BLACKWELL'S |
Oxford, England ,
Photograph by Hewitt, Weymouth
(ABOUT 1891)
MEMOIR
OF THE REVEREND
OCTAVIUS PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE
M.A., F.R.S.
B T HIS SO N
ARTHUR WALLACE PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE, M.A
FELLOW OF BALLIOL COLLEGE
OXFORD
PRINTED FOR PRIVATE CIRCULATION
I i 8
MEMOIR
OF THE
REV. O. PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE
MY father was born on the 3rd of November, 1818.
He was the fifth son of the Rev. George Pickard, Rector
and Squire of Bloxworth in Dorset, who in 184.8, with
his family, took the additional name of Cambridge upon
his succession to the property of his cousin, Charles Owen
Cambridge, of Whitminster House in Gloucestershire.
My grandfather and his family lived then in the Rectory,
which his many sons and daughters must have found
none too large for them. My father's name was entered
for Winchester, but admission was then mainly dependent
upon favour, not upon any serious test of merit. One of
his supporters died shortly before the day of election, and
he failed to obtain entrance ; but he used to recall with
amusement the travesty of an examination to which he
was subjected. His failure was probably a very fortunate
thing, as it is hardly likely that his special tastes would
have had much chance of flourishing in the atmosphere
of a Public School.
In the middle 'forties he was for two years the pupil
A i
U)
of the Rev. William Barnes, the Dorset poet, who
at that time kept a school in Dorchester j and while
receiving instruction in the ordinary school subjects from
Mr. Barnes, he also learned the violin from Mr. Sidney
Smith, and acquired (or confirmed) the delight in music
which lasted all his life. Mr. Barnes was an inspiring
teacher, and my father seems to have derived from him
a real interest in writing and in literature. Some essays
and poems written in the years following his work at
Dorchester show considerable facility and brightness, as
well as seriousness of reflection. The most elaborate
was a translation into English verse of part of Fenelon's
Telemacjue. Some of his lighter verses show the keen
sense of humour which accompanied him throughout his
life, and up to old age he would occasionally write a few
humorous verses for special occasions. His interest in
literature was not fully maintained in later life, when
his reading was mainly confined to the special subjects
on which he was working ; but in all his more careful
work he wrote in a vigorous and expressive style. It
was appropriate that his most finished piece of writing
should have been the memoir of his old teacher and
friend, which he contributed to the "Proceedings of the
Dorset Field Club in 1887 a warm tribute of admira-
tion and gratitude, together with an appreciation of
Mr. Barnes's poems, which, while disowning all attempt
at criticism, shows real critical power and insight into
the nature of poetry. I well remember how, a few years
before this, when I had been set to read as holiday tasks
works far beyond my years (such zsHamlet and Macaulay's
Essays on Hampden and Bunyan), my father read them
with me, and made them living and intelligible. (On
one of these occasions I won the prize for the holiday
task, and my Head Master remarked that I must have
used an unusually good edition of the book ; but I had
only a plain text and my father's comments as we read
it together.) At one time he had evidently enjoyed the
Classics, and to the end of his life would sometimes
bring in an apt quotation from Virgil or Horace.
Apart from his work with Mr. Barnes, my father seems
to have lived the regular life of the son of a country-
house, enjoying all kinds of sport shooting most of
all and taking part in the social enjoyments of the
neighbourhood. He was a keen bee-keeper during some
of these years, getting much pleasure out of his observa-
tion of bees and their ways j and he was always fond of
gardening. In 1 849 he went to London to study Law,
intending to practise at the Bar. He read for two years
with Mr. J. G. Malcolm and Mr. (afterwards Mr. Justice)
Day; but the character of the work and the life in London
did not suit him, and in the summer of 1 8 5- 1 he gave it up,
though not before he had received a training in method
which stood him in good stead in later life. The next
two years (1851-3) seem to have been spent mainly in
Somerset, where he read with a tutor at Hatch Beauchamp.
His sketch-book of this period contains some exquisite
(O
pencil-sketches, chiefly of the churches of the country
round Hatch Beauchamp.
He was already a keen naturalist, and his diary which
began in 1849 and was continued until within a few
months of his death contains at th : s period many
observations about Birds and Lepidoptera, both of which
he was collecting. (His first butterfly, a specimen of
Colt as Hyale, had been caught as early as 183?, and is
still in his collection.) His first communication to a
periodical dealing with Natural History was a note on
an almost white Willow Wren, in the Zoologist for 1871,
and from this time onwards such communications became
frequent. The year 1 8 54 was remarkable for the first of
a number of visits to the New Forest with Frederick
Bond, one of the great entomologists of the nineteenth
century, who henceforward was a frequent visitor at
Bloxworth. It was about the same time that his interest
was roused by the writings of Mr. Blackwall, and that he
seriously took up the study of Spiders and their allies,
though his first published writing on the subject did not
appear until 1859, a ^ so ' m tne Zoologist. But from this
time onwards such contributions appear almost every
year often several in a year until within three years
of his death, in the Zoologist, Entomologist, Unman
Society* s Journal and Transactions^ Annals and Magazine
of Natural History^ and Proceedings of the Zoological Society^
and also (after the commencement of the series) in the
Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History Society and Anti-
quartan Field C/, in which much of his work on British
Arachnida was published.
In 185:7 he entered University College, Durham,
to prepare for Holy Orders as well as for his Degree.
Here he obtained his instruction mainly from the lectures
of Dr. Henry Jenkyns, then Professor of Divinity, of
whom he always spoke with the greatest respect. My
father and his friends used to meet in the evening after
each lecture and compare notes, with a view to repro-
ducing the whole lecture as completely as possible j and
he kept his reports of several series of lectures, compiled
in this way, until a few years ago, when he sent them to
the library of University College. He made great friends
at Durham, and entered fully into the life of the Uni-
versity j we find him acting as Steward at steeplechases,
and as President of the University College Choral
Society he had a fine voice of wide range ; and he gave
to the Boat Club a Challenge Cup, which was the prize
in competitions for many years. Some dispute (with
which he had nothing to do) led to the Cup being
returned to him long afterwards, but in 1 896 he again
presented it to the Boat Club, and it is probably com-
peted for still. He was always proud of his connexion
with Durham, and when he became Rector of Bloxworth
a banner on which the arms of his College were em-
broidered was a feature in any procession in connexion
with festivals of the Church or School. He took the
Degree of B.A. in 1858, that of M.A. in 1859.
(8)
In 1858 he was ordained Deacon by the Bishop of
Chester, and licensed to the curacy of Scarisbrick, then
part of the parish of Ormskirk (the Vicar of which was
the Rev. Joseph Bush), at a stipend of 60 a year. The
landowner of Scarisbrick was a Roman Catholic, and
would not allow a clergyman of the Church of England
to live on his estate, so that my father had to lodge in
Southport, and, good walker though he was, the distance
of his work from his lodging was very irksome to him.
He was also not wholly in sympathy with the attitude of
most of the local clergy towards the vexed questions of
the day, and he used afterwards to refer with some amuse-
ment to their denunciations of the views of Darwin, then
just published. With these views he was (apart from
certain details) in entire sympathy, but his attempts to
defend them at meetings of those who denounced with-
out reading them were not well received. While at
Southport he found time to carry on his pursuit of
Natural History, and in 1860 published in the Zoologist
a list of Southport Spiders, c with remarks on uniformity
of use and meaning of words in Natural History'.
(Such questions of method had always a great interest
for him, and, in addition to several published discussions,
he frequently cleared up his own mind upon them by
writing essays dealing with them, several of which still
survive in manuscript.)
He was ordained Priest in 185^, and in 1860 resigned
the curacy of Scarisbrick to take that of Bloxworth and
(p)
Winterbourne Tomson under his father. The change
was a welcome one, though he had worked well in his
first curacy, and was received with every sign of affec-
tion and friendship by his old parishioners when he
visited them a year or so later.
In 18783 and again in 1861, he spent a month in
Scotland, devoting a good deal of time to entomology
and the collecting of Spiders; and on July 4, 1861, he
climbed Ben Nevis, which his diary describes as an
'awful grind'. (It is in fact a much more tedious
and tiring ascent than many a much higher moun-
tain in the Alps.) In April and May 1860 he visited
Wales, and stayed for a week at Llanrwst with Mr. John
Blackwall, the first authority on British Arachnida,
and a good general zoologist, with whom he had for
some time corresponded. Blackwall's British and Irish
Spiders^ of which the first Part was published in i86"i,
contains many records of my father's captures, and
they were in constant communication until Blackwall's
death in 1881, at the age of ninety-one. My father
had been introduced to Blackwall's earlier writings by
Mr. R. H. Meade, of Bradford another valued friend
and correspondent, and an authority on Diptera, as well
as a student of Spiders ; and he helped Blackwall in
preparing his great work for Press. In the brief memoir
of Blackwall which he contributed to the Entomologist for
July 1 88 1 (and which contains a very interesting account
of the history of Arachnology in the nineteenth century),
he writes : c Without a doubt his chief work is that pub-
lished by the Ray Society, 1861-4. This appeared under
circumstances of great disadvantage ; not only had the
MS. been in the hands of the Society for ten years before
it was published, but just at a most critical point the
serious and prolonged illness of Mr. Tuffen West, the
artist engaged upon the plates, threw the whole into
a confusion, in its extrication from which it was my own
happiness and privilege to be able to lend a hand. . . .
It happened to myself to be staying with him in 1860,
just after the appearance of Mr. Darwin's work on
The Origin of Species, many points in which became the
subject of long and frequent discussions between us/
Blackwall's British and Irish Spiders was a landmark in
the study of the subject, and my father's own terminology
and descriptive methods were for many years based on
those of Blackwall, though he soon employed a rather less
diffuse style in description, and was always revising his
classification of species in accordance with newer know-
ledge. After BlackwalPs death, his collection came into
my father's possession ; and though Blackwall was not
a collector in the ordinary sense, and preserved few
specimens, the series of types from which the drawings
and descriptions of British and Irish Spiders were made
is of great importance, and the possession of it enabled
my father to make many important verifications and
corrections as regards the synonymy of species.
My father's diaries for i8<fa and 1863 are missing;
( II )
but he was living at Bloxworth, in a small house ( c The
Cottage') near the Rectory, and his collections and
notes show that he was keenly engaged in the collection
of Spiders and Insects, for which the light duties of the
two little parishes left ample time.
On December 30, 1863, he went abroad for the first
time, in charge of a pupil, Mr. O. Bradshaw. At the
Hotel du Louvre, Paris, on January z, 1864., my father's
diary notes, c A lady and two daughters in hotel Eng-
lish, evidently, from having an urn at breakfast '. One
of the supposed c daughters' was Miss Rose Wallace,
who was travelling with her aunt and sister. She did
not speak to my father on this occasion, but they met
again in Venice a few months later, and the acquain-
tance soon resulted in an engagement.
My father and Mr. Bradshaw travelled across France,
and sailed from Marseilles on January 5- for Egypt. On
their arrival at Alexandria on the i4.th, after a very bad
passage, they were met, as had been arranged, by Mr.
Henry Rogers (of Freshwater), a very good professional
naturalist, who was engaged to skin birds and take
charge of any other collections which might be made.
My father's impressions of Alexandria were not favour-
able, c Took a look round the place, everywhere
stinking like an exaggerated ferret-box, and the row of
the watchmen at night defies description. Understood
for the first time the prophet's ironical exclamation/' The
watchmen are all dumb dogs ! " ' On January 1 5 they
c lett Alexandria for Cairo at 8.45 i.e. 9. i?. Luggage
on truck with Rogers hanging on behind, worth some-
thing to look at. Roads awful nearly capsized half-
a-dozen times. . . . Run through the Delta very enjoy-
able; lots of ducks, snipe, hawks, plovers, herons,
egrets, kingfishers, etc., etc. Lord Durham and Col.
Thesiger in another carriage. Got to Cairo safely at
4. p.m.' They spent about a fortnight in Cairo, and of
course visited the Pyramids. The diary for January 1 8
reads, c Went to the Pyramids on donkeys. Party con-
sisted of self, O. B., Lord Durham, Col. Thesiger, Sir
Patrick Murray, Noyes and " the German ". Went full
split most of the way, with the donkey-boys after us
shouting like demons, just like Bedlam broke loose.
Pyramids worth seeing from their size, etc., but the mode
of " doing " it is getting cockneyish. Found some good
spiders under stones, but not many.' On the z8th they
started on a trip up the Nile, which, in spite of many
delays owing to lack of wind or the laziness of the boat-
men, brought them much enjoyment and plenty of good
shooting. Each day's entry in the diary records the
birds shot or seen, and notes also any remarkable ento-
mological captures; but, unfortunately, my father's
setting case had been c missing ' from their luggage at
Cairo, and he had little apparatus with him. (The set-
ting case was not recovered for nearly three months.)
On Sundays he regularly held a service on the boat, and
kept up this custom in all his travels during this year
( 13 )
and the next, wherever there was no English chaplain.
The party went as far as Assouan, and visited all the
usual places of interest Tel el-Amarna, Luxor, Carnac,
Philae, etc., and at Philae my father made the acquain-
tance of Professor Waga of Warsaw, a naturalist with
whom he afterwards kept up a correspondence. They
started on the return journey on March 4., stopping day
by day for shooting or sight-seeing, and reached Cairo
again on the acjth. The success of their two months'
trip may be judged in part from an entry in the diary for
April ii : c Rogers sailed in the Ellora for England
with all the baggage Birds, Reptiles, Fish and Insects,
etc., etc. about 8 cwt ! ' My father and his pupil
remained in Cairo, engaged in shooting and entomo-
logy, until April zc>, when they sailed for Corfu.
The list of birds shot or observed by the party in
Egypt in this year includes 176" species, of 139 of which
specimens were obtained. It was in connexion with
this list that my father first came into communication
(on an introduction from Mr. Bond) with Professor
Alfred Newton, who gave him some kind help, and
afterwards (through his annual visits to Bloxworth for
many years) became a great friend. I have not been
able to trace the collection, but I believe that it was
transferred by Mr. Bradshaw to the British Museum,
and the specimens are probably among those at South
Kensington.
In Corfu my father collected many spiders and
( H)
Lep'tdoptera in the course of a fortnight, and shot a few
birds. On May 1 5: they left the island, and reachedVenice
on May 2,0. Here, as already mentioned, he made the
acquaintance of his future wife, and within a few weeks
(during which they met at various places in North Italy
and made many excursions together) they were engaged.
About the middle of June my father and Mr. Bradshaw
left Italy, and after a few days spent in visiting Inns-
bruck, Munich, and Salzburg, settled down at Ischl,
where they remained for nearly three months, my father
actively engaged in collecting. The political atmosphere
in Central Europe was much disturbed at the time, and
it is interesting to note in his diary for August 17,
c King of Prussia came to our Hotel, not well received
at all by the Ischlers'- and the next day, c Went to
Concert and Reunion. King of Prussia there. 300
people present. King badly received/ Among the
visitors to Ischl was Archbishop Trench, who was in-
clined to find fault with my father for not having a
sermon at each service which he held, until he discovered
that my father was not a regular chaplain and need have
held no service at all. After this the Archbishop preached
for him, and preached once for nearly an hour; but
from an entry in my father's diary, c Archbishop came
into Casino as I was coaching Bradshaw in billiards ', it
would seem that the Archbishop might still be expected
to regard him with severity. On September ^^ he and
his pupil left Ischl, and travelled slowly homewards
through Switzerland, down the Rhine, and through
Belgium visiting Waterloo on October x^and reaching
London on the apth.
