killed and about ten wounded. * * When General Warren arrived lie determined not to
attack bat merely to hold our line and destroy the railroad up to this point. This was accomplished during the evening, and
we subsequently went into camp near Three Creeks. The wounded had been sent back to this point, where a temporary
hospital was established in a neighboring house. Here they were fed and their wounds dressed. After dark, the rain which
had been foiling during the afternoon turned to sleet, and the weather became very cold. December 10th, we were up before
daylight to get everything across the river at an early hour, the expedition having been ordered to return. The rain had now
ceased, but it Avas still cold and cloudy. * * The ambulance train moved between the two last brigades. ' * The enemy,
followed us in rear and on the left with cavalry and artillery as far as Jarratt's Station, and during the day we had a number
of men taken prisoners and fifteen wounded. * * At night the 2d brigade, which was in advance of the infantry, went into
camp at Sussex Court-house. Thither I ordered the ambulance train, and the surgeon in charge established a temporary
hospital at a convenient house, where fires were built, supper cooked and the wounded dressed. December llth, we
left Sussex Court-house at ten o'clock A. M. ' * We reached our camp about ten o'clock p. M. The wounded were taken to
the division hospital and provided for. December 13th, they were sent to City Point.
This expedition was extremely severe, especially upon the medical officers. The weather at times had been very wet
and cold. We seldom went into camp until after dark, sometimes not until very late. The wounded then had to be dressed,
and we generally marched before daylight in the morning. * Notwithstanding the bad weather, but few cases of sickness
occurred during the expedition, and, on our return, only ten men were carried in ambulances on this account. During this last
night's march, however, several men had their feet frozen. The casualties during the expedition were as follows: Killed,
twelve; wounded, fifty-one ; missing, fifty-one; total, one hundred and fourteen. The total number of wounded received into
ambulances was thirty-seven.
During our absence, the 13th Pennsylvania and the 6th Ohio went on a reconnoissance, during which their loss was two
killed, eighteen wounded and one missing. ' : During the rest of the month the division remained in camp, and the winter
quarters were completed, so that by December 31st almost every regiment had an excellent camp."
CLIII. Extract from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Department during the
Expedition against the Weldon Railroad, December 7 to 12, 1864. By Assistant Surgeon
CHARLES K. WINNE, U. S. Army.
* "An expedition, composed of the Fifth Corps, the 3d division of the Second Corps, four batteries, General
Gregg's Cavalry and a bridge train of canvas boats, having been ordered to move at daylight on December 7th, the flying
hospital, composed of one medicine wagon and one hospital wagon for each brigade, with one half of the ambulances,
accompanied the command. All the field companions and hospital knapsacks were directed to be filled. One hospital tent
fly to be carried in each ambulance, and the boxes to be supplied with hard bread, sugar and coffee, while the hospital wagons
carried stimulants, anodynes, dressings, blankets, hospital clothing, rations and hospital tents. The field hospitals of the troops
about to move were left intact in charge of assistant surgeons, and all who were unable to march were sent thither. December
7th, the troops moved, the ambulances following their respective divisions, the flying hospital with the train in rear. The
command moved south of Yellow tavern, Gurley and Temple houses to Jerusalem plank road, and down this road to Hawkins-
ville, nineteen miles from Petersburg, where it halted until the pontoon bridge was thrown across the Nottoway river, at
Freeman's Ford. A wagon having been overturned on the bridge, the crossing was so much retarded, that it was dark before
all were over, and the troops bivouacked on the south side of the river. A battalion of cavalry was detailed to collect all
stragglers on the road north of the river and take them to army headquarters. Eight hundred and fifty were found, four
hundred and fifty belonging to 3d division, Second Corps, four hundred to the Fifth Corps. It had rained steadily the whole
morning, but the soil being sandy, the march was but little retarded. December 8th, we broke camp at three o'clock A. M.,
marched through Sussex Court-house and Gorman's well, to the North Cross house, on Halifax road, thirty miles from Petersburg,
where the pontoon and other trains were parked. The weather, clear at starting, changed and became colder, with high wind
at night, and heavy frost. The ambulances had been comparatively free during the day, many men requiring only a short rest
to enable them to resume the march, and the remainder being returned to their respective commands on going into camp.
During the night the troops were engaged in tearing up the railroad and destroying the road as far as practicable. December
9th, the troops were engaged all day destroying the railroad, the cavalry going as far as Bellefield, opposite Hicksford, on
Meherrin river, found the bridge at that point protected by seven or eight guns, supported by infantry in field works, and it was
not deemed advisable to attempt to force a passage. Here a short engagement occurred with some loss in the cavalry. It was
very cold all day, with rain and sleet at night. Many of the men became intoxicated on apple whiskey, found in nearly all the
houses on the road. December 10th, the return march commenced, with the wagon train in advance, guarded by the 1st
division, and the ambulances in advance of their respective divisions, two only following in the rear of each. The cavalry, with
the exception of one brigade, returned to Sussex Court-house by the road we mai-ched out, the infantry marched by another
road. It was thawing, and the roads were very heavy during the day. We bivouacked a mile south of Sussex Court-house.
The 3d division bringing up the rear, was attacked twice by rebel cavalry, and formed in line ; two men received flesh wounds.
I visited the cavalry hospital at Sussex Court-house on the llth and learned that forty men had been wounded since the
expedition started. We reached Nottoway river about noon, the troops all crossed before dark and camped along the Jerusalem
plank road from Hawkirisville to the Belcher house. December 12th, the march was resumed and troops went into camp
between Halifax and Jerusalem plank road by five o'clock i>. M. During the expedition, the troops were exposed to great
vicissitudes of weather and endured great fatigue and hardship. Two fractures were treated at the flying hospital, one received
in tearing up the road, the other in felling timber."
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SURGEON J. S. BILLINGS, U. S. A. 199
CLIV. Report on the Treatment of Diseases and Injuries in the Army of the Potomac during
1864. By Assistant Surgeon J. S. BILLINGS, IT. S. Army.
Silt : In accordance with your instructions I have the honor to submit the following report of my observations upon
the treatment adopted by the medical officers of tlie army of the Potomac for the various diseases and injuries occurring
among the troops during the spring and summer of 1864. In the majority of instances, and especially in the case of the
wounded, the patients have been sent to depot hospitals in the rear, within forty-eight hours after their entrance into the field
hospitals. The primary treatment of the sick and wounded has been furnished almost exclusivelv in the division hospitals
the regimental medical officers having been able to do but little for the serious cases. The organization of the medical staff of
these hospitals has been essentially that prescribed by Dr. Letterman, viz. : One surgeon in charge of the hospital, three operating
surgeons, each with two or three assistants, one medical officer to provide food and shelter, and one to act as recorder the
last-named officer being usually assisted by the chaplains and by one or two hospital stewards. The surgeons-in-chief of divisions
have usually made their headquarters at their field hospitals, and have thus, in part, performed the duty of the surgeon-in-chief
of the hospital. The corps of the army have almost always acted as units in the several battles, and the division hospitals
of each corps have therefore been placed together, forming a sort of corps hospital, the location of which has usually been
selected by the corps medical director and chief ambulance officer; thus removing one of the principal motives which formerly
impelled the surgeon-in-chief of division to remain at headquarters and ascertain the position of the line of battle of the
division, in order that he might place his hospital properly. Owing to the rapid and extensive movements of the army,
necessitating prompt action in the disposal of the wounded, it was necessary that the corps medical directors should be able to
find the surgeons-in-chief of divisions at any moment, which was best effected by having them all stationed at the point where the
work was to be done, viz., the hospital. The presence of the surgeons-in-chief of divisions at their hospitals has undoubtedly been
of great benefit to these institutions; but, on the other hand, there has been too little supervision of the medical officers at the
advance depots near the line of battle, and complaints that no medical officer could be found near the front when an engage
ment was going on have been frequent, and in some cases well founded. The operating surgeons have been in most cases the
surgeons-in-chief of brigades, which is equivalent to saying that they have been the medical officers who have been longest in
the service, and, as a general rule, have had the most practical experience. The habitual absence of the surgeons-in-chief of
brigades from the front has probably had more to do with the want of system complained of and has been of greater detriment
than the absence of surgeons-in-chief of divisions. During an engagement each division hospital is a general hospital, receiving
wounded from all divisions and corps if necessary. The medical officers sent to the front with their regiments formed brigade depots
in the Fifth and Sixth Corps, in the Second Corps they usually followed their regiments. In the Ninth Corps they were ordered
by the corps medical director to remain within three hundred yards of the line of battle at all times, each being behind his own
regiment, a position in which they were about as useless as they well could be. The best and most complete system in all its
parts was that adopted by Surgeon J. J. Milhau, U. S. A., medical director of the Fifth Corps, lie proceeded on the principle
that a medical officer is a general staff officer and a regimental officer only in name. The medical officers were collected in
groups behind each division, as near the front as an ambulance could be brought, and two or three ambulances stood close by
ready to move. This was called the ambulance picket. Each medical officer had a pocket case and a hospital knapsack, or
field companion. The position was protected from musketry fire, either by the nature of the ground, or bv a small breastwork
of logs and earth, thick enough to stop a rifle ball, and a small hospital flag was planted on the top. Further to the rear, in a
position as secure as possible from shell and musketry, was the ambulance picket reserve, where eight or ten ambulances were
kept in readiness. A medicine wagon was also on the spot when no engagement was going on or imminent. When one ambu
lance came in loaded, another passed out from the picket reserve to take its place. During a battle all the ambulances of the corps
were at the reserve, with the exception of those on picket, or moving to the hospitals with wounded. In this way but few
ambulances were under fire at any one time, and yet they were always ready. The labor of receiving, collecting and
transporting wounded from the front to the ambulance picket was performed by the stretcher-bearers, under the direction of the
officers of the ambulance corps. When no active operations were going on, a regular sick call was held daily at the advance
depots, and all wounded and seriously sick were sent back at once to the division hospitals, temporary dressings having first been
applied to their wounds. Very little prescribing was done. If the case required any treatment beyond a cathartic, or an opium or
quinine pill, it was usually sent at once to hospital. During a march many cases of sunstroke come under the hands of the
regimental surgeons. I have seen about forty cases of different grades of severity, from slight dizziness, with inability to walk
straight, to violent epileptiform convulsions and almost immediate death. The treatment usually adopted has been to carry
the patient into the shade, loosen the clothing about the upper part of the body, saturate the head with cold water, and
administer a small drink of whisky. In some cases a piece of lint, saturated with chloroform, was placed on the epigastrium,
producing rapid and severe counter irritation. I have seen excellent results in three cases from the administration of a drachm
of aromatic spirits of ammonia. Cases of heat apoplexy have also occurred during marches made on hot sultry summer
nights; for example, that made by the Second Corps to Deep Bottom on the 'J7th of July. The principal diseases have been
miasmatic in character, bowel affections being especially prevalent, which presented a marked remittent type, and yielded
readily to anti-periodics. A scorbutic element, complicating other diseases, was first noticed at Cool Arbor. The first decided
case of scurvy I saw, was on the 14th of June. The sufferer was a captain in the Ninth Corps. His gums were spongy and
bleeding slightly; he had been sick one week. After the army crossed the James, a number of well marked cases occurred,
and many other patients showed more or less decided symptoms. The medical officers have been prompt to recognize this
trouble, and have treated it with as good diet as was obtainable, whisky, iron and quinine, and the chlorate of potash have
also been favorite remedies. I recommended the use of small doses of permanganate of potash in two or three cases, but do
not know the results. Typhoid and typho-malarial fevers have been constantly present since the 1st of .June. \Yell marked
cases of typho-malarial fever were first observed at Cool Arbor, at the same time as the scorbutic taint mentioned above. In
these fevers, so far as I have been able to ascertain, the malarial element is always predominant at the commencement, the
200 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, 1864.
typhoid element making its appearance on the fifth or sixth day, and gradually becoming more prominent. Much uncertainty
and difference of opinion exists among the medical officers as to the diagnosis between typhoid and typho-malarial fevers, and
the statistics of these two diseases, as shown by the monthly reports of sick and wounded, will be of little or no value in
determining the relative frequency or mortality of each. The treatment adopted is nearly alike for the two diseases, and has
been usually expectant, nutritious diet and stimulants being given freely. Typho-malarial fever is very often diagnosed as
remittent fever in its commencement, and is treated as such with ten-grain doses of quinine, early in the morning, the usual time
of remission.
The character of the surgery performed in the field hospitals during the campaign has been unprecedently good.
The majority of cases have been properly dressed, and operated on, before being sent to the rear, and, for this reason, the
number of primary operations has been very great. The great majority of wounds have been caused by the conoidal ball; but
few wounds from grape or canister having been observed. The treatment of flesh wounds has been simple and uniform
consisting of a small piece of wet lint placed on the wound, or wounds, and retained in position by a turn of bandage, or slip
of plaster. The common adhesive plaster has been less frequently used than in former campaigns, partly because means of
heat are necessary to apply it properly, and partly because it is thought to be somewhat irritating to the skin, and liable to
produce erythematous inflammation. Gelatine plaster has been more largely used, and, in many cases, where formerly a
bandage would have been applied, its cleanliness, ease of application, and the facilities it affords for examining or redressing
the part being the principal arguments in its favor.
The anaesthetic commonly used has been a mixture of ether and chloroform, in the proportion of one part of the latter to
two of the former. Pure chloroform has been much used however, and several deaths have occurred from its effects.
In gunshot fractures of the cranial bones, the general practice has been to remove the fragments of bone which are
depressed, the bone gouge forceps being used to cut away enough of the sound bone, when necessary, to permit of the intro
duction of an elevator. I know of but four cases in which the trephine has been applied, and in none of them was its use
necessary. I have observed thirty-one cases in which the frontal bone was penetrated, seven of whom died within forty-eight
hours. In two of them the ball was removed from the frontal sinus, the posterior wall of which did not appear to have been
penetrated. But five cases of penetration of the occipital bone have come under my notice, two of which proved fatal within forty-
eight hours. Medical officers generally agree that wounds of the posterior part of the cranium are more immediately fatal than
those of the anterior part, and my own experience at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg is to the same effect. Stupor, delirium
and convulsions appear earlier in the former class of cases. May this not be due in part to the fact that the great sinuses, by
which the blood is conveyed from the brain, are more likely to be interfered with in a fracture of the occipital bone ? Of four
hundred and thirty-four cases of penetrating wounds of the cranium, there were one hundred and fifty-nine deaths in field
hospitals, as shown by the classified returns, being thirty-nine per centum of deaths. This includes, however, the moribund
cases, who died on the way to, or immediately after entering the hospital, and did not become subjects of treatment. Of eighty-
six cases taken consecutively from the nominal lists, twenty-eight died in the field hospitals, being thirty-three per centum, six
of the remainder died in the depot hospitals, and ten in northern hospitals, making the total known percentage of deaths to
be fifty-one.
In gunshot injuries of the facial bones, it has appeared to me that the majority of surgeons were too much disposed to
remove all fragments, forgetting the superior vitality of these bones. * ' I have seen three cases in which the whole of
one side of the lower jaw has been disarticulated and removed, an operation which, as a primary one at least, can hardly
ever be required in my opinion.
Penetrating wounds of the thorax have been, in most cases, treated like simple flesh wrounds, with the exception that
the lint is often applied dry to close the wound. A small number of cases have been hermetically sealed with collodion, by the
process of Assistant Surgeon Howard, U. S. A. This mode of treatment is regarded with disfavor by the majority of the
medical officers of this army. Those belonging to the 3d division, Second Corps, however, have adopted the method, and have
practiced it in a number of cases. I have seen two cases thus treated, and I consider it valuable when there is profuse
hemorrhage and great dyspnoea, as a primary and temporary mode of treatment. In such cases the immediate relief it affords
is marked; quiet, tranquil respiration follows, and the grave symptoms are rapidly ameliorated. The benefit gained, however,
ceases entirely when the process of suppuration has set in, a process which this mode of treatment does not at all prevent.
After the battle of Gettysburg, six cases, in which the hermetically sealing process had been practiced by Dr. Howard,
were left in the hospital of the 2d division of the Fifth Corps, of which I was at that time surgeon-in-charge. An assistant
surgeon was left by Dr. Howard to take charge of these cases, and carry out his peculiar mode of treatment, and a written
order was given by Dr. Letterman, that these cases should not be interfered with. All of these men died within eighteen days.
On two of them I had autopsies made, which revealed empyema and pleuro pneumonia. In neither case had the sealed wounds
healed. In one case a fragment of woollen shirt lay in the cavity of the chest. The results of this mode of treatment cannot
be obtained in the field hospitals ; and when the cases get to the rear, I think most surgeons remove the hermetical dressings,
when suppuration sets in, and allow the pus to escape by its natural outlet. Of the operation of tapping for empyema, proposed
by Dr. Howard in these cases, I know of but one instance, and that proved fatal. While the hermetical closure of the wound
has good effects at first, as I have before stated, yet that part of the process which consists in paring the edges of the wound,
merely inflicts useless pain on the patient. Practically, a little dry lint applied to the wound soon forms a hermetical closure,
and answers every purpose, especially, if, as in most cases, the haemorrhage is but slight. * * Of eight hundred and fifty-
eight cases of penetrating wounds of the thorax, as reported by the classified returns, two hundred and ninety-five died in the
field hospitals, being a mortality of thirty-four per centum. This percentage, like that of wounds of the cranium, is erroneous,
and for the same reason. Of two hundred and seventeen cases taken consecutively from the nominal lists, fifty-four died in
field hospitals, making the mortality twenty-five per centum. Eight of the remaining cases died at the depot hospitals, and ten
in northern hospitals, making the total known mortality to be thirty-three per centum.
Of six hundred and fifty-four cases of penetrating wounds of the abdomen, reported by classified returns, three hundred
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SURGEON J. S. BILLINGS, U. S. A. 201
and twenty-six died in field hospitals, making a mortality of fifty-five per centum. The number of deaths from this form of
injury has been thirty-four per centum of the whole number of deaths in field hospitals. The treatment has consisted in
returning the viscera, if protruded, and applying simple dressings. In these cases, I have seen the wound hermetically sealed
with collodion, and I would recommend the practice. When the protrusion consists of a small knuckle of omentum only,
some medical officers prefer to leave it in situ to act as a natural plug for the wound.
The mode of treatment adopted in gunshot fractures of the long bones has varied som-what with different surgeons, but
the general practice has been either to amputate at once, or to remain content with removing such fragments as were completely
separated, and then to apply splints. Formal resections of portions of the shafts of long bones have seldom been performed,
and the larger number of operating surgeons condemn such operations as dangerous and useless. The tendency to operative
interference in such cases has, however, in my opinion, been too great. I do not mean that amputation has been too much
resorted to. Indeed the error in this respect has certainly been in the opposite direction, viz. : attempting to preserve limbs
which should properly have been removed; but when it has been decided to preserve the limb, too much stress has, in many
cases, been laid on the necessity of the careful removal of every splinter or fragment of bone, even if not displaced and still
firmly attached to the periosteum. This has often required long incisions and much disturbance of the soft parts. I have seen
number of these operations performed. The instruments used were generally the bone gouge and sequestrum forceps; and
strength, instead of skill, seemed to be the chief requisite.
When a conoidal ball passes through a long bone, the tibia for instance, in its middle third, there will usually be from two
to four large fragments, and from three to six smaller ones. Two of the large fragments will, generally, be but slightly displaced ;
they will, in fact, rather be fissured than broken off, and one extremity will be held in close apposition to the unfractured
bone by periosteum, and ligamentous expansions of the origin of muscular fibres or attachment of intermuscular fascia.
These large fragments should not be disturbed. They will not usually lose their vitality, and they will act as centres for the
effusion of new bony material. The smaller fragments, which are usually derived from that part of the bone receiving the
impact of the ball, will be entirely separated and much displaced, often lying across the axis of the limb, and these are the
fragments which should be removed. An incision of two inches in length will be sufficient for this purpose, and a pair of
dressing forceps will afford sufficient power. The argument usually used by those surgeons who remove all the fragments is, that
they leave the periosteum, and that this will produce new bone. But why force the periosteum to reproduce that which, if left,
it could much more easily nourish? It is proper to mention in this place a method of treating these fractures, introduced by
Assistant Surgeon Howard, U. S. A., of which I have seen two or three cases. This consists in fastening the broken ends
together by means of silver wire passed through holes made in the bone with a drill, all fragments having first been removed
In the majority of cases the rough ends are to be sawed off in such a manner that the plane of the section may be at an angle
of forty-five degrees to the axis of the bone. Two or three wires are then passed through, perpendicular to the axis of the
bone, and made fast. The possible good to be derived from this operation is twofold, according to Dr. Howard's views : First,
the securing immobility of the fractured bone; second, the irritation of the wires causing bone material to be thrown out. The
immobility obtained may, in most instances, be nearly perfect, if the operation be properly performed. The disadvantages are
simply the dangers arising from a formal resection in continuity of the shaft of a long bone.
I have seen two cases treated in this manner : one of fracture of the humerus, the other of the femur ; death
occurred in the latter case. I do not consider the operation as one to be recommended, nor is it generally approved of by
medical officers.
Three forms of splints for fracture of the femur have been used : First, the long straight splint, made from a piece of board
or fence paling; second, Smith's anterior splint, the suspension being effected from the top of the ambulance, when the patient
was sent to depot hospital ; third, the double inclined plane, made of pieces of a hard-bread box, or of Smith's anterior splint,
placed posteriorly. The method mostly preferred is the long straight splint, the uninjured limb being used as a secondary
splint on the opposite side. 1 have seen two cases in which straw splints, and two in which splints made of small pine boughs
bound into a kind of fascine by a roll of bandage, were used. These were easily adapted to the limb, and were very comfortable.
I have also seen some exceedingly ingenious splints, for fractures of the upper extremity, made from small boughs.
Of six hundred and sixty-eight fractures of the femur reported by the classified returns, one hundred and ninety-two
were of the upper, two hundred and forty-two of the middle, and two hundred and twenty-four of the lower third ; seventy-seven
of these died in field hospitals, being a mortality of twelve per centum. Amputation was performed in three hundred and thirty-
seven cases, or rather more than half of the whole number. This proportion of amputations is, however, incorrect, because
many amputations of the lower third of the thigh, for wounds of the knee joint, are included in it. Of one hundred and eighty,
four cases taken consecutively from the nominal lists, eighty-one were of the right femur, seventy-nine of the left, and twenty-four
not specified. Amputation was performed in eighty-one cases, or forty-four per centum, which is about the correct proportion.
The number of deaths in field hospital was twenty-one, or twelve per centum, the same as that given above. Five of the remainder
are known to have died in depot hospital and nineteen in northern hospitals, making the total known mortality to be twenty-
four per centum.
In cases of penetrating wounds of the joints, the practice has varied greatly with different surgeons. For instance, in
penetrating wounds of the knee joint, amputation is performed in every case in some hospitals; in others, it is only performed
where there is fracture of the bony structures. The figures given by the classified returns are valueless as regards this form
of injury. Thus, of five hundred and thirty-two cases reported by them, amputation is mentioned as performed in seventy
cases only, with five deaths in field hospital. Of one hundred and six cases taken consecutively from the nominal lists, forty-one
were amputated. The cause of these errors in the classified returns is given in part in the remarks on amputation of the thigh.
It is probable that primary amputation lias been performed in about one-half of the cases of injury of the knee joint. The
operation is usually performed at the junction of the middle and lower thirds of the thigh, through the medullary cavity, a
method which is, in my opinion, faulty. The section can almost always be made below the termination of the medullary canal.
The advantages gained by this method need hardly be specified. Amputation through the knee joint has very seldom been
practiced. 1 know of but tour cases, in two of which it was performed by Assistant Surgeon (ieovge M. MctJill, I'. S. A.
202 APPENDED DOCUMENTS AEMY OF THE POTOMAC, 1865.
Even in cases of wounds of the upper portion of the tibia, amputation is usually performed through the lower third of the
femur. The mode of operation used by Dr. McGill was as follows : The anterior flap contained the patella ; the posterior flap
was long, and made by cutting from without inward. The cartilage and synovial membrane were not disturbed. In one case,
the ball was found slightly imbedded in the external condyle, having entered from the joint aspect. It was removed by an
elevator, and its bed scooped out. In this case union took place very rapidly, and when the man was sent away from the army
he was apparently well. After reaching a northern hospital, sloughing phagedsena attacked the stump. A second amputation
was performed at the lower third of femur, and death soon followed.
A number of cases of excision of the shoulder and elbow joints have come under my observation. The cases have almost
all been well selected, and the operations skilfully performed. The straight incision over the anterior portion of the joint has
been the method generally used for the shoulder. *
I know of but three cases in which excision of the hip joint was performed. Two of the patients died within four days.
The third case, I have been unable to trace. ; * The method of amputation almost universally preferred is either the
circular, or very short skin flaps, with a circular cut through the muscles.
A very large number of wounds of the palm of the hand and of the fingers have been observed. In many of them the
skin was blackened with powder, and the injury was probably self inflicted. The usual cause alleged is the accidental
discharge of their own or a comrade's musket. Amputation of the injured fingers, in such cases, has been usually performed
without the use of an anaesthetic.
Of wounds of large arteries, there have been between ten and twenty cases. Two cases of ligation of the femoral have
been seen by me, both were doing well when sent to the rear.
The Nelaton probe has been used freely by many surgeons, and I have seen several cases in which it proved of the
greatest service in detecting the presence of a ball embedded in bone. I have also seen two cases in which a lead pencil,
having an ivory head, was used for the same purpose, and with perfect success. I consider the probe as a valuable addition to
the surgical armamentarium, and would respectfully recommend that one be added to every pocket case. The instruments
furnished to surgeons have usually been of excellent quality, and have been kept in good order. In the bustle and confusion
around an operating table, it often happens that surgical needles get mislaid and lost, and I would respectfully suggest that an
extra supply of needles should be among the stores kept for issue by the medical purveyor. All these needles should be
triangular, and the greater number of them straight.
The nominal lists of wounded contain undoubtedly many errors of diagnosis, and are often very incomplete; but when
the circumstances under which they are made out are taken into consideration, the wonder will be that they are as perfect as
they are. From five hundred to one thousand wounded men are often brought into a division hospital, within four or six
hours. They come in from all sides and select, often, their own places if they are slightly wounded, preferring to pitch their
own shelter tents on the outskirts of the hospital. Had the recorder all the data before him, he could not make out nominal
lists for more than six hundred per day ; but he is expected to examine each case, and often to wait until dressings are removed.
Of course, he must usually take the statements of the patients themselves; the chaplains and hospital stewards who assist
always do this. In some hospitals each patient, as soon as recorded, is marked with a small strip of bandage tied into his
button hole, that none may be counted twice. The column in the blank nominal lists marked " Nature of Injury," is differently
filled out by different surgeons, some simply use the terms "slight" and "severe" to describe all wounds, whether flesh or
fractures, penetrating or parietal; and thus, when the classified return is made up, a severe flesh wound of the thigh will often
be set dowp as a fracture. The most complete nominal lists furnished have been from the 4th division hospital, Fifth Corps ;
the most incomplete from the 1st division, Fifth Corps, and from the Cavalry Corps. The greatest amount of suffering to the
wounded has occurred, necessarily, during their transit from the field to the depot hospital. Army wagons have, necessarily,
been much used, and the distance travelled has usually been ten and twenty miles, the patients on several occasions remaining
from twenty-four to forty-eight hours in the wagons. The field hospitals have, at all times, had ample supplies, with the
exception, in some instances, of bedding and hospital clothing. After the army crossed the James river these hospitals became
much more permanent, and their comfort was, of course, largely increased. My personal observations among the field hospitals
ceased after the 1st of July, after which time I was confined to my tent by illness. I have notes, more or less complete, of
about one hundred cases of factures, etc., but they present no points of very special interest; the general result of the whole I
have embodied in my report. Want of time during the active part of the campaign, to make any extended professional
observations must be my excuse for the incompleteness of this report.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JOHN S. BILLINGS, Assistant Surf/con, U. S. A.
Surgeon THOS. A. McPAKLix, U. S. A., Medical Director.
CLV. Rejwrt of the Medical Director of the Army of the Potomac, from January 1, 1865,
to the Close of the War. By Surgeon THOMAS A. McPARUN, U. S. Army.
209, G STKEET, WASHINGTON, D. C., August 21, 1865.
GENERAL : In January this army was composed of the Second, Fifth, Sixth and Ninth Corps, the Second Cavalry Division,
the Artillery Reserve, the Provost Marshal General's Brigade, the Engineer Brigade and the Signal Corps. The troops were
comfortably quartered for the season, so far as compatible with their duties and position in the line of works investing Petersburg
and confronting the army of Northern Virginia. No important movement occurred during the month of January. During
December, 1864, the supply of fresh vegetables ceased. This deprivation continued so long that, in March, the subject was
brought to the attention of the commanding general. On April 29th, the medical inspector of the Second Corps officially
repoi-ted the supply of vegetables to be inadequate to preserve a proper standard of health in the command, citing the prevalence
of diarrhoea of an obstinate and exhausting character as attributable to this circumstance. It should be remarked that the
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR McPARLIN. 203
deficiency of fresh vegetables was attributed by the subsistence department to want of transportation. On the 13th of January,
it was recommended that cooking by companies be enforced and attention re-invited to existing orders requiring it (General
Orders No. 52, Headquarters Army of the Potomac, May 15, 1863). On the 24th of January the rebel fleet came down from
Richmond to the lower end of Dutch Gap Canal, but after suffering the loss of one of its vessels, exploded by a shell from our
batteries on the right bank of the James river, the fleet steamed back. I had taken measures from the original occupancv of
the depot to have the supplies of the medical purveyor kept afloat and ready for movement should any contingency require it.
Preparations for a military operation were made early in February, and it became necessary to clear the field hospitals and
commands of all who were unable to participate in it. Over two thousand were sent down to the depot hospital in thirty-six
hours, chiefly at night, the railroad conducting its ordinary business in the meantime. On the 5th of February, the movement
to Dabney's mills and Hatcher's Run began. The 2d cavalry dh ision moving by Reams's Station and Rowarity Creek made
a demonstration toward Dinwiddie Court-house, returning by Rowanty and the Boydtown and Vaughan roads, to guard the
extreme left of our line, which had been advanced by the Second Corps and extended by the Fifth Corps, which cooperated
on the left of the Second. Two divisions of the Sixth Corps were in reserve and ready to support when required. I have no
data by which to detail the operations which followed, and will briefly state that the Second and Fifth Corps were attacked by
the enemy ; that the Fifth lost some of the ground over which it had advanced, but that a permanent position in advance was
maintained and the lines extended two or three miles to the left. Roads were corduroyed and the railroad extended corres
pondingly to the left. The wounded were not very far from their established division hospitals, and after receiving necessary
surgical attention were sent from Patrick Station, very promptly, by rail to City Point. The following number of wounded were
admitted to field hospital, and afterward sent to depot hospital from this movement, between February 5th and 9th : Admitted
to corps hospitals: Second Corps, eighty; Fifth Corps, six hundred and eighty-one; Sixth Corps, ten; 2d division of cavalry,
seventy-seven; total, eight hundred and forty-eight. Admitted to depot hospital at City Point, eight hundred and twenty-eight.
In March orders were issued requiring the division hospitals to be kept clear of sick and wounded who would be in the way
in case of any sudden movement. On my application hospital cars were placed on the military railroad, greatly improving the
mode of transporting sick and wounded to City Point. In view of the importance and magnitude of the approaching opera
tions, and of possible cooperative movements by other armies, the attention of the commanding general was invited in
February to the propriety of having a reserve train of ambulances kept by the quartermaster's department from which
deficiencies in the corps trains might be promptly filled, and subject to my order whenever emergency might demand. The
application did not receive favorable action. A material reduction was unexpectedly announced, at this time, in the number of
army wagons authorized for the medical and hospital department. Much property was therefore turned in before the campaign
commenced, but it became necessary afterward to throw out and abandon many articles, as the rains of March 29th and 30th
made the roads for a time impassable for heavily laden wagons. The proper subsistence of officers and their servants in field
hospitals and the best mode of avoiding possible abuses, had attracted my attention, and some diversity of management was
tolerated for a few months in order to arrive at a correct system. I became convinced, finally, that no charges should be made
against wounded officers, and that their admission and continuance in field hospitals should be encouraged. At the same time
they should be required to furnish a ration, which recent legislation and orders had authorized and facilitated. The circular of
March 24th was therefore issued. In March I caused the regimental surgeons and assistant surgeons, on duty in the depot
hospitals at City Point, to be returned to their regiments in the field, replacing them by contract physicians who \vere sent to
me by the Surgeon General. Although all able-bodied soldiers, detailed as attendants at the depot hospital, had been replaced
by musicians, their commanders still made frequent applications for the relief of their detailed bandsmen, drummers, buglers,
etc. It became therefore desirable to have the services of hired nurses or of numbers of the veteran reserve corps for duty in
the hospital. After consultation with the assistant adjutant general, the subject was brought to the attention of the Surgeon
General, but reliable contract nurses were difficult to obtain and the great demand upon the veteran reserve corps for nurses,
cooks, etc., for general hospitals, precluded any detail for the depot hospitals at City Point. Had a hospital corps been properly
organized during the war, I am persuaded that good material would have been attracted to it and the public service would have
been greatly benefitted thereby. The sick and wounded need seldom have passed out of the hands of the medical department
until they reached the depot of the army again, and many thousands who entered the convalescent camps and rendezvouses to be
detained, and in many cases lost to the fighting force, could have been, to a great extent, directly returned to their commands
for duty. March 25th, at half past four A. M., the enemy assaulted the front of the Ninth Corps in force, moving in three columns,
one sweeping to the left toward battery 9, and one to the right on Fort Haskell, while the Third moved forward directly toward
Fort Steadman. Assistant Surgeon S. Adams, in the appended report, describes the operation of the medical department
during this affair. At the same time the enemy attacked the front of the Second Corps, but was repulsed. The Second Corps
had four hundred and forty-four wounded who were attended to and forwarded to depot hospital at City Point by noon of the
following day. After the disaster sustained by the enemy in the Fort Steadman affair, comparative quiet was obtained for a
brief period. But after three days of preparation, during which three divisions from the army of the James were brought over
to cooperate and the 2d division of cavalry was detached to report to General Sheridan, the grand campaign of 1865 was
inaugurated.
The operations of the medical department of the cavalry from January 1st to the 28th of March, are described in the
accompanying report of the surgeon-in-chief, Assistant Surgeon E. J. Marsh, U. S. A. The positions of the several corps on
the 29th of March were as follows extending westward from the Appomattox : The Ninth Corps; the Sixth Corps; the two newly
joined divisions of the Eighteenth Corps, and the 1st division of the Twenty-fourth Corps, from the army of the James; the
Second Corps and the Fifth Corps. The cavalry under General Sheridan was operating near Dinwiddie Court-house on the
extreme left. The depot hospital at City Point was accessible by railroad from as far westward as Humphrey's Station, near
the Second and Fiftli Corps camps and field hospitals, and convenient, by intermediate stations, with all the other corps. The
medical purveying depot maintained a constant battle-field supply in thirty-six wagons at the front, which parked and advanced
with the geneial headquarter train. The subjoined memorandum of dates and occurrences, as an outline of the campaign, may
204 APPENDED DOCUMENTS AEMY OF THE POTOMAC, 18(15.
be referred to in connection with the accompanying detailed descriptions and reports. March 29th, Fifth Corps engaged on the
Quaker road. March 30th, Fifth Corps engaged on the White Oak road. Second Corps advancing, shortens and straightens
its line. General Sheridan's cavalry engage the enemy near Dinwiddie Court-house. March 31st, Fifth Corps and Miles's
division of the Second Corps engaged the enemy in the afternoon. In the morning it rained very heavily. April 1st, the cavalry
of General Sheridan and Filth Corps detached from the army of the Potomac, defeat the enemy at Five Forks. April 2d,
^eneral assault before daylight on the enemy's lines and works defending Petersburg. The Sixth and Ninth Corps break the
lines, driving the enemy and making Petersburg untenable. Petersburg and Richmond evacuated April 3d. Pursuit of the
army of Northern Virginia retreating toward Danville. April 4th, pursuit of army of Northern Virginia continued. April
5th, pursuit continued. At Jetersville, the cavalry had a slight affair, holding the enemy. The Second Corps come up and
take position for attack. The enemy withdraw in the night. April 6th, battle of Sailors' Creek, in which the cavalry and the
Sixth Corps were engaged, resulting in the surrender of Ewell and other Confederate generals with several thousand prisoners.
April 7th, pursuit and skirmishes with the enemy toward High Bridge, Farmville and beyond. April 8th, the enemy retreating
toward Lynchburg on the road from Farmville toward Appomattox Court-house, is checked in front on the 9th of April by
the divisions of the army of the James, under General Ord, the Fifth Corps under General Griffin, and the cavalry ; the whole
under command of General Sheridan. General Meade having the Second and Sixth Corps massed, and pressing against the
enemy's rear for attack, received a request for cessation of hostilities with a view to surrender. Terms of surrender of the
army of Northern Virginia to General Grant were arranged and announced in the afternoon.
The reports of the medical directors of the Second and Fifth Corps, and of the medical inspectors of the Second, Fifth
and Ninth Corps, of the ambulance officer of the Second Corps, and of the inspector at army headquarters, describe in so full
and interesting a manner the operations of the medical department during the campaign that it is unnecessary for me to do
more than to refer to these papers which are appended. After the capture of Petersburg the chief medical officer of the depot
hospital was ordered to push forward to the most advanced depot of the army, to which railroad facilities were extended, a sub-
depot field hospital to receive and care for wounded until they could be transported to City Point. For this purpose a train
was ordered on the 3d, and started on the 7th of April with twenty-five medical officers, two hundred hospital tent flies, together
with dressings and food for four days for twenty-five hundred wounded. Three hospital stewards and one hundred detailed
men accompanied the train, taking axes, spades, cooking utensils and necessary articles for organizing a movable depot hospital,
designed more especially to afford temporary food, shelter, medical supplies and attendance for the wounded. It was my design
to have this advance hospital move along the railroad with the general depot at the front, but the brevity and decisive character
of the campaign made it unnecessary to carry it beyond Burke's Station, where it was discontinued April 30th, after an existence
of eighteen days. The chief medical officer at City Point had been instructed, March 28th, to be prepared to expand his
hospitals to the utmost capacity at short notice, to send off in hospital transports as many of the cases as were proper for general
hospital, and, upon the contingency of a great battle, to telegraph to the Surgeon General for additional facilities for transportation.
The wounded of the Second and Fifth Corps during the extension of our lines to the left, March 29th, 30th and 31st, numbered
fifteen hundred and fifty-five; they were received on the field at Spain's house, Quaker church, the "Chimneys" and the division
hospitals near the Cumming's house. The regular division hospitals of the Sixth and Ninth Corps were not moved until after
the army had captured Petersburg and started west in pursuit of the army of Northern Virginia. In the actions around
Dinwiddie and Five Forks the wounded of the cavalry and Fifth Corps, three hundred and eighty-two in number, were sent to the
Methodist church field hospital April 1st, and thence by ambulances and wagons in great part to Humphrey's Station, on the
railroad; the remainder accompanied the Fifth Corps and were sent to Sutherland Station, on the South-side railroad, ten
miles from Petersburg. On the request of the medical director of the cavalry, I directed that the wounded of General Sheridan's
command should be received in the cavalry corps hospital, under the direction of the chief medical officer of the depot hospital
at City Point, and subsequently I gave authority for the admission of wounded from the cavalry into any of the corps hospitals
at the front. I believe that in this way the cavalry was disencumbered and its movements facilitated under the arrangements
already made. While the system in use enabled me readily to accord the facilities desired, it could have been expanded even
beyond these requirements. The number of wounded during the general assault upon the forts and works before Petersburg,
April 2d, \vas nineteen hundred and seventy-two; they were received in the regular division hospitals of the Sixth and Ninth
Corps. The wounded of General Miles's division of the Second Corps, on the same day, numbered two hundred and seventy-
two. They were received at Moody's house, near Five Forks. The rebel wounded found in Petersburg April 3d, were allowed
to remain in the confederate general hospital under charge of their own surgeons, and generally throughout the campaign they
were moved .as little as possible until they were able to be paroled and sent home. I desired for many reasons to have our own
wounded kept out of Petersburg, and as ample accommodations and comforts were prepared at City Point, the}' were ordered
to be sent there without delay, to be transferred northward as soon as possible. Several days elapsed before the railroad from
City Point was available beyond Petersburg, and it was necessary to repair and change the gauge of the railroad from
Petersburg toward Danville, April 7th. When it was completed as far as Wilson's Station, the sub-depot hospital was moved
to that point and received several hundred wounded, chiefly from the cavalry of General Sheridan. The wounded from the
operations around Jetersville, Amelia Springs, Sailors' Creek, High Bridge, Farmville and beyond were sent from those places,
and from the Brooks and Vaughan houses and Appomattox Court-house to Burke's Station, after April 6th. T he presence of the
Ninth Corps at that place made it convenient and proper to receive the wounded in the division hospitals of that corps, established
as a depot for wounded, until the sub-depot hospital could be brought up. This was then at Wilson's Station. The medical
purveyor's train was at Burke's Station and ready to supply whatever was required at the depot or at the front. For this last
purpose it passed on to Farmville on the 9th of April. About two thousand wounded and five hundred sick were received at
Burke's Station from the different corps. The sub-depot hospital established by Surgeon Bendell received, from April 9th to 30th,
six hundred and sixty sick, and one hundred and ninety-two wounded. Of these, five died, and eight hundred and thirty-eight
were sent by railroad to the hospital at City Point. The ambulance train of the Ninth Corps and the captured ambulances and
empty wagons were used in addition to the other ambulance trains in the collection and transfer of wounded from the battle-
REPOKT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR McPAELIN. 205
fields, of which Burke' s Station was the depot. After the surrender of the army of Northern Virginia, several hundred Confed
erate wounded, and those of our own men whom it was improper to move, at Farmville, were cared for in a most comfortable
hospital there. Surgeon Blackwood, Surgeon Evans and Surgeon Wolf, U. S. V., acted as chief medical officers. The
latter remained after the army of the Potomac marched towards Alexandria. The wounded of all corps and services
were received and thoroughly cared for. The last of our wounded were sent down from Burke's Station April 13th, to City
Point, but scattering cases continued to be received in depot hospitals at City Point, until April '20th. April 30th, I ordered the
assistant medical purveyor to discontinue the sub-depot at Burke's Station, and proceed with train and supplies to City Point
and report to Medical Purveyor Brinton. The Sixth Corps was then at Danville, where it remained some time. Other corps
of the army marched for Alexandria early in May. The depot hospital, army of the Potomac, at City Point, was ordered to
be reduced twenty-five hundred beds, April 30th, to be moved to Alexandria, May 4th, and to be finally discontinued May 25tli.
After the cases had been disposed of by transfer to general hospital in Washington and Alexandria for discharge from service,
the establishment ceased to exist. The purveying depot, which was reduced in May, was discontinued and the property turned
in at Washington in June. The contracts of acting assistant and acting staff surgeons were cancelled upon the breaking up
of the army. On the 30th of June, 1865, the army of the Potomac ceased to exist as an organization.
Of the fund in my hand accruing from tax on the sales of newspapers in the army of the Potomac, I have applied to the
purchase of luxuries for the hospitals and necessary articles for the transaction of the business of the medical department since
last report, five thousand and seventy dollars and thirty-five cents. The amount received since January 1, 1865, has been six
thousand three hundred and eighty-four dollars. On hand December 31, 1864, per last report, nine thousand and twenty-five
dollars and thirty-nine cents. The balance remaining in my hands upon the breaking up of the army of the Potomac, June
29, 1865, was, therefore, ten thousand three hundred and thirty-nine dollars and four cents. This balance, pursuant to
proceedings and recommendation of the board appointed by Special Order No. 163, headquarters army of the Potomac, and
approved by the commanding general, was turned over by me, July 1, 1865, to the Surgeon General in trust, to be made a
donation from the army of the Potomac to the National Asylum created by the act of Congress approved March 3, 1865.
The strength of the medical department and ambulance corps for the period embraced in this report has been as follows :
Medical officers — January, five hundred and four; February, five hundred and twenty-two; March, five hundred and ten;
April, four hundred and twenty-one ; May, four hundred and nine ; June, two hundred and thirty-eight. Hospital stewards
(not including regimental stewards) — January, thirty-nine; February, forty; March., forty-two; April, thirty-six; May,
thirty-six ; June, thirty-two. Ambulance corps (present) — January, forty-three officers and one thousand nine hundred and
seven men; February, forty-four officers and one thousand six hundred and eighty-one men; March, forty-four officers and
one thousand six hundred and eighty-nine men ; April, thirty-three officers and one thousand four hundred and fifteen men ;
May, thirty-four officers and one thousand three hundred and thirty men.
The following statement, showing the number of sick and wounded during the half year ending June 30, 1865, is
obtained by the consolidation of the monthly reports of sick and wounded: Remaining, December 31, 1864. in field hospitals,
two thousand five hundred and sixty, in depot hospital, twTo thousand eight hundred and ninety-five, in northern general
hospitals, (approximate number,) seventeen thousand eight hundred and sixteen; taken sick and wounded, from January 1
to June 30, 1865, seventy-five thousand four hundred and eighteen ; returned to the army from furlough and desertion, two
hundred and fifteen ; aggregate to be accounted for, ninety-eight thousand nine hundred and four. Of this number there were
returned to duty, from field hospitals, fifty-seven thousand and thirty-seven, from depot hospital, twelve thousand one hundred
and ninety-two, from northern hospitals, four thousand nine hundred and forty-nine; transferred to the veteran reserve corps,
eight hundred and sixty; discharged the service, from field hospitals, six hundred and eighty-three, from depot hospital,
ninety-three, from northern hospitals, five thousand one hundred and twenty-two; deserted, five hundred and twelve; died
in the field, six hundred and fifty-five, in depot hospital, five hundred and seventy-two, in northern hospitals, one thousand
five hundred and eighteen ; furloughed from depot and field hospitals, six hundred and one ; remaining, June 30th, in regimental
hospitals, one thousand six hundred and fifty-two, in northern hospitals, (approximate number,) twenty-two thousand four
hundred and fifty-eight.
In accordance with general orders, those remaining in general hospital whose physical condition will permit are to be
discharged the service at as early a period as practicable. The reports show that twenty-six thousand two hundred and
forty-four patients were received at the depot hospital at City Point during the six months, while the regimental reports of the
army of the Potomac only show seventeen thousand six hundred and seventy-three sent to the general hospital. This apparent
discrepancy is attributable to the fact that the depot hospital at City Point admitted the sick and wounded of the other
cooperative armies, from which I received no regimental reports. The number is moreover larger than it would otherwise
have been, because many men who were unable to accompany their commands upon the return march to the Potomac, who
under other circumstances would not have been detached from their regiments, were sent to City Point to be transported by
water. The number sent north from City Point was fifteen thousand six hundred and six. The difference between the number
reported as sent to general hospital on the regimental reports and the actual number received at City Point during the month
of January, was ninety-four; February, nine hundred and three ; March, one thousand three hundred and sixty-five; April,
five thousand six hundred and eleven ; May. nine hundred and twenty-eight. These figures show that the principal discrep
ancies occurred during the period of most active operations, and from the cause above stated. In this connection it may be
remarked that the number of gunshot wounds in the army of the Potomac from January to June 30, 1865, according to the
monthly reports, was six thousand eight hundred and thirty-three, whereas the number of gunshot wounds actually admitted
at City Point, wa-i nine thousand one hundred and thirty-seven. The number of wounds and injuries (Class V) reported as
admitted to the Held hospitals of the army during the same period, was nine thousand nine hundred and fifty-nine. The number
of wounds and injuries (Class V) admitted at City Point from January 1st to May 31st. according to inspector's reports from
this and other armies, was eleven thousand three hundred and ninety-five. With an army in campaign, errors and omissions
are to be expected in the reports. The present, however, art- more complete and correct than I anticipated, inasmuch as many
206 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, 1865.
regiments and officers were mustered out of service, and changes of organization rapidly made, especially during the period
intervening between the return of the army to the Potomac and its dissolution.
The operations of the ambulance corps have been such as to reflect credit upon the officers charged with its command,
and to demonstrate how essential such an establishment is to the efficiency of the medical department and of the line of the
army. An army that has witnessed its beneficial provisions is prepared to appreciate the justice and wisdom of committing to
the medical department trusts and powers in some degree commensurate with the duties imposed.
I desire to invite the special attention of the commanding general to the successful management of the affairs entrusted
to them by the following officers, viz.: Lieutenant Colonel Charles Page, medical director Second Corps, formerly the assistant,
and, at times, acting medical director of this anny ; Lieutenant Colonel S. A. Holman, medical director Sixth Corps ; Lieutenant
Colonel T. R. Spencer, medical director Fifth Corps; Lieutenant Colonel E. B. Dalton, medical director Ninth Corps; Surgeon
G. B. Parker, successor of Surgeon Dalton as chief medical officer of the depot hospital at City Point, and Assistant Surgeon
J. B. Brinton, medical purveyor of the army. To my immediate assistants, Surgeon J. A. Lidell, U. S. V., inspector of the
medical and hospital department of this army, and Assistant Surgeon J. Sim Smith, U. S. A., attending surgeon at head
quarters, I am indebted for valuable assistance in the discharge of the special duties committed to them. Assistant Surgeon
E. J. Marsh, U. S. A., Second Cavalry Division, was transferred to the command of General Sheridan the day preceding the
commencement of the campaign. He has performed all his duties, while under my direction, with signal ability.
In closing this report of the last campaign of the army of the Potomac, I desire to acknowledge the cordial cooperation
which has been extended to me by the chiefs of the staff departments of this army, and the agreeable relations which have
been continued throughout eighteen months of duty as its medical director. The medical officers, generally, animated by high
personal, professional and patriotic motives, have manifested a practical skill and great devotion to duty. My anxieties and
responsibilities, lightened by their labors, have now ceased with the success of our military operations, and I experience the
pride of past membership with them in the veteran army.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
T. A. McPARLIN,
Surgeon and Brevet Colonel U. S. A., late Medical Director Army of the Potomac.
To THK SuiifiKOx GENERAL OF THE ARMY.
CLVI. Extracts from the, Report of the Medical Inspector of t/ie Army of the Potomac for
March and April, 1865. By Surgeon J. A. LIDELL, U. S. Volunteers.
* * * "On the 26th of March, the depot field hospital at City Point, which already had a capacity of five thousand
nine hundred and thirty-five beds, was ordered to be enlarged one thousand beds, making it capable- of accommodating, in
round numbers, seven thousand patients. On the 28th, a medical purveyor's train of thirty-six wagons, loaded with extra
battle-field supplies, such as stimulants, nutrients, dressings for wounded, anodynes, haemostatics, etc., in charge of Assistant
Surgeon D. R. Beaver, 191st Pennsylvania, was brought up from City Point to the headquarters of the army for the purpose
of accompanying the reserve train, and thus being at hand to supply any unexpected drain upon the resources of the division
and brigade supplies during the progress of the campaign about to commence. Moreover, the medical purveyor at City Point,
Assistant Surgeon J. B. Brinton, U. S. A., was directed to keep constantly on hand, at that place, all the medical and hospital
supplies which would be needed by ten or twelve thousand wounded thrown unexpectedly on our hands. * * Due attention
had also been paid to the subject of transportation, as the following abstract from the consolidated return of the ambulance
corps will serve to show: Number of ambulances on hand, five hundred and twenty-five; army wagons, one hundred and
fifty-four; medicine wagons, fifty-five; forges, sixteen; horses, one thousand six hundred and sixty-six ; mules, nine hundred
and ninety-four ; stretchers, nine hundred and seventy -nine. The ambulance corps, at this time, consisted of forty-four officers
and eighteen hundred and sixty-eight men. It may be added, that the condition and discipline of the ambulance service was
efficient and satisfactory in every respect.
On the 28th of March, all the sick and wounded of the division hospitals, and all men unable to march were sent to the
depot hospital at City Point. In the evening the evacuation of the field hospitals was complete, and those of the Second and
Fifth Corps were loaded up and ready for the march. Those of the Sixth and Ninth Corps remained as before, as no material
change in the position of these corps had yet been ordered. On Wednesday the 29th, the campaign begun. At an early hour,
the Fifth Corps moved to Rowanty Creek, near the Perkins house, laid bridges and crossed the creek. The head of the column
crossed over at eight o'clock A. M., passed up the old stage road to its junction with the Vaughan road, and thence along the
Vaughan road to its intersection with the Quaker road. Griffin's division followed the Vaughan road a mile and a half farther,
while AyiWs division, which had been in the advance all the morning, proceeded up the Quaker road a short distance to the
neighborhood of the Vaughan house. The Second Corps moved at a later hour than the Fifth, as its projected line of movement
was much shorter. It crossed Hatcher's Run by the Vaughan road bridge, passed down the Vaughan road, and established a
connection with the Fifth Corps, a little before noon. Both of these corps were in light marching order. They were accom
panied by one half their ambulances, with one medicine wagon, and one army wagon for each division. The rest of their
ambulances and wagons were parked with the reserve train of the army, by General Meade's orders. Each division of the
Second Corps was directed to be followed closely by six, and each division of the Fifth Corps by ten ambulances. The
remainder of the ambulances moving with each corps, accompanied the artillery and ammunition trains in the rear. Shortly
after noon, Griffin's division moved up the Quaker road, passed the old Quaker burying ground, and met the enemy in force
near a farm house, where a sharp combat ensued. The firing began at thirty-five minutes after four o'clock P. M., and lasted
about twenty minute.-. The action wus maintained principally by the infantry, and at close quarters. The enemy used no
REPORT OF SURGEON J. A. UDELL, U. S. V. 207
artillery, and were driven back. The ambulances were quickly brought to the front. The division hospital was established at
the Spring house, near the Quaker road, about half a mile in rear of the place of combat, and two hundred and eighty-seven
wounded, including fourteen rebels, were promptly brought to it. I noticed that many of the wounds were severe, involving
bones or some of the larger articulations, and that a larger proportion than usual required capital operations. After the combat,
Griffin's division, supported by Ayres's and Crawford's, pushed forward to the Boydton plank road, which it held that night.
During the afternoon, the Second Corps also advanced toward the Boydton road. At night, the position of our troops was as
follows: the Fifth Corps on the left, holding the Boydton road, the Second Corps connecting with it on the right, and stretching
across the intervening space to Hatcher's Run; then extending from the opposite bank of Hatcher's Run, a part of the army of
the James, under General Ord, the 2d division of the Twenty-fourth Corps and 1st division of the Twenty-fifth Corps, (colored,)
held the old line of the Second Corps, having been brought up for that purpose the day before. Proceeding still further to the
right, the Sixth Corps remained in its old position, having on its right the Ninth Corps, also in its old position, and stretching
round to the Appomattox river, below Petersburg. It was understood that the cavalry, under General Sheridan, were operating
in the direction of Dinwiddie Court-house. The wounded were promptly cared for that night, food and restoratives were
administered, their wounds were dressed, the necessary operations performed, and all were under way for Humphrey's railroad
station, in ambulances, before half past seven o'clock next morning. From Humphrey's Station they were sent to the depot
hospital at City Point, without delay, as the chief quartermaster had advised with the medical director, and made ample
arrangements for that purpose. The distance from the division hospital to Humphrey's Station was about six miles, over
practicable, but by no means good roads. The Second Corps was not engaged with the enemy that day. The reserve train of
the army, including the medical purveyor's train already mentioned, now moved to the neighborhood of W. Perkins's house,
near Rowanty Creek, General Meade's headquarters, being established that night on the Vaughan road, near Gravelly Run,
and General Grant's headquarters on the same road, but on the opposite side of the run. The weather had been pleasant all
day, but about midnight it began to rain. Thursday, March 30th, was dark and rainy, making the roads muddy and almost
impassable for wagons in many places. The dead of the previous day's combat were buried. The number reported was fifty
of our own men, and one hundred and fifty of the enemy. During the day the Fifth Corps advanced some distance beyond
the Boydton plank road. No serious opposition was offered by the enemy, but forty-six wounded, including one rebel, were
brought to the field hospital. All the hospitals of the Fifth Corps were established together at the Spain house on this day.
During the day, the Second Corps also advanced its line, maintaining its connection with the Fifth Corps on tne left, with its
right resting on Hatcher's Run. This movement was effected without bringing on an engagement. Our line now extended
from Hatcher's Run to the left, in front of Dabney's mills, obliquely across the Boydton road, to a considerable distance beyond
it. The position of the army of the James and of the Sixth and Ninth Corps, on the other bank of Hatcher's Run, was under
stood to be materially as before. It was also reported that General Sheridan, with the Cavalry Corps, was operating in the
vicinity of Dinwiddie Court-house, in such a way as to cover effectually the left flank of the combined army. In the evening,
the weather became clear. Friday, March 31st, it began to rain at daylight. The roads were now in a terrible condition from
the mud. Toward noon, the rain ceased and the weather became fair. About this time, the Fifth Corps became warmly
engaged with the enemy. The 1st division of the Second Corps also participated actively before the affair was over. The loss
was considerable. Seven hundred and seventy-eight wounded, including nine rebels, were brought to the division hospital of
the Fifth Corps at the Spain house. I had, on this occasion, an excellent opportunity to see the practical working of the
ambulance system, including the operations of the stretcher bearers on the field, the ambulances at the most advanced posts,
and the ambulances in motion between these and the division hospital, about two miles in the rear. The removal of the
wounded from the field to these hospitals was accomplished with great expedition, so much so, indeed, that they were all
brought in and refreshed with food and other restoratives, had their wounds dressed, and the necessary operations performed at
an early hour in the evening, without the appearance of hurry or confusion, although most of the loss had occurred during the
afternoon. This fact speaks very well for the efficiency of the officers of the ambulance corps, and for the conduct of the
medical officers, both on the field and at the division hospitals ; and I must be permitted here to record my unqualified admiration
of the manner in which the ambulance and hospital service of the Fifth Corps was managed by all concerned. In this affair,
the Second Corps lost three hundred and eighty-seven wounded, of whom two hundred and ninety-four belonged to the 1st
division, seventeen to the 2d division, seventy-four to the 3d division, and two to the artillery brigade. The 2d division hospital
remained near the Chimneys, on the Vaughan road, but the 1st and 3d division hospitals were now moved up and located on the
Gravelly Run road, in a position convenient to their divisions. The wounded of that corps were brought in promptly and were
well cared for in every respect. Our line was advanced, during the day, to the White Oak road, and General Grant moved his
headquarters to Dabney's mills. Late in the afternoon, General Sheridan was heavily engaged with the enemy near Dinwiddie
Court-house. In the evening, it was reported that he hud several hundred wounded for whom he had no transportation.
General Meade, therefore, ordered the Sixth Corps ambulance train to proceed to Dinwiddie Court-house and bring them in to
Humphrey's Station. At the time, these ambulances were much needed to remove the wounded of the Fifth Corps from the
Spain house to Humphrey's Station, since nearly all the ambulances of that corps had been ordered to proceed at once to the
assistance of General Sheridan's cavalry. * * In consequence, a considerable number of the wounded of the Fifth Corps
had to be transported in army wagons, about six miles, over very rough roads, to Humphrey's Station. Saturday, April 1st,
the weather was clear and pleasant. During the night of March 31st, and the morning of April 1st, the Fifth Corps, with the
exception of one brigade, was detached from the army of the Potomac and sent to report to General Sheridan.
The arrangement of our line west of Hatcher's Run was now as follows: On the extreme left, one brigade of the 3d
division of the Fifth Corps; next to it. the 1st division of the Second Corps; then the 3d division of the Second Corps, and.
lastly, the xid division of the s:ime corps, with its right resting on Hatcher's Run. Throughout the day nothing transpired
along the line but a small amount of picket firing. At the field hospitals of the Second and Fifth Corps, the medical officers
were busily occupied during the day in getting off the wounded to Humphrey's Station, en rout<: to the depot hospital at City
Point. In the morning the roads were still so muddy that the transportation of the wounded over them was slow and difficult'
208 APPENDED DOCUMENTS AEMY OF THE POTOMAC, 1865.
but during the day they dried rapidly. During the morning thirty cars loaded chiefly with wounded, but carrying also a few
sick, left Humphrey's Station for City Point. At four o'clock P. M., a train of fifteen cars loaded in the same manner was sent
to the same destination. About six o'clock p. M., the ambulance train of the Sixth Corps, which had been sent to Dinwiddie
Court-house to bring in the wounded of the cavalry, arrived at Humphrey's Station. In the meantime, at the instance of the
medical director, the chief quartermaster had ordered forty additional cars to come up to Humphrey's Station. Before night
all the wounded had been conveyed in ambulances or army wagons from our division hospitals to the station. The distances
from these hospitals to the station were estimated as follows: From the hospital of the 2d division, Second Corps, two miles
and a half; from those of the 1st and 3d divisions of the same corps, four miles and a half; from the division hospitals of the
Fifth Corps, all located at the Spain house on the Quaker road, six miles.
The headquarters of the army of the Potomac were moved during the day to the neighborhood of General Grant's, at
Dabney's mills. In the evening it was reported that General Sheridan's operations had been eminently successful ; that, aided by
the Fifth Corps, he had driven the enemy, capturing two brigade trains, several pieces of artillery and three or four thousand
prisoners. But twenty-five wounded were reported as admitted to the Fifth Corps hospital during the day. Throughout the
following night the sullen roar of artillery was heard at intervals along the whole of our line extending from the Appomattox
river below Petersburg, across the Boydton plank road, and well out toward the Southside railroad, a distance of about
twenty-five miles; but the fire was much the heaviest and the most continuous in front of the Ninth Corps, which, as already
stated, held the right of the line.
Sunday, April 2d, at four o'clock A. M., the Sixth and Ninth Corps assaulted the enemy's works in front of their
respective positions. The Sixth Corps quickly carried the strongly fortified line of the enemy near Fort Fisher, and rapidly
pushed its way across the intervening space to the Appomattox river, a short distance above Petersburg. ' In the course
of the day eight hundred and fifty eight wounded, including fifty-four rebels, were brought to the Sixth Corps hospitals, which
still occupied their old position. Nearly all were injured during the assault on the works. The medical director of the corps
reported that the ratio of killed, in comparison to the number wounded, was decidedly below the average. The wounded were
sent to City Point by railroad the next day. At four o'clock A. M., the Ninth Corps also assaulted the enemy's works in front
of Fort Hell, or Sedgwick, captured the main line, which was very strongly fortified, and successfully maintained its lodgement
against several desperate attempts of the enemy to regain the works. The loss of this corps was materially increased by the
difficult character of the enterprize assigned to it. There were brought to the division hospitals of the corps one thousand one
hundred and fourteen wounded, including twenty-one rebels. They were promptly conveyed to City Point by railroad. During
the day General Sheridan's command was operating far out on the left. The Fifth Corps sustained considerable loss, and three
hundred and eighty-two wounded, including seventy-two rebels, were admitted to its division hospitals. Soon after the
successful assaults of the defenses of Petersburg by the Sixth and Ninth Corps, the enemy abandoned all the works west
of the Sixth Corps. Two divisions of the Second Corps were now moved up the Boydton road to the vicinity of the Sixth
Corps. Two divisions of the Twenty-fourth Corps, army of the James, were also sent forward to a position on the right
of the Sixth Corps. The 1st division of the Second Corps was sent to cooperate with General Sheridan. They came across
two divisions of the enemy trying to escape across the Appomattox river, and had a sharp fight with them. Two hundred and
seventy-two wounded were cared for at the division hospitals of the Second Corps. Of those, two hundred and twelve belonged
to the 1st division alone. Its hospital was established at the Moody house, near Five Forks. General Meade's headquarters,
were established that night at the Robinson house, just in the rear of the Sixth Corps. Monday, April 3d, the weather was warm
and pleasant. During the previous night the enemy had evacuated the town of Petersburg, and it was occupied by our troops
at dawn. The enemy left one hundred and forty-nine of his badly wounded with two medical officers in a well appointed
hospital located in the suburbs, and known as the Confederate States hospital The surgeon in charge was directed to report
to the provost marshal of Petersburg, in order to obtain rations and any other supplies that might be needed. The medical
director ordered that no houses in Petersburg should be used for hospital purposes, or even for the temporary accommodation
of the wounded belonging to the army of the Potomac, and that in all cases they should be sent to the depot hospital at City
Point without delay. The same order was reiterated in the evening by General Meade. Thus all the hospital accommodations
at Petersburg were available for the sick and wounded rebels. A large number of men were put to work on the old line
of railroad from Petersburg to City Point, in order to reopen it as soon as possible. During the day the wounded of the Second
Corps, from the combats of the day before, were brought to Petersburg in ambulances for transportation to City Point by
railroad. A portion of the wounded belonging to the Fifth Corps were also brought into Petersburg for the same purpose, and
the remainder, numbering about one hundred and fifty, were sent to Sutherland Station in the evening, and there supplied
with shelter, three days' rations and medical attendance, while awaiting the reopening of railroad communication with
Petersburg, a distance of ten miles. The headquarters of General Meade were established at night near Sutherland Station, a
short distance? from General Grant's. It was reported in the evening that the cars had commenced running to Petersburg from
City Point. The reported evacuation of Richmond was also confirmed. Tuesday, April 4th, the weather continued pleasant.
The Second and Sixth Corps moved at dawn, marching up the river road in a westerly direction. The Ninth Corps was left
behind at Petersburg, and the Fifth was still with General Sheridan. The medical director of the Sixth Corps reported that
the ambulance horses of that corps were much jaded from overwork, and that ten of them were completely used up. It will
be remembered that this ambulance train had been sent on the previous Saturday to Dinwiddie Court-house to bring in the
wounded of General Sheridan's command The day's march was long, and over almost impassable roads. At night General
Meade's headquarters were established at the bouse of M. W. Jones, near Deep Creek, about twenty-five miles from the place of
starting. The headquarters of the Second Corps was at the same place. * Wednesday, April 5th. the weather still continued
pleasant. We moved at an early hour, in the direction of Jetersville, on the Richmond and Danville railroad, distant about
fifteen miles. We struck the railroad at that place in the afternoon, and found General Sheridan there with the cavalry and
Fifth Corps.^ Late in the day the enemy made a demonstration on our front. He appeared on his way from Richmond to
Burke's Station. During the night he maneuvered to gain an opportunity to pass round our left in the direction of Farmville.
REPORT OF SURGEON J. A. LTDELL, U. S. V. 209
At night General Meade's headquarters were established at a house used by the cavalry for hospital purposes, about half a mile
from General Sheridan's headquarters. Thursday, April 6th, the morning was dark and rainy; the rain, however, ceased at
noon. The pursuit of General Lee's army was resumed with great activity. The Second Corps moved on the road to Amelia
Springs as the leading column. The Fifth advanced on the right Hank and the Sixth on the left, within supporting distance.
The Second Corps struck the enemy near Amelia Springs, and pushed him forward along the Deatonsville road. The pursuit
was not relaxed, and as the enemy offered resistance at every fitting opportunity, this corps was more or less engaged the rest
of the day. The loss, however, was not large, viz. : 1st division, forty-one wounded; 3d division, one hundred and fifty
wounded; total, one hundred and ninety-one wounded. Early in the day the 1st division hospital was established at the
Vaughan house, two miles and a half west of the springs, in the direction of Deatonsville. The wounded of the 3d division
were conveyed from the Vaughan house to Burke's Station by the ambulances of the Ninth Corps. Those of the 1st division
were carried to Burke's Station on the 7th, by way of Rice Station. The Sixth Corps, advancing on the left of the Second,
became heavily engaged with the enemy toward evening at Sailors' Creek, in conjunction with the cavalry of General Sheridan.
The enemy were routed, and many prisoners were captured. Four hundred and eighty-one wounded, including one hundred
and sixty-one rebels, were admitted to the division hospitals of the corps It is understood that they were established at
Harper's farm. These wounded were sent to Burke's Station next day in the Sixth Corps ambulances. The Fifth Corps was
not engaged during the day. The headquarters of the army of the Potomac were established on the road from Deatonsville to
Farmville, about two miles from the former place. Friday, April 7th, the Second Corps continuing the pursuit of the enemy,
crossed the Appomattox at High Bridge, where a slight skirmish occurred, and advanced to the heights northeast of Farmville,
where the enemy were found entrenched. All the division hospitals of this corps were established at the Brooks house late in
the afternoon, and received two hundred and twelve wounded during the day and night. They were sent to Burke's Station on
the morning of the 8th, and the hospitals ordered forward to join the corps, which had advanced in pursuit of the enemy, who
had fallen back during the night. After this the army of the Potomac did not again engage the enemy. General Lee
surrendered his army at Appornattox Court-house on Sunday, April 9th.
On the morning of April 7th, in accordance with orders, I proceeded to Burke's Station for the purpose of assisting in
the arrangements for the reception and care of the sick and wounded at that place until the railroad to Petersburg could be put
in running order. The general commanding having, on the evening of the 6th, designated Burke's Station as the prospective
depot of the army of the Potomac, the medical director ordered arrangements to be made for the suitable reception of two
thousand five hundred wounded at that place. It was expected that we would be compelled to provide for all the wounded in
the operations west of the Richmond and Danville railroad, including those of General Sheridan's cavalry command, and of the
Twenty-fourth Corps, army of the James, as well as for those of the army of the Potomac. The estimates were based upon
this expectation, and the sequel showed it to be well founded. Having reached Burke's Station about noon, I found Lieutenant
Colonel Dalton, medical director of the Ninth Corps, who had come up from Nottoway Court-house that morning on the same
business. He stated that the hospitals of the 2d and 3d divisions of the Ninth Corps were on their way, and would arrive in
the afternoon, together with the ambulance trains of those divisions. I also learned that the railroad was only open as far as
Wilson's Station, twenty-seven miles distant, and that several days must elapse before the cars could get up to Burke's Station.
In the meantime, shelter, food and medical attendance must be provided for a large number of wounded at that place. It was
also known that several hundred wounded were already on their way in the ambulance trains of the Second and Sixth Corps,
and that they would arrive by evening. The hotel buildings at Burke's Station had been in use for a considerable time as a
rebel hospital, and were already filled to overflowing with rebels who were unable to be moved when their forces retreated,
and with sick and wounded belonging to the Twenty-fourth Corps, and the Cavalry Corps, who had recently been brought there.
In the afternoon the hospitals of the '2d and 3d divisions of the Ninth Corps were established on good ground, convenient to the
railroad and made ready for the reception of wounded. All the vacant warehouse rooms at the railroad depot were also
taken possession of, and made ready for the same purpose without delay. In the evening about seven hundred and fifty
wounded from the Second and Sixth Corps arrived, and were promptly cared for. The ambulance trains of the iM and 3d
divisions of the Ninth Corps came up in the afternoon, and were at once sent forward to the front, with orders to report to the
medical director of the army of the Potomac. Saturday, April 8th, the warehouses at the depot, and the hospitals of the Ninth
Corps, including that of the 1st division now on the way to Burke's Station, were capable of sheltering sixteen hundred
wounded, and this entirely independent of the rebel hospital above-mentioned, and of the dwelling houses in the neighborhood
used by the cavalry for their wounded. Captain .1. H. Alley, hospital commissary of the Ninth Corps, sent out a foraging
train to-day, under suitable escort, to obtain subsistence for the sick and wounded. It brought in three wagon loads of pro
visions, consisting of flour, meal, potatoes, hams and bacon. Captain Alley also sent to City Point for enough sugar, coffee
and candles to last four thousand men eight days, in order to be ready for possible contingencies. He also began to repair the
large oven of the hotel, with a view to issue soft bread without delay, and, placing a safeguard upon a neighboring grist mill,
he set it to grinding flour and meal. The medical purveyor's train being at Burke's Station, enough medical and hospital
supplies were drawn from it to last two thousand wounded eight days. These were drawn by the surgeons in charge of ^d and
3d division hospitals of the Ninth Corps in addition to the supplies they had already on hand. Afterward the medical
purveyor's train started for Farmville. seventeen miles distant. Foraging wagons were also sent out for straw. During the
day and evening, about five hundred and fifty wounded and sick arrived. Sunday, April 9th, Captain Alley again foraged
successfully for provisions and straw. About two hundred and sixty wounded and sick were brought in. Monday April 10th, the
bakery began to turn out soft bread of first rate quality, working at the rate of two thousand rations per diem. Provisions and
straw were again obtained by foraging. If subsistence could not have been obtained by foraging, the sick and wounded must
have suffered very much with hunger for a few days. In the evening, the Ninth Corps ambulances returned from the front,
bringing about two hundred sick and wounded. One hundred and fifty hospital tent-Hies had arrived in wagons from Wilson's
Station, so that we now felt easy on the subject of shelter. Tuesday, April llth, there were about two thousand two hundred
sick and wounded at Burke's Station, of whom about one thousand six hundred belonged to the army of the Potomac, about
210 APPENDED DOCUMENTS AEMY OF THE POTOMAC, 1865.
two hundred and twenty to the army of the James, about one hundred and eighty to the Cavalry Corps, and about two hundred
were prisoners of war. All of them were well taken care of. * *
The railroad cars came up to Burke's Station, April llth, for the first time, and preparations were immediately made to
load them with wounded on their return to City Point. In this way about one thousand four hundred and fifty sick and
wounded were sent to City Point. The last train started at five o'clock P. M. The cars for the wounded were well bedded
with straw. Two days' rations were provided for the patients, with two attendants to each car, and medical officers to accompany
them to City Point. The Ninth Corps ambulance train was sent out to Harper's farm for some wounded cavalrymen who were
reported to be there without supplies. The train was accompanied by a wagon loaded with provisions. Wednesday, April
12th, sent to City Point at noon, by railroad, about six hundred sick and wounded, the trains being provided in the same
manner as those sent on the llth. This evacuated Burke's Station of all the sick and wounded, except about one hundred and
fifty rebels, who would also have been sent if there had been enough transportation. During the latter part of the day the
ambulances of Cavalry Corps arrived and the Ninth Corps ambulances returned. They brought together about two hundred
and fifty sick and wounded, most of whom Avere rebels. A number of sick and wounded were also received from other sources.
The headquarters of the army of the Potomac came down to Burke's Station at three o'clock P. M., and were established in its
vicinity. Thursday, April 13th, four hundred and fifty sick and wounded were sent to City Point. A majority of them were
rebels. This relieved us of all sick and wounded then on hand who could safely be transported. Surgeon H. Bendell, 86th
New York, in charge of the sub-depot field hospital, organized pursuant to the orders of the medical director, dated April 3,
1865, arrived at Burke's Station April 13th, accompanied by twenty-four assistant surgeons and attendants, shelter and ample
supplies. In the course of the day he established his hospital. * *
Up to this time about twenty-five hundred sick and wounded had been sent to City Point by railroad. Of this number
it was estimated that about two thousand were wounded. These men had all been promptly received and provided for at
Burke's Station. In this connection, Lieutenant Colonel E. B. Dalton, Surgeon U. S. V., chief medical officer, and Captain J.
H. Alley, hospital commissary, of the Ninth Corps, deserve special mention. During the brief campaign commencing March
29th, the total number of wounded in the various engagements was as follows: Second Corps, one thousand one hundred;
Fifth Corps, one thousand four hundred and thirty-six ; Sixth Corps, one thousand one hundred and twenty-seven; Ninth Corps,
one thousand one hundred and sixty ; total, four thousand eight hundred and twenty-three wounded in action. The estimate
does not embrace those wounded by accident or by picket firing. It also appears that about three hundred and thirty-five
wounded rebels were brought to our division hospitals." *
CLYII. Extract from the lleport of the Depot Field Hospital of the Army of the Potomac
from March 27 to June 30, 1865. By Surgeon G. B. PARKER, U. S. Volunteers.
"In obedience to General Order No. 77, paragraph 4, dated headquarters, army of the Potomac, March 25,
1865, I assumed, on the 27th of March, the duties of acting chief medical officer of the depot field hospital, City Point, Virginia.
The hospital consisted of ninety stockade pavilions and four hundred and fifty-two tents, and was divided into sections
belonging to the Second, Fifth, Sixth and Ninth Corps, and to the Cavalry Corps. Its capacity was five thousand four hundred
and fourteen beds. Its railroad communications extended to Burkesville, and afterward to Danville, and patients were received
direct from those points. On the 28th of March, the medical director of the army of the Potomac ordered the hospital to be
increased to its utmost capacity, and additional tents were pitched accordingly, and the capacity of the hospital increased to
eight thousand eight hundred beds. Pursuant to telegraphic orders from the medical director, supplies for two thousand five
hundred patients far ten days, and twenty-five medical officers were forwarded to Burksville, Virginia, and a sub-depot
established there, intended to receive patients unable to travel, and for whom immediate transportation could not be furnished.
The sub-depot was ready for the treatment of patients, April 7th. During its continuance, one thousand one hundred and
seventy-three patients were received and transferred to City Point.
In consequence of the Ninth Corps being detached from the army of the Potomac, after the campaign terminated, the
portion of the depot hospital belonging to that corps was closed on the 24th of April. On the 4th of May, the commanding
general of the army of the Potomac, ordered the removal of the depot hospital to Alexandria, Virginia. Medical officers and
requisite supplies were, accordingly sent forward, and a hospital, with a capacity of two thousand beds, was established at that
place in advance of the arrival of the returning armies. The depot hospital was finally broken up on the 30th of June, 1865.
From the 2?th of March to the 30th of June, twenty-one thousand five hundred and sixty-one patients were admitted to the
depot hospital, of whom seven thousand eight hundred and eighty-one were returned to duty, eleven thousand nine hundred
and twenty transferred to general hospitals, one thousand and seventy-three turned over to the provost marshal, three hundred
and seventy-one were furloughed or deserted, and three hundred and sixteen died.
In addition to the above, many men, who did not belong to the army of the Potomac, were received at the depot hospital.
These were sent forward immediately to Point of Rocks, Virginia, by transports ; but, in consequence of their great number
and the rapidity of their arrival and departure, the surgeons in charge of the corps hospitals failed to register their names.
The number of patients treated in the hospital, after its removal to Alexandria, Virginia, amounted to one thousand four
hundred and forty-six. The supply of water, for the depot hospital at City Point, was obtained from flowing springs found
under the bluffs of the Appomattox. The water was raised to a reservoir, at a proper elevation, by two stationary steam
engines, and conveyed by pipes to the respective corps hospitals, some of which were half a mile distant. An abundant supply
was constantly kept on hand.
The general sanitary condition of the hospital was invariably good; neither gangrene nor any epidemic appeared; good
order, discipline, and cleanliness were constantly maintained; there was- always an ample supply of medical and hospital
stores, and every luxury and comfort required by the sick and wounded was furnished by the medical department with the
REPORT OF SURGEON T. RUSH SPENCER, U! S. V. 211
least possible delay. In concluding, it is proper to refer to the efficiency of the following named surgeons in charge of the
portions of the hospital belonging to the several corps: Acting Staff Surgeon John Aiken, Second Corps; W. L. Faxon,
Surgeon 32d Massachusetts, Fifth Corps; Assistant Surgeon J. Sykes Ely, U. S. V., Sixth Corps; W. O. McDonald, Surgeon
U. S. V., Ninth Corps; C. A. McCall, U. S. A., Cavalry Corps; H. Bendell, Surgeon, 106th N. Y. V., in charge of sub-depot
at Burksville, Virginia."
CLYIII. Extracts from the Iteport of the Medical Director of the Fifth Corps from November
1, 1864, to April 30, 1865. By Surgeon T. BUSH SPENCER, U. S. Volunteers.
* * * "The corps had remained encamped in the vicinity of the Yellow house, upon the line of the Weldon railroad,
some six or seven miles south of Petersburg, from the time of the battles by which this line had been secured on the 18th, 19th and
21st of August. The hospitals of the corps, established at the same time near Parke's Station, two miles in the rear, remained in
the same position on November 1st. The ambulance train had its park near the hospitals. The sites occupied for camps were
such as were dictated by military necessity. They were upon a thin, sandy soil, underlaid by clay, holding moisture and giving
it forth readily under the rays of the sun. The general surface was flat and but poorly drained. The water was obtained from
springs, or very shallow wells, and was necessarily bad. Wood, of a second growth, was sufficiently abundant. The troops
had, to a great extent, recovered from the fatigues of the campaign from the Rapidan to the Weldon railroad, but constant labor
in the trenches, on forts, and in building roads, together with exposure in rifle-pits, and the sleepless vigilance of picket duty,
kept up a constant strain upon the physique and the morale of the men. The absence of anything like an abundance of fresh
vegetables, the scarcity of soft bread, the noxious emanations from a soil saturated with decaying vegetable and animal matter,
in a region noted for its malarious character, had its natural effect upon the health of the command, as seen in numerous cases
of camp diarrhoea, malarial and typho-malarial fevers. The hospitals of the corps were placed upon slightly elevated sites,
and enjoyed the advantage of fair drainage, and passably good well water. One hospital was established for each division, and
one for the artillery brigade. Regimental hospitals were entirely dispensed with. Each hospital remained with its division, or
all were aggregated together as appeared expedient from time to time. The hospitals were all well organized, with surgeons in
charge, recorders, ward surgeons, commissaries, stewards, attendants, police parties, etc. The capacity of each hospital varied
with the necessities of the case, though the average number of sick to be retained was expected to be limited to about one
hundred. When exceeding that number, or whe,n cases of a protracted nature presented themselves, they were promptly sent to
the depot hospital at City Point. Whenever active operations were about to take place, all sick were sent to the rear. So
perfect Avere the arrangements, that a few hours sufficed to clear the wards, and have everything on wheels ready for a move.
Medical and hospital supplies were always promptly supplied, upon requisition, by the medical purveyor of the army of the
Potomac. The ambulance department was thoroughly organized and in excellent condition. During the winter the animals of
the train were protected by excellent stables, which they continued to occupy until the movement began in March, 1865. The
building of huts for the men commenced early in the fall, and before cold weather set in they were well sheltered. The command
continued stationary until December 6th, when, leaving its comfortable quarters, the corps started upon the expedition to the
Weldon railroad. Half the quota of ambulances, with the usual battle supplies, hospital stores, etc., and a hospital tent fly in
each, accompanied the troops. The weather during this march varied from a warm rain on the first day, to cold rain with sleet
and high wind, ending in bitter, biting cold. The first day's march was long, and over muddy roads, but so mild was the
weather that many threw away blankets and overcoats, and many men were left behind. The marches were long, and the
labor of tearing up the road severe, and after the change of the weather, the troops suffered extremely for want of shelter,
blankets and overcoats. The ambulances on the return were all filled with the sick and footsore. There were, however, no
wounded. Returning on the 12th, the corps went into camp in reserve between the Jerusalem plank road and the Halifax road.
Considerable increase of sickness, especially of diseases involving the chest, followed the exposures of this movement, and the
delay in building huts after the return. Two of the divisions, moreover, were, after their return, encamped on low, marshy,
wooded ground, where every effort at drainage, seemed only to increase the number of cases of disease of a malarious type, by
disturbing the decaying vegetable mould. The medical department made every effort to correct these evils. They were only
remedied, however, by the complete change of camp, which followed the battle of Hatcher's Run, the first week in February.
During this period, from December 12th till February, several cases occurred, which, in their rapidly fatal course, as well as in
the post mortem appearances of the nerve centres, presented the usual phenomena of cerebro-spiual meningitis. These cases,
however, were so few as only to attract attention by their novelty. They were observed, as a rule, in recent recruits. In
other respects there was little to note during this period. On the 5th of February we were again ordered to move with our
flying hospital, leaving the balance of the hospital train, etc., behind. On reaching Rowanty Creek, the enemy made a sharp
resistance to our crossing. We had some fifteen wounded, who were immediately sent back to our hospital left at Parke's Station.
Effecting a crossing, building bridges, etc., consumed some hours. Evening found us at the Quaker road, down which we
marched during the night to reach Hatcher's Run, early in the morning, after a day and a night without rest for either officers
or men. The cold was the most intense encountered in any movement during the winter. The men had hardly time to
prepare a hasty dish of coffee, when they were ordered forward to attack the enemy. At night, much of the field of battle was
in the possession of the enemy, but so promptly, and so thoroughly had the wounded been removed from the field, that next
morning very few were found to have been left unsuccored, or in the enemy's hands. The hospitals of the corps were established
at the Cummings house, a mile to the rear of the run. Here every attention was rendered, the medical officers never resting
until every man was fed, dressed or operated on as the case required, and placed in the ambulances. They were at once
conveyed to the railroad at Patrick's Station. The number was five hundred and two. The battle of the 7th was brief and
resulted favorably to our arms. The wounded numbered one hundred and eighty-four. They were promptly cared for and
Kent to the depot hospital. The corps went into camp in the immediate vicinity on a high, dry and rolling surt'iice, with good
water and plenty of wood. The (unfit of the improved site was immediately visible in the prompt disappearance of intermittent^
212 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, 1865.
and kindred diseases. The hospitals were now brought up from Parke's Station, and each placed in the more immediate vicinity
of its own division. They soon vied with each other in the increased comforts for their sick, and in external ornamentation.
Again a period of rest under favorable sanitary conditions, prepared the troops for the final campaign. During this period of
rest all reports were brought up, property unfit for further use, or in excess, turned in, and all deficiencies supplied. The
ambulance and hospital train was also put in complete order for the spring campaign. After the maximum of supplies had been
procured, an order reducing the transportation left no alternative during our hurried marches, but to abandon more or less of
the supplies deemed necessary to the emergencies of a campaign. Fortunately the reserve supplies of the medical department
came so promptly forward to supply all deficiencies that never for a day was there any lack.
The field hospitals were once more .cleared, the Hying hospital detached, the ambulance boxes filled with their battle-field
supplies. On the morning of March 29th, we once more took up our line of march, half the ambulances and the flying hospital
accompanying the troops, the rest remaining with the heavy train. Crossing Rowanty Creek, we moved along the stage road
to the Quaker road, up which we marched nearly to the Boydton plank road, and, about four o'clock, found the enemy in
position. A very sharp engagement ensued, the enemy being driven back into his works. A hospital was established at the
Spain house, near the Quaker church on Quaker road. For the first and only time the battle-field supplies of the ambulance
boxes came into requisition. Soon the wounded began to reach the hospitals, where all were promptly dressed and comfortably
provided for. By seven o'clock next morning, they were on their way to the railroad at Humphrey's Station, over roads
rendered almost impassable by rain and travel. The following day was occupied in advancing our lines and constructing
defences, slight skirmishing only, taking place. On the 31st, the corps again advanced and met the enemy. The 2d and 3d
divisions were, at first, driven back, but, being supported by the 1st division, soon forced the enemy to retreat with considerable
loss. During the night, the corps was massed near the Boydton plank road, and the 2d division sent toward Diuwiddie Court
house to the support of General Sheridan. The other divisions marching by another converging road, all three participated
in the engagement of Five Forks, where, in conjunction with General Sheridan's cavalry, a most decisive battle was won,
resulting in the capture of many guns and sevei-al thousand prisoners. Our wounded, however, were less numerous than in
the fight on the Quaker road.
A hospital was promptly established at the Methodist church, on the White Oak road. From this point some patients
were sent to Humphrey's Station, and some to the Quaker church hospital. Both hospitals were promptly broken up, and all
the wounded who had not been sent off when the pursuit of Lee began, on the 2d of April, were brought forward to Sutherland
Station on the Southside railroad. Here they were left in fourteen hospital tents, with a surgeon and all necessary supplies ;
the balance of the hospital train and the ambulances hastening after the troops. Owing to the rapidity of the march, the
condition of the roads, and the cutting of trains by moving troops, much anxiety was felt lest the delays should prove
detrimental, but on the 5th, our trains all reached us at Jetersville, and subsequently remained with us. By marches varying
from twenty to thirty miles daily, between the 2d and 9th, we reached the vicinity of Appomattox Court-house, to find the
enemy engaged with General Sheridan's cavalry, with the intention, we afterward learned, of breaking through and continuing
their retreat. * * On the 9th, General Lee surrendered. From the 9th to the 15th, we remained at Appomattox Court-house.
On the 15th, we started for Nottoway Court-house, which we reached on the 2()th, relieving the Ninth Corps, then guarding the
railroad from Burkesville to Sutherland Station. During the remainder of the month, the corps continued at this point. The
usual amount of sickness, presenting no peculiar feature, attended our stay."
CLIX. Extracts from the Iteport of the Medical Insr^ector of the Fifth Army Corj)s for
March, and April, 1865. By Assistant Surgeon CHAKLES X. WINNE, U. S. Army.
"March 26th, 27th and 28th, all the sick in the Fifth Corps hospitals, together with all who were judged to
be unable to endure the fatigue of the ensuing campaign, were sent by rail from Humphrey's Station to the depot hospital at
City Point. All necessary preparations for the campaign had been made. The regimental field companions had been filled,
the ambulance boxes furnished with supplies of hard bread, sugar and coffee; in addition to the articles required to be carried
in them, surplus medical property had been turned in at City Point, and as large an amount of supplies had been obtained for
the different field hospitals as could be carried with the transportation allowed.
March 29th, the corps broke camp before daybreak. The fiying field hospital accompanying the command consisted
of half the number of ambulances, carrying hospital tent flies ; one medicine wagon, carrying two extra operating tables, and
five hospital wagons for each division. The wagons were filled with the hospital tents, blankets, rations, clothing, etc. The
remaining ambulances, brigade supply wagons and medicine wagons accompanied the general train of the corps. The corps
crossed Rowanty Creek at Perkins's house, near which the trains were parked. From this position, after halting for some
time, it moved up the Quaker road to Lewis's farm. Near the junction of the Boydton and Quaker roads, the 1st division
encountered the enemy. The hospitals were established at a house near the old Quaker church, on Quaker road, and supplies
brought up in ambulances and wagons. It commenced raining about dark, and continued to do so all night and next day,
rendering the roads so had that the movements of the ambulances were extremely difficult. It being necessary to remove the
wounded to Humphrey's Station with as much rapidity as possible, the surgeons of other divisions aided those of the 1st in
performing the necessary operations, and the ambulance train of the corps, aided by twenty ambulances belonging to the Second
Corps, were started for Humphrey's Station at seven o'clock A. M., March 30th, accompanied by the pioneers of the 1st brigade
of the 2d division to assist in clearing Ihe road. During the afternoon a portion of our line was attacked, the losses in our
corps falling almost entirely upon the 1st division. March 31st, the entire corps was engaged upon the White Oak road, and
one-half the number of ambulances present were constantly occupied in transporting the wounded, after they had received the
necessary attention, from the hospital at Quaker church to Humphrey's Station. Each train was placed in charge of a medical
officer, assisted by attendants, and provided with stimulants, dressings, etc. The wounded were all fed before leaving hospital,
REPORT OF SURGEON W. R. DKWITT, JR., IT. S. V. 213
and such cases as needed blankets were supplied. During the night of the 31st, the 2d division moved down the Boydton
phmk road toward Dinwiddie, followed, next morning, by the 1st and 3d divisions, which inarched by another road leading in
the same direction. In the afternoon of April 1st, the battle of Five Forks was fought. The hospital was established at the
Methodist church, but owing to the terrible condition of the roads, rendered almost impassable by the long rain and the passage
of infantry and cavalry, it was not fully organized before midnight. Owing to the same reason, the evacuation of the hospital
at Quaker church had not been completed. April 2d, six rebel wagons, captured the previous day, were sent with
slightly wounded to Quaker church, and at eleven o'clock A. M., sixty-six ambulances, loaded with wounded, were sent from
Methodist church hospital to Humphrey's Station, orders having been received to send no more wounded to Quaker church
hospital. Only a sufficient number of medical officers had been left at this hospital to provide for the daily wants of the
wounded until they could be shipped to City Point, as all the operations had been performed, and thirty-five ambulances had
been left to convey them to the station. This was so far accomplished during the afternoon that the remaining wounded were
all sheltered in the house, in charge of one medical officer, with three days' rations and supplies, and the tents that had been
left were brought up to Methodist church, where the rest of the train had been parked. During the 2d, the troops occupied
Sutherland Station, on the Southside railroad. The wounded continued to be shipped from the Methodist church to the railroad
until the morning of the 3d, when those still remaining were removed, together with the whole hospital train, by the White
Oak, Claibone and Namozine roads to Sutherland's Station, where a hospital of fourteen tents was established. Here medical
officers, attendants and three days' rations and supplies were left with the wounded, and the train followed the command, keeping
up as well as circumstances would permit. : April 4th, the corps reached Jetersville, having marched twenty miles.
April 5th, entrenchments were thrown up, an attack from the enemy being expected. In the afternoon the hospital train arrived,
and went into park. April 6th, marched nearly to Amelia Court-house, thence via Farmville and Deatonsville to within five
miles of High Bridge, on the Appomattox river, being a total distance of twenty-nine miles. April 7th, marched to Prince
Edward's Court-house, eighteen miles. April 8th, inarched through Prospect Station, along the Petersburg and Lynchburg
railroad to within seven miles of Appomattox Court-house. April 9th, the corps moved at daybreak toward Appomattox
Court-house, and meeting the enemy, the Abbott house was selected for a field hospital. But few cases, however, were received,
as overtures were made on the part of the enemy for the surrender of his entire force. The corps remained in camp at
Appomattox Court-house until the 15th of April, when the troops commenced marching back, encamping at night at Pamplin's
Station. April 16th, inarch resumed to Farmville, over exceedingly bad roads. April 17th, inarched to Sandy river, eight
miles from Burkesville. April 20th, the corps, was moved to Nottoway Court-house, and distributed along the line of the
Southside railroad, from a point between Burkesville and Nottoway to beyond Sutherland's Station. The division hospitals were
here established on exceedingly eligible sites; that of the 1st division at Wilson's Station, those of the 2d division and artillery
brigade near Nottoway Court-house, and that of the 3d division hospital at Black and White, each being as near the centre
of its respective division as practicable."
CLX. Extract from the Rer^ort of the Surgeon-in-chhf of the First Division, Fifth Corps.
By Surgeon W. K. DEWirr, jr., U. S. Volunteers.
: "About the 1st of May, 1864, the hospital of the 1st division of the Fifth Corps was established, and a
eurgeon-in-charge was detailed from one of the regiments. Two assistant medical officers, two hospital stewards, together
with cooks and attendants, were also detailed, the organization being adequate for the care of the sick and wounded, when no
fighting was going on. During engagements an operating staff, from each brigade, reported to the hospital for duty, and
remained until the fighting was over and the wounded had been disposed of. On the 1st of November, 1864, the hospital was
at Parke's Station, iu front of Petersburg, Virginia, and the troops of the division were encamped along the front line near
Peeble's house. The locations of the hospital and camp were very healthy. The water was of good quality, the drainage
favorable. During November, three hundred and seventy patients were admitted and treated. Of these, eight died; three of
typhoid fever, four of remittent fever, and one of inflammation of the brain. Twenty cases of typhoid fever were treated;
one hundred and two of remittent fever, forty of intermittent fever, and fifty of diarrhoea. It will be seen from this that
miasmatic complaints were the prevailing diseases. The average number on sick report was one hundred and thirteen. On the
6th of December, a portion of the hospital establishment, called the flying hospital, accompanied the troops on the expedition
to the battle-field on the Weldon railroad, and returned on the llth of the same month. During this expedition there was
considerable exposure, and, in consequence of the inclement weather, the men suffered greatly. This circumstance, together
with the bad nature of the camping ground previously occupied by the troops, occasioned much sickness, chiefly low forms of
fevers and inflammations, such as typhoid fever, chronic diarrhcea, typhoid pneumonia, etc. After their return from the
expedition the troops encamped in a new position in the rear of the main line, where they had to use surface water, or that
held in a clay stratum a few inches below the surface of the ground. In the treatment of their diseases we had to rely mainly
on stimulants and tonics, with a supporting dietetic treatment. During the month of December, four hundred and eighty-
seven patients were admitted, including ninety cases of typhoid fever, ten of remittent, tun of pneumonia, and three
hundred and five of diarrhoea. There were seven deaths, four of them from typhoid fever. In the month of January, two
hundred and fifty-seven patients were admitted. The number of deaths was twenty-one; of which, sixteen were from typhoid
fever. The number of cases of typhoid fever treated was one hundred and sixty-five; of diarrhoea, seventy one. February
f>th. the Hying hospital accompanied the troops to Hatcher's Run, and was established at the Cummings house. A few days
utter the whole hospital was removed from Parke's Station, and took the place of the flying hospital, being located on or
near the same; site. Here, one hundred and fifty wounded from the battle-field were brought in and received surgical attention.
until forwarded to City Point a short time after. I may mention that when, at any time, the hospital became too crowded,
authority was given to send the more severe cases to the depot hospital at City Point, and when a movement of the troops
214 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, 1805.
was anticipated the hospital was cleared, by all patients being sent to City Point. Seven hundred and twenty-nine patients
were admitted during February; of these, five died; two of gunshot wounds, and three of typhoid fever. One hundred
and sixty cases of typhoid fever, and two hundred and eight of diarrhoea, were treated. The location of the camp at this
point was very little better than that just left. The men were very much exposed to the weather, in consequence of being
several days without huts, and many of them being without blankets, which they had lost during the action, or left in
their old camp. The site of the hospital was very good, and there was an ample supply of excellent water. We continued
at this place until the 29th of March, having an average of one hundred and twenty-one sick and wounded constantly
under treatment. During the month of March, one thousand and twenty-six patients were admitted; of these, three hundred
and eighty were wounded on the 29th and 30th at Lewis's farm, Virginia. The prevailing diseases during the month were
typhoid fever and diarrhoea. There were eleven deaths ; four from gunshot wounds and four from typhoid fever. On the 29th,
the hospital was removed to the Spain house, and the wounded from the engagement at Lewis's farm were here received,
dressed, and sent to the depot hospital. The hospital was again broken up on the 2d of April, and remained packed in wagons,
following the troops during the retreat of General Lee's army from Petersburg to Appomattox Court-house, Virginia. The
sick were retained and carried in the ambulances, receiving medical attention as if they had been in division hospital. On
the 10th of April, enough tents were pitched near Appomattax Court-house to accommodate all the sick and wounded on hand
in the division. From this place they were shipped in a day or two to Farmville. The hospital was broken up and we moved
again on the 15th, and, on the 22d, established the hospital near Wilson's Station, Southside railroad ; it remained in operation
until the 29th. There were admitted, during the month of April, three hundred and twenty-four patients, of whom, one
hundred and fifty-eight were wounded. Deaths during the month, three; one of diphtheria, one of diarrhoea, and one of
typhoid fever. The prevailing disease during this month was diarrhoea, attributable, to a great extent, to the imperfect food,
and defective cooking."
CLXI. Extract from the Report of the Surgeon-in-chief of the Second Division, Fifth Corps,
from November 1, 1864, to April 30, 1865. By T. M. FLANDKAU, Surgeon 146th New
York Volunteers.
* * * " On the 1st of November, 1864, the hospital of this division was at Parke's Station, where it had been
established in August, after the battle of the Weldon railroad. While on the Weldon raid, from December 5 to December
11, 1864, the division was accompanied by part of the ambulance train and medicine wagons, the hospital remaining at Parke's
Station. At the battle of Hatcher's Eun, February 6, 1865,, the hospital was advanced from Parke's Station to the Cummings
house, near Humphrey's Station, where one hundred and seventy-six wounded were admitted. It was then removed to the
vicinity of the Chapel house, where it remained until the commencement of the spring campaign. On the 29th of March, the
hospital accompanied the troops on the advance, and was pitched near Gravelly Eun, on the Quaker or Military Telegraph
road. April 1st, it was moved to the Methodist church near the Five Forks. Three hundred and fifty wounded were admitted
and treated during the engagement in this neighborhood. On the 3d of April, we followed the corps in pursuit of the defeated
and retreating enemy, the hospital being established on the 9th of April near Appomattox Court-house, where it remained until
April 15th, and then was moved to Nottoway Court-house, where it was on the 30th. During the heavy marches made this
month, a large number of sick and wounded were transported and treated in the ambulances. From November 1, 1864, to
April 30, 1865, inclusive, one thousand two hundred and sixty-eight sick, and six hundred and seventy-one wounded were
admitted to the hospital of this division. Of these, one thousand four hundred and ninety-four were sent to general hospital,
and forty-nine died." * *
CLXII. Extract from the Report of the Surgeon-in-chief of the Third Division, Fifth Corps,
from November 1, 1864, to April 30, 1865. By W. O. McDoNALD, Surgeon IT. S. Volunteers.
" The division was encamped during the month of November near the Aikin house, where it remained until
about December 6th, when, after being relieved by the Sixth Corps, the command started on the expedition to Bellefield,
returning to camp near the McCamm house on or about the 12th. During this period no action occurred. The total number
of men requiring medical treatment was two thousand seven hundred and seventy-one, of whom eighty cases belonged to Class V.
Three hundred and eighty-one were sent to general hospital, and seven died. The command remained encamped on the
Jerusalem plank road from the middle of December, 1864, to the first week in February, 1865, when the battle of Hatcher's
Eun was fought, after which the division encamped near the Wyatt house. During this period the total number under medical
treatment was five thousand one hundred and four, of whom six hundred and eighty-one belonged to Class V. Seven hundred
and thirty-nine were sent to general hospital, and fifty-five died. At Hatcher's Eun some five hundred and twenty-one men
were wounded, and the following operations were reported as having been performed : Twenty amputations, major and minor ;
four exsections, and eight operations of lesser importance. The division remained in camp near the Wyatt house until the end
of March, when it participated in the battles of Gravelly Eun and at Five Forks ; then in the pursuit, ending on April 9th, at
Appomattox Court-house, where it remained three or four days ; then moving back to Burkesville, and from thence to Black
and White Station on April 30th. During this final epoch, the total number of men receiving medical treatment was five
thousand two hundred and sixty-three, of whom six hundred and eighty-five belonged to Class V. Eight hundred and
seventy-six were sent to general hospital, and forty-one died. Of the above total, six hundred and two were wounded in the
battles at Gravelly Eun, March 31st, and at Five Forks on April 1st, 2d and 3d. Operations were reported as follows:
Forty amputations, major and minor; two exsections, and ton of lesser importance."
REPORTS OF SURGEONS HAYNES AND PAGE. 215
CLXIII. Extracts from the Iteport of the Surgeon of the Artillery Uriyade, Fifth Corps.
By C. F. HAYNES, Surgeon U. S. Volunteers.
* * * "From the 1st of November, 1864, to the 23th of March, 1805, this brigade was engaged in the siege of
Petersburg, Virginia, occupying a camp site near the Weldon railroad, which was the best obtainable in the vicinity of the line
of operations. The place was elevated, but too flat to permit proper drainage, and the soil, which was thin and sandy, reposed
on a substratum of clay, so that it was generally damp. Log huts were erected in sufficient number to accommodate the men.
They were covered with shelter tents, and, with two exceptions, were heated by open fires. These exceptions occurred in
Battery "B," 4th U. S. Artillery, and in Battery "E," 1st New York Artillery, in both of which the men used Sibley stoves. * *
During the active movements of the Fifth Corps a part of the brigade only participated, rarely ever more than three batteries
at a time, until the grand movement on the 28th of March, 1865. In all movements prior to that date the batteries were
assigned to divisions, from which they obtained medical attendance, so that the hospital of the brigade remained before
Petersburg, Virginia, with the greater portion of the command. This hospital was located at Parke's Station, near to the Aikin
house, at a point quite central to batteries. It consisted of three hospital tents and tent flies, pitched upon ground favorable
for drainage and ventilation, where pure water was obtained by sinking a deep well. It was heated by a brick fireplace on
the north side of the middle tent, the three tents being arranged end to end, forming a continuous ward. This ward contained
twenty beds, raised upon bunks two feet wide and one foot apart. A passage two feet in width ran through the centre. The
ground being hard, it was not thought necessary to construct a floor. Ventilation was effected by separating the flaps at each
end by a cross stick. The dispensary was built of logs and covered by a tent fly. Ample supplies were drawn monthly from
the medical purveyor at City Point. The kitchen was built like the dispensary, and divided into two apartments, one used as
a cook room and the other as a dining room. * The attendants, eight in number, occupied four log huts. The hospital
grounds were neatly enclosed by a fence and evergreens, and were at all times thoroughly policed. The burial ground adjoining
the hospital was neatly enclosed. At the head of each grave a board was placed, upon which was legibly engraved the full
name, rank, regiment and battery of the deceased. The hospital made its first movement with the division hospitals of the
Fifth Corps on the 29th of March, 1865, to the Spain house, on the Quaker road, where it bivouacked and assisted in the care
of the wounded of the 1st division. * April 9th, the hospital was established at Appomattox Court-house, where it
remained until April 15th. ' The brigade had a mean aggregate strength of one thousand six hundred men, until it was
separated on the 28th of March. After this it numbered about seven hundred men, six batteries having been transferred to
the artillery reserve before Petersburg. It has usually had a surgeon-in-chief, a surgeon attending sick in hospital, a surgeon
attending sick in quarters, and one hospital steward. Five hundred and fifty-seven sick and seventy-six wounded were
received into hospital during the period embraced in this report. Of these, three hundred and twenty-one were returned to
duty, one hundred and two sent to general hospital, one furloughed, one deserted, two discharged and six died." *
CLXIV. Extracts from the Report of the Medical Director of the Second Corps for March
and April, 1865. By Surgeon CHARLES PAGE, U. S. Army.
"On the 29th of March, 1865, the Second Corps broke camp from its entrenched position, and moved to the
left, by the Vaughan road, across Hatcher's Run, taking position with its right resting on Hatcher's Run and its left extending
to the Quaker road, near its junction with the Boydton plank road. No casualties from battle occurred on the day of the
movement. The hospitals were moved to the left bank of Hatcher's Run, at the crossing of the Vaughan road, and parked.
The ambulance trains were parked at the same place, with the exception of six ambulances to each division, which were to
accompany the troops as closely as the nature of the roads and country would permit. On the 30th, the line being advanced,
the hospital and ambulance trains were brought over the stream, and the 2d and 3d division hospitals were established at a
point on the Vaughan road known as the Chimneys. The site chosen for the 1st division hospital was at a house about two
miles from the junction of the Boydton plank road and the Quaker road, nearly in rear of the centre of the 1st division ; but owing
to bad roads, it was not established until the morning of the 31st. No casualties occurred on this day. The morning of the 31st
of March found the position of troops somewhat changed; the 1st division had extended to the left, and the 3d division occupied
the lines held by it the day before. It was necessary to move the 3d division hospital to the immediate vicinity of that of the
1st division; the latter was not disturbed, as it was yet quite convenient to the line of battle. The 3d division hospital was
late in getting its position owing to bad roads. The wounded during the day numbered as follows : 1st division, two hundred
and ninety-four ; 2d division, seventeen; 3d division, seventy-four; artillery brigade, two ; total, three hundred and eighty-eight.
All were in hospital and attended to during the night. April 1st, the troops of this corps were not engaged, and no wounded
were brought to the rear. The wounded already in hospital were sent to Humphrey's Station, to be transferred to the depot
hospital at City Point. On the 2d of April, the corps being expected to advance, the hospitals were made ready to move at
daylight. The 1st division hospital moved to the Moody house, near the Five Forks, and received two hundred and twelve
wounded. The 2d division hospital moved by the Squirrel Level road to the Boydton plank road, and across the country to
the Cox road, encamping iu the neighborhood of its division, and receiving during the day three wounded. The 3d division
hospital moved up the Boydton plank road toward Petersburg, and camped with its division, receiving during the day
fifty-seven wounded. The artillery brigade hospital accompanied the 3d division hospital, but had no wounded to care for.
The total number of wounded during the day was two hundred and seventy-two. April 3d, the wounded were all sent to
Petersburg for transportation to City Point, and the hospital followed the corps on its march after the enemy. The inarch
continued on the Namozine road to Jetersville without any occurrence of importance until the morning of the 6th of April,
when the corps struck the rear of the enemy near Amelia Springs. A running fight occurred during the day, resulting in
forty-one wounded from the 1st division and one hundred and fifty from the 3d; total, one hundred and nincty-oiif. A hospital
216 APPENDED DOCUMENTS AEMY OF THE POTOMAC, 1865.
for the 1st division was temporarily established at Amelia Springs, and moved forward late in the afternoon to a position near
the corps. The 3d division hospital was established at the Vaughan house, two miles west of Amelia Springs. The corps
moved during the day over ten miles, the advance skirmish lines fighting the enemy's rear guard at every hill on the road for
the greater part of the way. The wounded from the 1st division had necessarily to be conveyed far to the rear, before it could
be arranged to move the hospital nearer the advancing line. The 3d division hospital soon became so full as to make it
impossible to transport the wounded when the hospital was moved, and arrangements were made to keep them at the Vaughan
house, until they could be removed. On the 7th of April, the corps crossed the Appomattox at High Bridge, where there
was a slight skirmish, to the heights northeast of Farmville, where the enemy was found .entrenched. The wounded of the
1st division from the engagement of the 6th, together with a few wounded at High Bridge, were sent by Rice's Station to
Burkesville. After crossing the Appomattox, and late in the afternoon, the hospitals of all the divisions were established
at the Brooks house, and received during the day and night the following numbers of wounded : 1st division, one hundred and
forty-seven; '2d division, twenty-four; 3d division, forty-one; total, two hundred and twelve. April 8th, the enemy was
found to have abandoned his entrenched position, and the corps advanced 011 his line of retreat without coming up to him till
midnight. The wounded of the previous day were sent to Burkesville in the morning, and the hospitals ordered forward
to join the corps. The supply train of the corps arrived in the night, and the empty wagons were sent to take up the
wounded at the Vaughan house and convey them to Burkesville. I have since learned that they had been removed by
ambulances of the Ninth Corps before the wagons reached them. On the 9th, the corps advanced a few miles, and was halted
before reaching the enemy's lines to await the result of the negotiations between the generals, which resulted in the surrender
of the army of northern Virginia. ' The rapidity of our movement, and the extent of country travelled over, rendered
it necessary during this campaign to send the wounded from the field hospitals as speedily as possible, and the distance of the
army depot made it difficult to dispose of them, and retain, at the same time, a sufficient number of ambulances for duty with
the corps. All the wounded sent to the rear were accompanied with the necessary surgical attendance and supplies, and I
believe that no suffering was experienced that could possibly have been avoided."
CLXY. Extracts from the Report of the Medical Inspector of the Second Corps for March
and April, 1865. By Assistant Surgeon C. SMART, U. S. Army.
"During the greater part of the month of March this corps lay in camp in rear of the line of works stretching
from Fort Cummings to Hatcher's Run, at the Vaughan crossing. ' The division hospitals were situated at Patrick's
Station. Early in the month, in expectation of the commencement of the spring campaign, the medicine wagons, and the boxes
of the ambulances, were well stocked with field supplies drawn from the purveyor at City Point. With the view of avoiding the
recurrence of what happened at Reams's Station and on the Boydton road, where, while the engagement was in progress, all
the medicine wagons were, by order, lying in park many miles in rear, the surgeons-in-chief of the 2d and 3d divisions had
recourse to a plan which they hoped would enable them to provide for the wounded even during the temporary absence of their
Autenrieth and Perot wagons. They caused the boxes of several of the ambulances to be filled with battle-field supplies :
chloroform, morphine, lint, plaster, rollers, and whisky, instead of the beef stock and hard bread directed by the supply table.
The ambulances so loaded were marked, and the ambulance officer directed to take them along in all movements in which a
portion of the hospital train, only, was permitted to accompany the troops. About this time, also, the medical transportation
of the corps was ordered to be reduced from forty-four wagons to thirty-seven. But thirty of these were available for carrying
medical supplies, seven being used as forage wagons for the ambulance train. In consequence of this reduction of transportation,
it became necessary to turn over a portion of the medical supplies to the purveyor, and care was taken to retain those articles
which would be most serviceable during active operations. As a further preparation for active operations, an application was
made, by the acting medical director, to have the drummers and musicians of the command report to the surgeon in charge of
the field hospital at the commencement of the campaign. This application was approved and the surgeon in charge was directed
to place them under command of the line officer attached to his hospital, who, with the assistance of two or three non-commis
sioned officers, was expected to maintain discipline, and when work of any description was to be performed, to superintend its
performance. During the campaign of 1864, although it had been ordered that during engagements the drummer boys and
musicians should report to the hospital for duty, but few of them did so in the '2d and 3d divisions, the majority straggling over
the country and doing as they pleased, there being none to exercise any authority over them. The services of those that did
report were of little value, since no one was specially charged with the duty of directing them ; in fact they were looked upon
rather as an incumbrance than as a help. In the 1st division, however, they had been better organized and disciplined, and
were, consequently, found more useful both in doing guard duty and in acting as stretcher bearers when necessary. It was
this experience which suggested the arrangement now ordered. On the 14th of March, a telegram from the medical director
of the army ordered the immediate removal of all those unable to accompany the command on a march, to the depot hospital at
City Point, and it was further ordered that in future the hospitals should be kept in as mobile a condition as possible. In
accordance with these orders on the 15th, 16th and 17th of March, there were sent to the rear seven hundred and seventy-nine
sick and seventy-one wounded. A large proportion of the sick were trivial cases, and many of them were returned to their
regiments for duty in the course of a few days. Very early on the morning of the 25th, the enemy assaulted Fort Steadmau on
the right of the Petersburg front. They captured it, but were subsequently driven out of the work. * * At nine o'clock A . M.,
the Second Corps moved out of the fortifications and advanced westward, in line of battle, for about a mile, when the works of
the enemy were discovered, and a brigade of the 3d division was sent forward to charge the first line of rifle-pits. These they
carried, losing but very few men in the assault. The wounded were speedily conveyed to Patrick's Station, where a couple of
tents were pitched to accommodate them. An active picket firing was kept up till about midday, but the casualties were very
few. At noon a second successful attack was made by the 3d division upon another line of rifle-pits. After this, the picket
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SURGEON C. SMART, U. S. A. 217
firing became particularly sharp, and continued so during the afternoon, until quarter after four o'clock, when the enemy,
having massed in front of Miles's division, assaulted his line with great vigor. The fighting was sharp, and at first chiefly
along that portion of the line held by the Irish brigade, but it gradually extended toward the left, implicating the whole of the
3d division and one or two regiments on -the right of the 2d. A brisk musketry fire was kept up for about two hours, and it
was past eight o'clock in the evening when the enemy ceased to renew his attempts to break the line. During the course of the
afternoon, the Sixth Corps on our right assaulted the enemy's entrenched picket line. As usual during an engagement, all the
medical officers but those attached to the division field hospital reported at the points where the stretcher bearers of each
brigade transferred the wounded to the ambulances, and rendered such aid to the wounded as was necessary before sending
them to the rear. The ambulance corps worked zealously; and very shortly after the termination of the engagement, had all
the wounded lodged at Patrick's Station, where the hospitals had been established. The surgeons in charge were instructed
that their patients must be ready to be moved to City Point by ten o'clock next morning, and that immediately after their
departure the establishments were to be made ready for a sudden movement. In this affair the Second Corps had sixty-four
men killed, and four hundred and forty-four wounded were admitted into the field hospitals, viz. : 1st division, thirty-five killed,
two hundred and eighty-six wounded; 2d division, four killed, twenty-nine wounded; 3d division, twenty-four killed, one
hundred and twenty-nine wounded; artillery brigade, one killed. No casualties occurred in the medical or ambulance depart
ment. Cars reported at Patrick's Station at noon next day, and by one o'clock p. M., all the wounded were on their way to City
Point. All had been attended to, every operation deemed necessary performed, and every wound dressed before the departure
of the train. On the 26th, the troops retired from the line of captured rifle-pits to within the fortifications, where they lay
quietly until the morning of the 29th. On the 28th, the command was again placed under marching orders. The sick and
wounded, one hundred and forty-two in number, were sent to City Point, and the hospitals at Patrick's Station were in readiness to
move after the troops. Special requisitions, filled by the medical purveyor, had replaced the supplies expended during the fight
on the 25th. At six o'clock on the morning of the 29th, the 2d division moved across Hatcher's Run on the Vaughan road, and
was followed by the 3d and 1st. The forenoon was spent in arranging the line of battle, and in making connections with the
Fifth Corps on the left and the Twenty-fourth on the right. The line extended east and west, from the Quaker road to Hatcher's
Run, north of the Vaughan crossing. The 1st division was on the left and the 2d on the right. In the afternoon, while the Fifth
Corps engaged the enemy, our line was pushed forward some distance, but without meeting any opposition. On the following
morning, notwithstanding the heavy rain which fell without intermission during the day, the advance in line of battle was
continued through dense undergrowth and swamps until a position was reached stretching from the Twenty-fourth Corps, on
Hatcher's Run, westward by Crow's house, north of the Dabney Mill road, crossing that road about a quarter of a mile from its
termination in the Boydton plank road, and connecting with the right of the Fifth Corps at Mrs. Rainey's, in the angle formed by
the junction of the Quaker and Boydton roads. * * In the order of march, published for the morning of the 29th, it was directed
that one medicine wagon and one army wagon to each brigade, and one-half of the ambulances should accompany the troops,
and that each train should follow in rear of its division, but as the road was narrow and a rapid movement into line of battle
expected, this order was modified, the trains being directed to remain on the left bank of Hatcher's Run until all the troops and
artillery had crossed. After the troops had formed into line of battle, half a dozen ambulances were sent forward to the imme
diate rear of each division, while the hospital organization remained at the Cummings house, where it was intended the hospital
should be established if a fight took place. On the morning of the 30th, however, the advance of the troops rendered a
corresponding advance, on the part of the trains, necessary. They were accordingly moved over to the west side of the run and
parked to await events. The 2d and 3d divisions at the Chimneys, the remains of a house in an open space, where the road
leading to Dabney's mills leaves the Vaughan road, and the 1st at a wooden building on the main road, between the Chimneys
and the crossing over Gravelly Run. Late in the evening of the 29th, twenty of our ambulances were sent to the field hospital
of the Fifth Corps to aid in conveying the wounded of that command to Humphreys's Station. On the succeeding day about a
hundred wounded cavalrymen, belonging to General Sheridan's command, were admitted to the 2d division hospital, dressed,
and then conveyed across the run for railroad transportation to City Point. Very early on the morning of the 31st, as the
enemy was discovered in heavy force in front of the Fifth Corps, the 1st division of the Second Corps was moved to the left to
support them, the 2d and 3d divisions extending to the left to occupy the vacated part of the line. The hospital of the 1st
division was directed to move forward from the Vaughan road to a clearing about half a mile distant from the Dabney Mill road
on the north, and the Quaker road on the west. At noon, immediately after the hospital train had reached this point, the 1st
division became heavily engaged, and at two o'clock p. M., the 3d division participated to some extent. The wounded were
brought off the field with great promptness. The hospital train of the 3d division was ordered, at midday, to move to some
spot near the position occupied by the 1st, but it was nearly midnight before it succeeded in reaching this point. The Vaughan
road and the wood roads were in a miserable condition, on account of the heavy rains of the previous day, and, moreover, they
were blocked up by ammunition and other heavy wagons, which had found them impassable, until roughly corduroyed. The
wounded of the 3d division, however, did not suffer from the absence of these wagons. They were treated at the 1st division
hospital by the medical officers of their own division until the arrival of the train permitted an establishment of their own to
be formed. The 2d division hospital remained at the Chimneys, as this position was still near enough to the part of the line
held by the troops of that division. The number of killed, and of wounded received into field hospital, was reported as follows:
1st division, forty-three killed, two hundred and ninety-four wounded; 2d division, eighteen wounded; 3d division, four killed,
seventy-four wounded; artillery briagde, two wounded; total, forty-seven killed, three hundred and eighty-eight wounded. No
casualties occurred in the medical or ambulance department. In the afternoon, arrangements were made for the transportation
of the wounded to City Point. The medical officers were instructed to have all operations performed and every case attended
to and ready to be sent to the rear by the following daybreak. The reserve train of ambulances were sent for to carry the
wounded to Warren's Station where a train of cars was expected to be ready at nine o'clock in the morning of the 1st of April, to
convey them to City Point. * * It was not, however, until about ten o'clock on the morning of the 1st, that the ambulances
succeeded in reaching the field hospitals. They had experienced much delay on account of the condition of the roads. By the
218 APPENDED DOCUMENTS AEMY OF THE POTOMAC, 1865.
time they arrived the wounded had all been properly cared for. They were immediately loaded up and sent to the railroad
station. In the meantime some changes were taking place in the position of the troops. The Fifth corps moved off to the left
toward the Five Forks, while the Second extended toward the left to hold the portion of the line thus left unguarded. No
fighting took place during the day, but toward evening and during the succeeding night, heavy cannonading and occasional
musketry fire was heard before Petersburg and near Five Forks, and, at times, the right and left of the Second Corps line was
engaged.
At eight o'clock A. M., April 2d, an advance of part of the 3d division line was ordered, with the effect of driving the
enemy from his advanced works in the neighborhood of Burgess's mills. This was followed, as was subsequently discovered,
by the evacuation of his main line of works. No sooner was this discovered than the Second Corps was started in pursuit.
The 1st division on the left moved toward the Cox road, skirmishing very heavily. The 3d division advanced along the
Boydton road toward Petersburg, near which it formed a line connecting the left of the Sixth Corps with the Appomattox
river; the hospital of this division followed in the rear of the troops, and was established at a suitable point on the road in
rear of the line. The 2d division, accompanied by its field hospital, moved from the position in front of Dabney's mills to the
Boydton road, and thence along the Cox road to Wells's church, where it settled for the night near the bivouac of the 1st division.
The ambulances and hospital train of the 1st division had followed the troops, carrying the wounded along as they picked
them up, until the train being loaded, they were compelled to halt at Moody's house, where a field hospital was formed.
