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/7. c. S^
7-
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
by Google
„i..cihyGooj^le
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
by Google
D0,T«JhyGOOJ^Ic.
GiHW^Ic ,
LIFE AKD WHITINOS
fLtti6 oe camoens.
JOHN ADAMSON, F. S. A.
loltUn:
Dpi .?d by Google
n™-^«jii,.Gooj^le
ESSAY
Vtte Husiali
CAMOENS,
TRAMSLATBO FBOM THE POKTOOOESS
3«m 3oit S^atfa Ot dnifa.
D,o,i..dh,Gooj^le
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
ESSAY
THE LUSIAD.
Though vanoiw writers, as well of Portugal
as foragnerB, hays published Ui^ opinions up-
on the poem of Camoens ; among which those
of Manoel Severim de Faria and Mr Itlickle
claim superiority; yet I confess not any (^
them have completely satined me. ' Whilst
some, who were even partial to our author,
biassed by the ophiions of the times in which
they lived, have judged him according to the
prgudices of those periods, and the rules of art
which were then adopted ; others, not having
read him in the original, deceived by unfaith-
ful tratuladons, and led away by various pre-
VOL. II. B 2
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
* ESSAV ON THE LUSIAD
possessions, have criticised him with an unpaid
donable severity. It is therefore to be wished,
that some of our literary men, uniting a patri-
otic feeling to their love for general learning
and for our poet, would undertake a work up-
on the Lusiad, similar to that executed with
so much judgment by Addison with respect to
the Paradise Lost of Milton.
Without pretending to supply this defect in
our literature, or to satisfy the wishes of an
enlightened public, let it be permitted me, in
order to perform my duty as a biographer, to
offer some reflexions, which point out my
reasons for considering this excellent poem
worthy of attention, and which shew, that it
deserves to be esteemed by foreigners equal
in execution to the best epic poems that are
known, and that it is preferred by the Portu-
guese to them all.
It is not to be ejected that I can say any
thing^ new on a subject, which has been pre-
viously treated upon by so many critics. My
only motive is to iix the attention on the most
essential points, and upon those, which have
been subjects of controversy, and thereby to
incite other persons, more competent ihsn I
Do,T«jhy Google
OF CAMOEN8. 5
am, to complete, as a work, that "whidi I only
bria^ forward as an essay.
Luis de Camoens as I have stated in his li&,
conceived very early the plan of his poem,
and, had composed a portion of it previous to
his departure for India in 1553, where it was
finished in 1570. These dates are worthy of
remembrance, because they establish, for our
poet, in the composition in modern times of a
regular and justly esteemed epic poem, the glo-
rious title of priority.
It is true that Dante had previously written
his Divina Comedia, and that Puici and Boiar-
do had by their compositions opened the way
for a new species of poem, whU:h Ariosto ren-
dered famous by his chivalrous romance, the
Orlando Furioso; but none of these produc-
tJMis, beautiful as they ar^ in this description
of poetry, can be compared to the ancient epic
poems. Trissino, who pretended to imitate
them, shewed himself so incompetent to such
an undertaking, that it is scarcely necessary to
mention the Italia Liberata, which either is
not now read at all, or at most oace only.
TasBo and Milton are posterior to Camoeos,
B 3
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
6 ESSAY ON THE
An epic poem, aa defined by Aristotle and
other celebrated critics, is a narration in verse
of the heroic actions of great and illustrious
personages. Its action should be on^ great,
and complete. The style majestic, serious,
spirited, and AiU of enthusiasm. In its com-
position reason should direct the poet, and
imagination adorn the work. These are the
principal rules, admitted by all nations on ac-
count of their foundation in sound reason.
Other rules dependent upon various customs
and tastes — whether relative to the contrivance
of the machinery, or the agency <^ supernatural '
powers — ^whether as regards the nature of the
episodes, or the choice of the subject — have
been respectively contended for, yet cannot be
taken as general regulations.
Not any doubt can be entert^aed that our
poet has followed the most essential prec^ts,
and it is only those persons, who have not read
his poem with attention, and in the ori^nal
language, who charge him with a departure
from the rules of the art. Surely no one will
deny that he has attended to the primary ob-
ject, namely, to unite the uiite dulci.
D,o,i..ci by Google
OP CAHOENS. ?
An epic poem ia universally alloved to be
the moBt noble production of the fine arts. It
requires in the author s presence of all those
qualifications and &culties, of which one would
have sufficed for the proper execution <^ other
compositions. Its end and puipoie are to af-
ford the most important lessons and to teach
the truth by the most agreeable {»«cepts. Tlie
citizen* the statesman, the sovereign should be
able to find in it and to acquire fi^mi it Uiat
knowledge, vrfiicfa is necessaiy for diem indivi-
dnaUy and jointly.
Luis de Cunoens, animated l^ die most ar-
dent patriotism,, and foil of enthusiamn for the
valour and constancy, by which the Portuguese
nation, notwithstanding the smallness of its be-
ginning, had conquered its country frcan the
Moors — by which it had founded a mcmarchy
and supported its independence against the su-
perior forces of Castile — ^widi iriiich, after hav-
ing confirmed itself at home, it passed into
Airica to place barriers to the Moorish power
— ^widi which at last it traversed new seas and
established a magnificent empire in the Elast —
undertook to erect a monument, which, trans-
B 4
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
8 ESSAY ON THE LUSIAD
mitting such heroic deeds to posterity, should
perpetuate the glory of the Portuguese name,
and attest that not any other nation had ac-
quired equal renown.
He conceived therefore a national epic poem,
and desired to celebrate the principal virtue
of the Portuguese, their heroism on land and
at sea : this he explains
Eu canto o Peito illuitre LuKtww
A quern Neptuno. e Mute
For this purpose he selected for the subject of
his poem the most memorable achievement
in the Portuguese history — the Discovery of
India hy Vasco da Gama and his brave com-
panions. He introduced in the narrative, as
proper episodes, those events in the history of
Portugal, which prepared the nation for so
grand an undertaking, and for the foundation
of that vast empire which its heroes should
establish in the East. He completed his plan,
not only with reference to the principal sub-
ject, but in eveiy way which could aggrandise
D,o,i..ci by Google
OF CAMOEN8. 9
his GOuDtry, and excite the curiosity of future
times. Thus he conunences and how properly:
• Ab anius e m Baroeiu *— ■— 'r^m.
Que dk occidflDtal prai* Lutituu,
Pot mam nnDcm d'antn naregado*
PaBHomn ainda alem da Taprobaoa:
Eatre gente remata
Notg raJDO que taob
TUe Discovery of India, achieved 1^ the expe-
dition of Vasco da Gama, is the only and com-
plete action of tibe poem.
This event, when we consider the state of
nautical knowledge in Europe at the time,
the dread, which prev^ed, previous to our ex-
peditions, of tempting distant seas, the small-
ness of the ntrfion and of the expedition which
made the discovery — is one of the most heroic
of hmnan actions.' The importance of it, when
its consequences are considered, is in my opi-
nion, greater than that of the crusades. It is
evident to all, who are conversant with history,
that the conquests of the Portuguese in the
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
10 - B8SAY ON THE LUSIAD
East Weened the Mussulman power, which
threatened Europe with fetters, and that from
the direct op^iing of the navigation and cwn*
merce of Asia resulted the civilization and li-^
berty of Europe and the extension and in-
crease of her riches.
Who is there so little curious as not to de-
sire to ascertain the causes of these extraor-
dinary events, or so ungrateiiil to a nation,
which has thus benefited others, as not to wish
to become acquainted with the establishment
and origin of a monarchy, which could render
each Portuguese a hero ? It is therefore natu-
ral, that the generality of men shotild ardenU
ly desire to inform themselves as well of the
ev^ito previous to this era in the History of
Portugal, as of those which have resulted from
this celebrated undertaking, and to obtain a
knowledge of the principal heroes engaged
therein. So Camoens thought, and made the
plan of his poem, in which he proposed to
celebrate the heroic valour of the Portngaesc^
conform to these views of the subject He
therefore intituled his poem Os Lusiadas, and
D,o,i..dhyGooj^le
OF CAMOEHS. II
in the conunencement of it states that be will
sing:
DaqucUe* Rd* qu« foram '*■'*""'"
De Africa, • d« Ant, andanni dCTuUndo ;
E Aquellai que por obna Taleroiu
S* no d* In d* moite libwumdo.
which neither destroys nor offends the uni^ of
the action, but completes the whole. Thus the
two . first obligations were observed, and we
shall presently see that the third was equally
attended to.
The use of mythology was judged amongst
literary men, at the period when Camoens
wrote, essential in poetry — ^more eq)eciaUy in
^ic poetry; and it was also the prevailing
<]^inion that the fabulous deities were allegori-
cal personages. Camoens, therdbre, to be con-
sistent with this general opinion, made use of
this kind of machinery ; but foreseeing the ob-
jection tbat would be made to it, he took care to
explain in Canto X, sL S2 — B5, that th^ are
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le --—
12 ESSAY DM THE LU8IAD
secondary causes personified to make delight
ful verses.
But why did he not employ in his poem the
agency of good angels and evil spirits, as Tor-
quato TaBso did some few years afterwards, ra-
ther than of the manifest incongruity, which we
dislike, in having the pagan deities introduced
into a poem, in which the heroes profess the
dogmas of the christian religion ? I can ad-
duce a reason. — I am persuaded, he did not
conceive the other machinery so poetical, fol-
lowing in this respect the <^inion of Boileau,
which those, who examine this point impartial-
ly, will sometimes adopt. I will venture to as-
sign another reason, deduced from that period
of our history, and which will not be challenged
by those, who refer to it. I ask, had he the
Uberty to select the species of machinery he
should employ ? I will say the same with re-
spect to the Jerusalem.
The present literary characters in Europe
place as little credit in the heathen deities as in
the magic and witchcraft performed by infernal
spirits ; and must allow, that, when they read
the poems of antiquity and the work of Tasso,
D,o,i..ci by Google
OF CAHOENB. IS
they are under the necesdty of referring their
thoughts to the periods, at which these opinions
severally prevailed, to enable them to enjoy the
beauties which they produce, and to enter into
the illusion occasioned by one or other descrip-
tioQ of machinery. Without this illusion th^
would not experience any emotion on reading
the combats and quarrels amongst the deities
of Homer, or the contentions of those infernal
^irits in Tasso, which pretended to dispute and
contend with the coelestial power. If therefore,
this argument is applicable to Homer and Tas-
eo, why should it not apply to Camoens ?
The employment of the heathen deities in
the Lu^ad doubtless produces beauties equal
to those to be found in the poems of anti^ity ;
and when the Lusiad is read, and the opininn
of the time, which guided the poet, admitted,
that censure, which, in a severe criticism, blam-
ed only Camoens, whilst Tasso and Milton
had both fallen into this pretended fault of in-
troducing into their poems mythological terms
and figures, will be discountenanced. But when
a criticism too severe is so festidious as to re-
prehend the employment of this machinery,
D,o,i..cihvGooj^le
H E88AY ON THE LUBIAD
where ia the poet who is entirely blameless?
Horace dtecovered that Homer sometimes slept;
others disapprove of his fiction or metamor-
phose of the deities into owls. In Virgil the
heatho) goddesses are not represented with
BO much dignity, nor is the agency bo powei^
fill as in Htmter : the invention of the Harpies
and the change of the ships into nymphs are
blamed, and in the concluding books the in-
terest grows cool. If these two masters of the
art, the one conspicuous for his sublimity, and
the other celebrated for the puri^ of his styl^
are not free from defects, it is because human
nature cannot attain the highest perfection.
Instead of accusation, the ingenuity with
which he introduces the heathen deities as
agents and secondary causes, and by which he
overcomes this difficulty, should be noticed;
and the art, with which he combines with the
antient the chivalrous species of poetry and our
modem customs, preserving always in both the
Impropriate dignity of the epic poem, ought
equally to ensure htm pruse.
We shall now see how sublime is the con-
cation of Camoene even in its simplicity, and
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
op CAHOEN8. 15
how he, I am bold to say it, of all the mo-
dems, has approached nearest to the gi'eat
models of antiquity, without being a senile
imitator of them.
The plan of the poem is conducted with that
classical r^ulari^ hud down l^ the antients.
The fable is distinct The poet, in the con^
mencing stanzas, ei^lains his subject, invokes
the ujrmphs <^ the Tagus, addresses himself to
King Sebastian in order to obtwn his protec-
tion, and enters upon the narrative and the
middle of (he action.
Vasco da Grama and his companions sail
along the eastern coast of Africa prqecting the
discovery of India. Jupiter convokes ao as-
sembly of the deities to decide upon the &.te of
this great enterprise. Bacchus, who considers
himself the original conqueror of India, op-
poses the expedition, lest his glory should be
eclipsed. Venns and Mars support the Portu-
guese, because that nation is distinguished for
the qualities, which they most ^^redate. Ju-
piter decides in favour of these deities. Tie
squadron arrives in the inean time at Mo9Bm-
Inqne. The Moorish governor, at the instiga-
D,o,i..ci by Google
16 ESSAY ON THE LU8IAD
tion of Bacchus, meditates its destruction by
force ; but not being able to accomplish it, he
maliciously procuree itx entry into the port of
Momba^ where Hacchus prepares new trea-
sons against it. Venus, perceiving the danger
of the Portuguese, hurries to Jupiter, who dis-
patches Mercury to advise Gama to leave the
port This advice he follows, and casts anchor
at Melinda.- The King of Melinda receives
him in a most friendly manner, and requests to
hear the narratiye, as well of his voyage, as of
the history of the Portuguese nation, the &me
of which had already excited considerable ad-
miration. Vasco da Gama acquiesces in the
wishes of the King, and as ^neas did to Dido,
relates to him the most extraordinary and cu-
rious exploits recorded in the Annals of Portu-
gal, and, finishing with the account of his arri-
val at Melinda, entreats the sovereign to fur-
nish him with a pilot to conduct him to India.
Scarcely has he obtained this and set sail, wh^i
Bacchus in grief descends to the depths of the
ocean to supplicate N^tune and the deities of
that element to destroy the Portuguese squa-
dron. N^tnne nuset a tonpest, which, but for
D or .«jhy Google
OF CAH0EN8. 17
the timely srriTal of Veniu, who iq>pessea the
winds, would have, swallowed them up. The
fleet at last fortunately arrives at Calicut, on the
coast of Malabar, where Gama is well received
by the Zamoiin, or soverdgn of that country. .
Here, the poet, by the mouth of Mon9&ide,
gives an account of the history, religion, and
customs of Asia. Camoens, never losing sight
of the a^^andisement of bb nation, unbraces
an opportunity, which the visit of the prime
minister, the Catual, to the ship c^ Paulo da
Gama, afforded him, to satisfy, by a narration
given by Paulo of some of the most heroic deeds
of the Lorilanians, the curiosi^ of the Indian.
Bacchus, however, in a rage, endeavours to
rouse and recite the Moors of C&U<nit against
the Portuguese, whom he r^resents as pirates,
and to put them to Iresh inc<Hivenience. The
Catual detains Gama a prisoner, who, in this
crisis, displays his prudence and bravery, and
at length obtains hherty from the Zamorin to
embark and return to his country. On their
voyage, Venus, to reward her valiant heroes,
makes them approach an Island, where she had
prepared such recreations as were proper to
VOL. II. c
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le -- ■
18 £88AY OH THE LUSIAD
alleviate the ladgues and troi^lea which they
had ezperieDced in their great and arduous en-
terprise. Thetie, who receives them, shews
to Gama the extension of the empire, which
the Portuguese should found in Asia, as also
the governors and illustrious mm, who should
immortalize their names in that part of the
world.
I am persuaded, that all those who read the
po«n attentively, will feel with me, that this
conq>OBition causes the greatest interest; that as
a whole, considering the sul^ect of the action, it
is extremely well organized ; that its parts cor-
respond, and are very ^iprt^triate; and that it
possesses at the same time great simplicity and
«n agreeable variety.
All the rules of art, which i^ly to the ac-
UoD of the poem, are found united in it. it
is one, great, and complete. The episodes
are naturally adapted. The vicissitudes, which
keep the action of the poem in sospence, de-
servedly create curiosity, and arrest the atten-
tion.
If we do not find in this poem a group <^
characters welt conceived and supported, sur-
rounding the principal hero, as in the Iliad;
D,o,i..ci by Google
OF CAMOEHa. 19
the same absence U obserrable in the JEaeid.
The characters however of an Afionso I., a loao
I., an Egas M oniz, a Duarte Pacheco, an Afibnso
d' Albuquerque, &c. are equally etriking as those
of the brave Gyas, the Cloanthus, and the
Evander, who also do not form any group, and
who are introduced into that admirable poem.
As to the ^isodes, which are essential orna-
ments in epic po^ns, those wherein the narra-
tive c£ the history of Portugal, the adventures
of the Knights, who were at the toumam^its
in England, and the loves of Dona Ig^ez, are
given, must be considered excellent. Th^
beau^ is heightened by the manner in which
th^ are interwoven in the poem.
The sentiments and the poetical language of
the Lusiad are most proper and suitable to this
species of composition. Neither the person-
ages, who figure in it, nor the poet himself,
introduce or express a single sentiment or feel-
ing, which may not be moral, generous, heroic,
and even snblime. In this respect Camoois dis-
tinguishes himself above al) writers «nce Ho-
mer, verii^ng the maxim of a celebrated mo-
ralist, that noble thoughts originate in the heart ,•
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
so ESSAY ON THE LU8IAD
and who, it may be asked, had a more dignified
heart than Luis de CamoenB? — In hie poem
we find nothing vulgar or mean, no vile flat-
tery, no praise bestowed except upon true
merit. The love of virtue, of heroism, and
of his country, is constandy displayed, and
adds lastre to bis performance.
The diction and poetical style of the Lu-
uad, present a character always natural, with-
out affectation, noble, and frequently reaching
the anblime. Luis de Camoens petitioned the
nymphs of the Ta^s that they would grant
him
um lam alto e sublixudo,
Um estjlo grandiloquoi e coirenla,
■ uma furia grande, e aoaorosa :
and eveiy one must feel that the muses listened,
and were propitious to his wishes.
&T William Jones, skilled in various lan-
guages, and a lover of literature, thus m^itions
our poet : Camomsium Lusitanum, cujus poesis
aded venusta est, aded poliia, td nihil esse possit
jucaadiui; inierdam vera aded elata, grandUo-
fuo, ae tonora, ut nihil Jlngi possU magnijlcentius.
D,o,i..ci by Google
OF CAMOEHB. SI
The reader experiences, immediately on his
ctHnmencing to penue the Lusiad, an emotion
caused b; the blaze of patriotism, which in-
flames the poet, animates the whole work,
and is ccnumnmcated to himself; whilst a cor-
rect and flowing diction attracts and captivates
by its harmony. The airangemenl of the
figures is admirable. The comparisons, wher^
in Homer or Virgil have supplied the ori^nals,
are equal to such originals, and do not t^pcar
as copies ; and when they are furnished by the
invention of the poet, tliey are full of beauty
and truth. The descriptions of sieges, com-
bats, and naval views, are most lively, and so
much the more natural from die mode of life
of the poet affi>rding him opportunities of
witnesdng similar scenes. In the paintings —
whether he is grand, and avuls himself of the
poweriid and sublime pencils of Micbael An-
gelo and of Raphael,^-or soft, and affiles
the delicate brush of Albano or of Correggio —
lie appears as one whose heart united great
energy with extreme seosibili^. Many excel-
lent verses of imitative poetry mi^t be quoted.
He possessed also the art of giving dignity, by
c3
.D,o,i..ci by Google
22 E88AT ON THE LU8IAQ
his poetical diction, to tlungs of minor and
common acceptation, by which means he re-
moved any disadvantage to the poem by their
introduction. Two ages and an half have now
passed, and, although Camoens was one of the
first who fonned oar ianguage, no phrase used
by him, or even any word, has become obsolete
or obscure. In whatever way this poem is
considered, — whether with reBpect to its com-
position and execution being agreeable to the
rules of art, — whether as to the sublimit of
invention and display of science and erudition,
— whether referring to the morali^ of its Benti-
mettts and the lesson it affords to mankind,^-or
the entertainment which tiie perusal of it fur-
nishes, every just and impartial reader will al-
low Uiat it is not inferior to any of the best epic
poems. I say this, addressing myself to fo-
reigners, because I am persuaded that the Por-
tuguese ought, as I do, to think it superior to
them all, without any fear of such opinion
being attributed to a rash national vanity, hut
rather to a natural and praise-worthy patriotic
&eling inspired by a just sense of gratitude.
The Lusiad is a monument of natiomd glory.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF CAHOEHI. SS
This poem should be prized by us u the Iliad
was by the Greeks. If in the Iliad tbe heroic
times of Greece were sung by the first epic
poet, the meiDOTable achievements, the victories
uid the labours of our ancestors, are celebrated
and described in the Luaiad. Thus every
Portoguese participates more intensely in this
glory in proportion to the smallness of our nfr-
tion, and so much the more ardently loves his
country and the poet, who preserved those il-
lustrious portions of her history to future ages.
In it each noble family finds its name recoided,
together with the exploits performed by ita
progenitors, and cannot tail to estimate hi^ly
the honour of viewing itself thus inscribed in
the archives of heroism. Each city and town
are mentioned in it. The Portuguese faavc^
therefore, like the Greeks and the Romans,
ikeir Homer and Virgil in Camoens, to whom
they are indebted for the preservation and per-
petui^ of their fame. Who is there amongst
as so mean, that he does not feel a ^atdlid
enthusiasm for our poet? The English feel it
so highly for Shakspeare, as not to allow that
a single defect can be discovered to diminish.
' . c 4
„i..cihyGoo^k-
24 ESSAY ON THE I,[JSIAD
their admirstioa of the bard. Johnson, a critic
more than Severe, speaking of the Paradise
Lost, exclaims: ** Wliat Bagliahtnan can take
" delijjht in transcribing passages, which* if
" they lessen ^e reputation of Milton, di-
" minish in some d^ree the honour of our
" country?"
I^ then, any amongst us should dare to do
this with respect to Camoens, they would be
guilty of a &ult, which might be denominated
anti-national.
If I was not limited in the extent of my
remarks on the poem of Camoens, I could
establish by examples, as Addison did, the pro-
positions I have advanced ; let it, howevo-, be
conceded to me to point out some of the most
remarkable passages in each Canto, which, al-
though unnecessary for natives of Portugal, yet
may be useful to foreigners. The difficulty I
experience is to select from so many beauties.
Voltaire says, in some, part of his works,
treating of the manner in which Racine should
be commented upon, that it would be difficult
to repress at each pi^^ the exclamations —
admirable— pathetic — sublime — in lieu of any
D,o,i..ci by Google
OF CAMOEN8. 35
lengthened remark. This, in my opinion, is
^plicable to the work of Camo^is, and there-
for^ I truBt, that I shall be pardoned, if, in
poiQting out the passages in the Lusiad, I make
frequent use of these and similar testimonies of
^iplause.
.In Canto I. the introduction is in the truly
c^c style, — noble, and breathing that patriotism
which animates the whole poem. The invoca-
tion to die muses of the Tagus, and the address
to the King Dom Sebastian, are a continua-
tion of the same feeing, expressed in beautiful
verse. In the latter, the tone, elevated and ap-
propriate from a vassal, conscious of his own
valour, is worthy of notice ; respectfully, yet
with dignity, he thus addresses the soverdgn :—
Terd* hdot d> pMria iu5 morido
De premio Til; mu alto < qiH« etaniot
And, speaking of the illustrioua kings, his pre-
decessors, and of the great men of the nation,
he invites, with due enthusiasm, the young
monarch to become the worthy heir of die vir^
tnes of his' ancestors, and the sovereign of a
D,o,i..ci by Google
26 ESSAY ON THE LUSUD
nation of heroes, whose valour be was about to
proclaim in bis verses. Eveiy <Hie, converEsant
with the best antient and modem authors, must
necessarily discover die superiori^ of senti-
ment, and of the diction of our poet, when they
advert to the manner in which Vir^ and la-
can addressed the Csesars, and in which Ariosto
and Tgseo appealed to the princes of the bouse
ofEeUs.
The entry of Camoens on bis narrattv^ is
after the B^le of the antient epic poets. He
commences with an assembly of the Gods, de-
sirous of assisting and protecting the heroes <^
the poem, &nd by their agency, ^ves the work
a greater degree of importance, thus preparing
the reader for grand and noble exploits.
In this council, the majesty and Baperiority
of Jupiter Tonans are preserved in the sulv
stance and style of his discourse ; the jealousy
of Bacchus, evident in bis every speech, is well
supported, so as to excite fears from bis oppo-
sition for the undertaking of the Portuguese.
On the otber hand, Venus ' maintains, in the
few words she uses when interceding lor them,
a tone diaracteristic of the goddess, who prizes
D,o,i..ci by Google
OF CAUOEN8. 27
fhe qualiUes and the language of the Fortq-
guese, which resemble those ot her Romans.
-Mars, who supports this protection, and who
esteems the Portuguese valour, expresses him-
self with the vehemence of the God of war,
and bhews himself iraamdus, tnexorabiUs, accr,
and great, even in the mode in which he pre-
sents himself to Jupiter, making the heavens
tremble. The diction in this part of the poon
is, indeed, the language of the deities.
The Lusiad has the rare merit of preserving
f^thfuUy in its pictures, the customs of the
pec^le (^ Asia and AiHca, as also o( the adven-
turous Chevaliers of that day in Eurt^. The
first interview of Vasco da Gama with the
Moors of Mo9ambique is a proof of this asser-
tioD, it not bmg possible that the poetry could
be better, or that the picture could be more
faiUifiilly pourtrayed.
The description of a fine moon-light night,
and of the following morning, is peculiarly
beautifiil ; and, although the poet copied Vir-
ffi, who was indebted to Homer, fae has made
the descrq>tions his own. The comparison
whidi precedes the battle is new, very ^pro-
D,o,i..ci by Google
28 ESSAY ON THE LUSIAD
priate, and is r^resented in the most natural
colours.
The combat which foilows, betveen the Por-
tuguese and the Moors, is well described, and
in a hurried style. In it I must not forget to
notice two beautiful lines of imitative poetry: —
A plumbo pelU mats, o hmio eapanta,
Immediately at the commencement of Canto
II, we see, that Camoens does not allow a sin-
gle opportunity to escape him of bringing for-
ward any occurrence which conduces to the
honour of his country ; he therefore mentions
the two criminals, whom Vasco da Gama sent
on shore. Our great sovereigns were the first
who commuted, either in this way, or by trans-
portation, the sentence of death.
To frustrate the snares, which the Moors of
Mombafa had placed for the destruction of the
navigators, Venus descends to the ocean and
convokes the Nereids, and the whole Cerulean
train to proceed, and, by opposing their breasts
to the prows of the vessels, to prevent their en-
Diollr^dhyGOOJ^IC'
OF CAMOENS.
trance into the port; a new and exquisitely
beaudfiil inTention of our poet, wherein, as in
other passages, his originality of genius is evin-
ced. The two similes of the ants and the frogs
are in the true style of Homer.
Venus, not yet satisfied with her exertions,
enters into the sixth heaven to implore the,
favour of Jupiter towards her beloved nation.
This is one of the most tender passages in this
Canto. The description of the Goddess and her
address are written in elegant poetry, and vritli
pure taste; the images are beautiful, the versi-
ficatiou is harmonious, and the style is warm
and animated. If I may expresss my opinion,
I consider the imitation of it by Tasso, in his
Very beautiful, although somewhat elaborate
description of Armida, inferior to the passage
in the Lusiad. In the portrait which he draws
of Venus, in her movements and in her speech,
there are a grace and a sweetness which display
the excelleiice c^ the poet in delineation and
fine feeling.
The r^y of Jtqiiter, when be pronounces
the decrees of the fates in &vour of the Portu-
guese in the highest strain of poetry, exciting
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
so E88AY ON THE LU8IAD
the curiosi^ for infcnrmaticai reelecting those
great deeds which are prophesied, is given with
appropriate dignity. In stanza 59, an imita-
tioD of Virgil may be observed, as well as the
good taste with which he vies with that great
poet. The energy and power of his language
thronghoat the whole discourse are also worthy
of attention.
The speech of the messenger of Gama, on
the arrival of the fleet at Melinda, may be cited
as a model of correct oratory, whilst that which
is pronounced by the sovCTeign of Melinda, is
such as might be expected from a prince, of
whom Osorio says : In omni aatem sermtme
princeps iUe non hominis barbari specimen da-
bat, sed ingenium et pmdentiam eo loco dignam
prm seferebat. I quote this historian to refute
more strongly the unjust crittdam of Volture,
who accuses Camoens of having made Vasco da
Oama speak of Ulysses and ^neas to a barba-
rous African, who must have been unacquaint-
ed with such names. It is surprising that a
writer, so enlightened as Voltaire, should not
have remembered that this king was an Arab
prince, in whose native language many transla-
D,o,i..ci by Google
OF CAMOEMfi. 31
tions from die antient authorB, and variou*
works of pcience and history, exiated at the
time ; and also, that he should not have con-
sidered with how much greater propriety he
might himself be censured for placing in the
mouth of Mahomet, when addressing Zopire :
En Egjpte Oiirli, Zorowrtre en Aiic,
Cbei lei Critois MinoB, Numa dam I'ltali*.
A dea pcup1« uns mcnin. et Miu cults, et Miu nm,
Donn^nt uiiSmeDt d'inauffluatei Ion.
In the description of the interview between the
King and Vasco da Grama, the talent of Ca-
moens evinces itself in the manner in which he
elevates by his style, things in their nature
common and unimportant; whilst the painting
is so q>irited and natural, as to bring the sub-
ject completely before us.
If, in foUowing that example, which has ge-
nerally given the preference to the fourth and
sixth hooks of the .^^eid, I should venture to
■elect any of the Cantos of the Lusiad as more
excellent than the others, I would name those
which contain the history of the Portuguese
,11 ..d by Google
33 ESSAY ON THE LU8IAD
monarchy, being die third and fourth. It ie in
this narrative that the poet shews himself ani-
mated with that most ardent patriotism which
^ves spirit to the whole, and places him on e
level with the best epic poets. I feel embarrass-
ed to make choice of any particular passages,
because the whole relation is admirable ; whilst
some are to be distinguished for classical perfec-
tion, others are «nineQt for a chivalrous taste*
the most select and original.
The description of Europe, with which he
conunences, and which some foreign critics
have censured as unintei-esting and dry, affords
a specimen whereby to estimate the poetical
talents of Camoens. The features of the various
climates, and the historical allusions, render it
striking and agreeable. If descriptions of tiiis
nature are esteemed in Homer, why should we
not give equal credit to our poet ? I cannot
imagine how the four verses, with which he
concludes stanza 21, can be read without tears:
Eats hi ■ dittn* Patria miaba amada,
A' qu*l se o ceo me d^ que eu em perigo
Tome com esta empreza ji acabsda,
a lui alii comigo !
D,o,i..ci by Google
OF CAMOENS. 8S
Certainly CanioeiiB published in these divine
lines, by the mouth of Gama, those feelings,
which he himself e^jerienced in India vhUst
wri&ig his poem dedicated to the gloi^ of his
countrymen. I will proceed to point out the
most excellent passages. Amongst these, the
mode in which he has prepared the narrative of
the battle of Ourique (memorable (d* itself, imd
also because the foundation and indqiendence
of the Portuguese monarchy, bear date from
that briUiant day) is as great as the subject
which it unfolds. The appearance of the Son
of Mary to Dom AfFonso, and the emotion
which that i^ipearance caused in him, and in
the soldiers; — -the confidence and valour that
in^ired this handfid of men to proclaim Affbn-
■o, as if certain of success, testily a poetical
genius. The account of tbe battle, or rather a
spirited picture of it, follows : and here, as in
s(Hne of his other descriptiTe passages, the dif-
ference is apparent between a militaiy poet,
and one, who, in his cabinet, imitates or copies
from historians and writers of romance- The
strokes are rapid, natural, appropriate, and de-
lineate those honid scenes, to which he had
D,5,i..cihyGooj^le
St ESSAY OH THE LDSIAD
himsdf been an eye-vitaesa, when upon ter-
Tice.
Obliged, as I am, to pass nqiidly over many
beauties, I am certain that the pure taste appa-
rent in stanzas 83 and 84, containing the ao-
connt of the death of our first and great kingj
and the pathetic manner in which they con-
clude, will secure universal attention.
The supplication of the Queen Dona Maris
is a piece of perfect oratory, and supposing her
situation to be much similar to that of Venus in
the second Canto, is satis&ctory, the difference
of the feelings and affections which are proper
to the action being taken into conuderation.
In the verse : —
Out ■ TITOS mcdo, e a mortos iu espuiM.
The last figure is sublimely bold.
The mode in which the tragical history of
Dona Ignez de Castro is introduced, a&er the
equally eitergetic and strongly painted descrip-
tion of the battie of Tarifa, is veiy ingenious.
On this excellent passage, it will be sufficient
to quote the <^inion f£ a man so eminent for
his talents as Voltaire, who asserts that there
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF CAHOEN8. SS
dbes' not exist in Virgil (in the author the most
Correct, and feeling of antiquity] a passage more
pathetic, more adapted to touch the heart, and
more perfectly written.
In no other poem are so many eulogies on
the female ^sex, and their powerfiil attractions,
to be found. The sensible heart of Camoeos
delighted to dwell upon the Tarietdes of beauty
inA charms, and on the vicissitudes of the plea-
sures and pt^ae of love, with the feehng of one
who had a lively sen§e of their effects.
But, notwithstanding, that affection which
might be adduced as an apology for the terri-
ble vengeance with which Dom Pedro visited
the murderers of his beloved Dona Ignez, Cbi
mo^is^ always a philosopher, severely repr^
hends the unjust and cruel treaty, which was
Altered into by the two Pedros, the enemies (^
human life.
After the feeling and pathetic episode of the
Bbxry of Dona Ignez, the poet proceeds, in the .
commoicement of Canto IV. to paint the hoi^
rors <^ the civil war waged by Queen Dons
Leonor, and a few Portuguese, assisted by the
Caatitians, agdnst Dom Joa5 I., in wfait^ he
D 2
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
36 ESSAY ON THE I,08IAI>
shews hiioself a true Portuguese, and assert*
those pnndples and sentimentf whicli ought to
animate every lover of his country to support
its independence, and to resist every foreign
force which endeavours to violate it. In the ,
pn^ortion in which these political lessons (b^
which, at this time, my nation has lately ceased
so gloriously to profit, having in its struggle
evinced the antient Portuguese valour,) are
beautiful, and worthy of general admiration,
the commentator Faria, is deserving of censure
for his notes on this passage, which are un-
worthy a good Portuguese, and also plainly
demonstrate what Voltaire says, " That com-
" mentators are always a little inimical to their
" country." We cannot, therefore, wonder
that the discourse of the Constable should fail
to make that impression upon him, which it
ought to do on every Portuguese heart. It is,
indeed, an excellent model of military, chival-
rous, and patriotic eloquence.
The preparations for the'war, and the events
which preceded the memorable day of Aljubar-
rota, which, like that of Ourique, as«sted in
consolidating our independence, are admirably
Do,T«Jhy Google
OF CAMOENB. 87
described ; but must jd«ld the palm to the ac-
count of the battle itself. The propriety of the
images, the harmony and imitative poetry in
. the verses, the grand and just r^resentation
of the bloody scene, and the spirit whidi ani-
mates the whole, render the picture perfect.
No touch is wanting for its completion,
Camoens has detailed the events of three
battles, each description has its peculiar merits,
and the truth of the painting which pervades
them all is inimitable.
Let it be allowed me here to pause, for the .
purpose of shewing thai, Camoens observed one
of the princ^wd rules in writing ^ic poetry,
which is to describe and to preserve futhfiUly,
the customs of the time to which the action of
the poem has reference. We remark, through-
out the composition, that chivalrous valour,
diat military ardour, that enthusiasm and love
dF^ory, which animated the nation, and which
ccmvetted every Portuguese into a hero. It id
only from our knowledge of this character, that
we can comprehend that bold endeavour on
tiie part c^ the Portuguese after the glorious
history of their wai« with the Moors, and with
D,o,l..(ibyGOOJ^Ie
38 EBSAT ON THE LITSIAD
their neighbours, to execute such great achieve
meiits, and obtain auch vast conquests.
What refers more particularly to the subject
of the action of the Lusiad, being one of the
first nautical expeditions which led to the di^
coTery of India, now commences.
To omit, for the sake of brevity, several
passages of merit, I will point out, as beaudiiil
and truly in character with ^ic poetry, the
invention of the dream c^ the King Bom Ma-
noel, the undertaking of the expedition, and
its departure from port.
I will give here, the note of Mr Mickle, in
which he shews the ingenuity with which the
poet conducts the daring voyage of Vasco da
Oama, because I think it cannot possibly be
better described.
", Every circumstance attending it is repr^
« sented with magnificence and dignify. John
" II. designs what had never been attempted
" before. Messengers are salt by land to dis-
" cover the climate and riches of India. Their
" route is described in the manner <^ Homer.
" The palm of discovery, however, is reserved
f* Sat s succeeding monarch. Emmanuel w
D,o,i..ci by Google
OF CAH0EN6. S9
" warned by a dream, which affords anotber
** gtriking instance of tbe spirit of the Orecian
" poeL The enthusiasm which the King be>
" holds in the aspect of Gama is a noble stroke
" of poetry; the solemni^ of the night spent
** in devotion ; the sullen resolution of the
" adventurer! on going on board the 'fleet ; the
" affecting grief of tbeir friends and fellow-
" citiz^is, who viewed them as «elf-devoted
** victims, whom diey were never more to bfr-
*' hold; and the angry exclamations of the
" voierable old man, ^ve a dignity and inte-
** resting pathos to the departure of the fleet of
*■ Guna, unborrowed frcHu any of the classics.
*' In the .^^eid, where the Trojans leave a
<* colony of invalids in Sicily, nothing of the
-*' awfully t^ider is attempted; and in the
" Odyssey there is no circamstance which can
« be called similar."
Camoens prosecutes, in the two foUowiog
Cantos, the narrative of the voyage, and the
beatnieB whidi are mA witb therein are of s^
▼eral kinds, and of great varie^. The fiflb
Canto presmta early to our view, a passage
^re-aniooit and universally admired; but I
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
to EMAT OH THE LUSIAD
will commence by calling the second stanzB to
remembrance, because it displays a diificulty
ingmiously overcome. The third is very pa-
thetic and beauUful. The description of the
African coast, along which the squadron soiled,
and of the maritime phenomena, from the first
meedng with the negroes, is managed so poeti-
cally, and natur^ly, that the reader imagines
he is on board one of the vessels of the expedi*
tion.
It is worthy of remark here, that all the
delineations of nautical scenes, and of the ap-
pearance of those countries of A&ica and Asia,
which were discovered by the Portuguese, are
given, not only with that extraordinary genius
with which our poet was endowed, but also
with the truth and spirit <^ one who had made '
long sea voyages, and bad himself visited those
remote countries. If, at this day, when navi-
gation has attained so high a state of pertfec-
tion, and these places are so well known from
the oarrativefi of travellers, this poetical account
excites more than ordinary interest; we may
judge of the impression it made, when only
fourscore years had passed after the first expe-
dition of Oama had been undertaken.
■ D,o,i..ci by Google
OF CAHOEHS. 41
Tbe sdveoture of Velloso is very neatly re-
lated : the mirthful discoune, in which he i*
jcEted with by his companioDB, and his reply^
are q>propnat« to the military character, end
are very admissible into an epic poem. I^
however, this jocularity is offensive to some
critics, I ask them to consider, that the greatest
masters of the art have avuled themselves of
similar measures to relieve the reader by this
species of variety.
I ought not to pass over in silence another
difScul^ which Canioens overcame, arising in
describing poetically (without any offence to
ddicacT^, but rather touching the sensibility)
the disagreeable occurrences and disquiets at-
tendant on long voyages.
Tbe stanzas from 92 to 100, in this Canto,
are most beautiiiil and moral ; and in this pas-
sage, the poet addresses his readers in the man-
ner of the chorus in the antient tragedies. We
most greatly lament, that Luis de Camoens had
such just cause of complaint agunet the d^
■cendants of Gama, and against his contempo-
raries, as to call for this bo severe reprehension.
But it is in this Canto that the invention
and fiction of the genius of the stormy Cape
D,o,i..ci by Google
AS ESSAY OH THK LCSIAD
occur. These are his own» are uiuTersdlly
admired, and I dare pronounce, that they pos-
sess a sublimity and grandeur which cannot be
surpaMed by any passage that can be produ-
ced from any other human composition. Vol-
taire ccHtfesses that th^ ought to excite the
wonder of all nations and ages. The style o£
the poetry corre^wnds with the loftiness of
the subject. Any praise which I could bestow
upon than would be much inferior to that^
which eveiy one who has taste, will concede to
them every time he reads them.
The description of the palace of Neptune in
the »xth Canto is new, pleasing, and possesses
considerable merit. The omamcaits and sculp-
ture are delineated in beautiliil verse ; and the
speech of Bacchus to persuade the divinities of
the ocean to raise a storm, wMch should d^
stroy the little Portuguese squadron, is not less
doquent than the others, of which we have
already mode mention. The oratorical artifice
by which he excites those deities, may be quoted
as a classical modeL In this picture Camoens
has imitated Vii^ in that passage in which
Juno is described siqtplicattng the winds.
D,o,l..ci by Google
OP CAHOEN8. 31
How naturally and well delineated U that
naval scene in' stanzas 38 and 39, tliat aerves as
a pidude to the history of the combat of the
twelve knights of England, which the poet
causes to be rdated by Velloso. This episode
written in the most beantiM romantic tast^
is introduced veiy happily into die poem, b^
cause, being one of those exploits which dis-
played the valour of the Portuguese, its intro-
duction is consonant to the conduct <^ Cfunoens,
who never lost si^t of any c^portunity that
was afforded him, to sing the h^^ism of his
nation.
The narration of Velloso is scarcdy finished,
when the poet proceeds to describe the storm'
raised by Neptune. This descriptioa, I repeat
what I have said before, is not only givoi with
the usual talent and taste of Camoens, but is
also painted in those true and natural colours,
which only those persons who have witnessed
such dreadful scenes as they delineate, can em-
ploy. The manner in which Venus appeases
the winds, is after the model of the antients.
The navigators b^ng now arrived at India,
|he bourn of the expedition, Camoens, in five
Do,-^«jhyGoc"y^le
44 ESSAY ON THE LtTSIAD
stanzas, which I esteem incomparable as well
for their perfection and nobleness of sentiment,
as for their sublime poetry, pours forth the
feelings of hie heart on the occasion. These
stanzas, worthy of being committed to memory,
are also characteristic of the great houI and
dignified mode of thinking of our poet.
The apostrophe at the commencement of
Canto VII. addressed to the powers of Eurtqie,
which destroyed themselves, and lacerated their
bosoms by religious wars, is on ingenious arti-
fice used by his patriotism to aggrandize his
country, and to extol more highly the splendid
enterprize which she had at that time under-
taken. The diction is inspired by this noble
feeling. This species of digression is neither
improper nor unimportant, when it is consider-
ed that the world was then divided into two
empires, that of the West and that of the East;
the one Catholic, but disunited; the other Mus-
solman, united and striving to destroy the firsL
I^ on rrferring to history, we find tliat the
passage round the Cape of Good Hope was the
salvation of Europe and its liberties from tlie
y<^e of the Mussulmen, (as could easily be
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF CAHOENS. iS
shown) we cannot surely but approve of this
digression at the time when the Portuguese
discover India. Thus the selection by Heaven
of the small Lusitanion nation as the means of
weakeoing the Mussulman power, of saving
Europe, and of opening the commerce <^ A^a,
which secured to Europeans the greatest and
most beneficial consequences (as the poet ex-
plains, dwelling on these conuderations on the
arrival of the Portuguese in India) is very judi-
ciously commemorated here, and affords a great
relief to the action of the poem.
Vasco da Gama, on approaching Calicu^
meets with a Moor, who had been bom on the
coast oppoute to Spain, and who, being ac-
4]uaiiited with the Portuguese nation and its
language, could act as an interpreter. Thu
Moor describes to him the Indian Peninsula,
its onatoms, laws, and reli^on; an excellent
description in the poetical sense, from the liv^
ly colours with which the poetiy animates, and
the truth adorns the work.
The account of the palace of the Zamorin is a
very beautiM imitation of Vir^; the audience
given hy that prince is a fUthful r^reientatioR
D,o,i..ci by Google
16 E8SAT ON THE LII8IAD
of oriental customs, and the speech of Vasco
da Gama, appropriate to explain the grand
projects of the King Dom Manoel, is managed
with an ingenuity which evinces that Camoens
was versed in diplomatic knowledge.
In Canto VIII. Paolo da Gama recrives the
visit of the Catual* who, seeing in his ship the
tapestry, which recorded the most extraordina-
ry achievements of the illustrious men whom
Portugal had produced, requests an explana-
tion of these pictures. This naturally a£orda
to the poet an (^portunity to praise the heroes
(^ bis country in noble verses, calculated to
incite a desire of imitation of th^ actions.
The gallery of pictures is displayed with that
art, or allow me to call it, in that excellent
manner peculiar to great artists. Amongst
the most remarkable are those which pourtray
the noble exploit of Egas Moniz, and a deed,
worthy of the times of chivalry, which the
grand Constable performed.
On this occasion, and in consequence of the
bad advice which was given to the Zamorin by
his officers, Camoens makes some brief moral
reflexions, which shobid be written in the cabi-
„T«jhy Google
OF CAM0XN8. 47
nets of sovereigns in letters of gold. The con^
parison of the glass is not inferior to the lines
of Virgil, of which it is an imitation ; and in
all the passages in this Canto, to whidi there
are corresponding parts in the X^tin poet, Ca-
moms appears as a great master and not as a
servile imitator.
Hie remainder of the Canto detuls the su1>
ject of the poem. We find described in it the '
contention between Vasco da Gama with his
adventurers and the Moors, who, lords of the-
commerce of those countries, and possessing
the greatest ii^uence in governments not al>>
solutely onder their own dominion, strove to
(^>pose the views and die completion of the voy-
age of Gama, and endeavoured to destroy him.
Hie consultation of the soothsayers, the arti-
fices of Bacchus are fictions, with which Camo-
enS) availing himself of the Marvellous per om-
bages deorum, artfully engages the attention.
The picture of the intrigues of the courts,
the prudence by which the principal hero of
the poem subdues every difficulty, his speech
to the Zam<Hin, and the judicious reflexions
introdooed} are passages deserving the conslde-
D,o,i?.cihyGooj^le
iS ESSAY ON THE LDSIAD
ration of every ststefiman. Here we see the
conduct or management of a bad prime^minU-
ter in the Catual rightly exposed ; as also the
ambition, the thirst of gold, and the vile inte-
rested views of courtiers severely reprobated.
The canto closes with this moral.
I will add here a most apposite reflectitm,
by Mr Mickle, on Canto VII., which he nn-
luckdly did not recollect when he dared to
alter Canto VIII. in his translation. " That
** imitation of Vii^l, which occurs in Canto
" VII. is written as by a master of the art.
" If Homer had written the ^neid, he would
' '* have written as the Roman poet wrote, and
" would have presented us with a calm majes-
" tic narrative in the seventh book without
** the tumult and bustle of continual combats.
" Thas Camoais preserves that ^propriate
" and digni£ed style in the narrative in his
" sevmth Canto, and renders himself not infe-
«' rior to that great poet" Thus for Mr
Mickle: but I will say likewise, that Canto
VIII., as it appears in the Lusisd, shews how
judicious Camoens always was in the arrange
ment of tiie poem, as may be discovered, not
D,o,i..ci by Google
OF CAM0ES8. 49
merely from the preceediiig observations, bat
also by the opinion, which each literary person
irill form, on reading it with attrition.
These two Cantos, bnt particularly the last,
aSbrd an excellent monuai of political instruc-
tion. The knot of the intrigue and of the
action is untied in Canto IX. dissipating the
natural fear of the arrival of the ships of Mec-
ca, which might frustrate the expedition of Ga-
ma. He is set at hberty, and finally departs
from Calicut. The nutnner, in which Camoens
in this Canto conducts the poem, is much pre-
ferable to the invention of Mr Mickle; who, in
his translation, tries to alter it, imagining that,
during the imprisomnent of Garoa, the fleet
bombarded Cahcut, and so terrified the Moors,
that they released him and allowed him to de-
part. Camoens very properly avoided this mode
of developing the plot of the poem, as also oC
availing himself of those tedious descriptions of
battles so much resorted to in other cmnposi-
tions. Camoens has anoth^ stanzft (17) on
the departure of the squadron from the port
of Calicut, with which he seizes and arrests the
VOL. II. E
' Dioiir^dhyGoo^le
50 ESSAY ON THE btTBlAET
attention by the joy experienced by the oari-
gatora on their return to their country.
We now have the lovely fiction of the islandr
which Venus created to receive her kvouriteSf
the discoverers of India, where they might rest
from their btigues, and where she should re-
eompence them for having achieved so glorious
an enterprize. This proves (if it were mat^
rial) that this island is imaginary, and not
placed in the Indian seas, but near to the close
of the voyage of Gama. This bold invention
is adorned, and det^led with all the graces of
• poesy. In no other part of the poem has Ca-
moens allowed Us fancy to range with more
warmth and so voluptuously. The description
of the country and the pleasure grounds, the
circumstances attending the meeting between
the Portuguese and the nymphs, and all the
preparations for this feast of delights, present
the most agreeable pictures, which the rich and
amorous imagination of the poet could inv«it,
and which Tasso could imitate, but not surpass.