A good part of the rest of the year was occupied with
visits to the Wallaces at Oxford (he had spent a few
days in Oxford once before in 1861) ; here he enjoyed
not only the society of his fancee, but plenty of good
music, and many entomological discussions with Pro-
fessor Westwood.
On January 10 in the following year (1865-) my father
and Mr. Bradshaw again left for the Continent; they
were met at Boulogne by my uncle, T. E. B. Tennant,
who travelled with them for two months. After a few
days spent in Paris, Macon, and Chambery, they went
by diligence over the Mt. Cenis Pass (January 16).
c Left (St. Michel) at 3 (for ^ p.m.) in diligences to cross
the Pass three diligences full (forty-five passengers), nine
horses in each. After ascending for five hours through
beautiful scenery mountains and torrents, etc. snow
deepening gradually all the way, stopped to dine at
8 p.m. at Lanslebourg. Here changed into sledges, and
after forty minutes' delay started again in a long cavalcade
of six sledges, five or six horses or mules in each, with
bells ; all the mules " end on ", not abreast, except in
one or two cases of two- wheelers. The ascent continued
for about three or three-and-a-half hours, and apparently
at times with great difficulty from snowdrifts. At the
end of this time we seemed to have reached the summit
of the Pass, and then, after a change from five or six to
one horse or mule, the descent began. This was pro-
ceeded with, with great rapidity, at a long swinging
trot, occasionally brought up by snowdrifts. Snow here
averaged i^ to i feet depth, and nothing else visible
except forms of pine trees, and here and there a per-
pendicular face of rock. Just after the descent began
the moon rose, and then the scenery was most magnifi-
cent, especially after passing a platform of considerable
height and extent. To describe it is impossible, at
times rushing down the steep slopes and twirling round
the angles of the zigzag road, with the brightness of
day, but weird-like in the moonlight j now with a per-
pendicular wall of rock on one side, and a precipice of
perhaps 1,000 feet on the other ; the effect was almost
awful. Once, owing to an extensive snowdrift, our
sledge (the first of the six), to avoid it, went with un-
diminished speed for near 100 yards within six inches
of the edge of a precipice of several hundred feet, and
at last the depth of the snow even here brought it to a
standstill, the mule making irregular bounds forward
at the shouts of the driver and lash and crack of the
whip each bound seeming to bring it nearer and
nearer to the edge; at last a frantic plunge, and we
were off again, scudding down in this apparently ticklish
position for a considerable distance farther, at the rate
of at least twelve miles an hour, until, the drift lessen-
ing, we again took up a more comfortable-/00^/Vzg-
( 17)
position, at all events, nearer the middle of the road.
During the descent by the edge of this precipice, Tom
and I were both looking out of the window on that side
of the sledge, and so dangerous did it look that, after
my simple observation that cc we were rather near the
edge of the road ", neither of us spoke, but perhaps
thought a good deal. It seemed as if either of us, by
putting our head out of the window, would certainly
turn the scale and overbalance the whole affair. . . .
Our sledge was No. i, and it was as curious a sight as
can well be imagined, after having whisked round the
sharp angles of the road, to see the other five longo ordine
sliding down like cc a shot out of a shovel ", and one
after another whirling round after us.' Only a week
before there had been a very serious accident to some
English travellers on the same Pass.
The party visited Turin, Genoa, Pisa, Florence, and
other towns of North Italy, seeing all the regular sights,
and suffering all the regular impositions which travellers
in Italy have to suffer even at the present day. My
father seems to have been on the whole more impressed
with architecture than with pictures, and to have found
many . famous pictures wanting in expression. He
remarks of Raphael's ' Madonna della Seggiola ' in the
Pitti Palace, c the only one I have seen that does not
look sillily vacant and almost idiotic. . . . One wonders
how the painter of this could have painted some of his
other Madonnas.' They spent three weeks in Rome
B
and ten days in Naples, whence they made excursions to
the crater of Vesuvius and to Pompeii, and then sailed
to the East again, arriving at Alexandria on March 6.
After eight days they sailed to Jaffa, and landed there
on the 1 6th. The whole of my father's diary during
the two-months' tour in Palestine and Syria is full of
interest. He combined his visits to the sacred sites
with much hard entomological work, and seems greatly
to have enjoyed his life in tents and the constantly
changing interests of the journey. The party visited
every part of the Holy Land, and went as far north as
Damascus before returning to the sea at Beyrout over the
Lebanon Range. The following are among the more
interesting or typical entries in his diary :
March 16. c Difficult amid the Babel of Arabs to
realize the fact that one is at last on Terra Sancta, and
in a place as noted in Scripture History as Joppa. Did
not go to have a supposititious house pointed out as
the residence of Simon the Tanner, or another as that
of Dorcas. Quite enough to know and feel that these
things happened in the town very unnecessary to have
a spirit of incredulity stirred up by those who will insist
on making you believe in the spots themselves by
which, even if they 'were known, in all probability no-
thing but superstition and abuse would result.'
March 19. On a stunted olive in the bleakest part
of the Valley of Hinnom sat a raven, croaking away, as
we went by truly a fit inhabitant of that blood-stained
( IP )
spot. One cannot help being struck by many things of
common sight and occurrence in a different way from
that in which we should look at them elsewhere. The
stony fields, or rather ridges of land, with the stones
partly cleared and so placed along the side next the
path or way, often encumbered with weeds, forcibly
brought to mind the Parable of the Sower for in such
a plot of ground the ordinary mode of casting the seed
forth would inevitably throw it upon each of the four
kinds of ground the wayside, among thorns, on stony
ground, and on good ground. So again yesterday,
coming up the ravine from Kolanieh, a fox ran out of
a hole in the rock, and made me think of our Lord's
saying in reference to His own worldly destitution.'
March 20. (At the so-called c Church of the Holy
Sepulchre '.) c Quite enough for us, as for the Apostles
and their successors for 300 years, to know that all these
scenes of our Lord's life took place at Jerusalem, thus
sanctifying the whole place, and not special spots in the
place. ... It is a true and real pleasure to wander
about here, and feel quite certain that in and about
every part at some time or other, and specially on
Mt. Olivet and the way up to it, our Lord often
walked, and that the spots He thus hallowed are now
as nearly in the same state as then as the mere lapse
of t4me could permit while to be told as certain facts
about the spots in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre,
and to see unsightly buildings, tawdry ornaments and
B 2
bad pictures heaped up over them, takes away all
interest, and rouses in one a spirit of scepticism and
incredulity, or at all events raises feelings of anything
but pleasure or reverence, in the midst of so much to
shock and offend. So to treat the places of our Lord's
acts, etc. (even supposing they were undoubtedly the
spots), is really, to say the best of it, cc seeking the living
among the dead ' Y
March ^J. c Shopping in city (Jerusalem) after break-
fast in Jewish quarter. Curious streets, as if under-
ground, with a kind of vaulted archway over the whole
length, light admitted by shafts. Shops Oriental
fashion, like holes in the wall ; the shopman sitting,
or rather squatting, amongst his goods. The driftway
between the two rows of shops, about 4 ft. wide, paved
with a sort of irregular boulders of every size, round-
headed and laid at every level, slippery as glass from
friction of slippers and naked feet. This driftway
crowded with people following every sort of avocation ;
sundry boys and girls going from one part to another
with live coals some with one in a small pair of tongs,
others with two or three in a little sort of tin mug,
their use, I conclude, for lighting pipes. A very strange
scene altogether- from the smell one might conclude
one had got into a ferret-box by mistake , and through
this crowded narrow thoroughfare every now and then
a donkey or a drove of donkeys came blundering and
tumbling through, with perhaps packs on their backs as
wide as the street itself quite a caution to timid Euro-
peans. (The usual plan with the native is to hit the
donkey a cuff in the ear if it comes too close.) . . .
c Got two live Gecko-lizards in order to examine
their toes with a microscope, to see if I could detect
any viscid secretion on them (according to Mr. Black-
wall's theory), but after a careful examination failed to
detect anything of the kind ; came to the conclusion
that they adhere to smooth vertical surfaces by exhaus-
tion of the air beneath the pads at the extremities of
the toes. . . . Mr. Barclay called this afternoon, and I was
glad to be able to give him a piece of magnesium wire
for the doctor of the place to see, as it was a new thing
to him, and he very much wanted to see it.'
March 28. c Left Jerusalem at 9.30 a.m. . . . Amus-
ing to stand by and see all the baggage distributed and
packed on the horses, mules, and donkeys. Apparently
every one seems bent on thwarting every one else, and
the war of words is generally terrific ; but at last, and
really in a very short space, everything seems to be
arranged and in order for a start. . . . We had an
escort of five Bedouins, each armed with a sort of flint-
musket loaded with swan-shot, and a short sort of
sword. These joined us from behind some rocks near
Bethany, and are to remain with us during our stay in
this neighbourhood ; four of them fine handsome men
one a Christian. They walked, ran and jumped about
over the rocks, and seemed as little tired after seven
(ii)
hours of it as at starting. They shot several small birds
on the way, but their guns go offso slowly that a bird has
time to escape between the click-fire and the explosion
of the charge. However, when they did kill, owing to
the size of the shot, and the distance being usually
about four or five yards, the bird was generally blown to
atoms. . . . Saw a colony of ants to-day carrying
barley to their nest, which was deep underground and
too rocky to dig out. A long line of the workers had
almost each of them a barley-corn in its jaws. Yester-
day I came to the conclusion that they did not lay up
grain ; but, alas ! for human conclusions, the same
species on which I experimented yesterday, by strew-
ing wheat and barley in and near their highway, I find
to-day busily carrying away barley, while yesterday they
would not look at it.'
March 30. c Saw an English traveller ride up and
cc do " Elisha's Well this morning. The interesting
operation did not seem difficult, and took him about
five minutes. . . . Caught a small crab near the edge
of the brook and chloroformed it, when it immediately
threw off all its legs and claws.'
March 31. c Last night two Solpugidae (Galeodes) came
into the tent and raced about like mad things not
pleasant visitors, as they are as poisonous or more so
than a scorpion. Caught one to-day full-grown, about
two inches long ; it fought desperately before I could
secure and chloroform it.'
(a? )
April 6. (At the Monastery of Mar-Saba.) c One of
the monks was tending a small garden, and the one who
went round with us plucked some flowers for us out of
the very few in the garden ; it seemed to go to the heart
of the poor gardener, who probably knew what little
store travellers generally set by them while who can
tell what they might have been to the lonesome monk ? '
April 7. c Bethlehem a striking-looking place, both
from the Mar-Saba road, and also from that leading to
Solomon's Pools. . . . Saw numbers of flocks on the
hills attended by their shepherds, just as they might
have been under David, or when our Lord's birth was
announced.'
April 8. (Near Hebron.) c Saw skins preparing for
water-carrying looked like a field covered with pigs on
their backs, who had died of repletion.'
April 13. (A swarm of locusts at Beeroth.) c The
whole atmosphere for two miles at least looked exactly
like bees swarming. There was a sort of dull roar from
the noise of their wings, and they cast quite a shadow
on the ground, like a cloud. They were pitching in
many places, but apparently not permanently, as they
soon took flight again at least most of them. I watched
narrowly, but could not see that any of them devoured
herbage of any kind. They seemed tired and quite
quiet as soon as alighted. We rode right through the
flight, at least three miles; and in many places where they
had pitched they were so thick that you could not see
(H)
the ground; it was one closely packed covering of
yellow creatures. They rose in clouds as we rode
through them, and swarms were going onwards to a
height of 30 yards and more, and on all sides as far as
we could see. When they first came over Beeroth,
women and children came out, and with loud cries and
anathemas beat them down with their upper garments.
... A little owl flew out of his hiding-place and
hawked after them, and I saw a centipede capture one,
fold himself like lightning round it so as to hinder the
action of its formidable hind legs, and then probe it in
every vulnerable part, especially at the joints of the
thorax and abdomen, with its long fanged jaws. It was
one of the strangest sights I ever saw.'
April 14.. c The village of not far from here is
noted for the robberish insolence of its inhabitants.
Last year only, two of them tried to cut off the finger of
a traveller who went without sufficient protection, in
order to get his ring, which would not come off. Two
inhabitants came out and intercepted us as we were
going away ; they were civil enough, as we were two
to one and armed, but they insisted on accompanying us
for some distance : and it turned out, on our Dragoman
interrogating them, that they were the identical two
who last year committed the act mentioned above, and
so far from denying or glossing it over, they gloried in
it, and told the whole story with great delight.'
April 16. (Summit of Mt. Gerizim.) C I was shown
the twelve stones said to have been brought from the
bed of the Jordan and placed on Mt. Gerizim but I
rather annoyed the Samaritan guide by asking (of several
of the stones) whether they were to be counted as one
or two ; for they were quite separated, and counting
them as separate there would have been far more than
twelve. In fact, they had the appearance of being a
natural shelf or ridge of rock split, as it lay, into any
number of irregular pieces ; and this I feel no doubt is
the case. Just after breakfast one of the chief men of
the Samaritans came down to the tents, and said they
were just going to begin praying for ten hours, and
asked if we should like to go and see them so occupied.
I told him that if prayer was real, it was very wrong to
disturb it or make it a public spectacle ; and if it was
not real, it was a most painful sight to see, and no one
of right feeling would care to see it. He said most
English travellers liked to see it, but that what I said
was quite new, though, he thought, quite true/
April 18. (Near Nain.) c Between this and Shunem
we saw a gathering of Bedouins, all fully armed and
mounted forty or fifty. They were in " high talk ",
and were just concluding as we passed. Our Dragoman
heard from them that they had yesterday had intelli-
gence of a raid upon their territory by a large force of
hostile tribes, about three hours from that part, and they
were going to join a general gathering of all their tribes
to resist it, and a battle was expected to-night or
( rf)
to-morrow. They looked very warlike, and added to
the look of the Plain very much. '
May ii. (At Beit-Sham.) c A row last night between
some of our men and some of the village of Ain-Ata.
