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:;<y. -., oL-aljOj^> C^l^ ^-ii . V-^ ^-»> >''>^ ^^ ^^"^ ^ ->-^ "^^ 

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^L^Jli J,ljidl vilh j^b j <^Ulj »VLai »iij> J ^ d iUiUia.VI SLj^l o^^-i J 
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^L_alJ il£jUi ^j^V i> -i^l O- '^^^' o£-^ <f^J^' c:.U>UI »J4^ ^U^l 

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-_ Yo 






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— r^ — 

l»^p-.^ 1^1 J«l^l »ji«:i, j*l^ M ^^ ^1^1 ,_^jA; ^Ui?.Vr ^ ^\ — '^ 

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Social Survey ^^l^^l ^«*H — ^ 

"5}CZ^<iL <i^^ ^ Whitney ^^^ u.^ j> _^^^j^|jj^^ Tia ^» ^t 
rTTi^Ii ^U^ 3I U < io j1 ^U^ ^^' ^'^^ ^j^x-^J ^3:^^^ ^^^^" ^ 

t j^ ■L^jsA\ 4 .Aa'.ll jl^ ' t.f4*JI ^i^l ^U : iS^^. 0<^J^ -^^ *^) 

♦ o o^ 

(T) 

(2) Whitney F., The Elemento of Research, New York, 1945, p. 155. 

(Y) 

(3) Young, Scientific social surveys and Research, N. Y., 1947, p. 195. 



— TA — 



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. VTA — VYo o-'lt- ' nVV ' ^-^ _ <^j ia:i£^ 



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^1 :i^ji_^_jj| oULJI J^j__^ ^1 C 4..i^p ^ JS J cuULJI j^__p _ . 

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, t «lS aj A^-Si., t(^-i lAAj i A «n-\t Cj'jli (_y^J 



— U — 
m»torical Method 

i^Uit jJLSjll '>-j-^ VI j^i^jiit <> Uit-^ s^ l-^j ' Juiu4L. Vj ^UJL. 
j u . o^i^' \> o> ^-^— ^ J^ o>~=^' *^j-^ '-^ 'j>^ o^ r*:4^ ^'j 

j J^bJI jftl_j]£j1 .".K.r, cj^ ^ ^ ^1^( jji=:i d^^ LiiLi t>:;jLil' ^1 

L4iL-i: j^ LHU jAT (_p*^ ^LJi l«ju-i»j ^1 cuL^j (_^ Oj_^ <-i^j ' (_5^U1 

c_a«i. sJUa Uoi* oj-^ c>f' r^^' ^^^' "^^ '^-' ^' '^ ^.»i^i~-i ^j 

^1 i^l^ o*-^ u^j^' i^' jH'^^ '^ii^ o_^j1 *U.j . J.i--llj <^UVI 

<k.j -u"^ i <is^] 6.U* j?4ilt ti* .iiil U. « is^i j'jj"!" oj^^ •> o^—i' "^^^^ 

^L_1 (_> ^1 lift c:^jS ^Ulj i ^SJ^^ cr-^ i^Ui=^V' J^' (^^ c^' 



1 — young, p. , op. <at. , p. 214 ( \ ) 



i\ 



l/ 



• U^ -iyji) <Jjb^j L^iJa^j jJUrJI . ii^;,^-; : LlHi 
• jp^LnJl (j-^^j ji^>2ill ijLjS : L«_ifj 

Tlie Experlmeiitgl Method 

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^^ ji — k: J :lj^ c^jU:; ,]^]j c (_^Uia.VI oM' J' *>>"' — r 



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l«b.ii-»Li <J>a:iJI aj s> «|^^| ^jSL^j i ^^^' '-i* jr^'^ J^' O^' 

4^Ua. ) 4-u^JiJI 4-ulSJl i^^^a^l J J .^-> jjjj L ^LljJJ ^^ j-"... 



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4.J — i-iiji jj^l^^jlj (^j^l .t-»\l 4_i — u I 1 . . I -N i x^ ' j<(j'll j^ (J t2jlj.S :i..« <jl 

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. j_j-ajll sVjjt jJJJ ^JjJ^aIi 4 v .. ii t,i . . i-vi |«J 



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V^ 






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. <iil-i.lh .<-»<j I*!"!, ill 
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. <Aa.\ m <%*-!' ' '■ o^*'-\^ iijaJI i » A^jLilV ^-lf*JI ' 4a;iUti 



— io — 



^^i^j i J^jj^y 'y^^^ t^^ <^i*- ^*^^ £*^ C^->*^ -?^ 

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Qiiestsomiaires : ^jLui—iVI i_iiL=.-^ — V 

: J ^.^.r^ <^» uu> ^>J' »-hJj <V- »j*^ '' j' r^'-'^ 
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iV 



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i^LjJij V-wJ' (.>-^'j ci.Lk.!>ij ci^U^^l jL^tS V^L^I 



iflll all 4.«.j1ja g0i« — 

Case Study Method 



4 iL,j> <JLJ J,-:!!! c)A=all j:iU c« <-*U^Vl ^t^l i~.tjJ <2e> V> 

o-^ >> j' ' <4^U^ <5>1 ^"^^ "^^y^ ^=^ o' O^ <~-jj-^l ^1^' 0I u^' j^'' 

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<k^l ^^JA\ -^^^^^ <iLa, ^LL^ J^ J__^ ^i ^Ui :^^ u^ _ J 

♦ ^-^'j J^il^illj OJ*-^*^ ,»*^ J^Uoll ti._jA=J 



4UI ^. 