During the afternoon and evening, all the wounded of the 1st division, two hundred and sixteen in number, were carried to
this place. Fifty-nine were received into the hospital of the 3d division, and eight into that of the 2d division, making a total
of two hundred and eighty-three wounded on the 2d of April. Early on the morning of the 3d, part of the reserve ambulances
having returned from Warren's Station, a train was formed to carry the wounded to Petersburg for railroad transportation to
City Point. About the same time, the 3d division joined the main body of the corps at Wells's church, and the whole command,
followed by the hospital wagons and the few ambulances which could be spared, moved westward along the Namozine road. The
corps camped for the night near Namozine church. On the following morning the march was resumed, but before proceeding
far the cavalry divisions, with their trains, blocked up the road in front and impeded our progress. The corps encamped on
Deep Run. At midnight, we were again on the move, and again the cavalry and trains interfered with the advance. By eight
o'clock A. M., the road was clear and the corps pushed on to Jetersville, which was reached early in the afternoon. A position
was here assumed on the left of the Fifth Corps, and temporary works were thrown up. On the morning of the 6th, these
works were abandoned, and an advance toward Amelia Court-house was commenced, in progress of which, near the Sulphur
Springs, the rear of the enemy's column was found. This changed the direction and manner of the march. A line of battle
was formed, and the enemy was pursued through Deatonsville, toward High Bridge on the Appomattox. Skirmishing with
their rear was kept up till eight o'clock p. M., when the corps bivouacked on Sailor's Creek, where a large portion of the rebel
wagon and ambulance train had been captured. The hospital of the 1st division was established early in the day at Amelia
Springs, those of the 2d and 3d divisions at the Vaughan house, about a mile from this. Sixty wounded were collected at the
hospital of the 1st division, and one hundred and seventy at that of the 3d division, making a total of two hundred and thirty.
Of these, a dozen belonged to the cavalry, and twenty-five were rebels. The 2d division had no wyounded. In the evening, all
the ambulances that could be spared from the advance reported at the hospitals, to carry as many of the wounded as possible to
Burke's Station, where a depot hospital had been formed. Medical officers, with supplies and attendants, were left with the
remainder. On the following morning, the rear of the enemy was again struck at High Bridge, and skirmishing recommenced,
continuing, with more or less activity, until about nine o'clock P. M., when the corps bivouacked near Farmville, on the right
of the army, the 2<l division on the right of the corps front, the 1st division in the centre, and the 3d division connecting with
the right of the Sixth Corps. During the early part of this day's running fight no hospitals were established, but the wounded
were carried along after the advance until near Farmville, where the enemy made a determined stand. On this the field
hospitals were established, about a mile and a half in rear of the line of battle, at the Brocks house. The cases received
numbered as follows: 1st division, one hundred and fifty; 2d division, twenty-four; 3d division, thirty-five; total, two hundred
and nine. These were operated on during the night, and, in the morning, dispatched to the depot at Burkesville, in a train
consisting of ambulances belonging to the Ninth Corps, some of which had been captured from the rebels, and a few of those
belonging to this command. In the meantime, the enemy having evacuated his Farmville defences, the troops were advancing
in pursuit through Buckingham County, but they did not overtake the enemy so as to engage him. At midnight they
bivouacked about a mile west of New Store. After settling in camp for the night, commissary stores were issued, and in the
morning, the empty wagons were started for the Vaughan house to carry the wounded left there on the afternoon of the 6th by
the 3d division, to Burke's Station. But, as was afterward ascertained, these wagons were not required, some ambulances
belonging to the Ninth Corps having already transported the wounded from that point to the depot. On the 9th, no fighting
took place on account of the negotiations then in progress between the commanders of the two armies, which terminated on
the afternoon of that day in the surrender of the enemy. According to the regimental reports, the casualties during the month
were as follows : Killed; 1st division, eighty-six; 2d division, seven ; 3d division, forty-nine ; total, one hundred and forty-two.
Wounded; 1st division, four hundred and eighty-one; 2<1 division, thirty-four ; 3d division, two hundred and seventy-six;
artillery brigade, seven ; total, seven hundred and ninety-eight. If to these are added the casualties of March 31st, the losses of
the corps, during the campaign, will amount to one hundred and eighty-nine killed, and one thousand one hundred and eighty-
six wounded. On the llth, as the troops were under orders to move to Burkesville, the few severe cases of sickness in the
command were placed in ambulances and sent on ahead, that they might avoid the fatigues and delays incident to transportation
in the rear of their commands. On the morning of the 12th, the march was commenced, and on the afternoon of the 14th, the
corps went into camp in the angle formed by the Lynchburg road and that leading to Danville. The 3d division formed camp
near the former road, the 1st division near the latter, while the 2d division occupied the centre. The march to this place was
very fatiguing. The delays experienced on account of the bad character of the roads, the labor required to improve them, and
the exposure to the rain which fell almost unremittingly during the march, had considerable influence in inducing the increased
REPORT OF CAPTAIN J. G. PELTON, CHIEF OF AMBULANCES. 219
sickness in the command, which showed itself immediately after settling in camp. The men encamped under shelter tents
which they raised from the ground on uprights about a foot and a half high. The hunk or bed place in each was likewise
raised. Those regiments which encamped in the open ground where there was no shade, built arbors over their quarters for
protection from the heat. The 1st division had an excellent location on an irregular site, with good natural drainao-e, and an
abundant supply of good water. The soil of the camp site of the 2d division was more retentive of moisture and good water
was scarce. The different regimental commands dug wells, but the water, which Avas obtained at no great distance from
the surface, was not clear, and, except when freshly drawn, had a surface water taste. The 3d division was encamped in a
belt of woods; water was plentiful and good in the ravines. The division field hospitals were established on good sites in the
vicinity of their commands. During the remainder of the month there was an increase of sickness in the corps, not so much in
the number taken sick as in the gravity of the cases. The cases of diarrhoea, which was the prevailing disease, became very
obstinate, and were accompanied with very great and rapidly increasing prostration, resembling the disease as seen during the
Peninsular campaign of 1862. The fatigue of recent active service, and the bad water in the second division had, no doubt,
their influence in producing this condition, but I attribute it chiefly to the lack of a proper supply of vegetables. Since the
camps near Hatcher's Run were broken up there had been issued but one or two rations of potatoes and a small quantity of
beans to a portion of the command. Nevertheless, no well marked cases of scurvy are recorded by the medical officers, except
in one or two instances of men recently returned from southern prisons. Next to the diarrhoea, in order of importance, was
pneumonia, and in the 2d division hospital a number of cases of measles were treated, the disease having been brought to
camp by some recruits. ; On the 20th, a train of twelve ambulances was dispatched to Amelia Court-house with supplies
for some wounded rebels quartered there, with orders to transport such of them, as were in proper condition to endure it, to the
Farmville hospital. On the 29th, the Confederate hospital at Farmville, now under charge of Surgeon O. Evans, 40th New
York, having been placed under the control of the medical director of the Second Corps, a train of ambulances was sent to
carry to their homes, in the vicinity of Petersburg, a hundred of the inmates, who were so far recovered from their wounds as
to be able to travel. They were brought to Burkesville and placed in the cars for Petersburg. On the same night, three
thousand rations were sent out to supply the necessities of those still remaining in this hospital, six hundred and fifty in number,
among whom were twenty-seven of our own men, who were unable to be removed on account of the character of their
wounds." * *
CLXVI. Extracts from the Report of the Operations of the Ambulance Corps of the Second
Corps during March and April, 1865. By Captain J. Gr. PELTOJST, Chief of Ambulances.
"On the evening of March 27th, orders were. received to be ready to move at six o'clock on the following
morning with one-half of the ambulances of each division, one medicine wagon and one army wagon to each brigade, and one
additional wagon to each division for the transportation of forage. They were ordered to follow in the rear of their respective
divisions, the balance of the corps trains being ordered to be parked near the Ciltnmings house, in charge of Lieutenant
McCarthy of the 1st division train. His instructions were to report to the chief quartermaster of the corps and accompany the
general trains. On the morning of the 28th, the trains moved out on the Vaughan road in accordance with orders received
but upon arriving at Humphreys's Station it was found that the corps had not as yet moved out, consequently the trains were
parked in the open field near the station until the troops moved. At the crossing of Hatcher's Run it was found that it would
be impracticable for the trains to follow in the rear of their division, as the roads were narrow, and it was not exactly known
how soon the enemy would be found. At the request of Major General Humphreys, the trains were therefore halted and
parked in an open field on the north bank of the stream until the corps had crossed; the stretcher-men, however, crossed
with their commands. On the 29th, the trains were ordered to cross, and, in accordance with orders, parked at a place known
as the Three Chimneys, where a hospital was established. During its stay at this place all the drivers were engaged in
building roads to the front. On the evening of the 150th, orders were received to send twenty ambulances to assist the Fifth
Corps in removing their wounded. Twenty-one were sent, and Lieutenant Lillebridge of the 2d division train was detailed to
take command, assisted by a sergeant from each division train. He reached the Fifth Corps hospital a little before davlight
on the morning of the 31st, loaded his ambulances, and proceeded to Humphreys's Station. After unloading the wounded, he
rejoined his command on the evening of the 31st. During the afternoon of the 31st, Lieutenant Callanen of the 2d division
train received orders from Medical Director McParlin to remove the wounded of the cavalry which were at that time in the
2d division hospital. For this purpose seventeen ambulances were sent to Humphreys's Station. In the meantime orders were
given him, in case he needed more ambulances, to send for his reserve train, which he did. During this day the 1st division
was engaged with the enemy. Ambulances were sent to the front, and the wounded were conveyed to the hospitals established
near the Vaughan road. Twenty-four ambulances of the 1st division were subsequently sent to Warren's Station with wounded,
under the charge of Lieutenant Clark of the 1st division ambulance corps. Lieutenant Paxton of the 1st division train also
took ten ambulances of the 1st division, nine of the 2d division, and sixteen of the third division, loaded with wounded to
Warren's Station. April 1st, Lieutenant Clark returned with his train, and followed the division with nine ambulances. On
the same day, Lieutenant Chase of the 1st division joined the command with twenty-four ambulaces, four medicine wagons and
five army wagons. Lieutenant Paxton also joined the command with the train he had taken to Warren's Station. April 2d. the
1st division was heavily engaged, and the train employed in removing the wounded to the hospital which had been established
at the Moody house. Lieutenant Paxton followed the division with nine ambulances to the Sullivan house, near the Southside
railroad, and the whole night was employed in carrying wounded of the 1st division from the Moody and Sullivan houses to
the Boydton plank road. April 3d, Lieutenant Chase, with eight ambulances and the hospital train, joined the division at the
Sullivan house, and followed the troops. Lieutenant Clark, with the remaining thirty-five ambulances anil ten of the lid
division, loaded with wounded, left the hospital for Warren's Station. The roads being very heavy, several animals died un
220 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, 1865.
the march from exhaustion. April 4th, the remaining train followed in the rear of the corps heavily laden with sick. April
5th, the trains followed the corps with sick. April 6th, broke camp at daylight, and followed the troops to near Amelia Springs,
where they became engaged with the enemy. The trains were immediately ordered to the Springs. The wounded of the 1st
and 3d divisions were brought to the Springs house by the stretcher-bearers until the ambulances arrived, and then it was not
deemed proper to send many ambulances to the front on account of the road being narrow, with a dense woods on each side,
and in case of a retrograde movement of the troops, the train would of course be in the way. They therefore remained at the
Springs house until the troops had advanced some miles, when the 1st and 3d divisions were engaged with the enemy. The 2d
division being on the extreme right, and finding no enemy, the train of the 2d division was ordered to assist the 1st and 3d
divisions in removing their wounded. The corps having advanced several miles, it was found that the number of ambulances
present was not adequate to the demand. A hospital was therefore established for the 2d and 3d divisions at the Vaughan
house, which relieved the ambulances and stretcher-men very materially. The corps still advanced, and at night encamped
near Sailor's Creek, the trains bringing up the wounded from Amelia Springs, and parking near the corps headquarters. On
the 7th, Lieutenant Clark of the 1st division train was ordered to proceed with twenty-seven ambulances, loaded with wounded,
to Burkesville Junction. Fifteen ambulances of the 2d division, and all but seven of the ambulances of the 3d division, were
also sent to Burkesville with the wounded of the 3d division. Upon arriving at High Bridge, quite a number of wounded were
found belonging to the 2d division. These were loaded in nine ambulances, which were ordered to join the train which had
started for Burkesville half an hour before. The remainder of the train followed the corps. Upon advancing about a mile
beyond the Brooks house, the 1st division became engaged with the enemy, as did also the 3d division. During the day a
hospital was established at the Brooks house, and the wounded were removed to it as speedily as could be done with the
number of ambulances we had to work with. ' April 8th, having left quite a number of wounded at the Vaughan house,
we were informed that the Ninth Corps ambulances had been ordered to assist us in removing them, whereupon Lieutenant
Crawley of the 2d division train was ordered to High Bridge to meet them and conduct them to the above mentioned house.
In the meantime all the ambulances of the corps, except eleven, were loaded with wounded at the Brooks house and sent to
Burkesville in charge of Lieutenant Clark of the 1st division. On the 9th, the hospital train, with eleven ambulances, was
ordered to follow in the rear of the corps. The trains, however, had scarcely moved out of park before a halt was ordered, it
being announced that the army of northern Virginia had surrendered." *
CLXYII. Extracts from the Report of the Medical Inspector of the Ninth Corps for
March, 1865. By Assistant Surgeon SAMUEL ADAMS, U. S. Army.
"At half-past four o'clock on the morning' of March 25th, the enemy made an assault on the lines at Fort
Steadman. They moved in three columns : one swept down to the left, toward Battery No. 9, one to the right, toward Fort
Haskel; while a third moved forward directly toward Fort Steadman. Deserters had been coming in for several nights
previously, bringing their guns and equipments with them. On this occasion the enemy advanced in squads toward Fort
Steadman, as the deserters had been doing, and by this ruse the picket line at this point was enveloped and captured before
the alarm could be given. * The main line, however, was alarmed, and the troops were ready to meet the assault
promptly, but the enemy swept over the parapet and overpowered the garrison of Battery No. 10, killing and capturing the
cannoniers at their guns. They then pushed forward to Fort Steadman, capturing its guns and the garrison, composed of one
battalion of the 14th New York Heavy Artillery. After thus breaking through the lines, they came upon the camps of the 57th
and 29th Massachusetts, and of the 100th Pennsylvania, driving them from their quarters, and pushing forward their line
of skirmishers to the road and hills in rear of Fort Steadman, nearly as far as Meade's Station. The 57th Massachusetts fell
back and reformed, acting as skirmishers. General Wilcox sent the 17th Michigan and the 200th and 209th Pennsylvania to
oppose the enemy's advance toward Meade's Station, and the 1st brigade of the 3d division was ordered down from the left of the
line at a double quick. General Hartranft, with three regiments, now made an attack to check the further advance of the
enemy, but was obliged to fall back and act on the defensive, the enemy being in too great numbers. The 200th Pennsylvania
lost one hundred men in this attack. The enemy now moved up along the works and captured Battery No. 11, and turned its
guns, with those of the other forts, upon our troops. The attention of our artillery was mainly directed to Fort Steadman, on
which the guns from Forts Haskel and McGilverey poured a very destructive fire. Batteries were also posted on the hills near
Meade's Station, and Fort Friend and the Dunn house battery opened upon the advancing rebels and the captured forts. The
1st brigade, 3d division, now came up, and General Parke sent a dispatch to General Hartranft to retake the forts. The division
formed in line of battle, with the 17th Michigan and 57th Massachusetts. * * The enemy was driven from the forts with
heavy loss. His force had consisted of three divisions of infantry, under the command of Major General Gordon. They lost
about two hundred killed and nineteen hundred and forty-nine prisoners. In the 2d brigade, 1st division of the Ninth Corps,
thirty-six men were killed and six hundred and forty-eight wounded or captured; in the 3d division, two hundred and fifty-
eight were killed, wounded and missing. The wounded were promptly brought in, the stretcher-bearers and ambulances being
constantly with the advancing troops. The great majority of the rebel wounded fell into our hands. The wounds were all
very severe in character, and an unusually large number of shell wounds of the thigh and legs demanding amputation, were
observed. As the 2d division of the corps was not engaged, the rebel wounded were all sent to the field hospitals of this
division, and were as promptly and as kindly cared for as our own men. Unusual facilities were afforded in caring for the
wounded, as the scene of action was so near the field hospitals of the corps, which were in most efficient and thorough working
order. All the severe cases, about eighty-three in number, including those in which capital operations had been necessary, were
retained at the hospital, and when the corps moved on the 3d of April, were transferred to the hospital of the 1st division,
which remained behind to garrison Petersburg, its field hospital remaining in its old location. In this way, I arn satisfied,
many lives were saved." *
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SURGEON E. J. MARSH, U. S. A. 221
CLXVIII. Extracts from the, Report of the Chief Medical Officer of the Second Division,
Cavalry Corps, Army of the Potomac, from January 1 to March 28, 18G5. By Assistant
Surgeon E. J. MARSH, U. S. Army.
* "January 1, 1865, the 2d cavalry division, under command of Brevet Major General D. McM. Gregg, was
composed of the following troops: 1st brigade, Brigadier General II. E. Davies, 1st Pennsylvania, 1st New Jersey, 1st Massa
chusetts, 10th New York, 24th New York Cavalry, and Horse Battery A, 2d U. S. Artillery; aggregate strength, two thousand
six hundred and fifty-eight men; 2d brigade, Brevet Brigadier General J. I. Gregg, 2d, 4th, 8th, 13th, and 16th Pennsylvania
Cavalry, and Horse Battery I, 1st U. S. Artillery; aggregate strength, two thousand eight hundred and two men ; 3d brigade,
Brevet Brigadier General C. H. Smith, 1st Maine, 21st Pennsylvania, 2d New York Mounted Rifles, 6th and 13th Ohio Cavalry;
aggregate strength, two thousand nine hundred and eighty-two men. There was also a cavalry depot and dismounted camp
for recruits, convalescents from northern hospitals, and for the dismounted men of the command. They remained here till
they could be mounted and equipped. There were several vacancies of regimental medical officers, but more than one present to
each regiment. The total number of medical officers present for duty on the 1st of January was twenty-six. * * The division
hospital was situated near the camp of the division in a central and convenient position. It was formed of hospital tents, and had
beds for one hundred and twenty patients. There was a surgeon in charge, three assistant medical officers, two hospital stewards,
and twenty-seven attendants. The ambulance corps was in charge of Lieutenant John R. West, 16th Pennsylvania Cavalry.
There were but two brigade ambulance officers, a vacancy existing in the 2d brigade. There was a full complement of men,
wagons and ambulances, the number of ambulances being twenty-six, with three medicine wagons and fifteen army wagons.
The ambulances were mostly old, but in good repair and serviceable. January 24th, by permission of the acting medical
director of the army, I issued a circular directing surgeons-in-chief of brigades to turn over the medical property in the
ambulances to the surgeon in charge of the division hospital, and placing upon him the responsibility of keeping the boxes
filled. I did this because the ambulance property is used exclusively in the field hospital, over which the surgeon-in-chief of
brigades have no control, and confusion of accounts often arise from the fact of several officers being responsible for property
in the same hospital. The division was encamped on the Jerusalem plank road, beyond the rear line of earthworks, and near
the crossing of the Blackwater. The situation of all the camps was good, they were well laid out, with excellent huts, and
proper sanitary regulations were generally observed. During the month, the division remained in camp, having merely the
ordinary picket duty to perform. The issue of fresh vegetables during the month was scanty, but still no signs of a scorbutic
condition were observed. The health of the command was good. There were some obstinate and serious cases of chronic
diarrhoea and a few severe cases of fever, but not as many of diseases of the respiratory organs as might have been anticipated
from the frequent rain storms, and the extreme and rapid variations of the temperature. * *
February 1st, I received orders from the medical director to send off all the sick and wounded who would be unable to
accompany the command in case of a move. At three o'clock P. M., I sent one hundred and eighty-one patients to City Point.
A few, however, arrived from one of the regiments too late to be sent, and were placed in hospital. February 4th, we received
orders to move at three o'clock A. M., next morning. I was directed to take fourteen ambulances, but no wagons were allowed
on account of the condition of the roads. Surgeon Lovejoy was to take charge of the field hospital, with half the attendants
of the division hospital. He was directed to take such shelter, food and dressings as could be carried in one of the ambulances.
As the division hospital was to remain standing, I left Assistant Surgeon Durgin, 1st Massachusetts Cavalry in charge, with
forty-seven patients who had been admitted since February 1st. February 5th, at three o'clock A. M., the division moved by
the Jerusalem plank road and Geary's church to Reams's Station; and after a short halt, proceeded by the Halifax and Malone
roads to Malone' s bridge, over the Rowanty. Here we found a small force of the enemy on the opposite bank of the creek,
and after a short skirmish drove them from their line of breastworks, and captured several prisoners. We lost one man killed
and two wounded. We then proceeded by some country by-roads to Dinwiddie Court-house. We met no force of the enemy
at that place. We sent parties up and down the Boydton plank road, capturing a number of wagons and prisoners. We
remained there some time, and attempted to communicate with General Warren on the Vaughan road, but unsuccessfullv, as a
force of the enemy was found between the two forces. We then returned by the same road by which we had advanced to
Malone's bridge. In the afternoon we communicated with General Warren by a cross road. During the day the weather was
mild and pleasant but the roads were very muddy, especially the wood and field road by which we had advanced. In returning
they were almost impassable. We reached the Rowanty about dark. One brigade, only, crossed, and the others camped on
the south side. At half-past twelve A. M., we again started on the road to join General Warren at the crossing of the Vaughan
and Quaker roads. The weather had grown cold after dark, and when we started, the roads were completely frozen and we
suffered greatly from the cold. On joining General Warren, we found his command marching to Hatcher's Run, and followed
in his rear. We were ordered to mass in some open fields before crossing the run, and put out skirmishers expecting the enemy.
The Fifth Corps was posted on both sides of the run awaiting the enemy's approach. I sent surgeon Abbott, 1st Massachusetts
Cavalry, back to the Cummings house, on the Vaughan road to select a place for the hospital in case it should become necessary
to establish one. After some time the enemy appeared in our rear and some skirmishing occurred. There was not much fighting,
however, until afternoon, when they attacked in some force. They were, however, easily repulsed, but we had several officers
and men killed and wounded. The wounded were temporarily dressed on the field, and sent back in the ambulances to the
hospital at the Cummings house. A brigade of the 2d division of the Fifth Corps was sent up in the morning as a support to
the cavalry; they formed line in rear of our division. The 1st and 3d brigades were dismounted and had their horses sent
across Hatcher's Run. About two o'clock, the Fifth Corps was ordered to advance, and proceeded by the Dabney's mill road.
At the same time the 2d brigade of the cavalry division was ordered to drive the enemy down the Vaughan road and across
Gravelly Run if possible. This brought on a general engagement along our line; with the help of the infantry, which
had been ordered up, we drove the enemy from their rifle-pits and some distance into the woods. The firing was quite heavy,
222 APPENDED DOCUMENTS — TWENTY-FOURTH CORPS, 1865.
and we had a number killed and wounded. At the same time the Fifth Corps became engaged on the Dabney's mill road on
our right. The wounded were, as far as possible, dressed temporarily and removed rapidly to the hospital. The ambulance
corps did remarkably well. All the officers were active and energetic, and the men worked hard in bringing the wounded off
the field. The ambulances were brought as far to the front as possible, and two ambulance horses were wounded by bullets.
After driving the enemy from the field, we held our position till dark. As soon as the fighting was over and all the wounded
removed from the field, I went back to the hospital. Here I found about fifty-five wounded. Surgeon Lovejoyhad taken some
out -houses for hospital use and had also, put up tent-tlies; had procured straw for bedding, and had fed all the patients. The
wounds were mostly dressed and some of the necessary operations had been performed. Others continued to occupy the
surgeons till midnight. In the evening I received orders from Surgeon Page, U. S. A., acting medical director of the army, to
send as many as were dressed and could be carried in the ambulances to Patrick's Station, where cars would be ready to receive
them. About thirty were sent off and the rest made comfortable for the night. The next morning some more operations were
performed, and all the remainder of the wounded, but four or five, were then sent to the railroad. February 7th, the 1st and
3d brigades were ordered to the junction of the Halifax and Wyatt roads. They arrived in the afternoon and went into camp.
The 2d brigade remained at Hatcher's Run, and as there was some little skirmishing, some ambulances and dressings were left
with them. The weather had been cloudy and chilly on the 6th, and during the night some snow fell. On the morning of the
7th, it rained hard and continued raining nearly all day. On the 8th it was clear, arid the 1st and 3d brigades were ordered
back to their old camps at the Jerusalem plank road. The 2d brigade was ordered to the Halifax and Wyatt roads, and on
Wednesday also returned to camp. I broke up the hospital at the Cummings house and took the few remaining wounded to
the division hospital. During the expedition the number admitted into division hospital was sixty-four. The total number of
casualties, according to regimental reports, was thirteen killed, ninety-one wounded, nine missing; total, one hundred and
thirteen. * *
February 13th, Acting Staff Surgeon G. W. Colby, late surgeon of the 1st Maine Cavalry, reported for duty, and was
assigned to the charge of the hospital, relieving Acting Staff Surgeon Lovejoy. * * During the remainder of the month, the
division remained in camp ; the picket duty was increased by the recent lengthening of the lines toward the left. The health
of the command was, however, good, and there were but few admissions into hospital. Unfortunately, but very few vegetables
could be issued, and, in the latter part of the month, the patients admitted showed spongy gums, and a few cases of scurvy
appeared. ; The number of sick admitted into the division hospital between February 7th and 28th was but fifty-seven.
The character of the diseases was the same as in last month. Zymotic diseases furnishing the greater number, acute rheumatism
showing an increase, while diseases of the respiratory organs remained about the same. About the middle of January, a case
of varioloid occurred in the 13th Ohio Cavalry. The patient had just returned from furlough. He was at once isolated, and
the regiment was vaccinated. Vaccination was also ordered throughout the whole division, but was not entirely accomplished
till the end of February. In the first week of February, two other cases occurred, one in the 8th Pennsylvania, and one in the
1st New Jersey, both in men recently returned from furlough. By this time a small pox hospital had been established, to which
the men were at once removed. No other cases occurred. * * During the greater part of the month of March the division
remained encamped in its winter quarters. The health of the troops continued good. The rations were abundant, but there
continued to be a great deficiency of fresh vegetables. In consequence, many of the cases admitted to hospital exhibited a
scorbutic tendency, and a few marked cases of scurvy appeared. March 14th, orders were received to send all sick to City
Point, which was done, and nearly all the hospital tents were taken down and packed, preparatory to a move. Two wards
were left standing, to admit cases until the command actually moved. March 28th, the remainder of the sick were sent off, and
everything completely packed ready to move. On this day, the division was detached from the army of the Potomac, and
ordered to report to Major General Sheridan." *
CLXIX. Extracts from the Report of the Medical Director of the Twenty-fourth Corps,
Army of the James, from March 27 to April 30, 18G5. By Surgeon J. B. MORRISON,
U. S. Volunteers.
" On the evening of the 27th of March, the 1st division, commanded by Brigadier General R. S. Foster, and
the independent division, commanded by Brevet Major General J. W. Turner, left their winter camps on the north side of the
James river, accompanied by Brigadier General Birney's division of the Twenty-fifth Corps, and crossed the James and
Appomattox rivers during the night. The march was continued until the evening of the 28th, when we bivouacked in the rear
of the Second Corps, south of Petersburg. The 3d division of this corps, commanded by Brigadier General Charles Devens,
was left for the purpose of holding the position occupied by the corps during the winter. We started with twenty-five
ambulances to each division. On the morning of the 29th, we relieved the Second Corps, and established our headquarters at the
point occupied by its headquarters. On the mornings of the 30th and 31st, the sick of the command were sent by railroad from
Humphreys's Station to City Point, there to take the boat for the Point of Rocks hospital. On the 30th, we had some fighting
near Hatcher's Run. I established the field hospital of the corps on the Vaughan road, about a mile in rear of the troops.
The wounded were received and cared for with promptness. They numbered one hundred and nine. Next morning they were
sent on the cars to City Point. On the morning of the 2d of April, we attacked the enemy's lines and carried them, continuing
our march until we reached Fort Gregg, near Petersburg, which we captured with a loss of five hundred and ninety killed
and wounded. Early the same morning, I had ordered the hospital on the Vaughan road to follow the troops, and the ambu
lances left on the north side of the James river, when we commenced our march, had arrived, making, in all, seventy-six
ambulances with our two divisions. I established the hospital about half a mile from Fort Gregg. All the wounded were
well cared for, and sent to Warren's Station in ambulances, to take the cars for City Point, and 'from thence by boat to Point
of Rocks. About one hundred and fifty were sent on the night of the 2d, and all the others on the following day. The
REPORT OF SURGEON J. T. GHISELIN, U. S. A. 223
wounded were well cared for, and the dead properly interred. On the morning of the 3d, the troops moved for Sutherland
Station, where they arrived in the evening, and bivouacked for the night. Here I found eight wounded rebels in a car. I
had them cared for, and sent to Petersburg in ambulances next morning. We moved at half past eight o'clock A. M., on the 4th,
and advanced on the Cox road toward Wilson's Station, where we halted for the night. On the march I found nearly forty
wounded rebels and four of our own wounded, who had been left by the rebels in buildings on the roadside. There were two
rebel medical officers with them. I left with them several days' supplies of food, medicines, dressings, etc. At Wilson's Station,
on the morning of the 5th, we left some sick under the care of Surgeon Ainsworth, U. S. V. Two ambulances and supplies
were left with them. At Burkesville Junction we found a rebel hospital containing some thirty or forty sick and wounded
rebels, under the care of two rebel medical officers. Here we established our corps field hospital. On the 6th, the corps moved
toward Farmville to meet the retreating rebel army and check its progress, which was successfully done in the afternoon, about
seven miles from Burkesville Junction, near Rice's Station. Part of the hospital was left at Burkesville, with several medical
officers and a good quantity of supplies, while the other portion accompanied the troops, and was established at a farm-house
near the battle ground on the 6th, receiving and caring for fifty wounded, who were properly attended to and sent back to
Burkesville in ambulances during the night. On the 7th, we moved for Farmville. At the Watson farm-house, about three
miles east of Farmville, we found about thirty of our own wounded and twenty -five rebels, who had been wounded the day
before in the fight near High Bridge. I left medical officers and supplies with them. They were soon afterward sent to
Burkesville. We arrived at Farmville on the afternoon of the 7th. Here we found a large rebel hospital containing about one
thousand patients, with plenty of medical officers and a fair supply of provisions and medicines. On the 8th, we marched
thirty-three miles. On the morning of the 9th, we encountered the retreating enemy on the Lynchburg road, about one mile
west of the Appomattox Court-house. On the same day the rebel army surrendered. The field hospitals of the corps were
then established at Appomattox Station. When the cavalry of General Sheridan were ordered away, their wounded, eighty or
ninety in number, were left in my charge. I furnished medical care, food, etc., and had them sent in ambulances to the railroad
station, and placed on the cars with our own wounded and a number of wounded rebels. At Farmville wagons met them
and conveyed them to Burkesville. Those who could not endure wagon transportation were left at the rebel hospital at
Farmville * I also furnished ambulances to convey the rebel wounded to our hospital at Appomattox Station, where they
were well attended to. On Thursday, April 13th, I sent a large train of ambulances to Burkesville, conveying tha rebel
wounded and some sixty of our own wounded. Many of the ambulances in this train had been turned over to us by the
rebels. * We left Appomattox Court-house on the 17th, and marched eighteen miles toward Burkesville, encamping for
the night at Prospect Station. Next morning we started for Farmville, where we arrived early in the afternoon. We
bivouacked for the night about three miles east of Farmville. At Farmville I found in the rebel hospital about one hundred
and forty wounded belonging to the different corps of our army. * * 1 had all who could bear transportation in ambulances
started on the morning of the 19th for Burkesville, where they arrived that afternoon. I was obliged, however, to leave about
forty of them, whose condition was such that they could not have endured transportation. In view of this, I consulted with
General Curtin, then in command of the post, who informed me that he intended to leave a medical officer and an abundance
of supplies with them when he left the place. We arrived at Burkesville on the 19th, and remained until the morning of the
22d, when we started for Richmond. Meantime I had all the sick and wounded sent by cars to Petersburg, under the care
of efficient medical officers. The troops arrived at Manchester on the 24th, crossed the James river, and passed through
Richmond on the 25th. We are now encamped about three miles from the city. In regard to the medical and hospital property
tinned over by the rebels, I have to say that there is but little. It was sent over in parcels, and at different times, and before
it could be collected some of it was lost or destroyed by our own men, there being no guard on the wagon park. However,
Surgeon Guild, General Lee's medical director, informed me that there was but little to transfer. In the midst of the general
bustle and confusion, I did the best I could to collect it."
CLXX. Report of the Medical Director of the Army of the Middle Military Division from
August 27 to December 31, 1864:. By Surgeon J. T. GIIISELIN, U. S. Army.
IlEADQUAUTKRS MIDDLE MILITARY DlVISIOX,
MEDICAL DIRECTOR'S OFFICE, January 26, 1865.
GENERAL : On the 27th of August, 1864. I reported as medical director of the Middle Military Division, from which
date to December 31, 1864, inclusive, I have the honor to report, in brief detail, the operations of the medical department.
This report will refer only to the army, as nearly the whole effective force of this division, composed of the Sixth and Nineteenth
Corps, army of West Virginia and cavalry, has been in the field, operating under the name of army of the Middle Military
Division, to which my duties have been almost exclusively confined. My first effort, on arrival, was to ascertain, if possible,
the exact condition of the medical department, but the difficulties in the way of obtaining information appeared insurmountable,
as no staff' department had even an incipient organization; in fact, the confusion was all that might be anticipated in a command
so new and composed in part of small commands accustomed to act independently. The veteran Sixth Corps was the only one
prepared for a campaign, and its creditable condition was due mainly to the energy and ability of its medical director, Surgeon
S. A. Holman, U. S. V. The first steps toward organization consisted in the adoption of a system regulating the formation
and management of field hospitals, in prescribing a uniform plan of drawing and issuing medical supplies, and in strictly
enforcing the ambulance law. Our base being Harper's Ferry, a depot for medical supplies was opened at once, and a large
quantity of tl.e most important field supplies were ordered by telegraph. These; were distributed among the corps so as to
supply their immediate wants. After a careful review of all the important medicines and supplies furnished, and guided by the
experience ol'a previous campaign, a selection was made, which, it was intended, should contain a sufficient number of nu'dicinen
224: APPENDED DOCUMENTS MIDDLE MILITARY DIVISION, 18(54.
and all essential dressings and appliances, while it should not be too cumbrous, so that it might always be readily taken with
the troops in the field. This selection was embodied, together with a plan of drawing and issuing supplies, in a circular issued
from this office, September 10th. The acting medical purveyor was furnished with a copy of this circular, and was ordered to
require for, and issue supplies in accordance with it. In this system, the division, and not the brigade, was made the unit of
organization for the medical department, botli as regards supplies, transportation and field hospitals. The division system has
afforded me the means of caring, with the utmost celerity, for large numbers of wounded thrown suddenly upon the medical
department, as after the battles of Winchester and Middletown or Cedar Creek, and it has met the approval of all the medical
officers of the army. Previous to the adoption of this plan, in all the troops except the Sixth Corps, hospitals were established
without system, after a battle, and much confusion consequently resulted. This, I endeavored to obviate by an order prescribing
a uniform mode of organizing field hospitals. The general plan was the same as that introduced in the army of the Potomac,
bv Surgeon J. Letterman, U. S. A., and of which, I had frequently witnessed the good effects, while serving in that army. An
operating staff is appointed, as well as a medical officer in charge of food and shelter, a second officer in charge of records, and
these report, before an engagement, to a surgeon who has the general charge of the hospital, and who receives orders from the
Burgeon-in-chief of division. Previous to my arrival, supplies had been issued to the troops in the field, by acting medical
purveyors stationed with the commands, which they had supplied indiscriminately, there being no order to guide them,
regulating the issues or the amount of supplies to be kept on hand. It was soon found that these purveyors were unnecessary,
as every brigade kept on hand the authorized supply, and could draw upon the division hospital when requisite. Having thus
systematized, to some extent, the manner of furnishing this army with medical supplies, prescribed the kind and quantity of
each to be kept on hand, concentrated a large store of all the essentials at the base, ready for emergencies, as well as organized
a system of field hospitals, in which wounded could be cared for after an engagement, and the sick during marches and while in
camp, I had but to make suitable provision for relieving the army of its wounded as rapidly as they might accumulate. For
this purpose, I increased a small hospital of about three hundred beds, at Sandy Hook, to a capacity of thirteen hundred, and
stationed a medical officer at the base as medical director of transportation, with instructions to receive all sick and wounded,
and to forward the moderately severe cases to Baltimore, retaining the very severe as well as the very slight cases for treatment
at Sandy Hook, or at Frederick. This officer received a daily report of the number of vacant beds in the general hospital at
Frederick, and was thus guided in the shipment of cases. He also had charge of feeding and dressing the wounded, and kept
me informed of the arrival and condition of every train ; and, in addition, telegraphed to the medical directors of the Middle
Department and Department of West Virginia, the time trains started for Baltimore or Frederick. Before all of these
arrangements had been completed, the army commenced a forward movement.
At daylight, on the morning of September 19th, one division of cavalry, which had the advance, engaged the enemy
near Opequan Creek, five miles from Winchester, and drove him from his position, which it held until relieved by the infantry.
The battle, during the morning was fought with great obstinacy ; and with the exception of occasional slight checks to some of
our corps, success was always in our favor. About half-past three o'clock P. M. a combined advance of infantry and cavalry
was ordered, the cavalry operating on both flanks. This resulted in the complete triumph of our arms, and the enemy fled
from the field routed and demoralized. That night we occupied Winchester. The field hospitals were established during the
day, on or near the Opequan Creek, and their locations were well protected from the shot of the enemy by wooded hills. They
were all in the immediate vicinity of good roads. The wounded, as a general thing, received good care, and had nourishing food
promptly administered to them. During the latter part of the day, however, it was impossible to collect all the wounded, as
the army pushed on so rapidly, thereby increasing the distance for the ambulances. Quite a large number, therefore, remained
on the field that night, many being concealed in the thick woods where they had fallen. At nine o'clock P. M., the same night,
the general commanding ordered me to have all the wounded taken to Winchester, and the field hospitals broken up as rapidly
as possible. For this purpose, a detail of medical officers to remain was made from each corps, a certain proportion of
ambulances was ordered to be left, and the chief quartermaster placed at my disposal all the empty army wagons. Assistant
Surgeon H. A Du Bois, U. S. A., assistant medical director, was ordered to remain and take general direction of the removal
of the wounded, and of the establishment and organization of hospitals in Winchester. That night I informed you by telegraph
of the result of the battle, gave the approximate number of wounded, and requested you to send forward to Winchester twenty
medical officers, hospital supplies for five thousand wounded, and an experienced surgeon to take charge of the hospitals.
Several weeks previously, the chief quartermaster had, at my request, ordered the post quartermaster at Harper's Ferry to
keep on hand three hundred hospital tents for such an emergency. Doctor Du Bois reported to me on the 21st that he had
seized a portion of the army train, unloaded it, and with the ambulances left him, had transported all the wounded from the
field to hospitals which he established at Winchester in the churches, public buildings and such private dwellings as were
suitable. These hospitals he organized by corps. Being almost destitute of food for the wounded, the commanding officer
of Winchester took, at his request, eight thousand rations from an army train which was going to the front. This embarrassment
arose from the fact that no subsistence train accompanied the army. Things were soon systematized, and over four thousand
wounded were safely transferred to the hospitals of their respective corps, competent surgeons placed in charge, and the most
experienced and expert operators designated to perform the operations. On the evening of the 22d, Surgeon J. H. Brinton,
J. S. V., arrived with five medical officers, and relieved Doctor Du Boie, who returned to headquarters on the following day.
Four hundred hospital tents, ample supplies, and ten additional surgeons arrived on the 23d. About three hundred hospital
tents were pitched on a well selected site near the town, and a camp hospital organized under the designation of Sheridan
field hospital. Surgeon F. V. Hayden, U. S. V., was assigned to its charge.
The morning following the battle of Winchester, our troops moved forward, and that afternoon reached Strasburg, two
miles beyond which the enemy was found in position at Fisher's Hill. Some skirmishing occurred on the 21st, and, during
the afternoon of the 22d, an assault was made, which resulted in the complete rout of the enemy, and his broken army was
pursued to Woodstock, a distance of twelve miles. The pursuit occupied the entire night, and the troops did not bivouac
until about four o'clock the following morning. Fortunately the casualties on the march were few, while those wounded in the
REPORT OF SURGEON J. T. GHiSKLIN, U. S. A. 225
assault were collected in the field hospitals. Anticipating a battle on the 21st, each infantry corps was directed to establish a
field hospital in the vicinity of Strasburg. Aware that the troops hnd then been one day without rations, and being informed
that no forward movement would be made until rations could be issued, the hospitals were allowed to remain, and orders were
given to the chief medical officers of divisions to be prepared to send their wounded to the rear. By the afternoon of the 23d,
"all were comfortably loaded in an empty supply train and sent to Winchester. At Strasburg and Woodstock a few Confederate
wounded were found, destitute of all supplies, and unable to bear transportation. These men were attended to by their own
surgeons, who were furnished with all the necessary medical and subsistence stores. WTe arrived at Harrisonburg on the 25th,
where there were several Confederate hospitals, containing three hundred and thirty-five sick and wounded, attended by five
Confederate medical officers. The surgeon in charge reported that he was in need of subsistence and a few essential medicines,
all of which he was at once furnished with. One hundred and thirty-five sick and wounded were selected, who could bear
transportation without injury, and sent to Winchester by a returning subsistence train. The medical officers here seemed to
have some regard for hygienic principles in and about the hospitals, and their patients were probably as comfortable as they
could make them with their restricted means; but at every other place, from Woodstock on, where Confederate wounded were
collected by their own surgeons, the most extreme filth and positive indications of neglect were seen.
After the battle of Winchester, the cavalry acted, to a great degree, independently, and their wounded in the several
skirmishes, were retained in ambulances, and sent to Winchester when opportunity offered. The army made no important
movement up to October 6th, when a retrograde march was commenced. The enemy's cavalry followed us. On the 9th, near
Woodstock, our cavalry attacked and routed that of the enemy, driving him a distance of twelve miles. Our loss was very
slight, and all the wounded were sent to Winchester the following day. We moved to Cedar Creek on the 10th, and took up a
strong line of battle, with the apparent object of remaining there to wait for the developments of the enemy. Immediately
after the battle of Fisher's Hill, our base being changed to Martinsburg, Acting Assistant Surgeon E. Ohlenschlager, U. S. A.,
acting medical inspector, was ordered there to take charge of the transportation of the wounded, who were sent to that place,
as fast as they could bear transportation, and, for this purpose, advantage was taken of every returning train. The wounded
were loaded in wagons, bedded with hay or straw, without crowding, and a large number of blankets were sent with them, as
well as stretchers, for some of the most sevei'e cases. The wounded in these trains were -fed and dressed on their arrival at
Martinsburg, and were then placed in cars which were sent to Frederick or Baltimore.
At dawn, on the 19th of October, the enemy attacked and turned the left flank of our army. Their attack was so
sudden and unexpected that our troops were thrown' into confusion, and it was not until we had fallen back four miles, that
another line of battle was established and confidence restored. In the early part of the action, the Nineteenth Corps lost all its
medicine arid army wagons, loaded with medical supplies and hospital tents, and thirty ambulances, but the latter were
recaptured by the cavalry in the afternoon. The other ambulances and wagons had been ordered to the rear and were out of
reach. Before the second line of battle was formed, but few of the wounded got oft' the field; those who did so were such as
were able to walk, and a few who were carried in the ambulances of the cavalry, or in blankets slung on muskets. Division
field hospitals were now established in and near Newtown, six miles from the original line of battle, and two from the second.
The wagons and medical supplies arriving from the rear, the medical officers of the Sixth Corps promptly pitched their tents ;
before this, however, each division formed a temporary hospital in rear of the line of battle, and, up to this time, had performed
a few capital and a large number of minor operations. The medical officers of the Nineteenth Corps took possession of the
churches and several houses in Newtown, and prepared them for the reception of the wounded, as all their tents had been
captured. The cavalry had only a comparatively small number of casualties, and, for this reason, were enabled to care for
their wounded in ambulances until 'a favorable opportunity offered to send them to the rear.
On the morning of the 20th, there being no immediate prospect of hostilities, but a military necessity for removing the
wounded further to the rear, all the ambulances of the army, and a large train of army wagons, properly bedded with straw,
were loaded with wounded. The ambulances were used for the most severe cases, and the army wagons for those of a less
grave nature. Knowing that the hospitals at Winchester were unable to accommodate the large number of wounded to bo
disposed of, the chief medical officer of that place was instructed to retain only those who would be injured by further
transportation, and to feed, dress and furnish the remainder with all things needed, and send them on to Martinsburg. By the
afternoon of the 21st, the whole number of wounded, with the exception of fifteen mortal cases, had been removed from Newtown.
All the corps were amply supplied for this emergency, with the exception of the Nineteenth, but its urgent wants were relieved
by the others, until several wagons, loaded with medical stores, which had been kept at army headquarters to meet accident-,
of this kind, could be brought from Winchester, whither they had gone in the morning to prevent capture. Too much praise
cannot be awarded the medical officers for their energetic efforts to care for and protect the wounded on this trying occasion, the
result of a temporary reverse to our arms.
The general commanding not wishing that even a temporary hospital should be established at Martinsburg, the wounded
had to be placed in the cars immediately on their arrival. Owing to a deficiency of transportation, as well as to the difficulties
of loading a number of cars in the confined depot at that place, a portion of the wounded of each train were placed in the
churches, which were fitted up as field hospitals. Doctor DuBois, who had been sent with orders to take such means as might
be necessary to prevent any accumulation of wounded, reported that the trains generally arrived in excellent condition, few
cases of neglect being observed, and most of these owing to the excessive fatigue of medical officers. With each train was sent
a surgeon in charge, a proper proportion of medical officers, stewards and attendants; also, cooked rations, anodynes, stimulants,
dressings, etc., more than sufficient to last the usual number of days in making a trip. On arriving at Winchester these trains
were divided among the different hospitals, and every man was dressed and fed during the night by a large detail of surgeons
.•UK! attendants, and the same was repeated at Martinsburg before transfer to cars. A responsible medical officer provided with
supplies, together with a proper number of attendants, accompanied each train. As the army was liable to move suddenly
I did not ('(insider it advisable to let sick and wounded accumulate, but sent them to Winchester, which had been made
the receiving depot, using ambulances when the distance was not great and it was expedient to do so. Notwithstanding the
226 APPENDED DOCUMENTS MIDDLE MILITARY DIVISION, 1804.
distance, wounded were transported in army wagons, in some instances as far as a hundred miles, very few died on the road,
which, fortunately, was a fine turnpike. In November fifty ambulances were placed at my disposal, which I turned over to the
chief medical officer at Winchester, to be used for carrying wounded to Martinsburg. No army wagons were either used or
required subsequent to this date.
After the completion of the railroad to Stevenson depot, five miles from Winchester, early in December, the medical
director of transportation was ordered to Harper's Ferry, and the medical purveyor to change his depot to that place. I also
arranged with the chief quartermaster to have four hospital and two passenger cars kept at the above depot, subject to my orders.
These made two, sometimes three trips per week, until the number of sick and wounded was reduced to less than two hundred,
when the hospital cars alone were retained. The first week in January the Sheridan field hospital was closed, leaving in
Winchester, only the cavalry and Nineteenth Corps hospitals, which I designed keeping as long as the army retained its present
position. Having thus described the campaign as far as it related to my department, as briefly as was consistent with the
subject, I subjoin the following list of casualties:
Battle of Winchester, number killed 059
Battle of Fisher's Hill, number killed 40
Battle of Middletown or Cedar Creek, number killed 585
Total killed 1,290
Wounded in the various skiraiishes occurring between August 20th to September 18th, inclusive 1, 020
Wounded in battle of Winchester. September 19th 4, 032
Wounded in battle of Fisher's Hill, September 21st and 22d 455
Wounded in skirmishes from September 23d to October 18th 402
Wounded in battle of Middletown or Cedar Creek, October 19th 3, 491
Wounded in skirmishes from October 20th to December 31st COO
Total wounded 10, OOG
Confederate wounded who fell into our hands.
Battle of Winchester 840
Battle of Middletown or Cedar Creek 451
Sent from hospitals at Harrisonburg 135
Total 1,432
The consolidated classified returns of wounds and injuries already forwarded for the battles of Winchester, Fisher's Hill,
and Middletown or Cedar Creek, account for six thousand three hundred and eleven, while the actual number was seven
thousand nine hundred and seventy-eight. This discrepancy will always occur after a battle if the army soon after moves and
the wounded are sent to the rear, because to obtain full and accurate lists is the work of many hours and they require a greater
number of medical officers than can be spared from more urgent duties. The total number of amputations after these battles
was three hundred and eighty-eight. All these were primary and were generally skilfully performed. The surgery, in all
these battles, was as good as witnessed elsewhere in the field, and usually reflected credit on the operators. As the wounded
were sent to the rear very soon after each battle, many operations could not be performed until they arrived in Winchester.
The total number of deaths from disease from August 27th to the 31st of December, was fifty-three.* The highest rates of sick
present during that period was five per cent, out of a mean strength of forty-seven thousand nine hundred and fifty-four men,
and the lowest rates two and a half per cent, out of a mean strength of thirty-eight thousand four hundred and forty-four.
This low rate of sickness, at a time when the troops were harassed and over fatigued by repeated battles and skirmishes, can
be attributed to the healthfulness of the climate and the quantity of good vegetable food procured solely from the country. It
is due to the medical officers in charge of the hospitals at Winchester, and to Surgeon F. V. Hayden, U. S. V., the chief medical
onicer, to say that these hospitals were never surpassed by any depot hospitals, in neatness and comfort, and the very moderate!
number of deaths. * *
To Assistant Surgeon H. A. DuBois, U. S. A., assistant medical director, I am indebted for the energy and executive
skill shown in so well providing for the many thousand wounded, after the battle of Winchester, which was a task of no
ordinary magnitude.
The medical corps has contributed more than its share to the list of killed and wounded during the campaign. Assistant
Surgeon Isaac Smith, jr., 26th Massachusetts, Nineteenth Corps, was wounded at the battle of Winchester, and Assistant
Surgeon John T. Scearce, llth Indiana, Nineteenth Corps, was wounded at the battle of Middletown, or Cedar Creek.
Surgeon W. H. Rulison, Ninth New York Cavalry, medical director of the cavalry, was killed in a skirmish near Smithfield,
Virginia, August 29, 1864. Surgeon J. B. Coover, 6th Pennsylvania Cavalry, and Acting Assistant Surgeon F. Ohlenschlager,
?. A., acting medical inspector, died of wounds received from guerrillas; and Surgeon Thomas J. Shannon, 110th Ohio,
army of West Virginia, was mortally wounded at the battle of Middletown or Cedar Creek, October 19, 1804, and died the
following day. By the death of these officers, the profession has lost experienced and valuable members, and the country
earnest and faithful soldiers.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
J. T. GHISELIN,
rr, Sun/eon U. S. Army.
To THE SUBGEON GENERAL OK THE AKMY.
* This does not include the deaths of men belonging- to the command in general hospitals.
REPORTS OF SURGEONS KELLOGG AND 13LANEY, U. S. V. 227
CLXXL Extract from a Report on the Wounded at the Engagements at Cloijd's Mountain
and New River Bridge. By Surgeon G. M. KELLOGG, U. S. Volunteers.
* * * "In the engagement of Brigadier General Crook's division, at Cloyd's Mountain, "West Virginia, May 9,
18(54, and at New River Bridge, on the 10th, the enemy fought behind breastworks ; and, in assaulting their strong position at
Cloyd's Mountain, our force suffered severely. Having been engaged for several hours in collecting our wounded from the
field and in attending to their wounds, I was ordered to follow the command with all the wounded I could transport. After
three or four hours, I was able to follow with over two hundred of the wounded. I left others of our wounded at the field
hospital, and still some on the field, with four of our best medical officers, and more than half of my medical and hospital
supplies. A number of those left were mortally wounded, and very many required amputation. The distance between
Cloyd's Mountain and New River Bridge, which it was necessary to reach at once, was eleven miles, General Averell's command
being hotly pursued by the rebel General Morgan, who followed up toward New River, it was not thought possible to remove
any more of our wounded, and our transportation was too limited to bring away more than we brought. As it was, our means
of transportation were sorely tried in crossing two rivers, and over rough mountain roads, for the distance of two hundred
miles. We had but thirty-eight ambulances in all, only twelve of which were in good condition. Of the wounded brought
through, one died from erysipelas supervening upon a wound of the arm. We arrived at Meadow Bluff' on the 21st. I
was ordered to remove the wounded at once to hospital at Charleston, West Virginia, and to Gallipolis, Ohio, which I accord
ingly did. No report has yet reached us of our wounded left behind, but I have every reason to believe them better off than
is usual within the enemy's lines. A fuller and more perfect report will be given as soon as possible. Our medical officers
have, most of them, worked nobly and with self sacrifice. The report of the character of wounds is incomplete and imperfect.
When the order was sent to remove with all the wounded for whom we had transportation, our wagon train could carry but
few men. No amputations had been performed before leaving the field. There were fifty-three cases left which imperatively
demanded amputation. Many of those reported wounded were slightly injured, a large number of them are now doing duty. I
took one hundred and ninety-two wounded to hospital at Gallipolis, Ohio, and to Charleston, Virginia, all of which were cases
of wounds of the arm, fore -arm, hand, and feet, or flesh wounds of more or less grave character."
CLXXIL Letter of Transmitted of Lists of Casualties at New Market. By Surgeon J. V. Z.
BLANEY, U. S. V., Medical Director of the Department of West Virginia.
"COLONEL: I have the honor to forward by same mail, herewith, full lists of killed, wounded and missing in the
engagement at New Market, Virginia, May 15, 1864. Those missing are presumed, if wounded, to be at New Market; but the
medical officer left at Mount Jackson in charge of the wounded not having been permitted to communicate with them, the
number and names have not been received. I also transmit a separate list of the wounded remaining in the hands of the
enemy, and under charge of Assistant Surgeon Charles G. Allen, 34th Massachusetts Volunteers, at Mount Jackson, and have
the pleasure to inclose a communication from him of the 20th instant, acknowledging the receipt of medical and subsistence
supplies forwarded under a flag of truce by order of Major General Sigel. Four nurses were detailed, and left with Assistant
Surgeon Allen. But five seriously wounded were left at Mount Jackson during the retreat, and then only because too seriously
wounded to bear transportation. The remainder straggled in from the field after our forces had retired. Upon the receipt
of this intelligence, Assistant Surgeon Gray, 20th Pennsylvania Cavalry, was ordered to proceed, under flag of truce, iu an
ambulance, taking with him such instruments, dressings, beef stock and other supplies as might be urgently required, and to
endeavor to reach Mount Jackson, and remain with Assistant Surgeon Allen, in attendance upon the wounded, should he not
be permitted to bring the seriously wounded back with him, as was requested of General Imboden by General Sigel. The
request for return of wounded was courteously refused, and Dr. Gray was not permitted to go further than Woodstock. The
ambulance and contents were receipted for and forwarded to Dr. Allen. As soon as possible thereafter, a wagon loaded with
stimulants and all needful supplies, followed, and was also allowed to proceed. Dr. Gray, with the empty ambulance and
wagon was permitted to return with as little detention as possible. I beg leave to notice, with much commendation, the
promptness, discretion, and forethought of Surgeon W. Hayes, U. S. V., chief medical officer on the field, to whom is due the
credit of the measures for the relief of our wounded, which I have had the pleasure to narrate. I also request that the course
of Dr. Allen in transferring a portion of his supplies to the surgeons of the enemy be approved. Any further information I
may receive relating to our wounded who remain in the hands of the enemy will be promptly reported.
I have the honor to be, colonel, very respectfully, vour obedient servant,
JAS. V. Z. BLANEY,
Surijcon U. S. V., Medical Director Department of West Vinjinia.
To TIIK ACTING SURGEON GENERAL OF THE AKMY."
(JLXXiri. Extract from a Letter relative to the Wounded at New Market. By Assistant
Surgeon CHAKLES G. ALLEN, 3-ith Massachusetts Volunteers.
"The supplies forwarded were, in the main, ample for all our wants. I have several cases which must
require amputation, and feel absolutely obliged to deprive Dr. Gray of his instruments. I sent a request to General
Imboden to be permitted to visit New Market to-day, to look after our wounded there who, I learn, need help, which request
wiirf not granted. Three of the enemy's surgeons called on me this afternoon, and will again make the request for me, and 1
think, I can see them. I am assured that our wounded receive the same attention as theirs, by the general and the surgeons.
I have already loaned them one-half a pound of chloroform and some stores which I could spare, to be used at New Market.
1 feel confident all our wounded will be placed under my charge here soon. My men have all been lemoved to the large brick
house in well aired rooms. I have looked to cleanliness and to other hygienic measures rather than to drugs.''
228 APPENDED DOCUMENTS VALLEY OF VIEGINIA.
CLXX1V. Extracts from a Report of the Casualties in the, Engagement at /Saltville, Virginia,
October 2, 1864. By Surgeon J. G. HATCHITT, U. S. Volunteers.
* * * « -pjjg battle commenced at nine o'clock and continued till dark, when our forces retired, leaving the wounded
on the field. * * "We lost fifty-four killed, and one hundred and ninety wounded. ' The medical staff performed their
duties well, considering the trying surrounding circumstances. There were no ambulances to move the wounded, and no
place to collect them that was not frequently exposed to a fierce fire of artillery and musketry. I would respectfully mention,
for favorable consideration, Surgeons W. H. Gardner, 30th Kentucky, and S. C. Woodman, llth Michigan Cavalry, and
Assistant Surgeons E. W. Hazlewood, 37th Kentucky, and J. T. Harper, 13th Kentucky Cavalry, on account of the extra
ordinary interest they exhibited in behalf of the wounded. Doctors Gardner, Woodman, and Harper, and also Assistant
Surgeon A. H. Hunt, 12th Ohio Cavalry, remained on the field to attend to the wounded."
CLXXV. Report of the Post Hospital at Winchester, Virginia, in May and June, 1862.
By Surgeon J. B. PEALE, U. S. Volunteers.
" SIR : I was ordered on the 4th of May, by General Rosecrans, to take charge of the Union Hotel, and organize it as a
post hospital. * * On the 20th, I had but twelve patients remaining, all others having been sent to New Creek Station. On
May 23d, some wounded were brought from Front Royal. On the evening of the 24th, two hundred and thirty patients were
brought in from Strasburg, but nearly all started off early next morning, alarmed by the near approach of the enemy. At
eight o'clock A. M., on the 25th, the retreat of General Banks's forces commenced. The. quartermaster's store-house, opposite
the hospital, was fired, and the danger to the hospital was imminent. I had the patients placed in the yard. The rebels,
taking possession of the town, placed a guard over the hospital. Great praise is due the nurses for their determination to remain
with the sick. Surgeon Black, acting medical director of the Confederate force, called on me to say that I should continue
unmolested in the care of the sick. On the 25th, thirty-three wounded were admitted to the hospital, and thirty-eight more
on the 26th. On the 27th, Surgeon Black instructed me that I should remain in charge of the hospital as surgeon-in-chief, with
Surgeon E. L. Bissell, 5th Connecticut Volunteers, as assistant. Patients continued to come in all day, and the aggregate, at
last, numbered three hundred and thirty. Surgeon Black permitted me to detail sixty-four attendants from the prisoners, and
the Confederate commissary issued provisions on my requisitions, so that all went on well to May 31st, except that I had no
means to procure milk, eggs, or other delicacies for the wounded. On the 31st, the rebel provost marshal sent an officer to
parole all the patients in the hospital, who, with the attendants, signed a paper, a copy of which is forwarded. The rebels then
evacuated the town, removing the guard from the hospital, and leaving no provisions. On June 1st, a small guerilla party
made us all prisoners again, and placed us in close confinement. There were nine deaths among the patients in hospital. The
medical officers present were Surgeon F. Leland, 2d Massachusetts Volunteers, Surgeon T. E. Mitchell, 1st Maryland Volunteers,
Assistant Surgeon P. Adolphus, U. S. A., Assistant Surgeon L. R. Stone, Assistant Surgeon J. F. Day, Assistant Surgeon E.
L. Bissell, all of whom lent all the aid in their power.
J. B. PEALE, Suryeon U. S. V.
GENERAL FRANZ SIGEL, U. S. V."
CLXXVI. Extracts from a Report on the Wounded at the Battle of Piedmont, treated at
a Confederate Hospital at Staunton. By Assistant Surgeon WILLIAM GKUMBIEJST, 20th
Pennsylvania Volunteers.
"I have the honor to make the following report concerning the men left under my charge after the battle
of Piedmont, June 5, 1864, at Staunton, Virginia, and also of those I received afterward from the valley, who fell into the
hands of the enemy, and were subsequently brought to my hospital : * * I was detailed on June 7th, and left Staunton on
the - - of September for Richmond, and was sent from thence through the lines on September 23d. The convalescent
men that I sent off at first were taken to Charlottesville and Lynchburg, but the rest to Richmond. I think they were
nearly all exchanged, except those that were again fit for field service. I had four hundred and twenty-seven wounded and
wick men under my charge. Forty-five died, and eight I left in the hospital, not being able to be removed. I left with them
three nurses. Of every man that died, I preserved some relic, which I sent to his friends on coming to our lines, and wrote
a letter informing his friends of his death. Some left a little money, which I placed in the packages; but on coming to Libby
they searched them all, taking the money, promising to give it back when I left, which promise, however, they did not fulfil.
I reported this to Captain Hatch, Confederate commissioner of exchange, and he asserted that he would get it and send it to
me by Major Mulford. If he does, I will send it to the friends of the deceased. I had my own cooks, stove and cooking
utensils, and feel a great satisfaction in certifying that my cooks, Charles Anderson and Daniel Pray of the 18th Connecticut,
spared no pains in preparing palatable dishes for the men. My nurses were, as a general thing, efficient, especially L. T.
Spencer of the 18th Connecticut, who did everything in his power to lighten my labors. The mortality, ten and a half per
centum, may, at first sight, appear large, but it must be taken into consideration that about one hundred and twenty of the
slightly wounded were sent to Martinsburg soon after the battle, so that none but the worst cases were left in my hands. Also,
hat the men brought from the valley, by the Confederates, on heavy lumber wagons, often being conveyed for four or five days
without any care, were in such a condition that recovery in some was impossible, not from the severity of their wounds, but
from neglect. That the number of sloughing wounds was extraordinary, I attributed to the impure air, and heat, and drought
prevailing in June and July, and to the lack of vegetable food. The proper medicines were generally wanting. Nitric acid and
chloride of zinc, which I regard as the best caustic agents in sloughing wounds could not be had. Sulphate of copper was the
only available escharotic, and I had no tincture of iron, the best of all tonics. The want of proper stimulants and tonics was
KEPOKTS OF MEDICAL OFFICERS. 229
severely felt. The apple brandy we used, I thought did more harm than good; it is unfit as a stimulant for a sick man. The
regular rations of bread and meat were sufficient, and, generally, of good quality; but such articles as are most desired by the
sick, I could not obtain in adequate quantities. The Confederate wards were furnished first, and what remained was turned
over to us. In spite of their assurances that my men should fare the same as theirs, and all their assertions to that effect, I
know that there was a desire to deceive me, perhaps not as much by those in authority as by the subordinates. To Doctor
Merrill, the surgeon in charge for the first few months of my stay, I cannot express my regard too much. He has been kind
and aided me whenever he could, and has shown a great deal of sympathy for my men. The other surgeons, as a general
thing, were clever. * * The men that were sent to me from the valley were stripped of their clothing, and many were
barefoot and hatless. I made a requisition for shoes, shirts, and socks, but it was never filled. This difficulty I overcame by
making shoes out of overcoats and blankets, and was thus enabled to send my convalescent men off fully clothed. I also made
a haversack for each man that was not already supplied ; but these \vere taken from them on entering Libby prison. The
clothing of the men that died I had washed and given to those wrho stood in need."
CLXXVIL General Summary of Casualties at the Battle of Piedmont. By Surgeon THOMAS
B. KEED, IT. S. Volunteers.
"In the cavalry division, there was one commissioned officer killed, and five wounded, and thirteen enlisted
men killed, and forty-four wounded. The first brigade of the infantry division had sixty-nine killed, and three hundred and
thirty-six wounded. The second brigade had thirty-eight killed, and two hundred and seven wounded. The artillery brigade
had one killed, and three wounded, a total loss of seven hundred and seventeen, of whom twenty-four were officers." * *
CLXXVIII. Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical De2^artment at the
Action near Winchester, on March 23, 1862. By Surgeon W. S. KING, U. S. Army,
Medical Director.
" SIR: The battle near Winchester, on the 23d instant, was fought by the troops of General Shields's division, which had
but recently returned by a forced march from Strasburg. As this division joined us lamentably deficient in medical supplies,
and with very limited transportation, and has been employed ever since in marching and countermarching or engaging the
enemy, no opportunity has been afforded to supply its wants. When the battle terminated, therefore, we found the supplies
inadequate for the occasion, and the medical force not so large as desirable in consequence of the number of officers being, from
necessity, on duty with their regiments in pursuit of the enemy. As soon as the action became severe, which was not till half-
pnst four in the afternoon, the ambulances wrere sent to the front and commenced the work of removing the wounded to a place
of shelter. As Winchester was near by, and the night fast approaching, it was thought best to remove them to that place
without delay. Camp-fires were made on the field, the wounded collected around and directed to remain near them until
the wagons should pick them up. After making these arrangements, about eight o'clock P. M., I returned to Winchester and
spent most of the night in providing for their accommodation and attending such cases as required immediate attention. As
the medical officers were mostly inexperienced, and some confusion, inseparable to such an occasion, existed, I remained a day
in Winchester after the command had advanced until things appeared to be working well, when I left to join headquarters, it
being reported that an action was going on near Strasburg.
Complaints of inattention to the wounded having reached me, I again proceeded to Winchester, and found the arrange
ments not as satisfactory as I could wish, which was owing chiefly to a want of cooperation on the part of the quartermaster
and commissary departments, arising from a want of knowledge or a want of disposition to perform their duties. From a
consideration of all the circumstances I believe that much of the discomfort of the wounded has been owing to circumstances
beyond the control of the medical officers. I mention these details in explanation of the difficulties known to exist in providing
immediately for four hundred wounded soldiers suddenly thrown upon us without the means and appliances sufficient to
accommodate them, and which cannot be done without some delay. After writing the above I received a note from Surgeon
C. C. Keeney, IT. S. A., to meet him in Winchester, and to him I will refer for further details. I have requested him to send
at least three hundred bedsteads for the hospitals in Winchester and a supply of stores of all kinds. ; * I have to request
that medical supplies for twenty thousand men for three months be forwarded to Winchester for this corps, as many of the
medical officers are very deficient in medicines and stores of all kinds, and we find that, owing to our frequent change of position, it
is impracticable to obtain the supplies called for from the purveyor at Baltimore. A supply of medicines and stores on hand,
according to my experience, is as necessary to an army in the field as it is to have a supply of subsistence, so far as availability
is concerned. The supplies necessary to establish hospitals we must expect to receive from Washington, as we have no
transportation to carry them along with us.
I am, sir, very respectfully', your obedient servant,
W. S. KING,
To THE SUUGKON GENERAL OF THE ARMY." Surycon and Medical Director.
CLXXIX. Report of the Killed and Wounded at the Action near Winchester, March 23,
1862. By Surgeon W. S. KING, II. S. Army.
"The 1st brigade, under Colonel N. Kimball, lost thirty-seven killed and one hundred and eighty-six
wounded; the 2d brigade, under Colonel Sullivan, lost fifteen killed and fifty-nine wounded; the 3d brigade, under Colonel K.
15. Tyler, lost thirty-five killed and one hundred and seventy-two wounded; the artillery, under Colonel Daum, had four killed
Mini two wounded, and the cavalry had five wounded; a total of ninety-one killed and four hundred and twenty-four
wounded."
230 APPENDED DOCUMENTS COAST EXPEDITIONS.
CLXXX. Report of the Killed and Wounded in the Action near Winchester, May 25, 1862.
By Surgeon THOMAS ANTISELL, IT. S. Volunteers, Medical Director of the Department of
Slienandoah.
* * * ^ Tne 1st brigade had seven killed and fifty-one wounded ; the 2cl brigade had twenty-five killed and seveiity-
one wounded. Surgeon T. E. Mitchell was wounded and captured. Assistant Surgeon Bissell and his hospital steward were
taken prisoners. Assistant Surgeon P. Adolphus, U. S. A., was captured. Surgeon Leiand, 2d Massachusetts,, Assistant
Surgeon Stone, and Surgeon J. J. Johnson were also captured." * * *
CLXXXI. Extracts from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff from April, 1861,
to April, 1862. By Surgeon GEORGE E. COOPER, II. S. Army.
"SlR: In compliance with instructions received in circular from the Surgeon General's Office, dated Washington, D. C.,
May 1, 1863, I transmit a short narrative of the duties to which I have been assigned since the breaking out of the rebellion in
1861. At the time of the attack on Fort Sumpter, the command with which I was doing duty was stationed at Fort Mackinac,
Michigan. The condition of the lakes, closed with ice, kept the command at that post until April 28, 1861, when navigation
having opened, the troops left, and reported with all possible dispatch at Washington, D. C. Having reported to the Surgeon
General, I was detailed to organize and take charge of the Union Hotel hospital in Georgetown. Having organized this
establishment, and having remained in charge of it until it was filled with patients, I was ordered to report to Major General
Kobert Patterson, as medical director. ' ; At the request of General Patterson, Surgeon Tripler was retained, and I was
ordered to report again to the Surgeon General. On reporting to the Surgeon General, I was directed to report to Surgeon
Tripler, for duty with the army of the Slienandoah. On returning to the army at Chambersburg, where I had left it, I found
that the greater part had left for Hagerstown, Maryland. The sick had been left in a temporary hospital at Chambersburg,
and on my reporting to Surgeon Tripler at Hagerstown, I was directed to return to Chambersburg, break up the hospital, and
bring all the sick who could be moved, and the material of the hospital, to Hagerstown. Having performed this duty, I was
detailed as medical purveyor of the army under General Patterson, and continued as such when the command was transferred
to General N. P. Banks, and, during the time, transported the purveying depot from Hagerstown to Frederick, and from
Frederick to Baltimore. At Baltimore I remained until October 5, 1861, when I was directed to turn over my property to
Assistant Surgeon R. H. Alexander, U. S. A., and to report in person at Washington, D. C., to General T. W. Sherman, for
duty with the expedition against the southern coast. So peremptory were the orders, that I was directed to leave my property
unreceipted for, and to report in person at Washington, and orders wrere sent to Drs. Page and W. A. Hammond, who, at the
time, were on duty in Baltimore, to take an inventory of the stock on hand in the purveying depot, and to invoice the same to
Assistant Surgeon Alexander, U. S. A. In accordance with these orders, I reported to Brigadier General T. W. Sherman in
Washington, and accompanied him to Annapolis, where the troops for the expedition were assembling. The troops for the
expeditionary corps consisted of the following regiments : 8th and 9th Maine Volunteers ; 3d and 4th New Hampshire
Volunteers; the 46th, 47th and 48th New York Volunteers ; the 50th and 100th Pennsylvania Volunteers ; the 8th Michigan
Volunteers, together with Company E, 3d U. S. Light Artillery. These troops remained at Annapolis from ten days to two
weeks, and were, a day prior to sailing, joined by the 79th New York Volunteers. All these regiments were full, with the
exception of the 46th New York. This regiment did not number five hundred men. The 47th and 48th New York regiments
were not composed of as good material as the other regiments. The men were weakly, and many were mere boys taken to
fill the ranks; many, too, were old and decrepit, and habitual drunkards. During the sojourn of the troops at Annapolis,
the men were encamped in the grounds of the Naval Academy, on the banks of the Severn, to the rear of the college grounds,
and on a farm to the west of the city. The weather, while the troops were in Annapolis, was, for the greater part of the time,
rainy, and, in consequence, the troops were most uncomfortable. Being all, with the exception of the battery, new levies, they
knew nothing of camp life, and, consequently, paid but little regard to their own comfort. The result was the advent of
catarrhs, fevers, and derangements of the digestive system. The men were entirely regardless of all hygienic rules, and paid
no attention to the advice of their medical officers. It was a common subject of remark, that men, who but a few weeks before,
occupied positions in society demanding cleanliness and a care for personal appearance, now disregarded it, and either from
apathy or laziness, neither washed their persons nor the clothing they carried upon them. The fevers attacking the men wore
mostly of a malarious type, and particularly so among those regiments which had been encamped for a time, prior to coming to
Annapolis, in the vicinity of Washington. Some of the fevers, too, were of the type denominated typhoid. Many, too, which
at first were of the malarious type, in a short time presented typhoid symptoms ; but, as no autopsies were made, I am not able
to say whether or not they assumed the character, in the intestines, of mesenteric fever.
Some three days previous to the embarkation of the troops, variola made it* appearance among the 8th Maine Volunteers.
Orders were immediately issued to remove not only the sufferers, but all who had been in contact with them. In consequence
of these precautions, the disease did not spread. Vaccine virus too, was procured from the Surgeon General's Office, and all
the men of the regiment were vaccinated, as well as those who were encamped in the vicinity. The whole command would
have been vaccinated had it been possible to procure a sufficiency of virus, but a sufficiency could not be procured. When in
Washington, every endeavor had been made to procure the necessary supplies of medicines, bedding, etc., for the expedition.
Requisitions for all these articles, to fill up the supplies of the regiments for three months, was made upon the purveyor at
Washington; and from the fact that requisitions for supplies had been sent from regiments just organized, and without any
supplies whatever, it was found impossible to procure the articles in Washington in time to carry them with the expedition.
On Sunday evening, October 20th, 1861, the troops were embarked on the steam transports, and on Monday morning, they sailed
for Fort Monroe, where the naval forces were to join them, and where, too, the 3d Rhode Island regiment and some six
companies of the New York Volunteer Engineer troops were awaiting their ai rival. The troops remained at Fort Monroe from
REPORT OF SURGEON COOPER, U. 8. A. 231
the 22d of October until the 29th of the same month, and were kept on ship board during that time, with the exception of one
brigade, which was put on shore in a drill, which was for the pin-pose of instructing them in disembarking in surf boats.
When at Fort Monroe, endeavors were made to procure bedding, etc., from the purveyor at that place, but, in consequence of
the paucity of supplies there, they could not be furnished. Supplies of medicines and hospital stores for three months had been
put up at the purveyor's depot in New York, in quantities sufficient for ten regiments, but they had been stored away in the
hold of one of the transports and could not be come at. Some boxes of Kidwell's disinfectant had been turned over to the
quartermaster for the use of the transports, when at Annapolis, with the request that it would be divided among the ships ; but
instead of making this use of it, it was placed ou board the steamship Winfield Scott, and, in the storm of November 1, 1861,
the greater part was thrown overboard. Ou Tuesday, October 29th, the expedition sailed from Hampton Roads. On the
morning of the 31st, the signal officer on board the steamship Vanderbilt, notified the general commanding, that a case of
variola had made its appearance in the 8th Michigan regiment. Instructions were sent, to isolate the patient as much as
possible. This was done, and the disease did not spread during the time the men remained on board, though, some three
weeks later, it broke out in the crew of the vessel, and several were attacked by variola and varioloid. About the same time,
too, it showed itself in the 8th Michigan, who were ashore. The storm, to which the expedition was exposed on the afternoon
and night of November 1st, caused the destruction of the medical supplies belonging to the 48th New York and 50th Penn
sylvania Volunteers, which, with other articles, were thrown overboard to assist in lightening the vessels. The men on board
the transport Winfield Scott, were, for two days and nights, without cooked provisions, and were wet, worn out, and prostrated
by fatigue consequent upon bailing to keep the water from encroaching on the fires. The result of this fatigue and exposure
was fever of a low grade, in several of the men belonging to the 50th Pennsylvania Volunteers, who, at the time, were on
board the vessel. On the morning of November 7, 1861, after the capture of the fort on Hilton Head, a portion of the troops,
some four regiments, were landed on the island, and in the course of five or six days the whole command was disembarked.
The men landed in surf boats, and were wet from the waist down ; no inconvenience seemed to follow this, though the men
having no changes, retained their wet clothes during the night. But two wounded men were found in the vicinity of the fort,
and these were found in an out house, where they had been left by the retreating rebels. One of these had a wound in the
back part of the head, caused by a piece of shell ; the other had the thigh wounded, and the femur shattered at the neck by a
piece of shell. The first case recovered after a tedious convalescence. The later case was operated on at the hip joint, as I
afterwards learned, and the patient soon died. Two men were found in the hospital building, who were prostrated by typhoid
fever, and could not be moved ; both of these recovered.
The labor of the troops from the time of landing was severe. Heavy fortifications to protect the land side of the island
had to be erected, and all the supplies for the troops had to be brought on shore in lighters, and each and all of them had to be
brought from the lighters on the shoulders of the men, or be placed by them in wagons from the boats. To do this, fatigue
parties were compelled to be wet from the waist, and, at the same time, had an almost tropical sun beating upon their heads,
and much sickness resulted from this necessary fatigue duty, which, oftentimes, was continued far into the night. A bivouac
building, which had been much injured by the shells from the fleet, was made use of for a temporary hospital, and the sick were
carried there for treatment, until the proper regimental hospitals were put in operation. Some of the New England regiments
had brought hospital tents along with them, but the greater number of the regiments were entirely without hospital accom
modations. Some sixteen or twenty hospital tents had been brought by the quartermaster's department for the use of the
expedition, but they could not be got at, as they had been placed in one of the ships, the exact one not known, and covered
with other articles, and it was necessary to await the unloading in order to get at the articles required. Shortly after the troops
were disembarked, the malarious fevers of the southern coast began to show themselves, principally among those encamped
back on the island, at a distance from the sea beach, and who, at the same time, were on fatigue duty during the day in
discharging the vessels. The island of Hilton Head is low and sandy, and, where not under cultivation, covered with heavy
pine forests, with thick undergrowth ; on the side of the ocean are heavy ridges of sand, and back of these are, for some
distance, fresh water swamps. Creeks are numerous through the island, and on the Port Royal harbor side is a large salt
marsh. Water, soft and pleasant to the taste, can be procured in any part of the island, by sinking wells twelve or fifteen feet
deep. Much of the island is under cultivation, and fine Sea Island cotton is produced in great quantities. The island is looked
upon by the inhabitants of South Carolina as one of the most unhealthy on the coast, and there are some portions of it particularly
so. The negroes stated that it was looked upon as almost certain death for a white man to travel certain roads after nightfall, in
the months of July, August, September, and October. From what I can learn our troops did not find this to be the case, as it was
necessary to station our pickets on all portions of the island, and the cavalry patrols traveled over every portion of the island,
as well by night as day. True it is that some were attacked with fevers, but not more than would have been attacked in any
malarious region of the southwest. In many portions of the island, spots of live oak are found and paltnettoes are numerous.
The fevers by which the men were attacked shortly after their arrival, were, in many cases, of the most malignant type, and
in some cases the patients never reacted perfectly, but sank on the first chill. Men were brought into the hospital with what
would be regarded as epileptic fits, but what, in reality, was the coast fever. These would froth at the mouth, have some
convulsions, and, for the time, be perfectly demented. The chief complaints made by-them were of severe headache, and of a
burning skin, when in reality the surface was cold and covered with a clammy sweat. When reaction took place, the skiH
became excessively hot, the eyes bloodshot, the pulse bounding and corded. When the fever broke up the heavy sweat was
of a most disagreeable odor. The only hope for the patient was in the exhibition of free doses of quinine, thus avoiding the
recurrence of the paroxysms; for few, if any, cases recovered if the disease was not broken up after the second or third attack.
Shortly after the landing of the troops, measles broke out in the regiments from New England, and small pox in that from
Michigan. A variola hospital was established at a distance from the camps, and all attacked were transferred thither. The
results of rubeola in the New Hampshire regiments were lamentable; many recovering from the disease, were attacked with
severe bronchitis, and tuberculous phthisis was rapidly developed iu men of robust frames and apparently healthy bodies. This
tendency to pulmonary disease was far more observable in the New Englanders than in the New Yorkers or Peunsylvanians.
232 APPENDED DOCUMENTS — COAST EXPEDITIONS.
Some four weeks after the occupation of Hilton Head, the brigade of General Stevens, composed of the 79th New York, the
50th and 100th Pennsylvania, and the 8th Michigan Volunteers, were directed to take post at Beaufort, South Carolina. The
health of the troops composing the brigade was much improved by this change. The camping grounds and hospital accom
modations were much better than at Hilton Head, and they were enabled to procure many comforts and conveniences unattain
able at any other place in the department. In fact, the troops were as if in gai'rison, and, with the exception of the regiment
on picket duty at Port Royal ferry, which was regularly relieved, in truth were so. About the time that Beaufort was occupied,
the 46th New York and a part of the 7th Connecticut were ordered to take post at Tybee Island, to hold the same, and
commence operations for the siege of Fort Pulaski. The work performed by this command was almost incredible. In order
to transport artillery and material of war to the points required, it was necessary to make roads through morasses, which would
bear up the heaviest classes of modern artillery. Sand hills had to be cut down, and hollows to be filled np. Everything,
provisions, guns, ammunition, and all the numerous articles required for a siege, had to be brought ashore in boats, and that
too in a dangerous roadstead, where the surf ran higher than in any place occupied by our forces on the southern coast. The
earthworks were erected, the guns and ammunition carried by hand power to the places designated for them, by these troops.
The greater part of this work was done at night, as it was necessary to allow those in Fort Pulaski to know nothing of the
position of the batteries being erected. The heavy columbiads, rifled siege guns, and thirteen-inch mortars, were hauled to their
positions, and there placed during the night, by men of the 46th New York, 7th Connecticut, and a detachment of the New
York Volunteer Engineers. Notwithstanding the fatigue and labor these troops were compelled to undergo their sick list was
proportionately as small as in any regiments in the department, and in the 46th New York, smaller.
On the 1st of January, 1862, the troops under General Stevens, in conjunction with the gunboats, made a demonstration
against Port Royal ferry, where the rebels were erecting a battery which commanded the ferry. Our troops crossed over and
had a skirmish which resulted in the destruction of the works, the capture of the guns, and the retreat of the confederates.
Our loss was slight, some six or eight wounded; all flesh wounds, with one exception, a fractured thigh by a conical ball.
The patient \vas reported as having died from the effects of the wound, in some seventy-two hours after the skirmish. At, or
a short time previous to, the skirmish, the brigade commanded by Brigadier General E. L, Viele, was ordered to Daufuskie
Island, which is at the mouth of the Savannah River. This movement was for the purpose of facilitating the closing of the
Savannah River, and in cutting off Fort Pulaski from the source of its supplies, and to support the batteries about to be erected
on the islands commanding the river, as well as to place the troops in as healthy positions as the country would afford. The
latter indication was well fulfilled, as in no place in the department was the health of the troops better than on Daufuskie
Island. The troops sent to Daufuskie were the 47th and 48th New York, and 7th Connecticut Volunteers. Brigade Surgeon
J. R. Dalton, U. S. V., had charge of the sanitary condition of this command, and to his care and skill, may be attributed the
fine health of the command. In the early part of January, an expedition was organized to act on the coast south of Hilton
Head. These were embarked and proceeded to Warsaw Sound, where they awaited the movement of the gunboats. For
some reason or other these were delayed much longer than was anticipated, and sickness broke out among the troops of the
6th Connecticut Volunteers, and several cases of spotted fever showed themselves on the transport where they were crowded.
In consequence of this, these troops were ordered to return to Hilton Head and disembark. The rest of the expedition
proceeded south and took possession of Fernandina, Jacksonville and Saint Augustine.
It had been regarded as an axiom that white men could not live on the low and marshy lands bordering the rivers of
the southeastern coast, and it was with a feeling of great hesitation and anxiety that troops were ordered to erect batteries on
the river, and to live in the same, on the low lands which at every spring tide are flooded. Had not a military necessity
demanded the holding these points, the experiment would never have been made. The people of the country had no idea that
the men of the north were sufficiently foolhardy to place their troops where disease would, in a short time, in all probability,
clestroy at least half, if not more, of all sent there. Fortunately the season of the year was one in which the fevers of the
country assumed their mildest character, and, though frequent, were not malignant in their type. The character of the islands
on which the batteries were placed, was such as would seem to preclude the idea of placing anything like permanent works
upon them. These islands are formed by a deposit of thick and tenacious blue mud, are overgrown with reeds, and at high
tides are flooded. They are surrounded by bayous, which are navigable by boats of light draught. Previous to taking-
possession of the islands, it was necessary to bring all the artillery and material of war in boats from Daufuskie Island, a
distance of four miles. From the side of the island where our scows and light draught boats were brought to the Savannah
River side, was a distance of one-half a mile. Over this distance and through the thick and tenacious mud the men, sinking
almost to the knees at every step, dragged the heavy guns. To do this, thick pieces of timber were placed in front of the gun
wheels, and as soon as passed over the pieces behind were carried to the front, thus furnishing a temporary tramway. The
sand bags, filled, were packed on the men's shoulders to the banks of the Savannah, and then piled up to form the temporary
battery. The hardships and fatigues of this night's work can be better imagined than described. The night on which this
work was done was one of the most inclement of the whole winter. A heavy storm was raging, a cold rain was falling, and it.
was PO dark as to render objects at a short distance imperceptible. Success, however, crowned the labors of the men, and, on
the following morning, three large guns bore upon the inner channel, and in a short time, formidable batteries closed the river
and cut off Fort Pulaski from the main land. Much interest was shown to find out if northern men could live among the rice
fields of Georgia, as had so often been denied. The result, as far as I could learn, was, that the sickness among the soldiers
garrisoning the batteries was not greater than among the rest of the command. Everything that could assist in forwarding
the construction of the batteries was done, avid much labor was put upon them in order to make them tenable. Causeways
across the island were built, and the earth raised as fast as possible in the batteries, so that the troops might have dry footing.
Large dykes were erected and ditches dug. In short, everything was done that art, aided by a sufficiency of hands, could
effect. When the river was effectually closed by our guns, and the men could move about with impunity, sand and gravel were
brought in scows, and this afforded not only a dry but a pleasant footing. Some comfortable tents were pitched, and huts were
erected, and the men were as comfortable as in more eligible positions. The troops garrisoning the batteries were furnished
REPORT OF SURGEON COOPER, U. S. A. 233
with the best supplies at the command of the commissary department. Vegetables and fresh meats wore issued to them more
frequently than to any other troops in the department of the south. Indeed everything was done that possibly could be, in
order to place the troops in a fine sanitary condition. The medical officers on duty in the batteries were instructed to issue to
the men quinine and whiskey as a prophylactic, and with beneficial effect it was used, as the statements of the medical officers
informed me. While referring to the prophylactic use of quinine, I would state that in such cases as came under my own
observation, I saw much good resulting from it. Many men who seemed to be imperceptibly almost succumbing to the
malarious poison, were, in a short time, giving indications of perfect health. I would strongly recommend its use in all
malarious districts, for though the expense is considerable, the benefit following will, I think, more than compensate for the
outlay. As there was no hospital building at Hilton Head for the sick who might be brought there, it was thought proper to
have a building erected with the capacity of three hundred and fifty beds, but which, in an emergency could be increased to
four hundred and more. At first it was intended to have erected it in the pavilion style, but in consequence of the severe
storms, which, at times occur in the region, it was decided that the hollow square was stronger and less liable to be blown
down ; and this form, too, could have porticos placed around it, which, in the southern country, is an absolute requisite. In
order that ventilation might not be interfered with, the building was placed on piers, from one and a half to three feet in height,
according to the inequalities of the ground, so that a free circulation of air might be afforded from beneath the building, to the
hollow square which it enclosed. The building outside and inside is surrounded by nine feet porticos. Windows of large size
are placed as close to each other as the strength of the structure would permit of. Large folding doors, too, aid in ventilating.
The wards are covered with a ceiling of boards, above which is an air chamber formed by the roof, which is rather flat, but
over three feet from the ceiling at the apex. In this ceiling are large doors which open and shut by means of ropes running through
pulleys. The air in this air-chamber escapes when heated by the sun's rays beating on the roof, through ventilators placed
at convenient distances on the roof. These ventilators are furnished with blinds to prevent the ingress of the rain, but afford
no obstacle to the egress of the heated air. In the plan of the hospital it was intended to have iron registers placed in the floor,
which could be opened at will, to allow the air from beneath the hospital to enter. These registers had not been placed in
position before I left Hilton Head, as they had not arrived from New York. I cannot say if they have been furnished or not.
The kitchens, bath-rooms, wash and store-rooms, are in a series of buildings placed in the centre of the square, equidistant from
all parts of the hospital. From these buildings an underground drain has been opened, by means of which all the slops are
carried off to the sea beach. The water for the use of the hospital is procured from wells in the square, of which some ten
have been sunk. The water is soft and palatable. The sinks for the hospital are on the beach. Piles have been driven below
high water mark and the privies are placed thereon. A covered way, built on piles, leads to the sinks. The advantage of this
position is the absence of all disagreeable effluvia, inasmuch as the rising of the tide, twice in every twenty-four hours, washes
away all the excrement that may have collected. All the timber used in the erection of the building was brought from New
York, and much had to be considered in order to avoid all unnecessary expense, while adaptability was sought for. The
climate and position, too, had to be regarded. The hospital is built near to the sea beach and is exposed to all the winds from
the north, east and south, and partially to those from the west. It is removed as far from the fresh water swamps as possible,
and is in as eligible a position as could be found on the Island. I am informed by Assistant Surgeon Semple, II. S. A.,
who has charge of the hospital, that, during the epidemic of yellow fever, in the summer of 1862, no case was contracted in
the hospital or in its immediate vicinity. The square inclosed by the hospital buildings is one of three hundred and twenty-
five feet. The building is one story high, with an open space beneath ranging from one and-a-half to three feet. From this
style of building a perfect ventilation is afforded, no matter from what point the wind may blow. The floors, too, of the
hospital raised from the ground as they are, with a free circulation of air beneath them are always dry. I hold that the hospital
at Hilton Head is as well ventilated, and as well laid out as the circumstances and inconvenience under which it was built would
permit of. I am more urgent on this point, in consequence of seeing certain strictures cast upon it in a work on hygiene,
published by Lippincott, of Philadelphia, and edited by W. A. Hammond, Surgeon General of the Army of the United States.
I see that the Surgeon General labors under a misconception of the plan of the building, as he is under the impression that all
the ventilation comes through the openings in the sides of the building, which are only gates for the entrance and exit of the
ambulances and wagons. The ventilation of the square comes from beneath the buildings, not through these sallyports. The
hospital is represented to me by all the medical officers who have been on duty in it, and whom I have had an opportunity of
conversing with, as cool, pleasant, convenient and well ventilated. At the siege of Fort Pulaski, which lasted thirty-six hours,
the casualties on the part of the federal troops consisted of one man killed by a shell thrown into our batteries from the fort.
The casualties inside of the fort were three men wounded, two of whom required amputations, which operations were performed
prior to the surrender of the fort. I know not what the results of these operations were, as I left Hilton Head on the 18th
of April, a few days subsequent to the surrender. I left Hilton Head on a leave of absence for twenty days, granted me by
General Hunter. On reporting my presence in Philadelphia, I was directed to report in person to the Surgeon General in
Washington. On reporting, I was detailed for duty as medical purveyor in Philadelphia, where I remained until I was relieved
by Surgeon Robert Murray, U. S. A. Since then I have been awaiting orders by direction of the Honorable Secretary of War.
Your obedient servant,
GEORGE E. COOPER,
SURGEON GENERAL U. S. ARMY, Washington, I). C." Surgeon U. S. A.
CLXXXII. Extracts from Iteport of the Casualties in a /Skirmish at Coosaw ] liver, January \ ,
lSC>2. By Surgeon Gr. E. COOPER, II. S. Army, Mcdic;il Director Dejiartinciit of the South.
"A private of the 8th Michigan was killed, and an officer and six men of the same regiment were wounded,
and two men of the r>!lth Pennsylvania were wounded! The wounds were all uncomplicated flesh injuries, mid the wounded
did well at the hospital at Hilton Head." *
234 APPENDED DOCUMENTS COAST EXPEDITIONS.
CLXXXIII. — Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant
Surgeon I). C. PETERS, U. S. Army.
* * * "In April, 1861, and for many months previously, I was stationed at Fort Davis, Texas. This post is on the southern
overland mail route to California, and is about four hundred and fifty miles northwest of San Antonio, Texas. The circumstances
of the troops in Texas, and the base surrender of United States property in the State by the then commanding general,
have become historical, and need not be recapitulated by me on this occasion. My orders were to join the command under
Brevet Lieutenant Colonel I. V. D. Reeve, composed of companies of the 8th United States Infantry, as it moved down the
country from New Mexico and Arizona, and to act in the capacity of surgeon. In the month of April, 1861, Colonel Reeve's
forces, numbering over three hundred men arrived, and I immediately reported to that officer. We proceeded on our route, and
were not molested until Ave reached Fort Clark, Texas, where we found the road barricaded, and the fort in readiness to resist
our approach. Two of our officers had been dispatched ahead, to obtain supplies of which we stood in need, and which we were
to receive at the different military stations on the route; but they were here detained as prisoners until our command came up.
A conference was held between our commanding officer and the pei'son in charge of the fort. The latter informed us that war
had been declared, and had already commenced, between the northern and southern states; that Fort Sumter had been captured,
and other feats had been performed by the rebels. He, however, released our officers, furnished us provisions, and gave as an
excuse for his hostile conduct, that they had heard we were advancing with our troops and several thousand Indian allies, to
recapture Fort Clark. Acting under our instructions, and placing but little faith in this man's statements, we advanced down
the country, and were not again seriously molested until within ten miles of San Antonio, where we were surrounded by several
thousand Texan soldiers and a demand was made for an unconditional surrender. Our commander having already suspected
treachery, had selected for his position a hill on which was a stone house, and every preparation was made to give the
enemy battle. A flag of truce came in from General Van Dorn, stating that the force surrounding us were Confederate soldiers,
and we must yield to his superior numbers or suffer the consequences. He allowed Colonel Reeve to send an experienced
officer to ride through his lines and estimate his strength. On returning, this officer reported the enemy in great force and
well supplied with artillery. Our own troops were but poorly furnished with ammunition, had but a scanty amount of
provisions, and were without artillery. At least seventy of the men were completely broken down by scurvy and chronic
diarrhoea, and all were more or less worn by continuous marches over several hundred miles of desert country. At a council
of war, it was decided that it would be a useless sacrifice of life to resist, as even should we be victorious, which appeared
improbable, there was no chance of our ultimate success in escaping from the country, for we were informed that all
others of our soldiers had either vacated the State or had been surrendered, and the transport intended for our use had been
captured, and was then in the hands of the enemy. It was reluctantly decided to yield to the demands of those who had but
recently, while we were in strength and could have defied them, given false assurances of being our friends. Deeper infamy
never defaced the pages of American history than was, in this instance, practiced against a handful of officers and soldiers
who had been exposing their lives and undergoing hardships in defence of a State, whose people now proved themselves
incapable of even carrying out a solemn compact. After the surrender, the command was detained in San Antonio. I was
allowed quarters for a hospital, and, with the means at my disposal, made the sick as comfortable as possible. On giving up our
arms, it was understood that the soldiers were to be paroled and allowed the limits of the county of Bexar, and the officers the
limits of the so-called southern confederacy. These paroles were not afterward fully recognized, as the surrender took place on the
9th of May, 1861, and in the following month of June, the soldiers were marched off to a camp, where they were kept under
guard, and all intercourse between them and their officers was, by order of the authorities, suspended. After twenty-two months
of confinement these men were exchanged. Finding myself of no further use to our men, I applied for, and obtained,
permission to proceed to Richmond, Virginia, where I was in hopes of being released, on the ground, that as a surgeon, I might
not be considered as an actual combatant. I was aware that, in European countries, the custom had long since been established
of allowing army surgeons to practice their humane calling, Avith certain restrictions, without molestation, during the time, and
at the theatre of war, and in our own country the same custom prevailed during the Mexican Avar. My application met Avith
approAral, and I Avas furnished with the necessary papers, to protect me while travelling. I started on my journey June 22,
1861, in company with two other officers. We travelled to Galveston, Texas, and found the port blockaded by United States
cruisers, Avith Avhich we Avere not allowed to communicate. From Galveston Ave travelled several hundred miles overland by a
circuitous route to New Orleans, Louisiana. During this part of our journey we Avere subjected to innumerable hardships and
privations, and ran no small risk of losing our lives, as AVC found the people excited against the general government, and under
very little civil restraint. On arriving in Richmond, Virginia, I reported myself, according to promise, as a prisoner of war.
My effort to obtain an unconditional release Avas fruitless, but instead, after some delay, I Avas granted a very rigid parole, and
Avas informed that my only alternative Avas to accept it or remain a prisoner. After duly considering the subject, I signed the
paper, and Avas ordered to proceed north by Nashville, Tennessee. *
I was next ordered to Fort Pickens, Florida, and started for that place April 2, 186;!. I Avent by Havana and Key West,
in the first conveyance that offered, and reached Fort Pickens, Avithout delay, about the 15th of the same month. By Surgeon
John Campbell, U. S. A., senior medical officer at Santa Rosa Island, I was assigned to duty in the post hospital, and had
charge of the sick and Avounded of the regular artillery battalion, the numerical strength of Avhich Avas in the neighborhood
of eight hundred men, Avith fifteen officers. The other troops stationed on the island Avere the 6th and 75th NCAV York Volunteers,
both of Avhich regiments \vere composed of most excellent material, and Avere under good discipline and drill. The regulars
Avere model soldiers, and, by their officers, Avere considered perfect in all that pertained to their special branch of the service.
The health of all these soldiers was far above the usual standard in garrisons more favorably located. The men suffered
from scurvy, intermittent fever and diarrhoea, which sickness was caused, in a great measure, by the sameness of their diet, the
impossibility of obtaining fresh vegetables, and the inferior quality of the fresh meat, which unavoidably became damaged in
transit. Each volunteer regiment had its own hospital, mid Avas well supplied Avith the substantiate necessary for field service.
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SURGEON ]). C. PETERS, U. S. A. 235
Besides those throe hospitals, there was, at a distance of one and three-quarter miles above the fort, a general hospital for the
vise of our worst cases. On account of its eligible locality, it was constantly in use, and with beneficial results. The supplies
of medicines at the fort were liberal, embraced a great variety, and were a credit to the department. During the long and
faithful service at this isolated fort by Surgeon John Campbell, he justly won the esteem of both officers and men. In the
early part of May, the enemy fired forts McRae and Barrancas, and also the marine hospital, the town of Warrenton, their
barracks, and the United States navy yard. The conflagration was a fearfully grand spectacle. Our heavy artillery immediately
opened with the object of driving away the incendiaries, and, in a measure, succeeded. The firing commenced early in the
evening and continued all night, and Avas heard many miles at sea. It attracted the attention of Commodore Porter, on
the United States frigate Harriet Lane. He hastened to ascertain its cause. The commander of the forces at Fort Pickens
General L. G. Arnold, U. S. V., had matured a plan to make an assault on the Pensacola forts, but he had not facilities to cross
to make the attack. Commodore Porter gave General Arnold the use of his vessel, and in her, on the following day, six
hundred regular soldiers crossed to the mainland to drive away the enemy and to arrest the conflagration. I was ordered to
accompany this expedition. We landed without opposition, and at Fort Barrancas arrested the fire, and took several cannon
and other trophies. The Harriet Lane brought us reinforcements, and, when all was ready, we marched on to the town
of Pensacola, which the enemy vacated as we entered it. Our force not being sufficiently strong for a further advance our
men, for several days afterward, were employed in fortifying the place, and saving as much property as could be gathered
from the ruins. The citizens remaining at Pensacola were found to be in a destitute condition. The city itself was filthy, and
most of the wealthy people had deserted it. Our lines had become extensive, and we required more troops to make the place
tenable. In close proximity to us, the enemy had a large force, easy to be reinforced from Mobile. A request was sent to Key
West for reinforcements, and the 91st New York volunteer regiment was dispatched to our aid. On the remains of the old
Spanish fort, San Miguel, the site commanding the city and its environs, our men were employed in erecting fortifications,
which, when completed, mounted ten guns. The medical officers were given suitable houses, and soon had four capacious
hospitals. The town was thoroughly policed, and the quarters of the men were thoroughly purified before they were occupied.
The health of the 91st New York Volunteers was miserable on its arrival, but it was gradually improved by attending1 to the
ordinary laws of hygiene and thorough discipline. * * Pensacola is nearly encircled by a swamp, and as the hot weather
advances, this marsh, if neglected, dries up, and then commences a bad miasm from decayed animal and vegetable matter. That
this might be prevented, measures were taken to dam up the outlets, and only let the water escape gradually. In this manner
the health of the city was in a great measure preserved. The principal diseases we had to contend against were intermittent,
remittent and continued fevers, also diarrhoea and dysentery ; yet, but few cases terminated unfavorably. In June, 1862, the
Dengue or break-bone fever made its appearance, and was a troublesome complaint during the remainder of the season. As it
is considered a precursor of the yellow fever, every precaution was now taken to prevent that terrible scourge from making
its appearance. The medical director issued stringent quarantine laws, which were faithfully carried out; and thus our
garrison escaped to a certain extent, although, accidentally, the fever came near being forced upon us. At Mobile, the disease
was reported to be raging at a fearful rate, having been introduced there, it was said, by a rebel steamer called the Oreto,
afterward the Florida, which ran the blockade, and brought the disease from Havana. At Key West, yellow fever was causing
sad havoc, and a naval officer, on his way to join Admiral Farragut's fleet, touched there, contracted the seeds of the disease,
and on reporting on board the flag ship Hartford, at the Pensacola navy yard, was taken down with it, and soon died. Others
were soon affected, and several of these cases, I understood, terminated fatally. The close proximity of the navy-yard to our
forces rendered our danger extreme, yet we escaped with the loss of only one man. He was a regular soldier, and was seized
with symptoms of the fever early in the morning, and died in the hospital under my charge the same day. I made a post
mortem, and found pathological conditions which satisfied me of the man's true complaint. For reasons of policy, knowing
that the fear of disease predisposes men to it, I kept my own counsel, destroyed the man's clothing, used antiseptics freely, and,
in fine, employed every means in my power to prevent the fever spreading. Very fortunately I met with success, as no other
case occurred. At Pensacola a complaint was quite common among the men last season which was new to me, and proved
interesting. It was called 'ground itch ' by the lower classes, and is no doubt akin to scabies. It is vesicular in character, and
is confined to the feet and ankles. Owing to the heat, the men were in the habit of going about in the sand with shoes on,
but no stockings, and thus the parasite was first received and then spread. Under the use of sulphur ointments and cleanlmesss
the disease was easily eradicated. Before closing the subject of yellow fever, I would here state that the island of Santa Rosa
could be rendered available to troops serving in the Department of the Gulf, as a place of safe refuge, in case they either have
or are threatened with this terrible epidemic. There is no spot on the western coast of Florida more favorable for establishing
a large general hospital, either for the army or navy, during the time of war, and experience has taught us its immense value
in a sanitary point of view.
In addition to the regular duties devolving upon me, in attending to the regular battalion at Pensacola, I was directed by
the commanding general to give my professional services to the citizens of the city, and supply them with all necessary
medicines. The physicians belonging to the city had taken their departure, and some were serving with the rebel army. In
giving my services to these poor people, mostly women and children/ 1 found them ever grateful, and it was a source of
satisfaction to me to aid in alleviating their sufferings. The number of cases treated by me, among these citizens, far exceeded
the same among the soldiery, and my time, especially at night, was fully occupied. I found intermittent, bilious, and remittent
fevers were more common in this locality than I had supposed, as my opinions had been formed on this subject from medical
works. While stationed here, I accompanied two expeditions up the Black Water River, in which much valuable property
belonging to the Navy Department was recaptured without the loss of a man on our side. Early in September, the companies
of regulars stationed at Pensacola were ordered to New Orleans, and I was directed to accompany them. On arriving in New
Orleans, we were encamped first in Annunciation square, and afterward wen- moved to the Molarie race course, where our
command used the visitors' stand for quarters. A portion of the stand was appropriated fora hospital : I remained in charge of
this hospital, and, by order of Hie medical director, Surgeon Charles Mct'otmiek, I'. S. A., was detailed as acting medical
236 APPENDED DOCUMENTS COAST EXPEDITIONS.
inspector of the department. In this capacity, I was employed in visiting hospitals, examining men who had heen recommended
for discharge hy their regimental surgeons, and in rendering such other assistance as lay in my power. All officers applying
for furloughs, or who contemplated resigning on the plea of ill health, had to be examined and have their certificates made out
by me, before they were presented to the medical director. The buildings used for hospitals in the city and its environs were
generally judiciously selected, and were the most suitable buildings that could be obtained; the extensive experience of our
worthy medical director, in treating diseases in this locality, enabled him to make some very important and beneficial improve
ments in them. The two largest general hospitals were styled the St. James, formerly a hotel, and the Marine, a government
building, which, being erected upon made ground, was unhealthy. There were, besides these, regimental and other hospitals,
scattered about the city, and at Carelton, six miles distant, Surgeon McCormick caused another general hospital to be
established. In proportion to the number of troops in the department, the amount of sickness was very large, and the care of
them severely taxed the energies of the medical officers. The rebel army had used up, destroyed, or carried awray most of the
articles essential to the sick, en evacuating the city. The supplies shipped from New York were not equal to the demand for
them, and, until Surgeon McCormick could establish manufactories and regulate the means of promptly supplying them, there
were some just grounds of complaint. From the day of his first assuming charge of the department, there was a marvelous and
steady improvement in the arrangements made for the care of the sick, and, under his able management, the sanitary condition
of the city was never heretofore equaled. The greater part of the soldiers under Major General B. F. Butler were from the
Eastern States, and were unused to the malaria and the heat of this section of the country. Prior to occupying New Orleans,
their health had been much undermined by service on Ship Island, in the Gulf. The expedition under the late General Williams
against Vicksburg, and the commencement of the canal opposite that city, greatly augmented the sickness in this department,
otherwise the men remained in an average state of health, compared with the natives. The quarantine laws instituted by
General Butler, as after experience verified, had the effect of keeping the yellow fever from the city ; although cases of the
disease were quite numerous at tlie quarantine station, which was located at a safe distance below the city, and on the Mississippi
River. At the race course, the regular battalion, both officers and men, suffered severely from intermittent fever, and it finally
became necessary to change their position to a more eligible locality, where the disease abated toward the latter part of
November, 1882. I was relieved from duty in this department, and received orders to take charge of Brigadier General L. G.
Arnold, U. S. V., who was laboring under general paralysis, the result of a coup de soleil, received while reviewing the brigade
under General Weitzel, in the streets of New Orleans, and to accompany him to his home in Boston, Massachusetts. Our
voyage was made without accident, and was of great benefit to the general, whom I left among his relatives, and then reported
myself at Washington."
CLXXXIV. l?cj)ort of the Operations of the Medical Department at the Occupation of
Roanoke Island. By Brigade Surgeon "W. II. CHURCH, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director.
"GENERAL I have the honor to submit the following report of the killed and wounded of your command, consequent
upon the attack on Eoanoke Island, February 7, 1862. A small boat having been ordered on shore to reconnoitre, was attacked
by the enemy, when Charles Viall, a private of Company E, of the 5th Rhode Island battalion, received a wound in the lower
jaw, causing a compound comminuted fracture, from which he will probably recover. February 8th, upon the advance of
General J. G. Foster, the few houses and outhouses at Ashby's Landing were at once prepared for the reception of the wounded,
and placed in charge of Surgeon M. Storrs, 8th Connecticut Volunteers, his regiment having been ordered there to protect the
landing of our forces and to hold the position. Brigade Surgeon J. H. Thompson now advanced with the troops, to take charge
of the wounded on the field of battle, where he remained until the battery was taken, assisting in the care of the wounded,
and sending them, with the least possible delay, to the field hospital. Through the energy of Dr. Thompson, much suffering has
been avoided. Finding that there was not sufficient room in these buildings to receive the wounded, we immediately took
possession of Ashby's house, a short distance from the first, and quite as convenient to the field of action. The 5th Rhode
Island battalion having been ordered to guard this point, Assistant Surgeon A. Potter, Rhode Island Volunteers, took charge
of it, until further assistance could be procured. Surgeon David Minis, jr., 48th Pennsylvania Volunteers, who, after the death
of Surgeon F. S. Weller, 9th New Jersey Volunteers, by drowning at Hatteras Inlet, was detailed to serve with the 9th New
Jersey, was soon placed in charge of this temporary hospital, where there was sufficient room to receive all the wounded not
provided for. During the action of this day, Colonel Charles L. Russell, of the 10th Connecticut Volunteers, was shot through
the lung, and died almost immediately. Lieutenant Colonel Vigiuer de Monteuil, of the 53d New York Volunteers, was also
killed, by a ball passing through his brain. Accompanying this, you will find a list of the killed and wounded of each regiment
that participated in the engagement. The surgical portion of your command has performed its duties faithfully and fearlessly.
Surgeon J. Marcus Rice, of the 25th Massachusetts Volunteers, was wounded in the midst of his very arduous duties. The
ball grazed his side, fortunately without inflicting a severe wound. We have found three large, commodious, and well
ventilated buildings erected upon the island for hospital purposes, which Avill afford ample accommodation for our sick and
wounded. The largest hospital, at the north end of the island, I have placed in charge of Surgeon S. A. Green, of the 24th
Massachusetts Volunteers, and Surgeon George A. Otis, of the 27th Massachusetts Volunteers, has the management of the two
hospitals near the fort, at the centre of the island. I would respectfully ask your attention to the fact that the wounded of the
enemy have received the same care and attention from the surgeons as our own wounded. Permit me to take advantage of this
opportunity to express our gratitude to the officers of the U. S. gunboat Delaware, the surgeon having dressed a large number
of our wounded.
I am, General, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
WM. HENRY CHURCH,
To General A. E. BuiiXSiDi;." Uriyadc Surgeon U. S. V.
EEPORTS OF MKDICAL OFFICERS. 237
CLXXXV. • Extracts from a llcport on' the Battle of Itoanoke Island. By Surgeon J. II.
THOMPSON, U. S. Volunteers.
"The 1st brigade. General J. G. Foster's, of General Burnside's division, landed on Roanoke Island on
April 7, 1862. On the morning of the 8th, our troops engaged the enemy soon after dawn. I selected the best spot I could
find out of range of the enemy's battery to have the wounded brought to, but the island being flat and marshy, there was no
perfect protection from the rifle balls. During the time the action lasted the men fell very fast, and I found it impossible to
separate regiments or brigades, and instructed the surgeons on the ground to attend to any case which was first brought in
without regard to regiments. The spot which was originally selected soon became filled, and one on the opposite side of the
road was cleared for the same purpose. This I could not visit during the engagement, but all who were taken there were
well attended to by the surgeons in charge. One hundred and twenty-two passed under my direction, but very few of which
were slight wounds. The following cases I considered it best to amputate on the field : One man with both lower extremities
shattered by a cannon ball, one man with his arm shattered above the elbow, two with compound comminuted fractures of the
lower third of the femur by grape-shot. Two others, with similar injuries, I directed the attending surgeons to amputate.
With the exception of one case, all who were amputated on the field are doing well, and the exceptional case was complicated
by a wound in the abdomen, not discovered at the time. * * There were seventeen killed and one hundred and fourteen
wounded in the brigade."
CLXXXVI. Extracts from Report of the Casualties at the Battle of New Berne. By Brigade
Surgeon "W. H. CHURCH, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director.
"I arrived at the rear of the field of action about eight o'clock A.M., and had just located the hospitals,
when the wounded made their appearance. Brigade Surgeon J. H. Thompson located his hospital in the woods at the rear
of the first brigade. Surgeon C. Cutter, 21st Massachusetts Volunteers, of the second, located his on the left of our line,
and Surgeon II. AV. Rivera, 4th Rhode Island Volunteers, of the third brigade, established his in an open, well-sheltered wood,
just to the right of the first brigade. From the list of casualties it will be well understood that the labor of the medical corps
has been very severe, especially after the long march and comfortless night before the day of action. The conduct of Surgeon
George Derby and Assistant Surgeon S. E. Stone, both of the 23d Massachusetts Volunteers, is deserving of special mention.
Before the action opened, I located them at a point which proved to be in the immediate range of the enemy's fire. They must
have remained there two hours before I thought of their position, when I found them quietly performing their operations, with
the balls falling thick' and fast. I immediately ordered Dr. Derby to remove his wounded to a house in a more protected
position, where he remained in charge of his own, and of many other wounded. : ' Drs. Upham, Kneeland, Batchelder,
and Clarke joined us at Hatteras Inlet, and were of great assistance, both in the field and in hospital."
CLXXXVJI. Extracts from a Narrative of his Services during the War. By Surgeon B. B.
BREED, IT. S. Volunteers.
"My first commission in the service dates April 16, 1861, when, as Surgeon of the 8th Massachusetts Militia,
I proceeded to Annapolis, and afterward to Washington. : * The regiment was not under fire during its term of service,
and the only medical fact worthy of note, is its comparative immunity from disease. Of the eight hundred men composing it,
none had undergone a physical examination ; but, though subject to much exposure, none died. ; After six months,
.occupied principally in the examination of recruits, I was assigned to the Circle hospital in Washington, afterward to Armory
Square and Finley hospitals, and on November 1, 1862, as medical purveyor at New Berne. * The routine of duty in the
department of North Carolina was monotonous; but one movement of importance taking place after my arrival, namely, an
expedition to Goldsboro', January, 1863. This movement was marked by three engagements — at Kinston, Whitehall, and
Goldsboro'. I accompanied the expedition with additional medical stores, and my duties were principally confined to the
supplying of field hospitals with articles needed. : The column was composed of eighteen infantry regiments, four
batteries, and one regiment of cavalry. They were all well equipped. Each regiment was furnished with a hospital wagon,
panniers, and a hospital knapsack, and a proper allowance of hospital stores. No hospital tents were carried. The ambulances
were of the two-wheeled Coolidge pattern. They were insufficient in number, and nearly worn out. In all these engagements
the wounded were attended in houses on or near the battlefield. Good water was generally accessible, and sufficient supplies
of soups, bread, and farinaceous food and stimulants were provided from the stores in my possession. The wounded were
removed from the fields of action to the field hospitals by detachments of men selected by the regimental surgeons. The
ambulances for each brigade Were under the charge of the senior surgeons of brigade. ' The wounded at Kinston and
Whitehall were left at the field hospitals, under charge of surgeons detailed for the purpose, until the return of the column
from Goldsboro'. Nearly one half of the wounded, numbering in all, five hundred, were carried to New Borne in ambulances
or army wagons. The others were taken below Kinston, on the Neuse River, on board of a stern-wheel flat-bottomed steamer,
and on a scow towed by the steamer. The wounded were much crowded on these boats. The facilities for cooking were very
limited. Only by constant exertion were we able to furnish the necessary supplies. In the narrow and crooked river, the
steamer, cumbered by the scow, was nearly unmanageable, and we were twenty-nine hours in accomplishing the voyage of
sixty miles. The nights were excessively cold, but the men were well provided with extra blankets. The wounded
were all placed in hospital at New Berne. Almost all the operations were primary, and were performed at the field hospitals.
Chloroform was almost invariably employed as an anaesthetic, arid without bad effects in any case. On this expedition
the following articles were taken by me on two large army wagons: eighty bed sucks, two hundred blanket.-, forty pound.- of
238 APPENDED DOCUMENTS COAST EXPEDITIONS.
tea, fifty pounds of candles, forty-eight pounds of ether, ten ounces of sulphate of morphia, ten pounds of simple cerate, onft
hundred dozen bandages, twelve dozen bottles of whiskey, twelve dozen of wine, two pounds of tow, forty strips of pasteboard,
forty-eight ounces of tincture of opium, ten pounds of Dover's powder, one hundred dozen opium pills, fifty yards of adhesive
plaster, two sets of assorted splints, ten ounces of sulphate of iron, one pound of liquor of ammonia, ten pounds of lint, twenty-
five gutta percha bed covers, one hundred dozen quinine pills, twenty ounces sulphate of quinia, one hundred dozen compound
cathartic pills, fifteen pounds of flax-seed meal, one set of horse panniers, one hospital knapsack, six basins, two bedpans, one
hospital mess chest, two lanterns.
At the commencement of an engagement, these wagons, which, on the march, were placed in rear of the ambulance
train, and in front of the supply train, were brought to the houses selected for the field hospitals, and such articles as were of
immediate use issued to the surgeons in charge. The bed sacks wTere filled with corn shucks, and, with the army blankets,
furnished clean and comfortable beds for the wounded, as they were brought in from the field. There was a deficiency of
cooking utensils, which will be obviated as soon as the new medicine wagons, already ordered, shall be furnished to the
department. I am convinced that extra stores thus provided, can be of great benefit in case of an engagement; they should be
assigned in definite quantities to each division, under charge of an officer whose duty it should be, on the eve of an engagement,
to bring these wagons to the places selected for field hospitals, to prepare a kitchen and food for immediate use. Such an
arrangement would obviate the necessity, on the part of the regimental surgeons, of burdening themselves with extra stores.
The ordinary knapsack and panniers contain supplies sufficient for the ordinary wants of a regiment on the march. The officers
detailed with each division, could discharge the duties of acting assistant medical purveyors, accounting for their issues with
invoices and receipts, as vouchers to the medical purveyor of the corps." *
CLXXXV1IL Extracts from Jteports relative to the Orjerations of the Medical Staff in the
department of North Carolina^ from August, 1863, to the Close of the War. By Surgeon
D. "VV. HAND, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director in North Carolina.
* * * " On August 14, 1863, 1 relieved Surgeon F. G. Snelling, U. S.V., as medical director of North Carolina. * *
On assuming charge of the medical department, I found fourteen thousand troops in the district. Seven thousand of them
were in and about New Berne. Most of them were encamped on the outskirts of the town, and between it and the extensive
swamps everywhere surrounding New Berne. They were in either sto'ckade tents or temporary barracks, and for the most
part were in a good state of discipline. One regiment, the 27th Massachusetts Volunteers, was doing provost guard duty, and
was quartered in large dwelling houses in the town. Extensive entrenchments had recently been thrown up around the city,
ditches had been dug, and a belt of brush and timber about one mile wide had been cleared in front of the breastworks. During
September and October, it was found that the intei-mittent and remittent fevers prevailed extensively. The number of men
daily off duty oh account of sickness being from forty to one hundred and sixty-eight in each regiment. A number of cases of
congestive fever occurred, producing death within from six to thirty hours after the attack. I have reason to believe that some
of these cases were mistaken for cerebro-spinal meningitis by the medical officers in attendance. Considering the amount of
sickness, however, at this time, the mortality was not great. Each regiment had a hospital of its own, with a liberal supply
of medicine and stores, and most of the medical officers were active and intelligent. There were also in New Berne two general
hospitals for the reception of such cases as the regimental surgeons saw fit to send to them. In October, these hospitals were
united under the charge of Surgeon J. Delamater, U. S. V., and thereafter formed the Foster general hospital, with a capacity
of five hundred beds. To this hospital were brought chronic and tedious cases from all parts of the district. The regiment
quartered in the city suffered very little from malarial fevers, and all through the fall was remarkably healthy. It was also
noticed that the 92d New York Volunteers, stationed at Fort Anderson, on the east bank of the Neuse Eiver, and where the
prevailing southwest wind reached it only after passing over a two mile stretch of water, was remarkably free from intermittent
fever, and its sick list was very small. A number of fatal cases of congestive fever, however, occurred among these men. * *
In November and December, 1863, six regiments, numbering about thirty-five hundred men, were ordered to Fort Monroe.
No active operations whatever were undertaken in North Carolina by the remaining troops, and through the winter they did
merely garrison and light picket duty. During the winter of 1863 and 1464, small pox prevailed extensively among the
refugees and negroes congregated in and about New Berne. Every effort was made to protect the soldiers by vaccination; but
twenty-seven of them had variola or varioloid, and six died. Sarracenia purpurea was at this time extensively used in the
treatment of small pox ; but without any beneficial result. The hospital accommodations for small pox patients at New Berne are
excellent. Around Beaufort harbor, doing garrison duty at Beaufort, Fort Macon, Morehead city, and Newport, were stationed
about two thousand two hundred men, who, during the fall of 1863, escaped the malarial fevers and were in excellent health.
On the line of the railroad from New Berne to Morehead city were two stations, Croatan and Havelock, where, from fifty to
one hundred men were constantly kept. These posts were in the midst of swamps, and the men suffered so much from
intermittent fever, that they had to be relieved every ten days. Farther down on the railroad, at Newport, Caroline city, and
Morehead city, the prevailing winds came directly from the sea, and the troops at these points were free from malarial fever.