Our admiration of it is excited, because in the
display of these delights, Camoens neither of-
fends any honest feeling, nor delicacy; but-
Do,T«jhy Google
Ot CAHOENa. 51
rather encourages the contrarjr by the explana-
tion which he gives of this enchanting oll^ory.
Those persons, who have censured him, have
certainly never compared him with the other
poets, for in that case they would have seen
that none of them could have decked out these
pictures as he had done, in the most lively
and burning colours, without offence to taste.
The character of Camoens, which united that
strength of mind,, which will ever distinguish
him firom other poets, to a tender and feeling
heart, renders him conspicuous here by the
manner in which he introduces this fiction into *
the poem, and by the discernment with which
he treats the subject.
Whatever now follows for the completion of
this excellent composition is properly connect-
ed. But with satisfaction I transcribe here the
opinion of Mr Mickle, a foreigner, as well cal-
culated for a critic, by his learning, as by his
judgment and poetical talent, to explain my
opinion with greater energy.
" But the chief praise of our poet is yet
" unmentioned. The introduction of so beau-
" dfid a fiction, as an essential part of the coit-
E 2
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
S3 B88AT OH THE LCBIAD
-** duct and raadiineiy (^ an e^c poem, does
" the greatest honour to the invention of C^
** moens. The machineiy of the former part
" of the poem not only acquires dignity, but is
*' completed by it ; and the conduct of Homer
** and Virgil, has in this not only receired a
" £ne imitation, but a masterly contrast. In
" the finest all^ory the heroes of the Luuad
" receive their reward ; and by means of this
*' allegory our poet gives a noble imitation
** of the noblest part of the .£neid. In the
** tenth Lusiad, Gama and his heroes hear
" the nymphs in the divine palace of Tlietis
** sing the triumphs of their countrymen in
" the conquest of India: after this the god-
" dess gives Ouna a view of the eastern world,
" irom the C^>e of Good Hope to the farthest
*' islands of Japan. She poetically describes
" every region and the principal islands, and
" concludes, jIII the»e are given to the Western
*' World Jy you. It is impossible any poem can
" be summed up with greater sublimity."
The prophecy, in which Thetis brings to the
view of Gama, as a reward for his arduous en-
terprise, the foundation of the splendid empire
of the Portuguese in India> sheds, in my opi-
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF CAM0EN8.
nion, a grext lustre round the pocsn. A ge<>>
graphical descriptioii of the countries which
were discovered in that part of the world, and
afterwards conquered by the Portuguese; as
also the representadon of the heroes, who were
to r^der illustrious the natkm in the gltnious
times of its dominion in tlie east, are naturally
included in the prophecy. But, in order more
distinctly to notice the beauties of this Canto, I
will point out that passage, near the commence'
ment of it, wherdn tlie poet introduces his own
situation, and excites equally our sympathy and
our admiration when we see that, amidst the
heaviest misfortunes, which are accelerating bis
death, his only request to the muses is, that
they will mable him to conclude his poem,
with which he is desirous of presenting his
country : —
n nw Tso Inando ao lio
Do B»ffo eifMtiamtia, « Memo who:
Mai tn DM <U qiM aaoja*, & pan Rabiha
Du Miuaa, co* o que qaero i nagao ininlia !
How wdl desired is the character of Duarte
Pacheco I How just is the censure with which.
Dioiir^cibyGooj^le,
54- ESSAY ON THE L08IAD
he accuses the King, who ungrat^iiUy alloved
this hero to die in an hospital I
Sovereigns would do well to remember this
instructing stanza, 34<. . The death of D. Lou-
ren^ o de Almeida is recorded in sublime poet-
ry, and with chivalrous dignity, especially in
the two verses which close stanza 31. Widi
what energy, corresponding with the subject he
is about to dwell upon, sings he the gloriouit
deeds t^ the great Affonso d' Albuquerque the
real founder of the Portuguese entire in Asia,
whose name and memoiy the Indians even at
thb period preserve ! How he characterises
the other governors, and rouses our interest
In this short history of our conquests ! Hie
poetical merit of these paintings is very con-
siderable, and deserving of praise, not aaly on
account of th^ variety, but also for their ju»-
tice, and the total absence of flattery.
I am well aware that the erudition and know-
ledge of Camoens have been questioned : th^
should not, however, be put in comparison
with the discoveries, and the science of modem
enlightened men ; and rather than otherwise,
reflect honour on his talent for didactic poetry.
fi,o,i..ci by Google
DT CAHOBH8. 55
^ vhich talent it may not be iii:^r<q>er to take
notice in this place.
I do not conceal al§o, that he has be^i
Uamed for Botne of the moral reflections with
which he concludes his cantos, or which are
inta^oven in theoi. Maimontel justifies their
introducdon by the foUowing very appropriate
ai^memt {Le Cheatr^ be soys, fait partte da
mceurt de la tragidie anciatne t les refiexums et
les sentimaUs du poSte Joa4 partie des inmtn de
Vipopie) I and who, on reading them, would
indi to be deprived of instructi<»M capable of
such an acceptation ?
The epilogue addressed to X>om Sebastian,
with which the poem concludes, does honour
to the noble heart, and to the patriotism of
Camoens. It is a didactic apostrophe in bar*
monioufi verse, foil of the most zealous loyal^^
of love of tn^ and justice, and expressed widi
a degree of liberty becoming his elevated cha-
racter.
A poem, inspired by a burst of patriotism,
written with so much el^ance and simplicity
of diction, abonndkig with passages conspicuous
either for dieir invention* l^ the fertile varie^
E 4
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
56 ESSAY ON THE LUSIAD
of the descriptions, or by the sublimity of the
thoughts, in which are also found an elevation
of sentimeDt and a grace of expression, doubt-
less secures to its author an undenifdsle right
to be placed amongst the best ^ic poets.
I think, without any boast, that the pr^er-
ence amongst modem poets may be given to
Camoeus, inasmuch as he is the only on^
who conveys to the reader a dignified idea of
human nature, a love of virtue and of glory,
calculated to incite an imitation of great and
heroic actions. The others delight us Uke
Tasso, or inspire us with admiration and reli-
^ous veneration like Milton, but do not elec-
trify us. The Lusiad, if it was more &equent>-
ly read in the ori^nal, would produce heroes.
Bouchardon sud, that after reading Homer, he
fancied himself twenty feet in height; but with
how much greater reason might a Portuguese
imagine himself thus high after having read bis
Cani<jens?
I sh^ll conclude with a saying of the celo~
brated moralist, La Bruy^: " When the
" reading a book," he' observes, " elevates
» your spirit, and inspires you with noble and
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF CAHOEM8. 57
" valorous sentiments, you should not seek
" for other rules whereby to form your judg>-
" m&it of it : set it down that it is good, and
" that it is the performance of an excdlmt
<• hand." Tasso did honour tp himself, and
credit to his discernment, when he confessed
that he feared Camoeos as a rival. The tri-
bute of praise, which he geneitoualy paid to
Luis de Camoens, confers honour on the Poi^
tuguese poet, and affords the best refutation of
the censures with which some critics, even of
his own country, have abused him. Hiis great
poet, the ablest judge of the abilities dT another
great poet, dedicated to him the following son-
net :— •
Vuco, U cui fellel, udha anlouie, Ac
I hare dwelt upon, and have noticed the epic
poem of Camoens with greater preciuon, be-
cause it is by this compoution, that he is most
distinguished in Europe. His other poems are
* For tbc HMuwt of Tana, *i& tbe tmulatioDi of Fko-
■IM* ud Bfidda, Me the Lift of Ommmm, *oL 1 .
nii3,i7P(ibyGoo'^le
58 ES8AT OM THB I,TT8IAD
less known beyond our country, some foreign
critics, in latter times, having merely given a
short account of dinn in the history of the lite-
rature of Portugal. NererthelesB, if our lan-
guage was equally well known witli that of
Italy, I am quite certain that the name of Ca-
moens would be as illustrious &r his Rimas as
that of Petrarch is for his compositions of that
description.
D,o,i..ci by Google'
ACCOUNT OF THE TRANSLATIONS
CAMOENS>
WITH MOTICBS CONCZBNINO THB
Dpi .?d by Google
„i..cihyGooj^le
ACCOUNT
THE TRANSLATIONS
THE LUSIAD.
Ua Odchiu, K, qui difainiilrt nKtiun
Marua Cobortii, Otaa, at idtimi
Noaenit Calool; ma pcrkm
Diacat Ibar, Rhedaiiiqve poMr.
A. CLEARER proof caiuiot be adduced of the
eadmation in which the Lnnad of CamooiB has
been held, from its fint aj^Koruice up to the
pres^it tim^ and of the inlereat erinced al-
most immediately after its publication, than the
adoption of it by so many countties, into the
languages of which it has beoi at various pe-
riods trandated.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
62 TRANSLATIONS
Camoens has been considered rather unfor-
timate with respect to the translations of his
poem. An ingenious foreigner writes, priBci>
pally with reference to those executed abroad)
that the persons who undertook them, had ge>
noally been Tradit6ri instead of Traduttdre—
Traditcers instead of Translators ; and a critic of
our own couatry, alluding to the translation of
the Lusiad by Mr Mickle, and of some of the
Rimas by Lord Viscount Strangford, says, that
" Mr D'Israeli may chronicle it as one of the
" curiosities of Uterature, that two Englishmen,
" of considerable genius, should have employ-
" ed themselves at different times in interp<^
" lating a Portuguese poet."*
For some time previous to the commence-
ment of the present century, the interest of the
public in the works cS Camoens hod materially
declined, not only in this country, but also
abroad. Since that period, however, the ver-
sion of the Lusiad by Mr Mickle has been
more extensively circulated and read, and it
has beoi admitted, together with that of Mr
• AnniMl BcrCew for 1803, p.51d.
D,o,i..ci by Google
or THE LU8IAD. 6S
Hoole of the Jerusalem Delivered of Tasso,
into the collectioas of translatioDs, which have
lately ^peared in Bngknd. A new sra in
the &ine of the Portuguese bard appears to
have commenced, and the nineteenth centiuy
seems destined to restore him to bis former
eminent station amongst epic poets.
The Translations, by Lord Strangford, from
Camoens, have been followed by an Italian ver-
doQ of the Lusiad by Antonio Nervi, printed
at Genoa in 1814 : the splendid work of Dom
Jozi Maria de Souza, appeared in Paris, in
1617: to this a new Spanish translation, by
Don Lamberto GU, succeeded in 1818: and
another in the same year, in England, of some
of his minor compositions, by an anonymous
[Utthor. Besides these publications, conuder-
able progress has been made in the cultivation
of Spanish and Portuguese literature in Ger-
many, where two complete versions of the Lu-
siad, and one of the first Canto, have been
printed; and a new translation in Frenchnvse
is about to be published in Paris.
The early translations of the Lusiad are of
such rarity, as to almost preclude the possi-
Dpir^d by Google
6i TRANSLATIONS
bility of obtwning a collection of them ; and
without that asustsnce, which has been Uber^-
ly granted to render the presait woA as peiv
feet as possible, this part of it could not have
appeared nearly so complete. On account t£
diit difficulty of procuring a perusal of these
translations, and also, in order that the reader
may be able to form his own judgment on their
re^tective merits, that portion of the third
Canto, in which Camoens so pathetically relates
tiie stoiy of Dona Ignez de Castro, has been
extracted from the writings of as many of the
translators (^ the poem as the author of these
m^noirs has been able to obtun.
The misfortunes of this much injured lady,
and the admitted fact, that this relation is, iS
not the very best, at all events one of the most
exquisite passages in the Lusiad, will perhiqis
render the following short accoont of Dona .
Ignez, drawn chiefly from her life, given in a
modem Portuguese publication,* acc^table.
■£k>na Ignez de Castro was the second wife
of Kmg Pedro of Portugal, somamed the Se-
■ ItetrMos, e Elogicn doa Vsroii, c Donas, que illuitnuvm
m Nb(u> Fortugueia. Liiboa ISIT. Tonio. !•
D,o,i..ci by Google
or THE LVSIAD. 68
ven ; and was descended from a famO^ in Ga-
Hcia, of high and royal lineage, and which was
nearly allied to the sovereigns of Portugal and
Castile. She was the daughter of Don Pedro
Femandes de Castro, sumamed for his valour,
TV Warrior, s person of considerable wealth ;
a vassal of the first rank in Castile and Galicia,
who enjoyed several important offices under
Alonso XI. of Castile; and who, emigrating to
Portugal dnrtng the reign of Don^ ASfomo
IV., died there in 1343. Anxiovs to shetr that
the pretensions of Dona Ignez to the highest
desc^it were not unfounded, her biographers
have deduced her pedigree with great care;
have stated the alliances of her famSy with the
royalty of elder times, and have pointed out
the various crowned heads, and other illus-
trioiu personages, who are descended from
it. To these her noble qualifications, as to
her birth, were united in Dona Ignez, all the
charms of beauty, and those graceful and ac-
comphshed manners, for which she was dis-
tinguished by the ^pellation of CoUo de Garga.
Dona Ignez accompanied, as maid of ho-
nour, the Infanta Constants, who, in 1S40,
VOL, 11. F
Dpir^dhyGoogle
66 TRANBI.ATI0N8
came into Portogal to et^nse Dom FedzOf
the heir to the tbrone. £3ie was then called
Igaez Pires de Castro, as she retamedj accord-
ing to the prevailing custom in ^ain, the pa-
tronymic surname.
Bona Constanta died in ISiS, and Pedro,
who was at that time twenty-five years of age,
refused several alliances, which were proposed
to him by his father; and heard, without any
attention, the advice of the Grandees, who
pointed out to him the advantages which the
crown of Portugal would derive irom his ac-
quiescence in the wishes of the King.
Captivated by the charms of Dona Ignez,
Pedro withdrew her from the court, and hav-
ing first taken her to the monastery of Santa
Clara^ at Coimbra, he secretly married her,
heedless of the consequences, at Braganza, in
the presence of D. Gil de Vianna, the Bishop
of Guarda, and of the Senhor Lobato, the
Master of the Robes. The Portuguese authors
do not agree on the subject of this marriage:
whilst some dwiy that it ever took place, rest-
ing their assertions on the doubts of the times,
as referred to by Femao Lopez in his chronicle
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF THE LOSIAD. 67
ti£ Pedro, and on the reasoiu alleged againn
it by die Dr loao das Regjaa in his oration,
recited in the Cortes at Coimbra, in 1S85;
others, and amongst them nearly all tbe mo-
drav writers, entertain a directly contrary opi-
nion, and adduce in proof of it the testimony
of Pedro himself in the public justification of
his tfondnct ai Cantanhede, in 1361 ; the &ct of
the dqiontion given on oath by him, in tbe city
of Coimbra, before the bishopH and nobles,
on aocoimt of which the instmment, notifying
die event to the people, accompanied by the
Bull of dispensation obtained from the Pope
John XXII^ was issued; and lastly, the will
of Pedro, in which he expressly declares it.
The devotion paid by Pedro to Dona Ignez,
excited the jealousy of some of the nobles and
Btatesm^i of Portugal; who, acting more from
envy than loyal zeal, and with feigned attach-
ment to the public good, were desirous only of
averting those favours which were likely to be
showered upon the relatives of Ignez. From
tlua circumstance her alliance with Pedro,
which promised to be the most happy path to
felidty, proved the occasion of her total ruin,
r 2
Do,T«jhyGooj^le ^
68 TRANSLATIONS
These advisa^ <^ royalty persuaded the King^
that the sacrifice of the life of Dona Igoez wat
necessary to the safety of the state. The in- .
justice, that for the &ult imputed to his so%
the innocent Ignez should suffer, for some time
arrested the fatal sentence agunst her; insti-
gated, however, by repeated importunities, he
st length determined to set out with an armed
force from Montemor Velho, where he th«i
was, for Coimbra, and consented to her death.
As soon as Dona Ignez was apprised of tlie
arrival of the King, and of the cruel bDuness
connected with his journey ; in the midst of tei^
ror and alarm, and with a countenance which
betrayed her inward anguish, she, with her
children, awaited his ^proach at the entrance
of the palace; she knelt to him, and with those
expressions which her hapless situation allowed
her to utter, she intreated and implored his
pardon ; justified her conduct ; interposing her
children bewailed her forsaken condition ; with
her eyes raised to heaven, protested her inno-
cence, and, begging for mercy, fell and em-
braced his feet in silence and humility.
This a£Sicting scene overpowered Affi)nso,
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF THB LVSIAD. 69
who> weqnng at her misfortunes, was inclined
to pardon her. At thb moment, so propitious
to her hopes, her persecutors a[^eared, and
unanimously pronounced her s^itence. Tbcr^
protested, in the name of the kingdom, against
the weakness of his mind, and exclaimed, that
the duigeni with which they were surrounded,
called loudly for the sacrifice. Drawing thrir
pCMgnards, th^, with unheard of ^rramiy,
plnnged them into h» breast, and she fell the
Tidim of their vengeance.
The cmel perpetrators of ^is atrocious act
were Alraro Gon^alves, Meirinho-M6r of the
kingdom; Pedro Coelho, and Diego Lopes
Pacheco, Senhor of Ferreira.*
The remains of Dona Ignez were, in the
first instance, interred in the church of the
monastery of Santa Clara ; but, on the death
of Affonso, and the eleyatitm of Pedro to the
throne, they wer^ by his orders, and in the
* His tngedf wu 'perfbimcd mt Qte palace of Coimbr^
wlikh ia DOT to tbe Monaitery of Suta Clara; and the
■CDtence frai executed* according to a bcxA of coaudermble
autboritf, belonging to Santa Cnu, at Ctnmbra, b; beheading
Dona Ignei.
F 3
DV^«jhyGooj^le
70 TRANSLATIONS
fourth year of hu reign, removed to the rojral
monastery of Alcoba^a. The pomp and s<v
lemnity attending the translation of her body
to Alcoba^a are hirgely dwelt upon by the
Portuguese historians, and supply sufficient
testimony of the faithful affection which de-
creed these honours to her memory.
Pedro issued orders for the erection of two
sepulchres of the whitest marble in the church
of Aicoba^a. They were to be executed with
the choicest workmanship, and ornamented
with sculpture. One of these he designed for
himself, and the other for the reception of the
remains of his deceased wife ; which, as soon as
the monuments were completed, he caused to
be disinterred in his presence in the church of
Santa Clara. He put a golden crown upon
her head, and the body being placed on a -
throne, which had been erected for the occa-
sion, all who were present kissed her hand as
que^i. This ceremony being concluded, the
remuns were covered and conveyed on a
splendid litter to Alcoba^ being accompanied
thither in great pomp and magnificence by the
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
OM THE LVeiAD. 71
grandees and nobles, by the ladies of the court,
the religious, the clergy, and the greatest per-
sonc^es of the kingdom. The road between
Coimbra and Alcoba^a, consisting of seventeen
leagues, was lined on each side with men bear-
ing large wax lights, between whom the pro-
cession moved. Anived at the Monasteiy, the
ceremony of kissing her hand was rc^teated,
and the body was then consigned to the grave.
Her tomb, on which was sculptured her beauti-
fitl figure, together with the insignia of rt^al^,
suffered considerably by an unsuccessful at-
tempt made by the King Dom Sebastian to
.open it.* Those, who are curious to know the
fiite of her children, and the ample revenge
Pedro took on the murderers of his wife, may
consult the History of Portugal.
Such is the lamentable incident, which called,
forth the following sweet and pathetic strains
of Camoens, the translations of which have
been deemed most adapted to afford the best
* llie tomb* of Dona Ignci aad Dom Pedro m now in
the Clupd, aUad tha King** Clupel, lunng beta te/ertl
Retrstot e Elogioi. Tdom 1.
F *
D,o,i..ci by Google
72 TRANSLATIONS
specimeos of the abilities of thdr respective
authors.
%uisi tK Cotnoetuf*
Passada esta tao pr6spera victoria,
TomaDdo Afonso & Luaitana terra,
A ae lograr da paz com tanta gloriai
Quanta soube ganhar na dura gueira ;
. O caso triste, e digno da memoria,
Que do sepulchre os bomees desenterra,
Aconteceo da mbera, e mesquinha,
Que despois de ser morta foi Rainha.
Tu 86, tu puro Amor, com for^a crua.
Que OS coragoes humanos tanto obriga,
Dfiate causa & ^nolesta morte sua,
Como se fora perfida inimiga.
Se dizem, fero Amor, que a sede tua,
Nem com lagrimas tristes ae mitiga.
He porque queres aspero, e tyranO)
Tuaa aras banhar em sangue humano.
Estavas, linda Ignez, posta em socego,
De tens annos colhendo doce fruto,
Naquelle engano da alma, IMo, e cego.
Que a fortuna uao deixa durar muito
D,o,l..ci by Google
OF THB LU8IAD.
%uUt tie Camonuf*
No8 sandoKM campoe do Mond^^,
De teiu formoHM olhos nunca eoxuto,
AoB moDteB eusinaDdo, e £s herrinbai,
O nome que no peito eicripto tinhai.
Do teu Principe allj te reapoDdiam
As lembran^u que na alma Itie moraTam ;
Que wmpre ante aeuc olhos te trazian,
Quando dos teus farmoaoB ae apartavam
£>e noite em doces Bonhos que mentiam,
De dia em pensamentos que voavam ;
E quanto em fim cuidavai e quanto via,
Enun tudo memorias de alegria.
De outraa bellaa Senhoras, e Prince zaS)
Os desejados thalamos en^ita ;
Que tude em fim, tu pure Ainor, deRprezas,
Quando hum gesto suave te sujeita.
Vendo estas namoradas estranhezas
velho pai sieiidoi que respeita
O muimurar do povoi e a phantaaia
Do filhO) que caaar-se nao queria ;
Tirar Ignez ao Mundo determina,
For Ihe tirar o filho que tern preso ;
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
74 TaANSLATIONS
%aifi be Camonuf.
Crendo co' o sangue 86 da morte indiiUt
Matar do firme amor o fogo acceeo.
Qual furor coiucentio ; que a eepaiA fins.
Que pdde sustentar o grande peso
Do fiiror Mauro, fosse slerantada
Contra huma fraca dama delicada i
Tnraam-na os borrificos algozes
Ante o Rei, }& morido a piedade,
Mas o poyo com falsas e ferozet
Razoes i morte croa o persuade.
Ella com tristes e piedosai Tozes,
Sahldas b6 da m^goa, e saudade
Do seu 'Priacipe, e filhos, que deixava,
Que mais que a propria morte a magoaTa :
Para o Ceo ciystalliDO aleTantando
Com lagriinas os olhos .piedoaos ;
Oa olhos, porque as maos Ihe estaTa atando
Hum dos duros ministroa rigorasoa :
E deqiois nos meninos attentando,
Que tao queridos tiuha, e tao mimosos,
Cuja oiphaodade como mai temia.
Para o avft cruel aid dizia :
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF THE LUSIAD.
%ttUi be Camonuf.
Se j& nas brutat feru, cuja meote
Natura fez cruel de nascimenta ;
E nas aves agreata, que a6iiieute
Naa rapinas aeriaa tern o intento ;
Com pequenaa crianfai vio a gente,
Terem tad piedoso nnilmeDto,
Como Co' a mii de Nino j& moatriirain,
E CO* o> irmaoi que Roma edificirain :
O' tU| que tee« de humano o gesto, e o peitOt
(Se de faumano be matar hua donznlla
Fracai e aem for9a, b6 por ter sujeito
O cors^ao a quern toube vencella)
A estaa criaucinhai tem respeito,
Poia o nao ties & morte escura ddla;
MoTO-te a piedade iub, e minha,
Pqu te nao move a culpa que oao tinha.
£ se reoceitdo a Maura resistencJa
A morte sabes dar com fogo, e ferro ;
Sabe tambem dar vtda com demenda
A qnem para perdti-Ia nao fez erro.
Maa se to aBdjnerece eeta umocencia,
Poe-me em perp^tuo e misero desterro,
Na Scythia fria, ou ]£ na Libya fu^iente,
Onde em lagrimaa titb etemamente.
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
76 TRANSLATIONS
%aUi Be €mmaff*
Poe-me onde k lue toda a feridade ;
Entre leoes, e tigrea ; e rerei
Se Delles acbar poaso a piedade
Que entre peitos hum&DM nao acheL
Alii CO* o amor intrinseco, e vontadet
Naquelle por quern mouro, criarei
Eatas reliquias suas que aqui viste,
Que refngerio sejam da mai triste.
Queiia perdoar-lhe o Rei benino,
Movido das palavnu que o magdam ;
Mas o pertinaz poro, e ku destioo,
Que desta sorte o quiz, Ihe nao perddam.
AiraDcam das espadas de sf o finoi
Os que por bom tal fdto alii pregdam.
Contra hua dama, 6 peitoa carniceiroBf
Ferozea tob mostrais, e CavalleiroB?
Qual contra a linda moga Policena,
Consotagao extrema da nui velha,
Porque a sombra de Achilles' a condena, ■
Co* o ferro o doro Pjrrrbo se aparelha :
Mas dla os olhost com que o ar serena,
(Bern como padente e mansa ovdha)
Na raiaem mai postoS) que endoudecei
Ao duro sacrificio ae oflerece :
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF THE LUSIAD.
%aift be Camotitf.
Taea contra Ignez c» bnitos matadores,
No collo de slabastro, que Boatinha
As obra* com que amor matou de amores
A' quelle que despois a fez Bainha,
As espados banhaudo, e as brancaa flore%
Que ella dew olhu seus regadai Unha,
Se encarni^avam fSirldos, e iroKw,
No futuro coetigo uao cuidoios.
Bern puderas, 6 Sol, da yista destes,
Teua raios apartar aquelle dia,
Como da Beva mesa de Th;e«tea,
Quando 08 filboB por mao de Atreo comia.
V61, 6 coQcavoa ralleB, que pudestes
A roz extrema ouvir da boca fria,
O nome do seu Pedro que Ihe ouvistea,
Por muito grande eapago repetutes.
Aiu como a bonina, que cortada
Antes do tempo foi, Candida, e bella,
Sendo das maos laicimi maltratada,
Da menina que a trouxe na capelto,
O cheiro traz perdido, ^ a cdr murchada;
Tal egt& morta a pallida donzella,
Seccai do roito as rosas, e perdlda
A branca e viva c6r, co' a doce vida.
, Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
78 THANBLATIOH8
%uie be Ccmottttl.
Aa fiUiM do Mondego & morte ckutb
LoDgo tempo cboraodo memoriram ;
E, por memoria etema, em fonte pnra
As lagrimai cfaoradas b'aDsformfiraiD !
O nome Ihe pozeranir qu« ainda dura, -
D(M amoret de Igaez, que alii pass&ram.
Vede que fresca foote rega aa florea.
Que lagrimai lao agua, e o ntKue amorea.
IN H£BK£W.
I have endeavoured, without succeas, to ob-
tain any intelligence of a translation of the
Lusiad into Hebrew, or of tbe authority for
the mention of it, made by Mr Mickle in the
Life of Camoens, prefixed to his English ver-
ston of the Lusiad in the following tenns:—
" It is translated also into Hebrew, with great
*' el^ance and spirit, by one Luzzetto, a
" learned and ingenious Jew, author of seve-
« ral poems in that language, and who, about
" thirty years ago, died in the Holy Land."
IW THE LATIN LANOUAOB.
In the Latin language four translations in
verse have been made, and one in prose. The
D or .«jhy Google
or THE LU81AD. 79
version in prose was composed by Philip Joseph
da Gama, s member of the Royal Academy of
Portuguese History, and of the Arcadian So-
ciety of Rome; and is highly pmsed in the
" Discm'so Preliminar" to the 8vo. edition of
the Works of Camoens, published at Lisbon,
1779, Stc ' It perished in the fire, which, suc-
ceeding the earthquake^ destroyed great part of
Lisbon, in 1755.
Lasiadwtt Lihri X. Olisipone apud Oiraldam ll
Vinea. 1622. 8vo.»
D. Fr. Thomas de Faria was a native of
Lisbon, and was promoted to the See of Tar-
ga, in Africa. I£s version is mentioned by
Manoel de Faria e Sousa, who writes, that he
published it without stating it to be a transla-
tion &OID Camoens, and that the bishop de-
rived more honour by having translated it,
than the Lusiad acquired by his Latinity. Ma-
noel de Faria Severim speaks of it in terms of
• Mwtwdo— KU I.iuit. tiHD. III.
■Do,T«jhyGooj^le
80 TRANBLATIONS
TEbaam it jfajrfa*
greater praise, and aa displaying conslder^le
eniditimi and genius on the part of the transla^
tor. Mr Mickle, in a note to his Life of C»-
moeiu> says, " Thomas de Faria, Bishop of
" Targa, in Airica, translated it into Latin,
*' and printed it without either his own, or the
" name of Camoens : a mean, but vain attempt
*' to pass his version upon the public as an
** original."
The fbUowing account (^ Thomas de Faria*
and his writibgs, is extracted irom the Biblio-
theca Hispana Nova of Nicolas Antonio. Vol.
II.:—
" F. Thomas de Faria, Oliupoaensis, e sacra
*< CarmeU familia proviuciee PortugaltiX) quam
" primum ab anno MDXCVIII. indeque itenim
" post Ulisiponensis do^lua prsfecturam ab anno
" MDCVm. fait moderatus, trium lioguarmn He-
'* braicie, Gnece, atque Latin«e in paucis peritut
" fuisie di^tur ; divina, hiunanaque literatura, sub-
" dUtate ingenii, memorizque mirabilis laude ez-
*■ imius. Nempe his dotibus, et vits podsRirautn
" innocenter anteactie mentis, dum Lusitanis prs-
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
0> THE LUBMD. 81
3). jfr. 'Wttmces \Jt iatitu
" eMet aodalibiu, TargeneU in Africa, nt credo,
" pontHicatus tituluiu adeptu* est ; clanu ad poat«-
" rOB Ludovici Camoesii Lusitanoram poetorum
" Coriphsi LuBtaduin e Temaculo in Latlnum car-
" tatxt interpretatioue, que prodiit hue ioacriptione :
Lutiadum Libri X. Olitipone. 1622. in 8vo,
" Reliqutt inedita, Bed facilitate Buperioram in-
" structa ad publication em : —
" In Libros Sententianim, duo ralumina ; qiue
." aMervari in canobio Ulisiponend refert in libro
" Buo de Palmitibut vineee Carmeii, qui in biblio-
" theca TranspoDtins Kdis Somans visittir msnu
" eiarattifl, Augustinus ViBcarrettue ejuBdem oi-
" dinis Carmelitarum.
" Decades item hiatoiic rerum lui tnnporis ;
« qnanim meminit Georgiiu CardoBoi in Agiologio
" LusHanot &c."
Id the fifth volume of the " Corpus IIlus-
" trium PoetaniiD LoBitanomm qui LatinS
" Scxipsenmt,"* Antonio dosReis has re-print-
ed this Version of the Liiaiad, from which the
D,o,i..(i by Google
&2 TRANSLATlOirS
3>* Jfc. 'iE^miefi be Mtaia.
extract is nuide ; and bas prefixed to it a short
life of the Bishop, a list of his works, and the
teatimonieB of sereral authors, who have writ-
t^i in prai^ of the translation. '
A copy of the original edition was sold at
the Crevenna sale for two florins and fourteen
stivers ; in ^e private catalogue of which librae
ry, it stands thus. Tom. 3. p. 289.
M Liuiadum libri decern. Aathore Domino Fntre
« Thorns de Faria, Episcopo Targensi Ulywpwie,
** ex officina Gerard! de Vinea, 1662, in 8vo. — Ce
" volume n'est pas c
Postquam magnanimuB portavit ab hoste triomi^um
Alphonsus victor patrias digressus ad oras,
Lunadfim placidi populos in pace regebat.
Inianus, tristis, Hevus, sceleratuB, & omni
Famft hominum dlgnus tunc casus contigit, imis
Qui (scelus horrendum) nunc tectas detegH nmas,
Ducere cflm vitam tranquillam ftta vetarunt
Agnetem, qus post mortem Regina vocata est :
Tu tu solus amor crudelis, & horride vitA
Viribus imparibus pulchram apoliare puellam
Niteris, & tanto felicem lumine gentem.
D,o,l..ci by Google
OF TH£ LtrSIAD. 88
Si non, cnidelis, multo litu upera luctu
Leahnr, magv, stque magis litientia torques
Pectora, fiemineo tandem maculare cniore,
Tingerfe ft exoptas altaria dira Tyraoni.
Ecee quieacebaa Monde pulcherrima ri{M>
^tatiaque tiue c^tabai dulcia fructfla
Prcmia, (wd multum requieacere gaudia vibe
Non patitur fortuna ferox) tua lumina Monde
Steltati ripas lacrymia, St fletibui augent,
Piincipia & Petri gratum dbi nomen, & alt&
Finm mente maneni manifettas montibiu, heriiii,
Floribua, atque roaia, bTadnto, albiique*liguatrit.
Hia animum incensum curia influDtnat amore
FxauQa, & illuatrat noctia cilm Luna tenebraa
Sols dome nueret vacuA, atratoque relicto
Incubat itlum absena absentem, auditque, videtque.
Nobilium Princepa thalamos jam despicit, Agnes
Pectore sola maoeti solam sociare sodalem
Constituit Petrus, sibi stat sententia menti,
CoDJugio Agoed tandem ee tradidit illi.
Improbe amor, sic tu mortalia pectora co^ I
At Rex AJpfacHiauB nimtA jam membra senectA
Lassk gerenSf Nati ardentem conspexit amorem
niuBtres thalamost regali & sangume dignos
!, rumores populique, & jurgia vidit,
G 2
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
84 TRAMSUTIom
3), Jfr. '^rnnofi He facia,
Agnetem Btatuit fonDOBton mergere acerba
Funere, & insontem vultiu qioliare decore.
Sanguine conceptaB stataens extinguere flammas,
Quas Becurua amor conBtanti in pectore nutrit.
Quis furor d citcb, placuit ne ut frigidug eant.
Quo Mauri ad Btygiaa mJttuDtur utpe paludeat
Imbelletn contra, fragUem, pulchramque puellaiB
Vibretur, perdatque Icti cum Tutnere viianu
Horrifici ad Regem mutum pietaie ministri
Adducunt muerara ; populus led meote feroci
Suadet ut Agnetem superis Rex auferat auria.
Attamen ilia Bui Petri aon immemor tedea
RcBpidt tethereaB, flamnuBque accensa dalor«in
Principis absentia, chara natosque parente
Orbatoa plusquam mortem lacrymaverat Agues.
Fundebant oculi kcrymaB, tunc fune minister
AUigat & palmaa niveo candore decoraa,
Poates conapiciens pueroB sua pignora, dulcj
Queis distenta dabat ludens )acte ubera mater,
Principis & natoB arcto nutribat amore.
Sic fatur lacrymans, tristique hsc protulit ore.
Si quando (Rex alme) feraa, natura feroces
Quas produxit, aves assuetas forte rapinis,
Commovit pietas pueros nutrire recenti
Lacte, siauque soo, jam ut mo»ti«Tere columbw
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
or THE LUStAO. 85
9. Xt, ■^omaiK tv jfacftu
EgregiB Nini matri, qiue pabuhi quondam
Prsstabant pulcbne magnd pietate puellK :
Et Lupa moDatravit, aitieiu dum flumina qusrit
InTeaiena binog nutrivit lacte gemellofl)
Inclyta qui mogns fundamnt msnia Ronue ;
Tu Rex, humsno qui poltes corde, videtur
Huinanum u forte tibi mactare puellam
luontem, indennemque, ac nullo crimtoe fiedam.
Hoc tibi crimen erit aolum, quod pectora nad
Vicerit, exiinio qui me libi junxit amore.
Reipice ad hos pueros, tristem ne respice matrem,
Te moreat pietas, siquidem te nulla movere
Culpa valet, vitamque iosoos cum Baoguine fimdo.
Quod ai Maurorum furiac consumere ferro
Ipse potea, raoveat summum dementia pectua.
Neve Decide Nurum, que crimina nulla patrartt.
Si tamen hsc ratio sublimia pectora R^ia
Non movet, extremaa infelix mittar ad ora> ;
Exul ero Scythicii campia, Ly biciique remotii,
Queia lacrymia, nostroi dum spiritus hoe reget artua.
Consumam infaustum Petri non immemor KTom,
Prindpii & nomen firmo sub pectore condsm.
Me mitte ad populoa isetob, tigresque, leonetque
£t fbrtasae mihi pietas erit obvia, pectna
Qoam celtum, eximiom, sublimeque denial, oris
o S
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
86 TBAH8LATION8
Exul ero extremu placido contenta farore ;
Pignont, relliquiaaque tui, quein corde reporto,
Principia atque vie!, matemo ibi pectore pascam.
Jam pietat Regem impellit, jam parcere motua
Optst ; nam nimium moTerunt verba puelln,
Sed noD magnatum, populique ferocia parcit,
Sanguineumque ierox Taginil liberat ensem.
Qui morte insoDtein dignam putat ewe puellam.
O duia, ac horrenda nimisi f^ra viscera ! contra
Imbellem, timidan) monatrastis robora ibrtes 1
Qualis Pirrhus erat, cum pulchra Polyxena virgo
Extremum charse matria solameiir Achillis
Quod fera formoaam damnaverat umbra puellami
Crudelem Pirrhus jam prasparat impiiu eiisem.
Ast ilia iu matrem funis, irfique furentem
Lumina conjiciens, quibua a^a temperat, agiue
Haud Bimilis patiens gladio se se hostia subdiL
Sic contra Agnetem iosurgunt, collumque cruento
PercuUunt gladio, & cervicem vulnere fsdant,
Cerricem, candore nivem, glaciemque rigentem
Que superat : pendent ex collo opera alta stqtremi
Prindpis Agnetem qui post sua funera fecit
Reginam : moriens chrystalli lumine guttaa
Emittit. formosa quibua decoraverat ora.
O miieri, caium vestrum pensate futucum i
D,o,i..ci by Google
OF THE LtiaiAD. 87
S>* gv* '3^K>ma0 be JFarfa,
Qium bene Sol poteru abfcondere fulgida ab iitit
Lumina, ut inBaoi fenlii menia Thyeatis
Luce tu& caniit, nstum ciira frmter edendmn
Atreiu appofluit ; neque enim hoc perferre volebu.
Voeque earn vallea, tob alta cacumins montu,
Qu2 Tocem extremam potuistu ob ore puellc
Accipere, audistis dilecti nomina Petri,
Atque iterum longo repetistu tempore Petnim,
Sicut cdm pnedaa fiiit aine tempore pulchra
Vel roM, Tel flores, vel Ulia Candida bellx
Vir^is attrectata manu, queii texere amznun
Cura fiilt tenero capidque imponere sertum ;
Jam color abacedit, gratumque amittit odorem :
Sic defuncta jacea Agnes, uc ora colorem
Deperdunt, uc pnlchra roeaa, aic lilia pulchra
Amittit iacuea, Tultum color atque reliquit
Purpureus, pallor gelidoa aolilm occupat arttu.
Vol fluTii Nyi^hK Mondic teterrima veatrs
Fttnera pIoiastiB per tempora longa puellse,
^temuraqoe oeulia lacrymas yerti>ti« ams^um
In Ibntem, atque illi poauiatia nomen Amorum
Agnetia, Petrique aimul.
Do,T«jhy Google
88 , TBAN8LAT10NS
SLriStct 'Stegm,
lAisiada India Orientaiis Jrgonauta. MS,
The. author of this translation was bom at
Goa, and evinced an ardent desire for science
arid philosophy. Having received instrnction
in the Latin language, and in such a course
of education as Goa could aSbrd, he came to
Europe, and prosecuted his studies at the Uni-
versity of Coimbra, where he took the degree
of bachelor. Bayao still thirsting after further
attainments, journeyed, although very poor, to
Rome, where he soon obtained an appointment
of emolument, and was esteemed one of the
ablest grammarians of the age. He subse-
quently distinguished himself as master of Rhe-
toric in the Greek College, being so eminent
ly skilled in Greek as to have translated the
^neid of Virgil into that language: and a&sr~
wards undertook the management of some of
the public seminaries in Italy, at the request
of a Cardinal, to whom his amiable manners
and his condition had endeared him.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF THE LU8IAD. 89
He returned to Rome to pursne his favour^
ite studies amongst some religious friends, to
whom he by will bequeathed all bis comp<v
iitioDs. Previous to hie death, he wrote his
epitaph, to which, after that event, the dates
were added.
D. O. M.
Andrasas Bgyanus
Sacerdoa Liuitanua Orientalis
Hie situs, uade natus.
Vixit aoDos 73.
Obiit 2 Junij, anu. Domiui, I6S9.
Qu&m bene novit huEuo compacta hxc membra
rererti
Factus homo ia paucam qu& jacet author huraum.
Non titulis nomen vita sibi creecere functo
Optavit : satis est : bic aitas, unde satui.
His integrity of conduct and literary acquire-
ments are mentioned by many writers; and
they also procured for him the esteem of 3<Hne
of the Cardinals and principal personages of
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
90 TRANSLATIOIfS
Rome. Many extracts are given by Machado
to shew tile eslimation in which he was holden,
amongst which is the following from Antonio
dos Reis : — *
Bayane ledes sucdnctus, et ipse
fVonde triumphalis lauri, quam Roma canenti
DoMa tibi mentis pro tantis reddivit, Uihe
Applaodente Goa ; que Te lub Luminis auras
Edidit, aactunim quondam Collegia vatum.
He is thus noticed by Nicolas Antonio : —
*< Andreas Baianos, vulgari format ut credlmns
" Baiaon, Indus, ex Lusitanorum gente in Goensi
" metrt^litana urbe Orientii natus, bachaluiruB ut
« Tocant Conimbricensis, theoiogus, nee obscnri
M Dominia orator ac poeta, Gneds non jejune nee
" Latinis Tulgariter emditusi Roma degens multa
" conscripsit opera, noonuUa edidit, quorum seriem
" cum laude faominis, alias nobis ignoti u^Krte inter
" Mteros viTeotis, ex Leonis Allatii Wri eruditini-
*< mi < Apibu Vrhani^ aire de viris iUnstribui, qui
■ Enlbiu. Foitic
D.oiir.cihyGoo'jIe
or THE LUIIAD. 91
SbSnt Sopio.
« ab anno MDCXXX. per lotum MDCXXXII.
*■ Rome adfuenmt, ac typa allquid enilgsnmt,
" desumpsimuB.
" Poems Epiciim LitdoTici Camoesii Latine red-
« ditum hoc titalo : Liuiadfc India Orientalia Ar-
" pMiauta."*
The maDuscript, which is preserved in the
Bibliotheca Roinaiia,t commences : —
Siqui ^o jact^am Zephyris ; qu£ surda morebam
Littora, qu& Sylvas patriis dare quettubiu auras
logenio, studioque valens : nunc quanta latino
Ore queam repetens longinqui ardentia martis
Arauit virosqoe caao Luaos, qui soils ab oris
Occiduis per inaccessas maris omnibus undas
Trapobanem ventre super discrimins rerum
Pltuqu^ bomines aggressi in Eoo llttore regnum
Nobile perpetuis auctum poaudre trimnf^ii.
Machado lajrs, that the compodtioii of this
translation occupied its author many years, and
■ BiUiot. Hiipan* Non, Tom. 1,
t HomfinieoQ Bib. Bf&TaL l.p.iT9.
D,o,l..ci by Google
9S ' TRANSLATIONS
arnonio 9^nmts.
that BayBO was very anxious that it should pre-
■eire as much as possible the vivacity and
energy of the origin^. He was nrged by let-
ters Iroin the Archbish<^ of Brags and Lis-
bon to publish it, from which they stated equ^
credit would be derived to the author, and the
Portuguese nation at large.*
^tntonto 9@emie0.
lAisiaden Camonij Hfspatiorum vatvm atUmgnani
Poema Latinis versibm redditam. A/to. MS. ■
Antonio Mendes, who is noticed by Macha-
dogf was a priest at Lisbon, and much beloved
for his virtues and mild demeanour. He was
the brother of Gon^alo Mendes Saldanha, ao
excellent composer qf music ; the one brother
being as celebrated for counterpoint, as the .
other was for the flowing, clear, and elegant
style of his Latin poetry. Mendes never suffered
• Bibliot LoBtana, Toni.l.p.l4ft
t ffifalioL Liuiiaiu, Ton. 1. [K S97.
D or .«jhy Google
OF THS LUSIAD. 9S
any of his works to be published during his
1^; some Epigrams, however, written in praise
c^ certain authors, appeared without his autho-
ri^. At Jiis death the whoie of his poetical
compositions were discovered, amongst whidl
(as it was the largest, so it was the most ^er-
fed) was his version of the Poem of Camo^it
in Latin.
He also wrote
Exeqttias do Estado da India,
Not less satyrical than learned— ^or which he
was a short time imprisoned, but v^ tocHi re*
stored to liber^.
jFrantf^co tie &amo jagojftin^ 9^ttc6»,
iMsiada de Lttix d£ Camoens, tradwdda na
Ltttgua Latino. MS,
Conceming this *' Varao Encyclopedico, e
iuigne omato da Republica Litteraria," seve-
re pages of the Bibliotheca Lusitana are occu-
pied. He was bora at Coimbra in 1596, and
at the age of 1 1 years, so qaick was bis judg-
D,o,l..ci by Google
91 TRAKSLATIOK8
jFtanciKco be temto avomn^o 9$ata»,
ment and to excdlent his memory, that he could
write X>atin verses with elf^ance, and could re-
peat the whole of the iEneid of VirgiL .
His litCTary &me, which was now spread
dirongh Portugal, excited the attention of the
j^ranish court, and by command of Philip IV.
he went to Madrid, where he filled a chair in
the royal college.
During his residence in Portugal he had be-
come a Jesuit; circumBtances however occur-
red, which determined him to quit the order,
and to enter into that of St Anthony. This
was when he was 46. Soon after entering into
this institution, he was appointed to read lectures
on philosophy and theology at Coimbra, from
which office he was removed by Joao IV. to ac-
company the ambassadors which that monarch
sent to France, Rome, and England. In each
of these countries his splendid abilities merit-
ed and obtained due admiration.
From Alexander VII. he received flattering
proofe of that pontiff's eatimation of hb talents,
in the ^pointments which are mendoned in
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF THE LUSIAD. 95
the following moDTimental intcription, written
bj one who bad been his scbolar:—
P. M. S.
P. Ft, FVancisco i Sancto Atiguatino Macedo,
Patria Liuitano, Veneto Cirii
Mm. obierv. Prov. Portugal. Lectori Jubilato
In Patavins Academia Ethicte Profeuori,
Gfllliarum Reginx Anase Concionatari, & Cooiiliario
Regis LusitaDix Joannit 'IV. Cbronologo Latino ,
S. officii Roman. Qualificatori
In Coll^o de Prop. Fid. Controreraiarum LecMri
Id Romans Sapientia Hist. Ecclea. Magiitro
Poebe extemporaneo celebemmo
Pluribui in Catbolicx, ac Litersri« ReipuUicsi
Obiequium laboribo* claro
Encyclopedida dod paucia speciiatDibiia,
Ac certaminibuB illiutri:
Advenz fortuiHe ictibiu intrepido
Ingenio acii, memoria iofallibili
LXX. Yoluminum Patri
Die. 1. Mai! ann. MDCLXXXL artatia siue
Ann. LXXXVIU.
Padux ad niperoa prafecto
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
96 TSANSIjlTIONB
JFcBittufn be Ismto asoitf^Iio apatOo,
Fr. Michael Angelua Fcrrolfiu de CaadU
Sacri Palatii Apostolici Prxdicator
Ciani. Fam. Min. Observ. & Reform. Discretut
perpetuus,
Et in Romana Curia Commissar. Generalii
Grati Discipulattis causa M. P. C.
Anno Domini MDCXCI.
The a£Fection of the Pontiff, which wa< ap-
parent, and which, together with his uncom-
mon abilities, had procured him the friendship
of the Dukes of Savoy, Florence, and Mantua,
vas interrupted by the introduction of an ex-
pression by Macedo into an epitaph, which, by
Alexander's desire, he had composed for one
of his household, and which he refused to alter.
On this event he set out for Venice, and in
some discussions, so distinguished himself there,
that he was rewarded by the republic, and ^>-
pointed professor of moral philosophy at the
uiuversity of Padua.
Macedo spoke the southern languages of
Europe fluently, and wrote and preached in
Italian and in Spanish as elegantly as if he
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF THK LU8IAD. 97
had been bom at Rome, and educated in Ma-
drid. His particular atteution had however
been paid to the Lstiu, aod in that language
be excelled. By a decree dated 8lh April,
1650, he was appointed by Joao IV. " Chro^
tOBta da Monarchia" or Historiographer, whote
dn^- was to detail in Latin the history of the
times.
He died at the age of eighty-fire yean, in
the " Convento de Padua," and was there
buried by its inhabitants, who put up to his
memory a bust, with the following inscrip-
tion: —
D. O. M.
Patri Frandaco Macedo Lusitano
Hujua DomilB Patres eximio centubernali suo
Istam
Ex ^re Imagiaem
Pro aorea ilU quam ia Patavino Gynmasio
Moralis Philosopbite DoctoTi & undique
Lingua, ft calamo vir doctisumuB protulit
Unanimiter decrevere.