. VT'l Wo ij-a ,j-a ^ji\ (j-^ (T) 



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. filial ^>-^'j i-il>i' - 
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(1) 






O-^ 



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. ^iUiJI O- *X^ £< ^^' ^^-3 '^^ ^-5 ^^' ^^' ^^^ 



. \oA _ \oY a- L^ ' L^^--^' t^^' (^' 



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Oo x^ J.i_«J 4j__JL oVLJ) ,•>, U 



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ti_* ^!..^i^L uji j_^i ^ ^1 ^i^ :^^^ ^^^^^^, ^^^^^^ _ ^ 

SOCIOMEEBY t-^'^ 

0:,>T j>1^1 ^ ^y j^i^ ) i^L^vi c.Li:sLJI <^l^a. ^Ui=wVI ^ ^ 

Jl Ui.> ^ J^ ^^1 ^tj jJL^lj o^^lj o4^) ^t^jj 41.1^^1 



o\ — 



Lj — iL_il (_yic |«jjj ' ( J;'«"i . lU ^ i^^JjSjLJij ^jJ^l ., ^l -> . :"'i V I ja^ (_Sj_a 
JjAa. )) (_5<— iJ Jj.^ ij <-cU=«JI J J^ JS Lai n I'll (_^l ■"■Ijlj"-^*^! ^:;j-*^ ( ' ) 

'-■1 . i^". . 1 A^j j .".1 ; j.-.^\^ l a la Ajiiij c Sociomaetric Matrix 



♦jjIaj 5_cL>=J1 aIj nV j^jl j1 ^j<Uj ^Li.»i <-►— '^ ojAii.^, '■*-^_j^ dLjjb 
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c Lie A,,^^ jljii^ LJX. ) oiiljLii^VI j j-^j •" 'Ut-ibi^ cjU^ _ t 



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. pUi^Vl J-t J l-if^-o^j !ilii^-io j^^. c5-^' s-iLii^l lia <jijJ=>J Lli^j. 

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_ oi _ 



c iihiai <:iUU ^Lj^V A.*^! jjl_^ J^iULL^V o^-^"^' <Jjl^ Jj 

. 4_^UJ1 <^^VI ^jljilj (■ »j-^^l 4-;^! Jl J.S...J) ^^ 

■oliL^l^jil <1^ cui^ Uilj i V>I^ <:.Liil c::.U_j^l dih J ^LUl ^^^ ^3 

•<jj1 sxIlVl i-;jL=aJI J_3 _J1 iTiU^iLcj d 'Sj^^-J 'S;>=^J ^Jt Oo <-i-iS4l <J>-i^;— Jl 

.4 t^lJi_jJl ^Ijt j ^ ^ . ^^■il )^ 4 ^^LU! ^2;^ ^^^LLiJ) Jil iiU 4^j-;;<: ,j41 LJilij 

•oliL^l^jil Jj'L^j 1^ i ^^1 j L^ <ij^ J (. Aih^ll Jj)_jil 2^J>ij ' oUji>Jlj 

(^ i:jU_ii4.) <e-l^ <^>i_i. 4K,f-ia i"i^;.r.1 o-^' »^Lli o' 'S^' '^^ "^ ^J 



1 — Biesanz & Biesanz, Modem Society, 3rd. ed. , Prentice Hall, 

1964 — P. 116. 



— 00 



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^S^\ J-..^! J! ^^ ojiU^lj t5.r-^^1 jL^V) ^U^t U^^ ^ :ujj] {)) 

♦ lYV — oV. ^ ^ i j.l~. ^j^ (Y) 



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tLJj; f j."° ■ >=>-^ I ■■ ■ ( c- _^L> j_jji_^lj 4_il . :Viil ) 1 ii-r.i ll \.ut ^] i-ji . Aj J 

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s iIjLS!^ j__^ j_^l ^1 LU^Ij i AjoliJ ^1 j1 4-;^^;r- jl 4_ii;J iiJLii J^ 

l^liLtLjiJl ^J^ ii^loaJl CjUsLiJiVl Jj' ■ ■•■^J ,_;-al-lJl ^jli "Ual ..f iij ? «L-cUl^Vl ^-ijSl^l 
liJLlaj i±ijj_^ y^ I I .no "ill 1a£i ^^1 ^^1^ (<-i-«-«J ' j< ij 1 1 r. 4 n ll ..ill jLiri.jlj <. (_J_^J| 
^jj; ll .rur'ill J jjLojJlj 4 ,^. ^^o 11 1 .1 .".<1 ^Ic .ilji'Vl A^l— ili <»_pl_,I^l (-ijjJa 6A£ 



& 



1) Giddings, principles of sociology, Mcmillan, N.Y. , 1913, P. 17. 

2) David Krech & Richard S. , Theory and problems of social 
psychology, McGraw Hill Book, N.Y. ; Toronto, London, 

1948, PP. 443 — 529. 