A suspicious character had been ordered off by the cook,
whereupon he struck the cook, who returned it. He
was then forcibly ejected from the camp by the Mukirs,
but soon returned armed with two pistols and a gun, to
shoot the cook. The scrimmage now became general
and more serious. The priest was there (Latin Church),
a tall, powerful man. He got forcible possession of
the gun, and by his gestures appeared likely to smash
the delinquent's head with its butt end. Just then down
came a sort of posse comitatus from the village, headed by
the Sheik of the village, a little energetic man with his
head tied up, and looking like a little old lady without
crinoline. (He was in reality quite young.) Every one
now shouted and spouted and gesticulated in the most
frantic way, each to each according to whom he hap-
pened to be near, so that to one not initiated it was
impossible to tell who was the delinquent, or whether
any or all sided with him or with our men. The priest's
acts alone were unequivocal : he fixed upon the culprit,
brandished the gun before him, stormed and harangued
the culprit and the mob alternately, and ended by taking
off his hard round turban-shaped clerical head-dress,
and dashing it on the ground with tremendous exclama-
tions, which I believe were equivalent to an excommuni-
(47)
cation., retired to the rear. After a little pulling and
tugging of the culprit by some of his friends he was led
off, though not until the Sheik had rushed about among
the crowd, giving every one he came near a push or a
thump, with injunctions to be off instantly. After
which he came to the tent, and by the Dragoman as
interpreter apologized for the row, and hoped the gentle-
men would excuse it and not think worse of the people
of Ain- Ata on account of what had occurred. I looked
dignified, and said we would excuse it, but hoped it
would not occur again, on which priest and all cleared
off, apparently well satisfied with the result. The
priest came this morning to beg for a small subscription
for a church he proposed to build, and seemed in ecsta-
sies at receiving a dollar for it. He was a fine-looking
man, but totally uneducated and quite from the lower
classes. He could write, as he had the Eastern pen and
ink-case in his belt/
May 14. c Got into Beyrout at half-past four, and so,
God be thanked, our Syrian tour is ended without mis-
hap of any kind. . . . Perhaps to me the most striking
thing has been the testimony borne to the existence of
the Great God of all, and the unity of that one God, in
the simple worship of the Mahometans. The prevailing
idea, in all that I have seen of it, has been adoration of
one great omniscient Spirit. Nowhere do you see any-
thing tending to divest the mind of this idea no pic-
tures, no statues in their mosques, no mauvaise honte in
worshipping and acknowledging His Being and Presence
everywhere and everywhen.'
May 1 8. (At Beyrout.) c An old gentleman at
dinner told the old story about a scorpion stinging
itself to death when surrounded by a fire, but with this
variation, that he put his scorpion under a tumbler, and
hot coals all round outside. I don't believe a word of
it, unless it was that the coals were so close to the
tumbler that the scorpion was baked when there
would be no necessity to sting itself to death. I ought
to have tried it myself while in this country, but I detest
such experiments.'
From Beyrout the party sailed to Alexandretta, where
no one was allowed to land owing to the prevalence of
fever in the town ; but the steamer took on board three
Arabs heavily ironed, 'convicted of the murder of a
whole European family some time ago, but only just
captured, and now going to Constantinople to be exe-
cuted. They lie on deck for'ard in irons, and apparently
quite unconcerned/ After a day at Rhodes they spent
several days at Smyrna, and visited Ephesus thence.
The hotel at Smyrna was c in a state of chronic screech-
ing from 5 a.m. to p.m. Everything with the breath
of life in it screeches here. The cats (five) screech ;
the cocks and hens (seven) screech ; the fifteen children
(of the landlord) all screech ; the dogs (three) screech j
until I am almost brought to a state of sympathetic
screeching hysteria, though the fits generally go off in a
burst of *7tf/-pathetic abuse of the whole lot.' On leav-
ing Smyrna they sailed to the Piraeus (touching at Syra),
and were in Athens in time to hear King George open
his first Parliament (June 9). c We went with M. Tri-
coupis, M.P. for Mesolonghi, to see the King open
Parliament. Nothing very imposing at the ceremony.
Parliament House a long, low, ill-arranged room, but
tastefully decorated with wreaths of flowers and palm-
branches for the occasion. At 10.30 a.m. the new
members to the number of 98 (170 is the number of
members in the Assembly) assembled, together with the
Archbishop and others of the clergy. The room was
crowded with the oi iroXXot in the galleries, and
members' friends (a large number of ladies) in the body
of the room. Ot iroAAol very noisy and excitable.
First, a provisional President was elected. After a
religious service (part of which consisted of a sort of
inebriate-sounding dirgy jig, by way of a chant) the
Archbishop in purple silk robes came to the President's
chair and administered the oath of fealty to the Presi-
dent, all the members taking part in it and signifying
their assent by holding up one hand. The President
then went with the other officers to usher in the King.
I had a good view of His Majesty, who walked in a quiet
gentlemanlike way, and in perfect silence, until as he was
ascending to the Royal Chair several cheers were given,
principally from the body of the room. The King sat
down, and, receiving a paper from an officer, at once
( 3 )
dived into his Speech. This was for several minutes
quite inaudible, owing to the noise and quarrelling of
the ol TroAAoi, in spite of endeavours by some of the
suite to check it. With but few intermissions this dis-
graceful noise was kept up the whole time. Several
times the King stopped and tried to look down the row,
and once in a loud voice commanded silence, with
hardly even a momentary effect. Directly he had
finished the Speech he retired, and the business of the
day was over. The King looks a good-tempered lad,
but with no force of character, and, I should think, of a
weak and vacillating temperament/
While at Athens my father went up Mt. Pentelicon
(walking most of the way) with a small party of friends,
being unaware that the mountain was the haunt of
dangerous brigands; happily they met no one but
a shepherd, and had a very enjoyable excursion.
On June n they left Athens, and sailed, with a short
break in the voyage at Corfu, to Trieste. There is
a quaint entry in the diary for Sunday, June 18 :
c To church at 1 1 and 6. Sermons and collection for
S.P.C.K., as a thank offering for the 50 years of peace
obtained by the Battle of Waterloo. The sermons,
preached by the English Chaplain of Trieste, were 'vox
et praeterea nihilj the vox being of the loudest descrip-
tion. . . . The Chaplain took occasion to say that ec he
had uttered no uncertain sound in Trieste since his
appointment as Chaplain. He had set up the Banner
of the Lord 3,01 y times." This allusion to the number
of sermons he had preached was curiously dragged in/
From Trieste my father and his pupil visited Adels-
berg with its caves, and then spent a few days at Gratz,
a fortnight or so at Bruck, four weeks at Baden, about
ten days in Vienna, and a week or two at Aussee and
in the neighbourhood, the beauty of which impressed
him greatly; then another month at Ischl, and, in
October, short visits to Gastein, Zell-am-See, Berchtes-
gaden, Salzburg, Vienna once more, and Pesth. At
Ischl (September 7) c A little punchy fussy old gentle-
man came up after service, and thanked me for my
excellent discourse which, as it was strongly expressed
in parts, was, I suppose he considered, very suitable to
some of his friends' or neighbours' cases.'
Towards the end of October they began to move
homewards. At Regensburg my father c called on
Dr. Herrich-Scbaffer, a world- wide-known entomo-
logist and writer on Natural History, and very gla'd to
see a brother of the craft. Spent two hours with him
overhauling his books and collections.' A day or
two later, in Nurnberg, he made the acquaintance of
Dr. Ludwig Koch, a distinguished arachnologist, like
his father, and spent a great part of several days with
him, examining his collection. After Nurnberg, they
visited Prague and Dresden, and spent a week in Berlin,
where (as in some other German towns) my father got
much pleasure out of the splendid music which was
( JO
being performed there. By the end of November they
were in Holland, and, after a number of visits to the
principal towns of Holland and Belgium, reached Lon-
don again on the 1 3th of December.
I have given some space to the account of my father's
two years abroad, because they were something more
than a passing phase in his life. He never forgot the
fascination of foreign scenery and architecture, the
delight and freshness of collecting exotic creatures, and
the manifold experiences of his travels, especially in
Egypt and Syria. He used to speak of these with
a pleasure which seemed always alive, and his travels
gave a reality and interest to his life-long correspon-
dence with foreign naturalists and his continual work
at exotic collections sent to him by them and others.
A permanent memorial of his voyage in Palestine sur-
vives in the representation of our Lord's empty tomb
in the east window of Bloxworth Church, which was
based on his sketch of one of the c Tombs of the Kings '
near Jerusalem.
The collection of Left 'dopt era made in Palestine con-
tained many new species, some of which were described
afterwards by Zeller and Stainton, and others by
Lederer, but the latter's descriptions were never pub-
lished. A c first set ' of all the insects was given by him
to Canon Tristram, then compiling the Fauna of Pales-
tine^ in return for a handsome contribution to the fund
for rebuilding the chancel of Bloxworth Church and
( 33)
some of these are now in the University Museum at
Oxford, others are in the National Collection at South
Kensington, and others (the Coleoptera) in the Univer-
sity Collection at Cambridge, though I have not been
able to trace them all. The Coleoptera had apparently
been handed over to Crotch to name, and the Hymeno-
ptera to Frederick Smith ; but what the latter did with
the insects is unknown. The Egyptian and Austrian
Lepidoptera are in my own hands still ; but most of the
Egyptian insects of other Orders were disposed of to
a dealer. The Spiders of Egypt and those of Palestine
were described in two monographs, published in 1871
and 1876. The Hemiptera were described by Douglas
and Scott in the Entomologist's Monthly Magazine.
On April 19, 1*66, at St. Philip and St. James's
Church, Oxford, my father was married to Miss Rose
Wallace, and after a wedding-tour, in the course of
which they visited nearly all the English cathedrals, they
settled into the c Cottage ' at Bloxworth on May 14..
My mother was the daughter of the Rev. James Lloyd
Wallace, who was Head Master of the Grammar School
at Sevenoaks, where she was born in 1840; but he died
when she was still an infant, and my grandmother after-
wards lived first at Brighton and then at Oxford, where
she took pupils, of whom one was John Wordsworth,
the future Bishop of Salisbury. My mother had been
strictly brought up, on the High Church lines of those
days, which now seem very old-fashioned j but old-
c
( 34)
fashioned or not, she was by far the most deeply reli-
gious person I have ever known. By nature very shy and
retiring, and in every way the reverse of self-assertive,
she would yet never swerve an inch from any course
which she believed to be right, and her deep personal
piety and absolute unselfishness made the more impres-
sion on all who knew her, from the fact that they were
not intended to impress any one. For over forty years
she taught in the village Sunday School, played the organ
in the village church, and went about unostentatiously
ministering to the wants of others and visiting any who
were sick or in trouble. She taught all her own chil-
dren until they went to school, and took immense pains
over the task not one of us would hesitate to attribute
any success we may have achieved in different ways in
the first place to her patient and thorough teaching.
All the varied tasks which in many parishes are shared
by a number of workers fell on her alone there was the
burden of a large house, often with inferior servants ;
and the duties of hospitality, not only to parishioners
but to many naturalists and other friends who from
time to time visited Bloxworth, gave her a great deal to
do j but everything was done in the same happy way,
without a thought of self, and in spite (very often) of great
physical weariness and the even greater pain of natural
shyness. She had some reward though she sought
none in the deep love and respect of all who knew her
well, and she has doubtless a better reward elsewhere.
My eldest brother, Robert Jocelyn, was born on
May 10, 1867. In the following January my grand-
father died, to my father's great grief j year after year
the sad anniversary is noted in his diary. In April of
the same year (1868) my father was instituted to the
benefice of Winterbourne Tomson, in June to that of
Bloxworth, and on August 6 the move was made from
the c Cottage ' to the Rectory.
The spring of 1 869 brought a great sorrow in the death
on May i of an infant son, John Trenchard, nine days
after his birth. During all this year my father was busily
engaged upon plans for the rebuilding of the chancel of
Bloxworth Church, as a memorial to his father, and on
September a the foundation stone of the new chancel
was laid. The work was completed in the next year,
1870, and the service of reopening took place on July 7.
The following account of the chancel and of the cere-
mony is taken from the Dorset County Chronicle of
July ii :
BLOXWORTH.
C THE PARISH CHURCH. Pressure of news crowded
from our columns last week a notice of the good work
accomplished in this charming village the opening of
a new chancel for the parish church, constructed at the
expense of the Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge as a memo-
rial to his beloved father, who was for a considerable
c i
( jO
period the rector of the parish. St. Andrew for that
is the name of the parish church is a neat and ancient
structure, and has undergone many alterations and im-
provements in the course of its history. At one time it
was little beyond a plain, whitewashed building, desti-
tute of all architectural ornament, but now thanks to
the present rector we have an entirely remodelled and
adorned edifice. The county surveyor, Mr. George
Evans, of Wimborne, contributed his services gratui-
tously in the restoration, and Mr. A. H. Green, of
Blandford, was the contractor, the work being carried on
under the personal superintendence of the rector. In this
work the features of the old building have been preserved.
The visitor will still see the ancient window at the north
side of the sacrarium, while that at the opposite side
has been copied from the original. The old window
behind the prayer-desk has likewise been preserved, and
the traceried east window may be said to be an improved
copy of the old one. The chancel was formerly in the
Early Decorated style of mediaeval architecture, and its
restoration has been completed in a most substantial
and creditable manner. Flint and stone work form the
exterior of the walls, which correspond admirably with
the rest of the building . The windows and the door-
way have been constructed with Doulting stone, and
there are carved heads from which labels spring. Figures
of St. Andrew and St. Peter stand in niches at the
eastern end. Corsham Down stone has been used in
( 37)
the lining of the interior portion of the walls. The
open-timbered roof has a pretty effect. From the
carved stone corbels spring carved ribs, and ribs divide
the ceiling into panels. There are carved bosses at the
intersections, those over the sacrarium being coloured
and enriched also by gilding, the cornice at the spring of
the roof being completed by a quatrefoil ornament. It
is intended to gild and colour the remaining bosses and
spandril carvings. Dividing the chancel from the nave
are two archways of Corsham Down stone one on each
side and the columns of polished Irish marble with
carved stone capitals have an imposing and elegant
appearance. At the north side, opening into the organ
chamber and the vestry, is a simple archway of Bath
stone. The reredos consists on either side of a central
mosaic panel charged with the Greek Alpha and Omega,
and bordered with encaustic and majolica tiles of ele-
gant pattern, supplied by Messrs. Maw & Co., who
likewise furnished the floor tiles. The east window is
very handsome, being filled with stained glass by Messrs.
Heaton, Butler and Bayne, of London, and cc The
Resurrection " is the subject represented. The centre
compartment represents the Saviour a nearly life-sized
figure with the Roman guards lying beneath. On one
side of the Saviour stand the Virgin Mary and the women
who first visited the holy sepulchre ; on the other side
is the angel sitting on the stone rolled away from the
door of the sepulchre, the background and sepulchre
( 38)
being drawn from a sketch of an ancient tomb now
existing close to Jerusalem. Bordering the side windows
is some stained glass. The fittings of the church have
been carried out satisfactorily. The reading-desk and
lectern, as also the seats, are of oak, the latter having
carved ends and poppy-heads. Tracery work and carv-
ing enrich the reading-desk and lectern, the book-board
of the latter being supported by a beautifully executed
carved eagle. The stone carving including the carved
bosses has been executed by Messrs. Boulton & Son,
of Cheltenham, and in the most satisfactory manner is
their work accomplished. Mr. A. H. Green, the
builder, constructed the seats and the reading-desk.
The carving of the lectern was entrusted to Mr. J.
Forsyth, sculptor, of London. The lectern is in the
Gothic style, the emblems of the four Evangelists being
represented on the base. The south sacrarium window
is filled with stained glass by Messrs. Heaton, Butler &
Bayne, the subject represented being cc Dorcas distribut-
ing clothes to the poor ". On the altar-shelf is an oak
cross, made from a portion of the old chancel roof. A
piece of the " Boundary Oak " an old tree between
Bloxworth and Bere Regis was used to bind the service-
book on the litany desk. This tree is said to be 5-00
years old. Having noticed the chief points of interest
in the sacred edifice as restored, it now remains for us
to report the proceedings at the opening service, which
took place on Thursday week. There was morning
prayer, the clergy and others who took part in the pro-
ceedings meeting at the schoolroom. There were
present the Rector of Bloxworth (the Rev. O. P. Cam-
bridge), Ven. Archdeacon Sanctuary, Rev. W. Gildea
(West Lulworth), Rev. E. P. Blunt (Lytchett Minster),
Rev. F. Warre (Bere Regis), Rev. Prebendary Nash
(Tolpuddle), Rev. S. B. Taylor (Wareham), Rev. G. T.