Obiit anno domini 1681, die prima Maii
^tat 9a
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
98 TRAN8LATI0K8
JFrancfftco be &fmto asoittfnlio a^aceOa.
Machado* says an error occurs, in both
diese inscriptiona, as. to his sge at his desA,
which wa» eigh^-five, and not ninety years. '
It would be swelling this arlicle to much too
^%st a length, to state the many encomiHHM
which were written to his memory, and to de-
tail the works, of which he was the author.
Those, which have been printed, exceed one
bondred; and there are several which remain
unpublished.
Amongst the works 1^ by Macedo in MS.
was a translaUon df the Lusiad, in two vols,
in 4to. consisting of nearly ten thousand lines,
but which, though given line for line with the
ori^ol, did not receiw his final corrections.
This work, which he undertook in Paris, at
the request of the Marquez de Niza D. Vasco
Luiz de Gama, ambassador to the French
court, and a descendant from the hero (^ the
poem, occupied his attention only nine months:
it commences thns : —
* Bibliob Lusilaa. Tomo iL p. 83.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF THE LU8IAD. 99
jFcfmcffTto at &anto jagomfnlio 9^acAo.
ArniB cano, celebrevque viros qui i littore pond
Occidiii Lysii aurgunt ubi mxnia Re^i
Per maria ante alui uunquam tentata carinu
Ire Tel extremos ultra potudre receuu*
Taprobaues : bello egregii, fortesque periclia,
Wimyi^m huiuaiiB fcfat yirtus, quam spondeM aunit,
Et nova r^na inter gentea atatudre remotaa,
Qiue tantAm factu sublimia io astra tu]ere>
Machado, mentioning this traiulation, writes,
that it is indebted to the diligence and abilities
of Antonio dos Reys, the editor of the Corpna
Poetanim, for the last Bnieh it received; and
that it would appear in that famous collection.*
On referring, however, to the sixth volume of
the work of Dos Reye, which ie entirely filled
with the compogitions of Macedo, the editor
states, that as it had not received the author's
final correctionB, and as there were sufficient
testimonies of the poetical abilities of Macedo
without it, he declined giving it.
• MKbido BiUiot. LiiAu. Teiii. 1. p. 370.
h2
D or .«jhy Google
TRANSLATIONS
IN THE SPANISH I.ANGUAGE.
"Hiree translations are mentioned by Faria e
Sousa, in his Life of Camoens, as being pub-
lished in the Spanish language. They are
stated by this author to be " poco felices, como
" seran siempre todas las que se hizieron de
" Poesia ;" meaning that their authors had ex-
perienced those difficulties in translating poetry,
which, in his opinion, were never overcoine.
In his " Advertencias" in the first volume
of his Commentaries on the Liisiad, he passes
a yet harsher sentence on these works : " Ellas
" faeron tres de Luis de Tapia, de Benito
" Caldera, i de Enrique Garces, tan malas
" todas, que exceden la infelicidad de toda tra-
'* ducion, que se haze de escritura en verso."
He also censures them for r^ecting the Latin
words and terminations which Camoens had
introduced. Besides these, translations by Ma-
noel Correa Montenegro, and by D. Francisco
de Aguilar, are mentioned to have been seen
by Faria e Sousa in MS., and, which not hav-
ing been published, have probably perished.
D,o,i..ci by Google
Oy THE LDBIAD. lOI
Id die Commentaries on die Lunad, a prose
tranBlatioti of each stanza, is ^ven by the com-
m^itator. Another verBion in the Spanish
language has lately appeared &om the p«i of
Don Lamberto Oil.
I&tnito CaDuTfU
£ot lAisiadas de Im/s de Camoes, Traduadot
en octavo rima CasteUana per Benito CaUUra,
residente en Corte. Dirigidos al. illustriss. Se-
nor Hernando de Vega de Fonseca, Prestdente
del Consejo de la haxienda desu M.tfdeta Santa
y general inguisicion.
Con privilegio.
Im^eiso en Alcala de Henares, per Jitd Gra-
cian. Jno de M.D.LXXX.
I have been able to obtain ver; little intelli-
gence of the author of this tranalation. Nicolas
Antonio merely mentions him, in bis Biblio-
theca Hispana Nova, as being a native of Por-
tugal, land has ^ven a wrong dote to the pub-
lication.
H S
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
102 TBANSLATIOMS .
ISmfto C^Becfu
" Benedictiu Calde^ Liuitanus, verdt in Cas-
« tellanam Linguam ex Liuitana : Laa Lusiada* de
." Luis de Canutes : anno 1588. 4. complud."
The account given by Machsdo does not
afford much further information. He writes
that he was skilled in polite literature, particu-
larly in poetry; and that, quitting Portugal,
he took the order of the Eremitas de Santo
Agostinho, in the Royal Convent of St Philip
of Madrid.*
This translation is in a small quarto volume
and has a wood cut in the title representing a
soldier about to mount a horse. There are not
any notes or pa^^ng, nor are the f<dio« num-
bered.
Preceding the poem sre —
A short letter to the reader from Pedro Laynez.
Sonnets to the author by El Licenciado Gamy, —
by one of his Iriends, — by Luys de Montalvo, — by
El Maestro Vergara,>-by one of his friends; and
by the said Pedro Laynes.
■ BibliDt-Liuitan. Tom. I.p. £00.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
iO¥ THE LUSIAD. 103
Bento Cfd&era.
An aigument is prefixed to each canto, and
the Toliime ^nds :
Ed Alcala;
En Casa de Juao Gracian.
168a
A cjjpy of this scarce Tolmne ia io His Ma-
jesty's Library at Bodungham House.
Here are the following notices of it in the
bibliographic^ works : —
3547 Los Lusiadas de Luti de Camoens, pmc^
dai Poetas Portugueses, tradnzidoa en oct^a
lima Castelana, por Benit Caldera. — En Alcala
^ Henares, por Juan Gracian, ]560| in 4to.
Edition pen commune d'un Poeme fort estin>6,
dont on recherche avec aaaez hT empresse-
ment les exemplaiires. — De Bure.
Tend. 34 fr. m. r. GaignOL — Brmna, Man. p. 207.
Edition peu commune d'un Poeme fort estim^, rend
24 lir. en mar. r. chez M. de GugnaL — Diet.
BibUogr. par Vaihe Ducloi. Tom. l.p. 2S1.
h4
Dpi .?d by Google
104 TRANSLATIONS
TSmita Caiatni.
Cette e<]ition n'est pu commanei et est fort eatim4e,
20 liT. — Otmtmt Diet. Typogr. Tom. \,p. 16S. •
Edition asuz rare, 20 li«. — Foumier Nawoeau Did.
port, de Bibliogr.
No. 4633. BibL Croftuwa — sold for nine shiUinga.
No. 689. Bibl. Pinetliana — sold far the same turn.
Poesada esta tan proqicra Titoria,
buelto Alfonso a la Lusitana tierra,
a gozar dela paz coa tanta gloria
quanta gano en la fiera y duro guerra.
(O caso estrano, j digno de memoria
que del sepulchro a muertos degentierra)
a una mesquina eucceder le acierta
que rejna fue despues de ser ja muerta.
Tu solo injusto amor, tu solo, cuya
Aier^a a los coragones tanto obliga,
dista cauiB a la cruda niuerte suya
como si fuera perfida enemiga.
Si dizen fiero amor, que la sed tuya,
ni con lagrimas^tristei le mitiga,
y porque quieres aspero y tyrano
di tus aras banar en aangre humanu i
D,o,l..cihyGOO*^IC
or THK LUeiAD.
BntftD CfllQera.
HennoM lues estavaa en Kwiego,
y el friito de tu> anoa ya cogiaa
del alma en un engano alegre y ciego
que la Fortuna acaba en pocoa diaa.
En loH Campos regados del Mo°o,
aquien aqua Ilorando dar soliaa
J a lo8 mootes j y^yaa ensenaru
el nombre caro del que tantn amavat.
De tu principe alii te reapondian
las memorioB que en el se aptnentavani
que siempre ante sub ojoa te trayan
qnanda deasoa faennosoa se apartavan.
De Dodie en dulcei suenost que mentian,
De dia en pensamientos que bolavan,
J en fin quanto el penaava, y quanto via
en todo meniBriaa de alegria.
De otraa princesaa, de otras gentilezaa
los deaaeadoa talamoa no accepta,
que a todo desprecior amor te avezaa,
quanto un roatro luare te aujeta.
Vee laa enamoradaa estranezas
el Tiejo y cuerdo padre que reapeta
del teyao el munnurar, y el deariarae
A hijo ain querer nunca casarae.
D,o,i..ci by Google
106 TKAMSLATION8
Senfto Caltvra.
A Ynes sacar del muodo determina
por libertar al hijo que ella preode,
piensB con sangre de la muerte indigna
aquel fuego amatarque amor encieode.
Que furor consintio que aquella fina
espada, aque el poder no se' defiende, ,
ni el furor Moro, fuesse levantada
contra una flaca Dama d^cada.
Ya los verdugos asperoa 7 atroces
ante d Bey van, que esta a piedad movido,
mas e! pueblo con &lsas y ferozes
razoneB, le cerro el piadoso oydo.
Ella con tristea y piadosas vozes,
que de desseo y lastima ban salido,
de su principe y hijos que dexava,
que esto en grado mayor la lastimaTa.
Al cbrietalino cielo levantando
con lagrimas los ojos piadosoi,
loB ojot, que las manoe le esta atando
uno deloB ministros rigurosos.
Y despues a los ninos los baxando
tan legaladoa-della y tan hennotos,
qual madre que in perdida temia,
al aguelo cruel auai dezia.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
Si jra log brutu fieru, cuya mente
nature hizo cruel de nacimientOi
y laa ares que hao puesto Holamente
en robar por el ayre jrs gu intento.
Con pequenai criaturai no la gente
que tuvieron piadoso seDtimiento^
qiial de nino a la madre lo niMtraroti,
y a lot mofos que a Rtnna edtficaron.
Tu que de humano denes el aqtecto
(■i es de humane matar una donzella
flaca J an fuer9aj| por tener lujeto
el cora9on de quieo lupo vencella.)
A eatai criaturas ten lespecto,
puea no lo tiene* a la muerte dellai
muerate la piedadt que not dUculpa,
puea no te muere ver que eatoy un culpa,
Y n rencei la mora retistencist
muerte labiendo dar confuego y hierro,
•abe tambien dar vida con clemencia
aquien para perdella no veea yerro,
Hai n asii lo merece eats innocracia,
pon-me en perpetuo j tniiero destiem)
en Scytia fria, o ya oi la Lybia ardiente
donde en lagrimaa vira etemainente^
Do,T«jhy Google
108 TRANSLATIONS
Bmfto CalDrcEi.
Ponme do ae usb toda la cnieza
COD Tigres y Leones, y ver quiero
ri puedo hallar piedad en tal fiereza,
pues el huiaaoD pecfaa esta tan fiero
Con Ib misma de amor pura firmexa
alii criare, de aquel, por quien yo muero
estas reliquias bujbb que aqui viate
que alivio seao a la madre triste.
Qii»ia perdonarle el rey benigno,
que esta deatas palabraa lastimadoi
maa el pertinaz pueblo j au destino
{_que auBi lo quiBo) no le ban perdonado.
Las espadas de azero aacan fiuo
Job que perbueno al hecbo ban pregonado,
contra una Dama< o pechoa carniceroB,
OS mostrays fieros, bravos y guerreros.
Qual contra la hermosa Policena,
Consuelo estremo de la madre vieja
(qi;ie la sombra de Achiles la condena)
con hierro el duro Pirro ae apareja.
Ella los ojos COD que el dia aerena
(bien couio la paciente y mansa oreja)
en la madre ponieoda, que enloquece
al duro sacrificio alii ae offl«ce.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
Tal ctHitra Ynes los brutos maUdores
en aquet cuello puro que Bostiene
las obras con que amor, matd de amorei
al que despues a hazer la rejna viene.
Las espadas banando y blancss florea
que ellas regadas con sua ojos tiene,
8e encamizavan, hi erven alii ayrados
del futuro castigo deecujdados.
De la vista de aquellos bien pudieras
Sol, tu luz apartar en aquel dia,
qua! de las mesaa de Thieates fieras
J hoirendai, que a los bijos se comia.
Vos que escuchastes valles y ribera«
la voz estrema de la boca fria
d nombre de au Fedro que le oyates
por graude y largo espacio repetistes.
Bien como la flor tieraa, que cortada
antes de tiempo fue, Candida y bella
de las manoB del nino mal tratada,
que en la guinial de anduro antes con ella.
Fierde el olor, y que da marchitada,
tal la amarilla eata muerta donzella
secab las rasas de su rostto, y jda
la color pure con la dulce vida.
D,o,i..ci by Google
110 TRANSLATIONS
%asft iSmnti Dc 'Wapitu
Lu hijfls de Mondego aqndla eicara
muerte per largo tiempo la llararon,
J per memoria etenia en fuente pan
las lagrimaJ Ilorodas transformaron.
El iiombre le puneron, qv aaa Te don
4b amorea de lu Ynes, que alli pacsaroa,
mirad que fuente Tiega aquelUs flores,
que ton lagrimat aquai el nombre amaret.
3:tip0 (jSonu; oe 'iEapia.
La Lusiada de el Famoso Poeta Lays ie
Camoes. Xradtaida en verso Castellano de Por-
/ugties, por el Maestro LiofS Gomez de Tajnoj
Vezino de Sevilla. Dirigida al iUustrissimo Se-
ttor Ascanio Colona, Abbad, de Sancta Sophia.
Con privUegio, ■
En Salamanca.
En Casa de Joan Perier, Impretsor de lAbros,
ano de MDLXXX.
I cannot find any biogr^hical notice of tins
translator, whotework, in Bmall quarto, is com-
prised in 307 foliofl. It has prose arguments
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF THE LU8IAD. Ill
%IXB9 (Come; Qe Hapia.
at the commencement, and annotatjoni at tbe
end of each canto.
Following the title are —
A dedication,—" EI Maestro Francisco Sanchez,
Catedratico de prima de Rhetorica en la Univerai-
dad de Salamanca al Lector," — Eighteen Latin
Teraefl " Illiutrissimo Domino Ascanio Colona, Ab-
bati Sanctz Sophiz," and a BOtmet in Spaniih by
tbe translator, — Six Latin verses " Magister Fran-
eacoa SaoctiuB Brocensif de Magistro Luisio GomM
de Tapia Carmen," — Twelve Latin verses " Alvarus
Aodericus Zambanus de Magistro Luisio Gomez de
Tapia," — A sonnet in Italian by " El Doctor Diego
de Van^as" to tbe translator, — A cBn;on to him
by Don Luys de Gongora and Pedro de Vega, —
Sonnets in Spanish by Don Luys de Valencuela,
and by Don Alonso de Peralta, — Catalago de los
Reys, que en Portugal ha avido, desdVl primer
conde Don Enrique hasta el ano de ocbeta, en que
la mayor parte de Portugal esta subjecta a la ma-
gestad del Rey Don Fhelij^je nuestro Senoi'.
Copies of this volume, which is equally rare
with the preceding article, are in the Royal
D or .«jhy Google
IIS TKAMSLATION8
Library at Buckingfaam House; and in the col-
lection of Dom Joze Maria de Souza, at Paris.
A copy was in the library of Consul Smith,
and stands in the Bibliotheca Smithiana, 4to.
Venedis 1755. p. 87.
Camoens Luis de — ^La Lonada, tradiizida de Por-
tugues poF Luis Gomez de Tapia— en Sala m a n ca,
por Joan Perier 1580. 8. enq. en Corio.
Passada eita tan proBpera victoria,
se toma Alfonso a su queiida tierra
a gozar de la paz con tanta gloria
quanta supo ganar cod dura guerra.
Do el caso triste digno de memoria
qu' del aepulchro muertos desentierra
a la mezquina j miBera ha acaecido
qu' despues d' ser muerta reyna ha sido.
Tu lolo cruel amor con fuer;a cnida
Que al corafon humano tanto obliga
mataste 4 la de culpa y mal desnuda
Como ii fuera perfida enemiga
El que en la sed de amor pusiere duita
Porquel con el llorar no se mitit;a.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF THE LU8IAD.
tvcga (Bomei be '^Eapfa.
Sepa que aaii lo quiere eflte tyranno
For CO sangre boDar su altar prophano.
Estavaa bella Inei puesta en souiego
De tus BUM cogien el dulce fhicto
En un engano de alma elegre y ci^o
Que i la-fortunB pagado cruel tribute
En el florido Campo de Mondego
De tus hermoBM ojoB nuuca enxuto
Ensenandole al monte, al rio, el prada
El nombre q en tu pecho eata eatapado.
De tu principe alii te reipondian
Las memorias que ea el se apcMentavan
Que aiempre ante sua djps te trayan
Quando de tu« heraioBOS ee apartavan,
De noche en dulces suenos que raeutiui,
De dia en pengamientos que bolavani
Y qusnto en fin peuaava y quanto via
Era tuda memoriafi de alegria.
De otras bellas senoras y princesat
Los deueadoB thalamos no accepta
(Que no curas amor de altas empreaai
Quando ud hennoso roBtro te subjecta)
VOL. 11. I
by Google
1 14 TBAHSt-ATIOMff
I4ip0 (Some; be '^Capfs,
Vlendo laa condiciones tan aviewas
Del hijo el viejo padre que respect*
El muniiurar del pueblo y fantasia
Del hijo que camne no queria.
Quitar k Ines del muodo detennina
For librar con quitalla al hijo preso
Creyedo con su aangre y muerte iadina
Amatalle el amor y dalle aeao
Que furor consintio la eflpada fins
Que pudo siutentac el grave peso
Del bellico furor, ser levantada
Contra una flaca dama delicada.
Antes el Rey loe verdugos trae atroces
(Que estavfr de piedad ya commovido)
Mas con vaz<me» faUas y feroces
El pueblo, muera muera le ha pedido-
Ella con tristes y jHedosaa vosea
Salidas del amor que le ha tenidcr
Al principe y tos hijoa que dexava
Que mas que no la muerte le aquexava.
Al cristalino luelo levantando
Coa lagrimas loa ojos piodosoa
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
or TBI LVBtAD. . US'
%aga (EDtnej be ^Xapfa.
La agoa (que 1m muKM le «ta Xando
Una de lot mmistrM riguroMM)
Y deqiues biu hijuelos contemplando
Tan tiernoB Un queridos y mimoMW
Cuya oifJiandad quel madre temia tanto,
Al abudo cruel hizo este llanto.
Si j^a en las fieraa brutaa cuya auerte
8e coDocio cruel del nacimiento
Si en laa duraa Haipias que en la muerte
En r^)ina> j roboB traen su intento
Con ninoB y con gente nada fueite
VemoB todoa un tieroo tentimiento,
Qua] de nino en la madre te mostraro
Y en Im que la gran Roma edificaroD.
Tu que de humane tienei gesto y pecbo,
(Si de humano ea Matar una donzella
Flaca y an fiiersa, porque dio de hedM
Su Condon i quien aupo veocellm,
Detengan eatoa nietoa tu deapecho
Puefl no poede la muerte obscuia d'rils
Moverte H compaasion de ellos y mia
Viendo cemo de culpa estoy raaiB.
by Google
i IG THANSLATIOHS
%u^ <Bami} tie llCapfa.
Y si b1 veneer la dura resittencia
Lb muerte sabes dar con fuego j hienv
Sabe tambten dar^ vida con clemencia
Aquien para perdella no Uzo yerro
Mas ii ya la merece eata innocencia
Pon me en perpetuo y misero destierro
En Scythia fria, o en la Lybia ardiente
Donde en lagrimas viva etemamente.
Pon me donde el extremo de fiereza
Entre Iob TigreB pueda imaginarse
Vere si en elloB hallo maa terneza,
Que 6 loa humanos pechos pudo ballar >e-.
Alii CO grande amor (aunq en tristeza)
De aquel a quien am^ podran criarse
Estas reliquias iayaa que aqui viate
Consolacion extrema de eata triste.
Queria perdonalle el Rey benigno
Oyeado las palabras que la abonan
Mas el pertinaz pueblo (y su deatino
Que asai lo pennitio] no la perdonao
Echan mono al azero puro y fino
Los que ea^e hecho bueno aer pregonan
Contra una Oama, 6 pechos carniceroa
Ferosea os mostrays y cavallenM.
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
Qual cootra la faennosa Folycena
Consuelo solo de la madre vieja
Porque el alma de Achillea la condena
Con hierro el duro Pyrrho »e apareja,
Yella con nn mirar tiemo sereno,
(Assi como paciente j manga oreja)
Buelto el roBtro k la madre q enlcxjuece
Al duro sacrificio el cuello oflrece.
Tales contra la Ines log matadores
En el hermoeo cuello donde estava
La gracia con q amor mato de amore*,
A] que despues por Reyna la jurava
I^as eapadaa banaudo y blancas flores
Que ella con dulce Uoro antes regava
8e racarnijavan fieroe y enojadoa
Del ctutigo AituTo deacn]rdBdos.
Bien pudieras o aol la vista avieeaa
De tal hecho llevar en aquel dia
Qual de Thiestes en la horrenda meaa
Quando sua hijos por atreo comia,
Voa o concavos ralles donde impresaa
Qiiedo la toz de aquella boca fi-la
EI nombre de su Pedro que le oystes
Por espacio may largo repetistea.
I 3
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
118 TRAKSLATIOMB
Qxai la roia del campo que cortada
Antes de dempo fiie Candida j bdla
De las niHnoa lascivas maltratada
Del nino que jugar huelga con eOa
Tiene el olor perdido marchitads
Tal eBtava la palida Donzella
Sin las rosas del rostro, ya perdJda
La color blanca con la dulce vida.
Lat nymphaa de Mondego aq Bta obacura
Muerte por largo tiempo la lloraron
Y per memoria eterna en fiiente pun
Laa lagrimae lloradai tranafonnaron
El nombre te pusieron, que auD le dura
Doe Amorea de IneB, que alii paBMron»
Mirad que fiiente riega el prado y flares,
Do lagrimat >o aqua, el nombre Amorea.
^mxiqat (Earce0.
Lot JJusiadas de Zm/s de Camoes, Tradtixidot
de Portugues en Castellano por Henrique Oarces.
Dirigidos a Pkilippo motiareha primero de las
Espanas, y de las Indias.
En Madrid. Impresso con licencia en Casa de
QmUermo Droi^, empressor de li^os, ano 1591.
D,o,i..ci by Google
OF THB LD8IAD. l]d
Of Houique Garces, who -was a native of
Oporto, and who emjgrateil to the Spanish
colonies, we have the following account given
by Nicolas Antonio.*
" Heiuricns Garcez, Lusitanus, Partueofiu, fizo
•■ apod AmericM in Refpa Urbe Peniaoi regni
" donuciliOf vertendii in vernaculum Castella ser-
" monem Francisci ilUus Petrarclue, Italicoriun va-
" torn coripluei, venibuB non infeliciter incubuit;
" ]<nige tamen ab Hispania, vereque a patria caUi-'
" gadorii still ac lingiue poeitus, dictionifl puritateta
" per^inis qnibiudam e trivioque detuniptis verbis
** coirapit, quamquam vi insurgat frequenter poeti-
" ca. Hbc libri inHcripda est :
" Lot Sonetot y Cancionet del Poeia Francisco
*• Petrarcha. Matriii 1591. in i. ne Galtice tan-
" turn, opera Philippi de Maldeghem Brugengia,
" loqueretur. Veitit item e Luaitaoa linguS) cantex-
** «u lib! e sununis Parnasti verticibiu Iwiream :
" Lat Lmnadas de Camoem en otawu CatteUo'
" tmt. Matriti in eodem anno in 1. Item vulgarein
" fecit pedestri oratione Tjtiniim Francisci Patritii
■ BiblkKbccs Hiipanft NovK. Tum. 1. p.563.
1 4
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
IzO TBANSLATIONS
^mcfque <Cartf0«
" Del Reyno y de la Iiutitudon del que An de
** reynar." Ibidem eodem anno in 4.
The title to this volume, which is printed in
small 4>to., is followed by a grant of the King,
^ving the exclusive right to Garces, therein
mentioned as residing at Lima, in Peru, to
publish his translation for ten years; he having
in his petition prayed for such privilege for the
term of twenty years. The grant is dated the
31st January, 1591. This grant, and the usual
licences, are succeeded by-~
Two Soiuiete to Philip the Second— by a Sonnet
in praise of Garces, by Diego de Aqtiilar, to which
is added, a " Respuesta." The following Sonnet
by the Translator, and a list of Errata.
De Buyo aunque ser suelen estimados
loB hazanosos hechos Lusitanos,
de oy mas mostraran brios mas ufanos
en verse de tal musa celebradoa.
Mas porque no quedassen sepultados
hechos y versos tanto soberanos
en solo Portugal, mis toscas manos
los dan al nuevo mondo trosladados.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF THE I.U8IAD. ISl
^mrfque (Bauced.
Temor tengo diran ser ora^ia,
bolver de un grave cedro Ids Csmonea
en camas de liviano y floxo alisO) '
Y mucho mas de una Enciclopedia
como esta, que de si Luje dar nos quiio
digaoi quel zelo anuila essos Baldones.
The title, grant, licences, sonnets, &c. are
contained in S unnumbered pages. The poem
occupies 18S folios. On the last of which is
En Madrid
En Casa de Guillenno Druy (not Drouy)
Impressor de libroa
ana 1591.
To this information, may be added, from
Machado,' that the greater part of his life
was spent in the service of Spain, that he held
an office under the government at Peru, re-,
lating to the coinagie of the silver money, and ■
that after the death of his wife he became a
Canon in the Cathedral of Mexico.
■ BiUiot. Luntan. Tom. il p. 1«8.
D,o,l..ci by Google
182 TBANSLATIOHS
^encfqut (Eomtf.
llie tnuuladon of Garces is thus mendoned
by Antonio dos Reys :—
Inferiora loco positos despectat olentis
Aiboris iacinctus folio Garceaus Ibero
Carmine Liuiadas reddebat numinia aare
Auscultante sonos Bvidfi.
Eflthu*. Poet. p. 150.
A copy of thb rare volume is in the library
of James Ctooden, Esquire. On extracting
from it the specimen for this work, it was di^
covered, t^t an entire stanza was wanting.
Passada esta tan proepera victoria,
y AUbnso el Portugues buelto a su tierra,
para gozar la paz con tanta gloria
quanta supo ganar siempre en la guerra :
el caso infando e digao de niemoria
que del hoyo los nmertoi deBentterra,
acontescio en la triste y desdichada
que muerta fiie por Reyoa coronada.
D or .«jhy Google
OT THX LDHAD.
^mtfque iStsvcoi.
Ttt lolo Amor cod tu dorada puya,
que al cora;on humano Aiui fetigft
diate f^iuft a ta trieto muerte auya
como ti fuera perfida enemiga :
Si dizen fiero Amor que la sed tnya
ni C(Hi lagrimaa trutes se mttiga:
como quierai hartar la en aangre humsna
DO vee qiiea e«o hazer tu sed tynam I
Eatauas linda Inee puesta en aoanego
de tiu anoH cogiendo dulces irutoa*
con un engano de alma ledo f ci^O,
que a la fortuna da tarn bien tribuloa ;
En loa fioridoB campos de Mond^o
de tu« hermosos ojog nunca inxulosi
a laa yeruas y florea refiriendo
el Dombre del qu 'estauaa atendiendo.
De ta Principe ally te reapondian
las memorias que I'alma le arrancauaDt
que siempre ante sua ojoi te traian^
ai a caso dessoe tuyoa «e ^>artauaii :
De noche en dulcea euenos que meotiaii.
de dia en penaamieatoa que bolauan ;
en fin quanto pensaua, y quanto via
memorias eran puras de alegria.
D,o,i..ci by Google
134 TRANSLATIORS
^enrfque (Bam0.
De otras giandea eenoras e princeias
loa ofirescidoa talamos no acepta,
que ante! amor »i es puro no ay graodezaa
si a rostro alguno blando ae subjecta :
Miranda el padre en estas eatranezas
como viejo, y tambien porque reepecta
al murmurar del pueblo que dezia
qu'el priucipe jatnas ae casaria.
Sacar a Ines del mundo determiqa,
por libertar al hijo que ve preso,
creyendo que con este muerte indigna
harit qu, el bijo quede menos leso :
Que gran furor, querer que aquella fina
eipada que sostuuo el grave peso
del Mauritano horror sea empleada
en una 9aca dama y delicada
Traian la las manos camiceraa
al Rey que era a piedad ya commouido,
mas conrazones poco verdaderas
ie ban de su pio intento divertido :
Ella con baxas bozee lastimeras
causadas del dolor que le ha traido
ver los chiquitos hijoa que dexaua,
y al principeno ver, que tanto amava.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF THE LDSIAD.
At soberano cielo levanUodo
con lagrimOB los ojos (quan piadoaos)
los ojoS) que las manos le iua ataado
uno de loa ministroe rigurosoB,
J con ellos los hijos rodeando
tan regalados de antes e mimosos,
de cuyo desamparo ya tenia
hazia el abuelo crudo anai dezia.
Tu que de hujnano denes el aspecto
(d es humaiio, matar Bin maa querellft
a una flaca muger, per que subjecto
el pedio tiene a quieu aupo vencella :■)
A estos chicoi si quiera ten respecto
que quederan sin madre y sombra dells:
a piedad te commueua suya y inia,
la falta de la culpa <fa' en mi hauia.
Diollr^dhyGOOglC — ^
126 TRANSI^TIOirfl
^tttdtpu (Career
Si renciendo la Maura renstencia
la muerte aabea dar con fuego e hierro,
deprende a dar la vida con demencia
a quien para morir no ha hecha jeno :
Y si baatante no ea eita innocencui
pan me en perpetuo e miaero dutierro,
alia en la Scythia elada, o Lybia ardiente .
do riua lame&tando etemamente.
Pon me en donde maa k tue la fiereza,
entre ossos, y entre tygrea, por veatura
en ellos hallare de la temesa
que no faalla en ty mi auerte amarga y dura :
Ally COD amor tiemoi y con firmeza
en aquel por quien pasao muerte eacura
diar^ sua reliquias que aqui viaiet
conuido desta madre Bola y triste.
Ya Be iua algo ablandando el Rey benigno,
Commouido de oyr lo que razona :
maa el pertinaz pueblo o su destino
(que eato deuio de ser) no le perdona ;
y arrancau las espadas sin mas tino
(que ally por bueno et pecho se pr^ona)
contra una dama, o pechos camioeros,
diQHifados en boo de cauallenw i
D,o,i..cihvGooj^le
OF THE LUSIAD.
Qool quando el crado Fyrrho te aparejs
con hieiTo para contra Folicena
(cooBuelo de la madre affiicta j Tiqa)
que la aombra de Achilles la Gand«ia:
Maa ella como bumilde y mania oaeja
lo8 ojoa* con qu'el aire reasaerena .
dauadoa en la madre (que enloquesce
en rerla tal) el cuello al hierro oflietce.
Ansi de Ines los brutos matadores
en aquet cnello qu'en u BOBteDia
el roBtro con que amor matd de amoras
a quien deques corona le ponia :
Banando las eipadas j laa florea
que con BUS ojog ya banado hauia,
s'encarnifauan feruidos y airadoi
del futuro castigo descuidadoa.
Bien pudieras 6 Sol ewoa celestes
tuB rajos apartar en aquel dia,
como heEute en la mesa de ThieBtes
quando a bub proprios hijos se comia :
Mejor lo heziste tu o blando Argefta
que cogiendo de aqnetla boca fria
el nombre de su Pedro, que lo oyste
por un buen rato ally lo n
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
I
128 TRANSLATIONS
^n HamlimD (Sil.
Como la fresca rosa que cortada
t antes de tiempo fue para cont^ito
de nina, y della siendo mal (ratada
pierde el fresco color en vin momento :
Tal ee moatrava aquella desdicbada
despues del golpe atroz Banguinolentp, ,
del rostro la frescura despedida
J loB TITOS matizes con la vida.
Las hijag 4el MoDdego aqueata eacura
muertei por mucho tiempa lameDtaron, I
y por memoria desta desuentura
las lagrimaa en fiiente transfonnaron i
J d DombK ae le did, que aun o; le dura
de los amores dulcea que gozaron i
uirad quale« serSn aqui laa £ores
pues lagrimae sod I'aqua, el nmsbre atnores.
SDoti %tanbem <BH*
Poesias de Zatis de Camoens.
Los iMsiddas Poema Epico de JLuis de Camo-
etu que tradfyo al Castellano Don Lamherto Gil,
Penitenciario en el real Oratorio del Cabdlero
de Gracia de esta Corte. Madrid. 1818.
Imp-enia de D. Miguel de Burgos.
Do,T«jhyGoc">j^le
OF THE LUSIAD. 129
a>on Xambens (SfU
The foregoing is die title to the first Tolume,
vhich was printed, &nd issued by itself, in 8vo.
It contains a prologue — a life of Camoene —
Joicio Critico — sn account of the voyage by
Goma — and the first five cantos of the Lasiad,
with some notes.
The two other volumes were published in the
same year. The second volume contains the
remidnder of the Luriad ; and in the third is a
prologue, followed by " Poesias varias 6 Rimas
de Luis de Camoeng" being a selection of the
minor poems with notes.
Pasada esta tan prdspera victoria,
totnando Alfonso k su querida tierra,
& gozar de la paz con tanta gloria
cuanta supo ganar con dura guerra ;
el caao triste y digno de memorio,
que a) vivo espanta y al difunto atierra,
& una infelice sucederle acieita,
que reina fu6 despues de ser ya muerta.
■■ jTpi-%«j\i,.Gocij^le
)0 TBAM8LAT10MS
JDon %amism (SO.
Ttj BolO) I oh puro Amor 1 t& solo, cajM
fiierza & los corazonea tanto oUigOi
diBte causa £ la cruda muerte atija
como si fuera p^rfida enemiga.
Si diceoi fiero Amor, que la sed tuy a
nt con Ittgrimas tristes se mitiga,
es porque quJeres ; oh deidad tiiana!
till altares banar cod sangre humana.
Estabas, bella laes, puesU en souq^
y el dulce fruto de tu edad cogiasi
c(Ki un englno de alma alegre y aego
^ ^ue habia de durar mui pocos dias.
En la fiorida reg& de Mtndego,
que regar con tua tigrimas soUas,
le badas repetir al monte j prado
el nombre que ea tu pecho eOi grabado-
De tu prfncipe altl te regptrndian
las memorias que el alma le Uenaban,
y presente & bus ojos te traian
Siempre que de los tuyos se apartaban :
de noche en dulces su^nos que menttan,
de £a en pensamientos que volabau;
y en fin cuanto & peniaba y cuanto via,
an todo memorias de al^rfa.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OP THE LttBIAD.
a»n fLmAvno <Btl.
De la dama mas bdla 7 mas amable
el deseado t£lamo no aceta :
pnes amor todo la bace despredable
si i un bello rostro al hombre lo Bujeta.
^tmiiderando el padre inexorable
cu£nto murmura el pueblo, & quien re^ieta
y el obBtinado empeno y fantasia
del bijo, que casarse no qtieria :
Sacar & Ines del mundo determina
por Ubertar al hija en su amor preao :
espeTando con muerte tan indina
matar su firme smor, y darle seso.
Qu£ furia cDasuiti6, que espada fina,
capaz de sustentar el grave peso
del furor Moro, fuese levantada
contra una dama Tr^gil, delicada i
Ys los verdugos fisperos y atroces
la praaentan al Rey yk entemectdo :
mas con razones 6dsas y feroces
el pueblo le cerrd el piadoso vido.
Ella con tristea y piadosas voces
nacidaa del amor que habia tenido
al prindpe y los bijos qne dejabai
que esto mas que la muerte la angustiaba ;
K 3
. Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
}2 TRANSLATIONS
Al cifllo ciistalino lerantando
con Ugrimu los ojos amorasOB,
toi ojoi, pues las numos le iba atando
uno de im ministroB rigurosoa ;
J despues sua hijuelos contemplaudo
tan tiernoa, tan queridos, tan hermoaoa,
Glial madre que au p^rdida aentia,
al abuelo cruel aat decia :
** Si hasta las fieraa brutaa, cuya ntente .
hiEO natura cruel de nacimiento,
y laa areat nacidas solamente
para buscar matondo su alimento,
COD ninos deavalidoa, vifi la gente
que han tenido piavoso sentimiento ;
coma con Semirfimia lo mostr£roTi,
y CMi los doe que & Roma edific^ron ;
Tfi, que de humano tienes el aspeto
(ai de humano ea matar una doncella,
porque & au ardiente amor eatti aujeto
el pecbo que logr6 rendirla i ella],
de eatoa ninoa aiquient ten Tespeto,
yi que no te hace mi desgrada mella :
mutate la piedad que nos diacuJpa,
puea no te muere el rer que eatoy sin culpa.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
or THK LU8IAD.
a»n Hambecto (Efl.
T St £ la tnlBme mora resiatencia
!• muerte ubea dar con fuego j hierro ;
Sabe tambiea dar vida con clemencia
i quien para perderla no hizo jeno.
0) n te lo merece mi innocencia,
pjjnme en pnpetuo j misero deaderro,
alia en la Eedtia fria, 6 Libia ardiente,
donde en t jgrimai viva etemamente.
P&nrae do mayor sea la fiereza:
6 entre leonea j dgret: pues jro eepero,
que en elloB he de ballar m^os dureza,
que en este pueblo atroz j carnicero.
Alii, amaado constante y con firmeza
al principe adorado por quien muero,
criar^ estoa sua hijosi que aqu! vistei
consudo extreme de una modre triate."
Querfa perdiHiarIa el Key beniao,
que esta da estas polabnu lastimado ;
mas el pueblo enconado, 6 su deatino
que a si lo quiso, no la ba peidonado.
Echan mano al acero puro y fino
loB que por bueno dan este atentado :
{ contr* una dama, pechm caroiceros,
querela moatrwoa bravos y guerreros i
D,o,i..ci by Google
S* TBAH8LAT10NS
a)on lUmbertD (BfU
Coroo contra la hennosa Polixena
(porque el alma de Aquile* inhumana
i no debida muerte la condena)
Pirra alz6 coa furor ta mano insaiut ;
mientras ella de amor y candor llena,
dbnusando a su triete madre andana
que con el caso acerbo le enloqnece,
al duro Sacrificio el cuello ofrece :
Afll de Ines los brutos matadorea
en el ebdmeo cuello (donde estaba
la gracia con que amor mat6 de amore*
al que decpues por reina la juraba)
So acero banan y las blancas floret
que COD Bu proprio Danto ella r^aba :
y «e encaniizan fgrridos y urados,
del futuro cBstigo descuidadoa !
De escena tan atroz, S<d, bien pudieras
los ojos apartar en aquei dio,
cual de las meBos de tieste fieras,
cuando sua propioa hijos le comia 1
Vos ; vaOeBi que escachasteis los postrenu
vocea que articul6 »a boca fria,
el nombre de don Pedro, que le tiateisi
por etpacio mui largo r^>etbteU.
D,o,i..cihyGooj;le
OF THI LD8IAD. 1S5
9Don Hambmo (dfl.
Como row del campo, que cortida
antea de tiempo &16, dindids j bella,
Siendo por la mudutcha maltratada,
que la cabeza te adom6 con ella,
pierde el olor j queda ttmrchitada:
tal estaba la palida doncella,
Mh laa roeas del roitro, j yu perdida
la blancura adininible cod la vida.
Lat hijas de Mond^O) aquella oscura
muene por miicho tiempo la Uoraron ;
y por memorift eterna, en fuente pura
las lagriinai lloradaa tranaformaron ;
J el norobre le puui^ron, qoe auo le dura,
de amores de su Inee que altl paatiiroD
Mirad qu^ fuente riega aquellaa Sores>
puet es el agua llanto, el nombre amorei 1
IN THE ITALIAN LANOUAaE.
' There had been, according to several autho-
rities which have been stated, three translations
in the Italian language, previous to the ^)pcar-
ance of the version by Nervi. Two of these
have been published; but with respect to the
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
1S6 TRANSLATIONS
Carlo SLntonia ^aesi*
third, which if it existed at all, was in MS.
snd has most probably perieiied, I have not
been able to obtain any information. It is
mentioned by Manoel Correa so early as the
year 161S.
Carlo antonfo ^asst
Lasiada Italiana di Carlo Antonio Paggi,
twbile €enovese, Poema Ueroico del Grande
Jjuigi de Camoes Portogkese Prencipe de" Poeti
delle Spagne. Alia Santita di nostra Signore
Papa Alessandro Settimo. Lisbona, am tutte le
licenze. Seconda impresiione emendata dagV er-
rori trascorsi nella prima. Per Henrico Va-
lente de Oliueira. 1659.
This yolume, in 12mo, is the second edition
of Paggi's translation, and has a frontispiece
representing iams leading fortii the poet, who
is crowned with laurel, and holds a book in his
band. The remainder of the picture is intend-
ed to explain the fidelity with which the trans-
D,o,i..ci by Google
OP THE LDSIAD. 13?
Carlo jamonfo ^ags^.
latiofl has heea made. On a BcroU at the top
is LusiADA Italiana di Carlo Ant. Paggi;
9tid on two others b^ieadi are Nec simit
ACCEPTUH & Nec bisit esse heum;
The first edition is said, by Nicolas Antonio,
to have been printed in 1656. " ttmi Carolas
Paggiu3, Genuensii, Alexandro Papa VII. nun-
CUpatantf Menrici Valentis de Oliveira typis anno
1656. Olitipone edidit cum vitee auctoris ele-
gante compendia."* This date must he errone-
ous, as the dedication to Alexander is thus,
" Lisbona il piimo Aprile 1658." I am in-
clined to think that there is not any material
iliifer^ce in the two editions, except the date
in the title page.
The dedication to' Alexander VII. follows
the titl^ and in it, amongst other complimen-
taiy expressions to that pontifl^ the author
writes, " That fortune, as unkind to Camoens
wh^i alive, as she was boiignant to him after his
d«tth, could not display h^r favour more fully
* BibL Hup. Nora, torn iL p. 26.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
138 TBAN8LATIONB
€ttClo Siaxania ^assU
than by Italy adoptiDg his poem uhder the
most felicitous auspices of his Holiness ; nor
could &me more opportunely awaken this new
Virgil than to the notice of a new Augustas, at
whose burth the Muses were re-bom, by whose
taloits the academy was regenerated, and in
whose mouth the Italian language might exult
at being so beautiful."
In another dedicatioD of hia translation "AH'
lUostrissimo e Rererendissimo Signore mio Os-
serrandi^simo Mcnsignore Giacomo Fransone,
Tesoreiro Generate di Santa Chiesa," Pa^
gives a short sketch of the character and his-
toiy of Camoens ; and in a third, " AH' H-
Instrisramo Sign. Gio. Geoigio Guistimano,
he states his residoice in Portugal; and the
consideration that versions had appeared in
Latin, Spanish, and French, was the chief cause
of his undertaking. He then details at some
length, the life of the poet, and laments bis
miserable end.
'I]he dedications are followed by various s<»-
nets, by eulog^ums in Latin by Joao Scares de
Brito and Francisco de Macedo, and by the
uvual Licences.
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
or THE LtiaiAS. 139
Cado Slnamio passi-
The diaracter of this translation, or at least
the estimaUon in which it was held in Usbon
at the tiihe it i^peared, will be hest shewn by the
Licence, granted by Doctor Antonio Barbosa
Bacellar.
" Vi com toda a atten;ao a traducfao da Lusiada
de Luis de Camoes, composta em outaua rima Itali-
ana por Carlo Antonio Paggi Genou^s. A versao be
fieli & feliz, o estilo alto, claro, & terso, a locugaS
casta & heroica; de sorte que se nao acha diminuido
o Poema de Luis de Canioet;, nem na elegancia, dem
na magestade. Sera convenieate, que se imprima
nao id para honra do traductor, & gloria do tradu-
sido, senoo tambem para credito de Portugsj, &
inueja de Italia ; It^rem pois as academias daqueJlea
R^nos, priocipados, Sc Respublicas em o proprio
idioma que por rezes terao admirado no douo, no
Ladno, no Frances, & no Hespanhol; & seja o
Poema de Luis de Camoes tao g^rali & commun em
todas as linguas, como ha de Bar vnico, & singular
em todas as idades. Lisboa 26 de Julbo de']6j8.
" Antonio Basbosa BACBLLAa."
Dpi .?d by Google
1 fO TRAMSLATIOH8
Caila atatanio l^avfff.
Copies of the second edition of Paggi's tran»-
latioa are in the British Museum, in the libraiy
of Mr Heber, and in the collection of bopbs
relating to Camoens, made by the author ttf
these memoirs.
At Mr Croft's sale, a copy of the second
edition, No. 4,634, brought seven shillings.
Pdi di queata si prospera vittoria
Tornato Altbcso a la paterna terra
De la pace a goder cotanta gloria,
Quanta acquistd oe la si dura guerra,
II caao tristO) e degna di memoria,
Ch'i sepolti rauiua, e diuDterra
. Succedeo de la misera, e tneschina,
Che doppo morte diuenUi Reina.
Td solo Amori t&, che con cruds forza
Tironneggi 9 voler, violenti il core,
I^ cagio sei, cl s quei bei lumi imorza
Fero, inaodito, & infemal furore.
Se ne di calde lagrime si smorza,
DicoD) tua scte, 6 di^ietato Amore,
Ei solo auien perche. dranno vuoi
^larsi di sangue human gl' altari tuoi.
D,o,i..rt,. Google
OF THE LUSIAD. H
Cado jantonfo INrof*
Staui godendo Ines cod dolce quiete
De'tuoi Terdi anni il pid so&ue initto ;
Dolci fascini d'alma, vltime mete
Del piacer, che di breue occupa Q lutto.
n campo sol le fiamme tue secrete,
Di Modego, hor per ti pifi nuca asciatto,
VedeB) metre spiegaui a I'herbe, e a'fiori
L'amato nome, i tuoi fedeli amori.
lui ti rispondean del Prence amante
Le rimembranzei che trahea nel petto.
Per cui sepre eri a gl'occhi Buoi dinite,
Quando andar da ti luge era coatretto.
Di pensier tutto il dl la mente errante
Colmo, e la notte di dolci obre U letto;
Tutti in fin auoi penBieri, ogni suo bene
Eran memorie di letitia piene.
Prencipesse poteoti, e per bellezza
Degne d'ogni alta Htima egli rigetta ;
Opnt d'Amor, ch'ogni altro be digprezse
L'alma che a iidoloe brioriue soggetta.
n padre, a cui pili gtaue £ la vecchiezza
Per gl'htmenei) c'bomai pifi no aspeta,
De I'oatinato amate^ e perche sente
Jl popol suo, che mormora altamente.
D or .«jhy Google
t2 TRANBLATIOMS '
€m[o SIntonio J^at^u
Di dar mdrte ad lues in fin dectioa,
Per Pietro liberar, ch'ella tien preso ;
E col sangue di morte empiai e ferins
Crede amoTzar cost gran foco acceso.
Che furor consentio, che coc! fina
Spada, die sostenere il graue peio
Potd del furor Mauro, bora aia alzata
Gontro vna debil Dama, e delicata i
Traheano Ines camefid feroci
Diazi al R£, die gU moMO era k pietade ;
Metre il popol con detti e ialii, e atroci
Di nouo a morte cruda il persuade.
Ella con triste, e lagrimose voci,
Cui di laaciar ne I'in^tile etade
I figli, e I'amoroflo auo coiuorte
Pesa assai pili, che no la propria mvrte,
Iftuersol ddo i Buoi b^li occhi alzado,
Quaoto Didli di pianto anco pietoea ;
Gl'ocdiii poiche le man venia legando
Vn de'duri ministri, e rigoroii ;
Posda i figtini teneri mirando,
Cari del seno buo parti atnortiti,
Ch'in tanta or&niti restar Tedea.
VolU a I'auo cnidel coef dicea.
D or .«jhy Google
OF THE LUSIAD.
Caito :amonf(i ^asgi.
Se le fere seluaggsi a la cui mente
Insegnd d'esser crude il nascimento ;
£ se gl'agretti augei, die lolameiite
N6 I'aeree r^ine hanno I'intento,
Co'teneri tjambin furo souente
Viste mansue&re il BeDtimento,
Come gia in Seinirainide mostraro,
£ ae i fratel, che Roma edificaro.
O td, che humano il ■eDtimento, e'l petto
Hai, se humano d il ferire rna dozdla^
Debolet inermei e sol perche ricetto
E del cor di colui, cui viue ancelU.
A quetti pargoletti habbi riipetto,
Poiche no Thai de I'empia sorte d'ella ;
Mouati la piet£ di mi, di loro,
Poi nS d'cBsi, n£ mie le colpe foro.
E se in pugnar con tutta Africa Toita
Di dure morti insanguinar ti sai,
A chi colpa non h£, per cui la vita
Perdei deg^Bi donarla anco laprai.
' Pur se dee mia innoceza andar punita,
' Pommi cola, doue per sempre i rai
Kega il Sole a lo Scita, 6 ne t'ardente
Libia, one in piato lo liua etemsmete*
D,o,i..ci by Google
H TRANBLATIONB
Cotlo amonfo l^amir.
Potnini dooe non hi, che feriude
Di leoni, e di tigri, one io Tedr6,
Se tone i seiui lor moiia a pietade,
Che ne grhuomini il cielo a mi negd.