_ oY - 

c:.U_ ^ -A^^ y^ ^Ul ^Ul^^l x^l C^ L-iii cr^l '^^l^ 3il _ \ 

lUi^VI ^. > °; -H-k-Ail yuJi^^ US <: J:e-AJIj "jljiU jj^.-^lj ' .-llJIj o'j-^' 
.2^1^ UK 2r^' o-^ ''^'^'^^ ''^'j ' 'l?^ t^'^ °VU:iUl Jl 1 — ^Ji:; A_i ^1 



— oA — 

• Oh^-''-^^ o^^^-' J' ^^a^ ^s'^ J 4_i:ii-^! s^L^I sULJi ~^^_ 

■^V '-^LfJ j J^l j^^^ cl.^^ i CliLii^jJl JAJ. Ju. ^I_jll JAJ. SjLj ( 1 ) 



o^'^ J-i^L^ U^jJ^ Vr. >=^ ^UJI o^^— O^ Wo. 4j_. j_^ (. ^.^x^ ^UiJ j 
J -J A_ij i ^ ^ Jl_^ ijLfj J:u_». Ll^jJ^ Yi . . Jl J.A«JI 2:iijl 0->2 -^j 

<i =t. <^UJI JjjJl A=G (. ^yA^ JSL^ ^)_jil i^ L^ ■••■■J..^: l ^ <^L1^1 

^^ji,^ J^ <^Lll) J^jjJl ^4i^ J S^L-JI il^l^l :L:K..J) »jL;jU ^■^y:: j 






— 0\ — 



-jAJiA (j-aijj UK_3 C i_Auvi! (_5_jl_i^ ^jAb'^'iI ^ |jl£— lil jl J LJS (_5l <.fUa.i) (_5_jl_i^ 

AilLi^! sjLijJI jil o:^L«ia.Vl oej^i' i> ^cr^ cr^ -^J (5_5Z_4.I dii^ t"j' ^-»^ 

'Lg-jiiaJ <j-^iJ>-Jl l(ijo-.ij LjS jT <jjK~iil sjLjJJI ^ K ''■ g '"•^- •'■ ^J| Ajlji. Vj 

<"il.i., -a Lijji ^1 — t (j-SjL, i:iijjjj jj-iL,jj j_^l liili ,j J. AiH «_^jjj ^j^j 4j,'ri\) j 
aJ—i (j ^j K . .i H ^jx Jj'V) <JLi< ^;~^ Lo-^j-c ilUij i ^j'l — -I <ii__^j "Sj*!^ a— aljj 
>£-*^j ' L^^^^ ^jj' U^^ j'j ' («'j-^^ «L-ivi- "-ifl 4__i!j^l j i3->i^; o^J ^.^"'ill 

^L Jl, — ij K . .i l l "jLij j_jJI 2r^J:! (j-^^' I— u— Jl ^ iSjij '■^ * jL«^^I 

^j'Vl ^Ui J "-iLijJl 4_>_a: ^ (_s-i->^ o' O^ "^ '^^ "-^^.j oLlil^l 

. . . ^j'Vl JS UJ — ^1 1 Jl » j_^11 JUl (jJUU Vj-^j ' ( *'-i^' ) 

1 .vi i ou ' Vol ' UA ' li ' rv ' n ' A ' i i V M 

' i i X i \ i ) '. <jjL^-Lri. <JLil, i_u_i^ fliiJI ^IjJj Ulij i li^_3 

. « K : i.M V-^ ojj^ 

^_jj Lo j_^l 4-iJ K . .i l l sjLjJJI ^jAi~> cf^ "^J l^jit jj£l (Jlij (_i_j-_i 



— 1. — 

i^Li^l Jj'ljji ( <_. ) l^L, i3^ljji ( 1 ) 

iiUiiiSlj i 4 ^j ,. Jl JULVl 4^^j c JUL'Vl J^ji-iij c iiUl!! JU^'Vlj 

: ^_^ ^"^ J^L-i^ J jli_JI J i^UJl ^U lot, ^ jn-^Vij _ C 
. ^IaLIL ijjj^ ^jK.-iil jot .a ■>->; ( 1 ) 
4 -3Lijm JiL_ij jljji U'j'- ' <^^^ JS— i; ^jK.-iil jot jIjJj ( s-i) 

. 4^ c^iljj Ia2>. 4_;_ji (J-j'j^ '-^-^ 3^ (J U ' ( *'.iiJl ) 
J \(jU->-ij i ,_yollaJl jK..iil »j 2 Jaj Ji3 ^Jli\ ^\ a{} f^'\ jl ( ^) 

4.Jil, ^L^ljj oli_JI 4_^ljj Jl jOkl'Vl 4^j 0^ Jj1 oil -^t i ^"i] Ui^ o^ ■^' 
. jUT ^^ diJJ o^ j^ Uj 4_4iai J^L-.^ (_^L1-J1 o;! jJl i^L^jl 



— ^\ 



^^j-olM's'i . .ii •4jjLr^j i ^_^K . .ill _j^l 4 iljj tLoisJI fj^ jJi^ (JjLa. (j-ilL, jji_>j 

>i-»I::>-« JS ^^ lilJi . ^^K . .ill Lb_^ t'"'i_i^ ^ iJljL«-,'i ^ \ I CliVLa. g 1 ^ Lr^ )_3;Wi'i ^jji 
ji^i O^ CmJ iSj^'"^ 4_cU>^ ij-, t jl^i■^•i J S (_^1 ♦ 4_ij;l,,i:i.VI J <Lij iiUll <ijjii <! 

j^l <Ldii.il JoijjJL |«i^ ^jLS — ill iliA^I CIiL-jIjaJI ^Jil i ^lUUI lift ^j^J 

. 4_ij;L»i:i.l vjl 4 I g n U ,_)^l^jaJl site ' " ■ ".K tl j^, .1 , 1 -«"■ jl »jLiJ CjLii^lj 