Several regiments much broken down by sickness, near New Berne, were removed, on my recommendation, to these places
with marked benefit, At Morehead city, the Mansfield general hospital was opened in September, ltf-3, with a capacity of
three hundred beds. A general hospital, with a capacity of two hundred beds was already in operation at Beaufort, on the
opposite side of the sound. To these hospitals, the convalescents and slight fever cases were removed from the post and
regimental hospitals at New Berne, Washington,, and Plymouth, und the patients rapidly recovered. It was noticed, however,
that very many men coming to the sea shore from the interior would have chills developed at once, and others would have
slight attacks, much aggravated at first. It was found to be the same with persons going north who had long been exposed to
the- malarial poison. Washington, North Carolina, was garrisoned by a force of eighteen hundred men. This town is on the
REPORT OF SURGEON D. W. HAND, U. S. V. 239
Tnu River, and is nearly surrounded l>y swamps and low marshes. The pickets were close in. The entrenchments ahout the
town were early thrown up "and very circumscribed. Much slashing had been done in front of the breastworks, and a fine
grove of cedar trees on the river bank, southwest of the town, had been foolishly cut down. In consequence, the malarial
fevers this fall were very violent, and prevailed to an alarming extent. Few men there escaped an attack of chills, and in
October, cases of congestive fever were very frequent. Most of these at first proved fatal ; but through the energy and
promptness of the medical officers on duty there, these cases soon became manageable, and nearly all recovered. It was noticed
that the men were generally seized at night, and often while on guai'd, and finding that only the most vigorous and prompt treat
ment promised success, the medical officers arranged to have bath tubs and hot water constantly on hand at their hospitals, and
skilled attendants on duty there night and day. A hot bath, with internal stimulation and free doses of quinine was found to
be the successful treatment. Assistant Surgeon P. J. Nichols, 58th Pennsylvania Volunteers, wras particularly efficient at this
time. I repeatedly noticed that the men recovering from this congestive form of fever had a peculiar appearance of the eyes
for several weeks after, looking as though there had been some effusion on the brain. In December, the health of the command
was much improved, and nothing serious occurred there afterward. In April, 1864, Washington was evacuated by order of
Major General Butler, and most of the troops were transferred to Bermuda Hundred. Plymouth, North Carolina, had a
garrison of three thousand men, five regiments, and the commanding officer kept the troops in good spirits bv occasional
expeditions to points on the different rivers emptying into Albemarle Sound. As at Washington, the troops and the newly
erected breastworks were close upon the town. Much slashing had been done. The Eoanoke River is here very deep, and its
current swift; but the shores are low, and opposite the town the water spreads out for miles among the cypress roots and tall
rank grass. In September, October, and November, 1863, this command suffered severely from malarial fever. At times, full
one half the men would be off duty on account of sickness, and all suffered more or less from intermittent fever. Few cases of
congestive fever, however, occurred, and the mortality was not great. As cold weather came on, the health of the men
improved ; but no active operations were undertaken, and, on April 20, 1864, Plymouth, with its garrison was captured bv
the enemy. A stout defence was made, and our loss before the surrender was twenty-two killed, and eighty-two wounded.
The wounded fell into the hands of the enemy, and it is believed that most of them died while prisoners. * * Since the
capture of Roanoke Island, about five hundred men have usually been kept there. The western part of the island which is
swampy, proved to be unhealthy, while the eastern and northern portions being near the sea, were found to be nearly free from
malarial fever. At Hatteras Inlet, one hundred and fifty men have done garrison duty since the capture of the forts there.
They have always been free from epidemic or endemic disease. * *
On February 1, 1864, a rebel force under command of Major General Pickett attempted to capture New Berne. The
troops on outpost duty were driven in, and the reinforcements sent to them were met by the enemy and badly beaten. Our loss
was twenty killed and about eighty wounded. Three hundred men were taken prisoners. The wounded fell into the hands
of the enemy. Ample preparations were made at the Foster hospital for the reception of the wounded at this time; but, after
besieging the town two days, and making one unsuccessful assault, General Pickett withdrew his troops. Another expedition
against New Berne was undertaken the following May by General Hoke, but his forces were called to the relief of Petersburg,
Virginia, before he had accomplished anything. On June 4, 1864, two large torpedoes were accidentally exploded at Bachelor's
Creek, an outpost of New Berne, instantly killing thirty-six soldiers and eight negroes, and seriously wounding twenty-nine
men attached to the 132d New York Volunteers. Many of the latter casualties involved compound fractures and extensive
lacerations of the soft parts. Almost without exception these cases did well, and from the most terrible injuries the men
recovered with useful limbs. They were treated at the Foster hospital, Surgeon C. A. Cowgill, U. S. V., being in charge.
The command in North Carolina was reduced by order of Major General Butler in May, 1864, to five thousand men, and these
were kept closely in garrison. During the summer the general health was good, .but early in September an epidemic of yellow
fever appeared at New Berne, and seized on nearly every soldier who was exposed to it. The regiment doing provost guard
duty, the 15th Connecticut Volunteers, wras immediately moved outside the town, and all the patients in hospital able to bear
transportation were, as fast as possible, removed to Morehead City and Beaufort. About six hundred soldiers had the fever,
of whom two hundred and eighty died. A special report on this subject was made in April, 1865.
No operations of any special importance were undertaken by this command during the winter of 1864-'65 ; but in January,
Major General Terry, with a portion of the army of the James, stormed and captured Fort Fisher, North Carolina. Two
hundred and ten of the wounded from this battle were brought to»Mansfield general hospital, at Morehead Citv, where the
necessary operations were performed by Assistant Surgeon J. M. Palmer, 85th New York Volunteers. The wounds of these
men healed with remarkable rapidity, and the men nearly all recovered much sooner than was expected. I have thought that
the stimulating effects of the victory they had won had much to do with it. On February 12. 1865, I received an order from
the War Department requiring me to report directly to the Surgeon General's Office as medical director of the troops in North
Carolina; but being directed by Major General Schofield, who soon after assumed command of the department of North
Carolina, to remain in New Berne, I did not superintend the medical department of the army in the field during the operations
against Wilmington, or on its march from that place to Kinston, North Carolina. Surgeon Edward Shippen, U. S. V., medical
director of the Twenty-third Corps, was with the commanding general at this time, and acted as medical director of the
active forces. His reports were not forwarded through my office. This closes my report for the district of North Carolina,
and is complete for all operations in which I was concerned there until March 1, 1865. * *
" I have the honor to make the following report concerning the operations of the medical department in North Carolina
from March 1, 1865, until the close of the war: The State of North Carolina having been made a distinct department, under
command of Major General Schofield, active operations were at once begun with a view to aiding General Sherman in his
movement against General Johnston's army. During the latter part of February, all the available troops in the former district
of North Carolina were concentrated at New Berne under command of Brevet Major General Palmer. The 1st division of the
Twenty-third Corps, under command of Brevet Major General Euger, arrived there from the west, and also a provisional
division, composed of recruits and stragglers from General Sherman's army at the time it left Atlanta, Georgia. The ulmlc
240 APPENDED DOCUMENTS COAST EXPEDITIONS.
of this force, about thirteen thousand strong, was commanded by Major General Cox, and was moved out from New Berne on
March 3d, following the line of railroad to Kinston and Goldsboro', North Carolina. The transportation of the Twenty-third
Corps not having arrived, all the ambulances that could be spared from the post of New Berne were sent with this force under
charge of an officer who was temporarily attached to the staff' of General Co'x. Not more than one ambulance to each thousand
men was thus provided; but as the troops were ordered to proceed only by the line of railroad, and little faster than the
track could be relaid behind them, this amount of transportation for the wounded was found sufficient. Surgeon P. B. Rice,
132d New York Volunteers, accompanied General Palmer's division as surgeon-in-chief; Surgeon J. H. Spurnier, 123d Indiana
Volunteers, that of General Ruger, and Surgeon S. S. Mumford, U. S. V., the provisional division under command of Brigadier
General Carter. These officers were directed to send their sick to New Berne by railroad, and, in case of battle, to keep their
temporary hospitals as near the line of railroad as possible, and to forward all the wounded to New Berne as fast as the
temporary dressings were applied. In New Berne, preparations were made for a large increase of patients, and by extending
the hospital accommodations mainly near the railroad, we were enabled, notwithstanding our deficient ambulance force, to
transfer the sick and wounded rapidly from the front to our wards. The Foster general hospital, under charge of Surgeon C.
A. Cowgill, U. S. V., had its accommodations at this time increased to fifteen hundred beds, and a few weeks later its capacity
was extended to three thousand beds. On the 8th, 9th and 10th of March, the enemy, under General Hoke, attacked our
forces near Kinston, North Carolina, but was driven back each day. They captured, however, seven hundred of our men, and
killed and wounded about three hundred. The wounded were promptly removed from the field, and all of them conveyed
to New Berne within from twelve to thirty-six hours after the action. The more serious cases were, as fast as they became able
to travel, transferred by hospital steamer to the north. The enemy retreated from before Kinston on March 10th, and. on
March 14th, that town was occupied by General Cox. He was joined, on March llth, by the 2d and 3d divisions of the
Twenty-third Corps from Wilmington, under command of Major General Couch ; and General Schofield, who arrived at the
front on March 8th, assumed command of the whole force. After resting the troops at Kinston six days, waiting for the
rebuilding of the railroad bridge over the Neuse River, they were, on March 20th. put in motion for Goldsboro', which place
was reached without opposition the next day. Major General Terry, with a portion of the Tenth Corps from Wilmington,
now joined General Schofield, and, on March 23d, General Sherman arrived with his whole army. The troops belonging to
General Schofield's department of North Carolina, comprising the Tenth and Twenty-third Corps, were now united as the
army of the Ohio, and hereafter formed the centre of General Sherman's army. Surgeon Edward Shippen, U. S. V., was at
this time announced as medical director of the army of the Ohio. Temporary hospitals were prepared by Surgeon Shippen at
Goldsboro', but all serious cases were transferred to New Berne; so, also, were the sixteen hundred wounded brought by
General Sherman from the battles of Averysboro' and Bentonville, North Carolina, and all the sick of his army. On March
8th, the Mansfield general hospital at Morehead City was broken up by General Sherman's chief quartermaster, and the
buildings were used for storage. Anticipating the demand for increased hospital accommodations as soon as General Sherman
should reach Goldsboro', I immediately reopened this hospital at Beaufort, and increased its capacity to six hundred beds.
By this hospital and the Foster at New Berne, with a capacity of three thousand beds, we were now enabled to receive all the
sick and wounded from Goldsboro' until they could be shipped north by the three hospital steamers at that time ordered to
Beaufort Harbor. On April 10th, General Sherman's whole army inarched against General Johnston, of course sending to
New Berne all the accumulated sick of the two weeks of rest. No opposition was offered by the enemy, and our forces occupied
Raleigh on April 13th. Soon after, an armistice was granted by General Sherman, and it being followed by the surrender
of General Johnston's army, no more fighting took place in North Carolina.
On April 29th, the right and left wings of General Sherman's army marched from Raleigh for Washington and home,
leaving in the department of North Carolina the TwTenty-third and Tenth Corps, and a division of cavalry under Major General
Kilpatrick. The sick were, at this time, gradually brought down to the hospitals at New Berne and Beaufort, and transferred
to the hospital steamers whenever they came in. This process was continued through the months of May and June, and until
a large proportion of troops in the department were mustered out of service. I was officially announced as medical director
of the department of North Carolina on March 15th, but owing to the difficulty of communicating with Wilmington, no
report from there reached my office during that month. I therefore hastened, immediately after the occupation of Goldsboro'
and the proper disposition of the sick and wounded brought in by General Sherman, to visit that place. I arrived there on
April 2d. and found Surgeon George C. Jarvis, 7th Connecticut Volunteers, acting as chief medical officer. Surgeon Jarvis
was working hard, and, with the medical officers under him, doing all he could for the sick ; but there was a sad want of
system, and owing to the death of several prominent medical officers, and the sickness of most of the others, the records
of the hospitals were in a very confused and unsatisfactory condition. At that time there were in Wilmington fourteen district
hospitals, with an aggregate of twenty-three hundred patients. Some of these patients were exchanged prisoners, but most
of them were recruits and other soldiers taken sick on their way to join General Sherman's army, and colored soldiers sent to
the rear by' General Terry while on his march to Goldsboro.' The sick were in dwelling-houses, railroad depots, and other
unsuitable places, and the mortality among them had been very great, although at this time greatly reduced. Of eighty-six
hundred exchanged prisoners received at northeast North Carolina on February 25th and 26th, thirty-six hundred were so ill
as to require immediate hospital treatment, and to be unable to travel on common transports. These men were first placed
in the temporary hospitals to which I referred, where an epidemic fever broke out, carrying off many of them, and extending
not only to the troops stationed there, but to the citizens in all parts of the town. A special report on that fever will be
forwarded by me. At the time of my visit, April 2d, that fever still prevailed in Wilmington, and the city being very filthy,
it was thought best to remove all the men in hospital from this place as soon as possible. The two regiments doing duty there
had already been encamped outside the town. With that view, arrangements were at once made to open a general hospital
of a thousand beds at Smithville, on the Cape Fear River, twenty-three miles below- Wilmington. The hospital steamer
General Barnes arrived at that time, and took on board the remainder of the exchanged prisoners. Most of tin; small hospitals
were closed, and two large churches were seized and prepared for use as hospitals until such time as the balance of the white
REPORTS OF SURGEONS HAND ANT) WIRTZ.
sick could be removed. The colored soldiers were all removed to a hospital just outside tlie town. Sunreon George C. Jarvis,
7th Connecticut Volunteers, was placed in charge of all the hospitals thus arranged. The Smithville general hospital was
placed in charge of Surgeon J. M. Palmer, 3d New York Volunteers, and. at my request, Surgeon S. S. Mumford, U. S. V., was
relieved from duty in the field, and ordered to report to the commanding general of the district of Wilmington. Not many
patients were after this sent to Wilmington, and by May 1st the hospitals were nearly empty, and the city quite healthy.
Early in May, the purveying depot at Wilmington was broken up, and the stores removed to New Berne. It had generally
provided well for the wants of the sick in and about Wilmington. The medical purveying depot at New Berne, under charge
of Surgeon N. Mayer, 16th Connecticut Volunteers, was kept constantly well supplied with medicines and stores, and issued
rapidly on all proper requisitions from General Sherman's army, as well as for the department of North Carolina. Most of the
patients' in general hospitals were mustered out of service, and in compliance with instructions from the Surgeon General's
Office, the expenses of the medical department were rapidly reduced in May and June. Nearly all the contract surgeons and
nurses were discharged. The Mansfield general hospital at Beaufort, and the Wilmington general hospital, were closed on
June 25th. The Foster general hospital was removed from New Berne to the hospital buildings at Morehead City, and its
capacity reduced to four hundred beds. The Smith ville general hospital was also reduced to two hundred beds, and all
surplus property turned in to the quartermaster and medical purveyor. During the summer months, the number of troops in
the department was constantly reduced by muster out, the medical staff being reduced in the same proportion. On September
17th, the Suiithville hospital was finally closed, and on October 30th, the Foster general hospital at Morehead City was broken
up. On November 18, 1865, I was relieved from duty as medical director of the department of North Carolina.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
D. W. HAND, Suryeon U. S. V.
To THE SURGEON GENERAL UNITED STATES ARMY."
CLXXXIX. Extract from a Letter to the Surgeon General relative to Skirmishes near Kinston,
North Carolina. By Surgeon D. W. HAND, U. S. "V., Medical Director.
"A series of skirmishes took place during March 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th, and most of the wounds were from
musketry at short range. Two division hospitals were established in the rear. The wounded were carried to them on stretchers,
which were well supplied and managed. From the hospital they were taken over a very bad road in ambulances six miles to
the railroad terminus. The railroad was not in condition to transport the wounded speedily or well, and they were from one
to three days in reaching New Berne. Most of them, however, arrived at the Foster general hospital in New Berne in good
condition. The force present during the fighting was about fifteen thousand ; engaged, eight thousand."
CXC. Extract from a Report on the Casualties at Morris Island in August and Ser^tember,
1863. By Surgeon HORACE K. WIRTZ, U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Department of
the South.
"After the assault of July 10th, a regular approach by parallels was commenced, and batteries were erected in
the rear to fire at Forts Sumter and Wagner. On August 17th, the formal attack opened on Fort Wagner, Gregg and Sumter,
and by the '24th, Sumter was a mass of ruins. The siege of Fort Wagner was vigorously pressed, and on the morning of
September 7th, it was found that the enemy had evacuated the work. Since that date Forts Wagner and Gregg have been
strengthened under a continuous fire from the rebel batteries on James's Island and Fort Moultrie. A fire of musketry has
also been occasionally noticed from Fort Sumter, and some wounds of this nature have occurred among our working parties.
On the evacuation of Fort Wagner several accidents happened to our men from the explosion of torpedoes, some of the injuries
being of the most frightful character. It will be seen that by far the largest number of wounds are the result of shell ; over two
hundred and fifty out of about three hundred. The remainder are from bullets, the conoidal ball principally. From round shot
only two cases are reported. There are al*o four cases of injury from torpedoes. The head and upper and lower extremities
appeared to have suffered most. Out of about three hundred cases, the head was injured in about fifty cases, the upper
extremities the same, and the lower extremities in about seventy-five cases. There were eight cases of fracture of the femur,
all of the middle third, and fourteen cases of wounds of joints. The great cavities were injured in twenty-two cases. The
number of killed was thirty-five, or about ten per cent, of the whole number."
CXCI. Extracts from a Itejwrt on Wounded after t/ie Assault on Fort Wagner, inJuly,~L863.
By Surgeon J. J. CRAVEN, U. S. Volunteers.
* * * "In accordance with instructions received from Surgeon C. II. Crane, U. S. A., then medical director of the
department of the South, I proceeded to Folly Island, on July 8, 1863. After making a survey of the field. I established a
hospital by erecting several hospital tents upon the beach, or ocean shore, about half a mile from the point batteries. I
chose the position for the purpose of securing good air, and a good road for the transportation of wounded from the front ;
the beach being as hard as a Macadamized road. This hospital being prepared and completely furnished, on the evening of the
9th, was placed in charge of Surgeon \V. \V. Brown, 7th New Hampshire Volunteers, Surgeon ('. M. Clark, 311th Illinois Vol
unteers, and Surgeon M. S. Kittenger, 100th New York Volunteers. Surgeon G. S. Burton. 3d Kliode Island Heavy Artillery,
Assistant Surgeons W. 1). Murray, 100th New York Volunteers, T. C. Brainerd, U. S. A., and S. Bunion, 7th New 1 lampshire
242 APPENDED DOCUMENTS COAST EXPEDITIONS.
Volunteers, I placed in the batteries, well protected by splinter proofs, and furnished with litters, dressings, and restoratives.
At sunrise on the morning of the 10th, our batteries opened, ceasing fire at eight o'clock, Avhen the ambulance train proceeded
to the front, finding two men wounded, and one killed. ' I had placed upon the beach, at a safe distance from the batteries,
an ambulance loaded with all the necessary supplies for a field hospital. As soon as our forces had established a footing upon
Morris Island, I hurried to Light-house Inlet, and placing my stores and ambulance upon a boat, I immediately embarked for
Monis Island. * * Upon reaching the island, I reloaded my ambulances, and advanced to a secure place and established a
field hospital, where I gathered the wounded, making them comfortable, and sending them to the inlet, thence by boat to Folly
Island, where they were conveyed to the beach hospital. By midnight of the 10th, I had five ambulances on Morris Island, a
ferry established to connect with the ambulance train on Folly Island, making the beacli hospital on Folly Island but half an
hour to the rear ; and by four o'clock on the morning of the llth, the field was clear, except of a few rebel wounded remaining
in a hospital occupied by Surgeons Hapwood and Hannehan, of the Confederate army. Flying the yellow flag, they were left
with the hospital for the purpose of keeping the place, the point being within range of Fort Sumter and the ground occupied by
our troops. On the morning of the llth, an unsuccessful assault being made upon Fort Wagner, I commenced removing the
wounded to the boats, and forwarding them to Folly Island. Learning that the hospital steamer Cosmopolitan had reached
Stono Inlet, and anchored at Pawnee Landing, on the opposite side of the island, less than one half of a mile from the beach
hospital, I dispatched a communication directing Surgeon Bontecou, U. S. V., in charge of the Cosmopolitan, to commence the
removal of the wounded from the beach to the Cosmopolitan. * * In the charge, on the morning of the llth, there were eleven
killed, ninety-nine wounded, and one hundred missing. * * I learned that Surgeon Elliot, U. S. V.. of General Strong's
brigade, had, contrary to my orders, established a hospital some half a mile still in the advance, where he was conveying the
wounded. I reported this to Surgeon Crane, who was then present upon the island. Surgeon Crane called Surgeon Elliot,
and, in my presence, charged him with insubordination, and informed him that I was chief medical officer, and that he must
respect and obey me accordingly. Surgeon Elliot continued, however, to ignore my authority, and persisted in establishing
independent hospitals upon different parts of the field. Finding the position occupied by the field hospital untenable on account
of the fire from Fort Sumter, I sent to Folly Island for the tents at the beach hospital, and selected a position upon the extreme
point and ocean shore of Morris Island, where I caused to be erected a field hospital, and bringing over the remaining
ambulances from Folly Island, I established a line of transportation along the outer beach, and under cover of the sand hills,
to within half a mile of Fort Wagner. Surgeon M. S. Kittenger, 100th New York Volunteers, Surgeon S. F. Forbes, 67th
Ohio Volunteers, and Assistant Surgeon W. D. Murray, of the 100th New York Volunteers, were placed in charge of the Morris
Island hospital. On the night of the 18th, at dark, an attack was made upon Fort Wagner. At nine o'clock, the firing ceased,
and the ambulance train advanced to the front, near the enemy's lines, and commenced the transportation of the wounded.
The killed, wounded, and missing in this attack, amounted to one thousand two hundred and sixty-eight. * * The island
being exposed, and not knowing what advantage the enemy might take, while we were in a crippled condition, I thought it best
to remove all the wounded from the island. I communicated my plan to General Gillmore, and he gave me authority to take
any vessel or vessels in the harbor. I had the steamer Alice Price moored to the shore, at the inlet opposite my hospital,
and sent a courier to the steamer Cosmopolitan, with an order directing Surgeon R. B. Bontecou, U. S. V., to proceed with
his hospital ship to the mouth of Stono, and in smooth water, just inside of the bar, anchor, and await the coming of the
Alice Price, upon which steamer I immediately placed two hundred and forty wounded men, and she proceeded to Stono,
where her load was transferred to the Cosmopolitan in two hours. The Alice Price was under charge of Surgeon A. C.
Barlow, G',id Ohio Volunteers, and Surgeon Stone. 54th Massachusetts Volunteers. Knowing that the Cosmopolitan had as
many as she could accommodate, I directed Surgeon Bontecou to proceed to Hilton Head immediately. The steamer Mary
Benton was placed at my disposal, and I commenced loading her. I placed upon this ship two hundred and fifty-six
wounded officers and men, making in all shipped during the night, four hundred and ninety-six men. I directed that each
man, as he passed up on the boat, should be examined, and it was found necessary, upon search, occasionally to remove
tourniquets and ligatures from limbs, placing a person in charge of each of these cases to watch for haemorrhage ; and
of twenty-three cases, not one single instance was there haemorrhage of any extent. In most of the cases above mentioned the
circulation was entirely controlled, and before morning would have jeopardized the safety of the limbs. At sunrise on the
20th, the wounded, with the exception of six, were all removed from the island, and by eight o'clock were on their way to the
general hospitals at Hilton Head and Beaufort. At daylight, through the kindness of Fleet Surgeon Clymer, U. S. N., a
number of naval surgeons reported to me, and offered their services. As I had no wounded upon the island, I accepted of the
services of but three: Assistant Surgeons Hazelton, Mann and McComber, U. S. N. These gentlemen took charge of the
steamer Mary Benton, and proceeded to Beaufort. They were untiring in their labors, and I take pleasure in recommending
them, and also to call attention to the very efficient services rendered by Surgeon Dibble, 6th Connecticut Volunteers, and to
the valuable services rendered by Dr. Marsh of the Sanitary Commission, both professionally and by clothing, stores, etc.
On the evening of the 20th, in company with Lieutenant Colonel Hall of the New York Volunteer Engineers, provost marshal
general, and by direction of General Gillmore, I proceeded to the front, and, under a flag of truce, communicated with General
Hagood of the Confederate army, commandant of Fort Wagner, with whom we negotiated for the exchange of wounded,
naming the following Friday morning, at ten o'clock, as the time when I would meet a Confederate steamer in Charleston
harbor. I returned to Hilton Head, and placed all the rebel wounded upon the Cosmopolitan, whence I returned to Charleston
harbor, meeting at the appointed time the Confederate steamer Alice, and delivered to the officers in charge of the flag, thirty-
nine wounded Confederates. We received on board the Cosmopolitan, from the officers in charge of the Alice, one
hundred and five wounded ollicers and men. The officers in charge of the Alice reported still remaining in hospitals at
Charleston one hundred and eight officers and men, and dead in their hands fifty-one. * * As soon as the transfer was
made, the Cosmopolitan conveyed our wounded to Hilton Head. Having business at Hilton Head, connected with the
purveying department, I placed Surgeon S. A. Green, 24th Massachusetts Volunteers, in temporary charge as chief medical
officer of the forces on Folly and Morris islands."
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR SWJFT. 243
CXC1I. .Extracts from a Narrative of Ms Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon
JOHN BELL, U. S. Army.
* * * "While I was on duty at the general hospital at Hilton Head, the battles of James's Island, June 16, 1862,
and of Pocotaligo, October 20, 1863, took place. The wounded from both of these engagements were nearly all sent to the
general hospital in which I was. Those from James's Island arrived on the third day after the engagement, and those from
Pocotaligo on the second day, having been brought by water conveyance. * * Sulphuric ether was usually employed as an
anaesthetic. In a few cases in which this agent did not readily produce ana3sthesia, chloroform was mixed with it in a small
proportion. There were no deaths which could be fairly attributed to its use. I have assisted in its administration, I should
suppose, sixty or seventy times since I have been in the army. I have, probably, had under my personal care, from two
hundred to two hundred and fifty cases of gunshot wounds received in battle, but have had no case of bayonet or sword wound.
* * The proportion of deaths among the wounded at Pocotaligo was about three times as great as among those from James's
Island. This fact, in my opinion, is only to be accounted for by the circumstance that the latter battle took place early in the
season before the men had begun to suffer from malarious poisoning, while the case was very decidedly different at the battle of
Pocotaligo."
CXCIJI. Extracts from a Report on the Operations of the Medical Staff in the Expedition,
ending in the Engagement at Olustee, Florida. By Surgeon E. SWIFT, U. S. Army,
Medical Director of the Department of the South.
"For nearly a month the command on this island had been gradually augmenting by increments from Morris
and Foil}' islands, in regiments, detachments, and companies. A cavalry command was hastily organized, not a little to the
embarrassment of the hospitals. The horses, all attached to these establishments, being required for remounts, or for the
quartermasters, to furnish the necessary transportation for subsistence supplies, wood, etc. During the evening of February
4th, I was asked, by the general commanding, if I could procure ten ambulances for the use of an expedition to Florida, to
embark on the following day, and, at the same time, I was directed to furnish at least ten days' supply of medicines, dressings,
etc., and to forward the supplies subsequently as required. I immediately issued an order, and communicated it to all the
medical officers on Hilton Head island where the main body of the command was assembled, and to the officers at the adjacent
posts copies were sent on the following day. This circular order, dated February 4. 1864, ran as follows: 'SlR: You are
hereby directed to send your sick to the general hospital at this place, and to turn in for storage, in the medical purveyor's
storehouse, such supplies as may not be absolutely necessary in the field for the sick and wounded of your regiment for twenty
days. You will provide yourself with instruments, dressings, anaesthetics, etc , and report to me in person your action, without
delay, to-morrow morning.' At the same time, I telegraphed to the assistant quartermaster at Beaufort, Captain Moore, to send to
Hilton Head, by the first boat, ten ambulances. In reply to this, Surgeon M. Clymer, U. S. V., telegraphed that Captain Moore
refused to let the ambulances be sent, unless an order from General Gillmore was given through the chief quartermaster. This
difficulty was finally overcome by personal representations to General Turner, chief of staff, who issued a positive order to the
quartermaster, and, on the following day, six ambulances were forwarded, and sent to Florida. I also shipped in the steamer
Maple Leaf, eight ambulances, as many as could be procured ; in fact, as many as the space allotted on shipboard would allow.
Besides this, one regiment and one detachment had each an ambulance wagon. To supply the deficiency of transportation for
sick and wounded thus occasioned, I suggested the propriety of repairing, at once, several ambulances at Hilton Head that were
unfit for use. Hourly expecting a hospital steamer from New York, I delayed embarking till her arrival, in order that I might
make any additions which might be found necessary in her supply and equipment. The commanding general, meeting the
steamer at the bar, embarked on her with his staff, for Florida. The boat on which he originally started having put back
because of the heavy wind and sea. 1 received the following communication from the general : ' STKAMKK FULTON, February
8, (7,) 1864, OjJ" Hilton Head, S. ('. I met the Cosmopolitan coming in and must take her, so that the Fulton can go back to
the Head and discharge. You will have to do the best you can, and send forward the extra medical supplies on the first
transport going to Jacksonville, Florida. The regiments have plenty for present use. This will be your order on the quarter
master's department for such transportation as you may require. Very respectfully, yours, etc., Q. A. GlLLMOKIC, Major General.'
Procuring the steamer Peconic the same day, the 7th, I put on board of her the supplies of seven regiments. The 47th, 48th, and
115th New York, the 4(Jth and f>4th Massachusetts, and the 2d and 4th South Carolina Volunteers, in all about eighteen tons
weight, and all that was found stored by the regiments in compliance with my order. On the following day, I joined the
major general commanding on the St. John's River, and arrived at Jacksonville that night. On my arrival, I learned there
had been that day, the 8th, some skirmishing, by which we had drawn the enemy from his position, and seized his camp, his
supplies, and much valuable property, with but small loss on our side, three killed and twelve wounded. ' ; On the
following day, I procured permission from the major general commanding to occupy, and fit up for a hospital, a block of brick
buildings, known as the Hoag block, for the accommodation of three hundred sick ; this, he informed me, would he more than
sufficient for the number of troops that would be sent to this district. The corner store-room in this block, I designed to reserve
tor the use of the assistant purveyor, and at once transferred to it, from the steamboat Peconic, my medical supplies, and a quantity
of Sanitary Commission stores brought from New York, on our hospital boat. These were subsequently removed, without
my knowledge, by the personal order of M. M. Marsh, the agent of the commission, after I had notified General Seymour,
by telegram, that these articles were available for issue. Thev consisted chiefly of potatoes, onions, and apples, and were
supposed, at that time, to be needed by troops at the front. On the 10th. [ made a r< eonnoissance u]> the St. John's, for oranges
and vegetables for the hospitals, and to examine the condition of the hotel buildings at Magnolia and Green Cove Springs, witli
a view to the establishment of a sanitarium, or convalescent hospital at this delightful invalids' home, a detailed account of
which has been furnished the Surgeon General's otlice. One of these, a newly finished building, was admirably adapted to my
244 ATTENDED DOCUMENTS — COAST EXPEDITIONS.
purpose, and would accommodate more than three hundred men. I reported this to the general commanding, but was informed
by him he could not afford the necessary guard to protect a hospital in such an exposed situation. The buildings have since
been destroyed by the enemy. The wounded not arriving from the scene of the recent engagement, thirty-five miles from
Jacksonville, I ordered Surgeon Majer, U. S V., by telegraph, to send them on at once, and to use his ambulances for that
purpose. On the 13th, he arrived, and reported the wounded would come in on the train as soon as the railroad was repaired.
Having already waited here nearly a week, with the hospital boat for the wounded, and impatient to return to Hilton Head for
the furniture, medicines, etc., for hospitals I was about to establish at that place, I left, with the major general commanding, on
the following day, fully impressed with the conviction that there would be no forward movement at present.
Arriving at Hilton Head, I gave directions to Surgeon Craven, medical purveyor, to pack for shipment to Jacksonville
hospital furniture, dressings, medicines, etc., for five hundred beds. These articles were all shipped on the Maple Leaf on the
22d. and left for the St. John's River. The evening of the same day, I embarked on the Charles Houton, and on the 23d,
arrived at Jacksonville. I found the wounded comfortable; in fact, generally able to walk about. More than two hundred
of the worst cases had been sent to Beaufort the day before on the Cosmopolitan. These are they who were reported as having
been obliged to remain on board the steamer all night at Beaufort, by the intelligent reporter of the Tribune, implying neglect on
the part of the medical officers at that place. I need net say the Cosmopolitan is as complete, and, in organization, as perfect
as can be found in any general hospital; that her patients were comfortable in bed, and as the nights were damp and chilly,
inhumanity would seem to be on the side of removal under the circumstances. This, and many similar attacks, remind me
of the well known fable of the wolf and the lamb. Medical officers have not the time, if they have the inclination, to resist
these attacks, and they go to the world unanswered, inducing insubordination and discontent in the army, and dissatisfaction
and heart-burnings throughout the land. I therefore sincerely hope the noble, intelligent, and self-sacrificing members of the
medical staff' of the army, who share so liberally in all the privations, dangers, and exposures of the line, and in none of their
rewards, and though poorly paid, hold, uncomplainingly, their subordinate positions to men often inferior to them in everything
that makes a man, working all day, and sometimes throughout the long hours of the night, ministering to the care and comfort
of their sick and wounded comrades, hoping for reward only in Heaven, may be afforded same protection, at least, from that
class of people, and it is a large one, who have no records in deeds, and only show their philanthropy, loyality, and patriotism
in loud complaining words. Soon after arriving at Jacksonville, I procured the steamer Dictator from the quartermaster's
department, and put on board of her more than two hundred wounded ; and though the medical officers were instructed to
send to the boat only their worst wounded, these were not to exceed a dozen patients who were not able to walk about and help
themselves. From a suspicion of malingering, and to prevent persons who should not from entering the boat, officers were
stationed at each gangway, to examine all those who seemed to be not much injured. Many of them should have never been
permitted to leave their regiments. On the third day after the engagement, all the seriously, and many of the slightly, wounded
had already been sent to general hospital at Beaufort or Hilton Head. Though there was now abundant accommodations, I
deemed it expedient to have the hospitals at this place well emptied until I should have more permanent arrangements, in
order to have room for the wounded should we have another engagement. I therefore sent to the rear all sick and wounded
who would not probably be fit for duty in two weeks. Besides the twenty days' supply of medicines, etc., ordered to be taken
by the medical officers, lint, bandages, anaesthetics, etc., in excess, I had stored the three months' supply of seven regiments
and a liberal amount of these articles on the steamer Cosmopolitan, which I directed to be issued freely to the hospitals
when wanted. .N'owithstanding the unexpected battle, and some regiments being obliged to abandon their supplies, to burn or
destroy them, to prevent their falling into the hands of the enemy, yet, I believe, in all necessary ai tides there was enough
and to spare when J arrived on the evening of the 23d with an abundance of everything. A barrel of whiskey was turned
over by the chief commissary, and more would have been given, if desired, to the hospitals. But it was seemingly used in
excess and without judgment. Dr. Smith asked only for five gallons. None of the wounds had yet began to suppurate, and
there were but few cases of seriously wounded, requiring stimulants on account of vital exhaustion or from loss of blood.
I found, on my return, nothing had been done toward carrying out my suggestions in regard to converting the before-
mentioned brick block into a general hospital. The propeller Burnside, bearing the mechanics and their tools, had been
wrecked at the mouth of the St. John's River. A large portion of the building was already occupied as offices, and as stores
for small traders, smaller and less adapted buildings were occupied by the wounded. Some of these even, which I had selected,
had been given up to officers and citizens for quarters. My medical storeroom was also wanted, and another recommended to
me in another block, answering every purpose, however. So long as the medical department must depend upon abandoned
buildings, or dwellings, for shelter for their siek and wounded, an antagonism must exist, and a constant struggle with the post
commanders to retain the necessary hospital accommodations. I sent a communication to General Seymour, commanding the
di-strict of Florida, a copy ,of which has been furnished the Surgeon General's Office, requesting him to make a detail for a small
ambulance corps for his district, but have not received a reply. For details of the battle of Olustee. I refer to the report of
Surgeon Majer, U. S. V., medical director of the district of Florida. I may remark that there were but few shell wounds
received, and no bayonet wounds, or sabre cuts. The majority of the injuries were slight and apparently inflicted by buckshot
and small rifle balls. But three amputations were performed before the wounded were removed to this place and Beaufort.
Seven have been done since. Many of the wounded have already returned to their regiments, apparently none the worse for a
few weeks' rest, and the enjoyment of the homelike comforts of a general hospital. This was the first fight of many of the
men, and they were easily discouraged. They are better soldiers now than ever before. This engagement must not be
considered a disastrous affair. It might have been so had the encounter been deferred till the column had advanced far into the
enemy's country. In conclusion, I must beg leave to mention the able assistance afforded by Captain Dunton, assistant quarter
master, in promptly furnishing all necessary transportation, by General Turner, chief of staff, aided by Colonel Jackson,
inspector general, and Colonel Morgan, chief commissary. They gave their personal attendance, aiding in the organization
and control of laboring parties. The latter furnished whiskey by the barrel, and all the supplies of his department, on the
simple intimation of medical office) s that they were wanted. Suigeon S. A. Green, and As-si.-tant Surgeon W. S. Tremaine,
REPORT OF SURGEON MAJER, U. S. V. 245
24th Massachusetts Volunteers, deserve favorable mention for arduous and intelligent service at Jacksonville. Assistant
Surgeons Lindsly, Seniple. and Wolverton, at Hilton Head, and Surgeon M. Clymer, U. S. V., and Assistant Surgeon Ramsay,
U. S. A ., at Beaufort, cared for the wounded on their arrival. Our loss at the battle of Olustee was one hundred and ninety-
three killed, one thousand one hundred and seventy-five wounded, and four hundred and sixty prisoners, making a total of
one thousand eight hundred and twenty-eight.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, E. SWIFT.
Surgeon U. S. A., Medical Director.
To THE ACTING SURGEON GENERAL, U. S. A."
CXC1Y. Extracts from a Iteport on the Operations of the, Medical Department in Florida in
February, 1864. By Surgeon ADOLPH J\!AJEK, U. S. Volunteers.
* * * "It becomes my duty to report the result of the engagement between our forces, under the command of Brigadier
General T. Seymour, and the enemy, occurring at a place known as Olustee, Florida, and distant from Jacksonville some
forty-five or fifty miles in a westerly direction. : ' On the evening of February 19, 1864, the general commanding ordered
his command to he in readiness, with several days' cooked rations, for a forward movement from Barber's Station, thirty-two
miles from Jacksonville, on the Florida Central railroad. At daybreak, February 2Uth, the command took its line of march
on the road to Sanderson, with its cavalry brigade and Elder's Battery, of the First Artillery, under the command of Colonel
Ilenrv, in the advance. Passing Sanderson, the general commanding was informed that we should meet the enemy in force
fifteen thousand strong, some miles this side of Lake City, but no reliance was placed upon such dubious information in regard
to strength and position. About five miles further on, our advance reported some sixty or seventy skirmishers of the enemy
falling slowly back on the north side of the railroad toward Lake City. A short distance from that point, our cavalry force,
together with one company of the 7th Connecticut Volunteers, reported that it was suspected that the enemy was directly in
front. The general ordered a halt and directed shells to be thrown through the pine barrens. Hardly had the second shell
been thrown, when a solid shot fell directly in front of the staff. A second one, following closely on the first, and a third one
passing in close proximity to our heads. No time was to be lost to bring our guns into battery, and to throw companies of the
7th Connecticut Volunteers out as skirmishers on our right. The infantry line of battle was in cool promptness formed of the
brigades commanded respectively by Colonel Barton, 48th New York Volunteers ; Colonel Hawley, 7th Connecticut Volunteers;
and Colonel Montgomery, 2d South Carolina Volunteers. Soon our artillery fire became hotter and hotter, and the musketry
incessant. Looking about for a convenient ambulance depot, I rode on our right toward a couple of log houses, the only
buildings within many miles; but I found that these houses were so much exposed, that while inspecting them even, I was in
danger. ' * As the topographical condition of the field offered scarcely the least undulation, there was no protection for a
depot on the even plain of the pine barren. About two hundred yards in the rear of our left wing, observing a cluster of pine
trees, I directed our ambulances, twelve in number, to be drawn up in line, the surgeons preparing their instruments and
appliances to be in readiness. While the roar of artillery and the musketry continued without intermission, our wounded men
began to arrive, part walking, some in litters, and others in open ambulance wagons; first singly, then in a steady stream
increasing from a single row to a double and treble, and finally into a mass. In a half hour from the commencement of the
action, stray shots passing through the pines and breaking off the trunks like canes, admonished us to remove the depot farther
to tiie rear. Within one mile we drew our ambulances up behind a small stream and guarded in front by marshy ground,
and secured a sufficiency of water, yet not suitable protection against missiles from the rifled guns. ' The battle had
been raging for three hours when we heard cheers from the front, and the firing ceased abruptly. Our troops fell back about
a mile, and I received an order to bring our wounded as far to the rear as we could get with our limited transportation. Ambu
lances, caissons, army wagons, litters, single horses, carts, in short, every conceivable mode of conveyance was made use of to
secure the large number of our wounded; and, with a readiness which deserves high commendation, every one endeavored to
execute the order. There was no depression of spirits or panic manifested. ' ; Our troops fell back to Barber's Station
under the protection of our cavalry brigade, which during the battle, had been drawn up in the rear of our right and left.
While passing Sanderson. I sent the following telegram: ' To the Surycon in charge of field hospital at Barber's Station:
A large number of wounded. Prepare coffee, tea and beef soup.' Also: 'To Surgeon William H. Smith, 47th New York
Volunteers, Jacksonville: Send immediately a train of cars, with bales of hay, lint, bandages and stimulants. Call on Sanitary
Commission. Dr. A. Majer.' We reached Barber's Station at midnight, and unhappily, some forty cases of wounded
had to be left at the ambulance depot near the battle-field, under the charge of Assistant Surgeon C. A. Devendorf, 48th New
York Volunteers, and twenty-three more at Sanderson badly wounded. Two companies of cavalry were dismounted and saved
eighty more men. We had now to take care of and forward by cars and wagons, eight hundred and sixty wounded, two
hundred and fifteen of whom were at once- placed on the hospital ship Cosmopolitan, at the wharf at Jacksonville.
I have the honor to transmit a list of all the casualties, as gathered from the surgeons in charge of brigades, and beg
leave to add the following remarks: The expedition into Florida and its occupation, we believed to be not a sanguinary
undertaking. No one expected, at least, a resistance so bold and stubborn, because no concentration by the enemy of twelve or
fifteen thousand men, was deemed possible, and our hospital preparations at the post, as well as in the field, had, up to the time
of the engagement, remained a mere consolidated regimental affair, in supplies. When, under these circumstances, the com
paratively large number of wounded have been well cared for, I feel it to be my duty to be thankful to the aid and assistance
of the ever ready, and assiduous agent of the Sanitary Commission, Mr. A. B. Day. and to the untiring exertion of my worthy
colleague, Surgeon William II. Smith, 47th New York Volunteers, in charge of hospital. I'nder ordinary circumstances I
should not have made requisitions on the Sanitary Commission had not the emergency arisen in \\liich our wants were urgent
and large. Again, the very limited number of ambulances could not, inside the department, have been increased; therefore
transportation on army wagons and caissons c ,nld not \\ell have been avoided. Vet, in .-pile of these deficiencies, will any
246 APPENDED DOCUMENTS WESTERN ARMIES, 1802.
contribution to the surgical history of the war speak but favorably of the manner in which the medical officers bore themselves
to the credit of their profession and administration? True, such could not have been the case, were the character of the wounds
in the majority graver; but, happily, the number of slight cases is large, being for the most part, wounds of the lower
extremities, with. but few cases of operations. Five hundred, at least, will be able for duty in less than four weeks, and our
loss, therefore, will be slight. We have to regret the many casualties among officers, and the fact that we could not
recover all our wounded, in spite of an effort made to do so, by requesting this privilege under a flag of truce. I made this
proposition to the general commanding, and while he entertained the opinion that they should be well cared for by the enemy,
the general finally yielded to the request, which unfortunately was refused by our opponents. The number of our wounded
retained at Jacksonville is decreased to one hundred and sixty-five, by transfer of cases by the hospital steamer Cosmopolitan,
and transport steamers Dictator and Delaware, the hospital steamer making two trips within one week to Hilton Head and
Beaufort, South Carolina. It is, perhaps, not out of place to recommend that no general hospital, above those already existing,
be established, and especially that the general hospital at Jacksonville, may merely be conducted as a receiving depot, whence
to forward to the above hospitals, adding that at St. Augustine, Florida. The remoteness from the main depot of supplies of
the departments, with all its annoying and delaying circumstances, and the readiness with which the returning empty
transports can be employed for transportation of sick and wounded, prompts me to come to this conclusion, and while the
interior of Florida in regard to healthfulness among a large command is yet to be tested, there presents itself at the convales
cent hospital at St. Augustine, a hospital arrangement which, when completed, will meet all demands of sanitary law with no
heavy expenses. Should the army of occupation advance toward Middle Florida, there will be an easy and quick communica
tion with the delightful seaside of the old Spanish colony."
CXCV. Extracts from a Narrative of his Services. By Asssistant Surgeon W. F. COKNJCK,
U. S. Army.
* * * "In January, 1861, I was ordered from Fort Monroe, Virginia, to report to the commanding officer at Key
West barracks, Florida. ; : On my arrival I found the garrison removed to Fort Taylor. ' The garrison consisted
of Captain John M. Brannan and Lieutenants Gillem and Webber, with a company of about forty men. In April, Major
French reinforced the Fort with two companies, and took command. * * The United States flag never ceased to fly over
Key West, the remotest spot of the southern country. We had no sickness of any kind, except what is usually found in a
garrison, until the summer of 1862. Two of the principal physicians of the island left to join the Southern Confederacy soon
after my arrival, and left me as medical officer at the fort, surgeon at the marine hospital, health officer of the port, besides
having considerable practice in the city. Fortunately a strict quarantine was kept up, and the much dreaded yellow fever did
not make its appearance. : ' In February, 1862, the 90th New York Volunteers arrived, followed soon after by the 91st
New York and the 47th Pennsylvania, Brigadier General Brannan in command and Surgeon C. II. Crane, U. S. A., medical
director. Dr. Crane immediately established a general hospital at the barracks, and placed me in charge. Soon after, an
epidemic of typhoid fever prevailed, and my hospital was soon filled, accommodating comfortably from two to three hundred
patients. The epidemic lasted for two months. ; The patients had every comfort, and the number of deaths was small.
In June, the 91st New York Volunteers was ordered to Pensacola, and General Brannau, with the 47th Pennsylvania
Volunteers, left for Port Royal. I remained at the general hospital. In July we had an epidemic of yellow fever, though
every precaution was used to prevent it, such as strict quarantine, use of quinine and whiskey, and avoidance of the hot sun
and night air. I transmitted a full account of this epidemic before I left Florida. Fortunately we had a fine hospital, and
everything needed for the sick, and had it not have been that the command had hardly recovered from the epidemic of typhoid
fever, leaving the men in a very debilitated condition, many who died would have recovered. As it was, the mortality was not
great, when it is taken into consideration that the troops were not acclimated. ' The people of Key West behaved nobly
toward our sick, by doing everything possible for their comfort, and in a great many cases they did much good. In August,
I was ordered to report to Major General Hunter, at Port Royal, South Carolina, for duty. I left the next day in the steamer
Delaware, with Brigadier General Terry, who was on an inspection tour at Key West. The day after I left I was taken with
the yellow fever, and for several days remained quite ill. Immediately upon our arrival, the steamer was ordered into quarantine
for two weeks at St. Helena, which is about thirty-six miles from Port Royal. Dr. Crane having been informed that the
epidemic was on the increase, I was immediately taken out of quarantine, and ordered to return to Key West, to do what
might be necessary. It is proper here to remark that when I was ordered from Key West the medical director was not aware
that yellow fever cases existed on the island, although, of course, he had been notified. But the mail had first to go to New
York before it could reach him at Hilton Head, there being no direct communination, and seldom a mail for the north. Upon
my arrival, I found the epidemic at its height, but with the assistance of Surgeon E. S. Hoffman, 90th New York, and Hospital
Steward Stubs, I soon had the satisfaction of seeing it entirely subside. In November, I reported to Dr. Crane that there was
now no yellow fever on the island, and that the command was in good health." *
CXCVL Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical J)cpart<mcnt of the Union
Forces at the Action at Richmond, Kentucky, in August, 1802. By Assistant Surgeon B. J.
D. IRWLN, U. S. Army, Medical Director.
"I arrived at Cincinnati on September 12th, 1802, from Richmond, Kentucky, where I had been taken
prisoner on August 30th, in the battle between a part of the army of Kentucky under General M. D. Maruson and a Confederate
force under General Kirby Smith. 1 regret that uncontrollable circumstances will not allow me to submit a detailed report
of the casualties that occurred among our troop*. During the night of August 15th, Major General WT. Nelson,
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR IRWIN. 247
commanding the 4th division of the army of the Ohio, received a telegram from General Buell, directing him to proceed at once
to Kentucky, to assume command of the new troops arriving in the State, to organize them, and put them rapidly in the field,
for the purpose of repelling the threatened invasion by the enemy, entering the state through the Cumberland Mountains. In
obedience to this order, General Nelson left next morning for Kentucky, taking all the members of his staff. We arrived at
Lexington, Kentucky, on the 26th, and I was announced as medical director of the army of Kentucky. Next day, we proceeded
to Richmond, Kentucky, and I lost no time in informing myself of the condition and wants of the eight new regiments, just
concentrated, from Indiana and Ohio. : They had been only from fourteen to twenty days in the field, and had but few
medical officers, who had neither medicines, instruments, ambulances, tents, or camp equipage, to enable them to perform their
duties. With three exceptions, the medical officers were inexperienced in service and had but vague ideas as to the extent or
sphere of their duties. I immediately despatched two of the most intelligent of them to Louisville and Cincinnati, to procure
ambulances and medical supplies for the several regiments. The day previous, I met Medical Inspector G. H. Lyman at
Lexington, and represented to him, informally, the condition in which the new regiments were being thrown into active
campaign, without the necessary outfit of supplies, transportation, and medical personnel; and as he was then on his way to
Louisville, he kindly promised to confer with Surgeon J. F. Head, U. S. A., medical director, at Louisville, and explain to
him fully the wants of the troops. I also wrote to Surgeon Head, and Surgeon G. Perin, U. S. A., medical purveyor, at that
city, pointing out the necessity of prompt action in fitting out those regiments. On the 29th, I was ordered, and went to
Lancaster, twenty-five miles from Richmond, with the headquarters of the army; but hearing that the enemy was menacing our
troops at Richmond, I returned next morning, and arrived on the field at eleven o'clock, and found that our forces, after
having fought three hours and a half against superior numbers, had been obliged to fall back about two miles from the battle
ground, leaving our killed and wounded in the possession of the enemy, but under care of some five or six of our medical
officers, who were captured while attending to the wants of those placed hors de combat. I was gratified to find that I had
received a dozen ambulances, and supplies of medicine and stimulants for four of the regiments. The ambulances arrived most
opportunely, but in consequence of the doubtful issue of the pending contest, the wagons, including those laden with the medical
supplies, were already moving to the rear. I had previously taken possession of the court-house, and a seminary building for
hospital purposes, and thither our wounded were conveyed, as fast as our limited amount of transportation would admit. The
contest was renewed three times during the day in new positions, and terminated at dark, in a complete defeat and rout of our
whole force. General Nelson arrived on the field during the evening, and was shortly afterward severely wounded in the left
groin. I rode from the field with him some distance to attend to his wound, but I was obliged to throw myself into the hands
of a party of the enemy's cavalry, thereby securing his escape. Next morning, I was turned over to the Confederate com
mander, who, after placing certain restrictions on my movements, acceded to my request to be permitted to go to superintend
the treatment of our wounded. Upon arriving at the hospital buildings, I found the rooms, corridors, and balconies densely
crowded with men, wounded and mutilated in every conceivable way. Everything that our meagre means would allow was
being done for their speedy relief, but as the enemy had captured all our hospital stores, ambulances, etc., I was reduced to the
utmost straits for means to meet the wants of so large a number of sufferers, so suddenly thrown upon our hands. I was
fortunate in being able to purchase some four hundred dollars' worth of medicines, dressings, stimulants, muslin, etc., from a
druggist, and in borrowing instruments from some of the civil practitioners of medicine of the town. With commendable zeal
and generosity, the loyal citizens brought in abundance of subsistence, fresh meats, soup, milk, fruit, light bread, etc. The
ladies of Richmond and vicinity, for ten or fifteen miles around, came daily to the hospital, and with untiring devotion
lent their valuable assistance in dressing and assisting our suffering soldiers. Many also placed their negro servants at my
disposal. The greatest inconvenience was felt from the want of proper hospital attendants. Those detailed from among the
prisoners of war deserted their posts, despite all our efforts, at the first opportunity. Being recruits, they possessed no feeling
of sympathy for their wounded comrades, such as old soldiers are wont to evince for each other. I obtained permission to send,
under a flag of truce, to Lexington for clothing and medical supplies, and had the gratification to receive a wagon load of
under-clothes, dressings, sheets, etc., on the 2d instant; and on the 6th, a supply of medical stores. The Confederate post
surgeon, Dr, Tucker, evinced a sincere desire to share with me his limited supply of under-clothing, cooking, and mess utensils,
by which I was enabled to relieve the condition of those patients, whose wants were most urgent. The number of wounded
amounted to some seven hundred, the killed from two hundred and fifty to three hundred. The number of capital operations
performed amounted to twenty-seven. A large majority of the most dangerous wounds were inflicted on the lower extremities.
The patients operated on did well ; only one death occurred among them up to the sixth day. Among the interesting cases
were : one case of amputation through the left knee joint, and one case of amputation through the upper third of the left thigh,
one case of resection of the inferior maxilla, three amputations at the shoulder joint, and two cases of lardaceous gangrene, and
a case of wound of the right axillary artery, which was treated by pressure. For want of transportation, I was obliged to
leave some one hundred and sixty patients at Rogersville, six miles south of Richmond, the scene of the first engagement.
These I placed under the charge of Surgeon Berry, Ikl Kentucky Cavalry, an accomplished surgeon, who was assisted by
Surgeon G. F. Chittenden, IGth Indiana Volunteers, and A. G. Preston, 55 th Indiana Volunteers, and two assistant surgeons.
The seminary hospital, I put under the charge of Surgeon N. Field, 60th Indiana Volunteers, with five assistants; and the
church hospital, I placed under the control of Surgeon W. Lomax, 12th Indiana Volunteers, and three assistants. From the
fact that, the Confederate authorities had no suitable commissary supplies to furnish for the support of our wounded, and from
the fear the supplies furnished to us by the generous hearted citizens would become exhausted, I determined to proceed to
Lexington, and to obtain permission from the Confederate commander to allow me to pass through his lines to Ohio to
procure transportation for such of the wounded as would bear removing. Already some two hundred of them, whose wounds
were slight and did not interfere with locomotion, were paroled and sent forward to our lines. Having done everything in my
power in getting the hospital organized and put in condition to secure comfort and ample medical attendance to the invalids, I
left for Lexington on the 6th, when, after ten days' delay, I was permitted to go to Cincinnati to have the necessary transporta
tion, nurses and subsistence, sent back to Richmond. Several volunteers accompanied the expedition which left here on the 9th.
248 APPENDED DOCUMENTS WESTERN ARMIES, 1862.
I must not neglect to mention that the conduct of the medical officers, with some few exceptions, was highly laudable. To
Surgeons N. Field, 66th Indiana, Berry, 3d Kentucky, G. F. Chittenden, 16th Indiana, A. G. Preston, 55th Indiana, W. Lomax,
12th Indiana, and Assistant Surgeons A. B. Taylor, 12th Indiana, J. H. Thomas, 49th Indiana, and Roberts, I am under
great obligations for their untiring zeal and devotion to the wounded under their charge. When it is considered that we were
deprived of almost every medical supply and comfort, of tents, ambulances, instruments, of chloroform, and other hospital
stores, it is surprising how well we got along. The kindness and attention bestowed by the citizens on our disabled men can
never be fully appreciated save by those who were its recipients, or witnessed their untiring devotion to their suffering country
men. I must not forget to mention that the civil practitioners of medicine lent us valuable assistance. From the loss of all
books and papers and the dispersion of the regiments, I despair of ever getting nominal lists of the killed and wounded.
Many slightly wounded escaped from the field to Lexington; men were paroled and inarched off with the prisoners of war,
while large numbers scattered through the country being cared for, and, in several instances disguised and secreted, by their
friends and acquaintances. Most of the medical officers lost all their personal effects and the public property under their charge.
Mv horse and equipments, sword, pistol, etc., were taken from me, against which I remonstrated to General Kirby Smith, who
informed me that he would not allow the private property of the medical corps to be confiscated. But the property was taken,
nevertheless, by irresponsible parties, whom it was found impossible to detect in the confused state of affairs that existed.
After my arrival at Cincinnati, I attended General Nelson, who convalesced. As this report is made from memory, I trust its
imperfections will be overlooked."
CXCVIL Extracts from a Report on the Operations of the Medical Department at the
Battle of luka, September 19, 1802. By Surgeon A. B. CAMPBELL, U. S. Volunteers,
Medical Director Army of the Mississippi.
"In accordance with instructions, all the sick of the command, nine hundred in number, were disposed
of comfortably in the general hospitals at Corinth, Mississippi, and Jackson, Tennessee, by September 18, 1862. The command
marched on that day, and reached the battle-field of luka unwearied and in good spirits. : As soon as it became known
that an engagement was impending, I established a field hospital at the only place within two and a half miles of the field
where there was water to be obtained. As it was on the roadside, the men in column observed the locality. Immediately after
the firing commenced, the wounded began to arrive, generally carried by two men. Those whose legs were nearly shot away
were carried in some instances on blankets by six men. The details previously made for this purpose behaved admirably,
depositing those brought off, and immediately- returning for others. The surgeons did their best, and everything moved with
regularity. ' * Finding that the wounded became very numerous, a second depot was established about half a mile in the
rear of the first, under the direction of Surgeon WT. R. Thrall, 27th Ohio Volunteers. The night was calm and still, so that, as
the battle raged till after nightfall, we were enabled to dress the wounded by candle-light as well as if we had been in a house.
At eleven o'clock, all had been attended to, when orders were received to transport the wounded to the rear. : * The
ambulances were brought up and loaded under the supervision of Surgeon S. P. Thornhill, 8th Wisconsin Volunteers, and were
received at the new depot, two miles in the rear, by Surgeons J. E. Lynch, 1st Missouri Cavalry, and L. J. Ham, 48th Indiana
Volunteers. They had all reached the new depot by an hour after daylight, and the last were about to be unloaded, when
orders were received to move them into luka, the enemy having evacuated the town during the night. Surgeons Thrall and
Ham attended to the reloading, assisted by all the surgeons present. It was found, on reaching luka, that the rebel wounded
occupied our old hospital, the luka Springs hotel, as well as the seminary buildings. Upon consultation with Surgeon J. G. F.
Holston, U. S. V., it was determined to occupy the luka hotel, and turn over all the rebel wrounded to their own surgeons, as
they had enough, and give them the seminary buildings. At this time, I turned over to Surgeon Holston the entire charge
of the wounded, and reported to headquarters for duty. I cannot speak too highly of the surgeons nor discriminate between
them. I doubt if the wounded of so great a carnage were ever taken care of more gently and more expeditiously. They sustained
their removals with fortitude, and with .but little apparent fatigue. Our whole loss amounted to one hundred and forty -three
killed, five hundred and ninety-eight wounded, and nineteen missing. The rebel loss was much greater, amounting to over
five hundred and twenty killed, one thousand three hundred wounded, and one hundred and eighty-one prisoners, not including
the wounded. I am satisfied that these figures are within bounds, from personal inspection, and what I consider reliable
information." *
CXCVIII. Extracts from a Second Jteport of the Casualties at the Battle of luka, Sep
tember 19, 1802. By Surgeon A. B. CAMPBELL, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director of the
Army of the Mississippi.
"The battle of luka was fought on the afternoon and evening of September 19, 1862. The object was to
surround and capture General Price's whole army. For this purpose General Grant, with a large force, moved in a nearly
direct route from Corinth toward luka, while General Rosecrans moved the army of the Mississippi, on September 18th, from
Corinth by a circuitous route to the battle-field, one mile southeast from luka. The battle commenced about half-past four
in the afternoon, and raged till seven, with more or less firing till ten o'clock. The volleys by regiments were continuous and
uninterrupted. But four cannon were used. We had only eight pieces, and the enemy not more, and the lines of the armies
were so close together that when once engaged artillery could not be used. The enemy outnumbered us at least two to one.
We had not over six thousand five hundred men, and they had certainly fifteen thousand. They were chiefly armed with
smooth-bore muskets, firing the ball with three buckshot. Their range was but little over one hundred yards, and sometimes
less. Our line was compelled to give way on our right, and swung back into a cleared field, where the battle terminated
REPORTS OF SURGEON CAMP! JELL, U. S. V. 249
for the night. * * During the night the enemy retreated. The hospital was established at Rix's house, near a good supply
of water, and about seven hundred yards from our line. We were protected by the nature of the ground, and by a large
barn and stable on our front. At nine o'clock an order was received to remove the wounded, and, under the direction of
Surgeon Thornhill, 8th Wisconsin Volunteers, assisted by Captain Mott of the subsistence department, the last load left before
daylight for the new depot, two and a half miles in the rear, where they were received by Surgeons Ham and Lynch. A second
hospital had been established under charge of Surgeon Thrall, about half a mile in our rear; but great difficulty was
experienced in obtaining water, and the wounded were removed before morning to the new depot. Before the last ambulance
was unloaded at the new depot, an order was received from General Rosecrans to remove the wounded into the town of luka,
and before noon their removal was accomplished. The services of Surgeon I. L. Crane, 63d Ohio Volunteers, at this time
were invaluable, as he had been previously in charge of the hospitals in luka before our last evacuation. I was here ordered
to turn the wounded over to Surgeon Holston. Our army was supplied in abundance with every necessary, and as but one-third
of the army was engaged, the surgeons of the remainder were in readiness, and the wounded were cared for immediately upon
their reception. The battle was fought so close to the hospital that the men detailed as bearers could go to the field and return
at very short intervals. The moment a man fell, he was taken up, and in three minutes his wounds were being dressed. All
necessary operations were performed at once, and the records show but a trifling mortality. No anaesthetics were used, and
not a groan or sign of pain was heard. The firing continued long after dark, and the wounded were occasionally brought in
until ten o'clock r. M. The night was so calm that candles could be used in the open air. Our loss was one hundred and
forty-five killed, five hundred and ninety-eight wounded, nineteen missing, and we lost three prisoners. The enemy had five
hundred and twenty killed, one thousand three hundred wounded, and one hundred and eighty-one prisoners. We used as
hospitals the two hotels in luka, and the seminary building was assigned to the rebels. In a few days our wounded were
removed to Corinth, Mississippi, and Jackson, Tennessee." * * *
CXCIX. Extracts from a Report on the Operations of the M'edical Staff at the Battle of
Corinth, October 3 and 4, 1862. By Surgeon A. B. CAMPBELL, U. S. Volunteers, Medical
Director of the Army of the Mississippi.
"In anticipation of an engagement with the enemy on October 3d, upon information derived from the engineer
department, I selected the large building recently constructed for a commissary department, as the place best protected by the
nature of the ground and the safest for hospital purposes. The men furnished by the quartermaster worked expeditiously,
and everything was prepared, medicines, instruments, cots and buckets of water were ready before the first wounded man was
brought in. It became evident, in a short time, that tlie building, although a very large one, would be altogether too small for
their accommodation. I then took possession of the Tishomingo Hotel and of the Corinth House. * * All the surgeons
worked diligently and faithfully, and by six o'clock, the wounded were all comfortably disposed of and their wounds dressed.
At three o'clock next morning I was ordered to remove all the wounded to Camp Corral, and by six o'clock they were all
collected into the new hospital. The ambulances then went to the scene of action to bring off those recently fallen. I am
particularly indebted to Surgeon I. L. Crane, (53d Ohio Volunteers, who superintended the arranging and pitching of the tents,
and to Surgeon II. Wardner, IT. S. V., who received and disposed of the wounded as they arrived on both days. I found upon
the railroad platform a large number of tents, which I took and used. The battle ceased just before noon, and by night all
the wounded were under shelter, provided with cots, and their wounds dressed. I have to compliment all the surgeons for
their kindness, energy, and endurance. Surgeon E. Winchester, 52d Illinois Volunteers, in charge of the Corinth House,
Surgeon P. A. Carpenter, 5th Iowa Volunteers, in charge of the Tishomingo Hotel, and Acting Assistant Surgeon Swaring, at
the commissary building, remained until the last man and all the property had been removed to the hospital. The wounded
being thoroughly arranged and cared for, were turned over on October 5th to the care of Surgeon N. Gay. An ample supply
of medical officers were left to take charge of them, and the surgeons of divisions and regiments, with one assistant to each
regiment, reported back to their commands and joined in the pursuit of the enemy, which occupied from eight to ten days. I
have to state that there was neglect on the part of the rebel surgeons for their wounded. The surgeon placed by General Van
Dorn in charge of over one hundred wounded at Ripley, neglected to make out a requisition, although repeatedly urged to do
so, with the assurance from myself, that all he needed should be delivered to him within forty-eight hours. Everything that
has been called for from their large hospital at luka, and the other hospitals within our lines, have been furnished them except
blankets. It is due Private H. B. Douglas, 30th Illinois Volunteers, who acted as my orderly both in this battle and that at
luka, to say that no man was exposed to more danger or could exhibit more bravery than he did in the discharge of his duties.
Our loss in this battle was thirty-two officers and two hundred and eighty-three men killed ; eighty-six officers and one thousand
seven hundred and twenty-six men wounded, and three officers and two hundred and twenty-nine men missing and prisoners,
making an aggregate of two thousand three hundred and fifty-nine. The loss of the enemy, calculated from the best sources of
information within my reach, was one thousand four hundred and twenty-three buried, three thousand prisoners, including their
wounded left in our hands, and five thousand wounded taken away and dropped by the roadside, making nine thousand four
hundred and twenty-three in all." * * *
CO. Extracts from a Second Report on the Casual-ties at the Battle of Corinth, October ?>
and 4-, 1802. By Surgeon A. B. CAMPBELL, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director of the Army
of the Mississippi.
"The physical condition and morale of the men engaged in this battle have never been surpassed. We were
burdened with but few nick, as General Rosecrans was always in the habit of clearing his army of the sick and feeble whenever
he expected a buttle. The battle of Corinth was fought with less than twelve thousand men against forty thousand of the
250 APPENDED DOCUMENTS WESTERN ARMIES, 1862.
enemy. The supply of medicines was ample, and there was an adequate number of ambulances. We obtained a sufficient
number of hospital tents to shelter all the wounded. As soon as it was known that an engagement would take place, I selected a
large wooden structure, a commissary storehouse, for a'hospital. This building was tilled in two hours after the wounded began
to arrive, and, in accordance with previous arrangements, I then took possession of the Tishomingo and Corinth Hotels as
hospitals. When the attack was resumed in the morning these buildings were found to be in the line of fire, and, at four o'clock,
the removal of the wounded commenced, and, by seven o'clock, the buildings were all vacated. Dr. J. C. G. Swaring remained
amid the iron hail until the last man and the last article of furniture had been removed from these buildings to the new hospital.
The wounded bore the transportation without any unpleasant results. Water, fuel, and food were at hand, and tents were pitched
under the direction of Surgeon I. L. Crane, 63d Ohio Volunteers, which afforded shelter for all. There were cots enough;
every man had one. * * There was adequate surgical assistance for each wounded man as he was brought off the field.
Surgeon H. Wardner, U. S. V., received and turned over the wounded, as they arrived, to those surgeons to whose care they
were to be confided. By these arrangements, and by the proximity of the battle-field, the wounded were cared for before the
shock of the wound had time to communicate itself to the system, and the results were very satisfactory. In this battle we had
wounds from every variety of missile. The battle on October 4th commenced at four and terminated at eleven, A. M. The
wounded were dressed as they were brought in, and all necessary primary operations were done by dark. It was found
necessary to perform secondary operations in but few cases. These were done by, or under the supervision of, Surgeon Norman
Gay, U. S. V. * * A suitable number of surgeons were left with him, and the remainder joined in the pursuit of Price and
Van Dorn to Eipley. Our loss was three hundred and fifteen killed, one thousand eight hundred and twelve wounded, two
hundred and fifteen missing, and seventeen prisoners. The enemy lost one thousand, whom they buried, one thousand four
hundred and twenty-three were also buried by our men. Three thousand wounded were left in our hands, and at least five
thousand more were taken with them in their retreat." *
CCL Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff . By Assistant Surgeon
J. C. G. HAPPERSETT, U. S. Army.
* * * "After the evacuation of Corinth, Mississippi, on May 29, 1862, the 1st United States Infantry was encamped
near the town on a hill. There they suffered from diarrhoea, until after moving the encampment to a grove on the west of the
town. When the outer line of fortifications was completed they occupied them until the line was abandoned and a new one
erected nearer the town. They occupied these works at the battle of Corinth, October 3 and 4, 1862. The enemy greatly
outnumbered our army in this battle, having over forty thousand men, while the army of General Rosecrans was between
twenty-six and twenty-seven thousand men. After using the heavy guns as long as they could, they resorted to their muskets,
using the bayonet. They lost nine men killed and six wounded, including one officer wounded. Four of the wounded
remained in the camp and were treated in a hospital tent until they recovered. Colonel Mower, formerly a captain in the
regiment, was badly wounded, and was also treated in our camp at his request. The general hospital, for the reception of the
wounded during the battle of the 3d, was in a dangerous and exposed position, but was moved early on the morning of the 4th
to a place of comparative safety. A large number of hospital tents were erected, and everything necessary for the comfort and
convenience of the wounded was provided. I saw several amputations but no resections. Chloroform was the anaesthetic
usually employed. Ambulances, attended by hospital stewards and nurses, brought the wounded from the field. The Confed
erate wounded who fell into our hands were frightfully torn and mangled, owing to the short range of the heavy artillery fire to
which they were exposed. The Confederate army was supplied with almost every kind of firearm: the Enfield and Minie, the
common rifie with round ball, old muskets and shot guns. The Federal wounded were sent by railroad to Jackson, Tennessee,
and to hospitals in the north. The total number killed in this engagement was three hundred and fifteen, and of wounded, one
thousand eight hundred and twelve." * *
CCII. Extracts from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Surgeon J. G.
HATCHITT, U. S. Volunteers.
"My first service was in the capacity of brigade surgeon of the 2d brigade, 1st division, army of the Ohio, at
camp near Shiloh church, Tennessee, some three weeks after the battle at that place. This brigade, composed of the 4th and
10th Kentucky, 10th Indiana and 14th Ohio regiments, had undergone a sevei-e winter campaign. Two of the regiments had
fought in the battle of Mill Springs, and all had suffered from measles while on that terrible march to and from Mill Springs in
January and February. About the 4th of May, 1862, this brigade commenced the march to Corinth, it still raining almost
incessantly, and roads nearly impassable. Camp diarrhoea prevailed to an alarming extent. Indeed it was hardly possible to
find one not afflicted with it. Every few days the ambulances were filled with patients for Pittsburg or Hamburg landing, to
be sent north. But still the morale of the troops was excellent, and every soldier seemed eager to push on to Corinth. On
May 19th, we had advanced to within three miles of Corinth. A heavy picket firing and a brisk artillery duel commenced,
the enemy frequently throwing shell into our camp, and continued a portion of each day until Corinth was taken. The 1st
division of the army of the Ohio had been attached to the army of the Tennessee, which composed the right wing of the army
of the Mississippi. On May 20th, the medical director of the army of the Tennessee, Surgeon Simons, ordered me to establish
a hospital in the rear of the right wing of the army of the Mississippi, to accommodate five hundred wounded. I succeeded in
getting a supply of medicines, blankets and bed sacks, but not a hospital tent or cooking utensil, except one mess chest, could
be had in the department. Twenty old Sibley tents were all that could be obtained for shelter. Nearly a week was consumed
m getting the supplies transported to a farm house selected for the hospital. Acting Assistant Surgeons W. H. Martin of
Indiana, Deforest of Ohio, and Belote of Pine Bluffs, Arkansas, a steward and a cook were detailed to assist me. It so
KEPOETS OF SURGEONS HATCIIITT AND KEENON, U. S. V. 251
happened that, though frequent details of nurses were made, none ever found their way to the hospital, they, in every instance,
being made from parts of the army two or three miles distant ; after wandering a few days through the woods in search of the
hospital, they would find their way back to their regiments. The consequence was that on May 31st, Corinth being evacuated,
and the divisions near the hospital being ordered to join at once in the pursuit of the enemy, I had three hundred sick delivered
at the hospital within a couple of hours without a nurse. The regimental surgeons, supposing Ihe hospital was in readiness,
ordered their ambulances to take the sick to me. When the ambulances arrived, the surgeons and all who could help were
several miles distant with their regiments. However^ bed sacks were soon filled with hay, camp kettles from deserted camps,
and every species of pot, etc., from the rebel fortifications, some two miles distant, were gathered up, and nourishment, as
good as army rations could make, was provided ; and notwithstanding the many difficulties we labored under, I am not aware
that any man suffered for the want of attention. Water had become very scarce. For some time the army had been able to
procure only a very indifferent article by digging holes in low grounds, into which would soon seep a milky-looking fluid. We
found a bored well at the hospital, which supplied good water, but within a week it was completely exhausted, and then it
could only be obtained by hauling a mile. Diarrhoea and dysentery were the prevailing diseases. All being under malarial
influences, it was necessary to administer quinine and whiskey freely. Sulphate of magnesia and castor oil, followed with
nitric acid and tincture gentian, quinine, Fowler's solution, sub-nitrate of bismuth, or opiates, as circumstances indicated, was
the treatment most beneficial. The powers of digestion and assimilation were so much impaired that the most generous and
nourishing diet was necessary. Raw onions would promote the digestion better than any medicine or diet that could be given.
So universal was the improvement of diarrhoea on the free use of raw onions, that it seemed only to require a sufficiency of
them to cure the entire army. On June 15th, I was ordered to move this hospital into Corono Female College building at
Corinth, Mississippi, the most pleasant locality in that vicinity. At this place, with the help of convalescents, we erected a
bakery that supplied an excellent article of bread for five hundred patients. W^ater was also so scarce here that it was
impossible either to scrub the building or wash for the hospital. There were over eight hundred in this hospital during the
mouth of June, one hundred and forty-five of whom were sent to hospitals north, one hundred and ninety-six to duty, and
forty-six died. By order of Major General Thomas, commanding 1st division of the army of the Ohio, I was instructed to
convey, as soon as I could be relieved at the Corinth hospital, all of the sick of General Buell's army, able to bear transportation,
to Huntsville, Alabama, and to report to the 2d brigade of his division. I was relieved on July 28th, and arrived next day at
Tuscumbia, Alabama, with convalescents. At this place I found a large number of convalescents of General Thomas's division,
numbering, with those from Corinth, about five hundred. We were detained here for the want of transportation, the railroad
bridges being burned near Decatur. They being repaired, on August 7th, I started two hundred and fifty convalescents, as
many as the train would accommodate, to Decatur. The train proceeded to within ten miles of Decatur, found a small bridge
burned, and came back to Tuscumbia. The acting assistant surgeon in charge, with some two hundred convalescents, leaving
the train at the bridge, attempted to walk to Decatur, but were attacked by guerrillas, and about half of the squad captured.
On the following day, I started with the remaining convalescents, built the bridge, and arrived at Decatur early in the night.
On August 10th, I arrived at Decherd, Tennessee, with all of the convalescents of the 1st division, and reported to General
S. S. Fry, commanding the 2d brigade."
CCIII. Third Extract from a Narrative of his Services. By Surgeon J. G. KEENON, U. S.
Volunteers.
* * * "The next and last engagement at which I was present was that fought by the Confederates retreating from
Corinth, Mississippi, and General Hurlburt's division, on the llatchie River. * * This engagement was on October 5, 18(52,
and lasted from about nine o'clock in the morning till three in the afternoon. General Hurlburt's forces were five thousand
six hundred, and that of the enemy much greater, but he was compelled to retire, leaving nearly all of his dead and many of
his wounded on the field. At this battle our loss was very heavy because of the great advantage the enemy had in position, and
the precise range of his artillery on a bridge over which our troops were compelled to pass; but the courage of General
Hurlburt's command and their great confidence in their leader enabled them to press upon the enemy and drive him from the
field. Our supplies here wei-e ample and the water excellent. The wounded were transported to the rear in ambulances and
surgical attention immediately ensued. The majority of the wounds were of a desperate character, being inflicted by canister
at short range, but as the men were in excellent condition and promptly treated, the mortality was comparatively light. Nearly
every amputation was primary and performed on the field. After the retreat of the enemy, General Hurlburt gave orders to
have the wounded transported to Bolivar, Tennessee, which was promptly done. The men were carried in ambulances arid
wagons. On their arrival in Bolivar, they were put in dwellings where they had every attention desirable, and the most
favorable results ensued. But few cases resulted unfavorably, though a great number of the wounds were of a serious nature.
Here again chloroform was used with no unfavorable results. Our number of killed and wounded was something over five
hundred." * *
COIV. Extracts from a Report relative to the Casualties at the Jlattle of Perry ville^ Kentucky ,
October 8, 1862. By Surgeon GKORGE G. SHUMARD, U. S. Volunteers.
* * * "The rebels, according to their usual custom, have attempted to conceal the number of their losses at the
battle of Perryville, while ours appear to have been somewhat overstated. I have thought it my duty to avail myself of all
the means in my power, as medical director of the district concerning the wounded of both armies, to obtain correct information
upon the subject, and the following statement, which you can regard as official, may prove of interest to you. The number
of rebels killed in the battle cannot, I presume, ever be correctly ascertained, as it is well known their officers made use of every
means in their power to conceal their losses in this respect. It appears that a large number of their dead were conveyed from
252 APPENDED DOCUMENTS — WESTEEN ARMIES, 1862.
the battle-field on the night of the battle, October 8, 1862, and secretly buried in trenches. Several of these trenches have
been found, and are situated at a considerable distance from the battle-field. Others are also reported to have been discovered
in other localities, but for want of time I have not been able to examine them. Besides these, a large number of their dead
were found scattered through the woods adjoining the battle-field, having evidently been conveyed there after the battle for
burial. In one locality alone I saw no less than fourteen dead bodies that had been conveyed to a considerable distance from
the field. They were arranged in two rows of seven each, and were, no doubt, brought there for the purpose of burial. The
rebel losses in this respect may therefore be regarded as much larger than«at first reported. With regard to the number of their
wounded from the battle, my information is somewhat more satisfactory. Immediately after the retreat of the enemy, every
means were taken to collect the Avounded of both armies that still remained unprovided for. Those belonging to the i-ebels
•were found scattered through the neighboring woods, and in such houses, barns and stables as could be obtained during the
hasty retreat of their army. All that could be found were carefully conveyed to proper hospitals. It is well known, however,
that a large number were secretly conveyed to houses of rebel sympathizers in the vicinity of Harrodsburg and elsewhere'
and by that means remained effectually concealed until means were afforded them to make good their escape. It is also well
known that nearly all their wounded that could be transported in wagons or on horseback were taken with their army during
its retreat through Perryville, Harrodsburg and Danville. While retreating through Harrodsburg, their hospitals were
caiefnlly searched, and all whose wounds would admit of their being transported by wagon or otherwise were taken along
with them. At this point no less than forty wagons were loaded with their wounded, while many more were supposed to have
been taken from private houses in that rebel town. We may, therefore, safely estimate the number of their wounded transported
along with their army, in wagons or otherwise, at one thousand ; though I have good reasons for believing that fifteen hundred
would come much nearer to the truth. In this estimate I have not included such as were slightly wounded, of which there
must have been a large number able to accompany their army on foot. Surgeons J. G. Hatchitt, U. S. V., and DeCamp,U. S. A.,
were directed to forward correct statements of the number of rebel wounded left in Perryville and Harrodsburg, and in the
vicinity after the retreat of General Bragg's army. From their reports I learn that one thousand were left in the neighborhood
of Perryville, and one thousand seven hundred in and around Harrodsburg. Adding to these the thousand transported along
with their army as explained above, and we have a total of three thousand and seven hundred wounded. ' In addition
to these, about four hundred sick and wounded were left in Danville, which increases the number to four thousand one hundred.
Their entire loss in killed and wounded from the battle cannot, therefore, fall far short of seven thousand. The total number
of our men wounded during the battle was about two thousand. In this number are included all those who were left under
treatment in Perryville after the battle, as well as a large number that were sent to Louisville for treatment."
CCY. Extracts from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Surgeon G. G.
SHUMARD, U. S. Volunteers.
* * * " Late in August the division was ordered from northern Alabama to Louisville, Kentucky, thence along with
the remainder of General Buell's army, to Perryville, Kentucky, where it participated in one of the severest battles of the war.
It is proper here to remark that previous to starting from Louisville, the different surgeons of the army were directed by
Surgeon It. Murray, U. S. A., medical director, to procure full supplies of medicines, hospital stores, dressings, bedding, etc.,
but no sooner were the supplies procured than they were ordered to be left behind by General Buell, who directed that only
one wagon should be furnished to each brigade for the transportation of medical and hospital stores. As each brigade consisted
of four or five regiments of infantry, besides cavalry and artillery, one can well imagine that the supply thus conveyed was
altogether insufficient to meet the wants of the sick. No hospitals had been previously established anywhere along the route
travelled by the army. To add to the difficulty, no tents of any character were allowed the troops. As the marches were
long and fatiguing, while the nights were cool and disagreeable, the army suffered severely from disease, and by the time it
arrived in Perryville, the number of sick was unusually large. Hospitals were established at different points along the route,
and the sick made as comfortable as our scanty means would permit. The battle of Perryville was fought on October 8, 1862,
and for the number actually engaged, may well be considered one of the bloodiest and most severely contested of the war.
The weapons employed by the enemy consisted of Minie, Enfield, and Springfield rifles, and common muskets. Most of the
wounds inflicted were from conical balls, and were large and severe, the balls appearing to have entered the body sideways,
revolving. Our loss in killed and wounded during the battle amounted to between three and four thousand, while that of the
enemy was much larger; being estimated by myself, from data obtained after the battle, at about seven thousand. During the
engagement, I received orders from General Buell's headquarters to report immediately to Major General Crittenden, as medical
director of his corps, which formed at that time the right wing of the army. I continued with this corps until October 16th.
By this time the sick had accumulated so rapidly that it was found necessary to establish large hospital depots for their
accommodation. Perryville and Harrodsburg were already crowded with the wounded, besides these, large numbers of sick
and wounded were scattered about the country in houses, barns, stables, sheds, or wherever they could obtain shelter sufficient
to protect them from the weather. As the army marched through Danville, all the remaining sick were ordered to be left,
which increased the number of sick and wounded in the district from both armies, the rebels during their retreat having
left most of their sick and wounded behind, to nearly eight thousand. Unfortunately the few medical and hospital supplies
that were taken by the army from Louisville were by this time almost exhausted, Avliile the rebels had consumed all that
were in the country previous to our arrival, so that this large number of sick were left almost entirely destitute of supplies of
every description. Under these embarrassing circumstances, I was directed to take charge of the district. Immediately after
receiving the order, which reached me in the afternoon of October 16th, I repaired to Danville, and there found about fifteen
hundred sick, without shelter, most of them remaining where they had fallen from the ranks of the army as it marched through
the town. In two days the number of sick at this point was increased to two thousand five hundred. The difficulties of my
EEPOETS OF SURGEONS SHUMARD AND HATCHITT, U. S. V. 253
situation can be better comprehended when I state that a very large proportion of the sick left at this single point were
typhoid fever cases; that most of them were without blankets, and that I had not a single article of bedding of any character
in my possession, while my entire supply of medicines was contained in a small army medicine chest I had been fortunate
enough to bring with me. The sick and wounded in Perryville and Harrodsburg, as well as those scattered through the
surrounding country, were also in an equally destitute condition. All the buildings suitable for the purpose that could be
obtained in the district were immediately taken for hospitals. Parties were sent in every direction to collect such supplies as
the country could afford, while the medical purveyor in Louisville was telegraphed to, to forward medicines, dressings, hospital
stores, bedding, etc., without delay. Unfortunately the supplies sent by the purveyor were arrested by the quartermaster in
Bardstown, so that nearly two weeks elapsed before they reached their destination. Meanwhile the agent of the Sanitary
Commission in Louisville hearing of our wants, immediately forwarded, at the expense of the Commission, supplies of bedding,
hospital stores, and medicines. But for the timely arrival of these, many lives would, undoubtedly, have been sacrificed; as it
was, probably some lives were lost, and much suffering endured that might, in my opinion, have been avoided by permitting
the surgeons to take such supplies with them from Louisville, as their judgment told them would be necessary for the comfort
of the sick. In writing the above, I do not by any means wish to reflect on the conduct of our excellent medical director,
Surgeon Robert Murray, U. S. A. That efficient officer did everything in his power to prevent the condition of things I have
described. His wishes upon the subject were known to myself and others, and I do not hesitate to express my conviction, that
had they been carried out, supplies in abundance would have been at hand for the sick. The supplies received from the
Sanitary Commission, together with a small lot that was sent by the purveyor at Louisville to General Crittenden's corps, and
which I, luckily, succeeded in arresting on the road, enabled me to supply the most pressing wants of many of the more serious
cases ; but it was not until the supplies were received that I ordered from the medical purveyor in Louisville, that the sick were
made comfortable. Besides the want of medical and hospital supplies, I had to contend with another difficulty of a no less
serious character. No money was left in the hands of the commissaries for the purchase of articles of diet necessary for the
sick. These could only be obtained from the farmers in the surrounding country, who almost invariably demanded the cash
for the articles furnished upon delivery. In this way a very large hospital fund accumulated, which was of no benefit whatever
to the sick, while I w;is forced to adopt other means to obtain the articles required. The principal diseases we had to contend
with were typhoid fever and typhoid pneumonia. In addition to these there were a large number of cases of erysipelas,
measles, camp diarrhoea, and dysentery. In the treatment of the first two of these diseases, oxygen gas was largely employed,
and in many instances with favorable results. As fast as the sick and wounded recovered they were sent to their regiments,
and by January 1, 1863, the number remaining in the district was reduced to only a few hundred, and I was enabled to close
the hospitals in Harrodsburg and Perryville by sending the sick from these two points to the hospitals in Danville. * *
Chloroform was freely employed in nearly all the serious surgical operations performed in the different commands to which I
have been attached, and in no instance has it disappointed our expectations. I have neither seen nor heard of any bad results
following its use. Sulphuric ether has, in a few instances, been employed as a substitute for chloroform, but from my own
knowledge and experience, I would much prefer the latter. During the battle of Perryville our troops suffered much from the
absence of water. The season had been exceedingly dry, so that most of the wells and other sources of supply in the country
were exhausted before the arrival of our army. It was with the utmost difficulty that water could be obtained to meet the
wants of the wounded. From the fact of the enemy retaining possession of the greater portion of the field during the night
after the battle of Perry ville, but few of the wounded could be removed until the following day, when they were transported to
temporary hospitals in ambulances. Nearly all the amputations and other operations were performed after the removal of the
patients from the field." * *
CCVI. Extracts from a Iteport on the Care of the Wounded after the Battle of Perryville.
By Surgeon J. G. HATCHITT, U. S. Volunteers.
"The 1st division, General George H. Thomas, was ordered to remain at Nashville to garrison that place,
and Surgeon Robert Murray, U. S. A., medical director, ordered me to proceed with that part of the army going in pursuit
of the enemy into Kentucky, temporarily attaching me to the 6th brigade, General Willich's. The march to Bowling Green
commenced about September 9th. The weather was very hot and water was scarce. The enemy attacked and captured
Mumfordsville about the time we arrived at Bowling Green. He having thus gained a remarkably strong position, and having
a superior force, we halted three days for General Thomas's division, which had been ordered up. On arriving at Cave City,
Surgeon R. Murray, U. S. A., ordered me, on September 21st, to take charge of a hospital there, containing about two hundred
sick of our army, and one hundred and thirty rebels wounded in the battle of Mumfordsville. I found the hospital ill
supplied with rations ; nothing on hand, in fact, but two beef cattle and three barrels of dried apples. The entire army had
passed on, and a captain of the commissary department, following with a railroad train of commissary stores, refused to stop
and issue, though, I am informed, he had orders to do so, and was aware of our condition. Fortunately General George H.
Thomas, with his staff, rode back to the hospital, and being informed of our condition, ordered me to send our sick back to
Bowling Green, to distribute the enemy's wounded among citizens in the vicinity, and to report again to the 2d brigade of his
division, with which order I at once proceeded to comply. On arriving at Mumfordsville, I received an order from Surgeon
Murray, which was intended to have reached me at Cave City, instructing me to remove the patients at Cave City to Mum
fordsville; to take charge of the sick and wounded at that place also; and, after seeing that they were well provided for, with
a sufficient corps of surgeons in attendance, to rejoin the army. Those at Cave City being already disposed of, I complied
with the order so far as it related to those at Mumfordsville, and again joined the army on the march to Louisville. I found
at Mumfordsville about seventy sick of our army, and nearly two hundred wounded Confederates. At Louisville the army
was detained about five days to receive shoes and clothes. A full supply of medical stores and hospital tents were procured.
254 APPENDED DOCUMENTS WESTERN AEMIES, 1862.
All old ambulances were condemned by a board of survey, but new ones could not be procured. About October 1st, the
army commenced its march again in search of the enemy, whose principal force was then at Bardstown, Kentucky. * *
At Shepardstown skirmishing commenced and continued daily, but with no casualties of importance. When within a few
miles of Springfield, artillery firing commenced, and continued from nearly every hill top until we arrived at the battle-field
of Chaplin Hills. It, however, did not much delay our march, as the enemy would retire to another hill as soon as our artillery
had the range. At Springfield the Second Corps, General Crittenden, passed to our right by way of Lebanon, thus leaving
the Third Corps in the centre. ; On the night of October 7th, we arrived within two miles of Doctor's Fork, a creek
about two miles west of Perryville. running northeast, thus crossing our road at an angle of forty-five degrees. About a mile
beyond the crossing of the road, this stream turns due north, and some two miles further empties into Chaplin River. General
Fry commanding the pickets on the night of October 7th, I necessarily accompanied him. He gradually pushed the pickets
on until about midnight, when we arrived at a farm-house on Doctor's Fork, where I remained with a number of rebel wounded
that had fallen into our hands. Our men were faint for want of water. There were a few pools of stagnant water along
Doctor's Fork, and by scooping holes in the gravel in the bottom of the stream, this water would soon sweep through clear
and palatable to the parched tongue. East of this creek, and running parallel with it, was a range of wooded hills. General
Buell seems to have ordered General Sheridan's division to take possession of this range of hills next morning, so that our men
could have the benefit of the water in the creek while we halted for the right wing, General Crittenden's corps, and the left
wing, General McCook's corps, to come up, both having fallen, on account of more circuitous and difficult roads, some ten miles
behind. About five o'clock in the morning, musket firing commenced briskly, General Fry still being in command of the
regiments that were on picket duty. I remained with him, about a half mile to the left of the road, while General Sheridan's
division proceeded to attack the enemy along the road and on either side. About nine o'clock, General Fry ordered the lUth
Indiana and 86th Illinois Volunteers to charge the enemy, and he, heading the column, they swept across the creek and over
the hill in splendid style. Notwithstanding the enemy were opposed to us in double line of battle, they fled in the utmost
confusion. In this charge the two regiments lost only twelve killed and twenty wounded. After our wounded were attended
to, I proceeded some four hundred yards in advance of our lines, and gathered up all of the enemy's wounded, and sent them
back to the hospitals which had been established at farm-houses in the rear. About this time, General McCook's corps was
seen coming over the fields to our left, his extreme light being about a quarter of a mile distant from our extreme left, and
advanced beyond us until his right, the 15th Kentucky and 2d Ohio, rested on Doctor's Fork, just where it makes its turn
northward. After this rout of the enemy, our line fell back to the west side of the hills, apparently to avoid a general
engagement, for the light wing had not yet come up. Thus, facing eastward, the right of the left corps was about half a mile
in advance east-northeast of our left, with a range of hills intervening. About twelve o'clock, the enemy attacked the entire
line of both our centre and left corps, advancing from the northeast. From the exposed position of the left corps, and the
course of the enemy's advance, the larger portion of his force, Cheatham's and Anderson's divisions, were necessarily thrown
against it, while only Buckner's division attacked the centre corps. At this time, the 10th Indiana Volunteers, the only regiment
of my brigade on the field, being relieved and ordered out of line, I retired a little in rear, on top of a high hill, where I could
await the coming of my brigade, which I supposed would soon be ordered up, and, at the same time, have a full view of nearly
the entire battle-field, of the whole ridge that the centre corps occupied, and the fields occupied by General McCook's corps.
Though somewhat exposed to the enemy's fire, the view of the whole field was so perfect that I could not resist the temptation
to remain, and sat there on my horse, looking alternately upon the battle scene and then anxiously, but in vain, for my brigade,
until the full moon had lighted up the bloody field. The battle raged with remarkable fury. I saw the left wing giving way,
and aids from that corps coming for re-enforcements. I saw the Pea Ridge Brigade, and 3d brigade, 1st division, General
Steadman's, marching to their assistance. The latter, however, was too far distant to arrive at the scene of action before dark.
The object of the centre corps seemed to have been only to hold their position, until about four o'clock in the afternoon, when
it was discovered that the left was being driven back. It then pressed on until the enemy wrere driven beyond Perryville,
and darkness stopped the fight. The next day seemed to have been occupied in swinging the right wing around, so that our
lines would face north — some artillery firing going on nearly all day. The 2d brigade still remaining in camp, I took occasion
to visit the hospitals of the centre corps, established at four farm-houses on the main road. They were well supplied with
hospital tents, and the regimental supplies of medical stores were sufficient for the number of wounded, but there was much
inconvenience for the want of water. The number of surgeons in attendance was so ample that I could find no place where my
services would be of avail. On the morning of October 10th, the 2d brigade having orders to march, I rode by way of the
hospitals of the left corps. Arriving at the first, known as the Russell house, I found about one hundred and fifty wounded,
most of them lying on the ground in the yard, and no surgeon, except Surgeon G. D. Beebe, U. S. V., medical director of
McCook's corps, and three or four from the 1st division! They had labored all night as best they could. No supplies having
reached this hospital, they were compelled to amputate without chloroform. On inquiry of Surgeon Beebe, I learned that all
of the surgeons of his corps were at hospitals farther in the rear, and had as much to do as they could attend to. I offered my
services, and, as a chilling rain was commencing, proposed to move the wounded to Perryville, two miles distant, that being
the only place where shelter could be found. At Surgeon Beebe's request, I undertook to move them. A long train of empty
ambulances passing, were set to immediate work, and I soon obtained all of those belonging to the 1st division. The road
was over remarkably rough and rocky hills, and the cold rain continued during the evening and night. They were put in
houses in Perryville, which place had been vacated by the citizens on account of the proximity of the battle, and made as
comfortable as wounded could be with no comforts but shelter and straw and proper nourishment. The hospitals of McCook's
corps suffered for water even more than those of the centre. Some surgeons told me that they could not get water enough to
wash the blood from their hands for two days. Every available ambulance was constantly employed until all the wounded
that could bear transportation were removed to Perryville.
On the 12th, Surgeon Robert Murray, medical director of the army, ordered me to take charge of all the hospitals in
Perryville and vicinity. On the 15th, we received some five hundred blankets, seven hundred bed sacks, and some cooking
EEPOET OF SURGEON SWIFT, TJ. S. A. 255
utensils, intended for McCook's and Gilbert's corps. The supplies ordered on my requisitions were promptly started from
Louisville, but by some means never explained, they were stopped and stored at Bardstown, where they remained some two
weeks before they could be found. In the meantime the Sanitary Commission came with large supplies. Water had to be
hauled a mile for the hospitals. We were well supplied with beef and mutton, but the armies had stripped the country of
nearly everything with which we could have made the hospital fund available. The larger part of the enemy's wounded were
taken to Harrodsburg on his retreat. Only nine hundred and five were left at Perryville in my care. The greater portion of
these were kept at their field hospitals on Chaplin Eiver, some two and three miles below Perryville, where they were
convenient to good water. They were sheltered principally by fodder stacks or arbors, which, during the pleasant Indian
summer of October and November, were by far the best hospitals we had. There was a great deficiency of stationery, and it
was impossible for the surgeons to make a complete record of the wounded. My steward succeeded in getting the names of
one thousand seven hundred and forty-five of our army, and nine hundred and five of the enemy, but his description of their
wounds was too inaccurate for statistical information. As soon as the wounded recovered sufficiently to bear transportation
they were sent to the Louisville, Bardstown, and Lebanon hospitals, generally in empty wagon trains going for commissary
stores. By this means the number in hospital was decreased the first month to about eleven hundred, after which time we only
sent the convalescents to the Danville hospitals. This battle was fought at very short range. The unevenness of the ground
enabled the enemy to mass his troops in the hollows and ravines, and frequently threw them within a few yards of our batteries
before they would be in range of our fire. The enemy used in this battle solid shot, shell, grape, and canister, the Springfield,
Austrian, and Mississippi rifle, with conoidal ball, and a large proportion of smooth muskets, with buck and ball. The latter
proved a most effective weapon in a battle of so short range, the contending columns sometimes being not more than fifty yards
apart. It may be on account of the use of the buck and ball that our wounded exceeded the enemy's, while his killed exceeded
ours, the conoidal ball which we used exclusively being more surely fatal. Primary amputations and resections were
performed at the field depots. There were, however, only ten of the latter, two of the head of the humerus, three of parts of
inferior maxillary bones, and five of continuity of long bones, all of which recovered. The primary amputations were all flap
operations, with only three or four exceptions. A few of these died from the sloughing naturally attending too large a flap.
The secondary and tertiary amputations mentioned below, with three or four exceptions, I performed at the hospitals in
Perryville, all of which were circular. The following is the result of the amputations: of eleven primary amputations of the
thigh, lower third, three died, middle third, seven died, upper third, six died. Of secondary amputations of the thigh, eleven
cases, all died. Of two tertiary amputations of the thigh, one recovered. Of seventeen primary amputations of the leg, five
died. Of five secondary amputations of the leg, two died. Of two tertiary amputations of the leg, both recovered. Of four
primary amputations of shoulder joint, two recovered ; secondary, one case died. Of sixteen primary amputations of forearm,
all recovered ; four secondary cases, all recovered. Of twelve primary amputations of the arm, all recovered ; secondary, six
cases, four recovered. Trephining, three cases, two died. For some of the interesting surgical cases, I refer to remarks made
on monthly reports. The anaesthetic constantly employed was chloroform, and no bad results ever followed its use. I can
form but an imperfect estimate of the number of casualties. The oflicial report of two thousand nine hundred wounded of our
army seemed to me much too large ; certainly not over two thousand three hundred ever reported in hospitals in and about
Perryville. Six hundred and twenty of the enemy were buried on the field by our men. About January 1st, General Rosecrane
ordered Lieutenant W. H. Daniels, of the 81st Indiana Volunteers, the efficient quartermaster of the Perryville hospitals, to
report to his regiment, and another quartermaster could not be obtained. My labors were thus much increased. Much of the
fire wood had to be cut in the woods by the nurses, teams had to be kept to haul the wood, forage to be obtained for the teams.
It was necessary to go occasionally from six to ten miles for forage, so much had the country been stripped by the armies, and
sometimes it was necessary to seize both wood and forage at the point of the bayonet. Of the four surgeons and twenty-six
assistant surgeons who aided me with the wounded of this battle, it would be invidious to mention a name with a view of
distinction, for all did their duty; but Surgeon R. R. McMeary, 3d Ohio Volunteers, may be mentioned and remembered as
one who sacrificed his life by incessant daily labor and night long vigils to relieve the suffering soldiers. By March 23d, the
hospitals of Perryville were closed, and all public property was sent to Danville, to be transferred to officers there. I intended
to get there by the 2f>th, with invoices to complete the transfer, hut on the 24th, hearing cannon in the direction of Danville, I
supposed there would be a battle, and started thither immediately. Before arriving, I discovered that the enemy had possession
of the place, our forces having retreated towards Lexington. By circuitous routes, travelling until two o'clock next morning,
I succeeded in reaching the rear guard of our army. By thus leaving Perryville so unexpectedly, I lost a number of beautiful
specimens of gunshot injuries intended for the Army Medical Museum."
CCVII. Iteport of the Operations of the Medical Staff at the Battle of Murfreesboro',
Tennessee. By Surgeon E. SWIFT, U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Department of the
Cumberland.
"Herewith I have the honor to transmit a brief report of the transactions of the medical department of the army of the
Cumberland, together with the reports of the medical directors of the right, left and centre wings. On the morning of the
iifitli of December, 1862, pursuant to orders from the commanding general, the army moved forward from camps near Nashville
toward Murfreesboro', the right on the Nolansville and the centre on the Franklin pikes, while the left advanced direct on the
Murfreesboro' road. Soon after, Major General McCook, in command of the right wing, left his camp on Mill Creek, lie
encountered the cavalry of the enemy and skirmished with them till he reached Nashville. About a mile in advance of this
place (Murfreesboro') the enemy made a determined stand with a battery in position, but was soon routed with the loss of one
of his guns and several prisoners. We had three men killed and seven wounded in Davis's division. The heavy rain of the
morning had subsided and now the country was enveloped in fog or mist. The same day. General Geo. H. Thomas, in command
256 APPENDED DOCUMENTS WESTERN ARMIES, 1862.
of the centre moved across the country from the Franklin to the Nolansville pike, sent aid to General Davis, whom he learned
was engaged, and, on the following day, marched to Stewartsville, on the Murfreesboro' pike. He remained here till the
morning of the 29th, when he advanced to the support of the left wing, which had preceded him, and was now near Murfreesboro',
On the 30th, General Negley's division of this portion of the army, joined with Sheridan, who occupied the left of General
McCook's command, which had moved up from Nolansville, on the Wilkinson pike, and now occupied a position nearly parallel
with the enemy, the left resting on the Wilkinson pike and the right extending southeasterly in a line in a direction with the river.
In this movement of the right from near Nolansville, General Stanley, in command of a division of cavalry in advance,
encountered the enemy in considerable force and drove him beyond Triuna. The cavalry lost one killed and five wounded, and
in another affair the much lamented Major Rosingartin was killed and Major Ward mortally wounded. Six cavalry soldiers
were also wounded and were taken with the command in ambulances, and placed in hospital at the cross roads. Major General
Crittendcn, in command of the left wing, while advancing along the Murfreesboro' pike, met the enemy on the 27th, at Lavergne,
and put him to flight. In this engagement we lost two killed and thirty-two wounded. These latter were left in hospital at
Lavergne, in charge of medical officers, and were subsequently removed to Nashville. On the 29th, this grand division of
the army moved into position on the extreme left, with General Palmer on the right, resting on the Murfreesboro' pike and
joining Negley of the centre, and General Wood occupying the ground from Palmer to the river. General Van Cleve in
reserve of this and General Rousseau in rear of the centre. General Rosecrans, with his entire staff, advanced from Nashville
on the Murfreesboro' pike, and having reached the head of the column, turned off to the right over a heavy mud road, visited
General McCook's command and returned to his camp, in the rear of Lavergne, about four o'clock the following morning.
Here he remained contemplating the movements of the enemy till the following day, when he moved on to Stewartsville. The
next day, the 29th, late in the evening, he visited General Crittenden's headquarters near Murfreesboro', and remained in
consultation all night with the chief officers of his command. On the following morning, one of our batteries in position a
little to the left and in advance of the general, opened fire upon a battery of the enemy still more to the left and on elevated
ground, which, replying, killed one of the escort, Private Dolan, of the 4th U. S. Cavalry, and wounded the adjutant of the
57th Indiana Volunteers in the shoulder; at the same time a private of an infantry regiment, not engaged, was killed. The
general and his staff now fell back three or four hundred yards to the sloping ground on the left of the road, where he remained
all day. About eleven o' clock, the heavy picket-firing on our left ceased and opened generally along our right where General
McCook was being engaged. The enemy was strongly entrenched behind earthworks extending from the river on our extreme
left across our front in almost a direct line, then far on along our right, but receding from the Wilkinson to the Franklin pike
through heavy timber. The left wing lost to-day three killed and eighteen wounded; the centre fourteen killed and fifty-three
wounded; and the right twenty-four killed and one hundred and five wounded. Before leaving Nashville I had approved of
full and complete requisitions, at the suggestion of Surgeon Murray, U. S. A., my predecessor, for the three grand divisions of
the army. I had also in reserve, tents, bedding, etc., for a field hospital for more than two thousand five hundred men, which
I ordered up from the rear on the 29th, as soon as I learned the enemy had made a stand near Murfreesboro'. At the same time, I
ordered forward twenty ambulances, all that we had on hand at Nashville. Surgeons were detailed to perform operations when
decided on after consultation^for dressing, and such other duties as the reception and disposition of the wounded, and circum
stances required. Early on the morning of the 31st, the enemy, during the night, having massed a heavy force on our right,
fiercely attacked Johnson's and Davis's divisions, which he forced back, and Sheridan's being heavily pressed was obliged to
recede. The hospitals, wounded, and nearly all the medical supplies of this wing of the army, thus fell into the hands of the
enemy. We were also called on to lament in sadness the loss of General Sill, and many noble and brave officers and men.
About nine o'clock, the commanding general, with his staff, dashed boldly forward to the left wing, and in person directed the
movements of troops and placed batteries in position. His daring presence so near the enemy's line, brought down upon him
an angry and spiteful fire of musketry, round shot and shell, almost at point blank range, but utterly disregarding this metallic
storm, our brave commander moved calmly on from left to right cheering and inspiring our faltering troops, and throughout the
day, wherever the tide of battle most fiercely raged, General Rosecrans bore his charmed life and ubiquitous presence. The
noble Garesche was killed by his side, and his aides, Lieutenant Kirby, severely, and Porter slightly wounded. Sergeant
Richmond and four privates of his escort were also killed or wounded, the former mortally. Much the heaviest loss sustained
to-day fell upon the regular battalions, brigaded under command of Lieutenant Colonel O. L. Shepherd, in holding the cedar
brake, on the right of the centre, against the columns of the enemy sweeping down upon them, after having forced back our entire
left wing. This loss amounted to five hundred and sixty-one killed and wounded, more than one-third of their number, in fact
I might probably better say nearly one-half. Our casualties in killed and wounded did not fall short of four thousand, including
about one thousand five hundred of the right wing, one thousand two hundred of whom, wounded, fell into the hands of the
enemy. The ambulance corps, though temporarily organized, worked admirably. As soon as the fire of the enemy slacked at
any point along our lines, and became only desultory, the ambulances dashed in at a brisk trot and snatched our wounded from
their picket lines. In justice, I should add, they did not fire on these brave men when they knew their humane mission;
friend and foe, no longer combating, being equally the objects of their care. It became necessary, in order to accommodate so
many wounded, to make use of tents, and my field hospital having arrived, I was enabled to afford comfortable shelter for all.
In the early part of the day, Surgeon Weeds, assistant medical director, went to the rear to take charge of the property
pertaining to the field hospitals and place it in a proper position. About ten o'clock, Surgeon McDermont, medical director of the
right wing reported to me— his hospitals and wounded, hospital supplies and medical officers having fallen into the hands of the
enemy— and asked for instructions. I directed him to a cedar brake on the left cf the road, half a mile to the rear, where I
instructed him to make a temporary field hospital, constructing the shed roof and beds for the wounded from cedar boughs, to make
his requisitions on Doctor Weed for supplies and report to me when he could receive the wounded. Visiting this place an hour
later I found it untenable, or at least, unsafe, on account of round shot and shell from the enemy occasionally falling upon it.
I then directed Surgeon McDermont to find suitable buildings on the pike to the rear. In the meantime my attention was drawn
to a large number of wagons, ambulances, caissons, etc., moving from different points to the river more to the left. I soon
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR, SWIFT, U. S. A. 257
learned they bad come in disorder from the rigbt and were looking for safety over an uneven rocky ford, on the opposite river
bank. This Babel-like confusion was somewhat augmented by the approach of the enemy, who now charged upon this flank.
They were, however, driven back before much property had been destroyed. I had succeeded in drawing out many of the
ambulances before crossing the ford. Three were reported to me as having been taken by the enemy and burned The
remainder subsequently did good service. During the day, the enemy's cavalry made a descent upon our hospitals on the
Nashville pike, but beyond some confusion and embarrassment, they did little harm. Our own cavalry, commanded by Captain
Otis, speedily drove them away. During the night 1 visited the hospitals within our lines along the pike, and off of it to the
rear, and was gratified to find the wounded well provided and attended. At daylight, surgeons, nurses and attendants were
busily occupied in the labor they had begun the morning before. As the fighting on the 1st of January was confined to brisk
skirmishing, and but few casualties resulting therefrom, we were able to complete our organization and finish the heavy work
so suddenly thrown upon our hands the day before. Many of the slightly wounded, those who were able to walk and ride in
empty wagons, I ordered to Nashville, twenty-five miles to the rear. After a brisk engagement the following morning without
any marked results, the day passed on much as the preceding, till five o'clock, when the enemy came down with an overwhelming
force upon our left flank, driving, for a while, everything before him; but, emerging from the heavy timber upon the open
ground, he was met by terrific volleys of grape, round shot and shell from fifty-two pieces of artillery, placed in position by
Captain Mendenhall, on tbe opposite river bank. The enemy faltered, then fell back, and soon this living mass was in full
retreat. Our loss, not exceeding five hundred men, was comparatively small, his being estimated at nearly three times that
number. Then, as on other occasions, the ambulance corps behaved well. It was dark when the battle ceased, but while
occasionally only shot fell from the baflled foe, our wounded were on the road, and less than an hour later they were all
comfortably provided for in the hospitals in the rear. Lieutenant , who had charge of this branch of the medical service,
deserves favorable mention for his zeal and industry; for though he could not share, from indisposition, the more bold and
daring occupation of his brave comrades, he contributed much to the comfort of the wounded. Saturday morning found our
army bivouacked in mud, drenched with rain, without shelter, and almost without food, but still hopeful and cheerful. None
were sick ; few complaining. Our heavy lines of pickets on all sides were all day engaged, and at night General Rousseau
stormed the rifle-pits in front, carried them and held them. Our loss in this aftair, and throughout the day, was not large.
This proved to be our last encounter with the enemy. On the following day we were engaged in the mournful task of burying
our lamented dead. I visited the hospitals on the Wilkinson pike and neighborhood, now again within our lines, and found
the wounded generally well cared for. Surgeon Marks, and other medical officers, as also the attendants left in the hospitals
by direction of Surgeon McDermont, medical director of the right wing, I am happy to state, with but tew exceptions, did their
duty faithfully and well. Their labors were great and harassing, and not unattended with danger on the 31st, when the
ground was fiercely contested, and yielded to an overwhelming force. Some buildings were pierced by round shot and
musketry, wounding attendants in tbe earnest discharge of their duty. During the battle of the 31st some of the wounded of
Negley's division of the centre fell into the hands of the enemy. These have been reported to me as having i-eceived the same
care and attention as their own wounded, by the medical officers of their army. In fact they have said to me they had been
'well treated' and had 'no reason to complain.'
Surgeons Bogue, Johnson, Brelstbrd-and Wright are highly commended for their gallantry in maintaining their position
with their wounded comrades when the hospitals of this portion of the army fell within the enemy's lines. In strong contrast
with these and many other brave, devoted and self-sacrificing men, it becomes my painful duty to say Assistant Surgeon V.
D. Miller, 78th Pennsylvania Volunteers, is reported to me by the medical director of his corps an having 'basely deserted his
post.' Surgeon Phelps, medical director of the left wing, is entitled to the highest praise for his zeal and untiring industry in
the establishment of the largest field hospital in the rear, and for professional skill and devoted attention to the wants of the
wounded. Surgeon Blair also deserves credit for the comfortable provision made for those entrusted to his care in tents and
shelters made of tent flies. The wounded here, as everywhere under canvas, did well, and most clearly established, in the
opinion of all, the advantages derived from free ventilation thus afforded over hospitals in ordinary dwellings of wood or brick,
notwithstanding a liberal provision of windows and doors. I am gratified to say my conservative views were generally adopted,
and that amputations were seldom performed without consultation. Many exsections were made which are doing well, and
some cases are treated as compound fractures with marked success. Surgeon Woodworth, of General Van Cleve's division,
Surgeon Heise, 100th Illinois Volunteers, E. B. Glick, 40th Indiana, S. H. Kersey, 3Gth Indiana, and Surgeons J. T. Wood,
99th Ohio Volunteers, and C. J. Walton, 21st Kentucky Volunteers, (these latter having done the largest part of the operating)
are favorably brought to my notice. Surgeon Muscroft, of General Rousseau's division, established a hospital in the rear and
accommodated comfortably a large number of wounded. Many of the serious cases are in an advanced stage of recovery. His
zeal, skill, and industry are commendable. Surgeon James, medical director of the cavalry division, and Cumfort, of the
Anderson troops, also did faithful service. Assistant Surgeon Faylor has been assiduous in his attention to sick and wounded.
Lieutenant Colonel Northcote, unable longer to bear the fatigue and exposure incident to duty in the lines on account of ill
health, aided me greatly in organizing parties of stragglers, with whom lie policed camps and procured wood, water and straw.
Captain Monger, with his company, was detailed to guard property and enforce discipline in and around the field hospital, and
Captain Stackpole to provide and issue subsistence stores as required. These gentlemen did their duties faithfully and well,
and gave universal satisfaction. The duties of these officers, like those of the medical department, though not of the brilliant
nature of their more fortunate comrades in front, were essential to the comfort of the brave wounded and deserve well of their
commanding general and of the country.
I must crave your indulgence for again mentioning the ambulance corps and Lieutenant . The service performed
was highly creditable. The drivers and assistants, (among the former I desire to mention Private F. M. Figett, Com
pany H, 21st Kentucky Volunteers, killed.) were prompt and zealous in the discharge of their duty. This service was often
necessarily continued into the night and near to the enemy's lines, yet these brave men, unarmed, untiring and unflinching in
the face of danger, gathered their bleeding comrades from under the guns of the enemy and bore them to the rear. My orderly,
258
APPENDED DOCUMENTS WESTEKN ARMIES, 1862.
Private Barrett, 4th U. S. Cavalry, deserves creditable mention for his unceasing devotion to duty and the prompt manner in
which he conveyed my directions on the field. My clerk, William Domer, private in the Anderson Cavalry, who, I am glad
to learn, has been highly recommended for a commission, also served faithfully and assiduously at the hospitals in the rear.
The commissary and quartermaster's departments are entitled to our thanks for timely and efficient aid in furnishing
supplies and transportation, and in the preparation of hospitals for the reception of sick and wounded here and at Nashville.
My thanks are also due to my assistants. Surgeon Weeds and Surgeon Phelps, whom I have previously mentioned for their
prompt and efficient cooperation, and for valuable suggestions conducive to the comfort and best treatment of our wounded.
To Surgeon Thurston, assistant medical director at Nashville, also, for his zeal, energy and rare professional ability displayed
in providing for the wounded sent him from the battle-field. Surgeons McDermont and Beebe were untiring in their labors and
afforded me valuable aid. Their observations on treatment of wounded, etc., as shown in their reports herewith appended,
should receive attention.
From the difficulty of individualizing where so many are distinguished, I have mentioned but few officers as deserving
of commendation for faithful and conscientious attention to duty. I am sorry to say, however, there are those whose conduct
has been bad; whose names at an early day will be forwarded to the commanding general for his action. Among these are two
officers Avho left the field to look for hospitals beyond Stewart's Creek, and did not soon return. They were reported to me by
Colonel Burke, l(Jth Ohio Volunteers.
With the present standard of professional ability among subordinate medical officers, too much stress cannot, in my
opinion, be laid upon the importance of securing supervisory talent of the highest order. The rank now common to corps
medical directors is most inadequate to the responsibility, extent of authority, and respect attaching to such a position, while
the pay and emoluments pertaining thereto are a poor inducement to skillful practitioners to abandon a lucrative practice at home
for the drudgery, exposure, and, at best, brief honors of service with troops in the field.
While the medical officers, now acting in this capacity, are comparatively the best fitted therefor among those open to
selection. I am of opinion that the standard of professional administrative capacity of such officers should be elevated, and that
increase of rank, (it may be local,) pay and emoluments to medical directors, will insure the availability to' the department of a
much higher order of talent than is, at present, accessible. It appears to me that the liberality of the Government, and the
people which prompts stich donations of money and supplies for sanitary purposes, might be most advantageously applied to
securing more valuable personal attentions to the objects of these laudable efforts. I append hereto a complete return of the
killed and -wounded of the various subdivisions of the army, with a tabular statement of the location and nature of wounds.
Tabular Statement /Showing the location of Three thousand one hundred and tiro Wounds
received in the Army of the Cumberland, during the Battle of Stone lliver.
Head and Face
282
Elbow
16 i Abdomen
52
626
Breast
134 !
Wrist
22 \. Groin
11
Knee
94
Shoulder
259
Hand
245 Hip
159
Ankle
45
Arm
347 i
Neck
59 i Side
100
i Foot
141
Fore Arm . .
21
Back
57 Thioh
432
The remaining wounds are unknown or too slight ill their nature to be mentioned.
General Summary of Casualties during the J3attle of Stone River.
COUPS AND DETACHMENTS.
OFFICERS.
ENLISTED MEN.
TOTAL
KILLED AND
WOUNDED.
Killed. Wounded. Killed.
Wounded.
Right Wing
30
16
42
1
100
94
180
2
1
1
3
3
573
308
527
3
3
3
7
17
2,481
1,619
2, 6G3
3
8
5
21
61
3,184
2,037
3, 412
9
12
9
31
i 84
Centre
Left Wing
Staff and Escort of General Commanding
4th U. S. Cavalry
Chicago Board of Trade Battery..
Pioneer Brigade
1st Cavalry Division
3
Total
92 384 1,441 6,861
8,778
..
Very respectfully,
To THE SURGEON GENERAL U. S. ARMY."
EBEN SWIFT, Surgeon, U. S. A.,
Medical Director, Department of the Cumberland.
REPORTS OF SURGEONS BKEBE AND PIIELPS, U. S. V. 259
CCVIII. Extract from a Report of the Casualties of the Centre Division of the Fourteenth
Corps at the Battle of Marfreesboro\ By Surgeon Gr. D. BEEBE, U. S. Volunteers.
* '' From the location of the line of battle, the surrounding country presented very fair facilities for the care of
the wounded, in au abundant supply of water and wood, and a limited supply of good buildings, in which the more formidable
cases could be sheltered and cared for. The ambulance service was well managed, and tbe number of ambulances was found
sufficient for the prompt removal of wounded ; so that in no instance, within my knowledge, were the wounded allowed to
remain on the field over night within our own lines. The supply of hospital tents provided by yourself, added to those in the
hands of the regimental officers, furnished, so far as my observation extended, all the additional shelter needed. The regiments,
for the most part, had a fair supply of medical and hospital stores, which, added to tbe reserve supply in the hands of the
efficient medical purveyor of my corps, Assistant Surgeon H. C. Barrell, enabled us to provide promptly for the wants of all, and
added greatly to the efficiency and success of the medical officers of the command. I cannot too strongly recommend the policy
of having each corps or grand division provided with a good reserve supply for emergencies of this character, with the
demonstration of their efficiency here, and the demonstration of their deficiency at the battle of Champion Hills. In operative
surgery, the medical officers have shown a good degree of skill and ability. The operations have been well made, made
promptly, and have been followed by every promise of success in a large majority of instances. Resection has been resorted to
frequently as a primary operation, and with varied success. In the upper extremity the success is quite uniform, and the same
ma}- be said of this operation below the knee. In the shaft of the femur, I believe amputation is the true conservative course.
From careful observation, I am prepared to recommend, very strongly, the following directions in amputating : first, that in flap
operations the muscular tissue should be cut away or pared off after the flap is made, until the flap is well thinned down, as it
saves, at best, the necessity for this tissue being removed by absorption, and may save the otherwise extensive suppuration of
the stump. Second, that in amputation, and, indeed, all operations involving extensive incisions, the cut surface should be
allowed to remain exposed to the atmosphere fur from three-quarters of an hour to two hours before the stump is closed. This
provides against the formation of coagula between the flaps, which act as foreign substances, and, by allowing the cut surfaces
to glaze with plastic lymph, secures adhesion by first intention in a large number of primary and also secondary operations.
In the field hospitals, but little erysipelas has appeared, and the isolated cases have yielded readily to the topical application of
per-sulphate of iron, and, so far as I know, without loss of life. In the varying fortunes of the fight, a considerable number of
our wounded fell into the hands of the enemy, and, though these received as good care from the Confederate surgeons as did
their own, even this, indeed, was bad enough. Primary operations were, for the most part, omitted by them, and many lives
were, in consequence, lost. Cleanliness was neglected and erysipelas made its appearance in a comparatively large number of
wounds, and some fatality resulted. In our own hospitals, no distinction was known between friend and foe, and all shared
alike in the benefits derived from professional skill and abundant supplies.' The hospital first established for the division of
General Negley was within the enemy's lines, on Wednesday, the 31st, and, for two days following, was a good deal exposed
to fire. Great credit is due to Surgeon R. G. Boguc, 19th Illinois, Surgeon W. P. Johnson, 18th Ohio, and Surgeon J. R.
Bre.lsford, 74th Ohio Volunteers, for the gallantry with which they maintained their position at this hospital, and cared for the
wounded of both armies. In contrast with these and many others, I regret that I am compelled to mention the name of
Assistant Surgeon V. D. Miller, 78th Pennsylvania Volunteers, who, after the fight was over, basely deserted his post, leaving
the hospital under his charge in a most filthy condition, with two dead bodies lying where they died, several hours previous to
his leaving, by the side of wounded men. When expostulated with and urged to remain, he made use of language unbecoming
an officer, and had not the medical officers of another command rendered prompt attention, the men thus deserted must have
suffered greatly. For this prompt attention, and for thorough efficiency under all circumstances, I am under obligations to
Surgeon W. M. Wright, of the 79th Pennsylvania Volunteers. With the single exception above named, the medical officers
were prompt and untiring in the discharge of their laborious duties, and their conduct, as a whole, certainly challenges
admiration."