La per amor di quel, che mia leallade
'Conosce, e per cui ^noro, educarft
Quests reliquie sue (misera vista)
Che refrigerio iian di madre trials.
GH da tai detti intenerito il core
Del Rd benigno era al perdoo piegato ;
Mb il popol pertinace, & il rigore
Non le perdona del suo acerbo fato.
Le spade gii color traggoDo fuore,
Ch'ii tsl fotto per buono ha comedato^
Contro vna Dama, 6 petli camiciert,
Vi mostrate feroci, e caualieri i
Qual contro de la vei^in Polissenai
Vltimo alliuio de la madre cara,
Ferche d'Achille a miljgar la pens
Sceda gia Pirro il duro acciar ptepara.
Ma il dolce guardo ella, ch'il del serena
Volto a la madre, che di doglia amant
Impazza, e come agnella vsa a tacere
Al dura aacrificio il collo offere.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF THE LU8IAD. 145
Codo Himnlo ^assi*
Tal contro Ine« le tcelerate spade
Nd coUo alabutrio, ch'era soategno
Di quell'opre, ode Amor fd ch'arde, e ca de
D'amor quel, che dipoi I'asBuse al regno
Quel bianchi fior de ]'humide rugiade
Di sue lagrime aspersi (6 caso iudegno)
Fan del aangue di lei vermigli, e scuri,
NS Ban, c'hara dii sue yendette curl.
Poc«ui bene, ii Sol, toe luci meste
Celare al mondo in quelle dlspietato
Come ne I'empia mensa di Thieate,
Dal crudo Atreo de'figli suoi cibato.
Voi, 6 concaue valli, che poteste
Del freddo labro vdir I'vltimo fiato,
Chefti il euo caro Pietro, inTOstri spechi
Lunga fitagione il ripeteste in Echi.
Quel fior succinto al mattutino albore
Da pura man. di tenera donzella,
Se malmenato i poi perde 1' adore,
E la forma dl pria Candida, e bella :
Coif coatei, ne le cui luci Amore
I suoi etrali accedea, gia no par quella ;
Dal bel yiao, oue Amor le hauea copose,
Cadono t gelMHuln, cadmi le rose.
VOL, II. L
Dpi .?d by Google
116 TRANSLATIONS
Le Ninfe vn longo andar Is morte acura
In Mondego (?Ines rammemororo
Col piato, e per memorie in fumte purs
De le lagrime piante il rio fomutco.
Dierole nome, e aoco hoggi il nome dun
De gl'amori d'Ines, ch'iui pasEaRi ;
Vedi cbe fresca fonte irriga i fiori,
Cui BO lagrime I'scque, il noiae Amori.
janonHmouiet.
La Lusiade o sia La Scoperta deUa Indie
Orientalijatta da' Portogkesi de Lmgi Camoens
Chiamato per la sua excellenza II Virgilio di
PortogaBo Scritta da esso celebre autore nella
sua lingua naturale in oltava rima, ed ora ndh
stesso metro tradotia in Italiano da N. N. Pie-
montese, insieme con un ristretlo deUa vita del
medessimo autore, e can gli argomenti aggiuitti
al Poeina da GianfraTtcesco Barreto. Torino
1772. Presso li FrateUi Reycends UhrcQ in
Principio di contrada nwxa.
^— — multoique per uiikm
Embant *cti fads, Hsiis omnia drcum.
hyGxioj^le
This Tolnme in 12ino. consists of 304 pa^^
and is dedicated " Al Nobilissimo ed ornatissi-
mo Cavaliere it Marchese D. Salvatore Pez di
Villamarina."
There are a few notes at the foot of some of
tlie pages, and each canto is preceded by an
•igoment in verse.
The dedication is followed by an advertise
Bifflit from the translator to the reader.
" Amongst the various other celebrated works
" of the Portuguese poet, Luis de Camoens. con-
" Btsting of sonnets, canzonets, elegies, eclogues,
" odes, comedies, &c. after the manner of his coun-
'* try, the most remarkable is certainly his Lusisd,
" a poem, in fact, so well managed, that it not
" only gained the praise of the renowned Torqiiato
" Tasso, but having also excited the admiradon of
•< the' most enlightened countries; its author was,
" by universal consent, distinguished by the proud
" title of the < Prince of Portuguese Poets,' and
<* by the still more honourable one of the ' Virgil
" of Portugal.' Of this, his admirable heroic com-
" position, which was first published towards the
*■ close of the sixteenth century, many translations
L 2
D,o,i..ci by Google
" were produced. In the following centilry, four
' in the Castilian tongue, which are deemed by
' the Portuguese as unauccessfiil, one in French,
'*^ another in Latin heroic verBei and one in Italian,
'* in * ottava rima' appeared, and lastly, in the year
' 1735, a French prose translation issued from tbe
* Parisian press, the work of M. du Perron de
* Cesters, embellished with eleven engravings.
" It was, at this time, that the translation which
' I now present to the public, was comment^,
' without any knowledge of another having been
* so recently published, and so well executed ; nor
' had I any information, until my version was con-
* ^derably advanced, respecting those which had
' preceded me in this imdertaking.
" The Italian translation, published at Lisbon, in
' 1658, by Signer Carl-Antonio Paggi, a noble
' Genoese, had I been apprised of it, would most
' certainly have prevented my adding so unneces-
' sarily to the number. However, since my work
' is done, I flatter myself that I shall not incur the
' displeasure of our Italian Literati, if I place it in
' competition with those which have preceded it,
' and particularly with the Italian and modem
' French translations. From this measure they
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF THE LUSIAD. 149
*■ may examine the merits of the respective worltB,
" and form their judgment accordingly.
" The Italian tnuislatione are both written in
" ottava rima, which is the metre used by Camoeng;
■' and which of the two versionB u rendered with
" most fidelity, must be decided by comparing them
" with the originaL
** Tlie success of M. du Peiron Castera, whoi in his
" prelace iofonns us, that he was induced to write
" in prose, because the shacldes of verse are inimical
" to liberty of expression, and that verse is a species
" of tyranny which usurping our thoughts, and fixing
" them upon the Tersification, makes ua lose sight
" of the original, must also be compared and ascer-
" tained by those who are skilled in the three lan-
< guages. I do not, however, pretend that my traiis-
* lation is scrupulously literal, because I certainly
' deem myself incompetent to such a performance,
' but I would wish the reader to be persuaded, that
* in it, my constant endeavour has been, not to de-
* part from the spirit of the Portuguese author.
' For this purpose, I have precisely followed him
* from < otiava to ottava,' although I confess, that
* in certain passages, without wandering far from
' him, I have pennitted myself to change some ex-
L 3
, D,o,i..ci by Google
150 T&ANfiLATIONB
" pteiaionB for othen, which appeared to be b^ter
*' suited to the style of the Italian langu^e. In
" fine, such as my work is, I offer it to the public,
" and shall proceed to transpose into our idiom, an
" abridgment of that life of its celebrated author,
" which u written in Portugueee in the volume
" from which my translation was made."
Notwithstanding what this author states, we
are informed in the " Discimo preliminar" to
the octavo edition of 1782, that in point of
fidelity, the translation of Paggi is much pr^
ferable to that of the anonymous author, who
is therein supposed to have been the Count
Laurreanni, for some time a resident at Lisbon.
The ill success of this writer is, however, partly
accounted for, by bis having made use of a
faulty •riginal.
In the short life which precedes the poon, it
is stated, that Camoens was bom in 1517.
A copy <^ this translation is in his Majesty's
' library at Buckingham House, to which I had
access in 1817, and I was afterwards indebted
to the kindness of a friend for that in my pos-
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF THfi LU8IAD. 151
sescdon, which he took the trouble to purchase
fi>r me at Turin.
Ma tomiamo ad Alfonso. Una vittoria
SI graude poich^ ott^uie, alia sua t«rra
Si restitut ben carico di gloria
Per riposarvi dope un' aspra guerra.
Ma ua caso acerbo, e degno ^ merooria.
Di lei) die i morti sdoglie di aotterra,
Accadde a una beltade peregrJna,*
Che ndla tomba fu faUa regina.
Tu udo amor crude), che ognor I'impero
Eserciti sul cuore degU amaati
Aache innocenti, barbaro, e severo,
Tu foeti la cagion de' nostri pianti.
ImplacabH tiraim'o.acerbo, austero
Non eoDO no le lagritne baatanti
A Bajdard. Su gli altari tuoi.
Olocausd di aangue anche tu vooi.
Vezzoaa Agnese, tu che il ddce frutto
D^U anni giovanili sul Mondego,
* Donoi Agnesc De Cutia.
L 4
„-.«jhy Google
152 TBAN8LATIONS
anonpmousf.
DeHe Ittgrime tue non anco awiutto
Godevi, fortunata (io non lo d^o)
Viresti un tempo ; ma cangiotBi io lutljo
Ben presto il tuo [nacer, quando, ah vi spj
Andavi repUcando all' erbe, e ai fiori,
Qual sia 1' oggetto de' miei casti amori!
Quando il teaero tuo sposo adorato,
Sebben da te lontano, ognor presente
T' avea nel cuor, e tanto era infiammato
Dt tet die ognor si dipingeva in mente
La cara immago tua ; onde al suo lato
O desto fosse, o pur soavemente
Cbiudesse i lumi al sonno, Ituinghieri
Ti figuravan sempre i suoi penaieri.
Di principesse illustri il aoda augusto
Costante ei ricusd sol per tuo amore ;
Che quando e divenuto amor robustOt
.A froute dd placer nan cura onore.
Ma D vecchio genitor rigido ingiueto
Sol per consiglio altrui, pien di Furore
SfogoBsi CDUtro te, che ben sapea
De' rifiuti del prence esser la rea.
D,o,i..(i by Google
OF THE LU8IAB. 15'.
Quindi con enqtio, e barbara dii*egno
D' estinguere con te la fiamma acce§a
Nel cuar del figlio, in faccia a tutto il re^o
Qua] delinquente, che non ha difesa,
Innanti a se con aapro modo indegno .
Ti fd tradur. Che illustre, e chiara impresa!
Quella spada, che fe tremar )a terra,
Ad una donna imbdle or far la guerra t
■ Qua] femmina impudica a pie del trono
Tratta infatti e per man d' empi littori ;
E al re parea ben degna di perdono
Tanta beltS, ge incatenava i cuori.
Ma vari grand! monnorando in tutmo
Di maligoi, e perversi accusatori,
II re cangiosai ; ed ella a' Buoi perigli
Non pensa no, bensi a] conaortei e ai iigli.
Ed or alzando al cicl le umide ciglia
[Non gii la man, che area di funi awinta)
Or dal matemo amor, che la connglia,
I'cari amati p^ni, ond' era dnta,
Fill cari ancor, perche ciascun Bomiglia
In tutto a] padre, a rtmhar aoapinta,
Chiede pietd del lor stato iitfelice
AI suocero crudel, e cos) dice.
D or .«jhy Google
Ifi4 TRAKBLATIOHS
SLtanxgoxoitft,
S' egli e veT) cbe ne' bruti per natura
Ferocif ed in augelli di r^una.
Come )' anticB Btoria ci assicura.
Trattandoti di prole ancor bambina.
Tantapiet&aimiddi cb* ebbero cura
Di aalvarla da mort« g& vidna
Con porgerle alimento : il qual deatino
Ebber Romalo, e Remo, e il fiato Nino.
Tui che Bcmbianza hai d' uom ; 61, qual furore
T' acceDde or tanto contro donna imbelle,
Ch' ^tra colpa non hai non altra «Tore
Ne in facda al Mondo, ne in faccia alle stellei
Salvo quel d' aver dato il proprio cuore
A chi lo meritd i Deb se rubelle,
E rea mi credi, gli ultimi miei voti
Non iadegnar almen pe' tuoi nipoti !
E se gift il tuo valore ai SaraclDi
Did morte ne' conflitti, or tuadonenza
Saqppia dar vita ai teneri bambini,
E in loro almen riipetti 1' innocensa ;
Che Be meco ad uaar tu non inclini
Quella, ch' io merlo pur, piena indulyenza,
Confinami per sUrvi etemamente
O ndla Sciziat o oeUa Libia ardeat«.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF THE LUSIAD. I
Cacciaini pur lH, dove e tigri) e lioni
Fan pompa di fierezza ; e in meszo a loio
Vedid le la piet^ cbe tu abbandani)
Avra ricetto; ii per quel, che adoro
Dolce c^getto, cagion di mie afflizioBi,
CoDTertini la pena mis in ristoro
Id coltivaDdo quest!, ch' bai presenti
Di legittimo amor frutti mnocenti.
CommoBso 3 re dal tenero discorso
Inclinava al perdono ; ma i aicari,
Che di lor crudeltd non ban rimorsO)
Con malign! argomenti, e temerari
Rappreaentando che il di lei traacorso
Troppo era enonne, destano contrari
In lui gli affetti, e a eoronor poi 1' opra
Di sua mano a ferirla ognuu b* adopra.
E quale allor si vide orrida acena,
Quando Pirro a placar del genitore
L' ombra adegntUa ucciae Pollssena
Di propria man portando il colpo al cuore,
Ed alia a rivi il sangue dalla vena
Mentre versava a pie dell' uccisore,
Avea ognor fiisi i moribondi lumi
Alia madre, i cui pianti eranu a fiumL
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
156 TRANSLATIONS
TbI contro Agueee il barbaro disastro
RiDDOTosBi da ^uegli empi inumaaif
Che nel bianco di lei come alabaaUro
Seno immergendo di furor iosani
Ferro omidda, al del d' atnor ua astro,
n pid bel, die Bplendea su i Lusitani
Campi) toisero senz' alcuo riflegso
Ch' un dl saria punito un tanto eccesio.
E tu, Febo, che un tempo per 1' orn»e
Ddla nefanda mensa, allorche Atreo
I propri figli a Tieste il genitore
Da osceDO nati illecito imeaeo
Porse in cibo, n^asti il tuo aplendore,
Ah ID giorno perche mai bi tetro, e reo
Non ti celasd ancor I o fosco, o meito
Non ti moBtrasti altnen nel di luoesto !
Ma Agnese alfin mori del csro sposo
Col Dome Bulle labbra, e feano intanto
Eco le valli al pianto doloroso.
E come un fior, cbe Bia reciso, o infranto
Perde il natio color vago, e odoroBo,
CobI di lei, che tra le belle ii ranto
Avea, mutoBBi il natural candore
Tcisto epirata in Undo pall(Hr&
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
OF THE LUSIAD. 157
antonto 0ttbt
E del Moadego allor le abitalrici
Ninfe vefezose la fatal sciagura
Con lagrime piangenda einulatrici,
Nuova fer zampiltar, e cfaiara, e pura
Fonle in quelle campagne assai felici :
E il bel^nome le dier, ch* oggi ancor dura,
Di fontana 4' anior, perche di amori
lA trattaro i due spo« in grembo a' fiori.
antonfo ^ertif.
Liustada di Camoens, Traspoiiata in Versi
Italiani da Antonio Nervi. Genava, Slamperia
deUa Marina e deUa Gazzetta, anno 1814. 8vo'.
To this version, which is not accompanied
by any notes, a short address is prefixed.
Gilt piA fiero e magnanimo d' aspetto
Fatto alia Patria Alfonso avea ritorno,
Che d'anne e di nimici ombra e soapetto
n bel trionfo avea sgombrato intomo,
Quando tanto sveglid pietoso affetto
Cotei) che tolta inoanzi tempo al giorno
Sovra il trono real solo s' assise
Potche i b^li anni suoi morte recise.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
158 ■ TRANSLATIONS
amonfo j^etbi.
Tu che cangi ad sltrui voglie e c
Solo tirsnno in mezzo agli altri D^i,
£ che dolce albergd ne* suoi bei luini
AiDOf) tu le aflrettasti i giorni rei
Ma non U basta da nostri occhi fiiimi
Trarre cotanti, se tiranno sei,
Che per trofeo di tua fierezza aneK
Vittime languinoBer ^re crudeli !
Fn pladdi ozii aU^;ri di contavi -
Bell' Ines giovinetta, ed il tuo cuore
Sotto la man di chi n' area le cbiavi
Lieti fruttt cogliea d' un caito ardore,
Ne t' era DOto ancor che ai di soavi
Meece il ftto I' amaro, e il tuo Signore
Solo talor chiederi, e al caro duolo
RigpoDdea di Moudego il verde suolo.
Ma i campi intomo, e le colline apricbe
Pareanti dir ch' ei ti vivea coBtante,
Ne selva^o seader, ni tie fatiche
L' idea gli cancellar del tuo seinbiante :
Te lichiamaTa ild), te I'ombre amicbe
Riconduceano eutro il pensiero amantet
E il volto ne vedea d* amor dipiato.
£ i can modi oude fu preeo e vinto ;
D,o,i..ci by Google
OF THK 1.U61AD. 1!
Sinamio j^vAL
E fiorir d' altnii roaa, e d* aJtrui bruna
Ripilla il dolce saettar fu vano,
£ alto epiendore di regal fortuna
A lusiDgarlo gli s' Dfiene inTBDO,
Ch' Inesvezzosa eri tu sol quell' una,
Cui dolce sospiraTa auco lontano,
£ al vecchio padre riinanea gi& poco
Da sperar ch' arda il figlio ad altro foco.
Ei ne minaccia e irrita i furor lui
L' iutoUerante volgo, che ne fremei
E a sciorlo, o betla, da bei laeci tui
Danoarti a morte ingittsto Re non temei
Spera che manchi 1' aho incendio in lui
C<d mancar de' b^Ii occfai all' ore ectrerae,
E miBera t' espone a quella spada,
Ond'^ ragion che Afinca sola cada.
Al regio pie la timida donzella
Tra^e barbaro stuol di lancie folto.
Ma b} dolente vien, ma cosl bella,
Che il Re n' infiamma per pietade il votto,
E mentre il volgo freme intomo ad ella,
Ella a pietose voci il labbro Kiolto
Non de' begli anui suoi ridotti a morte,
Ma de* figlii si iagna e del consorte.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le '
160 TRANSLATIUNH
J3nti)nio 0tm,
Levando al Ciel le vagbe luci e aole,
L'e lud, cbe le mani arvinte avea,
Al di eereno ed al sorgeote sole
Moatra il bel pianto cfae aul sen cades,
E rimirando poi 1' amata prole
Cbe al gmocchio ed at pie le ai stringea
Le pai^letw destre alzando e i pianti
Cotal ragiona la crudel aro innaati.
Se ailrestre cornocchia a cui rapire,
Moetrd natura che gran rostro diell^
Anzi le belve che ferocia ed ire
Sortir nascendo alia pieti rubelle,
Ai teneri bambio &r vezzi e ofirire
Tolor fiir viste I'ispide mammelle,
E ben piil d' un di si pietoai efiempi
Hanno le Btorie de* passati tempi.
Tu, che d' umane viBcere foralo,
Se pur me trarre a cogl gran periglio,
Sol perche, vaga pairi al Signor mio
Nomarsi pud d* umanitd condglio,
A questi parti che di me veBt!o
Un' infelice amor, Hvolgi il ciglio,
E 8e per me piet^ non >enti, almena
CoDserva lor questo matemo seoo.
Do,T«jhyGooj^le-
OF THE LUSIAD.
SUmnio jpntf.
Tui cbe pugnando, d' alte morti impre«so
II fioDCo Iftsci all' Aflrica auperba.
Ah non voler che anoigs it fato istesso
Una vita innocente e ancora acetba ;
Chesesperar pieti non m'e conceKso,
Pommi ove il sole uccide i fiori e 1' erba
SuU' ana Libia, o Aove i giomi breri
Induran aullo Sdta eteme nevi ;
Pommi degli oni Id fn gl' inuti velli
In sen d' arena inoipita e romita,
Che fone fia die impetrimi da quelli
Qualche pietosa a tanti mali aita :
L4 questi amati) mtseri fratelli
A calui Dodrird che lor did vita,
E fra i piccioli scherzi e i cari accent)
Ne addotdrd 1' esiglio e i dl dolenti.
Tal prega, e tal dolcezza intomo piorei
Che il Re pi^^a al pefdon 1' altera mente,
Ma i oimici di lei pieti non move,
£ vuon veder le belle luci spente.
Gitl fiammeggiar ndri le spade ; ah dove
Ti r^isce il furor barbara gente,
' Forse mercar vorrai di valor gridn
Contro un' inerme ten d' amor sol nido!
by Google
162 TKANBLATIOKS
antortfo 0tM,
Qual PolisBena delta inadre accooto,
Quasi rosa ODCor chiusa eotro il bcl vcio,
Creicea modesta e bella, e fea b<AuuHo
CoHe sua«i luci invidia al Ciela,
E il fier Phto: afierrandola pel manto
Le tmmergeTa nel seno il crudo telo,
Ed ella il dolce guardo si. sen raccolto
Tingea d' un bel pallore il TSga toUo.
Tal coDtro il biaaco collo e i moUi avori
Onde ■! caro il bel *olto Borgea,
Leran 1' ignude spade, e ■ duri cuori
Quel dolce lagrimar pid cnidi fea :
Gii tinge il puro sangue i bianchi fiori,
Che anzi il bel piauto inumiditi avea,
N^ sq>ean quai Tendette acceso In brere
Avrebbe di quel sen la scura nere.
Poteri per pietit di quel sembiante
Nasconder pure, o sole, i rag^ tiu,
Ed i ministri e il barbaro R^nante
Far d' in^rorviso om» dolenti e buL
Ines moFiTa, e ancor moriia amante.
Fur sospiri d' amore i sospir sui,
E^ il tabbro morendo ancor pares
Esprimere ii bel Dome ood' dla ardea.
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
or THE LUfllAO. 163
^tmnf^ 0ttbu
CmI, come fioretto cbe succiso
Da ro220 pid d' incauta pastorellK
SmBniace il dolce odore e il freftco tiao ;
Vi par quel che vesti 1' atba novella,
Mancando rien nel giorinetto viae
D latte a 1* oatro ond' em gU si bella,
E piO roia non BHitbra a giglio miRta :
S<A dole' t morte in li pietoM vtata.
Inea quin^ rettd dolce diaio
Di Mondego, e 3 be! aaol ne pianae tanto,
Che in pladd' onda di fuggevol lio
TranaTormaTo le ninfe il caro pi&nio;
D' Inea e del auo ^o acerbo e rio
n ruacelletto ■nonnor6 frattanto,
Ed ei ritiene ancor fra 1' erbe e i fiori
dolce nome de' auoi triiti amori.
IN THE FRENCH LANOUAQE.
amnpnma*
Circa 1612.
The name of the author (^ this tnuuUtion
has not been aecertamed; iJhere are^ however,
h2
Dpi .?d by Google
164 TBAM8I,AT10H8
Buffici^it authorities for its exlBtence. It ia re-
ferred to in the ancient ^itaph which com-
mences: " Naso Elegis, &c."
" HuDC Inlj, Gain, Hiipuii Tcitcre poetun ;
" Qiuelibet hunc «llet tern nan suum."
It is also mentioned by Nicolas Antonio ; Do-
mingos Fernandes, in his dedication of the Lu-
siad to the Archbishop D. Rodrigo da Cimha,
published at Lisbon, 1609 j Baillet, Mickle,
and othem. The fact is more decidedly stated
in the life of Camoens, written by Pedro de
Mariz, which accompanied the publication of
part of the Rinias from Pedro Crasbeeck's press,
at Lisbon, in 1616.
" Fois dos EstrangeiroB foi tanto estimado, que
" Dao se contentou cada huma deltas com inenoe,
" que com o appropriarem a bI do modo que podia
" ler, traduzindo — o em suas linguas ; con tanta
" curiosidade, que em Castelhano se fizerao trea
" traduc^oes ; em Italia huma (at that time the
" translation of Paggi bad not appeared) em Franca
" outra."
D,o,l..cihyGi.")OJ^Ie
Of THE LU8IAD. 165
SDupeCTOn be Cafftrra.
Ignacio Oarcez Ferreira, following Bailtet,
attributes the version to a Mr Scharon.
Bxipmon tie Codtera. i785.
La Lasiade da Camoens poeme Heroigue, sur
la Decowierte des Indes OrieTUales. Traduit da
Portugais, par M. Dupemm de Castera. 3
Tomes. 12rao, Paris, 17S5.
This translation is embellished with a set of
engravings, and has also a frontispiece, repre-
senting what is detailed in the six Latin verses
which appear under the engraving.
Lysiadum decus, et generoeee gloria geniis
Ecce recens, natus tenero Camoesjus ore
Sugit Calliopes greinium : latatur Apollo,
DatqueSacninipuero,reiOnantiamunera,plectrumt
Fatna triumphalem lauro viridante Coronam
Preeparat : invidis diatorquet pectora nuEror.
The work is dedicated to His Serene High-
ness M. the Prince de Conty, i^i the foUowing
verses: —
M 9
D,o,i..cihyGoo^-fe
166 TRANSLATIONS
Snpcrnin tv Co^na.
Daignez aoufirir, Seigneur, que lei Mutes dn Tage
Vous oSrent par ma maia leur plus cdebre oavrcge;
VouB y verrez briUer le nom A lea explwu
Des H6roB, dont le Gange a tetpect^ lea Imx ;
Le public en liaant lea faatea de leur gloire
Lira de vos vertus une fidelle histoire :
Comme eux dana lea travaux du redoutable Han
A I'ombre dea lauriera vuua bravez lea hazards :
Conune eux, lonque la paix sous I'olivier tranquiUe
Au repoa, qui la auit, donne un riant aayle,
Vous slaves. Prince aimable, avec des tfaiu vain-
queurs
Channer tous les espriu, & gagner toua les coeuia.
Ah ! Si malgr£ le frein d'une loi trop barbare
On pouvoit repasKT let fleuvea du Tenare ;
Si du sombre sejour oil descendent les morts,
L'illustre Camoena rerenoit sur nos borda,
Bien-tdt on I'entendrott d'un ton mile & tuUime
Vous &ire de sa veine un tribut legitime,
Et Buipaner pour voua les diants m^lodieux.
Que I'^oux d'Euridice a coaaacr^e aux Dieuxl
Moi, qui re; ut du ciel une voix ordinaire,
J'admire, & je me tau, mon hommage est sincere,
Fhoebos sur I'Helicon ne me l*a point dict^,
Et je n'ai pris conseil que de la v6rite.
DoFiBaoM Di Castexa.
Dioiir^ci by Google
OF THE LUSIAD. Kt?
tttipennn tie Ca0m»«.
He dedication is followed b; a short pre-
&ce, a life of the poet, and the licence of the
Kii^. Each canto is succeeded by notes, and
at the end of each volume, is a " Table des
" Matieres dispos^e pbr ordre alpbabetique."
Mickle had a very cotit«nptible idea of this
translation. In his Dissertation on the Luidad,
be says^ " M. Diq>erron de Castera, in 1735,
'* gave, in French prose, a loose unpoetical
" paraphrase of die Lusiad," and in a note, be
^ds, " Castera was every way unequal to Lis
" task. He did not perceive his author's beau-
" ties. He either su[^resses or lowers the most
" poetical passafnes, and substitutes French tin-
*< sel and impertinence in th^r place."
Tliis translation is thus noticed in the biblio-
grajAical works.
No. 3548 La Lusiade de Camoeos ; Poeme H£ro-
tque sur la d6couverte des lodes orientales, trad,
du Portugais en Fran9ois, avec des remarquea.
pat, M. du PerroD de Castera. Paris, 1735. 3
vols, in l^OM.
M *
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
168 TKANSLATIOKS
aMpetxon be €astttta,
TraductioD asaez eatimiei elle est jusqu'i pre-
sent la seule qui ait 6t£ publiee de ce fameux
poeme. — De Bute.
La traduction de Du Perron de Castera. Pari*,
1735, ou 1768. 3 torn, in 13mo. est moins es-
timie (than L'Harpe's].^ — Bntnet Man. du Li-
braire.p. 207. lorn. 1.
La traduction de ce Poeme en Francois, avec del
Remarques par M. du Perron de Caatina (Cai-
tera) Amsterdam, (Paris, 1735) ou Paris, N^on,
1768. 3 tols. in I2mo. est asiez esttmce 7 a 9
My— Diet. Bibliogr. par PAbbe Dwlot. Tom. 1.
p. 231.
Les exemplairea ne sont pas communa. 12. I.—
Omont Diet. Typogr. Tom. 1. p. 163. Pant,
1768.
•— Traduit du Portugals par M. du Perron
de Castera. a«ec des Remarques — fl AmsL
chez Fran;ots I'HoDor^ 1735. S. S toI.
reL en velin.
— i Paris chez Huart, 1735. 12. vol 3. reL
en Tclin. — Biiliotkeca Smithiana. Wa. Vt-
netiit, 1755. p. 87.
8678. Paris, 1735- S vgls in 12mo.— C^. La-
rnoignon.
D,o,i..ci by Google
OF THE LV3IAD. 169
ftupccron be Cadteni.
Of this work there would appear to have
been two editions, 1735 and 1768. C<^iee are
not of rare occurrence. The edition of 1 785
is in the author's collection.
Alonze de retour en Portugal s'appr^toit i joiiir
tranquillement de ses lauriera & de la gloire, laraqu'
une disgrace afireusse viat troubter le repoB de aes
Jours. Etrange & funeate avanture qui fit voir aux
tTJBtea Lusitains une beaut6 charmante accabl^
tious le poids d'une indigne rigueur pendant aa vie,
& declar^e Reine aprda sa more. C'eat toi redout-
able amour, c'eEt toi kuI qui fut cause de son tri-
pas, cruet tyran des huroainR, les larmes de tes su-
jets oe devoient-elles pas auffire pur 6te!ndre ta soif,
& faut-il que tea autels aoient arrosfis de leur aang I
Belle Ynda tu ^toia dana une aolitude agr^able
lur la rive du Mond6go, ta bouche euaeignoit aux
6ch<M des for§ts & dea montagnes le nom cheri que
tu portoii grav^ dana ton ctEur, le nom de ton
Prince, dont la presence laisoit tes d^lices, & dont
le moindre ^loigneinent te coutoit tant de iarmei t
De son cdt£, lorsqu'il ne te voyoit pas, le souvenir
flatteur des doux momens qu'il avoit pass6s auprdt
de toi, rempliaeoit sou ame, St te r^pondtut de te
D,o,i..ci by Google
170 TRANSLATIONS
Bnperron it Cajmca.
tradresse: Idin de tes beaux yeux tout ce qui
s'ofiroit oux sieoB, I|ii retr&goit ton image ; la nuit
lea imposturea Toluptueuaea de miUe aongea clur-
mana rerdlloient ion ardeur, & le jour se* soupin
a'envoloient vera tes appas avec tout«s aes penedea.
Pour toi leule aimable Yndi, le fidelle Don Pe-
dre refiuoit conatamment & le ccEur & la maiu de«
Princenes lea plua illuatrea k dea beaut^a les plua
dignea de plaire ; le Roi met dana la balance cette
paanOD ai me, & }e rourniure de kb gujeta, qui
TeulentToir aon file engagi gous lea loix de I'Hy-
nen: bien-t6t aa sererit6 decide contre une tendre
biblesse, qu'il regarde comme un crime; D con-
danme la malheureuae ¥d^ a perir pour ron^iie par
■a moit t'esdavage oil sea attraita retiennent Don
Pedt«. Qudle furie put lever le bras d'un n grand
Monarque aur la t^te d'une infortimte qui D'avoit
que dea pleura pour ae d6fendre, ft comment cette
£p6e ai formidable Buk Maurusiena n'eut-elle paa
honeur de ae tremper dana le aang d'nne femme i
Lea crueb ennemia d'Vn^ la trainent devant la
Boil il ne peut roir aa jeunesse, aea channel & son
nalheur aana en &tre toncb^ : d£ja la douce oom-
paaaion ae gliaaoit dana aon ame, maia leas cris fe-
rocea ft tumultueux de am Feuple ranimrat aa eo^
D.oilr.dbyGOO'jIe
OF THS LII81AD. 171
SEuptmm Ds Cafttera.
lere. Ynea eat moina ^pourantte de >a mort que
de la B<ditiide & A\i deplorable 6tBt oil elle va laiiser
K»i Prbce & leB fniits de son amour ; elle levoit
douloureiuement vers le Ciel KS jeax. baignfa de
larme*, elle n'y leroit que les yeoK, >es belles maiiu
^toient captives & ne pouvoient s'employer k ce
triBte usage; ensulte elle regarde aes entans qui
I'enTironnent ; aussi tendre mere que vertueuse
'Spouse, elle redouble sea pleura a leur aspect, les
disgraces dont ils soot menaces, la font ftiam, son
cnur s'enyvre d'amertume Sl d'affliction ; enfia elle
rompt le silence, & tient ce diacours au Rol S'U
est vrai que I'utiivers ait v& des oUeaux sauvagea &
des b&tes, que leur nature portoit a la cruauti,
s'atteudrir pour de foibles enfaos, tels que la
mere de Njnias 3c les deux fondateurs de Rome:
6 Tous qui paroissez humain (si pourtant on peut le
pvoltre en faisant perir une femme dont tout le
crime est d'avoir so&mis son cteur a celui qui I'a
sfu vaincre) jettez un ceil de compassion sur cea
malbeureux orpbelins, & que leur innocence tous
desanne ; je ne tous parle point de la mienne, tous
Toulez mon trdpas, il faut contenter voa desirs: ce-
pendant, si votre clemence ^gale votre valeur, si
voua s^avez donner la vie h ceux qui ue tneritent
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
172 TRAN8LATI«N8
^lapatan be Cosmra,
paa de la perdre, comme vous s;avez donner la mort
aux fiers Agareriens dans Tardeur dei cqmbata:
plbtAt que de Terser nioQ Bang, exilez-moi daaa
quelque miserable retrdte ou dana la frude Scjrthiet
ou dans les br&Ians deserts de TAfrlque : confinez-
moi dans lesejour des Tigres & des Lions, j'^rou-
verai si Ton ne trouve pas chez eun la pitie que lea
horaoies me refusent : la, au milieu des pleurs & dee
soupirs, & le cceur plein du cber objet pour qui Ton
me traine au supplice, j'£leverai mes en&ns, leur
rte sera I'unique consolation d'une mere plus ten-
dre encore qu'elle n'est malheureuse.
Alonze penetrc d'une juste compassion vouloit
trailer Ynes avec indulgence ; mais eafin it cede a
ropiniUretc du Peuple & a la rigueur du desdn,
qui poscrit cette victime innocente; les barbarea
qui ontconseill^ au Roi ce raeurtre abominable, ti
rent leura cruelles ep^es pour I'exccuter eux-
m^mes ; I'areugle fureur qui les traneporte ne leur
permet paa de pr^oir le chatiment qui tombera tAt
ou tard sur leur tSte ; I'un firappe ce coup d'albatre
qui soutenoit le plus beau visage que I'amour ait
jamais adore ; I'autre perco inhumainement ce aein
si parfait & si capable d'attendrir les caurs les plus
feroces ; troupe l&che k sanguinaire vous vous mon-
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF THE LUSIAD. 178
&. (Baubfer be ffiacrault.
trez hardui contre une femme ! Tel autrefou Pyr-
rhuB porta le couteau dang le flanc de la chamaDte
Polyzene ; encore la durete du Grec fut-elle moitu
odieuee, puiBqu'il ne faisoit qu'obeir a I'ombre de
aoD pere.
Brillant flambeau du jour, si I'hoireur du festin
de Thyeste te for^a jadii i Toiler ta lumiere sous dec
nuages impeuetrablest de quel ceil voiatu perir la
Tertueuse Yn^^ le crime de ses assBssios ^gale
celui d'Atr^ei retourae hwt tes p&s & couche-toi
dans I'Orient! Yn^s meurt, ea bouche froide &
p4Ie prononce le nom de sou clier Don Pedre en
pouBSBnt le' dernier soupir. De m€me que la fleur
touch6e sans aucun management -par une bergere
fol&tre perd eon brillant colons, ainii l'£elat du
leint de la belle Yn^ s'efiace apr6B >a mort. Lei
filles du Mond£go la pleurerent long-temps, & pour
ttemiser le souvenir de sa vertu, de sa tendress^ &
de son malheur, elles changerent leurs larmes en
one fontaine, qui s'appelle encore aujour-d'bui la
FoDtaine des Amours.
&. (CauUer fie Sorrmdt.
Next in succession is the work of Sulpicio
Gaubier de Barrault, which was published with
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
174 TRANSLATIONS
Is, (Ekmbfer be JBorratdt;
a d«dicati(H) to the King Joseph, and with the
orig^al Portuguese. " U^toa na Se^a o^
cina T\/p<^aphicat 1772." en 4>to.
This publication contains tnuulationa of Can-
to III. s. 120. et seq. wherein Camoens relates
the stoiy and misfortunes of Donna Ignez de
Castro, and of Canto V. s. 87 et seq. wherein
the bble of Ad&mastor is gjren.
These translations are very highly praised by
Aquino, who deems them worthy of particular
attention for their fidelity. Notwithstanding
they are given verse for verse, they are hi^pily
rendered, and shew the author's knowledge of
the language.*
In his dedicaUon, the translator says :—
<■ CamdeS) rimmortel Camoes prenant sous ma
** plume un nouvel hire, ira, sous las autpiceide
" votre majesty etendre daaa tous I'uniTers la re-
<* nomme et celle de ses compatrioteSt a I'aide d'lme
*■ langue presqu' univenellemeat consacrfe aujouid
** 'bui a tranGmettre a la Posterite tea chefs d'
** (Kuvres de Litteroture en tout genre."
■ DiMnno Fraliiidnr. Ed. IT8S.
D,o,i..ci by Google
OF TBS LUBIAD. 175
t». (BttAitc be Barradt.
. In another part of his dedicalioD, he layi : —
" Si cet Euai s le bonheur d'etre iril par Totre
m&jeaU d* un ceil propice, on triomphe auiu flot-
teur pou moi Buffira, Sire, pour fkire diipanntre
tout d'un coup a mea yeux tous lea obttadei, et
toutea les difficultez d'une Traducti(«i complette du
Voaae de la Luuade: carriere auaai pjnible qu*
immeiiKi et dont la wale id£ei je I'arooe, effisie
mon foible geirie."
The pruse bestowed on Gaubier de Bar-
rault by Aquino is &r beyond the merits of
the performance. He, in several passages, de-
scoids frtHD the height of the original, and
loses the force and vivacity of the poet. Aqnino
furnishes us with a specimen of the translator's
abilitaes, in stanza 56 of Canto V.* in which C*-
• Ahrj.Depui«coiiU>»
an bante, et u>u ngn
le me TU cmbnuunt un m
DQt dur, dIMiU*
Cduiert d'uua forit cpuH,
rocber dim ran bitt,
L-bomma an moi iifunt.
murt.pr«qu.^Ti
J« <U*iM KM lodM > I-UUI
[«n>dMuni».
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
TRANSLATIOMS
s imitates the celebrated passage of Ovid,
in his epistle from Ariadne to Theseus : —
" Aut mare prospicieDs ia saxo frigida sedi :
" Quamque lapis sedes, tarn lapis ipsa fui."
Copies of these translations are of the great-
est rarity: the impression was so limited, that
scarcely a copy remdns in the libraries of cu-
rious collectors.
A correspondent in Lisbon, to whom appli-
cation was made either to procure the volume,
or have the passage which relates to,D. Ignez
de Castro extracted, writes, " This work was
delivered privately by the author to his irienda,
and not published : it is extremely scarce, and
I have not yet been able to get a sight of a
copy to make the extracts."
Following the translation by Barrault, the
next that appeared in point of time, was the
version of the Lusiad by D'Hermilly ae it had
been altered by La Harpe.
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
• OP THE LUSIAD. I?7
Sfl^tvmSis am Ha ^acpe.
Jja Lusiade de Zotds de CamaSiu; Po^Tne
H^rmque, en dix chants, nomellement traduit du
Portugais, avec des notes ^ la vie de FAuteur.
Enricki de Figures h chajue Chant. S vols. 8vo.
Paris, 1776.
These Tolmnes are embellished with elegant
engrsnngs executed in the French style, of
vliich there are e^lanaticms immediately after
the title page.
At the commencement of each canto is an
argument in prose, and preceding a short life
of the poet, is this advertisement, which points
out the ideas of the publisher respecting die
worit, and what it purports to communicate: —
" CettenouTelle Traduction deCamoenSfdont on
" peut en g£n£ral garantir la fid£lit£, est I'sunage
" d'un EcriTain tr^scoonu : elle a ^t^ faite but ime
" version litt^rale du texte Portugais ; versioo com>
■* po>6e, avec tout le soin & toute I'exactitude pos-
" sible, par ud homme tr^B-vers^ dans la laague de
" Camoena. Le'nouveau Traducteur s'est propose
" d'animer du feu de la Po6sie cette version scru.
*' puleuHement fidelle. D ne s'est permis d'autre
TOL. 11. N
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
17$
^^rnnfll? anO Ha ttmft.
** liberty que celle de resaerrer quelques endroits
" im peu longB, main raremeot, & cette diminulJoa
" du texte CBt trcB-peu de chose.
" II y H joint des Notea htatoriques & critiqued
" n^cessaires pour I'intelligeace du Poeme, & nous
" a donii^ aiusi le morceau suivant sur la vie & lei
" ouvrages de Camoens.
Great difference of opinion exiBts concerning
this translation. Aquino states, that the author
ought to have called it an epitome, or compen-
dium of the Lusiad ; and quotes a passage to
shew how two of the best stanzas of the original
are compressed into half a dozen lines of prose.
Mickle thus characterises the work :—
" Soon after the first puUication of the Engfish
" Losiad, a new French prose translation of Ca-
•' moens was published by M. de La Harpe. He
" cenfesses that he received a literal translation of
** his author, from a person well acquainted with
" tlw original. His style, however, is much lesS
*' poetical than even Castera's,' whom he severely
*■ condemns. A literal prose translation of poetry
" is an attempt as absurd as to translate fire into
D,o,l..ci by Google
OF THE LUBIAD. l79
3)^mnfn; ant Ha Haxft.
" water. What a wretched figure do the most
" elegant odes of Horace make in a literal prose
" translation ! and no literal translation for the use
" of schools was ever more unlike the original, in
" spirit, vigour, and elegance, than the sometimes
" literal, and sometimes mangled version of M. de
" La Harpe, which seems to be published as a
'* sacrifice to the wounded vani^ of his admired
" Tohaire.
" La Harpe stands forth, against Castera, as the
" dc&nder of Voltaire's criticisin on the Lusiad.
" Castera, indeed, has sometimes absurdljr defended
" hia author ; but a translator of the Lusiad, who
' could not perceive the many gross misrepresenta-
" tiooE of Voltaire, must have hurried over his
'' author with ver^ little attention. He adopts the
' spirit of all Voltaire's objections, and commends
'* only where he commends. Want of unity in the
' epic conduct is Voltaire's very rash character of
' Camoens. And La Harpe as rashly asserts, that
'* the poem ends in the seventh book, when Gama
'< arrives in India. Bnt he might as well have as-
' serted, that the .£neid ends with the landbg of
'■* ^neas, in Italy. Both heroes have much to ao
* complith after their arrival in the dewred country. .
N 2
by Google
180 TRAHSLATIOHS
WtitxmiSB anb %a ^atpe.
'* And the return of Gama, after hsTiog subdued
* every danger, is exactly parallel to the deatb o(
■ Turoiu. And thia return, without which Grama*!
'* eiiter[»ize u incomplete, u managed by Camoensi
'* at the close of his poem, in the concise and true
" spirit of Virgil. A translator of tfie Lusiad, who
'* could not perceive this, is indeed most ingenious-
' ]y superficial. But La Harpe's sentence on the
* Paradise Lost, iriiich he calls * digne tPitn tiede
* de barbaric — worthy of an age of barbari^,* wiD
< give the English reader a just idea of his poetical
The following desciiptioD of the tranalatioiis
of La Harpe and Castera, are eKtraeted from
the Bibliotheque d'lm Homme de Grout, Vol.
1. p. 339, Paris, 8vo, 1808.
'* La Traduction de Camoens, publiSe en 1776.
" 2 vols, m 8vo. Sous le noin de la Harpe, a €li
** faite sur uoe version litt^rale dn texte Portugais,
** par M. d'Hermilly, irds-vers^ dans la langue de
" Pauteur ortgiDal. La Harpe s'est propose d'mi-
" mer du feu de la po^e, cette version scrupu-
"leiuement fid^lle; il n'est permit d'autre tibert^
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF THE. LUSIAD. 181
WHtanm^ onti Ha ^arpe.
' que celle de retseirer quelques endroite en peu
' ioa^ maia raremeut; et cette diminudoD du
* texte est peu de chose. H j a joint dea notes
* bistoriques et critiques, n^cessaJres pour I'intelli-
* gence du poeme, et nous a donn£ aussi un frag-
■ ment sur la vie et les ouvragea de Camome.
" Four sentir tout le m^rite de cette Douvelle
' traduction, on n'a qu'a la comparer a celle de
' Duperron de Castera, pubU6 en 1735, 3 vols, m
' 12. qui u'est qu'une paraphrase troidement am-
' pouiee et prolixement p^riodique. Tout I'es-
' prh po^dque de Ceunoens y eat absolument kn-
■' pm€. Duperron de Caatera, rh^teur eauB gofit,
< denature k tout moment son origin^, en se croy-
' ant &it pour I'embellir. La nouvelle version est
' iofiniment plus rapproch^e du teste, et plus ana-
' logos tt la simplicity ^egante et saganent om^e,
' que I'auteur de la Lnsiade semble vouloir imiter
* dea ancieas ; quoiqu 'il n'ait ni la richesae d'Ho-
'■ mere, ni les mouvements et pathetique de Virgile.
' Duperron a surcharge son ouvrage d'une foule
■ de notes historiques, le plus souvent employees &
'■ developper de pre teudues allegories de la Lu-
< siade, qui ne sont que des reveries du traducteur
N 3
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
182 TRANSLATIONS
g^mnfU? anb Ha Ijorpe.
*' expofi^es avec un ton de penauEion qudquefoii
" trds-plaieanL"
Lb Liuiade poeme trad, du Portugau (par D'Her-
miUy, et retouch^ par. J. Fr. de la Hiupe).
Paris, 1776. 2 vols, in 8vo. fig. 10 & 12 fr.
(6533) em exempl. en pap. fin. m. r. dent 4fi fr.
BoE^rian. — Brunei Man. du Librane. p. 207.
tom. 1.
— = Paris, 1772. 2 vols, in 8yo. fig. 9. 1.
pap. fin. 24. 1. — Founder Nowo- Diet. Por-
tatifde Bibliogr.
A copy on fine paper is in the collection of
books, relating to Oainoeng, in the possession
of the sQthor of these memoirs.
De retour dans ses Etats, I'heureux Alphonse oe
pensait plus qu'^ gofiter les douceurs d'une paix
eulbcllle par la victoiie. Mais sa tranquillity devait
£tre troubl6e par un ^v^nement d^Iorsble, qui ne
mourra pas dans la m^moire des hommes. Ce d£-
sastre fut ton ourrage, crael Amdnri toi, qui traite
tes adorateurs comme on trtute des ennemis. O
tyran ! les larnies que tu fais r^pandre ne sont
pas un tribul qui te suffice. Tu veux que tea
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
nt THE LDSIAII. ISS
autels Boient baign^s de aang. La belle Id^b go&-
tait tnuiquillement le» doux fruits de ses naiwantet
ann^es ; elle passait sei joun dans ces ddices d'une
ame amoureiue, dans cette ivresse areuglc & char*
mante, dans cet £tat de bonlieur doiit la fortune ne
nous laisse pas jouir long-^ema. E^e habitait lea
campagnes salubree & riaates du Mond^go. dout
lea eaax pures se plaisaient & r^^chir les attniiu de
I'aimable In^ C'est 11 qu' elle apprena^t aux £choB
des iBontJ^ea le nom de Dom F£dre, ce nom que
1' Amour avait grav£ dans son coeur. Les tendres
aouTenirs qui remplissaient celtti du Prince repon-
diuent A la tendresse de sgn Anumte. Sans cease
elle ^tait pr£sente k ses yeax. Elaign6 de ceux
d'Ines, it la retrouviut la ouit dans la douce illusion
des aonges. Le jour ses pens^es ardentes volaient
apres elle. Taut ce qui s'aSrait k lui, tout ce qu'9
entendait, tous sea paa, tous ses plaisirs, s'il en est
loin de ce qu'on aime, lui nq)pdlaieiit Ines. II
rejettut toute alliance. Nulle Beaut£, nulle Prin-
cesse oe pouvait toucher son coeur. Amour, ceux
que tn posaedes meprisent tout ce qui n'est pas to! \
Son p^ Toit avec douleur une passion qui £loigne
le Prince des nceuds de I'hjmen^e. L'obstination
de son fils and les niurniures du Peupie augmentent
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
184 TRANSLATIONS
ft^ermffl? anb %a ^srpe.
ea colflre. L'arr^t est portf. II jure de faiie perir
lo^B. II Be flatte d'^teindre dans bod sang I'ainour
qu'etle inspire k Dom P£dre. Comment le Ciet
a-t-il permis que la mSine main qui avait triompb^
del Maurea, sit pu s'armer contre une faible & mal-
heureuBe amantel Les bourreaux la menent eo
presence du Roi. II ee sent ^mu de piti& Maia
lea clamenra du Peuple & lee conaeil* d'une poli-
tique cruelle le portent & la rigueur. La triate In^
jette dea cria de douleur & d'efiroi, non qu'elle
craigne pour elle-m^me. mais elle tremble pour le
Prince qu'elle adore, pour les en&ns qu'etle lui
laiiae, gages pr^cieux de leurs amours. Elle Hive
vers le Ciel see yeux baign^s de Iftrmea, sea yeuxl^.