,^3]\ J^] l^p\ J] ^^ ^] J,1_^1 dJii ^ : iUjjlail Jjl^l ( f ) 

'L^_^j «_L^ ^jl^ 4jj 3 . . 11 Ljji ^ <^'i_i ^1 ^\ — lJVI (_^ic tig .^ij ^Jl — iJV! 4-i-i ij ''if> .1 



Lj^A^ j>' ' i i j i ^'^'ill (Ji>..Alll ij 4jjmi jj^ ^1 — i^Vl j-Uj fjJIia ^1^ ^j'J . . '*^p, j' 

,_5 — >; j J — i-ffi O' o^ LT^' '^r^''T^f^' J^'j — »J' i>j ^j^^ ^^ J^''^' (^ j^ 

: ,-,i^~Ji 



•AjLi.:^ (JjLTiJJ i L^ ,jl ...I'lVl J=Ljp 4 I .,->-S 11 ^Jlj^Li . I^JJ^.:^ jl jj-aj^l «LlJ .rTN ) 

(_jic ^(i ill _>lijjj • Jl aU'VI j_^JJaj (_^^ i «Li^ A^ll o^^-i'lf! iJJi L,L»j 1 nh^ o "^f^ 
Aii. J '■^l 1^1 (^jic jVjVI (_yJI Q^jjlW ij]kl Jl 4_iL^VLj i ^Jl_5JiJl ^-^JJ^J 

. ^K^l »jL;Jj -aJI^jII 4.i..i."i pLi^jl j ioLfJl v^— ''^' 



— IT — 



i:aj <j;ljjil I (j1 p l^L^j "^J^' °■^>^ W^ l_r^ ^ LT^j'^' '^-'J 



^Uj ' Jj>bJl Jji^ dlJj Jii,_3 : SjiiHi 1^1^ ^_^l ^L£li SjU^ (J) 

0>-%^ Wl^ ^-=^ O^^-* o' '^■i ur^ ^ LlLiSj ' pl^pAi. ^jU=. ^1 pIj^I 
i_r^^ O^ CXr^ (_f^ ' sLiijj J^l j^ <_jLl^ (_jjk Lj^i ^jj^.. fi.t«..; (_jiJI iLL^) 

. »L4I jiljli i^AaJ ^Jl£— Jl ^^ -UJLk -U^^jl A-JLk ia.! i^l 

Fecundity 



1) United Nations Population Bulletin of the United Nations,. 
No. 1963, N.Y. , 1965, P. 101. 



- ^x 



5^ J.^ o^j-i^iJI i^^t J 1^ ^ UU YT a~J' -^ /'W (^j Uii^ 

ah^^;J OH o^^~^' s^^ ' o«J.' S-— ^ JS.~^\ ^jjfi c ^^) cJdi t.,...^ ^Jl£— J? 
Si-^ o' < ■' ' s^j:i ' j^oi^^l o^^ J c5-^' L^:iLJI Vi^jiJI c o«j~^3 

j^_j:i 4ji,tS L^-Aa^ ^L-iljO. ^<>-iy; ,, . Iljjj c j-«i^) J |»4— =al j1 ^^LS— J! »jL.j 
Sex Composition ts^^ ■•••■«•*■ j^ jK**»H . ..< .". ^ 

jj c Jjjj .ili 4 ^"5 ^,'\-\ , ^^ liiUVlj jJ^-iJl (_^.'i;...^i J Cli\» o'i-\l) i ih-N'; 

tiiLiVl ^A£ ^>c jJ^-iJl -i-ii Jij -i2j 4 ^jJ^p-iJ)_J CJj^jSJI J us diUVl JJJi o^ jjSJJI 
us Lj_^ iliUVlj jjSJJ) J^^\ (jjL-Oi j_2j L (_jXi^_j^l jLaJiVlj Um J US 
liiLiVij jjSJJ) (_^'ii.. ii tj^j ci.U_»i=>J.) j i:iiLi!ilii.V 1 ^-^j^j • '-iJJjJtj Ull^p— i) ,j 

>-; ■> ■■ >; , dliij (. jjSiJI (^jJx liiUVl <j._jJ *-i^J lP' V>=*-^' (J-^i^ '"""■..■•^ • <-Jjj:vl1 ( f ) 



J <niUi_^) '■Ll.^ ^^J l^' "ULc 4i.^. t-i^l ^^Ji US . oL...:\ll jjSiJI 
t_.>:»Jl (j^Ji US i Fertility iuLJ) ^^^^.^^ Jsj (_5JUJL;j ^l-./Jl ,_j^ 



— M 









-<ULSjLilj <jSj.^ ^_^aJ .XijUu <4J^j (J < f'n'i V j^jJIj i "l ■■"■J II 4'; ";.o ^ i_aj Ji 
^jSjjl ij^ JA£ <il — iLo . \ ijjn LliLi^ 4 ■ ■'■" ■ 1 " il o j" -V ^ I ij^ ,-K jj ' •'• ■ ^ -^ • LoS 

.j_jSiJl ^y, ] . o j^s^ -A ■.■ ■il l ojuti jSLl >"ij^ Uj-i-e -i^' jil 0;^ ^h^1 cliLlVl <_5J1 
cuiiSl lil dUij cl-UV) i^ ^ jjSllI i_^ sjLj ^_^! ^J:,p_ U^j J,^! 