CCIX. Extracts from Jteports of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Left
Whig of the Fourteenth Corps at the Battle of Murfreesboro* . By Surgeon A. J. PIIELPS,
U. S. Volunteers.
* "On the 9th day of December, 1862, I issued an order upon the organization of field hospitals very similar
to the one issued by Surgeon Letter-man in the army of the Potomac, and accordingly was prepared thus far for the emergency
of a battle. The surgeons of each division were assigned to specific duties — some as operators, some as assistants, etc. It was
decided that the field hospitals should not be placed less than two miles in the rear, so that the manoeuvres of the army
should not necessitate its removal. I also had ten transportation wagons loaded with reserve hospital supplies of such articles
as would be most needed in the event of a battle, or for the construction of roadside hospitals ; these were placed under charge
of the acting medical purveyor of the wing, Assistant Surgeon II. W. Carpenter, DUth Ohio Volunteers. On December 27th,
our forces had a brisk skirmish with the enemy at Lavergne, losing, in killed, two ; wounded, thirty-two. The wounded were
left at Lavergne under charge of a medical officer. On the evening of the '^9th, we came upon the enemy in force two and
three-quarter miles from Murfreesboro'. On December 30th, while our forces were being placed in position, I established one
field hospital for each division of the left wing under the charge of their several medical directors. The Wood's division hospital
was established in the vicinity of the brick house, two and one-half miles to the rear, and on Overall's Creek. Palmer's
division hospital was established at A very'* house, on the Nashville pike also, and near by. ' Van Clcve's division hospital
was established nearly a mile nearer the front, but was removed on the morning of the 31st to the brick house in juxtaposition
with Wood's hospital. To these points were brought the hospital wagons, ambulances, etc., of each division, and also the
reserve supply of hospital stores. Wood's division hospital was constructed entirely of regimental hospital tents; the other
260 APPENDED DOCUMENTS WESTERN ARMIES, .1862.
two had, in addition, the houses above referred to. Thus affairs stood on the 31st. Soon after the battle opened, when the
right wing gave way, the rebel cavalry swung around and captured one hospital, and began to drive off our supplies, and
even despoiled some of our medical officers of their personal property, but it was only a brief period before the hospital and
property were recaptured by a dash of our own cavalry. As the battle progressed it became necessary for us to accommodate a
very large number of wounded from the centre and right, whose temporary hospitals, and some of whose surgeons, fell into the
lines of the enemy. Our accommodations be3oming speedily exhausted, we were fortunate in getting control of a large
proportion of the hospital tents that were so wisely brought in the rear train from Nashville. These were pitched, and long
sheds were formed from their flies; by all these means it is estimated that we accommodated at these three hospitals not lets
than four thousand five hundred wounded. However, we were very much relieved by the order which was given to send
all the slightly wounded immediately to the rear at Nashville. In the several days' battle which succeeded, our losses were
essentially as follows :
Officers killed 39
Officers wounded 166
205
Non-commissioned officers and privates killed 535
Non-commissioned officers and privates wounded 2, 614
3, 149
Total 3,354
I cannot express myself in terms too strong of the activity, faithfulness and efficiency of the medical officers of this wing.
They all acquitted themselves with credit. Surgeon W. W. Blair, 58th Indiana Volunteers, and acting medical director of
Wood's division, deserves special mention. The' perfect order of his hospitals and the success of his operations sufficiently
recommend him for any position as director of hospitals or division. In like manner I would speak of the efficiency of Surgeon
M. G. Sherman, 9th Indiana Volunteers, as medical director of Palmer's division; also, M. C. Woodworth, surgeon 51st Ohio
Volunteers, as medical director of Van Cleve's division. I would also mention favorably Surgeon A. W. Heise, of the 100th
Illinois Volunteers and Surgeon J. 13. Armstrong, 31st Indiana Volunteers, Surgeon E. B. Glick, 40th Indiana Volunteers, and
Surgeon S. H. Kersey, 36th Indiana Volunteers, who have been recommended highly to my notice by their respective medical
directors in their official communications ; but I would not do myself justice did I not again report in this connection that it
would be difficult to single out any number of medical officers whose services did not merit the commendation of the most
exacting. Surgeon J. T. Wood, 99th Ohio Volunteers, and Surgeon C. J. Walton, 21st Kentucky Volunteers, did the largest
part of the operating, perhaps, at the 3d division hospital. There were, in all, nine regular operating tables, beside dressing
tables upon which some amputations were performed; consequently a large number of the operations were essentially primary.
A consultation was held over each case previous to operation, and, in many instances, the limb was examined afterward.
Amputation was resorted to in those cases in which the limb was shattered, and in which the knee joint was seriously implicated,
without hesitation. At the same time it was recognized as a fact, that it sometimes requires exceedingly nice examination to
determine an injury of the joint sufficient to discard all hope of good from conservatism, and consequently there are riot less
than six instances of very suspicious cases of gunshot wounds, apparently implicating the knee joint, that are doing well.
Exsection was performed in a number of cases, most generally of a little more consequence than removing comminuted bone.
Occasionally a large proportion of the shaft of the bones were removed, particularly of the upper extremity. I consider
exsections in the case of the shaft of the femur, should very generally give way to amputation. I cannot give the number of
resections of joints that were made. I witnessed two of the elbow joint. The subsequent treatment of the wounded which
has only extended through a few days, has determined me in the opinion I have heretofore entertained, that a surgeon is culpable
in placing wounded men in a house when he has a tent at his command. There is no mistaking the difference between the
wounded cared for in a tent after a week has elapsed, and one who has been breathing the confined air of a house room, no
matter what have been the attempts at ventilation. Very soon those patients of ours who were treated in the houses began to
show symptoms of erysipelas, pyrcmia and secondary haemorrhage. On the other hand, cases of perforating wounds of the
lungs in the tents, have rallied and bid fair for recovery; and cases of amputations of the arm were walking around on the
seventh day. Erysipelas cases were isolated as soon as possible. The most successful treatment appeared to be large doses of
the tincture of chloride of iron internally, tincture of iodine to the surface of the wound, and a weak solution of creosote
applied by saturating cloths and keeping them constantly renewed to the contiguous surface.
As a result of my observations during this battle, of the great amount of suffering that was prevented by the reserve
supply of tents and of hospital stores, I would recommend that this supply shall be constantly held in readiness and accompany
the army in its advance against the enemy. I would also suggest, as a general rule, the sphere of greatest usefulness for the
eurgeon is at the hospital, in case of a severe and protracted battle ; and that, therefore, not more than two medical officers
to a brigade should be permitted to go on the field. And finally, I would suggest the necessity of having every regimental
hospital organized with its full set of nurses, who shall be properly drilled and prepared under the orders of the surgeons,
to render their services as attendants and dressers, and to feel their responsibilities on these trying and laborious occasions.
But I must not neglect to report my entire satisfaction of the preliminary organization of field hospitals that I adopted,
and recommend it to others. With the monthly medical reports of the Fourteenth Corps for January, I
forwarded a complete list of killed and wounded, which shows a loss of three thousand four hundred and fifty-five for the
left wing, about twenty-five per centum of whom were either killed or mortally wounded. * * On December 9th, I issued
fin order on the organization of field hospitals very .similar to that issued by Dr. Letterman on the Potomac. This order
directed that, in case of a battle, the field hospitals should ordinarily be placed at not le.ss than two miles to the rear, in order
that the manccuvering of the army should not necessitate their removal, which proved to be no unnecessary precaution. I also
had ten transportation wagons loaded with a reserve hospital supply of such articles as would be most needed, for the purpose
EEPOET OF SURGEON PIIELPS, U. S. V. 261
of furnishing a roadside hospital to accommodate as many as five hundred bad cases of wounded or sick. These stores were
placed under the charge of an acting medical purveyor. : * On December 27th, \ve had a brisk skirmish at Lavergne,
losing two killed and thirty-two wounded. On December 30th, while our forces were being placed in position, each division
director established his hospital in proximity with the others three miles to the rear. To this point were brought the hospital
wagons, ambulances, etc., of each division, and also the reserve supplies for the corps. One of the division hospitals was
constructed entirely of regimental hospital tents and flies. Each of the others had a house in addition to their tents. Thus
affairs stood when the battle opened on the 31st. Early on that morning, the right wing of our army gave way, and the
rebel cavalry swung around to the left and captured our hospitals and supplies ; but they were recaptured after a brief
time by a dash from our own cavalry, and we soon had a large number of wounded from all portions of the army under
our care. Recognizing the advantages of primary operations, where an operation was, beyond doubt, necessary, nine
operating tables were devoted entirely to this purpose. A consultation was held over each case previous to operating, and
in many instances the limb was examined afterward. But, I regret to say that a few operations of doubtful propriety
were performed, by surgeons whose only claim to a place in the hospital consisted in having some of their wounded there.
But this operative interference was not tolerated when discovered. ^Where the most commonly received conditions which
require amputation, such as a shattered limb, destruction of blood vessels and nerves with fracture, or serious injury of
the kne'e joint was present, amputation was performed immediately. But, as in all battles, there were many cases that
presented themselves, in which general rules were of but little avail in arriving at a satisfactory opinion as to the proper course
to pursue. ' Among these were, first, compound comminuted fractures of the thigh; second, wounds of the knee joint and
vicinity. ^Without attempting to quote authors upon the subject, it is a very generally received opinion that gunshot wounds of
the thigh, with comminution of the bone, require amputation; and there are surgeons in this army who now speak very
disparagingly of any attempt at saving a limb, when wounded, in this manner/] But my observation in such cases, during the
recent battle, convinces me of the propriety of conservative surgery, and of its great advantages over operative, and I am led
to think that the apology, that surgery in the field requires to be modified to accord with so many unfavorable circumstances,
should not be tolerated to the extent that it is. I beg to refer to the accompanying reports of cases of this class of injury,
reported from one of the division hospitals under my direction. It will be seen that twenty-two cases are reported, in all of
which, with the exception of four cases, union, or a reasonable expectation of union, had taken place within thirty-five days.
It will be seen that the treatment was very simple. Those spiculae only were removed that were entirely detached, and the
fractured bones were kept in their normal position by means of the double inclined plane. I am better satisfied with this form
of splint than any other, the weight of the body keeps up a gradual counter-extension, and it is very simple of construction.
I heartily endorse the observation of Doctor Ileise, that 'the result of these few cases, so much at variance with the experience
of all military surgeons, will be one more reason to encourage a hope for a favorable result from conservative treatment of those
unfortunate cases. Judging from these few cases, the mortality is much less than the statistics of amputation of the thigh in
military surgery are found to be.' Gunshot wounds of the knee and ankle joint are another class of cases to which the general
rule of amputation has been held to apply, especially those of the knee joint. I believe the principle to hold good, in cases of
wounds of the knee joint, where the ball lodges in the joint, or where the articular extremities of the bones arc comminuted,
but I do not think it does when there is mere perforation, nor do I believe that a conical ball, passing through the head of the
tibia, necessarily produces a longitudinal fracture into the joint. The same remarks will, more readily, apply to wounds
involving the ankle joint. By reference to the accompanying list of cases, it will be observed that there are five cases, one was
doubtful, of wounds of the knee joint reported, where conservative surgery was tried, with the loss of one case. Such results
should certainly cause us to reflect seriously before adopting the general rule to amputate in all cases Avhere this joint is
implicated. There are many wounds apparently Involving the knee joint that do not. It seems that the shape of this articula
tion favors the deflection of balls in an extraordinary degree, and this would add one more reason for an exceedingly careful
examination in these cases ; and in all cases of doubt, to cause the surgeon to give the limb the benefit of that doubt. The ratio
of success in amputations of those who make the fullest reports is flattering. Doctor Heise reports six amputations, three were
Confederates, of the upper third of the thigh, without success. In amputations of the lower part of the thigh, he reports success
in sixty per centum of cases. In amputations of the leg, he reports eighty per centum of success. In amputations of the arm,
he reports nine cases, all of which were successful; also, one case of successful shoulder joint amputation. Of all who have
reported, Doctor Heise has had the largest experience by far, in amputations. Doctor Walton's success in thigh amputations
equals that of Doctor Heise, but in other amputations he does not compare so favorably, neither had he the same advantages to
operate early. As his tabular statement will show, almost all liis operations were performed three or four days after the injury
was received. I find that the terms resection and exsection are very vaguely applied by surgeons, very generally meaning but
little more than the removal of comminuted bone. The only resections of joints performed, to my knowledge, were those of
the elbow, shoulder, and ankle joints. In four cases of resection of elbow joint all were successful ; one case of resection of the
shoulder joint was unsuccessful; one case of resection of ankle joint was successful. The resection of head of the humerus
was a secondary operation, with bad prospects at the time of operation. In wounds with comminution of bone, it is my opinion
that too much pains were taken to remove all the fragments of bone, without reference to the amount of their muscular and
periosteal attachments, and too much stress was laid upon the necessity of removing the spiculated extremities of fractured
bones. When it becomes necessary to remove the shaft of a bone, I believe that every advantage practicable should be taken
of the muscular planes, and that all violence-to the tissues in the immediate vicinity of the bone should be avoided that is
possible. I saw two resections in the shaft of the femur, both died. Resections of the tibia, humerus, radius, and ulna, did
well. In flu- wounds of the chest reported, I have been careful to include none as penetrating, unless upon satisfactory
evidence. Seven of these cases are reported, with success in four; and four cases of non-penetrating wounds of the chest with
complete success. 1 am of the opinion that penetrating wounds of the lung, provided the missile does not lodge \\itliin
the chest walls, are not so fatal as formerly believed. Mach-od says, in eli'ect, 'that after exhausting all the science of
surgery, venesections, etc., these wounds proved uniformly fatal,' and I do not wonder that it should be so, for their science of
262 APPENDED DOCUMENTS WESTERN ARMIES, 18(52.
surgery in this instance was altogether in the line of antiphlogistics, and the terrors of inflammation were ever present in their
imaginations. Our treatment of these cases was very simple : cold water dressings to the wounds externally, perfect rest, and
full doses of opium. If the pulse began to run high, tincture of veratrum viride was used. Our observations of wounds of the
abdominal cavity and its viscera are very -limited. Four cases only were reported, of which two were fatal, the other two are
exceedingly interesting; in both of them the bowels protruded, and in one the omentum sloughed. When the omentum in
these wounds has become strangulated and congestion of the external mass has become established, it should be allowed to
slough off, as the inflammation which will then exist at the point of constriction, will be much less dangerous than that which
will result in case the wound be enlarged and the tumor be returned.
Erysipelatous inflammation attacked many of the wounds, but it did not prevail so extensively in the tents as in the
houses. Generally it yielded readily to the treatment adopted, viz.: internally, muriated tincture of iron in large doses, repeated
frequently, twenty drops every two or three hours ; externally, as a local application, tincture of iodine, and cloths saturated in
solution of creosote ; the former to the wound and inflamed surface, the latter a little more extensively to the limb. In a few
cases of amputation, gangrenous ulceration attacked the stump ; also secondary haemorrhage took place, and, in spite of every
thing, death usually supervened. It was remarked, that in all these respects, the Confederate wounded were much more afflicted
than our own. They evidently do not possess the recuperative powers of our own men, notwithstanding their general appear
ance was good. I could account for this difference in the recuperative power of the two classes of soldiers only from the fact
that their vital powers were really impaired by the want of a variety in their camp diet, a necessity that is beginning to be fully
realized, in order to insure the good health and vigor of an army. The complication of tetanus presented itself, but not to a great
extent. When decided, however, death, as usual, resulted, excepting in one case that came under my direct observation. In
this case, there was distinct opisthotonos. I was informed that in several instances it threatened, and was arrested by the free
use of opium externally and internally; but I judge that these were merely cases of nervous irritability. Chloroform was used
freely without any fatal accident; but I conceived that those cases did not finally do so well which were kept under its influence
for a length of time, and I am of the opinion that when used, the patient should be kept under its influence merely long enough
to last through the severest part of the operations. I believe that when a patient is kept under its full influence for a long time
that his chances of recovery are thereby lessened. * * The method of amputation employed was, very generally, the flap.
Those cases of flap operation, however, that approached nearest to the circular method did best, and I have thought that our
success would be greater if the circular method was adopted more generally. The only hope we have of an entire success is
union by the first intention in the flap operation, and this depends upon the subsequent attention of the surgeon. We can
seldom expect to realize it while we have to depend upon inexperienced nurses for dressers. The weight of an unsupported
flap will invariably break those tender bonds of union that nature so readily attempts. I have long since concluded, in
my own mind, that a surgeon is culpable who will place wounded or sick men in houses, when he has tents at his command.
My observations, after the recent battle, has confirmed me in this opinion. The contrast in the appearance and recovery of our
patients, between those treated in houses and those treated in tents, was sensible to the most casual observer. The greatest
mortality, in all classes of wounds by far, was reported from the houses, while those who were treated in tents retained their
color, appetite, and cheerfulness. I remember to have seen among those treated in tents, three cases of amputation of the arm,
walking around at the end of six days, and also one case of shoulder joint amputation, who walked about in camp on the
twelfth day. In the event of another battle, I shall recommend to the general commanding, that each regiment shall leave,
subject to the order of the medical director, a number of quarter tents proportionate to the number of wounded in their command,
with which a very good field hospital can be constructed, to accommodate all the severely wounded, where they can be more
successfully as well as more satisfactorily treated. I enjoy feelings of intense satisfaction, when I reflect upon the amount of
suffering that was avoided by having on hand the reserve hospital supply referred to in the first part of this report. I made
this train an institution of the corps, and have the wagons included in the headquarters train, so that the supplies will always be
ready for any emergency that might suddenly present itself. The preliminary organization of a field hospital is a subject that
should immediately engage the attention of every medical director. It goes a great way to obviate the great confusion that
seems to be inevitable, when thousands of wounded men are suddenly brought under his care. It creates for him a system that
he can put into operation anywhere, and under any circumstances. By this precaution upon our part, we were enabled to take
care of over one thousand wounded men of other commands beside our own, and with the disadvantages of a small medical
corps. This report has been made after cautiously comparing observations and collecting facts. Most of the statistics are
from the first division hospital of this corps. My other two hospitals were removed, in a great measure, from my control several
days after the fight, and their reports are deficient in every respect. I take great pleasure in speaking of Surgeons W. W. Blair,
58th Indiana Volunteers, M. G. Sherman, 9th Indiana Volunteers, and M. C. Woodworth, 51st Ohio Volunteers, who were the
acting division medic:il directors; and also of the truly surgical abilities of Surgeon Heise, KiUth Illinois, Surgeon Todd, 65th
Ohio Volunteers, Surgeon Walton, <!lst Kentucky Volunteers, and Surgeon Armstrong of the 31st Indiana Volunteers. All the
Burgeons acquitted themselves in a highly creditable manner."
OCX. Extracts from a Report of the Medical Staff of the First Division of the Twenty-first
Corps at the Battle of Stone's River. By Surgeon W. W. BLAIR, 58th Indiana Volunteers.
"In regard to the supplies, I would say that they met our wants admirably. I do not think it possible to
have had a better selection than wa< furnished to the left wing. The organization of the hospital department of this division
was in accordance with the order issued at Nashville by Medical Director Murray on November 15, 18t>2, excepting that
although the musicians, chaplains and ambulance drivers only wore detailed for bringing the wounded from the field, men
would frequently, notwithstanding tin- positive orders to the contrary, leave the ranks to bring off a wounded man — not so
much to get the wounded man off as to get away themselves. In one division there were nine hundred and eighteen wounded
imd two hundred and twenty-live killed. We succeeded in collecting our wounded at our own hospitals promptly. We had,
EEPORTS OF SURGEONS BLAIR AND SHERMAN. 263
in addition to our own men, about three hundred of other divisions and of Confederates. * * Three operating staffs were
constantly at work taking care of the graver cases. These staffs each consisted of one surgeon and three assistants. * *
All assistant surgeons that were left, hospital stewards and experienced nurses, were employed in dressing the slighter wounds.
I required the junior medical officers to exchange positions with each other from day to day. I arrested all stragglers who
came about my camp, placed them under the control of a slightly wounded officer, and required them to do police duty — supply
wood, water, straw, forage, etc. By the use of the flies of the larger tents, I was able to make a large and commodious
shelter, capable of sheltering at least three hundred men. My record of cases is made from the report of Surgeon A.
W. Heise, 100th Illinois Volunteers, whom I left in charge of the hospital after the first three weeks, and to whose efficiency
and skill as a surgeon it gives me great pleasure to bear testimony. We had of compound comminuted fracture of the femur
twelve cases, * * three involving the trochanter major, all of which terminated fatally; two from pyaemia, and the third
from tetanus. One of the cases of fracture in the lower third terminated fatally from pneumonia, bony union having taken
place perfectly in twenty-eight days. : * In these cases the principal blood vessels had escaped injury. The treatment
pursued was as follows: All fragments of bone completely separated by the force of the projectile were carefully removed by
making an incision if necessary, but fragments retaining connection by the periosteum were not removed, and in only two cases
were sequestra thrown off during the process of suppuration. The fractured bones being brought to their normal position,
were maintained there by the use of the double-inclined splint, which I had manufactured upon the ground, fulfilling, to a
considerable degree, the indications both of extension and counter-extension. ' The shortening of the limbs thus treated
was from one to two and three-quarter inches. During the process of suppuration, a sustaining treatment was adopted to its
full extent. Whiskey punch was given regularly, with the most gratifying result. Amputations of the superior extremity
were very satisfactory, for in ten cases none died. * The amputations of the inferior extremities were as follows : Of upper
third of femur, six, all of whom died; of the lower third of the thigh, ten, four of whom died; of the leg, twenty-eight, six
proving fatal. I have a minute of fourteen wounds of the chest by musket balls. Of these, four were non-penetrating, the
balls having passed around the chest underneath the integument, and emerged from the opposite side. All of them recovered.
In five cases balls passed through the apex of the lung, and all recovered. In five cases the ball passed through the base
of the lung. Of these, four died within forty-eight hours ; the other died in ten days from pysomia. A number of resections
were performed, and with the happiest results. In no case do I remember an unfavorable result. This imperfect review
is in favor of conservative surgery. Our wounded were treated exclusively in tents, and under the shelter abovementioned;
and on comparing the results of our cases with those of the patients treated in houses, I consider the use of tents decidedly
preferable. The difference is due chiefly to the greater purity of the air breathed. * * In the late battle I committed the
keeping of the records to an assistant surgeon ; but the task proved entirely too great for him, or else I did not get the right
man in the right place. We; were thrown into some confusion, too, by the rebels having possession of our hospital for a short
time during the forenoon of the first day's fighting. * I give a synopsis of the killed and wounded, showing the ratio
of men killed that were hit : The 26th Ohio Volunteers had fourteen killed and ninety-six wounded, a ratio of one-eighth ; the
58th Indiana had fourteen killed and ninety-seven wounded, or one-eighth ; the 3d Kentucky had fourteen killed and eighty-six
wounded, or one-seventh ; the 100th Illinois had eight killed and twenty-two wounded, or one-fourth ; the 15th Indiana had
forty-one killed and one hundred and thirty-five wounded, or one-fourth ; the 40th Indiana had six killed and fifty-one wounded,
or one-ninth ; the,5?th Indiana had eleven killed and fifty-six wounded, or one-sixth ; the D7th Ohio had three killed and fourteen
wounded, or one-sixth ; the 51st Indiana had seven killed and thirty-four wounded, or one-sixth ; the 7;>d Indiana had twenty-
live killed and forty-eight wounded, or one-third ; the filth Ohio had twenty three killed and sixty-five wounded, or one-fourth ;
the G5th Ohio had thirty-four killed and one hundred and twenty-six wounded, or one-fifth ; the 13th Michigan had twenty-two
killed and sixty-seven wounded, or one-fourth ; and the artillery, three killed and twenty-one wounded, or one-eighth ; or a total
of two hundred and twenty-five killed and nine hundred and eighteen wounded."
CCXI. Report on the (Casualties of the Second Division of the Left Wing of the Army of
the Cumberland at the Battle of Murfreesbord* . l>y Surgeon M. G. SHERMAN, 9tli Indiana
Volunteers, Acting Medical Director.
"Silt: As acting medical director of your division, I have the honor to respectfully submit the following report of
casualties in the several days' battle before Murfreesboro'. In the first brigade there were forty-three killed and one hundred
and eighty-five wounded; in the second brigade fifty were killed and two hundred and ninety-two wounded, and in the third
brigade eighty-nine were killed and four hundred and eighty-four wounded ; making a total loss in killed and wounded of
eleven hundred and forty-three men. From the fact that our hospital was nearer the battle-field than any other, we were,
during the fight, necessarily crowded with the wounded from other divisions, making our duties very responsible and laborious,
and I cannot, in justice, submit this report without making honorable mention of all the medical officers of your division. They
have shown themselves equal to their responsible duties, and have been untiring in their efforts both day and night to alleviate
the sufferings of the wounded who have come under their notice, and more especially would I make honorable mention of
Surgeon James B. Armstrong, 31st Indiana Volunteers, of the 1st brigade, and Surgeon Silas H. Kersey, 36th Indiana Volun
teers, of the 3d brigade, who were selected as operating surgeons, and they have proved themselves abundantly competent for
the task, and have not allowed themselves one moment's rest while the suffering needed their attention. Their devotion to
their suffering fellow soldiers should win for them the esteem and unbounded confidence of all who know them.
Very respectfully,
M. G. SI IK KM AN,
General J. M. PAI.MF.J;, U. S. V." Surf/con 9th Indiana I'uhint'.crs, Medical Director.
264 APPENDED DOCUMENTS WESTERN ARMIES, 1802.
CCXII. Extracts from a Report on the Surgery in the Fourteenth Army Corps after the
Battle of Jtfurfreesbord* . By Surgeon 0. J. WALTON, 21st Kentucky Volunteers.
* * * "Amputation of the thigh was performed seven times, in no case above the middle third. Three of the seven
patients died within a week after the operations. Each of these fatal cases was in bad condition for the operation, the leg and
knee of each being very much swollen, and presenting an erysipelatous blush. In one, a conical musket ball was lodged in the
popliteal space; in another, there was a large collection of fluid in the knee joint; in the third, mortification was threatened.
* * Amputation of the leg in the upper third was performed in four cases, with two deaths. One died on the third day after the
operation, not having recovered fully from the shock of the wound. His foot was torn off by a shell, and the tibia and fibula
laid bare for two-thirds of their length. The other died on the seventh day from tetanus. Amputation of the arm was per
formed in two instances; one in the lower, and the other in the upper third. In the fatal case, there was a very severe wound
in the right cheek, jaw, and neck. There was one amputation of the fore-arm at the middle, which was successful. The stump
became erysipelatous about the fourth day, but this complication disappeared under the use of a saturnine lotion. Excision of
the humerus was performed in seven cases. Two terminated fatally. The first was the case of a captured officer, wounded by
a ball passing through both thighs and the scrotum ; a ball had also passed through the neck wounding the oesophagus. He would
probably have died from his wounds had his arm not been injured. The other was a most unpromising case, that of a man
who had been wounded five days previously. The wound, a ghastly one, produced by a shell, involved the greater part of the
shoulder, lacerating the pectoralis major muscle, comminuting the head of the humerus and glenoid cavity and acromion
process of the scapula, laying open the back part of the shoulder, and producing a transverse fracture of the humerus at the
junction of the upper with the middle third. The upper part of the humerus was softened and loosely attached. We removed
it and the fragments about the joint. The parts were brought together with sutures and adhesive strips. A bandage was then
applied, making a fair looking wound. He seemed comfortable for three days, when pysemia set in. He died on the
seventh day from the operation. Although much reduced when I first saw him, nature was making an effort to repair the
injury, and had he been timely operated upon, he might have been saved. In our excisions we removed primary sequestra. * *
Sharp points of the bones were removed with the saw or the bone forceps. The parts were neatly brought together with sutures,
and the bandage coaptating the ends of the bones as nearly as practicable. Resection of the metacarpal bones was performed in
several cases, but with what success I do not know. * ' My assistants performed some of the operations. I was assisted by my
friends, Surgeon T. G. Hickman, 8th Tennessee Cavalry, Surgeon W. 1:5. Gary, Surgeon W. G. Workman and Surgeon J. M.
Henderson. * To Surgeon Hickman I entrusted the chloroform, which he administered with skill and caution. Each of
my ass'stants did his duty in a becoming manner. We administered chloroform in every painful operation, but did not keep
the patients under its influence longer than was absolutely necessary, withdrawing it as soon as the cutting was completed. It
was administered in the examination of three wounds only, all others being examined without it. While I could not dispense
with chloroform, I must protest against the extravagant and indiscreet use of it. * * In no case were we displeased with its
effects. I must be pardoned for stating that the chaplain of the 21st Kentucky Volunteers, T. M. Gunn, rendered the most
efficient service during our arduous labors, and that too much praise cannot be awarded to Thomas J. Scott, hospital steward of the
21st Kentucky Volunteers, for his vigilance and activity in providing for the comfort of the wounded."
CCXIII. Extract from a Report of Casualties in the Right Wing of the Fourteenth, Army
Corps at Murfreesboro? By Surgeon C. MCDEKMONT, U. S. Volunteers.
"Throughout the protracted struggle the surgeons exerted their utmost energies in alleviating the suffering of
the wounded. When, on the second day of the battle, it became evident that our hospitals would fall into possession of the
enemy, [ directed a sufficient number of medical officers and attendants to remain in charge, and, under no circumstances, to
desert the wounded. They were exposed to much danger as the contending armies swept past, but remained faithfully at their
posts, and were unceasing in their attention to the wounded during the three days that elapsed before the hospitals were
recovered. The enemy took a large portion of their medical and hospital supplies, instruments, and dressings and bedding.
The families near our lines showed much kind attention to our wounded, and no violence was experienced at the hands of the
Confederate soldiers. I can bear testimony to the efficiency and self-denial of the medical officers of the Fourteenth Corps.
During a week of hardships and exposure they labored day and night regardless of their own safety and comfort, and anxious
only for the well being of the wounded under their care. The casualties in the right wing amounted to six hundred and eight
killed, and two thousand six hundred and forty-seven wounded."
CCXIV. Extracts from a Medical Report on the Marfreesboro'' Campaign. By Surgeon S.
O. HIMOE, 15th Wisconsin Volunteers.
'This regiment left Louisville on October 1, 1862, and participated in the campaign in Kentucky during that
month,, under the command of General IJuell, being continually on the inarch. * * We suffered comparatively little from
disease, there being only a few cases of diarrhoea and intermittent fever. During November and December, the regiment wae
most of the time in camp, in the vicinity of Nashville, with good shelter, food, and water. A few cases of diarrhoea, contracted
during the campaign in Kentucky, having become ohronic and resulting in serious organic lesions, died, and the remainder
yielded readily to the use of laxatives and anodynes. The periodic fevers prevailing at the same time were readily cured by
the usual remedies. On December 30th, we met the enemy at Stone's River, about four miles from Murfreesboro'. We had
heavy skirmishing during the afternoon of that day, and we lost five men killed and nineteen wounded. The latter were
conveyed to the house of Mr. Grisson, about three-fourths of a mile in the rear, and properly cared for." * * *
REPORT OF SURGEON IT. 0. BARRELL. 265
.Krtmcts from a Report on the Medical Purveying at the 1> attic, of Murfreesboro^.
Bv Assistant Surgeon II. C. BARRELL, 27th Illinois Volunteers.
* * * " I will briefly narrate a ew of the occurrences that came under my personal observation during the battle of
Stone's River. I will premise with a short explanatory statement. I was detached from my regiment, Decemher 9, 1862, as
medical purveyor for General G. H. Thomas's corps, by order of Surgeon R. Murray, U. S. A., and had just returned from
Louisville, where I had procured a large supply of medical and hospital stores. These were to be used only in the event of
battle, or in any pressing emergency, and were to accompany the army in its advance, thus insuring at all times a sufficient
amount of medical supplies to meet any demand. The wants of the army being so great, and transportation limited, it was
with extreme difficulty and only after protracted delay that I was able to obtain the necessary wagons. I left Nashville on
Tuesday night, December 30th, with eleven wagon-loads of supplies. General Mitchell sent with the train the 10th Michigan
Volunteers, and on Wednesday afternoon, at two o'clock, we arrived within a few miles of the scene of action. There was
great confusion consequent upon the repulse of our right wing and the frequent attacks of the rebel cavalry in the rear, and I
found it impossible to proceed further with the train. The road was completely blocked by wagons returning to Nashville, and
among them a great many ambulances, which the drivers, either through misapprehension of orders or through cowardice, had
turned in that direction, thus depriving the wounded of their much needed services. A great many of these wagons were
burned, and in many of them all of the three-months' medical supply of a regiment. Nearly all of the stores of the medical
purveyor of the right wing had fallen into the hands of the enemy, and my arrival was most opportune. ' ' At Lavergne,
a small town half way between Nashville and Murfreesboro', many of the subsistence trains were destroyed, and the army was
suffering severely in consequence. The scarcity of food was so great that during the battle, in some of the regiments, the men
ate the flesh of mules slain in action. * * Thursday morning I commenced issuing medicines and stores ; but, as the hospital
at which I was stationed was not considered perfectly safe from the enemy's attacks, it was deemed prudent not to remove any
thing from the wagons, and in fact it was necessary twice during the day to retire further within the lines. * * In the
evening the supplies were unloaded, and from that time till a few days after our occupation of Murfreesboro' I was constantly
busied in issuing supplies. The amount of nourishment for the wounded was limited. ; The concentrated beef was used
very largely, and was much sought after. The supply of milk was chiefly that known as solidified or granulated, as prepared
in Dutchess County, New York, and was not much liked. The concentrated milk prepared by Borden was much preferred by
medical officers. On arriving in Murfreesboro' we found the public and many of the private houses occupied by the enemy's
wounded, which, in their hasty retreat, they were compelled to leave. They were almost destitute of medicines, and to keep
them supplied I drew very largely upon our stores. There was a great scarcity of stimulants among them, and it was necessary
to issue a great amount from our depot. The town being so crowded, it was found necessary to transport a great number of the
wounded to Nashville, where, in the commodious hospitals of that city, they could receive the necessary attention. From the
crowded condition of the hospitals and the impossibility of completely isolating such cases, erysipelas and hospital gangrene
soon occurred, and there was considerable mortality from these causes. I do not think the bromine treatment was adopted until
the arrival of Surgeon B. Woodward, 22d Illinois Volunteers, from Louisville. He had used it largely and with unprecedented
success. Very few cases of tetanus occurred notwithstanding the great number of the wounded and their exposure to the
inclemency of the weather. I was informed by Surgeon .1. F. Finley, 2d Kentucky Cavalry, who had charge of one of the
largest of the field hospitals, that, contrary to the usual opinion, more tetanus occurred in the house than in the tented portion
of the hospital. In my position as purveyor, requiring my presence with my stores, constantly issuing supplies, I had,
necessarily, limited opportunities for professional observation, both as regards operations in the field and subsequent hospital
treatment." *
CCXVL Report on the Operations of the Medical Department at the Battle of Chickamauga.
By Surgeon G. PEKIX, IT. S. Army, Medical Director.
HEADQUAHTEKS DEPARTMENT OF THE CUMBERLAND, MEDICAL DIRECTOR'S OFFICE,
CHATTANOOGA, TENNESSEE, February 25, 1864.
"SiR: I have the honor to transmit herewith a nominal list of the wounded at the battle of Chickamauga, together with
reports from the medical directors of the corps and divisions, giving brief accounts of such points as relate to the operations
of the medical department. In this place I would beg leave to review briefly the medical history of the movement which led
to the great battle of Chickamauga, as well as to add some further details of what occurred during and subsequent to that event.
Soon after joining this army in February, 18(53, my attention was directed first to the diet of the men, the method of cooking,
etc., which resulted in the publication of Department General Order No. 76. The medical officers generally took a great
interest in this matter, and I may safely say the health of the command was much improved in consequence. While this subject
was receiving the attention it deserved, a large tent hospital was established near the railroad, on the bank of Stone's River,
of capacity sufficient to accommodate fifteen hundred patients. This hospital was provided, as far as practicable, with movable
furniture, such as light cots of the Chicago pattern, bed-sacks, camp kettles, etc. As soon as the tents were erected, patients
were sent to that point instead of to the hospitals in the town of Murfreesboro'. A large garden was planted near the field
hospital, which soon afforded an abundant supply of vegetables. Ambulance trains were organized in accordance with the
provisions of Department General Order No. 41, and subsequently modified by paragraph one, Department General Order
No. 26, series 18(5:*. I will remark, in this connection, that the ambulance trains were generally well served in this organization ;
but there were grave defects, among which I may mention that the ambulance master was not a commissioned officer, and could
not exercise the authority necessary to secure efficiency; next, there were no men detailed to assist in placing the wounded in
or taking tlieai out of the ambulances. The ambulances were receipted for and held under the control of the quartermaster's
266
APPENDED DOCUMENTS — WESTERN ARMIES, 1803.
department. The regimental ambulances were found to be almost useless for general service in transporting wounded, because
they were used as carriages and for transporting personal baggage and other freights, so that, when required for legitimate use,
thev were either out of order or the animals were broken clown. So seriously were these defects experienced, that I recom
mended for adoption the plan of an ambulance corps and train arranged upon the same basis as that in use in the army of the
Potomac. See Department General Order No 2, current series. In the month of May and early in June the regiments drew
supplies for three months. Reserve supplies were also provided for each army corps, consisting mostly of those articles
required for the treatment of wounded men and a reserve supply of hospital tents. Each regiment was allowed a hospital tent.
During the mouth of May, the sick were sent to Nashville as fast as a due regard to their welfare would permit, so that by the
time the army was ready to make the advance, there was enough room in the various hospitals at Murfreesboro' to accommodate
all that could not march. The buildings used as hospitals in the town were vacated first that they might be thoroughly aired
and purified by whitewashing. These buildings were not reoccupied until the wounded brought from the battle-fields of the
Gaps were placed in them. The medical officers, after the experience of Shiloh, Perryville, and Stone's Eiver, were alive to
the necessity of thorough organization, and cheerfully acquiesced in the adoption of the plan proposed in Circular No. 4 from
the Surgeon General's Office. The command, prior to setting out on the campaign, was in fair health, the sickness being but
five per centum. This rate remained about the same until the men were able to procure blackberries, which were very
abundant, and green corn, when it diminished to about four per cent., and continued at that rate until after the battle of
Chickamauga. When the army marched from Murfreesboro' on June 24th, everything that related to preparations in the
medical department for a vigorous campaign was in readiness and as complete in appointment as could be desired. Skirmishing
witli the enemy was quite brisk at Hoover's and Liberty Gaps, June 25th and 20th. As the result of these encounters, together
with the subsequent pursuit of the enemy as far as the foot of the Cumberland chain of mountains, about four hundred wounded
had to be provided for; these were mostly sent to Murfreesboro'. At Tullahoma a number of tents abandoned by the enemy
were erected for men broken down on the march, and a building constructed for a hotel, of capacity sufficient for one hundred
beds, was opened as a hospital. Four hospital tents were erected in the hospital yard for wounded men. A few days after
the occupancy of Tullahoma the railroad was repaired, and such of the sick and wounded as could bear removal were sent to
the rear. As the Twenty-first Corps occupied the line of the railway to McMinnville, I directed Surgeon A. J. Phelps, U. S. V.,
medical director, to open temporary hospitals at Manchester and at McMinnville, making use of his reserve supplies for this
purpose. The Fourteenth Corps established itself at Decherd, at the same time occupying the town of Winchester. A few
hospital tents were erected at Winchester, and a church
and school-house were occupied as temporary hospitals.
A division of the Twentieth Corps was pushed forward
on the line of the railroad, the advance occupying Ste
venson, about July 25th. In order to insure ample
hospital accommodations, as well as to be prepared for
a general advance, I directed that half of the field hos
pital at Murfreesboro' be brought to Cowan, a small
town at the foot of the Cumberland Mountains. This
was accomplished, and the hospital made ready for the
reception of patients several days before the army crossed
the mountain. As soon as the army took up its march
for the valley of the Tennessee Eiver, I directed the
remainder of the Murfreesboro' field hospital to be trans
ferred to Stevenson, Alabama ; *and upon the occupancy
of Bridgeport, Alabama, I directed that a small tent
hospital be established at that point also. During these
movements the hospital train was running regularly to
Nashville, where all proper cases for hospital treatment
that could bear removal were sent. The tent hospitals
were thus kept comparatively empty until the order was
given to march. The supplies for these hospitals were
brought from Nashville and Murfreesboro', leaving the
reserve supplies for the corps almost untouched. Noth
ing of special interest transpired while the army lay on
the north side of the river. A slight increase of the
malarial diseases was observed, but not enough to excite
apprehension. By the 25th of August every preparation
had been made for an advance upon Chattanooga. The
field hospitals at Stevenson and Bridgeport were in
readiness for the reception of patients, though not as
complete in appointments as was desirable. During the
first days of September the army crossed the river, and
passed over Sand Mountain into Lookout Valley. This
movement was attended with but few casualties. After
FIG. 10. Topography of the Region about Chattanooga. tlie PaBBa8'e of the Tennessee Kiver, a collision with the
enemy was to be looked for any day, and I made every
effort to familiarize myself with the topography and resources of th country. As a great struggle was anticipated, food for
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR PERIN.
the wounded and an easy way to the rear were the main points to be kept in view. During the few days the army lay in
Lookout Valley, there was comparatively no sickness. It was not considered necessary to make any depot. The few cases
of sickness that occurred were sent to Stevenson, Alabama, by the returning supply train. When the heads of our columns
penetrated the gaps in Lookout Mountain, the enemy hastily evacuated Chattanooga, and, on September 9th, the Twenty-
first Corps occupied it. As soon as I learned this fact, I made immediate disposition to have supplies forwarded, and such
buildings as were suitable for hospitals prepared for the reception of patients. Surgeon I. Moses, II. S. V., was relieved
from duty at Murfreesboro' to superintend this work. By reference to his accompanying report a more detailed account
of the preparations made will be found. By the 13th the army had crossed Lookout Mountain, and the advance had felt
the enemy in several skirmishes. As the presence of the enemy in force was well established, dispositions to concentrate
our army were made. It was soon discovered that the main body of the enemy was moving down the valley of the Chicka-
mauga toward Rossville. The ridge that divides the valley of Chickamauga from that of Chattanooga was traversed in
several places by wagon roads. It was by these roads that our wounded must be conveyed to the rear. The wagon road
down the Chickamauga Valley was near the base of this ridge, on the south side, where thei-e were but few springs. As every
indication pointed to a conflict on the north side of the creek, our wounded were to be provided for at these springs, or taken
over Mission Ridge into Chattanooga Valley. After consultation with the general commanding, I selected Crawfish Spring
as the main depot for the wounded. Division hospitals for the Twentieth and Twenty -first Corps, together with two divisions
of the Fourteenth Corps, were accordingly established at that point. On the 19th, as the battle progressed, the army moved
down the valley of the Chickamauga, so that when night closed it was about four miles distant from the hospitals, and the only
road to the latter was the one spoken of at the south base of Mission Ridge. This movement made the removal of the wounded
a task of considerable magnitude, as our loss in wounded on Saturday afternoon was very severe, being, as nearly as I could
estimate, about four thousand five hundred. The ambulance trains were worked very steadily until midnight, when almost all
of the wounded accessible had been removed and placed in the hospitals, or in groups around, adjacent. Every effort was
made to place the men under shelter, but particularly to provide them with covering, as the night was cold. When this could not
be done, the men were arranged in rows near each other, and lines of camp-fires were built at their feet. The medical officers
continued their attentions to the relief of the immediate wants of the wounded, and to the performance of such operations as
admitted of no delay, until exhaustion and the lateness of the hour warned them that a little rest was necessary to prepare
them for the next day's work. On the morning of the 20th, the movement of the army to the left continued. Our hospitals to
the right becoming more distant, and communication with them precarious, it was deemed best to establish small depots
immediately in rear of the left wing as soon as the right gave way. Communication with Crawfish Spring, the main hospital
depot, was cut off; the position, too, was becoming quite unsafe, when Surgeon Phelps, medical director of the Twenty-first
Corps, and Surgeons Waterman and Griffiths, surgeons-in-chief of the 1st and 3d divisions of the Twentieth Corps, appreciating
the danger, availed themselves of the empty supply trains parked at that point, to send the wounded across Mission Ridge and,
by the Chattanooga Valley road, to Chattanooga.
In this place, I take pleasure in acknowledging the valuable assistance of Lieutenant Colonel Boyd, chief quartermaster
Twentieth Corps, and of Captain Leach, commissary of subsistence. Although these officers labored faithfully to remove all the
wounded from Crawfish Spring, it was found impracticable. Medical officers were, therefore, detailed to remain, and provisions
were distributed in such manner as to insure them for the benefit of the patients during the contusion that must result immediately
after a battle. The wounded at the hospitals on the left were detained only long enough to perform such operations as admitted
of no delay, and were then sent to the rear by the Rossville road. About one thousand five hundred of the graver cases were
left on this part of the field. From the best information I can procure, I should estimate the total number of wounded left upon
the field to be about two thousand five hundred. Great care was taken by surgeons-in-chief of divisions to detail medical officers
with the necessary dressings, medicines, etc., to remain, and provisions were usually divided out among the men to prevent any
possible suffering from hunger. In the retreat, every vehicle, baggage wagon, and supply train, as well as the ambulances,
were filled with wounded. Great numbers who were able to walk found their way on foot to the north side of the Tennessee
River, and continued their journey toward Bridgeport. The graver cases were removed from the ambulances and wagons and
placed in hospitals at Chattanooga, while the others were taken to Bridgeport and Stevenson. A tent hospital sufficiently large
for one thousand five hundred patients, was established on the 21st and 22d, at Stringer's Spring, on the north side of the river
and about two miles distant. Ambulances were sent out on the Bridgeport road, to take up and bring back the wounded who
had undertaken the journey to Bridgeport on foot, and had fallen by the wayside. By the evening of the 23d, the wounded not
sent to the rear were provided for and received professional attention. It has been a cause of great regret that, in the confusion
of the retreat, primary operations could not be performed to the extent desired; thus many cases of injuries of the knee and
ankle joints subsequently proved fatal that might have been saved by timely amputation. As soon as the army had taken up
its position in front of Chattanooga, and order was restored, the commanding general sent a flag of truce with propositions for the
recovery of our Avounded left upon the field. One thousand seven hundred and forty were thus restored to our care. They were,
of course, the graver cases, and, a? timely preparations had been made for their reception, they were soon as comfortable as
circumstances would admit. It may be mentioned here that, upon the occupancy of the town, over two hundred bales of cotton
were found secreted in various places, which were seized, carefully guarded, and reserved for mattresses. Had it not been for
this fortunate circumstance the sufferings of our wounded men would have been much greater, as it was impossible to
procure straw, and the supply of blankets was limited. About one hundred and fifty upholsterers, tailors, and saddlers were
detailed to make mattresses, so that by the tenth day every severely wounded man was provided with a comfortable bed. The
ambulance trains were busily employed transporting such cases as could bear transportation to Bridgeport until the autumnal
rains rendered the roads impassable. The policy of sending patients to the rear, when they could only he transported over a
rou:;-]], circuitous r.nd mountainous road, necessarily subjecting them to more or less pain, was dictated by necessity, for if the
army maintained its position it was evident that the wounded must suffer from want of proper diet ; while, on the other hand,
if the town was abandoned they must fall into the hands of the enemy. This view was, unfortunately, too well verified by
268 APPENDED DOCUMENTS WESTERN ARMIES, 1863.
subsequent events; for, as the roads became more and more difficult by reason of the rains, only those subsistence stores that
were absolutely essential could be brought, and even these were soon reduced in quantity far below the standard ration. The
country on the north side of the river was gleaned of everything in the way of vegetables. Every effort was made to secure
to the wounded enough food from the regular ration, including soft bread; but in the absence of vegetables and other delicacies,
they exhibited but too plainly the sad evidences of deficient nutrition euperadded to the deficiency of proper food. A want ot
fuel was also felt during the latter part of October and all of November. It was very discouraging to the medical attendants to
witness the gradual but certain decline of patients who should have recovered, while they felt themselves powerless to apply
the proper remedy. Partial relief from this condition of affairs was afforded, after the battle of Wauhatchie, which opened a
new and shorter route to the base of supply. A few days after this battle, the small steamer Paint Rock passed the enemy's
batteries successfully, and we were enabled to resume the transfer of patients to the rear. At Kelly's Ferry, a point ten miles
distant, where the boats discharged their freights, a few hospital tents were erected and other preparations made for the care of
the wounded in ti-ansit. Patients were sent in ambulances from the hospitals in town, as well as Stringer's Spring, to this point
as rapidly as circumstances would admit, the roads being bad, and the weather very rainy and cold. The patients were also
exposed while going from Kelly's Ferry to Bridgeport, for the boats were small, with open decks, having been hastily
constructed for carrying freight only. Yet painful as it was, it appeared necessary to send men exposed in this manner, in order
to make room for the care of others. It was evident that a struggle for the possession of Lookout Mountain, and the recovery
of our line of railroad communication with the rear was at hand. With our limited means for the care of many wounded the
approaching conflict was viewed with much anxiety, and every preparation must be made that circumstances would admit. By
November 24th, the number in the various hospitals was reduced to about four hundred and fifty. When it is remembered that
the battle of Chickamauga was fought at a long distance from the base of supply, in a region already gleaned of resources and
difficult of access, that it was lost, and that the army was subsequently cooped up with but one outlet by a circuitous and difficult
route of fifty miles in length, it may be safely asserted that the obstacles to be overcome in the successful care and treatment ot
wounded were more formidable in this than any other of the great battles of the war. An indulgent criticism may, therefore,
be fairly claimed when reviewing the results of treatment. The wounds received were inflicted by a variety of missiles, but
those from the rifle-musket ball were, perhaps, more numerous, in proportion, than usual for so great a battle. The ground on
which the battle was fought being undulating and thickly timbered, was therefore unfavorable for the use of artillery. I can
bear testimony to the zeal and efficiency of the medical staff during this trying battle. While it is a difficult task to take care
of the wounded of a victorious army, it is doubly so of one obliged to retreat. To Surgeons F. H. Gross, U. S. V., medical
director of the Fourteenth Corps, A. J. Phelps, U. S. V., medical director of the Twenty-first Corps, and .1. Perkins, 10th
Kentucky Volunteers, medical director of the Twentieth Corps, great credit is due for their efficiency and untiring devotion to
their duties during the whole campaign. I would respectfully invite attention to their reports herewith transmitted, as well as
to the reports from the surgeons of the various divisions. I will here mention that the wounded sent to the rear were provided
for in a proper manner under the direction of Surgeon A. II. Thurston, U. S. V., assistant medical director at Nashville. I
have to acknowledge my indebtedness to Assistant Surgeon Dallas Bache, U. S. A., assistant medical director, for most valuable
assistance upon the field and in the duties of this office. Surgeon H . H. Seys, 15th Ohio Volunteers, medical inspector, was
attentive and faithful in his duties. The purveying department has been conducted in a most able and satisfactory manner by
Surgeon Robert Fletcher, 1st Ohio Volunteers, now surgeon U. S. V. This report has been unavoidably delayed because the
wounded were sent to the rear in such a rapid and irregular manner as to preclude the possibility of taking lists until the men
arrived at the hospitals on the route. The reports taken in hospitals have been diligently compared with regimental returns,
and the enclosed list is believed to be nearly if not quite correct. No little embarrassment has been experienced from the
destruction of all the records of this office by the Confederate General T. Wheeler, during his attack on our train in the Sequatchie
Valley in the early part of October.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant, G. PERIN,
Surgeon U. S. A., Medical Director.
To the SURGEON GENERAL U. S. ARMY, Washington, D. C."
CCXVII. Report on the Operations of the Medical Staff of the Fourteenth Army Corrjs at
the Battle of Chickamauga. By Surgeon F. II. GROSS, U. S. Volunteers.
GENERAL: I have the honor to submit the following report, as regards the medical and hospital supplies, the means of
transportation of the sick and wounded, and the general transactions of the medical department of the Fourteenth Corps since its
passage of die Tennessee River up to the time of reaching Chattanooga. The regiments and batteries were all abundantly
supplied with medicines and surgical instruments. The latter having, previous to our march, been thoroughly inspected and
repaired by an expert. Aside from the usual regimental supplies which are transported in the hospital wagons and accompany
the regiments, we were provided with a reserve supply consisting of hospital tents, blankets, sheets, hair pillows, shirts, drawers,
bed sacks, surgical instruments, bandages, lint, mess chests, including cooking utensils, concentrated milk and beef, liquor,
chloroform, and such other medicines, surgical apparatus and hospital stores as experience has taught to be most needed and
useful in emergencies in the field. These supplies were in possession of the medical purveyor of the corps subject to my order;
they were transported in a train of fifteen army wagons. Since our advance from Murfreesboro' in June last, these supplies had
been drawn upon, but were still deemed ample in quantity. The four divisions of the corps were each provided with a train of
thirty light two-horse ambulances, all in good condition, under the general control of the corps and division medical directors. In
addition to these, each regiment and battery had one ambulance permanently attached to it, which was usually driven in the rear
such commands. This arrangement of our ambulances has operated more satisfactorily than any other that has yet been tried
is army. Before the command entered upon the march, it was directed that all men" who were sick, and who," in the judg
ment of the medical officers, would not be able to endure the fatigues of the campaign, should be sent to the general field hospital at
REPORT OF SURGEON F. H. GROSS, IT. S. V. 269
Stevenson. The first division crossed the river at Bridgeport on September 4th, and on the 7th reached the valley between Raccoon
and Lookout Mountans, where it remained in camp for two days. The march was continued on the 10th, crossing Lookout
Mountain and encamping in McLamore's Cove. On the llth, it was ordered to close upon the 2d division, which had crossed the
river at Caperton's Ferry on or about the 1st of September, and had continued its march in advance of the 1st division without
interruption, until it reached a point near Dug Gap in Pigeon Ridge, where the enemy was encountered. About seven o'clock A. M.
on the llth, the 1st division closed up on the 2d, and shortly before noon skirmishing began. Surgeons S. Marks, and R. G. Bogue,
the respective surgeons-in-chief of the 1st and 2d divisions, established the hospital at Mrs. Davis's house in the rear of the line of
b;:ttle. Eight or ten wounded had been brought in, when it was noticed that our forces began to retire. The wounded were
promptly removed by ambulances, first to Bailey's Cross Roads, and finally to Stevens's house at the foot of Lookout Mountain,
near Stevens's Gap ; no wounded were left upon the field. The casualties of the affair were as follows : 1st division, two killed and
five wounded; 2d division, nine killed and twenty-two wounded; total, eleven killed and twenty-seven wounded. The wounded
were well cared for at this temporary hospital, and on the IGth, after consulting the general commanding the corps, I directed the
wounded, and those of the sick who were hospital cases, to be sent to Chattanooga by the Chattanooga Valley road. A medical
officer and a number of nurses were detailed to accompany this train. I regret to say that up to this time two of the wounded
had died, three were so seriously injured as not to be transportable, and by the direction of the medical director of the 2d division,
a medical officer was detailed to remain and take care of them. The 3d division moved from the mouth of Battle Creek and
effected the passage of the Tennessee River by the evening of September 3d, with the loss of three men by drownino-. This
command also crossed Raccoon and Lookout Mountains, reaching the southeast side of the latter on the forenoon of the 13th
without any casualty. The 4th division having crossed the river at Shellmound, marched over the above mentioned mountains
and arrived at McLamore's Cove about the same time with the division last referred to. I regret to say that the surgeon-in-chief
Surgeon O. Q. Herrick, 34th Illinois Volunteers, and the brigade surgeons of the command, who were subsequently captured at
the battle of Chickamauga, still remain in the hands of the enemy, preventing me in a great measure from furnishing an account
of those incidents of the march that might be of interest to our branch of the service. Without having been furnished with the
particulars, I respectfully refer to an encounter with the enemy which took place on September llth and 12th, in which the 17th
and 72d Indiana and 92d Illinois Volunteers were engaged, and sustained the loss-of eight killed and nineteen wounded. Our
forces were heavily pressed by the rebels, and as soon as the wounded were removed they were sent to Chattanooga for treat
ment. The manner in which both officers and men accomplished the laborious and fatiguing marches over the rough mountains,
Avith a frequent scai-city of water, and through the dusty valley roads of this sandy region, where the atmosphere about the
moving columns was at times almost suffocating, has (Temonstrated in a marvellous degree, the powers of endurance of our troops.
On September 17th, the command commenced moving toward the left and continued inarching in that direction, when, early on
the morning of the 19th, it was discovered that the enemy confronted us. Our troops were rapidly placed in line of battle on the
grounds now known as the Chickamauga battle-field ; the second division, however, had been left at a point near Crawfish Spring,
about four and one-half miles distant to the right. On the morning of the 19th, one brigade of this division became engaged
with the enemy at that point. The wounded of this affair were conveyed to hospitals which were about being established in that
vicinity. Upon information received from Assistant Surgeon D. Bache, U. S. A., assistant medical director department of the
Cumberland, that Crawfish Spring was intended for the principal depot for the reception of the Avounded, the directors of the
2d and 4th divisions of this corps at once commenced establishing their division hospitals at that place, making use of the
regimental hospital supplies for that purpose. Along the line of battle previously referred to, the engagement had commenced,
and the wounded Avere being rapidly removed from the field and conveyed to the hospitals. When itAvas discovered at Crawfish
Spring that the fighting bore toward the left, an attempt was made to moAre the 4th division hospital nearer to the line of battle.
The troops on the right, however, began to fall back, planting a battery in the vicinity of the new site for this hospital, and
consequently compelling the surgeons to remove again to CraAvfish Spring. The hospital of the 1st division was established on
the morning of the 19th at Dyer's house, Avhich at that time Avas located in the rear of the right of this corps. A fine spring, a
number of out-buildings, and plenty of straw near by, rendered this a desirable locality for hospital purposes. Shortly before
noon it was found necessary, on account of the large; number of wounded at this place, to pitch the hospital tents. Everything
went on quite well until about five o'clock P. M., when our troops began to fall back in that direction, and soon the enemy's grape
and canister Avere being thrown in and around the hospital, making the locality entirely unsafe for the wounded. Orders were
received from the medical director of the department to remove the Avounded to Crawfish Spring. Our forces having repulsed
the enemy from Dyer's house the surgeons \vere enabled to return to their duty. On the morning of the 20th, about forty
Avounded were still at this place, Avhich it soon became necessary to abandon. Surgeon J. R. Reeve, 78th Ohio Volunteers, who
had been placed in charge of this hospital, succeeded, Avith the medical officers' under him, in removing all the wounded and
property except the hospital tent of the 79th Pennsylvania, Volunteers. By ten o'clock they were on the way to Chattanooga.
The 3d division became engaged with the enemy early on the 19th. The hospital was located in the grounds at Cloud's house, in
the rear and between one and two miles to the left of the point where the lighting first commenced, and on the direct road to
Rossville. The wounded from various divisions, including a large number of those of the enemy, Avere accumulating at this
hospital, and before night the number reached near one thousand. Straw was brought for bedding, and hot coffee and soup
served, and fires built as near as practicable to the wounded for their protection from the cold of the night air. 1 remained here
until the next morning, and continued operating, with the medical officers present, on such cases as imperatively demanded it,
until the lowness of the temperature caused us to discontinue for the night, During the next morning, I returned to headquarters
on the Held, and while there this hospital became cut off by the enemy. I was unable either to reach it myself or to get a
messenger through. Surgeon M. C. Tollman, 2d Minnesota Volunteers, surgcon-in-chief of the 3d division, reports, that while on that
forenoon the medical officers were engaged with the Avounded, a furious cannonade opened upon them, slightly injuring several
men and killing a wounded officer. Those who were able to walk were started on foot, and all available ambulances and wagons
were loaded with wounded and started for Rossville, distant about four miles to the left and toward Chattanooga. About sixty
non-transportable cases were left, and in all probability more of our wounded would subsequently reach this point. Three
270 APPENDED DOCU-IENTS WESTERN ARMIES, 1803.
medical officers were detailed to remain. The regimental hospital tents, and tents of the medical officers of this division, together
with a portion of the regimental supplies, fell into the hands of the enemy. During the forenoon of the 20th, I endeavored, in
company with the medical director of General Cook's corps, to reach the hospitals at Crawfish Spring; we were soon met,
however, by the enemy's skirmishers and compelled to return. About noon we noticed numerous wagons and ambulances
moving on the roads to the rear; subsequently large numbers of troops from the right and centre were also moving in that
direction. The ambulances were mostly loaded with wounded. We directed them to move to Chattanooga via Rossville. I
had directed the medical purveyor of the corps, Surgeon H. C. Barrell, 38th Illinois Volunteers, on the evening of the 19th,
to bring up the reserve supplies on the road leading from Rossville to the 3d division hospital at Cloud's house, believing this to
be the most suitable locality, from the knowledge I possessed of the country, at which to collect the larger number of wounded
on account of the direct communication by good roads with Chattanooga. On the morning of the 20th, I sent a message to
Surgeon Barrell, informing him that the 3d division hospital had fallen into the hands of the enemy, and directing him to take
the Dry Valley road, which it appears he had already done. Being met by retreating troops and wagons, it was deemed prudent
to halt this train of supplies, which was thus saved and subsequently taken to Chattanooga, where by order of the medical
director of the department they were issued to the hospitals at this place and served a good purpose. During the latter part of
the afternoon, the wounded from the left, where the battle was still raging, crowded the road leading from McDaniel's house
to the Dry Valley road. Many were conveyed in ambulances, and hundreds of the slightly injured who were able to walk or be
led by their comrades, moved along on foot. After nightfall the command retired upon Rossville. The wounded continued to move
to the rear nearly all night. On Monday morning the 21st, ambulances were driven as far front as it was safe for them to go,
and gathered up such wounded as had not been removed in that vicinity during the night. A large number, still at Rossville
that morning, was also sent to the rear. A new line of battle was formed at the latter place. We suffered but little here, and
the very small number of injured were all brought away. Aside from the hospital arrangements which had been made by the
medical director of the department previous to our reaching Chattanooga before daybreak on Tuesday morning, a general field
hospital was about being established on the opposite side of the river. I was permitted, at my request, by the department medical
director, to appropriate a portion of this for a corps field hospital. It remained under my general superintendence, with Surgeon
S. Marks, 10th Wisconsin Volunteers, in charge, until the 10th instant, when all hospitals of this character were consolidated
into one general field hospital. It is the opinion generally of our surgeons that the wounded are doing remarkably well. I regret
to say that nineteen of our medical officers, who remained at the captured hospitals, are still in the hands of the enemy, notwith
standing that our wounded have been paroled and brought within our lines. The following is a list of the names of these officers :
Surgeons 0. Q. Herrick, 34th Illinois Volunteers, C. M. Fowler, 105th Ohifi Volunteers, J. L. Wooden, 68th Indiana Volunteers,
J. R. Brelsford, 74th Ohio Volunteers, L. I. Dixon, 1st Wisconsin Volunteers, C. S. Arthur, 75th Indiana Volunteers, Joseph
Fithian, 18th Kentucky Volunteers, J. McCurdy, llth Ohio Volunteers, and J. R. Reeves, 78th Ohio Volunteers. Assistant
Surgeons W. B. Graham, 101st Indiana Volunteers, A. H. Shaffer, 75th Ohio Volunteers, N. H. Sidwell, llth Ohio Volunteers,
W. P. Hornbrook, 42d Indiana Volunteers, C. O. Wright, 35th Ohio Volunteers, J. C. Elliott, 18th Kentucky Volunteers, E. F.
Purdum, 89th Ohio Volunteers, F. Corfe, 1st Wisconsin Volunteers, D. D. Benedict, 17th Ohio Volunteers, and A. II. Landis,
35th Ohio Volunteers. I have been informed by Surgeon 0. Q. Herrick, surgeon-in-chief 4th division, from the enemy's lines,
that all the medical officers with him have been paroled to report to the commandant of the post at Atlanta, as soon as relieved
from taking care of the United States sick and wounded prisoners. The conduct of the medical officers of this corps has, with
few exceptions, been highly commendable. Special mentions have been made in division reports, which will be forwarded to
Surgeon G. I'erin, U. S. A., medical director of the department of the Cumberland. I refer especially to the services of the
following: Surgeons S. Marks, 10th Wisconsin Volunteers, surgeon-iii-chief of the 1st division, R. G. Bogue, 19th Illinois
Volunteers, surgeon-in-chief of the 2d division, M. C. Tollman, 2d Minnesota Volunteers, snrgeon-in-chief of the 3d division, and
O. Q. Herrick, 34th Illinois Volunteers, surgeon-in-chief of the 4th division, and to the efficient medical purveyor of the corps,
Surgeon H. C. Barrell, 38th Illinois Volunteers. Arrangements have been made to get an accurate list of the names of the
wounded, including those sent to hospitals in the rear. When this has been accomplished in a satisfactory manner, a copy
will be forwarded. At present I add only the following estimate of numbers: killed, seven hundred and five; Avounded, three
thousand five hundred and eight; total, four thousand two hundred and thirteen. It is believed by the division director of the
1st division that future information from those marked as missing, or other reports, will swell this estimate of wounded in that
command. While attempting to reach the 3d division hospital on the morning of the 20th, in company with the topographical
engineer, Captain Gaw, I received a slight wound in the neck by a musket ball, not disabling me, however, from duty.
I am, General, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
F. H. GROSS,
Surgeon U. S. V., Medical Director l^ourteenlh Army Corps.
To Major General G. IT. THOMAS."
CCXVIII. Extracts from a Report of the Wounded of the First Division of the Fourteenth
Corps at the lj<dtle of Chickamauga. By Surgeon S. MAKKS, 10th Wisconsin Volunteers.
"The command left Bridgeport September 4th, and crossed the river, going into camp on the opposite side.
There were fifty men left at Bridgeport, who were suffering from diarrhoea, intermittent, and remittent fever. Each regiment
and battery in the division was supplied with one hospital wagon, under the immediate charge of the surgeon, and generally
supplied with medicines and hospital stores. On September 5th, the command marched to the foot of Raccoon Mountain, a
distance of about three miles, and, on September 6th, marched to the top of said mountain, a distance of five miles; on September
7th. marched into the valley between Raccoon mid Lookout Mountain, a distance of twelve miles, and went into camp, where we
remained two days. During our stay in this camp, one man from the 21st Wisconsin Volunteers was accidentally wounded, and
was left at a private house with another sick man from the same regiment ; also one other, who was left in the capacity of nurse.
REPORT OF SURGEON S. MARKS. 271
On September 10th, we marched over Lookout Mountain, and encamped at the foot in MeLamore's Cove. On September llth,
we were ordered to reinforce General Negley's command, which was some six miles distant from us, in the direction of Dug (Jap,
where he was confronted by the enemy. We left camp at Jive o'clock A. M., and joined him at seven. The two divisions were
at once placed in line of battle, the ambulance train being parked in a secure place a short distance in the rear of the command.
At eleven o'clock skirmishing commenced. I met Surgeon H. W. Boyce, llth Wisconsin Volunteers, surgeon-iii-chief of General
Negley's division, and we established the hospital for the two divisions at a Mrs. Davis's house, within three-quarters of a mile
of our front, and had received some eight or ten wounded, when we discovered that our forces were falling back, and that our
batteries were being planted around the house, making it unsafe for hospital purposes. We at once ordered up a sufficient
number of ambulances to remove what wounded we had to the rear, and went back as far as Bailey's Cross Roads, where we
placed our wounded in a house, but had not been there more than an hour before our forces were falling back past us, and we
found it necessary to again remove our wounded further to the rear. We at once loaded them in ambulances, and went back
to the foot of Lookout Mountain, and established our hospitals at a Mr. Stephens's house, where we cared for the wounded the
best we could up to the 16th, when we were ordered to remove all transportable cases to Chattanooga, which was done as
speedily as possible. I was obliged to leave one wounded man, and Surgeon Boyce also left two or three of his division, and
a medical officer to attend to them, besides two nurses. The casualties in this division in the engagement of the eleventh were
five wounded and two killed. On September 17th, we marched to Lee's Springs, and remained at that point until the evening
of the 18th, when we received marching orders. We marched until five o'clock the next morning, the 19th, when the divisions
parted, and were placed in line of battle. As it was said the enemy confronted us, and an engagement was imminent, I went
in search of a place suitable to be used as a division hospital, and selected the house of Mrs. Gaines or Dyers as the most
desirable place, as there was a fine spring of water and quite a number of buildings in which the wounded could be made
comfortable; also plenty of straw in the vicinity. I had the out-buildings properly prepared for the reception of the wounded,
and directed that two medical officers from each brigade remain on the held, while the remainder should report to the division
hospital for duty. The operating staff was composed of Surgeons W. H. White, 79th Pennsylvania Volunteers, W. Wagner,
24th Illinois Volunteers, and B. F. Miller, 2d Ohio Volunteers. Surgeon J. T. Eeeves, 21st Wisconsin Volunteers, was placed
in charge of the division hospital. I directed the hospital wagons to be parked near the hospital, and the ambulances in the
woods, about eighty rods to the rear of the division. About ten o'clock the battle commenced, and the wounded were coming in
quite rapidly. I think, however, we received more from Brannan's division than from our own, as it seems the ambulance
drivers of that division were not informed as to the location of their division hospital. About eleven o'clock I directed the
hospital tent to be pitched near the hospital buildings, as they were becoming crowded. We continued to receive and care for
the wounded until about five r. M., when our forces were driven back in the vicinity of the hospital, and in a few moments the
enemy's grape and canister were being thrown in and around the hospital, making the location entirely unsafe for wounded.
All that could walk were directed to fall back behind the bluff to a place of comparative safety, while the ambulances were filled
as rapidly as possible with those unable to walk. At this time I received orders from Surgeon G. Perin, U. S. A., to send the
wounded to Crawfish Spring, and accordingly the ambulances were sent that way. Fortunately our forces soon drove the
enemy from the vicinity of the hospital, enabling our medical officers to return to their duties. The ambulances were kept moving
all night, and not more than forty were left at the hospital on the morning of the 20th. On Sunday morning, quite a number
of wounded were brought into the hospital, but the close proximity of the battle soon rendered its abandonment a necessity,
when Surgeon J. T. Reeve, 21st Wisconsin Volunteers, with the medical officers under him, with great exertion succeeded in
removing all the wounded, and all the hospital tents, except one belonging to the 79th Pennsylvania Volunteers, which had to
be abandoned for want of transportation ; and by ten o'clock they were on the way to Chattanooga. On the morning of the
20th, the hospital tent of the 19th U. S. Infantry, was burned by the explosion of a shell. During the engagement of the 20th,
the wounded were sent to the rear as fast as possible, but many of the severer cases fell into the hands of the enemy, as our
troops were constantly falling back. As the hospital at Mrs. Gaines's house was broken up, I did not detail any medical officers
to remain, but regret to say that Surgeons J. T. Reeves, 21st Wisconsin Volunteers, and L. I. Dixon, 1st Wisconsin Volunteers,
and Assistant Surgeon F. Corfe, 1st Wisconsin Volunteers, and Acting Assistant Surgeon G. Vartanyon were captured, and all
but Dr. Vartanyon are in the hands of the enemy at the present time. On the evening of the 20th, our division fell back to
Rossville, and remained at that place until the night of the 21st. During the 21st, it had some skirmishing, but no casualties
in the division. On the night of the 21st, we were ordered to fall back to Chattanooga, where we arrived on the morning of the
22d of September. As our division fought mostly in the woods, but little cannon was used ; consequently the majority of our
men were wounded with musketry, although we have quite a number of cases severely wounded from round shot and shell.
The casualties during the engagement are as follows : Killed, one hundred and fifty-four; wounded, six hundred and eighteen.
It is presumed subsequent information will swell the list very much, as there are many men reported missing who are
undoubtedly either killed or wounded. The conduct of the medical officers of the division, with a few exceptions, is com
mendable in the highest degree. Surgeon J. T. Reeves, 21st Wisconsin Volunteers, who had charge of the division hospital,
and was untiring in his efforts to relieve the sufferings of the wounded, is entitled to especial credit for the manner in which he
removed the wounded and hospital property under his charge. Surgeons B. F. Miller, 2d Ohio Volunteers, W. Wagner, 24th
Illinois Volunteers, J. Currey, 38th Indiana Volunteers, and L. I. Dixon, 1st Wisconsin Volunteers, all behaved themselves in
the most commendable manner, as did Assistant Surgeons W. II. White, 79th Pennsylvania Volunteers, B. Mosemeier, 33d Ohio
Volunteers, B. C. Brett, 21st Wisconsin Volunteers, II. Benson, 10th Wisconsin Volunteers, T. Wild, 24th Illinois Volunteers
and Acting Assistant Surgeon Powers."
272 APPENDED DOCUMENTS WESTEEN ARMIES, J803.
CCXIX. Extracts from a Report of the Wounded of the Second Division of the Fourteenth
Corps at the Battle of Chickamauga. By Surgeon H. G. BOGUE, HHh Illinois Volunteers.
"September 1, 18C3, the command was in camp on Crow Creek, near Stevenson, Alabama. On the evening of
that day it received orders to march, to cross the Tennessee River near that point. Most of the sick in the division had been
disposed of a few days previous by sending them to hospital at Stevenson; the few that remained were, on that day, transferred to
hospital. I do not know the 11 umber thus disposed of, but the command was very well cleared of invalids. About sunset the
command began crossing the river on the pontoon bridge at Caperton's Ferry, near Stevenson. With eleven regiments of infantry
and three batteries of artillery, were twenty-one medical officers besides myself, the remaining eight being either absent, sick, or
on detached service. Each regiment and one of the batteries had an ambulance which followed its respective command ; each
was furnished with an hospital knapsack filled with medicines and dressings ; each had four hand stretchers ; each regiment had a
hospital wagon which followed either in its rear, or those of the brigade together at the rear of the brigade; each regiment had a
good supply of instruments, medicines, surgical dressings, etc., and a hospital tent. There was a division ambulance train of
thirty ambulances, all in very good condition. These followed at the rear of the division, in advance of the ammunition trains.
Tins was the order of the moving of ambulances and hospital wagons during the inarch. Our course of march was up the south
or east bank of the river to opposite Bridgeport, when we crossed the Raccoon Mountain to the Lookout Valley, near Trenton,
Tennessee. Here I took charge of a wounded man of the 39th Indiana Mounted Infantry, who had been wounded that day, the
4th. I am indebted to Assistant Surgeon C. F. Little, 19th Illinois Volunteers, who kindly cared for him until he could be
properly disposed of. From here we moved up the valley to cross Lookout Mountain at Stevens's Gap. The evening of the Cth,
while ascending the mountain, there was a slight skirmish in which one man of the 4'2d Indiana Volunteers was wounded. We
crossed the mountain into McLamore's Cove or Chickamauga Valley, and on the llth, near Dug Gap, the enemy was encountered,
when a severe skirmish or small battle ensued, during which nine men were killed and twenty-two wounded. Here, at David's
Cross Roads, in the house of Widow Davis, the wounded were cared for; but the command being obliged to fall back from the
position, the wounded were moved back first to a point called Bailey's Cross Roads, then to the foot of the mountain to Stevens's
house, at which place they were all cared for that night. The 1st division, Fourteenth Corps, being engaged with this, the
operations of this day and the few following were made in concert with Surgeon S. Marks, 10th Wisconsin Volunteers, its
surgeon-in-chief, to whom I am much indebted for advice and assistance. The wounded were cared for at Stevens's house until
the 17th, when I received orders from Surgeon F. H. Gross, U. S. V., medical director, Fourteenth Corps, to send them with
such sick as were hospital cases to Chattanooga, in ambulances. During the march, as cases of sick occurred they were taken
into the ambulances of the division and transported, being mostly cared for by the surgeons of the regiments to which they
belong, until at Stevens's Gap, where there had accumulated about forty cases. A medical officer was detailed to attend them,
sheltering them in the ambulances which were parked in a little grove. On the morning of the 17th, complying with the above
mentioned order, the wounded, twenty, and the sick, about forty cases, were started for Chattanooga for admittance to hospital at
that place. Assistant Surgeon W. P. Hornbrook, 42d Indiana Volunteers, by my direction accompanied them, he was furnished
beef essence and coffee sufficient to feed them one day, the time consumed in making the journey. Three nurses were sent with
them. The sick and wounded of the 1st division were sent with this train. Up to this time two of the wounded men had died,
and two were so feeble that it was thought best to leave them there rather than move them. The two of this division, with one
from the 1st division, who were injured too severely to move, were left at Stevens's house, two nurses, one of each division, with
food, medicines and dressings, sufficient for several days, (four or five,) were left in attendance. By my order, Assistant Surgeon
H. S. Griswold, llth Michigan Volunteers, remained or returned, for the command was on the move when I rejoined it, to care
for those left there. I have heard nothing from him since; therefore I know nothing of his fate. The division moved to near
Crawfish Spring, arriving there the evening of the 18th. The morning of the 19th, one brigade became engaged with the enemy
from which several were wounded. They were removed to \Vidow Gorden's house at Crawfish Spring, their wounds dressed
and they put to bed. About four o'clock p. M. the troops having nearly all passed beyond this point, I had all, except two who
were very severely wounded, loaded into ambulances and moved toward the left, as the battle had been in progress in that
direction for several hours. I thought the hospitals would be established in that direction. After going about one mile, I met
wounded men in large numbers being taken back toward the spring. Still moving further toward the left, I met Assistant
Surgeon D. Bache, U. S. A., assistant medical director of the department of the Cumberland, who informed me that all wounded
were to be sent to the spring, as there would be the great depot for them. I directed Surgeon W. P. Johnson, 18th Ohio
Volunteers, to return to that point, taking all the hospital wagons and the wounded with him, to select some proper place and
have the hospital tents pitched, caring for what there were and be in readiness to receive others, for a portion of the division was
there engaged in battle. I proceeded to where the command was; had all the wounded gathered up and sent to the hospital. I
directed nine medical officers to return there for duty that night, I visited there about midnight, found everything in proper
order, and, directing Surgeon W. P. Johnson to remain in charge there, I returned to the command and did not visit the hospital
thereafter, for the events of the battle of the 20th early separated me from communication with it. During the early part of the
day, wounded were gathered into the ambulances of the division as also those of the regiments, and not being able to send them
to the spring hospital, nor the one on the left of the line, they were, before evening, sent to Chattanooga in company with those
of other divisions. For a time I was separated from the command, rejoining it at Rossville about five o'clock p. M. When, from
the result of the battle, it became necessary to abandon the hospitals at the spring, Surgeon W. P. Johnson directed Surgeon
William Anderson, 37th Indiana Volunteers, Surgeon James R. Brelsford, 74th Ohio Volunteers, and Assistant Surgeon William
P. Hornbrook, 42d Indiana Volunteers, to remain with those left there. The hospital wagons and ambulances were loaded with
such of the wounded as could be transported, and ordered to Chattanooga. The hospital tents of all the regiments, except the
37th Indiana Volunteers, 78th Pennsylvania Volunteers, and 104th Illinois Volunteers, with such of hospital stores, bedding, and
medicines as were needed were left there. On the 21st, a few were wounded who were sent directly to Chattanooga. During
this night, the command moved back to this place. One medical officer remained with each regiment during the whole battle
REPORT OF SURGEON M. 0. TOLLMAN. 273
and afterward, the others being assigned to duty at hospitals in town. When the field hospital was established on the 23d, a
portion of the officers were ordered to duty there, the others remaining with the regiments or at hospitals in town. During the
campaign two medical officers returned from leave of absence, and since our arrival here two have returned to the command.
All are now on duty with their regiments or at the field hospital, or at the hospital for the sick of the division. Surgeon William
Anderson, 37th Indiana Volunteers, has returned from the hospital on the battle-field, having been exchanged ; the others are
retained as prisoners. The conduct of the medical officers during the campaign and battles was good, and since has been very
commendable. There are some who merit special mention; but where all, with a single exception, did their duty in the positions
assigned them, it is not necessary. All have my thanks for their faithfulness and efficiency, and all, I trust, feel rewarded in the
consciousness of having performed their duty at a time when their services were needed and could be well appreciated by those
who were so unfortunate as to require their aid. I am indebted to Lieutenant W. W. Barker, assistant commissary of subsistence,
2d division, Fourteenth Corps, for his promptness in furnishing food for the sick and wounded as it was needed from time to time.
During the battle of the 20th, the ambulance of the 74th Ohio Volunteers was captured. Each of the surgeons who fell into the
enemy's hands had an amputating set of instruments which were taken by the enemy. The full amount of losses of that character
I am unable to state. The following is a summary of our casualties from September 6th to 21st, inclusive : killed, seventy-one ;
wounded, four hundred and ninety-one ; total, five hundred and sixty-two. I neglected to mention in proper place that the
ambulances which went to Chattanooga on the 17th, returned on the evening of the 18th." * * *
CCXX. Extracts from a Report of the Wounded of the Third Division of the Fourteenth
Corps at the Battle of C/iickamauga. By Surgeon M. 0. TOLLMAN, 2<1 Minnesota Volunteers.
"At the time of the recent forward movement on Chattanooga, * * and during the battles of the nineteenth
and twentieth, the regiments were well supplied with medicines and instruments. Each regiment and battery had an
ambulance, which followed in the rear of the command, and contained either a hospital knapsack or medicine chest, furnished.
Each regiment had a hospital wagon, which followed in the rear of the command, or with the general train, according to the
nature of the roads ; this wagon carried medicines, mess chest, tents, etc., which belonged to the hospital department. Each
brigade had a train of ten ambulances, making thirty in all, which were under the control of the medical director, and followed
in the rear of the ammunition train. The above order of march was a good deal interfered with, especially over Lookout
Mountain. August 28th, the division began crossing the Tennessee River on rafts, and, on the evening of September 3d, the
troops and trains were well over, with the loss of three men drowned. On the 5th, we struck camp and marched at daylight.
We encountered no opposition, and got across Lookout Mountain at eleven o'clock A. M. on the 13th, without any casualty or
loss of transportation. One hospital wagon of the 31st Ohio Volunteers upset, and some portion of the stores were destroyed.
This division became engaged with the enemy early in the morning of the 19th, and according to directions from Major
General Thomas, I located the division hospital on the Rossville road, about two miles toward Rossville, from the point where
the engagement first commenced, at which place there were good springs, a church, and several houses. Before night there
were nearly one thousand men of my own and other divisions wounded in tile hospital. I had all my tents and the church and
houses filled, besides hundreds lying out of doors. As many of the worst wounded were dressed as possible. I got them all a
cup of coffee and a cup of soup, and plenty of straw to keep them off the ground, and built fires to keep them warm, as but
few had saved their blankets from the battle-field. On Sunday, as the hospital was cut off early in the morning from all
communication with the battle-field, and several messengers that I sent to find the location of our troops failed to get through,
or, if they got through, to return to us, none of the wounded of this day were brought to this hospital. In the meantime the
details for operating corps had got their tables, and had began to perform the operations necessary, when a furious cannonade
opened upon us. A shell passed through a house and killed a wounded officer; another fired one of the tents; another exploded
in the streets, and knocked down two men by the concussion. I started all that could walk, and then loaded all the
ambulances and wagons, and started for Rossville, three miles distant, with all the wounded, save about sixty of the worst
cases, with whom I detailed three medical officers to remain. All the hospital tents, and the tents of the medical officers of the
division, and the regimental supplies of the 2d Minnesota, 9th and 17th Ohio, and 82d Indiana Volunteers, together with the 9th
Ohio hospital wagons, fell into the enemy's hands. Subsequently I sent nearly all the wounded into Chattanooga that night.
On Monday, all the wounded that could be collected were sent to Chattanooga, and many of the lighter cases were sent right
on to Bridgeport, and thus never came under my observation, or of any of the regimental surgeons. On Monday night the
army fell back to Chattanooga, and since then all the medical officers of the division have been engaged in attending to the
wounded in general hospital, except one to each regiment. The regimental medical supplies have been expended with the
wounded of the army, so that in nearly every regiment a new outfit will be necessary before the troops can take the field. One
ambulance broke down, and had to be left on the battle-field. I was ably seconded, on the days of the battle and subsequently,
by the medical corps of this division. All, with one or two exceptions, discharged their duty faithfully and fearlessly. Surgeon
O. Q. Ilerrick, 34th Illinois, Surgeon W. H. Lemon, 82d Indiana, and Assistant Surgeon Otis Ayer, 2d Minnesota Volunteers,
subsequently exchanged, remained at the hospital by my direction. Assistant Surgeons D. D. Benedict, 17th Ohio, and C. O.
Wright and A. H. Landis, 35th Ohio, were captured, all of whom are still held as prisoners of war, except Dr. Ayer, exchanged
as above stated. Our losses are as follows : Killed, three hundred and twenty-five; wounded, sixteen hundred and forty-two.
I am under great obligations to Captain Roper, commissary of subsistence of this division, for the promptness with which he
furnished me with rations; also to Lieutenant Russell, who was detailed with a portion of division provost guards as a guard to
the hospital, for the promptness with which he executed every order for collecting beeves and sheep from the country for the
use of the wounded, by direction of Surgeon O. Q. Herrick, 34th Illinois Volunteers, in charge of hospital, and also for collecting
stragglers, and sending them to the front." *
35
274 APPENDED DOCUMENTS WESTERN ARMIES, 1863.
CCXXI. lieport on the Operations of the Medical Staff of the Twentieth Army Corps at the
Battle of Chickamauga. By Surgeon JABEZ PERKINS, 10th Kentucky Volunteers.
"We left Stevenson, Alabama, on September 2d, with one hundred and five available ambulances and eight
wagon loads of reserve medical and hospital supplies. Among these were twelve hospital tents entire, which I procured of the
post quartermaster at Stevenson, our former supply having been exhausted in the organization of a general hospital at Tulla-
homa, in pursuance of orders from the medical director of the department. On the eve of starting from Stevenson, an order was
issued from corps headquarters, without my knowledge or consent, limiting the amount of medical and hospital supplies to be
carried by each regiment to five hundred pounds. On learning the fact, I procured such modification of the order as permitted
the regular hospital wagons, of which we had eleven in the corps, to be taken along with their contents unreduced, and also one
additional wagon to each division for the transportation of such supplies as, in the judgment of the division medical directors,
were most needed. The health of our troops on starting was good, considering the season and locality. Malarial fevers prevailed
to some extent, but they were generally of a mild character. The first and second divisions crossed the Tennessee River at
Caperton's Ferry, four miles from Stevenson, and the third at Bridgeport, twelve miles above. The former arrived at Valley
Head on September 4th, at which place they were joined by the 3d division on the morning of September 10th. The command
had just received orders to cross Lookout Mountain, and, as an early engagement with the enemy was deemed probable, I ordered
the sick to be left at Valley Head, where a wagon train was parked, and Colonel Post's brigade left as a guard. Such cases as
were likely to be protracted were subsequently sent by supply train to Stevenson, the remainder came forward with Colonel
Post's brigade and joined their command at this place September 23d. On the morning of September 10th, we ascended Lookout
Mountain, crossed over into Shinbone Valley and camped near Alpine, Georgia. On the 14th, we recrossed Lookout Mountain
and passed down Will's Valley to Stevens's Gap, Avhere we again crossed the mountain and joined General Thomas's command
on the 16th, at Pond Spring. On the morning of the 19th, the entire corps moved forward on the Kossville road, about eight
miles in the direction of Chattanooga, where they were ordered into line of battle preparatory to a general engagement, which
opened on our left about eleven o'clock A. M. In the disposition of troops the Twentieth Corps was divided, the 2d division
being posted on the extreme left of our army, and the 1st and 3d divisions on the right. The wounded of the 2d division were
removed to a temporary hospital immediately in the rear, and those of the 1st and 3d divisions to the vicinity of Crawfish
Spring, on the right and rear of our line of battle. At this point we occupied a large brick building with a number of out-houses
for hospital purposes, and to these were added such hospital tents as were in our possession. In addition to the wounded of the
Twentieth Corps, a large portion of those of the Fourteenth Corps were brought here, it being the nearest point at which they
could obtain water. By eight o'clock in the morning every place of shelter was full, and a large number were yet unprovided
for. The night was extremely cold for the season, yet those compelled to remain out were rendered comparatively comfortable
by large fires and such bedding as we could command. An abundance of nourishment in the form of beef soup, coffee, etc., was
provided for all, and their wounds were dressed as rapidly as was possible under the circumstances. Our wounded at the 2d
division hospital were well cared for during the night; but soon after the battle was renewed on the morning of the 20th, our
forces on the left were compelled to fall back, and it became evident that the hospital would fall into the hands of the enemy.
Surgeon Charles Schussler, surgeon-in-chief of the division, immediately ordered all his available ambulances to be filled
with such cases as were transportable and sent them in the direction of Chattanooga. Those who were able to do so walked to
a place of temporary safety, while about forty of the more severely wounded fell into the hands of the enemy. About one o'clock
of the same day, our right having given way, the enemy got between us and our hospitals at Crawfish Spring. General Mitchell,
with a large calvary force, was guarding the spring, but it was evident that he would be compelled to abandon the position. I
was on the left at the time, and cut off by the enemy from our hospitals on the light. Surgeon Luther 1). Waterman, 39th
Indiana Volunteers, and Surgeon Griffiths, however, made their arrangements as judiciously and as rapidly as possible for leaving,
and Colonel Boyd, our corps quartermaster, being present, with commendable promptness collected a large number of empty
wagons, which having been partly filled with straw, were, with the available ambulances, loaded with wounded, and conducted
across Missionary Hills to the Lookout Valley road and thence to Chattanooga. About two hundred and fifty men were left in
hospitals occupied by the 1st and 3d divisions, but many of them were from the Fourteenth Corps. Our forces, after giving way
on the right and centre, fell back in confusion for some distance, but they were finally rallied, and the reserve, under General
Granger, coming up about that time, the enemy was again held in check, and severe fighting continued until dark. The 1st and
3d divisions of the Twentieth Corps, however, were not again engaged. The 2d division was engaged during the evening, and
such of the wounded as we had the means of removing, were sent to Rossville, four miles in the rear, and from there to Chatta
nooga the next morning. During the night our forces fell back on Rossville, thus leaving the enth-e field, and with it our dead
and the greater part of the more severely wounded in the hands of the enemy. The field on which occurred the greater part of
the fighting is slightly rolling and covered with timber. Artillery was much used during the battle, but the fighting was
mostly done with musketry at short range and with conical leaden bullets. Judging from my own observation, I would say
that the proportion of slight wounds is greater than usually occurs. We left with our wounded eleven medical officers, with the
necessary medical supplies, and about three thousand rations. We lost during the battle fourteen ambulances and all the hospital
tents in the reserve supply, with five belonging to the 1st and two to the 3d division, which were left at Crawfish Spring.
Besides the hospital tents, the only issues on the field from the corps supplies were two hundred and fifty tin cups, two hundred
and fifty tin plates, two hundred and fifty table-spoons, and one hundred woollen blankets. The balance was brought to Chatta
nooga. During the night of the 21st, our army fell back to Chattanooga, at which place, in pursuance of orders from the medical
director of the department, division hospitals have been established, in which such of the wounded as have not been sent to the
rear are now being treated and are generally doing well. The fortunes of war have placed it beyond our power to furnish a
report of the killed; and, at present, it is impossible to procure a list of the wounded that will even approximate accuracy as to
numbers. Accompanying this report will be found a reliable list, as far as it goes, and a more complete one will be forwarded as
soon as it can be obtained. In conclusion, I am desirous of bearing testimony to the zeal and conscientious regard for duty that
REPORT OB" SURGEON L. D. WATERMAN. 275
have characterized the conduct of our medical officers throughout the entire campaign, hut more especially during and since the
battle. Of the division surgeons-iii-chief of this corps, I wish to speak in terms of commendation, as very much of the good
that we have heen able to accomplish is due to the prompt and efficient manner in which they have performed their duties. Many
of the regimental surgeons and assistant surgeons are deserving of special notice, for which I beg leave to refer you to the reports
of the division chief medical officers, which are herewith transmitted."
CCXXIL Extracts from a Report of the, Wounded of the First Division of the Twentieth
Corps at the Battle of Chickamauga. By Surgeon L. D. WATEKMAN, 39th Indiana
Volunteers.
* * * "On August 28, 1883, this division crossed the Tennessee River, and on subsequent days marched to Valley
Head, where one brigade remained until the 23d instant, when it rejoined the division. The sick of the entire division were
left with this brigade, and the 2d and 3d brigades, after marching almost day and night, were suddenly ordered into battle
whilst marching on the morning of September 19th. They were both immediately engaged with the enemy, and the wounded
began to fall back for attention. Knowing nothing of the ground or lines of battle, I twice selected locations for a division
hospital as speedily as I could, and had to abandon them ; finally, by order of Surgeon (Jr. Perin, U. S. A., medical director
of the department, I used every exertion to collect the wounded at Crawfish Spring, taking the brick buildings near by as a
nucleus for a hospital, and ordering thither ambulances with wounded, and such medicine wagons and medicine and hospital
supplies as I had available. With the exception of three medicine wagons, the regimental medicine supplies were reduced by
general order from corps headquarters to five hundred pounds to a regiment, and had necessarily been put with other baggage,
and taken by the regimental quartermaster out of the hands of the medical officers for safety in transportation. These supplies
were not accessible when the battle came on, and the medical officers had consequently to rely on their knapsacks, and such
articles as they had in their ambulances. The wagon trains having been subsequently hurried to Chattanooga, the hospital
supplies were only obtained when the troops reached that place. I sincerely hope such reduction will not again be made. The
wounded of this division were not all recovered from the ground where they fell. Many, too badly wounded to be easily brought
off, were left in the enemy's hands eventually ; but as many as could be reached were somewhat commingled with wounded
of other divisions gathered at Crawfish Spring, where the surgeons of this division, not needed with the troops in front, were
organized under charge of Surgeon S. O. Himoe, 15th Wisconsin Volunteers, to render such aid as they could. The following
medical officers were appointed in operating corps : Surgeons S. B. Hawley, 36th Illinois Volunteers, E. M. Seeley, 21st Illinois
Volunteers, O. Chamberlain, 8th Kansas Volunteers, and J. Blount, 25th Illinois Volunteers, with Assistant Surgeons W. U.
Fonts, 81st Indiana Volunteers, II. T. Lacy, 101st Ohio Volunteers, J. Buterbaugh, 8th Kansas Volunteers, and S. E. Beach,
8th Kansas Volunteers. To attend to cooking, etc., Surgeon T. M. Cook, 101st Ohio Volunteers; for records, Assistant Surgeon
D. S. Clark, 25th Illinois Volunteers. At this division hospital, without fatigue party or guards, the wounded were gathered
during the remainder of the battle. Some operations were performed, wounds were dressed, the wounded rapidly fed, and
the medical officers worked faithfully amidst the confusion. Assistant Surgeon D. S. Clark, 25th Illinois Volunteers, never
reported for duty, but is believed to have been captured while with his regiment, perhaps wounded ; consequently the records
were not well kept up. The supplies of sanitary goods, beef extract, tea, etc., with five hundred pounds of fresh beef from the
division commissary, and sugar, coffee, and hard bread procured from the commissary of subsistence of the Cavalry Corps,
enabled me, with such articles of food as were in the ambulances, to subsist the wounded until the afternoon of the 20th, when
I procured a wagon load of hard bread from the cavalry, and a full wagon load of bread, sugar, coffee, soap, and salt were
delivered to me by order of Lieutenant Colonel Boyd, assistant quartermaster Twentieth Corps, whose attention to the wants
of the hospital are worthy of especial commendation. Subsequently other rations, Avith sanitary supplies from ambulance
wagons, etc., were gathered together, until, without actual measurement, I think about twenty-five hundred rations were left
when we finally retreated from the hospital. The army was apparently driven back so as to expose this locality to the enemy
at three o'clock p. M., on the 20th instant, at which time I was with Brigadier General Davis and the division. I then returned
to the hospital, and wagons and ambulances, with such wounded as were considered transportable, were sent by way
of Lookout Mountain road to Chattanooga as rapidly as possible; and no general order having been issued to direct me, I
ordered Surgeons E. M. Seeley, 21st Illinois Volunteers, S. B. Hawley, 36th Illinois Volunteers, and Assistant Surgeons W. D.
Fonts, 81st Indiana Volunteers, and II. T. Lacey, 101st Ohio Volunteers, to remain and surrender themselves with the wounded;
to gather our wounded together, and care for them after our retreat. Twelve hospital tents and flies, out of fourteen procured
from Surgeon J. Perkins, 10th Kentucky Volunteers, medical director Twentieth Corps, with four of my own, were left, the
remainder having been sent to Chattanooga on wagons with wounded, not having been pitched. Medicines, instrument*, and
hospital stores — all that was considered necessary by the surgeons who remained — were left with them ; and straw and rations
having been previously procured, and the wants of the remaining wounded being supplied as well as facilities would permit, I
retreated to Chattanooga with the trains of wounded, picking up many by the way. The loss of all such records as were made,
the absence of the medical officers who could furnish the information necessary, together with the constant and prostrating
labors and anxieties since required by the sick and wounded, have prevented me from being able to make a satisfactory report,
and so far affected my health as almost to incapacitate me from doing so within the time required. Assistant Surgeon S. E.
Beach, 8th Kansas Volunteers, was seen near the hospital at four r. M. on the 20th instant, and not having since reported, is
supposed to have been captured. The next day after our arrival in Chattanooga, the 21st instant, all the wounded of this
division who were not sent to Bridgeport, Alabama, in wagon or ambulance trains, .were gathered into the sanitary rooms, and
under charge of Surgeon S. O. Himoe, 15th Wisconsin Volunteers, who attended them until the 24th instant, when, by order
of Surgeon (L Perin, U. S. A., medical director of the department, they were taken to the field hospital across the river, where
thuy now remain, except such as were sent away next day in wagons to Stevenson, Alabama. On the 24th instant, the
276 APPENDED DOCUMENTS WESTERN ARMIES, 18153.
1st brigade had a skirmish with the enemy in front of our breastworks at Chattanooga, in which one man was killed and two
were wounded. I am unable, I regret to say, to furnish even approximate lists of killed and wounded. Many of the slightly
wounded were sent northward before I could be spared at Chattanooga, and very many of the most seriously wounded were
left in the possession of the enemy. About two hundred wounded were left at Crawfish Spring, and many more on the field.
The entire loss of the two brigades of this division, as officially reported in killed, wounded, and missing, nearly all of whom
are said to have been wounded, is one thousand three hundred and forty-seven. The present strength of these brigades, at the
time of going into battle, was two thousand four hundred and thirty-three ; about one-sixth of those lost are believed to have
been taken unhurt. Several hospital stewards, cooks, and nurses were left with our wounded by my orders. Two ambulances
of this division were captured during the battle, the mules having first been shot ; two others, belonging to the 1st brigade,
were captured on Lookout Mountain while Colonel Watkins's cavalry Avere attacked there. Many of our convalescents were
marching with that cavalry command, but it is believed they mostly escaped. Assistant Surgeon J. P. Liddall, 22d Indiana
Volunteers, was with them."
CCXXIII. Extracts from a Iteport of the Wounded of the Second Division of the Twentieth
Corps at the Battle of Chickamauga. By Surgeon CHARLES SCHUSSLEK, Gtli Indiana
Volunteers.
"Since our last report from Stevenson, Alabama, the army continued in a favorable sanitary condition, with
the exception of some cases of remittent and intermittent bilious fevers, which, however, readily yielded to treatment. Although
the marches were laborious in coming over mountains, the number of sick were comparatively few. At Winton's we established
a hospital depot on September 10th, and from there sent with the wagons of the supply train seventy sick to Stevenson, Alabama.
On crossing Lookout Mountain, one man belonging to the 20th Ohio Battery was killed by the upsetting of a caisson, his skull
being fractured. * * I crossed Lookout Mountain the third time on the 17th. One four-horse ambulance was destroyed.
The army had a severe march this day. We camped near Crawfish Spring. On the 18th, we marched five miles, near a gap.
On the 19th, we marched in a northern direction. The division was preparing for encountering the enemy. The troops were in
good spirits, although in passing through the mountains the water of the creek seemed to give rise to many cases of diarrho3a.
f At one o'clock in the afternoon the division formed in line of battle, moving down a declivity through a partially timbered
country interspersed with some farms. I inquired of General Johnson about the propriety of establishing the hospital depot,
in which lie acquiesced, after a halt a mile further on. I then sent a messenger out to select a good eligible place, with a depot
for the ambulances, and another in the rear of the lines, some one thousand yards. The 1st brigade, General Willich's, entered
the woods, and in a few minutes after I had two wounded men to attend. The two other brigades also entered the fight, and
they also soon had wounded. The depot for receiving them was needed for the position of new troops, forming them in line
of battle, and, in consequence, had to be removed more to the rear. The ground selected to receive the wounded, which were
carried on by the ambulances from the first place, \vas distant nearly a mile on the left side of the Chattanooga road. On this
place Surgeon G. P. Ashman, 93d Ohio Volunteers, superintended, and Surgeon F. Irish, U. S. V., wras appointed to operate, having
with them all available assistant surgeons, nurses, hospital stewards, and the two army medical wagons. I had gone to the
battle-field and directed the removal of the wounded, and given such assistance as was needed. The surgeons with the regiments
were in their places, and dilligently attending to their duties. A short time in the evening, after I left the battle-field, the last
furious attack of the enemy was made on our division, and a great number of the wounded had to be removed. After three
o'clock in the morning I went the last time with four ambulances, and removed all of the wounded I could find. We labored
now in attending directly and dressing the wounded, and made them as comfortable as circumstances permitted. In the
morning, arrangements were made to amputate in a log house near by. After deciding on the cases absolutely requiring operation,
they were removed to the place, but the enemy moved around the woods, and soon our communication with the army was
interrupted. I now ordered all the less severely wounded, and those who could walk, to ascend the hill and secrete in the woods.
When I was certain that the enemy intended to assail our camp, I had the wrounded who needed transportation put on litters,
and the ambulances filled with wounded to move. At this time the camp was shelled, and the operations had to be suspended.
The place seemed now entirely untenable ; the shells flew in all directions. We still helped some of the wounded out of the
tents and out of the range of the fast-falling shells, which we fortunately avoided. After doing what I could, I retreated to
the hill. I sent word to the ambulance master to move on toward Chattanooga with the medical wagons. I went around
to find the wounded, and gave those most in need some stimulants and others assistance. We heard the yelling and hurrahing
of the enemy in our camps. After it became still, I returned from my shelter, but was soon confronted by Louisiana troops
and made a prisoner; but was allowed to attend to the wounded, having gone near to the camp. I had left word for those
remaining not to come out until I sent them word. In a short time I was released by the skirmishers of Genei-al Granger coming
gallantly into camp. I was advised by an officer to remove those in the camp a thousand yards to the rear, where there
was a house and temporary field hospital. This was a good deal of labor. I had the assistance of four of General Granger's
ambulances. I went a second time in the woods for some wounded, and was made a prisoner a second time. After dark I came
off and returned again to the camp hospital. Surgeons S. J. Young, 79th Illinois Volunteers, G. P. Ashman, 93d Ohio Volunteers,
Assistant Surgeons W. A. Collins, Cth Indiana Volunteers, J. M. Weaver, 93d Ohio Volunteers, and K. P. Tombs, 99th Illinois
Volunteers, were there still. The enemy had shelled the camp a second time. We slept there that night, and, in the morning,
aware that the enemy had passed on to Chattanooga, and that we were inside of his lines, we concluded to divide. Surgeons G. P.
Ashman, 93d Ohio Volunteers, S. J. Young, 7-9th Illinois Volunteers, J. M. Weaver, 93d Ohio Volunteers, and R. P. Tombs, 99th
Illinois Volunteers, preferred to remain and collect the remaining wounded, the rest of us to go on to the army. We commenced
our march carefully along the road on Monday the 21st, and airived safely in our lines in the course of the day. I reported to
General Johnson, and stated all the circumstances. The number of wounded left under the charge of the surgeons aforesaid
REPORTS OF SURGEONS GRIFFITHS AND PIIELPS. 277
amounted to thirty, as far as I could ascertain, some three or four nurses, some nourishment, but hardly enough to last.
Efforts by myself to return with provisions and ambulances were deemed inexpedient. At that time, a flag of truce sent there
returned unsuccessfully. The army inarched to Chattanooga. By order of Surgeon G. Perin, U. S. A., a camp hospital was
instituted three miles on the other side of the river, and, since, buildings have been assigned to form a division hospital, which is
in progress under the superintendence of Surgeon F. Irish, U. S. V. Part of the sick from the field hospital are to be removed
to this establishment; those who are comfortable, or not fit to transport, to remain under charge of Assistant Surgeon E. D.
Bowers, 93d Ohio Volunteers, with sufficient assistance, it forming a part or ward to the general hospital of the 2d division in
town."
CCXXIV. Extracts from a Report of the Wounded of the Third Division of the Twentieth
Corps at the Battle of Chickamauga. By Surgeon .D. J. GRIFFITHS, 2d Kentucky Volunteers.
"I have the honor to transmit the following report of field operations of this division since leaving Bridgeport,
September 2, 1863. Previous to this time, the division was stationed at Stevenson and Bridgeport, locations which are noted for
malarial diseases. Our morning reports indicated about two hundred cases of intermittents in the division. About ninety of these
patients were left in general hospital in Stevenson, the rest were taken with the column and improved gradually as we advanced.
We broke up camp September 2d, marched to Huggan Valley, about six miles from Bridgeport, rested there that night and
the next day, and commenced the ascent of Raccoon Mountain on the 4th. Colonel Laball, who was in the rear of the wagon
train, completed the ascent on the 5th ; the other two brigades marched to Trenton the same day. September 6th, we marched
southeast to Stevens's Mill, about twelve miles from Trenton, where we rested two days. While here we heard of the evacuation
of Chattanooga. On September 10th, we moved southward to Valley Head, at which place were left about sixty sick, under
charge of Surgeon Ernst Jahn, 15th Missouri Volunteers. We ascended Lookout Mountain the same day, and encamped at
night near Indian Fall, on the Yellow Fork of Little River. September llth, we inarched across Lookout Mountain, descended
into Shinbone Valley, and encamped on the state line of Georgia and Alabama at Alpine, where we remained until the morning
of the 13th, when wre recommenced the ascent of the formidable Lookout Mountain, and encamped on Little River, about eleven
o'clock at night. On September 14th, we marched to Stevens's Mill, a distance of twenty-three miles, and on September 15th,
to Johnson's Creek, seven miles, and encamped at the foot of Lookout Mountain. On the 16th, we reascended, crossed the
mountain, and encamped in McLamoi-e's Cove near Stevens's Gap, where we remained during the 17th. On the 18th, we marched
to Lee's Mill, and went into camp. We proceeded at dark to Pond Spring, having marched this day about twelve miles. On
September 19th, marched to Gordon's Mill, where the 3d brigade, commanded by Colonel Bradley, became engaged for a short
time, losing about one hundred men killed and wounded. I established a field hospital about one mile to the rear of Gordon's
Mill during the night, and remained there until the morning of September 20th, when the movement of our force to the left
caused me to evacuate and move my hospital to the position occupied by most of the other division directors as hospitals near
Crawfish Spring. I remained in this place and superintended the organization of a field hospital until about one o'clock in the
afternoon, when I was again forced to evacuate, leaving two surgeons in charge of the wounded whom it was necessary to
abandon, about forty in number. The ambulances had been sent to the front to obtain more of our wounded, as the 3d division
was again engaged, but none of them returned to this point. One of them was captured by the enemy, the others made their
escape loaded with wounded, across the Missionary Ridge into the valley of Chattanooga, and thence to Chattanooga. The
adjutant's report shows a loss of over one thousand five hundred in the two days' fighting on Chickamauga River. Not more
than one-fifth of them fell into our hands; nearly all of the severely wounded were left upon the field. Altogether this has been
the most unsatisfactory engagement as far as the care of the wounded was concerned, that I have ever been engaged in. I do
not think this can be ascribed to the medical officers; for, as far as they fell under my observation, they did their duty nobly and
fearlessly. Surgeon E. A. Merrifield, 44th Illinois Volunteers, is reported wounded and left upon the field. The medical officers
left in charge of the wounded were, Surgeon Thomas L. Magee, 51st Illinois Volunteers, and Assistant Surgeons Isaac W. Brown,
22d Illinois Volunteers, and Henry A. Goodale, and G. H. Blaker, 21st Michigan Volunteers. The names of the wounded
accompanying the report are only such as have been received into the division hospitals in charge of Surgeon Edward H.
Bowman, 27th Illinois Volunteers, and is very meagre when compared with our actual losses."
CCXXV. Report on the Operations of the Medical Staff of the Twenty-first Army Corgis
at the Battle of Chickamauga. By Surgeon A. J. FHELPS, U. S. Volunteers.
HEADQUARTERS TWENTY-FIRST ARMY CORPS, MKDICAL DIRECTOR'S OFFICE,
CHATTANOOGA, TENNESSEE, September 29, 1863.
"SlR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the medical department of the Twenty-first
Corps previous to, and at the battle of Chickamauga. Before leaving Murfreesboro', in June, 1863, this corps was placed in
a good and effective condition to meet the enemy. The train of ten wagons for reserve hospital supplies had been replenished.
Each regiment was supplied with one good ambulance, and each division with thirty additional ambulances, every ten of which
were placed under the charge of an ambulance master. The medical officers of each division were organized in such a manner
as to give to each officer a specific duty to perform, and certain of the medical officers were designated to remain with the wounded
in the event of a retreat. Thus prepared we marched against the enemy at Shelbyville, Tennessee. He declined battle and
precipitately retreated to the south side of the Tennessee River. In the skirmishing that took place at this time, our corps
scarcely fired a gun. The army then halting for several weeks, it became necessary for us to establish hospitals for the temporary
care of our .sick at Manchester and McMinnville, which was done by your order. Hospitals to accommodate two hundred and
lift v patients were established at these points, and requisitions were made upon my corps 'reserve supplies for this purpose.
278 APPENDED DOCUMENTS WESTERN ARMIES, 1803.
Finally, on August. 16th, we took up our line of march for Chattanooga, and crossed the Tennessee River at Shellmound on
September 4th and 5th, and occupied Chattanooga on the 9th, with but little skirmishing. Immediately upon arriving at this
place I examined the hospital accommodation it afforded, a report of which I made to you at the time. Our corps was ordered
to make immediate pursuit, and skirmished daily with the enemy, with a total loss of forty wounded besides the killed, until
Saturday, September 19th, when the battle opened in earnest. The day previous to the battle, the most favorable sites were
selected for our division field hospitals. They were selected within a mile and a half of Crawfish Spring, which was the only
accessible water, and, with a view to the possibility of a retreat, were placed upon roads that led to the rear, across Missionary
Ridge to Chattanooga Valley. These points were directly in the rear of our line of battle in the morning, but as the battle
seemed to be tending to the left, about noon I received an order from the medical director of the department to remove my
hospitals in that direction, which order was subsequently countermanded. Accordingly they were restored to their original
position, and during the day and night about one thousand two hundred wounded were received into these hospitals. On Sunday
morning, September 20th, I directed the corps purveyor-to issue his supplies equally to each of the three hospitals, to be used at
the discretion of the surgeons in charge. Toward noon it was discovered that the wounded ceased to come in, and that our
communication with the army was cut off. The cavalry corps only remained, which had been posted for the protection of the
hospitals and the right flank of our line of battle. At about two o'clock P. M., it became apparent that we were finally separated
from our forces, and that the cavalry was being slowly forced back upon us. I then gave the order to remove the hospitals over
the ridge to Chattanooga Valley. Upon arriving there, I discovered it was not prudent to stop short of Chattanooga, at which
place all arrived in the course of the succeeding night. The enemy, I have since learned, wras in possession of the ground
occupied by our hospitals within a few minutes after we had left. Every means of transportation was seized upon to carry away
our wounded, and but about two hundred were left behind. Fourteen medical officers of the corps were detailed to remain and
attend to these and to the wounded left upon the field, and a liberal supply of hospital stores were left for their use, besides a
number of hospital tents, which it was impossible to bring away. On Monday morning, by direction of the medical director of
the department, I assisted in the selection of a safe point beyond the Tennessee River for a general field depot for the wounded,
which was placed under the charge of Surgeon W. W. Blair, 58th Indiana Volunteers, chief surgeon of the 1st (Wood's)
division, and, at the present time, each division of this corps has its own surgeons in professional charge of its own wounded,
not sent forward to Bridgeport, all of whom are doing well. The strictly professional report of this battle must necessarily be
very unsatisfactory in consequence of our having lost the field, and with it the severest wounded in the Sunday's fight. The list
furnished by the division surgeons will be made out with all possible care, giving the location and character of wound, etc. The
firing was chiefly1 musketry at short range with conical hall. The cannonading was not proportionally as severe as at Stone's
River. The following is a statement of the number of killed and wounded reported in the corps. I am of opinion that one
hundred and fifty in addition will cover our losses: killed, officers, thirty- three; privates, two hundred and sixty-nine; wounded,
officers, one hundred and forty-two ; privates, two thousand and fifteen ; total, officers, one hundred and seventy-five ; privates,
two thousand two hundred and eighty-four, making an aggregate of two thousand four hundred and fifty-nine killed and
wounded. I wish to speak in terms of high commendation of the services rendered by Surgeon S. D. Tumey, U. S. V., surgeon-
in-chief 3d (Van Cleve's,) division, Surgeon \V. W. Blair, 58th Indiana Volunteers, surgeon-in-chief 1st (Wood's,) division,
and Surgeon S. G. Menzies, 1st Kentucky Volunteers, surgeon-in-chief 2d (Palmer's) division. The promptness with which they
located their hospitals and received and cared for the wounded, and the efficiency they exhibited throughout, even to the final
removal of their hospitals and wounded from the dangers of capture, recommends them to your high confidence. Also, I am
desirous to speak of the services of Assistant Surgeon B. II. Cheney, 41st Ohio Volunteers, and corps medical purveyor,
who was prompt in issuing his supplies and rendering professional assistance to the wounded. I know of no case of neglect of
duty on the part of the regimental medical officers of this corps; on the other hand, all evinced a desire to do their part well.
For special mention of such, and other matters specially connected with the divisions, I beg to refer you to the accompanying
reports of the division surgeons. In a few days, I expect to be able to forward a list of the names of the killed and wounded of
the corps.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
A. J. PHELPS,
Surgeon U. S. V., Medical Director Twenty-first Army Corps.
Surgeon G. PERIX, U. S. A., Medical Director Department of the Cumberland."
CCXXVI. Extracts from a Report of the Wounded of the First Division of the Twenty-first
Corps at the Jlattle of Chickamauga. By Surgeon W. W. BLAIR, 58th Indiana Volunteers.
" Our command marched from Ilillsboro', Tennessee, August 16th, by way of Pelham. passing over the mountains
to Sherman, in the Sequatchie Valley, which point we left on September 1st, marching directly to Shellmound, by way of Jasper.
On September 5th, we left Shellmound and marched toward Chattanooga, following the line of the Memphis and Chattanooga
railroad. On Sunday, September 6th, skirmishing with the enemy's pickets began and was continued during that day's march,
which left us within eight miles of Chattanooga. There were, however, no serious casualties upon our side. On Monday,
September 7th, a reconnoissance was made by Colonel Marker's brigade, near to the point of Lookout Mountain, during which
we had one man killed. On Wednesday, the 9th instant, we entered and occupied Chattanooga. During our passage around
the point of Lookout Mountain there was considerable skirmishing, but no casualties to us. On Thursday, the 10th instant,
we marched out on the Ringgold road across the Chickamauga River. On the forenoon of the llth instant, with one
brigade, we advanced within five miles of Ringgold, and, in the afternoon and night, we marched by a road intersecting the
Chattanooga and Lafayette road to Gordon's Mill on the Chickamauga River. Colonel Barker's brigade having been sent
early in the morning on a reconnoissance on the Lafayette road by way of Rossville, a considerable force of the enemy's cavalry
way driven back across the Chickamauga without loss to us. By twelve o'clock at night our two brigades were encamped
REPORT OF SURGEON W. W. P.LAIR. 279
at Gordon's Mill, the enemy's camp-tires in full view across the river, and a full division of his forces encamped at Crawfish
Spring, two miles to our right. On the 12th, 13th, and 14th. there were frequent skirmishes with the enemy. On the 14th
a member of the 64th Ohio Volunteers was wounded in the left forearm by a musket ball. On the 15th, ICth, and 17th,
there was frequent picket firing, but generally at long range; hence there was no serious result to us. On the 18th, it became
very manifest that a battle was to take place, and, without delay, I selected a location for a field hospital for this division in the
vicinity of Crawfish Spring, one and two-thirds of a mile from the location of the command, and one-third of a mile from the
spring. At ten o'clock A. M., I directed two medical officers from each brigade to take charge of the ambulance trains of their
respective brigades, and of the musicians of the various regiments, whose duty it was to carry the wounded from the field.
Collecting the remainder of my medical officers, their hospital attendants and hospital wagons, I moved back to the ground
selected for the hospital. I at once had a sufficient space policed, and wood and water provided for any emergency. Inasmuch
as our command was not engaged that day, our camp was not needed for ourselves; but late in the evening we received
fifteen wounded men from the command of Colonel Wilder, reported to me by the acting brigade surgeon, Samuel E. Mumford
surgeon 17th Indiana Volunteers. The most serious of these wounds was that of Lieutenant Drury, of the 17th Indiana
Volunteers, from a cannon ball, requiring amputation of lower limb two inches above ankle. Just at nightfall I received an
equal number of wounded from the command of Colonel Minty, who were properly cared for by the medical officers of my
command. On the morning of September 19th, I directed two medical officers belonging to each brigade to take one-half of the
ambulance train of their respective brigades and accompany the command; the remainder of the ambulance train I kept in the
vicinity of the hospital to meet any emergency that might arise. During the afternoon, about half-past three o'clock, our situation
seemed somewhat hazardous!, and, upon the medical director's advice, I had the entire encampment moved to a point more directly
in the rear of where the battle was then raging. Later in the evening, Surgeon G. Perin, U. S. A., directed that the wounded
should all be taken to Crawfish Spring or its vicinity, and I accordingly returned to the ground I had left but a few hours
before. I had scarcely arrived there when the wounded of the 1st division began to be brought in in large numbers, for they
had late in the evening been engaged in a terrific fight. By three o'clock A. Jr. of the 20th, my camp contained about four
hundred wounded, about three hundred of whom were from my own division. Extensive fires were kept up all night, and my
medical officers and attendants labored faithfully to alleviate the unutterable suffering with which we were, surrounded. At an
early hour on the morning of the 20th, I again sent out the usual number of medical officers, placing them in charge of every
available ambulance in the command. During the forenoon all the remaining officers labored diligently and efficiently among
the wounded. About twelve M. I forwarded to Chattanooga about one hundred and fifty Avounded men from my camp. Forty
of these, whose wounds were of the superior extremity, were able to walk ; the remainder I sent by wagon. By two o'clock p. M.
our situation became very insecure; the entire force of infantry had been withdrawn from our front and sent far to the left,
leaving us with only a small force of cavalry as a guard. At this time I received an order to remove as many of the wounded
as possible to the Chattanooga Valley, with hospital property, etc., and to place medical officers in charge of such cases as were
not transportable. Accordingly I placed Surgeon A. Ewing, 13th Michigan Volunteers, in charge of the wounded from this
division, assisted by Surgeon William B. McGavran, 26th Ohio Volunteers, Assistant Surgeons Samuel E. Holtzman and W. A.
Downey, 58th Indiana Volunteers, and Henry T. Woodruff, 100th Illinois Volunteers, leaving six hospital tents and my own
tent filled with wounded ; leaving also ample hospital stores, and such rations as I had at my command. After giving general
directions as to the removal of the wounded, hospital property, etc., I proceeded to Chattanooga Valley to assist in the selection
of suitable ground for re-establishing the hospital. On arriving there, I learned that transportation of all kinds was ordered to
Chattanooga that night, and, upon advising with the medical director, I determined to move forward to that point with my entire
hospital department. On arriving at this conclusion, I immediately returned, and met my hospital wagons and ambulances,
each filled to its utmost capacity with wounded, and accompanied with all the medical officers of my command not otherwise
assigned, all moving toward Chattanooga in the general train. At ten o'clock P. M. we arrived at the hospital in the vicinity
of the town, where our wounded were made as comfortable as the circumstances would allow. Early on the forenoon of Monday,
the 21st instant, leaving (Surgeon J. M. Todd, acting brigade surgeon 3d brigade, in charge of the wounded brought in the previous
night, I took the usual number of field surgeons and all the ambulances at my command, and reported to General Wood upon
Missionary Ridge, near Rossville. A renewal of the battle being imminent, I at once made suitable disposition of the field
surgeons, ambulances, and attendants, and returned to Chattanooga and made preparation for the reception of the wounded ;
but, to my great relief, none came which were of a serious character. Early on the morning of the 22d, I was ordered by
Surgeon G. Perin, U. S. A., to cross the Tennessee River, select suitable ground, and establish a general field hospital for the
wounded of the entire army. The selection of the ground which, with your assistance, I made, was two miles from the river,
and in the immediate vicinity of the Bridgeport road. I then placed Surgeon E. B. Click, 4()th Indiana Volunteers, acting
brigade surgeon of the 2d brigade, in charge of the division, and Surgeon J. M. Todd, 65th Ohio Volunteers, acting brigade
surgeon of the 3d brigade, in charge of our department of the general field hospital; appointing, also, Surgeon A. W. Hiese,
100th Illinois Volunteers, acting brigade surgeon of the 1st brigade, and Surgeon Abraham McMahon, 64th Ohio Volunteers, as
operating surgeons; and I am happy to say that the results from the operations performed by these gentlemen afford ample
evidence of their ability as surgeons. A large portion of my time was occupied in the executive department; hence I was able
to spend much less time among the wounded than I desired. On October 1st, in obedience to your order, I assigned Surgeon
.). M. Todd to the charge of the general hospital for this division in Chattanooga, and, on the 3d instant, also in accordance with
your order, I reported to General Wood for duty, and have taken charge of the medical department of this division as heretofore.