Whish, Rev. J. F. Bourke (Corfe Castle), Rev. R. W.
Plumptre (Corfe Mullen), Rev. Hartley, Rev. R.
Roberts (Milton Abbas), Rev. C. G. Wheat (Milborne
St. Andrew), Rev. T. H. House (Winterbourne Ander-
son), Rev. G. H. Wynne (Winterbourne Whitchurch),
Rev. F. Newington (Wool), Rev. W. Morrison, and
the Rev. J. Parr (Rural Dean of Whitchurch). At
eleven o'clock the clergy proceeded in procession, two
and two, to the church, being preceded by the church-
wardens, Messrs. Swyer and Young, and a banner with
cross worked in green silk on a white ground. The
Ven. Archdeacon Sanctuary, the Rev. O. P. Cambridge,
and the Rev. J. Parr were at the rear of the procession ;
and before them was carried a banner with cross and
arms of the University College, Durham, white silk on
a mauve silk ground. The service was that for the day
with the exception of the first lesson, for which i Kings
viii. 16-61 was substituted. The prayers were intoned
by the rector. The chants were taken chiefly from <c The
Oxford Chant Book ". The Rev. E. P. Cambridge read
the first lesson, and the Rev. W. Morrison the second
(4)
lesson. After the third collect was sung hymn No. 306.
The Ven. Archdeacon Sanctuary read the Communion
Service, the Epistle being read by the Rev. J. Parr, and
the Gospel by the Rev. T. H. House. Before the sermon
hymn No. 164 was sung. The Ven. Archdeacon Sanc-
tuary, who occupied the pulpit, delivered an eloquent
and impressive discourse, founded on St. Luke xix. 4.7,
cc He taught daily in the temple ". The preacher, after
an exposition of the passage, dwelt on the lessons to be
derived therefrom, closing with an earnest prayer that
God would bless all the ordinances of the church in that
place. During the reading of the offertory sentences
the sum of ^8 js. ^d. was collected for the organ fund.
After the administration of the Holy Sacrament the
clergy returned to the schoolroom, but before all have
left the sacred edifice it may be as well to notice the
decorations. Two handsome candlesticks were on the
altar, and there were elegant vases filled with garden
lilies. The font had handsome floral decorations, and
near the reading-desk and pulpit were placed floral
crosses. The Rev. W. Morrison, Mrs. Morrison, the
Misses Sharpe, the servants of the Misses Newton
(Bloxworth House), Miss Ada Newton, and Master
Newton were amongst those who kindly assisted in
decorating the church. The following is a list of special
contributions by the rector's relatives and friends :
Communion plate, by Mr. J. T. Trenchard, of Poxwell
and Greenhill, Weymouth Communion table, by Mrs.
Ui )
Wallace, mother of the rector's wife ; two Glastonbury
chairs, by Miss Wallace, aunt of Mrs. O. P. Cambridge ;
east window, memorial of the late Rev. G. P. Cam-
bridge, presented by his widow and children; south
window, memorial to Mrs. C. P. de Coetlogon, pre-
sented by her husband ; lectern, memorial to the same,
presented by some of her brothers and sisters and other
relatives; altar-cloth and altar linen, worked by Mrs.
W. Morrison, sister of Mrs. O. P. Cambridge ; cushions
for altar steps and litany desk, worked by Mrs. O. P.
Cambridge, the rector's wife ; two kneeling-stools for
the Communion table, worked by Miss Newton and Miss
Caroline Newton, of Bloxworth House; illuminated
text (by Mr. Elgar, of Blandford), <c In this house will
I give peace, saith the Lord of Hosts ", given by the
parishioners ; harmonium, given by Miss Wallace, aunt
of Mrs. O. P. Cambridge ; alms bag, worked by Mrs.
Fox, family nurse to Mrs. Wallace; first banner,
worked by Miss Sharpe and Miss Agnes Sharpe, also
two flags for the tent ; second banner, worked by Ellen
Stone, nurse to the rector's family. Among other con-
tributors, not of the rector's family, may be specially
mentioned Miss Gordon, daughter of the late Mr. R.
Gordon, of Leweston, near Sherborne, and Mrs.
Robinson, of Effingham, Leatherhead, Surrey. The
rector entertained the visitors at a splendid banquet in
a spacious marquee on the grounds in front of the rec-
tory. Mrs. Drake, an old servant of the family, had
been specially engaged to superintend the arrangements,
and she discharged her duty with the utmost skill and
satisfaction. The tables were tastefully decorated with
flowers and usefully adorned with a plentiful supply of
very fine strawberries. The guests numbered about a
hundred. The school children and the villagers were
regaled with tea in the rectory grounds. Evening ser-
vice was commenced at six o'clock. The church was
crowded, and the preacher was the Rev. J. Parr. Mrs.
Morrison played the harmonium at both services.'
It need only be added that the chancel has weathered
well during the forty-seven years that have passed since
its restoration, and has been further beautified by the
filling of the other windows with good stained glass, in
memory of relatives of the late rector. In i8ya an
organ of singularly beautiful tone was added the work
of Messrs. Bishop and Starr. It has only one manual
(besides pedals), and for many years my father intended
to add one or two more ; but in the end he decided that
a three-manual organ would be liable to become a diffi-
culty in a village church, owing to the rarity of good
organists, and diverted the fund which he had intended
for this purpose to the provision of an organ for the
chapel of Weymouth College. His decision was justi-
fied by the experience of the many years during which
my mother acted as organist ; for probably neither she
nor the village schoolmistress who succeeded her could
have done justice to a larger organ and the fine tone
(43 )
of the organ as it is and the variety of its stops render
it thoroughly adequate to the needs of divine worship.
There was yet another piece of construction to be
carried out, before my father could feel that his parish
was properly equipped. The old school building, a
cottage on the village green, was quite inadequate ; and
with the help of various friends he built, in the course
of 1873, the present school, half-way between the
Rectory and the Church, and made a good playground
in front of it. By the Trust Deed it became the pro-
perty of the Rector and Churchwardens, and has always
been administered as a Church of England school. Until
he reached extreme old age, my father was for practical
purposes sole manager, and after the transfer of the
control of education to the County Council, this work
became much more onerous than it had been, owing to
the large amount of c red tape ' involved (perhaps in-
evitably) in this method of administration. But the
school has almost always obtained creditable reports
from His Majesty's Inspectors, and even more so from
the Diocesan Inspectors in Religious Knowledge ; and
the Sunday School, in which my mother took so large
a part while she lived, has been well maintained since
her death by the devotion of others.
Four more sons were born to my parents myself
(Arthur Wallace) on January ao, 1873 Charles Owen
on November 9, 1874.; Alfred Edward Lloyd on
November 14., 1876; and William Adair on December
14, 187$.
(44)
From the time of his entry into the Rectory until his
death, my father lived the uneventful life of a country
parson, seldom leaving home except for a few days 5
collecting from time to time, or a meeting of the Dorset
Field Club, or a brief visit to London or Oxford,
principally for work in Natural History Museums, or
sometimes to spend a few days with a brother natu-
ralist. The contents of his diaries show some of the
interests which entered into a singularly happy and
contented life the dates of the planting and digging
of potatoes, of the first rhubarb, asparagus, peas, or
strawberries, of the c meets ' of foxhounds at Blox worth
or the < Red Post ', of the buying and selling of pigs,
of concerts in his own or neighbouring villages, and so
on. He took some part in the life of the Diocese also
he was a member of the Salisbury Diocesan Synod from
1871 (when he was elected to represent the Poole
Deanery) to 1889, and attended its meetings regularly.
He was not a very frequent speaker, but did not shrink
from taking an independent line when he felt called
upon to do so, and in discussions at Salisbury and
elsewhere upon the financial side of ecclesiastical life
his strong common sense and capacity for business
contributed something towards the opinions of others.
He held particularly strong views on the subject ot
ecclesiastical dilapidations, the charge for which, he
thought, should be divided between a Central Church
Fund and the incumbent on the same lines as those
on which the cost of secular buildings is distributed
between landlord and tenant, and he had thought out
a scheme on this basis in some detail. He had also
very clear views as to methods of providing pensions
for clergy. For three years (iSy^-Sz), at the urgent
request of Bishop Moberly, he acted as Diocesan In-
spector for Schools in the Poole Deanery ; but the
expenses of travelling from place to place in the
Deanery, almost entirely in hired carriages, were more
than he could meet, with five sons to bring up ; and
when it appeared that the Bishop was unable to carry
out his undertaking that these expenses should be met
from Diocesan sources, he was obliged to give up the
work, to the great regret of his brother clergy of the
Deanery, as well as of the Bishop. When he became
Rector of Bloxworth in 1868 he at once made certain
changes in the services he instituted monthly instead
of quarterly celebrations of Holy Communion, in addi-
tion, of course, to celebrations at the Great Festivals,
and began to hold special services in Holy Week
changes which were then considered great advances,
though more recent practice has gone far beyond them.
He also took pains with the training of the mixed
choir of boys and girls which has always led the singing
in Bloxworth Church ; his conduct of Divine Service
was most reverent and dignified, and his reading of
the Bible (a matter in which many clergy are sadly
incompetent) was both impressive and intelligible. He
U* )
was an old-fashioned High Churchman, and took a
somewhat severe view of Dissent though no Dissenter
ever found him lacking in charity in times of need.
Towards the end of his life his sermons seemed to be
long and rather dry, and to deal with warnings based
on the Old Testament to an extent which had become
unfashionable ; and it was no doubt true that he had
not brought his methods or ideas into accordance with
those of some newer schools of clergy ; but I can well
remember that at a rather earlier time, when his de-
livery was more lively and rapid, he made much more
impression by his preaching, and was often asked for
'occasional' sermons in neighbouring parishes. He
almost always read his sermons, and often revised and
repeated them after intervals of several years ; but
on one or two special occasions I remember that he
preached ex tempore, and threw more feeling into his
utterance than he generally showed in the pulpit. But
whatever might be thought of his preaching, there is
no doubt that he thoroughly understood his parishioners,
nearly all of whom were farm labourers of the type
which prevails in the West of England he knew their
work and their life and its conditions as well as they
did; and to every one in the parish he was always
ready to give advice and help on any matter on which
help was needed; he had, and retained to his death,
their trust and affection, based partly (at least in the
case of the older inhabitants) on their traditional and
(47)
genuine loyalty to the family, but mainly on his own
constant willingness and capacity to be of use to them.
There was little parochial organization. This was not
needed where every one knew every one else and all
about them ; and he was the last person in the world
to divide his people into sheep and goats by a system
of c guilds' and 'bands', as it is now usual to do.
But he taught them in church and school, and prepared
them for Confirmation ; they came to him naturally in
any trouble or difficulty ; he told them faithfully when
he thought they were wrong, and did not always wait
to be asked his opinion. There was a parish Lending
Library and a Clothing Club, which were managed by
my mother, who was also a constant visitor to the
cottages in the village, and cared for every one's wants.
At the School Festival and at Christmas he entertained
as many as he could of his parishioners ; and Christmas
in particular was kept at the Rectory with old-rashioned
hospitality, and the singing of the old Village Carols
(and many newer ones) in the large drawing-room.
He was especially fond of children and young people,
and glad to help his young parishioners to a good start
in life. The part which he played was all the more
important because during a great part of his time as
Rector there was no resident Squire ; but his character
and ability would in any case have made his position
very much what it was. In 1887 he added to his
services to the parish by the re-seating of the nave of
the church ; the old high- backed pews were falling to
pieces they had always been very uncomfortable and
these he replaced by the present seats $ a new pulpit
was given by my mother and others in place of the
Jacobean pulpit which, though picturesque, was decay-
ing and in some ways inconvenient. What was sound
in the Jacobean woodwork was used to line the base
of the tower where the font now stands, and so give it,
as the Baptistery, some distinction; and a much-
needed heating apparatus was introduced into the
church. The new pulpit was used for the first time
on my mother's birthday, November 6, 1887, and the
rest of the work was finished on December i. When
one looks back over his life as Rector for nearly fifty
years, and the longer life which was almost all passed
in Bloxworth, it is no wonder that one of the older
farm labourers a man not much given to expressing
emotion should have said, when my father passed
away, c There, 'tis the end of all things to we. 5
Of my father's other parish, Winterbourne Tomson,
there is little to say. It consisted of a handful of people
never much more and often less than twenty in all living
in a few cottages clustered round a decayed little church
in a field two miles from Bloxworth. My father took a
service there every Sunday for his tiny congregation until
about 1 890, when the church was closed with the consent
of the Bishop, and with good reason, since there was a
church just beyond each of the next fields to east and
(4P)
west, and the waste of energy was absurd. For about
thirty years, as Curate or Rector, my father had walked
over Sunday after Sunday in all weathers, sometimes
returning drenched to the skin, sometimes with his beard
bristling with long icicles, sometimes almost c done up'
with the mid-day heat. He calculated that he had covered
about 7,000 miles in coming and going between Blox-
worth and Tomson. In later years the occasional duties
at Tomson were generally performed by Mr. Askew, the
Rector of the two adjoining parishes, who was kind
enough to give his help. One who knew my father well
some thirty years ago writes : c My mind is crowded with
memories of the very happy days which your father and
mother planned for us in childhood. They were friends
I can never forget. There are certain bits of landscape
I can only picture with your father in them. Tomson
Park requires him with his big stride and his coat-tails
fluttering in the wind. I think of him as the ideal
parson of a small country parish.'
To his family my father was always a boy among boys ;
he shared all our pursuits and amusements, and, without
knowing how much we were gaining, we acquired from
him a delight in nature and a habit of observing natural
objects which has been one of the best things in our lives.