: 4JL1JI iUUI j dUj ^_^.^ ^^1 ^^^_5 i C1.UV1 t_^l j^jSlll i^ ^-^kikL. 
,JS J A^i^l <i,LJl ^Oi'VI »>j dUJ (_^ jLS ( 4_L^ 1 . _ V . ) 

.g-oi^ "LlLi 2-<i=>il i_i_aj CliUVI <;...iJ : JjS-^' i-ju-jJ CjjL.iJ Ijl "L;! V 

( jrljili <^_uUIl oi.Liill jj;^ A_^li^ ) C1.UV1 ^ jjSiJI i^ ci.j1j lil _ V 

. ,_jitl cjUV! A.j-.iJ <ji 



— "\0 _ 

^■^ LT^ -^ — ^ ' t*^^ i-^ JJ^-^' '*-t— " O^ ejUVI <,...^ ojlj Ijl _ "\ 

o'V ^Jj i ^Lj^^l J Jil ^^i ^ (J^Ljj ' jUi^VI i^-u^ ^LLij) 

v^ — -''^1 J^"-^' (>» J^^ *^?^ *-^^ Cr^*" ^^>^ '^^ ^ *'^' 

l^l^h 1 — ^ e,L;Vl 4.A„^j j^l\\ A^.^ ^j^^ oUlfckVl o^ JL^' ^o_..u. ^ 

Age Composition j>«iH '••■■^ ^ j K . ,n , ..<• .-; _ y 

OiLii 2^;i<>^ ^ X^-JX^ (_r^-J' '^J^J^ UJ^ O' UJ-^ LsL^^i::^ jj-^LL; ^1 ^jS^ V . 
^;^— Jl oLii Jj__i:i U^ C Ljj Jj-^ili a^« .,-.11 ^y^] CjLli ^Jl (^_^ CjU a\-\{\ ^jA» iS 
jl CjLii^Li ^ (j i i-i'n'i Lil ^ .1 n'ij ^jl^ . .ill ^^«1j J=>jj^ i Uj a.ol:i^ ,_| 1 ; "■ • ■ 4_ij^^ CjLli 

« I \N m * ^ <jLjLc ^ . . .. t 4.^ (^ . .ijl 1^^ 4 1 . .1 1 
jljill A. I ...jj p Lijjl Vjl (_y^*^ Lo ^»-o'i~..< (_J ^;,>-— J-ll j\ i ■!-> 4. 1 ...jj p Lijjl ijl __ ^ 

■"UjaII cjLjlj:; jLijjIj c L^AjI U, 2-»^^^ i-J jL^—^l a , .. ,', ^^j^ ls^^ — ^ 
-<^_j,'Vl oU-ii^ jU .r.llj JUL'Vt <^Lc^ W<.i^ t_siJI CjU.i^ <j— iiJLi 

-jjiaJiJIj i JiUl ^^ ..^ j C ijjL^l ijUjJlj iUL-AaJl jjjj i il^jiUlj 



- ^^ — 

>l^ O-?^^ <JjAJl SUI^ l^j^ i u ^_^^ J ^L^l ^^_; ^Lijj, ^^:^ _ ^ 

O* ^^1 JS 3 «jU ii^L ^L^ |_j ^ S^Ljj; ^^ Population Pyramid 

>> f-'*^' '-^ <r^J ^^^j ♦ <->il^ ^ U.ilt j;^-^ ^Ij 4, ,„-ai S^LiJ! li^ 
■^-"'^i^ ) Ls^ ( _ iJ-a ^ Jal ) ^^ Ijoi; ^1 ^^1 cuLii .^..^ ^_1T Jl ^y;-^, 
Oji^ s_^ J L^l ^^1 dUi ..ih^ US M jy Ui 2^1 >iUi J 0IS--JI jU-5 



. J.?. , A\ 

^,,0^1 ^^^t J aJl_jil 4^^ ^^Ai^ J ^3il_5 ^Ul J,UJ1 ^1 dLi V U, 
- '^^IS ) <-i=J' ^Ul W^lj J»^ 4^m J^L^jJI ^1 ^^-i , „l ^jU ^L. ^ 
. ( ^L^Vlj o-^r^' J- ^''i- .^ ^^j 4jjUJI ci^UUiJIj oLy^^lj tJI^UIj 



_ "VV - 



»i;t c^L^ J ^ ^L^Li. i UJL 1/u l^ J^<^\ ^ J^ LT^l ^J^^ c^^^ 
U^ r,,;,;:.;!^ ^ ^^1 ^^-xJl c,.^ oUi^^l i^ ^U^l j'..^' »^^' 
^ ci^Ui^Jl ;i^ ci^J J ^'^1 jJ. ^ J^ ' ii^-J. J^-^ ^— ^' °^L.jJl dUil 

Jl cr.1^1 a< ^1 ^J^ ^^^' ^^-^' ^ '^^ ' °^'^ c5^L^^"i" £-^-?Jf 

Jl ^U^-il ^"iL^ V^ '^^-^J L^^l Jj ' O^^-J' ^ J j^i^ »^ ^^^-^ ^^ 

,^._^ ^LSji\ i^ ^U^l ^^ ^l^ ^^J ci.Ui-iiLUl J <Jj^' ^^j ^^^^ 
^.;-., |j;U-.l ci^ikl ^ij . -u^^l 0^1^ jj^ J-^ Oj^-^ ^l-^Li. V-^^' 



(1) United Nation, Demographic yearbook, 1948, New York, 1949. 