In behalf of the medical officers of this command, I am gratified to say that they, each and all, faithfully complied with the
orders given them by me throughout the entire engagement, and especially in behalf of those officers whose duty it became to
remain and care for our wounded who were left within the rebel lines, does it give me pleasure to state that I hear from them
the very best reports. Every soldier who has come within our lines concurs in the statement that they have done everything
that olliccrs could do under the circumstances to enhance the comfort of our men. The officers of the 2d brigade, although not
engaged iu the battle, have, under the direction of Surgeon E. B. Glide, 40th Indiana Volunteers, afforded valuable assistance
280 APPENDED DOCUMENTS WESTERN ARMIES, 18(53.
in the care for our wounded, and in the organization of our general hospital in town, which was done under the immediate
supervision of Surgeon E. B. Glick. For statistics please see the accompanying report of killed and wounded in the various
re"iments; also the report furnished by Surgeon A. Ewing, 13th Michigan Volunteers, from the hospital near Crawfish
Spring." *
CCXXVII. Extracts from a Report of the Wounded of the Second Division of the Twenty-
first Corps at the Battle of Chickamauga. By Surgeon S. G. MENZIES, 1st Kentucky
Volunteers.
* * * "On September 9th, 18G3, the division crossed Lookout Mountain, passed near Chattanooga, Tennessee, and
encamped at Rossville, five and one quarter miles from that town. The morning of the 10th it moved forward southward in hot
pursuit of the enemy five or six miles to Pea Vine Creek where the rebel cavalry, by a sudden dash on the extreme front,
captured fifty-six men and two officers, and, strange to tell, not a single man on either side was killed or wounded. Here we
stayed until next day, the llth, and inarched to Einggold, Georgia, sixteen miles from Chattanooga. On the morning of the
12th, moved across the country to Chickamauga River, at Lee's and Gordon's Mill, and camped in a bottom. During the day
had frequent skirmishes with the enemy; in one, took two cavalry prisoners. A general reconnoisance was made on the 13th,
but the rebels declined fighting. Crossed the river and camped on the Fayetteville Koad, one and a half to two miles below the
mills. The 2d and 3d brigades were marched from here the next day, 14th, across Missionary Ridge, six miles to the Chatta
nooga Valley road, at a point nine and one-half miles from Chattanooga. The 15th, crossed back over the ridge to the dry
valley, or McLamore's Cove road, which was followed to the house of Mathews, six miles from Gordon's Mill and four miles
beyond Crawfish Spring, where they were joined by General Cruft with the 1st brigade. Here the division rested until the
afternoon of the 17th, when it was moved two miles, near Crawfish Spring and four miles nearer the mill. On the night of the
18th it moved back to the ground occupied on the night of the 13th on the Chickamauga River and Lafayette road, two miles
below the mill, where it was destined to fight on the 19th and 20th. By examining the geography of this locality it will be
seen that we had been marching back and forth over the country within a circuit of ten or twelve miles for five or six days
reconnoitering the enemy. During this time the troops were very much exposed to heat and dust, and the dews at night. But
they kept up well and were in fine spirits for the battle. On the morning of the 19th we pitched our hospital for Palmer's division
in a hollow cove on the Missionary Ridge road, one mile from Crawfish Spring, and made preparations to care for the wounded.
The battle commenced about nine o'clock on the morning of the 19th ; at twelve o'clock we had received two men at the hospital,
one slightly wounded from the Sixth Ohio, and a rebel prisoner whose arm was amputated. At this time orders were received
from Medical Director A. J. Phelps, U. S. V., to move the hospital nearer the lines, which was done the distance of a mile, where
we received twenty or thirty wounded before preparations could be made to take care of them properly. At three o'clock it was
found the enemy would turn our left flank and expose us to a cross-fire, and we were ordered back to the first selected spot.
Before night upward of two hundred wounded men were brought from the field, which number was increased to several
hundred before twelve o'clock on Sunday, the 20th. Just after twelve o'clock on Sunday, we were ordered to abandon the hospital,
taking with us all the wounded that could be got off, and fall back toward Chattanooga. This order came before recording the
names, which was being done, could be finished. By using every means that offered, a large portion of the wounded and many
of the stores were brought away and reached this place on the night of the 20th. Twenty-three ambulances, containing upward
of ninety men, were cut off from the hospital about the time we abandoned it. The ambulance masters struck through the
woods and joined us on Missionary Ridge, and came also to Chattanooga in safety. The names of these men were never
recorded by us. The number saved from the hospital, and those in ambulances just mentioned, will, I believe, make the number
we brought away upward of four hundred. When the last of our vehicles left, the enemy's cavalry were within one-eighth of
a mile of the hospital. About thirty men were left with four medical officers, who are doubtless in the hands of the enemy.
Surgeon A. M. Morrison, 23d Kentucky; Surgeon J. M. Cooke, 24th Ohio; Assistant Surgeon C. P. O'Hanlon, 90th Ohio; and
E. M. Rowland, 24th Ohio. Ten men who died of their wounds were left at the hospital unburied. The wounds show a greater
proportion in the extremities than usual, and a very great proportion are slight. Out of the whole number which are reported
wounded, one thousand and twenty-two, it is probable ninety per cent, will recover. Killed, one hundred and three; missing
thirty-six; total, eleven hundred and sixty-one." *
CCXXVIIT. Extract from a Report of the Wounded of the Third Division of the Twenty-
first Corps at the Rattle of Chickamauga. By Surgeon SAMUEL D. TUKNEY, U. S.
Volunteers.
"The accompanying report of the killed and wounded in the 3d division, Twenty-first Corps, is respectfully
submitted. The report is very inaccurate for the following reasons : that the repeated change of position of our portion of the
army early in the action separated the hospital from it, that many of our wounded were unavoidably left upon the field, that the
removal of our hospital disturbed its organization, and that a portion of our medical officers are now in the enemy's lines. On
Saturday morning, the most suitable point for a field hospital, about one mile in the rear of our division, and about the same
distance north of Crawfish Spring, was selected, and, under charge of Surgeon B. M. Failor, 19th Ohio Volunteers, was rapidly
placed in order for the reception of wounded. During the day, about five hundred wounded from various divisions were received
and their wounds dressed. On Sunday, we were early cut off from communication with the army, and after waiting as long
as could be done with safety, about three o'clock in the afternoon, upon the recommendation of Surgeon Phelps, the order was
given to move the hospital. It was necessary in making this movement to leave behind sixty wounded, and to abandon for their
comfort a portion of our hospital stores. To attend these and the wounded left upon the battle-field, the following medical
REPORTS OF SURGEONS JAMKS AND HART. 281
officers were detailed and are now within the enemy's lines: Assistant Surgeons E. D. W. C. Wing, 51st Ohio Volunteers, W. G.
McFadden, 79th Indiana Volunteers, N. G. Bell, 35th Indiana Volunteers, John K. Moore, 13th Ohio Volunteers, Allen M.
Walton, 86th Indiana Volunteers. The other medical officers, with the transportable wounded and hospital stores, reported in
Chattanooga, Sunday night. The following day, by direction of Surgeon G. Perin, U. S. A., medical director of the army of the
Cumberland, the field hospitals of divisions were mei'ged into a general field hospital established on the opposite side of the
Tennessee River. All the wounded of the division not sent to Bridgeport, eighty-four in number, are now comfortably situated
at that point, under the charge of Surgeon Thomas R. W. Jeffray, 9th Kentucky Volunteers. Without implying censure upon
the medical officers of my command, I would especially notice for zeal, intelligence, and industry, Surgeons Thomas R. W.
Jeffray, 9th Kentucky Volunteers, B. M. Failor, 19th Ohio Volunteers, J. Jones,, 8Gth Indiana Volunteers, and Assistant Surgeon
E. D. W. C. Wing, 51st Ohio Volunteers."
CCXXLX. Extract from a Report on the Casualties in the Cavalry Corps of the Army of the
Cumberland at the Buttle of Chickamauga. By Surgeon L. A. JAMES, 4th Ohio Cavalry.
* * * "This report is necessarily very imperfect, owing to the fact that the command is now spread out a distance of
eighty miles up and clown the river, guarding fords, and I have not, as yet, been able to get the official reports from the surgeons.
This command consists of two divisions divided into six brigades. The 1st brigade, 2d division, was located near Jasper, and
upon the army moving across the Tennessee River, at Stevenson, took its position as a guard to the left wing, under command of
Major General Crittenden. The 2d brigade of this same division was with the main body of cavalry at Stevenson. The 3d
brigade of this division was stationed along the railroad between Nashville and Stevenson. . The main body of cavalry, composed
of the 1st division, and 2d brigade 2d division, crossed the river at Caperton's Ferry on September 8, 1862, and took up their
line of march over Sand Mountain to Valley Head. From thence we pi-oceeded over Lookout Mountain to Alpine, in Georgia,
where we first encountered the rebel cavalry under command of General Wheeler. We drove the enemy from his position with
small loss. From this place we made reconnoissances to within ten miles of Rome, and three miles of Lafayette. *At the latter
place we found the enemy in full force, both of infantry and cavalry. From Alpine, we were ordered back on Lookout Mountain,
thence to proceed to Stevens's Gap, to guard the right wing of the army, under command of Major General McCook. On
September 19th and 20th, the days when the battle was raging, the cavalry was at or near Crawfish Spring, and fighting the
enemy continually, successfully holding him in check, and being able to bring off all the trains. In round numbers, the losses
of this command may be put down as follows: 1st division, 1st brigade, five killed, eleven wounded; 2d brigade, six killed, nine
wounded; 3d brigade, ten killed, thirty wounded. Second division, 1st brigade, eight killed, thirty-one wounded; 2d brigade,
eleven killed, forty-one wounded. Grand total, forty killed, one hundred and twenty-two wxmnded."
CCXXX. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical /Staff. By Assistant Surgeon
SAMUEL HAKT, U. S. Volunteers.
" I was assigned to duty May 30, 1863, with the 16th United States Infantry, 3d brigade, 1st division, Fourteenth
Corps. Following the enemy southward in June, our brigade of regulars had a very successful and creditable engagement with
the enemy at Hoover's Gap. The 16th United States Infantry losing three killed and one wounded. In the late destructive
battle of Chickamauga, the brigade sustained the remarkable loss of about seventy-five per centum, in killed, wounded, and
missing. On one occasion the command held its position with such obstinacy as to be entirely surrounded. The loss was greatest
in captured, only thirteen wounded of the 16th United States Infantry were brought off with us, the ground being held by the
enemy. This battle compares well with Chancellorsville in extent and general results, but to the surgeon there are differences.
In the late battle there was a comparatively small amount of artillery used, especially by the enemy; hence fewer shell injuries.
It appears a large number of musket round balls, and western rifles were used ; of these two, mostly the former, I found lodged
twenty-three, of the miniu ball, twenty-eight. This, of course, would not give the true proportion of the kind of arms used.
No time was allowed here for operations on the field, except a part of the first day, when water not being obtainable, the hospitals
had been established at inconvenient distances, particularly for the left wing. I am of opinion that a less number of primary
operations were performed than after any engagement I have ever witnessed, and that the facilities here are not equal to those of
the army of the Potomac for the prompt and efficient care of the wounded. Also that the allowance of the leading and simple
articles of medicine are as much below the requirements here as they have seemed, sometimes, too abundant elsewhere. The
difference to the proportion of sick was very considerable. Carelessness in making requisitions, or difficulty in obtaining the regular
or special supplies, must account for it of course. I liked the plan of the brigade hospital wagon and supply."
CCXXXL Extracts from a Report on the Hospitals at Chattanooga after the Battle of
Chickamauga. By Surgeon ISKAEL MOSES, U. S. Volunteers.
"I repaired to Chattanooga and arrived on Friday, September 16th, with orders from Surgeon Perin, U. S. A.,
to prepare beds for three thousand wounded. I found scant supplies for not more than five hundred, and buildings capable of
holding that number, built by the Confederates and occupied as a hospital with about one hundred and fifty sick already in ; also
a large building, two stories, built by the Confederates as a receiving hospital, capable of holding one hundred and fifty. These
buildings were without doors or windows, and destitute of every convenience. A partial supply of medicines, blankets, furniture
and dressings was on hand, estimated for one thousand men, but deficient in many articles. I selected several buildings which
might be converted into hospitals. On Saturday, September 19th, an engagement took place about seven or eight miles distant,
and was renewed with great fierceness during the forenoon of the 20th, Sunday. Our wounded numbered over six
282 APPENDED DOCUMENTS WESTERN ARMIES, 1863.
thousand. On this and the following day, as nearly as I can estimate, four thousand wounded officers and men were received
and assigned to various buildings and private houses, hotels and churches. The following general hospitals were established
during Sunday and Monday: No. 1, buildings on the hill, which received nearly one thousand; No. 2, receiving hospital at base'
of hill which received about three hundred; No. 3, Crutchfield Hotel, which was taken possession of and accommodated, on
beds and floors, about five hundred ; No. 4, three churches, Avhich held about two hundred ; No. 5, lofts over buildings, occupied
as the commissary storehouses, which received about three hundred; No. 6, buildings opposite the above, which accommodated
four hundred; No. 7, officers hospital No. 1, a large brick building on a hill, which received one hundred officers; No. 8, officers
hospital No. 2, a large private mansion, which received thirty-five; No. 9, private houses were taken late at night, and about one
hundred and fifty to two hundred and fifty obtained shelter. All the severe cases were dressed the same night as they arrived,
and others the next day, and all received food, of which many had been deprived for two days. This work was performed by
a corps of forty-three surgeons, who reported to me either by order or as volunteers, of whom were four Confederate medical
officers. About three-fourths of the wounds were flesh, or of a lighter character, the other fourth being of the gravest character
inflictedj>y musketry. Few shell wounds, or by round shot, were seen, owing to the fact that little artillery was employed by
the enemy. On Monday the lighter cases were sent across the pontoon bridge, and on Tuesday others to the number of nearly
three thousand. The officers who could bear transportation were sent in ambulances toward Stevenson. On Wednesday not
more than eight hundred of the gravest cases remained in town, and many of them have since been removed to the camp hospital.
Owing'to the establishment of division hospitals, there remains under my charge only Hospital No. 1, the Crutchfield Hotel, and
officers' hospital. Into these hospitals Avere received on the evening of September 29th, about two hundred and fifty wounded,
who were brought in from the Confederate lines. Our hospitals are, at the present time, crowded beyond their capacity, and
should they thus continue it would render a serious fear in my mind, that our operations would be unsuccessful. I have performed
a large number of amputations and resections in the several hospitals, all of which thus far promise well. Operations have been
performed by various surgeons in charge of hospitals and on the field, with a fair amount of success thus far. The amputations
have been mostly by circular mode. To this date, five cases of tetanus have come to my notice, but none of hospital gangrene or
erysipelas. The general condition of the patients is good, but our hospitals are greatly in need of bunks and mattresses, at least
one-third of the grave cases being still on the floor, with only a folded blanket to lie on. In view of the increasing risk of so
many patients with suppurating wounds being crowded together, I would respectfully suggest an early provision for increased
accommodations by tents with flooring, and that new temporary pavilions be constructed out of some incomplete buildings south
of the railroad depot."
CCXXXII. Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Staff of the Second
and Third Divisions of the Eleventh Corps at the Battle of Wauhatchie. By Surgeon D.
G. BRINTON, U. S. Volunteers.
» * * « On the morning of October 28, 1863, the 2d and 3d divisions of the Eleventh Corps broke camp at Whiteside
Station on the Chattanooga and Nashville railroad, and followed the wagon road that leads over Raccoon Mountain into the
valley of Lookout Creek. An engagement was anticipated at any moment, and the chief surgeons of the divisions were
constantly on the lookout for the most favorable locations for a field hospital. The command had no hospital tents, and but a
limited supply of medical stores and stimulants, and ambulances afforded the only means of transportation. ' A slight
skirmish occurred in the afternoon in which we lost one man killed and three wounded. * * During the night the enemy
made an attack in force. A field hospital was established in a convenient location with good supplies of wood and water. Fires
were lighted, candles procured, and a supply of straw for bedding was obtained from a neighboring barn. Operating tables were
made, and the hospital stores of the different regiments were collected at this point. The whole was placed in charge of Surgeon
W. H. Gunkle, 73d Pennsylvania Volunteers. When the firing ceased, the ambulances were put in motion for the scene of action
and plied to and fro until daylight. At early dawn, I rode over the field and found but three wounded remaining. ' At
the hospital, one hundred and nine wounded were received, three of them were Confederates. Four amputations were performed ;
two of the thigh, one of the arm, and one of the hand. Eight patients died in the hospital. * * Orders were received during
the day to transfer the wounded to the general field hospital on the opposite bank of the river. All the wounds recorded were
by small arms, except some contusions and one shell wound. In such an action as this, if anywhere, we would look for bayonet
wounds. Here was a charge, a hand-to-hand contest literally. Some of the contusions were given by clubbed muskets, and
more than one man took his prisoner after a mutual set-to with fists. Not a bayonet wound is recorded. I looked for them, but
neither saw nor heard of any." * * *
CCXXXIII. Extracts from a Report on the Hospitals of the Second Division of the Twelfth
Corps at the Battle of Wauhatchie. By Surgeon J. E. UEBBST, U. S. Volunteers.
"On the morning of October 29th, I selected, as a depot for the wounded, a, commodious house, situated about
one mile in the rear of our line, and which I observed during the close of our previous days' march, as especially adapted for
hospital purposes, in case of an engagement in the vincinity. I transmitted a description of the selection as quickly as possible
to the surgeons-in-chief of brigades, and to the medical officers of the various regiments. The amount of our medical and
hospital stores was exceedingly limited, and was composed of such articles as were absolutely demanded for service in the field,
which I pressed into service from the medical purveyor's supply at Bridgeport, Tennessee. These consisted of one box bandages,
one hundred yards of isinglass plaster, two do/en beef stock, and one box candles. My supply of chloroform was exceedingly
limited. Our wounded were removed from the field with tolerable dispatch, considering the imperfect organization of ambulances,
•which, fifteen in number, were borrowed from the train of the Eleventh Corps. The surgeons worked untiringly during the
MAP OF THE
VICINITY OF
CHATTANOOGA & CHICKAMAUCA
EEPORTS OF SURGEONS HERBST AND PERIN. 283
entire night, dressing the wounded and making them comfortable, and we were prepared by daylight to perform primary
amputations, in all the severe cases requiring such treatment. Having reported our position and condition to the general com
manding the division, I was advised by him to remove the wounded to some new location on the road leading from Wauhatchie
to Kelly's Ferry, on the Tennessee, as he apprehended an attack on the flank near which the hospital was located. I proceeded to
act in accordance with the suggestion, and with my limited means of transportation, all the wounded were removed to our second
location by four o'clock P. M., except two of the 137th New York Volunteers and five wounded prisoners. As soon as the removal
of the wounded was determined upon, Surgeon J. L. Dunn, 107th Pennsylvania Volunteers, volunteered to remain and superintend
the removal of the wounded, and to be taken prisoner if necessary in the performance of this duty. Contrary to instructions and
to my understanding of the matter, he retired from his volunteered position before all were removed. Those who remained as above
stated, were removed on the following day and carefully provided for. During the course of the morning of the 29th, Surgeon
G. Perin, U. S. A., medical director of the Army of the Cumberland, visited us at the hospital of our second selection, and
observing our total deficiency of hospital tents and accommodations, suggested the propriety of sending our wounded to a field
hospital already organized, and situated one and a half miles beyond the pontoon bridge across the Tennessee at Brown's Ferry.
A suggestion from such authority, and from one so well acquainted with the nature of the accommodations offered, amounted to
an order, and I proceeded at once to act in accordance with it, and the wounded were removed simultaneously from both hospitals
to the field hospitals across the river. Dr. Perin promised to send me, immediately upon his return, a number of ambulances to
assist in the speedy removal, but these failed to report. I have understood since that they were sent, but, through the careless
ness of the officer in charge, they failed to find the location of our hospital. In the meantime all the medical officers were diligent
in their endeavors to provide booths and shelter and refreshment for the wounded, and dress their wounds and perform as many
primary operations as possible, taking the severest cases first. The organization of our hospital was similar to that at Gettys
burg, and each medical officer performed his duties with great promptitude. Surgeon E. Hutchinson's, 137th New York Vol
unteers, services were especially valuable in every department, and Surgeon A. K. Fifield, 29th Ohio Volunteers, reported in
person upon the arrival of his regiment, and performed several operations with his usual skill. On the morning of October 30th,
I visited Chattanooga to solicit the loan of a sufficient number of ambulances to remove the remainder of the wounded. The
weather becoming very inclement from the abundant showers that fell almost without intermission, I procured other necessary
medical and hospital supplies, consisting of blankets, chloroform, lint, bandages, beef stock, &c., and a sufficient number of
ambulances to shelter the wounded from the rain and transport them to Kelly's Ferry, instead of the field hospital, as before
suggested byTDr. Perin. This was done in accordance with an order received from General Thomas granting me the power to
seize all buildings suitable for hospital purposes, and collect all the wounded and have them forwarded by boat to Bridgeport,
Tennessee. They were made very comfortable here, and on the morning of November 1st, I shipped them as directed to
Bridgeport in two barges under the care of Surgeon J. D. McClure, 147th Pennsylvania Volunteers. Considering our very
imperfect equipment for the field, I am happy to announce to you that the wounded fared remarkably well and received every
possible attention. The number of casualties during the battle of Wauhatchie as per accompanying report amounts to thirty-
four killed, one hundred and seventy-four wounded and ten missing; and we treated in our hospital twenty-four wounded pris
oners; most of the latter were severely wounded. The enemy in their night attack used no artillery, and all the wounds of our
men were made with the minie' ball, with the exception of two. I noticed no peculiarity in the wounds received worthy of
mention, having been received alike in all parts of the body, no abatis or breastworks having been constructed. Surgeon J.
Wolf, 29th Pennsylvania Volunteers, was appointed surgeon-in-charge, and Surgeon E. Hutchinson, 137th New York Volunteers,
recorder and assistant. The operating staff was the same, in part, as at Gettysbui'g."
CCXXXiV. Report of the Operations of the M'edical Department at the Battle of Chatta
nooga. By Surgeon GLOVER PERIN, U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Army of the
Cumberland.
"SiR: I have the honor to transmit herewith a list of the killed and wounded at the battle of Chattanooga. As was
stated in my report of the conduct of affairs after the battle of Chickamauga, the battle of Chattanooga had long been expected,
and preparations for the care of the wounded were made on as large a scale as the interests of the quartermaster, commissary,
and ordnance departments would permit. The wounded from the battle-field of Chickamauga had been transferred to the rear,
except about two hundred of the graver cases; the hospitals contained also two hundred and fifty sick. As fast as the hospital
at Stringer's Spring had been vacated, the regimental hospital tents were returned to the commands from which they were
taken. The town of Chattanooga was divided into districts, which were assigned to the three army corps. Tents were pitched
near the buildings selected for hospitals, and bunks made from such materials as could be found. A large number of mattresses
and blankets were at hand. These preparations I deemed as complete and extensive as could be made for the graver cases,
while the winter cabins left vacant by the command answered for those slightly wounded. These huts, though rudely constructed,
answered an excellent purpose. They were usually provided with a chimney, sufficiently lighted and well ventilated. When
the first gun was fired, the medical officers were in the places assigned them, ready to attend to their respective duties. The*
ambulance trains were well managed, and did effective service, though small, and the animals in bad condition from the want
of forage. Order and deliberation seemed to characterize every movement in this battle. There was no confusion. The
wounded were quietly removed from the field each day, and conveyed to the proper hospitals, where they received the attention
their cases required. Soon after the battle the weather grew quite cold, and the rains continued frequent, so that the difficulty
of transferring patients to the rear increased. The road to Kelly's Ferry became impassable, and the boats that now came to
the town were not constructed in such manner as to afford shelter; nevertheless a few patients were sent whenever the weather
was pleasant. By December 6th, the field hospital on the north side of the river was broken up, and the tents transferred and
ewted upon a slightly elevated ridge bordering Chattanooga Creek, and about a mile from the town. This new site was selected
with a view to permanency, and ••vi'fythiiif.r arranged accordingly. As soon as it was ready for the occupation (it patients, the
284 APPENDED DOCUMENTS WESTERN ARMIES, 18G3.
hospitals in the town were relieved from their overcrowded condition. In the location of the field hospital reference was had
to the contiguity of wood, an important object during the winter, particularly when, from the starved condition of the animals,
it was found almost impossible to procure sufficient quantities for the hospitals in town. The difficulty of procuring suitable diet
for the patients after this battle was not so great as was experienced after the battle of Chickamauga, yet it gave rise to no little
trouble and anxiety. There was still an obvious deficiency in such articles of diet as a careful surgeon would desire for his
patients. Owing to the inclement weather and deficiency of hospital tents, we were obliged to use buildings as hospitals which
were constructed for warehouses, private residences, etc., and therefore not susceptible of proper ventilation. Thus, it will be
observed, that in the treatment of the wounded of this battle we had to contend against the evils of prolonged low temperature,
deficient nutrition, and defective ventilation of hospitals. Surgeon F. H. Gross, U. S. V., medical director of the Fourteenth
Corps, Surgeon A. J. Phelps, U. S. V., medical director of the Fourth Corps, and Surgeon D. G. Brinton, U. S. V., medical
director of the Eleventh Corps, were active and efficient in the performance of their duties. I would respectfully invite attention
to their reports, herewith transmitted, for minor details of the conduct of officers in their respective corps. Assistant Surgeon
Dallas Bache, U. S. A., assistant medical director, was present, and rendered valuable service.
Very respectfully*, your obedient servant,
G. PERIN,
To THE ACTING SURGEON GENERAL U. S. ARMY." Sure/eon U. S. A., Medical Director.
CCXXXV. Report on the Operations of the Medical Department at tlie Battle of Chatta
nooga. By Surgeon JOHN MOORE, U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Army of the
Tennessee.
"GENERAL: The following report of the battle of Chattanooga, as far as participated in by the araiy of the Tennessee, is
respectfully submitted. This long delay is owing to the fact that, from the day following the battle to January 1st, we were
constantly on the march, and that in one week afterward I was ordered on business to Vicksburg and Memphis, and only
returned on February 26th. At the time I left, the reports of casualties from division surgeons had not been received. The
troops engaged in the battle were four divisions, forming the Fifteenth Corps, under the command of Major General W. T.
Sherman, and making an aggregate of twenty thousand men. After the surrender of Vicksburg these troops were encamped
along the Big Black River about twenty miles in rear of the town, a locality considered by the inhabitants to be very unhealthy.
The percentage of sick in this command has been, throughout the summer, higher than that of the troops stationed in Vicksburg.
On September 28th, they were put on transports and brought to Memphis. All serious cases of sick had been previously sent
on board the hospital steamers R. C. Wood and Charles McDougal, both of which arrived before the embarkation. On arrival
at Memphis, all who were not able to undergo a march of twenty miles a day were ordered to convalescent camp or hospital.
From Memphis a portion of the command went by rail to luka, one hundred and twenty miles, and the remainder marched. On
October 27th, orders were received to cross the Tennessee River at Eastport, and march to Chattanooga by roads on the north or
western side. The route was through Florence, Alabama, Fayetteville and Winchester, Tennessee, to Bridgeport, Alabama, the
point at which the Memphis and Charleston railroad crosses the Tennessee River, and thence to Chattanooga, which was reached
on November 23d. The command, without crossing, moved four miles up and camped on the western side. The country marched
through was fertile, well cultivated, and beautifully variegated. Supplies were found of all kinds in abundance, and were freely
taken. As a result of this, the whole command had very much improved in health. Several hundred men, who, on the
beginning of the march, were found unable to keep with the column and had to be carried in the ambulances, were now in
vigorous health. Before daylight on November 24th, one division had crossed the river, and thrown up intrencbments to serve
as a tlte-du-pont for the pontoons. This was begun at daylight, and completed before noon, when the whole corps crossed, and,
forming on the eastern side, marched in three columns to the attack of that part of Missionary Ridge, immediately to the west of
Tunnel Hill. The hill was in our possession before four o'clock in the afternoon, with no other casualty than a severe flesh
wound in the arm of General Giles Smith. Up to this time it had not been decided whether the hospital should be established on
the eastern or western side of the river. The great convenience of having them on the same side as the troops engaged was, of
course, obvious; but it was feared they would be under fire. But when we had possession of a portion of the ridge, and
eawr the range of the enemy's shot, it was decided to place hospitals in suitable positions near the bridge, about five miles above
Chattanooga, and two in rear of our line of battle. Directions to this effect were given to the division surgeons, and the wagons
and ambulances containing the regimental hospital tents and hospital property were driven to the points indicated, and their
erection pushed forward as rapidly as possible. About nine o'clock the following morning, portions of the corps were constantly
engaged near the rebel intrenched position at Tunnel Hill, from this time until about four in the afternoon, with short intervals,
and on the close approach of our troops to the enemy's intrenchments, great numbers were killed and wounded. As soon as the
action commenced, the ambulances, of which there were two to a regiment, with their stretcher-bearers, were sent out to the
front. Owing to the fact that the firing of the enemy was nearly parallel with the direction of the ridge, the ambulances came
safely to the foot of it, thus getting much nearer than is usual during the continuance of an engagement, and in this way greatly
facilitating the removal of the wounded. On the return of the ambulances to their respective divisions, the wounded were taken
in charge by the surgeons detailed for that purpose. These were organized substantially on the plan adopted more than a year
since by Surgeon J. Letterman, U. S. A., and found to work well in the army of the Potomac. One medical officer was retained
with each regiment, who, with hospital knapsack and pocket case, was prepared to attend to cases requiring immediate care, and
to direct such as were slightly wounded the way to the field hospital. All the wounded were brought off before night, except a
small number who fell so near the rebel intrenchments that they could not be reached. But all these were brought off before ten
o'clock that night, when it was found that the enemy had abandoned his position. Several of the regiments had large medicine
wagons, which, although ill adapted on account of their great weight for marches over bad roads, yet on this occasion, were
found of very great service. The cooking stoves and operating tables were at once put to important uses. A suilick'iit amount
EEPOET OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR MOORE, U. S. A. 285
of beef essence, and all needed stimulants were on hand for use during the day, and, on the following day, a large supply of
both these important articles, together with one thousand two hundred blankets, arrived from Nashville in charge of a medical
officer, who had been dispatched for that purpose a week before the battle. Straw was found in abundance in the neighborhood,
and the tents being thickly littered with it made a comfortable bed, which was improved in all severely injured cases, by spread
ing a blanket or gutta-percha cloth over the straw and laying the wounded man on this. In two of the divisions the tents were
inadequate for the accommodation of their wounded, and temporary shelters, made of lumber taken from vacant buildings in the
neighborhood, were improvised, which answered the purpose very well. The weather for the first two or three days after the
battle was warm and clear, and fires were not needed to make the hospitals comfortable. This time was improved to the utmost
in extending and improving the appliances for cooking, by the erection of temporary kitchens out of poles, and covering them
with tent Hies or boards, as well as in collecting from houses in the neighborhood such large pots as were not essential for the use
of the inhabitants. It should be added here that these articles were either returned to the owners or left on breaking up the
hospitals. At the same time lumber was collected for the construction of bunks or forms to raise the men from the ground, and,
in a few days, enough of these were made to accommodate all who were so severely hurt as to be compelled to keep their beds.
On these bunks sacks filled with straw were laid, thus making a very comfortable bed. On the day following the battle, the
corps was ordered in pursuit of the retreating enemy, and all the medical officers that could be spared from the hospitals were
ordered away with their respective regiments. As another engagement was expected, the details for hospitals, both as to medical
officers and attendants, was much more limited than would have been if no advance had been made, and for this reason the more
credit is due to the surgeons in charge for getting their men quite comfortable with what, under ordinary circumstances, would
be considered inadequate assistance. Supplies composed of the ordinary soldiers' ration were obtained from Chattanooga. This
was varied and improved during the first ten days by additions in the way of mutton, chickens, and beef brought in by enter
prising foraging parties from the surrounding country. These predatory excursions were then stopped by orders from the depart
ment commander. About eight days after the battle, the weather became very cold, and as heating stoves were not to be had, other
expedients for warming had to he resorted to. Where brick was obtainable it was used for the construction of chimneys or flues,
and when this failed chimneys were built of sticks and mud, or flues made through the tents by digging a small trench from the
outside through the tent terminating from five to eight feet beyond the opposite side. This trench was then covered with flat stones,
an inch or two of earth thrown over these, and a chimney or flue some eight or ten feet high erected at one end, and the fire made
in the other. Where railroad iron can be procured, as often occurs, the rails may be used instead of stones to make the top of
the flues. When properly covered with clay, this makes an admirable heating arrangement; the same flue then can be run
through several tents. The hospital under charge of Surgeon Joslyn, U. S. V., was considered by many who saw it as one of
the best they had seen in the field; he displayed uncommon energy and aptitude in conducting it. Very much credit is due
Surgeon E. O. F. Roler, 55th Illinois Volunteers, acting inspector Fifteenth Corps, who was ordered back from the march to have
a general supervision of all the division hospitals, as well as to Assistant Surgeon D. L. Huntington, U. S. A., who has been in
my office as assistant medical director since July last, and who, arriving the day after the battle, was ordered to remain and assist
in looking after the hospitals. His zeal and intelligent industry, as well as his acquaintance with most of the staff officers of the
department of the Cumberland, through whom supplies for our wounded were necessarily obtained, enabled him to render very
important aid to those in immediate chai-ge. On the morning of the '25th, I met Dr. Xewberry, of the U. S. Sanitary Commission,
who kindly offered many luxuries for the wounded that were not obtainable elsewhere, and of course the offer was thankfully
accepted. And, while speaking of this, I may add, that it has often been my experience in this department to find the U. S.
Sanitary Commission prepared to furnish hospitals, not only with luxuries, not to be expected from the subsistence department,
but with vegetables of an indispensable character, as potatoes and dried fruits, which were not to be had of the commissaries for
the reason as alleged, they could not be brought through for want of transportation. This was the case for months in Vicksburg
last summer, and is true of this place at the present time. It is mortifying to be dependent upon an outside charitable organiza
tion for important supplies, acknowledged to be a legitimate part of the ration. The three division field hospitals established
above Chattanooga were continued for twenty-five days after the battle. The success of treatment in these hospitals was much
more gratifying than in those established in houses in Chattanooga, to which the wounded of the army of the Cumberland were
taken. Erysipelas, hospital gangrene, and other adynamic disease's prevailed among those to an enormous extent, while in the
field hospitals there was not a single case of gangrene, and but one slight one of erysipelas. This immunity in the wounded of
the Fifteenth Corps was probably due to two causes. In the first place, it has been proven by experience on many occasions in
this war, that men recover more rapidly from wounds when placed comfortably in tents, where they get an abundance of fresh
air, than in such hospitals as are usually improvised from the houses of a town, taken promiscuously; and probably quite as well
as in the majority of our general hospitals, where it is almost impossible to prevent more or less contamination of the atmosphere,
into which evaporations are continually passing from a large aggregation of open suppurating wounds. In the second place, the
men of the army of the Tennessee, although, exposed to malarious influences during the preceding summer, had entirely
recovered from its effects, during their long march from Memphis, through a fruitful and interesting country; they went into the
battle in vigorous health, and exultant from previous military successes; whereas, the army of the Cumberland, after the repulse
at Chickamauga and return to Chattanooga, in addition to very arduous duties, was, for many days, on reduced rations; for
several days in fact, corn on the ear was issued in lieu of bread or flour. The 1st division of the Fifteenth Corps having been
separated from the rest of the command by the accidental breaking of a pontoon bridge across the Tennessee River, was attached
to the command of General Hooker, and fought at Look-out Mountain on the 24th, Missionary Eidge on the 25th, and at the
mountain pass near Kinggold, Georgia, on the 27th. The field hospital was established below Chattanooga, near the scene of the
first day's fight, and all the wounded except about thirty, who were sent to the hospitals in the town, were sent to this place
from the three battles in which the division was engaged. On the return of the different divisions from the pursuit, the hospitals
were relieved of all cases that could be taken care of in the regiments.
Through the kind assislance of Surgeon G. lYrin, U. S. A., medical director, army of the Cumberland, the little steamers
nil the river were pill ai the disposal of Surgeon K. (). F. Koler, 55th Illinois Volunteers, who was (lieu superintending cur
286 APPENDED DOCUMENTS WESTERN ARMIES, 1803.
hospitals, and permission being given to send all cases to the hospitals in Nashville that were in condition to be sent. During the
21st and 22d of December, these were sent on board the boats to Bridgeport, accompanied by nurses arid medical officers. At
Bridgeport they were taken in ambulances to the receiving field hospital of that place, and in a day or two sent by comfortable
hospital cars to Nashville. The kindness, patience and care shown to the wounded by the surgeons and nurses on these cars
excited my admiration. Those not in condition to be sent to Nashville, were sent to the camp hospital near Chattanooga,
established by Surgeon Perin, where they could be much more easily supplied ; surgeons and attendants were sent with them.
Some of the surgeons showed skill in the performance of operations, and, on the whole, as well as I could ascertain, this part of
their duties was. very well performed. None were permitted to operate but those previously selected, for their known or pre
sumed knowledge in this branch of surgery. No cases of tetanus have been reported. Chloroform was administered in all
except two of the important operations performed. Two amputations of the thigh appear from the tabular report to have been
performed without anaesthetics. No reason for this has been assigned. It is probable the shock was so great as, in the opinion
of the surgeon, to render its administration hazardous. This objection I believe is not considered valid by -the majority of
good authorities. No casualty resulted from its administration in one hundred and thirty-six cases. Sixteen cases of secondary
haemorrhage occurred. The attempts at conservative surgery in wounds of the knee-joint were not encouraging. Of sixteen
cases reported as occurring in the 2d, 3d and 4th divisions, seven underwent primary amputation, and seven were treated without
amputation. On the 25th day, one case not amputated had died, and but two were reported as favorable for recovery without
loss of leg. From these same divisions I have received the following tabular summary of important operations, giving results up
to 25th day after battle. It was compiled by Surgeon Roler, 55th Illinois Volunteers, in general charge of the hospitals. Ampu
tations of leg, seven; of which six were primary and one secondary operations; one death resulted from primary operations;
amputations of thigh, twenty-one; of which seventeen were primary and four secondary operations; three deaths resulted from
primary and two from secondary operations. Amputations of arm and forearm, twenty-one ; of which nineteen were primary
and two secondary operations ; one death resulted from secondary operation. On the whole there was as little suffering from delay
or want in this battle as is likely to ever occur; and this is due to the following causes: The day was fine; the roads for the
ambulances good; those in charge of bearing off the wounded did their duty; the battle was expected; began in the morning and
terminated before night; the hospital tents were ready before the wounded began to arrive; and supplies sent for to Nashville
arrived at the proper time; and lastly, Surgeon G. Perin, U. S. A., medical director army of Cumberland, was ever prompt to
furnish anything he had to spare from his own supplies. I regret that the surgical statistics I send are so meagre and unsatis
factory. Where the medical force left in the hospitals is barely sufficient to attend to the wants of those under their care, it
requires more zeal in the interests of science, and generally more knowledge of what is of interest to note, than is found among
the majority of army surgeons, to induce them to keep any intelligent record of important cases. In future I hope to improve the
report in this respect by directing special attention to certain classes of wounds, and if possible, have some man of known fitness
to overlook, and endeavor to excite some little interest, even among the indifferent ; but I cannot work miracles, and shall not
pledge myself to accomplish a great deal. In three of the western States, surgeons are admitted and assigned to regiments
without any form of examination whatever. Of course among these are men whose ignorance is disgraceful to the profession, and
whose stupidity and blunders tend to cast a stigma upon the whole medical staff of the army. Very much is lost for want of men
of sufficient professional intelligence to know what to observe particularly, and also for lack of industry to record their obser
vations. And while on this subject I would respectfully suggest that, in my opinion, the form of tabular statement of gunshot
wounds furnished from the office in Washington, is, in some respects, susceptible of improvement, a single case may appear as
three or four, if he have, as often happens, as many wounds in different parts of the body. Surgeon C. W. McMillin, 1st
Tennessee Volunteers, medical director Fifteenth Corps, in his report says the want of proper instruments for exsections is very
much felt by the operating staff, and very properly suggests the propriety of furnishing a complete case of exsecting instruments
to each surgeon-in-chief of a division. At present, I believe they are only furnished to medical officers of the regular army. As
an addendum to this report, I will complete the history of the corps up to December 31st, 1863. As before stated, the pursuit
of the rebels was taken up the morning after the battle; this was continued for two days, with occasional unimportant skirmishing
with the enemy's rear guard, when the pursuit was abandoned. Two divisions were then ordered back to vicinity of Chatta
nooga ; and the other two, in conjunction with the Eleventh Corps, under General Howard, and part of the Fourth, under General
Gordon Granger, were ordered to march as rapidly as possible to Knoxville to relieve General Burnside, who was closely besieged
by Longstreet. The distance was one hundred and twenty miles; the troops had but three days' rations, and the Eleventh and
Fifteenth Corps were almost without tents or camp and garrison equipage of any kind. The weather turned very cold, and for
several days the roads were frozen hard. The march was made. The siege was abandoned the day before our arrival, and on
the following day the return march began. On December 20th, arrived at Chattanooga, after a continuous march of eighteen
days. The three days' rations were made to answer for eighteen by being eked out from the forced contributions of the farmers
in the beautiful and fertile valleys of East Tennessee. On the return march several hundred men were entirely barefooted. The
weather was cold, and the roads frequently frozen during the forenoon. Notwithstanding this, but few of them complained or
asked to be relieved from marching. A truthful account of their heroic fortitude would place them on a level with the soldiers
of the devolution, of whose patriotism we have such glowing accounts, because a few of them were barefooted when the ground
was covered with snow. Supplies were obtained at Chattanooga, and the march continued to Huntsville, Alabama, which was
reached January 1, 1864. Since October 1st, this corps has marched not less than seven hundred and fifty miles; and notwith
standing all these seeming privations and fatigues, came into camp with but few sick; and that all the exposure these troops
underwent has had no depressing or unhealthy tendency, is proven by the fact that the ratio of sick for January and February
has been less than five per cent. Accompanying the report is a topographical map of that part of the battle-field embraced
in the operations of the army of the Tennessee, except in the 1st division, which was accidentally detached as before mentioned.
JOHN MOORE,
Kurycwi V. S. Army, Medical Director of the Department of the Tennessee.
To TIIH SURGEON GKNEKAT, U.S. AI:.MV."
KEPORT OF ASSISTANT SURGEON BACHK, U. S. A. 287
CCXXXVI. Extracts from a Memoranda of Invents in the Campaigns of the Army of the
Cumberland about Chattanooga. By Assistant Surgeon DALLAS BACH]':, U. S. Army.
* * * « rpj]e iiea(iquarter8 of the army left Murfreesboro', Tennessee, June 25, 1863, inarched twelve miles to Big Spring
Branch, camped at night, and next day, the 26th, marched, to Beech Grove, 011 the Manchester road. During this time we had
a skirmish at Hoover's Gap. Previous to this time the main hody of the enemy had been camped at Shelbyville, with divisions
thrown out to Wartrace and Fairfield. Skirmishing constantly occurred between our cavalry and that of the enemy toward
Murfreesboro'. Their cavalry occupied Hoover's Gap, Liberty Gap, and Guy's Gap. Hoover's Gap was occupied, after some
skirmishing by Wilder's mounted infantry, and Liberty Gap was taken also by Johnson's division of infantry. Enemy fell back
and we took one hundred prisoners, but lost some three or four hundred men. We had about four hundred and twenty-three
killed and wounded. These were sent back to Murfreesboro' in ambulances immediately. At Murfreesboro' the general field
hospital, under charge of Surgeon J. Y. Finley, 2d Kentucky Cavalry, had capacity for about two thousand beds. The design
of Rosecrans was to make a heavy feint toward Shelbyville, occupy the enemy's attention, and then hurry the mass of his troops
to Manchester,*and outflank the enemy's base of supplies at Tullahoma, which he wished to hold. Crittenden's corps had
marched in an easterly direction to Woodbmy, intending to reach Manchester by the old Fort Nash dirt road, but they found no
enemy and returned to Manchester. Previous to these marches the weather had been dry, but from the very day of the march
rain had set in and had steadily continued. Headquarters reached Manchester about June 29th. There was no further
skirmishing until we reached Manchester. Staid there two days ; then skirmished lightly toward Tullahoma. On July 3d, the
enemy were discovered to have evacuated this place. They had fallen back here from Shelbyville in advance of our troops,
they having the advantage of a good pike, while we moved 011 dirt roads. We occupied Tullahoma on the morning of the &b
as they left, carrying off everything with them. It is a place of about five hundred inhabitants, having a railroad station.
We then occupied" the hotel with about one hundred and twenty beds, as a hospital, just vacated from the same use by the
enemy. The enemy retreated to the crossing of Elk River at Estelle Springs, and also to Winchester, on the same river, and
crossed, our men following to the river. The enemy burned the Elk road bridge. We, three divisions only, also crossed. Had
some slight resistance at fords. Lost a few men, who were carried back to Tullahoma. Part of our forces, General Thomas's
Fourteenth Army Corps, moved up to Pelham, in the hope of intercepting the enemy in his retreat to Tracy City, but failed.
During this time, before the retreat of the enemy from Tullahoma, Colonel Wilder's mounted infantry had been sent to cut
the railroad south of Tullahoma, in reality to destroy the bridge at Elk River, but finding that heavily guarded, they struck the
road at Tantalon and cut it, only injuring it slightly. The enemy retreated leisurely by way of Decherd and Tracy City to
Sequatchie Valley, and one column by Crook Creek Valley to Stevenson, and crossed the river at Bridgeport, desti'oving
the railroad bridge, and then they all concentrated at Chattanooga. Our movement: Sheridan's division to Stevenson and
Bridgeport; Crittenden's Corps to McMinnville, and the balance staid at Decherd and Winchester because our railroad
communications were imperfect, and we had to rebuild the bridges at Elk and Duck rivers. Headquarters laid at Tullahoma
from July 3d until about July 15th, or later, say August 1st, and then moved to Winchester about middle of August. About
August 28th or 29th, the bulk of army concentrated at Stevenson, except the Twenty-first Corps, Crittenden's, which having
previously concentrated at McMinnville, began its march to the Tennessee by the way of Dunlap and Jasper, down the
Sequatchie Valley. At the same time the department headquarters were established at Stevenson. The accommodation of the
sick at this point, and the necessity of confining ourselves to this railroad terminus for the chief depot of wounded in case of an
inmit'dinlc action, 'required the prompt establishment of a field hospital, the buildings in the town being every way objectionable.
To do this it was necessary to break up the field hospital at Murfreesboro' entirely, transferring the patients to Nashville, and
bringing all the hospital material to Stevenson. In this way beds for eighteen hundred patients were readily supplied. A
smaller field hospital \vastalso established at Bridgeport, for the temporary care of the sick of such troops as might cross at or
near that point. Eaclf corps had been supplied with ample reserve stores of medicines, etc., sixteen extra hospital tents, and
such articles as could be transported. This supply was not for the current wants of the command, but to be used only in an
emergency. On September 5th, the various corps commenced the movement across the Tennessee at points primarily ordered.
Pontoon bridges had been successfully thrown across the river at Bridgeport and Caperton's Ferry. The Fourteenth and
Twentieth Corps crossed at Caperton's, while most of the Twenty-first Corps crossed at Bridgeport, and a portion of it was
ferried over to Shell Mound. Department headquarters moved on the morning of the 6th, crossing at Bridgeport, and encamped
for the night about fifteen miles from Trenton. The Twentieth Corps had moved up the Lookout Valley to Alpine, with a view
to threaten the rear of the Confederate forces in Chattanooga, while with the same object the Fourteenth Corps intended to pass
through Stevens's GapMnto McLamore's Cove. In the meantime the Twenty-first Army Corps had moved along the line of the
railroad toward Chattanooga, thus engaging the attention of the enemy at home. The cavalry had also been sent to Alpine,
pushing on in the direction of Rome. On the 7th headquarters reached Trenton, where it remained until the morning of the 9th,
when the enemy having evacuated his position at Chattanooga, it was removed to that point. During this time, since the
crossing of the river, there had been but little sickness, most of the sick remaining with their commands, but few requiring to be
sent to the rear. Immediately after the occupation of Chattanooga, orders were issued for the preparation of one thousand beds
in the various buildings in the town, some of which had been previously constructed and used by the Confederates for hospital
purposes; but as this communication was as yet both long and diilicult, much difficulty and delay was experienced in obtaining
even a meagre supply of things the most needed.
The Fourteenth and Twentieth Corps in debouching into the valley in the east of the Lookout Range, found themselves
confronted by the enemy in superior force, and were, in turn, obliged to withdraw through the gaps, and, marching down the
Lookout Valley, to recross the mountains nearer Chattanooga. The Twenty-first Corps was at this time moved out to Ringgold,
in order to effect a junction with the remainder of the army. The enemy at this time being reinforced, had turned his face to
the north and offered battle, moving with the intention of turning our left and gaining the main route through Rossville to
Cluittanooga. Headquarters moved on the IGth to Gardner's Mills,., remaining there until the morning of the ]8th, \vhei.
288 APPENDED DOCUMENTS WESTERN ARMIES, 18G3.
the battle of Clrickamauga opened. During the stay at Gardner's, as a battle was certain, orders were issued to the medical
directors of corps directing the proper disposition of supplies, and the immediate selection of positions suitable for the temporary
field hospitals. This selection was the more difficult as this country was poorly watered, and the changing nature of the battle
might leave the hospitals of one day too far to the right in the next. Crawfish Spring, affording a large and excellent supply
of water, was designated as the position of the hospital on the right, then held by part of the Twentieth and Twenty-first Corps,
the medical director of the Fourteenth Corps choosing for his divisions such points as his judgment dictated and circumstances
required. During the battle of the 18th, headquarters was situated at Widow Glenn's, only changing when, on the 19th, the
right wing being drawn back, it was removed to Chattanooga. Our loss during the engagement of the first day was probably
five thousand ; on the second, five thousand five hundred. On the night of the 18th, it being found impracticable to find proper
places in the centre and left for the hospitals, the officer commanding ordered all the wounded to be removed to Crawfish
Spring, giving directions at the same time that all empty wagons should be drawn to that point, loaded with sick and wounded,
and thence sent to Chattanooga. But few of the wounded of the battle of the 20th reached this point, as the enemy turned and
forced back our right a few hours after the action commenced, cutting off all access to that portion of the field. The cavalry
under Brigadier General R. B. Mitchell had been ordered to protect the wounded at the depot of Crawfish Spring, and
remained there faithfully until the morning of the 21st, repulsing all attempts of the enemy to force their position and prevent
the removal of the wounded. As soon as the rout of the right occurred, orders were given by Surgeon Perin, medical director,
to load all ambulances, and seek as many of the wounded as possible by the Rossville road and send them to Chattanooga,
which order was faithfully obeyed, only such of the wounded remaining on the field as would not bear transportation. On the
evening of the 20th, the army retired in good order to Rossville, and on the 21st, assumed their position around Chattanooga,
throwing up rough lines of defence, consisting of rifle-pits and barriers of logs and earth. Our loss in this series of actions was
about sixteen thousand, of whom eleven thousand were killed and wounded, and the remainder taken prisoners. All lists
of killed are of necessity very inaccurate, as it was found impossible to separate those supposed to be killed from those reported
missing. In many instances those reported killed in the report of the assistant adjutant general were found either in the
hospitals or among the number of wounded subsequently exchanged by the enemy. The force engaged in this battle was
probably forty-six thousand infantry and artillery, and six thousand cavalry. The force of the enemy was estimated at seventy-
five thousand of all arms, and his loss at eighteen thousand, of whom two thousand and three were prisoners. In the removal
of the wounded from Crawfish Spring, those whose injuries were mortal, or too serious to allow the fatigue of transportation,
were left behind in charge of the medical officers stationed at that point. Fifty-two surgeons and assistant surgeons were
detailed for this purpose, and the wounded remaining numbering two thousand, they found constant employment. Most of the
hospital tents that had been in use at this spring were left by order, and such medicines and supplies as were on hand sufficient
for ten days. It is to be regretted that the facilities afforded and the confusion of the movement prevented a complete list of these
wounded from being taken and transmitted to our lines. The wounds inflicted in this battle were principally by the conical
leaden ball at short range, the fire of the enemy's artillery being at no time severe. The wounded were rapidly distributed
among the various organized hospitals in Chattanooga, then under the superintendence of Surgeon I. Moses, U. S. V. ; .but as
their utmost capacity was soon reached, it became necessary to open new buildings, and to organize on a larger scale a hospital
in the field. For the latter purpose, a well watered slope was chosen on the north side of the Tennessee, about one and a half
miles from Chattanooga, and the medical directors of the corps ordered each to superintend the erection of shelter and the care
of his own wounded. In this manner, by collecting all hospital and other tents, pavilions, and by the erection of bowers
of branches and leaves, nearly two thousand wounded were comfortably sheltered. On the 21st, anticipating the confusion
that would occur in the attempt of the slightly wounded to get to the rear on their way to Stevenson and Nashville, the medical
director had medical officers stationed at the entrance to the pontoon bridge, with orders to examine every man that was wounded,
and if his injury was very slight, to send him to his command, or, if severe, to forward him to the north. In spite of all
precautions, some of each class escaped attention, and were afterwards found in the number of those sent on foot to Stevenson.
Nearly three thousand slightly wounded men reached Stevenson in this way, a detail of medical officers and sufficient food being
sent to accompany them. The distance they travelled was not less than forty to forty-five miles, over an almost impassable mountain
road. No greater tribute could be paid to the cheerful endurance of our soldiers than the simple recital of this march of wounded
men. On arriving at Stevenson their wounds were attended to in the general field hospital at that point, and, as rapidly as
possible, they were forwarded to Nashville, Tennessee. From the nature of most of the buildings occupied by the wounded in
Chattanooga, and their necessarily crowded condition, the mortality was much greater than would probably have occurred
under more favorable conditions, as at no time previously had the physical condition of the men been so good. Many secondary
amputations and operations had to be performed, as the immediate removal of the wounded from the field was a matter of pressing
necessity, and left no time for surgical interference. Owing to the deficient transportation, the line of communication being nearly
sixty miles over a mountain road, supplies of all kinds were exceedingly limited, the chief dependence for medicines being on
the medicine wagons, some fifteen in number, which had been supplied to some regiments before leaving Murfreesboro', or soon
after. The cooking utensils in them were of particular service. Great difficulty was found at first in getting material to fill the
bed-sacks, in order to remove the sick and wounded from the ground or floor ; but fortunately some two hundred bales of cotton
were found in the town, and details of upholsterers being made from the various commands, mattresses were speedily furnished,
nearly three thousand being made in this manner. About a week after the battle, negotiations were opened by Major General
Rosecrans for the exchange of wounded and a number of surgeons equal to those we held. As we held only about fifty of their
wounded, most of ours were to be counted in future exchanges. In this way we received, 011 September 29th and October 1st
and 2d, one thousand seven hundred of the sick and wounded left on the field, accompanied by four medical officers. A few
of the wounded still remained at Crawfish Spring unable to be removed. The transfer of the wounded to Stevenson was a
matter of grave consideration and much difficulty. The enemy had complete possession of the roads on the south side of the
Tennessee, and commanded also the river ov Haley Trace road on the opposite bank, making it necessary to make a wide detour
over Walden's Ridge, either by .the Anderson road, or some new route over the ridge, and thence down the Sequatchie Valley.
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SURGEON BACHE, U. S. A.
289
Any road in this direction was full of difficulties — leading over the mountains, affording no forage, and the journey and retuni
occupying nearly two Aveeks. All the available ambulances were collected and organized into trains, and from time to time were
filled with sick and wounded, and sent under proper charge to Stevenson. Wagon trains going to this point for supplies were,
when practicable, also nsed for this purpose. In this manner the hospitals were finally depleted. Sanitary agents were stationed
at various points along this route, making a species of entrepot for the aid of the passing ambulance trains, or such soldiers as
might be returning to their commands; and in this way much assistance was rendered. From scarcity of forage, the animals at
length were reduced by starvation both in strength and numbers, so that it became no longer possible to send the wounded in
this manner, and it became a subject of donbt whether, in case of a forced evacuation of our position, it would not be necessary
to abandon the remaining sick and wounded, ahout sixteen hundred, to the enemy. Happily this necessity never came. On
October 29th, by a brilliant and successful movement, the enemy's lines at Brown's Ferry were penetrated, and the south side
of the Tennessee occupied from Bridgeport to that point. On the night of the 29th, a severe attack was made by General Wood's
rebel division upon the division of General Geary of the Twelfth Corps, which had that evening reached Wauhatchie Station,
on the line of railroad from Bridgeport to Chattanooga.. This attack was gallantly repulsed, writh a loss to the enemy of two
hundred prisoners and a thousand stand of small arms. Our loss in the engagement was three hundred killed and wounded-
The possession of the river to this point enabled the boats to ascend the river either to Kelly's Ferry or to Brown's. As the
river was difficult to navigate above the former ferry on account of the rapids, cargoes Avere generally discharged at that point
and wagoned over the narrow neck of land to Brown's, thence across a pontoon bridge to the north side of the river, the road
skirting along the bank until opposite to Chattanooga, where a second pontoon bridge completed the route. Supplies in this
way soon became more plenty, and xiie stress upon the hospitals was soon relieved. A depot of transit for the sick and wounded
was immediately established at Kelly's Ferry, and the hoats carried them from that point to the railroad terminus at Bridgeport,
whence they were taken in the hospit;.! train to Nashville. As all mention of this train has been previously omitted in this
paper, it is necessary to devote a few words to its organization and results. Before leaving Murfreesboro', twro ordinary passenger
cars had been fitted up with hunks, and the same number unaltered, with the addition of a box-car for cooking purposes, had
been organized by the medical director as a train exclusively for the transportation of the sick. At the same time measures had
been taken to build for the government two first class cars, fitted up inside with berths suspended from elastic rings, in order to
jpiLJi L^li^L^iL^Jiu=JiLj:iE^i JL
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FIG. XI. — Vertical and Horizontal Sections of United States Hospital Railway Car.
lessen the motion of the cars. The latter cars were put upon the road about the middle of September. A competent medical
officer, with a detail of nurses and cooks, are in constant attendance during the entire time. The train at present is capable of
conveying sixty bed patients, and the same number sitting up. As the number of patients gradually decreased, the field hospital
on the north side of the river was broken up, and a site having been selected about one mile from Chattanooga, on Chattanooga
Creek, it was re-established in the new situation. The field hospital at Stevenson was also about this time broken up, and orders
given to bring all the tents, stores, etc., to Chattanooga; but owing to the inability of the boats, only three in number, to carry
:ill the freight, much delay was experienced in forwarding them to their destination. It was intended to unite these hospitals
with the one at Chattanooga, and thus make a hospital with a capacity of about two thousand beds. This hospital at that time
had seven hundred beds ready for the occupation of sick. In the middle of November it became evident, from the nature of the
preparations around, that a movement against the enemy was intended, and the medical director began his preparations
accordingly. Supplies, in addition to those already on hand, were ordered from Nashville, and such of the churches and
available buildings as had been previously completed were again refitted for the occupation of the wounded. An estimate was
made for the accommodation of five thousand, and the means at hand expended for that end. It is not necessary to attempt a
description of the battle of Missionary Ridge, which resulted in perfect victory to our arms, but only to mention the leading
features of medical interest in and after the engagement. The wounded men were more readily and rapidly cared for than
290 APPENDED DOCUMENTS WESTEEN AEMIES, ]8C>3.
at any previous battle of that army. The ambulance trains moved rapidly from the town to the front, only a distance of two or
three miles, and returned with their loads. In this way all were comfortably housed, except here and there some severely wounded
man who had found his way to some house, and was unable to report his situation. The loss of the army of the Cumberland in
this battle was three hundred and eighty-five killed and three thousand two hundred .and thirteen wounded, and the loss of the
Fifteenth Corps, under Major General Sherman, probably eighteen hundred more. The loss of the enemy is reported in their
papers as twenty-five hundred in killed and wounded, and the lists of the provost marshal of the department of the Cumberland
show the names of nearly seven thousand prisoners. Here admirable opportunity was offered for the prompt exercise of surgical
skill in primary operations, but the previous health of the men had been so much lowered by deficient food, that the success was
in no wise nattering in the subsequent treatment and results. The hospitals were very much overcrowded, as only those able to
bear exposure and fatigue could be safely sent to the rear by the journey of boat and cars. Hospital gangrene now manifested
itself, attacking, with few exceptions, all the stumps. The treatment by bromine, elaborated by Surgeon Goldsmith's care, was
tried in nearly all the cases, with what final result I do not know. Although the line of railroad was now entirely in our possession,
it Avas not until the middle of January that the trains commenced then: regular trips from Nashville, and the hospital train could
be used to deplete the crowded hospitals. In the meantime, on account of the severe weather, it was impossible to send any more
sick or wounded by the regular way, so that all were held in Chattanooga until the completion of the road afforded the proper
means. About four hundred rebel wounded and thirteen of their medical officers fell into our hands at this battle. They were
assigned to several buildings, and one of their number placed in charge of the whole. They kept their hospitals in the filthy
condition that seems necessary to their comfort, and showed a want of interest in the care of their patients, that was attended with
the usual results. The addition of the Fifteenth Corps taxed our supplies to the utmost, as it was anticipated that their own
stores were ample, and no estimate for their wants had been made; and still heavier calls were made upon our stores at this time,
necessitated by the transfer of the Fourth Corps, under General Gordon Granger, to operate in east Tennessee, and also by the urgent
wants of the troops of General Burnside in that department. Medicines and stores for one thousand beds and ten thousand
troops were in this way supplied. Three additional boats having been built at Bridgeport, the means of transportation made
the supply of the things most needed ample enough for the wants of the hospitals, and no further difficulty was felt either in
supplying the command at Chattanooga or Knoxville. About January 1st, the new supply table was issued upon the basis of a
brigade organization, the table being nearly in all respects the same as that previously in use by the army of the Potomac. At
the same time the organization of the ambulance corps was completed and rapidly pushed into practice throughout the army. It
was also the intention of the medical director to supply each regiment with one double pannier set, and medicine cases to the
batteries of each division, relying on the supply in the brigade medicine wagons for the emergencies of battle and the care of the
hospitals in the field. The allowance of hospital and wall tents for the brigade hospitals was also apportioned — one hospital
tent for every three hundred and fifty men, and one wall tent for the brigade — and the necessary orders were issued regulating
the detail of nurses and cooks. The general field hospital on Chattanooga Creek, under the superintendence of Assistant
Surgeon R, Bartholow, U. S. A., is now reorganized on a basis of two thousand beds, the tents being stretched over substantial
frames, and floored. A hospital for five hundred beds, and a large convalescent camp, to be situated at Summertown or Lookout
Mountain, are also under consideration. The railroad being open through to Nashville, the hospital train made three trips a
week, so that the work of emptying and closing the hospitals in town was almost complete by the middle of February. It was
then the intention of the medical director to concentrate all the patients who were either unable to bear transportation or who
did not need a transfer in the field hospitals, to the Crutchfield Hotel, and a pavilion hospital built by the confederates, and capable
of holding four hundred patients. With the hospital already established in Nashville, and a capacity of extension of five
thousand beds, the hospitals in Louisville, Jeffersonville, and New Albany, and those in Chattanooga, it was expected that every
emergency could be readily met,"
CCXXXVIL Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Staff of the Fourth.
Corps at the Battle of Chattanooga. By Surgeon A. J. PHELPS, U. S. Volunteers.
* * * "About one week before the battle, we had intimation, not official, but from a reliable source, that a battle would
soon take place for the repossession of Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge. Accordingly I began to prepare for wounded
men by emptying the division hospitals of the milder cases of sickness, and fitted up such other buildings as were placed at my
disposal, including the U. S. general hospital under charge of Surgeon F. Salter, U. S. V. By the time the battle came off, I had
good shelter for one thousand two hundred men, and beds for six hundred and fifty. Having very few tents, I had to depend
mainly upon buildings for shelter ; for most of the regimental hospital tents were captured at Chickamauga, and had not yet
been replaced. The medical officers of each division were assigned to specific duty, and all was in readiness, so far as our limited
means would permit, for the fight that opened on November 23d.' The battle was opened by a reconnoissance made at one o'clock
in the afternoon by General Wood's 3d division, in the direction of Missionary Ridge. The result of this movement was a brisk
fight of half an hour, and the occupation of a low range of hills a mile distant from our lines. In this affair, Wood's division
lost about one hundred and twenty-five men killed and wounded; the wounded were promptly removed to the hospital in town.
Having driven the enemy from this important position, our forces were ordered to halt and make themselves secure. On Tuesday
the 24th, there was no movement of importance from our front, but about noon General Hooker, upon the right, made the attack
upon Lookout Mountain. Among the troops with which he made the attack, were the 2d and 3d brigades of the 1st division of
this corps, and, although they were in froiit of the attacking forces, their loss in killed and wounded scarcely exceeded one
hundred. The wounded were removed with difficulty over bad roads to Kelly's Landing. On Wednesday, November 25th,
General Sherman on our left, attacked the enemy, and fought until past midday. At about half past three o'clock, P. M. the
divisions of Generals Wood and Sheridan of this corps were ordered to assault the rifle pits of the enemy at the base of the ridge,
which was distant about three-fourths of a mile. They moved forward steadily, earned the rifle pits, and halted not until they
had stormed and taken possession of the heights beyond. Here, in less than an hour, these two divisions lost over two
REPORT OF SURGEON S. G. MENZIES. 291
thousand one hundred men in killed and wounded. The range was short and the fire consisted both of musketry and artillery.
Not less than forty cannon poured an enfilading fire of grape and spherical case upon the troops as they ascended the ridge, and
as they neared the top, they were greeted with hand grenades, extemporized by igniting shells with short time fuses and rolling
them down upon our lines. Some bayonet wounds were received upon the crest of the ridge. A large proportion of the Avounds
were severe. The wounded were promptly removed from the field, so that by two o'clock at night it was reported to me that all
the hurt were gathered under shelter. The slighter wounded were permitted to go to their regimental quarters. The operating
surgeons with their assistants, were distributed equally around and attention first given to primary amputations. Amputation was
recommended in all cases where the articular extremities of the knee joint were involved by direct impingement of the ball or by
a partial fracture extending from the bony structure above or below. Fractures of the thigh, as a general principle, were
not amputated. A few days after the battle, the 2d and 3d divisions of the corps were ordered to Knoxville, Tennessee, as a
reserve for General Burnside's forces. I wish to speak of the efficient aid that I received from Surgeon Francis Salter, U. S. V.
in charge of United States general hospital number four. I wish also to recommend favorably Surgeon W. W. Blair, 58th
Indiana Volunteers, division surgeon, 3d division; Surgeon D. J. Griffith, 2d Kentucky Volunteers, division surgeon, 2<1 division;
Surgeon A. McMahon, 64th Ohio Volunteers, Surgeon A. W. Hiese, 100th Illinois Volunteers, Surgeon E. B. Glick, 40th Indiana
Volunteers, and Surgeon Francis W. Lytle, 36th Illinois Volunteers. The following is a summary of the killed and wounded, the
nominal lists of which accompany this report: commissioned officers killed, twenty-seven, wounded, one hundred and sixty-nine;
enlisted men killed, two hundred and seventy-seven, wounded, one thousand nine hundred and eighteen; aggregate, two thousand
three hundred and ninety-one."
CCXXXVIII. Extracts from a Report of the, Operations of the Medical Staff in the. First
Division of the Fourth Corps at the Battle of Chattanooga. By Surgeon S. Gr. MENZIES,
1st Kentucky Volunteers.
"Brigadier General Charles Cruft was in command of twelve regiments Constituting the force in the field, while
the balance of the division remained in camp. Six of these regiments were from the 2d brigade, General W. C. Whitaker
commanding, and six from the 3d brigade, Colonel William Gross, commanding. On November 23d, 1863, they marched from
Shell Mound and Whitesides into Lookout Valley, and encamped near the headquarters of General Hooker, about one and a half
to two miles from the base of the mountain, named as the Lookout Valley. By three o'clock on the morning of the 24th, orders
came to General Cruft from General Hooker to move on the mountain, which was done in company with the divisions of Generals
Osterhaus and Geary, General Whitaker's regiments forming the right and Colonel Gross's the centre in the attack. I established
a temporary field hospital at the foot of the mountain, and received the wounded as they were brought down, which was done
with great difficulty. The ambulances could go but little way up the ascent, and the men had to be carried over a very rocky
and almost precipitous surface. On the 25th, the wounded were taken to the rear and delivered to Surgeon Taylor at Kelly's
Ferry, on the Tennessee River, who had made good preparations to receive them. In taking Lookout Mountain the troops,
under General Cruft, bore a conspicuous part throughout the day, and deep into the night of the 24th, when they bivouacked on
a slope under the jutting rock specially designated Lookout, near the White House. During this day and night Surgeon Beach,
of the 2d brigade, with several assistant surgeons, was on the field, giving temporary relief to the sufferers, and sending them
back to us in the bottom. Late in the afternoon of the 25th, with several surgeons and a portion of the ambulances, I started
across the mountain after the command which had followed the enemy five miles beyond Chattanooga to Missionary Ridge, and
caught up on the morning of the 26th at that place. Our gallant men had not failed under the hard work of the previous day
and night, but assisted in the storming of the ridge, and had six men badly wounded who were sent back to Chattanooga. On
the 26th, we followed the enemy to Pea Vine Creek harrassing his rear, and camped on a ridge just beyond the Creek five
miles from Ringgold, about ten o'clock at nignt, The 27th saw the soldiers bright and cheery, moving on Ringgold, which was
reached at nine o'clock in the morning. General Cruft's command formed the reserve. The divisions of Generals Osterhaus and
Geary attacked the enemy who was posted in strong position on the heights, and in a pass in the mountain. After a severe
struggle of two hours the rebels retreated. Having no wounded of our own I placed the surgeons supplies, ambulances, and
instruments at the disposal of Surgeon A. Ball, 5th Ohio Volunteers, of General Geary's Staff, and rendered what assistance we
could to their wounded, who numbered over three hundred, injured in a more terrible manner than any I have seen during
the war. From November 24th to 28th, General Cruft's command had one hundred and forty-six killed and wounded. * *
November 27th, when the command started around on the west side of Ringgold, the wounded from General Geary's
troops were brought back across the bridge over the East Fork of the Chickamauga. Our forces not being engaged, I took
Surgeon Beach and Assistant Surgeons Matchet, Gilmore, Gaston, and Ravenroute, who were on the ground with me, to the
assistance of Surgeon A. Ball, 5th Ohio Volunteers, chief surgeon of the 2d division of the Twelfth Corps. About ten o'clock
as the wounded began to be brought back, two houses were taken on the west side of the river, and the sufferers were
attended to as well as practicable under the circumstances. Upward of one hundred men came to us wounded in every
conceivable manner. After the battle ceased, many were taken into the town and placed in the Catoosa Hotel, the court-house,
and bank building, with others who had been brought immediately from the field, numbering, in all, two hundred and sixty-one.
Surgeon M. G. Sherman was placed in charge of the Catoosa House, assisted by Surgeons Kersey and Kyle, and Assistant
Surgeon Avoirdick. Surgeon Beach and Assistant Surgeon Matchet were assigned to help at the Court-house, and Assistant
Surgeons Gilrnore, Gaston, and Ravenroute to the bank buildings. Surgeon Sherman remained at the Catoosa house until
the morning of the 28th, when the wounded were sent to Chattanooga. Surgeon Sherman discharged the onerous duties
imposed upon him with great ability and perseverance. The medical officers of other commands were limited in supplies,
and our instruments, dressings, etc., were placed freely at their disposal."
[In transmitting the report of Surgeon Menzies to the adjutant general of the army, General Cruft calls attention to the tact
that, after the battle of Ringgold, the entire medical force of his command, and :ill the medical stores on hand were used in
292 APPENDED DOCUMENTS WESTERN AKMIES, 18G3-4.
ministering to the relief ot the wounded of the divisions of Generals Geary and Osterhaus. "Surgeons Meiizies, Ball, Sherman,
Kersey, Kvle, and Assistant Surgeons Gilmore, Ravenroute, and Gaston, and Surgeons Beach and Matchet," General Cruft reports,
"were unremitting in the discharge of their duties in field and hospital, and in addition to our own wounded, had large calls
upon them in their ministrations to the wounded of the enemy. They were untiring and unselfish in their efforts to alleviate the
sufferings of all wounded men without regard to where they belonged." — ED'S.]
CCXXXIX. Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the
Third Division of the Fouith Army Corps in the Campaign fwm October 26, 1863, to
January 18, 1864. By Surgeon W. W. BLAIR, 58th Indiana Volunteers.
"At the reorganization of the army of the Cumberland, at Chattanooga, the 3d division of the Fourth Corps
was composed of regiments taken from the divisions formerly commanded by Generals Palmer, Johnson, Davis, and Van Cleve,
in all twenty-six regiments, and three batteries. The organization was but barely completed, when we were called upon to
participate in the campaign which resulted in the rout of the rebel forces occupying Missionary Ridge and its vicinity. On
October 26, 1863, the 2d brigade, General Hazen's, was ordered down the Tennessee River, in pontoon boats, to participate in the
movement, having for its object the occupation of Lookout Valley. During the time the brigade was effecting a landing 011 the
south side of the river, there were five killed and twenty-one wounded; among the latter was Surgeon J. C. Barr, 1st Ohio
Volunteers. The wounded were under the supervision of Surgeon A. H. Stephens, Cth Ohio Volunteers, assisted by the regimental
medical officers belonging to the brigade. Temporary dressings were applied to the wounded on the field. They were then
conveyed to the general field hospital, a distance of about two miles, where they were made as comfortable as circumstances
would admit. From this time to November 23d, the division was not called into action. There was slight picket skirmishing in
front of our lines, occasionally, but with few casualties. For the grand movement of Monday afternoon, November 23d, I had
made the following preparations. Having selected a site for a division field hospital, I made an organization of the medical
department of the division. * * Surgeon A. C. McChesney, 59th Ohio Volunteers, was put in charge, with a full staff of
assistants. ' All the remaining officers, with hospital stewards and attendants, were ordered to the field to perform such
duty as might, from time to time, be requisite. Wood, water, etc., was provided in camp, and the wounded, on their arrival,
were directed to their respective brigades by Surgeon McChesney, the general superintendent. On November 23d, at three o'clock
in the afternoon, the grandest military movement of the war took place, exhibiting in its execution, great bravery both upon the
part of our men and officers, and giving us as a result, possession of the enemy's line of rifle pits, passing over the summit of
Orchard Knob. The wounded were promptly removed from the field through the energy and efficiency of the medical officers on
duty on the field, and a well organized ambulance corps in charge of Lieutenant J. H. Glick, 49th Ohio Volunteers. That night
and the next day were spent in administering to the wants of the wounded, making them as comfortable as our limited means
would allow. During the assault on Missionary Ridge, November 25th, together with the advance upon Orchard Knob, we lost
from the entire division one hundred and sixty killed, and eight hundred and seventy-three Avounded. Here, too, the wounded
were cared for in the most efficient manner possible under the circumstances. Owing to our limited number of tents, we were
glad to avail ourselves of the general hospital in charge of Surgeon F. Salter, U. S. V., which had been but recently prepared
for such an emergency. During the entire engagement, the duties of the various medical officers, with the exception of the
general superintendent, and chief operating surgeon in each brigade, were alternated successively each day. I cannot, perhaps,
without doing injustice, refer by name, to the superior efficiency of any one officer, for almost without an exception, the conduct
of the officers was characterized by good judgment, skill, and faithfulness. On November 27th, the division was ordered to march
to Knoxville, with all possible speed. This order compelled us to turn over all our wounded, and * * to carry out this order
I selected one medical officer to accompany each regiment, and one surgeon to accompany each brigade, leaving all the remaining
medical officers of the division to assist in caring for our wounded. Surgeon W. J. Burgess, 17th Kentucky Volunteers, was
placed in charge of the division field hospital. The other medical officers were assigned to duty under the general supervision of
Surgeon A. J. Phelps, U. S. V., medical director Fourth Corps. The brigade surgeons, H. B. Turtle, 89th Illinois Volunteers,
of 1st brigade, D. C. Patterson, 124th Ohio Volunteers, of 2d brigade, and T. R. W. Jeffray, 9th Kentucky Volunteers, of 3d
brigade, hastily collected such medical stores as could be obtained to furnish one medical wagon for each brigade. Such regiments
as had panniers, hospital knapsacks, or field dressing cases, were directed to replenish them. * * Thus equipped, 011 November
28th, we started on our march. Owing to the very limited amount of clothing in the quartermaster's department, our troops were
compelled to start upon this march of more than one hundred miles, in a very destitute condition, many men being entirely bare
footed and without underclothing of any kind. We marched with great rapidity, making from fifteen to twenty-five miles per
day, except while crossing the Chickamauga, Hiawassee, Little Tennessee, and Little rivers, at each of which much time was
On the way up, knowing that many of our men were totally barefooted, I suggested that moccasins be made from
the skins of the animals slaughtered on the march. This suggestion was extensively followed, adding at least something to the
comfort of our men. Notwithstanding the limited clothing and shelter, the health of the command continued good, and in many
instances, owing to the complete change in diet, for we were compelled to subsist upon food collected from the country through
which we marched, there was a marked improvement in health. On December 7th, we arrived in the vicinity of Knoxville,
where we remained in bivouac about eight days; very few men were so ill as to require hospital treatment. On December 16th,
we were ordered to march at once to Blain's Cross Roads to assist in repelling what was supposed to be an advance of the enemy.
The supposition proved to be without foundation, and we remained quietly in camp in the vicinity of Flat Creek, until about the
middle of January, 1864. During this time the health of the command was good. We were then ordered to march to Dandridge.
The roads at this time being good, we reached this point with comparatively little trouble, but on January 17h, the temperature
moderated, the ground suddenly thawed, and the roads became at once very bad. On January 18th, we were ordered to fall
back to Strawberry Plains. This retreat was slow, less than one mile per hour. As a consequence of exposure during this
•xtremely fatiguing march, we had a very considerable number of men who required hospital treatment."
REPORT OF SURGEON I). G. BRINTON. 293
CCXL. Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Staff of the Eleventh Corps
at the Battle of Chattanooga. By Surgeon D. G. BRINTON, U. S. Volunteers.
"The 2d and 3d divisions of the Eleventh Corps moved across the pontoon bridge from Lookout Valley and
bivouacked on the plains south of Fort Wood, Chattanooga, on the afternoon of November 22d. * * I was placed in possession
of the barrack hospital, adjacent to the public school, and that building itself. This gave me fourteen wards, accommodating fifty
men each, and room for a hundred more in the school-house. The next day I made requisition for the necessary articles, had the
surgeons appointed report at the hospital, and detailed Surgeon W. Gunkle, 73d Pennsylvania Volunteers, as surgeon in charge.
As you are aware, less was attempted on our left that day than had been anticipated, and the only action of our troops in that
direction was the movement in front of Fort Wood, resulting in the capture of Orchard Knob. This corps was not greatly
exposed, and the whole number of cases that reported to the hospital were only twenty-one. The next dav, November 24th,
more were brought in, some wounded on the previous afternoon, but the greater part by desultory picket firing along the line.
On the 26th, the 1st brigade of the 2d division was assigned temporarily to General Sherman's command, and during the day
was ordered to charge a battery of the enemy on the northernmost hill of Missionary Ridge. They did so, but after suffering a
severe loss in proportion to their numbers were driven back, leaving many of their killed and wounded in the hands of the
enemy. At this point our corps suffered most severely, especially the 27th and 73d Pennsylvania, and 33d New Jersey Volun
teers. The ambulances were immediately ordered to the spot, and before night seventy-eight wounded were received at the
hospital. The following day twenty-one more, and on the 27th, fourteen reported, some from the hospitals of the other corps.
The whole number of wounded received was one hundred and fifty-nine. There were also a number of sick from the camps sent
in before the corps left for Knoxville, augmenting the whole number admitted to two hundred and twenty-seven. These all
belonged to the Eleventh Corps except two, who were subsequently transferred to the hospital of the Fourteenth Corps. The
details for the field hospital had been made in very short notice, but I am pleased to state that no difficulties were encountered in
carrying out its provisions. Every case received due and immediate attention, every man was provided with the comforts his
condition required, every wound clearly needing amputation was made a primary operation. Warmth was consulted by placing
the men severely wounded in the school-house, where fires could be built, when only the lighter cases were assigned to the
windowless wards. Even these were made comfortable by closing the windows with tent cloths, and as soon as time allowed, by
the construction of spacious fireplaces ; cotton mattresses were spread on the floor and an abundance of blankets provided. There
was no lack of medical, hospital, and sanitary stores, and I may conscientiously say that no patient, as far as I could learn, was in
want of anything conducive to his recovery. The flattering success that the statistics of the hospital show is adequate proof of
this. For the two hundred and twenty-seven patients above mentioned, there were sixteen medical officers, beside the surgeon
in charge ; all but three of them were ordered to join their commands as soon as the battle was concluded, and did so, leaving
Chattanooga on the morning of Saturday, November 28th. The number of attendants, besides hospital stewards, of whom there
were eight, amounted to fifty-three, including two bands and a corporal and guard. The pi-eparations were, consequently, rather
on the scale of the accommodations furnished me than on the number of wounded actually received. This seemed, however,
under the circumstances, the more prudent course of action. Of the two hundred and twenty-seven admitted into the hospital,
thirteen died, one from disease, twelve from wounds ; of these latter, five died from the immediate effect of their wounds, either
on the day of their admission or on the one subsequent. Omit these and we have seven left to represent the sum total of the
mortality of the wounded under treatment, or in other words something less than four and one-half per centum; a result certainly
most creditable. The hospital was continued as a corps hospital up to December 29th, when, by orders from headquarters of the
department, the patients were transferred to the general field hospital, and the property turned over. During the whole time
there was not a single case of hospital gangrene, and the patients throughout did well. One hundred and forty-five of the
wounded were enlisted men, the remaining fourteen, officers; of these latter, three died. There are four primary amputations
recorded, and two secondary. I am of opinion, from memory, that this is below the actual number, but have not the means at
hand to correct it. One of the primary amputations died on the table under chloroform ; the operation was for a shell wound of
the leg and the flaps were taken from the lower third of the thigh. The astonishing success that attended resections of the
humerus in continuity, both here and after the battle of Gettysburg, convinces me that the objections urged against this
operation are entirely unfounded. In this battle we had three cases, in the first of which, three inches, in the second, three and
one-half, and in the third, four inches of this bone were resected, and in one of them the resection carried above the surgical
neck, so that nothing but the head of the bone, enveloped in its cartillaginous covering remained; every one of the cases recovered
most satisfactorily. The last example is especially instructive, proving that the danger of fissure into the articulation is not so
invariable, where the bone is fractured above the surgical neck, as many would have us believe. In the case of Second Lieutenant
Adolph Vogelbeck, Co. B, 27th Pennsylvania Volunteers, who had a ball pass through the middle lobe of the right lung, between
the seventh and eighth ribs, the plan of treatment suggested by Assistant Surgeon B. Howard, U. S. A., was adopted, the wound
being properly prepared and closed by sutures and collodion ; a month afterwards, December 22d, he was sent convalescent to
the officers hospital. A very typical case of contusion was presented by Private Lewis Margold, Co. G, 33d New Jersey Volun
teers. He was admitted November 25th, complaining of his arm, and saying he had been struck by a shell. The limb seemed
numb and useless, but the skin was not broken nor even discolored; it was not very closely examined, but no particular lesion
was supposed to exist. In a few days it swelled, became discolored, signs of mortification appeared and much constitutional
disturbance; it was treated by deep and long incisions, warm fomentations and tincture of iodine applied above the incisions.
Finally, on the 22d December, the arm was amputated above the elbow, and the humerus disclosed two fractures running into the
humero-ulnar articulation. This case was sent to field hospital December 29th, and its termination is unknown."
294 APPENDED DOCUMENTS WESTERN ARMIES, 1863-4.
CCXLI. Extracts from a Report on the Operations of the Medical Staff of the Second Division
of the Twelfth Corps at the Battle of Lookout Mountain. By Surgeon A. BALL, 5th Ohio
Volunteers.
* * * "At the battle of Lookout Mountain, Tennessee, November 24, 1863, at an early hour, we received notice that
this division was ordered to storm Lookout Mountain. The medical officers were notified of the fact, and that they should be in
readiness for the occasion. The surgeons-in-chief of brigades were directed to send the sick from their hospital tents to the
general hospital at Kelly's Ford. This was done, and every facility for shelter for the wounded was brought into requisition.
The surgeons accompanied the command to the crossing of Lookout Creek, where a temporary hospital was established. The
organization of the medical force of the second division was as follows : Surgeon H. E. Goodman, 28th Pennsylvania Volunteers,
in charge of hospital ; Assistant Surgeon D. H. Strickland, lllth Pennsylvania Volunteers, recorder; Assistant Surgeon P. H.
Dowling, 29th Pennsylvania Volunteers, commissary; Surgeon A. K. Fifield, 29th Ohio Volunteers, operator, assisted by
Surgeon C. J. Bellows, 7th Ohio Volunteers, and Surgeon J. W. Brock, 66th Ohio Volunteers ; Surgeon James L. Dunn, 109th
Pennsylvania Volunteers, operator, assisted by Surgeon J. V. Kendall, 149th New York Volunteers, and Surgeon E. Hutch-
inson, 137th New York Volunteers. The following medical officers were detailed to accompany their respective regiments :
Assistant Surgeon J. C. Ferguson, 7th Ohio Volunteers, in charge of the 5th Ohio Volunteers; Assistant Surgeon D. Williams,
7th Ohio Volunteers, Assistant Surgeon E. P. Haines, 29th Ohio Volunteers, Assistant Surgeon B. F. Ludlum, 66th Ohio
Volunteers, Assistant Surgeon William Altman, 28th Pennsylvania Volunteers, Assistant Surgeon G. H. W. Calver, 147th
Pennsylvania Volunteers, Assistant Surgeon J. S. Bender, 29th Pennsylvania Volunteers, Assistant Surgeon D. M. Brubaker,
109th Pennsylvania Volunteers, Assistant Surgeon J. H. Ake, lllth Pennsylvania Volunteers, Assistant Surgeon C. H. Burbeck,
60th New York Volunteers, Assistant Surgeon E. Day, 78th New York Volunteers, Assistant Surgeon T. Elmore, 137th New
York Volunteers, and Assistant Surgeon A. W. Phillips, 149th New York Volunteers. The wounded were received during the
action on the mountain at the field hospital near the creek. The ambulance attendants were sent with stretchers over the rugged
sides of the mountain to gather up the wounded. This was slowly effected owing to the long distance and almost inaccessible
places in which they were found. Tables were provided, and the operating staff were actively engaged during the day. Late
in the afternoon we received verbal orders from General D. H. Butterneld to remove the wounded within the lines of Chattanooga
as early as possible, as the enemy's sharpshooters had advanced between our forces and the hospital. The removal of the
wounded was over a very bad road and in the night, but was completed without apparent injury to any. The men were made
comfortable for the night, and in the morning, as soon as the operations were completed, the wounded were removed to Kelly's
Ferry, and placed in hospital preparatory to their removal to Bridgeport. The medical officers discharged their duties with
promptness and skill. Before night of the 25th the wounded were all attended to in hospital, so that our surgeons were in
readiness to do duty on the field at Missionary Ridge; but none of our division received injury in that action."
CCXLIL Extract from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Staff of the Fourteenth
Corps at the Battle of Chattanooga. By Surgeon F. H. GROSS, U. S. Volunteers.
"On or about November 20th, I informed the division medical directors of the command, that a general
engagement with the enemy was expected to take place in the course of a few days, and that the division hospitals should at
once be prepared, and all other necessary arrangements made for the reception of wounded. The sick that were hospital cases,
were accommodated, as far as possible, in one hospital, under charge of Assistant Surgeon H. Benson, 10th Wisconsin Volun
teers, the building, an old frame hotel, having conveniences for heating and cooking, has been made, through efforts of the officer
in charge, to answer our purpose quite well. All our hospitals, with the exception of temporary hospital depots, were located
in Chattanooga. Those intended for the reception of wounded, consisted, for the 1st division, in two churches, also quite well
adapted for our use. In addition to these a number of hospital tents were pitched in convenient localities to be used in case of
emergency. The larger of these churches, a brick building on Main street, I had prepared for the accommodation of wounded
subsequent to the battle of Chickamauga, and required aside from the removal of a few sick, no additional preparation. Surgeon
E. H. Dunn, 15th Kentucky Volunteers, the officer in charge, with an efficient staff of operators and assistants, performed the
business of the hospital in an admirable manner. The smaller frame church was prepared for the occasion and placed under charge
of Surgeon R. F. Dyer, 104th Illinois Volunteers. The bedding and other necessary articles were promptly supplied and the
hospital conducted in a highly creditable manner. The small number of wounded of the 2d division, General J. C. Davis',
were accommodated after their arrival at Chattanooga, in the general hospital of the post. This division took its position on the
extreme left of the line, fronting Missionary Ridge, and ordered to act as reserve to the Fifteenth Corps, under command of Major
General Sherman. For particulars of the part taken in the engagement by the 2d division and its subsequent expedition
toward Knoxville, Tennessee, I respectfully refer you to the report of Surgeon H. R. Payne, 10th Illinois Volunteers, the
division medical director. During that expedition, which lasted about twenty-five days, the troops had but a scanty allowance
of food, and many of them were poorly clad, but notwithstanding this privation and suffering, there had been no death from
sickness, and on their arrival at Chattanooga only a remarkably small number required treatment in hospitals. An old brick
hotel, which we had in use since the battle of Chickamauga, constitutes the hospital for the 3d division, General A. Baird's.
Considerable amount of labor has been necessary to render this a moderately good hospital. For a time we were compelled to
crowd this building with a comparatively large number of patients. By sending the more slightly wounded to the rear, in
accordance with orders from the department medical director, this inconvenience has been overcome. Credit is due to Surgeon
J. R. Arter, 31st Ohio Volunteers, the officer in charge, as well as to the other medical officers of the 3d division for their activity
REPORT OF SURGEON B. F. MILLER. 295
and attention to duty. For a detailed account of the part taken, by the 1st and 2d divisions of this corps in the assault on
Missionary Ridge and subsequent movements, and the operations of General Carlin's brigade during the capture of Lookout
Mountain, by Major General Hooker, I respectfully refer you to the report of Surgeons B. F. Miller, 2d Ohio Volunteers, and
R. G. Bogue, 19th Illinois Volunteers, the directors of the respective divisions. From personal observation I am enabled to
testify to the proniptness and efficiency of the medical officers of this corps. The single exception of misbehavior on part of an
assistant surgeon already known to you, and his case being under consideration, it is deemed unnecessary to make any further
reference to it at this time. The following is a numerical statement of the casualties of the corps : Commissioned officers killed,
thirteen, wounded, thirty-eight; enlisted men killed, one hundred and fourteen, wounded, six hundred and forty-one, or a total
of eight hundred and six."
CCXLIIL Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Staff in the First
Division of the Fourteenth Corps at the Battle of Chattanooga. 13y Surgeon B. F. MILLER,
2d Ohio Volunteers.
* * * "The 1st and 2d brigades comprised the active force, the 3d being kept on duty within our fortifications. On
Monday, November 23d, the 1st brigade was ordered to occupy the trenches in our works, resting their right on the Tennessee
River. During the course of the night they were withdrawn from this position and sent in front of Fort Negley, and there held
as a reserve to the 2d brigade then on picket. General Hooker having assaulted Lookout Mountain in the morning, and driven
the enemy to its eastern slope, toward evening it was ordered that the 1st brigade, Brigadier General Carlin commanding,
should cross Chattanooga Creek to his assistance. This stream they were obliged to cross by boats, and by the time it was
accomplished night had set in, and the troops had to advance up the hill by a very rugged route until near the White House,
when they were advanced to the front to relieve a part of General Geary's troops, engaged at the time as skirmishers. The
confronting lines approximated very closely, shielded by a very dense fog. Skirmishing was so vigorously carried on that it
almost amounted to a general engagement. At eleven o'clock p. M. it had comparatively ceased, and gradually lessened until
morning, when it was learned that the enemy had retired his lines at a point nearer his camps. The 1st brigade was ordered to
recross the river and join the 2d, yet doing picket duty in the same location as the day previous. Soon after this order had been
executed, line of battle was formed by the two brigades to co-operate with the lines formed to their left. At two o'clock P. M.,
November 25th, the column moved forward to assault Missionary Ridge, and this division occupied the extreme right, with
orders to conform to the movements of the left. The column advanced through a skirt of timber and across a plain, meeting the
enemy's skirmishers well in front of the first line of entrenchments ; but as our troops advanced, they soon rallied on the works,
and were compelled to abandon even these, as our forces had determined to assault the ridge. The enemy, forced to fall back,
made strong resistance, yet unequal to change the purpose of our column. Their fire confronted us, and his artillery played
lively upon our flanks. At four o'clock p. M. the heights had been stormed, and the enemy routed. The troops bivouacked on
the ridge for the night, and then began to follow up Bragg's retreating forces. At five o'clock P. M. the head of the column
had reached a road leading from Graysville to Ringgold, when they learned that the enemy was passing wagon trains along,
and it was decided to try their capture. A reconnoissance developed that a rebel camp was close by, and a rapid disposition
was made to surround them, but the plan was discovered by the enemy, and he fled, leaving a section of artillery and his wounded
in our hands, resulting from a volley delivered at his panic-stricken troops. The column then moved forward to Graysville, and
there bivouacked until Friday morning, when we moved forward for Ringgold, tapping the road on which Major General
Hooker's troops were, about five miles from the town. One division from the Twelfth Corps had passed, and we followed.
Upon our arrival at the town, General Geary's division had found the enemy posted upon the side and crest of Taylor's Heights,
a formidable position in rear of the town, and had already skirmished sharply. ' ' Soon an assault was made by the above-
named division, which was stubbornly resisted by the enemy. This division was formed, and advanced to the base of the hill,
but did not become engaged. At this point the pursuit of the route of the enemy was abandoned, and the division returned to
quarters. * * I was delighted to find so much harmony and efficiency crowning the labors of the medical officers. Those
who followed the troops on the field made themselves useful in collecting the wounded, and, after temporary attention, sent them
directly to hospitals provided for them. One of these officers in each brigade was required to superintend the stretcher-bearers,
and to keep them at work, and also to see that every means was employed to prevent delays in transporting the wounded to
ambulances. This branch of duty was ably performed. The only ambulance train that we had at our command was made up
from the regimental ambulances, the division train being useless to us at the time, for the reason that it was unable to cross the
river, the pontoons being separated by high water. The regimental train was efficiently managed under the direction of Assistant
Surgeon "VV. P. McCullough, 78th Pennsylvania Volunteers. * The rapidity with which the wounded were removed from
the field is due to his exertions mainly. Under his guidance the division wounded were deposited in the proper hospitals, and
thus classified. Much credit is due Surgeon R. F. Dyer, 104th Illinois Volunteers, for industry and energy. I have
scarcely met a more faithful, persevering, and industrious gentleman in the profession. * * I acknowledge with pride the
skill displayed by the operating staffs, aided by a good corps of assistants. The manner in which they worked to relieve tlu?
suffering was of a highly creditable character, each case receiving early attention, and no unnecessary delay indulged in before
operations were performed or dressings applied. On the morning of the 26th, I was obliged to divide the surgical force, and
required a part of the number attached to the hospital to follow the troops then advancing on Ringgold. The order issued at
a very late hour for the surgeons to be in readiness to accompany the troops, .and to provide a sufficiency of hospital supplies for
any emergency. Notwithstanding the brevity of time allowed, a fair supply was selected and taken along. The division arrived
too late to join the storming forces. Our supplies were tendered to Surgeon A. Ball, 5th Ohio Volunteers, surgeon-in-chief of
296 APPENDED DOCUMENTS WESTERN ARMIES, 1863-4.
General Geary's division. As much destitution existed, both as to medical officers and supplies in this division, their wants were
relieved as far as possible by the corps of surgeons belonging to this division, who cheerfully volunteered their services, and
beinw kindly accepted, they were assigned to duty at a hospital where many wounded had been collected without the slightest
facilities to care for them. With the appliances at our command, each medical officer appreciated the necessity of the work before
him, and executed it with great willingness, so that the wounded had opportunely excellent attention rendei-ed them. The day
following, the wounded were sent by rail to Graysville, and thence by ambulances. Many of the wounds received here and at
Binggold were of a very severe character, in consequence of the relative position of the two hostile parties; that of the enemy
being on an abrupt elevation gave the advantage of a plunging fire, so that in most instances where bone was involved, destruction
ensued for a long distance."
CCXLIV. Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Staff in the Second
Division of the Fourteenth Corps at the Battle of Chattanooga. By Surgeon II. It. PAYNE,
10th Illinois Volunteers.
"Information derived from General Davis, commanding the division, satisfied me that an engagement was
impending, and I at once summoned the brigade surgeons of the 1st, 2d, and 3d brigades, and consulted with them as to the
best mode of giving prompt attention to the wounded. * Two medical officers were appointed to accompany each brigade
on the field. They were to exercise a general supervision over the ambulances and the men detailed to accompany them, and to
see that each man wounded was temporarily dressed before moving to the hospital. This was to be selected at a safe and
convenient distance from the battle-field. To assist them, one steward was appointed to each brigade to accompany the details
of men in charge of the stretchers, and have the wounded removed immediately to the ambulances. Twelve men were detailed
from each regiment to carry this into execution. Two litters were ordered to accompany each regiment upon the field of battle.
Three surgeons were to constitute the operating staff of the hospital, including the brigade surgeon, who was ordered to consult
and assist in all difficult cases. Two Assistant Surgeons were ordered to assist them, one assistant to keep a complete record
of cases and .the opei-ations to be performed. One surgeon to administer chloroform, and one to see the hospital kept in order
and to see that proper nourishment was prepared for the wounded. Hospital stewards, cooks, and nurses were appointed.
Each brigade surgeon was ordered to co-operate with the division surgeon and see that these instructions were fully carried out.
On the morning of November 24th, the division crossed the Tennessee River, four miles above this city, on a pontoon bridge,
which was constructed quietly during the night, and took up a position on our extreme left, fronting Missionary Eidge, and was
ordered to act as a reserve to the Fifteenth Corps. Every preparation was made for an early engagement. The night, however,
passed quietly without an assault. The residence of Mr. Crutchfield was selected as a hospital because of its accessibility to
the field where it was supposed the engagement would take place. Fighting commenced on the morning of the 25th, by General
Sherman's forces assaulting the enemy's works, and continued throughout the day with much obstinacy on both sides, until the
ridge was in our possession. The 2d division of the Fourteenth Corps was not engaged, and as there was many wounded from
the Fifteenth Corps, I readily consented to its hospital being used for the wounded of this corps. The day passed, and when
night came the men bivouacked on the field. At midnight of the 25th, we received orders to march at once, crossing the
Chickamauga Creek near its mouth, some six miles distant. It was supposed we would meet the enemy before reaching this
point. Almost all our supplies, except what was absolutely necessary, were left in the rear. Upon arriving near the station,
the enemy was observed a short distance in front, apparently destroying their immense commissary stores at this depot. Our
forces drew up in line of battle, and moved forward to meet them. The enemy was gradually driven back to the mountain
beyond the station, where entrenchments were thrown up. Everything indicated a severe engagement at this point. I at once
selected a good building for a hospital, where there was an abundance of good water, and straAV sufficient to shield the wounded
from the cold. ' * My instructions were fully carried out, and everything was done for the comfort of the wounded. Each
surgeon did his duty faithfully, except one. * * The wounded were temporarily dressed on the field, and at once sent to
the hospital, where they received all the attention necessary before sending them to the general hospital at Chattanooga. No
amputations were performed. In one case the brachial artery was ligated. The wounded were sent in charge of Assistant
Surgeon F. S. Dodds, GOth Illinois Volunteers, to Chattanooga. After the enemy were driven from this position, the pursuit was
continued until we arrived near Einggold. * * On the morning of the 28th, we received orders to march in the direction
of Knoxville. Reeling the necessity of more medical stores, I at once sent a surgeon with an ambulance to Chattanooga to get
them, as I considered they would be necessary in case we became again engaged with the enemy, as most of the regiments had
but a limited supply. But owing to the bad condition of the roads, they did not come up until we arrived at the Tennessee
Eiver, some seven days afterward. Fortunately, however, they Avere not needed. It was from this point that we were ordered
to return to our camps at Chattanooga. On account of the small supply of rations, we had to subsist upon the country through
which we passed, and hence did not arrive here until the morning of December 18th. After the engagement to which I have
already referred, but few casualties occurred. There were four cases of injury from accidental discharge of fire-arms, two of
which proved fatal. The division was absent twenty-five days, and notwithstanding the inclement weather and the fact that the
men were poorly supplied with clothing, many being without boots and shoes and but a scanty allowance of food, but little
sickness, and no deaths from sickness, occurred; and the sick report of the division, on the day of our arrival, showed but five
cases that were regarded as requiring treatment in hospital. I take great pleasure in saying that upon the whole march each
medical officer did his duty faithfully— ever ready and attentive to those under his charge. The following is a brief summary
of killed and wounded: Commissioned officers wounded, two; killed, one. Non-commissioned officers wounded, three; killed,
two. Privates wounded, twenty-four; killed, one. Total of wounded, twenty-nine; total of killed, four."
REPORTS OF SURGEONS BOGTJE AND MENZTKS. 297
CCXLV. Extracts from, a Report of the Operations of the Medical Staff in the Third
Division of the Fourteenth Corps at the Battle of Chattanooga. By Surgeon 11. G.
BOGUE, 19th Illinois Volunteers.
* * * "On the 20th of November, I was notified by Surgeon F. H. Gross, U. S. A., medical director Fourteenth Corps,
that it was probable we were to have a battle the day following, or at furthest within a few days. He directed that the medical
department of the division be prepared for it. With the twenty regiments to participate in the battle, there were twenty-seven
medical officers. The assignment of them for different duty was accordingly made and the parties notified of what part they
were to take, and what duty would be expected of them. One was assigned to the charge of the hospital, one as.his assistant,
and one to prepare a record of the cases dressed at the hospital. An operating staff was formed for each brigade of the division,
one principal operator with three assistant operators. There were three medical officers designated to accompany each brigade
to the field, the remaining ones were assigned to duty at the division hospital. * * These were ordered to report to the
surgeon-in-charge with their instruments, ready for duty, when the command was ordered to the field. Those selected to
remain with the command, were directed to attend to the gathering of the wounded by the stretcher-bearers and to see that the
ambulances were kept well up, that the men could be sent to hospital with as little delay as possible. They were directed to do
but little dressing upon the field, the more important duty being to see that the wounded were sent to hospital, where they could
be properly attended to. Each regiment was furnished with two stretchers, and all were directed to have the usual number of
stretcher-bearers. On the 23d, the division moved outside the entrenchments, but did not become engaged until the afternoon of
the 25th, when it participated in the assault of Missionary Ridge, the battle ceasing at dark. The wounded were gathered as
expeditiously as possible. All those of the division, except four cases, which were overlooked owing to the darkness of the
evening and roughness of the ground, were taken that night to the hospital. Most of them were dressed, and all of them fed.
The next day, the 26th, the command moved on in pursuit. We arrived at Ringgold on the 27th, but were not engaged in the
fight there. A number of the medical officers assisted that morning in dressing the wounded of the troops who had been engaged,
and twelve of the division ambulances were furnished to take them back to Chattanooga. The command was under fire but a
few hours of one day, the 25th. The injuries received were from shells and musketry, the latter at quite short range, the enemy
being much of the time behind breastworks. The number of killed and wounded in the division were as follows : Eight officers
killed and fifteen wounded; seventy-four enlisted men killed and three hundred and eighty wounded, making a total of eighty-
two killed and three hundred and ninety -five wounded; aggregate, killed and wounded, four hundred and seventy-seven. The
medical officers attended to their duties faithfully as far as I was able to know or learn. Those on the field did especially well,
working faithfully to succor the wounded as early as possible. They deserve thanks for their faithful labor. Of these I speak
freely for I remained with the command on the field, and was witness to their work and care."
CCXLVL Extracts from a Report on the Casualties of the First Division of the Fourth Corps
at the Battle of Buzzard Roost. By Surgeon S. G. MENZIKS, 1st Kentucky Volunteers.
"On February 22, 18(34, twelve regiments of this division commanded by General Cruft, left camp at Blue
Spring, Tennessee, and marched nine miles to Red Clay, Georgia, the old council ground of the Cherokee Indians, where they
were joined by six regiments of General Matthias's division. ' * The troops were in fine health and spirits, marched well,
and were joyous at the prospect of meeting the enemy. Next day, the 23d, the whole command, eighteen regiments, moved six
or eight miles to the farm of Dr. Lee, near Catoosa Springs, a locality in the region of Catoosa platform, Stone Church, Ringgold,
and Tunnel Hill. In the night moved toward Stone Church two miles. After maneuvering in the mountains on the 24th,
stayed at Dr. Lee's iintil three o'clock, A. M. of the 25th, the 3d brigade being four miles in front at Big Spring. At that hour
we started forward and came to the mountain on the north side of Buzzard Roost Gap by nine o'clock, and found the enemy in
force on the top of the mountain. General Cruft, forming the left of our line, marched this division up the hill side, and the
attack commenced. At the foot of this hill, in some old cabins on a small rivulet, I established a field hospital. Wounded began
to come by eleven o'clock A. M. and continued coming slowly until the middle of the afternoon, when the shells began to fly so
thickly around the hospital we were compelled to fall back two miles to Big Spring, where a barn was policed and three hospital
tents pitched. Before leaving the first hospital site, two hundred and fifteen patients, in ambulances, were sent to Chattanooga
under charge of Surgeon J. M. Cooke, 24th Ohio Volunteers. They were dressed and cared for before leaving, except three or
four, who came down the mountain and got in the train for Chattanooga without orders. At nine o'clock in the evening, orders
came to leave Big Spring, to return to Dr. Lee's farm, and to send the rest of the wounded to Chattanooga. This was done, all
the patients going but one, an artilleryman who was hurt in the hip, and exsection of upper third of femur made by Dr. Abbott.
This man was left with a family at Big Spring. Along with our wounded, eleven of Colonel Long's men, who had been wounded
the day before, were sent in our ambulances under charge of Assistant Surgeon Boone of Long's Cavalry, our own being under
charge of Surgeon J. A. Mills, 8th Kentucky Volunteers. * * Only two operations were performed, amputation below the
knee by Surgeon Beach at the cabins, and exsection of hip-joint by Surgeon Abbott at Big Spring. The casualties amounted to
fifty-nine, other commands adding about nine more. It is a source of much gratification to report the general good conduct of the
medical officers, both in the field and hospital, and especially that of Surgeons Kersey, Beach, and Abbott, in the hospital. And
I must also commend the skill and promptness shown by ambulance master Mitchell. The ambulances were always in place and
the wounded carefully brought off."
38
298 APPENDED DOCUMENTS CAMPAIGN IN GEOEGIA.
CCXLYII. Extract from a Report on the Casualties of the Second Division of the Four
teenth Corps in the Action at Buzzard Roost, Georgia. By Surgeon S. J. "W. MINTZEK,
U. S. Volunteers.
* * * "On the morning of February 23d, the 2d division of the Fourteenth Corps left camp, and that night
encamped at Binggold, and next morning took the advance and had a slight skirmish with the enemy in a gap near Buzzard
Roost. On the 25th, there was skirmishing all day by part of the 1st and 3d brigades. About four in the afternoon our lines
were advanced, which brought on a spirited skirmish, attended with the following results of killed and wounded: Six killed,
sighty-seven wounded; engaged two thousand one hundred and two."
CCXLVIIT. Extract from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the
Third Division of the Fourteenth Army Corps, in the Action at Buzzard Roost, Georgia.
By Surgeon EOSWELL Gr. BOGUE, 19th Illinois Volunteers.
* * * "On the evening of February 21st, the division received orders to be ready to move on the morning of the 22d
with three days' rations. Camps were to remain as they were, convalescents remaining in them, only the able portion of the
command to move. No intimation of the probabilities of the expedition were given, nor could I learn from corps headquarters
what preparation was expected in the medical department. I ordered that one medical officer accompany each regiment, taking
along the small medicine case famished them, and at least one set of panniers to each brigade. Accompanying the command
were five surgeons and eight assistant surgeons, besides myself. There were fourteen ambulances and a small supply of dres-
sin^s etc. for an emergency. The ambulances were in charge of a lieutenant, with two sergeants for assistants, and two men
Avith each ambulance as attendants or stretcher bearers. The ambulance boxes were furnished nearly according to orders. One
medical officer remained with the train each day to attend to those who required transporting. February 22d, the command
moved as far, as Einggold, sixteen miles; on the 23d, to Catoosa Station, only about three miles; on the 24th,, to near Tunnel
Hill about four miles. During three days nothing had transpired in the command worthy of note. At three A. M. on the 25th,
the command moved to take position in what is called Cox's Cove, near Dalton, arriving there about nine A. M., having marched
about ten miles. Skirmishing began about 10:30 A. M., by one brigade of four regiments. Firing was continued the remainder
of the day with greater or less severity until dark, firing by the enemy with both musketry and artillery. The wounded were
gathered very promptly by the ambulance corps, both the lieutenants in charge and his men doing their work very creditably,
indeed, proving very plainly that the present arrangement for ambulance corps is preferable to that heretofore. The wounded
men were gotten together, and most of them dressed, and all put into ambulances, and started for Einggold before dark, two
medical officers accompanying the train. They arrived at Einggold about midnight, and were forwarded directly to Chattanooga.
The command moved back to Catoosa Station that night. The next day, the 26th, it moved to Tunnel Hill again, and at night
moved back to Catoosa Station, and the day after, the 27th, it moved into Einggold, where it has remained in camp to the pres
ent time. The ground over which the fighting occurred was rough and hilly, a portion cleared fields, a portion woods. The
medical officers, without exception, did their duties both on the field and at, the temporary hospital faithfully and very satis
factorily. I am under obligations, and will here express my thanks to Surgeon O. Q. Herrick, 34th Illinois infantry and medical
inspector Fourteenth Army Corps, for assistance in the disposition of the wounded. There were in the engagement four killed
and eighty-eight wounded."
CCXLIX. Extract from a Report of the Ambulance Train of the Fourteenth Corps, at
Buzzard Roost. By Captain WILLIAM IT. COLLINS, Chief of the Ambulance Corps.
: "At the stone church, beyond Einggold, I found that twenty-five ambulances, belonging to my corps, Avere
on the ground, ten of which, OAving to an unexplained delay of organization in the 2d division, were unprovided with stretchers
and attendants. The dead and Avounded of a slight skirmish occurring on this afternoon in the vicinity of Tunnel Hill, Avere
promptly sent to Chattanooga. Wednesday, February 24th, the troops advancing toAvard the enemy, I directed my lieutenants to
watch and conform to the movements of their respective diA'isions, keeping Avell closed up to them; this Avas efficiently done, and the
dead and Avounded were promptly taken care of. On February 25th, on a division passing over Eocky Face Mountain, Lieutenant
Labin folloAA'ed Avith his train. In the engagement Avhich ensued, he with his attendants, folloAved the troops to the front and
brought off all the Avounded. The 1st and 2d divisions engaged the enemy at Buzzard Eoost Gap. At this point I gave my
personal attention to the removal of the Avounded. I regret to say that some of our Avounded, Avho fell in an unsuccessful charge
made by General Morgan's brigade, Avere here left on the field. During the night three Avounded were brought from the disputed
ground in front of our skirmish line under cover of the darkness. On February 26th, our advance line during the day being
stationary, all the Avounded Avere easily and promptly removed. At nightfall our troops Avere properly withdrawn. On Feb
ruary 27th, by eight A. M., all but a few of the Avounded not able to bear transportation, Avere en route for Chattanooga. The
reconnoissance ended, I ordered the trains to go into park at their respective division headquarters. I enclose the reports of my
division lieutenants, setting forth their operations in detail. I Avould respectfully suggest, that had I received notice of the
expedition, my train woidd have been better prepared to render efficient service."
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR COOPER.
CCL. Report on the Operations of the Medical Department of the Army of the Cumberland,
in the Campaign through Georgia, in the summer of 186i. By Surgeon GEORGE E. COOPER,
U. S. Army, Medical Director.
"Sitt: The report of the campaign of the army of the Cumberland beginning in the first week of May, 1864, and ending
with the capture and occupation of Atlanta, is made from personal knowledge beginning on June 10, 1864. All information
previous to that time is derived from the records of the office of the medical director of the army of the Cumberland, and from
oral information given me by medical officers connected with the army. I joined the headquarters in the field, near Big Shanty,
Georgia, having been prevented by an attack of malarial fever from reaching the main army sooner. Shortly after the action
at Resaca, I went to that place, arriving the morning after the army had advanced, and observed the preparations which had
been made for the reception of the wounded. The hospital train accompanied me, and all wounded able to be transported in
it were sent to Chattanooga, where I remained till the action near Dallas occurred, when I went to Kingston and received the
wounded and sick from the front, had them transported to the rear, and then, with the first opportunity, rejoined headquarters
in the field. The preparations for the medical and surgical outfit of the troops had been made by Surgeon Glover Perin, U.
S. A., who had been medical director until relieved by me, and by his foresight and care, everything had been prepared which
could facilitate the medical officers in providing for the sick and wounded of the army. A large field hospital, consisting of
one hundred tents, and all the appurtenances, had been organized, and was following in the rear of the army, at a convenient
distance, keeping the line of the Western and Atlanta railroad. Into this the major portion of the wounded and sick were
received, and treated until transportation to Chattanooga could be furnished them, or their condition would permit it. This
field hospital was first established at Ringgold, Georgia, where it remained until May 16, 1864, when it was brought forward
to Resaca, in order to receive the soldiery wounded in that action. It there remained until the last days of June, when it was
transferred to Big Shanty. It again moved to the rear in a few days, as the position at Big Shanty was uncovered by the ilank
movements of the armies under General Sherman, which caused the evacuation of Kenesaw Mountain by the rebel forces, and
gave us possession of Marietta, Georgia. On the occupation of that town, the field hospital was transferred there somewhere
about July 8, 1864, and remained there until after we had crossed the Chattahoochie river, when it was brought forward to
Vining's Station, Georgia, where it remained until the capture of Atlanta, when it was removed to that place. Here an eligible
and convenient position was selected, the tents pitched, the sick received, and much labor expended on the grounds, but the
mobile nature of the field hospital continued, for the position selected was unfortunately one on which the engineers decided it
to be necessary to erect a fortification in the inner line of works, and the vast labor expended in cleaning up what had been
used as a mule corral, so as to fit the ground for hospital purposes, had to be repeated, and still more unfortunately the sick had
to be transferred from a clean and comfortable position to one which was far less eligible and convenient. This hospital under
charge of Assistant Surgeon W. C. Woodworth, U. S. V., has been of the greatest benefit, and too much credit cannot be given
that officer for his zeal, energy and activity. In the field hospital every preparation which circumstances would permit of had
been made for the proper alimentation of the sick and wounded. An acting commissary of subsistence had been detailed to
accompany it, who kept it amply supplied with every delicacy procurable, and these, in addition to the articles supplied by the
different sanitary commissions enabled the surgeons on duty to furnish the patients with as good a character of diet as could be
found in the permanent hospitals at the rear. By direction of Surgeon Perin, U. S. A., a train of some thirty wagons had been
organized for the purpose of carrying medical supplies with the army. This, under the charge of Assistant Surgeon J. W.
Craig, 10th Illinois Volunteers, field medical purveyor, kept the army fully supplied with all the medical and hospital stores
needed by the troops in the field. Never, from the hour of starting from Chattanooga till the present time, has this army wanted
in medical stores, and always has there been a sufficiency on hand to meet any emergency. For the prompt furnishing of
supplies WTC are much indebted to the Assistant Surgeon General R. C. Wood. It was only necessary to state that articles were
required for the use of the troops at the front, when orders were issued from the assistant surgeon general's office, which had
them forwarded with all the speed that could possibly be made. Ample hospital accommodation had been made at the rear for
the reception of the sick and wounded of the armies operating in Georgia. These had been organized previous to the advance
of the armies, and it was only necesssary to increase their capacity by the addition of hospital tents, to accommodate all who
were brought from the front for treatment. It is impossible to speak of any of the actions which occurred in the present campaign
as an entity, for in reality it has been a series of skirmishes and heavy actions, from the advance on Tunnel Hill, until the occupa
tion of Atlanta. This campaign has, in former years, had no parallel. It may be regarded as a continued series of sieges,
with the accompanying assaults and skirmishes, together with sallies on the part of the; enemy, who, attacking our troops were
met, and in nearly every instance repulsed. Not a foot of ground was gained, save by hard fighting, and the constant throwing
up of works and intrenchments, which would be abandoned by our troops only to occupy others more in advance. It is stated
that over three hundred miles of rifle-pits have been constructed by our troops during the campaign; this necessarily demanded
constant labor. The ground dug up from Tunnel Hill to Jonesboro, will serve to indicate to sight seekers, in coming years,
the severe trial undergone by our troops in their advance into Northern Georgia. For four successive months the troops were
fighting either in the trenches or on the march, and during that whole period there was constant musketry firing on the skirmish
line. The average number of rounds of musketry ammunition fired by each man in the army of the Cumberland exceeds two
hundred. This, when it is considered how few men, at any one time are engaged during a campaign like the one just ended,
can enable one to form an idea of its character.
In consequence of the difficulty of procuring forage on a line so distant from its base as that in which this army operated,
it was deemed necessary to cut down the amount of transportation to the lowest possible estimate. This induced the leaving at
the rear, not only superfluous articles, but, in many cases, what might actually be regarded necessary ones. The expectation
that the campaign would be a short and decisive one, as well as the order issued to the effect, caused both officers and men to
move in as light marching order as possible; but few had more with them than was actually carried on their persons. All
300 APPENDED DOCUMENTS — -CAMPAIGN IN GEORGIA.
cooking apparatus, save coffee pots and frying pans, with here and there a mess pan or camp kettle, were left behind at
Chattanooga; the result of this was, that the cooking was of the worst character and not conducive to digestion. This dearth
of culinary apparatus entirely precluded all cooking by messes of companies, which is the only proper manner of preparing
food furnished troops. The commissary supplies, furnished until the occupation of Marietta, consisted almost entirely of hard
bread, salt pork or bacon, and fresh beef, with coffee and sugar; but little, if any, beans, rice, soup, vinegar, or other small
rations were issued. After the occupation of Marietta, which was made the main depot, the commissary department bad ready
for issue an abundance of all kinds of supplies; but owing to the indolence or ignorance of the commissaries, even- then the
troops were not furnished more freely than before. The weather in the early part of June was pleasant and comparatively
cool. On the morning of the 10th of that month it commenced raining, and continued so to do for ten successive days, with
but little intermission. The country became a vast bog ; the roads were rendered almost impassable, and their condition
rendered any movements requiring accompanying transportation almost impracticable. At this time the Twentieth Corps, on
the extreme right, had not as large a supply of medical stores as might have been desired, but was short of nothing absolutely
required. This was, however, owing to the fact that the condition of the roads to Ackworth, where the field medical purveyor
then was, rendered the transportation of them almost impossible. After the cessation of the June rains, the weather continued
pleasant, with light summer showers, until the middle of August, when heavy rains came on once more and continued for
several days. The heat during the summer was at no time oppressive, nor did the thermometer show over ninety degrees in the
shade on the hottest days ; the nights were delightfully pleasant, and, with but few exceptions, a blanket was necessary to be
used before morning. The country from Chattanooga to Ackworth is mountainous, thence to Atlanta high and rolling, densely
wooded, with but a small portion under cultivation; small streams are numerous, and several rivers cross the line of the
campaign. The water from Chattanooga to the Etowah River is good, but much impregnated with lime; soyth of that stream
the water is soft, clear, and delicious. Water on the whole line is abundant, and in few portions of the United States can more
numerous springs of clear, cold, soft water be found than between the Etowah River and Atlanta. The health of the troops,
when entering upon the campaign, was good, comparatively speaking. During the previous winter they had been encamped in
the vicinity of Chattanooga, with but few vegetables furnished them. Some of the troops had been campaigning in East
Tennessee during a portion of the winter, and these had been furnished with marching rations only. This was the case with
the Fourth Corps and portions of the Twentieth. The 3d division of the Twentieth Corps was composed of either new troops
or those brought from the garrisons in the rear, and in this division more sickness occurred than in any other in the army. The
men, unaccustomed to the rough usages of a campaign, wilted away, while the veteran troops around them were enjoying
exuberant health. Previous to entering upon the campaign, every brigade in the army had been furnished with a medicine
wagon, filled, and two government wagons to carry canvas and appurtenances for the brigade field hospitals ; an operating staff
had been detailed, and everything systematised so that, during an action, the wounded might receive prompt and efficient
attention. The field hospitals were always kept well to the front, and, in time of action, pitched as near as the safety of the
wounded would permit. The ambulance corps, organized under the new system, had been untried, but the trial given it
was scarcely a fair one, for the animals furnished it were of the poorest character; they consisted of the animals which had
been almost starved at Chattanooga, during the siege at that place, and had scarcely recuperated ere they were turned over by
the quartermaster's department to the ambulance corps to perform the hardest duty in the army, and for which the strongest
and best conditioned animals are required. For these mules and horses there is no time of rest; their services are needed as
much during the night as in the day, and I will venture to assert that the animals belonging to the ambulance trains passed
over twice as much ground as those of any other train in the army. It was with difficulty that suitable persons could
be procured as stretcher bearers; regimental and company officers seem to have conceived the idea that weak, sickly, and
trifling men are those best suited for detail in the corps. This, at first, caused the detail of many such, who had soon to be
relieved in consequence of their incapacity. Many of the officers who cherished the above ideas, by sad experience, have
learned that strong, healthy, and agile men are required to perform the duties belonging to the stretcher bearer. The men of
the ambulance corps have done their duty well and faithfully ; under the heaviest fire they have faltered not, but calmly and
carefully carried the wounded to the ambulance depots. The ambulances were, I am informed, not in good order when leaving
Chattanooga, but by careful management on the part of the officers, and by repairs made when practicable, they have served the
campaign through, and are now in condition to enter upon another. Until the middle of June, the Fourteenth and Twentieth
Corps were virtually without directors. Surgeon R. H. Gilbert, U. S. V., who entered upon the campaign as medical director
of the Fourteenth Corps, in consequence of illness, was compelled to go to the rear. Surgeon W. C. Otterson, U. S. V., in
charge of the Twentieth Corps, resigned in the latter part of May, and left when the army was hi the neighborhood of Dallas,
Georgia. About the middle of June, Surgeons C. W. Jones, U. S. V., and John W. Foye, U. S. V., were respectively assigned
as medical directors of the Fourteenth and Twentieth Corps. Surgeon J. Theodore Heard, U. S. V., has been the director of
the Fourth Corps from the opening of the campaign, and still occupies that position. The condition of the medical department
of the Fourth Corps, owing to his energy, efficiency, and experience, far surpasses that of any other iu the army of the
Cumberland; ever ready for an emergency, and anticipating any that might arise, he, with his able surgeons have made the
hospital department of the Fourth Corps, a model to the rest of the army. I do not wish by this to disparage the Fourteenth
or Twentieth Corps, but owing to the change of directors, and the want of system when they assumed charge, the sick and
wounded were not for a time, so well or so promptly cared for as in the Fourth Corps. To this insinuation, however, there is
an exception, the 1st division of the Fourteenth Corps, under the charge of Surgeon S. Marks, 10th Wisconsin Volunteers, and
the hospital thereof under the charge of Surgeon Lucius J. Dixon, 1st Wisconsin Volunteers, will bear comparison with any
division in this or any other army. The Twentieth Corps, since the assignment of Surgeon John W. Foye, U. S. V., has been,
as far as the medical department is concerned, all that could be desired, and his removal to another sphere of usefulness will be
looked upon, by all connected with that corps and the army, as a misfortune. On passing through Kingston, Georgia, to join
the army, I found a deserted rebel hospital, capable of accommodating sonic two hundred and fifty patients. This was built on
a most eligible position, and being midway between the objective point of the campaign, Atlanta, Georgia, and Chattanooga,
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR COOPER. 301
appeared to be a proper position for a general hospital.' It was well constructed, and required but few repairs to put it iu
order to receive patients; consequently directions were given to Surgeon \V. H. White, 79th Pennsylvania Volunteers, at the
time on duty at Kingston, to fit it up and increase its capacity by the addition of fifty hospital tents. It has since served a
most beneficial purpose, both as a receptacle for the wounded and sick of the cavalry troops stationed in the vicinity, as well as
for the purpose of affording accommodation to the wounded in transitu to Chattanooga, who might be detained by destruction
of the railroad between Tunnell Hill and Kingston, which occurred on more than one occasion. A ground plan of this hospital,
furnished by Surgeon White, accompanies this report.