He would take any pains for our pleasure. He made
little gardens for us, and taught us to keep them. When
we were quite small he would make us a cricket -pitch
each year, roll it for hours, and bowl to us cunning
D
under-hand balls ; and when a more permanent cricket-
ground was made, he entered with zest into all the
arrangements for matches, and would put up the tents
himself, and delight in welcoming our visitors. He
rarely went out for a walk or for a collecting expedition
without one or more of us, and we had no greater
pleasure than his companionship, for he was always fresh
and never seemed to grow old. Now and then he would
take us for longer expeditions to Lulworth, or Swanage,
or to meetings of the Dorset Field Club j and when, as
we grew older, we came to hold views different from his
own on many matters, it made no difference to the
happiness of our companionship with him. His delight
in music has already been mentioned. He was a good
violinist; he had a fine violin made by Vuillaume on
the model of Guarnerius ; and he was much in request,
both as a violinist and a singer, at all village concerts in
the neighbourhood. Many such concerts were held at
Bloxworth in his time, sometimes at the school, some-
times in the drawing-room at the Rectory, which would
hold an audience of over sixty ; a platform for the per-
formers was erected at one end of the room, and became
permanent. But for many years most of the concerts in
which he took part were those held at Bere Regis, where
there were several keen musicians. He was always careful
to choose good music, generally that of the classical
continental composers or of the great English writers of
glees and madrigals j and it was found that these were
quite as warmly appreciated by village audiences as
any trumpery could have been. He was more fond of
orchestral than of solo music, and in the later 'eighties
and afterwards he was a conspicuous figure in the Dorset
Orchestral Association, which did excellent work in the
practice and public performance of the best music at
Dorchester and Weymouth, under the conductorship of
Mr. William Stone. Many of the symphonies and over-
tures of Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart, and Schubert were
successfully given by this energetic body, and until 1905",
when old age obliged him to give up regular playing, my
father usually led the second violins; members of the
Association used also to come to Bloxworth and help in
concerts there the wind-parts being mostly taken on
the harmonium by my youngest brother. He took part
whenever he could in the choral festivals held in the
churches of Dorchester and Weymouth, and in the con-
certs of the Weymouth College Musical Society so long
as any of his sons were pupils at that school ; and on
several occasions he and one or more of his sons played
in the orchestra at the choral festivals in Salisbury Cathe-
dral, to which the village choir was also taken whenever
it was possible. He himself wrote several good Anglican
chants and one or two hymn-tunes. Once only, so far
as I can remember, he varied music with drama. In
1885- some ambitious spirits at Bere Regis gave a per-
formance of The Rivals, in which my father took the
part of Sir Anthony Absolute with great effect. In all
D ^
his musical activities he was fortunate in being able to
combine his enjoyment of good music with the happi-
ness, which was always very real and genuine, of doing
something for the pleasure of others. He was President
of the Dorset Orchestral Association from 1897 to his
death.
From time to time he showed his interest in politics
his views were those of a c stern and unbending Tory '
by taking part in political meetings, and in the opera-
tions of the Primrose League, of which, from 1886
onwards, he was a c Knight Almoner'. Sometimes
politics and music were combined ; and several of the
concerts at which he performed were connected with
the Primrose League. The last occasions on which he
went outside his parish were those of the Parliamentary
election of January 1910 and the County Council elec-
tion a few weeks later, when he drove over to the Poll
at Morden and recorded his vote. Happily these polling-
days were more peaceful than he had sometimes known
for instance in 1880, when his diary notes (on April ^):
' To Bere with Bertie to see Drax (candidate for Ware-
ham). With him to the Poll a regular scrimmage with
sticks, etc., and a few heads cracked/ His Conservatism
was of the old and good kind recognizing and believing
thoroughly in class distinctions, as based on differences
of birth and education, but also recognizing to the full,
and carrying out, the duties of the better educated to
their humbler neighbours, and helping them to make a
(n )
success of their lives. That kind of Conservatism belongs,
no doubt, to a world which is almost bygone ; the diffe-
rences in education which were its rational basis are no
longer so sharp, and the element of patronage inherent
in it has become distasteful to the class which used to
accept it with honest gratitude. The change is a whole-
some one in its ultimate tendency but it is impossible
not to look back with some regret to those older rela-
tions between the different elements in village life which,
at least so far as my father and his parishioners were
concerned, subsisted in spirit until his death.
There were few c incidents ' in his life, and he came
more and more to remain at Bloxworth, except for the
occasional visits that have been mentioned, especially
after he took the dairy-farm, of which the glebe at Blox-
worth mainly consists, into his own hands. He farmed
it himself from 1883 until 1915", and during all but the
first and last of those years was blessed with the con-
tinuous faithful service of the same dairyman, Harry
Danniells, and his wife, by whom he was relieved of
most of the anxieties which beset a small-holder. It was
the death of Danniells in 1914. which (together with his
own increasing infirmities) obliged him to let the glebe
once more. As he grew older he became increasingly
devoted to his flower-garden, and he was particularly
delighted when he obtained some new variety of prim-
rose or narcissus. The flower-beds in front of the
window of his c Den ' formed a very brilliant picture in
spring. One or two of the incidents he records are
worth a passing mention. On February 16, 1869, he
c found a rabbit in the church, which went beneath the
floor of the House pew '. (The floor at that time had
more than one hole in it.) In January 1886" Mr. Morton
Stuart (now Earl of Moray) dropped in unexpectedly to
luncheon, as he sometimes did, and found the household
trying the delights of squirrel pie, owing to casualties
which had befallen some squirrels while some of us were
out shooting. The squirrel pie was excellent ; but our
visitor did not appreciate it. On December 6, 1882, we
all joined my father in rigging up an elaborate (and
successful) apparatus for observing the transit of Venus.
On February ^^ 1887, the c hounds brought a fox from
Colwood, and killed it under the housekeeper's room
window and ate it in the yard. The Hunt about a
hundred were regaled on cider and sherry.' In 1889
and 1890 he was Chaplain to Sir Frederick Johnstone,
the High Sheriff of Dorset, and much enjoyed his
meetings with the several Judges who came to the
Dorchester Assizes. Oddly enough, his first Assize
Sermon was preached on the text, c Why stand ye here all
the day idle ? ' (I believe it was in advocacy of a more
rational treatment of prisoners ; he had once done duty
for a time as Prison Chaplain) his second text was c It
is good for us to be here/ I think that the last little
excitement of his life occurred on June 8, 19165 when
he saw (for the only time) a flying-machine.
(ff)
Something has been said in the preceding pages of
my father's scientific work; but a somewhat fuller
account of this may now be given. It has already been
noted that early in life he was a bee-keeper ; apart from
this, most of his earlier observations, as recorded in his
note-books or the Zoologist, are upon birds, in which he
was always keenly interested. In the course of his long
life he was able to record the occurrence in Dorset of
many rare species the Hoopoe near Wareham and the
Golden Oriole at Bloxworth (both in 1854) ; the Osprey
(twice) and all three Buzzards several times ; the Little
Owl (Strix fasserina\ which was heard by him in Bere
Wood in i8ya, Professor Alfred Newton, who was with
him, confirming his opinion ; the Cirl Bunting several
times; the Black Redstart (Bloxworth, 190^)5 the
Dartford Warbler regularly on Bloxworth Heath, until
the winter of 1880-1 temporarily exterminated the
species, though a specimen was once again seen in 1 899
and another in 1904; the Hooded Crow and the
Chough ; the Pied Flycatcher ; Richard's Pipit ; the
Crossbill (in 1866, seen also by Professor Newton);
the Siskin (two nests); the Quail; the Little Bustard
(in 1854); the Thick-Knee (in 1851); the Bittern (two
specimens now in my possession ; the booming of the
Bittern was heard several times just before the turn of
the century by my father and myself); the Squacco
Heron (Bere Regis, i8^x) ; the Curlew (nesting on two
occasions on Bloxworth Heath) ; and all three of the
rarer Snipes the Great Snipe, Sabine's Snipe, and the
Jack Snipe. The lawn at Bloxworth Rectory was a fine
place for the observation of bird life. The Tawny Owl
nested regularly in an ash-tree there- the Great and
Little Spotted Woodpeckers were also regular inhabi-
tants ; and Hawfinches, sometimes one pair, sometimes
several, were to be seen year after year. My father's
ornithological note-book is full of inter esting notes on
the habits, migrations, and food of birds of many species.
Now and then he recorded the occurrence of unusual
varieties an almost white Willow Wren, a white
Nightjar, a Blackbird (which appeared constantly from
i8<?x to 1894) with a pale yellow-brown gorget, like that
of the Ring Ouzel in shape ; and another (in 1895-) with
pale, dull sooty-brown wings.
He had at one time a very fine collection of stuffed
birds of his own shooting, including many great rari-
ties; but these were lent to an exhibition (I believe
during his absence abroad), and were allowed to be
destroyed by moth. Fortunately the specimen of the
Downy Woodpecker, shot by his brother Edward on the
lawn at Bloxworth in December, 1836, was not among
these, and is still in my possession, as are about twenty
other specimens which he acquired in later years, mostly
from keepers who had shot them after their manner.
The appended list of his published notes on birds,
though they deal with a considerable range of topics,
does not. really represent the great variety and interest
(r?)
of his ornithological observations, and, if any desire
were expressed for it by ornithologists, a selection from
his note-books would be well worth publishing.
My father had a very wide and accurate knowledge
not of birds alone but also of almost all British mammals
and reptiles. He was especially constant in his obser-
vation of squirrels and their habits they abounded in
the Rectory shrubbery and on the lawn ; but he seemed
to have an instinctive knowledge, almost like that of
an old poacher, of all wild animals and their ways. Of
British reptiles he made a special study stimulated
perhaps by the occurrence (which was soon found to be
regular) of the local Coronella laevis on Bloxworth
Heath ; and he wrote an account in 1894 of the Rep-
tiles of Dorset.
It has been mentioned already that he was an early
Darwinian, and a number of rough notes and tentative
essays, in which he tried to clear up his mind on various
topics, show his special interest in the theory of evolu-
tion. More definite than these is his opinion on the
problem of secondary sexual characters, upon which he
corresponded a good deal with Darwin, Wallace, and
others, an opinion different from that of Darwin and
more like that of Wallace, who quotes it (Darwinism,
p. 196) in support of his own view. My father wrote
(in 1869): I myself doubt that particular application
of the Darwinian theory which attributes male peculiari-
ties of form, structure, colour, and ornament to female
(>*)
appetency or predilection. There is, it seems to me,
undoubtedly something in the male organization of
a special and sexual nature, which of its own vital force
develops the remarkable male peculiarities so commonly
seen, and of no imaginable use to that sex. In as far
as these peculiarities show a great vital power, they
point out to us the finest and strongest individuals of
the sex, and show us which of them would most
certainly appropriate to themselves the best and
greatest number of females, and leave behind them the
strongest and greatest number of progeny. And here
would come in, as it appears to me, the proper application
of Darwin's theory of natural selection ; for the
possessors of greatest vital power being those most fre-
quently produced and reproduced, the external signs of
it would go on developing in an ever-increasing
exaggeration, only to be checked where it really became
detrimental in some respect or other to the individual.'
Probably some modification would now be necessary as
expressed in this view by my father and by Wallace j
but it was a clear advance on Darwin's own position.
Some later correspondence, however, with Darwin in
1874, when the latter consulted my father with refer-
ence to the small size of male as compared with female
spiders, shows that Darwin held to his own view of
sexual selection.
In a paper on c New and Rare British Spiders ' pub-
lished in 1884, my father called attention to the group
(f9)
of spiders now combined under the genus Erigone, as
one in which new species were still, in all probability,
in process of formation, both in Europe and still more
clearly in North America, and urged the collection of
very long series of all species or supposed species which
are connected with one another by grades of varia-
tion so minute that no line can be drawn between
them.
It need hardly be added that my father saw no incon-
sistency between the theory of evolution, on the lines
laid down by Darwin and Wallace, and the belief in the
peculiar spiritual nature of man.
As an entomologist my father associated with most
of the great collectors of the third quarter of the nine
teenth century J. C. Dale, Frederick Smith, H. T.
Stainton, and, above all, with Frederick Bond. He also
knew well the professional collectors Sam Stevens and
Charles Turner, and his delightful paper on < Brocken-
hurst Revisited \ in vol. xxix of the Entomologist, gives
some amusing reminiscences of Turner. He paid more
attention to Lepidoptera than to any other order of
insects, and his collection of British species was as com-
plete as all but a very few private collections. Here, as
everywhere, his work was very thorough. He was no
mere collector of macros and showy species, and some-
times spoke with amusement of the c diurnal and macro-
lepidopterous frame of mind * of those whom he termed
c goodness-gracious naturalists ' ; and though for many
years he pursued the c macros ' with all the arts of the
hunter by day and by night, and also bred them in large
numbers, his chief delight certainly from the early
'eighties until he ceased to collect was in the Tortrices
and Tineae, for which he worked unremittingly on
almost every fine evening from spring to autumn. His
first butterfly, as has already been mentioned, was a
specimen of Colt as Hyale, caught in 1835- ; his last speci-
mens were set in July 1916, though after 1908 he caught
nothing himself except such specimens as came in his
way in the flower-garden, or were rash enough to appear
on the window of his < Den ', which was a most effective
and constant insect trap ; and in the course of an entomo-
logical career of eighty-one years it is no wonder that
many good things found their way into his collection.
By far the greater part of the collection was of his own
catching; he would never take part in 'exchange 3 of
the almost commercial character which sometimes pre-
vails among entomologists ; but he gave generously to
others, and worked hard, long after his own series of
some rare or local insect was complete, in order to have
plenty for his friends ; and it is right to say that he met
with a like generosity from many of his correspondents,
from whom he was glad to receive one or two specimens
of any species which he had not himself taken, to serve
as types. The remoteness of Bloxworth from London
and other scientific centres made it difficult for him to
compare his own captures with type specimens, and,
(61 )
especially in dealing with the MicrolepUoptera^ the kind-
ness of his friends (among whom were most of the
principal entomologists of the day) was of great service
to him. His constant association for many years with
two well-known Dorset entomologists, Mr. N. M.
Richardson and Mr. E. R. Bankes, was a source of
great pleasure to him, and incidentally to those of his
sons who shared his tastes ; and from them, as well as
from Mr. J. B. Hodgkinson, Mr. W. Machin, Mr. W.
Farren, Mr.G. Elisha, Mr.W.H.B. Fletcher, and others,
he received much help. He collected, of course, mainly
at Bloxworth and in the neighbourhood, which offers a
singular variety of localities from its situation at the
junction of the heath, the clay, and the chalk. There
are few finer collecting grounds in this country than
Bere Wood, Morden Park, and the glorious expanse of
heath which runs from near Dorchester, past Wool and
Wareham (and through Bloxworth), and merges in the
New Forest beyond Wimborne and Ringwood; the
whole district is full of the choicest little spots for
the entomologist's pursuits, nearly all of them associated
with one or more rare or local species. Next to Blox-
worth came Portland, where he collected very frequently
down to 1870, and again from about 1885: onwards,
when the hospitality of Mr. and Mrs. Richardson and
their knowledge of the entomological possibilities of the
island made collecting very delightful. He also went
for many years in succession, when he was a young
man, to the New Forest with Mr. Bond, and his diaries
mention Black Park (near Slough), Freshwater, Lowestoft
(where he caught mznyNoctuae at night in the lighthouse),
and other places among his collecting grounds. During
his two years at Southport and his visits to Scotland he
also added a good deal to his collections. His renewed
acquaintance with Brockenhurst in 1895 gave him great
pleasure, as did also a visit to Birdlip (in the Cotswolds)
in the summer of 1 899, when I was able to introduce him
to some new hunting-grounds and to the haunts of some
species that are always interesting to the Lepidopterist.
But most of his work, both in general entomology and in
arachnology, was done in Dorset. He was very loyal to
his county, and when we were children I remember that
we used to welcome the discovery of a species c new to
Dorset ' with almost as much excitement as that of a
species c new to Britain ' or c new to science '.
His collection of Lepidoptera, which has now passed
to me, includes the two specimens of Lycaena argtades
taken at Bloxworth in 1885- ; the first and for many years
the only British specimen ofHypena obsltalis ; a specimen
of Deiopeta pulchella, taken by Mr. Howard Lacey near
Wareham ; a short series of Lithocolletis andertdae ; plenty
of some local species which were at times regular or
abundant at Bloxworth Noctua dttrapeztum^ Ueliothis
dipsacea, Oenectra pHlerana, Psortcoptera gibhosella^ Cosmo-
pteryx orichalcella, Actptilia paludum ' y some of the old
New Forest species among them Cleora viduaria, and
specimens of some which are now great rarities, such as
Noctua subrosea. In his latest years of regular collecting
he acquired good series of the species of Lithocolletis and
Nepticula, bred from leaf-mines, and beautifully set with
the delicacy of touch which he possessed in so high
a degree.