- lA _ 

• ^'ij" ^Ut 4^wA oti--H U«Sj5 _ ^ 

^ Jl_^l ^ U^ i^ o-^ J ^I^^J) ^,,u ^^^1 .^_^ ^ . . ;^,L^, 
.0< Jj_i.1 4 ^.^ L^ ^ S^ ^^^ J ^,_yL. ^^^, ^,^^ ^, . ^^^j 

^1 ^^ ^u:i <^K,i ^ ^^ ^^, ^Vl ( <!-. n _ U ) J^l ol^i_ 
'^ L^ ' ^^^\ u_j^ 4j^^ <^yj^^_^i st^i <,^_^ J : v^ij 

.a- ) UU o. ,>^ J^ l^ J^_^ ^^1 J^ c^ C^l ^ 2^ i=^l J 1^- 
.^.r^ ^- c JULVl ex ^1 ^A. v^^l WX,1 i^J^ SLiiJl d^^j, U liLi 

(1) U. N., Demographic yearbook, 1973. pp. 496 — 497. 



- "\'\ 



j^)_j:i «^ <iLi£JI 4jiJjL< 4jjj j_pi jl< .11 ■ Ah'i'sg 4jjj ^^ Cjlj-S(il) ( ^) 

. I — ^ -^j'^' 
. 4^1JuJl Jjlji.1 i> -^Ji' jr*^"^ 4_i«liJl ( J ) 

oUj'VIj i <^L_^VI P(^jU1 JS o^ o^ 'j^ ' t_^l^_Jl jL^VI 4X.:U (^JJ 

i_LiLi. ^y, jj^_ji^^ J^ ^— ^' ,^ -^'j^' -^-^-^ O"^"^ <-^ (Jj^jJ.' o^^' (_P^'j 

«_j_— J Jj -ijJIjII ^-^^.j ■*-■„■'■'■ o"i^. -'■'„■ V p>^l j' j^' o''^ O.J:^— ^J^' '*— ''J^ 

^jll .^1 _j<ai <.wiiJU UjL-ii ;:UA^I j5Sl ,_^j . ^U-^lj jr>^Vl J jr;J>^' 

j^ |J ^^U >2>j o^^--J' '-^^JJ '^'■^' Lr=^ O^ <^LlJI ci.:sK-jU! J/^) "H^^'j 

^::>LkVi 1l.Ij_^1j i u-'it" ^ '*-'^' •^^!^^'^' t^'j^^ ur^' ^'j -J-^' -^-^^ 

'■Ly.^ ^^.Ai; dJJ ^j . ^_^l\L\\ cJUJL; ^IjiJVI j^ jr'jjJ' i>- x^'^ J ^^-1^' 
Ji_i. 4.K,.:M1 »ius Sj^ O^ j:^Vl j l^b J_ji:J) JiSi ^ J^ o'j J=-^' '^ 3:^^ 
iJLy ^j^ i 4_. ii^'il j i".^->'. J — S CjU-^S^l ij-i^ O^ '^•^ t^-5 • JL«-ij ^W^. 

i »jjji« 4_l,LlJ1 ciiU-^Jum (^j L^_aL-ilj <K— ill y^y>- J^—li (_j^l ^l-«-o'i'>U 

jj c Llij ijUiiVl ^ j1 i »>iii WV^ f>^ O^ ijh 1-1=^' '-H^ o^'j L^Ji^j 

^_^IS: Jl i;ljiJI <K..:i<, 4+:^l_^ j_^L-.'VI oj-^ JJ^^e-' ^' li* O^i ' l4i;,^-:i: 

. ^UJl J, 



— )f» 



1 — ^ '>^^ j j^l-iiJl ^Ll;1 L^I Jk^_3 i L^Vax^j UJU (_^ ^uiL Jki jl^Vl 

J_i^J <Ui J^lj^j^ ^iJI o.i_^l j (. S.iiJ.1 S^Nfl J_^ j,^) ljj,^^\ <^_3^| 
1j lb «Wa'V 'ji^j . 4_Ai*II t^^jl-i^ ^^ 2_£^ U-. ' 2r^' '-'-5^ <->.;!'■ »^V1 

• J:4^-^'j u-'J•^^ V-^' »J — » JjL^ ^f LiJ_^ _ 4)1 ^jJL; _ <J ^jil c ;^...i 

. o^^^k^l c-_5_ij^ 4 — iIjAj Lie ;•;<: . , 

.^>—jL1 L«jV dili i i^L^_Jl i_^ljjl ^^LU ^>, U^j l__„^lc o_^| _^^i^ 
*.>— ^*J' ^^^ Ij'j . J^~J\ ,»^^ _^ :u^_^l jA^l _ d,...H I SjLjJI j*^ _ 



Dissatis faction L^^l ^^ j^i j,|_^ ^^^^i;^ ^ ^^1 ^i^| j :^j^ j^|^ 
^1 ^>1 :iLJ jui::^ dJi ^>^^ i ^J-^'VI ,.>^ ^:,ji jiyvi (_;i^ s-^L^ ^> 



— V^ — 

Life-time migration a^]^ iy^ub ( 1 ) 

Temporary Migration <:i25« »_pj!> ( i_i) 

Rhythmic Migration ^jj-^ s^^^jt ( ji.) 