On joining the army, I found the hospitals divided into sections of brigade, and each brigade hospital in charge of a
medical officer. Finding that this did not work smoothly, the brigade sections were consolidated into division sections, and
these placed under charge of one medical officer, who was made responsible for the property and supplies. This consolidation
was found to be much more practicable and economical, both in rations and medical supplies, as well as in the care of the
wounded. The innovation first formed upon, proved serviceable in many respects, particularly when movements were
contemplated, and the sick required transportation to the rear, as well as during an action ; for, instead of being brought to
the brigade hospital, where oftentimes the surgeons were overworked, the entire operating staff of the division was at the
disposal of the brigade whose loss was the heaviest. The surgeons, too, had conceived the idea that their especial duty was
to attend to the wounded of the regiment to which they belonged, or, at most, to the brigade to which they were attached. The
consolidation of the brigade hospitals avoided the evils arising from this idea, and all men belonging to the division were
cared for, regardless of the brigade to which they were attached. The diseases from which the troops suffered were those
incident to a campaign long continued, viz., dysentery, diarrhoaa, fevers, malarial, typho-malarial, and typhoid, with a slight
sprinkling of the exanthemeta. During the rainy season, lesions of the pulmonary viscera were common. Scurvy showed
itself in an early part of the campaign, which became considerably aggravated during the time the troops lay in the trenches
before Kenesaw and Atlanta. As soon, however, as the corn became edible, the command showed marked indications of
improvement. After the movement to the south of Atlanta, which resulted in its evacuation, the troops having had access to the
extensive corn fields on the line of march, improved rapidly, and on entering the city on September 7th, there was little, if any,
of the scorbutic taint perceptible, and the men were in finer condition and better able to take the field than at any time since
their leaving Chattanooga. The troops wounded at and near Buzzard Roost and Rocky Face Ridge were transferred by
rail to the hospitals at Chattanooga. Those wounded near Resaca were treated for some days in the division hospitals, and
thence transferred to the general field hospital, where the most seriously wounded were retained until they were in condition
to be conveyed in the hospital train to the hospitals at the rear. After the first actions near Dallas, the wounded were brought
in ambulances and wagons to Kingston, and thence by rail to Chattanooga. Those wounded in the last actions near Dallas
were brought in wagons to Ackworth, where temporary hospitals were. improvised until the bridge over the Etowah River was
rebuilt, when the wounded were carried on freight cars to the rear. The wounded from the various assaults and skirmishes
at and about Kenesaw were transferred from the division hospitals to Ackworth and Big Shanty, and thence by rail to
Chattanooga. After the assault of the enemy's works at Kenesaw, on June 27th, orders were given to move the wounded to the
rear in the course of twenty-four hours. The hospitals of the army of the Cumberland were, at the time, from six to nine miles
distant from Big Shanty, the nearest point on the railroad, and where too the general field hospital then was. To obey this
order, it was necessary to avail ourselves of every class of transportation — ambulances and baggage wagons. There were, at
the time, near two thousand wounded men in the hospitals of this army, and these had to be carried from six to nine miles
over roads rendered extremely rough by the rains which had inundated them, and the heavy trains which were constantly
passing over them. Knowing that Big Shanty would be uncovered by the time named, it was necessary to avail ourselves
of every train of box cars returning to the rear. The haste in which this transfer of wounded was made, caused, I doubt not,
much suffering, and I regret to say that, in some cases, neither proper or sufficient food was furnished the men on the way
to Chattanooga. This was owing principally, however, to detention on the road. The trip, which was represented as being
made in twelve hours, at times occupied thirty-six, and even more. The result was the rations in these cases ran short. The
attendants accompanying the sick in many cases were regardless of their duties. Though every train had a medical officer
accompanying it, he could not see the wounded save when stopping, in consequence of being unable to pass from car to car
when they were in motion. This took the greater part of the nurses from under his eye, and then it was the wants of the sick
were disregarded, the more especially in procuring water for them. To avoid the recurrence of this, I prevailed upon the
Sanitary Commission to establish refreshment stations at Kingston, Resaca and Dalton. They promptly placed their agents in
the above named places, and after this, there was no more want of food, coffee, or water. The wounded transported in box
cars cannot be properly cared for in consequence of the impossibility of passing from car to car, save when at rest. The
dressing of the wounded could be done only on the switches when the cars were waiting for the down trains. The trains from
the front generally passed up at night, and lanterns were not furnished them. Few then of the wounded were properly
dressed from the time of leaving the front until they arrived at Chattanooga, and the condition of many arriving there was
lamentable. I know that many complaints have been made of the manner in which the sick were transported, and of the
condition in which some arrived at Chattanooga. It was, however, impossible to do better than was done. The conveniencies
were few, the wounded many, and the stay-at-the-rear fault-finding patriots in excess. Every thing at our command was made
use of to mitigate the sufferings of our troops, and it was only where the medical department had no control that the wounded
were subjected to unnecessary suffering. The wounded from the actions hetween Marietta and Chattahoochie River were sent
to the field hospital at Marietta, and thence to the rear; those from the actions at the front of Atlanta to the same hospital, at
Vinings Station, and thence taken to the division hospitals. The wounded from Jonesboro' were brought from that place to
Atlanta in ambulances, and were, and are at present, treated in the division hospitals with a success seldom surpassed in the
history of military surgery. The wounds mot with in the campaign were caused by riHed and smooth-bore artillery, rifled
musketry throwing elongated projectiles, the sabre and the bayonet. The wounds were caused at all distances, from the extreme
laniLC of artillery and musketry to hand-to-hand conllict. Thev \verc, too. of t-vcry character inllicied by the projectile?-
302 APPENDED DOCUMENTS CAMPAIGN IN GEORGIA.
now used, from the slightest scratch to perfect dismemberment. I regret to state that the reports of wounded prior to June 27th
are not very reliable, owing to the want of care on the part of some of the medical officers in charge of division hospitals.
This remark is particularly applicable to the reports of the 3d division of the Twentieth Corps and to the 2d division of the
Fourteenth Corps. The medical officers are not to be blamed for this, as they were informed by Surgeon W. C. Otterson,
U. S. V., medical director of the corps at the opening of the campaign, that no reports would be required, as no transportation
for desks was furnished them. Every endeavor has been made to have them as nearly correct as possible, but they are still
more or less unreliable. The number of wounded reported by tabular statement as having been received into the brigade and
division hospitals at the front, during the campaign, is fourteen thousand four hundred and fifty. The number reported by
consolidating the weekly reports is fifteen thousand five hundred and fifty-nine. This discrepancy may be accounted for by
many slight wounds not having been reported in the tabular statement. The number reported as having died of wounds in
the hospitals at the front is, by tabular statement, nine hundred and four ; by consolidated reports, one thousand and sixty-seven
The number of amputations performed is reported at one thousand two hundred and eighty-six ; the number of exsections,
three hundred and two ; the number of other operations, seven hundred and ninety. Chloroform is reported as having been
used in one thousand two hundred and fifty-five cases ; but this is far below the actual number, as it was freely used in all cases
where examination of wounds was to be made, and where painful dressings were to be applied. In no case had any injurious
effects resulted from its use. The number of sick received into the division hospitals is reported as forty-three thousand one
hundred and fifty-three ; the number reported as transferred to general hospitals is twenty-six thousand one hundred and
eighty-four; the number reported as having died in the division hospitals from wounds and disease is one thousand two hundred
and seventy-four. From the fact of the army having been constantly on the move until the occupation of Atlanta, and necessity
arising therefrom of being compelled to transfer to hospitals at the rear, all the seriously wounded, it was impossible to learn
the results of the operations performed on the field. It was only after the battle of Jonesboro', September 1, 1864, that the
operating surgeon had the opportunity of treating the wounded till the results were determined. The wounded in this action
were brought from the field to Atlanta, some three days after the action, and, with the exception of the men of the 2d division,
Fourteenth Corps, were placed in hospital tents. The wounded of that division were placed in the Atlanta Medical College,
which had been used by the rebels as a hospital ; the rooms are large, airy, and well ventilated. The men, at the time of being
wounded, were in excellent health, with no taint of scurvy perceptible. The weather, from the time of the action till now, has
been delightful, not warm enough to oppress, nor cold enough to render the closing of the tent openings or windows necessary
at night. The food furnished the wounded was ample, and of the best character; all the necessary delicacies were at the
disposal of the surgeons; generous diet and stimulants were used from the moment the wounded were placed in the wards.
The hospitals were kept exceedingly clean; the dressings were performed in almost every case by the surgeons connected with
the hospitals, and in the 2d division of the Fourteenth Corps, exclusively so. I transmit the report of Surgeon Edward
Bat well, 14th Michigan Volunteers, in charge of the 2d division, Fourteenth Corps hospital. The results shown by this report
will, I think, bear favorable comparison with any military surgery, and reflect great credit on the medical officers of the
division. I send too the report of Surgeon Batwell, of the result of experiments made with a preparation called "Phend.
Sodigue," sent to me to be used in order to test its merits. From my own observations, as well as from what I can learn, it
has proved to be an admirable adjunct in the treatment of flabby wounds, and in those implicating the spongy bones. The
medical officers of the army of the Cumberland have performed their duties, in this long and onerous campaign in a manner
highly creditable to themselves and beneficial to the sick and wounded soldiery. The experience of three years having taught
them the requirements of military surgeons, the work was well and promptly performed. Unfortunately, many of these
valuable officers, having completed their term of service, are about being mustered out, and their places will be filled by men
who have seen little, if any, service in the field. Accompanying this, I transmit the classified returns of wounds and injuries,
and the reports of the corps directors. The list of wrounded will be forwarded as soon as finished.
Respectfully, your obedient servant,
GEO. E. COOPER,
Surgeon U. S. A., Medical Director.
To the SUUGEON GENERAL U. S. Army."
CCLI. Extracts from a Report on the Operations of the Medical Staff of the Fourth Army
Corps in the Campaign in Georgia^ in 1864. By Surgeon J. THEODORE HEARD, U. S.
Volunteers.
"The Fourth Corps participated in all the movements, skirmishes, and battles in which the army of the
Cumberland was engaged. It moved from Cleveland, Tennessee, on May 3, 1864, and, on the next day, encountered the
cavalry pickets of the rebel army near Catoosa Springs, and formed connection with the other corps of the army of the
Ci.mberland at that point. From that time until the 7th of September, it was engaged in a series of skirmishes and battles,
the most prominent of which were at Tunnel Hill, Buzzard Roost, Resaca, Calhoun, Adairsville, Kingston, Dallas, Kenesaw,
and Atlanta. : The system of brigade hospitals was abolished at the outset of the campaign, and that of division hospitals
established, as directed by Circular No. 4, Surgeon General's Office, March 23, 1863. This system, with a few modifications,
was also ordered as a permanent organization, and, at the present time, is in full and successful operation. The frequent
changes in the position of the troops necessitated almost a daily change in the location of these hospitals. They were,
however, always within easy distance of the command, and were conducted by the chief surgeons of divisions, and by the
surgeons-iii-charge, with energy and ability. Operations were primary, and every possible attention and care was given to the
patients. Medical and commissary supplies were abundant except during the three weeks the army was in front of Dallas, or
New Hope Church, and far distant from the depot of supplies ; however, although at that time they were not abundant, yet they
REPORTS OF SURGEONS JONES AND BATWELL. 303
proved sufficient, and at no time have patients suffered from the want of such supplies. All wounded and seriously ill men
wore sent to the rear as rapidly as transportation could be procured. This was rendered absolutely necessary by the constant
forward movements of the army. There were sixty-four hospital tents complete, and sixty extra flies in use at the three
division hospitals of the corps. This amount of canvas proved sufficiently ample to cover all the wounded and seriously sick
which it was necessary to provide for at any one time. In fact, the six transport wagons allowed to a division for hospital
purposes, will not permit a larger supply of tents to be carried. The following figures taken from weekly reports, show the
number of cases treated in this command from May 3d to September 10th. There were taken sick, thirteen thousand three
hundred and eighty; wounded, five thousand five hundred and sixty-two; returned to duty, ten thousand six hundred and
eighty-nine; sent to general hospital, eight thousand three hundred and twenty-seven; and there were three hundred and
ninety-seven deaths. Of the number sent to general hospital, many have already returned to their commands. * * The
frequent movements of the army, the constant skirmishing and fighting, the bad roads, and, especially, the inclemency of the
season at the early part of the campaign, were obstacles which called into play all the energies of the medical officers of the
corps, and of the officers of the ambulance corps. Too much praise cannot be given these officers for their untiring zeal and
hearty cooperation. The ambulance corps was not organized until after the campaign had commenced, consequently many and
serious obstacles had to be overcome. But, notwithstanding the many unavoidable drawbacks, the corps proved efficient and
at the present time promises still greater efficiency. Early in June, forty-nine new ambulances were drawn by order of the
medical director of the department, which filled a deficiency that had existed at the commencement of the campaign." * * *
CCLII. Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Four
teenth Corps, from Big Shanty to Atlanta, Georgia, in 18G4r. By Surgeon C. W. JONES,
U. S. Volunteers.
"On June 11, 1864, I reported for duty to the general commanding the Fourteenth Corps, near Big Shanty,
Georgia, and at once entered upon the duties of my position, relieving Surgeon O. Q. Herrick, 34th Illinois Volunteers, as
medical director. In the latter part of June, the order discontinuing brigade hospitals, and consolidating them into
division and corps hospitals, was carried into effect, and worked admirably. The consolidation economized medical aid, and
promoted the welfare and speedy disposition of the sick and wounded. The campaign was a continuous series of battles, owing
to the close proximity of the enemy. Daily skirmishing kept some wounded always in the division hospitals; but the ambulance
system, which worked well, and the close proximity of the general field hospital, enabled me to dispose of the sick and wounded •
prior to each forward movement of the army. On June 27th, the 2d division assaulted the enemy's works at Kenesaw
Mountain. The wounds received were mostly of the upper extremities, and were almost all caused by conoidal balls.
The next day after the battle, the wounded were all sent to the general field hospital at Big Shanty. On July 19th, a part of the
corps crossed Peach Tree Creek, and engaged the enemy. The loss in the 2d division -amounted to about one hundred and
twenty-five, all of whom were sent to the field hospital at Vining's Station. On July 20th, the 1st division was engaged, and
lost about the same number as the 2d division on the previous day. The wounded were disposed of in the same manner. On
August 7th, the 1st division assaulted the enemy's works, and the loss in killed and wounded was considerable. * * On
September 1st, the battle of Jonesboro' was fought, * I observed many bayonet wounds. * * On September 3d, all the
sick and wounded, with the hospital tents and appliances, were removed to Atlanta, and each division hospital was well located
and provided for. The hospital of the 1st division was invariably in excellent order, and the surgeons of this division were
al \vavs prompt in attendance to their duties."
CCLIII. Extract from a Report on the Surgical Operations performed after the Engagement
at Jonesboro', Georgia. By Surgeon EDWAED BATWELL, 14th Michigan Volunteers.
"Though the various reports furnished the medical department of the army exhibit the number, extent of injury,
and operations requisite for the successful treatment of the wounded received into hospital, yet every medical officer must be
greatly interested in a point beyond this, namely, the final result of these cases. I propose, in the following statistics, to show
the result of the operations performed after the battle of Jonesboro', Georgia, September 1, 1864, and also the length of time the
patients were under treatment; and although they may lack in several respects, yet they possess the very great desideratum
of being correct, as far as close observation can make them : The success attending our operations is due to many causes, but the
principal ones I look on as being, first, feeding and stimulating nature in proportion as her recuperative energies were taxed,
even anticipating the drain which extensive suppuration of necessity makes on the constitution. Before the suppurative process
had set in, our patients had gained in strength and general health. Strong beef tea and milk punch had laid so firm a
foundation for nature to build upon, that she did not find a very difficult task to repair the injuries. And, secondly, the care
of these cases was not entrusted to nurses entirely unskilled in the art of dressing, but was personally performed by intelligent
and accomplished surgeons, whose interest in the cause of suffering and of science induced them day after day to come miles
to assist in dressing the wounded. The moral effect on the patient is nearly as beneficial as the superiority of the dressing, for
they feel satisfied that their case and its termination is in the hands of a man who is capable of exerting a professional judgment,
provided any emergency should arise demanding his interference. Several points of interest present themselves to our observation
in connection with the treatment of the wounded in this hospital. First, the entire absence of hospital gangrene, erysijK'las, or
pyrcmia, and that too in a building where, six days previous to our occupancy, it decimated the Federal prisoners placed there
by the rebel authorities for surgical treatment. But the hourly exhibition of bromine and iodine through every portion of the
building, and the free use of liquor sod;c chlorinat, together with personal cleanliness, plenty of good nutritions diet, stimulation,
and never permitting effete matter to remain one moment in the wards, together with the close attention paid their wounded
304 APPENDED DOCUMENTS CAMPAIGN IN GEORGIA.
comrades by our faithful nurses, all tend to prove that under the most disadvantageous circumstances these fatal diseases may
be stripped of their horrors, provided the proper steps are faithfully followed to counteract the predisposing cause. One of the
cases under the head of penetrating wounds of the abdomen, deserves some particular mention, as not alone was the peritoneal
artery opened, but also the pleura. The liver being torn by the bullet in its transit, as shown from the large quantity of bile
beino- discharged from the external wound, and the pleural sac penetrated, as evidenced by the regurgitation of air through the
openin"-. The peritoneum and pleura became implicated by inflammatory action, and adhesion took place in both serous
membranes around the track of the ball. At the present date, the patient is rapidly recovering, the wound healing kindly, and
presenting every indication of a favorable termination ; the period of his recovery, thirty-three days from receipt of injury.
The sort of operations performed is Avorthy of comment, and has been very closely watched, to try and give a preference to
either circular or flap operations, based on observations as to their relative merits as far as healing was concerned; but no
difference was discernable, except in lateral flaps, where the protrusion of the bone through the incision prevented the rapid
union that took place in the antero-posterior ones. The only cases in which the healing process seemed retarded, were those in
which the operation urged by Malgaigne was perfoi'med — oval flaps, with circular division of muscular tissue. The chief points
in which they seemed to be deficient, was the small anterior flap being unable to support the weight of the posterior larger one.
This again granulated very freely, and thereby prevented approximation of the edges, and a large granulating surface was the
result, instead of the nicely adjusted linear mark observable in either the flap or circular operations. From the observations
made on the subject, I would urge that no modifications are worthy of being noticed by surgeons, and that the circular or flap
operations amply fulfil all the requirements necessary. I cannot close these notes without returning my thanks to the surgeons
of the 2d brigade for the valuable assistance furnished me, and also to Assistant Surgeons Githius, Trush, Rouse, and Simmonds
for the indefatigable zeal, energy, and ability with which they have so ably seconded and carried out all the suggestions made
to them. To Surgeons Williams and Wilson, who daily came to assist us, all feel grateful ; while to others who so seldom
visited here, we would say that many valuable cases seen here might have beeii productive of useful information if they had
come more frequently."
CCLIY. Extract from a Report of the Casualties in the Fourteenth Corps at the Battle of
Jonesboro\ Georgia, September 1, 1864. By Surgeon W. C. DANIELS, U. S. Volunteers.
* * # "The total number of wounded received into hospital was seven hundred and forty-nine, of whom ninety-eight
died. There were twenty-four amputations of the thigh, and five deaths ; twenty-one amputations of the leg, and six deaths ;
twenty-three amputations of the arm, with three deaths, and four successful amputations of the fore-arm. Two excisions of the
head of the femur and one of the shaft, all proving fatal ; two of the fibula and five of the head of the humerus, all successful.
Eleven miscellaneous resections were performed with but one fatal result. Two cases of compound fracture of the femur, in
which the patients refused to submit to an operation, terminated fatally, and also one case of ligation of the femoral artery for
secondary haemorrhage. Chloroform was administered in three hundred and twenty-four cases, without an unfavorable symptom
resulting from its use. The whole number of operations performed was ninety-three, of which eighteen resulted fatally.
Partial amputations of the hands and feet are not enumerated. No hospital gangrene, pyaemia or erysipelas has been observed
in any of the above noted cases."
CCLV. Extract from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the
Twentieth Corps, in the Campaign ending ivith the fall of Atlanta. By Surgeon JOHN
W. FOYE, U. S. Volunteers.
* " This command, formed by the consolidation of the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps, numbered twenty thousand
five hundred and thirty-one men under the command of Major General Joseph Hooker, and left Lookout Valley, May 5th, 1864.
The troops, many of them veterans, were in fine condition, if we except a portion of one division that had but recently returned
from a severe campaign in the eastern part of Tennessee, during which they were deprived of the vegetables issued to their
comrades along the line of railroad communication. On the morning of May 8th, the left of the command became engaged with
the enemy at Mill Creek Gap, on Taylor's Ridge, one of the series of ridges known collectively as Buzzard Roost, and after a
brisk fight of about five hours, in which advantages were gained and lost, darkness closed the struggle and gave us an oppor
tunity to care for and remove the wounded. The supplies of stimulants and surgical appliances were abundant; but they did
not reach the field until several hours after we became engaged, in consequence of the roads being occupied by the troops. Our
panniers furnished the requisite dressings until the arrival of the wagons. A field hospital was established half a mile from the
foot of the ridge and one mile from the enemy. Water was abundant, and our supplies of fresh beef and hospital stores were
ample. Our wounded were removed from the summit of the ridge to the base on blankets and shelter tents, and were thence
conveyed in ambulances to the field hospital. The fire was principally from musketry at short range. Chloroform was the
anaesthetic used and no bad results have been observed during the campaign. We lost forty-nine killed, and one hundred and
eighty-four wounded men were treated in the field hospital, of whom seven died during the night. Eleven amputations and
seven excisions were performed during the night subsequent to the fight. At eleven o'clock on May 9th, the wounded were
placed in ambulances and sent under the charge of three medical officers and a proper number of attendants to Ringgold, a
distance of twenty-five miles. One death occurred on the route. On May 12, the command moved to the right, and, passing
through Snake Creek Gap, came upon the enemy near Resaca, and after a series of mamcuvres, became engaged shortly after
noon on May 15th. The troops numbered about sixteen thousand and were in good condition. The supplies were abundant and
of good quality. The field hospital was located about a mile and a half in the rear, near a good supply of water. The wounded
were conveyed from the field depots to the field hospital in ambulances, and their removal was completed about two o'clock on
REPORT OF SURGEON JOHN W. FOYE.
305
the morning after the battle. The fire was from artillery and musketry, the latter being at short range and very severe in the assault
upon the enemy's works, which were captured. The wounded were transferred from the field hospitals to the general field hospital
of the department of the Cumberland, located at Resaca. The transfer was completed on May 22d. Eleven hundred and seventy-
two wounded were treated at the three division hospitals, and between seventy-five and eighty died within five days after the
battle. I regret my inability to furnish exact data of this as well as of several subsequent engagements, as my predecessor foiled
to retain copies of his classified returns, and I am compelled to omit those furnished by the 3d division as unreliable. Thirty-five
amputations and eleven resections were performed at the 2d division hospital ; but of the operations performed at the other
hospitals I can find no record. The command left Resaca on May 16th, in pursuit of the enemy, and after a series of skirmishes,
again met him in force at Dallas and became engaged from May 25th to 29th, inclusive. The troops were much exhausted by
long and heavy forced marches. Our supplies of stimulants, surgical appliances and shelter were ample. The field hospitals
were located one and a half miles from the front; but our lines advanced two miles on the evening of May 25th, and the hospitals
were moved on the following morning to accommodate the change in position of the troops. In the 2d division hospital, thirtv-
nino amputations and nineteen excisions are reported. The 1st and 3d divisions have furnished no report of their operations.
The slightly wounded were placed in army wagons and sent to Kingston, Georgia, and the more serious cases were sent to the
same point in ambulances under the care of Surgeon J. V. Kendall, 14'Jth New York Volunteers. Two days' rations were sent
with the train and the wounded were fed thrice daily while in transit, by men who were detailed for that purpose to accompany
them. Twelve hundred and sixty-four wounded were treated in the three division hospitals. For sixteen days following the
battle of Dallas, the men were exposed to a very annoying fire from the enemy, who was entrenched in front of Pine Knob, and on
June IGth, an advance was made with a view to dislodge him. This action is known as the battle of Pine Hill. The troops were
worn out and exhausted by continued marching and building of breastworks, and the roads were heavy from an almost incessant
rain for ten days. The action commenced at two o'clock P. M., and continued until dark. It was difficult to obtain our supplies
of stimulants and stores on account of the state of the road; but no actual suffering was experienced. The field hospital was
established about two miles from the line of attack. Water and food were abundant. There was more suffering from the con
stant rain and previous exhaustion than from other causes. The wounded were removed from the field depots on litters and
thence in ambulances to the hospitals. The fire \vas continuous from musketry and artillery, and at very short range. Six
hundred and forty-three wounded were admitted to hospital, and thence sent to Ackworth in ambulances, and from thence in box
cars to Chattanooga. Each detachment was accompanied by a medical officer and a sufficient number of attendants. From
June 17th to July 1st, a series of skirmishes occurred along the edge of Nancy's or Moses's Creek, on which our command was
in position. These skirmishes were a part of the general operations for the possession of Kenesaw Mountain. The field hospital
was moved seven times to accommodate itself to the ranging positions of the command. Twice it was driven from position by
the shells of the enemy. Five hundred and four patients with gunshot wounds received on the skirmish line Avere admitted into
hospital. The wounded were transported in ambulances to Ackworth. On July 5th the command left Kenesaw Mountain and
followed the enemy to Chattahoochee, skirmishing the entire distance; but with few casualties, seventy-one being the number
admitted to hospital for a period of nineteen days. On July 20th, about three o'clock P. M., the battle of Peach Tree Creek was
fought. It consisted of a series of assaults on the part of the enemy, each of which was repulsed with great loss to them, and
they finally retired. Our field hospitals were situated about one mile from the battle-field, and with one exception, were in
working order by the time the wounded began to arrive. In the exceptional case the hospital of the 3d division, Surgeon William
Grinsted, U. S. V., surgeon-in-chief, the want of system was painfully apparent, and, but for the kindness of a medical
gentleman of a division of the Fourth Corps through aid courteously tendered, much suffering would have ensued. We received
into the three division hospitals during and subsequent to the battle, one thousand and fifty-one Union wounded, and one hundred
and six Confederate wounded. One hundred and sixty-nine amputations and forty-two excisions were performed during the
night and day following the battle. The wounded were sent to Marietta and thence transferred to the field hospital of the
department of the Cumberland. On the morning of July 21st, the command moved forward and took a position about two miles
from the centre of the city of Atlanta. Fortifications were erected and the siege of the city lasted forty-two days, terminating
on September 2d in the occupation of the city by our forces. During this period our proximity wTas such as to render hazardous
the slightest exposure of the person. Three hundred and sixty-six wounded men were received into hospital during the siege, of
whom forty-three died. Forty-five amputations were performed, with fatal results in two cases. No wounded or sick were sent
to the rear, and although our commissariat has been a meagre one on account of our distance from a base of supplies, yet the
patients have done well, and a large number are now on duty, who, under other circumstances, would be carried on the rolls of
some hospital. The following consolidated summary of the three divisions, from July 22d to September 30th, inclusive, will, I
think, demonstrate the advantage of retaining the sick and wounded with the command when the operations of the troops
permit it:
ADMITTED.
REMAINING.
Sick.
Wounded.
Total.
3415
Returned to dut v. T'-mstcrred to other
J hospitals.
j |
Discharged Died. Furloughed.l Deserted.
1 j 1
Sick.
Wounded.
2935
480
1010 1419
4 173 1 2 755
51
The patients transferred to other hospitals were Confederates and soldiers of other corps who were admitted to our
hospitals after the main army had moved to the right, and after our occupation of the city. Of the one hundred and seventy-three
deaths reported, moiv than sixty were mortal wounds. The following casualties among the medical oflicers of this command
have occurred since the commencement of the campaign: Assistant Surgeon Taylor Elmore. 13?th New York Volunteers, died
89
306 APPENDED DOCUMENTS CAMPAIGN JN GEORGIA.
Mav 27th, 1864 ; Surgeon H. S. Potter, 105th Illinois Volunteers, was killed on June 2d, 1864, and Surgeon W. II. Heath,
2d Massachusetts Volunteers, died on August 28th, 1864. I regret my inability to furnish consolidated repoi-ts of wounds and
operations from the commencement of the campaign ; but the data furnished me is so wanting in detail as to render it valueless
for statistical purposes."
CCLVI. Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the First
Division of the Twentieth Corps in the Campaign ending with the Fall of Atlanta.
By Surgeon II. Z. GILL, U. S. Volunteers.
* * * "The division wras organized into three brigades of infantry, with two batteries. * * The effective force
of the division was six thousand seven hundred and seventy-one officers and men, afterward joined by the 61st Ohio Volunteers
returning from veteran furlough. The first engagement with the enemy took place near Resaca, May 14th, and closed on the
15th. The troops were in fine condition. * * In the afternoon of the 15th, the enemy attacked our lines, and was repulsed,
after three several charges, with great loss. The engagement lasted until seven in the evening. The artillery did effective
service on the assaulting columns of the enemy. In this engagement the loss of the division was four hundred and seventeen.
The supplies were sufficient, and the supply of water abundant and pure. The field hospital was located about two
miles in the rear of the field. Our wounded were removed from the field by stretchers and ambulances. * They were
removed to the railroad depot, and from thence to Chattanooga, thirty-five miles distant. * * The next engagement occurred
on May 25th, near Dallas. ; We attacked the enemy, and drove him back to his breastworks. Our men suffered severely
from grape and cannister at short range. The men were in good condition, though they had marched eight miles previous to
the battle. The hospital was established half a mile in the rear. * * The wounded were sent to the rear on May 27th, to
Kingston, thirty miles distant, in ambulances. ' The third engagement occurred on June 22d. The enemy made the attack,
but was repulsed with great loss. * * The skirmishing was continued till we reached a mile and a half northeast of the
Chattahoochee. ' The enemy was repulsed with terrible slaughter, especially by the artillery fire at short range, and the
number of killed in proportion to the wounded was greater than at any previous engagement. The hospital was two miles in
the rear of the field of battle. ' The wounded were removed from the hospital on the third and fourth days after the battle.
On July 23d, the division advanced to within two miles of Atlanta and commenced the siege which resulted in its capture.
During the siege the troops suffered considerably from scorbutus on account of the limited quantity of vegetable diet furnished
them. The climate of the region through which we passed was generally healthy, and our men suffered comparatively little
from diseases except such as were of a dietetic character. The command was reduced during the campaign from casualties,
disease, and muster out, to four thousand five hundred and thirty-five officers and men. The medical supplies were in abundance,
and stimulants, surgical appliances, and tents were sufficient for the demand. The operations, especially the more important
amputations, were generally performed within thirty hours after the injury. There was generally an abundance of spring water.
In the removal of the wounded from the field hospitals, preparations, after reaching the railroad, were all that could be expected.
Medical attendants always accompanied them, and as the line of march was usually near the railroad, the distance for their
removal by ambulances was not very great."
CCLVII. Extracts from a Report on the Operations of the Medical Department of 'the Second
Division of the Twentieth Corps in the Campaign ending with the Fall of Atlanta. By
Surgeon H. E. GOODMAN, U. S. Volunteers.
"This division, under command of General Geary, with Surgeon Alfred Ball, 5th Ohio Volunteers, as chief
medical officer, left Chattanooga Valley on May 3d, and numbered seven thousand and forty-three officers and men. The
command was in excellent condition, well equipped, and with no prevalent disease except scurvy. The sick, two hundred and
fifty in number, most of them suffering from scorbutus, were left at Chattanooga. Vegetables were issued freely during three
weeks before starting, but none during the winter. We engaged the enemy at Mill Creek Gap on May 8th. The command
was exhausted by long marches by day and night over roads made heavy by the rain. Stimulants and surgical appliances
were abundant, but did not reach us till two hours after the action opened. Dressings in the meantime were obtained in ample
quantity from the hospital panniers. The field hospital was established one mile in the rear, where we had full supplies of water
and food. One hundred and eighty-four wounded were received into the hospital. Eleven amputations and seven resections
were performed. On the following day the wounded were removed in ambulances to Ringgold, under the charge of Assistant
Surgeons Applegate, Darling, and Strickland. The ground occupied by our troops during the action being very rough and
broken, many men were disabled by contusions and sprains. On May 15th, we engaged the enemy at Resaca, the division
being about five thousand six hundred strong. The weather was fine, and the supplies of hospital stores, surgical appliances,
and food were abundant. The field hospital was established about a mile and a half from the battle-field, and the tents were
up before the wounded began to come in. We received two hundred and thirty-six Union and forty-six rebel wounded, of
whom fourteen Union and six rebels died in the hospital. Twenty-five amputations and fifteen resections were practiced on
Union soldiers, and ten amputations and one resection on Confederates. The wounded Avere brought on stretchers from the
field to the depots, and from thence in ambulances to the field hospitals. Chloroform was used in all cases requiring it, Avith no
bad results. The wounded remained in the division field hospital until May 21st, when they were transferred to the general
field hospital at Resaca, under the charge of Surgeon J. W. Foye, U. S. V. On May 16th, the command followed the enemy,
and marched to Cassville, where fifteen days' rations were supplied, and all the sick were sent to the rear, By a flank movement
through Burnt Hickory Pass, we came upon the enemy at Pumpkin Vine Creek, and fought the battle of New Hope Church or
Dallas on May 25th, 26th, 27th, 28th, and 29th. The troops were much exhausted by long and heavy marches, and the command
numbered about five thousand men. The field hospital was established about half a mile from the line of battle; but late at
REPORT OF SURGEON II. E. GOODMAN. 307
night the line was advanced two miles, and the hospital was moved forward. Tents were erected, and the wounded were all
sheltered the first night. Food, dressings, and stimulants were abundant, and the supply of water was ample. Thirty-nine
amputations and nineteen resections were performed at the field hospital. On the first day the fire was continuous from musketry
and artillery, and from fifty to five hundred yards range, lasting nine hours. On the other six days the firing was principally
from musketry, continuous and desultory, and artillery fire with grape and canister at intervals. All the slightly wounded were
sent to Kingston in army wagons, and the severe cases were removed in ambulances, under the charge of Surgeon Kendall,
14'Jth New York Volunteers. Two days' rations were cooked for them before starting, and the patients were fed three times a
day while in transit. There being no preparations made at Kingston for their reception, Assistant Surgeon L. Applegate, 102d New
York Volunteers, and Assistant Surgeon Burbeck, 60th New York Volunteers, remained there in charge of them. The division
commander's oiBcial report gives the number of officers killed as three, and enlisted men forty-nine, while seventeen officers and
four hundred and twenty-two men were wounded. Many of the wounds were very severe. Twelve cases of penetrating gunshot
wounds of the abdomen, with eleven deaths, are recorded. Chloroform was used in all operations, but with no bad results. On
June 15th, the battle of Pine Hill was fought. The troops were worn out and exhausted by continuous marching, building
breastworks, and the prevalence of heavy rains for ten days, and they had been exposed to a continuous fire since May '25th.
The force engaged was about five thousand men of this division. The field hospital was established about two miles from the
line of attack. Watej and food were abundant, and the wounded were all sheltered in tents ; but the supplies of stimulants
and surgical appliances were scanty on account of the bad state of the roads. The fire of the enemy was continuous from
musketry and artillery, at a range of from twenty-five to one hundred yards. The wounded wei-e removed from the field on
blankets and stretchers, and were sent in ambulances to Ackworth, and from thence to Chattanooga in box cars. The wounds
were mainly severe, and much suffering resulted in transportation. The official report of the division commander gives the
number of killed and wounded as follows : One officer and eighty-one men killed, and twenty-five officers and four hundred and
seven men wounded ; a total loss of five hundred and fourteen in this division. From June 17th to June 31st, the actions of Culp's
Farm, Nancy's Creek, and Moses Creek were fought; the battle is known as Kenesaw Mountain. The men were still very
much exhausted, and the division numbered about four thousand one hundred men. The field hospital was moved six or seven
times to accommodate the changes in position, and was always within one mile of the line of battle. The supplies of water,
food, tents, stimulants, and surgical appliances were abundant. Twelve amputations and six resections are reported; but some
reports are missing. The wounded were sent in ambulances to Ackworth, and placed in the department hospital. Medical
officers and attendants accompanied the wounded, and they were well supplied with food while in transit. Chloroform was
used as an anaesthetic in all cases, and no bad results ensued. Two officers and twenty-six men were killed, and eleven officers
and two hundred and twenty-nine men were wounded, as reported by the division commander. On July 1st, the division left
Kenesaw Mountain, and followed the enemy to the Chattahooehee River, skirmishing all the way. At this date I relieved
Surgeon Fifield of charge of the division. On July 20th, we became engaged at Peach Tree Creek. The division then numbered
about four thousand, and the men were in fair condition. Our supplies of all kinds were abundant. There were a large number
of sick on hand, and the field hospital was established about two and a half miles in the rear. One section of the division
hospital was located about half a mile from the front, and the greater part of the severely injured were here received. Six
operating tables were in constant use, and thirty-one amputations and six resections were performed. The fire was exceedingly
severe from both musketry and artillery. The casualties in this division were eighty-two killed and two hundred and twenty-nine
wounded. The wounded were removed a distance of three miles to Vining's Station, and were well cared for. After the battle
of Peach Tree Creek, the command moved upon Atlanta, where they entrenched about a mile and a half from the city. The
siege or battle of Atlanta began on July 22(1 and ended on August 25th. As there was no regular battle, I will give a resume
of the operations to the ending of the campaign on September 3, 1864. The strength of the division was about thirty-five
hundred men. They were completely worn out from long marching, continual skirmishing, and building breastworks. They
were, however, well fed and sheltered, and the supply of water was good. The field hospital was located three-fourths of a
mile from the line of attack, in a sheltered ravine. The firing was continued for over a month, but the men were well protected
by breastworks, and the casualties were few. The wounded were removed from time to time to Vining's Station, and placed in
charge of Assistant Surgeon Woodworth, U. S. V., by order of the medical director of the Twentieth Corps. Chloroform was used
in all cases with no bad results. The division commander's official report for the campaign, beginning on May 3d and ending
September 3d, 1864, is as follows : Sixteen officers and three hundred and fifteen enlisted men killed, and ninety-seven officers and
one thousand eight hundred and twenty-six men wounded; making a total, in killed and wounded, of two thousand two hundred
and fifty-four. No account of the sick has been taken in the report, as there is no record of them except during the months
of .July and August. At least one thousand men were sent to the rear sick during the campaign, making a total loss to the
division of three thousand two hundred and fifty-four men, or fifty per cent, of th" entire effective force. Scurvy has been the
great cause of sickness, and from my observation, at least two-thirds of the sick sent to the rear suffered from scorbutic affections.
One hundred and fifty marked cases were admitted to division hospital during the months of July and August. The number
on sick report on September 1, 1864, was three hundred and eighty-seven."
OCLYIII. Extracts from a Report of the, Operations of the Medical department of the Third
Division of the Twentieth Corps in the Campaign ending with the Fall of Atlanta.
By Surgeon W. GRINSTED, U. S. Volunteers.
"On May 2, 1864, we left Lookout Valley, Tennessee, under the command of Major General Daniel Butterfield.
The force was in good health, as the sick had previously been placed in hospital at Chattanooga. In some regiments there was
a tendency to scurvy, and a few cases of ulceration arising from vaccine virus. These were exceedingly untractable, but gave
ri.se to no severe constitutional derangements. The weather was fine, the marches light, the roads good, and the stores sufficient.
On May 8th, we first encountered the enemy at Buzzard Roost, and in two days' operations we had some ten men wounded. By
308 APPENDED DOCUMENTS — CAMPAIGN IN GEORGIA.
a series of liylit marches we arrived at Snake Creek Gap, where we joined the Sixteenth Corps, and on the afternoon of May 14th,
we had severe skirmishing with the enemy, in which we had thirty-five men wounded. These were left at Barrett's farm, and
the division advanced to Eesaca. Here the command suffered severely, losing fifty-five inert killed and five hundred and eighty
wounded. Two sections of hospitals were on the move at the commencement of the action, and a place was selected with good
water; the tents were pitched, and all appliances made ready as soon as possible. The wounded were admitted and attended to
rapidlv, and the whole number dressed, operated on, and made comfortable by ten o'clock the next morning. I am indebted to
the surgeons of the 2d division, Twentieth Corps, and of the Sixteenth Corps, for timely and valuable assistance, by which many
more wounded were dressed and operated on than could have been by our own medical staff, who worked faithfully the whole
night, without intermission. Many of the wounded were still left, who received the requisite attention that morning. The fire
was close, from four pieces of artillery, and that from musketry, both at long and short range, through black jacks and pine
saplings, and in an open field. There was no marked distinction in the character of the wounds, except that proportionally
more were slightly wounded both in the superior and inferior extremities than in any subsequent action. There was here no
lack of supplies, and the men were well fed and sheltered. The wounded, with those left at Barrett's farm, remained nearly a
Aveek, and were then sent in ambulances to the field hospital at Resaca, in charge of Assistant Surgeon M. C. Woodworth,
U. S. V. The hospital was left in charge of Surgeon J. G. McPheeters, 33d Indiana Volunteers. Owing to Assistant Surgeon
Stanway, who was regularly detailed as recorder, not reporting with the rest of the medical staff at the time of action, the official
records are neither so full or correct as I could wish them. Of the capital operations, which were performed by a skilful and
careful corps, amputations were both circular and flap, at the option of the operator. In injuries about the head of the humerus,
excisions were preferred to amputations at the shoulder. Wounds penetrating the thorax and abdomen were fatal, with some
few exceptions. In every case of wounds inducing hernia cerebri, death ensued. On May 17th, we left for Cassville, and on
May 19th, late in the evening, the troops having been in line of battle and marching, with frequent halts, they fought the battle
of Cassville, capturing the town. Ten men were wounded, and they were placed in a comfortable house and immediately
attended to, and then sent to the rear in ambulances. The weather was fine, with occasional showers ; the roads were in good
condition, and the troops were in good health and spirits. No local cause of disease existed beyond the consequent fatigue of a
campaign. There were few cases of sickness requiring continuous treatment. Two days' rest after the affair at Cassville, with
facilities for washing and bathing, of which the men availed themselves, contributed greatly to their endurance of the subsequent
fatigues. On May 23d, AVC crossed the EtoAvah River, and on the 25th AVC suddenly met the enemy at NCAV Hope Church, before
Dallas. When I found that a battle Avas impending, I turned the regimental panniors, steAvards, etc., to the right and rear, and
established a hospital at the house of one HaAvkins, a mile and a half from the front, on a good smooth road. I Avas ordered
still further to the rear, across Pumpkin Vine Creek; but the roads being full of advancing troops, I Avas unable to obey. The
hospital train Avas cut off, but by strenuous exertions It arrived at six o'clock A. M. on the 26th. We had the usual operating
corps, and a sufficiency of appliances except blankets and tents. The men Avere under shelter, and those of our OAVII division,
as well as over one hundred wounded of the first division, Avho, at the request of Surgeon Cox, U. S. V., Avere attended, operated
on, and made comfortable that night. The Avounds Avere not of a peculiarly grave nature. On May 26th, the line of battle Avas
advanced, and the hospital tents were pitched a mile and a half in the rear. The location Avas good, Avell protected, wood and
water in abundance, and on- a good road. The army medical supply train here came up, and our supplies, though not yet
exhausted, Avere replenished. The sick and Avounded Avere sent on May 29th to Kingston, the graA^er cases in ambulances, and
the slighter cases in army AAragons — the only time, I am happy to say, that we had to use such transportation during this campaign.
From our advent until the advance from this position on May 31st, there Avas continuous firing," with occasional sharp attacks
both by day and night, resulting ahvays in the repulse of the enemy. Our troops being behind breastAVorks were not exposed,
but the Avounds receiATed were severe. In the whole of this action we had two hundred and fifty-four \vounded. From the
nature of the enemy's campaign (a retreat) little artillery Avas used by them until the affair of Kenesaw Mountain, so that the
Avounds Avere from musketry chiefly. At this time, the effects of fatigue became apparent in the health of the men, and those
of slight constitution began to fail; but with the exception of a feAV cases of scurvy, no serious or formidable diseases attacked
the troops. The usual disorders of the digestiAre organs incident to camp life neither increased nor diminished in a perceptible
degree. I regret to state that on June 2, 1864, Surgeon H. S. Potter, 105th Illinois Volunteers, Avas killed by an unexploded
shell, which struck him in the forehead. He Avas universally regretted, no less for his professional acquirements than his
gentlemanly demeanor. Until June 9th or 10th, this division Avas held in reserve. For two Aveeks it had rained heavily,
and the roads Avere much cut up ; but the rain had no visible effect on the health of the troops. On June 15th, AVB had a
sharp fight at Golgotha, in Avhich Major Griffin of the 19th Michigan Volunteers Avas mortally wounded. One hundred and
eleven wounded Avere received into the hospital that night. By Avorking until nearly daylight, all Avere Avell attended. The
supplies Avere plentiful, and the hospital Avas in good order to receiA'e patients. The wounded Avere scut to AckAVorth
with, as in all cases of transfer, cooked and TOAV rations, and a medical officer in charge of the train. The sick and wounded
from this division have ahvays been supplied Avith a medical officer, nurses, and rations; also stimulants, etc., in being moved
from one place to another, although it has not ahvays been practicable to make coffee on the Avay. On June 19th, AVC crossed
Moses's Creek Avith the hospital, and received some twenty-five wounded, Avhen, from the position of the enemy immediately in
our front, we Avere obliged to leaA'e that location in haste. We Avent a mile to the rear and re-established. This Avas the only
time AVC had to remove the hospital during the campaign. On June 22d, AA-e received some two hundred Avounded, as our division
Avas sharply engaged. Four deaths occurred here. On June 24th, the AA'oundcd Avere removed to AckAVorth, and one section
of the hospital moved Avith the forces to Culp's farm, on the Marietta and Sandtowu road. Here AA-C remained several days.
There Avas some heavy skirmishing and a few Avounded, most of them fatally. The brigade organization of hospitals Avas noAV
abandoned, and the Avhole consolidated into a division hospital. On Sunday, July 3, 1864, we moved fonvard toAvard Marietta,
and had three men Avounded by shell on the inarch, whom AVC tranportecl in ambulances several days, but Avho did Avell
notAvithstanding. The command moving sloAvly, one section of the hospital was always up with it. There Avas skirmishing
for some tAvo Aveeks, Avith but feAV casualties. Scorbutic affections increased, and on July 10th, seventy-five men Avere sent to
REPORTS OF SURGEONS GRTNSTED AND IIEW1T. 309
Marietta general field hospital. The weather continued fine and warm. On July 20th, we met the enemy, and after a sharp
fight of three or four hours, we drove him with severe loss. In this action the 3d division had three hundred and fortv-five men
wounded. There were also one hundred and ten Confederate wounded brought into hospital. But one section of the hospital
was at this time present with the command, the rest was at Buckhead and beyond, with some two hundred and fifty sick. The
wounded were fed and attended to as promptly as possible until the next day, when the remaining sections of the hospital
arrived, and all were placed under shelter. The wounds received during this action were of a severe character, the enemy
charging boldly. The Confederates received were very severely wounded, many having from three to five wounds; a single
wound being exceptional. Six died on the same night they were received, and some thirty more prior to their transportation.
To the surgeons of the Fourth Corps I am indebted for valuable assistance, crowded as was the medical staff, by the influx
of nearly five hundred wounded in a few hours. There were sufficient commissary and hospital supplies to meet all requirements
and the wounded Avere taken in ambulances to Vining's Station. Twenty-one deaths occurred in this hospital. On July 24th,
we moved on the Marietta and Sandtown road to within a mile of our lines north of Atlanta, and lay there one month, duriiK'
which time I was relieved from my duties as surgeon-iii-chief of the 3d division, Twentieth Corps, and ordered to report to
Major Reynolds, as surgeon-in-chief of the Artillery Corps. But as I am cognizant of the operations of the hospital, I continue.
The hospital although in advance, in a seemingly exposed site during the whole siege of Atlanta, escaped shot and shell.
Surgeon Cooper, U. S. A., medical director, gave me explicit instructions that in case shot or shell came into the hospital to
remove instantly. A site was selected in the rear, but was never occupied. The location used was dry, easily drained, with
plenty of good cool water, and accessible from the division. The division 'marched to the right, but the hospital remained,
with the exception of one section under the charge of Surgeon B. L. Hovey, which marched with the division to the right
and returned. During the month we laid here, many men were wounded while in camp, in the head, bowels, and chest, and
fifteen died of their wounds. The number of casualties in this division before Atlanta amounted to fifteen killed and ninety-six
wounded. With the exception of the lack of vegetables, the command and hospital did not suffer. There Avas an increased
number of admissions from sickness incident to the protracted campaign and the season ; but, for the most part, these haA'e since
been returned to duty. On August 25th, the division fell back over the Chattahoochee River. The hospital Avas located near
the railroad bridge. Two men only were wounded in this diA'ision, and IAVO men of the Fourteenth Corps were also wounded
by the explosion of a shell. Both Avere cases for amputation, and they were sent to the field hospital at Atlanta. On September
4th, the hospital Avas moved to an eligible site in Atlanta, Avhere it remains at present. * In all cases of capital operations
and painful examinations of wounds, chloroform generally, and sometimes ether, has been used, and I am gratified to remark
that no ill effect, save nausea and vomiting, has occurred from it. In conclusion, I am proud to acknoAvledge the patient kindness,
skill, and ability exhibited by the medical staff of this division during this arduous campaign." *
CCLIX. Report on the Military Medicine, urgery, and General Conduct of the Medical
Department of the Army of the Ohio from May 1, 1564, to September 8, 1864. By
Surgeon II. S. HEWIT, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director.
" The complete medical and surgical history of a great campaign Avould be the most valuable contribution that could
be made to the literature of military medicine. Under the present system of organization and distribution of labor, duty, and the
average standard of exact scientific culture and professional enthusiasm, approximate efforts are alone practicable. The present
attempt to render a trustworthy record of facts, and some of the results of individual and collective experience, it is hoped may
not prove Avholly A'ulucless. The observations and suggestions which are called forth by the discussion of the great questions
involved, are offered with a sincere desire to do something, however little, to promote the interests of the medical department
of the anny, the honor of the profession, and the advancement of the common objects, science, military efficiency, humanity, and
true ciA'ilization for the status of the medical profession is the best index of the state of true civilization in anv age or nation.
The anny of the Ohio, which participated in the Atlanta campaign, Avas composed of the Twenty-third Army Corps and
a body of cavalry, sometimes called a command and sometimes a corps, under Major General Stoneman, U. S. V. At the com
mencement of the campaign, the 2d and 3d divisions of the Twenty-third Anny Corps, were stationed on the line of the East
Tennessee and Virginia railroad, extending as far as Russellville. The cavalry was at Mount Sterling, Kentucky, receiving a
new outfit of horses and equipments. The infantry commenced its march in the latter part of April, and headquarters moved
from Knoxville on the last day of the month. The rendezvous was made at Red Clay, Georgia, and I joined the command on
May Gth. The two divisions which had been on duty in East Tennessee, it must be remembered, had passed ' through all the
toils and hardships of the siege of Knoxville and the subsequent winter and spring campaigns. The first division, under Brig
adier General Hovey, joined the army at Cleveland on the march to Red Clay. It AVUS composed of ncvwly enlisted recruits,
many of whom were old men and boys, Avlio had been mustered into service without critical inspection. The proportion of
disability in the division has been, as a consequence, always exceedingly large. No specific report of this division has been
made, for the reason that it was very soon merged into the other two divisions. The organization of the medical department of
the army was as folloAVs: Surgeon EdAvard Shippen, U. S. V., medical director of the TAventy-third Coqis; Surgeon George >A-
Collamore, 100th Regiment Ohio Volunteers, surgeon-in-chief 3d division ; Surgeon .1. W. Lawton, U. S. V., surgeon-in-chief
2d division, and Surgeon J. II. Spurier, 123d Indiana Volunteers, surgeon-in-chief 1st division. Before leaving Knoxville I
organized a special operating board, composed of the folloAving officers: Surgeon C. S. Frink, U. S. V., Surgeon C. W. McMillan,
1st Tennessee Volunteers. The ambulance order had, in the meantime, been received, and the system Avhich I adopted
previously Avas so far modified as to conform to it. * Great difficulty was experienced in obtaining a sullicient number
of vehicles fit for use, and mules of good quality. As soon as railroad communication was opened Avith Knoxville in the spring,
I had caused a large quantity of medical and hospital supplies to be accumulated at that point, and from this store the anny
procured its field outfit for the commencement of the campaign. The troops moved from Red Clay to co-operate \\ith the other
310 APPENDED DOCUMENTS CAMPAIGN IN GEOEGIA.
forces of the military division of the Mississippi, on May 7th, and participated in the battle of Dalton and Rocky Face Ridge on
the 9th. The losses were slight in this engagement. The wounded were promptly removed and subsequently conveyed to
buildings near Tuunel Hill Station, from whence they were sent to Chattanooga. It was foufid, however, that no sufficient pro
vision had been made for the reception of any wounded excepting those belonging to the Department of the Cumberland, and,
consequently, I gave directions for the extension of hospital accommodations at Knoxville for the department of the Ohio. The
Department of the Tennessee selected Rome as its hospital centre at a later period. The cavalry, with Surgeon A. M. Wilder,
U. S. V., (who had previously been relieved from the Twenty-third Corps and assigned to it in order that its medical organization
might be placed on a proper basis, and medical officers instructed in their duties,) as medical director, joined on the 10th instant.
Not being, at this time, furnished with ambulances, and the commanding officer refusing to allow them, an order was given by
General Sherman to provide for the wounded of the cavalry, when incapable of transportation, by leaving them at the houses of
the inhabitants, and contracting to pay one dollar per day for their board and care; this amount to be payable in gold by any U.
S. disbursing officer. Addititional stretchers were procured at this time, and an extra supply of chloroform and stimulants. On
the 12th, the troops having been successfully withdrawn from the front of Dalton and Rocky Face, commenced a march by the
right flank, by Snake Creek Gap, toward Resaca, whither the enemy had retreated, and 011 the 13th, advanced through Sugar
Valley and went into position. The battle of Resaca was fought on the 14th and 15th. As soon as the troops were deployed, a
house was selected as the nucleus of a general field hospital. The two divisions occupied contiguous ground, and the operating
staff worked as their services were most needed. * Primary depots were established in convenient positions. The
ambulances were stationed at points easy of access> and the wounded after being temporarily dressed, were promptly conveyed
to the field hospital. Operations were performed with little delay, and by noon of the loth, many capital operations had been
performed, the wounded sheltered, fed, and the hospital in successful operation. A large quantity of hay was found on the ground
and made use of as bedding. A delegation of highly respectable gentlemen from New York and Brooklyn, who arrived on the
field and visited the hospital, had an opportunity of witnessing the method of improvising accommodations for great numbers of
wounded men in the midst of battle. : * I am not aware that any soldier suffered for what his case absolutely required, or
lost his life through carelessness or neglect on the part of surgeons or attendants. The enemy evacuated his position on the
right, between the 15th and 16th. Orders were immediately sent to move the wounded into the station at Resaca for convenience
of supply and transportation to the rear. This was accomplished with much suffering and considerable delay. Temporary
hospitals were established at Resaca, the wounded collected from the different field hospitals, and transferred to Chattanooga as
rapidly as possible. This duty was performed under the supervision of Medical Inspector Coolidge, U. S. A. No action of
moment occurred from this time till the battle of Dallas. The movements were in column for a short distance, and then fre
quently for miles, slowly, in line of battle. There was continued skirmishing but no very severe marching, and 110 heavy fighting.
The country was high and rolling, the water pure, and the weather delightful. The external conditions for successful cam
paigning were all that could be desired, and the troops were in excellent spirits. The disabilities at this time, as the regimental
sick reports will show, were extremely few and of a mild character. On the 20th the army went into camp 'at Cassville Station.
Orders were given to send all sick and disabled men to the rear, and arrangements were made to obtain fresh supplies and an
additional quantity of hospital tents. The entire department was reorganized for a continuance of the campaign in the most
active manner. On the 24th, the Etowah was safely crossed, and, on the 25th, the battle of Dallas commenced. As soon as the
Twenty-third Corps was in position in front of the rebel works, a safe place at a convenient distance was selected and the general
field hospital of the army was established by divisions. Accommodations were extended by building booths of leaves and boughs
upon strong frames, and beds were made of pine boughs. The operating staff had, in the meantime, reported, after discharging
their duty to the wounded at Resaca. The fact that no great, numbers of wounded were thrown suddenly upon the hospital at one
time, ensured for each case prompt and thorough attention. This hospital continued in operation until the 31st, when the sick
and Avounded were sent in wagons, carefully packed with boughs, and ,jn ambulances, to Kingston, a distance of twenty miles,
for transportation by railroad to the rear. This duty was pel-formed under the immediate superintendence of Surgeon R. M.
S. Jackson, U. S. V., and was preparatory to making a movement to the left flank. On the 2d and 3d of June, the hospitals
were moved up to the rear of the new position occupied by the troops of the Twenty-third Corps which had advanced on the
left. The flank movement having turned the right of the enemy, and the cavalry having occupied Alatoona, on the railroad, it
was selected as a sight for a general field hospital. Accordingly the sick and wounded which had accumulated since the 31st of
May were sent thither, and steps taken to render their condition as comfortable as possible. The hospital was placed under
charge of Surgeon C. W. McMillan, and soon afterward Surgeon F. Meacham, who was relieved from charge of 3d division, by
Surgeon Charles F. Frink, U. S. V. The special operating board was now dissolved, and the organization of division hospitals
having become perfected the surgeons of divisions selected their own operators. * The practice of primary operations was
continued. The next great military movement was the advance upon the enemy's position at Kenesaw Mountain, covering
Marietta and the Chattahoochee. The general hospital was retained at Allatoona and improved as far as practicable. The field
hospitals were established in the rear of their respective divisions, and the wounded transferred from there to Allatoona as fast
as they became full. The distance was twelve to fifteen miles and the roads in very bad condition. This method was pursued
until the turning of the left wing of Johnson's army was successfully accomplished, and Marietta uncovered. This town was
immediately made the depot of quartermaster and commissary supplies, and also the hospital center. * * The same method
was observed in regard to the hospital at Marietta, as had been when located at Allatoona. The wounded were transferred as
rapidly as possible from the division to the general hospital, fii-st by wagons, well padded with cotton, when it could be procured,
or with pine boughs, and afterward by rail. This duty was superintended by Surgeon Wilder, and too much praise cannot be
awarded him for his zeal, intelligence, energy, and humanity. * * The crossing of the Chattahoochee followed, made first by the
Twenty-third Corps, under the immediate supervision of Major General Sclmfield, on July 8th, and the battle of the 19th, 20th,
and 22<1 followed, in all which, the Twenty-third Corps was engaged. The wounded were equally promptly cared for, and the
operations were in all cases primary. They were transferred with care and rapidity to the now well furnished and comfortable
hospital at Marietta. On August 1st the Twenty-third Corps began its movement to the right with the view of cutting the East
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR HE WIT. 311
Point railroad or taking the Station of that name. This manoeuvre was followed by the actions of Utoy Creek, on the 3d,
skirmishing during the succeeding days and an assault on the 6th. During these engagements field, receiving, and operating
depots were established near the front, while the main division hospitals were kept some distance in the rear and beyond Utoy
Creek. The assault of the 6th was repulsed and many of the wounded were left on the ground until the succeeding day, when
the extension of our lines to the right, compelled the enemy to leave their position and permitted our stretcher-bearers to gather
the wounded and bring them in. The position gradually extended to the right, was held till the 29th instant. There was no
severe fighting, but constant skirmishing and a few wounded every day, not averaging more than eight or ten. On the 29th, the
last great flank movement commenced. It was preceded by removing the sick and wounded to the general hospital at Marietta,
and sending back such men as would not be able, in all probability, to make the march. They were transferred by wagons and
ambulances to the railroad a distance of eight miles and thence transferred to Marietta. During the movement the Twenty-third
Corps was but slightly engaged, and the loss was very light. On the march I visited a Confederate field hospital, containing the
most severely wounded of the battle of Jonesboro', under charge of Surgeon Abernathy, C. S. A., and offered him any supplies of
medicines or stores he needed. He accepted a small quantity of morphine only. I also obtained permission from General Schofield
to furnish him with sugar and coffee, as far as the condition of our supplies would permit. On the 5th the retrogade movement
commenced, and on the 8th the army of the Ohio encamped at Decatur and enjoyed a wrell-earned and much needed repose.
The foregoing is a brief sketch of the military features of the campaign, together with the points of interest in regard to the
transfer of sick and wounded from front to rear and their care on the field of battle. It was my intention at the commencement
of the campaign to have required histories of all the more important cases, in order to make a contribution to the medical and
surgical history of substantial value. It was found, however, that the necessities of field service, the physical fatigue of officers,
and the rapid transfer of patients to the rear, forbade systematic scientific records, embracing complete histories. On June 9th
I relieved Surgeon Wilder from the cavalry command, and appointed him acting medical inspector of the department, with a
view of securing all the facts possible through his zeal and industry. I am thus enabled to present the results of a very large
number of operations. A ratio of the mortality of the entire campaign, both from disease and wounds, is subjoined." *
A few general observations on the surgical principles and treatment recommended and generally adopted are presented
with reference to the foregoing brief history and accompanying reports. A consolidated tabular statement of Avounds, injuries,
and operations, compiled from the returns made from time to time to the Surgeon General, is appended. I found the surgeons
of the department divided into two classes; one with extravagant ideas of the power of conservative surgery, and greatly
exaggerated opinions of its value, and the other despising conservatism, and disposed to deny its utility altogether. It is not
difficult to understand how such differences should exist when the results of conservatism in civil life are contrasted with the
failures constantly met with in military practice. The men who had read much and seen little were highly conservative, while
those who had read little and seen much were the reverse. I made an effort, by the organization of a medical society before the
army left the vicinity of Knoxville, and using every means to secure full attendance and fair discussion, to apply the remedy by
an interchange of knowledge and experience to false and extreme ideas, and to obtain a safe mean of opinion and practice.
For my own part I inculcated in the strongest manner that amputation was to be employed in almost every penetrating injury
of the knee-joint, and I made consultation obligatory in all doubtful cases. The same rule was applied to gunshot wounds
involving the ankle-joint. Resections of much length of the continuity of the long bones of the femur and humerus were
discountenanced unless in exceptional cases, particularly in which to relieve suffering or to facilitate dressing or transportation,
they were permitted. Excision was encouraged when the head of the humerus was shattered, and partial excision of the tarsus
or carpus advised in cases which admitted hope of saving the hand or foot in a condition of even partial usefulness. It was
enjoined on the surgeons to excise the head of the femur when it was severely fractured without comminution of the shaft. But
no case, to my knowledge, favorable for excision of the hip-joint occurred in the army of the Ohio during the campaign. Two
cases of amputation at the hip- joint have been performed with my sanction and in my presence; one at Knoxville and one on
the field near Kenesa\v. Both were operations of last resort, and both proved fatal before the patient could be removed from
the table. I may remark, iu passing, that I performed the operation of excision at the hip-joint after the battle of Jackson,
Mississippi, in May 18615,* for comminution of the great trochanter and head of the femur. The patient died iu four days, but
the progress of the case and the mildness of the symptoms justify, iu my mind, the opinion that the operation will frequently
save life in a class of injuries from their nature, almost without exception, fatal. I have removed the larger portion of the great
trochauter twice with good results as secondary operations. The principle of removing fragments primarily when detached is
obvious, and has been recommended to the surgeons of the department. Compound comminuted fractures of the thigh were
almost invariably amputated primarily when reaction took place. The operation was commonly well borne, and the tabular
statements will show a larger proportion than usual of recoveries. In hopeless comminution of thigh, ease of position with
reference to drainage, and support of the powers of life, were the only points considered in treatment. I have always insisted
that this class of cases should be transported by hand whenever it became necessary to move them, and have been usually able
to retain them in the field hospitals without removal, excepting for short distances carefully by hand, as long as they lived.
When death does not result from primary shock, the average duration of life is from two to three weeks. It is in view of this
class of cases, and such others in which the only hope is in absolute immobility, that the question of reciprocity of consideration
and courtesy respecting hospitals and all sick and wounded between belligerents assumes its immense importance. There were
in our army fifty-nine cases of compound comminuted fractures of the thigh, six of which were immediately fatal. There were
forty-eight amputations of the thigh, leaving out those which were not interfered with. The proportion of recovery was
fifty-five per cent. One of the cases regarded as hopeless, and treated by resection of the sharp ends of the fragments, made a
fair recovery.
Resection in cases of comminution of the shaft of either the radius or ulna was encouraged when one bone was entire;
but when both bones were comminuted, the practice recommended was to remove loose fragments to smooth sharp points, and
Circular No. 13, 18(i9, S. (!. O., i>i>. 24, 133 ; Circular No. G, 18C5, S. G. O., p. 00'. Case of Sergeant Tolman, 18th Wisconsin Yols. — Kit's.
312 APPENDED DOCUMENTS CAMPAIGN IN GEORGIA.
to hope for consolidation, leaving amputation in reserve. Primaiy amputation of the upper extremity was discouraged in all
but such cases as admitted of no possibility of doubt, due reference being had to prospects for care and the preservation of
immobility. The question of amputation of the arm, or resection of the elbow-joint, was often one of great difficulty. Primary
complete resection of the joint offers, in my judgment, the greatest prospect of success. Intermediary and secondary amputations,
after osteomyelitis is kindled or fully established, are very dangerous to life, and every moment of delay in the amputations
necessitates a greater sacrifice of tissue. With a full and careful examination and estimate of contingencies, every case must
be decided upon its merits, and it is impossible as yet to promulgate a general law. It must, however, be said that the chances
for life, preservation of constitution, and prevention of suffering, preponderate in favor of primary amputation when the elbow-
joint is splintered. In this, as in all traumatic amputations, the section should be through periosteum and bone which are free
from injury, and have not taken on inflammation, and as low as possible.
Excisions of the elbow-joint require a great degree of attention, local and general, to insure success, which can seldom be
furnished in extemporized military hospitals. In a permanent field hospital, well organized and supplied with pure water and
air, I would not hesitate to make a complete excision of the elbow in favorable cases. The law of complete excision for this
joint is very generally disregarded in army practice, and the results of the operations are hitherto far from encouraging. I do
not think there is any objection to a partial excision when the part injured is small ; for instance, the head of the radius or a
small portion of a condyle. I believe the injured portion may be removed with propriety, and the case treated on general
principles. I would always recommend partial resection when the case has passed into the pathological condition. Such cases,
however, are usually attended by an amount of local and general disturbance which renders amputation the only resource.
Complete primary excisions of the head of the humerus is one of the most easily performed and successful operations in
army practice. I deprecate the very long sections of the shaft of the bone which are sometimes made. I have never seen a
useful arm when more than five and a half inches were removed with the head. Partial excision of the head of the humerus
is a safe and successful operation. It is especially valuable as a secondary measure for the removal of caries, or small fragments
that have been undiscovered. Scapular motion makes great compensation for anchylosis, and it is frequently better to accept this
result rather than incur the risk to life by the more brilliant procedure of complete excision.
The utmost conservatism has been recommended and enjoined in regard to the hand, and has, as a rule, been practiced
with success. I remark, in passing, that a faulty position is very frequently observed in hospital, and among discharged and
furloughed soldiers, when the forearm and hand are in a process of cure from fractures, gunshot injuries, and operations. The
hand is almost invariably in a prone position. Assistant Surgeon J. V. Johnson, U. S. V., adopted Smith's anterior splint to
meet this difficulty, and introduced it into practice at Chattanooga last winter, with my cordial approval, at the time I was
medical director of the hospitals at that place. The splint is bent to the proper angle for the elbow, padded, and applied to the
inside of the arm. It affords easy and efficient support, and fully meets the indications of a splint. It effectually counteracts
the tendency to pronation, and supports the forearm comfortably in the position midway between pronation and supination. I
beg leave most respectfully to recommend that wire gauze and perforated sheet zinc, with shears of the requisite size and temper,
be supplied as a part of the regular and necessary outfit for hospital and field service.
Expectant treatment was practiced in all cases of penetrating wounds of the head. No cases occurred in which the use
of the trephine promised any advantage. In a penetrating wound of the skull by a conoidal musket ball, the amount of injury
inflicted is usually fatal in its nature. The prospects of recovery are seldom increased by the performance of a severe operation.
The practice I recommend is to remove spiculae of bone, and any foreign substance or clot that may be within reach, but not to
probe the wounds or to make too frequent examination. Cold to the head, sedatives, and, in some cases, stimulants, rest, and
expectancy are the rules I have directed to be observed. The same law of expectancy is applied to wounds of the intestines.
It is next to an impossibility, when a soldier is wounded in the abdomen, with lesion of the intestines, that their contents should
not escape into the peritonseal cavity. The necessity of lifting and handling, and the agitation of transportation to a considerable
distance render this result next to a certainty. Some cases might be saved, perhaps, if they could be examined at the moment
of reception of the wound, and the edges pared and closed with silver wire. But the opportunity for enteroraphy has generally
passed when the patient reaches the hospital. I think it admits of question whether greater effort should not be made to seek
out the wound, close it by silver wire, and endeavor to obtain primary union, while peritonitis and constitutional disturbance are
treated on general principles.
Wounds of the chest, neck, and face have been proportionally more frequent than those of the lower part of the person
from the fact that breastworks were immediately thrown up when the troops came into position. Gunshot wounds of the chest
have been treated by closing the wounds with ordinary dressing, and on general principles. The insertion of the salts of morphia
into wounds of the chest attended by pain and dyspnoea, has been of the utmost advantage. I made the insertion of morphia
into all painfid wounds a standing order in the medical department, and this practice has acted so admirably as to enlist every
surgeon in favor of it. Its good effects are especially remarkable in painful wounds of the joints, abdomen, and chest. From
one to three grains should be inserted on the point of the finger. I desire especially to call the attention of the profession to this
practice, which is simply a generalization of the well recognized application of morphine hypodermically.
The circular method has been the one almost universally adopted in amputations. One amputation through the knee has
been performed with tolerably satisfactory result, in which the cartilages were not removed. In the majority of amputations at
the lower third, the operation was performed just above the condyles, without opening the medullary canal. When practicable,
I give my decided preference for amputation through the knee-joint. A series of cases have been reported to me in another
department in which the cartilage was left, the flaps being brought smoothly over the ends of the polished condyles. These
cases are reported as having done exceedingly well. The case in my own department, just referred to, was doing well when last
heard from, with the exception that abscesses had formed on the stump, undoubtedly depending on the ulceration of cartilage.
I would advise the removal of the condyles in all cases in which the surroundings were favorable. In operations which become
necessary under circumstances indicating danger from erysipelas or gangrene, I would allow the cartilage to remain with the
view of presenting the least possible surface capable of infection. I have studiously discontinued the use of sutures and adhesive
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR HEWIT. 313
straps in flaps of amputation, and recommended the wet muslin strap dressing as advised by McLeod. It is, I am satisfied, a
great gain over the old method, and is a saving of time and labor, besides being in the interest of cleanliness and simplicity.
Tetanus has not occurred. Its absence is owing to the speedy removal of the wounded from the field, to the sufficient
shelter provided, to the mildness of the temperature, the purity of the atmosphere, and the prompt and speedy attention which
all wounds received at the hands of the surgeons. The care which was taken in securing the blood vessels at the time of
operation prevented secondary haemorrhage from stumps, no cases of which are reported. There was, however, in many cases
a great amount of scorbutic oozing, necessitating the application of numerous ligatures and the free use of styptics.'*
Of secondary haemorrhage from wounds of vessels, two cases are given in full in the subjoined reports. * * The
principle of practice enjoined has been ligature above and below, in cases of recent wound, and ligature in continuity on the
cardiac side; when the probability of securing the ends of the artery was considered doubtful, surgeons were advised in such
cases not to hesitate to use the actual cautery. I arrested by this means, after the battle of Chattanooga, secondary hsemorrhage
from the brachial artery which had sloughed, and which could not be secured without a ruinous dissection of the arm. The
haemorrhage was arrested and the limb saved. A coincident gangrene was likewise extinguished. Two cases only have required
ligature of main trunks, and in these cases the ligature was applied above and below the opening.
Several examples have occurred of concussion from the explosion of shells near the head. The phenomena of this class
of injuries are of a mixed character, partaking both of concussion and shock. The symptoms are those of acute nervous and
cerebral irritation. The most remarkable case which I have seen was that of an officer who was under charge of Surgeon A.
W. Heise, 100th Illinois Volunteers, at Chattanooga, and has probably been reported by him in full. The symptoms in this
class of accidents arc those of irritation with depression, and are very persistent. They have a tendency to terminate in
meningitis, mania, and death, or softening and fatuity, with an equally certain but more protracted fatal result.
Hospital gangrene did not appear. A few cases of traumatic gangrene occurred, which showed no tendency to spread.
They were readily controlled by creosote, charcoal poultices, and internal stimulants. I take this occasion to record my
unqualified preference for bromine in the treatment of gangrene, and to express the opinion that its local and internal use will
furnish the remedy for a large class of septic and contagious diseases hitherto as intractable as was hospital gangrene to the
hands of the older military surgeons. I have placed on file in a former report a case of pyaemia cured by the administration
of Bilbron's antidote.
The diseases of the campaign have been principally diarrhoea and a mild form of intermittent. Typhoid fever (typho-
inalarial fever) and typhoid cachexia, depending on vital exhaustion from over fatigue, the exhausting discharges, and perhaps
poisonous secretions of diarrhoea, either independently or combined, have been common. Contagious or pestilential diseases
have not occurred. The fevers have not presented a pestilential type, and the hospitals have been free from typhous poison.
Scorbutus has existed constantly as a modifying influence of apparent health, with a tendency to ultimate disease.
Scorbutus has not manifested severe symptoms at any time. The rapid healing of wounds with frequent constitutional decline
depending on this cause has been observed. It existed rather as a vague cachexia than a definite disease. It was antagonized
in the early part of the summer by an abundance of blackberries, and later, by green corn, sorghum, cane juice, and vegetables.
The report of the acting medical inspector gives all the information on the subject which it was possible to obtain. The statistics
of the affection are given in the accompanying report of the acting medical inspector. The treatment recommended in diarrhoea
when acute, was mild alkaline purgatives, followed by astringents and tonics, and a carefully regulated diet, as far as circumstances
would permit, but without starvation or too great restriction. The combination of Fowler's solution with tincture of opium has
been found an excellent remedy for chronic diarrhoea, and the practice of painting the abdomen and spine with iodine is frequently
of very great advantage. I take this occasion to record the observation which has been confirmed by the experience of more
than one competent witness, that arsenic in combination with opium increases the therapeutical powers of the latter in certain
directions, and diminishes its secondary unpleasant effects. The narcotic influence appears to be diminished, while its stimulating,
regulating, and astringent properties are decidedly enhanced. The practice of applying iodine to the spine is of use' also, in
fevers of congestive type, and by relieving the passive congestion of the spinal cord, frequently enables the organ to generate
and transmit power sufficient to remove local obstructions and restore integrity of vital function.
The subject of prevention of disease, and saving the soldier from unnecessary hardship, exposure, and suffering, constantly
asserts its importance, both from the point of view of national economy and humanity. Justice, humanity, and the public good
coincide in demanding that all causes shall be removed which unnecessarily exhaust and destroy the soldier. At least four-fifths
of the army diseases are preventable, and the ranks may be made a training school of athletes, instead of a mill to grind strong
men to powder. It is impossible to recite all the causes of premature destruction, or in one word to point out the remedy. I
earnestly recommend a commission, which shall be neither a meddlesome usurper of the prerogatives of the medical department,
or a mere dispenser of the public munificence, but which, composed of the highest talent and the largest experience in and out
of the service, shall remodel the legislation on the subject of the soldier till a system is adopted as perfect as system can be made.
It will then remain to educate and train medical officers to their duties, and cultivate a noble emulation, by means of which the
working of the system may accomplish the good for which it is designed. This question becomes all the more important in
view of the large standing armies which it will be necessary to raise and maintain for the future. A chair of hygiene should be
established at West Point, and the surgeon of the post should be the professor of the science of the physical well-being of the
soldier. The obligation on the part of the officer to take care of the soldier is an essential principle of military ethics, but one
which at the present time is almost universally disregarded.
A provisional ambulance system was adopted previously to the publication of the ambulance order. The provisions of the
order have been enforced, and a complete ambulance organization is in full force and operation. The chief of ambulance, Captain
S. "\Vindeckor, of the 103d Ohio Volunteers, is an excellent and faithful officer, and the duty of transporting the sick and
wounded, and of removing them from the field to hospital, has been performed in the most systematic and praiseworthy manner.
The special cases arc cited iu the Surgical History. — Ku's.
40
314 APPENDED DOCUMENTS CAMPAIGN IN 'GEORGIA.
I have recently, since the close of the campaign, made arrangements for repairing and refitting all the ambulances, for stuffing
the cushions and sides two or three times their original thickness, and for supplying them with hold-fast straps. I have
also obtained an order from the commanding general for the purchase of a brilliant kerosene lantern for each ambulance, and
laro-e sized white and red conductors' lanterns, for sergeants to carry at night in conducting trains, and for the signal lights of
field hospitals. The want of these articles have been severely felt in the campaign.
I cannot speak too highly in praise of the system of hospitals by division. In large armies the division is the military
unit. The regimental medical officers of the division should, when practicable, do duty in the division hospitals by roster, thereby
improving their knowledge and cultivating an honorable emulation. I would recommend that the division hospital be formally
established by orders, and that a complete system of registration and report be required from them. By this method a vast
amount of statistical information can be saved which is now irretrievably lost, or but partially and imperfectly collected. I
recommend one medicine wagon to a brigade, for the supply of the medicine chest and panniers of the regiments; a complete
portable shop for the division hospital, with additional articles in boxes carried in baggage wagons, and a small supply train for
the corps or army, adapted to the nature of the service and the distance from the depot. The medical purveyor of the corps or
army should be compensated for his risk in receipting for public property, and should be selected for his known qualities as a
trustworthy business man and skillful surgeon, in order that an additional operator may be secured. The division hospital,
with an allowance of one hospital tent for each regiment, will be ample for all circumstances excepting those of very great
emergency. It should receive all sick from the regiments excepting those who are able to move with the troops. Economy
of labor, the lightness and efficiency of the regiment are thus greatly promoted. The sick are collected at one place and their
final disposition is rendered easy and certain. This system will render the presence of one medical officer only necessary at a
time with a regiment.
In bearing my testimony to the zeal and fidelity of the majority of medical officers, I am compelled to record my opinion
that great injustice is done them, to the profession, and to the general interests of the service, from the absence of progressive
promotion and increase of pay. The increase of responsibility in administrative positions brings with it no corresponding
increase of rank, with the exception of the Surgeon General and Assistant Surgeon General, while it calls for the exercise of the
functions of high rank and a corresponding expenditure. The world is governed by the standard of society, and it is useless to
hope for the services of prominent, accomplished, and trustworthy men, when the only means of receiving such qualities are
ignored. The military mind is influenced in regard to the profession of medicine applied to armies by the traditions of the
middle ages. There is also reason to suspect that the despotic element \vhich exists, in connection with supreme command,
although by no means necessary to its highest and most complete exercise, takes offence at the independence of judgment, which,
in his own sphere, is one of the attributes of the medical officer. The military mind fails to apprehend the change which has
been wrought in the profession of medicine, or to understand how essential its honor and influence are to the well-being of
troops, the efficiency of the service, discipline, the principles of humanity,, and real heroism. It would hardly seem to require
the assertion that the medical department should be on a level, so far as rank, pay, and military respect are concerned, with the
next honorable staff departments, and that medical officers, individually, should be required to correspond in attainments, character,
and soldier-like qualities with that standard. If the purely military portion of the service chooses the standard of the middle
ages, when barbers, farriers, and sow-gelders, as a rule, constituted the medical staff of armies, they ought not to complain
when they have the misfortune to fall into the hands of medical officers of a quality and character little superior to the leeches
of the days of Pepin, Clovis, and Charlemagne. There is more than enough of the rank of major. The aggregate rank and
pay distributed through the grades, from major general to lieutenant, according to service, functions, and qualifications, is enough
to remedy the existing evil without additional expense. The difference in the expense of employing and paying highly qualified
men would be saved annually by economy and precision in the administration of costly drugs. The idea of expense, however,
ought not to receive, a moment's consideration. The government can afford to do simple justice to an able and honorable body
of military surgeons, and thereby elevate the standard of medicine throughout the country, advance the interests of humanity
and civilization, arid woo many young men from objectless and worthless lives into paths of honor and ambition. The standard
of the medical profession, as was said before, is a gauge of the civilization of a country, and a measure of the real advancement
of an age or people. I beg leave to suggest that it might be possible to form a corps of surgeons of reserve from approved
medical officers, whose terms of service have expired, and from surgeons of volunteers who are mustered out at the end of the
war, or who may honorably resign. That this corps should have certain privileges granted by legislation and be subject to call
on emergency, returning with the same rank they retired with, but not to the prejudice of surgeons remaining permanently in
service. This corps should be considered in the light of honorary membership of the regular staff, and be selected with strict
reference to service and merit. The plan is not offered as mature, but the idea is suggested for elaboration, if entertained. I
recommend the institution of prizes for the best collection of reported cases in military surgery and medicine. I do not believe
any other method will call forth the facts and information which are now lost. Honor and reputation are the stimuli to intellectual
labor, as they are to military daring. They alone can overcome the inertia of fatigue, and the indifference consequent upon
constant observation of the scenes of military practice and the exhaustion of uninterrupted labor. A series of thoroughly
reported cases is all that is now wanting to enable us to present the wrorld with the most perfect system of military surgery that
has appeared, and make our observation and experience the point of departure and the standard of comparison for the future.
I earnestly recommend that an effort be made to bring the staff and the profession in closer harmony. The profession is the
mother of the staff and its professional judge. I would recommend a standing committee to be appointed by the national medical
association and the medical department of the army, to take cognizance of the mutual relations of the staff, and the profession to
urge memorials upon Congress, and to draft and present resolutions in the association. In this connection I would urge upon
academies of medicine and State societies, to take particular pains to find out the merits of the medical officers coming from their
respective districts, and adopt suitable measures to express their approbation for those who have done honor to themselves and
the profession by extraordinary ability and distinguished service. A very admirable author remarks on the efficiency of praise:
' No one can deny that animals, and men in particular, are keenly susceptible to praise. Nor is it a less common-place truism
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR HE WIT. 315
that the desire of approbation is at the root of those actions to which the interest of the societies they are held to benefit or adorn,
has conceded the character of virtue, and sought to stimulate by the promise of renown. We are much more inclined to resort
to its contrary, and niggards of praise are prodigals of censure.' These remarks are particularly applicable to the relations of
the staff, with the government and the professional and the non-professional public. Eebuke and censure have been unsparingly
bestowed. Praise, honor and renown withheld, or sparingly doled with an unwilling hand, and an ungracious expression. To
return to the point to which we have briefly alluded, the most important of all reforms, however, is in the state and condition of
the common soldier. It is of absolute importance that line and company officers be taught to take an interest in the physical
well-being of their men; that the load that the soldier is required to carry be lightened; that the length and rapidity of marches
be diminished; that regularity and quality of food be secured, and sufficient time for rest and recuperation afforded. The
average capability and endurance are gauged by the strongest man in the command, and the rapidity with which the horse of
the commanding officer can walk, made the standard for the marching of the soldier, overloaded with knapsack, musket, ammu
nition and rations, and frequently intrenching tools superadded. A system which will secure to the soldier the highest physical
development of which he is capable, will render forced marches easy of accomplishment when they become necessary. Troops
in a high state of health and strength can endure occasional drafts upon their endurance without detriment. The advantages in
a military point of view are obvious. I offer it as my deliberate opinion, based on three years' of the most ample experience,
that the rapidity and length of marches, and the load which the soldier carries, have more to do with depleting our armies than
all other causes put together. The field, instead of being the school for the highest form of physical training and muscular
development, is a treadmill in which the weak and delicate are infallibly destroyed, and the most robust gradually reduced to
their capital stock of health and strength, and finally compelled to succumb. The vast amount of functional and organic disease
of the heart and kidneys, is ample proof, if proof were wanting. In a marching column taken anywhere, and at anytime, under
the present system, over thirty per centum will be found suffering from abnormal circulation of the blood. This method exhausts
the organic nervous system, and deprives vital organs of the necessary supply of power. Derangement and organic changes
necessarily follow. I desire to add my testimony to the vast amount already written and spoken on the subject of cooking by
companies. Company cooking ought to be held to be of the first consideration. The practice of letting the soldier take his raw
food and cook it as he best can, is fruitful in waste both of substance and life. The savings of a well conducted company kitchen
will more than pay for the hire of good cooks, and it is only necessary to make the system effective, that the company officers
should devote themselves to the subject with zeal and interest. The result in saving the numerical and physical strength of the
company and regiment will tell in military success, and the reputation of the officers, in addition to the advantages of a superior
state of discipline and improved condition of the soldiers as men, and especially as citizens of a republic. The want of intelli
gent care and conservation of the private soldier has more to do with the prolongation of the war and the mishaps which have
occurred, than any one or any series of causes combined. If our men had been kept at this normal standard of vigor they
would have gone over every obstacle placed before them precisely as they went over Missionary Ridge on the ever memorable
25th day of November, 1863. The demand which the war has created for educated and skillful surgeons renders the present an
exceedingly opportune moment for securing just State legislation on the question of dissection. All students should be thoroughly
instructed in operations, and required to practice them on the dead body until they become perfectly familiar with customary
operative methods and acquire elegance and dexterity in handling the implements of this trade. Subjects for this purpose should
be furnished abundantly and gratuitously.
The subject of reciprocity between the medical departments of belligerents, and the mutual protection of hospitals and
their occupants, is one which the profession should urge upon the government, never relaxing its efforts till the principle is
fully recognized and inaugurated. The hospital should under all circumstances be held sacred. Surgeons and attendants
engaged in their legitimate duties should not be subject to capture, and hospital stores and medicines should have free transit and
enjoy freedom from capture or confiscation. The question is of the utmost importance in its most obvious view, in saving life
and mitigating suffering on the field of battle, and taking away the necessity for sudden and most distressing removals of wounded
men according to the exigencies of conflict. Its remote influences in mitigating the asperities of war, promoting true civilization,
and advancing the interests of science, are still more important and profound. I have called attention to this subject on several
occasions, and have always acted upon the principle as far as practicable, in my official intercourse with Confederate surgeons.
I believe that a system, with proper military restrictions, may be devised and adopted that shall fully meet the demands of
humanity and science. It can be effected by the combined action of the profession and the medical department of the army. It
would do more than any measure, either military or political, to realize the desire of every patriot, the restoration of an harmonious
Union. The general performance of duty on the part of the members of the medical staff' has been excellent. I take pleasure
in naming certain officers who have exhibited extraordinary qualities of industry, intelligence, and skill. Surgeons Charles Mc
Millan, Charles S. Frink, S. K. Crawford, and Thomas M. Kearney, as members of the operating board, performed excellent and
faithful service. Surgeon McMillan's services were recapitulated in a special published order. Surgeons Frink and Lawton, U. S.
V., have shown industry, vigilance and ability as surgeons-in-chief of divisions, and are rapidly acquiring the knowledge and
experience necessary to fill successfully the highest position in the department. Surgeon Edward Sbippen has rendered valuable
service as medical director, first of the post of Knoxville and of the Twenty-third Corps in the field. He is now the acting
medical director of the army of the -Ohio. Surgeons S. K. Crawford and J. S. Sparks, in charge of the 2d and 3d division
hospitals, have manifested the utmost devotion, courage, patience, and intelligence in the performance of their arduous duties
and a remarkable faculty of adapting means to ends and creating comfort and well-being out of apparently hopeless circum
stances on the plain or in the forest. Surgeons J. II. Kodgers, 104th Ohio Volunteers, D. S. Heath, 23d Michigan Volunteers,
C. 1). Moore, 13th Kentucky Vohmteers, J. F. Woods, 9Dth Ohio Volunteers, and William H. Mullins, 12th Kentucky Vol
unteers, distinguished themselves as operators; surgeons of sound and trustworthy judgment and practice. The executive
duties were also ably and promptly perfonned. Surgeon Josiah Curtis conducted the business of the office of the medical
director at Knoxville, in a correct and methodical manner. The general hospital of the army of the Ohio was managed with
ability, by Surgeon Meacham, U. S. V. ; and the Asylum General Hospital, at Knoxville, was brought to a very high state of
316 APPENDED DOCUMENTS CAMPAIGN IN GEORGIA.
perfection bv the intelligence of Assistant Surgeon W. W. Wythea, U. S. V. Assistant Surgeon S. H. Hornei1, U. S. A., has
performed the duties of purveyor of the department, faithfully and correctly. Surgeon H. L. W. Burritt, U. S. V., performed
valuable and arduous services, as special purveyor in the field, during a portion of the campaign and as acting medical inspector
of the Twenty-third Corps. I am particularly indebted to Surgeon A. M. Wilder, U. S. V., acting medical inspector of the
department, for his industry, intelligence, zeal, and conscientious peiibrmance of duty. The successful conduct of the medical
department during the campaign, is due more to his labors than to those of any other officer, and the reports and results of cases
are gathered by his industry and devotion to duty. He has also proved himself to be an able operator and a surgeon of excellent
judgment, which is constantly improving with experience. I recommend him to the favorable notice of the Surgeon General. I
beg leave to make honorable mention of Hospital Steward M. C. Wilcox and Private A. J. Goodhue, chief clerk in the office of
the medical director, for faithful and intelligent discharge of duty, and deep personal interest in the good of the service, and the
correct transaction of the business of the office. The hospitals of the district of Kentucky have not been under my personal
supervision, and it would not, therefore, be proper to make any mention of them in this report. Tin; character of the principal
ones, Jefferson, and Holt, are fully established, and reflect honor, especially the former, upon the medical department of the
West."
CCLX. Extracts from Reports on the Casualties of the Army of the Ohio from May 8 to
August 24, 1864. By Surgeon II. S. HEWIT, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director.
"The troops are in excellent condition and there is a very small proportion of the ordinary disabilities
independent of wounds received in action. The fatigue of marching, and of slow and laborious advances in line of battle over
rough country and through forests, is borne remarkably well. The weather is becoming hot, however, and the proportion of
sickness will consequently be largely increased. The Twenty-third Army Corps and the cavalry, commanded by General Stone-
man, constitute the army of the Ohio now in the field. * * The wounded are sent to Chattanooga, by order of General
Sherman, and consequently their cases cannot be followed up under my direction. The work thus far has been well performed.
Particular praise is due to Surgeon E. Shippen, U. S. V., medical director of the Twenty-third Corps, Surgeon C. W. McMillan,
1st Tennessee Volunteers, Surgeon C. S. Frink, U. S. V., and Acting Assistant Surgeon L. Darling, jr. The surgical operations
have all been primary. Morphine has been used with success in alleviating pain and preventing constitutional irritation, by
inserting it in all painful wounds in quantities of from one to three grains. Food and stimulants have been supplied in
abundance. The military operations of this campaign, since the battle of Resaca, have been a series of marches by the flank
and advances in line of battle. Whenever the line is established upon its destined position, the front is immediately fortified by
breastworks of earth and logs with a trench and ditch. The person of the soldier is thus protected, except when in the act of
firing, and the larger proportion of casualties occur on the skirmish line, and in assault or development. The loss in killed and
wounded has been very small when the magnitude of the movements is considered. * * The performance of duty on the
part of the medical staff under the direction of Surgeon E. Shippen, U. S. V., has been excellent. Surgical operations in all
cases which demanded or permitted immediate interference have been primary. A competent surgical corps detached from
administrative anil regimental duty accompanies the army and renders service in the hospitals established under the direction of
the division surgeons. The wounded are promptly brought from the field and fine hospitals prepared for their reception. The
wounded and seriously sick are sent, by rail by way of Allatoona, to the rear as rapidly as possible. A large number have been
forwarded to Knoxville. ' The character of the disease is adynamic. The scorbutic taint is manifest, and there is a
tendency to congestion of the vital organs and exhaustion of organic nervous force. The influence of malaria is obvious, but
not as yet strongly pronounced. The ambulance system is established and in successful working operation. * Medical
duty has been well and faithfully performed, and the medical directors of divisions and surgeons in charge of division hospitals
have manifested extraordinary zeal in the performance of their duty, and a constantly increasing efficiency and capacity, based on
experience and practice acquired under every variety of military contingency, excepting a great disaster. The hospital depart
ment in the field is conducted by divisions, each division having its field hospital and regular staff under the supervision of
the surgeon of the division. Primary depots on the field of battle are established for brigades and regiments, according to
circumstances and convenience, from whence the wounded are rapidly conveyed in ambulances to the division hospitals. The-
division hospitals receive all the sick from the regiments who are unable to remain in quarters. Pine boughs, carefully placed
and frequently changed, are used for bedding, and make an excellent and salubrious substitute for mattresses. Scorbutus exists
to a considerable extent, fully one-third of the men presenting its ordinary external signs. This condition has complicated some
of the cases of surgery. Scorbutic oozing has occasionally occurred after amputations, but it has always been possible to arrest
or control it. Rain fell almost daily from June 2d to June 22d, and its cessation was followed by great heat. There was no
marked increase of the sick report in consequence. There has been an abundance of excellent water easily accessible during the
whole campaign. The troops of this army have been spared long and severe marching. The positions to be occupied are
selected beforehand with the precision of consummate military knowledge and tactical skill, and they are spared the tedious delays,
fatiguing countermarching, and unnecessary labor in constructing defences at points immediately to be abandoned. This feature
has contributed in a wonderful degree to preserve the spirits and temper of the army and to prevent expenditure of its vital force,
health, and strength. Every effort has been made to secure a supply of vegetables, vinegar, and soap, and to encourage attention
to the laws of hygiene. Until, however, the regimental and company officers become impressed with a proper sense of their duty
towards their men, and the importance of these laws, the labors of surgeons and medical directors will, to a great degree, be
thrown away. A thorough personal inspection of the troops, man by man, has been made by the acting medical inspector.
A general flying field hospital for the army of the Ohio has been established at Marietta, under the charge of Surgeon F.
Meacham, U. S. V., with Assistant Surgeon W. T. Okie, U. S. A., as executive officer. The wounded, as far as possible, will be
kept in this hospital till returned to duty or honorably discharged. ' * The cavalry command is small and has had very few
REPORT OF SURGEON J. W. LAWTON. 317
sick or casualties. All its sick and wounded are immediately conveyed to the hospitals of the Twenty-third Corps, or to the
general field hospital of the army of the Ohio. The accommodations in the division field hospitals are good, and as ample
as transportation will possibly permit. Supplies are abundant and of good quality. ' * A commodious and comfortable field
hospital is now in successful operation at Marietta, to which the sick and wounded are speedily transferred from the front. * *
Morphine is used extensively as a local application to painful wounds. The results obtained are highly satisfactory in relieving
pain, subduing local irritation, and quieting the nervous system. The method of application is to insert on the point of the
finger, or by sprinkling, from one to three grains directly into the wound. Its effects are speedily obvious and remarkably
beneficial in wounds of the chest attended by painful respiration."
CCLXI. Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the, Medical Department of t/te
/Second Division of the Twenty-third Corps during the Atlanta Campaign. By Surgeon
J. "W. LAWTON, U. S. Volunteers.
"The 2d division, Twenty-third Corps, numbering three thousand nine hundred and seventy-one present, moved
from Mossy Creek, Tennessee, April 26, 1864, to join in the active campaign opening in Georgia. The medical department was
deficient in medical and hospital supplies, in number of medical officers, and in strictness of discipline; and having been recently
assigned as surgeon-in-chief, I had not been able to perfect its organization, and moving with but one day's notice, time was not
had to obtain necessary supplies. Three medical wagons, furnished, were ordered, and joined the division at Red Clay, Geoi-gia;
other supplies necessary were obtained, and the medical department was as rapidly as possible put in readiness for the exigencies
of active service. The first skirmish in which the division was engaged was at Rocky Face Ridge May 9th, losing one killed
and twenty-eight wounded. Moving to Resaca, we confronted the enemy May 14th, and a battle ensued, lasting two days, in
which a heavier loss was sustained than in any other engagement of the campaign; amounting to ninety-three killed and four
hundred and eighty-four wounded; total, five hundred and seventy-seven. Here a division field hospital was first established,
the practical working of which was new to both the surgeon-in-chief and all the medical officers of the division. A large number
of operations were performed. The campaign since has been rather a series of skirmishes than of positive battles, few days passing
without some being wounded. Almost every advance, even for a few miles, being in the direct face of the enemy, and under fire.
In consequence it has been necessary to have a field hospital constantly open, and a regular hospital staff detailed for duty.
The plan has succeeded admirably, and its organization and the perfection of details have been rendered more and more complete.
From careful observation it has appeared that operations were better borne early in the campaign than later, and patients reacted
more promptly and recovery progressed more rapidly. This, in a great measure, is owing to the hardships of the campaign,
constant exposure, and a ration often deficient in quantity, and nearly destitute of vegetables. At the same time I am convinced
that too much importance is given to the first two in their assumed relations to toleration of injuries and reaction after operations,
and that were a full and ample ration with a large proportion of vegetables furnished, the hardships and exposure of active
campaigning would be- found to have little effect beyond inuring the system to them and developing a higher vital force. The
main obstacle to rapid recovery has been a scorbutic tendency which has generally pervaded the troops of this division,
developed in this campaign; but the predisposing causes of which lay in the privations to which the army was exposed in the
winter months during active operations in east Tennessee. On inspection early in July of all the regiments composing this
division, an average of twenty per centum of marked cases of scorbutus was found, and a taint was manifest in more than
one-half of both officers and men. Aside from this tendency being manifest in the large ratio of sick constantly present, and in its
effects in the wounded upon recovery, it has been marked in its evidence in operations by diminution of the fibrin, an increase of
the watery elements of the blood, and in the blood vessels a relaxation of the muscular coats and a patulous condition of the minuter
branches, requiring a larger number of ligatures than usual, and with free and sometimes very troublesome venous haemorrhage.
Gangrene has scarcely appeared. In only one hospital has it been developed; in a few cases not readily accounted for, occurring,
as it did in some of the cases, in the healthiest and most robust subjects, and readily yielding to the milder escharotics, with
tonics. Primary operations have been the rule, and careful observation justifies the opinion that shock to the extent of forbidding
surgical interference even in cases of considerable gravity, is much less common than generally taught. In the field also, when
few of the appliances of conservative surgery can be had and fewer employed, and frequent transportation for a considerable
distance is unavoidable, operations are frequently necessary, where at least an attempt might be made to save the limb in general
hospitals. This is especially true of compound fractures of the femur from gunshot wounds. Several cases, considered the most
promising from general good health, squareness of fracture, with little comminution of bone or laceration of soft parts, have been
dressed with Smith's anterior splints and sent at once to the rear; but all cases from which any report has been received have
died from apparent destruction of vital force consequent on the gravity of the injury, or from rapidly exhaustive suppuration.
Cases of injury of large arteries or nerves uncomplicated with fractures have been exceedingly rare; only two cases have been
reported, both of the brachial artery. No cases of secondary haemorrhage have been recorded. Not a single case of punctured
wound from sword or bayonet has been observed as received in battle; a singular fact, in view of the large number of injuries
under observation, but owing probably to the character of the fireanns, being of so destructive a nature as to compel one side or
the other to give way before advancing to a close hand conflict. Resections of joints, and in the continuity of bones, have received
careful attention, and the most experienced and thoughtful surgeons of the staff have found it necessary to exercise a careful
discrimination in the selection of cases, and refuse now to operate in many instances which, early in the campaign, seemed to
favor conservation. The s:nall mortality after operation is gratifying. The tabular form bears but three deaths in field hospital
after operations. These statistics apply only to primary mortality, as some cases proved fatal after removal to the rear. The
statistical table appended affords some items of interest, and other comment is unnecessary, regarding diseases, wounds, and
operations. The table compiled from the hospital report does not embrace the sick in hospital, or sent to the rear, up to June 1st,
318 APPENDED DOCUMENTS CAMPAIGN IN GEOKGIA.
as these records for the time previous were not entered on the hospital register, and are lost. All the medical officers have
rendered efficient service. Surgeon S. K. Crawford, 50th Ohio Volunteers, deserves special mention for the faithful performance
of duty as surgeon-in-charge of division hospital ; the organization and elaboration of details are mainly due to him ; Surgeon
C. D. Moore, 13th Kentucky Volunteers, as an able and skillful operator, and for sound surgical judgment; and Surgeon John
Wrisiht, 107th Illinois Volunteers, for bravery in the field, faithful attendance on wounded, and judicious treatment in hospital,
deserve honorable mention. Assistant Surgeons William P. Welborn, 80th Indiana Volunteers, and E. S. Cooper, 13th Kentucky
Volunteers, have rendered efficient service to the wounded in hospital."
CCLXIL Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Third
Division of the Twenty-third Corps from June 11, to September 10, 1864. By Surgeon
C. S. FKINK, U. S. Volunteers.
* * * "• The aggregate number present at this date was near eight thousand, who had been through the early part
of the campaign, including the battles of Rocky Face Ridge and Resaca, where their loss was heavy; but the general condition
of the troops was good, and in all respects they were well prepared for such a campaign, as was now before us. : ' After
June 17th, until the present time, the troops have been in one position for but few days at a time, and hence all our hospital
arrangements were necessarily of a migratory character. But the organizations of the department was so satisfactory and so
well carried out, that we can look back with pleasure to every spot of ground that has been occupied by our hospitals. The
division hospital is organized under charge of Surgeon J. S. Sparks, 8th Tennessee Volunteers, with a sufficient number of
assistants to meet all emergencies. The operating staff, when occasion permitted, performed the duties of hospital surgeons.
The attendants have been remarkably faithful and energetic, and but few changes have been made since the organization was
completed ; and I here beg leave to state that to the able superintendence of Surgeon Sparks is due whatever credit may be
given to the division hospital. The opportunities for making medical researches have not been good with vis, for of necessity
ours has been to some extent a receiving and forwarding hospital, though, on a few occasions we were able to retain the cases
for some time, so that considerable numbers were returned to duty. The character of the diseases manifested in the division
has been singularly uniform throughout, although the producing causes have varied to a considerable extent. Diarrhoea has
persistently followed us, and has disqualified more from active duty than all other diseases together. The cause seems to have
been scorbutic to a great extent, though in the month of June and early in July there were many complaints in regard to the
quality of the fresh beef furnished the troops ; many of the more healthy ones, after eating freely of it, were attacked with
diarrhoea of a severe form, attended with a marked degree of prostration, yielding, however, in from seven to ten days to rest,
diet, and mild treatment; but many of the cases, especially among the new troops, had to be sent to the rear for want of
transportation. During this period mentioned, there was a great scarcity of forage for the animals, and such as they had
contained but little nutrition, which may account for the deleterious qualities of the beef. Certainly salt meat would have been
preferable. This difficulty disappeared as soon as forage became more abundant and of better quality ; but as the campaign
advanced, evident signs of scorbutus were manifested, and this acting as a producing or predisposing- cause, kept the usual
number of cases of diarrhoea on our sick report. Nor could this cause be removed for some time, owing to the difficulty of
obtaining supplies of vegetables, etc. ; but as soon as the berries were sufficiently ripened, and fruit in condition to cook, large
quantities were consumed, and the scorbutic symptoms rapidly diminished until the present time, when no complaints are made,
and but few indications of the disease can be found. The fevers have been of a typho-malarial and malarial character, chiefly
of the latter. The more severe cases of this class were sent to the rear, and hence no observations relative to them could be
made. The cases of pure malarial fever, however, were mostly treated in the regiments, or in the division hospital, and readily
yielded to a mercurial cathartic, followed by quinine in full doses. And here it may be remarked, that it has been a matter
of surprise to some medical officers that such large quantities of the latter article Avere used. This, as a matter of fact, is true,
but I am not inclined to believe that the allowance could have been materially diminished without detriment to the command.
Early in June I discovered evident signs of malarial poisoning of the atmosphere, and in one instance several regiments of the
1st division were stationed in a strip of heavy timber, or rather low ground, and as a consequence the sick lists of those regiments was
increased nearly fifty per centum over that of former reports, and all, or nearly all, of the additional cases were of a malarial
origin, mostly quotidian or tertian intermittents. They yielded readily to free doses of quinine, and from that time to the present
the command has not been free from that class of diseases which demands the free use of this drug in order that the soldier may
be returned to duty at an early day. In regard to the use of mercimals in this class of diseases, my opinion is that they are
urgently demanded. I am well aware that a dose of quinine will break up an attack of intermittent, but that it will leave the
system in a condition to enable it to ward off an immediate return of the same is a doubtful proposition to say the least; and I
find a ready explanation of this in the fact that while the army ration is well suited to supply the requisite nourishment and
support in a northern climate, yet in a southern climate, and that in midsummer, the same ration will, from the excess of
carbonacious material introduced into the system over and above what is required to keep the body at its proper degree
of temperature, produces congestion of the aortal circulation and general derangement of the hepatic functions, which constitute
the almost universally predisposing cause of malarial fevers. To relieve this congestion and restore the normal functions of the
liver, I have generally resorted to the use of mercury in some of its varied forms, and with almost uniform success. This plan,
I believe, has been generally acted upon by the medical officers of the division, and in no case have I seen or heard of any evil
results arising from the use of mercury. Of the operating board, it is a great pleasure for me to be able to state that I have not
been disappointed in a single member. They have all discharged the duties allotted to them in a faithful, prompt, and entirely
satisfactory manner. Surgeon J. IT. Rodgers, 104th Ohio Volunteers, Surgeon G. A. Collamore, 100th Ohio Volunteers, Surgeon
W. H. Mullins, 12th Kentucky Volunteers, and Assistant Surgeon E. E. Lynn, 65th Illinois Volunteers, have my especial thanks
for the manner in which they have performed their duties as chief operators ; and the fact that but one case died while in the
EEPORTS OF SURGEONS FR1NK AND WILDER. 319
division hospital, after being operated on by this board, is certainly favorable to the consideration with which I regard them.
Three only have died after having operations performed; one'of these was an amputation of the hip joint, the patient dying on
the table; another was a wound of the axillary artery, in which it was found necessary to ligate it, the patient dying some four
days after, gangrene having set in. Both of these operations were performed by Surgeon E. Shippen, U. S. V., medical director
of the Twenty-third Corps, and both were unfavorable cases. The third was an amputation of the upper third of the thigh by
Surgeon J. 11. Rodgers, 104th Ohio Volunteers; the patient never reacted. Surgeon J. F. Kimbly, llth Kentucky Volunteers,
in addition to his supervision of the brigade depots, assisted at the operating table as occasion required, and rendered valuable
service in both positions. The wounded under his supervision have been uniformly as well cared for at the depots as circum
stances required. Assistant Surgeon S. E. Sheldon, 104th Ohio Volunteers, has also rendered valuable service as an assistant at
the operating board and in procuring medical supplies. Assistant Surgeon G. W. Jones, 63d Indiana Volunteers, has had charge
of the records of the division and a more faithful, prompt, and efficient assistant I could not hope to find. And in closing this
part of my report, I beg leave to state that the medical staff of this division, with very few exceptions, have been active, indus
trious, and energetic, and in no instance have they failed to heartily co-operate with me in carrying out any measure that had for
its object the good of the troops serving in the division. Your attention is respectfully called to the folloAving statistics drawn
from the division records, to include the interval between June 11 and September 10, 1864. The total number taken on sick
report was six thousand seven hundred and seventy-eight, and the number of wounded was five hundred and fifty-nine. Of
these, two thousand and ninety-four were sent to general hospital, sixty-one died from the effects of their wounds, and twelve
from disease. There were eleven amputations of the thigh, seven of the leg, two of the arm, four of the forearm, and one at the
hip joint. There was one case of excision of the shaft of the femur and ligation of the femoral artery, four excisions of the shaft
of the humerus, and five of the head of the humerus, two of the elbow joint, seven of the radius or ulna, and one of the wrist
joint, together with forty-four minor operations. ' In amputating, the circular methods had the preference, for the reason
chiefly that it is easier to transport the patient after the operation. Of late, all the amputations have been either circular or by
integumentary flaps."
CCLXIIL Extracts from a Report on the Wounded in the Army of the Ohio during the
Campaign in Georgia. By Surgeon A. M. WILDEK, U. S. Volunteers.
"During the campaign in Georgia, from the 1st of May, 1864, to the middle of September, 1864, there were
three amputations of the thigh performed at the upper third, of which one case made a good recovery; the other two died, one on
the table. Ten amputations were performed at the middle third, five of which recovered, and five died. Twenty-three amputa
tions were performed at the lower third, twelve of which recovered ; two are still under treatment January 1, 1865 ; eight
have died, and one termination is not known as no trace could be found of him. Ten amputations were performed at the upper
third of the leg, six of which have recovered, and four died. Five amputations were performed at the middle third of the leg;
two have recovered, two died, and one is still under treatment January 1, 1865. Eight amputations were performed at the lower
third of the leg; two have recovered and six died. Three amputations were performed at the upper third of the arm; all have
recovered. Four amputations were performed at the middle third of the arm; one recovery and three deaths. Eight amputations
were performed at the lower third of the arm; five recovered and three died. Two amputations were performed at the upper
third of the forearm; both have recovered. Five amputations were performed at the middle third; three have recovered and two
have died. Four amputations were performed at the lower third of the forearm; three have recovered, and one is still
under treatment January 1, 1865. One amputation was performed at the hip joint; the patient died on the table. One amputa
tion was performed at the knee joint; the patient recovered. Four amputations were performed at the shoulder joint, all of which
recovered. Two amputations Avere performed at the wrist joint ; both cases have recovered. Thirteen exsections of the shoulder
joint were performed ; eight have recovered and five have died. Four exsections of the elbow joint were performed; two cases
have recovered, one died, and one case was lost. There were two cases of resection in the continuity of the femur, following
compound comminuted fracture by conoidal bullet. About three inches were removed in each case, one man died a month
subsequently, the other one died about four months subsequently. One case only of resection of the tibia was attempted; the
fibula was intact, and but two inches of continuity were removed. The case progressed finely, and there was every prospect of
recovery, when gangrene attacked the limb September 4, 1864. The patient died September <J6th, two months subsequent to the
operation. Five cases of resections of the fibula are reported, two of which terminated favorably, and three died; of these, one
died at Knoxville, Tennessee, three months after the operation. He was in the gangrene ward six weeks, and was reduced to a
mere skeleton; the other two died at Chattanooga about a month subsequent to the operations. Eight cases are reported in which
portions of the continuity of the shaft of the humerus have been removed. Of these, five have terminated favorably, one is still
in hospital, one wras transferred to Chattanooga where he died twenty-two days after the reception of the wound, and one was
transferred to Xashville, Tennessee, where he died in twenty days after the reception of the wound. Eight cases of resection in
the continuity of the radius arc reported, all of which have terminated favorably. Thirteen cases of resections in the continuity
of the ulna are reported, of which eleven have terminated favorably and two have died. Before closing this report, I would
respectfully call your attention to the greater mortality in those cases that are rapidly transported to the rear, as compared with
those retained at the general field hospital, army of the Ohio, and in a number of instances, patients were transferred from the
latter place before they were able to endure the fatigue consequent thereon, and death was the result. The regular hospital trains
were kept so constantly employed in transporting the sick and wounded of the armies of the Cumberland and Tennessee that
they were never made use of by the army of the Ohio, consequently, in every instance, the sick forwarded from this army were
sent to the rear in ordinary box cars, made as comfortable as circumstances would permit by padding the bottoms with pine
boughs, leaves, cotton, etc., being sent in this manner. Although cooks and attendants were always provided, and army rations
such as could lie obtained, it was next to impossible to furnish the patients with suitable nourishment, or to give them that
attention so essential, especially to wounds. On several occasions, upon arriving at Chattanooga, it was found impossible to have
320 APPENDED DOCUMENTS CAMPAIGN IN GEORGIA.
the same cars sent to Knoxville, and the men had to be unloaded wherever a vacant place could be found, and made as comfort
able as possible under the circumstances, until cars were obtained' to take them through to Knoxville. These causes combined
could not fail in greatly decreasing the probability of recovery in a majority of cases, and among the wounded resulted in the
wounds being filled with maggots, and attacked with traumatic gangrene which, if not fatal in termination, protracted recovery
for an indefinite period. Several cases died during the transit to hospitals in the rear, and I am very confident that this one thing
prevented recovery in many instances, that would have terminated successfully had they been retained in quiet near the point
where they were wounded. I have already briefly called your attention, in my report of the general field hospital, army of the
Ohio, to the unfavorable results of wounds treated by medical officers having no experience in surgery, and who are totally
ignorant regarding treatment of gunshot injuries; that the subsequent treatment has much more to do with the successful
terminations of operations either in military or civil practice than the operation itself, none will deny; and in the army where
the soldier is deprived of that entire devotion which he would have at home among his own people, it is even more necessary that
his medical attendant should be skillful and watchful; that the contrary is the fact, in very many instances, I think no
experienced surgeon who has had any opportunity for observation, will give a dissenting voice, and in my own mind, I have no
doubt from personal knowledge of cases at various times, that some few at least have terminated unfavorably by reason of
inexperience on the part of the medical attendants."
CCLX1Y. letter to the Surgeon General relative to General Sherman's Campaign from
Atlanta to the Coast. By Surgeon JOHN MOOKE, U. S. Army, Medical Director of the
Department of the Tennessee.
ATLANTA, GEORGIA,. November 10, 1864.
SIR : I have been ordered by General Sherman to report to him as medical director of the entire army under his command.
In three days the army will move into the interior of this State, having for its objective point some important town on the Atlantic
seaboard. Transportation has been reduced to the minimum, and in consequence, only a limited amount of supplies can be
carried on the march. In view of the probability of those on hand being exhausted when the objective point is reached, I
respectfully suggest that three months' medical supplies for sixty thousand men, as well as the fixtures for fitting up a hospital of
five thousand beds be held in readiness to be shipped without delay, and without further requisition, to Savannah or such other
point as the army may make its appearance on the seaboard. Our movements will probably be learned through rebel papers.
Very respectfully your obedient servant,
JOHN MOOEE,
Surgeon, U. S. A., Medical Director Department of the Tennessee.
To the SURGEON GENERAL U. S. ARMY.
CCLXV. Extracts from a Report of the Medical Staff of the First Division of the Twentieth
Corps During the March from Atlanta to Savannah^ in 1864. By Surgeon II. Z. GILL,
IT. S. Volunteers.
* * * "The division was composed of fifteen regiments, having a total strength present of five thousand eight hundred
and twenty-nine. * * The men were generally in good condition, having had for some weeks the advantage of foraging
expeditions, and were well clothed before leaving Atlanta, having received issues of new clothing. There were about three
hundred recruits in the command. The transportation of the division consisted of one hundred and seventy-seven six-mule
wagons, thirty-eight of which carried ammunition. The transportation of the division hospital consisted of three army wagons
and one medicine wagon, carrying sixteen tent-flies and the usual monthly allowance of the most useful medical supplies. The
transportation of the sick and wounded consisted of thirty two-mule ambulances, under the supervision of a captain and one
lieutenant for each brigade, to which were added, near the close of the march, three army wagons for conveying knapsacks and
equipments of such men in the regiments as were not fit for hospital and who would return to their regiments at night. The
ambulances carried two hundred pounds of hard bread for the hospital, which was much needed after the commissary's supply
was exhausted and before communication was opened with the fleet ; also, a quantity of beef essence. The sick and wounded
of the command had been mainly sent to the rear before we left Atlanta, the credit for which is partly due to the foresight and
energy of Surgeon Kittoe, medical inspector U. S. A. The hospital report of November 15th, showed but one man remaining.
There were, at the same date, fifty-one men in the regiments excused from duty. On the march, men were admitted to ambu
lance or hospital on passes signed by the regimental medical officers. One medical officer of the hospital corps, and one steward
accompanied the ambulance train each day to regulate admissions and attend to the wants of the sick. During the campaign
seven hundred and seventeen sick and seventy-four wounded men were admitted to hospital. At the close of the siege, the
number in hospital was only one per cent, of the entire strength of the command. The regiments were supplied in most cases
with a pack-mule and a pannier, and no regiment was without a medical officer. * * The weather was unusually fine during
the campaign, there being but three rainy days, though there were also a few light showers. The roads were good most of the
time. In the latter part of the route where the road led through a swampy country, some difficulty was experienced. Had the
weather been rainy it would have necessitated the abandonment of a portion of our train. * * The supplies were taken
mostly from the country through which ^ve passed, and though comparatively thinly settled, it usually furnished an abundance
of beef-cattle, hogs, sheep, poultry of all kinds, sweet potatoes in abundance for the men, and plenty of forage for the horses and
mules. The water was generally very good, and sufficient for the season. The command marched about three hundred and fifty
miles, and passed through the following towns: Uecatur, November 15th; Social Circle, November 18th; Madison, November
19th; Eatonton, November 21st; Milledgeville, November 22d; Sandersville and Teneille Station, November 26th; Davisboro',
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRKCIOR MOORK. 321
November 27tli ; Spiers Station, November 28th ; and Springfield, December 7th. The battle of Monteith Swamps occurred on
December 9th, at which the division captured two forts, with a loss of one killed and five wounded. We reached the main
works for the defence of Savannah, on December 10th, and commenced the siege. On the same day, the division captured Ji
steamboat, and another on December 12th. One brigade crossed the river and entrenched on the South Carolina side on
December 19th. The city was evacuated by the enemy 011 the night of the 20th, and was formally surrendered by the civil
authorities on December 21st, 1864. On the route we had two skirmishes; one at Sandersville on November 26th, and the
other at Monteith Swamp, on December 9th."
CCLXVI. Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of General Sherman's Army
from .Jan'Miry, 18^5, to the Close of the War. By Surgeon JOHN MOORE, U. S. A., Medical
Director.
"GKNEKAL: I have the honor to submit the following brief report of that part of the campaign in the Carolinas pertaining
to the medical department. Prior to leaving Savannah, the army had been replenished with one month's supplies of medicines
and hospital stores. These supplies were drawn from the purveyor for the Department of the South, at Hilton Head, South
Carolina, to whom they had been sent for this army. Soon after arriving in Savannah, corps hospitals were established for the
reception of such sick or disabled men as were then in the army, as well as for receiving all such 'cases as would be unable to
undergo the hardships of a severe campaign when the time came for taking the field. The army was composed of the Fourteenth,
Fifteenth, Seventeenth, and Twentieth Corps, and the Third Cavalry Division, making an aggregate of about sixty-five thousand
men. The several corps left Savannah at various dates from the 15th to 22d of January. Before marching they were
disencumbered of all men not supposed to be able to endure active duty in the field, these sick or disabled men being placed in
their respective corps hospitals. A sufficient number of medical officers and hospital attendants had been detailed and ordered
to the duty of taking care of all left in the hospitals. Before entering Savannah, about two hundred men, eighty of whom had
been carried in ambulances from the vicinity of Macon, had been sent on a hospital steamer to the hospitals at Hilton Head.