He made a not inconsiderable collection of insects
belonging to orders other than LepUoptera. The
Coleoptera he turned over to me as soon as I showed
a steady inclination for them, but the nucleus of my
own collection consists of the specimens which he had
previously caught, and down to his last year he added
to these himself whenever he had the opportunity.
In the course of collecting Lepidoptera, and on other
occasions, he took a great many Hymenoptera and
Diptera, and among the former in particular were a
considerable number of rare species. For a few years
he worked hard at the Hemiptera, and as a result
acquired a very useful and representative collection of
British species. He was much indebted to Mr. Edward
Saunders and other friends for their assistance in naming
specimens from these c other orders '.
But of course his principal work was done among
the Arachnida. His special interest in this order dates
from about 1854, when, as has already been recorded, he
received much encouragement from Mr. R. H. Meade,
of Bradford, and through him became acquainted with
Blackwall, whose great work he helped to prepare for
publication. His own first published writing on the
subject was a paper in the Zoologist for 185^ on Arach-
nida taken chiefly in Dorset and Hampshire, and from
this time onwards down to 1914 no year passed without
the publication of some writing from his pen on this
his special subject, with the exception of the two years
1864. and 1865 when he was abroad. He very soon
became a recognized authority on the Arachnida^ and
corresponded largely with continental arachnologists.
The most brilliant of these, M. Eugene Simon, came
to England in June 1871, as a refugee from Paris, and it
was a great pleasure to my father to make his personal
acquaintance at Brighton, as he had already made that of
Dr. Ludwig Koch at Niirnberg in 1865. (He met
M. Simon again at the meeting of the British Associa-
tion at Cambridge in 1894.) Another highly valued
correspondent was Dr. T. Thorell, of Upsala, whose
knowlege of the Arachnida was equalled by his command
of almost every European language. From 1870 to
i88x my father compiled the sections on Arachnida and
Myriapoda for the Zoological Record, and his annual visits
to London for this purpose gave him the opportunity of
keeping in touch with the National Collection at the
British Museum. Unfortunately the authorities at the
Museum did not make the consultation of the collections
easy, and even expected my father to study the speci-
mens without taking them out of the bottles. Some
highly-placed persons treated him on more than one
(ft )
occasion with marked discourtesy, and in the end he
gave up both his work for the Zoological Record and his
visits to the Natural History Museum. (It is a satis-
faction to add that my own experience has been very
different, and that in consulting the National Collec-
tions, as I have frequently done in recent years, 1 have
received the fullest help and encouragement from those
in charge.) From 1869 onwards collections from all
over the world kept pouring in, and my father was con-
stantly engaged in drawing or describing the species
sent to him. His draughtsmanship was extremely
accurate and at the same time artistic- he received
(about 1880 or soon afterwards) the loan of an excellent
binocular microscope from the Royal Society, and as this
was specially constructed for his use it was of the
greatest service to him. Very few of those who sent
him specimens had themselves any desire to keep a
collection of spiders, and so my father's own collection
grew rapidly. He soon made it a rule to decline to
work out any collections unless he were allowed to
retain the type specimens of any new species which he
described. The rule was made partly in self-defence,
but mainly in the interests of science. He had quickly
learned from experience how much carelessness as to
the preservation of types was generally to be expected,
and how much inconvenience the loss of them entailed,
and it was very rarely indeed that the slightest objection
was made to his rule. His practice may be held to have
justified itself, in view of the magnificent series of types
which it enabled him to bequeath to the University of
Oxford, where he knew they would be readily accessible
to students ; and though he adhered strictly to his rule
(except in the case of the collections entrusted to him by
public authorities or already promised to a museum) no
one could have been more generous than he was to other
collectors, or more ungrudging of time, trouble, and
specimens. He was especially ready to encourage young
collectors, but was always glad to show his collection, or
to name specimens for any one who was interested in
the subject. By 1884. the collection had outgrown the
room in the Rectory in which it was housed, and a new
c Den ' was made for it in an outbuilding overlooking
the flower-garden ; and in the course of the next twenty
years even this became overcrowded, for the specimens
were contained in about 5,000 bottles, many of them
containing a number of separate tubes, and occupied
over 600 feet of shelf, often in double rows.
For a great number of years he was often helped by
his nephew, Frederick O. Pickard-Cambridge, who was
a born naturalist and a very clever and artistic draughts-
man, and was capable of very rapid and effective work
sometimes, indeed, too rapid, and marred by hasty
conclusions and a tendency to treat the latest idea as if
it were a new gospel, but almost always useful and sug-
gestive ; moreover, as a companion he was full of fun
and resource. The extreme political and moral ideas
s
o
*
| - 1 a,
which he felt it his duty to preach somewhat indiscrimi-
nately in the later years of his life ultimately brought
about a partial severance between him and my father,
but his early death was undoubtedly a loss to science as
well as to those who had delighted in his companionship.
His papers, chiefly on foreign Arachnida, showed great
ability, and it was he who undertook so much of the
treatment of the Araneidea for the Eiologia Centrali-
Americana as my father could not complete by himself.
His own contribution to the Biologia was my father's
largest single work, and occupied a great deal of his
time from 1883 (when the first consignment of bottles
arrived) to i^oz. This work followed hard upon the
completion of the Spiders of Dorset, the two volumes of
which appeared respectively in 1879 and 1881, and at
once became the standard work on British Spiders, all
of which, whether found in Dorset or not, were included
in it. It was characteristic of my father's special
interest in his county that the species not found in the
county were relegated to an appendix. This caused
some inconvenience in the use of the book by those who
were not privileged to live in Dorset, and the mistake,
if it was one, was not repeated in his monographs on
the British Phalangidea (185)0) and Chernetidea (1891),
though these appeared originally in the Proceedings of the
Dorset Field Club, as did many of the shorter papers on
Arachnida^ which served to bring the Spiders of Dorset up
to date year by year. It was not until after the Spiders
E X
(58 )
of Dorset was published that M. Eugene Simon pro-
pounded his new classification of the Theridiidae one of
the largest and most difficult families of spiders. After
careful study my father adopted it, with some slight
modifications, in his own writings, and re-labelled his
specimens accordingly , and Simon's genera are adopted
in the List of British and Irish Spider s, 'with Synonym s y
which he published in 1900, and in which the many
corrections and additions necessitated by twenty years'
work were embodied. But he still went on with the
revision of his results, and continued his studies in the
synonymy of species up to the year before his death j
and his interleaved copy of the List, as well as that
of the Spiders of Dorset^ containing his MS. notes, well
deserve the attention of students. They are both in the
library bequeathed to the University of Oxford, and
housed in the Hope Professor's department.
Some of his determinations of species, especially in
the more minute groups of the Theridiidae^ have been re-
cently revised by Dr. A. Randell Jackson and others, and
the study of the British Chernetidea has been carried a
stage farther by Mr. H. Wallis Kew. Such revision
and addition to his work my father always welcomed and
encouraged warmly, and both the writers named have
fully acknowledged the assistance which he gave them.
But the bulk of his work will remain as the necessary
starting-point for all future students.
Among other works of some extent written by him are
UP)
the descriptions of species in Moggridge's Harvesting
Ants and Trapdoor Spiders (1873) and in the supplement
published a year later the account of the spiders taken
in the course of the second mission to Yarkand (pub-
lished in 1885"); and the article c Arachnida' in the
ninth edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. But the
greater part of his published work took the form of
papers published at first in the Zoologist, and occasion-
ally in the Transactions of the LUnnean Society r , but mainly
in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History, the Pro-
ceedings of the Zoological Society (in which the majority of
these papers were issued), and the "Proceedings of the
Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club.
Almost without exception they were illustrated by the
clear and accurate drawings which were so useful a
feature in his work. Occasionally he reviewed the
work of other arachnologists in Nature, and he some-
times contributed accounts of the local spider-fauna to
the Proceedings of the Natural History Societies of other
counties. He had a great belief in the value of thorough
work in definite districts, and always liked to have local
collections to describe. His experience at Bloxworth
justified this. Few districts can ever have been so
thoroughly worked, whether for Spiders or Lepidoptera,
and yet surprises were always forthcoming. Moreover,
apart from the perpetual interest of obtaining fresh
species, he felt that it was by getting to know everything
about a particular district and its fauna that a naturalist
could keep in touch with, and perhaps contribute some-
thing to, the solution of the wider biological questions
which lie in the background of Natural History ; and
even the mere list-making which such study often
involves is not scientifically unprofitable. Accordingly,
when his nephew's death in 1905- left the compilers of
the Victoria County Histories with no one to draw up the
accounts of the Arachnida of each county, my father,
though seventy-seven years old, gladly undertook the
work, and revised or compiled the lists for a good many
counties before the publication of the series was sus-
pended. His latest publications were an article on
c Spiders ' in the Natural History of 'Bournemouth and Dis-
trict, and the last of many papers c On New and Rare
British Arachnid a * in the volume of the Dorset Field
Club for 1914. He wrote altogether (in addition to
reviews and larger works) about 130 descriptive or
faunistic papers, as well as many shorter notes on
spiders in various periodicals, and the new species
described by him number many hundreds. Spiders are
not a favourite subject for popular lectures, but my
father was occasionally invited to lecture, and enjoyed
doing so. He addressed audiences at Toynbee Hall (in
1890) and in several Public Schools. One such lecture,
delivered at Marlborough in 1887, was printed by the
Natural History Society of the College. He had a
number of show-cases of Arachnida of different orders
made up for such occasions j but he always wrote out
his lecture afresh, and adapted it to each new audience.
Some of his hearers have told me that there was some-
thing infectious in his enjoyment of his subject, and
I can well believe it but he was never c popular ', if the
word implies an unscientific or trivial treatment of his
theme.
Some of the fellow workers in the same field whom he
knew well in his earlier days in person or by correspon-
dence have been mentioned John Black wall, R. H.
Meade, Professor T. Thorell, C. L. Koch and his son
Ludwig, and Eugene Simon ; others were General
A. W. M. van Hasselt, Graf E. von Keyserling, Dr.
Philip Bertkau, M. Leon Becker, Herr L. Kulczynski,
and M. Roger de Lessert ; and in America and the
Colonies, Mr. J. H. Emerton, Mr. G. W. Peckham,
Mr. H. H. B. Bradley, and Mr. Nathan Banks. Some
of these are happily still living. His naturalist friends
in Great Britain are too many to mention, but I remem-
ber that visits were paid to Bloxworth by Professor
Rolleston, Dr. Alfred Russell Wallace (several times),
Mr. G. C. Champion, Mr. F. D. Godman, Mr. F. M.
Campbell, Dr. A. Horner, Mr. G. H. Carpenter,
Mr. R. I. Pocock- and several times by Mr. Cecil
Warburton, Mr. H. Donisthorpe, and Dr. Randell
Jackson, the last of whom my father hoped would carry
on his work when he himself should have gone.
My father was naturally a member of many societies
devoted to his favourite pursuits. He became a corre-
spending member of the Zoological Society of London
in 1870, and afterwards a Fellow, and in 1874 he was
elected an Honorary Member of the New Zealand
Institute, in recognition of his accounts of New Zealand
spiders. He was one of the founders of the Dorset
Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club, being
present at the birth of the society in 1875 at the Digby
Hotel, Sherbornej he was Treasurer of the Club from
1881 to 1900, and Vice-President from 1883 until his
death. Down to the end of the nineteenth century he
was a very constant attendant at its meetings, the
organization of which very frequently fell to him, and,
with his long white beard and a white puggaree round
his clerical hat, he was a conspicuous figure, as he went
about acting the part of c whipper-in' to the straggling
pack of members. He was an Honorary Member of the
Hampshire Field Club and the Nottinghamshire Natura-
lists Society, and of the Dallas Historical Society in
Texas. His Fellowship of the Royal Society dated
from 1887; he was elected in the summer, and signed
the Roll at the meeting of the Society on November a^.
Unfortunately he was able to attend few meetings after-
wards j the distance of London from Bloxworth, the
number and variety of his occupations at home, and the
expense of educating a large family, all combined to pre-
vent him visiting London very often j but he valued the
honour of the Fellowship.
It is idle to ask what is the value of a life devoted to
(73).
Natural History. The value, indeed, to the naturalist
himself is beyond dispute there can be few better or
purer pleasures than those which arise from a knowledge
of nature, growing daily, and daily sought with greater
patience, surer confidence, and increasing hopeful-
ness, sought, moreover, largely in the open air, in the
woods, on the downs or on the heaths, amid sights and
sounds of beauty and wonder, in little things no less
than in great. But apart from this, the only answer to
the question is that in one sense every one knows, for
all knowledge has a value unique in kind and not
measurable by other standards; and in another sense
no one knows, for no one can foresee what, in the life-
time of the naturalist or afterwards, will be the larger
result of facts carefully collected on a very large scale
and minutely studied. The moment when they may be
of use for the solution or illumination of larger problems
may be long delayed or it may come soon; but the
advance of science consists in no small degree in the
discovery (often the sudden discovery) of the meaning
of some great accumulation of data patiently made by
workers who sought for no reward beyond the satisfac-
tion of adding to the sum of human knowledge., and
finding their own happiness in a pure and enlightening
pursuit. With the change of a single word we may
apply the words of Abt Vogler in Browning's poem:
c The rest may reason, and welcome; 'tis we musicians
know.'
It was not until about the turn of the century, when
he was a year or two over seventy, that he began to feel
his age at all seriously, though he had suffered during
most of his life from periodical attacks (sometimes severe)
of rheumatism and lumbago. His last entomological
walk in Bere Wood (our principal hunting ground) took
place, I think, in May 1901, and in the same year he
preached outside his own parish for the last time. In
the summer of 1901 he had an unusually long and
severe attack of rheumatism, and in 1903 he was almost
confined to the house for the first five or six months of
the year, during which his clerical duties were performed
by a brother naturalist, the Rev. H. S. Gorham. He
was however well enough to attend the consecration of
an addition to the churchyard on July 5, and within a
short time was able to resume his work among the
spiders in his c Den ', and to attend the practices of the
Orchestral Association at Dorchester. His last appear-
ance at the meetings of the Association was on May i^
1905, when he played at a concert at Weymouth. In
the autumn of 1905* he was again laid aside for over two
months, and never wholly recovered, and on June a 8,
1908, he went to church for the last time ; the weak-
ness in the legs became serious, and from this time on-
wards, though he attended to all parochial business and
saw his parishioners constantly, the services in the
church were taken by the Rev. E. D. Benison, and
llf )
except for a few brief excursions to the school, to dis-
tribute prizes and certificates, or to the Poll at Morden,
he did not leave the Rectory grounds, and his walking
was practically confined to a few steps across the flower-
garden on his way to his c Den '. But his hand and eye
were as keen as ever, and he was constantly at work at
his table in the c Den *, sorting and describing species
of spiders from many parts of the world, and setting
such insects as were sent to him or imprudently visited
his window, and he continued, as has been recorded, to
publish papers on spiders and other iftgect subjects
until 1914. In August 1910 a very heavy blow fell
upon him and upon all of us in my mother's death after a
year of painful illness; but he showed great pleasure
when in IyI^ all his five sons were gathered round him.