H4las 1 le poids dea fera chargeut aes mains inno-
centes. Elle reporte sea regards Bur ses enfans
qu'elle va laiaaer orphelina, & addresae ces parolea
Heat inflexible aieul: *' Si I'on a tu dee b^tta
t^rocea accoutumeea au carnage & des oiseaux
nourris de rapine se laiaaer toucber de compaa-
sion pour de faiblea creatures, lea aecouriri les
allaiter, comme on le raconte des deux fr^es qui
ont fonde Rome ; & vous, qui avez la figure & le
coeur d'un bomme (ai Ton est tel pourtant en
&isant mourir une femme qui n'a de d fense
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF THE LUSIAD. 185
** que ses. lannes Sc d'autre crime que d'avoir
" touche le c<Bur qu'avoit dioisi le sien), ayez piti^
" de cea malheureux en&tu. Soyez sensible k leur
" douleur, puisque tous ne i'^tei pas k la mieDne.
" Vous avez triomph^ des Barbarea, voua avez su
<* donner la mort a tos ennemi* ; sachez aussi ac-
" corder la vie a I'innocence. Je n'ai pas m^rit^ U
" mort. Mais si voua avez r^solu de me punir,
'* rdigaez-moi daoE let d^rts glacee de la Scythici
" ou dans leg gables brfilana de I'Afiiquei au milieu
" des liona & des tigres. Je trouverai parmi ces
" monstrea la piti^ qu'oD me refuse ici. J'y tralne-
" rai dans les pleurs ma vie lan^uisianle. Mon
" unique soin, ma seule cottsolatioo sera de veiller
" SOT lea jours de cea iafortunes. Je nourrirai,
. " j'^levera! leur enfance, le cceur tout plein de
** I'objet pour qui je souffre taut de maux ; & j'aurai
** du inoias pour dernier soutien la vue de mes
" eo&ns & le aouvenir de leur p6re."
A ce discours, a ces plaintea touchantes, la vieil*
Jesse s^^ du Monorque «e laissait ^inouvoir par
)a pitie. Mais le Peuple & les Destins ^galement
inexorables demandaient leur victime. Les barbares
Conseillers d'Alphonse, les auteura de I'anft port6
contre Ines, voyant le Roi ebrenle, n'ont. pas hpote
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
jSo teanbi.ations
de tirer leun £p& contra uae femme. Cnieb I
voui £tea dea Cheraliers & tous deveuez des bour-
reaux ! Livr^ a leur areugle nge, aans remordB
de leur l&chete, aaiu crainte du chMmoit, ils plon-
gent le fer dans ce col d'alb&tre ; iU decbireat ce
■ein iDoad^ de lannes, chef-d'oeuvre de la Nature St
de I'AmouT, idolatrf par le malheuraux Dotn P^dre.
C'est ainsi qii'autrefoia te fifroce Pyrrhus leva le
glaive >ur la belle Polis'JDe. Bile etait I'umque
consolation d'une m^ moabUe d'anneea. Mail
I'ombre d' Achillea la condBmnait. Elle tounia sea
jtax. roourans vera aa m^re ^aoouJe de douleur, ft
aemblable a la brcbis tiinide qui tombe en sacrifice,
elle re;ut le coup niortcl. Soleil, qui te d^toornai
svec borreur de la table aacrilige oil Thieste fiit
abreuve du «ang de sea eniana present^ par le bar-
bare Atr^e, Soleil peux-tu 6clairer aujourd'hui an
■pectacle nan nioin* horrible I Le meurtre de I'in-
nocente Inea a souille ta lumiere ; te vans, temoina
da sa mort, lienx funeates qui avez entendu aordr
de aa bouche, avec un dernier gemisaemcnt, le nom
de ion fidele Dom Pedre, repetee long-tema ce nom
ft lea plaiotea de la mourante Inea. Inea meurt, ft
comme on voit la fleur nioiBaonn4e avant le tenii ae
a^er ft se fletrir sous lea maina qui I'ont abattoe.
D,o,i.?dhy-Goo*^le
OP THE LUSIA&. ■ 18"
lanoitpnuntct.
aJDsi la tnort vient obscurdr lea attraits de cette
tnalbeureuae amante. Z<ea couleure de la vie & de
la beaut£ s'effacent sur son visage expirant, & sea
rosea disparoiasent soua la paleur du tr£pas; Lea
Nymphes du Mond6go )a pleurgreot long-tems.
Les larroes qu'elles rgpandirent se changgreni: en
une fontoine que I'oo appelle encore aujourd'faai la
fontame dee Amours, monument lugubre qui rap-
pellera h la derniere postirite la mimoire d'ln^ &
de SOD AmanL
TTie twenty-seventh volume of " Voyage*
** Imaginaires^ Romanesqnes, merveilleux, al-
** legoriques, &c. Svo. Amsterdam, 1788,"
commences with ** L'IsIe enchant^ Episode de
" la Luaiade, traduit du Camoens."
The translation of this episode occupies
twenty-four Svo. pages, and has attached to it
a beautiful engraving of Venus addressing
Cupid —
" O mon fils, mon cher fits."
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
1 88 TRANSLATIONS
SUunvgvtotsi*
In the adTerdsement of the editor, he writes :
" Noiu de doDuons point ici etn recueil ni ud
" cboix de toutes lea allegories ou Romana, Cooteg
** et nouv^es allegoriques, mais de ceUes Buele-
*' ment qui ayant pour objet la descriptioD d'un
" peuple imaginaire, rentrent sous ce point de vue
<' dans notre plan : c'eet ainsi-que nous avons par-
*' couru dans le volume precedent le Royamne de
" Romancie, et que nous avons &it voyager noB
" lecteurs d'afaord dana I'Igle d' Amour, ensuite
" dana le Royamne deCoquetteriei et que de-la
'■ nous les avons conduits dang la ville de Portraitt,
<■ oil toua lea habitana sont peintrea
" Nous allona lea promener dana celui-ci ; premi-
" element dans une lale enchantee, sejour des
" plaisirs et de la volupte, oH Venus arr^te quelque
" terns Gama et sea compagnons a leur retour de
" la d^couverte et de la conquete des Indes."
9^. be flotfaiu
The episode of Ignez de Castro has also
engaged the attention of this writer, who has
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF THE LUSIAD. 189
9^. fie jflortaiu
traDslated this beautiful passage into French
McrsE, following the original, stanza by stanza.
Vainqueor du Maurei an comble de la ^oire,
L'heureux Alphonse, apres tant de combats,
Croj^ait goAter au sein de ses £tats
La douce paix que doone la victiHre-
O vain espoir ! d'Incz le triste sort '
D'uD ai beau rcgpie a temi la mSmoire ;
Ed traits de sang on lit dans aotre histoire
Qu'Inez obtint te trdne apjia sa mort.
Cruel amour, toi seiil commis te crime !
La tendre Inez ne virait que pour toi ;
Jamais un c<eur ne soivit mieux ta loi,
£t tu la fis expirer ta ncUme I
Ainsi les pleurs des malheureux mortels
Four toi, tjrran, n'ont pas assez de charmes ;
Tu veux encor, non conteut de leurs larmes,
AreC leur sang arroser tea autels.
Le front pari des roses du bel tkge,
Cbarmante Inez, dans une douce erreur
Tu jouissais de ce calme trotnpeur,
Toujours, hdas 1 ai voiain de I'orage.
by Google
190 TRAKra,AT10NS
99* Dt iPortan»
Du Mondjgo, t«mom de ton iirdeur,
Tu parCourou lea cBoipHgnes fleuries,
En r£p£tant aux njnnphei sttendriea
Le Qom qu'amour a gra.y& dans ton cceur.
Un doux lien i ton prince t'engage ;
Le jeune Fddre eit digne de tei feux ;
Un Kul moment s'il e«t loin de tea yeux.
Tout rient aux aiens preienter ton image;
Pendant la nuit-en tonge il est heureux.
Pendant le jour il chercbe ta presence ;
Ce qu'il entendi ce qu'il voit, ce qu'il pense.
Tout est Inez pour eon cceur amoureux.
I, Pddre toujoors fidele,
A dedaigne les fitles de vbgt rois.
O dieu d'amour ! quand on vit sous tea ioi>(
Dans I'univers il n'est plus qu'une belle.
De ses refiis, son vieux p^re irriti,
Apprend bientAt que le peuple en muimnre :
Dea ce moment les droits de la nature
SoDt immolea a son autorite.
he cruel roi, pour vaincre la conatance
lyun fils qui doit Itn.iuccider un jour.
' D,o,l..(iby'GOOglC
OF THS LUSIAD. 191
9$, be jUacUm^
Vent dans le B>ng ^tdndre tant d'amour,
Et sur Inez fait tomber ta Teogeance.
Le fer eit pr£t: ce fer, qui. dans sa main,
I>u rafllant Maure abattit la puistwice,
Menace alors la beautc una defense,
Et le heroa devieot un asaaaain.
Par de* loldat*, mdignement trainee,
Aux piedi d'Alphonse Inez attend sod sort ;
Le roi la plaint et dlKre aa mort :
Maia par )e peuple elle itait condamn^e.
Lea fi)s d'Inez, d^soles et tremblana,
Sur BOD peril t^moignaient leura alarmea:
C'etait pour eux qu'elle venait dei lannei,
Non pour tet jours moini chen que aes enfans.
Leur desespoir, leura pridrea plaintive*
Ont des bourreaux auapendu lei foreun ;
Inez au ciel l^re sea jeux en pleura.
Sea yeux„.„.les fera teoaient sea maina ci^tJTCt,
Elle r^arde, en pouaaant dea aanglota,
Cea'orpheltna dont le aort I'cpouvante ;
Et d'one voix affaiblie et tremblante,
A leor ayeul elle adreaae cea mots :
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
192 TRAHSI^TIONS
9^* Oe jflocfan.
*' Si I'on B vu plui d'un monatre saurage
Pres d*uD enfiuit oublier lee fureure ;
Si I'qu a Tu ce« oUeaus ravieseun
Qui sont toujoun altera de carnage)
Aimer, oqurrir la mere de Ninus,
Comme I'on dit qu'une louve attendrie
Avec Bon lait Boutiat la &ible vie
Des deux jumeaux Romulus et Remua ;
Vous, qui d'un homme avez la reiaemblance,
(Si'l'im ett tel quand on prive du jour.
Four n'avoir pu roister d I'amour,
Un toe faibie et qu'on voit sans defease t)
Oserez-vouB montrer taut de rigueur
A ces enfanB qui demandent ma vie !
Regardez-moi ; je suia aaaez punie
D'avoir su plaire au mattre de mon coeur,
Voui qui gavez d'une main triomphante,
Avec ce glaive k qui tout est soumis,
£xterminer un peuple d'ennemia,
Sachez aujwi sauTer uae innocente.
Si de don Pedre il taut me separer,
Exilez^noi dans la froide Scythie,
Dans les deserts bhilane de la Lybie,
Par-tout, helas 1 oii je pourrai plearer.
flioiir^d by Google
OF THE LU8IAD. IBS
Duu ]e> rochen, loin des lieui ott noiu •ommes,
Chez les liona, capablea d'amhi^,
Je trourerai sans daute \a pjd£
Que je n*ai pu trouver panai let homDiea.
De mes araoara ces fruits triBtea et doux
Rempliront aeuls mon ame d^sol^e ;
Et de mes maux je serai con»oI6e,
En teur voyant les traits de mon £poux."
A ce discours de la tendre victime,
AlphoQse 6ma sent paJpiter ton ccem: ;
Mais les dcstins et le peuple en furear
Ont r^lu de consommer le crime.
Les grands, auteors de ces af&eux complots,
Le fer en main, volent sans plus attendre^....
Ciel I aiT^tez I vous, n^ pour la d^endre,
Voiis, chevaliers, vous lltee les bourreaux 1
Ainsi Pyrrhus, sur la me troyenne,
Voulant ravir k la mere d'Hector
Le seul eniant qui lui restait encor,
Dea bras d'H^cube arracha Pol3rxene.
Comme un agneau destin^ pour rautel)
EUe 8ui*it le li4ros sanguinaire,
Et ne sougeant qu'aux douleurs de sa mere.
Sans murmurer re$ut le coup mortel.
VOL. II. o
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
194 TSANILATIOHS
fl^* Qe Jflocfnt.
T«I Mt In« ; le glaive I'a tnff6e ;
Ce lein d'slbitre oil le dieu de I'amour
Pla(a lOD tr6ne et fixa ioa ■^jow, .
Eat d£chir£ par la tranchante ^^e;
Cee yeux si doux se fenneDt pour janiw>>
Lea assasabs, coaBOmmant leur ouvrage,
Ne pensent pas, dans leur aveugle ragei
Que Pedre ud jour puoira leurs forfaita.
Et toi, aoleil, que le coupable Atr^
Kt reculer loin d'un afireux featin,
Au ! tu devaia reprendre ce chemin
Le jour qu'Inez i la mort fut livrfe.
Et voua, &;hos dii paisible vallon,
A qui >a voix en mourant dit encore
Le nom ch^ri de I'amant qu'elle adore*
En longs Bccens r£p6tez ce doux nom.
Comme la fleur qui, trop tAt moissoun^e,
De la beaut^ pare un moment le eein,
Fndche et brillante aux ray ona du matin,
Et vers le soir languiswmte et faafie;
De mSme Inez, a peine en sea beaux atu>
A deacendu dans la cuit €teraelle
Sar BOD visage une p&leur mortelle
A remptacfi lea rows du priatems.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
or THX 1.VUAD. 1
^, Dt jFbrtoiu
Zifl Hond6go, dana ta coune lointoinc,
N'entend par-toat que de triMea regrets ;
Tout est en deuil ; dea nymphea dea for£ti
Lea pleun bientAt se changent en fbataine^
Ce mODUment dure jusqu'a ce jour ;
Dam toua lea temi mille fleura I'environDeot ;
Et ce beau lieu que dea myrtea couronneni,
S'appelle eocor la Fontaine d' Amour.
if. SL Ito^ebd (BcanbrnafEton.
Aldiough the vdume of this aathor " L«a
** Amoura S^iiqaea; Poeme H&vique.en six
" chants" of which a aecond and enlarged edi-
tion in Sto. was published at Paris in 1811, is
an original work, yet as the last canto is dedi-
cated to the honour of the Portuguese bard, it
is proper to take notice of it in this part t^
these memoirs, and especially as the story of
^nez de Castro is introduced therein.
The work is divided into six cantos, to which
the poems of Homer, Tasso, Ariosto, Jldihtm,
Virgil, and Camoena, affi>rd the sul^ects.
OS
D or .«jhy Google
196 TRANSLATIONS
In bis pTeliminary discourse the author statei:
** Apres les grands poetea 6pique8 dont je vieiu
" de parler, te CamoenB m^rite encore une mention
" honorable, quoiqu'U leur soit bien inf^rieur. D
« ae possede ni le g^nie d'Hom^re et de Milton,
■* ni I'art du Tasse, ni la eenubilit^ de Virgtie, ni la
" riche Tari6t6 de I'Arioste ; maig un style divin lui
" a ralu I'immortalit^ ; mais Itle des K4r£ide« eit
" encbanterewe ; mais I'^pisode d'Ines est une
" source de larmes, et la fiction du g6ant Adama*-
" tor est peut-^tre le chef-d'ceuvre de PSpop^e."
Near the end of this cantO) the aotbor com-
pliments Camoens thus : —
M Enfitt, le Camoens en vera ^blouissans,
" A peint t'ardent plaisir qui d£vore les sens.
" Que dis-je? aux yeux mouillis par ses vers
" pleios de charmes,
" Apres Virgile m^me il fait verser des larmes."*
* M. Uillevoye, in his " InveDtion Po^tique," vrites : —
" Peintre d' Adamanor ! bonneur Mcr4 du Tags!
" Une riche piUue est toa brillsnl partage !
" La nobU inTcntion vint broker t« couleura,
" Et pour ta tendri lait j mfla guelqim pkuTS."
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF THE LUBIAO. 197
jF. SU J^ac&tba (BttaOmalfSmL '
The story of Dona Ignez is thus pvea :
La nymphe c^lfbrait ce roi rempli de gloire,
AloDze, que jamais n'a trahi la victoire,
Et diiait quel malheur an aein de see foyers
' Vmt btiubler son triomphe et souiJler ses lauriere.
Idcs, jeane beaut£ dont l^nocente Samnie
De I'bfiitier du trAne avait ca|itiT6 1'ame,
Fut I'objet que frappa son injoste courraux ;
La fortune contre ^e ^uisa tons ses coups,
Et s'adoucit trop tard pour cette infortun^e ;
Vivante on r(q>primBi morte on I'a couronnee.
C'est toi, cruel Amour, qui causa* son tripas!
Quel crime avaient commis ses innocena appas .'
Avak-elle bravi ta Bnprfime puissance ?
HSas 1 en te livrant son cceur, son innocence.
En gofltant de tea biens les trotnpeuses douceurs,
Derait-elle expirer sous tes coups oppresseurs ?
Tu vis de nos toarmena, tu ris de nos alarmeB,
Tu te plais i tremper tes filches dans nos larmes ;
Mais dans le meurtre aussi dois-tu tremper tes mains,
Et BOuiHer tea autds par le sang des fauniains !
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
198 TRANSLATIOirB
JF. ja. ^ar0el]al d^canomaftson.
Tu Tirau, belle InSa, heureuse et tendre amantfl,
Et go&Unt dans le Hid d'uue ivrene channanU
Cet amour dont souvent le prestige tioaipeur
S'envole et se dissout en brillante vapeur ;
Tu cueillais le doux Aiitt de tea jeunes anD6M :
Quellea nuits rempla^aient tea channantes jaum^!
Oh ! que du Mond^go les bords d^Iicieox
Virent de fois I'amour humecter tea beanx yenx 1
Que de fbia tu redis i son charmant bocage
Le nom du prince heureuz qui pour jamais t'engagel
Mais luii ... lui aaoa te Ttur a'il passait ua seul jour,
8es charmBDH souvenirs, ses deux petsera d'amour
En foule se pressaient dam son ame attendrie ;
^r-tout croyait voir son amante cb^rie,
Contempler de son teint I'^lat pur et venneiL
n lui parle, il I'feoute, et mime en son sopimeili
Rfrrant sea doux busera sur un lit solUaire,
n en sarouie encor le channe imaginaire.
Le jour il est s^uit par un charme nouTeau ;
Voit-il un pr£, voit-il un beau lac, un ruisseau i
D se croit dans les lieux si cbera H «a lendresae;
A son cceur, i ses yeux tout montre sa mattrease.
Glwre des conqu^rans, tu n'es plus qn'un vain bruit,
Qu'un prestige trompeur que I'amour a d^truit;
Alors Bfm casta ipth ne veut plus d'autrea chatnea :
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
or TH£ LUSIAO. 199
jF* Si, ^mlAA iSvaTfimaiHoh.
Qb'od ne lai parle plus de princesses, de reioes.
Iocs a r^uni toiis oes vceuz les plus chen ;
Let bords du Moad^go, voQi son univers,
Hais qu'ils pSssent bient6t ces beftux jours deia^!
Deqnebmaux tropseuv^it leur douceur est suivwl
£t combien le plaiair quand son eclair a lui
Ajonte k la douleur qui se tratne ^ircs tui >
Don Pd^C) c*eet le nom de cet amant fid^e.
En vain cherit Iocs ; il faut B'£loigner d'elle :
Akmze est roi, conunande, et son fils doit soudain
Conduire ses guerriers vers le bord africaio.
Pour partir avec lui d^ja t'escorte est pr^te :
Le triste amant gtoit, il se trouble, il s'arrf te ;
Ines cache aes yeux dans les larmes noyes,
II la f egarde encore, il retombe a ses pieds ;
II Boupire, il (tiadt ; dans son trouble tnneste
B cberche a recueillir la force qui lui reste;
Enfin dea bras d'ln^ il s'ecfaappe, il a fuL
Elle veut I'arrtter, . elle vole apr^ lui ;
Mais le prince est d£ja dans le char qui I'emporte.
11 part, environDJ de sa brillante escorte;
In^ frappe les airs de cent cris superflua,
Le prince est d^a loin, dejit na I'eateDd ^hs ;
o 4
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
200 TRANSLATIONS
Elle apperfoit du char la trace toumoyantei
Entend rouler sa roue en ga route bruyante,
6es rapides courBiera Kgerement coarir>
Et son bruit par degres t'&aigaet et tnourir :
Enfin perdant aa vue, elle reste immobilet
Elle sent ud friison glacer son cxbut d^bile ;
Elle tombe. En aet bras la femme qui la suit
La regoit et la parte en boq humble r^duit.
Ce n'^tait pas en vain que de I'infbnun^e .
L'ame avait pressenti sa noire deatinee :
Alonze de son fils avait souffert I'amour,
Dans I'ecpoir que le terns pourrait I'^teindre un jour;
Mais voyant sa duree, il songe a la couronne
Qui bautement reclame un h^ritier du trfine.
Cette faiblesse alors n'eat plus qu'un attentat
Contraire'k I'interft, au bonheur de I'etat ;
II &nt que de I'etat In^a meure victime :
Et Toila done ce roi li grand, ai magDanime 1
Voila ce conquerant vainqueur de taut de rois,
Soua qui TAfrique entiere a tremble tant de fma I
A peine pour voguer yen la terre arricaine
Don PMre eut-il quitt^ la rive luzitaine,
Les ennenuB d'Inea devinr«it triomphana.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF THE LtJSIAD. 20)
jF. 9. ^Mr^ebal (^antrmafffon.
D^ja priBCi encbalnee ainai que aes enfiuiB,
Poiuaant des cris per dus pour ces ames de bronze,
On la traine au palau, elle est aui pieds d'Alonze.
Mais a peine a-~t~il vu ce teint, cette pMeur,
Et ces traits ai trypans, ces gnmds traita du malheur,
Cea en&ns, de bod fila portraits remplia de charmea,
Embraaaant sea genaux, lea baignant de leurs larmes,
H ae trouble, il entend dana son coeur attendri
La nature Jeter un lamentable cri ;
n r^toufie, et le cri d'un peuple aanguinaire
Refoule dans son cceur lea a^itiinena d'un pere.
Mais Inea, ah ! quel est son trouble en cet iostant !
Elle ne fr^mit point du trepaa qui I'attend j
Mus le coeur qui du sien fit aa douce hsbitudef
Quelle eu sera bient^t rhorrible aolitude i
Et aea triatea en&na que deviendra leur aort !
Touches de aes douleurs, lea miniatrea de mort
Eux-mfimeB g^misaaient, aanglottaient autour d'elle ;
De sealGers ennemla la fureur etincdle.
Inee levait an ciel et vera cea inbumaiua
Sea yeux ... helaa ! des fera chRrgeaient ses faiblea
mains;
Ec regardant aprea sea enfana, dont la vue
Plonge au fond de son ccEur un poignard qui la tuet
D,o,i..ci by Google
$08 TBAHaLATIORS
iF. 81* ^acgtbei <Statioaud0tin.
-Sea malheureuz eufans lang secoim, et but eux
Tnut prf ts 'a voir tomber un sort si rigoureux,
Fait eclaiter sea cris et aa doulenr profoade.
Les aerre dans aea braa, de larmea lea iaonde ;
Enfin i leur denl elle parle en cea mota t
" Puiaqu'on a tu jadia de cruela animaux
AUaiter dea enfana au fond de leur repaire ;
Voua, ai j'en croia mea yeux, homme et monarque
et pdre,
.Serez-voua plua cruel) et repouaaerez-voua
De malheureux ertfans embrasaant vos genoux i
Ik ne sODt plua a moi que la mort en aepare,
Ila Mint a vbtre fila .... ila aont a Toua, barbare
A voua, qui leur devea Ti>tre coeur, tos lecoura.
Je ne vaua parie point de conaerver mes joura ;
Baignez-voue, s'il le feut, dana le aang d'une femine
Que voire fils aima, qui partagea >a flamme.
IVappes .... maia cea enfans, quel crime ont-ila cmn-
Si cependant. vainqueur de nos fiera ennemia,
Vous armez centre eui aeula votre jiute vengeance.
Si la victoire en voua n'iteint paa la demence,
J'oae eap^rer encor, non pour moi, Ddais pour Voua
Q^int^reaae du moins le aort de nwn ipoux.
D,o,i..ci by Google
at THE LUBIAD. 205
Qne d'uD affi^uz tr^pas votu Muiverez ma tCte ;
Mod ^oui peut mourir dey coups que I'Dn m'ap-
prtte,
Oil bien il trahiera ses jouri, charg^ d'ennui :
SouStei que loin de tous, h£liu ! et loin de lui,
Je coure eDsevelir ma miaere profounde
Dani les clitnala brOlanst am bords glacis du monde,
Et que j'obdeane au maioB dea monalrea des d^aerU
La piti^r qiu n'ett plus ailleun dans ruiuTere.
L&, mes fill m'ofiriront ton image ador^e,
Cher et Aineste epoux ; 1^ ta femme £p)or4e
Pour toi txnaervcTA ce pr^cieuz tr^aor,
Et pourra dana leurs toMta te retrouver encor,"
Contre Inia a ces moU Alonze n'a ptua d'armet ;
Jiuqu' au fond de son cmur il a senti sea larniei :
U ventt il n'ose absoudre, il fr^mit d'imaioler,
Le pardon de sa bouche eat prCt a s'exhaler ;
Mais a cette piti^ molle et puaillanime
Lea huiiemens du peuple arrachent la victime.
Lea grands mfime, lea grands, 6 monstres d^teet^ !
Ceurant le fer en main... Barbares, arr£tez !
Tremblezu. pour tous punir lea tortures sont pr£tes ;
Ce sang retombera sur vos coupabtes tites ;
Mais il jaillit d^ji, d^ja sous les contesux
D,o,i..ci by Google
204 TRANSLATIONS
JF. 3L ^antttial <Bvtaiamai$lm,
II coule a gros bouilloDS, il teint de sea ruisseaur
Ce cou dont les baiserg d'une boucbe idoUtre
Seuls jusqu'^ ce moment avaient tougi I'albatre ;
£t ce Bein ravissatit par I'atnour aoim^,
Ce aein, le plus farikit qu'il ait jamaiB form^.
Lichee ! et voila done votre victoire infame !
Un p£re, dea enfaoa, im £poux, ime femme,
Vous leg asgassinez.... O vengeance ! 6 fureur !
Et toi> aoleil, et to! qui reculas d'horreur
Quand tu via !e festin des a&eui F^lopides,
Vois Be d^battre Inea en des bras homicides,
En embrassant les pieds d'un monarque bourreau ;
Vois, fr^mia, et recule a ce forfeit nouveaui
Elle meurt, et sa roii et sea Idvres encore
Murmurent le doux nom du prince qu'elle adore ;
Elle meurtt et cea traita, ce teint decolore,
Ces yeux, ce fronts., la mort a done tout d^rore !
Ainsi la fleur des champs qu'une vierge moissonne
Pour en parer son front, en former sa couronnei
Ed vain cbarmait les yeux i son briUant madnt
Elle se fanet un soir a fini son deatin ;
Ainsi pw le tr^as cette beaute fletrie
Perd I'^clat dont brillait le matin de sa vie,
Et se decolorant, exhale en uii aeul jour
See parfums, sa fraicheur, aa vie et son amour.
D,o,i..ci by Google
07 TRE LUSIAD. z05
Du tritte Mondego les nymphea diaol^,
De leun crla douloureux reinplirent kb vallfei,
Et pour ^terniBer leurs profondes douleurs,
En sources dans cee lieux convertirent leurs pleurs,
Y gravereot d'ln^e rhistoire deplorable ;
Elle est de leurs regrets le monument durable,
£t chere ^ tous les cceure des bergers d'alentour,
Elle s'appelle encor la footaine d'Amour.
IN THE GERMAN LANGUAGE.
We are informed that there are four transla>-
tions of the Lusiad in the German language ;
but whether the specimen of a translation moi-
tioned hereafter, and which contains only the
first canto, be or be not comprised in that num-
ber, has not as yet been ascertained by the
author of these memoirs, in whose collection
the two versions, irom which the following
extracts are ^ven, and the above specimen,
are contained.
D,o,i..ci by Google
206 niAMSLATlOHff
Cad '^eo&oc SSlfnfcler.
Oie Lusiade des Camoens. Aus dan Port»-
giesiichen in Deutsche ottavereime iibersetzt.
Leipzig in der Wetdmannischen BuekhandJung.
1607. 600.
In tlie title page of thU volume, which it
dedicated to Count Carl Bosc, cabinet secre-
tary of state, &c. to the King of Saxony, are
the arms of Portugal ; and from the signatnret
at the end of the dedication the work i^jpean
to be the joint production of Freidiich Adolph
Knhn and Carl Theodor Winkler.
The pre&ce states the motives for the under-
taking, by which it would appear that there
existed no earlier translation of this poem in
the German language, and that it was only
after this had been put to press, that the begin-
ning of another version had made its appear-
ance.
„i..cihyGooj^le
OP THE L08IAD. SOT
Carl ^lieotiin; ^(nllrr.
Some Dodces t^ the life of Camoens follow
the pre&ce, arid at the end of the poem, vbUk
is in ottava-rima, are a few atmotationt.
Und, bIs A]phoi» zur Heimadi uch gewendet.
Begleitet von des Si^ea Heil und Segen,
Um, wie der harte Krieg ihm Ruhm getpendet.
Glsich rufamToll aucfa dea Friedens Flor zu hegen ;
Da ward die ewig graiue That vollendet,
Dis Todte moctit' in ihrer Gruft bewegen.
Der Liebe ward schmadiTotler Tod zum Lohne,
JJnd in der Gruft tiiigt lie die Koaigakrone!
Du, Liebe t nur in jede finut gegoaien.
Die Jedea Herz mit wilder M acht umwindet,
Halt ihren Blick dem Tageslicht TerechltMsen,
Ala ob Me Dir neb treuloa je veritundet ;
Wenn alle ThriineD, welche Dir gefloaien,
Nur hoher iteto noch D«nea Durst eatziiodet ;
So kann an Deinen fruchtbareren Altiren
Nor Menachenblnt Dir Opfer nocb geiriihren !
Von Ruhe, holde Ine« ! mild^unfangen,
Bnck D^M Hand der Jahre schdne Bliite
.Do,T«Jhy Google
208 TRAN8LAT10KS
Carl ^toitov OQlfnUnr.
XJnd frolie heitre Tausctiungea umschlangen,
B«ld dem Gesdbick zu weichen, das Gemutbe;
Den Bergen nur vertrauend das Verlangen
Nach ihmi dess Name Dir im Herzen gluht«,
In des Mondego blumenreichen Auen,
Wo Doch die Augen nicht von Tbranen thmieii.
Dort suchen Dicb die steten Phantasien,
Die mild um Deinea Fiirsten Seele schweben,
Da«8 detner zlige Schattea zu ihm flieben,
Wenn fern er muss den schiinen Augen leben,
Una Traiime Nachts ihm sanft voriiber ziehen,
GedtfUken ihn am Tage froh umweben,
Denn, was er sinnt und seine Blicke schauen,
Wird ihm Erinnening und ihm Vertrauen.
Er flieht den Fiirstentiicbter bobes Prangen
Und schoner Frauen vielb^ehrte Hand,
Denn treue Liebe will ja nicbts verlcingen,
Wenn sie der Eincn Ueblich Antlitz ftmd.
Doch, zlirnend solchem kubnen Unterfangen,
Bereitet schon der vater Widerstand,
Der klug iind alt des Volkes Murren achtet,
Weil noch der Sobu nacli keiner GatUn trachtet.
by Google
OF THE LDBIAD. S0£
Cact ^ttibov QlUtnUer*
Dnim will er Ines mm der Erde rauben
Und ibr den Sohn, d^n Uebend sie verbunden,
Mit ihrem Blut, deu hat er festen Glauben,
Sey auch der Liebe Flamme bald verschwunden !
O ! welche Wuth mag Mannero ea erlanbeiii
Das Bcharfe Schwert, das Mobren iiberwunden.
Nun gegen eioeB zarten Weibea Leben
Und gegen ihre Tfariinen aufiEofaeben 1
Und aU sie nun die rauhen Knedite bringen
Und schon der Kiinig fuhlt des mitleids Reg«D,
Wird lauler auch des wilden Votkea Dringen,
fiOt Gronden ifan uun BloUprocb zu bewegen ;
Ea will ibr Buaen fast vor Web zeispringen,
DocJi ifare Bnut webs Scbmerzen nur zu hegen
Um ihrea FuTsten, ihrer Sohne willen j
Der eigne Tod kann nicht mit Giaun Bie fullen.
Dem reinen Hinunel ist sie zi^kehret,
AKt Thrwen in d^i wehmutharoDes Blicken,
X>eDn Fesseln haben ihre Hand bescbweret.
In dis sie rauh die wilden Knechte drucken ;
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
210 TRANSLATIONS
Cart '^eoBor itOlfnltlec.
Vni, dft ne zu den Eleiaea lich gekehrat.
Die Lieblichen noch einmal angublicken, —
Ach ! bald ala anne Waisen zu beklagen,
Mum lie dem harten Ahnherm dieies sagen ;
Wenn wilde Thiere ielbit, von der Natur
Zum rohen Tri^ der Graiuamlceit geboren,
Wena Vogel hoher Luftc^ grinimig our
In ifarer Beute matteo Raub verloren,
MiUeidig folgend zarter Liebe Spur,
Sich SaugUnge but Pflegung auBerkoren,
Wie man von Niuus Mutter hat verkuodet
Und TOD dec Brudem, welche Rom gegrundet.
So nlmm Du ! dem ein meuBchlich Here gegeben,
Wenn menichlich heisit, die Scbwache zu verderbeDi
Weil ihr in Llebe sich ein Herz ergeben,
Dai liebend wusste Herr>cbaft m erwerbeo;
So nimm in Schutz die zarten jungen Reben,
Da zander Mitleid* ich bestimmt zu Bterbra 1
Erbarme dich, um ihrer — meiner willen,
Kann Deiuea Zom auch nicht die Unicfauld stUlen!
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF THE LCSIAO. xU
Cat! 'CtifOQor S&lfrUtler.
Und, weim Dein Wort, die Mohren zu bezwingen,
Mit Schwert und Flammen bittern Tod rerbreitst.
So mag ea der auch gnadig Leben bringen,
Die Die zu Schand' und FrerdL aiugegleitet ;
Und, Bolt der Unscbuld Atlei nicht gelingen.
So tey mir der VerbannuBg Qual bereitet,
Ob Scjthieiu Eia, ob Lybien mich umfkngc,
In Hiranen nur zu leben, triib and bange !
Verbanne noich weit in die oden Grunde
Da Xreu'n and Tiger, und ich werde tebea,
Ob icb bei ihnen irgend Mitldd finde,
Daa Menichea mir sicbt wtdlten zugettdieii ;
Dau dort icb meiner Liebe Glut verkiiade,
Fiir die ich hII zu herbem Tode gehen,
Und, mir zntn Treat auf meinem rauhen W^e,
Als Mutter seine Sproasen liebend pflege.
El will den Konig schon die That gereuen,
Geruhrt *on ihren Worten, ihrem Bange
Und dennocb soil >ie Rettung nidit erfreuen,
Da Volk und Sdiickaal ihren Tod rerlangen.
P 3
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
912 TBAHflLATlONS
jfrfcbrfcg iaoolp^ lui|n
Die 8<^werter blitzen, wild sie zu bedraiient
Ab wiireii aie in gnter That be&ngen,
Ihr woUt eio Weib, ihr Henkerseelen quitlen
Und RitterhSnde gegen Frauen stahlm i
Wie gegen Polyxepa's scbone Bliite,
Die einzig noeb der Mutter Troat gewahrte,
Mit scharfem Schwerte PjrrrhuB Wuth entgliihte,
Weil sie Acbill im Scbattenreich begehrtC)
Und sie zum Himmel aah mtt aanfter Gitte,
Bin duldesd Lamm der zahmen scbwacben Heerdei
Und nocb cinmal ins Mutterantlitz blickte
Und dann sich an zum Opfertode scbickte ;
iSo gegen Ines aucb der Morder Bande,
Die frecb und grimmig scbon die Schwerter schwan*
gen,
Und, achtlos aller Strafen solcber Schande,
Den Mannorhala mit kaltem Stabl durcbdnmgcn,
Die weUse Bliite welket bin zum Sande,
An welcher nocb der Augen Tbriinen hangen.
Die Bliite, die den Konigssohn bezwungen,
Und nocb itn Tod das Dicdem ermngen 1
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
OF TB£ LUBIAO. Si!
itUatU^ sonify lu^
WoU mochtat Da mit Deiner Augen StraMe
O Sonne ! Dich, von tolchem AnbUck weoden,
Wie Ton der Sohne blutbeflecktem Mahle,
Thyeaten einit gereicht too Brudertuinden.
Ihr boret noch, o schattenrdche Umle I
Dw letxte Wort die kalten Lippen apenden,
Den Namen ibres Pedro hort ihr waUen,
DaH Ung ibn nocb die Felsen wiederhallen.
Wie eine aarte Blum' in froben Lenzen,
Die bolde Farben rein und kdstlich schmitcken,
Mit tolchem Schmelz die Haare zu bekransen,
Vor ihrer Zeit dea Miidcbens Hande pfliicken,
Venchminden iat der Farben prangend Glanaeni
So ift die bleiche Todte zu erblicken,
E« lind die Lilien der zarten Wangen,
Die Rown mit dea Odems Haucb Tei^angen !
Moch lange werden, tnlb'in bangem Sebnen,
Mondegoi Tocbter Inea Tod beklagen,
£a muBB ein Quell, sum Zeugnisii ihrer Thriinen,
Von Inea Liebe aeinen Namen tragen,
F S
by Google
214 TRAMBLjLTIOHS
Cod W^toum iUUfnIIec.
Von ihrem Gliick und ihrem froben Wiihiico,
Dm er Temommen, Eucde rteU su sagen,
Und frische Blumeii werden ringium Bchwelleti,
Seio Nam' iat Lieb* and TliraneD Bind die Welloi.
m C. C* ^eiiete.
Die Lutiade, Heldengedicht von Camoentt
atu dem Fortugiesischen ebersetxt von Dr C. C^
Heite. Hamburg und AUona bet Gottfried
VoUmer. S vols. \2mo.
In the title page is the line : —
■* Hatti Roner, *'*it"* tt dennddi von Oennanai."
And an address to the poet, in ten stanzas, is
preceded by :
•• Vit OotMnii triMldi dii die cigneB Gaben."
The translation is rendered in eight line
ct^nzas. An argument is givea before each
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF THE LUBIAD. 215
ftc €, €. Utisit,
cvato, and at the end of the volumea «re Ktme
notes, various readings, Stc
Vollendet hat du Qliick des Kriegei Ldden,
AifoDM kehrt ins htitre Vaterland ;
Der Segea lacht, die Hiilie stiller Freuden,
Ala eine That das Licht der Sonne fand;
Im Grausen von der Gruft dsn Tod zu shuden,
Und leben tod der Brust, die sie empfiuid,
bn Sarge ruht die schonste Schlafenon,
Bekleidet mit dem Sdimuck der Koniginn,
O liebe 1 hold, wie lichte Maiensmmen,
Du zwingst das Herz in uns mit wilder Macht,
Als batte sie den Kainpf mit dir begonnen,
Trieb deine Fackel sis eu Fein and Nscht ;
Des Leidens Tbi£ne hat dich nie gevoonen.
Nor inehr des Durstes Qualen angefacht,
Der Opfer Blut, each deinem strengen Willen,
Netxt den Altar, dein Sehnen dir zn stiUen.
No<^ hatte Ridie segnend dich erkohren,
O Ines ! und der Bliiten milde Zeit,
Noch ireilst du im begliickten Traum ver loren.
Den fliichtig nur der Jugend Loos verleiht i
r *
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
SI€ TBAKSLATtONB
9DC C* C. Ht^a*
Mond^os Flur, noch nicht dem sdimerz geboreni
Hat zur Vertrsutea sich dein Blick geweibt,
Sie horcht dem NaineDj der zom Echo schwebt,
Und aelig dir im treuen Bua^i lefat.
Und deines Fiimen lieberolle Klagai
Entgldten sehnend durch den Wiederhall,
Ob fern von dir ihn Pflidit und Schickssl tragen,
Dich sidit seia Auge nah im Weltenall J
Der Tag b^inot und fliefat, tod dir zu eagen,
Durch Nachte Uingt der eiisien Worte Schall,
Dein Biid, in holier Aomuth SounenUcht,
R^ Qiialen, dodi er ISsBt M eirig nicht.
Und keine Ftintinti lockt mit eitlem Pnngen,
Und er vetshmaht zu folgen einem Throo ;
Oh wafare Liebe I wen dein Arm um&ngesi
Veiachtet jeder fremden Herrin Lohn.
Der Vater ziimti mit gliihendem Verlangen,
Auf Hinen Erbec, den verfiihrten Sohn,
Ea murrt daa Vaik, und strebt im wilden Wehe
Nach dec Infknten wiirderoller Ehe.
Zu rauben ihr das milde achooe Leben,
EntscUieait er sich, die ibm den 8<^ geraab^
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
OF THE LU8IAD. 217
&>r C C. mtifle.
Dem Liebenden des Opfera filut zu gebeni.
So IcMchen aewe Flammen, wie er glaubt ;
O Hollengeister miiMen dich umwebenl
Auf einer Sdiooen waffenlocet Haupt
Den reinen Stohl zu ziickeo, detgen Mscbt
Die Flucht gebot in edler Mohrenachlacht.
Schoa Bcfaleppen de der Wuth geduogne Enechtc
Zum Kdnig in den Kreis der Streogen fort,
£r wird geridirt, doch seiner Milde Rechte
Zeratort dw VoUc, gebietet laut den Mord.'
In ThraneD zum verhlendeten Geschlechte
Flieut unerweichend ihrer Hulde Wort,
Um dea Geliebten Leid tn ieraer Flva,
Um ihre Kind^ bnigt die Mutter nur.
Sie achlagt die Augen zu dea Himinelg Blaue,
Zh dera Erbarmer auf, ach ! nur den Blick,
Unwiirdig halt der Fesseln harte Reihe
Die- zarte Hand, der Liebe Preis, zurlick ;
Die Mutter wankt, in ihrer letzten Treue,
Zu ibrem kleinen Paar, dea Iri>enB Gliidc,
Verlassen soil ne ea, und zzttemd, leiie,
Beginnt zum Mrengen Ahn dea Flebena Weia&
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
Sis TRAMBI^TiONS
SDr C. C, mtUlt.
Wenn Thiere, die den graaun Wald bewobnen,
, Und irilder Vdgel tchreckliche Natur,
Die det be»eelten Maien Regioneo
Hit Morde triiben, aod der Liifte Flur,
Eitiannen hegen, das Vertrauea lohaen,
Wie Ninui bohe Mutter einit erfubr,
Und jeoe Briider in der Wiilfinn Klauen,
Durch die itch Roma* R-acbt und Rohm
So bore du da* Hen, mit Kuftem Schlagen I
Erbarmen komme menBChlich mir durcb djch,
Du trSgst des Himroeli wonneTolleo Segen,
Der Menschen AntliU ; Todten willit da midi i
Die Liebe durcb die Lid>e ni erregeq,
Ruft dieie Schuld den Dolch der Strenge rich i
Der Enkel Uiuchuld gehe dir zu Herzen,
Hegrt du die Goade nicht fur meine Schmersoi.
Du konnteat ja die Mohren iiberwinden,
Und Knden bittern Tod, der Holle Qual,
So sieg' auch nun 1 law mich Erbarmen findeut
Mit m«nen Sbhnen im Tert)orgnen Thai ;
Dort will ich biiiaen, und in dunklen Griindeii,
Mein Haupt verbergen vor der Sonne Stnhl,
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OS THE LOBIAD. Si!
3)r C. C. ^ttgt.
Am SiAaeededeckteD Pol, im hebten Siiden,
Und weinea ohne Schuld, Terbannt) gemicden.
Ds werd' ich aantiea Mitgcfuhl eotdeckeoi
Wie es der Meiuchen Seele nie bewegt :
Die Lowen briillen, gratue Tiger schreckeii,
Vidleicht daw mir ein Herz entgegenschl'agt ;
Dort du Gemiith der Tugend zu erwecken.
In deiMD Kindem, den mein Buaen hegt,
Piir den ich willig lelbat den Tod erleide,
Sey der Valaicnen Mutter gonze Freude.
Der Eonig Itiucht geriibrt den bangen Tonen,
Und Gnade kiindet ichon aein Angeudit,
Ihr Schickial, Keinem Flelien zu vergohnen,
Und stolze Rltter horen diese nicht,
Daa Eisen Ut gezUdtt zum Tod des Schonea,
Und wilde Stimmen rufen ea als Pflicht;
Wia i gegen Frauen wollt ihr tafrfer aejo,
Durch Meuchelmord der Ahnen Blut entweihn?
Wie PyrrhuB elnat, gerufen von den ShatteOi
Den Dolch erhob auf Polixenas Bruct,
Da* Tode80|rf'er weibend f iir den Gatten,
Dee Mutterherzens einzig linde Liut ;
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
220 TBAKBLATI0N8
Snr C, C. Hiti&t^
Geduldigi wie ma Lamm auf griinen Mitten,
Kdirt tie, dei Lohns der Gotter lich bewuMt,
Du Auge noch zu Hirer Mutter Ilranen,
Und neigt dch dann dem fitahl mit heitrem Sehnen.
So riuten tich die Frerler mit Verderben,
Nim trifit ihr Schwerdt die Briut der holden Fraui
Und weiuer Bliimea Pracht und Wonne tterben,
8ie weiken, feucht noch von der Zalirea Hutu ;
Der KonigHohn, um ihre Hutd zu werbeU)
Entfloh dem Scblow, erkohr die Hirtenau,
Und BcJunucktc, zu der Llebe hochstem Lohne,
Den bleichen Tod mit s«ner V(it«r Krone.
Oh Sonne ! fliehat du nicht an diesem Tage i
Wie Ton Thyeit am echaudervollen Mabl,
Als dem Gefuhl der vaterlichen Klage
Sich zijmend barg der Milde reiner Strahl.
Den siissen Hauch, der Wehmuth letzte S^e,
Empfangt deb Schattennald, vertrautes Thai !
Und.Pedros Nmnen horst du leise wallen,
Noch lange nifen ihn der Echo Hallen,
Wie del erwachten Maien liebite Pflanze,
Durcb loser Madchen Hand, vor ihrer Z^t,
Do,T«jhyGobj^le
OF THE LttaiAD. 221
3}c C. C. ^tUlt,
Der Flur entwendet, in ertilichneD Glanze
Die Blatter lenkt, katmi mebr den Duft veretreati
So ruht die Huldiao bus MondegM Kranze,
£rloechen in der Jugend Lieblichkeit ;
Die Lippe schweigt, der Augen siiisee Llcht,
Und keioe Rose blUht dem Angeucht.
Der Schwestem frorome Herzen weinten iange
Um die Gespielinn, ihrer Liut verliehn ;
Ea wallt eia Bach mit traurig holdem Klange
Von ihren Thranen durch Moodegoi GrUoi
£r kimdet uni, in ewigen Getange, /
Mit Ines Gliick, daa Leid, da« ihm enchien.
Die Blnmen wachsen frohlich aeiner Hut,
Und Liebe heiuti sua ThriiDeD riont die Ftulb.
janon;mou0.
Prinmro Canto das Lusiadas At Cam5es Com
nooa Versao AUema de R. Hamburgo tta Liv-
raria de Frederico Perthes. flSOB.J
This is the title of a little publication of 74>
pages, wherein the Portuguese is ^ven oppo-
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
8S8 TBANH^TIONB
site the traiulation. On the outside is **Prcie
einer neuea uebersetamg der iM^ade des Cameu
Hamburg b^ Friedrich Perthes" Whether the
author of this spedmen proceeded or not with
his undertakiiig has not beec ascertained by
the writer of these memoirs.
Besides the three publicalitHis b^ire de-
scribed, M^nhard Ii stated to have beautifiilty
translated some passages of the story of Ines
de Castro in Den GiL Beytr. zn den Brainu-
chwig Antrejgen. 1762. St 85. p. IdS; also
ofthe^paritionofthe Cape. Sl S6. p. SIO.
IK THE EKaLISH LANGUAOI.
In the English language are the fbUowing
translations : —
&fr Vtfdacb iFan]3(a1»«
The Lutiad, or PortugaTs HisioricaU Poem :
written in the PortingaU language by Luit de
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
Camoem, and tunc newfy put into English b^
Sickard Fanskmot Esq.
Signmm Laudt vintn Muta Mtal OMrij
Camm amat juitquii, Carnine dignafaeiL
London .- printed for Hmapkrey lioselet), at
the Grinds Arms, in St PatiTs Chvrch Yard.
M.DCXV. Folio.
Sir Kichard Fanshav was the youngest son
of Sir Henry Fonahaw, of Ware Park, in Hert-
fordshire ; and was created a baronet by King
Charles the first, at the siege of Oxford.