The right wing, under command of General Howard, began the march from Pocotaligo, South Carolina, on February 1, 1865.
These troops had been encamped for two weeks in low marshes, and it was again found necessary to disencumber the two corps,
the Fifteenth and Seventeenth, forming this wing of the army, of about two hundred sick, who w*re sent to hospitals in Beaufort,
South Carolina. At about the same date, the two corps, Fourteenth and Twentieth, forming the left wing under General Slocum,
began the march from two points, about thirty miles apart, on the north side of the Savannah River. To facilitate the progress
of the army, the four corps marched by as many different roads. By far the most serious obstacle encountered during the first
ten days was the bad condition of the roads. The face of the country was intersected with innumerable streams, spreading over
a wide extent of bottom, through which the water flowed in numerous channels, with intervening marshes, impracticable for
roads except by continuous corduroy and bridging. To do this work, and to extricate wagons and artillery from the mire, great
numbers of the men were wading through water and mud from morning till night. The roads through this part of the State
would have been thorough fens and marshes only to be crossed on causeways even in dry weather and without opposition ; but
several days' heavy rain so swelled the streams as to cover the whole face of the country with water, so that the marching
columns were almost constantly in water, often knee deep. On February 2d, the enemy disputed the crossing of the Salkahatchie
River at River's Bridge. After a short skirmish, a crossing was effected with a loss of sixteen killed and eighty-five wounded.
The wounded from this affair were sent back to Beaufort. This loss occurred in General Mower's division of the Seventeenth
Corps. After this there was no other considerable skirmish until the arrival of the right wing at Congaree Creek, near Columbia.
The crossing was opposed by cavalry under Wade Hampton ; but the crossing was soon effected, with a loss of five killed and
fourteen wounded. Two days afterward the army entered Columbia, tip to this period the left wing had encountered no
opposition. The cavalry under General Kilpatrick had a severe skirmish at Aiken, a point on the railroad about twenty miles
east of Augusta; but I have not received a report of the casualties. After a rest of two days in Columbia, the army resumed
its march, taking roads leading to the north, and in two days reached Winslow. The following day, a march of near twenty
miles was made, to the crossing of the Catawba River at Rocky Mount. This was by the left wing. The right wing crossed
the river twelve miles lower. At ibis point the river is called the Wateree. The country passed over from Columbia to the
Wateree, a distance of nearly fifty miles, was high and rolling, with occasional outcroppings of the granite formation, more so
than any passed over in South Carolina. Owing to a rapid rise in the Wateree, a delay of four or five days occurred before the
army was entirely across. From this point the march was in the direction of Cheraw, Sputh Carolina, and Fayetteville, North
Carolina. These places were both taken with very trifling loss. A halt of two days was made at Fayetteville, during which
about three hundred sick and a few wounded were sent on river transports to Wilmington. The Cape Fear River was
crossed on pontoon bridges, and the march resumed in the general direction of Raleigh and Goldsboro', the latter being the objective
point. On the evening of March 15th, General Kilpatrick came in contact with the enemy on the Fayetteville and Raleigh road
near Averysboro'. On the 16th, they were found posted behind entrenchments, and in dislodging them the Twentieth Corps and
cavalry division lost about four hundred in wounded. They were promptly removed from the field, and two or three adjacent
houses and sheds used for hospitals. It was raining heavily during the greater part of the day. The enemy retired in the
direction of Smithfield, and our march was resumed the following day to the eastward on roads leading in the direction of
Goldsboro'. On March 19th, a fierce attack was made by the whole rebel force, under General Joe Johnston, upon the advance
and Hank of the marching column of the left wing. The Fourteenth Corps, having the advance, was compelled to fall back a
short, distance, until the Twentieth Corps came up, when a line of battle was formed and temporary defences thrown up. Two
or throe determined assaults by the enemy were made, but were successfully repelled. The ground was held that night by our
troops, and on the 20th, the Fifteenth and Seventeenth Corps were marched back to their assistance." Some severe fighting and
heavy skirmishing occurred during the afternoon, and heavy firing kept up until late at night. On the following morning, it was
found that the enemy had evacuated his entrenchments and retreated in the direction of Raleigh, abandoning his hospitals. Our
41
322
APPENDED DOCUMENTS CAMPAIGN IN GEORGIA.
loss in the left wing, according to the hospital reports during these two days, was nine officers and one hundred and forty-five
men killed, and fifty-one officers and one hundred and fifty-one men wounded. In the right wing, two officers and thirty-five
men were killed, and two hundred and eighty-nine were wounded, making a total of one hundred and ninety-one killed, and
eleven hundred and sixty-eight wounded. The wounded were well cared for in hospitals erected about half a mile in the rear of
the line of battle. On the 1'Jth, they came under fire and had to be removed. Although this battle occurred nearly at the close
of a long march of two months' duration, without an opportunity of replenishing supplies, there was no lack of any article
essential to the comfort of the wounded. Most of those wounded on the 19th were made as comfortable as possible in wagons,
and moved o» the 20th to the vicinity of the Neuse Kiver, opposite Goldsboro', a distance of about twenty-five miles. Army
wagons were used in consequence of a scarcity of ambulances. About twelve o'clock on the 21st, the army renewed the march
toward Goldsboro', and entered that place on the 23d and 24th. All the wounded and sick were comfortably placed on bunks
before the evening of the 25th. As far as the number of tents would allow, they were placed under canvas in the open country
around the town, and the remainder placed in houses selected in town. They have done remarkably well. Supplies were
rapidly brought up from New Berne, and the men before being wounded were in a vigorous state of health, very favorable to
rapid recovery from wounds. From this point all have been or will be sent to New Berne, where they will have good hospital
accommodations until they can be sent north. The duration of this campaign has been about sixty days, and the distance
marched about four hundred and fifty miles. Forty-eight days were spent in actual marching, and the average, notwithstanding
bad roads and the necessity of bridging most of the streams, has been about ten miles. Some of the corps made on emergency
as much as twenty-five miles in a day. No part of the regular ration was issued on the campaign, except sugar, coffee, and
salt. Everything else was obtained from the country by regularly detailed foragers. A great part of the march was through a
region sparsely settled; an unbroken flat and sandy region, yielding little in return to the farmer. But our foraging parties
would go to distances of five or ten miles from the road, and always returned laden with bacon, poultry, and flour or meal. The
people of the country soon discovered that when our soldiers brought together everything which could be used in an army,
there was a very considerable supply where they supposed nothing could be found. Very great sagacity was shown by our
soldiers in discovering provisions and other articles hidden in the earth. Of course such a march as this, with two or three
weeks continuous rain, over a country interspersed with swamps and wide-spread marshes, with an unusual number of broad
and difficult rivers to be crossed, and a watchful enemy ready to give annoyance at every available opportunity, could not be
accomplished without much hardship and determined and patient endurance on the part of the men. But that this has not
injured them is shown by the very small number of sick. The average percentage of sick during the campaign, in an army
of sixty-five thousand men, has been a fraction of over two per cent.; unquestionably much less than if they had been lying
quietly in garrison. The open air, freedom from drunkenness, and other vices inseparable from garrison life, but most of all, the
novelty and excitement of an active campaign, on which every man knows that important results depend, are among the causes
of better health in the field. And again, the variety and abundance of food, and possibly the irregular and predatory method
of obtaining it, may have something to do with their better sanitary condition; and lastly, but not least influential, is being led
by a general in whom they have unlimited confidence. On the march the system of division hospitals was kept up, and found
to work well. All men from the regiments requiring hospital treatment were sent to the hospital of the division at the morning
"sick call," and were taken under the care of the surgeons in charge, who remain permanently with the hospital. The wagons
and ambulances of the division train move together, and in the evening the commander of the division indicates the place
for encamping the hospital, and the surgeon in charge, with his ambulance men and attendants, sees to the prompt pitching
of the tents, and the removal of the sick or wounded from the ambulances, and that they are fed and made comfortable. This
is a complete organization, and secures more comfort to those in .hospital, without the trouble of making daily details from the
regiments for pitching hospital tents, and having them in the way of those who are well. The hospital attendants on the march
do the foraging for their hospital. After the last two battles some inconvenience was felt owing to the deficiency of ambulances.
Most of those in use in this country were supplied during the first year of the war, and are worn out. One hundred new ones
have been received here. No instances of any serious neglect of duty on the part of the medical officers have come to my
knowledge; but, on the contrary, they have been faithful and zealous in the performance of duty, and the wounded have been
promptly removed from the field to the hospitals. The new system of ambulance organization has been more or less completely
carried into effect in all the corps, and has worked well. The character of the wounds in the cases of those brought to the
hospitals were unusually grave, much of the firing being at short range. Of the one thousand three hundred and sixty-eight
wounded brought to the hospitals, one hundred and thirty-one died within forty-eight hours. There were eighty-eight
capital amputations in cases brought to the hospitals from the battles of the 16th and 19th of March. A number of these
in the Twentieth Corps were carried in ambulances over very rough roads the day following the battle; and yet when
I saw them a few days ago at the hospital tents in an open field, I think I have never seen so many men with amputations doing
so well in the most elaborately arranged hospital. Every year's experience tends to prove the advantage of treating wounded
men in tents where they can enjoy the ventilation almost of the open air. The Sanitary Commission was prompt in furnishing
many luxuries to the hospitals, which they had no other means of obtaining.
The subjoined tabular statement will give a summary of sickness, casualties, etc. :
i
Total number wounded
Strength of com
mand.
Average daily
number sick.
Total number
wounded.
Died from wounds.
Sent to rear.
and sick on arrival at
Goldsboro'.
•
(Approximate.)
65, 000
1, 520
1,368
130
685
2,888
KEPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR COOPER. 323
Those in the above table reported as sent to the rear, were sent from Fayetteville to Wilmington, except the wounded from
River's Bridge, who were sent to Beaufort. As far as I have been informed there is no case of a sick or wounded man being
left on the way. When the army cast loose from everything in the rear, on the campaign from Atlanta to Savannah, probably
one of the gravest objections to it, in the minds of both officers and men, was the dread of being left in case of sickness in the hands
of their enemies. But on neither that campaign nor this one has this fear been realized, except in the case of two men from the
riglit wing who had compound fractures of the thigh, and were left in friendly hands in Georgia. In short, the facility with
which an army can subsist in all the settled portions of the Confederacy, while at the same time destroying the food and forage
indispensable to the support of its armies, has demonstrated the feasibility of a mode of warfare, that, six months ago, was deemed
chimerical and hazardous, and undoubtedly has had an important influence in bringing the war to its present cheerful aspect.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JOHN MOORE,
Surgeon U. S. A., Medical Director.
Major General W. T. SHERMAN."
CCLXVII. Report of the Medical Department of the Army of the Cumberland, from
September 1 to JJecember 31, 18G4. By Surgeon GEOKGE E. COOPER, U. S. A., Medical
Director.
" My report of the medical department, army of the Cumberland, from the time of the invasion of northern Alabama and
Tennessee, by the army under General Hood, till the defeat of the same by the Union forces in front of Nashville, and the
pursuit of the enemy beyond the Tennessee River, must be a meagre and unsatisfactory one, in consequence of my having been
separated from the army, and not in active campaign with it until after the battle of Nashville. The proceedings of the medical
department are, however, exceedingly well pointed out in the accompanying report of Surgeon J. Theodore Heard, U. S. V., the
medical director of the Fourth Corps, who, in person, accompanied that corps which was all that was left as an organized
force of the old army of the Cumberland, the Fourteenth and Twentieth Corps, having been taken by Major General Sherman to
form a portion of the army with which he made the march through Georgia. At the time of evacuating Atlanta the corps
hospitals of the army of the Cumberland were, as they had been in the summer campaign, fully organized and equipped, and
ready to move at a moment's notice. The general field hospital, under the charge of Surgeon M. C. Woodworth, U. S. V.; was
in fine condition and of sufficient capacity to receive all the sick and wounded of the army who, on the breaking up of the division
hospitals, might require medical treatment. Supplies of all kinds had been called for and procured by the field medical purveyor,
and the army corps were amply and liberally supplied. The ambulances which had undergone severe wear during the summer
campaign, were repaired and put in as serviceable a condition as the time and material on hand would permit. When the rebel
arrny fell upon the line of railroad in our rear, the inconvenience suffered by the medical department was trivial. The only
article which ran short was whiskey and this was replaced by requisitions on the subsistence department. The Fourth and
Fourteenth Corps having been ordered to follow General Hood's army to the rear, the sick from their division hospitals were
transferred to the general hospital, where they were cared for as well as could be desired, and the troops left Atlanta entirely
disencumbered of sick or wounded men. What occurred from that time till the last days of November, 1864, is known to me by
hearsay only, and from reading the reports furnished to headquarters. For this information. I refer to the excellent report of
Surgeon Heard, medical director Fourth Corps, who, having been one of that little band who held the whole rebel army in check
from Decatur, Alabama, to Nashville, Tennessee, is far more competent to make the report than I. Synchronous with my arrival
at Nashville from Atlanta and Chattanooga, came reports of the falling back of our army from Pulaski, Tennessee, and of heavy
and continuous skirmishing with Hood's advance. On the 30th of November came the news that a severe action had taken place
near Franklin, Tennessee, and that our losses in both killed and wounded had been heavy. The medical director of the Fourth
Corps was immediately telegraphed to and asked if he required a hospital train, and early next morning hospital train No. 2 was
sent to Brentwood, between Nashville and Franklin. On the night of November JJOth, two freight trains loaded with wounded
from skirmishes beyond Franklin, containing chiefly patients who had been brought to that place in ambulances, arrived here.
The wounded were transferred to the general hospitals here, and were promptly and skillfully cared for by the medical officers
there on duty. On the following day the troops arrived from Franklin, bringing with them many wounded, but having been
unfortunately compelled to leave larger numbers in the hands of the enemy. Almost at the same moment came the troops
commanded by Major General A. J. Smith. These troops were deficient in almost everything belonging to the hospital
department; they had no organized ambulance corps or trains; there was neither division nor brigade organization of hospitals;
but the regimental medical officers were as they had been from the beginning of the war, and seemed to have learned nothing
from experience or the example of othera, and opposed every improvement as an innovation. They had but few medical supplies,
and were wanting in almost everything which would aid them in alleviating the sufferings of the sick and wounded of their commands.
It was necessary to fit them out with all possible dispatch, which was done; and thanks are due to Surgeon Robert Fletcher,
U. S. V., medical purveyor, for his energy, efficiency, and promptness in this emergency. No one could have performed the
duties of purveyor in a manner more creditable to himself or with greater benefit to the government. As soon as the troops
arrived in front^of Nashville they were placed in the lines, and compelled to throw up intrenchments. They were much prostrated
by their constant harassing night and day marches from the Tennessee River to Nashville; but notwithstanding this, in a short
time, by constant and severe labor," works were thrown up which rendered Nashville impregnable. As the army was short of
men it became necessary to call to the aid of the beleaguered city all the troops within reach; consequently, the different
detachments of the army which left Atlanta with General Sherman and had remained behind in hospitals or otherwise were
organized into a temporary corps under the command of Major General Steadman. This extemporized corps was without any
organization whatever, and to it was attached the regiments of colored troops. It is impossible for me to learn whether these
troops consider themselves a part of the army of the Cumberland or a separate command made for Colonel Mussey. 1 should judge
324 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ARMY OK THE CUMBERLAND.
them to be out of the department did I take the attention they pay to the existence of this office as a criterion. They are more
irregular in forwarding their reports than any regiments in the army of the Cumberland.
The weather, which previous to the arrival of the troops had been moderate, became, shortly after their arrival at
Nashville, excessively cold for this latitude. The result of this was much suffering on the part of the troops, and the comparative
cessation of all offensive measures on the part of either army. At this time the results of the fatigue undergone by the troops in
the retreat from Decatur and the subsequent labor in the trenches, began to show themselves in the greatly increased number of
men who presented themselves for medical treatment. Many, too, who had undergone the hardships of the summer and fall
campaign without detriment to their health, now yielded to the bitter cold, and the disease of the pulmonary organs became
numerous. Rheumatic affections, too, became quite prevalent. The advent of the rebel army in front of Nashville, and the fact that it
was intrenching, rendered the necessity of a general action a moral certainty. To prepare for the sick and wounded of the
government forces demanded a much larger amount of hospital accommodation than was at that time at the disposal of the
hospital department. Anticipating a large influx of wounded, the efficient superintendent and director of general hospitals at
Nashville took possession of every building that could be made use of for hospital purposes, and had them fitted up with all
"possible dispatch. Consequently, four thousand vacant beds were at the disposal of the medical department. The assistant
surgeon general, too, anticipating the necessity, ordered to Nashville a large number of medical officers, many of whom arrived prior
to the actions, and all in sufficient time to be of the greatest service to the wounded in the battles in front of Nashville. The medical
officers of the Fourth Corps being emphatically experts in the care of the wounded after a battle, had everything prepared for
prompt a:id efficient action. They had supplied themselves with all the necessaries, and in addition had procured all the
delicacies within their reach. The result was that after the actions of 15th and 16th of December the men belonging to the Fourth
Corps, and all who were brought to the field hospitals of that corps, were promptly and skillfully treated, and most carefully
provided for. Too much praise cannot be awarded to the medical staff of the Fourth Corps for their untiring attention and skillful
manner of treating the wounded in their division hospitals. Were it not invidious to designate and particularize by name certain
officers where all are worthy, I would give a list of the medical officers who so faithfully performed their duties. This I will not
do, but justice to themselves demands that I should mention and particularize Surgeons M. G. Sherman, 9th Indiana Volunteers,
Stephen J. Young, 79th Illinois Volunteers, E. B. Glick, 40th Indiana Volunteers, and C. N. Ellinwood, 74th Illinois Volunteers,
as men deserving of more than ordinary notice. Previous to the battles instructions had been given to the surgeons in charge to
establish division field hospitals as near to the field as practicable, and strict orders were issued directing the surgeons to operate
upon the field on all requiring it previous to transferring the men to the general hospitals in the city. The weather, which had
entirely stopped all offensive military operations, having moderated considerably, the army, on the morning of December 15th,
marched out beyond the fortifications for the purpose of assualting the enemy's lines. The medical department of the army of the
Cumberland proper were prepared to attend to any number of wounded brought in to them from the field, and established their
hospitals as near the front as the safety of the wounded, and the configuration of the country would admit. Water being quite,
plenty, position only had to be sought for.
The extemporized corps commanded by Major General Steadman, had no organized medical staff. One was organized,
being composed of all the surgeons who could be found unattached, in consequence of being on leave of absence, or having been
separated from their regiments, which had marched from Atlanta with Major General Sherman. To these were added the medical
officers of the United States colored troops. This portion of the medical staff was under the charge of Surgeon Josiah D. Colton,
92d Ohio Volunteers, who acted as medical director. Though hastily brought together, and lacking in all the appurtenances for
field hospitals, the medical officers of this command did all in their power to assist and relieve the wounded under their charge.
The only great drawback to prompt action in this portion of the army, was the entire absence of an ambulance corps. The
blockade of the Cumberland river by the rebel batteries had prevented the quartermaster's department from bringing a sufficient
number to Nashville. To remedy the want of ambulances as much as possible, every one that could be found in Nashville, no
matter in what capacity used, was taken possession of and sent into the field, to be used as circumstances might demand. This
in a manner served in the place of an ambulance corps, but the want of system and organization was very apparent. The
soldiers wounded in the action of the 15th of December, were, on the same night, brought into the city, and placed in the general
hospitals, where every necessary attention was paid them; such as had not been operated upon were then examined, and such
measures were taken as their cases demanded. The wounded in the action of the 16th of December, 1864, were also brought in and
placed in the general hospitals; some were brought in by ambulances of the corps, arid some by vehicles which had been impressed
for that purpose. Surgeon O. Q. Herrick, 34th Illinois Volunteers, superintendent of transportation of sick and wounded, made
use of all available means to remove from the field, each and every man found there. This was a matter of no little labor, for the
field of operations covered several miles, and wounded men were in every portion of it, and the cavalry wounded were further
distant; yet by midday of the 17th of December, all our wouyded were in comfortable hospitals, the recipients of every attention
that skill and science could furnish. The pursuit of the enemy entailed, as a natural consequence, much more labor in the care of
the wounded ; the railroads were destroyed, and all the wounded had to be transferred by means of ambulances to the hospitals
at Franklin, Columbia, and Pulaski. This was done under the supervision of Surgeon O. Q. Herrick, and too much praise cannot
be given him for his untiring energy and labor in collecting and bringing in from the houses in the vicinity of the line of march,
the wounded of our own and the rebel army. The cavalry in advance, paid but little attention to their wounded, but left them
in houses by the road-side, to be cared for by the surgeons of the infantry troops who were following. The Fourth Army Corps
carried with them the sick and wounded, in ambulances, until they arrived where proper hospital accommodations could be
furnished. The Sixteenth and Twenty-third Army Corps not being in the advance, had no wounded to be cared for. In Franklin,
Columbia, and Pulaski, a large number of rebel wounded were found, who had been left by their army. A sufficient number of
medical officers had been left with them, to give them proper attention. These wounded were, as soon as practicable, transferred
in hospital cars, to Nashville; where they were placed in one large hospital. The medical officer in charge, was directed to
furnish them all necessaries, and such luxuries as the condition of their wounds required. This was done until the arrival of the
commissary general of prisoners, who directed that the wounded rebels should be confined to prison hospital rations. I do not
REPORTS OF SURGEONS COOPER AND HEARD. 325
tliink that it is the intention of the government to deprive wounded men, rebels though they be, of everything needful for their
treatment. Prison hospitals being at a distance from the front, it was not expected that mounted men would be brought there,
till sufficiently well to travel, when diet would be but a matter of minor import. No surgeon can give good results, if he be not
allowed to use every article called for by sinking nature, and to treat disease untrammelled by orders from non-professional men.
The wounded of our armies, who were left at Franklin, Columbia, and Pulaski, had medical officers detailed to remain
with them until the railroad could be repaired, when those who could bear transportation were to be removed to Nashville.
The necessary supplies were left with the sick and wounded, as far as was practicable, but not in such abundance as would have
been furnished had the railroad been intact. The weather, during the pursuit, was of the most disagreeable character; rain fell
for four successive days, and when this ceased, the weather grew severely cold. This was followed by protracted rains and mud.
Probably, in no part of the war, have the men suffered more from inclement weather than in the month of December, 1864, when
following General Hood's retreating army from Nashville to the Tennessee River. The result of this weather and the hard
marching was, as might have been looked for, severe affections of the pulmonary viscera, fevers, rheumatisms and diarrhoeas,
which served to fill the hospitals in this vicinity to their utmost capacity.
The number of men wounded in the actions in front of Nashville will never be correctly furnished, In consequence of the
character of some of the troops engaged, and their having no organized medical department. The records of this office as far as
completed show, for the actions from Decatur to Nashville, four hundred and two wounded. In front of Nashville, and during
the pursuit of the rebels, one thousand seven hundred and seventeen wounded. The wounds were caused by musketry throwing
conoidal projectiles, and by artillery of the latest and most approved character, and were received at all distances, from contact
with the muzzle of the piece to the extreme rage of artillery and musketry. The character of many of the wounds was of the
most severe kind, having been received at short range, consequent upon the peculiarity of the battle, which was a series of
charges upon heavily fortified lines, held by strong forces of the enemy. The medical officers of the army of the Cumberland
did, in this campaign, all that men could do to alleviate the sufferings of the wounded soldiery, and have only added to the
enviable reputation gained by them on many a former battle-field. They are skillful, zealous, untiring and faithful, knowing their
duty and doing it most conscientiously. The medical officers of the Sixteenth Corps did their duty well and faithfully, but want
of systematic organization crippled fheir movement most perceptibly. I will transmit the nominal list of wounded as soon as it
can be made out. It will be defective in the cavalry corps and in those troops commanded by Major General Steadman.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
GEORGE E. COOPER,
Surgeon U. S. A., Medical Director D. C.
To the SURGEON GENERAL U. S. A."
CCLXVITI. ^Extracts of a Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Fourth
Army Corps at Spring Hill, Franklin, and Nashville^ Tennessee. By Surgeon J. T.
HEARD, U. S. Volunteers.
"SiR: I have the honor to submit the following report of the operations of the medical department of the Fourth Corps
at the battles of Spring Hill and Franklin, November sJ9th and 30th, respectively. On the morning of the 29th of November, the
Fourth Corps consisting of three divisions, and the Twenty-third Corps of two divisions, were hi position on the north bank of
Duck River opposite Columbia, Tennessee. The enemy, or the larger portion of the rebel army, was upon the south bank and
confronting our lines. At nine o'clock A. Mv the 2d division of the Fourth Corps marched for Spring Hill, accompanied bv and
guarding all the trains of the army, with the exception of twenty ambulances left with the 1st and 3d divisions of the Fourth
Corps, which divisions were ordered to remain with the Twenty-third Corps until dark and then to withdraw with the rest of the
army. About two in the afternoon, the head of the column being within one mile of Spring Hill, the commanding general was
informed that the cavalry of the enemy was pushing back our cavalry and rapidly approaching the town. The troops were at
once pushed forward at double quick, and having passed through the town, charged the enemy, checked him, and finally caused
him to retire. The division was then placed in position to protect the pike on which the trains were moving. About four o'clock,
the right brigade under General Mradley was furiously attacked by two brigades of rebel infantry. The attack was continued
until nearly dark, when our right gave way toward the pike and was followed by the enemy. Fortunately all trains had then
passed, and had been parked north of the town where, also, division hospitals had been temporarily organized, and the wounded
provided with primary dressings and comforts. A few wounded were unavoidably lost when the right gave way. One hundred
and fifteen wounded were brought to hospital. Shortly after dark orders were given to break up hospitals, load ambulances, and
be ready to move with the other trains at a moment's notice. The rest of the army reached Spring Hill about ten p. M.. and
continued their march through the town toward Franklin. The hospital and ambulance trains moved at the same time, reaching
Franklin at ten in the morning of November 30th, without loss, although several times attacked by the enemy's cavalry. The
wounded and sick were sent by rail to Nashville early in the afternoon. The two divisions of the Twenty-third Corps, with the
1st and 2d divisions of the Fourth Corps remained south of the Harpeth River and intrenched themselves. The 3d division of
the Fourth Corps crossed to the north side of the river and was not engaged in the battle of Franklin. At about one o'clock
in the afternoon of November 30th, the enemy appeared in force opposite our lines. At half past three o'clock in the afternoon,
as it was determined to withdraw at dark toward Nashville, orders were given to send all trains, except half the ambulances of
each division, to Nashville. Soon after the trains were fairly on the road, the enemy commenced a furious attack upon the entire
lines. Six distinct assaults were made, and by hard fighting were repulsed with great loss to the enemy. As soon as the firing
commenced, orders were sent for the hospital wagons to be parked in the nearest field, and the tents to be temporarily pitched ;
all ambulances to return and cross the river. Efforts were there made to obtain a train of cars for the wounded: the commanding
general, however, did not deem it best that one should be telegraphed tor. Owing to the intense darkness and imperfect
provision for crossing and reerossing the river, the movement of ambulances was necessarily retarded. The wounded were
326 APPENDED DOCUMENTS AKMY OF THE CUMBERLAND.
collected at hospital as rapidly as possible; the town was thoroughly searched for wounded; orders were issued for the with
drawal of troops at twelve o'clock; the ambulances worked constantly until eleven o'clock r. M., and were then loaded to their
utmost with wounded collected at hospitals. Such slight cases of disease as remained were loaded upon army wagons; the
hospitals and ambulance trains were the last to draw out, and were closely followed by the troops. Five hundred and fifty
wounded were brought off. From all that can be ascertained, it is probable that from seventy-five to one hundred wounded of
this corps were left in the hands of the enemy. Many rebel wounded fell into our hands, but were left for want of transportation.
The ambulance train reached Nashville at nine o'clock A. M., December 1st, and the wounded were placed in general hospitals.
The followin" casualties occurred among the ambulance men of this corps: Private William Malony, Co. D, 23d Kentucky,
shot through arm; Private Patrick Martin, Co. E; 73d Illinois, severe wound of leg; Private Henry Donnell, Co. C, 36th Illinois,
shot in chest; Private John Halderman, Co. H, 36th Illinois, missing in action; Private Owen Henderson, Co. G, 40th Indiana,
shot in abdomen, reported killed. List of wounded and tabular statements of wounded have already been forwarded. *
On the morning of December 14th, orders were received to be ready at six o'clock A. M. December 15th, to move upon the
enemy's position. The hospitals of this corps which, since the 2d of the month, had been located near the city on the Franklin
pike, were ordered to be broken up, and the hospital train to be parked on the Hillsboro' pike, there to remain until further
developments. The sick were transferred to general hospital. At seven o'clock A. M. December 15th, the troops of this corps
moved out by the Hillsboro' pike, in front of the line of works occupied by them during the two weeks previous and formed as
follows: 1st division on the right, connecting with the left of Major General A. J. Smith's command; 2d division on the left of
the 1st, and the 3d division on the left of the 2d, and somewhat retired. The hospitals of the corps were at once established
directly on the Hillsboro' pike, and about a quarter of a mile in rear of the line of works. The site selected was the lawn in
front of a large brick house; water was abundant and good. Detachments from each division ambulance train were close in rear
of the troops, the remaining ambulances were parked in rear of the works and ready to move out when required. The stretcher-
men were with their respective regiments. During the fighting of December 15th, the line of this corps was advanced nearly
two miles. The loss in wounded was not severe, being only two hundred and three men. The wounded were promptly removed
from the field and cared for at division hospitals. The majority of the wounds were caused by conoidal balls. After dark, the
fighting having ceased, and all operations and dressings having been attended to, the wounded were transferred to general
hospital. As the position of the corps had now changed from the Hillsboro' to the Franklin pike, the hospital train was ordered
to be loaded and ready to move at daylight on December 16th. On the morning of the 16th, the position of the troops of this
corps Avas as follows: The 3d division on the left of the Franklin pike, connecting with the right of Major General Steadman's
command ; 2d division in the centre, and the 1st division on the right, connecting with the command of Major General A. J.
Smith. The hospitals were located on the right and left of the Franklin pike at the Springs, about two miles in advance of the
old line of woi'ks; the ambulances were near the troops. The fighting of to-day was much more severe than that of yesterday,
although the casualties were wonderfully slight. Four hundred and ninety-five men of this corps were wounded and taken to
hospital; shell Avounds being of more frequent occurrence than on the previous day. At night the Avounded, after being attended
to, Avere ordered to be transferred to general hospital and the hospital trains to be loaded and ready to move at early daylight,
either for the establishment of the hospitals near the troops in the event of another battle, or to be ready to follow the corps in
case, as Avas probable, the enemy should retreat. The medical and ambulance officers of the corps deserve great praise for the
faithful and efficient manner in which they performed their arduous duties, Avith little or no rest for fifty hours they yet cheerfully
and fearlessly continued at their posts. I can truly say that I have never seen Avounded more promptly removed from the field,
or better cared for in division hospitals. Medical and hospital supplies Avere abundant and rations plenty. There were no
casualties in the ambulance corps, or among medical officers. The folloAving number of wounded of other commands Avas
receiAred into hospitals of this corps, viz.: rebels, fifteen; 12th United States colored troops, tAvo; 13th United States colored
troops, forty; 14th United States colored troops, one; 100th United States colored troops, three; total of other commands, sixty-
one. Enclosed are lists of rebel Avounded received into hospitals of this command."
CCLXTX. Extracts from, a Report of the Casualties in. the Brigade composed of the 8th, 9th,
and \?>th Tennessee Cavalry liegiments at the Engagement at Bull's Gap, Tennessee. By
Surgeon A. L. CARRICK, 2cl Tennessee Cavalry.
"At bull's Gap, Tennessee, on November 11 and 12, 1864, the brigade Avas engaged. * On the 13th, Avhen
orders Avere given to retreat from Bull's Gap, there Avere eight of our Avounded' who could not be removed, four being patients
Avhose limbs had been amputated the day before. These, I left in charge of Dr. Drake, a surgeon of experience and reputation,
Avho resides at the Gap. He volunteered to take charge of them, and I left him a sufficient supply of medicine, dressings, etc.
The remainder of our sick and Avounded, I took Avith me in our ambulance train. All Avent on Avell until AVC reached Russellville,
when our train Avas fired upon by the enemy concealed in the Avoods. This created the greatest confusion and alarm. * * In
the attack, Hospital Steward Gifford, 8th Tennessee Cavalry, Avas severely Avounded in the thigh, and Assistant Surgeon Edmund
A. Finn, of the same regiment Avas captured. The train retreated precipitately to MorristoAvn, the enemy being close behind.
When Ave neared Morristown, Ave found the railroad train from Knoxville in waiting, Avith some reinforcements. I then
considered all danger passed as our forces Avere formed in line to resist the enemy, and I Avent over to make arrangements to get
all my sick and AA'ounded on board to be conveyed to Knoxville, but before I could get anything done the enemy, from various
points, attacked in overwhelming force, and the train started back for Knoxville. Our artillery opened on the enemy Avith grape
and canister. Our forces Avere rallied and made a vain effort to stem the torrent; the ambulance and wagon trains Avere hurried
forward, but I regret to state a panic seized our men. They broke in confusion and disorder, and in less than tAventy minutes
ambulances and wagons Avere upset on the road. Fifteen of the sick and Avounded got out and escaped, some on the cars, others
on horseback. The remainder, together with all the ambulances, hospital stores, and medical supplies, fell into the hands of the
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR SALTER. 327
enemy. This catastrophe occurred at midnight, rendering the scene doubly frightful. * * The enemy continued to pour volley
after volley into our retreating column, rendering it impossible for any of the medical officers to go to the assistance of the
wounded. Next day, when I arrived at Strawberry Plains, I found many of the sick and wounded, whom I thought captured,
had arrived there before me, these I sent to general hospital at Knoxville." * *
CCLXX. Report of the Operations of the Medical- Department of the Cavalry Corps of the
Military Division of the Mississippi, in Alabama and Georgia, from March 22 to August
20, 1865. By Surgeon F. SALTER, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director.
"The 1st, 2d, and 4th divisions together with the 4th United States Cavalry, all under command of Brevet
Major General Wilson, composed the troops engaged in this campaign. The 1st division, under Brigadier General E. M. McCook
numbered four thousand, and ninety-six men. The 2d division numbered five thousand one hundred and twenty-seven men,
under command of Brigadier General E. Long. Brevet Major General Upton commanded the 4th division, containing three
thousand nine hundred and twenty-three men. The 4th United States Cavalry was on duty as headquarters guard, and was
three hundred and thirty-four in number. There were thus engaged in the expedition, in all, thirteen thousand, four hundred
and eighty men. The chief medical officers of the command were Surgeon Francis Salter, U. S. V., medical director • Assistant
Surgeon William T. Okie, U. S. A., medical inspector ; Surgeons Benjamin McCluer, U. S. V., Frederick Corfe and Francis
Greene, U. S. V., chief surgeons of the 1st, 2d and 4th divisions. There were altogether fifty medical officers on duty with the
command. Orders were given to march early on the morning of March 22d. The several divisions moved out on parallel roads in a
in a south-easterly direction. The 1st division forming the right, the 2d the centre, and the 4th the left. The roads all led to the
south-east, passing through Eussellville and Jasper. The weather was pleasant, and the roads though rough, were nevertheless firm
and passable. Corps headquarters passed through Cherokee Station, Alabama, at twelve o'clock noon, and at five o'clock p. M., after
a march of eighteen miles, encamped within a mile from Barton's Station. March 23d, march began at an early hour, weather
fine, country similar in appearance to that passed over on the day before, being hilly and rough. The soil is here sandy and
barren, and the population small. General Wilson and staff marched twenty-four miles, and at twelve meridian arrived at the
dilapidated village of Russellville, county seat of Franklin County. It has been a place of some local importance, with a
population of two thousand inhabitants; it has, however, suffered severely from the ravages of war. Camped there for the
night. March 24th, weather pleasant; march began at eight o'clock, but after reaching a point three miles distant, corps head
quarters went again into camp in order to await the arrival of the pontoon and wagon trains, which had been delayed on the
march. General Long with the 2d division passed by in the morning at nine o'clock. General McCook and headquarters arrived in
the evening at six. March 25th, reveille at five o'clock A. M., marched at six. Weather very pleasant, roads good though occasionally
rough. Crossed Big Bear River at Bell's Factory at three o'clock p. M. Travelled twenty-one miles and camped on a branch of
the Buttahatchie River. General Upton with the 4th division was a considerable distance in advance. General McCook guarded
the rear. March 26th, started at an, early hour and marched twenty-five miles to Blackwater Creek. Weather continued to be
pleasant. The country, like all yet passed over, is barren, the soil is sandy and supports a forest of pines. Water good, forage
found in sufficient quantities for the necessities of the command. Camped for the night. During the night a bridge was constructed
over the Blackwater. March 27th, reveille at four A. M., inarched at five and a half A. M., on road to Jasper. General Upton on
the left letl the advance, General Long held the centre with the 2d division, and General McCook, with the 1st division, the rear.
Weather mild with indications of rain. Road to Jasper was found, except in one or two places, to be in good condition. Arrived
there after a march of seventeen miles, at half past eleven o'clock A. M. We heard news to the effect that Forrest was fortifving
the road from Montevallo to Tuscaloosa with a force of ten thousand men. Orders were given to General Upton to push rapidly
forward, leaving the wagon train to take care of itself. Similar orders wrere 'also issued to Generals Long and McCook.
General McCook entered Jasper with the 1st division at two P. M. At five o'clock p. M., General Wilson and staff arrived on the
banks of Mulberry Fork of the Black Warrior River, eight and a half miles from Jasper. The sky had shown symptoms
of rain since noon, and now it began to fall and continued during the whole night. Corps headqtoirters encamped on the north
bank of the river. Jasper, through which we passed at noon, is a large village of from four to five thousand inhabitants, has a
court-house and jail. The road thence to Black Warrior was firm and good. On arriving at that stream, we found that General
Upton had already crossed it at the ford, with all his troops and most of his wagons. This fork of the Black Warrior was at
this point about one-eighth of a mile wide, with a depth ranging from one to three or four feet, and a very rapid current. The
bottom was very rocky and uneven, and the banks on each side very precipitous. March JJc'th, the weather was very damp and
disagreeable. The greater part of the day was taken up in getting the troops and wagon trains over the river. Many horses
lost their footing, and many men were dismounted, but none were drowned. We crossed the Locust Fork of the Black Warrior at
the ford at four o'clock P. M. This stream is deeper than the Mulberry Fork, but not so wide nor so rapid; the distance between
the two forks is eight and a half miles. The country between them is barren and thinly settled. The people are very ignorant
and poor, but of "Union" proclivities. General Wilson camped at night on south bank of this fork. March 29th, the day was
occupied in getting the 1st and 2d divisions over the Locust Fork of the Black Warrior River. General Wilson remained in
camp all day. Captain Brown, acting chief quartermaster, was ordered to take charge of corps trains. Weather rainy. March
30th, stalled on the road to Elyton at half after six o'clock. Weather cloudy but cold, rain had ceased to fall. The main road was
found to be very muddy. We arrived at Elyton at one o'clock P. SI., a distance of twenty miles, having crossed Black ('reek on
our way at Lamson's flour mills. These mills were burned. The country had now begun to assume a more fertile and cultivated
appearance. Elyton is a very pretty village of from three to four thousand inhabitants. The route on which we had hitherto
conir, since leaving Chickasaw, had been south-easterly from Elyton, until we arrived at Sehna. We now advanced due south.
Tlic 1 st brigade of the 1st division was detached from the command at this point, and ordered to proceed to Tuscaloosa and destroy the
rebel government works there. Large iron works six miles south of Elyton were burned. We arrived at night on the banks of
328 APPENDED DOCUMENTS WILSON 's CAVALKY EXPEDITION.
Cahawba River, fifteen miles from Elyton. Tlie railroad bridge had fortunately been left uninjured, and was easily fixed to allow the
crossing of trains. Tire last four miles of the road were very rough and muddy. March 31st, fine drizzly rain fell early in the
mornin"-; weather cleared after sunrise. The railroad bridge across the Cahawba was a quarter of a mile long, and had been
planked the day before by General Upton. The Cahawba River is at this point an eighth of a mile broad, and quite deep. The
crossing would have been troublesome had the bridge been burned. Large iron works half a mile from the river were burned.
Arrived at Montevallo at eleven o'clock A. M., distance fourteen miles from the Cahawba road. The country was wooded but the
forests differed from those through which we had hitherto passed, there being some oak mixed with the pines. The soil though
still sandy is more fertile than that north of Elyton. Montevallo is a village of two thousand inhabitants, but was nearly deserted
at our entrance. General Upton had his headquartei's there and was awaiting our approach. The rebels were now reported,
for the first time, to be before us in some force. They were charged by the 3d Iowa, and dispersed with the loss of twenty
prisoners. Left Montevallo on road to Selma, at three o'clock P. M. General Long advanced with the 2d division on the
road to Randolph, to the right of the main road to Selma, General Upton kept the main road. There was continual skirmishing
with the rebels, but they were unable to check our advance in the slightest degree. We went into camp twelve miles from
Montevallo at half past seven o'clock P. M. There had been during the day several men wounded, and one or two killed. April
1st, marched at an early hour; at Randolph, a small village seventeen miles from Montevallo, General McCook was ordered with
the 2d brigade of the 1st division to take the road to Centerville, and to co-operate with General Croxton against Jackson, who
was reported to be on the Tuscaloosa and Centerville road with four thousand men. General Long on the right, and Upton on
the left, had a brilliant fight with the rebels under Forrest in person, defeating them with severe loss. There were captured from
the enemv, three pieces of artillery and three hundred prisoners; there Avas besides quite a number killed. The loss on our side
was forty wounded, and twelve killed. We arrived at Plantersville, after a march of twenty-six miles, at six o'clock P. M. Corps
headquarters at house of Mrs. Discoe. A quantity of rebel hard tack and some forage bags were found in the depot. April 2d,
a hospital was established in the village church for the reception of the sick and wounded. Assistant Surgeon T. A. McGraw,
U. S. V., was ordered to remain in charge, with Assistant Surgeon T. J. Maxwell, 3d Iowa Cavalry, as assistant. There was
left in the hospital forty wounded, and eighteen sick, together with a sufficient number of nurses. The depot was burned,
together with a storehouse containing cotton. The command then moved on toward Selma, twenty-one miles distant. The 4th
and '2d divisions arrived in front of Selma at two o'clock in the afternoon, and at sundown an attack was made. Forrest was in
command of the rebels, and endeavored to defend the city, but without success. Our troops took the breastworks by assault,
and entered the city with the flying rebels. In the confusion resulting from the night attack, a large number of stores were
plundered and burned. Our loss was : Killed, four officers and thirty-five enlisted men. Wounded, twenty-four officers and two
hundred and twelve enlisted men. We captured twenty-three hundred prisoners, a large number of small arms and cannon, and
the work-shops and arsenals which supplied the armies of the west with ammunition of all kinds. Forrest escaped with his
escort, and retreated toward Plantersville. On his way he came across a party of federals asleep in a neighboring field, under
command of Lieutenant Roys and Lieutenant Mullin, 4th United States Cavalry. He charged on them in their sleep, and refusing
to listen to their cries of surrender, killed or wounded the entire party, numbering twenty-five men. April 3d the day was
spent in restoring order in Selma. The 2d brigade of the 1st division, which had been unsuccessful in the attempt to unite with
the 1st hrigade; was ordered back to protect the wagon trains. Forrest arrived at Plantersville on his retreat, and captured the
hospital, which had been left without a guard. He paroled all the nurses and slightly wounded men, and left the surgeons and
patients unmolested. A corps hospital was established in Selma for our wounded. April 5th, a party of the 2d division went to
Cahawba an.<l recaptured several of our prisoners confined there. April Gth, the wagon train arrived at Selma. Arsenals and
government Avarehouses Avere found destroyed by fire. April 7th, negroes gathered together to be organized into three regiments,
one for each division. Sick and Avounded men Avere brought in ambulances from Pluntersviile and put in the corps hospital.
General Wilson met Forrest on the Cahawba River under a flag of truce. It Avas determined to take along on the march all
the sick and AA'ounded Avhose situation Avould permit of it, and to leaAre only such as Avere very ill or badly Avounded. Engineers
Avere busily engaged in building a pontoon bridge over the Alabama River. The Alabama RiA-er is, at this point, about five
hundred yards Avide. It has a very rapid current and a depth that admits of navigation by steamboats of considerable size;
Selma is situated on its north bank. It is, or Avas, a beautiful city of fifteen thousand inhabitants, containing many fine residences
and large government Avork-shops. April 9th, it had been determined to move toAvard Montgomery, but the pontoon bridge broke
for the second time and prevented the Avhole command from crossing until late in the night. Camped on the south side of the river.
Left in hospital at Selma sixty-eight patients under charge of Surgeon Larkins, 17th Indiana, and Assistant Surgeon J. N. Raley,
10th Missouri Cavalry. Rations for forty days Avere left with them, as also plenty of medicines and othei supplies. April 10th,
began our march to Montgomery. Forrest had refused to acknoAvledge any paroles, and General Wilson accordingly ordered all
prisoners to be brought along under guard. The citizens however and some of the militia were paroled. The Aveather Avas good,
although the roads were muddy from recent rains. Surgeon G. W. Carter, 3d loAva Cavalry, Avas ordered to take charge of the
hospital train. This train Avas composed of the ambulances belonging to the corps/together -with a number of Avagons properly
fitted up Avith beds and blankets. We marched fifteen miles to the village of Benton, and camped there during the night. Benton
is a small village of no particular importance. April llth, began to inarch at six o'clock A. M. Sky cloudy and threatening rain.
Our route, since leaving Selma, has been due east on the road to Montgomery, south of the Alabama River. One mile from Benton
AVC passed through a swamp a mile long. The road Avas very bad and almost impassable for Avagons. After leaving the sAvamp,
however, we found the roads to be smooth and dry, leading over a rolling country. Thirteen miles from Benton, the column passed
through the village of LoAvndesboro'. This village AYas one of the most beautiful that AVC have yet passed through. It is built up
of large elegant mansions, and is inhabited by rich planters. It has a population of about one thousand five hundred. Small pox
Avas raging furiously, and in some families had attacked all the members. WTe here received the news of the fall of Richmond.
Went into camp eighteen miles from Montgomery, after a march of eighteen miles. April 12th, started from camp at five A. M.
Weather very pleasant and roads good. General McCook Avith the 1st division led the advance. The city capitulated to
General McCook early in the morning, and a provost guard having been stationed in it, the troops marched through and
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR SALTER. 329
camped outside. The inhabitants received the troops without manifestations of joy, but at least without any evidences of
dislike. Private property was everywhere respected. The rebel troops before our entrance, had burned a quantity of cotton
of great value ; the citizens expressed a great deal of anger at the occurrence. Montgomery, the capital of Alabama, is a
beautiful city, and contains a large number of elegant residences ; it is situated on the south side of the Alabama River.
This river is navigable to the city by small steamers. April 13th, hospital train came into the city at five o'clock P. M., and was
unloaded at Saint Mary's Hospital. The transportation of so many sick and wounded had been found to be a serious encumbrance
on the march, and it had therefore been determined to leave them at this city. There were, accordingly, sufficient quantities of
commissary stores and medicines left in the hospital, for the wants of the sick and wounded. There was left in Montgomery,
one hundred and forty-four men, under charge of Assistant Surgeon D. C. Dome, 17th Indiana Mounted Infantry. April 14th,
started for Columbus at eight o'clock A. M. Weather pleasant, roads excellent ; marched due east twenty miles, and then encamped.
April 15th, started at seven and a half o'clock, A. M. General Upton way ahead. Weather cloudy and threatening rain. Arrived
at Tuskegee, forty-two miles from Montgomery, at two o'clock p. M. Tuskegee is a village of three thousand inhabitants and a
county seat. It has a jail, court-house, and young ladies' seminary. Left Tuskegee at five o'clock. It began to rain just as we
left, and continued to do so for two hours. Encamped at seven o'clock at a farm house forty-eight miles from Montgomery arid
thirty-six from Columbus. April 16th, commenced our march at seven o'clock. The country passed over is not so fertile as in the
immediate vicinity of Selma, and has been worn out by the defective system of agriculture. We passed through Society Hill, and
two other small villages, on our route. General Upton again led the advance, Weather was fine and the roads were in good order.
We arrived opposite Columbus at three o'clock P. M., and found General Upton preparing to attack the works. The attack began
at seven o'clock p. M. ; and notwithstanding the resistance of the enemy who was entrenched on the neighboring hills, our forces
drove him from his breastworks and captured the bridge leading over the Chattahoochee River to the city. The attack was made
exclusively by the 4th division ; our loss was but twenty-eight wounded, and five killed. There were captured from the enemy
nearly two thousand prisoners, a large quantity of arms and ammunition, and all the government stores, shops, and arsenals in the
city. Columbus was a city of nearly twenty thousand inhabitants, and is situated on the east bank of the Chattahoochee River.
It was connected with the Alabama side of the river by three bridges, at the time of its occupation by our forces. It was a place of
considerable importance as a manufacturing town, having a number of mills and work-shops of different kinds. While the main
body of the troops were thus engaged, Colonel La Grange had been detached at Opelika, and ordered to destroy the railroads and
depots at West Point. Arriving there April 16th, he attacked and carried the fortifications built to defend the place, though not
until after a severe struggle, in which we lost in killed and wounded, thirty-seven, of whom seven were killed. April 17th, the
women and children who had been employed in the factories and arsenals, turned out with one accord, to pillage the stores and
warehouses of the rebel government. The government buildings were burned with the exception of the hospitals. It was determined
to leave our sick and wounded, with a proper amount of stores of all kinds, in the hospitals of the city. Assistant Surgeon Samuel
Whitten, 3d Iowa Cavalry, was detailed to take charge of them; in all, thirty-five patients were left at Columbus. April 18th,
bridges over the Chattahoochee River were burned, together with such public buildings as had escaped the day before. We
commenced to move at nine o'clock on the road to Macon, via Thomaston, marched twenty-one miles and encamped. The weather
was pleasant and the roads good. The character of the soil was different from that of Alabama; it consisted of red clay, beneath
which was a layer of limestone. Several cannon and a lai'ge number of wagons left on the road, showed that the enemy had fled
in the greatest confusion. April 19th, the command marched at an early hour, the 2d division in advance. The weather was
very windy, and the roads dry and dusty. The forests presented a somewhat different appearance from those by which we
rode yesterday, having oak mixed with the pines. Our advance, consisting of the 4th Michigan Cavalry, had captured the
bridges over the Flint River, forty-four miles from Columbus. We arrived there at twelve o'clock noon. The Flint River
here is very rapid and not easily forded. A further march of ten miles brought us to Thomaston, a village of about fifteen
hundred inhabitants. After having crossed Big Potato Creek, we encamped, at six o'clock p. M., at Thomaston. April 20th,
corps headquarters began their march at six o'clock A. M. Weather was good ; the roads were' very dry and dusty. Our course,
which from Columbus to Thomaston had been to the northeast, now deviated to the southeast. Thomaston is forty-seven miles
from Macon. Our advance was met by a flag of truce, announcing that General Sherman had entered into an armistice with
Johnston, and demanding that we should halt where we were. The officer commanding the advance, however had no authority
to stop his march, and by the time the letter had reached General Wilson the city of Macon had already been captured.
Thus imperfectly are the main incidents of the march of General Wilson's command from Chickasaw, Alabama, to Macon,
Georgia, recorded and reported for the information of Surgeon George E. Cooper, U. S. A., medical director of the army and
department of the Cumberland. It had been intended to render the report more complete, and give the points of interest more in
detail. The reports from surgeons in charge of subordinate commands are not, however, so explicit as to permit the execution of
this intention. One or two points I desire to present to the medical director. First, that the ambulance corps organization
operated as successfully in the cavalry as in the infantry corps. Secondly, no patients were left on the roadside in the rear of the
advancing forces, and all were provided for in regularly furnished hospitals. Two accidents arose from the magazines of the
Spencer Carbine exploding, from being half filled, while on hot march by concussion ; in one instance the magazine was in
the pouch, in the other in the stock of the carbine. The tin tubes or magazines which contain the fixed ammunition, should
therefore be kept filled ; four inches of play on a hot day may explode them, as evidenced in these two cases. The greatest
energy and assiduity on the part of all the medical officers was observable throughout the campaign."
330 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE.
CCLXXI. Extract from Report of a Medical Inspection of General Grants Army, April
23, 1863. By Medical Inspector E. P. VOLLUM, U. S. Army.
* * * it rpjie amount of medical supplies at Young's Point, Louisiana, the headquarters of the army of Tennessee on
March 24th, was sufficient to meet the wants of ten thousand men in the field for three months, consisting of the usual field supply
assorted in convenient form for ready distribution. Cooking utensils and hospital clothing had recently been exhausted by fitting
up Van Buren general hospital, at Milliken's Bend, where it was intended to accommodate one thousand men. To make up this
deficiency, Assistant Surgeon J. W. Brewer, U. S. A., medical purveyor at Young's Point, had already made a requisition
on the purveyor at Memphis for these articles, and hospital stores generally, for five thousand men, which arrived soon after.
On the 20th of March, Assistant Surgeon Brewer made a requisition on Memphis for assorted supplies for seventy-five thousand
men in the field and five thousand in hospital for three months. Some of these supplies had begun to arrive on the 30th of March.
Surgeon C. Sutherland, U. S. A., informed me that when lie was medical purveyor at Memphis, in the early part of February,
he made a requisition on Medical Storekeeper Creamer, at Saint Louis, for supplies for one hundred and sixty-five thousand men
in the field and ten thousand in hospital, to be delivered at Memphis. Most of these supplies had been shipped from Saint
Louis March 12th, and a cargo of them was landed at Memphis March 20th from the steamer on which I took passage down the
Mississippi. Surgeon Sutherland further informed me that Read & Co., druggists, of Chicago, Illinois, notified him about the
1st of February that they had received orders from Surgeon Satterlee, medical purveyor at New York, to forward to Memphis
medical supplies for one hundred and fifty thousand men in the field for three months. From these facts it will be seen that
there are, in close proximity to the army of the Tennessee, supplies sufficient for the present, and that there will soon be enough
for six months to come. Steamers ply frequently between Young's Point and Memphis, making the round trip in four or five
days, so that in case of loss or destruction of medical property, deficiencies can easily be made up ; and to insure the transportation
of these supplies, a standing order from the headquarters of the army of the Tennessee requires all transports destined for
Young's Point, and touching at Meinphis, to take on any medical supplies put up for the army.
From an examination of the receipts in the medical purveyor's office, Young's Point, it was evident the commands in front of
Vicksburg had, in March, a sufficiency of all kinds of medical supplies for present use. The medical stores at Young's Point,
Louisiana, iu charge of Assistant Surgeon Brewer, are stored on the steamer Des Arc, a vessel pressed into the service for this
purpose. The stores are arranged conveniently in boxes placed on shelves in the cabins or stored in the state-rooms. As supplies
are needed by the commands scattered up and down the river, this steamer plies from point to point distributing them.
At Cairo, Illinois, March 18th, Medical Storekeeper H. Stevens had in store, ready for issue, medical supplies for fifty
thousand men for six months. His establishment was business-like and orderly, and his books showed that his requisitions
were usually filled on the day they were received, or on the following one. Medical Storekeeper Stevens is authorized by his
instructions to keep on hand supplies for fifty thousand men only, and he complains that he has on several occasions had demands
from Memphis for quantities beyond his authority to fill. This cannot happen in future, owing to the abundance of stores at
Meinphis. The purveying establishment at Memphis, under charge of Assistant Surgeon Joseph P. Wright, U. S. A., is by far
the most extensive and important place of the kind in the west. The whole of the department of the Tennessee, now comprising
some one hundred and ten thousand men in the field, besides post hospitals in the towns along the line of railroad leading to
Jackson, Corinth, and La Grange, ten hospitals in operation in Memphis, and those at Helena, Arkansas, is supplied from it.
This establishment occupies four five-story buildings, which are nearly filled. The employes consist of two citizens as clerks,
eleven enlisted men, and five contrabands, as laborers. Stores are constantly arriving and departing, and the place bears the
. appearance of our largest business houses. The amount of hospital clothing and bedding on hand seems large enough for any possible
demand, and includes a proper proportion of gowns, caps, slippers, and socks. Just previous to my arrival at Memphis, April
5th, there had been sent to the field hospitals, and Young's Point, Louisiana, three thousand five hundred bedsacks, three thousand
blankets, two hundred blanket cases, three hundred and seventy-four counterpanes, two thousand hair pillows, four thousand
shirts, and four thousand drawers. The extent of the operations and the importance of the purveying establishment at Memphis
make it a proper place for a medical storekeeper. The one at Cairo could, with advantage to the service, be removed there, and
his place should be supplied by a purveyor. Assistant Surgeon Wright, medical purveyor at Memphis, would prefer a post
where his professional acquirements could be brought to bear, such as the charge of general hospital, Jackson, Tennessee, which
he recently left. The important question arises in this place as to what point is most suitable for a purveying depot for the army
of the Tennessee. Unquestionably while that army occupies its present position, Memphis is the place; but that point being on
debatable ground, and the stores being in constant danger of capture or destruction, a reserve supply should be beyond danger,
and no place seems so convenient to the lines of travel as Cairo ; and until the situation of our armies in the west changes,
I would recommend that supplies for one hundred thousand men be kept there. Preparations are in progress for the destruction
of Memphis by our forces in case of an attack by the enemy, and it is proper that precautions be taken for the safety of the
medical property stored there. The only plan at all feasible is to keep it afloat as in a wharf boat, I may mention that General
Grant is not at all easy about the hospitals and medical property at Memphis. In case of an attack by the rebels they would
embarrass him seriously. I was unable to learn that there had, at any time, been a deficiency of medical supplies in the army
of the Tennessee so as to occasion suffering. During General Sherman's expedition up the Yazoo River, and after his
attack on Vicksburg in the latter part of February, the regular supplies of bedding gave out, but that on the steamers conveying
the troops was quickly turned to uwe instead. In concluding this subject, I will quote General Sherman, who stated, March 15th,
' that the field hospitals of the arrny of the Tennessee an; now admirably supplied with everything that a generous and bountiful
government could or should bestow; and no one deplores more than I do the spirit of falsehood and calumny that harrows the
minds of our people at home, and has led to such anxiety of the medical authorities concerning the condition of our troops.'
Surgeon H. S. Hewitt, U. S. V., while medical director of the army of the Tennessee, March 16th, stated that the amount of
medical supplies now on hand and being received by the medical purveyor ' are sufficient for all exigencies that may arise, and
there can be no cause for complaint, and any person making such complaints may well be suspected of a design to disaffect the
MAP
0 F
YICKSBURC a VICINITY
Plate XIY. oj? p. 331
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR MILLS. (331
people and demoralize the army ;' and 'the sweeping charges that have been made against the medical department of the army are
unjust and malicious, and have originated among designing persons, if not with southern sympathizers.'
Taking into account the field, convalescent, and floating hospitals, hospital steamers, and general hospitals at Memphis,
Cairo, Mound City, Paducah, Evansville, Saint Louis, and at other points further north, there can be no doubt that there is ample
accommodation for the sick of the army of the Tennessee, Instead of a deficiency, I should rather say that many thousands of
beds now ready, or being prepared, would never be occupied, unless that army suffers beyond precedent. I spent a couple of
days among the hospitals in and around Saint Louis, and as medical inspector on duty at that point furnished monthly reports
concerning them, I therefore consider any remarks from me about them at this time superfluous, further than to express my
admiration of their appointments, discipline, tidiness, and general good conditon, in which particulars they compare favorably
with any I have yet seen ; and I am not sure but for the kind of buildings converted to use, stores, hotels, etc., they are the most
complete hospitals I have seen. The hospitals in Memphis are in an incomplete condition." *
CCLXXIL Report of the Medical Director of the Army of the Tennessee from May 1 to July
4, 1863. By Surgeon MADISON MILLS, U. S. Army, Medical Director.
* "I have the honor to forward the following report, with statements of the number wounded in the several
engagements in which the different corps of the army of which I am medical director have participated during the month of May.
In obedience to instructions from the general commanding, I remained at Milliken's Bend, Louisiana, until the army had moved, for
the purpose of providing for the accommodation of the sick and convalescent left behind. A convalescent camp was established
for each corps, under the charge of a medical as well as of a line officer, and the men were sent forward as soon as they were able
to inarch. The sick were transferred to hospitals provided for their reception, which were ample for the emergency. On May 5th
I moved from Milliken's Bend, and May 9th joined the headquarters of General Grant at Rocky Springs, Mississippi. Shortly after
assuming the duties of medical director, in the month of March, I had ordered all medical officers to make quarterly requisitions for
supplies, commencing on April 1st. The system of making special requisitions having prevailed to a great extent in this armv, I
was determined to have the abuse corrected as far as it was in my power to do so, and no special requisitions were allowed to be
made unless for extra issues, and accompanied with a proper certificate, explaining the necessity for the articles called for. My
instructions on this important subject were obeyed fully in the Seventeenth Army Corps, only partially in the Thirteenth, and
almost wholly disregarded in the Fifteenth. My correspondence with the medical director of the latter corps in relation to
this matter has already been forwarded to your office. Owing to the neglect of these corps directors — the Thirteenth and
Fifteenth — to enforce a proper obedience of this important order, and with the determination that the army should not suffer by
their mismanagement, I had abundant supplies forwarded by the medical purveyor from Milliken's Bend at different times, and
placed two assistant surgeons temporarily on duty as acting purveyors, who brought the stores within reach of the army. The
army moved rapidly, and with scanty transportation for a time. Some medical officers failed to carry their supplies, having been
ordered by their commanding officers to leave them and give ammunition the preference; but I know that the commanding general
intended that nothing pertaining to the medical department should be left. This interference on the part of generals commanding
divisions might have resulted in serious trouble to my department, if I had not taken the precaution to hurry up the supplies
before mentioned. The battle of Port Gibson occurred before I joined the army in the field. In this, all the divisions of the
Thirteenth Corps, and one division of the Seventeenth, were engaged. We were successful, and retained possession of the field,
and had, altogether on our side, five hundred and sixty-one men wounded. The medical directors of the two corps organized
temporary hospitals on the field, and subsequently a large mansion was secured for hospital purposes. It was not retained for any
length of time as we did not intend to occupy the country in the vicinity, and the general commanding ordered it to be broken up
and the cases transferred to Grand Gulf, on the Mississippi River. A very excellent location was found here for that purpose.
Our first engagement, after the entire army had crossed the Mississippi River, occurred near Raymond, Mississippi, on May 12th,
in which one division of the Seventeenth Corps (McPherson's) engaged the enemy for several hours, and defeated him. They
were driven off the field, leaving their dead and wounded. Our wounded, numbering two hundred and nineteen, were promptly
attended to in field hospitals, and the next day removed to hospitals in Raymond, only a few miles distant. Medical officers and
supplies were left with them. The wounds received by our men in this engagement were generally severe. The rebels occupied
two buildings in the town with their wounded. On May 14th the city of Jackson, Mississippi, was attacked at two points by
our forces, the Fifteenth (Sherman's) and Seventeenth Corps, and after three hours' fighting the place was captured. The
heaviest fighting was by the Seventeenth Corps, in which we had one hundred and sixty-six men wounded. The Fifteenth Corps
engaged on the right and lost but few, and had only twelve men wounded. McPherson's Corps captured the place. Ample
hospital accommodations were found in the city, and appropriated. The rebels had hospitals established which contained the
wounded unable to escape. Medical and other supplies were readily obtained from the drug stores, and our men were made
as comfortable as possible. Surgeon Hewitt, U. S. V., and three assistants were left to take charge of them. On May 15th
our army moved towards Vicksburg, McPherson's Corps leaving Jackson first, and joined, the next day, with the Thirteenth
Corps, (McClernand's.) General Sherman's corps remained to destroy Confederate property, and moved on the 16th. The battle
of Champion Hills took place on May 16th, in which the Thirteenth and Seventeenth corps engaged the enemy under General
Pemberton. This bloody battle was hotly contested for nine hours, and finally resulted in a complete victory for our arms.
We had one thousand five hundred and sixty-three wounded, who were attended to in three division hospitals organized in such
dwellings as could be conveniently appropriated for the purpose. Our men, with a few exceptions, were removed from the field
the following morning before daylight, and attended to by an efficient coqis of medical officers in the hospitals. Operations,
as a general rule, were well and speedily performed, and the wants of our wounded \\viv provided for as far as circumstances
would permit. Our troops were now getting short of hard-bread, and it was difficult to obtain a sufficiency t'.-r the hospitals.
332 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE.
Beef was plenty and nutritious soups were readily made, together with corn bread, so that our men subsisted fairly enough until a,
full supply of rations were sent to them. Hospitals for the enemy's wounded were also established and attended to by our medical
officers as well as by their own. We also found rebel hospitals on the field which had been established previous to the battle.
They were destitute of provisions as well as medical supplies. I remained on the battle-field three days, and on May 19th had all
cases that could be moved transferred to the front, leaving a sufficient number of medical officers to look after those remaining. On
May 20th five wagon loads of supplies, consisting of medicines, stores, and blankets reached them, and at my suggestion thirty
thousand rations for our wounded there, as well as at Jackson and Raymond, were sent to the rear by a flag of truce, and reached
their destination about May 25th. The battle next in order occurred at Black River Bridge. In this, two divisions of the Thir
teenth Corps participated and had one hundred and sixty -nine men wounded. Dwellings near the field of engagement were used
as division hospitals, and the wounded were satisfactorily cared for. On May 18th the army reached the rear of Vicksburg, and
from that date up to the 23d we had frequent and severe engagements with the enemy. I have had the list of wounded during
these days consolidated in one tabular statement, as on the 24th there was a cessation of hostilities. All those wounded subse
quently are reported in a statement at the end of each week, and the tabulated statements forwarded with this report are complete
up to May 30th. The whole number wounded wras two thousand seven hundred and twenty-seven. Each of the ten divisions of
the army had its own hospital established and conducted in obedience to instructions issued from my office on April 8th. Most of
these were located at farm houses, and were extended by erecting tents or sheds around them. They were well conducted, and
under the charge of efficient medical officers. Abundant supplies were at hand and our communication being opened with the
Yazoo River and Young's Point, transports loaded with medical and subsistence stores were only six miles distant from the centre
of our line. The medical purveyor is abundantly supplied with every necessary article, including dressings, stimulants, hospital
stores, and bedding. Cots and mattresses have been furnished to every hospital on requisition. There is now also an abundant
supply of ice. In addition to these division hospitals, I had a field hospital established for each corps for the treatment of such
cases as wrere too severely wounded to be removed to the general hospitals up the Mississippi. Three hospital transports, the R.
C. Wood, D. A. January, and City of Memphis, have been used in transferring such wounded as were proper cases to be sent to
Memphis, where there are nearly five thousand beds, two thousand of which are yet vacant. All slightly wounded cases were
directed to be kept in camp under charge of their own regimental surgeons. It is the desire of the commanding general that the
sick and wounded of this army should not be removed from his department. The division hospitals in the rear of this place are
generally well selected, being situated on high ridges, healthful in all respects, and beyond the reach of the enemy's fire. I am
satisfied that our wounded improve more rapidly here than elsewhere. Some deaths have occurred by removing the wounded at
too early a period, and I have instructed all division surgeons not to transfer cases that will suffer by being transported. All
proper cases have been sent to the general hospitals at Memphis and none remain except the seriously wounded. I have had
a number of invalids removed to the hospitals at Saint Louis ; these were cases that had been lingering for sevei'al months in the
hospitals at Milliken's Bend, who probably would not have recovered while remaining in this climate. * * I would state, in
conclusion, that a large proportion of our wounded, left from necessity at Raymond, Champion Hills, and Black River, have been
brought forward, and to-day fifty ambulances and a supply train have been sent by flag of truce to these places, and I expect that
nearly all of those remaining will reach this camp to-morrow evening. I inclose tabular statements of wounded in the battles and
skirmishes during the campaign from Milliken's Bend, Louisiana, to the rear of Vicksburg, Mississippi, and during the siege of
Vicksburg to May 30th. Many of the surgeons plead, in excuse for not sending in these statements at an earlier day, that they
were in campaign, marching rapidly, with inadequate means of transporting their baggage, and that the necessary materials for
making these reports could not be taken with them. They claim that since their arrival here a constant siege has been kept up
and that they have been too busy to admit of their doing it. Some of the records have been very carelessly kept and may not be
exactly correct. It is a most difficult task to get correct papers from many of the surgeons of this army.''
»
Consolidated Statement of the Number of Wounded in the Engagements of the Army of the
Tennessee during the Month of May, 1863.
Tort Gibson, Mississippi ".T. Thirteenth Army Corps 513
Seventeenth " 48
Fourteen-Mile Creek, " Fifteenth 9
Raymond " Seventeenth " 219
Jackson " Fifteenth " 12
" Seventeenth " 166
Champion Hills " Thirteenth 956
" Seventeenth " 607
Black River Bridge " Thirteenth " 169
Siege of Vicksburg from May 18th to May 30th Thirteenth 863
.... Fifteenth 1,086
" " . Seventeenth " 778
Total 5,426
Total by corps :
Thirteenth Army Corps 2, 501
Fifteenth " " 1,107
Seventeenth " " .' 1,818
REPORT OF ASSISTANT SURGEON DEGRAW, TJ. S. A. 333
Consolidated Statement of the Number of Wounded in the Engagements of the Army of
the Tennessee from May 1 to June 27, IS 63.
Battle of Port Gibson, Mississippi, May 1st 561
" Fourteen-Mile Creek, Mis'ippi, May 12th 9
" Raymond, Mississippi, May 12th 219
" Jackson, Mississippi, May 14th '' 178
" Champion Hills, Mississippi, May 16th 1, 563
" Black River Bridge, Mis'ippi, May 17th 169
Siege of Vicksburg, for the week ending May 23d 2, 544
" " May 30th 183
" " " June 6th 89
June 13th 85
" " " June 20th :... 116
" " " " June 27th 271
Total 5,987
CCLXXIII. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By
Assistant Surgeon C. S. DE&KAW, U. S. Army.
* * * " In March, 1863, I received orders to report to the general commanding the Department of the Tennessee.
General Grant's headquarters were then at Milliken's Bend, Louisiana. I reached there on April 9th, and was ordered to report
to Surgeon Charles McMillan, U. S. V., medical director of the Fifteenth Corps, for assignment to duty with the 1st battalion, 13th
U. S. Infantry, then in camp at Yotmg's Point, Louisiana, opposite Vicksburg. General Grant was at this time preparing to make
an attack on Vicksburg, and for the purpose of diverting the enemy's attention from important movements then being made
about the end of the month of April, instructed General Sherman with his corps, to make a demonstration against Raines's Bluff.
The battalion took part in this demonstration. Although the troops did not come to any actual engagement with the enemy, they
were for a time under fire from the Raines's Bluff batteries, and conducted themselves admirably. Immediately upon our return
from this expedition to Young's Point, orders were issued transferring us to Milliken's Bend. Here, in the course of a day or
two, we received orders to join the army then in the field, marching upon Vicksburg in the rear. Grand Gulf was in the
possession of our troops. The battle of Port Gibson had been fought and won ; our armies had proved victorious at Raymond and
Jackson ; at Champion Hills a determined stand was made. We did not reach there till near the close of the battle, and were
then ordered in as skirmishers ; but 'the enemy was already on the retreat. The 2d division of the Fifteenth Corps did not
participate in the early part of the engagement, but captured a number of prisoners. The next day the enemy was closely
followed up. Our crossing the Black River at Bridgeport, was delayed by a small force left there by the enemy. We succeeded
after a time in dislodging the enemy, and crossed the same evening, May 17th, by means of a pontoon bridge. Early on the
morning of the 18th we were on the march, reaching Walnut Hills, in the rear of Vicksburg, that afternoon. The battalion was
ordered forward as skirmishers, the enemy's skirmishers falling back. By that evening we were established upon the hills.
On the 19th an assault was ordered to be made at two o'clock P. M. on the enemy's works. The nature of the ground rendered
this task most difficult, being a succession of ravines choked up with brush and trees felled to obstruct our progress ; and all
directly under the fire of the enemy's musketry and artillery. The condition and morale of the 1st brigade, 2d division, was
excellent. Those unable to bear heavy marching had been left at the camp, so that, with few exceptions, the men were in good
fighting condition. The regiments forming our brigade did not average three hundred men each. The 1st battalion went into
action on the 19th about two hundred strong; next morning, eighty-three were reported killed, wounded or missing; a few
of the missing made their appearance during the day. Of the twelve officers seven received marks of bullets. This will show
the earnestness with which the men fought for the possession of Vicksburg. Most of the regiments in the 1st brigade were well
supplied with medical and hospital stores, also with ambulances ; some for want of transportation did not carry hospital tents,
but every thing of this kind was readily supplied, communication being open with the Yazoo River. In the assault of the 19th
the wounded received immediate temporary attention, and were then conveyed by means of ambulances to the division hospital,
distant about a mile. Here the attention rendered was constant. At the hospital, water was readily obtained from cisterns, there
being no wells and very few springs; food and soup were supplied plentifully. The men were exposed from two o'clock i>. M.
till dark to a most deadly fire of both musketry and artillery, mostly at very short range. The principal fire-arm used, was the
smooth-bore musket with buck shot and ball ; though of this I cannot speak with certainty, as I witnessed as many wounds from the
conoidal ball as the other. As early as convenient many of the wounded were transferred by boat to hospitals north. The
principal operations were amputation and resection. I saw no primary amputations on the field. Chloroform was the anaesthetic
employed. I did not observe any deaths from its use. Our own casualties were over sixty, being proportionally greater than
those of the other regiments engaged. The assault of the 19th having failed, another was ordered on the 22d. The battalion
being detached at that time I did not witness the action. This assault also failed. In both assaults our loss was very heavy, but
the confidence of the men remained unshaken. After the failure of the second assault a seige was determined upon, which
terminated in the capitulation of Vicksburg, July 4th. That same evening we received orders to prepare to march next day to
join General Sherman, who was in command of the forces at Black River, watching Johnston. Accordingly on the morning of
'the 5th we marched, and reached Black River on the 6th ; Johnston falling back toward Jackson. We followed him up closely
and arrived in front of Jackson on the 10th. We found the place fortified and Johnston determined to make a stand. \\ n
334 APPENDED DOCUMENTS ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE.
proceeded to invest the place, and on the 17th the enemy evacuated. The casualties of our brigade were very few, not averaging
over two to a regiment. The division hospital had been established about a mile and a half from our rifle pits, and every
preparation made for a large number of wounded; fortunately they were not needed. On the 23d we took up our line of march
back toward Black River for the purpose of going into camp for rest and reconstruction. Reached camp between Vicksburg and
Black River on the 25th."
CCLXXIV. Extracts from the Report of the Chief Medical Officer of KimbaWs Provisional
Division, for June, 1863. By Surgeon J. C. WHITEHILL, U. S. Volunteers.
* * * "I have the honor to report that I have been on duty with this division in the field during the past month. I
left Jackson, Tennessee, on the first of the month, under special orders from Major General Oglesby. On our way down the
Mississippi River, the transport steamer Chancellor having on board the 106th Illinois Infantry, was fired into by guerillas. One
man received a conical ball about four inches from the spine, and below the point of the scapula of the right side, which passed
out through the clavicle of the same side, fracturing it near the middle without wounding the subclavian artery. He died in
about ten minutes. Another received a ball in the same region, which passed up under the scapula and lodged near the
humeral articulation ; it could not be removed. Three others were wounded slightly. While dressing one of the wounded men,
I received three holes through my coat, but escaped injury. Our division disembarked at Satartia, about forty miles from
the mouth of the Yazoo River. A portion of it led by the general himself, immediately pushed forward to Mechanicsburg, about
lour miles distant, where it engaged and defeated a rebel force and destroyed the place. We lost one killed, and had
seventeen wounded. The rebel loss was greater than ours, but was not definitely ascertained ; some of their wounded fell into
our hands and were cared for. We subsequently, under orders from Major General Grant, fell back to Haines's Bluff and thence
to this point. The march from Sartartia was a very severe one ; the weather was very warm and the men suffered severely.
There were many cases of sunstroke, but no deaths from that cause. A captain was killed by the accidental discharge of a gun
in his own hands while removing it from a wagon, and one man was wounded. In consequence of our transfer to a warmer
climate at this season of the year, and the unavoidable encampment of unacclimated troops in a very miasmatic locality, the increase
of sickness was such as to render necessary the organization of a large division hospital, which was placed under the immediate
charge of Surgeon York, of the 54th Illinois Infantry. * * To obviate, as far as possible, the large and rapid increase of disease
among us, every possible effort has been made to improve the sanitary condition of the troops ; the most stringent sanitary orders
have been promulgated and rigidly enforced. I have made frequent visits to the respective camps and given personally, such
instructions and directions as were deemed necessary ; and as an important sanitary measure from which much good has resulted,
I have detailed an officer to the especial duty of inspecting the camps and reporting to these headquarters weekly, as to the
police of the respective camps, the preparation and cooking of their food, and all other matters pertaining to the health of the
command. Since the adoption of this course a marked improvement is perceptible, and I have no doubt a large amount of
sickness is prevented by the more faithful enforcement of hygienic measure. I have approved but six discharge papers, five tenders
of resignation based on surgeon's certificates, and four leaves of absence during the month. ' There have been three thousand and
fifty-two cases prescribed for during the month, being one in 2.48. There have been twenty deaths, three officers and seventeen
enlisted men ; being a mortality of one in 152.6 of the cases treated, and one in 379.95 of the command. The present ratio of
sickness is one in 9.38 of the command. This is a large ratio and is attributable to the very large number of intermittents
consequent, in addition to the causes already stated, to the exposure of new and unacclimated troops to heavy picket duty,
severe marching, and unusually heavy fatigue duty in constructing fortifications. Another prolific source of disease has been
the inferior quality of the water, and the extremely filthy condition in which some of our camp grounds had been left by
former occupants. These combined cause* added largely and rapidly to our sick list, both" of bowel affections and miasmatic
diseases. The former were rapidly amenable to the usual remedies, but the combined testimony of medical officers is that
periodic diseases here require larger doses of quinine than further north. During the latter part of the month a number of cases
of intermittents assumed a pernicious or malignant form of unusual severity. No extraordinary or alarming symptoms
usually mark the inception or progress of this disease, until the fatal collapse sets in, when the attention of the attendant
being arrested by the slightly heaving respiration of his patient, he finds him with feeble pulse, cool skin and inclined to
stupor. If unarrested these symptoms rapidly increase in intensity. An icy coldness prevades the entire surface, which is
covered with a clammy perspiration ; the heart's action grows more feeble until at length it ceases entirely, and the patient,
unconscious of suffering, sinks into the arms of death without a struggle. This disease has proved highly intractable, every
variety of treatment being alike unavailing when the stage of collapse has fairly set in. The first premonition of collapse
should be the signal for the administration of an active mustard emetic, to be followed by very large doses of quinia, combined
with small portions of capsicum, morphia and strychnia, with alcoholic stimulants, and the energetic use of hot frictions,
sinapisms and other revulsives. As in other miasmatic localities all classes of disease assume more or less of the periodic type,
and require medication accordingly, with antiperiodic remedies, prominent among which here as elsewhere, stands the sulphate
of quinia. Our camps thus far in this region of the country have been bordering upon, or in the vicinity of the lowlands of the
Mississippi and Yazoo Rivers ; and so long as we remain in such localities, we must expect miasmatic diseases to abound." * * *
COLXXV. Extract from a Report on the Actions before Jackson, Mississippi, from July 6 to
20, 1 863. By Surgeon CHARLES McMiLLAN, IT. S. V., Medical Director of the Fifteenth Corps.
"I believe the results of operations are very favorable, although all the very severely wounded were brought
the whole distance from Jackson to Big Black River on litters carried ahead of the moving column, and starting before daylight
each morning, so as to make the distance allotted to each day, before the sun became oppressive and the dust began to rise. A
medial officer from each division accompanied the train, with an ambulance containing supplies of nourishment and stimulants,
REPORTS OF SURGEONS READ AND SANGER. 335
and a water cart with a supply of fresh water, renewed whenever practicable, 011 the march. They arrived at our present camp,
near the Big Black River, in good condition, cheerful and hopeful. They have been, retained in their camps for treatment, until
able to be sent home on furlough, transferred to the Invalid Corps, or discharged from service. Amputations have been followed
in most cases by very gratifying results. One case of amputation of the thigh within a half inch of the trochanter, recovered in
a surprisingly short time, and with hardly an unfavorable symptom throughout." * * *
CCLXXYI. Extract from a Report on the Battle of Baton Rouge, Louisiana. By Surgeon
EZRA READ, 21st Indiana Volunteers.
* * * "At the battle of Baton Rouge, August 5, 1862, the 21st Indiana Volunteers went into action with five hundred
and eighty-five men. As the regiment occupied the centre, it was exposed to a constant fire during the action, and for a short
time received a heavy cross fire from the enemy's right flank. No regiment suffered so much in killed and wounded. Twenty-
four men were killed on the field and ninety-seven wounded. Every field officer was killed or wounded. The projectiles from
the enemy's small arms were oblong and inflicted injuries of the most serious character. In anticipation of a renewed attack
the wounded were removed to the general hospitals at New Orleans, before any opportunity was offered to inspect individual
cases. Four of the wounded died befoi-e transportation, two on transport, and several since in general hospital." * * *
CCLXXVIL Extracts from the Reports of the Chief Medical Officer of the 2d Division,
Nineteenth Corps. By Surgeon EUGENE F. SANGER, U. S. Volunteers.
* * * " General T. W. Sherman and staff left New Orleans for the vicinity of Port Hudson, May 21, 1863. Port Hudson
was completely invested May 24th, and the assault was made on the 27th. The action commenced at six hundred yards with a
murderous fire of mini6 balls, grape, and canister, and approached within one hundred yards. Total killed, sixty-one; total
wounded, four hundred and twenty-five. Number of amputations, thirty: leg, two; thigh, three; arm, nine; fore-arm, one;
fingers, fourteen, and toes, one. In many instances spiculse of bone were removed, and an effort to save limbs was attempted
where comminution wras not too great; but all our wounded being sent to Baton Rouge the result cannot be determined at present.
I am satisfied that too many limbs are amputated, and if greater efforts were put forth in constructing good roads and easy
transportation from the division hospitals to landing places, and comfortable and well-ventilated general hospitals, the ratio of
deaths would be smaller and the percentage of amputations much less. The distance from the battle-field to division hospital
was two and a half miles, over rough roads with poor ambulances. Distance from division hospital to Springfield Landing,
eight miles, and thence to Baton Rouge by boat, eighteen miles. * * June 30th, the division still lay before Port Hudson.
General Sherman was wounded through the right leg, comminuting the tibia below the tuberosity, and producing transverse
fracture of the fibula, caused by small gr*ape shot. Resected the tibia, leaving the lower spur, which was not cracked from the
distal end of the fractured tibia, attached to overlap and meet the proximal end of the fracture. The leg was amputated,
however, at New Orleans. Total number of killed and wounded during the month of June: killed, twenty-one; wounded,
two hundred and eighty-three; total, three hundred and four. Killed and wounded during the assault of the 13th and 14th of
June : killed, eighteen ; wounded, two hundred and three ; total, two hundred and twenty-one. Number of troops engaged on the
14th, about three thousand; distance from four to five hundred yards. Nature of missiles, conical balls, grape, and canister.
Number of amputations, forty; of resections, five. Amputations: thigh, four; leg, one; arm, two ; fore-arm, one ; shoulder, one ;
fingers and metacarpal bones, thirty ; toes, one. Resections : shaft of humerus, one ; humerus at distal end, three ; ulna and radius,
one. Resections are all doing well. No indications of erysipelas supervened in the case of those operations which were retained
in my division hospital. Some cases of compound comminuted fracture of the thigh were saved, and did well as long as we could
retain them in division hospital. I saw two of them at Baton Rouge some three weeks afterward, and they were doing well. I
observed at Baton Rouge several cases of erysipelas among the wounded.
The following is the result of a hasty examination of the wounded at Baton Rouge on the 21st of June, from the battles
of the 27th of May and 14th of June. Amputations: thigh, primary, twenty-six cases, seven deaths; secondary, four cases,
three deaths. Leg, primary, one case; secondary, five cases, two deaths. Arm, primary, twenty-three cases, one death;
secondary, three cases. Fore-arm, primary, four cases. Shoulder, three cases, one death. Resections : shoulder, two cases,
doing poorly; elbow, two cases, one death, (amputated;) knee, one case, one death; tibia, one case. Compound fractures:
thigh, four cases, two doing fair; leg, four cases, one doing fair; arm, one case; radius, one case. Ligation of arteries: femoral,
four cases, three deaths ; carotid, two cases, one death ; brachial, one case ; erysipelas, ten cases."
CCLXXV1II. Extracts from the Report of the Medical Director of the Nineteenth Corps, for
April, 1864. By Surgeon EUGENE F. SANGER, U. S. Volunteers.
* * * " Shortly after leaving Natchitoches we entered the yellow pine woods of upper Louisiana, and skirmishing became
almost constant. April 7th, three miles beyond Pleasant Hill our cavalry became engaged with the enemy, in a little opening in
the pine woods bordering on a small bayou. The country was hilly, thickly covered with pine trees, and the clearings small and
infrequent. The consequence was that the firing was at short range, and the wounds were very severe and fatal. The cavalry
loss was ten killed, and forty-seven wounded. This engagement is known as Wilson's Farm. I took the wounded back to
Pleasant Hill, furnished them with rations, medical supplies, and a medical officer ; and the entire force advanced early in the
morning, leaving the wounded. April 8th, the battle of Sabine Cross Roads was fought at about five o'clock p. M., seventeen miles
from Pleasant Hill, and about two and a half miles from Mansfield. This battle was also fought in a little opening in the
336 APPENDED DOCUMENTS DEPARTMENT .OF THE GULF.
woods, at short range with minie balls. I had just organized a division field hospital when the rout of the cavalry division
and Thirteenth Corps became complete, and I was obliged to abandon the hospital. A portion of the wounded were rescued.
Twenty ambulances were captured, and eight medical officers of the Thirteenth Corps either captured or left with the wounded.
There were two hundred and ten wounded left in the hands of the enemy. The 1st division, Nineteenth Corps, checked the
pursuit of the enemy, and repelled his charges with terrible slaughter. Night closed the scene, both armies resting on their
arms within speaking distance. I immediately organized a division field hospital for the Nineteenth Corps, and every exertion
was made by the medical officers to collect our wounded in the thick woods and darkness, with a limited number of ambulances —
most of the ambulances being blocked up in the rear, by the stampeded mass of wagons, artillery, infantry and cavalry. Our
forces retired at twelve o'clock. One surgeon was captured asleep, and one was left with thirty-eight wounded of the Nineteenth
Corps, for whom we did not have transportation on our retreat to Pleasant Hill, about fifteen miles. Loss: cavalry, thirty-five
killed ; one hundred and seventy-four wounded. Thirteenth Corps, forty-three killed ; two hundred and seventy-seven wounded.
Nineteenth Corps, unknown. Arrived at Pleasant Hill at six o'clock A. M. Immediate orders were issued to send all transporta
tion to Grand Ecore, forty miles in the rear. All my wounded were sent, leaving the Nineteenth Corps with only three ambulances.
The battle of Pleasant Hill was fought on the 9th of April at five o'clock 'p. M., one division of the Nineteenth Corps, and two
divisions of the Sixteenth Corps being engaged. The battle ground was a large open field of three or four hundred acres, on an
elevated piece of ground forming a beautiful plateau, completely surrounded with woods. A few houses and shops on the hill ;
no water excepting a few wells. The soil in this entire region is poor, being clay largely mixed with sand. We repulsed the
enemy at dark, and night only stopped our pursuit. I organized a large hospital in three or four of the largest dwellings on the
hill, for the Nineteenth Corps. All the buildings were badly exposed to fire during a portion of the engagement, when two brigades
broke and the enemy came upon our centre, in direct range of the hospital. One shell went through the main building, and
numerous balls struck the house. Immediately after the battle was over, I obtained permission to send for my medical stores ; but
by a change of plans and orders, I discovered at six o'clock A. M. of the 10th, after a hard night's labor with the wounded, that the
infantry had retreated during the night, and a small squadron of cavalry was guarding the rear immediately in front of my
hospitals. I had no other alternative than to put a medical officer in charge, leave him a very meagre supply of medicines and
follow the infantry, then five miles distant. The Sixteenth Corps left two medical officers. Both of our hospitals were very
poorly supplied with food, and the ordinary comforts for the wounded. We lost in all in the two days' fight thirteen medical
officers, nine captured and four left to attend to the wounded. Abandoned at Pleasant Hill two hundred and ninety-six wounded.
Total number of wounded left at Mansfield and Pleasant Hill, four hundred and ninety-nine. Total number of killed and
wounded on the second day, 9th of April : 1st division, Nineteenth Corps, seventy-one killed ; four hundred and eleven wounded.
Total killed and wrounded in the two corps and cavalry divisions on the 7th, 8th and 9th : killed, one hundred and sixty-one ;
wounded, nine hundred and ten. Arrived at Grand Ecore about noon April llth, and on the 12th I obtained permission to
take two loads of medical and hospital stores to our wounded at Pleasant Hill, under a flag of truce. I found them very kindly
treated, but suffering for medicines, bedding and hospital stores; all of which I was able to supply. I found Surgeon Yandell,
medical director of the trans-Mississippi Department, disposed to do every thing in his power, he also promised that all the
medical officers should be allowed to return within our lines as soon as I conscientiously thought they could be spared. General
Taylor in his communication to General Banks, expressed a willingness to parole all our wounded as soon as they could travel.
On the 14th of Api-il, I sent four loads of supplies and clothing to our wounded. They allowed one of our captured medical
officers to come to our lines, but would not allow another medical officer to enter their lines. Since that time I have not heard
from our wounded, as we commenced our retreat from Grand Ecore April 21st. I found that a medical officer in the Confederate
army had possessed himself of a case of instruments left with one of the medical officers who remained after the first day's fight,
by my orders. I reported the fact to Surgeon Yandell, and he promised it should be returned. I fortunately took an operating
case with me when I visited Pleasant Hill, and received a written guarantee from the medical director that it should not be
taken. On the 23d of April, the enemy attacked us both in rear and front at Cane Eiver Crossing. The enemy held the ford,
commanding it with cannon mounted on bluffs and hills densely covered with forests. Two divisions forded two miles above, and
by a heroic charge through the woods and over a precipitous hill, carried the position. Our loss was : 1st division, Nineteenth
Corps, killed, sixteen ; wounded, one hundred and twelve. 2d division, Nineteenth Corps, killed, unknown ; wounded, twenty-
four. All the wounded had to be picked up during the night under great difficulties, and either brought across the river in
ambulances by fording, or on pontoon boats lent us for the purpose. By six o'clock A. M. I had them all dressed, most of the
badly wounded operated upon ; and at eight o'clock A. M. I had all in ambulances and started for Alexandria, forty miles distant.
Arrived at Alexasdria April 25th, about noon, and by dark had all provided with hospital accommodations. The wounded
were sent to Baton Rouge and New Orleans as fast as boats could be obtained. The casualties may be summed up as follows :
April 7th, Cavalry killed, 10 wounded, 47
April 8th and 9th, Cavalry " 35 " 174
April 23d, Cavalry « 2 « 21
April 8th, 3d division, Thirteenth Corps ' " 24 " 110
April 8th, 4th division, Thirteenth Corps " 19 " 167
April 8th and 9th, 1st division, Nineteenth Corps " 71 " 411
Aoril 23d, 1st division, Nineteenth Corps ! " 10 '' 112
April 23<1, 2d division, Nineteenth Corps " unknown " 24
" 177 " 1,0(56
Probable loss of Sixteenth Corps " 79 " 550
" 25G " 1,616
REPORTS OF SURGEONS ABADIE AND WILLIS. 337
I send you this hasty synopsis, having been most of the time chief medical officer in the field, and all the time medical
director of the Nineteenth and Thirteenth Corps, and cavalry division. The campaign has been a laborious one, our troops having
marched more than four hundred miles in forty days, and fought three hard battles. The troops have stood it remarkably well,
and although reduced in flesh, are in good spirits and ready to meet the enemy. Before we left Franklin, March 16th, I had a
medical purveyor appointed, and obtained six wagons for the medical supplies, which accompanied us through the entire march.
The wisdom of this plan was almost providential, for although we had reason to presume that the regiments would take ample
supplies, and our water communication with Alexandria and Grand Ecore would afford every facility for obtaining everything,
repeated delays and unforseen accidents on the river, and our frequent absence from the river for days at a time, together with the
fact that all the important battles were fought forty miles from water communication, would otherwise have entailed upon our
wounded soldiers a large amount of misery and suffering. Our wounded received every comfort and attention which it was
possible for a retreating army to give. The number of operations was not large, many cases proving fatal before they could be
operated upon, on account of the severity of their wounds. I enjoined upon all the surgeons under my charge the importance of
resections in gunshot wounds of the upper extremity. Although many do not agree with me, I can hardly believe there is any
excuse for a failure in resections of the elbow-joint, provided the patient has a fair constitution and can receive careful treatment
in a not too crowded hospital, where ventilation is properly attended to. : I have had equally good success in resections of
the hand. All operations give the surgeons of hospitals great care and trouble ; and there is to be found in every department a
very large number of surgeons who disapprove of resections, if we except selected cases of the shoulder. In the hand I find any
single bone of the carpus, or portions of the metacarpal bones, with one or more of the carpal bones, can be resected with almost
uniform success leaving useful hands, provided the operator is able to cut cleanly and neatly, not making extensive openings,
carefully avoiding arteries and nerves, and dissecting out each bone by closely shaving the bones themselves. I have collected
a large number of specimens of resections of the elbow and shoulder, some of which I propose to forward to the Museum as soon
as I have time to select them. The classified return of wounds and injuries received in action is nearly complete, and will be
forwarded through the regular channel. The campaign has been most trying, and constantly retreating as we have done with
considerable loss of baggage, papers are slow in coming in, and in many instances have been made out a second time." * * *
CCLXXIX. Extracts from the Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the
Army of the Military Division of West Mississippi, during the Campaign against Mobile,
Alabama. By Surgeon E. II. ABADIE, U. S. Army, Medical Director.
"This army, commanded by Major General Canby, and consisting of the Thirteenth and Sixteenth Corps, after
consolidating at Danley's Mills on Fish River, Alabama, some twelve miles up from the bay of its name, broke up camp March
25th for a place called Deer Park, ten miles toward Blakely, and had some skirmishing with the enemy until near the camp
ground, giving the few casualties reported. On the 26th, sharp skirmishing was resumed on leaving camp, continuing more or
less toward Sibley's Mills on Rock Creek, some eight or ten miles from Deer Park, near which the army encamped. More
casualties occurred this day, mostly in a brigade of the Thirteenth Corps marching on a road nearer the bay. Monday the 27th,
the army marched directly upon Spanish Fort and its outworks to invest them. On our approach toward their fortifications a
considerable engagement took place, giving us a large number of wounded. Since that day the army has regularly besieged
these works, and the casualties have gradually diminished as the troops have strengthened and fortified their position.
After the 31st of March the operations of this "army were actively directed to the complete investment of Spanish Fort, and ot
the works at Blakely, some six miles from the fort, the first week producing comparatively few casualties, notwithstanding the
well-directed fire of heavy artillery and musketry of the entrenched enemy. Early on the morning of the 8th, we met with
more losses from a sortie made by the troops at Blakely, attempting to dislodge a portion of General Garrard's command from
their left. At about eight o'clock the same evening, after a general bombardment of some two hours duration, General Carr
leading a portion of his division of the Sixteenth Corps, made a lodgment in the right of the rebel works, which led to the
abandonment of their fortifications by the enemy, and our taking them with some seven hundred prisoners and about forty-six
pieces of artillery. Early on the 9th, the headquarters moved on toward Blakely, the army before Spanish Fort having preceded
us at daylight. At about five o'clock, a general assault on the Blakely rebel works was made. General Hawkins's colored division
on the extreme right, General Andrews's division, of the Thirteenth Corps, (of General Steele's command,) in the centre, and
General Garrard's 2d division, Sixteenth Corps, on the left. The attack being simultaneous and rapid, our troops soon gallantly
entered the works, capturing about four thousand prisoners, among whom were Generals Liddel, Thomas, and Cockrell, also
fifty-six pieces of ordnance. The possession of these works and Spanish Fort, led to the abandonment, on the night of the
llth, of batteries Tracy and Huger, protecting the entrance of the channel and Tensaw River, as also Mobile which was
abandoned and taken possession of by our own troops, the Thirteenth Corps, commanded by General Granger on the morning of
the 12th."
CCLXXX. Extract from the Report of the Chief Medical Officer of the Forces Operating
from Pensacola -Bay against- Blakely, Alabama. By Surgeon P. A. WILLIS, 83d Ohio.
* * * "Agreeably to orders, I forward the following report of this command in the recent campaign from Pensacola,
including the march from that point to Blakely and the operations for the reduction of the latter place. The command, consisting
of Brigadier General C. C. Andrew's division of tin- Thirteenth Corps. Brigadier General .1. P. Hawkin's division of U. S. colored
troops, and Brigadier General Lucas's brigade of cavalry, numbering in all about twelve thousand men, moved from Pensacola,
Florida, on the 20th ot March, 1865. The command was in an excellent sanitary condition, having left all the sick and disabled
43
338 APPENDED DOCUMENTS DEPARTMENT OF THE GULF.
in hospital at Barrancas, and having been well fed and clothed in anticipation of the campaign. The morale of the men
was of the first order; each regiment trying to stand at the head of the list for efficiency and good discipline. The command
was supplied with the full amount of medical stores, hospital tents and ambulances allowed by the existing orders, and all in good
condition, except the ambulance train of General Hawkins's division, which was hardly serviceable. On the first day's march
from Pensacola it began to rain and continued, almost without intermission, for forty-eight hours, rendering the roads almost
impassable. The condition of the men during this long rain-stoim was miserable in the extreme, as they were unable to dry
their clothino- during the time, and, owing to the flat condition of the ground, could not find a dry place to sleep or rest.
But little sickness resulted from this exposure, and the spirit of the troops was not depressed in the least. After this the roads
had to be corduroved for many miles, and while half the command was engaged in laying it the other half was assisting the
artillery and wagon trains. On the 25th we reached the vicinity of Bluff Springs, where we found Brigadier General Clanton
with a small force prepared to oppose our further progress. Brigadier General Lucas, commanding the cavalry forces,
ordered the 2d Louisiana Cavalry to charge, which it did in fine style, killing several and capturing General Clanton with one
hundred and forty men. General Clanton was wounded through the body and left with the other wounded of his command in a
small house near the battle-field. Dr. Grigsley, surgeon C. S. A., with a sufficient number of attendants, was left to care for
the wounded. Our casualties were slight, only two being killed and a few wounded, who were taken with the command in
ambulances. On the 20th the whole command was put on one-fourth rations and large details were employed each day in laying
corduroy bridges, while others assisted in extracting artillery and wagons from the mud. In many places the trains had to
be moved entirely by the men, since it was utterly impossible for the animals to get through. On the 30th we reached Stockton,
where we found large quantities of corn and a grist-mill and the command halted twenty-four hours in order that a supply of
meal might be obtained. On the 1st of April we arrived in the vicinity of Blakely, having marched one hundred and twenty
miles over the worst of roads ; many estimating that thirty miles of corduroy bridge had been built. For several days the troops
were on one-fourth rations, were working every day as well as marching for days without dry clothing, and yet there was
scarcely any sickness, nearly every man being able to take his place in the ranks when the advance was made. Field hospitals
were established in the rear of the centre of each division ; the corps of operators reported promptly and everything was made
ready to care for the wounded. The hospitals had to be moved several times on account of the shells from the rebel gunboats
reaching so far to the rear, but finally safe positions were secured; that for General Andrews's division near Mr. O. Sibley's
house, and that for General Hawkins's division near the house of Mr. Wilson, on the Stockton road. The ambulances were
stationed in localities which were easy of access from the several regiments, and the wounded were promptly removed from the field
to the ambulance stations on hand-litters. General Hawkins's division suffered severely on the 1st, 2d, and 3d from shells thrown
from the rebel gunboats, but after these were driven off the daily list of casualties was small until the evening of April 9th, when
the works were carried by assault, and hundreds of wounded were carried to the hospital. Finding the hospital accommodations
in General Andrews's division inadequate, I had the wounded removed to the house of Mr. O. Sibley, where there was plenty
of shelter and excellent water in abundance. By ten o'clock P, M. all the wounded had been removed from the field and before
morning every man had received attention. The wounded were not exposed to wet or rain at any time and the changes of atmos
phere proved of no detriment to them. The supplies of food, water, stimulants, and medical stores were abundant, and no case of
Buffering came under my notice from neglect or scarcity of supplies. The wounded were removed in ambulances to the steamship
Saint Mary at the landing below Spanish Fort and shipped from that point to the general hospitals at New Orleans. Most
of the wounded from General Andrews's division were shipped on the 12th, and the remainder with those from General
Hawkins's, on the 13th of April. A sufficient number of medical officers and attendants were sent to care for the wounded.
The several medical officers belonging to the command have done their duty nobly and well ; laboring under the many difficulties
of an active campaign, they did all within their power to ameliorate the condition of the wounded." *
CCLXXXI. Extract from the .Report of the Medical Director of the Thirteenth Army Corps
for the Campaign. against Mobile. By Surgeon C. B. WHITE, U. S. Volunteers, Medical
Director.
"The campaign of the Thirteenth Corps, from Fort Morgan to its position in the rear of Spanish Fort, was
very laborious. Much of the ground over which the corps passed was of quicksand covered by sod. This sod, once broken
through, horses and wagons sank to such a depth that the assistance of troops was necessary to extricate them. The men
worked in rain and mud for several days, till firm ground was reached and good weather prevailed, dragging wagons and
artillery through by hand and 'in constructing many miles of corduroy. This immense labor was performed with energy,
alacrity, and in high spirits. Rest for thirty-six hours wag afforded at Fish River, and though but partially recovered from
their fatigue, the soldiers moved again with cheerful promptitude. The morale of the corps was admirable. Many of the
regiments had belonged to the corps previous to its suspension. All were of more than two years service and had ordinarily
been successful in battle. Most had fought in the same battles, so that a considerable degree of esprit du corps was manifest.
The scorbutic taint, existing in some regiments, had nearly disappeared; the troops were of robust, full habit, showing high
health. The supply of ambulances, of hospital tents, and hospital wagons was in accordance with orders No. 24, head
quarters of the Division of West Mississippi. Regimental officers were instructed to keep medical supplies for thirty days
constantly on hand. Each division hospital carried as large a supply of the articles usually required by the exigencies of battle
as the amount of transportation would permit. At the siege of Spanish Fort, the troops of the corps were disposed in ravines
and under the crest of hills, at distances from the fort varying from six hundred to eight hundred yards. The skirmish line
was daily pressed forward and the working parties pushed in behind it. Until the soldiers covered themselves by bomb-proofs,
REPORTS OF SURGEONS WHITE AND THOM. 339
the wounds were principally from solid shot and shell. After the construction of covers and the pushing of skirmishers near the
fort, the number and proportion of casualties from artillery fire greatly decreased. The wounds received in the rifle pits and on
the skirmish line were usually from ball ; those in the trenches were nearly equally divided between musket and cannon shot. In
the course of the siege several casualties occurred from the explosion of torpedoes buried at the crossing of the creek which
passed through our lines and, after the occupation of the fort, from those which were placed around it near the abattis and in the
roads leading to the fort. The litters and litter-bearers were kept with the main line of troops where medical officers were
always on duty. Those wounded in the trenches and at this reserve line were immediately carried off. Those wounded, and the
bodies of those killed, at the skirmish line were left until dark and then brought off. The fire from the rebel rifle pits prevented
any one from reaching th.e skirmish line, or from returning from it, except at night. After the first three days' operations
against Spanish Fort, those killed on the field were buried in division burying grounds and the graves properly marked. At
the suggestion of medical officers, immediately upon the closing in of the troops around the fort, sinks were dug and attention
paid to those sanitary precautions which might serve in the case of a long siege, to prevent or delay the appearance of those
disorders which so frequently occur in the camps of beseiging troops. The division ambulance trains were kept with their
respective divisions, and a sufficient number of ambulances were stationed as near the camps as they could find shelter from the
enemy's fire which swept every hill and many of the ravines. The wounded were conveyed by ambulances from the field to the
division hospitals which, at first situated in the rear of the line, were afterwards pitched upon a hill on the extreme left, on the
road to Starke's Landing, where they were transferred to steamer. This was a point not more than two and a half miles from any
portion of the line and in the vicinity of a plantation house, surrounded by trees, with water of excellent quality and an abundance
of fuel. Bunks were made and filled with fine straw for the accommodation of the wounded, and when hay was received at
Starke's Landing it was furnished to the hospitals by the quartermaster, upon requisition, but arrived too late to be of service at
this point. The division wagons furnished the hospitals an ample supply of beef extract, condensed milk, and stimulants. The
wounded 'did not endure any exposure to wet, cold, or heat, that was of long duration or sufficient to cause suffering. Rain fell
heavily three days, but those wounded on the skirmish line, though remaining on the field until night, were protected by the
rubber blankets of their comrades. The wounded were moved from the division hospital to transports for transfer to New Orleans,
within two to four days after the injuries were received. They were accompanied by medical officers, cooks, and nurses, and
furnished with medical and hospital supplies and rations, under orders from Surgeon E. H. Abadie, medical director. At the
time of the assault on Blakely, I was absent at Starke's Landing, paying attention to the transfer of wounded to transports, and
having no notification of the intended action, did not provide for the necessities of the field. I am informed that three hours' delay
occurred in removing some of the wounded of this corps from the field. The next morning I found all the wounded of the 1st
and 2d divisions, who participated in the assault, gathered into division hospitals; in the 1st 'division all necessary operations
performed, and in the 2d division all but one. The 2d division hospital was not in a creditable condition, but it is impossible
for a surgeon in charge, in advance, to judge unerringly of the comparative executive ability of the various surgeons newly
placed under his direction. Those wounded at this assault were sent to New Orleans, by way of Starke's Landing, thirty-six
hours afterward; medical officers accompanied them, a surgeon-in-charge, an assistant to each fifty patients, and one nurse to each
fifteen patients. Rations also, and medical and hospital supplies for three days, were sent with them. Hay was drawn by
requisition on the quartermaster's department, and a liberal amount placed in the ambulances which transferred the severe cases,
and in the six division wagons which carried the sick and slightly wounded, for whom the ambulance accommodation was
insufficient. The wounds received in this assault, it is believed, were principally from musketry fire. The proportion of
amputations to the number of wounded at Spanish Fort was large, as the majority of wounds during the first days of the siege
were from explosion of shell."
CCLXXXIL Extract from the Iteport of the Medical Director of the Sixteenth Corps for the
Campaign against Mobile. By Surgeon W. H. THOM, U. S. V., Medical Director.
* * * "This command was organized into a corps at New Orleans on or about the 21st of February, 1865. It comprises
forty regiments divided into three divisions, chiefly western troops, with one regiment from New York and one from New Jersey ;
nearly all have been in active service for two years or more. Their morale was excellent and their sanitary condition good. Each
regiment was furnished with a pannier, or a portablable medicine chest, which was kept filled by timely requisitions on the
division supply contained in one Perot's medical wagons, and several six-mule teams for each division. The ambulance corps was
organized according to law, and a division field hospital established at the rate of one tent to a regiment. We left New Orleans on
transports about the 12th of March and after a short stay on Dauphin Island, sailed across Mobile Bay and up Fish River to
Danley's Landing, where we debarked. Thence three days' short marches through the pines brought us, on the 27th of March,
to the vicinity of Spanish Fort, against which we immediately commenced siege operations, while one division operated against
the defences at Blakely. Spanish Fort was taken by storm on the 8th and Blakely in the same manner on the 9th of April, up to
which period our men were constantly subjected to fatigue duty in the trenches. The weather during this whole period was
fine, neither too hot nor too cold, with very little ruin. Water and supplies were abundant and good, and the general health
of the command preserved its usual average. During the siege, all men who were wounded were conveyed on stretchers
or carried by hand to the medical depot in the rear of the trenches, whence, after the proper attention, they were transferred to
the division field hospital, further in the rear, where the proper amount of water and shelter could be obtained. Each division
hospital was capable of accommodating two hundred men, and was provided with bunks, bedsacks or leaves, on which the
wounded were placed. The wounded were transferred almost daily by steamer to the general hospitals at New Orleans, and at
no time were the field hospitals crowded. Medical and hospital supplies were sufficient, and provisions furnished in reasonable
quantities. There wore the usual varieties of gunshot and shell wounds. But tew of the wounded died in the hospital, and the
whole number treated in the Held hospitals wa.s about five hundred."
APPENDED DOCUMENTS BATTLE OF PEA EIDGE.
CCLXXXIII. Extracts from a Report on the Operations of the Medical Department during
the Battle of Pea Ridge. By Surgeon D. S. McGuGiN, 3d Iowa Cavalry.
* * * "On the morning of February 7, 1862, I left Benton Barracks to join my regiment at Rolla, Missouri. Four
days after my arrival AVC received orders to move, and proceeded by way of Lebanon to Camp Halleck, at the Osage Springs,
Arkansas, where the headquarters of the army of General Curtis Avere established. Two divisions of his army were in this
vicinity, the other two at Cross Hollows and Elm Springs. I found, on reaching Camp Halleck, that Surgeon W. C. Otterson had
arrived the day before. It was ascertained that the army was entirely destitute of medical supplies, and it was determined that
Surgeon Otterson should at once proceed to St. Louis to procure them. * Upon farther examination I found that the rapidity
of the movements of the army in reaching this point, the condition of the roads, the inclemency of the Aveather, and the
insufficient commissary supplies, had much exhausted the men ; yet they were comparatively healthy, there being but very few cases
of serious illness among them. They were compelled, in part, to subsist upon the little that Avas left in the country by the enemy,
a large force of which, 'under McCullough, had occupied and almost devastated it during the previous nine months. The
inhabitants had, in a majority of instances, suddenly departed before the advance of our army, and left behind them everything
for which they had not the means of conveyance. Small lots of wheat, corn, oats, hay and straw were found in their abandoned
dwellings, barns and fields, which were taken for our men and horses. Our commissary trains from Eolla were sometimes
waylaid and seized by squads of the enemy, so that very little reached us. Thus we were compelled to subsist, each day rapidly
diminishing the supplies until the 6th of March, which was the first day of the battle; the initiative being on the right with
General Siegel's division, which was surrounded by a strong force of the enemy near Bentonville, but after a sharp engagement
he succeeded in cutting his way through and came into camp on Sugar Creek, where General Curtis was massing his forces to
meet the enemy. It was very manifest that the attack made upon General Siegel's division would be followed immediately by a
general engagement. It was expected that the enemy would approach by .the valley of Sugar Creek, which was from a quarter
to a half mile in width, and therefore batteries were erected upon the elevated bluffs or hills which bordered upon it. But the
enemy who was well acquainted with the topography of the country and the direction of the roads, avoided the approach by
the valley of the creek ; and determined to surround our army, placing himself upon the road to Cassville so as to prevent
our retreat in that direction. On the morning of the 7th of March he showed himself in strong force at Elkhorn Tavern,
upon the road leading along the spine of Pea Eidge, the direction of which is north-west and south-east. Our forces were
displayed along the bluffs overlooking the valley, but as soon as it was found that the enemy had appeared in our rear, the front
was changed. Before proceeding further it is proper that I should state that the 1st and 2d divisions were commanded by
Generals Siegel and Asboth, the 3d by Colonel Davis, and the 4th by Colonel Carr. There were besides, two or three independent
detachments. The whole force according to the report of General Curtis, did not exceed in cavalry and infantry, twelve thousand
and ninety-five men, with fifty pieces of artillery, four of which were mountain howitzers. The enemy had not less than forty
thousand men, with seventy pieces of artillery. : * It was very clear that the surgeons would soon be called upon for the
exercise of all their powers. There was however no medical head, for Surgeon Otterson had not yet returned. Morever the
medical supplies for which he had gone to St. Louis, had not yet arrived. * * From the valley of Sugar Creek the road
proceeds north-west, at right angles from the stream. The bluffer hill bordering upon it, rises abruptly to a considerable height,
until it reaches the apex. For some distance, say half a mile or more, the surface declines either way into deep fissures or
ravines. A little further on it widens out, and for the distance of half or three-fourths of a mile the surface is more even and
uniform, with fields on the right and left until very near the Elkhorn Tavern. On the Avest side of the road and behind the
tavern is an. abrupt elevation, Avith a high rocky face looking back toAvard the creek, and facing the fields on the left side of the
road. To the left and Avest of this there is a deep ravine or gorge, after passing Avhich and upon a ridge of equal height with the
one on which the road is located, LeetoAvn is situated. It consists of some fifteen or tAventy houses, frame and log, and but one
story in height. North-west of this there are fields Avith Avoodland intervening, and extending out in this direction for some distance.
Three-fourths of a mile from this village Avas the centre of our extended line, and also that of the enemy. At this point and
simultaneously at Elkhorn Tavern on the main road, the battle Avas reneAved early on the morning of the 7th. A charge Avas
made by a portion of our cavalry and a battery of light artillery, Avho Avere repulsed with considerable loss and a portion of the
battery Avas taken by the enemy. The cavalry Avere pursued by mounted Indians and Texan cavalry armed Avith a formidable
Aveapon, a short, heavy, and sharp sabre, made from heavy saw-mill files by their OAvn mechanics. One bloAV with this rude
Aveapon Avouhl crash in through the integument, bony structure, and into the brain, or make deep gashes upon the body. Our forces
however rallied and drove the enemy. Before the enemy's cavalry sallied out upon our forces, their infantry concealed in the
underbrush, fired a volley from squirrel and shot guns of all calibre, killing and Avounding many. Before the battle began our
cavalry had moved to our centre through Leetown to take position. I ordered out two ambulances, and Avith surgical appliances
accompanied by an assistant, proceeded after them as speedily as possible. Before arriving at the village the rapid discharge of
cannon and small arms proclaimed the beginning of the conflict. On the Avay and Avhile ascending the hill from the deep ravine,
before reaching Leetown, Ave Avere met by about forty horses in the Avildest and most furious stampede, with saddles, blankets
and other cavalry equipments in disorder. These belonged to the cavalry who had been unhorsed by ball and sabre in the charge.
At Leetown I AVUS soon engaged with Surgeon D. W. Young, 36th Illinois, and several other medical officers in attending
the wounded, in a .building formerly occupied as a small store. It Avas one story and a half high, about thirty feet long, and
twenty feet Avide. Hospital tents Avero erected upon the grounds around, and the wounded Avere brought in more rapidly than
there was room for their reception. This building Avould accommodate only about thirty-five patients, yet it had a greater
capacity than any other building in the village. In some Avere the Avounded of the enemy only, in others Avere both friends and
foes, Avhile others Avere occupied by our own men exclusively. In all, the AvindoAVS Avere few and very small, admitting little
Ight and an insufficiency of air, even when the sash frames Avere entirely removed. * * The Avounded lay upon their blankets
or on the naked floors. Water Avas scarce, and those Avho had lost largely of blood, suffered for Avant of it. The Avounds Avere
mainly produced by rifle balls and by the sabre already described. A number were killed by one stroke of this weapon, and I
REPORTS OF SURGEONS McGUQIN AND IIUBBARD. 341
saw several who had been severely wounded by it. The gunshot wounds were mainly produced by the ordinary squirrel rifle,
while a few were from cannon ball. . The cavalry were wounded more frequently in the upper part of the trunk or the face, upon
the head and superior extremities. The corps of surgeons was not sufficient for the number of wounded. The wounded of my own
regiment, to the number of seventeen, were collected and placed in our regimental hospital tent. The afternoon of Friday the
7th was spent by me at the hospitals near the main road, which consisted of two one-story log houses, one of which had two
apartments, and the other but one. There was neither kitchen nor out-house to either of them. These were nearer the right,
where the battle raged most fiercely the afternoon of that day, than those at Leetown ; and to these and other hospitals even
nearer the field, the wounded were brought in the afternoon and evening. These houses accommodated but few, and were
objectionable on account of insufficient light and ventilation. Hospital tents were erected upon the grounds around. In some of
these the rebel wounded who had been taken prisoners were placed, and one of their surgeons who had been taken prisoner was
assigned to them. The wounds in a large majority of these cases were of a serious character. They were produced by cannon
ball, grape and the conoidal ball. Several regiments of the enemy were armed with a heavy rifle known as the Mississippi rifle.
This was a formidable \yeapon, and at short range would produce severe and unsightly wounds. They were mainly upon the
lower extremities. Flap amputations were preferred by most of the surgeons. A number were performed on the thigh ; one at
the upper third was performed by myself. Several amputations at the lower third were necessitated by the mangled condition
of bones and soft parts below the knee. Many wounds were produced by small rifles or squiri'el guns. These were usually
on the trunk and upper extremities. There was a deficiency of pure water at these hospitals also, and we were forced to bring it
in casks from the creek, half a mile distant. All the houses within three miles of the field were taken for hospitals. Some
of these sheltered both our own wounded and those of the enemy. In one I found both white men and Indians. * * Most of
these houses wrere but one story high, and but one consisted of more than two rooms ; all were badly lighted and poorly ventilated.
They contained but few of the ordinary domestic appliances, and were wholly wanting in the usual necessaries found in more
settled regions. The surgeons were compelled to rely upon their own limited resources for dressings, bandages and other
appliances. Owing to the number of wounded and the limited supply of hospital tents, these small houses and cabins were mucli
overcrowded, and the want of dry straw was an additional cause of discomfort to the wounded. The deficiency of medical and
hospital supplies caused great embarrassment to the medical corps. : * Friday night the two armies lay upon their arms ;
but the surgeons, where they were fortunate enough to procure light, proceeded with their work, and few, if any, of them slept.
Next morning the battle was renewed, and continued until about eleven o'clock A. M., when the enemy gave- way. Our
killed and wounded were not as numerous as the day previous; but the character of the wounds were as serious, most of them
having been received at short range. The wounded received prompt attention, and by noon all were cared for as far as our
limited appliances would permit. The number of the enemy's surgeons was small, and it was feared that much suffering among
his wounded would result. General Curtis therefore expressed the wish that such of our surgeons as could be spared should assist
them in caring for their wounded. ' The next day our wounded were ordered to be removed to Cassville, and the work
was begun with the ambulances and wagons. The distance was about twenty miles, and the road passing through a broken
country, was rough and uneven. It required three or four days to complete this task. Although all prudent care was observed .
in their removal, yet there was more or less suffering experienced by them in their transit, as I was afterward informed. Surgeon
Benjamin J. Newland, of the 22d Indiana Volunteers, was placed in charge at Cassville, and as soon as all the wounded were
sent forward, the army moved to Camp Stevens, two miles distant, upon Sugar Creek. * ' In this engagement we had thirteen
officers and one hundred and ninety privates killed, and fifty-two officers and nine hundred and sixteen men wounded. Total,
two hundred and three killed, and nine hundred and sixty-eight wounded."
CCLXXXiV. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services on the Medical Staff. By
Surgeon GEORGE H. HUBBARD, U. S. Volunteers.
" Late in October, 1862, I was ordered to report to General Schofield, commanding the army of the Frontier, and
was on duty as director of that army corps from November?, 18G2, to Februarys, 1863, when I was relieved and assigned to duty
as director of the district of south-west Missouri. Nothing of importance occurred till the battle of Prairie Grove, Arkansas,
December 7, 1862. The 1st division of the army of the Frontier was under the direction of Surgeon J. E. Quidor, U. S. V.,
until some time after the battle; the 2d and 3d divisions, numbering about seven thousand men, were under my medical direction.
They marched about ninety-five miles after Thursday morning, December 4th, and went into action, without resting, at noon of
Sunday, December 7th. They were of course very much fatigued, but in the highest moral condition. Many of the regiments
had been in service for more than a year without having been in action, and all made the march stimulated with the prospect of
an engagement, and it may be stated that every man physically or morally incapable failed to reach the field. Supplies of medical
and hospital stores were abundant. J3y my express order each regiment marched with sixty days' supply of all essential articles,
and I took with me an abundance of everything needed after an engagement. Ambulances were plenty and were promptly
at hand when wanted. The hospital tents of the regiments were with the train, but were not needed for the use of the wounded,
as an abundance of small buildings were at hand to receive those of them who needed protection, but the mildness of the weather
was such that there was no suffering from exposure. The battle-field was Crawford's Prairie, bounded on the east by Illinois
Creek, which was easily fordable for ambulances and by stepping stones for men on foot. The medical officers were stationed
near this ford, thus enabling them to examine each man as he came off the field. The ambulances took all who could not walk
from this place to the small buildings in the rear. As this point was little exposed to the fire of the enemy, though in immediate
proximity to the field, the promptest attention was paid to the wounded without accident to medical officers or ambulances. The
battle ceased at dark, and the ambulances immediately went over the whole field bringing away every man not previously
removed, so that before morning every wounded man had been placed in a comfortable situation and properly attended to.
Water was abundant and pure; but little food except hard bread was to be obtained till Monday, when soups were prepared for
342 APPENDED DOCUMENTS OPEEATIONS IN ARKANSAS.
all. I will here remark that I believe more harm is done from too much food and too free use of stimulants with wounded men
than from the want of an adequate supply. I believe that many lives were lost after the battle from this cause, while I have no
reason to believe that any one died from a want of these articles. Most of the wounds were received during charges upon
batteries, in very close conflict, and from arms of various character, from the Enfield rifle to the double-barrelled shot gun ; but
the majority were caused by the conoidal ball with a wooden plug, made at Birmingham, and the range being so short, most of
the balls passed entirely through, causing lacerated wounds of a terrible character. On Monday I ordered all the wounded to be
sent to Fayetteville, ten miles distant, as fast as possible, where I proceeded to establish a general hospital, to which all were
conveyed within three days. Primary amputations were performed as fast as it was possible to reach the cases ; but the number
wounded in so short a time rendered it impossible, with the limited number of medical officers, to prevent too great delay in many
cases. The earlier the operations were performed the better the results. Chloroform was the anaesthetic with no accidents from
its use. In the 2d and 3d divisions one hundred and fifty were killed and six hundred and four were wounded. I remained at
Fayetteville six weeks after the battle. About the 25th of December the general hospital was placed in charge of Surgeon Ira
Kussell, U. S. V., and I afterwards had little more than a nominal direction of its affairs." *
CCLXXXY. Extract from a Report on the Operations of the Medical Department during
the Battle of Prairie Grove, Arkansas. By Surgeon IK A KUSSELL, U. S. Volunteers.