In January 1913 all five sons were again present at the
annual Carol Party for the last time, as it proved, for
soon afterwards my brother Owen returned to mission-
work in Japan. The years 1914 and 1^15 brought
a variety of minor troubles which told on my father
a good deal, and during 1916 he began to fail more
rapidly, and at last resigned the attempt to keep up with
the various kinds of business which he had done with
such ease during most of his life. On October 7 he
visited his c Den' for the last time, and on the i^th
made the last entry in his diary c Rainfall f hun-
dredths '. (He had kept a regular record of rainfall for
very many years.) From this time onwards he became
more helpless, and on March <?, 1917, passed peacefully
away.
His was a good life to look back upon full of the
most varied interests, in natural history, in music, in
gardening, in antiquities, in politics, as well as in his
work as a clergyman. Until the last year or two of his
life, he never seemed to grow old in mind, but remained,
as ever, enthusiastic, warm-hearted, outspoken, full of
fun and life, delighting in sharing his fun with others,
and always ready to help or give pleasure to any one
in any matter. He was staunchly loyal to what he
regarded as the fundamental principles of Churchman-
ship and Conservatism, but though he sometimes spoke
strongly about those who held other opinions, there was
no malice in his words. He often took strong views,
and did not give them up easily, but anything that might
seem dogmatic in his manner was not more than super-
ficial, and he ordinarily displayed a fine old-world kind-
liness and courtesy. It was little wonder that he was
beloved by young and old. The spirit in which he lived
can best be summed up in the words of a cutting pasted
inside the cover of a Prayer-Book which lay on his
writing-desk : c Look at your mercies with both eyes,
at your troubles with only one ; study contentment ;
keep always at some useful work ; let your heart's
window be always open towards Heaven/ I may also
(77)
quote from a letter written to myself in August 18518 :
f Long may the world be a happy one for you . . . ; but
you will find that happiness is a very comparative
article,, and will in the end consist more in what you can
cheerfully and gracefully give up than in what you can
get.' He himself gave up much that others value, but
few men can have done so more cheerfully, and few can
have lived a happier life or contributed more to the
happiness of those about him.
LIST OF WRITINGS
OF
THE REVEREND
OCTAVIUS PICKARD-CAMBRIDGE
ANTIQUARIAN AND MISCELLANEOUS
An Address to the County of Dorset, offering
a few observations on the present Dorset
County Museum and Library. (Dorset County
Chronicle Office.)
1879. On Bound-Oak. (Proc. Dors. F. C. iii.)
On an Ancient Hour-Glass and Stand in Blox-
worth Church, (ib.)
1884. Megalithic Remains at Poxwell, Dorset, (ib. vi.)
1886. Woodbury Hill. (ib. vii.)
Bloxworth Church, (ib. vii.)
1888. On an Ancient Hour-Glass and Stand in East-
hope Parish Church, (ib. ix.)
1913. A Reminiscence of the late Revd. C. W. H.
Dicker, and some Observations on Bloxworth
Church, (ib. xxxiv.)
1914.. On the relics left by Philip and Joan of Castile at
Wolfeton House, (ib. xxxv.)
METEOROLOGY
1887. On the effects of a flash of lightning at Bloxworth.
(Proc. Dors. F. C. viii.)
On a whirlwind at Bloxworth. (ib. xvii.)
BIOGRAPHICAL
1881. John Blackwall, F.L.S. (Ent. xiv, p. 14?.)
1887. In Memoriam, Revd. William Barnes. (Proc.
Dors. F. C. viii.)
1893. Some reminiscences of the late Professor West-
wood. (Ent. xxvi, p. 74.)
1913. (vid. sufr. under c Antiquarian '.)
MAMMALIA
1879. Roedeer in Dorsetshire. (Zoo/., pp. aoc>, 2,63.)
Stoat in ermine dress. (Zoo/., p. 164..)
1 886. Curious capture of a water rat. (Zoo/., p. an.)
1890. Notes on some habits of the squirrel. (Proc.
Dors. F. C. xi.)
1 8^5. Yellow-tailed squirrels. (Zoo/., p. 103.)
REPTILIA
1851. Skin of a large snake. (Zoo/., p. 3809.)
1871. Coluber austrtacus in Dorsetshire. (Zoo/., p
1879. Coronella laevis in Dorsetshire. (Zoo/., p. 461.)
l88d. Coronella laevis. (Proc. Dors. F. C. vii.)
1 894. Reptiles of Dorset, (ib. xv.)
ORNITHOLOGY
iSfa. White Willow-wren. (Zoo/., p. 3777.)
1851. Woodcocks breeding in this country. (Zoo/.,
p. 35110.)
1854. Hoopoe and Golden Oriole near Blandford.
(ib., p. 43 66.)
Correction of an error, (ib., p. 4438.)
Rare Hawks near Blandford. (ib., p. 4710.)
Extraordinary Hen's Egg. (ib., p. 4703.)
( 8i )
1859. Note on a New British Woodpecker. (Zool., p.
^H4-)
1871. Snipe c drumming' on February ^. (ib., p.
*991-)
Are Guernsey Birds British? (ib., pp. 5109,
3183.)
1873. Wild Birds' Protection Act. (ib., pp. 3576,
1874. Fieldfares feeding upon Apples. (ib., p. 3830.)
Late stay of House Martins, (ib., p. 3833.)
187(7. Song of the Ring-ouzel, (ib., p. 2,67.)
Fieldfares in May. (ib., p. x<8.)
Oyster-catcher in Portland during the breeding
season, (ib., p. 304..)
1880. Peregrine Falcon on Salisbury Cathedral Spire.
(ib., p. 300.)
1 88 1. Osprey in Dorsetshire, (ib., p. ^6^.)
Long-eared Owl breeding in Dorsetshire, (ib.,
p. 163.)
i88x. The < churring ' of the Nuthatch, (ib., p. 149.)
Notes of the Nuthatch and Lesser Spotted Wood-
pecker. (ib.., p. 130.)
1883. On a peculiar habit of the Starling, (ib., p.
3H-)
1886". Birds in severe weather, (ib., p. ^I^.)
1887. Paired Varieties of the Jackdaw, (ib., p. 196.)
1891. On Rooks planting Acorns. (Proc. Dors.F. C.
xii.)
i8^x. Girl-Bunting in Dorsetshire. (Zool., p. 130.)
1893. Blackbird marked like Ring Ouzel. (ib., p.
185,.)
1894. Early arrival of the Cuckoo in 1894. (ib., p.
2-H-)
Blackbird marked like Ring Ouzel, (ib., p.
in.)
Jacksnipe in Dorsetshire in May. (ib., p. a 3 i.)
F
The dispersal of Acorns by Rooks. (Zool., p. 18.)
1898. Immigration of the Song Thrush. (ib., p. 164.)
1901. Black Redstart at Bloxworth, Dorset. (ib., p.
474")
Migration of Jays, (ib., p. 4.66.)
On the Songs of Birds, (ib., p. 468.)
Does the Blackbird eat Snails? (ib.., p. 349.)
1907. White Variety of Nightjar, (ib., p. 307.)
GENERAL ENTOMOLOGY AND 'OTHER
ORDERS'
185-1. On Robber-bees ; the phenomenon thus denomi-
nated attributed to the presence of the Honey-
Moth. (Zool., p. 3746.)
185-3. Note on the supposed late appearance of Insects,
(ib., p. 4^9.)
185:4. Correction of an error in the note on the late
appearance of Insects, (ib., p. 4180.)
1855-. On the Corporeal Sensations of Insects, (ib.,
p. 45-78.) (Written 185-3.)
1871. Preservation of Colour in Dragon-flies. (Ent.
vi, p. 181.)
1874. Conclusion of the Entomologists 3 Annual. (Z00/.,
P- 39TT-)
Review of C. Thomas 3 Synopsis of the Acrldldae
of North America. (Nature, Feb. 19, 1874.)
1880. Letter to the Editor, Young Naturalist, i, p. 87.
1 88 1. Hymenoptera in Dorsetshire. (Ent. xiv, p. 137.)
i88z. Capture of Harpalus oblongtusculus in Dorsetshire.
(Ent. xv, p. 138.)
1889. Cicindela germantca in Dorsetshire. (Ent. xxii,
p. 114.)
1 890. On the need of the revival of the Entomologists*
Annual. (Ent. xxiii, p. 65.)
. Notes on Collecting in Egypt. (Ent. Rec. xvii,
p. xio.)
". Notes on the Mole-cricket. (Zool., p. 470.)
. Lytta vesicatoria. (Ent. Mo. Mag. 1909, p. 39)
LEPIDOPTERA
1874. On the Transformations of Heliothis dipsacea.
(Zool. y p. 45-18.)
. Curious capture of Poecilocampa populi. (ib., p.
i8?<>. Graphiphora di trapezium in Dorsetshire, (ib., p.
5108.)
. Pbycis contu&ernella in Dorsetshire. (ib., p.
1867. Hybernation of Vanessa urticae. (Ent. iii, p.
i 99 .)
1868. Acronycta alni. (ib. iv, p. 94.)
1879. Laphygma exigua in the Isle of Portland. (ib.
xii, p. 1 8 1.)
Pyrameis cardui and Plusia gamma, (ib.., p. ix'^.)
Eupithecia expallidata. (ib., p. 1x4.)
Moths caught in the blooms of the Burdock.
(ib., p. af 7.)
1880. On Eulepia cribrum. (Toung Nat. i, p. an.)
1 88 1. Triphaena subsequa. (Ent. xiv, p. ^13.)
Deiopeta pulchella. (ib., p. ^17.)
Eupithecia expallidata two years in pupa, (ib.,
p. aa8.)
i88a. Note on Chelonia caja. (ib. xv, p. 2.83.)
1884. On Hypena obsitalis^ a Deltoid Moth new to
Britain. (Proc. Dors. F. C. vi.)
Cucullia scrophulariae two years in pupa. (Ent.
xvii, p. 143.)
A New British Deltoid, Hypena ohslialls^ Hub.
(ib., p. itfy.)
F I
. Lycaena Argiades y Pall, a Butterfly new to the
British Fauna. (Ent. xviii, p. 249.)
1886". Notes on Lycaena Argiades^ a Butterfly new to
Britain. (Proc. Dors. F. C. vii.)
Non-occurrence of spring brood of Lycaena Ar-
giades. (Ent. xix, p. 230.)
Oenectra filler ana^ SchifF, and Pterophorus paludum,
Zell. (ib., p. ^6.)
1887. On some rare and local Lepidoptera lately found in
Dorsetshire. (Proc. Dors. F. C. viii.)
Sphinx convolvuli. (Ent. XX, p. 303.)
Microlepidoptera in Dorsetshire. (ib., p. 307.)
Acipttlia paludum^ Zell. (ib., p. 316.)
1889. Aciptilia paludum. (Toung Nat. x, p. 23 2.)
1890. Lepidoptera taken in Dorsetshire in 1889. (Ent.
xxiii, p. 1 01.)
1 89 1. Notes on Lepidoptera taken in the BJoxworth
district in 1890. (ib. xxiv, p. 97.)
Notes on Lepidoptera taken in 1891. (ib. xxv,
pp. 8x, 119.)
Cosmopteryx orichalcella in Dorsetshire, (ib., p. 1 95-.)
Notes on Lepidoptera in the Bloxworth district
in 1892. (ib. xxvi, p. 87.)
Notes on Eupoecilia geyeriana and Cemiostoma
lotella. (ib., p. 90.)
1894.. The Burney and St. John Sales. (Ent. Rec. v,
P- 74-)
1895. Lepidoptera in the Bloxworth district, Dorset-
shire, in the season of 1894. (Ent. xxviii,
p. 87.)
Why not collect Tortricina? (ib., p. 255.)
. Lepidoptera at Bloxworth in 1895:. (ib. xxix,
p. 131.)
Brockenhurst Re-visited, (ib., p. 146.)
On rearing Acherontia atropos. (ib., p. 361.)
Sphinx pinastri as a British insect. (Ent. Rec. vii,
p. 8.)
1896. Clear a viduaria. (Ent. Rec.j viii, p. 38.)
Is Minoa murinata (euphorbiata) double brooded?
(ib., p. 136.)
185)8. Natural History Notes for 185)7. (Proc. Dors.
F. C. xix.)
Cnephasia cmctana not at Bloxworth. (Ent. xxxi,
p. 96.)
Microlepidoptera taken at Bloxworth, Dorset, (ib.,
p. 103.)
1901. On rearing Acherontia atropos. (ib. xxxiv, p. aay.)
1904. Deilephila livornica in Dorsetshire, (ib. xxxvii,
p. i8p.)
1907. On the discovery of the food plant of Aciptilia
(Buckleria) paludum. (ib. xl, p. 187.)
Notes on Lycaena Argtad'es^ Pall. (ib.,'p. ^.3^.)
1^08. Laverna decorella at Bloxworth, Dorset. (Ent. xli,
p. 156.)
Acldalia degeneraria. (ib. xlii p. 318.)
Sta uropus fagi. (ib., p. 311.)
ARACHNIDA
i8?z. Abstinence of a Spider. (Zool., p. 3 j66 .)
1 8 ^3. Note on the supposed total abstinence of a Spider.
(Zool., p. 388z.)
1859. Remarks on Arachnida^ taken chiefly in Dorset-
shire and Hampshire. (Zool., p. ^4.93.)
i86"o. Supplement to a note on the Arachnida of Dorset
and Hants, (ib., p. 6^.)
List of Southport Spiders, with remarks on uni-
formity of use and meaning of words in Natural
History, (ib., p. 6893.)
On Two New British Spiders. (Ann. Mag. N. H.,
March, 1860.)
(85)
. Notes on Spiders captured in 1860. (Zool. y
P- 7TT3-)
Descriptions of ten new species of Spiders lately
discovered in England. (Ann. Mag. N. H. }
June, 1861.)
. List of new and rare Spiders captured in 1861.
(Zoo!., p. 794 . T .)
Descriptions of ten new species of British Spiders.
(ib., p. 75>5i.)
Sketch of an Arachnological Tour in Scotland
in 1861, with a list of Scotch Spiders, (ib.,
p. 8041.)
Note on the supposed discovery of a new British
My gale. (Zoo/. y p. 8201.)
. On the supposed new British Mygale. (Zoo!.,
p. 8718.)
Descriptions of twenty-four new species of
Spiders lately discovered in Dorsetshire and
Hampshire, together with a list of rare and
hitherto unrecorded British species. (Zool. y
p. 8^1).
1867. Habits of Epeira apoclisa. (Ent. iii, p. aiy.)
1868. Numerical proportion of sexes among Spiders.
(Zool. y p. 1x4.0.)
Descriptions of a new genus and six new species
of Spiders. (Proc. Linn. Soc. x, pp. 164.^6.)
1 869. Descriptions of two new species of Araneldea^
with characters of a new genus, (ib. x,
pp. 398-4.05:.)
Catalogue of a collection of Ceylon Araneidea
lately received from J. Nietner, with descrip-
tions of new species and characters of a new
genus, (ib. x, pp. 373-97.)
Notes on some Spiders and Scorpions from
St. Helena, with descriptions of new species.