Having finished his studies at Cambridge,
and travelled on the continent, he was appoint-
ed secretary to the Prince of Wales. On the
restoration of Charles II. in 1660, he was no-
minated Master of B«quests, and held some
other Bitnations at home. His residence, how-
ever, in foreign courts, as well during his tra-
vels as during the late king's exile, having
greatly qualified him for diplomacy, he was
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
S2i TBANSI^TIONB
sent as Envoy Eztraordinar}- to the court of
Portugal ; and ahortly afterwards appointed am-
bassador. It was during his onbaaay to Lisbon,
that the contract for the marriage between his
Sorer^gn and the Princess of Portugal was
entered into.
On his retom, in 166S, he was made one of
the privy council ; and appointed a second time
ambassador to Spain, having been reudent
there during the late King's reign. Here he
died of a fever in 1666, and in the fifly-ninth
year of his age.
His wife,* an excellent woman, who had aa-
companied him to the court of Spun, had hit
body brought to England, and interred in the
parish church of Ware.
Sir Richard was eminently skilled in modon
languages, and translated ** The Pastor Fldo
" of Guarini," a dramatic poem, from the Spa-
* He readei is referred far wine account of thli txemjiltrj
Udj to Sewwd'a Anecdout, in almost erer; volume of whidl
woA, honuunble reccndi eiiat erf' her amiable diqxnition aad
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OF THE LUBIAD. 225
nlsh, " Qaerer por solo Querer," " To love
" <Hily to love," and many other pieces id
prose and verse ; amongst which was the poem
of Camoens. Several -of his pieces were pub-
lished without having received the lastyrevisioQ
of Sir Richard, and without hb consent, hav-
ing, from the unsettled state of the country at
that unfortunate period, and during the vicis-
utodes which marked the King's reign, fallcm
into the hands of persons incapable to judge
of the proprie^ of ffving them to the world
without such revision.
The translation is- dedicated to the Earl of
StrafEbrd. Preceding the poem, which is em-
belliahed with whole-length portraits of Prince
Henry of Portugal, and of Vasco de Oama, is
an extract Irom the gatyricon of Petronius Ar-
biter, accompanied by Fanshaw's translation ;
and at page 47) the sonnet, which Tasso wrote
in praise of the Portuguese bard, is given with
an English version.
The portrait of Camoens, with the unpar-
donable mistake respecting hb eye^ mentioned
in the prefiice to these memoirs, appears oppo-
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
226 TRANSLATIONS
bit %H^atb Jfan0^ato,
site the title. Baieath it are the following
lines: —
Spainb gaae me noble Birth i Coimbra, Arti :
Lisbon, a h^h-plac't loue, and Courtly partt .-
AvFBiCK, a Jtefuge when tht Court didjrofene!
WaebE) at an Eye% eapencci ajaire renowne .-
Tbavatlki experience, with noe short sight
0^ India, and the World ; both which I write
India a life, tuMcA Igaue there for Lost
On Mecons wauea fa wreck and Exile J tost
To boot, this POEM, held up in one hand -
IVhiitI mth the other / swam safe to land.
Tasso, a sonet ; and (wAat's greater y(t)
7^0 honour to giue Hints to tuch a witt.
Philip a Cordiidl, fthe ill Fortune lee I J
To cure my Want* when those had nrai kill'd mee
My Country (Nothing — yesj Immortali Prayn
(so did I, Her J Beasts cannot browze on Bayes,
Mickle classes Sir Richard Fanshsw's trans-
lation with that of Mr Duperron de Casterg,
which he denominates a loose unpoetical para-
phrase. " Though, in the English translation,
*' stanza be rendered for stanza, though at
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
or THE LUSIAD. S87
*■ first view it has the appearance of being ex-
** ceedingly literal, this venion is neverthelew
" exceedingly unMtbAil. Uncoontenanced by
" bis original, Fanshaw — teems with many a
" dead-bom jest; nor had he the least idea of
" the dignity of the epic style, or of the true
" spirit of poetical translation."
]!tlickle adds in a note, " He had a taste for
' " lit^ature, and translated &om the Italian s^
** veral pieces, which were of service in the re-
" finement of our poetry. Though his Lnsiad,
*' by the dedication of it to ffilliam. Earl ot,
" Strafford, dated May 1, 1655, seems as pab-
" lisbed by himself, we are told by the editor
*' of his letters, that * during the unsettled
" ' times of our anarch/, some of his MSS.
" * &Uing by misfortune into unskilful hands,
** ' were printed and published without his
" ' consent or knowledge, and before he could
*< ' give them his last finishing strokes: such
" ' was his translation of the Ludads.'
" The great respect due to the memory of
" a gentleman, who, in the unpropitious age
" of a Cromwell, endeavoured to cultivate the
Do,-.«jhyGooj^le
!28 TRANSLATIONS
fefr Rlc^ocb ifanisgato.
< English muses, and the acknowledgment of
* bis friend, that his Lusiad received not his
( fitiinTiing strokes, may seem to demand that a
* veil should be thrown over its faults. And
' not a blemish should have been pointed out
' by the present translator, if the reputation of
' Camoens were unconcerned, and if it were
' not a duty he owed his reader, to give a
' specimen of the former translation. We have
' proved that Voltaire read and drew hia opi-
' Qion of the Lusiad from Fanshaw; and Rapin
■ most probably drew his from the same source.
' Perspicuity is the character of Camoens; yet
' Rapin says, his verses are so obscure they ap-
' pear like mysteries. Fanshaw is indeed, so
' obscure, that the present translator, in dip^
' ping into hini in ports which he had even
' thai translated, has often been obliged to
' have recourse to the Portuguese, to discover
' his meaning. Sancho Fanzs was not fond-
* er of proverbs. He has thrust many into
' his version. He can never have enough
' of conceits, low allusions and expressions.
' When gathering of flowers, ' as boninas
D,o,i..ci by Google
OP THE LUSIAD. £29
&fr %(($«« jfaiuftiato.
** ( ajMfihand^^ is simply mentioned (c 9. st.
" 24.) he gives it ^gather'd powers by pecks,*
" and the Indian Re^nt is avaridoiu (c. 8.
« St 95.)
" Meaning a better penny thence to get."*
After thifl great and prosperoug event
(Alfonso come to Portuoall again,
I%ere to injoy in peace and sweet cont^it
Hie spreading Glories he in War did gaia)
A bhick and lamentable accident
(Worthy in Fame's MemoriaU to remain}
Was on a miser^le Lady seen.
Who, after she was dead, was made a Qfteen.
7%ou, onely Thou (pure Love) with bended bow.
Against whose Force no brest whate're can hold.
As if thy perjar'd Subject, or TOwn Foe,
Did'st cause her death whom all the World condol'd.
If Tears [which from a troubled Fountain flow)
Quench not thy Thirst, as hath been said of old ;
It is, that such is thy tyranjtick mood,
Hiou lov'st thy Altar t bhould be batb'd in biood.
* Midi's DisioMtion on the Lusiad, p. cciiiiL
Do,T«Jhy Google
230 TRAMSLATIOMS
Thou wert (fcir Ykes) in Repose, of Lovm's
Reflected Urea foBt'ring the sweet heat, young;
,Iii that sweet Error, that worse Fate* remoree.
Which Fortune never suffers to last long :
In sweet Mondeqo's siditary Groves,
Whose streams no day but thou did'st weep amoDg:
Teaching the lofty Trees, and humble Grass,
That Name which printed in thy bosom was.
Thy pensive Prince, with Ihine did sympathize
Remembrances, which in his Soul did swim,
Briuging thee always fresh before his Eyes,
When, from thy fair ones, hus'ness banisht Him .*
Si/ nighl, in dreams ; that cheat him with sweet lyes:
By day, in thoughts ; that pencil tht/ each Urn .-
And all he mus'd, and all he saw in fine,
Were dear Idea's of thy Form divine.
Of other Ladies fair, and Princesses
The tend'red Matdies he did vilifie ;
For, of a Heart, 'tis hard to dispossess
True Love, that hath had time to fortifie.
Upon these highly am'rous passages
The Father looking with an old man's Eye
( Enrag'd with what the common-people sed
And his Son't resolution not to wed)
D,o,i..cihyGooj^1e
OP TH£ LU8IAD. £31
ibit Efcliacfi iFan0^ato,
Ymbb detenDinea from tbe World to take,
Hb Son &om i/er to take, and to remore:
BeUering, with her blood't ill let-out Lake,
To quench' l^e kindled flames of constant love.
O ! that sure Sword (which bad tbe pow'r to make
The 3f0oruA Rage strike taile) whatRage could more
Thee, from the hoaor'd Sheatht, where tbou '
did'at rest.
To be new akesth'd in Lady't gentle Brest F
The horrid Mood-houndt dragg'd her to the King y
Whose bowels now to mercjr stood inclin'd.
But iU-Advitert with ialse reasoning
To her destruction re-inflani'd bis mind.
Shee (witb Heart-breaking language which did spring
Onely from sense of Thote she left behind
Id solitude, her Prince, and children deare.
Whose Griefs Ae more, then her own death did
feare ; )
Lifting unto ^ azure Fimament
Her Eyet, which in a Sea of Tear« were drown'd ;
Her Ej/et, for one of those malevolent
And bloodjr hstrvntenii her hands had bound ;
fi *
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
232 TBANSLATIONB
&fr VLft^acQ jfansi^ato.
And then, the same on her dear In/atiti bent.
Who Them with smiling innocence surround
By whom poor OrpAanj they will streight be made
Unto their cruel Grand-Father thus raid.
KBeastt themselvefl (tvild Beaitt) whose use, ood
way
By Nature's dire instinct, is not to spare ;
And vagrant Birds, whose bus'ness 'tis, to prey.
And chace their Qitarrey through the yielding
Ayre;
The world hath seen take Babet expos'd, and play
lie tender Nurset to them with their care, '
As NiNus'a mother once it did befall,
And the Twinn-Foundert of the Roman Wall:
O Thou, whose Supertcriplion speaks thee, Man
(That the Contentt were suited to the Corer!
A feeble Maid thou wouldst not murther than
Onely for loving Him, who first did love her)
Pitty these Babet (the bahet about him ran)
In thy hard doom since / am spot all over.
Spare, for their sakes, their lives, and mine;
And see
fVhiteneu in Them, though thou wilt not in Me.
„i..cihyGooj^le
OF THE LUSIAD. 2SS
fbit l&i^m jfaiuiliatn.
And if (subduiDg the presumptuous Mobe,
How to give death with fire and aword thou knnw'gt,
Kdow, to give li/i too, to a dajntet poore.
Who hath done nothing why it should be Ingt.
Let my hid Innocence thus much procure :
Exile me to some sad intemperate Coatl,
Cold ScYTHiA, or bum't Ltbia, to remain
A weeping Tomb, and never more see Sfain,
Plant me where nothing grows but Cntelttf,
'Mongst Lyont, Bean, and other Savage Beasts *.
To see, if They thai mercy will deny
Which I in vain implore from humane Breasts.
There, in firm love to Him for whom I dye,
I'l breed his Piecei, thou here seest, their guestt
And my Companiotii ; to slide off with "none
Part of the burthen of their mother' t woe&
Pain would have pardon'd her die gracious King,
Mov'd with these words, which made hia Bowels
yearn:
But Fate, and iiAiep'rert (That fresh Fewel bring)
They would not pardon. 'Tis those mens concern
(Having begun) to perpetrate the Thing.
They strip their steel out of the Scabbard (stem).
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
234 TKAN8LATJON8
mt l&fcgarti Jfan0l»ato.
Out Villains! Butchers! What! imploj your
spighn.
Your swords, against a £a^y, and e^'dKnigiUf
As at the breast of ^r Polixbna
Condemn'd to dea(h by dire Achilles's diade
(The last dear stake of Aged Hbcuba)
Rerengefu] Fyrrbits bent his cruel Blade i
But with a look that drives ill Ayrs away
(Patient, as any Lamb J The Royal Maid,
On her mad Mother casting up her Eys,
Presents her self a Sacrifice, and dyes :
So gentle YhbK's bmitish Murtberers,
£¥"0 in that Neck (wiiite Atlas of that Head
Whose stars, thought set, had influence o're the
powr's
Of Him, That crown'd her after she was dead)
Bathing their thirsty Soiordt, and all itiajl&it^rt
Which her &ir Eyes had newly watered
(Mindless of the insuing Vengeance) stood
Like crimson'd Huntert reeking wifh her blood.
Well mightst Thou Phebus from an Act so dire
(Ptxous starting) have reverst thy look ;
D,o,i..ci by Google
OF THE LtrSlAD. S35
As from Thyestbs's Table, when the Sire
Din'd OD the Son, the Uncle being the Cook.
You, hollow Vales (which, when she did expire)
FfOHi her oo)d )ip« tiie dying accenta took)
Hearing her Pedro nam'd with her last breath,
' Form'd Pedro, Pbdro. after Ynbs's death.
Like a sweet Roie (with party-colouM fair)
By Virgin' t hand beheaded in^tbe Bud
To play with^, or prick into her Hair,
When (sever'd from the stalk on which it tteod)
Both Scent and beauty vanish into Ayre :
So lies the Damzel without breath or Blood,
Her Cheeks fresh Roses ravight from the Root
Both red and white, aiid the sweet life to boot.
This Act of horrour, and black night obscure,
MoNOEOo's daughters long resented deep ;
And, for a lasting Tomb, into a pure
Fountain, tranaformd the Teares which they did we^.
Tbe name they gave it (which doth still indure)
Was Ynbs's loves, whom Pedro there did keep
No wonder, such sweet Streams water those
TzARES, are the substance; and the Xante,
ARMOURS.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
TRANSLATIONS
mmim 3t&iug affile.
TTSe Lusiad; or the Discovery of India. An
Epic Poem. Translated from the original Por-
tuguese qfljuis de CamSens. By WiUiam Jidius
Mickle.
" Jfee tetimn verio, cwmii) mUere, fidtu
Otford, J
The life of Mickle has been detiuled so mi-
nutely by several biographers, as to render it
unnecessary here to enter further into his his-
tory, than to give an account of his translation
of the Lusiad, and of those circtunstancea of his
life therewith connected.
We axe informed by his latest biographer,
the Rev. John Sim, that " Having at the
" early age of seventeen, read Castera's French
" translation of the Lusiad of Camoens, he had
** long conceived the design of giving it an
'* EngUsh dress. Various avocations had, how-
*' ever, prevented him irom executing this in-
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le j
OF THE LUfilAD. £37
" tention, thongb he had never lost sight of
" his plan. But at last having acquired a suf-
" ficient knowledge of the original Portuguese,
" and his poetical powers being now apprect>
'' ated, he published in the Grentleman's Maga-
'■ zine for March, 1771, a translation of tbat
'* part of the fifth book of the Lusiad, which
' contains the description of the apparition
' at the C^e of Tanpests, and in the sum-
' mer following, the first book, as a fiirther
* specimen, with proposals for printing the
' whole by subscription. Both these speci-
' mens b&ng highly q>proved of, he relin-
' quished his situation at the Clarendon print-
' ing house, in the spring of 1772, and retired
' to an old mansion-house occupied by a &rm-
' er at Forest Hill, a village about five miles
< irom Oxford, where he prosecuted his plan
' with such unremitting attention, that in the
' end of the year J 775, tius celebrated per-
' formance was published in 4to. at Oxford,
' accompanied by a very numerous and re-
* spectable list of subscribers. When Mr
' Mickle undertook this arduous work, he la-
Dpir^d by Google
2S8 TRANSLATIONS
*' boured under many un&vourable circnm-
'* stances ; iSir Richard Fanshaw had published
*' a translation of it in 1655, which gave but a
*' &int idea of the beanUes of the ori|^nal. The
" language in which it was composed had been
" but little cultivated by the muses; the au-
" thor's fame was not established m this coun-
" try, and our translator had no other means
** of snbsistence than the casual sums he re-
" ceived by subscriplion. Disadvantages sudi
'* as these might have discouraged weaker
" minds ; but looking forward with the enthu-
" siasm of genius, he did not suffer such diffi-
*' culties to obstruct his progress, or damp his
" ardour. The pndses bestowed by his literary
" friends upon the translation, as it came from
« the press in detached portions, and the con-
" sequent fame which he expected upon its
" pubUcation, banished that melancholy with
*' which he had formerly been oppressed, and
" animated, him with an unusual degree of
'* cheerfulness and vivacity."*
• Life of Mickic preBxed to Edition of his PoetinI Vmka,
p. xiiTiii, &c
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
OT THE LUSIAD. 299
mmtm 3lulfu0 a^fdtk.
Mr Sim proceeds to detail the disappoint-
ment as to patronage which MickJe experienced
in the dedication of his work. The profits
arising from the first edition, and by the sale
of the copy-right for fourteen years, are sta-
ted to have amounted to nearly one thousand
pounds. Of the first edition, one thousand
cities were printed, and had a rapid sale. A
second edition, with improvements, was pub-
lished in 1778. It appears from Mr Sim, that
the Rev. Dr Crowe, of Oxford, assisted Midde
in compiling the notes to the Lusiad.*
The neglect he e]q>erieaced from the noble-
man to whom he had dedicated his Lusiad,
and other circumstances, preying upon his mind,
had reduced him to nearly a state of deqxm-
dency; when fortunately for Mr Mickle, he re-
ceived from his patron, Governor Johnson,
who was named, in the spring of 1779, com-
modore of a squadron, the appointment of his
secretary, and sailed to the coast of Portugal.
■ Life of Mickle, prefixed to Edition of his Poetical Workv
^D,o,i..ci by Google
240 TRANSLATIONS
During this cpaiae, the squadron went to loa-
boD, and his reception there is thus ffven by
his biographer.
" 'On his landing at Lisbon in November
<* following, he was received with die utmost
" politeness and respect by Prince Don John
" of Braganza, Duke of LsfiienB, and nnde
" to Maria I. then Queen of Portugal, (to
*' whcnn he had sent a copy of the Losiad tm
** its first publication) whb, actuated by feeU
" ingfi very dissimilar to the cold apathy of his
*' Scotch patnn), had been for sometime wait-
** ing upon tlie quay, anxious to be the first to
" welcome the translator of the Lusiad to the
" native city of his favourite Camoens. By
*' this distinguished personage, he was intrtv
*' duced to the principal nobility, clergy, and
" literati of Portugal, who vied with each
'* other in shewing him every mark of etten-
** tion and respect, during a residence of more
" than six months. ' I have made the best
" * use of my time,' fae says, ' in seeing every
" < thing in my power, and I have had every
*< ' assistance from the Portuguese noblesse
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le .
OF THE I.UIIAD. .241
mmim 3iilfu0 9?fcltle.
** * and literati ; many of whom nnderttaDd
«* ' EngliBh, and are well acquainted with onr
*' * literature, and who seem much pleased
** * ^t a translation of their faTonrite poem
" ' has be«i wdl received in England.' "•
On the opening of the Royal Academy of
Lisbon, in May, 1780, he was admitted a
member, when the Doke of Lafoens, the pren-
doit, presented his portrait to Mr Midde, as
a mark of his respect.
It was during his residence in Lisbon, that
his Almada Hill was principally composed.
This poon, which is a supplement to the Lu-
aiad of Camoens, was published in 1781.
Preceding the Lusiad, in Mr Mickle's vo-
lume, are — An Introduction; the Histoiy of
the Discoveiy of India; the History of the Rise
and Fall of the Portuguese Empire in the East;
the Life of Luis de Camoens ; and a Disserta-
tion on the Lusiad, and Observations upon
E{Hc Poetiy. The contents of these divisicms
■ Km'i Liia of Mkkle, p. 4.
D,o,l..ci by Google
S42 TBANSLATIOK8
of Mr Mickle's work are generally faiown ; and
for the industry and research which have been
bestowed upon them, he is entitled to the meet
imquali6ed praise.
With' respect to the translation of the poem>
Mr Mickle apprises his readers* at the end of
his disserfation on the Lusiad, that he had not
in some instances strictly followed Camoeais.
** Your literal translation," he remarks, " can
'* have no claim to the original felicities of ez-
*' pression, the enei^, elegance, and fire of the
*■ original poetry." And he afterwards writes,
that more extensive liberties than what the
above sentence implies, had been, on certain
fjccasiona, deemed by him advantageous. Mr
Mickle stated in anol^er edition, that these al-
terations had met -m& die approbation otaoxae
c^the mosi eminent Portuguese literati. Hiat
this assertion is correct we must grant: but, we
must observe, on the other hand, that the P<»tu-
guese, although they are disposed to shew eveiy
mark of respect to this translation, and admit
the honour conferred on the memory of th^
poet by it, do not Seel satisfied at the un&ithfiil
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
or THB I.C8IAD. S*S
maim aidtot a^cUe.
Rpresentatioii, in many places, of iht original ;
and they appeal to the transIatURU of Homer
and Virgil, iu the polished languages of Europe
in support c^ th^ allegation, that the ifpirit <^
the original should be preserved entire, with
out compression or extension.*
The liberties taken by Mickle with the Ln-
oad of Calnoens, are of so extensive a natore,
as to have rendered his version, in the opinitm
of an author eminently skilled in the ori^nal
language, and capable of forming a judgment "
i^ it, rather a recomposiUon than a transla-
(iou. When it is stated, that in Canto IX. three
hundred lines are introduced^ vhich have not
any corresponding passs^ in the Portuguese ;
and that numerous other material alterations
could be pointed out, particularly one in the
stoiy of the Genius of the Cape; the reader will
judge, how far the author above alluded to is
correct in his ideas on the subject. Such li-
berties, the Portuguese say, are calculated to
mislead : and th^ suppose a case of a future
* Aqumo M LtttoT, Oluuda Camoem, ISmo, 1183, Tonwl.
R 2
Dioiir^ci by Google
SM TBAHSLATIoai
HQfflfam 3alft«t 9^IcUr.
Voltaire; who, ignorant ofihe Fortngaeve lan-
giuge, should form an idea of the poem of Ca-
moeos through the medium of the traiulation
of Mickle ; and, reading the descriptirai of the
tempest at the Cf^)e, or the battle in Canto IX.
would naturally attribute to Camoens the in-
terpolationa of his translator. That the Luaiad,
as a poem, has received adimntages, and deriv-
ed beauties from the genius of Mickle, cannot
be denied: he has ccnnprest many passages
which were weak, and by his excellence in de>
scription, added particularly to those parts
in which descriptive poetry was either used by
Camoois, or could embellish.
In addition to the objections which the Por-
tuguese ui^ agunst the freedom of Mr Mickle's
translation, they charged Mm with indvili^ to-
wards' them in some of his remarks.
Thrac have been numerous editions of Mr
Mickle's translation, which of late years has
been more generally read than at the period of
its publication. Ad el^ant edition, in 3 vols.
8vo. was published in London, in 1807, with
D,o,l..ci by Google
OF THE LU8IAD. S45
mmiam 3til&i0 9^ftUe*
engravuigs, several of which are copied iti a
small edition of tiie Lueiad, printed by Didot,
Paris, 1815.
While glory thug Alonzo's name adom'd,
To Lisboa's shores the happy chief retum'd,
In glorious peace and well •deserved rq)oce,
His course of fame, and honoured age to close.
When now, O Itiag, a damsel's fate severei
A &te which ever claims the woeful tear.
Disgraced his honours — On the nymph's lorn head
Relentless rage its bitterest rancour shed:
Tet such the zeal her princely lover iwre,
Her breathless corse the crown of Lisboa wore.
'Twas thou, love, whose dreaded shafts controul
The hind's rude heart, and tear the hero's soul ;
Thou ruddess power, with bloodshed never cloyefl,
'Twas thou thy lovely votary destroyed.
Thy thirst still burning for a deeper woe.
In vain to thee the tears of beauty flow;
The breast diat feels thy purest flames divine.
With spouting gore must bathe thy cruel shrine.
Such thy dire triumphs!' — Thou, nymph, the
while,
Pro[Aetic of the god's unpitying guile^
R S
D,o,l..ci by Google
S4« TRANSLATIONS
In tender scenes by lore-dclc &i<cy wrought,
By fear oft shifted as b; fttncy brought,
In sweet Mondego'a erer-Terdaat bowers,
Languish'd away the slow and lonely honre :
WhQe now, as terror waked thy boding fears,
The conscious stream received thy pearly tears ;
And now, as hope revived the brighter flame,
Each echo sigh'd tfay princely lover's name.
Nor less could absence from thy prince remove
The dear remembrance of his distant love :
Illy loolcS) thy smiles, before him ever glow.
And o'er his melting heart endearing flow :
By ni^t his slumbers bring thee to his arms.
By day his thoughts still wander o'er thy charms;
By night, by day, each thought tliy lores employ,
Each thought the memory or the hope of joy.
Though fkirest princely dames invok'd his love.
No princely dame his constant &ith could move i
For thee alone his constant passion hum'd.
For thee the proKr*d royal maids he scom'd.
Ah, hope of bliss too high — the princely dames
Refined, dread rage the father^s breast inflames ;
He, with an old man's wintery eye, surveys
The youth's fond love, and coldly with it weighs
The peoples* murmurs of his son's delay
To bless the nation with his nupti^ day.
D,o,i..ci by Google
or THC LDSIAD. 247
mmm lutitid fl^fcUe.
l(AlfiS| die nuptial day was past unknown,
Which but when crown'd the prince could dare to
own.)
And with the fair one's blood the vengeful sire
ResolTes to quench hia Pedro's faithful fire.
Oht Uiou dread sword, oft atain'd with heroes' gore,
Thou awiul terror of die prostrate Moor,
\Phat rage could aim thee at a female breaU,
Unami'd, by softness and by love possest I
Dragg'd tram her bower by murderous ruffian
hands.
Before the frowning king fair Inez stands ;
Her tears of arUess innocence, her air
So mild, so lovely, and her face so &ir.
Moved the stem monarch ; when with eager zeal
Her fierce destroyers ivged the public weal ;
Dread rage again the tyrant's soul possest.
And his dark brow hia cruel thoughts coufest :
O'er her fair &ce a sudden paleness spread.
Her throbbing heart with generous anguish bled.
Anguish to view her lover's hopeless woes>
And all the mother in her bosom rose.
Her beauteous eyes in trembling tear-drops drown'd,
To heaven she lifted, but her hands were bound ;
R *
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
S48 TBAlfSI^TlOHS
mmm 3ulfu0 99tckle.
Then on her infants turn'd the piteoiu glancC)
The look of bleeding woe ; the babes advance)
Smiling in innocence of infant age,
Unawed, unconacloua of their grandsire'a rage;
To whom, as bursting sorrow gave the flow.
The native heart-sprung eloquence of woe,
The lovely c^tive thus : — O monarch, hear.
If e'er to thee the name of man was dear.
If prowling tygers, or the wolf's wild brood.
Inspired by nature with the lust of blood.
Have yet been moved the weeping babe to spate,
Nor left, but tended with a nurse's care,
Ai Rome's great founders to the world were given ;
Sbalt thou, who wear'st the sacred stamp of heaven,
The human form divine, shalt thou deny
That aid, that pity, which e'en beasts supply 1
Oh, that thy heart were, as thy looks declare.
Of human mould, superfluous wm-e my prayer j
Thou could'st not then a helpless damsel slay.
Whose sole ofence in fond a&ction lay,
In taiih to him who first his love contest.
Who first to love allured her virgin breast.
In these my babes shalt thou thine image see.
And still tremendous hurl thy rage on me i
Me, for their sakes, if yet thou wilt not spare.
Oh, let these infants provethy pious care 1
Do,T«Jhy Google
OP THE LirStAB. S49
Yet fily'» lenient curreat ever flows
From that brave breast where genuine valour glows ;
That thou art brave, let vanquish'd Afric tell,
Then let thy pity o'er mine anguish swell;
Ah, let my woes, unconscious of a crime.
Procure mine exile to wme barbarous cliate :
Give me to wander o'er the burning plaini
Of Lf bia'i desarta, or the wild domains
Of ScjTthia's anow-clsd rocks and frozen shore'i
lliere let me, hopeless of return, deplore.
Where ^astly horror fills the dreary vale.
Where shrieks and howKngs die on every gale,
The lions roaring, and the tygers yell,
There with mine infant race, congtgn'd to dwell,
Here let me try that piety to find.
In vain by me implored from human kind :
There in some dreary cavern's rocky womb.
Amid the horrors of sepulchral gloom.
For him whose love I mourn, my love shall glow.
The sigh shall murmur, and the tear shall flow :
All my food wish, and alt my hope, to rear
These infant pledget of a love so dear,
Amidst my griefs a soothing, glad employ,
Amidst my fean a woefiil, hopeless joy.
Dpi .?d by Google
850 TRANSLATIONS
maiam jma a^fcUe.
Id tean she utter'd— as the froxea mow
Touch'd by the spring's mild ray, begins to flow,
So just began to melt his stubborn soul
As mild-ray'd pity o'er the tyrant stole;
But destiny forbade : with eager zeal.
Again pretended for the public weal,
Her fierce accusers urged her speedy doom ;
Again dark rage difiused its horrid gloom
O'elr stem Alonzo's brow : swift at the sign,
Tlieir swords unsheathed around her brandish'd
shine.
O foul disgrace, of knighthood lasting stain,
By men of arms, an helpless lady slain !
Thus lyrrhos, burning with unmanly ire,
FuIfiU'd the mandate of bis furious sire;
Disdunfiil of the frantic matron's prayer,
On f^r Polyxena, her last foDd care.
He rush'd, his blade yet warm with Priam's gore,
And dash'd the daughter on the sacred floor ;
While mildly she her raving motiier eyed,
Resign'd her bosom to the sword, and died.
Thus Inez, while her eyes to heaven appeal,
Resigns her bosom to the murdering steel:
That snowy neck, whose matchless form sustain'd
The loreliest face where all the graces reign'd,
Dioii^dhyGooj^le
OF THE LD81AD. 251
Wifaum 3ltdtot a^fcUe.
Whose chsmiB bo long the gallaot prince inflamedi
that her palei»}ne ww Lisboa's queeo proclaimed ;
That snowy neck woa stained with spouting gore,
Another sword, her lovely bosom tore.
The flowers that glisten'd with her tears bedew'd.
Now shrunk and longuish'd with her blood im-
brew'd.
As when b rose, erewhile of bloom so gay,
Thrown from the careless vii^n's breast away,
Lies &ded on the plain, the living red.
The snowy white, and all its fragrance fled;
So from her cheeks the roses dy'd away,
And pale in death the beauteous Inez lay:
With dreadful smiles, and crimson'd with her blood.
Round the won victim the stern murderers stood,
Unmindftd of the sure, though future hour.
Sacred to vengeance and her lover's power.
O Sun, couldst thou so foul a crime behold.
Nor veil thine head in darkness, as of old
A sudden night unwonted horror cast
O'er that dire banquet, where the sire's repast
The son's torn limbs supplied I — Yet you, ye vales 1
Ye distant forests, and ye flowery dales!
When pale and sinking to the dreadful fall.
You heard her quivering lips on Pedro coll ;
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
252 THAKSLATrONll
Tour fiuthfiil echoes cAiight the parting sound.
And Pedro 1 Pedro ! mounfu], ng^'d around.
Nor leM the wood-njrmpbs of Mondego's groves
Bewail'd the memory of her h^tess lovea :
Her grieft they wept, and to a plaintive rill
Tnuufonn'd their tean, which weepe and murmurs
StiU.
To give immortal pity to her woe
Thej taught die riv'let through her bowera to flow,
And Mill through violet beds the fountain pouis
It! phuntive wailing and i« named Amours.
Atnongit the names of the translators of the
Lusiad in the English language, appears that of
Lord Viscount Strangford, who in his volume
of *' Poems Jrom the Portuguese of Luis de Ctt-
" moens," has presented us with a translatioD
of the Night Scene in the sixth Canto, stanza
xxxviii— xliii. His lordship has ^v^i the stan-
zas in " ottava rima," and the original in
pages oppoute the translation.
rJoiir^dhyGoOJ^Ie
SOME ACCOUNT
Ccnntnlns tte iSMmsi
WORKS
M Canuetts.
D,o,i..dh;GooJ^le
,11 ..d by Google
ACCOUNT OF THE EDITIONS
SiUorlttf of Camoend,
It would be bold to assert, that the following
pages take notice of every edition, which has
been published, of the works of Camoens;
eqtecially when the state of the literaiy intrar-
conrse which has esusted between England and
Portugal is considered. As however, a dili-
g^it research by the author of these memoirs
has been aided by the prompt and obliging ex-
ertionB of several of his friends, who are ad-
mirers of the Portuguese Bard, it is hoped, in
the first instance, that few defects will be dis-
I
Do,T«jhyGooj^le -~
256 EDITIONS OF THE
covered; and subsequently^ that such defects
as may be discovered, will be found to have
reference to the more recent, rather than to
Editions of an earlier date. With respect to
any Portuguese editions, which may have ^>-
peared unce the emigration of the royal fiunily
from Lisbon to Brazil, no information has been
obtained.
The editor of the edition of the works of
Camoens, which appeared in 1779-80, states*
" Since the year 1572^ in which the poem of
" Camoens first issued from the press, the edi-
« tions have so greatly multiplied, that Pedro
'* de Mariz, in the Life of the Poet, which he
" wrote and published with some of his Kimas
" in 1601, affirms, that up to that time, twelve
" thousand copies of the poem alone, had al-
** ready been distributed.* Manoel de Faria
<* e Sousa, the celebrated and unweaiied inve»-
" tigstor of the works and actions of Camoens,
" makes another calculation ; and asserts, tiiat
" of the editions sent ferth from the first ap-
■ Pedro de Harii miut probabl; h»e written under ■ mi*,
utc; u only five edition! ^peir la bate been poblitbed
dtiring the inurviil be u
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
VORKS OF CAHOENS. S5?
** pearaoce of the Lusiad, in 1572, up to the
" period when he printed his Commentanes
** in 16S9, one edition had issued every three
** years : this calculation would make the num-
" ber twen^f-two. The labours of the press
M continued, and from 1639 until his time,
" the editions cftme out so repeatedly, that it
(^ would not be easy to enumerate -them.*"
In the calculation *by Faria e Sousa, it is
conceived, all the works of Camoens were in-
tended to be included ; and if this idea be cor-
rect, it will be seen by the following list <rf edi-
tions, how nearly his account was accurate, and
that the number of editions of the Lusiad, the
Rimas, and Plays, did issue from the press
within the time he states them to have bi en
publi^ed.
* IKkiuio Pralimiiur, &c. ml. (• p. 4.
D,o,i..(i by Google
EDITIONS OF TH>
%ittt Of (CUtiOIUI.
67S
572
619
614
615
616
680
D,o,i..cii.yGooj^le
WORKS OF CAHOENB. S59
%m oC Cbftloiui.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
860 EDITIONS OF TBS . . .
Os Lusiadas de Luis de Camoes. Com privi-
legio Real — Impressos em Lisboa, com licenfa
da Sancta Tnqiiisifad, ^ do Ordinaria .■ em cata
de Antonio Gofoluex Impressor 1572. ito.
This title is within a border cut in wood, and
formed by two pillars retting upon a baee, and hav-
ing at the top a pelican in the centre feeding ita
joungi with a dolphin on each aide of it. The
licence of the king, Dom Sebastian, bearing date
Lisbon, 24th S^tember, 1571, occupies a page ;
and states that he was pleased to give bis licence to
Luis de Camoes to print, in the city of Lisbon, a
work in octava rima, named Os Lusiadas, contain-
h)g ten entire cantos, and in wbidi are related the
principal deeds of the Portuguese in India since
the voyage for its discovery, undertaleu by order
of his grand-father. King Dom Manoel. The grant
of copyright for ten years is then given, restraining
any persons, except such as to whom licence might
be conceded from Camoens, from printmg or sell-
ing in hb European or foreign dominiooc, or in
India, any copy of the work, under a penal^ of
fifty cruzados, and forfeiture of fhe copy. This
grftnt of copyright is extended, by a clause in the
Do,T«jhyGooj;le
V0BK8OP CAHOEMS. 261
ordiaance, to any further cantos of the Lunadt
wbi^ Camoeiu might priuL
The next page contains the approbation of tbs
holy office, ngned " Frey Bertholameu Ferreira,"
wherein, after explaining that the heathen deities
were employed by the poet merely to render his
style poetical, and to shew, with greater effect, tha
difficulties experienced in the discovery of India; it
is added, that Uie author displays much genius and
emditioD.
The poem follows on 186 ntunbered leaves, three
stanzas on each page, except on the first and last
pages, OD each of which there are only two. The
first line of stanza I. is in Roman character ; the rest
of the poem is in Italic; and along tlie top is the
title in Roman letter. The stanzas are not num-
bered. The TQlume, which is neatly printed, baa-
catch-words, and is in what is denominated inlaid
quarto.*
* The Editor of ths iicdoDtij of the Acadnny, in hii Ca-
tdi^* of anthon, Hates, that he always consulted this edition
when he cntotaiued anj dotibC ai to the true reading of a
wnvd [ bat tha^ at the ataiiiBa were not nunAwred, the authoi-
riliei haie reference lo tba edltioa of 1613, to which ii added
7 of Coirea.
8 S ■
Do,T«jhyGooj^le'
263 sDinoNs or the
It is s curious, but authentic iact> tliat an-
other edition was called for in the same year.
This circumstance, so important in the histoiy
of Camoens, was, as appears from their silence
on the subject, unknown to his earliest biogra-
phers, and to the editors of his poem ; nor does
any mention of it occur until the second lif^
written by Faria e Sousa, speared on the
publication of the Commentary on the Rimas.
His account of it is thus related :-— " The poet,
" having arrived at Lisbon in 1569, pubUshed
',' his Lusiad, having had the. royal privilege
" granted to him, dated 4th (21th) September,
" 1571." He continues, " The demand for
" this impression was so extensive that another
*' appeared in ihe same year, a circumstance
" accounted rare in the world, and which had
" never before happened in Portugal.* And
" because this may appear strange and incred^
" ble, I assert, that I ascertained the feet in
" two editions, which I have, by the variations
" in the characters and orthography; from er-
" rors contained in the first, and corrected in
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
V0BK8 OF CAMOSNB. 269
" the second ; and from words with i^cb the
** text was amended."
No informatioQ is handed down lo as sa to
the number of copies which were printed of
each edition ; or aa to whether Camoens, hav-
ing obtained the licence in his tavotir, sold the
MS. to the bookseller or not; or whether
cither or both editions werfe or were not prinU
ed St his expence. It is most probable, from
the known poverty of his finances at the tim^
that he had contracted for the sale of his poem ;
and in either case it will be fair to infer, that
he gave his asdstance to bring out the work.
They were the only editions which appeared
during the life of Camoens.
The principal difference in the two editions
occurs in the mode of contracting the termini
tions of some of the words in the one, whilst
they appear at length in the other.
Thus, in the curious cc^y which has be^i
mentioned, in the collection of Lord Holland,
and which Dom Joze Maria de Sousa conuders
the first edition, the two last lines of Canto I.
Stanza I. are thus : —
8 *
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
J
364 XDITIONS OF THE
E entre gente reBota edifiannn
Noiu Rebut, que luita mbUnunni.
And in the second edition, a copy of which is in
the British Museum, the same lines appear ^—
E ratrc gcDle rcnxMs edUouio
Kotio BeJDO. qu« Mdu> ■ublimaraOa
Other Tariatioiis also occur. In Lord Hol-
land's copy, the head of the pelican looks -to
the light, in the other copy to the left.
After the discovery that there were two edi-
tions printed iri' 1572, it was doubted by many
whether the difference in the orthography might
not have arisen from the types having been re-
placed with a different set, when they were
broken or worn out ; an inspection of the two
volumes however complexly n^;atlves such a
conclusion ; as a frequent^ of the variations,
and a totally dilferent system of spelling are
pursued.
Dom Joze Maria de Souza has been stnne-
time engaged collating copies of these two edi-
tions, and intends to print bM the variations.
In the opinion of this genti^nan, the text of
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
W0BK8 OF CftHOENS. 96S
these ediUons b modi to be preferred to that
of all those, by which they havg been followed.
Copies of either of these editiona are of very
great rarity.
Besides those mentioned to be to the British
Museum, and in Lord Holland's library; a copy
of the first edition is in the collection of Dom
Joze Maria de Souza, and a copy of the se-
cond edition was lately in the Royal Library
at Lisbon.
Os iMsiadas de JJtas de CamoSs. Agora de
nouo impresso, com atgOas annotafoes, de diuer-
sos autores. Com licenfa do supremo Conselho
da Sancta 4r geerai Inquisifoo, por Manoel de
I^a. Em Lisboa. Anno de ISBIr.
In the title page to diis exceedin^y rare Toluine,
b B handsome printer's device, placed between the
title and the account of the licences, &c. at the
bottom, repreKnting Apollo playing upon a violin,
by the music of which he appears to charm a lion
and a stag, the heads of which are given, one on
eadi side of his fi»et, looking up as if listening to
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
266 EDITIOKS or TBB
the sound. The motto non vi sed ikqbkio n
ARTX is round the upper part of the device.
On the §econd leaf is the license, aigned by Fr.
Bertolameu Terreira, stating, that by command of
the Archbiahop of Liibon, Inquisitor General, he
had inspected the " Lunadas de Luis de Camoes,
*' com algiias glosas," that as the book was thus
improved, there was not any thing in it against the
ftith and good customs, and that it might therefore
be printed. He adds, as in the former volume, that
the author displayed in the work, great genius and
erudition.
In the same pi^e, dated " Era Lisboa. IS de
" Maio de 84," and ugned Maaoel de Coadros,
Paulo AfoDBO, and Jorge Sarrao, is another licence.
On the back of this leaf, an alphdietical table,
' occupying 19~unnumbered pages, commences; —
" S^ue-se a Tavoada pella ordem A, b. c. de
" todas as cousas que a autor tocou oeste livra sobre
" que se fez annota^ao."
A new device of the printer follows, much richer
than the former one. The same figure appears, but
it is placed within ^ rich border, in which is a re-
cumbent figure of Diana, and a btag on the top.
The poem then begins in Roman letter, and, with
the notes in Italic character, occupies 280 number*
ed leaves. The notes, which are few, are not, as ia
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
WOBK8 or CAHOEN8. 267
mua), confined to the bottom of the pager but ara
given after the stanxas to which theji refer. The
stanzas are numbered at the side of each. There
are catdi-words and signaturea. The poem begins
with A.A2. A3. A4. A5.and6 pages. B.
B 2. &c. in the same way, making the volume an
8vo. whilst its size would lead to a supposition that
it was ia 12mo. Each canto is preceded by a prose
argument in Italic letter. In the two last lines of
Canto L Stanza I. the second edido'n is followed,
and on the second page of folio 280 appears, " Im-
" presso com licen9a do supremo conselho da San-
" eta ic g4ral Inquiaigao. For Manoel de Lyra.
" Anno de 1584."
This is the description of a volume preserved
in the British Museum. . It is stated in the
commencement of the account that thb ediUon
is exceedingly rare; and as a proof of the asser-
tion, Dom Joz^ Maria de Sousa had not seen
it, but mentions its being noticed by Aquino
as iJie first which was printed after those of
. 1572; and also says, that no accc'iit of it is
to be found in Machado. There is not any
Alvara for securing the copyright.
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
268 EDITIONS OF THE
The fact of annotations accompuiying this
edition is at variance with tlie assertions of the
various biographers of Camoens, that Munoel
Correa was the first commentator who pubHsh-
cd his remarks on the Luiiad.
Aula dos Amphitrioens.
Auto de Filodemo.
Hum e otttro sakirao impressos na 1. Parte
dos Autos, e Comedias Portug. Lisboa par Ai^
dre Lobato, 1587. *to. o 1 afol. 86.-~e o 2 a
fd. 14.
The above notice of this early publication of
two of the plays written by Camoens is ex-
tracted from Machado," who writes, that each
of these articles was printed in the first part
of the Collection of Portuguese Autos and Co-
medies, published at Lisbon in 1587) by Andr£
Lobato, in 4to. ; and that the first one com-
mences at the eighty-sixth, and the other at the
fourteenthf numbered leaf of that collection.
* Bibliot. Lunun. Tom. lii, p. 76.
' f AnEiTOTbjMacludofuT th* IMtblMf.
Do,T«jhy Google
WORKS OS CAHOEHS. z69
The title to Lobato's work is " Primeira
" p&rte dos Anttos e Comedias Portugaezas,
" Lisboa, por Andr£ Lobato. 1587. *to."*
The editors of the Dictionary of the Academy
give an account of its cont«nt8, in which they
state, at folio 86, is the " Auto dos Enfatrioes,
" f^to por Luis Cainoes," and at folio 144
*' Auto de Filodemo, feito por Lnia de Cb-
" moes."
All the Autos in this volume, except ihose of
CamoeoB, are quoted under the title.Prestes.
Antonio Freatee, a native'of Santarem, was,
according to the opinion of D. Francisco Ma-
noeljf one of the renowned Portuguese comic
writers J and he held Prestes in such high esti-
mation, that he found it difficult to say whether
Prestes or Gil Vicente "were the best.
Affonso Lopes, M090 da Capella Keal, pub-
lished this voltune with the above title, &c.
with a licence granted in his favour in Lisbon,
3lBt March, 1587. Itcontiuns 12 Autos.
* IKct of Acad. Cat. of Anthort, ,■>. ITl.
t Ajwl. DU!. p. SSh.
Do,T«Jhy Google
S70 KDITIOBS Ot tIiB
' (h Luaadas de lads de Camois. ./tgora de
novo impressos com algSas anotafoes de divergoi
autores. — Par Manoel de I/ifra. Em lAiboa.
Anno 1591.
Dom Joz£ Maria de Sousa states, that a
friend, on whom he could xely, had sent mm
notice of the above edition, which had the
stanzas numbered,' and was in such sm^ Sto.
as to t^pear 16mo.
This descripUoti conveys the idea of a to-
Inme very umilar, except as to the date, to
that of Maooel de Lyra, printed in 1584<.
BJoftkmas de lau de Camoes, Diutdtdas em
■einco partes. Dirigidas ao muito lUustre Senior
D. Gtmfolo Coutinho. Impretsas com licenfa do
sttpremo Gmxlio da geral Itiqtdsifoo ^ Ordina-
rio. £m Liiboa, par Manoel de Z^a, atmo de
U.nJ^XXXX7. a custa de Btteuao Lopez Merca-
dor de Ubrot.
Between the end of the title, at the word Con-
tinho, and the imprint, is a wotxUcut ; within iriiich
D or .«jhy Google
WORKS OF CAHOSNS. S71
IB a trect and the words hihi taxts. The tree
and this inscription are within a half circle, and at
each side is a female figure ; the one putting out a
torch, which by her bearing a branch of a tree, may
be supposed to represrat peace; whilst the other,
holding a glass, into which she is looking, indicates
the figure of truth.
This volume, which is the Editio Princeps* of the
Rimas, is of the same dimensions as the Editio Prin-
ceps of the Lusiadas, and is in small 4to. On the
back of the title page is printed a licence, signed
" F. Manoel Coelho," followed by a confirmation,
dated " £m Lisbos a 17 de Nouembro de 94,"
ugned " O bispo Deluas (D'Elvas). Diogo de Sousa.
" Marcos Teixeira." And a further confirmation,
dated " a 3 de Dezembro de 94," ngiied <' loao
<* de Lucraa Homem,"
On the next page is contained the ordinance of
the King, Phillip II. of Spam, to the feUowing effect
It ii dated 30th December, 1595; and commences
by suiting, that Esteuao Lopez, bookseller, dwell-
hg in Lisbon, had petitioned for licence to publish
* llie Uwudate Fernando Rodriguet Lobo ZunipitB
(Latnda ingenioso, i gran Pocta, i Cortnano) collccled wbal
could then be obtainul of dw Rimai Vatiai of C
' printad tbtm id ihe tmt ISM. Fam e 8
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
273 EDITIONS OF TUB
" THiias Rinuu poeticas de Luis de CsmoeB," which
bad not then been printed ; and also " O livro doa
" BeoB LusiadBSi" which had b«en already pubHsb-
ed i alle^png that be had experienced great trouble
to collect the said works, and had expended much
money in printing them.
In consequence of this petition the King grants
tbe ustial privilege for ten years, imposing the penal-
ty of twenty cruzados on the infriager thereof.
On thr«e pages, follows the address of the edi-
tor, Estevao Lopez to D. Gon^alo Coutinho, dated
** Usboa 27 de Feuereiro de 95."
He writes, " Two reasons, much illustrious Sen-
" hor, determined me to bring to light this part
*' of the works of the admirable Luis de Camoes,
" the Prince of Poets. The first is, because the
" productions are such, as to authorize the aj^M^la-
** tion given to their composer ; and the second,
" that I might have you for my patron, and avail
■ " myself of your protection, in the risk of appear-
.*' ing before the public. Both of these reasons
" ptHut out that I should ofier it to you, and re^
" quest friwn you the shelter of your name ; for if
" the choice of the subject may obtaia me pruse, I
*''am also ambitious of having credit in the election
" of the patron, under whose protection I rest it*
*' defence. I may be excused from enlarpng <m
D;6,t..(iWGc30gle
WOBKB OF CAM0EN8. 273
" itt merite, however excellent the work may be ;
" because I give it to the world in the mint pure
" and improved impression it can have. In this
** work is traced that wonderful genius, which I
« affirm, if the work live, will render the Por-
" tugueae name immortal, Sec" He fwoceeds in a
nmilar strain, to praise the various minor produc-
tions which compose the volume, and the richness
Snd elegance of the language used by Camoens ; by
which, he says, it appears to him, that " on the one
** part, he destroys the hope of all others of becom- .
*' iog poets ; whilst on the other, he deprives those
" of their excuse, who go begging for strange lan-
" guages to compose in them, and call their own
" Bteril — less its blame, than their defect,"
The reminder of the dedication is princip^y
taken up with complimenting his patron, as was
usual at that time j tracing his descent from the in-
fancy of the kingdom of Portugal, and enumerating
the virtues of himself, his ancestors, and relatives.