* * * " The battle of Prairie Grove, Arkansas, was fought December 7, 1862, by the combined forces of Generals
Herron and Blunt against the rebel army under General Hindman. General Blunt, with a force of several thousand men, had
been, for a few days previous to the fight, at Cane Hill. Constant skirmishing had been going on, and the day before the
battle his pickets had been withdrawn to the eastern side of the Boston Mountains. Expecting an attack, orders had been issued
to General Herron, then nearly one hundred and six miles distant, to join him at once by forced marches. General Herron, with
his entire force, left his camps near Twin Springs on the 4th of December, and early on the morning of the 7th his cavalry arrived
at Illinois Creek, near the battle-field, while his infantry was on the road stretching back as far as Fayetteville, distant ten miles.
The 7th Missouri Cavalry held the advance while the 1st Arkansas (Union) Cavalry was at breakfast in its rear and near
the creek. Suddenly, about seven o'clock A. M., a portion of the 7th Cavalry came dashing through the latter regiment, thereby
creating a panic. Indeed it wTas afterwards reported that men from both regiments continued their retreat as far as Elkhorn
Tavern, thirty-five miles away. About one hundred of the 7th Missouri Cavalry were taken prisoners. Both regiments then
successfully resisted the approach of "the enemy's cavalry. Later in the day, the infantry began to arrive on the field, and at
about ten o'clock A. M. by cutting roads, artillery was got into position and opened fire for the purpose of feeling the enemy.
After a cannonade of an hour or more, firing ceased. About two o'clock P. M. General Herron's remaining troops having come up,
the lines were formed, the artillery again opened and the battle began. General Herron's command, which bore the brunt of the
battle and sustained the heaviest loss, consisted of the 19th and 20th Iowa, 37th and 94th Illinois, 20th Wisconsin, 26th Indiana
Infantry regiments, 7th Missouri, a part of the 8th Missouri, the 1st Arkansas, and a body-guard of the 1st Missouri Cavalry,
a company of the 1st Missouri Light Artillery, Murphy's and Peoria batteries, probably amounting in all, as they went into battle,
to three thousand five hundred or four thousand men and eighteen pieces of artillery. The 19th Iowa, leaving camp with over
eight hundred men, went into battle with four hundred and forty-five. The battle-field was an extensive series of improved
farms, skirted on the east by abrupt hills covered with heavy timber. The battle consisted of desperate attempts to take the
batteries of the enemy posted on the hills. The 19th Iowa and 20th Wisconsin suffered principally in their charges up the hill and
into an orchard which was inclosed on three sides by the enemy in great force. Within a space of two acres two hundred men of
these regiments fell. During this time General Blunt, at Cane Hill, eight miles away and in the rear of the enemy, heard the
firing, and at once started off his trains, pushing his troops through to General Herron by a country road. At four o'clock p. M.
he rushed in on the right flank of the enemy, taking him by surprise, as a brigade had been left behind to attract his attention.
At once the fight became an artillery duel. The most desperate attempts were made by the enemy to take our batteries, but
were everywhere repulsed. As the sun descended and twilight came on, it became apparent to the enemy that it was necessary
to retreat. The retreat began at ten o'clock p. M. and continued all night, being completed during the next forenoon. Our total
force engaged, as per official report of General Blunt, was seven thousand men, with twenty-eight pieces of artillery. On the rebel
side there were at least five brigadier generals under General Hindman. General Blunt estimated the force of the enemy at twenty-
eight thousand men with forty-five pieces of artillery. Probably twenty thousand men would be nearer the truth. The Federal
loss was one thousand one hundred and forty-eight ; being one hundred and fifty-four killed, eight hundred wounded, about fifty
missing, and one hundred and fifty taken prisoners. The 20th Wisconsin lost two hundred and seventeen men, killed, wounded,
and missing. The loss of the enemy was estimated by General Blunt to be three thousand. The rebels acknowledged a loss
of one thousand six hundred killed and wounded. Such is a brief military history of the battle. The total number of wounded,
so far as known, was six hundred and thirty-nine, of whom seventy-five have died.
The morale of the troops of General Herron's command, although reduced by a very severe forced march of three days
through a country abounding in small streams, without bridges, was nevertheless very good. General Blunt's forces were in still
better condition to withstand the fatigue of battle. All the troops displayed great heroism, pluck, and energy. The troops of
the enemy were armed with Enfield rifles, Austrian muskets, shot guns, and a few squirrel rifles. Most of the severer wounds
were caused by conical balls ; but the nearness of the contending forces at times gave to round balls nearly the same penetrating
and crushing effect. I saw conical balls of three sizes ; grape, round shot, round musket bullets of at least two sizes, and
buckshot. The medical staff consisted of Surgeon Quidor, U. S. V., medical director of the army of the Frontier ; Surgeon
Hubbard, medical director of General Herron's command, and the various regimental officers. At the commencement of the battle,
Surgeon Hubbard ordered Surgeon Harvey, 19th Iowa Volunteers, to occupy a house two or three miles from the battle-field for
a temporary hospital. This was out of range, though an occasional shot passed near. Hither the slightly wounded repaired,
while during the evening, night, and next morning the ambulances brought up the more severely injured. Surgeon Bruner, 7th
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR SMITH. 343
Missouri Cavalry, a fine officer, was taken prisoner early in the day and labored among the enemy's wounded, performing several
operations. Most of the wounds he saw were very severe. Surgeon Harvey performed several operations in his field hospital,
but owing to the lack of medical stores of every description, and there being but little room, it was decided to delay all operations
until the establishment of a general hospital. Fayetteville offered the only accommodations for this purpose, and thither the
removal of the wounded at once commenced. They were conveyed ten miles in ambulances and army wagons. By the 10th all
but fhe slight cases treated in regimental hospitals had been placed in two churches, a masonic hall, a seminary, a school room,
and three private residences. On the 9th of December I was ordered from Saint Louis to Fayetteville, accompanied by Surgeon
H. S. Churchman, U. S. V., and Acting Assistant Surgeon S. D. Carpenter, now Surgeon U. S. V. We arrived on the 20th, and
on the 21st a general hospital was established by order of the commanding general, and I was assigned to the charge of it, and
afterwards to the medical directorship of the district."
CCLXXXVI. Extracts from the Sanitary Reports of the Department of Arkansas for 1863,
1864, and 1865. By Surgeon J. R. SMITH, U. S. Army, Medical Director.
"During the latter part of July, 1863, preparations were commenced at Helena, on the Mississippi River, with
a view to the capture of Little Rock, the capital of Arkansas, the headquarters of Major General Price, and the centre of rebel
operations west of the Mississippi. Major General Steele, U. S. V., was assigned .to the command of the troops organizing for
that purpose ; and the army of Arkansas, as it was termed, marched from Helena on the 15th of August. Records showing
the exact numerical strength of the army are wanting. It was however composed as follows : 1st division, consisting of cavalry
under Brigadier General Davidson, numbering about seven thousand men. The regiments comprising this division I am unable
to ascertain. 2d division, consisting of infantry and composed of the following regiments : 18th, 43d, 54th, 61st, 106th, and 126th
Illinois, 12th Michigan, 22d Ohio, 27th Wisconsin, 40th Iowa, and 3d Minnesota, under command of Colonel W. E. McLean, of
the 43d Indiana. 3d division consisting of the following infantry regiments : 29th, 33d, and 36th Iowa, 43d Indiana, 28th
Wisconsin, and 77th Ohio, under command of Colonel S. A. Rice, of the 33d Iowa. There was, besides, a separate cavalry brigade,
consisting of the 5th Kansas, and 1st Indiana Cavalry, under command of Colonel Powell Clayton, of the 5th Kansas Cavalry,
and four batteries of artillery. Surgeon J. C. Whitehill, U. S. V., the only staff-surgeon accompanying this army, was assigned
by General Steele as acting medical director. Surgeon E. P. Smith, of the 7th Missouri Cavalry, was appointed surgeon-in-chief
to the 1st division; Surgeon H. M. Starkloff, of the 43d Illinois Infantry, to the 2d division ; and Surgeon S. H. Sawyers, of the
36th Iowa Infantry, to the 3d division. On the 9th of August a hospital and convalescent camp was established at Helena, under
Surgeon S. York, 54th Illinois Infantry, for the reception of such sick of the army as were unable to accompany its march.
No records are in the department showing the number of men sent to this camp, On the 17th of August, the expedition reached
Clarendon, on the White River, whence most of the sick were sent back to Helena by steamboat ; a few were placed in temporary
hospitals established at Clarendon. August 24th, the army of Arkansas was at Duvall's Bluff, on the White River, and from
this point the sick were sent by water, to the Memphis hospitals. On the 28th, a temporary hospital was established at Duvall's
Bluff; and on September 1st and 2d; the army again moved toward Little Rock, reaching the small village of Brownsville the
next day, where another temporary hospital was established. Slowly the army moved forward, its progress impeded by frequent
skirmishes, until Septembr 10th, when Little Rock was captured. Little Rock had been well fortified to resist our approach, and
was garrisoned by an army under Major General Price, reported to be twenty thousand strong. General Steele, however, did not
attack the fortifications in front, but crossing a portion of his army to the southern bank of the Arkansas River, seven miles below
the city, he flanked the enemy and drove him out of his works. During the whole expedition, including fights at Little Rock, and at
Bayou Metoe bridge, between Duvall's Bluff and Little Rock, the number of killed and wounded on our side, was one hundred and
sixty-three. These figures I obtain from General Steele, as no records on the subject are to be found in the office of the medical
director of the army. Arrived at Little Rock September 10th ; a hospital was organized September 17th, in the buildings previously
used as such by the rebels. These consisted of a large brick structure called St. John's College, as its name imports, originally
intended for educational purposes ; and cut up into rooms illy ventilated and otherwise unadapted for a hospital. On each side of this
building had been erected a long wooden structure, one story in height; and at the further extremity of each of these, and running
backward at right angles thereto, two long wooden buildings had been constructed, each of two stories, and each story constituting
a separate ward. Within the parallelogram of three sides thus formed, were situated kitchen, mess-room and other out-buildings,
with privies in the rear. The wooden wards of the hospital had a door &t each end, and side windows, without other means of
ventilation. In addition to the above, a large room in the building erected and used by the Government before the war for an arsenal,
was also turned into a sick ward. A number of sick and wounded under charge of three medical officers, had been left in this hospital
by the Confederates when they retreated. Such of these as were in proper condition, were at once sent to the military prison
hospital established at the State Penitentiary, Avhere they were placed in charge of a Confederate assistant surgeon, named
Rutherford. The remainder were left where they were, to be treated with the sick of our own army. This hospital was placed
under charge of Surgeon E. A. Clark, of the 8th Missouri Cavalry. September 22d, orders were issued breaking up the
hospital at Duvall's Bluff, and sending to Memphis all patients not likely to be fit for duty within sixty days; and on the 8th of
October, orders were issued to break up the hospital at Brownsville, its inmates and supplies being sent to Little Rock. The
number of sick during the march from Helena to Little Rock, I have no means of ascertaining. The troops were without tents,
and a large portion of their march was through swamps and marshes. The concurrent testimony of many medical and other officers
of the expedition, with whom I have conversed on the subject, is, that the percentage of sick and mortality was' unusually
great. * * On the 10th of October, in obedience to orders, I reported to General Steele in person, and was at once announced by him
as medical director of the army of Arkansas. The army was constituted as before mentioned, with the addition of reinforcements
sufficient to bring its strength to about nineteen thousand men. This number is estimated and only approximate, but as near .as
I can ascertain. The main army occupied Little Rock, detachments being stationed along the line of the railroad from Little
344 APPENDED DOCUMENTS OPERATIONS IN ARKANSAS.
Rock to Duvall's Bluff; at this latter place on White River, at Lewisburg and Pine Bluff on the Arkansas, at Benton to the
south and on the Saline River. The regiments were deficient in medical supplies, which were procured from Memphis on
requisition made by regimental medical officers ; and only after long and vexations delays. The allowance of the supply-table,
beino- insufficient for this climate, especially in the important article of antiperiodics, deficiencies were supplied by requisitions
ordinarily made out, only when the deficiency really existed. Hence, during the period which must elapse between sending
requisitions to a distant point and the return of the medicines asked for, the commands were without the articles required. 'One
general hospital was in operation as before described ; the surgeon in charge was absent, having been ordered north after hospital
supplies, and the hospital itself was in a sad condition as regards police, discipline, ventilation and supplies. Vacancies existed in
the ranks of regimental medical officers, some being absent from their regiments, and in other cases appointments having never been
made. Of the officers present some were manifestly unfit for their places, though the majority were competent and industrious,
as was well proved by the hard labor performed by them during the ensuing summer. A purveyor was at once appointed for
the army of Arkansas, and requisitions forwarded to Memphis, both from regiments for articles of which they had present need,
and from the purveyor, for an ample supply to be stored for issue at Little Rock. Specific instructions were issued to the surgeon
in charge of the general hospital for the improvement of its condition, and for its future management. Efforts were made to
secure the return of all medical officers absent, and to procure the appointment of others to fill all existing vacancies. A board
of medical officers was appointed in obedience to General Order 35, War Department, 1861, before which a number of surgeons
and assistant surgeons were brought, and by whose action those who were found incompetent or inefficient, were dismissed from
service. Medical boards were also organized at various places, before which were summoned for examination all applicants
for sick leave or furlough, and all subjects for discharge on surgeon's certificate of disability. Proper steps were taken for the
organization of an ambulance corps, and no effort was spared to place the medical service in perfect uniformity with that of the
eastern armies. I have already stated that I am unable to give any figures as to the amount of sickness in the army of Arkansas
prior to October, 1863. The first consolidated report of sick and wounded to which I can refer, is for October 21st, and according
to this the number of sick was as follows : in general hospital at Little Rock, four hundred and sixty-four ; in regimental hospital,
two hundred and thirty -nine ; in quarters, nine hundred and fifty-one. Total, one thousand six hundred and fifty -four. Aggre
gate of army present, nineteen thousand. Percentage of sick, 8.70. The most sickly poi-tion of the season was now however
past, and the health of the army began to improve as shown by the following statistics : November 10th, sick in general hospital,
three hundred and forty-six ; in regimental hospital, two hundred and fifty-eight ; in quarters, nine hundred and seven. Total,
one thousand five hundred and eleven. . Aggregate strength of army present, twenty thousand. Percentage of sick, 7.55.
November 30th : sick in general hospital, three hundred and fourteen ; in regimental hospital, two hundred ; in quarters, six
hundred and six. Total, one thousand one hundred and twenty. Aggregate of army present, twenty-two thousand one hundred
and fifty- three. Percentage of sick, 5.05. December 16th : sick in general hospital, two hundred and fifty- three ; in regimental
hospital, two hundred and four ; in quarters, seven hundred and forty-four. Total, one thousand two hundred and one. Aggre
gate of army present, twenty-two thousand one hundred and fifty-three. Percentage of sick, 5.42. December 31st : sick in
general hospital, two hundred and eighty-six ; in regimental hospital, two hundred and twenty-eight ; in quarters, eight hundred
and six. Total, one thousand three hundred and twenty. Aggregate of army present, twenty-two thousand one hundred and
thirty-seven. Percentage of sick, 5.96. These tables do not include the large numbers sent to Helena, Memphis, and northern
hospitals during August and September; a number I am unable to state, but which was doubtless large. During the months
to which these tables refer, the army had been far from idle. Numerous scouts and raids had been sent in every direction,
resulting in constant skirmishes ; quarters were built, consisting of huts, generally rude but comfortable, These were not
uniform, but were built according to the taste or wishes of the regimental commanders, holding from four to twelve men each,
and averaging about two hundred and thirty cubic feet to each inmate. Fortifications were also erected by the labor of the troops,
at the different places occupied by them, and none of them were idle. The morale of the troops was always excellent, and they
were confident in themselves and their commander. Their sanitary condition, bad during the early period of the campaign, soon
improved after the close of active operations. Medical and hospital supplies were deficient from the organization of the
army until the 21st of December, when abundant supplies were received by the purveyor, and were issued to the regiments
as needed. During the march from Helena to Little Rock, the army was without tents ; after the capture of Little Rock,
tents were furnished or huts built, so that the shelter was at least comfortable. The supply of ambulances was sufficient.
They were distributed among the brigades by Surgeon Whitehill before leaving Helena. The sick and wounded were carried by
ambulances to the temporary hospitals in the rear, or to steamboats on White River, which transported them to Helena or
Memphis. Complaint was rife as to their care before reaching the boats, but no facts on the subject have come to my
knowledge. During the early months of the expedition, the prevailing diseases were zymotic. Intermittent and remittent, and
typho-malarial fevers constituted most of them. Piseases of this class diminished in frequency, rapidly in October and subsequent
months, and were replaced by local diseases, conspicuous among which were inflammatory diseases of the respiratory organs and
of the eye. Rheumatism also now made its appearance. The monthly reports of sick and wounded from the regiments and
hospitals in this army were generally promptly forwarded to the Surgeon General, and to these I must refer for full particulars
as to the prevailing diseases, and their mortality. * *
January, 1864, was ushered in by very cold weather ; the thermometer fell as low as 12° below zero ; the Arkansas
river froze over so that trains crossed upon the ice. Advantage was taken of this circumstance to procure ice for the coming
summer; wagons and a detail ef men were furnished by order of General Steele; an ice house situated in the town was taken
possession of, and the working party at the pond whence the ice was procured and at the house where it was stored was placed
under the immediate charge of Lieutenant F. Sommer, assistant engineer of the department, under whose direction more than two
hundred tons of ice were housed. The severe weather was of short duration, or more would have been secured. This ice was
the main supply of the hospitals during the year 1864. Some was purchased at Pine Bluff, Fort Smith, and Duvall's Bluff; the
latter came to grief: it was loaded in railroad cars and started for Little Rock. That very day the nomadic Shelby made a
raid, tearing up the railroad between Duvall's Bluff and Little Rock, and the ice melted in the cars. * *
REPORT OF MEDICAL DIRECTOR SMITH 345
Late in 1863 the small-pox made its appeai-ance at Little Rock. The first case occurred in the person of a negro barber,
who, having been exposed to the contagion in Memphis, moved to this place where the disease appeared. It slowly spread, at
first among the contrabands, next among white citizens, and finally among the soldiers. Early in January, 1864, I established a
hospital for eruptive diseases in connection with the general hospital in this city and situated about a quarter of a mile from the
nearest house or camp. Here all cases of the disease occurring in the vicinity of Little Rock were treated ; vaccine virus had
already been procured. * * In January, 1864, I was ordered to Washington and was absent from the department from the
29th of January to May llth. During my absence a large expedition moved hence, southward, under General Steele for
co-operation with General Banks. General Steele was attacked by the enemy who had a large preponderance of force, and, after
a desperate battle at Jenkin's Ferry, made good his retreat, though almost surrounded by Confederate forces, and arrived at
Little Rock in safety, having lost largely in men and material of war.
Upon my return to the duties of medical director, I found no reports on file relating to this period, but I find a letter from
Surgeon J. C. Whitehill, U. S. V., dated May 11, 1864, reporting to the Surgeon General as follows : 'Herewith I transmit you,
in duplicate, classified returns of wounds and injuries received in the various actions that occurred during the recent expedition to
Camden from this place ; a detailed account of the expedition has, I am informed, been furnished you by Surgeon Hubbard,
U. S. V., who was the medical director in the field.' To these returns and reports I refer you for information of which I am
ignorant. I called, however, for some reports of the expedition to Camden from medical officers, which reports are herewith
transmitted. The wounded from General Steele's expedition had, at the date of my return, just been received and placed in hospital ;
a few at Fine Bluff, but the greater part at Little Rock. At the latter place three private dwellings had been seized at the request
of Surgeon Whitehill for the reception of the sick. Neither churches, hotels, or other public buildings had been taken for the purpose ;
the buildings seized, like all private houses, were unfit for the reception of the sick, and I immediately caused hospital tents to be
erected around the general hospital, and on the 28th of May ordered the evacuation of private houses, the patients being transferred
to the tents. In the ill ventilated private houses, erysipelas appeared, and delayed convalescence from wounds was the rule. All
my experience during this war convinces me that during the warm season of the year hospital tents are far preferable for hospital
purposes to any buildings not specially erected and prepared for the reception of the wounded. The majority of the wounded
received furloughs at this time and started for their homes. A number of wounded of our army in the actions of Mark's Mills
and Jenkin's Ferry were left in the hands of the enemy upon the retreat of the army. Surgeons were left in charge of them,
whose reports have already been transmitted to the office of the Surgeon General. These wounded received such provisions and
medicines as the limited means of the rebels would permit. These, however, were soon exhausted, when permission was granted
by the rebel authorities for supplies to be sent from our lines. I accordingly caused ample stores of medicines, food, and clothing
to be prepared, which were forwarded by flag of truce in charge of one of our own medical officers, who was permitted by the
officer in command of the Confederate forces to distribute the supplies himself to those of our wounded in need, to whose comfort
I believe they were scrupulously devoted. '
In the latter part of August it was reported by our scouts that unusual activity was manifested by the rebels to our south,
and soon after it was reported that they were massing upon the Saline River, with a view to an attack on Little Rock or Pine
Bluff. Due preparations were made to receive them at either place. Our army scattered through the department, was ample to
hold the more important and fortified posts, but was not sufficiently concentrated to assume the offensive. General Steele soon
became satisfied that the object of General Price was to cross the Arkansas River somewhere between Little Rock and Fort
Smith and make a raid into Missouri; demands were, therefore, at once made by him for reinforcements sufficient to enable the
army to assume an offensive attitude, to pursue and chastise the rebel army. In the meantime, Price crossed the Arkansas River
at Dardanelle with his army, consisting of about fourteen thousand men, mostly mounted, and seventeen or eighteen pieces of
artillery. The Arkansas River was low and presented no obstacle, being easily forded. Driving in our little outpost at Lewis-
burg, occupied by the 3d Arkansas Cavalry, Price passed northward into Missouri. At the abandonment of Lewisburg no stores
were lost ; the sick and appurtenances of the post hospital, with the other stores, being brought in safety to this place. Early in
September, but just too late to intercept the raiders, reinforcements arrived at Duvall's Bluff; consisting of a portion of the
Seventeenth Corps, numbering between fifteen and sixteen hundred men, and the 1st division of the Sixteenth Corps, under
command of Major General Mower, numbering not quite five thousand men. The sick of these two commands numbered six
hundred and forty-four. General Mower with his division pushed speedily forward in pursuit of Price, and did not again return to
this department. Such of his sick as needed hospital treatment were sent to the general hospital ; for the remainder a convalescent
camp was established, and they were, shortly, all transferred to the convalescent camp of their own division, established at Memphis.
Such medicines as were needed by General Mower's command were issued by the purveyor here. Of the subsequent history of
this division you will have received reports through other channels. Early in November all the available cavalry forces of the
department were assembled and sent up the Arkansas River to Dardanelle, in the endeavor to cut off Price in his retreat. This
latter general, however, found it more convenient to retreat through the Indian Territory, fording the Arkansas River with such
forces as could be kept together between Fort Smith and Fort Gibson. In connection with the raid of Price, a feint was made by
the rebels as if to attack Fort Smith, in whose vicinity they appeared several thousand strong. They attacked the 12th regiment
of colored troops about twelve miles west of Fort Smith, killing two and wounding thirteen. Among the killed was Surgeon
C. J. Lee, llth U. S. colored troops. The only other military operation worthy of mention during the year, was as follows :
In June, Shelby with a force of Confederate troops assembled in northern Arkansas and southern Missouri, marched to Clarendon
on the White River, attacked a gunboat lying there, surprising it early in the morning with a battery commanding it from the
shore, captured the gunboat and sunk it. A command of about three thousand men was immediately sent in pursuit under
General Can-, which overtook the rebels near Pikeville, attacked and drove them off, pursuing them some miles and recapturing
the artillery taken by them from the gunboat. Our loss was thirteen killed and two wounded. The expedition then returned.
In August, an expedition of four thousand men under General West, marched to Augusta on White River, hoping to surprise a
force of Confederates said to be in that vicinity. High water, however, prevented the crossing of White River, and the expedition
returned without fighting.
44
346 APPENDED DOCUMENTS BATTLE OF VALVEEDE.
During the year 1865, the Department of Arkansas was the scene of no considerable military operations. The surrender ot
the Confederate forces under General Kirby Smith, speedily followed the sin-render of the eastern armies. Our own troops had
been, previous to the above named event, much reduced in numbers by transfer to distant departments, and during the latter part of
the year their number was still further reduced by muster out, to about eight thousand men. * * No battles took place in the
department during the year. In the latter part of January, an expedition was sent to the south-east from Little Rock, consisting
of the 25th Ohio Battery, the 1st Iowa and 1st Missouri Cavalry, the 43d Illinois Infantry, and the 1st brigade, 1st division
Seventh Corps, under command of Brevet Major General E. A. Carr. This expedition was sent out in conjunction with, and to
draw attention from, an expedition sent by General Canby, for the purpose of releasing our prisoners confined at Tyler, Texas.
General Carr met witk no enemy and returned in a few weeks. In April a movement was planned by Major General Pope, to
start southward from Fort Gibson, Indian Territory. The necessary preparations were made therefor, medical and other supplies
duly obtained, and Major General Blunt ordered to Fort Gibson to command the cavalry of the expedition ; the whole to be under
command of Major General Reynolds. In consequence of the surrender of the southern armies, the movement was rendered
unnecessary. No other movements of military importance took place in this department during the year; the movements being
confined to changes of station of the different regiments to supply the places of regiments mustered out, or otherwise meet the
exigencies of the service."
CCLXXXVII. Extract from a Report on the Operations of the Medical Department at the
Battle of Valverde, New Mexico. By Surgeon BASIL NORKIS, IT. S. Army.
"The battle of Valverde was fought February 21, 1862; fifty-six men were killed and one hundred and forty-six
were sent from the field to the hospitals at Fort Craig. The action commenced about nine o'clock A. M. and continued until four
o'clock P. M. The battle-ground was about five miles from the fort, our troops having forded the river to engage the enemy. All
the medical officers accompanied their respective columns; Acting Assistant Surgeon W. M. Belt, U. S. A., having been previously
detailed as Post Surgeon, remained in garrison. Near the hour of eleven o'clock A. M. I left the depot of ambulances and,
accompanied by Assistant Surgeon J. H. Bill, U. S. A., in charge of eight severely wounded men, proceeded to Fort Craig to
prepare an operating room and open our hospitals. Assistant Surgeon J. H. Bill had collected the wounded here mentioned with
commendable zeal and activity. Assistant Surgeon B. A. Clements, U. S. A., Surgeon J. M. Whitlock, 1st New Mexico Volunteers,
Assistant Surgeon J. H. Shout, 1st New Mexico Volunteers, Assistant Surgeon S. Eankin, 2d New Mexico Volunteers, and Acting
Assistant Surgeon E. A. Arnold, U. S. A., continued on the field with instructions to forward the wounded to hospitals.
Immediately on my arrival at the post, assisted by Assistant Surgeon J. H. Bill and Acting Assistant Surgeon W. M. Belt, U. S.
A., I amputated at the upper third of the thigh for round-shot fracture of the femur. At this time I received a note from Assistant
Surgeon B. A. Clements, U. S. A., acting medical director on the field, informing me that twenty-two wounded men were in
ambulances, and that at least eight additional wagons were required. By the prompt assistance of Captain W. A. Van Vliet, A.
Q. M., the necessary transportation Avas rapidly sent forward, and also a large supply of blankets and bedsacks placed at my
disposal. Ordnance Sergeant Jones and the clerks and other employes of the quartermaster's department voluntarily placed
themselves under my command and rendered valuable service by preparing beds, and in arranging for and assisting the wounded.
Wounded men continued to arrive throughout the day and until two o'clock at night ; some of them had fallen in the river, or were
helped by their companions through the water and were brought in thoroughly wet and chilled. Large fires were made in all the
hospitals and every attention was given to providing for their comfort. On the following morning, in addition to the garrison
hospital, four temporary hospitals were established and the following medical officers placed in charge : Assistant Surgeon B. A.
Clements, U. S. A., Assistant Surgeon J. II. Bill, U. S. A., Assistant Surgeon S. Eankin, 2d New Mexico Volunteers, and Acting
Assistant Surgeon E. A. Arnold, U. S. A. Acting Assistant Surgeon W. M. Belt, U. S. A., continued in charge of the garrison
and assisted whenever his services were required. Assistant Surgeon J. H. Shout, 1st New Mexico Volunteers, rendered valuable
service by remaining on the field until late at night, and in consequence of his exertions at that important time became so much
indisposed as to be unable to attend actively to duty until several days afterward, when he was placed in charge of a ward. I
invited Surgeon Whitlock to assist in attending the wounded, but he remained in charge of the ordinary duties of his regimental
hospital, and inasmuch as he had a short time previously, on a question of rank, officially objected to me as the medical director,
I did not choose to insist on his services. Circumstances compelled me to delay the amputations until eleven o'clock of the day
succeeding the battle; assisted by the entire medical corps, we then 'performed seven amputations; two at the upper third of the
thigh, two at the lower third of the thigh, two of the leg, (upper third,) and one of the arm above the elbow. The cases amputated
at the upper third of the thigh, including the one performed on the first day, died a few hours after the operation. One of the
cases of amputation below the knee died of gangrene of the stump on the third day. Four of the fractures of the femur were put
up in splints, (Physick's modification of Dessaults,) and up to this time the treatment promises the happiest results. Three cases
of fracture of the tibia were put up in fracture boxes. One case of gunshot wound opening the knee joint and fracturing the
condyles of the femur, was put on double-inclined plane and bran pillow, in consequence of the earnest objection of the patient to
the amputation of the limb ; a particular report of the case will hereafter be made. I herewith inclose a list of the wounded with
the character of the wound in each case. Before closing this report, I desire to express my thanks to the medical officers who
cooperated with me in the discharge of the arduous and responsible duties which devolved upon us. It will, I am sure, detract
nothing from the merit of the medical gentlemen of the volunteers, or those who are so efficiently acting with us, to say that
Assistant Surgeons B. A. Clements and J. II. Bill, U. S. A., fully sustained the reputation of their corps for practical knowledge
of their profession. The excellent condition of our wounded is due in good part to the unremitting attention of our hospital
stewards and attendants ; very favorable mention is due Hospital Steward John Mclntosh, U. S. A., Acting Hospital Steward
Charles Erdman, U. S. A., Hospital Steward Philip Welch, 2d New Mexico Volunteers, Hospital Steward Godfrey Gauss, 3d
New Mexico Volunteers, Acting Hospital Steward James Cleland, company D, 3d Cavalry, Acting Hospital Steward Jacob
Morrow, company B, 5th Infantry, arid Acting Hospital Steward George Dunn, company I, 3d Cavalry. Hospital Steward John
REPORTS OF SURGEONS NORRIS AND McNULTY. 347
Drennan, 1st New Mexico Volunteers, though not on duty with the wounded in hospital was with his regiment on the field and
was active and efficient in the discharge of his duties. The character of the wounds received in this action is shown by
the following summary: Contusions, eight. Flesh wounds: of head and neck, seven; of trunk, eighteen; of upper extremity,
seventeen ; of lower extremity, fifty-three ; of arm, shoulder, and thigh, one ; of arm and thigh, two ; of testicle, one. Fracture
of bones : of the face, three ; of the clavicle, one ; of the upper extremity, five ; of the lower extremity, nineteen. Wounds of
lung, six ; of brain, one. Not specified, three." *
CCLXXXVIII. Extract from the Quarterly Report of Sick and Wounded at Fort Craig, New
Mexico^ for the Quarter ending June 30, 1862. By Surgeon BASIL NOKKIS, TJ. S. Army.
* * * "On the 24th of April, seventy-five of the wounded of the battle of Valverde were transferred to general
hospital at Hot Springs near Las Vegas, two hundred miles from this post. These patients were convalescent, only a few of
them requiring crutches. On the 10th of May, sixteen of the wounded of the battle of Valverde were transferred to general
hospital. All of these men were able to walk without crutches. On the 17th of June, seven of the wounded of the battle of
Valverde were transferred to general hospital. Four of these cases were amputated above the knee, and three of them had
recovered from severe compound fractures ; two of the femur and one of the internal malleolus. There were six primary
amputations above the knee; five of them died and one recovered. There were two primary amputations of the leg near the
knee; one of them died and one recovered. There was one primary amputation of the arm above the elbow; this case recovered.
There were six secondary amputations of the thigh ; five of them recovered and one died. Of the cases which recovered, four
were amputated at the upper third, and one at the lower third of the thigh. The patient who died was Captain Benjamin
Wingate, 5th U. S. Infantry. His thigh was amputated at the lower third. He died on the thirteenth day after the operation
from pyaemia. Of the two cases of compound fractures of the femur which recovered, one of them was fractured too high to
offer any hope of recovery from amputation ; in the other case the patient would not submit to the operation." * * *
CCLXXXIX. Extracts from a Report on the March of the Column from California, from Fort
Yuma to the Rio Grande, during the Summer of 1862. By Surgeon JAMES M. McNuLTY,
U. S. Volunteers.
* * * "On the 22d of July, 1861, the President of the United States approved an act of Congress, entitled 'An act
to authorize the employment of volunteers to aid in enforcing the laws and protecting public property.' Under this act, one
regiment of infantry and five companies of cavalry were raised in California. These were called respectively the 1st Infantry
and 1st Cavalry, California Volunteers. The troops were raised for the protection of the Overland Mail Route between California
and the Eastern States by way of Great Salt Lake City. The force was placed under the command of Brevet Major James H.
Carleton, 1st U. S. Cavalry, with the rank of Colonel. The regiments rendezvoused at Oakland opposite San Francisco,
California. During the latter part of August and the month of September, they had obtained nearly their full complement of
men. Active preparations were made to put the command in the best condition for active field service, and by the 1st of October
everything was in readiness for the movement of the troops. About this time the spirit of rebellion became manifest in California.
Treason stalked abroad. In the southern part of the State, an open rupture was apprehended. In consequence of this condition
of affairs the command of Colonel Carleton was diverted from its original destination by General Sumner, the department
commander, and moved to the disturbed district. About the 1st of October, the command moved down the coast and formed a
camp near Los Angeles called Camp Latham. On the 14th of October, three companies of the 1st Cavalry, California Volunteers,
under the command of Major Eyre of the same regiment, were ordered to relieve the regular troops stationed at San Bernardino.
This place was the hot-bed of secessionism in California. On the same day orders were received to send three companies of the
1st Infantry, California Volunteers, under the command of Lieutenant Colonel J. R. West, to relieve the regulars stationed at
Fort Yuma. Regular troops stationed at different parts of the State were ordered to rendezvous at two points, viz.: San Diego
and San Pedro, for the purpose of embarkation. Orders had been issued by the War Department that regular troops on the
Pacific coast should be sent to the seat of war in the east. Brigadier General E. V. Sumner, at that time in command of the
department of the Pacific, was also ordered in. On the departure of General Sumner, Colonel George Wright, 9th U. S.
Infantry, assumed command of the department. The southern district of California was turned over by Colonel Wright to the
command of Colonel Carleton.
During the two succeeding months quiet and order were restored throughout the southern part of the State. The
distribution of the troops indicated to the disaffected the determination of the authorities to keep California firmly in the Union.
On the 12th of January, 1862, Colonel Carleton was summoned to San Francisco to consult with Colonel Wright in reference to
the movement of troops into Utah. Rumors had reached California that Van Dorn of the rebel service, was fitting out an
expedition for the invasion of California by way of Arizona. The fact was well established that Arizona and a portion of New
Mexico were occupied by Confederate troops, and it was apparent to all that California was more accessible through Arizona by
way of Fort Yuma, than in any other direction. Fort Yuma, located on the Colorado River, on the south-eastern line of the State,
is our extreme outpost. Surrounded as it is by a vast desert, if once in the possession of an enemy, the key to the State is lost.
In view of all these dangers to the State and coast, General Wright suggested to the War Department, that perhaps the
government would be best served by throwing the California troops into Arizona to drive the rebels from that Territory. A
double object would thus be gained : First, an effectual guard would be kept against any invasion of the Pacific Coast from that
quarter. Second, the California troops would fall on the flank of the Confederate forces then in New Mexico and assist the federal
troops in expelling them from that Territory. The suggestions of General Wright were favorably received by the War
348 APPENDED DOCUMENTS — EXPEDITION FROM CALIFORNIA.
Department. The feasibility of the movement was so apparent that the consent of that department was at once obtained. Oil
the receipt of the decision of the War Department authority was granted to Colonel Carleton to organize and fit out the expedition.
The 5th Infantry California Volunteers, under the command of Colonel George W. Bowie, company A, 3d U. S. Artillery,
and a light battery under the command of 1st Lieutenant John B. Shinn, of the U. S. Army, were added to Colonel Carleton's
command ; also Captain Cremony's company, 2d Cavalry, California Volunteers.
Active preparations were at once made for the movement of the column. It was important that the troops should move as
soon as possible in order that they might receive the benefit of the cool winter weather while passing over the Gila and Colorado
deserts. The great distance from the Pacific Ocean to the Eio Grande, the entire and complete desolation of nearly the whole
route, presented obstacles almost insurmountable to marching a column of over two thousand men, and the same number of
animals. It was well known that forage and provisions could be obtained at but two points between Fort Yuma and the Eio
Grande, in time of peace, and then in limited quantities, viz.: at the Pimas Villages and at Tucson, and it being known that the
enemy occupied one, if not both, of these points, it was necessary that preparations should be made entirely independent of them.
The greatest difficulty appeared to be in subsisting animals. Unless this could be done, rations could not be furnished the
troops, and the expedition would necessarily fall to the ground. With the commencement of preparations came unlooked-for
difficulties. Not for twenty years had a winter of such severity occurred in California. The whole country was flooded and
hundreds of horses and cattle were mired in the open plains and lost. For weeks it was almost impossible to move a vehicle of
any kind, and the movement of baggage trains was out of the question. In the meantime commissary stores and forage were
sent by sea to Fort Yuma, making this point a general depot and base of operations. The troops, during this terrible winter,
lived in tents. As the rains subsided and the ground became more settled, the troops were gradually moved towards Fort Yuma
by detachments of two or three companies at a time. A sub-depot was formed at Oak Grove, near the edge of the Yuma desert,
one hundred and twenty miles from Los Angeles, called Camp Wright. From this point to Fort Yuma, one hundred and eighty
miles, is a continuous desert entirely destitute of vegetation, water very scarce, and generally of bad quality. Before moving the
troops on this desert, Colonel Carleton sent out parties and had the wells cleaned out and new ones dug in order that every
drop of water might be available. Forage for the animals was deposited at different points between Camp Wright and Fort
Yuma. The troops were marched by companies, and one day apart. At some of the wells there was so little water that it was
necessary to dip it out in a pint cup, thus consuming nearly a whole night in watering one hundred animals.
In order that this desert may be more thoroughly understood, I quote from the notes of Lieutenant Colonel West, of
the 1st Infantry, who marched the first three companies over. His description of the route commences at Oak Grove, Camp
Wright, near the edge of the desert: 'Left Camp Wright, near Warner's Eanche, at seven and a half o'clock A. M., marched
five miles over pleasant rolling roads and well wooded country to La Puerta, at which place found mountain stream, but no place
for a camp ground. Thence, by fair road, without water, to San Felippe, eight miles ; pasturage good, but no wood ; water
neither over abundant nor good ; camp ground inferior. Left San Felippe at three and a half o'clock A. M. by heavy, hilly road to
Vallecito; road sandy, through bottom land, to first hill seven miles; thence broken road six miles, a great portion of which
is a canon with but one wagon track winding between cliffs. A very small force could oppose an enemy of far superior numbers.
The latter part of the road is more level ; on the left side, and about half a mile from the road, is a spring that affords water
enough for fifty men ; thence a small rugged hill is surmounted, and a valley reached, five miles in length, with a sandy road to
Vallecito. Water in fair supply ; no wood, but mezquite bushes ; pasturage fair. Left Vallecito at three and a half o'clock A. M.,
marched nine miles by heavy, sandy road to Palm Springs ; water in limited supply and required to be prepared for the command ;
the locality can be used as a camp. Thence by heavy, sandy road to Carisso Creek ; no pasturage. The country has now become
a complete desert of most forbidding aspect. The creek is a small stream affording an abundant supply of water of an inferior
quality. The bottom land is filled with a stunted growth of mezquite and arrow bushes. Left Carisso at eleven and a half o'clock
A. M., following the stream and constantly crossing it ; road heavy and sandy ; thence over a level road with somewhat improved
travelling four miles to a short, steep hill ; thence to a level plain with desert brush to Sackett's Well, last part of the road fair
travelling, the desert complete, water good, but uncertain; in dry weather it entirely disappears. Left Sackett's Well at
quarter of six o'clock p. M. through a continuous desert, first five miles sandy; thence better travelling to Indian Well.
Indian Well is some thirty feet deep, water good but in small quantities. Signal Mountain is a prominent land-mark, bears
south-west about fifteen miles ; reached camp at eleven o'clock P. M., distance fifteen miles. Left at five o'clock P. M. for New
Eiver Station ; road a perfect level over an alkali plain, with a few patches of mezquite bushes ; road dusty and heavy for wagons ;
well deep, water scarce and of inferior quality. Started at five o'clock P. M. for Alamo ; road heavy, over a barren flat ; there is
a well some thirty feet deep, affording some water. Left at four o'clock P. M. for Gardner's Wells ; no water ; nine miles thence,
by same character of road and country, to Salt or Seven Wells ; water plenty but brackish. Started at four o'clock P. M. ; nine
miles to Cook's Wells ; first two and a half miles bad road ; at Cook's Wells water and wood abundant and good. Thence fifteen
miles to Pilot Knobs ; camped on the bank of the Colorado at foot of mountain. From Cook's Wells the road is generally good,
through mezquite, flat, and the latter part through Indian Gardens; distance twenty -five miles. Started at one and a half o'clock
P. M. ; the road follows the Eio Colorado to Fort Yuma, distance ten miles ; road much broken ; reached Fort Yuma at four and
a half o'clock p. M.'
I have been thus minute in detail in order that a correct idea may be had of some of the difficulties encountered in
marching troops across this desert. It will be seen that nearly every march was made in the night. By starting at four
or five o'clock in the afternoon the march would be accomplished before daylight, thus enabling the men to sleep a part of
the night. The ground did not become sufficiently settled for the movement of Shinn's Battery until the 13th of April. Previous
to this nearly all the command had been moved towards Fort Yuma, one company only remaining to accompany the battery.
Colonel Carleton arrived at Fort Yuma on the 29th of April ; active preparations were made to move the command eastward
without delay. Water tanks, holding six hundred gallons each, were prepared to accompany each detachment. Contracts were
made at Fort Yuma to have hay cut and deposited at different points between the fort and the Pimas villages. It was ascertained
that Tucson was still in the hands of the Texans ; their pickets extended down the Gila Eiver to within fifty miles of Fort Yuma ;
REPORT OF SURGEON JAMES M. McNULTY. 349
hay deposited at different points by Colonel Carleton's agents was burned. The Pimas Indians are an agricultural people and
cultivate large quantities of wheat ; knowing this fact, and the importance of securing as much as possible, Colonel Carleton had
been for some time in communication with an American living at these villages ; he was directed to purchase all the wheat the
Indians had. A considerable quantity was thus accumulated, but before the advance of the column reached that point, the Texans
had destroyed it all, with the exception of a small quantity the Indians had cached. This was a serious loss, but the growing
crops had not been molested, and Colonel Carleton was enabled to secure a considerable amount for his animals. Two companies
of infantry and one of cavalry were sent forward towards the Pimas and Tucson ; as they advanced the Texans fell back to
Tucson. The command followed them to within a short distance of that place, but not feeling sufficiently strong to attack them,
fell back to the Pimas. Lieutenant Colonel West was then ordered forward with four companies of infantry.
The following itinerary was made by this officer : ' To Gila City, seventeen miles; no grass or wood, camp on river ; thence
to Mission Camp, eleven miles ; wood, water, and a little grass ; wood, water, and grass four miles further on. From Mission
Creek to Filibuster is six miles, thence to Antelope Peak, nine miles; grass within three-fourths of a mile; camp at station.
From this place to Mohawk Station, twelve miles ; no grass, camp on the river. To Texas Hill, eleven miles; a little grass on the
Hill; station half a mile back from the river. Lagoon Camp, fine water, wood, grass, and shade. Thence to Brumell's Ranche
eleven miles ; very dusty and disagreeable, neither men nor animals can recruit much ; at Grassy Camp, three miles distant, they
do much better. From Grassy Camp to Berk's Station, six miles ; a very poor camp ; little better at Oatman Flat, eleven miles
further on. From Oatman Flat to Kenyon's Station, eleven miles; poor camp, no grass; to Shady Camp, ten miles; everything
good. From Shady Camp to Gila Bend, four miles ; wood and water, but no grass ; thence to Desert Station, twenty-two miles ;
good wood, no water or grass. To the Tanks, s"even miles ; same as Desert Station. To Maracopa Wells, eleven miles ; plenty
of brackish water, some salt grass; and from thence to the Pimos Villages, eleven miles; roads fair with some sloughs.'
The march from Fort Yuma to the Pimas Villages, was fatiguing in the extreme. The intense heat and alkali dust was
almost intolerable ; both men and animals suffered very much. As fast as possible, the troops were pushed forward. On the
14th of May, Lieutenant Colonel West was sent forward by way of Fort Breckenridge, with four companies of infantry. This
fort was reoccupied, and the stars and stripes again floated to the breeze. From Fort Breckenridge, Colonel West proceeded to
Tucson, by way of Canada del Oro. A description of the route is taken from the notes of Colonel West : ' May 14th, left Fort
Barrett, Pimas, at seven o'clock A. M. ; road tends toward the river. On the left hand detached and irregular mountains from
five to nine miles to the right. Soil becomes sandy, and the country desert. Grease-wood and mezquite abound, but no thickets.
The river is gradually approached and touched at Sackaton Station ; there plenty of sacketon grass, a poor article for pasturage ;
good camp on the river, road fine for marching and transportation. Course, east, north-east. May 15th, left Sackaton Station at
forty minutes past five o'clock A. M. ; road parts from the river and leaves it from one to two miles to the left, mountain spurs
tend off south-east. A lone peak, about a mile and a half long, is detached from the main range. The Butterfield road to
Tucson passes between the peak and the main mountain. A picket there can effectually watch both roads. A small lagoon of
water is found at the north base. The Picacho is plainly visible throughout the day's march. Dense mezquite thickets, road fine
for marching and transportation. Camp on the river in a cotton-wood grove, one-quarter of a mile below Whites ; good grazing
and fine. Course, east by south. May lu'th, left Whites at fifty minutes past five o'clock A. M. Road leaves the river and takes
the mesa, the ascent is gradual and road good for twenty miles. Thickets of cactus and palo verde. At about twenty miles a steep
descent leads to Dry Camp, a basin in the hills of some thirty acres in area ; a trail makes out of this due north to Ojo Verde Springs,
four miles. The Gila River is three miles further in the same direction. Ojo Verde can be used ; the water is inferior and not
abundant; the quality and perhaps the quantity could be improved. The spring is four miles off the road, and the return must
be made by the same track. Left Dry Camp at forty minutes past six o'clock p. M., road turns off south-east up an arroyo ; very
heavy sand for about six miles, then gradual ascent for five miles, then more abrupt and up high hills. At fifteen miles from Dry
Camp, a finger-post, marked water, points to the right. Cotton-wood Spring is half a mile distant in a ravine. The grazing is
fine, and water abundant for such a body of troops as this. A lone cotton-wood tree prominently marks the springs. Course,
east by south and south-east. May 17th, laid by. May 18th, left Cotton-wood Spring at five o'clock p. M. Road over rolling
hills five miles, good grass, then pass the summit, and the descent commences toward the San Pedro River. Sandy arroyo for
eight miles, and heavy travelling; the road becomes a canon. A walnut tree three miles west of Fort Breckenridge, marked
water, stands in the middle of the road. At this point the road to Tucson turns off square to the right, thence to San Pedro and
Fort Breckenridge. The fort is three miles to the right, up a canon. Rocks from one to three hundred feet high. Pass
from twenty to seventy yards wide, road extremely heavy. At this fort, a fine stream, good grazing, and abundance of wood.
Course, east by south. May 19th, left Fort Breckenridge at forty-five minutes past five o'clock A. M. Returned by the canon to
the walnut tree, thence turned abruptly to the left and south, up a similar canon, which gradually expands to open country.
Road for twelve miles excessively heavy and sandy, thence gently rolling hills until the foot of a mountain is reached, on the
left, at seventeen miles from the walnut tree. Thence for three miles the hills are sideling and difficult. A steep descent of one mile
leads to Canada del Oro. Camp on a fine mountain stream, grazing very fine, and wood abundant. This is a very difficult d.-iy's
march. Course, north-west by south. May 20th, left the Canada del Oro at two o'clock P. M., road follows a ravine between the
mesa on the right, and a mountain range on the left ; a good deal of sand but mainly a fair road ; fine grass along the route. At
fifty-five minutes past eleven o'clock the road forks, left hand leading one mile to the Rincon, a small running stream ; fine camp ;
grass immediately under the mountain. Course, south-west, May 21st, left Rincon at thirty minutes past five o'clock A. M.. road
turns around the point of the mountain on the left, travelling rather heavy. Sandy arroyo, and then the ground becomes rolling ;
about eight miles from Rincon a mesa covered with cactus and mezquite is reached ; travelling improves. Course, south-west and
south by east, Our troops entered and occupied Tucson without firing a shot; at our' approach the Texana made a precipitate
retreat. Colonel Carleton determined to collect the troops at this point for rest, drill, etc. ; men and animals required rest ; wagons
wanted repairing, the dryness of the atmosphere and the intolerable heat, having shrunk them to the point of falling to pieces.
Communication was opened with Sonora for the purchase of Hour, grain, etc.' In the first part of June :ill the troops composing
the column were in and about Tucson, with the exception of a part of the 5th Infantry, left to garrison Forts Yuma and Barrett.
350 APPENDED DOCUMENTS EXPEDITION FROM CALIFORNIA.
There is another and more direct road leading from the Pimas Villages to Tucson ; this road was taken by Lieutenant
Shinn and two companies of infantry. The following description of the road is given by Lieutenant Shinn. ' June 1st, left camp
at Fort Barrett at fifteen minutes past four o'clock p. M. with battery, one ambulance, one water and eight transportation wagons,
loaded to three thousand six hundred pounds with ammunition, flour, forage, etc., eighty-seven men, and one hundred and fifty-three
animals. Road 011 Gila River, fine for transportation of heavily loaded wagons ; no water, no grass ; vegetation, mezquite and grease-
wood. At Sackaton Station, very dirty. Encamped on river at eight P. M., having marched nearly twelve miles. June 2d, filled
water tank (six hundred gallons) and left camp at Sackaton at twenty minutes past four o'clock P. M. Road leaves the river and
sweeps around from south-east by south, to south by east ; with gradually ascending slope to summit, five and a quarter miles.
Between mountain spur and detached peak on left, two miles of the road dusty ; then soil changes from the alkali dust of Gila River
bottom, to mixture of sand and gravel, very hard and quite smooth. From summit, Casa Grande in sight on desert to left ; and
the Picacho straight ahead, south by east, thirty-one miles. Desert continues to Oneida Station ; road continues good. At eight
miles, gravel replaced by hard alkali clay ; vegetation, mezquite, grease-wood and cactus. No water or grass on road. Wood
plenty and sufficient for cooking. Near Oneida Station, which is on the left, well on right of road, depth twenty-nine feet, with
five feet of water. Encamped there at forty-five minutes past seven o'clock P. M. Train all in ten minutes later. One hundred
and seventy-five buckets, equal to seven hundred gallons, were taken from the well at the rate of ten gallons per minute, without
apparently diminishing the supply. The water is excellent, cold and sweet ; the best this side of Fort Yuma. Arrived and departed
during the night, having marched eleven miles ; found no grass near station. June 3d, left camp at four o'clock A. M. Old marks
of surface water show a gradual rise of the desert toward Blue Water Station. Road very fine for marching, very little sand.
At six miles, halted from forty-five minutes past five to forty-five minutes past six o'clock for grass, which may be found in
considerable quantities one hundred yards to the left, off road in belt of mezquite and arroyo leading east from that point, and said
to extend four or five miles in same direction. Obtained sufficient for a good night's feed. The grass is grama with some little
gaeta. The gaeta was also observed on the left of the road one mile further on ; no water ; vegetation, desert plants, mezquite, and
grease-wood. Arrived and encamped at Blue Water Station at forty-five minutes past seven o'clock A. M. Well, sixty-nine feet
in depth, with two and a half feet of water. Drew water at the rate of six gallons per minute, for one and three-fourths hours ;
watered ninety horses in same time, four gallons each, watered mules and horses again in the afternoon. Took from this well in
ten hours, over sixteen hundred gallons of water, and left the depth of water as found. It will probably afford four thousand
gallons of water in twenty-four hours ; quality good, and water cool. At four o'clock p. M., sent a detachment forward to clean
out well at the Point of Mountain. Wood plenty ; some grama and a little gaeta reported to exist in the mezquite, five hundred
yards north-west of the station. Marched nearly ten miles. June 4th, left Blue Water Station at ten minutes past two o'clock A. M.,
and expected to march to Tucson, fifty-four miles, in the next twenty-four hours ; as there is no water on the road, and not
enough with the company to encamp on. Some wagons remain loaded with three thousand six hundred pounds ; morning quite cool,
and very fine for marching. Road continues to rise to the Picacho. At forty minutes past four o'clock A. M., 9.6 miles from
Blue Water ; soil, clay water-washed and very hard and smooth, extends for miles on either side of the road. Considerable dry
grama grass in the immediate vicinity and mezquite sparde. At 13.9 miles passed graves of Lieutenant Barrett and two soldiers,
on left of road. The chalcos (or water holes) now dry, are in the mezquite on the right of the road ; here quite a thicket, some
grass but dry. The road is now level, or nearly so, for three or four miles. At forty-five minutes past six o'clock A. M., halted
at Picacho Station on the right, and distant from Blue Water Station, 14.9 miles. Saw a band of antelopes near foot of peak ;
no water at this point. Consumed about two hundred gallons of water in tank, for which had to wait half an hour ; resumed
march at forty-five minutes past seven o'clock A. M. ; road begins to descend toward the south two miles beyond the Picacho, and
so continues to Point of Mountain. A very excellent road all the way; at 25.5 miles passed a deep well (dry) on right, no water
ever found here. High mountains on right, distant from thirty to one hundred miles ; and between mountain and road, valley
of Santa Cruz River ; here only an arroyo, which road crosses near Point of Mountain. At twelve o'clock M. and twenty-nine
miles, halted half an hour. Met a messenger at thirty minutes past one o'clock P. M., and received notice of water in abundance
at Point of Mountain, where command arrived and encamped at fifteen minutes past four o'clock P. M. Station on right, and
well on left of road, water plenty, no grass, no wood at well, and but little on last eight miles of road. Used water brought
from Tucson on wagons, and did not thoroughly test the capacity of the well ; which is thirty-nine feet deep, with four feet of
water. All agree in pronouncing it the best on the desert, and say it cannot be dipped dry. March 39.1 miles. June 5th, left
camp at three o'clock A. M. About five miles from Point of Mountain, dense mezquite thicket — a good cover for Indians. At six
miles crossed arroyo of Santa Cruz. River descending to left, quite dry, a litte sand, and some more at eleven miles ; remainder
of road very good, numerous cotton-wood trees on road this day, and much mezquite ; no water. Between seven and ten miles
from Point of Mountain, much salt grass, poor stuff for forage. First five and last three and a half miles of to-day's march, very
fine road of hard gravel. Arrived at Tucson at forty-five minutes past eight o'clock A. M. : march fifteen miles. Total,
86.7 miles.'
Tucson is about halfway between Fort Yuma and the Rio Grande, and contains a population of four, or perhaps five hundred,
mostly Mexicans ; a few Americans and foreigners were living here, principally gamblers and ruffians, traitors to their country
—secessionists. Colonel Carleton received his promotion to the rank of Brigadier General of Volunteers, while on the desert, in
the early part of June. On his arrival at Tucson, the Territory of Arizona was at once placed under martial law, and a
proclamation issued to the people. * *
A number of notorious characters were arrested, examined by military commission, and sent to Fort Yuma. Order
meantime General
stores collected from
._ permit after the severe march over the Yuma and Gila
No communication, up to this time, could be had with our forces in New Mexico. The strength of the rebels and their
ocahty were entirely unknown. Great difficulty in communicating with General Canby, at that time in command of the
department of New Mexico, existed on account of hostile Indians. The Apache nation occupied the whole country between the
REPORT OF SURGEON JAMES M. McNULTY. 351
Rio Grande and Colorado River. The great distance to be traversed through this country rendered it hazardous, if not impossible,
for any small party to get through it. General Carleton endeavored to send an express to General Canby from Tucson. The
party, consisting of three men, was attacked near Apache Pass and two of the men were killed by the Indians ; the survivor was
pursued some forty miles and barely escaped ; he was captured by the Texans near Mesilla, and the dispatches to General Canby
fell into their hands. From these they learned the exact strength of General Carleton's command and the intended movements of
the column. On the 22d of June General Carleton sent forward Lieutenant Colonel Eyre of the 1st Infantry, California Volunteers
with one hundred and forty men ; this was the advance guard of the column. With the exception of frequent skirmishing with
the Indians, and the loss of three men killed and several wounded at Apache Pass, the party met with no other enemy before
reaching the Rio Grande. Apache Pass is about midway between Tucson and the river ; it is through a spur of the Chi-ri-ca-hui
Mountains and is about three and a half or four miles long. In this pass is a fine spring of water and a favorite haunt of the
Indians. A company of infantry and a part of a company of cavalry, with two mountain howitzers, fought the Indians at the
spring for four hours. A number of the savages were killed in the fight ; our loss was three killed and several wounded. On
either side of this pass extends a plain from thirty to forty miles in width. The Indians can see parties approach and lay in wait
for them.
On the 20th of July, preparations for the movement of the command having been completed, General Carleton issued
the following general order : ' The column from California will move to the Rio Grande in the following order : 1st. On the 20th
instant Colonel Joseph R. West, 1st Infantry, California Volunteers, with companies B, C, and K of his regiment, and company
G of the 5th Infantry, California Volunteers. This command at the Rio de Sanz will receive the addition of company E of West's
regiment,, and Thompson's mountain howitzers. Major Theo. A. Coult, of the 5th Infantry, California Volunteers, is assigned to
duty with the command. Colonel West will take forty thousand rounds of rifle-musket ammunition. 2d. On the 21st instant a
second command, consisting of Shiun's light battery U. S. 3d Artillery, and companies A, 1st Infantry, and B, 5th Infantry California
Volunteers, will take up its line of march for the Rio Grande. This command will be supplied with all the artillery ammunition
now here which pertains to Shinn's Battery, and seventeen thousand rounds of ammunition for the rifle musket. 3d. On the 23d
instant a third command under Lieutenant Colonel Edwin A. Rigg, consisting of companies D, F, H, and 1, 1st Infantry California
Volunteers, will start for the Rio Grande. This command will have twenty-eight thousand rounds of ammunition for the rifle
musket. 4th. Each of these commands will be supplied with subsistence for thirty days, with at least two tents for each company,
and with a good supply of entrenching tools. Each command will also have one hospital tent complete and an ambulance for the
sick and wounded, and will have a forge and materials for shoeing horses and mules and also a water tank and a good supply of
water kegs. 5th. On the 31st instant a train of wagons, laden with forty days' supplies of subsistence for the whole command, is
hereby ordered forward with the following ammunition, viz. : forty thousand rounds for the rifle musket, thirty thousand rounds
for the Sharp's carbine, and twenty thousand rounds for the navy size Colt's revolver, together with such other supplies of clothing,
tents, tools, spare wagon timbers, leather, wagon grease, horse shoes, mule shoes, horse-shoe nails, stationery, &c., &c., as may
be required, will leave Tucson for the Rio Grande, escorted by companies A, 5th Infantry, and A, 1st Cavalry, California
Volunteers, each furnished with sixty days' rations. This command will have an ambulance, forge, and water tank, and such
other articles as may be required to render it efficient. 6th. Company D, 1st Cavalry, California Volunteers, will move from
Tubac directly for the crossing of the San Pedro, where it will arrive on the 22d instant ; from this point it will form the advance
guard of the column and habitually, unless otherwise ordered, will march one day in front of West's command. 7th. Captain
Cremony's Company, B, 2d Cavalry, California Volunteers, will inarch near the head of the column to serve as flankers or as
videttes as occasion may require. 8th. The staff officers attached to the headquarters, except the chief commissary, will, until
further orders, move with West's command. Surgeon Prentiss, 1st Cavalry, California Volunteers, will move with the second
command and Surgeon Wooster, 5th Infantry, California Volunteers, will move with Rigg's command. 9th. The chief quarter
master, chief commissary, and medical director are charged with giving the most perfect efficiency possible to all matters pertaining
to the public service in their several departments, keeping in mind the fact that the column is presumed now to move forward
prepared at all points to engage the enemy at any moment, by night or by day. Let nothing be omitted or neglected which will
give due effect to this idea, whether on the march or on the field of battle.' * *
The strength and location of the Confederates were unknown, consequently the column was kept well in hand, the
companies marching only one day apart. For a description of the country, I quote from the notes of Colonel Eyre : ' June
21st, left Tucson at three o'clock A. M. with Captain Fritz, and Lieutenants Haden and Baldwin, 1st Cavalry California Volunteers,
and one hundred and forty men ; marched thirty-five miles to Cienegas delos Pinos, and camped at thirty minutes past twelve
o'clock P. M. ; water and grazing abundant. The road to-day is veiy good, with the exception of two or three hills. At a
distance of about twenty-eight miles, the road descends into the cienega; then seven miles to water, near the burned station
which stood on the hill to the right of the road. Course, south-east; thirty-five miles. June 22d, left Cienega at six o'clock
A. M., marched over a high rolling country, but good wagon road and splendid grazing all the way for a distance of about
twenty-two miles, when the road descends through a canon for one mile, and then opens on the San Pedro Valley. Two miles
further the river is reached, at the overland mail station. Strong bridge over the river ; water and grass abundant, Course,
north-east; twenty-five miles. June 23d, left camp at the crossing of the San Pedro at thirty minutes past seven o'clock A. M.
The road at once leaves the river, and enters a valley about one mile wide and four miles long, when it terminates at the foot
of the mesa, which is gained through a narrow canon, in which is a long but not very steep hill. The canon is about one and a
half miles long when the top of the mesa is reached; then about fourteen miles to overland station at Dragoon Springs, at which
place we arrived at thirty minutes past twelve o'clock P. M. and encamped. Found water sufficient, by digging, two miles up the
canon, the trail to which is difficult in some places to lead animals over. Course north-east ; nineteen and a half miles. June
24th, left Dragoon Springs at thirty-minutes past ten o'clock A. M.; was detained in consequence of scarcity of water; marched
twenty-five miles over an excellent road to Ewell's Station, arriving there at thirty minutes past five P. M. Sent Captain Fritz
and six men with spades to examine the spring in the mountain north of the station; he had returned to station by the time
the command arrived, and reported water enough for the men only. Camped at six o'clock P. M. Course, north-east; twenty-
352 APPENDED DOCUMENTS EXPEDITION FROM CALIFORNIA.
five miles. June 25th, left Ewell's Station at one o'clock A. M., marched fifteen miles over a very hilly, and in some places
very rocky, road to station in Apache Pass, and camped at six o'clock A. M. ; water scarce, no grass. Course, north-east ;
fifteen miles. About twelve o'clock M, while I was engaged at the spring superintending the watering of animals, it being
necessary to dip it with tin cups, four shots were heard in the direction where the horses that had been watered were being
grazed under a strong guard. Immediately thereafter it was reported that Indians were in sight, and that the guard had
fired to give the alarm. Almost immediately thereafter it was reported to me that the Indians were waving a white flag. I at
once started for them, taking with me a white flag, and Mr. Newcomb as interpreter. At the end of about an hour, I succeeded
in getting sufficiently near one of them to be understood. I explained to him what I desired, and asked for the chief. By this
time about seventy-five to one hundred Indians were in sight, many of them mounted on good looking horses, and all of them
armed with fire arms ; some with rifles and six shooting pistols — of the latter I observed a great number, and occasionally single
barrelled shot guns. When the chief came forward, I told him that we were Americans and that our great captain lived in
Washington; that we wished to be friends of the Apaches; that at present I was only travelling through their country, and
desired he would not interfere with my men or animals ; that a great captain was at Tucson with a large number of soldiers; that
he wished to have a talk with all the Apache chiefs, and to make peace with them, and make them presents. He professed a great
desire to be friendly with the Americans, and assured me that neither my men nor animals should be molested. He asked me
for tobacco, and something to eat. I gave him all that could possibly be spared, and we parted with a request on his part, that
I would meet him at the same place at sunset. On my return it was reported to me that three men were missing. A party of
thirty men were at once sent out in the vicinity of where the firing was heard, and after an hour's search, the bodies of the
missing men were found, stripped of all their clothing, and two of them scalped. Each was shot through the chest with fire arms,
and lanced through the neck. They were victims of their OAvn imprudence ; the entire command having been repeatedly warned
by me, not to wander from camp. It appears they had started, leading the horses from the spring where the watering was being
done, over the ridge into another gulch, when they came on the Indians, and were murdered. The Indians succeeded in getting
one horse. When the bodies of our murdered men were found, instant pursuit of the Indians was made, some of whom were
seen on a hill half a mile distant ; but being unable to come up with them a return to camp was ordered, carrying in the dead
bodies which were buried — the entire command being present. The animals now being all watered, as far as was possible,
and there being very little grass in the pass, at six o'clock P. M. left camp ; marched out and made a dry camp 011 the plain,
two miles beyond the canon. Course, east, north-east ; four miles. At eleven o'clock p. M. a volley of six or eight shots was
fired into camp, wounding Acting Assistant Surgeon Kitridge in the head, and killing one horse at the picket line. June 26th,
left Dry Camp No. 1 at thirty-minutes past three o'clock A. M., marched fifteen miles over an excellent road to San Simon Station ;
then turned square to the right, marched thirteen miles up the dry bed of the river to a large cienega, and camped at two o'clock
p. M. Course, east, north-east and south-east ; twenty-eight miles. This is a splendid camping place, water and grass in the
greatest abundance. The proper road to the cienega turns to the right from the stage road, about six miles from Apache Pass,
and around the Point of Mountain it comes on the San Simon, one mile below the water. At midnight camp was alarmed by a
shot fired by one of the guard. On examination it was found to be a coyote, which he mistook for an Indian crawling through
the scattered bushes, and which he instantly killed. This was a very hard day's march on men and animals, being obliged to
leave dry camp without breakfast, owing to scarcity of water, having but eight five gallon kegs in which to carry water for the
men ; and not being able to get, at the pass, as much water as the animals required. June 27th, laid over. June 28th, left camp at
Cienega of San Simon at four o'clock p. M., marchted five miles to the pass in the mountain ; road heavy. On arriving at the
pass found the road through it very good, and the pass wide. Marched fifteen miles from San Simon, and made Dry Camp No. 2
at fifteen minutes past ten o'clock p. M. Course, north, north-east ; fifteen miles. June 29th, left dry camp at four o'clock A. M.
marched nine miles, over good road, to Lightendorffer's Well, in Eound Mountain canon, well on right and close to road, it is about
eight feet square and seven deep, rock bottom. Halted at well one hour. Obtained a very limited supply of water for my
command. This is a tolerably good camping place for three companies of infantry. By care they could obtain sufficient water
which is good. Left Lightendorffer's at eight o'clock A. M., marched twenty-two miles to Dinsmore Station, (Soldier's Farewell,)
and at five o'clock P. M. halted. Discovered here a small spring about two or three miles up the arroyo, north of station, and
a hole of bad water eight hundred yards south of station. Left Dinsmore Station at eight o'clock P. M., marched fourteen miles
to Cow Springs, and camped at twelve midnight; water and grazing abundant. The road from the Cienega of San Simon to this
place is good for loaded teams, excepting four or five miles to the pass. Course, north-east ; forty-six miles. Soon after leaving
Dinsmore Station found two men on the side of the road, under rather suspicious circumstances ; took three letters from them,
one directed to the Commander of the Federal forces at Tucson, or en route. Put the men in charge of a guard and brought
them back. Here discovered nine men camped, who proved to be a party sent by Colonel Chivington, commanding southern
military district of New Mexico, at Fort Craig, with a letter to Colonel Carleton ; with verbal orders to deliver it to the commander
of the advance of his column when met with, and return to Fort Craig. Read the communication and returned Mr. Milligan and
one of his party with the answer to Fort Craig, at three o'clock P. M. on the 30th instant, at which place he would arrive on the
evening of the 2d proximo. : From Mr. Milligan I learned of the capture of Jones, the expressman, by the secessionists at the
Picacho near Mesilla ; his two companions having been killed by the Indians at Apache Pass, and he himself chased by them for
a great many miles. This information was brought to Fort Craig by a friendly Mexican, who was present at the capture of Jones.
June 30th, laid over. July 1st, this morning a number of men were discovered by the lookout, approaching from the direction ol
the Pinos Altos Mines ; sent out a party and brought them into camp. They proved to be a party of thirty Mexican miners returning
to Sonora, in consequence of the almost total absence of provisions at the mines. Allowed them to proceed on their journey.
Left Cow Spring at eight o'clock A. M. Arrived at the Rio Mimbres at one o'clock p. M., and camped two miles above station ;
water and grazing abundant and of the best quality ; road good. Course, north-east; sixteen miles. July 2d, laid over. At ten
o clock this morning one of the pickets discovered persons approaching camp ; they were arrested and brought in, twelve men
and two women— one a German and the others Mexican. They were also from the mines en route for Mesilla. Ordered them to
be confined, in order to secure the secrecy of my movements. At nine o'clock A. M. sent out a party of twenty men to examine
REPORT OF SURGEON JAMES M. McNULTY. 353
Cook's canon, with orders to arrest, if possible, all persons they may meet with ; and to remain at Cook's until the command
came up. July 3d, left Mimbres Elver at thirty minutes past six o'clock A. M., marched twelve miles over a good road to Cook's
Puss ; from here to summit, road hilly. A long rocky, but not very steep hill, brings you to the top of the pass. From there
the descent to the spring is good. Distance from pass to spring, six miles. Course, north, north-east; eighteen miles. Here
came up with the party sent in advance yesterday. They reported no person in sight, and no fresh tracks. July 4th, left
Cook's Spring at thirty minutes past six o'clock A. M., took Fort Thorn road which keeps a north, north-east course, while
the Mesilla road turns to the right immediately at the springs, and bears east, north-east passing the overland mail station,
which is seen on the hill about half a mile distant. Marched thirteen miles to Mule Spring ; good road. Here no water could be
found even by digging; having sent a party in advance with spades for that purpose. Left Mule Spring at twelve o'clock M.,
marched twenty-two miles to the Eio Grande, and camped at seven o'clock p. M. near Fort Thorn. Course, north, north-east ;
thirty-five miles. The road for about eight miles after leaving Mule Spring is very good, it enters a rolling country, the hills
becoming more and more abrupt, for a distance of about six miles, when it ascends into a broad caiion, which it follows, in a good
road, to the river. Immediately on making camp the national colors were raised amid the loud and continuous cheers of the
assembled command. This was the first time the stars and stripes floated on the Rio Grande below Fort Craig, since the occupa
tion of the country by the Confederate troops ; and the day being the anniversary of our National Independence, was not calculated
to dampen the ardor of the command. We are now within thirty-five miles of the enemy, who the prisoners whom I have
taken variously estimate, from two to eight hundred strong. As soon as the horses have recruited a little — they being consider
ably reduced by a march of about three hundred miles, through a broiling sun, and over a country entirely destitute of water,
for distances ranging from thirty-five to sixty miles — I will reconnoitre his position and endeavor to ascertain his strength, which
I have but little doubt of accomplishing, and in case he does not greatly outnumber me will give him a fight. Moved three miles
down the river and occupied Fort Thorn.'
As soon as the arrival of Colonel Eyre on the river was known, the Texans made a hasty flight. Their army was
completely demoralized, and Colonel Eyre's force magnified fourfold; what they could not carry with them was destroyed. One
hundred and fifty sick and wounded were left in hospital at Franklin, Texas, and the neighborhood. Colonel Eyre crossed the
river near Fort Thorn, and pushed down toward the retreating rebels. He entered Las Cruces, opposite Mesilla, and raised
the national colors. Franklin was also occupied by a detachment of his command.
General Carleton, with the head of the column, reached the river on the 8th of August. The time consumed on the march
being eighteen days. The sight of this beautiful stream, after the many days of toil and suffering gladdened the hearts of all.
The last day's march was particularly severe. Over forty miles had been made by the infantry without water, without a murmur.
The desert had been conquered, and the command arrived on the river in good fighting condition. No deaths had occurred
between Tucson and the river, and but few remained on the sick list. General Carleton crossed the river at the point where
Colonel Eyre crossed. The river was so high that it could not be forded, and the only boats were two small scows made by
Colonel Eyre. The animals swam. over. This was successfully accomplished, none were lost. A rope was attached to both
sides of the boats and extended to either bank of the river. A number of men were stationed on both flanks. By this means
they were enabled to pull the boat from shore to shore. The wagons were unloaded, their contents being ferried across in the
boats which were hauled across by ropes. In this manner, each command as it came up, was crossed in safety. Nothing was
lost or injured. General Carleton moved the column down the river as far as Las Cruces, Mesilla, and Franklin, taking with
him two companies of cavalry; he proceeded on down as tar as Fort Quitman, Texas. From there he dispatched a company
of the 1st Cavalry as far as Fort Davis, distant from Fort Quitman, one hundred and thirty miles. The Texans had abandoned
this post. One" man much emaciated was found dead ; his body being pierced in many places with arrows. This man had
evidently been left behind sick. The sick and wounded Texans left behind at Franklin, were sent with an escort to San Antonio.
General Canby, at this time in command of the Department of New Mexico, had been ordered east ; and on the 16th of
September, 1862, General Carleton arrived in Santa F6, and on the 18th assumed command of the department. In this
march every thing was reduced to the smallest possible compass. No tents were used by officers or men during the whole march.
Two wagons were allowed to a company. In these were carried camp and garrison equipage, ten days' rations, mess furniture,
and every thing belonging to a company. Every article was weighed. Officers, from the general down, carried each but
eighty pounds of baggage, including bedding, mess kit, etc. The troops suffered very little from sickness. The mortality was
very small. Not one single death occurred on the march of the column from the Pacific Ocean to the Rio Grande, from the 13th
of April to the 8th of August, and but five deaths from disease in hospital during this time ; two at Fort Barrett, and three at Tucson.
Every possible care was observed to guard against sickness. This, together with the splendid personel of the men, will account
for the success of the expedition, and the slight mortality attending it."
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TO THE
I
MEDICAL AND SURGICAL HISTORY OF THE REBELLION.
Page.
I. Report of the Events connected with the First Suit Run Campaign. By Surgeon W. S. KING, U. S. Army, Medical
Director of the Army under General McDowell t
II. Report to General I. McDowell, Commanding the Department of Northeast Virginia, relative to the Operations of the
Medical Department at the Battle of Bull Run. By Surgeon W. S. KING, Medical Director 6
III. Extract from a Report of Services at the First Battle of Bull Run. By Assistant Surgeon C. C. GRAY, U. S. Army. G
IV. Extract from a Report on the Duties assigned to him from the Outbreak of the Rebellion till May \, 1863. By
Assistant Surgeon G. M. STERNBERG, U. S. Army 8
V. Extract from a Narrative of Services. By Surgeon ZENAS E. BLISS, U. S. Volunteers 8
VI. Extract from a Narrative of Services. By Assistant Surgeon C. S. DE GRAW, U. S. Army 8
VII. Extract from a Report of his Medical Services. By Assistant Surgeon W. W. KEEN, Jr., 5th Massachusetts
Volunteers 9
VIII. Extract from a Report of Services after the First Battle of Bull Run. By Assistant Surgeon CHARLES R. GREEN-
LEAF, U.S. Army 9
IX. Extract fr»m a Narrative of Services from the Commencement of the Rebellion till July 18, 1863. By Surgeon H. P.
STEARNS, U. S. Volunteers 9
X. Extract from a Report of Services from April, 1861, to June, 1863. By Surgeon C. F. H. CAMPBELL, U. S.
Volunteers 10
XI. Extracts from Reports of the Wounded at the Engagement at Ball's Bluff, Virginia, October 21, 1861. By Surgeon
A. B. CROSBY, U. S. Volunteers 10
XII. Extracts from a Narrative of the Surgery at Ball's Bluff, Virginia, and from a Report of the Wounded of General
Baker's Brigade at the Affair of October 21, 1861. By Surgeon JOHN A. LlDELL, U. S. Volunteers 12
XIII. Extract from a Narrative of Services. By Assistant Surgeon R. F. WEIR, U. S. Army. . 13
XIV. Extracts from Reports relative to the Operations of the Medical Department in the Campaign in Western Virginia in
the Summer of 1861. By Surgeon .1. J. B. WRIGHT, U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Department of Ohio. 13
XV. Statement of the Killed and Wounded at the Battle of Carnifex Ferry, September 10, 1861. By Assistant Surgeon
HORACE R. WIRTZ, U. S. Army, Acting Medical Director during the Action . . 14
XVI. Extract from a Report on the Duties assigned him from the Outbreak of the War till July 14, 1863. By Surgeon
C. C. DUMREICIIER, U. S. Volunteers
XVII. Memorandum relatire to the Wounded at the Affair at Great Bethel, Virginia, June 10, 1861. By Surgeon A. H.
HOFF, 3d New York Volunteers
XVIII. Extract from Report from St. Aloysius Hospital, Washington. By Assistant Surgeon ALEXANDER INGUAM,
U. S. Army lr>
XIX. Extract from a Report of his Services from June 1, 1861, to June 19, 1833, relative to the Battle of Wilson's Creel:
By Assistant Surgeon PHILIP C. DAVIS, U. S. Army
XX. Extracts from Observations on the Battle of Wilsons Creel: By Assistant Surgeon H. M. SPRAGUE, U. S. Army . . 16
XXI. Extract from a Report in regard to the Operations of the Medical Department in the Action at Wilson's Creel. By
Surgeon E. C. FRANKLIN, U. S. Volunteers
XXII. Extracts from a Report on the Regimental Hospital of the 22d loim Volunteers at Wilson's Creel: By Surgeon
W. II. WHITE, 22d Iowa Volunteers
356 TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page.
XXIII. Extracts from a Report of his Services at the Battle of Wilson's Creek. By Assistant Surgeon S. II. MELCHER,
5th Missouri Volunteers 17
XXIV. Account of the Operations of the Medical Department at the Battle of Belmont, Missouri. By Surgeon JOHN H.
BRINTON, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director of the Troops under General Grant, stationed in the District of
Cairo and its Dependencies 18
XXV. Second Extract from a Narrative of Services from the Commencement of the Rebellion till July 13, 1863. By Surgeon
H. P. STEARNS, U. S. Volunteers 22
XXVI. Reports on the Battle at Mill Spring, Kentucky, and the Hospitals at Nashville, Tennessee. By Surgeon EGBERT
MURRAY, U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Department of the Ohio 23
XXVII. Extract from a Narrative of Services in the Medical Staff, from July, 1801, to May 23, 1863. By Surgeon DAVID
P. SMITH, U. S. Volunteers 24
XXVIII. Account of the Campaign of the Army of the Tennessee, from February to June, 1862, including the Capture of
Forts Henry and Donelson, and the Battles of Shiloh and Corinth. By Surgeon JOHN II. BRINTON, U. S. Vol
unteers, Medical Director of the Army of the Tennessee 24
XXIX. Third Extract from a Narrative of Services from the Commencement of the Rebellion till July 18, 1863. By Surgeon
II. P. STEARNS, U. S. Volunteers 34
XXX. Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Third Division of the Army of the Ohio at the Attack on
Fort Donelson. By Surgeon T. W. FRY, U. S. Volunteers 35
XXXI. Extract from a Report of his Services in the Fort Donelson Campaign. By Surgeon J. G. KEENON, U. S.
Volunteers 35
XXXII. Extract from a Report of Medical Operations in the Second Brigade of the First Division of the Army of the
Tennessee, in the attack on Fort Donelson. By Surgeon C. GOODBRAKE, 20th Illinois Volunteers 35
XXXIII. Report of the Regiments constituting the Garrison at Fort Donelson, February, 1862 35
XXXIV. Extract from a Report relative to the Wounded on the Hospital Transport Gladiator, after the Battle of Fort
Donelson. By Surgeon D. A. Dow, 4th Illinois Cavalry 37
XXXV. Extract from a Report on the Wounded of the Eleventh Illinois Infantry in the Assault on Fort Donelson. Bv
Surgeon OWEN M. LONG, llth Illinois Volunteers 37
XXXVI. Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Army of the Ohio, during and after the Battle of
Shiloh, Tennessee, on April 6 and 7, 1862. By Surgeon KOBERT MURRAY, U. S. Army, Medical Director of the
Army of the Ohio 37
XXXVII. Extracts from Letters to the Surgeon General relative to the Operations of the Medical Department subsequent to
the Battle of Shiloh. By Surgeon CHARLES McDouGALL, U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Army of the
Tennessee 40
XXXVIII. Extract from a Narrative of his Service? in the Medical Staff. By Surgeon N. E. DERBY, U. S. Volunteers.. 40
XXXIX. Fourth Extract from a Narrative of Services from the Commencement of the Rebellion till July 18, 1883. By
Surgeon H. P. STEARNS, U. S. Volunteers 42
X L. Extract from a Narrative of Services in the Volunteer Medical Staff from June 21, 1861, to July 1, 1863. By Surgeon
GEORGE H. HUBBARD, U. S. Volunteers 42
XLI. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff from October, 1861, to June, 1863. By
Surgeon J. G. Keenon, U. S. Volunteers.'. - 43
XLII. Second Extraat from a Narratii-e of Services in the Medical Staff from July, 1861, to May 28, 1863. By Surgeon
DAVID P. SMITH, U. S. Volunteers 43
XLIII. Extracts from Memoranda for the Surgical History of (he War. Communicated by Assistant Surgeon B.
HOWARD, U. S. Army " 44
XLIV. Extract from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Second Brigade of the First Division
of Illinois Volunteers, at the Battle of Shiloh By Surgeon C. GOODBRAKE, 20th Illinois Volunteers 44
XLV. Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Army of the Potomac, from its Organization in July,
1861, until the Change of Base to the James River in July, 1862. By Surgeon CHARLES S. TiUl'Lia:, U. S. Army,
Medical Director 44
XLVI. Memorandum of Instructions to Inspectors of Hospitals in the Army of the Potomac, given ly command of General
G. B. McClellan. By Surgeon C. S. Tmi'i.ER, U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Army of the Potomac.. 59
XLVII. Memorandum of Instructions to Brigade Surgeons of Volunteers of the Army of the Potomac, promulgated by
command of General G. B. McCldlan ; Icing General Order No. 30, Headquarters of the Army of the Potomac,
October 3, 1861 59
X LV1II. i:.,-tr<irt from Gcnr-nil Ordn- No. 9, from the Hcadf/iiarters of the Army of the Potomac in relation to the. Duties
Hosp
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 357
Page.
XLIX. Extracts from a Report to the Surgeon General on the Sanitary Condition of the Army of the Potomac in November
and December, 1862. By Surgeon C. S. TRIPLER, U. S. Army, Medical Director 60
L. Extracts from a Report to General G. B. McClellan on the Hospitals of the Army of the Potomac, in December, 1861,
and January, 1862. By Surgeon C. S. TKIPLER, U. S. Army, Medical Director Gl
LI. Instructions to Medical Directors of Army Corps of the Army of the Potomac. By Surgeon CHARLES S. TRIPLER
U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Army of the Potomac 62
LIL Telegram to the Surgeon General, dated White House, May 18, 1862. By Surgeon C. S. TIUPLER, U. S. Army,
Medical Director of the Army of the Potomac 63
LIII. Extracts from a Narrative of his Services in the Peninsular Campaign. By Surgeon J. F. HAMMOND, U. S. Army,
Medical Director of the Second Army Corps 63
LIV. Report from the Depot Hospital of the Fair Oaks Battle-ground. By Surgeon J. F. HAMMOND, U. S. Army,
Medical Director of the Second Army Corps 65
LV. Extract from a Letter to the Surgeon General's Office in relation to the Hospital Arrangements of the Second Corps in
the Peninsular Campaign. By Surgeon J. F. HAMMOND, U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Second Army
Corps 65
LVI. Extracts from a Narrative of his Services from the Outbreak of the Rebellion to June 29, 1863. By Surgeon J. B.
BUOWN, U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Fourth Army Corps 66
LVII. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Volunteer Medical Staff. By Surgeon CHARLES O'LEARV,
U. S. Volunteers 70
LVIII. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Volunteer Medical Staff. By Surgeon O. A. JITDSON, U. S.
Volunteers 71
LIX. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Volunteer Medical Staff. By Surgeon EDWIN BENTLEY, U. S.
Volunteers 72
LX. Extracts from a Personal Contribution to the Medical and Surgical History of the Rebellion. By Assistant Surgeon
A. A. WOODHULL, U. S. Army 73
LXI. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Medical Services. By Assistant Surgeon CHARLES R. GREENLEAF, U. S.
Army 73
LXII. Second Extract from a Report of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon ALEXANDER INGRAM,
U.S. Army 74
LXIII. Extracts from a Report of his Services in the Medical Staff, from May, 1861, to May, 1863. By Assistant Surgeon
C. E. GODDARD, U. S. Army 74
LXIV. Extracts from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff, from December 20, 1861, to May 29, 1863. By
Assistant Surgeon A. H. SMITH, U. S. Army 75
LXV. Extracts from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon H. S. SCHELL, U; S. Army. 76
LXVI. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff, from April 24, 1881, to June 17, 1863. By Assist
ant Surgeon H. E. BROWN, U. S. Army - 7?
LXVII. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff, from December 3, 1861 to June 3, 1863. By
Assistant Surgeon EDWARD T. WHITTINUHAM, U. S. Army
LXVIII. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon W. E. WATERS, U. S.
Army
LXIX. Extract from a Personal History of his Services during the War. By Assistant Surgeon W. C. SPENCER, IT. S.
Army 8l
LXX. Extracts from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Surgeon D. W. HAND. U. S. Volunteers. .
LXXI. Extracts from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon J. V. D. MlDDLETON,
U. S. Army
LXXII. Extract from a Narratirc of his Scrriccs in the Medical Staff. By Surgeon JOHN' W. FOYE, U. !
LXXIII. Report of the Operations of the Medical Staff of General Scd;/wirLJ» Division of the Second Army Corps at the
Battle of Fair Oaks. By Surgeon Joux A. LIDKLL, U. S. Volunteers...
LXXIV. Second Extract from a Na-rative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Surgeon ZKNAS E. BLISS,
Vol unteers
LXXV. Report of the Operations of the Medical Department at the Battle of Fair Oak*. By Surgeon FRANK II. HAM
ILTON, U. S. Volunteers
LXXVI. Second Extract from a Report on the Duties assigned to him from the Outbreak of the Itcbi
By Assistant Surgeon G. M. STHRMSKIJC.. IT. S. Army..
358 TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page.
LXXVII. Extract from a Report on the Surgery at Fair Oaks. By Surgeon C. S. WOOD, 66th New York Volunteers.. 88
LXXVIII. Extract from a Report of his Sen-ices in the Medical Staff. By Surgeon J. D. BRUMLEY, U. S. Volunteers. 89
LXXIX. Second Extract from a Report of his Services from June 1, 1861, to June 19, 1863. By Assistant Surgeon
PHILIP C. DAVIS, U. S. Army 89
LXXX. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon JOHN T. REILY, U. S. Army. 89
LXXXI. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Peninsular Campaign. By Assistant Surgeon J. THEODORE
CALHOUN, U. S. Army 91
LXXXII. Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Army of the Potomac from July 4 to
December 31, 1862. By JONATHAN LETTERMAN, Surgeon U. S. Army, Medical Director Army of the Potomac. 92
LXXXIII. Second Extract from Memoranda for the Surgical History of the War. By Assistant Surgeon B. HOWARD,
U. S. Army 104
LXXXIV. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon JOHN T. RKILY,
U. S. Army 105
LXXXV. Second Extract from a Report of Services. By Assistant Surgeon C. C. GRAY, U. S. Army 105
LXXXVI. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Surgeon 0. F. H. CAMPBELL, U. S.
Volunteers 106
LXXXVIL Third Extract from a Report of his Services. By Assistant Surgeon PHILIP C. DAVIS, U. S. Army 106
LXXX VIII. Extracts from a Narrative of his Services. By Assistant Surgeon JAMES H. PEABODY, U. S. Volunteers.. 107
LXXXIX. Second Extract from a Personal Contribution to the Medical and Surgical History of the Rebellion. By
Assistant Surgeon A. A. WOODHULL, U. S. Army 107
XC. Third Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon ALEXANDER INGRAM,
U. S. Army 107
XCI. Extract from a Report on the Medical History of the 103d New York Volunteers. By A. STEINACII, Assistant
Surgeon 103d New York Volunteers 108
XCII. Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Army of Virginia. By THOMAS A. McPARLiN, Surgeon
U. S. Army, Medical Director ~ 108
XCIII. Extract from a Report. By Surgeon J. Y. CANTWELL, 82d Ohio Volunteers 117
XCIV. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon SAMUEL HART, U. S.
Volunteers H?
XCV. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon PHILIP ADOLPHUS, U. S Army. 118
XCVI. Third Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Surgeon C. F. H. CAMPBELL, U. S.
Volunteers - H°
XCVII. Extracts from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff during the Summer of 1862. By Surgeon THOMAS
ANTISELL, U. S. Volunteers 1 19
XCVIII. Extracts from a Narrative of his Services. By Surgeon N. R. MOSELY, U. S. Volunteers 122
XCIX. Extract from a Report to the Surgeon General. By Assistant Surgeon WM. P. GRIER, U. S. Army.. ... 124
C. Report with regard to the Removal of the Wounded after the Second Battle of Manassas. By Medical Inspector R. H.
COOLIDGE, U. S. Army 1^4
CI. Memorandum with regard to the Removal of the Wounded after the Second Battle of Manassas. By Assistant Surgeon
J. J. WOODWARD, U. S. Army 127
CII. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Surgeon JOHN W. FOYE, U. S. Volunteers. 127
CHI. Third Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon JOHN T. REILY, U. S.
Army 127
CIV. Third Extract from a Personal Contribution to the Medical and Surgical History of the Rebellion. By Assistant
Surgeon A. A. WOODHULL, U. S. Army 128
CV. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services. By Assistant Surgeon J. THEODORE CALHOUN, U. S. Army 128
CVI. Third Extract from Memoranda for the Surgical History of the War. By Assistant Surgeon B. HOWARD, U. S.
Army 128
CVII. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon A. H. SMITH, U. S.
Army 129
CVIII. Extract from a Narrative of his Services. By Assistant Surgeon CHARLES C. LEE, U. S. Army 130
CIX. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon H. S. SCHELL, U. S.
Army 130
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 359
Page.
CX. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Surgeon J. T. HEARD, U. S. Volunteers 131
CXI. Third Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Surgeon JOHN W. FOYE, U. S.
Volunteers 132
CXII. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon C. BACON U. S. Army. 132
CXIII. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon DE WITT C. PETERS U.
S- Army 133
CXIV. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon FRANKLIN GRUBE U. S.
Volunteers ^33
CXV. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon PHILIP ADOLPIITJS
U. S. Army 133
CXVI. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Volunteer Medical Staff. By Surgeon CHARLES O'LEARY
U. S. Volunteers 134
CXVII. Second Extract from a Report on the Medical History of the 103c£ Neiv York Volunteers. By Assistant Surgeon
A. STEIN ACII, 103d New York Volunteers 134
CXVIII. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon C. M. COLTON, U. S.
Army 134
CXIX. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon J. S. BILLINGS, U. S.
Army 135
CXX. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services. By Surgeon J. T. HEARD, U. S. Volunteers I3(j
CXXI. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon C. BACON, U. S.
Army 137
CXXII. Third Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon PHILIP ADOLPHUS,
U. S. Army 137
CXXIII. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon FRANKLIN
GRUBE, U. S. Volunteers 138
CXXIV. Third Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Surgeon CHARLES O'LEARY, U. S.
Volunteers 138
CXXV. Fourth Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Surgeon JOHN W. FOYE, U. S.
Volunteers 139
CXXVI. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon E. DE W. BRE NEMAN,
U. S. Army 139
CXXVII. Fourth Extract from Memoranda for the Surgical History of the War. By Assistant Surgeon B. HOWARD,
U. S. Army 139
CXXVIII. Third Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon J. T. CALHOUN,
U. S. Army 140
CXXIX. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon C. M. COLTON,
U. S. Army 140
CXXX. Eeport on the Operations of the Medical Department during the Battle of Gettysburg. By Surgeon JONATHAN
LETTERMAN, U. S. A., Medical Director Army of the Potomac 140
CXXXI. Fourth Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon J. T. CALHOUN,
U. S. Army 142
CXXXII. Report on the Transportation of Wounded after the Battle of Gettysburg. By Medical Inspector E. P. VOLLUM,
U. S. Army 143
CXXXIII. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon J. S. BILLINGS,
U. S. Army 145
CXXXIV. Fifth Extract from Memoranda for the Surgical History of the War. By Assistant Surgeon B. HOWARD,
U. S. Army 146
CXXXV. Third Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon C. BACON, U. S.
Army 146
CXXXVI. Extract from a Report with regard to the Battle of Gettysburg. By Surgeon J. \V. LYMAN, 57th Penn
sylvania Volunteers 147
CXXX VII. Report of the Medical Director of the Army of the Potomac, from January 14 to July 31, 1864. By Surgeon
THOMAS A. McPARLlN, U. S. Army 148
360 TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page.
CXXXVIII. Statement of Fund accruing from Newspaper Tax, expendable by the Medical Director. From January 28,
1864, to November 21, 1864 167
CXXXIX. SCHKDULE A. — Consolidated Statement of Articles and Quantities of Medical and Hospital Property carried
with the Army of the Potomac across the Eapidan, May 4, 1364 168
CXL. SCHEDULE B. — Consolidated Report of Means of Transportation, Clothing, Camp and Garrison Equipage, Army
of the Potomac, May 1, 1864. 171
CXLI. SCHEDULE C. — List of Articles and Quantities of Medical and Hospital Stores received at Belle Plain, Virginia,
May 10, 1864 172
CXLII. Abstract from the Consolidated Ecports of the Ambulance Corps for the Months of May, June, and July, 1864. .. 172
CXLIII. Report of the Medical Director of the Army of the Potomac from August 1, to December 31, 1864. By Surgeon
THOMAS A. McPARLix, V. S. Army 172
CXLIV. Extract from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Cavalry during Kilpatrick's llaid.
By Surgeon CHARLES E. HACKI.EY, U. S. Volunteers 178
CXLV. Extract from a Import on the Expedition of the Cavalry Corps during May, 1864. By Assistant Surgeon
GEORGE M. McGii.L, U. S. Army 179
CXLVI. Extract from a Report on the Operations of the Cavalry Corps of the Army of the Potomac, from June 6 to
July 1, 1864. By Surgeon R. W. PEASE, U. S. Volunteers 180
CXLVII. Extract from a Report on the Operations of the Ambulance Corps of the Fifth Army Corps during the occupation
of the Wcldon Railroad, August 18 to 21, 1864. By Captain W. F. DRUM, Chief Ambulance Officer of the
]• ifth Corps 180
CXLVIII. Extracts from the Report of the Acting Assistant Medical Purveyor of the Army of the Potomac for May and
June, 1864. By Assistant Surgeon THOMAS G. MACKENZIE, U. S. Army 181
CXLIX. Extracts from the Report of the Medical Director of the Second Corps for May, June and July, 1864. By
Surgeon A. N. DOUGHERTY, U. S. Volunteers 182
CL. Extracts from the Report of the Medical Director of the Second Corps for August, September and October, 1864. By
Surgeon J. McNuLTY, U. S. Volunteers 187
CLI. Extracts from the Report of the Depot Field Hospital of the Army of the Potomac, from May to October, 1864. By
Surgeon E. B. DALTOX, U. S. Volunteers 191
CLII. Extracts from the Report of the Medical and Hospital Department of the Second Division, Cavalry Corps, Army of
the Potomac, from July 19 to December 31, 1864. By Assistant Surgeon E. J. MARSH, U. S. Army 194
CLIII. Extract from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Department during the Expedition against the Weldon
Railroad, December 7 to 12, 1864. By Assistant Surgeon CHARLES K. WINNE, U. S. Army 198
C'LIV. Report on the Treatment of Diseases and Injuries in the Army of the Potomac during 1864. By Assistant
Surgeon J. S. BILLINGS, U. S. Army 199
CLV. R(port of the Medical Director of the Army of the Potomac, from January 1, 1865, to the Close of the War. By
Surgeon. THOMAS A. MCPARLIN, U. S. Army 202
CLVI. Extracts from the Report of the Medical Inspector of the Army of the Potomac for March and April, 1865. By
Surgeon J. A. LIDELL, U. S. Volunteers 206
CLVII. Extract from the Report of the Depot Field Hospital of the Army of the Potomac from March 27 to June 30,
1865. By Surgeon G. B. PARKER, U. S. Volunteers 210
CLVIII. Extracts from the Report of the Medical Director of the Fifth Corps from November 1, 1864, to April 30, 1865.
By Surgeon T. RUSH SPENCER, U. S. Volunteers 211
CLIX. Extracts from the Report of the Medical Inspector of the Fifth Army Corps for March and April, 1865. By
Assistant Surgeon CHARLES K. WINNE, U. S. Army 212
CLX. Extract from the Report of the Surgeon-in-chief of the First Division, Fifth Corps. By Surgeon W. R. DE WITT, Jr.,
IT. S. Volunteers 213
CLXI. Extract from the Report of the Surgeon- in-chief of the Second Division, Fifth Corps, from November 1, 1864, to
April 30, 1865. By T. M. FLANDR AU, Surgeon 146th New York Volunteers 214
CLXII. Extract from the Report of the Surgeon-in-chief of the Third Division, Fifth Corps, from November 1, 1864, to
April 30, 1865. By W. O. McDONALD, Surgeon U. S. Volunteers 214
CLXIII. Extracts from the Report of the Surgeon of the Artillery Brigade, Fifth Corps. By C. F. IlAYNES, Surgeon
U. S. Volunteers 215
CLX1V. Extracts from the Report of the Medical Director of the Second Corps, for March and April, 1865. By Surgeon
CHARLES PAGE, U. S. Army 215
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
iig'e.
CLXV. Extracts from the Report of the Medical Inspector of the Second Corps, for March and April, 1865. By Assistant
Surgeon C. SMART, U. S. Army 9ig
CLXVI. Extracts from the Report of the Operations of the Ambulance Corps of the Second Corps during March and
April, 1865. By Captain J. G. PELTON, Chief of Ambulances 219
CLXVII. Extracts from the Report of the Medical Inspector of the Ninth Corps for March, 1865. By Assistant Surgeon
SAMUEL ADAMS, U. S. Army oon
CLXVIII. Extracts from the Report of the Chief Medical Officer of the Second Division, Cavalry Corps, Army of the Potomac
from January 1 to March 28, 1865. By Assistant Surgeon E. J. MARSH, U. S. Army 221
CLXIX. Extracts from the Report of the Medical Director of the Twenty-fourth Corps, Army of the James, from March 27
to April 30, 1865. By Surgeon J. B. MORRISON, U. S. Volunteers 222
CLXX. Report of the Medical Director of the Army of the Middle Military Division, from August 27 to December 31 1864.
By Surgeon J. T. GHISELIN, U. S. Army 223
CLXXI. Extract from a Report on the Wounded at the Engagements at Cloyffs Mountain and Neio River Bridge. By
Surgeon G. M. KELLOGG, U. S. Volunteers 227
CLXXII. Letter of Transmittal of Lists of Casualties at Neio Market. By Surgeon J. V. Z. BLAXEY, U. S. V., Medical
Director of the Department of West Virginia 227
CLXXIII. Extract from a Letter relative to the Wounded at New Market. By Assistant Surgeon CHARLES G. ALLEN
34th Massachusetts Volunteers 227
CLXXIV. Extracts from a Report of the Casualties in the Engagement at Saltville, Virginia, October 2; 1864. By Surgeon
J. G. HATCHITT, U. S. Volunteers 228
CLXXV. Report of the Post Hospital at Winchester, Virginia, in May and June, 1862, By Surgeon J. B. PEALE, U. S.
Volunteers 228
CLXXVI. Extracts from a Report on the Wounded at the Battle of Piedmont, treated at a Confederate Hospital at Staunton.
By Assistant Surgeon WILLIAM GRUMBEIN, 20th Pennsylvania Volunteers 228
CLXXVII. General Summary of Casualties at the Battle of Piedmont. By Surgeon THOMAS B. REED, U. S. Volunteers. 229
CLXXVIII. Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Department at the Action near Winchester, on March
23, 1862. By Surgeon W. S. KING, U. S. Army, Medical Director 229
CLXXIX. Report of the Killed and Wounded at the Action near Winchester, March 23, 1862. By Surgeon W. S. KING,
U. S. Army 229
CLXXX. Report of the Killed and Wounded in the Action near Winchester, May 25, 1862. By Surgeon THOMAS
ANTISELL, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director of the Department of Shenandoah 230
CLXXXI. Extracts from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff, from April, 1861, to April, 1862. By Surgeon
GEORGE E. COOPER, U. S. Army 230
CLXXXII. Extracts from Report of the Casualties in a Skirmish at Coosaio River, January 1, 1862. By Surgeon GEORGE
E. COOPER. U. S. Army, Medical Director Department of the South 233
CLXXXIII. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon D. C. PETERS, U. S.
Army 234
CLXXXIV. Report of the Operations of the Medical Department at the Occupation of Roanoke Island. By Brigade
Surgeon VV. H. CHURCH, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director 236
CLXXXV. Extracts from a Report on the Battle of Roanoke Island. By Surgeon J. II. THOMPSON, U. S. Volunteers.. 237
CLXXXVI. Extracts from Report of the Casualties at the Battle of New Berne. By Brigade Surgeon W. H. CHURCH,
U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director
CLXXXVII. Extracts from a Narrative of his Services during the War. By Surgeon B. B. BREED, IT. S. Volunteers...
CLXXXVIII. Extracts from Reports relative to the Operations of the Medical Staff in the Department of North Carolina,
from August, 1863, to the Close of the War. By Surgeon D. W. HAND, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director in
North Carolina
CLXXXIX. Extract from a Letter to the Surgeon General relative to Skirmishes near Kinston, North Carolina. By
Surgeon D. W. HAND, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director
CXC. Extract from a Report on the Casualties at Morris Island, in August and September, 1863. By Surgeon HORACE
R. WIRTZ, U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Department of the South...
CXCI. Extracts from a Report on Wounded after the Assault on Fort Wagner, in July, 1863. By Surgeon J. J. CRAVEN,
U. S. Volunteers
CXCII. Extracts from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon JOHN BELL, U. v Army. 243
46
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page.
CXCIII. Extracts from a Report on the Operations of the Medical Staff in the Expedition ending in the Engagement at
' Olustee, Florida. By Surgeon E. SWIFT, U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Department of the South 243
CXCIV. Extract* from a Report on the Operations of the Medical Department in Florida, in February, 1864. By Surgeon
ADOLF MAJER, U. S. Volunteers 245
CXCV. Extracts from a Narrative of his Services. By Assistant Surgeon W. F. CORNICK, U. S. Army 246
CXCVI. Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Union Forces at the Action at
Richmond, Kentucky, in August, 1862. By Assistant Surgeon B. J. D. IRWIN, U. S. Army, Medical Director. . 246
CXCVII. Extracts from a Report on the Operations of the Medical Department at the Battle of lulca, September 19, 1862.
By Surgeon A. B. CAMPBELL, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director Army of the Mississippi 248
CXCVIII. Extracts from a Second Report of the Casualties at the Battle of luka, September 19, 1862. By Surgeon A. B.
CAMPBELL, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director of the Army of the Mississippi 248
CXCIX. Extracts from a Report on the Operations of the Medical Staff at the Battle of Corinth, October 3 and 4, 1862.
By Surgeon A. B. CAMPBELL, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director of the Army of the Mississippi 249
CC. Extracts from a Second Report on the Casualties at the Battle of Corinth, October 3 and 4, 1862. By Surgeon A. B.
CAMPBELL, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director of the Army of the Mississippi - - . - 249
CCI. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Sta/. By Assistant Surgeon J. C. G. HAPPERSETT, U. S.
Army 250
CCII. Extracts from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Surgeon J. G. HATCHITT, U. S. Volunteers.. 250
CCIII. Third Extract from a Narrative of his Services. By Surgeon J. G. KEENON, U. S. Volunteers 251
CCIV. Extracts from a Report relative to the Casualties at the Battle of Perryville, Kentucky, October 8, 1862. By
Surgeon GEORGE G. SHUMARD, U. S. Volunteers 251
CCV. Extracts from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Surgeon G. G. SHUMARD, U. S. Volunteers. . 252
CCVT. Extracts from a Report on the Care of the Wounded after the Battle of Perryville. By Surgeon J. G. HATCHITT,
U. S. Volunteers 253
CCVII. Riport of the Operations of the Medical Staff at the Battle of Murfreesboro' , Tennessee. By Surgeon E. SwiFT,
U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Department of the Cumberland - 255
CCVIII. Extract from a Report of the Casualties of the Centre Division of the Fourteenth Corps at the Battle of Mur
freesboro'. By Surgeon G. D. BEEBE, U. S. Volunteers 259
CCIX. Extracts from Reports of the Operations of. the Medical Department of the Left Winy of the Fourteenth Corps at
the Battle of Murfreesboro'. By Surgeon A. J. PHELPS, U. S. Volunteers 259
CCX. Extracts from a Report of the Medical Staff of the First Division of the Twenty-first Corps at the Battle of Stone's
River. By Surgeon W. W. BLAIR, 58th Indiana Volunteers 262
CCXI. Report on the Casualties of the Second Division of the Left Wing of the Army of the Cumberland at the Battle of
Murfreesboro'. By Surgeon M. G. SHERMAN, 9th Indiana Volunteers, Acting Medical Director 263
CCXII. Extracts from a Report on the Surgery in the Fourteenth Army Corps after the Battle of Murfreesboro'. By
Surgeon C. J. WALTON, 21st Kentucky Volunteers 264
CCXIII Extract from a Report of Casualties in the Right Wing of the Fourteenth Army Corps at Murfreesboro.' By
Surgeon C. McDERMONT, U. S. Volunteers 264
CCXIV. Extracts from a Medical Report on the Murfreesboro' Campaign. By Surgeon S. O. HIMOE, 15th Wisconsin
Volunteers 264
CCXV. Extracts from a Report on the Medical Purveying at the Battle of Murfreesboro'. By Assistant Surgeon H. C.
BARRELL, 27th Illinois Volunteers 265
CCXVI. Report on the Operations of the Medical Department at the Battle of Chickamauga. By Surgeon G. PKRIN,
U. S. Army, Medical Director 265
CCXVII. Report on the Operations of the Medical Staff of the Fourteenth Army Corps at the Battle of Chickamauga.
By Surgeon F. H. GROSS, U. S. Volunteers 268
CCXVI1I. Extracts from a Report of the Wounded of the First Division of the Fourteenth Corps at the Battle of Chicka-
mauga. By Surgeon S. MARKS, 10th Wisconsin Volunteers 270
CXIX. Extracts from a Report of the Wounded of the Second Division of the Fourteenth Corps at the Battle of Chicka-
mauya. By Surgeon R. G. BOGUE, 19th Illinois Volunteers 272
CCXX. Extracts from a Report of the Wounded of the Third Division of the Fourteenth Corps at the Battle of Chicka-
mauga. By Surgeon M. C. TOLLMAN, 2d Minnesota Volunteers 273
CCXXI. Report on the Operations of the Medical Staff of the Twentieth Army Corps at the Battle of Chickamauga.
By Surgeon JABEZ PERKINS, 10th Kentucky Volunteers 274
TABLE OF CONTENTS. 363
CCXXII. Extracts from a Report of the Wounded of the First Division of the Twentieth Corps at the Battle of Chicka-
mauga. By Surgeon L. D. WATERMAN, 39th Indiana Volunteers 275
CCXXIII. Extracts from a Report of the Wounded of the Second Division of the Twentieth Corps at the Battle of Chicka-
mauga. By Surgeon CHARLES SCHUSSLER, 6th Indiana Volunteers 276
CCXXIV. Extracts from a Report of the Wounded of the Third Division of the Twentieth Corps at the Battle of Chicka-
mauga. By Surgeon D. J. GRIFFITHS, 2d Kentucky Volunteers 277
CCXXV. Report on the Operations of the Medical Staff of the Twenty-first Army Corps at the Battle of Chickamauga.
By Surgeon A. J. PHELPS, U. S. Volunteers 277
CCXXVI. Extracts from a Report of the Wounded of the First Division of the Twenty-first Corps at the Battle of Chicka
mauga. By Surgeon W. W: BLAIR, 58th Indiana Volunteers 278
CCXXVII. Extracts from a Report of the Wounded of the Second Division of the Twenty-first Corps at the Battle of
Chickamauga. By Surgeon S. G. MENZIES, 1st Kentucky Volunteers 280
CCXXVIII. Extract from a Report of the Wounded of the Third Division of the Twenty-first Corps at the Battle of
Chickamauga. By Surgeon SAMUEL D. TURKEY, U. S. Volunteers 280
CCXXIX. Extract from a Report on the Casualties in the Cavalry Corps of the Army of the Cumberland at the Battle of
Chickamauga. By Surgeon L. A. JAMES, 4th Ohio Cavalry 281
CCXXX. Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon SAMUEL HART, U. S.
Volunteers 281
CCXXXI. Extracts from a Report on the Hospitals at Chattanooga after the Battle of Chickamauga. By Surgeon ISRAEL
MOSES, U. S. Volunteers 281
CCXXXII. Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Staff of the Second and Third Divisions of the
Eleventh Corps at the Battle of Wauhatchie. By Surgeon D. G. BRIXTON, U. S. Volunteers 282
CCXXXIII. Extracts from a Report on the Hospitals of the Second Division of the Twelfth Corps at the Battle of Wau
hatchie. By Surgeon J. E. HERBST, U. S. Volunteers 282
CCXXXIV. Report of the Operations of the Medical Department at the Battle of Chattanooga. By Surgeon GLOVER
PERIN, U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Army of the Cumberland 283
CCXXXV. Report on the Operations of the Medical Department at the Battle of Chattanooga. By Surgeon JOHN MOORE,
U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Army of the Tennessee 284
CCXXXVI. Extracts from Memoranda of Events in the Campaigns of the Army of the Cumberland about Chattanooga.
By Assistant Surgeon DALLAS BACHE, U. S. Army 287
CCXXXVII. Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Staff of the Fourth Corps at the Battle of Chatta
nooga. By Surgeon A. J. PHELPS, U. S. Volunteers 290
CCXXXVIII. Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Staff in the First Division of the Fourth Corps at
the Battle of Chattanooga. By Surgeon S. G. MENZIES, 1st Kentucky Volunteers 291
CCXXXIX. Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Third Division of the Fourth
Army Corps, in the Campaign from October 26, 1863, to January 18, 1864, By Surgeon W. W. BLAIR, 58th
Indiana Volunteers 292
CCXL. Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Staff of the Eleventh Corps at the Battle of Chattanooga.
By Surgeon D. G. BRINTON, U. S. Volunteers 293
CCXLI. Extracts from a Report on the Operations of the Medical Staff of the Second Division of the Twelfth Corps, at tlu
Battle of Lookout Mountain. By Surgeon A. BALL, 5th Ohio Volunteers 294
CCXLII. Extract from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Staff of the Fourteenth Corps at the Battle of Chatta
nooga. By Surgeon F. H. GROSS, U. S. Volunteers 294
CCXLIII. Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Staff in the First Division of the Fourteenth Corps at
the Battle of Chattanooga. By Surgeon B. F. MILLEU, 2d Ohio Volunteers 295
CCXLIV. Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Staff in the Second Division of the Fourteenth Corps
at the Battle of Chattanooga. By Surgeon H. R. PAYNE, 10th Illinois Volunteers 296
CCXLV. Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Staff in the Third Division of the Fourteenth Corps at
the Battle of Chattanooga. By Surgeon R. G. BoGUE, 19th Illinois Volunteers
CCXLVI. Extracts from a Report on the Casualties of the First Division of the Fourth Corps at the Battle of Buzzard
Roost. By Surgeon S. G. MENZIES, 1st Kentucky Volunteers
CCXLVII. Extract from a Report on the Casualties of the Second Division of the Fourteenth Corps in the Action at
Buzzard Roost, Georgia. By Surgeon ST. JOHN W. MINTZER, U. S. Volunteers...
CCXLVIII. Extract from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Third Division of the Fourteenth
Army Corps, in the Action at Buzzard Roost, Georgia. By Surgeon ROSWKLL G. BOGUE, 19th Illinois Volunteers.
3(34 TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page.
CCXLIX. Extract from a Eeport of the Ambulance Train of the Fourteenth Corps, at Buzzard Roost. By Captain
WILLIAM H. COLLINS, Chief of the Ambulance Corps 298
CCL. Eeport on the Operations of the' Medical Department of the Army of the Cumberland, in the Campaign through
Georgia, in the summer of 1864. By Surgeon GEORGE E. COOPER, U. S. Army, Medical Director 299
CCLI. Extracts from a Eeport on the Operations of the Medical Staff of the Fourth Army Corps in the Campaign in
Georgia, in 1864. By Surgeon J. THEODORE HEARD, U. S. Volunteers - 302
CCLII. Extracts from the Eeport of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Fourteenth Corps, from Big Shanty
to Atlanta, Georgia, in 1864. By Surgeon C. W. JONES, U. S. Volunteers 303
CCLIII. Extract from a Eeport on the Surgical Operations performed after the Engagement at Jonesboro', Georgia. By
Surgeon EDWAED BATWELL, 14th Michigan Volunteers 303
CCLIV. Extract from a Eeport of the Casualties in the Fourteenth Corps at the Battle of Jonesloro', Georgia, September
1, 1864. By Surgeon W. C. DANIELS, U. S. Volunteers 304
CCLV. Extract from a Eeport of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Twentieth Corps, in the Campaign ending
with the fall of Atlanta. By Surgeon JOHN W. FOYE, U. S. Volunteers 304
CCLVI. Extracts from a Eeport of the Operations of the Medical Department of the First Division of the Twentieth Corps
in the Campaign ending with the fall of Atlanta. By Surgeon H. Z. GILL, U. S. Volunteers 306
CCLVII. Extracts from a Eeport on the Operations of the Medical Department of the Second Division of the Twentieth
Corps in the Campaign ending with the fall of Atlanta. By Surgeon H. E. GOODMAN, U. S. Volunteers 306
CCLVIII. Extracts from a Eeport of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Third Division of the Twentieth
Corps in the Campaign ending with the fall of Atlanta. By Surgeon W. GRINSTED, U. S. Volunteers 307
CCLIX. Eeport on the Military Medicine, Surgery, and General Conduct of the Medical Department of the Army of the
Ohio, from May 1, 1864, to September 8, 1864. By Surgeon H. S. HEWIT, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director.. 309
CC'LX. Extracts from Eeports on the Casualties of the Army of the Ohio, from May 8 to August 24, 1864. By Surgeon
H. S. HEWIT, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director 316
CCLXI. Extracts from a Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Second Division of the Twenty-third.
Corps during the Atlanta Campaign. By Surgeon J. W. LAWTON, U. S. Volunteers 317
CCLXII. Extracts from a Eeport of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Third Division of the Twenty-third
Corps, from June 11 to September 10, 1864. By Surgeon C. S. FRINK, U. S. Volunteers 318
CCLXIII. Extracts from a Eeport on the Wounded in the Army of the Ohio during the Campaign in Georgia. By Surgeon
A.M. WILDER, U. S. Volunteers 319
CCLX1V. Letter to the Surgeon General relative to General Sherman's Campaign from Atlanta to the Coast. By Surgeon
JOHN MOORE, U. S. Army, Medical Director of the Department of the Tennessee 320
CCLXV. Extracts from a Eeport of the Medical Staff of the First Division of the Tiventieth Corps, during the March from
Atlanta to Savannah, in 1864. By Surgeon H. Z. GILL, U. S. Volunteers 320
CCLXVI. Eeport of the Operations of the Medical Department of General Sherman's Army from January, 1865, to the
Close of the War. By Surgeon JOHN MOORE, U. S. Army, Medical Director 321
CCLXVII. Eeport of the Medical Department of the Army of the Cumberland, from September 1 to December 31, 1864.
By Surgeon GEORGE E. COOPER, U. S. Army, Medical Director 323
CCLXVIII. Extracts from a Eeport of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Fourth Army Corps at Spring Hill,
Franklin, and Nashville, Tennessee. By Surgeon J. T. HEARD, U. S. Volunteers 325
CCLXIX. Extracts from a Eeport of the Casualties in the Brigade composed of the 8th, 9th, and 13th Tennessee Cavalry
Eegiments at the Engagement at Bull's Gap, Tennessee. By Surgeon A. L. CARRICK, 2d Tennessee Cavalry 326
CCLXX. Eeport of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Cavalry Corps of the Military Division of the
Mississippi in Alabama and Georgia, from March 22 to August 20, 1865. By Surgeon F. SALTER, U. S. Vol
unteers, Medical Director 327
CCXXI. Extract from a Eeport of a Medical Inspection of General Grant's Army, April 23, 1863. By Medical Inspector
E. P. VOLLUM, U. S. Army '. 330
CCLXXII. Eeport of the Medical Director of the Army of the Tennessee, from May 1 to July 4, 1863. By Surgeon
MADISON MILLS, U. S. Army 331
CCLXXIII. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services in the Medical Staff. By Assistant Surgeon C. S. DuGiiAW,
U. S. Army 333
CCLXXIV. Extracts from the Eeport of the Chief Medical Officer of Kimlall's Provisional Division, for June, 1863. By
Surgeon J. C. WHITKIIILL, U. S. Volunteers 334
CCLXXV. Extract from a Eeport on the Actions before Jackson, Mississij)pi, from July 6 to 20, 1863. By Surgeon
CHARLES MCMILLAN, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director of the Fifteenth Corps 334
TABLE OF CONTENTS. ^ 365
Page.
CCLXXVI. Extract from a Report on the Battle of Baton Rouge, Louisiana. By Surgeon EZRA READ, 21st Indiana
Volunteers .* 335
CCLXXVII. Extracts from the Eeports of the Chief Medical Officer of the 2d Division, Nineteenth Corps. By Surgeon
EUGENE F. SAXGER, U. S. Volunteers 335
CCLXXVIII. Extracts from the Report of the Medical Director of the Nineteenth Corps, for April, 1864. By Surgeon
EUGENE F. SANGER, U. S. Volunteers 335
CCLXXIX. Extracts from the Report of the Operations of the Medical Department of the Army of the Military Division
of West Mississippi, during the Campaign against Mobile, Alabama. By Surgeon E. H. ABADIE, U. S. Army,
Medical Director 337
CCLXXX. Extract from the Report of the Chief Medical Officer of the Forces Operating from Pensacola Bay against
Blakely, Alabama. By Surgeon P. A. WILLIS, 83d Ohio Volunteers 337
CCLXXXI. Extract from the Report of the Medical Director of the Thirteenth Army Corps for the Campaign against
Mobile. By Surgeon C. B. WHITE, U. S. Volunteers, Medical Director 338
CCLXXXII. Extract from the Report of the Medical Director of the Sixteenth Corps for the Campaign against Mobile.
By Surgeon W. H. THOM, U. S. Volunteers 339
CCLXXXIII. Extracts from a Report on the Operations of the Medical Department during the Battle of Pea Ridge. By
Surgeon D. L. McGuGix, 3d Iowa Cavalry 340
CCLXXXIV. Second Extract from a Narrative of his Services on the Medical Staff. By Surgeon GEORGE H. HUBBARD,
U. S. Volunteers 341
CCLXXXV. Extract from a Report on the Operations of the Medical Department during the Battle of Prairie Grove,
Arkansas. By Surgeon IRA RUSSELL, U. S. Volunteers 342
CCLXXXVI. Extracts from the Sanitary Reports of the Department of Arkansas for 1863. 1864, and 1865. By Surgeon
J. R, SMITH, U. S. Army, Medical Director 343
CCLXXXVII. Extract from a Report on the Operations of the Medical Department at the Battle of Valverde, New
Mexico. By Surgeon BASIL NORRIS, U. S. Army 346
CCLXXXVIII. Extract from the Quarterly Report of Sick and Wounded at Fort Craig, New Mexico, for the Quarter
ending June 30, 1862. By Surgeon BASIL NORRIS, U. S. Army 347
CCLXXXIX. Extract from a Report on the March of the Column from California, from Fort Yuma to the Rio Grande,
during the summer of 1862. By Surgeon JAMES M. McNULT Y, U. S. Volunteers 347
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