(P. Z. S., Nov. ay,
( 87 )
Descriptions and sketches of some new species of
Araneidea^ with characters of a new genus.
(Ann. Mag. N. H., Jan., 1869.)
1870-81. Articles on Arachnida and Myriapoda annually
in the Zoological Record.
1870. Note on the Gregarious Spiders of Paraguay.
(Ent. v, pp. 19, 67.)
Monograph of the genus Idiops, including descrip-
tions of several species new to Science. (P. Z. S. y
Feb. 10, 1870.)
On some new Genera and Species of Araneidea.
(P. Z. S., Nov. i, 1870.)
Notes on a collection of Arachnida made by J. K.
Lord, Esq., in the Peninsula of Sinai and on
the African borders of the Red Sea. (P. Z. S. y
Dec. 6, 1870.)
Review of Thorell, On European Spiders. (Ann.
Mag. N. H., Nov., 1870.)
Descriptions of some British Spiders new to
Science, with a notice of others, of which
some are now for the first time recorded as
British species. (Trans. Linn. Soc. xxvii, p. 393 .)
1871. Notes on some Arachnida collected by Cuthbert
Collingwood, Esq., M.D., during rambles in
the China Sea, &c. (P. Z. S., June 10, 1871.)
On British Spiders, being a Supplement to British
Spiders new to Science. (Trans. Linn. Soc. xxviii,
P- 4*30
1871. On new and rare British Spiders, (ib., p. fi^.)
General list of the Spiders of Palestine and Syria
with descriptions of numerous new species.
(P. Z. , Feb. ao, 1871.)
Descriptions of twenty-four new species of Eri-
gone. (P. Z. ., June 18, 1871.)
On a new family and genus and two new species
of Thelyphonidea. (Ann. Mag. N. H., Dec., 1871.)
(88)
1871. On the habits and distribution of Lycosa ingens.
(Ann. Mag. N. H., Dec., 1871.)
1873. On some new genera and species of Araneidea.
(P. Z. 5. 9 Jan. xi, 1873.)
On the Spiders of St. Helena, (ib., March 4,
1873.)
On some new species of Araneidea, chiefly from
Oriental Siberia, (ib., May 6, 1873.)
Hints on collecting Arachnida. (Nature^ Jan.,
1873).
Review of Thorell's Remarks on Synonyms of
European Spiders. (Nature ^ Sept. II, 1873.)
Descriptions of Spiders in Moggridge's Harvest-
ing Ants and Trap-door Spiders. (L. Reeve
& Co.)
An introduction to the study and collection of
the Araneidea in New Zealand. (Trans. N. Z.
Inst. vi, p. 187.)
On some new species of European Spiders. (Linn.
Soc. Journ. xi, p. 530.)
Spiders' Threads. (Gardener's Chronicle^ Oct. 4,
1873.)
1874. Systematic list of the Spiders at present known to
inhabit Great Britain and Ireland. (Trans.
JJnn. Soc. xxx.)
On some new species of Dr as sides. (P. Z. 5.,
June 3, 1874.)
On some new species of Erigone from North
America, (ib. June 16, 1874.)
On some new genera and species of Araneidea.
(Ann. Mag. N. H., September 1874.)
Descriptions of Spiders in Supplement to Mog-
gridge's Harvesting Ants and Trap-door Spiders.
(L. Reeve & Co.)
1875:. Article Arachnida, for ed. ix of Encyclopaedia
Britannica.
1875-. On some new species ofErigone. Part I. (P. Z. S.,
March 16, 1875-.)
Ditto. Part II. (ib., April 10, 187?.)
On some new species of Erigone from North
America, (ib.,, June i, 187?.)
A new genus and species of Trap-door Spider
from South Africa. (Field., August 18, 1875.)
Review of Simon's Les Arachnides de "France.
(Nature, Jan. ai, 1875.)
On a new species of Liphistius. (Ann. Mag.
N. H., April 1875-.)
Notes and descriptions of some new and rare
British Spiders, (ib., October, 187 ?.)
On a new genus and species of Trap-door
Spider from South Africa, (ib., November,
On three new and curious forms of Arachnida.
(ib., Dec. 1875.)
List of Araneidea and Phalangidea collected from
October 1871 to October 1874. in Berwick-
shire and Northumberland by Mr. James
Hardy. (Proc. Berwickshire Field Naturalists'
Society.)
1876. On a new order and some new genera of Arach-
nida from Kerguelen's Land. (P. Z. S. y Feb. 1 5,
1876.)
Catalogue of a collection of Spiders made in
Egypt, with descriptions of new species and
characters of a new genus, (ib., June 10,
1876)
Review of ThorelPs Descriptions of several European
and North African Spiders, and of the Arachno-
logical writings of Nicholas Marcellus Hentz.
(Nature, Feb. 10, 1 8*76.)
1877. Notes and Preface to Last of Spiders captured in
the Seychelles Islands. (Dublin Univ. Press.)
1877. On the Spiders of Scotland, with a list of species.
(Ent. x, pp. 154. ff., 174. ff., 101 f)
On some Spiders collected by the Rev. George
Brown in Duke of York Island, New Britain,
and New Ireland. (P.Z. S., March ao, 1877.)
On some new species of Araneidea^ with charac-
ters of two new genera, and some remarks on
the families Podophthalmides and Dinopides.
(P. Z. , June 19, 1877.)
On some new genera and species of Araneidea.
(Ann. Mag. N. H., January, 1877.)
On some new and little known Spiders from the
Arctic Regions, (ib., October, 1877.)
On a new species of Trap-door Spider from New
Zealand. (Trans. N. Z. last. 1877.)
1878. Notes on British Spiders, with descriptions of
some new species. (Ann. Mag. N. H., Feb.,
1878.)
1879. The Spiders of Dorset. Parti.
On a new genus and species of the family Salti-
cides. (P. Z. , Feb. 14, 1879.)
On some new and little-known species of Aranei-
dea, with remarks on the genus Gasteracantha.
(ib., Mar. 4, 1879.)
On some new and rare Spiders from New Zea-
land, with characters of four new genera, (ib.,
Nov. 1 8, 1875?.)
On some new and rare British Spiders, with
characters of a new genus. (Ann. Mag. N. H.,
Sept., 1873.)
On some new species of Araneidea. (ib., No-
vember, 1879.)
1880. Spiders in 1879. ( Enf ' x ^? P- fyO
On some new and little known Spiders of the
genus Argyrodes. (P. Z. S., April ao, 1880.)
1881. The Spiders of Dorset. Part II.
(91 )
i 8 1. On a new Spider of the family Theraphosidae.
(P. Z. S., June 7, 1881.)
On some new genera and species of Araneidea.
(ib.,June 21,1881.)
On some Spiders from Newfoundland. (Proc.
Royal Physical Society, Edinburgh, vi.)
i88x. External parasites of Spiders. (Ent. xv, p. 216.)
On a new genera and species of Araneidea.
(P.Z. 5., May 16, 1882.)
Notes on British Spiders, with descriptions of
three new species, and characters of a new
genus. (Ann. Mag. N. H., Jan., 1 8 8x.)
On some new species of Araneidea, with charac-
ters of a new genus, (ib., April, 1882.)
1883. On new and rare Spiders found in Dorset
during the past twelve months. (Proc. Dors.
F. C. iv.)
Aerial Spiders. (Toung Nat. iv, p. 95.)
On some new genera and species of Spiders.
(P. Z. S., June 5-, 1883.)
A contribution towards the knowledge of the
Arachnida of Epping Forest. (Trans. Essex
F. C. iv, pt. 9 .)
1884.. On new and rare British Spiders, with some
remarks on the formation of new species.
(Proc. Dors. F. C. vi.)
Review of Pavesi's Aracnidi di Scioa. (Nature,
Feb. ^, 1884..)
On two new genera of Spiders. (P. Z. .,
March 18, 1884..)
Pseudo-Scorpions new to Britain. (Naturalist,
vol. x, p. 103.)
Descriptions of two new species of Walckenaera.
(Ann. Mag. N. H., August, 1884.)
i88y. Descriptions of two new species of Araneidea.
(Ann. Mag. N. H., October, 1885.)
1885. Motion in Spider's severed leg. (Science Gossip,
April, 1885.)
Scientific Results of the Second Yarkand Mission,
Art. Araneidea. (Govt. of India, 1887.)
1 8 85. On some new and rare British Spiders. (Proc.
Dors. F. C., vii.)
1887. On the Arachnida, or Spiders and their Allies.
(Report of Mar thorough ColL Nat. Hist. Soc.,
1887)
Capturing and preserving Spiders. (Toung Nat.,
vii, p. 38.)
Review of Thorell On Dr. Bertkau's Classification
of 'the Order Araneae. (Nature, May 5, 1887.)
1888. Observations on a Japanese Spider. (ZW.,p.4.^8.)
On Walckenaera interjecta. (Trans. Hertfordshire
Nat. Hist. Soc. v, pt. I.)
1889. On new and rare British Spiders. (Proc. Dors.
F. C. x.)
On some new species and a new genus ofAraneidea
(P. Z.S, Feb. 5-, 1889.)
On a new Tree Trap-door Spider from Brazil.
(ib., May 17, 1889.)
On a new species of Haemaphy salts. (Ann. Mag.
N.H., May, 18851.)
1889-1901. Biologia Centrali- Americana, Arachnida,
vol. i.
1890. On the British species of Phalangidea. (Proc.
Dors. F. C. xi.) Reprinted as a monograph.
Review of McCook's American Spiders and their
Spinning Work. (Nature, July 10 and Nov. zj,
1890.)
On some new species and two new genera of
Araneidea. (P. L. S., Nov. 1 8, 1890.)
1891. On new and rare Spiders found in 1889 and 1890.
(Proc. Dors. F. C. xii.)
On the British species of Chernetidea or False
(SI )
Scorpions. (Proc. Dors. F. C. xiii.) Reprinted
as a monograph.
On a new Spider from Calcutta. (Ann. Mag.
N. H.,Dec., 1891.)
1893. On new and rare British Spiders. (Proc. Dors.
F. C. xiv.)
1894.. On new and rare British Spiders, with rectifica-
tion of synonyms. (Proc. Dors. F. C. xv.)
On some new and rare Scotch Spiders. (Annals
of Scottish Natural History, Jan., 1894.)
On new and rare British Spiders. (Proc. Dors.
F. C. xvi.)
Description of a new Spider from East Lothian.
(Proc. Royal Phys. Soc., Edinburgh, xii.)
Review of McCook's American Spiders and their
Spinning Work. (Nature, Mar. z8, 1895.)
On new and rare Spiders observed in 1895-.
(Proc. Dors. F. C. xvii.)
Review of Thoreli's Descriptive Catalogue of the
Spiders of Burma.
On some new and little known Spiders. (P. Z. .,
Dec. 15, 1 896.)
1897. British Arachnida observed and captured in 1896".
(Proc. Dors. F. C. xviii.)
On Collecting and Preserving Spiders. (Dorset
County Chronicle Office.)
On a new genus and species of Ac ar idea. (P. Z. S. y
Dec. 14, 1897.)
1898. On a collection of Insects and Spiders made by
Mr. E. N. Bennett in Socotra, with descrip-
tions of new species by F. A. Dixey, Malcolm
Burr, and the Rev. O. Pickard-Cambridge.
(P. Z. S., May 3, 1898.)
On the genus Eatonia. (ib.)
On some Spiders from Savoy. (P. Z. S., June 17,
1898.)
(P4)
1898. On some Arctic Spiders collected during the
Jackson-Harmsworth Polar Expedition to the
Franz-Josef Archipelago. (Linn. Soc. Journal ',
vol. xxvi.)
1899. Notes on British Spiders observed or captured in
1 89 8. (Proc. Dors. F. C. xx.)
On some new species of Exotic Araneidea.
(P. Z. S., April 18, 1899.)
15)00. On new and rare British Spiders. (Proc. Dors.
F. C. xxi.)
List of British and Irish Spiders. (Sime & Co.,
Dorchester.)
Thyreosthenius hio'vatus in nests of Formica rufa.
(Ent. Rec. xii, p. 138.)
Thyreosthenius faovatus in nests of Formica rufa and
Tetrilus arietinus in nests of Formica rufa. and
Lasiusfuligtnosus. (ib., p. 163.)
ipoi. On some new and interesting Exotic Spiders
captured by Messrs. G. A. K. Marshall and
R. Shelford. (P. Z. 5., Jan. if, 15101.)
1 901. On new and rare British Arachnida. (Proc. Dors.
F. C. xxiii.)
1903. On new and rare British Spiders. (Proc. Dors.
F. C. xxiv.)
Art. Arachnida in F. Bouskell's Three Weeks
in South Kerry. (Irish Nat. , 1903.)
1904.. Descriptions of some new species and characters
of three new genera of Araneidea from South
Africa. (Annals of South African Museum^
1904.)
1907. On new and rare British Arachnida. (Proc. Don.
F. C. xxvi.)
Spiders of St. Kilda. (Annals of Scottish Nat.
Hist., Oct., 190?.)
1906". On some new and rare British Arachnida. (Proc.
Dors. F. C. xxvii.)
C;*r)
1 906". Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Bulletin of Mis-
cellaneous Information, article Arachnida.
Arachnida in Victoria County Histories of Lanca-
shire and Cornwall^ by F. O. Pickard-Cam-
bridge, revised and corrected by Rev. O.
Pickard-Cambridge.
1907. On new and rare British Arachnida. (Proc. Dors.
F. C. xxviii.)
Note on a curious faculty in Spiders. (Naturalist^
Jan. ^1907.)
Arachnida in Victoria County History of Tork-
shire.
On some new and little known Araneidea
(P. Z. S., Nov. atf, 1907.)
1908. On new and rare British Arachnida noted and
observed in 1907. (Proc. Dors. F. C. xxix.)
Arachnida in Victoria County Histories of Shrop-
shire and Herefordshire.
On Erigone spinosa, Cambr. A Spider new to the
British Fauna. (Naturalist, 1908.)
1909. On British Arachnida noted and observed in
1908. (Proc. Dors. F. C. xxx.)
Royal^Botanic Gardens, Bulletin of Miscellaneous
Information, article Arachnida.
1910. On British Arachnida noted and observed in
1909. (Proc. Dors. F. C. xxxi.)
1911. On new and rare Arachnida noted and observed
in 1910. (Proc. Dors. F. C. xxxii.)
On the Arachnida of Oxfordshire. (Proc. Ash-
molean Nat. Hist. Soc.^ 1911.)
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Bulletin of Mis-
cellaneous Information; additions to Wild
Fauna and Flora, article Arachnida.
1911. On new and rare British Arachnida noted and
observed in 1911. (Proc. Dors. F. C. xxxiii.)
A contribution towards the knowledge of the
Spiders and other Arachnida of Switzerland.
(P. 2. S. 5 June ? 1911.)
1912. Arachnida of Wiltshire. (Wilts Archaeol. and
Nat. Hist. Mag. xxxvii, p. 3 80.)
On new and rare British Arachnida noted and
observed in 19 ix. (Proc. Dors. F. C. xxxiv.)
On new and rare British Arachnida. (Proc. Dors.
F C. xxxv.)
c Spiders ', in Natural History of Bournemouth and
District.
Memoir of the Reverens Octavius
Pickard-Cambridge
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