The adoption of the olive tree— the tree of Pallas,
into the arms of the Coutinhos is then dwelt upon
with praise, and its beiilg placed in the title of this
volume is alluded to, as also the motto Mihi Taxvs
(subservient to me). At the close Lopez writes,
** But how can I omit lauding to the skies, the
VOL. II. T
D,o,l..ci by Google
S74 EDITIONS OF TUB
" magnificent and moat heroic act, which jou per-
" formed, in giving an honourable burial to the
** bones of this great man, vbich lay humbly in die
<* monastery of Santa Anna. By this act, you not
" only appropriated to yourself the obligation, not
<* of this kingdom alonei but of all Spain ; but also
" jDu reaped for yourself, all the glory which it
" would have ensured to tbe country at lai^e, had
" it united to perform a work so justly due. This
" alone is a suffideot reason that the poems of Ca-
" moeoB should be dedicated to you, and own no
" other protector but your name !" Sec
On tbe next two pages are " Epigramma" itf
Manoel Sousa Coutinho, commencing
" Quod Maro sublirai^ Ac"
Ad Dominum Gondisaluuin Coutignum.
Nominibus gentis, donts, Coutigne, Minenue,
NobQitatis honos, Heriddm^ue decus.
Victa situ in tenebris Camonij Mum jacebat,
Quo nihil in toto grandius orbe sonat.
Per te squaientem cultum deponit, et audet
ObsiU LysiacK plectra ferire Lyrs.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
WORKS OF CAHOEHS. 2,
Ac relut Orpheo rerocasti numere amicum,
Orpheus existet nominia itle luL
Sic voB altemo viue^ muiiere, et Ocpheut
Alter erit Muwe, nomiais altv eriu
On another page,
DE LVIS FRANCO,
aOMETO.
Sopra la polue, & I'oBsa regnar morte
Potra, & ae i mortali hauer I'iinpero,
Et sepelUr il nome al nuouo Homero,
Et negarli il sepolchro I'empia sorte.
Perd la fama del morir piu forte
Lo rese chiaro al vno, e altro Hemi§phero,
V'regna Pbebo, e oue il popol pia fiero
Habita Hircania, Scythia, & Caspie porte.
Di Goozallo mercS gentil Coutigno,
Per Mum illustre, & arme, 8c aui lUustri.
Ch' al Camoes nella morte fii Mecena.
Per cut Phenice ^li rinasce, e vn cingo.
Per cui viur^ ne) mondo mille lustri
La sua dolce, & altiasona camena.
T 2
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
276 EDITIONS OF THE
On two otfaer pagea are Bernardea' sonnet id
praise of Camoeru, and one by Diego Taborda
I^itao, commencing
" Spirito, que ao Empyreo cSo voaate," Sec
The address or *' Prologo aos Leytorea," written
by Surrupita,* and which is reprinted in the editions
of the works of Camoens, published in 1779 and
1783, succeeds on five pages.
The title, &c occupy sixteen unnumbered pageSj
and are followed by " Rithmas de Luis de Camoes,
repartidas em cinco partes. Parte primeira dos Sone-
tos>*' occupying from folio oue, to and with folio twen-
ty-one, the leaves being now numbered. This first
part contains sixty-six sonnets, one of which num-
bered fifty-eight, is not the production of Camoens,
but inserted because the Portuguese poet replied to
it. Numbers 1, 2, 3, 30, 31, 36, (37 called 39),
42, 43. 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, oc-
cupy a page each, and are in Italic letter : the rest
are in Roman letter, and two are contained in a
page. There is not any number fifty-two,
* Mscbodo wrilcs, " the; were published by the industrj'
of Pnoando Rodrigues Lobo Surrupita, > gteal lanyer and ■
(fwd poet"
Do,T«JhyGDOJ^Ie
VORK8 OF CAllO£M&. 277
At folio 22> commences, " Segunda parte, Uas
** Can9deS|" wherein are compriBed the Can^oes,
Sexdnas, and Odes, in Italic and Roman letter.
At folio 51, ** Terceira parte. Das Elegias &
" algum Oitauaa." The el^es are ^ven alter-
nately in Italic and Roman letter, t^e aitavas in
Italic
At folio 71, ** Qiuuta parte, das Ec^logas;" all
in Italic letter. At &lio 135, " Quints parte. Das
" redondilhas, motes, espazsas, & grosas," all in
Itnlic letter to folio 166, c^ed 166. After this is
the " Taboado" on six unnumbered pages.
Immediately preceding the " Taboads" are
the following verses, which do not occur in the
third or more modem editions, although the
Srst line is included in the index to the third
editioo. The poem is probably not the pro-
duction of Camoens.
' o bem IHigindo Amor & alcgria
e o roid coi BDiuM iit..9UH tempo dnnt
le descubrindo triate de quern fia
tmpo 01 enginOK. nos bens da lentura.
T 3
by Google
EDITIONS Of THE
Aim do lol pi
Um certa mudan^ft
certo nDtiniento
DA dor la lembnn^B.
QuHD malei lintio
& pello que Tio
julge o que a de ter.
AUgra Tiuia
tri>U vjuo agora
cbora a alma ds dia
& de DOite cbOT*.
ConfsaM Of engaiHM
demeu pciuamenu>
nuDca ■ menbi cfaege.
O caiii{H) floreja
QulBcra nwstnur
o mal que pade^
nam Ibe da lugar
quern Ihe deu contei
pano a triite vida
cndadiM catnados
vida aboire^ida.
Nunca pude crar
qne agora creo
Heui olhoi que Tutes
chorajF olboa tristc*
bum M O ban que tinha
porque mo roubaite ?
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
WOKKS OF CAHOEira.
qnmta coma guaida mIdo
qntm j« time odi*
Amor sego & triMa
Nesb Ida de sega
nada peniiaiie;e
o que inda nio dt^a
ja dea^arefc.
Qua] qaer
ALPBAIXnOAL LIST OF POET&T CONTAINKD IN THK PI
WUk Sffhtnea to the Order m uhieh M«y Hawt.
No.
13. A. Alma mmba genlfl que te paitiBte.
IB. Aqiulla tiiite & leda madrugada.
85. Alegres ompot, verdes aruoredos.
45. Amor com espeniifa ja perdida.
46. Apollo, & aa noae Mubu diwautaado.
48. Apirtauaie Nige de Montaoo.
9. B. Biuca amor iiouas artea, nouo engenho.
IT. C. Claia mSnlia enemiga em cn^ mio.
j7. Como fensle doce a tal ferida.
T 4
D or .«jhy Google
EDITIONS OF THC
18. D. Docca lembmi;>i da pumU gloria.
I<i'. De TCH me iputo d Njmpbai em ul mudanfo.
S(k Depoii de taatoi diu mat gaaUdoi.
59. Dc tio diuino usenlo, & toi humui*.
50, Debaixo deaU pedra esti, loetido.
66. X>auiu hunw lei Senhon de quererTOb
I . £. Em qiunto quia fortuna que tiueaac.
5. Eu cantmi de aam tio docemenle.
6. Em flm Toa amncoii de eoOo creidda.
19. Equnta crecer iaato o Crooodilo.
51. Em fermoaa Lathea le confia.
S3. EatMae a Primauers truladido.
Sj. Eatl o laaduo & doce paaaarinho.
63. Ea me aparto de to* Njm;diaa do Tejot
33. F. Fenngso) ollioa que na idade now
64. Fermomra do eeo a iuk dedda.
41. Q. Gnu tetopo ha que aoube da ventun.
30. H. Hum mouei d'olhoa brido & pUdosoa
37. L. Lindo & aubtU tranjado que ficatte.
47. Lendmuif aa aaudosaa ae cudaea.
S3. H. Malea que coDtra ml tdi coDJonates.
SS. Mudaae o tempo mudanae ai TOntadea,
7. N. Num iardim adomado de verdura.
14. Num botique que das nimphaa ae abiuoa.
3fi. Nao paaaea caminbante, quem me chama.
31. ' Nayadaa que oa rioa abitaea.
15. O. Oa R«iDO^ & oa Imperios poderoHx.
34. O fogo que ua brand* cera ardU.
38. O Ciaue quando aente aer cbeguada,
43. O coma acme alougua da anoo em anmk
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
WORKS Of CAMOENS.
Pedeme o deiejo dmu que toi Teja.
Forque qoereiii wnhon que o fwef*.
Pellos estremos ram que moilrou.
Foil meui oUuH nio csuMO de cbonur.
I. Q. Que ve lenhora cUro, & manifeito.
QuuidD da bella viitm & doce rieo.
Quando o Sol emeubeito tb; mostnndo.
QuanlBB Tcwi do fuw se oqueds.
Qiunda Tejo que meu deMiao ordeoa.
Qnem ju no grio Sepokhro que detcreue.
Qnem pode Bura ler ^ntfl leahora.
Quem he etie que n> arpa LusiUna.
Que venjais no Oiiente tantos Bejii.
. Se quanda tch perdi miaha esperan^a.
Sete annoi de pastor lacob leruU.
Se tanta pesa tenho meredda.
Se idguH bora em yoa a piedade.
Se u penaa com que amor tam msl me trala.
<, T. Tanto de men eMado toe adio incerto.
Tnafbrmaae a amadoi na couaa amada.
Todo animal da calma repouiana.
Toiaoume *OMa vista soberana.
Tomaua Deliana por viofpian^a.
Tempo he ja que mintia confiaDfa.
<< V, Vossos i^ofl Benhora que compeCem.
3. A. A inUsbilidade da Toruiiia.
6. C. Com lor^a desunda.
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
EDITIONS Of THE
I , F. PeniKMk & gcndl danut qiundo T^jo.
S. I, la ■ Rox« mcnba cUn.
9> luDlo da hum wco fero. & saUril moate
7, IS. Mandame tiaar que cants docamente.
5. S. S* esM mm pnuamaiito.
6 T. Tomaj a GriaM ptaa.
4. V. Vao ai MTstiaa agoai.
10> Vinde qui man tam aerto le
'. FogetDc a pooco a pouoo a cuita lida*
1. D. Dattm ham potwo Mnu o lai^ i»«nto.
4. F, Femuu fan humana.
5, N. Nanca manha suaue.
3. S. Se de man petuamento.
3. T. Tarn Miaua, tam finca, A tam bimOBb
!. A. Aqitril* dc M
1. O. Op<
3. O SuImoDMue Oouidlo deatcnrado.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
WORKS OF CAHOENS.
S. C. Como DOi Toasoi bombrM tain cwMvites.
3. M. Mu; ^lo Sitj aquam <n ckm on aorU.
1 . Q, Quern pode ur no muado (am quieto>
!. A. Ao Imtgo do WMWt.
A qnem darei qtiuiaiiiai namocado*.
T. Aa dofw eantilenu
8. Arde por gualathea btanca, & loura.
4. C CaiMando for hum Tille docemciite.
3. P. Fanado ja algum tenqm que oa amorti
1 . Q. Que grande raiiedade no fkaepdo.
■RKmuLHis, mma, srAEUa, & aiatA:
16. A. A morte poii que lou touo.
39> Amor que lodoa oBende.
ST. A dor que minba alma aente.
39. 'Amorei de hua caMd*.
43. Aquell citiua.
SO, Apailai^aae o> meu* dDhm.
St, Amor loco, amor loco.
II. C. Conde enjo elnMra pelio.
IS. Canpoe benuHuntundoi.
55. Caleriua bem ^omcte.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
EDITIONS OF THE
I, C Com urn vela, & sem leme.
Com TOWM olhiM gongnlues.
I. D. Duna de Mtranho primor.
Dm doeofa en que udat. t
Deu Mnhoca pen ■elit«ii9a.
De •UrmenUdD & perdida.
Deacal^a tbjf pola neue.
Dolms, & de qiunio tioer.
De piquena tomef unor.
De Tuestroa qo> cralellaa.
De dentro tengo mi maL
^ Da que me lerue fogir.
I. E. Eofbrguey minha esperan;*.
Esses alEnelea via.
£>te mundo es el cainino.
. F. Falao caualeiro iiigTBto.
. H. Ha huin bem que chega and fbge.
InBta fue mi perdiidon.
Irme qniero madre.
>. M. Has porem ague cudadoa.
I. Uuito MHS meu enemiguo.
k Uinha alma lemkniuoa della.
;. Menina fennosa & eras.
;. 'Meniiia doi oUkh *eiJe«.
Meniua nao lejr dizer.
I. N. Nao eslejaes sgranada.
Nao sey se ine engans Elena.
. O. Olhaf que dura eenteiifa.
jiir.cihyGoo'jIe
WORKS OF CAMO£M9.
I, O. OUkn iuo TIM nuncL*
i. F. Fe^ouos que mediguws.
Pus o corajao Dos ollios.
Pus ineuB olbos hub fiutda.
Pan que me ds5 Unrnentos.
Foil he mui *<me que m«u.
Fois me fu dano olharuoa.
For couw U5 pouca.
!. Q. Queiendo etcreuer hum dU.
Quem no mnndo qniiei;^ fer.
Qjul ton culpa de noa. s
Quem bora soubeae.
Quaodo tne quer enguiar.
. S. SiAre oe'rios que tso.
Soqidtaa que me querela.
Se deriuaea de verdade.
Se nao quereia podecer.
8e Tosaa dama Toa da.
Sem Tos, & com meu cudado.
Sem veutura he por demali.
Senhora pois me chamaia.
Se me leuao oguas.
Se de meu mal me contento.
Saudade miuha.
Senhora p<us miiiha Tida.
I. T. Trabalbos descuisariao.
Trista Tida ae me ordeua.
■ In the tei(,.but not in the
D,o,i..ci by Google
EDITIONS OF THE
. T. Tudo pode hii. ard(i«.
. Trocay a cudido.
i. Todo ea poco lo poaible.
. V. V.jo lulma pintad*.
Ver, & nuiii guards.
3. Vol sanfaora todo tenda
0. VidAdamliiliaalma.
S. V(d> ba> HKK DiBua di
S. Vm teneis mi cordon.
7. Va; b«m taf^Ao.
A copy of tliis rare Tolnme ie in the coQec-
tJon of Mr Heber.
Os Lusiadas de ZjvU de Camoes. Pcio ori-
ginal antigo agora novamenle itrg>ressos. Em
lAshoOi com licenfa do Sancto Offisio ^ Primle-
gio Real. For Manoel de Lap-a, 1597- A custa
' de Esteudo Lopez Mercador de liuros. ito.
The title is within a large wood-cut, which has
nothing peculiar about it* by which it can be de-
scribed. On the reverse of the title, and occupying
great part of the next page, is the certificate of
Frey Manoel CoelhO) of his having examined " Es-
" tas Obras de Luis de Camoes, as quaes forao ja
D,o,i..ci by Google
WORKS OF CAMOENS. 287
" muitas vezes impressas Sc emendadas." in which,
after explaining the use made hj Camoess of the
heathen Gods, and citing the Holy Scriptures as ao
authority for such Ucence, he declaresi that he does
not find any thing in the work contrary to the holy
faith and good customs ; but that it abounds with
much poetry, and is worthy of being printed and
read.
This certificate precedes the licence doted " Em
" Lisboa 15 de Nouembro de mil e quinhentos Sl
** nouenta & quartro" (1594) signed " Bispo
" deluaS) Dioguo de SousO) Marcos Teixeira."
On the fourth page is the Alvara of the King)
granting the privilege to LopeZf dated 30tb Decern*
ber, 1595, as given in the account of the Editio
Frinceps of the Rimas.
The poem commences nearly the same as the
Editio Princeps of the Lusiad, and occupies, like it*
186 numbered leaves. The last two lines in Canto
I. Stanza I. are the same as in Lord Holland's copy.
Although Dom Joz6 Maria de Sousa feels inclined
to praise the editor and printer of this edition, for
nearly fulfilling their promise of making it corres-
pond with the first edition of the Lusiad ; yet he
points out some passages where they have injudt-
ciousty taken upon them to alter the text.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
28S EDITIONS OF THE
A copy of this edition is in the Hbrai^ of
Mr Heber,
Rimas — 1 598 — t/o.
This edition, a copy of which is in Mr H&-
ber's possession, is not mentioned by Macfaado.
RiTttas — 1601.
The only mention that I find of this publi-
cation, is in the Discurso Preliminar, which
appeared with the works of Camoens, published
in 1779 — 80. " Afirma Pedro de Mariz, na
" vida que escrereo, e imprimio com aJgmnas
•' Rhythmas do Poeta em 1601." Of what
these " Bythmas" consisted I have not been
able to discover, or whether a wrong date may
, not have been given. We have already seen
an account of two editions of the Rimas, and
the next one is entitled the third impres«oa.
Os Ltisiadas — 1607.
An edition of the Lusiad of this date is thus
noticed by Machado, " Ibi por Pedro Craa-
D,o,i..ci by Google
WORKS OF CAMOEN8. 289
" beck, 1607, dedicado & UniTenidade de Co-
'* imfara" without stating any particulars as to
its size. Dom Joz£ Maria de Sousa inentionB
the above notice of it by Machado, and states
that be had not seen it May not Machado
have quoted it amongM the editioos of the Lu-
siad iiistead of the Rimas ?
Bimat it Ijoit de Combes. Aerescmtadas
netta Tercei/ra impressaa, Dirigidas d inclyta
Uniaersidade de Coimbra. Impressas com li-
cenpa da Sancta Jnquisifao. Em Ldsboa. Par
Pedro Crasbeeck. Anno 1607. A cmta deDo-
mingos Fernandez Mercador de libros. Cbn
Priuilegio. Inlaid 4to.
In the title page is a square wood-col, in which
is a globe with the words " in sso" upon it.
The various licences, which occupy the first page
of the second leaf, bear date some in June, and
others in July of the preceding year. On the other
side of this leaf is the King's Alvara in favour of
Vicencia Lopez, the widow of EBtevao Lopez; set-
ling fortJi the grant to her husband to print the Lu-
uad and the Runas of Camoens for ten years, and
VOL. II. u
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
290 EDITIONS OP THE
that as' her husbaad had died, leaving her irith five
children, and in indigent drcunutances, he ww gra-
doutly pleased to extend the grant to twenty years.
On the next leaf is the sonnet in praise of
Camoens,
" Quran he eate que lU hupa Luaitana, Ac"
followed by *' Prologo ao Leitor,'* by Dommgos
Fernandez, which occupies two pages. In this he
itates, that the two former impressiooB baring been
sold, and determining to print a third, he had taken
care to have the errors of the former ones correct-
ed ; so that this edition might be every way worthy
the great genius of its author. He adds, that the
love be bears his country will be his sole reward
for the great trouble the editing this edition will
cost him; and that his correction of die errors
of the former editions was not the only benefit
the works of Camoens had derived from him, for
he had rescued many of the poems from the ob-
livion in which they were hid; having increased
the second impression with nearly doiAle the num-
ber of sonnets which the first contained, five odes,
some tercetoB, and three letters in prose. He con-
templates the publishing a second part of the Ri-
mas, having by his diligence ascertained many of
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
WORKS OF CAMOENS. 291
the works of Csmoens ; he therefore doea not add
them to this edition, but retains them for the second
part, which he was prepariog, and which wonld ap-
pear in a short time. The vacant p^e is taken up
with Bemardes's sonnet in praise of Camoene. The
Rimas then begin, and are contained in 202 num-
bered leaves, besides which, are five more occupied
by the Taboada.
In this edition are added lo the first impieesion,
the following
A. Aautt qat O gMo huntano u'alma escreve. '
Amor he hum fogo que irde tea te ver.
Aquella fera humana que euriquece.
A pattiijaa, a gn^a, o doce geito.
Aquella que de purs cutidade.
B. Bern lej amor qoc be c«to o que nceo.
C. Com gnmdes eaperao^ ja canto.
Como qnando do mar tempt ttu ow.
ConTersa^ao domestica affd^oa.
D. DesptuB que quh HDor que en >& passasse.
IMtoao wja aqnelle que sSmente.
Dos illustrea anligoa que deutarai.
E. Em prraoit baiiai Ui hum tempo atado.
Etfor^ gcande igual ao penumento.
T. Praido leni ter cura pweda,
Fiouse o cora^ao de muito iaento.
U 2
D,o,i..ci by Google
EDITIONS OF THE
L. Lada •ereuidadc delcittaa.
N. Na meMd* do cao nibido irdiL
No Mmpa que dc nnm ntet m^
No mundo quis hum tempo que so achiBBc. I
No mondo poucM uiatn, & coniadok
Q. P culto dinnal u cdebiaia. |
Ondadm Aot dc oun> reliuente. I
Os TMtidM Elua renilTU. |
O njo criiUlina se otvndia.
Quam tone acompanbado junlamanlc
Que Icrai cniel morto ? bum duo dia. ,
Qua poderei do irauido ja querer.
Qua me quereii pcrpatuaa aaudadeai
R. Reaa5 he ja que minba confiau^i.
S. Soipiraa inflanuidoa que
8c pena por anuTTos w K
Vol que de olhos suavea. & ■
Voi Njntphai d* Gaogetica
A qucm duruo de piudo oa a
Do,T«jhy Google
WORKS OF CAMOEH8.
Ai]adte miko tzemplo.
Aquelle mofo ftio.
Dcapui qua Uagalluw tBT» tecid«.
KmoxDit^Ai, Mona, fttv—
Aomr cuja pnnldtDda.
0« boa vi Muqm pasaar.
POHible eg a mi cuidado.
Peque
Ferdigao perdeo a peua.
PoU a tantai perdi; Ses.
Sc ii'dma,.& no peaHimiita
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
S94 BDITIOHS OF THE
The fbUowing piecei, irhich were in the first edi-
don, «re not found in thii.
£ipaDtB cncsr tanto o CrocoAfak
Eu ve tf»rt» de *m N;rmfliu do T^
The tiro letten from India sre also additions
by Fernandez to the Rinuw. The third letter
mentioned in the " proli^o" is in the body of the
work ; and conveyed the " motet" &c. which com-
mences " Mas porem a que cuidados" to Dons
Franciaca d'Aragao, who had requested him to
write a little poemi to which the above line should
give the subject.
The preliminary papers and all the sonnets, ex-
cept the first, are in Roman letter : the remainder
of the volume, with very triflmg exceptions, is in
Italic character.
Copies of this rare edition are in the Public
Library at Brussels, and in the suthor's col-
lection of books relating to Camoais.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
VORK8 OF CAMOGNS.
Os Ijosiadas de I/ais d£ Camoes Principe da
Poeiia Heroiea. Dedicados ao D. Dom. Rod-
rigo da Ctmha, DeptUado do S. O^to. Impresses
com Ucenpa da Sancta Inquisifao, ^ Ordinario.
Em Litboa, Par Pedro Crasbeeck .- anno 1609.
Com Privilegio, d custo de Damngos Fernandez
liureifro. Inlaid ito.
On the back of the tiUe page begin§ the dedica-
tion (" A Dom Rodrigo da Cunha — Doctor en Ca-
nones, & deputado do Santo Offido. D. F. D. F.")
printed in Roman letter, and ending in the follow-
ing page. It bears date " Mayo 22 de 609)" and
is -signed *' Domingog Fernandez." On the back
of this second leaf) are four licences, dated Lisbon,
in June or July, 1606.
The poem, contained in 186 numbered leaves,
followB. The first Stanza of each Canto is in IttUic
t;pe. The last two lines of Canto I, Stanza 1. end
mth the contractions edificarao and tublintarao.
The above particulars of this editioD, which
does not appear to have been seen by Dom 5oz6
Maria de SouzB, were communicated to the
author of these memoirs by Mr Heber, who
u 4
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
'296 EDITIONS OF THB
obligingly mode the extracts &r this work from
a copy in the Public Library at Brussels.
Machado mentions the edition ** pelo dito
'* Impressor (Pedro Crasbeeck) 1609, dedica-
'* do a D. Kodrigo da Cunha deputado do
" Santo Officio que depois subio as mitras de
" Portalegre, Porto, Braga, e Lisboa.***
Os Lusiadas Do Grande Luis de Camoens
Principe da Poesia Heroica. CammetUadas pelo
Licenciado Manoet Correa Examinador Synodal
do Arcebispado de lasboa, 8; Cura da Igr^ de
S. Sebastiao da Mouraria, natural da cidade de
Elvas, dedicadas ao Doctor D. JRodrigo d'Aao^
ha, Inquisidor Apostotico do Saacto <^icio de
Lisboa, Por Domir^os Fernandez^ sen Lauregro,
Com licenfa do S. Offiido Ordinario, y pofo.
Em Lisboa, par Pedro Crasbeeck, anno 1613.
Etta tasada este livro em 320 Beis em papel.
This volume is apparently in 4to. and is described
as such by Machado. The poem and commentaries
occupy 308 numbered leaves, fi^des these, the
* BiUiol. Luatsn. Tom. iii. p. 74.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
W08KS OF CAHOENS. 297
licences, which all bear date in the early part of
the year 1611, take *xp a p^e; on the reverse of
which the dedicadon to IVAcanha commenceG,
bearing date the 12th February, 1613, nad filling
up two aides. At the head of this dedicadon is a
rude woodcut of armi. Following the dedicadon
ia a short address from the commentator to. the
reader, which occupies a page; and wherein he
stat^, " I made these annotations many years b^
" tore, at the request of a friend, and without ady
*■ intention of publishing them ; because, if I had
" entertained such intention, I would have publish-
" ed them in the life-dme of Csmoens, who repeat-
" edly requested me to do so."
He proceeds : " I now give them to the wortd
'* solely for the honour of Luis de Camoes, because
« bis work not being understood by all, is calumni-
*' ated by many, and denounced by others. Some
" without the light of literature, comment upon
" him in such a manner, as rather to render him
" obscure, and to dishonour him ; their annotations
*' bdng opposite to the fteling of the poet, and the
" trath of history and his po«ns. I beseech of the
" reader, therefore, that he will accept this work
*' in the spirit in which J offer it to him.*'
Another address to the studious in poedcal read-
ing precedta the poem. In this are recounted
D,o,i..cihyGooj^le
several anecdotes respecting Camoens, which have
been introduced into the life.
Machado writes, " This poem (the Lusi&d)
*' was illustrated with learned notes by difi^
" rent authors, Manoel Correa, Licenciate in
" the BBcred Canons, Sic. a great fri^d of
" Camoens, being the first; whose work Pe-
*< dro de Mariz published in Lisbon, from the
" press of Fedt-o Crasbeeck, 1613, Ito. and
" added to it some notes, as he says, in the
" Prologue,"
In this Prologue Pedro de Mariz mentions
that his addiUoQs were made with the privi^
and leave of the commentator. The fiuA of notes
being given in the Edition of ISSit ^ rather at
variance with this assertion by Machado of
Manoel Correa's being the first commentator.
Pedro de Mariz publi^ed this commentary
after the death of Correa ; and Ignacio Grorcez
Ferreira states, that the commentary is unsatis-
fiutory, inasmuch as attention has been ptad to
explain historical, fabulous, and geogr^hical
expressions ; whilst obscnre passages are left
without any expo&ition. Domipgos Fernandez,
D,o,i..ci by Google
WORKS OF CAHOEN8. 299
or Pedro de Mariz, has incurred the displea-
sure of Dom Joz4 Maria de Sousa, for having
deviated sometimes from the text of Camoens,
without ^ving any reason for such a liberty.
Correa vas dead when his commentaiy was
published, therefore not accountable for the
faults'of his editors.
The illustrations by Correa were re-printed
in the edition of 1720, mentioned hereafter.
Copies of this work are in the libraries of
Dom Joz6 Maria de Souza, and Mr Heber.
Bimas — 1614.
Re:^»ecting an edition of this date Macha-
do* has the following remark: — " Four edi-
tions were sold in less than twenty years ; nnce,
in 1614, Domingos Femandes published the
fifth, stating in lus prologue, *' In this Jifth
" edition I do Tiot add the mam/ •worktt •mhich
" mf diligence has dtsamered in certain originals
" never before printed; because in the second
" part of these RimaSfVAich I am printing, they
• Bihiiol. Luiitan. iii. p. 75. 76.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
EDITIONS OF THE
" xDtU shortly a^ear" tbtia promise, Machi^
do continues, he iiilfilled in the year 1616.
Ctmedia Dos Enfatrioes. Compotta Por IjdU
De Camoes. Em a quai etOrao asjfigurai sega-
intes, 4v. ^. Em Li^>oa, Impreaa com todas
as licenpat necestarias. Por Vicente Muarez.
1615. *to.
Comedia De Filodetuo. Compotta Por Lnt
De Camoes. £nt a qual enirdo asj^ptras segu-
intes, Sfc. 4rc. Em Zasdoa. Impressa com todas
as licmpas necessarias. Por Vicente Aluarex.
1615. 4ft>.
These plays are printed in dooUe
See the next article.
Bimas de Jjvis De' Camoes, Segvnda Parttf
agora nouamente impressas com Duos Comedias
do Autor. Com duos Epitiffiosjeitos a sua sepal-
tura, que mandarao faxer Dom Goofolo Coutin-
ho, 4* Martim Goitfoloes da Camara. E Aum
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
.WOBKa OF CAMOXHS. SOI
I*rolago em que contaa vida do Author. Dedi-
cado ao lUuslrissimo, <$- Heaerendiuimo Senior
D. Bodrigo d^Aamka Bispo de Portalegre, ^ do
ConselAo de sua Mageslade. Com todas as licen-
fas neeessarias. Em Lisboa. Na offunna de
Pedro Crasheeck, 1616. A custa de Domingos
Femandex Mercador de liuros. Esta taixado a
tostao em papel. Com Primlegio Real. ito.
For the following particalsrs conceming this
very cnrioiu edition, which is preserved in the
Public Library at Brussels, I am indebted to
the kindness of Mr Heber, who obligingly ex-
amined the volume for me.
On the reverse of the title are six licences of
various dates that to the two Comedies is dated
July 11, 1605. Lisboa— that to the " Creafao,"
September 4, 1608. Eleven leaves of preliminary
matter follow ; after which commence the Rimos
Segimda partei principally in Italic type, and occu-
pying forty numbered leaves. This part of the
Rimas is succeeded by the Poem on the Creajao,
&C. with a separate title-page, thus : " Obra do
" Grande Lvis De Camoes, Principe Da Poesia
'* Hert^ca. Da Cre89ao, & Composi^ao do Ho-
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
802 EDITIONS OF THE
*' mem. Com as Uceofia BccsMsriae. Em Liaboa
" For Fedro CndbeecE. Amio 1615." Thispoem
occH{»et thir^-five niunbered leaves, and is printed
in Italic. The signatures in eights ran from A. 1.
to E. 4. The running head-title is " Rimas de L.
de Camoei. 2 parte." The first canto contains
sixty stanzas, the second seventy-two stanzas, and
the third seventy stanzas.
The two Comedies are printed in Roman letter,
and have separate title-pages to each, besides which
they occupy forty leaves, numbered regularly «i
through both. The Dos Enfetrioes ends on the i7th
recto ; and the f^odemo be^ns on the 1 8th and
ends on the 40th recto. Signatures A a I. to E e.
2. For the titles see the last article.
It is in this volume that the poem, which has
be«i attributed by some people to Camoens,
first made its appearance. In the dedication
to the volume, however, the editor, Domingos
Femandes, ^ves almost a de<»ded n^ative to
its being the composition of the Portuguese
bard; and the idea is now quite exploded.
Femandes writes, that the Rhythmas which he
had collected, were certified to be by Camoens;
but he adds, " various persons have given me
„i..cihyGooj^le ■
WORKS OF CAM0EN8. 303
** others, and in the bands of many illiistrious
" Senhors, I foand three cantos tm the Crea-
'* tion of Man, in ottara rime, which are pla-
" ced at the end of this book, but which you
" assure me are not his." The editor of the
works of Camoens published in 1779 — SO
quotes, in his preface, the above extract, and
states, the testimony of the Archbishop, was
sufficient to satisfy the world, that Camoens
was not the author of the work'. He, however,
pursues his refutation, and gives the remark of
Faria e Sousa, in his Commentary on VoL IV.
of the Rimas, page 158, coL 1. wherein, afler
denying the &ct, he gives it as his opinion,
that it was the performance of some phyridan
or surgeon, who had versified the second part
of a work on anatomy, printed by Bernardino
de Montana, in 1551 : this second part is intitu-
" led Sueno da Marquez de Mondejar D. Luis
" Hurtado de Mendo^a." The fiction is, that
thb chevalier had, in a dream, seen this fabric
of the composition of man in the shape of a
palace.
Besides this peculiarity, the Comedies, print-
ed in the preceding year, and probably pub-
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
304 CDiTlONS OF THE
lished (or separate sale, render this volume an
object of curiosity.
Tbe editors of the Dictitmar; of the Acade>
my* state, that they decline to quote the poem
under the name of Camoeais, because of the
uncertain^ which there was as to its being^
his composition.
Lusiada de Ijuiz de Camoens agora novamente
retbtzida por Manoel Cvrrea Montenegro,
Machado gives the above as the title to this
edition, which, he writes, was dedicated to the
Duke of BraganzB, D. Theodosio.f The dedi-
cation is dated Salamanca, 15th August* 16S0.
In it the editor states, " that he met with the
<< work some years past, and determined to re-
«' store it, and correct its many errors, &c."
That he took very ex.tensiye hberties may be
inferred from the prolt^e, wherein he pro-
■ Catalogiu of Authors, p. 1 7 1 .
f Macbado iii. p. 333.
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
WORKS OF CASfOEMH. 305
ceeda to gay, " Luia de Contoem began to il-
" lustrate the PortugaeBe language, reforming
" many ancient and obsolete words, and intro-
" ducing others from the Latin, &c. which
** r^nedied the poverty of our language. And
*t in order that snch illustrious works should
** not sink into oblivion, or be undervalued,
*' we found out one of the most ancient co-
" pies as the poet wrote, and, entering on llie
** work, we changed all the esdruzulos* and
tt sharp verses, because they are by no means
" proper in heroic verse, at least at this day.
*' We have aiso substituted words fi>r others,
<« where the^ appeared to sound better, &«."
Bimas de Luis de Camoes, novatnente acrescen-
tadat, 4" emendadas nesta Impressao. Sirigidai
a D. Gottfolo Coutinko, com dous Epithq/los H
sua sepuUura que esti en Santa Anna que man-
daram Jazer Dom Gonfalo Coutinko S( Martin
Gonpalves da Camara. Anno 1621. Em Lis-
boa, com todas as licenfos necessarias Par An-
tonio Aluares. A Custa de Domingos Fenum-
' A >oft of ghort Tene which eodi in Dactf lea, from the
lloliui minudaiai—Viejn.
VOL. II. X
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
306 EDITIONS OF THE
das Mercador de Uvros. Com privilegio Real.
Tayxadat a 160 Reis empapel.
A rude wood-cut of •mall size is in the tHl«-page,
with the weirds " mihi taxus."
This volume is remarkable for one of the licen-
ces in it, signed Frey Antonio Freyre, and bearing
date " Etn Nokso Senhora Da Gra^a de Lieboa"
iltli July, 161i; wherein it is stated, that the
examiner had perused the Rimas as published in
1598 ; and as they are corrected in this edition, in
four or live places, which he judged indecent, he
sees no objection to their appearance. The expres-
sions which may have offended the fastidious delica-
cy of this monlc can only be ascertained by a minute
examination of the two editions.
The dedication, in four pages, dated I6tli De-
cember, 1621, follows the licences, and is succeeded
by a number of sonnets and epigrams, (amongst the
former is the sonnet of Tasso,] chiefly in praise of
Camoens, and by the two epitaphs.
The " Prologo" of Domingos Fernandez imnw
diately precedes the poems ; wherein he writes that
this is the fifth edition of the Rimas, and that all
endeavours had been used to render it correct, and
better than the others. He repeats nearly what he
said in the " Prologo" to the third edidon, as to
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
I
VOSXS OF CAMOBNS. 307
his having rescued muay of the composidona tVom
the obscurity in which they were buried.
The titles, &c. occupy sixteen pages, which are
not numhered; and the rest of the volume, com-
mencing with sonnets, is composed of 202 folios, or
nmobered leaves ; the Letters being placed at the
last as in the third edition. A " Taboada" of
eleven unnumbered pages, closes the volume. The
Italic printing, so general in the third edition, is
only partially introduced in this volume amongst
Ac odes, ecloguea, outavas, and redondilhas. There
are in the work, — 105 Sonnets ; 10 Can;oes ; 10
Odes ; Sextinai ; 3 Elegies ; A Dom Lionis Pereira,
&c- ; Capitulo " Aquelle mover," &c. ; Outavas
A Dom Antonio de Noronha & & Dom Constan-
tino ; OiUava & setta que o p^>a taaaiau a el Rey -
Dom Sdiestiao ; 8 Eclogues; Redondilhas; Cartas.
. This edition would appear to be a re-print
of that published in 1614, because Domingos
Fernandez states in his prologue, as he did in
that edition, that he bad not added his new
discoveries, but kept them for the second part
of the Rimas, which be intended to publish.
This is very extraordinary, because this second
part appeared in 1616, as we bave shewn.
X 2
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
308 kDITlOMS OF THE
A copy of tliis edition ii in the libraiy of
Mr Oooden.
Rmas — 1623. Q4mo. 2 Tim. For Lourenfo
Machodo is the authority for thin edition.
Os lasiadas de Imfs de Camoes. Co todas
as ticifos necessarias. Em Lisboa. Pot Pedro
Crasbeeck Impressor del Re^. ^n. 1626. SSmo.
After the licences, bearing date in 1625 and
1636» is a dedication to Dom Joom d' Almeida do
CoDcelbo del Rey nosso Senhor, gigoed Lourenfo
Crasbeeck, and dated 15lh April, 16S6.
In the first volume of these memoirs, I faave
particularly mentioned this dedication. The
author of it states, that his inducement for
printing the poem in so small a volume, was
the consideration that " the curious might not
" content themselves with reading it only, but
" also carry it constantly with them."
After the dedication are the sonnet of Tauo,
and a sonnet addressed to Joam d'Alniada. The
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
WORKS OF CAMOEN8. S09
poem then succeeds, and occupies 141 numbered
leave*. In Canto I. St. I. ; lines 7 and 8, end vitli
the contractions *< edificarao" and " aublimaroo."
A copy of this little edition is in the libraij
of Mr Heber, and another is mentioned in
Bridge's catalr^ue, 1725.
It would appear, irom an address to the
reader, in the edition of 1631, that the type
was brought from abroad in order to print this
very small volume.
Rimas <le Lvis de Catnoes. Emendadas nesia
duodecima impressao de muitos erros das ptasa-
das. Offrecidas ao ExceUentiss. S. Do Manoel
de Moura Corterreal. Marques de Castel Rodrigo,
^c. 1629. Em Lisboa, co lodas as licenpas ne-
cessarias. Por Pedro Craesbeeck impressor del
Rey. Simo.
The licences, some of which are dated in 1626)
occupy a page, and are followed by the sonnets of
Bernardes, and Leitao, and of a friend of Camoens,
commencing " Quern he este que na harpa Lusi-
*' tana ;" and also by " & sepultura de Luis de Ca-
" moet Soneto, tirado de versos destes suas rimas,"
X 3
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
SIO EDITIONS OF THE
por Joao Gromez do Pego. A abort dedicstkm, by
Pedro Craesbeeck, precede* the Rimas, dated Lis-
bon, 3rd July, 629. Tbe poenu occupy 174 num-
bered lesvei, and are the same aa in tbe edition of
A copy of tlus edition is in (he library of Mr
Heber ; who also possesBes a dnplicate, at the
end of which, without any title-page, but the
same in size, are given, ** Mimas de I/ois de
" Camoes, Segunda parte" on 68 folios, or
numbered leaves.
These contain thirty-fire Sonnets ; Elegy on the
passion of our Saviour ; El^y to tbe " Dr Mestre
" Belchior em louuor de lua filha Dona Maria de
« FigueiroB, na India em Damao ;" Ode do Camoes,
que nunca foy impressa, commencing " NaqueQe
« tempo brando ;" Outra ode, do mesmo nunca im-
pressa " Ja a calms nos deixou ;" Caa$Km, '• Nem
" roxa flor de Abril;" Sextina; Canfad "Manda
" me amor, &c;" Peti^ad " Sprito valeroso cujo
« estado, &c. ;" Redondillas ; Epietola V Duvidosa
" esperan^a, Sec." and the poem on the " Crea^am
" e Composigao do bomem." The volume closes
with die Epitaphs of Coutinho and Gonjalvez da
Camara.
D,o,i..ci by Google
Os Ijosiadas de Dmfs de Camoes, co todas as
licefos necessarias. Em Lisboa Por Lauren^
Cratbeeck Itapressor del Rey. ^n. 1631. SSffto.
Id tbe title-page are & iword and a pen, with a
crovn of laurel round tbem, aad the words Simdi.
IN UMtiM. The liceDces are dated in I6S0 ai}d
16S1, and talce up two pages. A short .dedication
from Paulo Crasbeeck, " ao Senhor Dom Duarte
filho 11. do Senhor Dom Theodoeio Duque de,Bar<
gan^fi 11. deate nome," follows, and is succeeded
by au address' to the' reader from Joam Franco
Barreto.
In the address, this edition is named the second
printed with these small characters, which with rei^
son may be called the poet's own, having been sent
for from abroad on purpose to print his works with.
Barreto says, that, prompted by the curiosity aod
affection which he always felt for tbe - compositionB
of Camoens, be undertook to amend the text, which
had been suffered to be printed corrupt and vitiated.
Preceding the poem are the sonnets of Tasso, and
to Dom Joam d' Almeida. The poem occupies 140
numbered leaves. The contracdons *' edificarao"
and " sublimarao" occur as in the last edition.
X 4
D,o,i..ci by Google
six BDITIOH8 OP THE
Copies of this edition are in the collections
of Dotn JfnA Maria de Souza and Mr Hebn-.
Ot Zjosiadas de Lvu de Cameru, co todas as
Ucifat necessaria. Em Luboa por ZiOta-enfo
Cnubeeck Jmpressor del Re^. An. 1633. SSno.
Following the licenceai which occupy two pages,
and are dated in 16S2 and SS, is a dedication hj
Lourenjo Crasbeeclc, dated ilb July, 1632, " ao
" IlliutriHimo&ReverendissimoSenhorDdlaaoda
" Sflua Capellao ni6r de lua Magestade, Ordinario
*< da C^mUb, Caaa Real, & toda a Corte, Sec." In
thii dedication, the volume is called the third edi-
tkm in these very unall charactera. The sonnetB of
Taaao and to Almeida precede Ihe poem as in the
laat edition, of iriiicb, excepting as above, this iqH
peara to be a r&f rinU
An edition of the Lusiad is mentioned by
Clark, in his work on Maritime Diacovery,
with the date 162S, which I am inclined to
think is an error, and intemled for 1633.
A copy of this edition is also in the library
ofMrHeber.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
D,o,i..(i by Google
MANOEIi DE -FA.B1A. E SOU;SA-
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
WORKS OF CAMOENS. 313
lAisiadas de Luis de Camoens, Principe dt
lot Poetas de Espana. Al Sey N. Senor Felipe
Qfiarto el Grande. Commentadoi par Manuel
de Faria i Sousa, Gavallero de la Orden de
Gkristo, i de la Casa Real. Contienen lo mas
de lo Principal de la Uistoria, i geogrt^la dd
Mundo ; t singularmente de Espana : muckapO'
litica excelente, i catolica : varia moralidad, i
doctriTia s aguda, y entretenida Satira en comua
a lot vicios : i de profession los lances de la
Poesia verdadera i grave : I su mas alto, i soiido
pensar, Thdo sin salir de la idea del Poeta.
Primero i segtaido Tobw.
THE ROYAL
ARMS.
Exivit sonm Eorum.
In omnem Terram.
Com privilegio. En Madridt por Joan San-
ckez, A casta de Pedro CoeUo, Mercador de
Uhros,
D,o,i..ci by Google
SK EDITIONS OF TH£
These two volumes, which are in folio, are
usually bound in one; as are the third and
fourth, which conclude the work, and were
printed in -the same year.
' At the beginning of this laborious work, which
occupied its author twenty-five years, is a short no-
tice to printers, dated " En Madrid a viente de
" Mar90 de 16S9;" directing them bow to arrange
it, in case it should ever be reprinted.
The licences " por el Ordinario" and " por los
" Seaores de Real Consejo" follow. From the
dates it will be seen, that they were implied for
nearly two years before the work appeared.
" Vio este libra Don Tonias Taraayo de Vargas,
" Coronista mayor de bu magestad-en CastiUat i en
'' las Indias, i miniatro en el Consejo de Ordenes, i
" en el de la Santa Inquisicion." He says, " that
" this poem, being equal to the best of the ancients,
" and superior to all the modems, wants ilJustiation
" to make it understood; as was the case with Ho-
" mer and Yirgjl, whose works have exercised the
■■ genius of all ages." He proceeds by stating,
" that the spirit of the great Luis de Camoens is
" superior to the matter of which he writes;" and
after paying considerable compliments to Vasco de
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
WORKS OF CAMOEN8. 315
Gsma, he writes, " botb of them, however, owe the
" renovation of their glory to the genius, erudition,
" and diligence of Manuel de Faria i Sousb; who,
** with incredible trouble and fatigue, had drawn
*' forth from the obscurity in which they were en-
" veloped, the sublime genius of the poet; the feme
*' of his hero ; and the glory of the Idngi and che-
" valiers of his nation.'' He proceeds further,
" Sa^a, Saiga a lui, appear, appear, a work on so
" many, accounts important to the honour of Fortu-
" gal and Castile; instruction for all the nation,
" and the admiration of strangers and ourselves."
AfUr stating, that Spain may be proud of possessing
this extraordinary ornament, he exultingly grants
the requested licence, " En Madrid a 18 de Julio,
" de 16S7. DoM Tohas Tahato di Vargas."
The licence of the Ordinary bears date, 20th of
April, 1637; and is followed by another from the
long, of the ISth of September, 1637; grantingto
the editor, the privilege of copyright for ten years.
The dedication to the king is now proceeded
with: — " The most celebrated man for poetical
■* studies that Spain ever possessed, has, though
" Ute, properly taken shelter under the protection
" of the grtotest prince that the world now has,
*' and of the patron of every description of ingeni-
" ous merit." The king is informed, that his an-
D,o,l..ci by Google
S16 EDITIONS OF THE
cestor, Philip the Becond, had enquired for Camoens
on hie entry into Portugal ; and the ctmdesceneioD
of the monarch is praised for having, amongst die
many s^ra which must have occupied his atten-
tion on so mtHnentous a biuinesB as the invasion of
a kingdom, thought of and enquired for Camoene,
who, he was informed, had died a short time I>efoFe
his arrival. The same high strain of panegyric,
addressed equally to the monarch and to the poet,
is c<»itinued nearly unto the end.
This dedication to 'the King bears date 20tfa
March, 1639 ; and is followed by apotber of the
same date, addressed " Al Excellentisumo Senor
Dom Caspar de Guzman, Conde de Olivares, Duqoe
de San Lucar," ftc ftc. wherein Paria e SouM
says, '* having resolved to offer this work to his
" Majesty, it follows of necessity, that I should
'• also present it to your excellency." Another
address to Dom Geronimo Villanueva, Ac. Ac.
closes the adulatory preliminaries.
The advertisements to the readers next com-
mence, in No. X. of which, he writes, '* This wort
" cost me the best 25 years of my life; and, to put
*' it into its present state, I have expended more
" Xhan 400 crowns, in the purchase of books and
" makiog researches, whidi coidd not be at any
" odier use to me than for this object; besides
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
,11 ..(i by Google
1:TH5 be ClAMOENTS
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
(
WOBKB OF CAHOBHfl. S17
" what I have laid out to atimulate the printer that
** I employed, and in the eDgravingB which adors
** it." He coBtinues Kating, that for a man of hia,
not very flourishiiig circumitancefi, he had done
more for Camoens than pnncec, or the rich and
powerful ; and he BtrongI}? denounce! the apparently
litde interest felt for the poet.
In the preceding number we have an account of
the decoration! of the work. The portrait of Ca*
moens,* he s^s, ** was copied from one which was
" an wiginal, and which had been ordered to be
" made t^ hia friend, the licentiate Manoel Cmret,
" after his arrival from India. Those of Vasco dc
** Gama, and of the viceroys, were taken from
" faithful copies curiously made in India from the
" originals, which were in the (Sala) Hall at Gua."
Besides these, there are vignettes, descriptive of the
occurrences In the poem. The portrait of Gams is
die same as in Fanshaw's translation of the Lusiad;
and the printing is continued on the back: it is
placed opposite column 531, and has no engraver's
name. The others give only the heads of tbe Vice-
roys, exc^t that of Afibnso de Albuquerque. The
portraits are cut in wood, and the ftc-sinules of
* I haie noticed in the preface, that Ihe poet appears blind
of tha- wrong ejt.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
SIS EDITIONS or TH£
AoBe of Dom Francisco d' Almeida, and Dom Gar-
cia de Noronha, vhich are here given, will allbrd
an idea of their execution. Tbere are also wood-
cuts of the Earth, shewing the dispoeition of the
Planets, and of the Moon, and a Map of the Globe.