♦ ( J . -so' i ) ijjLi:^.) *>^ — V 
(_jjji3 jjj; ^^1^ . .Ill <LSji^ (_s^ i-J_^Ji-!ij' 1 (jlh . ■■l_^ O^^ o .iwLiLo »Ac ol ij n ^_j^j>JI 

^vjl^jLsJIj vjiji' — ill ji— i CjI jl^ ij^ CjULijJI «_»a. i^j^ cy^ »_^a^l cj!^ -^ . . 1 ( 1 ) 
»l Li <jJja!I *_>9^1 'L-iljj i^iij i L^lj^j L^IjLLhj (j jt Jj-^1 AjJ^ aIji 

, L^ (Jjlo'i i—ul J I fill ^j<i« I illijl^ O Ls ^^ ir*''-''^ '^-^J^ Li* 3 * OJJ (_S^ 
^JjJall »Aft. JUiJJi-J i3j^ CjMIi L^jLftUaJilj 1 (j Q-N^ Ji-^^ Cf'^ ^-liklAll »_^a^l Lol ( i-_i) 

lili, ( 1 ) 4Jiklil J 1 jAc 0:;iili ) j)a^1 Cl^j <<,UV1 O*^ <^jU, ^liUl 



— YT — 

<ii^\ aJI^ ^ l^i£^ ^^, ^^ J ,^^ ^^,^ ^ ^^^^, ^^ ^1 

Cx '<iJi^^ oUL^VI ^ o.!^ <i;^t ,1;,^ : ^^)^, ;^_,^^ -j^j^ _ ^ 
( »j^U^ ) <J1_ ^1 ( 5^1^ ) -^^ ^^ ^,^_ ;^L^, j^^, ^^^ 



I jW 5^^ '<—=^ o^^-JI j^L^i^j ^j^j ,,^ J ii.A^ ^ijl ^^1 ^) 



. Vol ,_^ 4 nA. ' '^J^r-f 



vr 



: j\i^\ (oAA jjij ( f > 

^^ 4_^Li. i 4^U <X^ ^^1 ^^UJI d^^l J ^Lo'^1 oIj, ^'\^j c_.i^l ^Ui^. 

'J J-^ (_r^'j s^LtJI dib J <a,LLJI Jj^i\ |4i^ JiXij . <-ijbVl UiLUj jXJV 
^o^l JjL—.^ ^Uiijl J) ^i ^olj i ^.i__il J) ^^1 ^ii_, ^ i^ ^]^] ^^ 

/T oo J^' U^..A^ j (_5_jl^l _j^| J.i^ J_^ i±,^ ^j ^ U_il_5 ^^U^ Uila^ 

( yijo ijj^Vii] ) i^jbVl L^i^l ciijjbjl^j il;:m ^^^^ __^ UK UUiiJ jIjj^j 

: Lj-lj < iVi-^ o jlJf »A£ x-^' '-^ O^ r^j • ^ u-'^' »jjL^ i_j.i_u depopulation 

. j_^Ul:=>.V1j jLiiJl . . . » ?,<:-ill_g Jl^]^ ^:ihJl_j dUiix-^l _ \ 
ijiiiilj i iihiai ji^Lai ce u-LlJI JUnl j^>. ^^ i^UUl J^UlVI 

»_^L4I c:.UU^I_5 J^Vl ^ er-S^ l5^' ' i-ljUl ^^i~^ o~-^ — T 
. U :ijikH (^K_J1 . k4 - ^ l cAiiAj J^l_^ ^>, JU_£ J^Lc »>=^l _ i 



i oiL^I^I ^L^jjlj i Ju^'i) ^iMiJj i J^^^-^\ cL.-)k£.Ji^ ^l^^l 

, j~_Ljj 4_jLi^ Lj^L^ l__lil^l aIjI 4_i_jJ!_^j 



— Vi — 

. ijjj<_,i4l ^ (j ijlS_-JJ «U£_jill 4_i_^^) (qI^'VI iljLi, 
^jl<L_jIl ji ijjj^L^I ijlS^—i-lJ fl_5~i 4 ;i'i-^ a '■LiJtAj "St^j-^ c^^ 's .. fi g Qo dili ^^ -^>ie U 

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(1) H. Spencer, Principles of sociology, vol 1, clepter 1, 1874. 



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(1) Ralf, Linton, The Tree of culture, N. Y., 1962 pp. 29-32. 

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(4) Taglar, E. B., Primitive culture, London, 1871, p. 1. 



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2 — R. Firth; Elements of Social Organization, London, 1951, P. 27. 



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(1) Alfred Mclung, D., Sociology, 3ed, 1969, pp. 210 — 211. 



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(1) Margret Mead, Cultural patterns and Tecbical Change, Unesco, 
Tensions and Technology Series, 1954. 



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^ (^jl::^ j1 i ^^'h Jj-^ '-^ -?^ ' ^-cf La-o^ J*-^* '*^*-^ £— ^' ^ 



JU^l ^^03^- Jj^' ^^ ^3 • ^^ ^'J ^^' ^^^' - ^ 

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i^VI 4^J--^ ULJl UJi^j U^ ,,*Ji<:ij ' ^UU^ 2;, |,4^U e^'^ OJ^-^' 



(1) Mclver & Charles Page, Society, An Imterductory Analysis, 
Macmillan, London, 1955, pp. 62-70. 






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2 .;l-.\1 ^jj Jii:ij i :L^\J^\ vTilj^l 1.^=^ ' :^^j (Jii— ^ J' •i'>'^l ^ -^Ji 

Socialization AaaUja'^I AjJiM\ — X 

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J c ill. ^^iUl iJ^ J US i^Ui Ue^ 4,)^) :L^ui) J^ o^ -^j 



(1) Ogburn & Nimcoff, A. Hand book of Sociology p. 241. 



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^Ljil llj 4^1-uJVI 4^UJ! ^> 1^ \-U...i» j--i^ JLai ii* J ciibu^l o^ O^' 






(1) Mclver & Page, Society, op. cit. 62-70. 



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(1) Charles Cooley; Social Organization; Chapters 30, 31, 32. 



— ). i _ 



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Social Control ^^Uia'S» hi .all 



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. 1 TV a- ' nvi 



— V.A — 

f4i^ i <i^L gj^i^l t>kl-i Conformity 1^^^\ lis. ,,A»»:ij -uUl^j »j)jit 

• (Mcf^ '*-l:^-*J *j-^ ^J M Jl^ O*. 

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— ).\ — 

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J,l_j«Jl ejj> JjLli: c^j-.j . ir.UU=Jlj j1>'VI d_jl_iJ ir^ljASH, UjLXcl i^ 

■ cft-^'^■ cy 



(1) Edwar Ross, Social Control, N. Y., 1901. >il (U 

. )V\ Mto u-- ' J.iL-' j;?-^ ' (^j-'-i JUS (V) 

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n. 



4 S^_Vl£ Primery Groups IJJi] ci^UL^l J ^)j Js_i. 1^1 j^l ^ ^^» 
jl^_^ »jU 4jyi,m <^^r-^^l <^ li^^\_^j jj^l j Neighbourhood i^^ ^| 

: ^^«--*jll tj*Wi^^i huMS jjjiaS 2^^^ (•'*' • "i/ 

: 0tM _ t 



(jiJI J_jjJl _j1 ^.liLJjJI cjU.»i=4.1 J <:!«— »j jJl}\ JiL_i^l ^^ ^^aJI ^^fUjj 



(1) Anderson & parker, Society, Its Organization and operation, 
van Nostrand, East-west ed. 1966, pp. 410-421. 



/ 



— n^ — 






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— IT. — 
Social Change 



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: liili J >Jl (T) 
(2) Wilbert Moore, Social change, 1963. 



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, ^-:V I -iU ^, jL^iiil J W. Ogburn o^t^J^ (*i^3 o^' ^.^^' ^^-^ 

(\) Cultural Lag JUllI i.jlkalL. 

: WiHj ,«j53Hj j^tsHj ^' 

jl^J j ^;^-^l U:i-J^ cr^' ^^' j'j^^' O^^ J W-^ J^^ C^^ ^ ^-J^ 



(1) William Ogburn, Social Change, New York, 1962 



— )n — 



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Change ^^j 

to. o^ ^^ ' ^^ J^ dU. J. . 31L. ^1 .^j^ ^^^^ ^1 ^^ ^l^ ^^ 



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Progress ^^ s-.u 



(1) Nordshog, Social Change, Me GrawftiU, N. Y, I960, pp. 123-125.. 



_ UY — 

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• J^-'VI J 4-Cj^lj i_iLj|j »_jaJL ^--•;| I 



(1) Hertzler Social progress, Appeleton Century, N. Y., 1928 pp 
10-13. 



— )1\ — 

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— IT. — 



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(1) L. Wirth, Planning Means Freedom, Chicago press, 1947. 

(2) Waterston Alpert, Development Planning, the Jones press. 
2ed, 1958, pp. 8-9. 

(3) Charles Bettelheim, Planning & Development 

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<^^i) fu^\j^\ 



1 — Alpert, Waterepn, Deuelopment Planning, The Jonespress, 1947. 

2 — Anderson & Parker, Society, Its Organization, Van Nostrand 

E. W. 1966. 

3 — Biesanz & Biesanz; Modern Society, 3ed., Prentice Hall, 1964. 

4 — Cooley, Charles, Social Organization, Chapters 30 — 32. 

5 — Firth, R., Elements of Social Organization, I^ndon, 1951. 

6 — Giddings; Principles of Sociology, Macmillan, N. Y., 1913. 

7 — Hertzler, Social Progress, Appeleton Century, N. Y., 1928. 



8 — Ki-ech David & Richard; Theory and Problems of Social 
Psychology, London, 1948. 

8 — Mclver & Page, Society : An Interductory Analysis, Mac Millan, 

London, 1955. 

9 — Mclung, Alfred, Sociology, 3ed, 1969. 

10 — Mead, Margret, Cultural Patterns & Technicdchange, Unesco, 

1954. 

11 — Moore, wilbert, Social Change, 1963. 

12 — Nordshog, Social Change, Mc Graw Hill, N. Y., 1960. 

13 — Ogburn, W., Social Change, New York, 1962. 

14 — Ogburn, W. & Nimcoff , A. Hand book of Sociology. 



- n\ - 

14 — Ralf, Linton, The Tree of Culture, New York, 1962. 

15 — Spencer, H.; Principles of Sociology, vol.. Chapter, 1874. 

16 — Taylor, E. B., Primitive Culture, London, 1871. 

17 — Whitney, F., The Elements of Research, New York, 1945. 

17 — Wirth, L. Planing Means Freedom, Chicago Press, 1947. 

18 — Young, Scientific Social Surveys and Research, N. Y., 1947. 

19 — United Nation, Population Bulletin, llo., 1963, N. Y., 1965. 

20 — United Nation, Demographic Year book, 1948, N. Y., 1949. 

21 — United Nation; Demographic Yearbook, 1973. 
14 — Ross, Edwar, Social Control, N. Y., 1951. 



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