D. FR. DE ALMEIDA.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
WORKS OF CAHOEKS.
D. a. DE MOEONHA.
Tlie " adverteocias" are followed by the " Elt^io
" ol Conunentador," written by Lope Felix de Vega
Carpio. It occupies ten p^es, and in divided into
twenty-flix heads, or chapters. In the firat of these
Lope says, that if Camoene is the prince of the
Poets, who have written in the " Idioma Vulgar,"
Faria e Sousa is the prince of all Conunentators,
by Google
320 SDITI0N8 OF TUB
for Gomnoentariec on ao great ft poet oever ^^war-
ed so complete before from one haud. la the fourth
division are enumerated the various worte of Faria
e Sousai which consist of twenty-four articlet. In
the fifth, these various works are compared with
similar productions of the aDcienIs, and he is said to
excel many, and to be equal to diem all. Lope
writes, " the consideration of this obliges me to
" dedicate to him, for my own credit, the comedy
" del Marido mat Jirtne ;" and to thus speak tf
" him in my Laurel de Apolo :
Entra mucboa dvntificoi supuesUn
cUgen s F«u>
que ua HiMori*. i PoeHs,
uben que no pudiera
darU majuT la LusiUoa E^run.
(Aunque dt UQtos con nuon se picciii,
que pueden emlnilUr luUa, i Grecis)
como lu mueBtiaa oj tanlos iiiCiitO!i
TBstidos de concepUM inaudilus,
elocuciones, fnat, i mloros,
frutm de lelnu, i de ytnm flures.
From the sixth to the twelfth chapter are various
passages, wherein Faria e Sousa is praised. The
twelfth commences with an account of his Li&t
towards the end of which tlie author draws several
D,o,i..ci by Google
VOBK8 OF CAHOENS. S21
CompartBoni betireen him and Camoeni. Aa, bow-
erer, there is a life of faitn in the BibJiotbeca Lontana
of Machado, compiled from the belt sources, I pre-
fer making a short sketch firom it rather than to take
my account from Lope de Vega, because Machado
wTole at a much hiter period.
Manoel dc Faria e Souza was bom on the
XStli of March, 1590, at the Quinta do Souto,
in the district of Filgueriaa; and was baptized
at the church of Santa Maria de Fombeiro, an
antient Benedictine Monastery on the Bank of
the Visella, in the province of Entre Donro e
Minho. Of the place of his birth }te writes :
El bano en este Templo se exercita,
que -ei la primera puerta a ser christiano :
aqui me dio tal bien mano infinita
■u tinilo, Bu nombre soberano,
por el amor sin musas dizir qinero
6a de Santa Maria de Fombero.
Aqui mi vida en un ameno Soto
bien assombrsdo de castano, y roble
a poner en bu rueca empet^o Cloto;
en nido quando humilde, en nada ignoble:
D,o,l..(i by Google
322 ■ EDITIONS OF THK
una Torre do Lizes adornada
me did u no riqueza, saogre Iionnuta.
Fuent. de Agaoip. Part. 2. st. 100 tr ICS.
His parents were Amador Perez de Eir6,
Fidalgo da Casa Real; and Ltiiza de Faria e
Souza, daughter of Estacio de Faria, M090
Fidalgo, and grand-daughter of Manoel de
Souza, from whom he inherited his nam^ de-
rived from the ancient Castle of Faria, orna-
mented with (Lizes) Fleur deUs, or lilies, to
which he alludes in the above verses. His
early youth evinced extraordinary genius in
various departments of literature ; and to culti-
vate the seeds of instruction, which bis fatho*
had sown, he proceeded to Braga to study lo-
pe. It would appear^ however, that his mmd
was more inclined to the delights of Apollo,
than to the speculations of Aristotle ; and that
he then composed several verses, which in lus
maturer years, he consigned to the flames. At
the age of fourteen, his relation, D. Fr. Goo-
^o de Moraes, Bishop of Oporto, appointed
him his secretary; and in tiie space of ten
years, whilst he was under this virtuous prehOCr
D,o,l..ci by Google
WORKS OF CAMOENS. 329
he was inBtructed in the most solid documents
of moral and political life. In the year 1614,
ihe married D. Catherina, the only daughter
of Pedro Macbado, the head accountant of
die Faa^ida Real of Oporto. Faria e Souza
and hiB wife were of the some age; and during
tiie thirty-eve years of their married state, had
ten children. In 1618, he quitted Oporto to re-
side at Fombeiro, where bis parents then were.
Aspiring, .however, to higher fortunei, he set
oat for Madrid, whither he was invited by the
Secretary i^ State of the Kings Philip III. and
IV. who received him on his arrival with marks
of ^^robatioo; but by whose unseasonable
death, his well-founded hopes of advancement
vanished. He then resolved to return to Por-
tugal, but was induced by the promises of the
Marquis of Castello Rodrigo D. Manuel de
Moura Corte Real, to ■ remain. He received
a letter written to this nobleman by D. Alonso
Furtado de Mendofa, Archbishop of Lisbon,
and Oovemor of Portugal, which he deUvered
to him. In this, Mendo^a writes to recom-
mend his ^pointment as Secretary of State for
India; for which station, although he had ne-
Y 2
D,o,l..ci by Google
324 EDITIONS OP THE
ver seen him, yet from wbat be had heard of
bis tideDts, he was certain be was qualified.
To this recommendation the Marquis answer-
ed, that the office was too scanty a roDDiuiera-
tion for a man of such merit. Faria e Souza
was also disiqipoiiited as to another application,
made in his &TODr; he therefore seized the
importunity of a vessel going for Lisbon, and
returned thither in 1628. In this journey, lie
became afflicted with that dealness which re-
mained during the rest of his life. He'was
now named by Alonso Furtado de Mendo^a
Secretary of State; but relinquished the ad-
vant^e trf the appointtoent, the Marquis of
Castello Rodrigo, who was going Ambassador
to Rome, having invited him to accompany
him, as Secretary to the Embassy. To the
request of the Marquis, he at first would not
concede ; but at last be ^tered his mind, and
taking leave of his parent, d^mrted from Por-
tugal in I6S0, with his ^mily. He joined the
Marquis, who, on their arrival at Rome, de-
livered to him the cipfao- of the embassy. In
Rome, he received a visit from the Q^^nt of
CastelviLani, the Chief Chamberlain of the
„i..cihyGooj^le
WORKS or CUIOENfl. 325
Tope, to whom be was known merely by his
writii^; and who requested him to compose a
poem on the coronation of Urban VIII. Faiia
e Souza readily complied, and as Urban was
bimself a poet, he received from the PontiflF, at
an audience which he had on the 14tih Septem-
ber, 1633, flattering compliments for his skill.
Conceiving that he had little prospect of making
bis fortmie in Rome, he left that city in 16S4,
and came to Madrid; where be experienced the
inconTenieDce of being suspected as disaffected
to the goremment. He was, however, restored
to liber^ through the means <^ the Secretary
of State, D. Jeromino da Villanova, who ob-
tained him the favour of the court, and a pen-
sion for the support of his family. He is
represented to have been very fond of retire-
ment ; and although residing in official situa-
tions in the courts of Lisbon, Madrid, and
Rome, instead of joining in the usual parties
of pleasure, he is r^iorted never to have fre-
quented any place but the church and his own
house. A great charadcr is given of him for
the suavity of his manners, and the strict atten-
tion he pAid to truth in his writings. Machado
Y S
D,o,l..ci by Google
326 BDITIONS OF THE
states, that be was the sworn enemy of flat-
tery, although the composiiij; his dedication in
Spanish, and the tenor of his writings, woold
induce a contmiy opinion. His application
was excessive, and he might ahnost in that
respect be placed along with his biographer
and eulo^st, Lope de Vega. He dedicated
the last fifteen years which preceded his death,
in composing the History of the Political and
Military Actions of the Portujpiese in the Four
Quarters of the World. His skill in poetry
was not inferior to his taieat for historical
writing. He died on the 3rd of June, 1649,
at the age of 59 years; his decease being has-
tened probably by his attention to fais works,
and by not taking mfficient exercise.
He was buried the day after that of his
death, in the Convent of the Regular Canons
at Madrid, and the following inscription placed
to his memory : — " Aqui jaz Manoel de Faria,
" e Sousa^ Cavallero de la Ordem de Christo,
" y de la Casa ReaL Mnrio, a 9. y fiie sepul-
" tado a 4 de Junio de 1649." His remains
were afterwards removed by his wife to the
church of Santa Maria de Pombeiro, uid over
„T«jhyGooj^le
WORKS OF CAUOENB. 927
(hem was placed : — " Inciytus bic jaoet uxore
*' sua sepulta scriptor ille Lusus Emmuiuel de
" Faria e Sousa, die 6 Septembris 1660."
Macbado gives a long detail of his vftrioufl
writings, amongst which bis Historical Works,
. and his Commeataries on the Lusiad and Ri-
mas are the principaL
The Commentaries on die Lusiad were com-
menced in 1614, aiid occupied his attention
for 25 years; during which time be is repre-
sented to have consulted more than a thousand
antbors. The applause be received from so
many learned men, was very satis&ctory to
Maopel: many of their egressions of approba-
tion and praise are quoted by Madiado, who
says, that this almost general acclamation in his
'ftvour, was not, however, sufficiently powerM
to protect him from the envy of D. Agoslinho
Manoel de Vasconcellos ; who was bold enough
to accuse him, brfore the Inquisition of Castile,
of maintaining opinions inimical to Catholi-
dsm. From this charge be w^ released by tbe
Holy Office, which considered it calumnious
and without foundation ; and by this sentence
he obtained a complete triumph over his invi-
Y *
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
328 EDITIONS or THX
dious prowcutor. The malice of D.Agostinho,
howtifer, sdli pursued him, for, joining with
two other persons, to lAom Manoel had given
some offence, they presented a memorial to the
InquisidoD at Lisbon, hoping, by doing so, to
obtain that otgect in which S. Agostinho had
be«i disqipointed at Madrid. The charge was
entertained by Pant^eao Rodrigues Pacheco,
who held the first seat in die Inqoisitioii, and
who ordered the a^r to be investigated. An
injunction was in the mean time issued to pre-
vent the sale of the Commentanes. Sever^
penOBB of high consideniticMi tmdertook to
obtain the dissolution of this prohibition, so
(rffennve to Manoel de Faria; who considered
himself a worthy candidate for lasting fame.
Amongst these his fiioids were D. Alvaro da
Costa, the principal Chaplun ; D. Gr^j^rio de
Castellobranco, Count of VUla NoTa; and
Francisco de Sd e Menezes, Count of Mato-
zinhos ; whose exertions at last prevmled. Ma-
noel was ordered by the Inquisitor General
D. Frandsco de Castro to defend the passages,
which had been rq>res«ited inimical to the
Cathcdic religion ; and, in consequence, in the
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
WORKS OF CAMOENB. 329
short q>ace of fifteen days, be produced a work,
intitoled ; " Ittforinacvm en favor de ManoH de
*' Faria y Softsa, Cavallero de la orden de
" Christo e da la Casa Real sobre la acuzacion
" gue se kizo en el Tnbtmal del Santo Officio de
" lasboa a los CommerUarios que docta, y Judi~
" ciosa catholicamente escritno a las Lusiadas
'* dd doctissimo e profundtssimo, e soiidissimo
" Poeta Ckristiano Imiz de Camoens unico or-
" ttamento de la Academia Espanola en este
** genero de letras. 1610. Felio."
The leaf ftdlowing the Elogio by Lope de Vc^a
ig divided into two columns, at the head* of wMch
are the portraka of Luis de Csmoena, which has
been noticed ; and that of Faria e Souza. These
are succeeded by the St»uiets of Tasso, Ldtad, Ber-
nardes, and othera ; and by numerous Epigrams,
Epitaphs, and other poetical pieces, in praise of
Camoens and his Commentator.
The work is thus noticed in various cata-
logues, &C.
Luaiadas de Luis de Camoens, commentadaa por
Manoel de Faria y Sousa. 3 Tom. 2 vol folio.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
330 EBITIONS OF THE
Madrid, Sanchez, 1639.— Bribe's Sale, 1725.
Sixteen ehilUhga.
Lusiadss de Luis de Camoeoa, commeuUdaa por
Manoel de Faria j Soosa. 4 Tom. in 2. Mad.
1639. Edit. rarUs West'* Cat. 8wo. 1773.
Eighteen shillingB.
■ ■ Edition fgalemeDt esUm^e (avec I'ouTre
de Benito Caldera) Se recherch^e. 18. & 20 Hv. —
Did. Bibliogr. par Pabbe Duelos. Tout. I,
f. 231.
liusiadaa de Luis de Camoens, commentadas ^ar
Manoel da Fcria. Madrid 16S9. 4 vole, in folio.
36 liv— Onwiw* Diet. Typogr. Ton. l.p. 163.
—— Edition eBtimfe. 20 liv. — Foumier, Diet.
NowD. Portatif de BttUagr.
1639. in fel. 12 ir. Smibiae.~BnMef Maju
da Lib.
I hav^ in the prelsce to these memoirs,
stated, that I forbore to rqwat die hsrB]i sea-
tences which have been pronotmced against
Faria e Souza by a late biographer vS Csmo-
^ts; because I thought his memory entitled to
respect for what he had done to illustrate the
poet. That remark had reference principally
to him, as the writer of the life of the Portu-
gese bard. I feel it a duty, however, to state
D,o,i..ci by Google
WORKS OF CAMOENS. 331
in thb part of my work, that in addition to
this censure, he is also represented by writers,
to whom it would be difficult not to give some
credit for what they advance, to have buled in
his laborious work on the Lusiad. The writers
to whom I allude, are disposed to grant him
considerable praise for his inde&dgable r^
search and great exertions, and to allow that
he has, in many instancee, explained passages
of his author which were obscure; yet they
accuse him of vitiating the text of Camoens ;
of self importance;" of following an indistutct
plan in his preliminary matter; of an indis-
creet and over-anxiety to place his author
above all modem poets, and oo an equality
with the best of the ancients; and of a too
profuse quotation of parallel passages from -
fhem. He is also r^orted to be deficient in
explaining calmly, any new or extraordinary
idea, any delicacy of sentimait, Uvely meta-
phor, beautiful description, or exalted diction,
when they occur in the po&n ; preferring rather
• Correa's Comnienluy had appeared in 1613, y«t be
sttitn, " Yd ten el primed que publico este PoeM comeDtado
D or .«jhy Google"
S32 EDITIONS OF THE
an impassioned and earnest iqipeal to com-
parisons. At the same time, either passing over
without notice, or following a similar course
with respect to any passages wherein Camoena
may not have be«i so happy in his ideas, s«iti-
ments, or expressions ; and by quoting the ex-
ample of other poets, pretending thereby to
authorize bis defects.
Let it, however, be stated in his defence, that
a conuderable degree of the anxiety complain-
ed of, is pardonable in an author, whose whole
mind is employed in the illustration and service
of any particular <^ject; and that he hinwelf
in one passage states, diat he offered his la-
bours with a greater desire to understand the
poet, than presumption that he had ^ven him
as understood.*
Faria e Souza wrote an Ed<^e, which be
calls Cintra, in which he gives the life of Ca-
moens in lines, taken from the compoutions of
the bard himsdf. It is of considerable length,
and is accon^>anied by notes.
* Ultiiaamcate le hemot ofrcddo ate nuegtro tnbtjut am
(Has deuoK de ontenderle, que ptenaapcioaet de qm le danwa
D,o,i..ci by Google
VORKS OF CAHOSKS. S3S
Copies of these rare Tolumes are in His Ma-
jesty's Library at Buckingham Hoase ; and in
the coUecdong of Mr Heber, and Mr Gooden.
A copy of the Apology, and of the Life of
Faria e Souza by D. Francisco Moreno Pored,
printed in folio, at LisboD, 173S, are in the
collection of the author of these memoirs.
Os Ijosiadas de IMs de Camoei. Co todas
as licenfos necessarias. Em Ltshoa. Por Paulo
CraeAeecK. Impressor 8f Liwreiro das tres Or-
dens Militares, 4r a nta custa. ArmolGM. SSmo.
This little volume is dedicated to Dom Joam
Rodiigues de Sd de Menezea, Conde de Penaguiao,
Ac The dedication is dated Srd May, 644, and
signed by Paulo CraesbeecK. The poem occupies
160 numbered leaves; the Cantos are preceded by
Barreto's arguments; and the index by the same
person, carries on the numbers to 204. The li-
cences are on the last side of the 204th leaf
He copy of this edition, which was in the
Bibliot. Blandford. and sold at the White-
knights sale, has been added to the collection
of editions of the works of Camoens in the pos-
session of Mr Heber.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
EDITIONS OF THE
Rimas — 1645. limo. Usboa, Por Pedro
Crasbeeck.
An editiiHi b ihns deacribed t^ Mochado.
Rimas de Luis de Camoena. iiimo. LiA.
Crooked. 1651.
Os Luuadas de Luis de Camoes. 2imo. Rid.
1651.
These volumes were sold together ttt Bridge's
uJe, i 725, for seven shillings.
Machado mendona this edition of the Lu-
nad, which, he says, was printed by Pedro
Crasbeeck.
Simas — 1633. Por Jntonio Crasheeek de
Melio. Lisboa. 12>no.
This edition is meaitioned by Machado.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
WORKS OF CAHOENS.
Le Pere Niceron mentions an edition of the
Liisiad (rf thia date. He writes, •' Je trouve
" dans le Catalogne de la Bibliotheque de
f< M. Bulteau une edition de la Lnsiade avec
** des Sonunaires de Jean Francois Barreto et
*' un Abr^ de la Vie de Camoens par le
" m&m^ imprim^ i Lisbonne en 1663, in 6to.
" qne Nicolas Antonio n'a ptHnt eaoMiai,"* It
is also noticed by Velssqnez.
Rimas de Ltds de Camoes Princepe dos Poetas
Portugueses, Primeira, segunda, e terceim par-
te, nesta nova Impretsam entmendadas, ^ acres-
eentadas, Pello Lecenciado Joam Pranco Bar~
reto. Idsboa. Com as licenfos necessarias, na
ogicina de Antonio Craesbeeck de Metlo, Impres'
tor de Cata Real. Anno IGQ&. 4ito.
•D,o,i..ci by Google
336 EDITIONS OF THB
FoUawing tbe title, and od one leaf, are two son-
nets to Camoena ; after which the Rimas commence,
occupying S68 pages ; the last of which is filled
with the epitaph by Martin GonsalTes da Camera.
This volume contains 106 Sonnets; 10 Canfoea;
10 Odes; Sextinas; 3 Elegies; Poem to Pereira;
C^itulo; Outavas to Noronha; To Dam Constan-
tino ; A sete, que o Papa mandou a el Rej D. Se-
bastiao; 8 Eclogues; Redondilhas; and the two
Letters-
Copies of this volume, either separate or
attached as is afterwards mentjoned, &re in the
possession of Mr Heber, the British Museum,
Trinity ColI^;e Library, Cambridge and of
the author of these memoirs.
Terceira parte das Rimas do Principe dos
Poetas Portugueses IMs de Camoens, tiradat de
varios manuscriptos muitos da letra do metmo
auior. Par D. Antonio Alvarez da Cunha offere-
eidas a Soberana AlfexA Do Principe Horn Pedro.
Por Antonio Craesbeeck de Mello, Impressor de
S. AUeza, 4* ^ '"^ t^uf^ impressas. Anno 1668.
,11 ..d by Google
VrOtLS.8 OP CAMOENfl. IS7
On the second leaf are the Tsrioiu licences, grant'
ed in the commencenieiit of the preceding year; and
on the third is the dedication, in which da Cunha
accounts for the tardy appearance of the Rimas,
and the apathy felt for Camoens immediately on the
death of Sebaitiaa ; by itaUng that the nation waa
more inclined to lament its disasters, than to ap-
l^ud dcACriptions. In a short notice to the reader
v? are informed, that the poems then offered had
never hefore been printed j and that they were taken
from manuscripts which could be depended upon.
The Rimas occupy 106 numbered pages, at the
end of which is the word Finis : following it, how
ever, are 22 pages unnumberedi and containing 43
sonnets.
The former part of the volume contains iS Son*
nets; an Elegy on the death of Dom Miguel de
Mbnezes; another Elegy on the death of Dom
TellO) who was killed in India, found In a M.S. of
the Archbishop Dom Rodrigo da Cunha, written in
1568 ; another Elegy to a Lady ; some RedondiK
has; Elegies IV. V. VI. VII. IIX.; Elegy to the
niustrious Senhor Pedro da Sylva; S Sextinos; 2
Odes ; 5 Can;oes ; Lines to Sebastian ; Redondil'
has ; and 8 Sonnets.
Copies of this volume are in my collection of
VOI,. II. z
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
EDITIONS Of 1
works relating to CmnoeDS, and in the collec-
tion of the " Obras," in the British Museiun.
Rimas de lyoiz de Camoes jtrincepe dos Poetas
Portugueses, Segunda Parle. Emendadas, Sf
aereseentadas peUo Lecenceado lodo Franco Bar-
Teto. Idsboa. Com as licertfas neeessarias. Par
Antonio Craesbeeck de S^Uo, Impressor da Casa
Beat. Anno de 1669. *to.
On the second le^ is the Sonnet by Leitao.
The Rimas thea commence, and occupy 207
numbered pages, ending with the Protestation of
Faith. The volume contains 36 Sonnets; 2 Elegies;
2 Odes ; 1 Can^am ; Sextina ; ] Can^am ; Petigam
feiia ao Regedor de hiia nobre moga, press no Li-
moeiro da Cidade de Lisboa, por se dizer, que fisera
adulterio a seu Marido, que era »a India, feita por
Luis de Camoes ; Redondilhas ; Poem on the Crea-
tion and Composition of Man ; Comedia del Rey
Seleueo; and Comedia dos Anfitrioes.
Copies of this volume, either separate or
attached, as afterwards is mentioned, are in the
possession of Mr Heber, and of the writer of
these memoirs; and are also in the British
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
WORKS OP CAMOEItS.
Musetun, and in Trinity College Library, Cam-
bridge,
Obna de Lvis de CamoSs PrinCepe dos Poetas
Portugueses. Com os argutsentos do Lecenceado
lodo Franco Barreto ; 4r for elle emedadas em
esta nova impressdo, que comprehende todas os
obras, que deste insigne autor se acharSo impres-
sas, 4" manuscritas. Com o Index dos nomes pro-
prios. Offerecidas a D, Francisco de Sousa
Capitad da Guarda do Principe N, S. per An-
tonio Craesbeeck d'Mello Impressor da Casa
Real. Anno 1669, Aito. Lisboa. Com as li-
cenpas necessarias E privtlegto Real.
With the above titlei and with tbo§e withdrawn,
which are before ^ven in the editions of parts of
the Rimas published separately in 1666, 1668, and
1669, the works of Camoena of this date, 1669,
generally appear in libraries.
On the second leaf is the dedication to D. Fran-
cbco de Sousa, dated 6th Norember, 669 ; on the
other side of which are the licences, nearly all of
which are dated eariy in 166S.
z 2
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
S40 EDITIONS OF THE
The third leaf connDences with a Yery short U(e
of CamoenB, which ii closed by the sonnet of Ber-
nardes.
Immediately preceding the Luaiad, which occu-
pies S76 paget, is a grant from the Prince Regent,
dated Lisbon, 23rd October, 1669, to Craetbeeck
d'Mello, to print for ten years " Obras de Camoes,
Lowadas, 8c Rinuu com seus acrescentamentoi."
Tie index, containing 78 pages, is at the end of
this volume.
It is remarkable, that in this edition, the for-
tieth stanza of Canto VII, is twiee printed.
Copies of this edition of the Lusiad, either
sq>amte or attached to the volumes above-
mentioned, ore in the possession of Mr Heber,
and of the author of these memoirs; and are in
the British Museum, and in Trinity Collie
Library, Cambridge. The copy in the British
Museum belonged to Sir Paul Methiien.
Lmiadas — 1670. \6mo.
Rimas 1670. 16>no.
Editions of this date are mentioned by Ma-
chado.
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
TORKS OF CAMOENS.
Mimas Varias delMU de Camoens Principe de
los Poetas Hermfcos, y I^/ricos de E^ana. OJre-
cidas al muy Hustre Senor D. Juan da St/lva
Marquex de Goaoea, Presidente del Dezem-
bargo dH Pafo, y Mayordomo Mayor de la
Casa Real, Sfc. Commentadas -por Manuel de Fa-
ria, y Sousa, CaxiaUero de la Orden de Ckristo.
Tomo I. y. II. Qjae contienen la primera, se-
gundoy y tercera Centuria de lot Sonetos. Lis-
boa, con ja-ivilegio Real. £n la imprenta de
Theotonio Damaso de Mello, Impressor de la
Casa Real. Con iodas las licendas neeessanas.
Ano de 1685. Fi^o.
Immediately after the tide is the dedication to
to D. loam da Sylva, Sec &c. which commenceB
" Esta he a primeira vez, que Baem a liu as Rimas
" do Grande Luia de Camoens, illustradas por Ma-
" noel de Faria e Sousa, escritores ambos de tao
" esdarecida fama, que Ihe bastao por panegincos,
" as repetidas vozes do univeTsal applauao." It ia
dated LisboD, March Ittfa, 1685, and signed ** Theo-
" tanio Damaso de Mello."
z 3
D,o,i..ci by Google
342 EDITIONS or thb
To this follow " approvafam" dated IStb MArchi
I685> aigned Trey Maooet de Santo Atanasio; the
licences from the holy office, &c, dated 2nd June,
679, 28th July, 1679, and 7th August, 6791, in
Mme of which the work is said to be in eight vo-
lumes; " Advertencias para que se lean con todo
*' luz estos cotnmentarioB," being notices of abbre-
viations, Sec. &c
The " prolc^" succeeds to tfae other prelimi-
nary matter, and is the performance of Faria e
Sousa. In it he states, that, during his researches
to illustrate the Lusiad, he had met with much
which would have been useful for the present work;
as hia views, however, were then solely confined to
the larger poem, he for a considerable time pursued
bis labours accordingly ; but afterwards undertocJc
to comment also on the Rimas. The principal part
of this prologue is taken up with a detail of the
requiHte qualifications of a Commentator. Faria e
Sousa then proceeds to point out such additions to
the collection of the Himsa as he had made. Of
these there were above 160 Sonnets, besides the
new arrangement of SO others, the text of whidi
was so vitiated in the edition called the " S^uada
" parte," as to require this correctioD. The Can-
9oeDS were before 10, and then 15 ; the Elegies 5,
and then 12 ; the Outavas 3, and then 7, aod the
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
WORKS OF CAMOEirS. 343
^eventb alone being looger than the first three ; the
Eclogues were 8, and then 16. Thus, in some
cases, being more than double, and in others Bear-
iy so. In the smaller deiGriptioQi of poetry the
additions were not so considerable, but were at
some account. The Redondilhas were before 14^
and were then 96 ; the Esparsaa were 9, and then
17; the GloSBs were 18, and then 27; the Voltaa
were 68, and then 82 ; making in the whole an
addition cf nearly two famidred poems.
Tbe prologue is divided into twenty^one chapters
or Bumbert, and is followed by a second life of Ca-
moens, in forty divisiiHiBi wherein many alteradons
from (hat given with the Commentaries on the Lu-
siad occur.
At the end of the life is the " Juizio destaa
" Rimae," in twenty-three divisinns. In the com-
BseHcement of this part of- the work, it is stated,
how seldom a genius, however haf^y it may be, is
found, which is equally great in various undertak-
ing ; and which succeeds in any other department
than that for which it appears formed. A long list of
poets is given to prove this asserUon, who, although
they adventured in many descriptions of poetry, are
only considered illustrious for their success in one.
Nor is this remark confined to poets ; it is said to
have reference to distinguished orators, historians,
z 4
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
344 EDITIONS OF THE
and other writeTS, whose celebri^ in one species of
compoiitioD, and failure in others, sre parUcular-
ised. CamoeDi was happy in every department be
undertook, and is described as possessing a genius
of so extraordinary a description, that in whatever
kind of poetry he attempted to write, he succeeded.
The poets of Italy and Spain, who composed " Ri-
'* mas Variai," are referred to, the names of some
of the most distinguished are given, the repeated ■
printing of their works is mentioned, and that they
will cmtinue to be printed is asserted. With re-
spect to Camoens, however, it was to be observed,
that he composed his Rimas in the Portuguese
language, then little known ; and that, during the
first forty-five years, more thsji twen^-two thou-
sand co[Hes, being an edition in every three years
on an average, had been distributed; and yet
the ancient edirions were so scarce as only to be
obtained with great difSculty. Books of little in-
trinsic value, it is remarked, may have a short c^
reer, and then expire; but those of worth, the older
they grow, the oftener they are renewed ; and this
is the case with the Rimas of Camoens, Petrarch,
Gaurino, and Garcilasso. The descriptions of po-
etry in which Camoens composed, are next enu-
merated, and Faria states, that he has sufficiently
written upon them at the commencement of hu
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
WORKS OF CAH0EN8. 345
Commentaries on the works themselves. He com-
jriiments Sutrupits for baving been the first to give
his opioioa respecting the Bimas of the Portuguese
bard, and for having so ably executed his task.
The prologue closes with an account of the poets*
and others, who have eulogized CamoeDs in their
writings.
The remarks mentioned in the prologue are now
given for the first three volumes which twntoin the
Sonnets, Songs, Odes, Elegies and Oitavas, and
Ecl<^ues. In this discourse, the beauty of the son-
net, and the authors who have excelled in that spe-
des of composition, are noticed. The sonnets are
described as three centuries, and with them the
first part of the work, containing vol. I. and II, ends.
Hie second portion begins with a new tide-page.
Biimas Farias de Ijois de Camoens, Principe
de los Poetas Herqycos, y Lapncoi de Espana.
Ofrecidas al vmj Uustre Senor Garcia de
Melo, Montero Mor del Reyno, Presidente del
Dezembargo del Pofo, Sgc. CoTnmentadat por
Manuel de Faria, y Soma, CavaUero de la
orden de Christo. Tomo III. IF. y F. Segunda
parte. El Tom. III. Contiene Las Canciones,
D,o,i..ci by Google
346 tDlTIONS OF THE
las Odas, y las Sestinas. £1 Tom. IV. Las
£legkis. If las Otavas. El Tom. V. las primeras
ocho JSglogas. Lisboa. Con todas-las Licencias
■necessarias. En la Imprenta Craesbeeckiana.
Ano M.D.C.LXXXIX. Conpnvilegio Real.
The dedication is signed " Ignacia Maria de Car-
" vatho," and ia dated Lisbon, 1st October, 1688.
After the usual licences, the commeDtaries follow,
each descriptioii of poetry being preceded by a
short dissertation.
The Commentaries on the Rimas did not
appear at all until 1685, being thirty-six years
after the death of Faria e Sousa. At this time,
only two volumes out of the eight were pub-
lished, and an interval of four years took place
between tJiat publication and the printing of
the second portion, which contained the three
succeeding volumes. If we are at a loss to
account for this continuance of the second part
so long in MS. we are more so with respect to
the remainder of the work, which, even until
this time, is preserved in a similar state. Ma-
chado, in his account of the unpublished works
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
WORKS OF CAMOEM8. ^47
.of Faria e Soma, thus iuenti<His them : — ** Va-
" rias RiiDsa de Luis de Camoens comment»-
** dae. Tomo. VI. contiene octo Eglt^ss ha-
*' ladas de neuvo. Rimas VariaK, Tomo VII.
*' contiene todos ios versos menores." And as
the contents of the ei^t volume " Comedias,
** e Prozas del mismo Poeta commentadas."
That it was the intention of Faria e Sousa,
and the editor of his first two volumes, that the
whole should be published, is obvious, from
the licence being obtained for eight volumes.
Some difficulty must have occurred to prevent
the speedy publication, even of the first por-
tion, as the licence bears date IG'79, and the
▼olumewas not sent from the press until 1785.*
The following bibliographical notices have
been found respecting this work : —
■ Cartel Feireira eutei the deMh of Faria e Soiua n the
cause of the remainder of the CwmnenUries not bdng puh>
IJEhed. Not id; pan waa publiahed during the life of Faria,
and aa the other Tolume* eiiit in MS. the idea of FeireiFa
must be erroneoua. He give* a wrong date for the time
of the death of Faria e Saute. EditioD of IT31— 2. p. 3B.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
S48 BDITtOHS OP THE
I (Loiade) Rimaa Varus. LUboa, 1686.
S Tom. fol. vend jiuqd 4a fr. eo 17£4. Mais
moins cber depuis. — Bnmet Man. du Lib. Tom,
1, p. 207
■ TBDd 40 liv. chez M. de CouTsy. — Did.
Bib.par Dti Clot. Tom. I. p. 231.
Rimas Variaa de Luis de CaraoeDs. Lidxta, 1689.
2 Tok. in foL rares et se vendent 36 £ 40 I. —
Oimont Diet. Typogr. Tom. I. p. 168.
90 i^Fournier Nom. Diet. Port, de BtbL
Copies of this edition are in the libraries of
Mr Heber and Mr Gooden, and in the collec-
tion of books, relating to Camoens, of the author
of these memoirs.
Obras do Grande Lads de Camoes, Principe dos
Poetas Hermfcos, if Lapicos de Hespanha, novO'
mente dados a luz com os sens Lustadas commen-
tados pelo LecetKtado Manoel Correa Examina-
dor sinodal do arcebispado de Lisboa, ^ cttra dxt
Igreja de S. Sebastiad da Mouraria, 4* natttral
da cidade de Elvas, com os ArgumetUos do Le~
cenciado loam Franco Barreto. E agora nesta
„i..cihyGooj^le
WORKS OF CAMOENB. 3i9
i^htialmfpressad correela, ^ accrescentada com a
ma vida escrita Par Mattoel de Faria Severim,
offerecido ao SeiAor Antonio de Basto Pereyraf
do Conselho de el Rey Nosso Senhor, e do de sua
Real Faxenda, sea seeretario e Juix da In-
confidencioy 4* das Justijlcafdes, e seeretario da
Augvslissima Raynha Notsa Senkora, vedor _de
sua Fazenda, e Estado, Ckancelor mbr da sua
Caza, ^ da da stjpplicapaS, Prezidente da Con-
eeUio da dita Senhora, S^ dignissimo Regedor das
justifas, S[c.
Lisboa occidental,
Na t^cina de Joseph Lopes Ferreyra, Impressor
da Serenissima Rayna nossa Senkora,
8f h sua casta.
M.DCC.XX.
Com todas as licenfos n
On the firat leaf is the address of tiie printer to
Pereyra, wherein he aays, that, imder hie protec-
tion as a MsoenaB, the world will tee repaired the
injury, which Camoens complained of as having suf'
fered from the neglect of those who were about the
person of the King Sebastian, to whom he bad dedi-
cated bis poem.
D,o,l..ci by Google
SSO EDITIOHB OF THE
On the follatring p^e ii the prologue to Qie
reader. In thii the editor stBtes, that, obeerving
the great demand for the works of the poet, and the
inefficiency of the supply to answer such demand, he
determined to render a service to his country and
to his friends, who were very d^annii
barking in the undertaking, by collei
works of Camoens, and printing them n
mentery on the Lusiad of Manoei Corn
most &ithful and true Commentator,
bis Iriend and cotemporary, and one n
had frequent intercourse. He says, he I
theLifeof Camoens, written byMaooe
Faria, because, not on account of its 1
only, but also tor its historical truth,
would be most sftisfactory to the ci
prints his work in folio, without consideration as to
the expence, and from a desire of adorning Nbranes
by BO superior a volume. Tlie book is illustrated,
he continues, with a full-length portrait of Camoens,
taken from nature, and not before seen. On the
other side of this teaf are the several licences, dated
in May, 1715, and in June, 1720.
The portrait is followed by tlie life, occupying '
twenty-four unnumbered pages. Os Lusiadas witfa '
Correa's Commentary then commence, and with
them the paging of the volume, running to the end
hy Google
nor .«jhy Google
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
WORKS OF CAMOEKS. 351
<rf*the Lusiad 312 pages. The " Rimas do Grande
" Luis de CamSes, primeira parte," succeed with a
new paging, and contain 302 Sonnets,* and the
poem on the Creation and Composition of Man.
The " Segunda parte" conttuns 16 Can^oes; 12
Odes; 4 Sextinas; 21 Elegias; 7 Octavas; and 8
Eclogues. The " Terceira parte" contains Terce-
tos to Sebastian ; Cartas and Redondilhas ; and the
two Comedies. The Rimas occupy 251 pages.
A copy of this edition, which is the first
containing all the works of Camoens, is in the
library of James Gooden, Esq, by whose per-
miseion the portr^t has been engraved.
Lusiada Poema Epico de Luis de Camoes
Principe dos Poetas de Espanha, Com os Ar^ir-
meittos de Joao Franco Barreito, Illustrado c<mt
varias, e Breves notas, e com hum precedente
apparato do que Ihe pertence, par Igtiacio Garcez
Ferreira entre os Arcades Gilmedo. A El-Rei
* In thU edition four of the Sonneta are repeMed. Sonnet
101 » Ihe tune ta S26~103 at SIT— 104 >8 318— aad 105
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
S52 EDtnoHS OP THE
D. load V. Nosso Senhor, Tomo I. Em Kapoles
na q^ina Parriniana MDCCXXXL Gnu
as Licenfos necessarias. Tamo II. Em Roma
na Officina de AtUonia Rossi MDCCXXXII.
Com as lAcetifos necessariat. ito.
Fronting the title-page to the first Tolmne is s
priot, designed and engraveil in 1728 by lo. Caro'
luB Allet, in which the head of Camoens is exhi*
bited within n circle, lupported by two female
figures, representing War and Poetry ; a figure of
Fame is nt the top sounding a trumpet, and in one
corner is a temple. Immediately below the drde
is a scroll with the words " in UTRtrNCiUE para-
" Tus ;" and at the bottom of the picture is part of
the globe iritb the following lines:
Funa Totuis cit*. Calliopes sc P&Uadis, arte,
JGtheris od Fanum to, Ladorice, Tehit.
In the portrait, which is evidently copied from
diat in tlie " Discursos Tarios" of Sererim de Paris,
Camoens is given blind of the wrong eye.
The dedication to the King bears date Naples,
21st December 17S0; and is followed by a list of
the authors who had been consulted for the work.
A licence, signed by Prandscus de Fonseca, S. 1.
D,o,i..ci by Google
WOKKS OF CAHOENfl. SSS
and dated 30tb Jane 1 728, succeeds, and to this
" Imprimatur extra Urbem Servatis Servandig. Fr.
" lo. Benedictus Zuanelli Ord. Fned. Sacri Palsta
" Apostolic. Mag."
At page 1 commences " Apparato Preliminar a
" Lusiada de Luis de Catnoes, em que se expoem,
« quanto pertence i candi^ao do Poets, e ft cali-
" dade e particularidadeB do Poema," consifting of
an IntroductioQ — Lifro I. Capitulo I. Compendio
da Vidn de Catnoes. — Cap. 11. Alguut tentimtmhot de
celebres Lettrado$ tobre o Caratler de engenho do
Camois. — Cap. III. Farias Slagiot de iitsignes Po-
etas em Imtvor do nosto, e das suas obroi. — Cap. IV.
Catalogo dot obras de Luis de Camois ; e de algu-
■mas pnndpaei Edi^oes delias, — Cap. V. Divertat
Tradncfoes da Lusiada, tanto impressas, quatUo
manuserittasj-~-Ca.'p. VI. Expositores da Lusiada,
e Juizo dos seas Comentos. — Livro II. Cap. I. e VII.
Do Poema Epico, do seo Argamenio, e das tuas
partes em eomum Cap. II. & VIII. Da Acgao '
Heroica, e suas propriedades, observadas na Lu-
Wfu^ii.— Cap. III. A IX. Da Fabtiia Epica, primeira
parte de CaUdade do Poema, e das mas proprieda-
des, examiitadas na Lusiada. — Cap. IV. & X. Dos
Costumes, legunda parte de CaUdade do Poema
Epico : e do modo, com que Camoes a manejou em
ordem ao seo Heroe — Cap. V. & XI. Da SetrienfO,
VOL. JI. 2 A
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
S54 EDITIONS OF TUB
Urceira Parte de CaUdade do Poema Epico i e do
Kfo ddla nede do Camoii. — C^. VL & XII. De
J>icfao,quarla,etdtima Parte de CaUdade do Poetna
Epico J e dat mat condi^oet, conuderadai no da
Zutiada. — Cap. VII. & XIII. Dat duas Partes de
QfUtntidade do Poema Epico ent comwni e do excet-
to no aumero dellai, que te acha na Lutiada. — C^
VIII. & XIV. Da pToposigao do Poerna Epico, hu-
ma dat parte* da tio Exordia ; e dot defeitoa obter-
vadot na da Lutiada, — Cap. IX, and XV. Da
Invocttfao ouira parte do Exordia : e de cowto na
dette Poema te confeve o teo Autor. — Cap. X- &
XVI. Da Narrafao, outra Parte de Quantidade do
Poema Epico : t da tua divitao material i e em fue
modo etta te acha na Lutiada. — LIvro III. Expoaa
ao Calidadet accidentaet da Lutiada. — C^. I^ &
XVII. Do Titido do Poema Epico ; e do que degeo
Camoes para o teo poema; e impropriedadeg deOe,
—Cap. II. & XVIII. Do verso do Poema Epico nf\
Uta, tanto dot Poetas Gregot e Latinos, quanio dot
Vidgaret ; e de qual elegeo o aosto para o teo
Poema; e de algutaas obtenafoies tobre a materia.
— Cap. III. & XIX, Do Idioma conveniente ao
Poema Epico, e daquelie, em que o Camoet compOK
a sua Lutiada. — Cap. IV. & XX. Da ABegoria
Univerial do Poema Epico ,* e das Parlicuiaret .' e
das condifoet, que dew ter toda a torte de AUegoria,
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
WORKS OF CAM0EN8. SBS
fxaminqdat na da Lutiada.— Cap. V. Sc XXI. De
outrat aOegorias Parlicularet da Lutiada na opiniao
do seu Comeniador, que »e reprova. — Cap. VI. St
XXII. Da opiniao mait veriiimil, ou menot inconi'
petente sobre o tuo dot nomet datjahai Dtvinidades
GenteUcoi, introdtaadas nette Poema .- e da cnuurs
no modo, e circumstandai da introducgao deltas.
A map is here ioserted, which hat the title " Car-
" retra da India no >eo descobrimento por Vs§co da
" Gama no anno de 14-97."
Lrrro IV. then commences. Cap. I. e XXIII. Do
Argumento Historico, ou nua acgad da Liisiada, —
Cap. n. e XXIV. Do Artificio Poetico, ou acgaofabu-
ioia da Lutiada. — Cap. III. e XXV. Da Economia
dette Poema, e sua critica. — Cap. IV. e XXVI. Dot
exemplares, gue Camoet itmtou nafihrica da Fabula
do seo Poema, e nas especies particularet do adomo
deUa. An index foUovB, and the poem commences
J»ttt p. 137. " Lusiada Poema Epico de Luu de
" CaiDoea, Princepe dos poetas de E^Moha, com
" OS argumentos de Joao Franco Baireto, lUustrado
*■ com varias, e breves notas, por ^nacao Garcez
" Ferreira."
Dom Joze Maria de Souza censures Ignacio
Garcez Ferreira for having altered and vitiated
D,o,l..ci by Google
SS6 EDITIONS or THE
the tact of the poem ; and for his illiberal and
imjnst attacks upon the pretensions and merit
of Camoens. The notes are not esteemed of
any worth.
Copies of this edition are in the possession
of Dom Joze Maria de Souza, and of the
Author of these memoirs.
Lusiadas. Lisboa — 1749.
An Edition of thie date is stated by Clarke,
in his Progress of Maritime Discovery, to have
been in the library of the late Dr J. Warton.
Obras de Luis de Camoens. Nova Edifod.
Paris a custa de Pedro Gendron. Vendese et^
Lisboa, Em casa de Bonardel ij- Dubeux, Mer~
cadoresdeLivros. M.DCC.LIX. STom. ISww.
Preceding the title is die portrait of Camoeni
within a circle, beneath which is the following in-
scripuon : —
" MtJSIS BT PoSTBRlTATI. S. LoDOVICO UK Ca-
" MoiG, Bquiti Lusitanoi Poets celeberrimo, Mu-
D,o,l..ci by Google
W0BK8 OF CAHOENS. 3S7
■* aaiam ddidis Gratiarum Alumoo humBnarum
" literarutn Encyclopedlco, nee oon annate Pal^
" dis egr^io sectatori : la quo f^lidaiimuni Inge-
" niuin et adverga Fortuna decertanmt : Gaspax
" Severinuh de Faris veram effigiam enea Ttbulft
** iocisam ut qui erbem jam Fama occupant, pre-
" sentia exornet. D. D. Q."
The work, m dedicated by Gendron to the most
- IlliutnouB and Reverend Senhor P. Da Go«ta de
Almeida Salemat a Prelate and Counsellor of the
King, a Fidalgo of the Household, and the Iffinister
at the Court of France. The dedication ia followed
by an address to the reader, wherein, after some
remarks on the Lusiai, the Editor sets forth the
editions of the works of Camoens, which lie had
consulted and determined to follow. They are &om
of 1666, 1669, 1668, and in some cases the order
of the poems has been altered. He says he could
not obtain a copy of the edition of 1572. He has
printed tbe sonnets which lie found in these edi-
tioni, and also 76 others wliich were printed in that
of 1720, making in all 315 (S14). Some of the
works attributed to Camoens, the Ai^umenls and
Index of Barreto, the Life of the Poet, and the
Historical Argument from Gar9ez Ferreira's edi-
tion, a geographical map of the discoveries of the
Portuguese, a hatd of Vasco de Gama, and engrav-
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le ,
358 EDITIONS OF THE
ingB irtiidi repreient the subject in each CaDto of
the poem, are also given. He then says, that with-
out boast, the character he has used in the printing
are equal to those of Elzivir, or of the Glasgow
press ; that few errors will be found ; and that the
texture of the paper will meet with apptobatioii.
These volumes are very neatly printed ; they
were executed at the office of Franc. Ambros.
Didot, as appears at the end of the address to
the reader. Aquino, the editor of the edition
of 1779 — 80, writes, that Gendron is guilty of
great negligence, in having given 314 sonnets ;
and accounts for the niunber being swelled be-
yond the usual bounds by frequent repetitions
in the printing, there being only 301 sonnets
known as the compositions of Camoens.
Obras de Luis de Camoens, Paris, Didot. 1759.
3 Tom. in 12mo. vend 30 liv. (bel exemplaire
eo Mar. rouge) Chez M. le Mari6 ; mais ordinaire-
ment 124 15— Diet. BiU. Paris, 1790, p. 283.
jolie edition, peu commune 18 & 21 fr;
vend 30 fir. m. r. le Mari^ — & 22 fr. br. Peinier.
—Brunet Man. du Lib. p. 207. Tom. I.
20 \br.-~Foumier, Novo. Diet. Pot. de Bibti
D,o,i..ci by Google
-WOBKS OF CMII0EN8. 359
Cc^es of this edition, which is rather rare
Ifaan otherwise, are in the libraries of Lord
Holland, Mr H^>er, and the Author of these
memoirs.
Obras de Imiz de Camoens Principe dta Poetas
Portuguezes. Novamente reimpressas, e dedica-
das ao lUust,"" e ExcelJ^ Senkor Marguez de
Pombal Conde de Oe^as, Ministro Secretario
de Esiado, e do Conselho de sua Magestade 4^.
^. ^c. Par Miguel Rodrigues. Lisboa na qffi-
cina de Miguel Sodrigues, Jmpressor do Emineni,
Card. Patriarca. M.DCC.LXXII. ComLicenfa
da Real Meza Censoria. Vendemse em casa do
mesmo Miguel Rodrigues. S Tom, 1 2mo.
Rodrigues, in the title-page to the first volume,
states, that he had added as man^ compositions as
were supposed to belong to this great poet ; that he
had t^en care that the work should appear as cor-
rect as possible ; and that the volumes should be
adapted and convenient for the perusal of all. After
the dedication, is the life of the poet, follovred by
" Argumento Historico dos Lusiadas." The Ar-
guments and Index of Barreto appear wi^ the
2 A 4
D,o,l..ci by Google
360 EDITIONS OP THE
Louwli and the first rolume contains the portraits
of Cvnoens and Gama ; a map of the route to In-
dia ; and several rude engravings, all of which are
copies tram the prints in the last article.
Aquino greatly condenms Bodrigues for the
manner in which he sent this edition &om the
press, wherein he observes, there are as mai^
errors as words, " onde sad tantoa os erros, como
*< as palavras." Rodrigues makes the number
of sonnets S14, and Aquino ccHivicts him of
having printed several of them twice over.
A copy of this edition is in the collection of
books relating to Camoens, in the possession of
tlie Author (^ these memoirs.
Obras d£ Luis de Camoes, Principe dos Poetat
de Hespanka. Nova Edifoo, a mats compteia
e emendada de quantas se tern feito ati o pre-
sente. Tudo par diligencia e industria de lAiis
Francisco Xavier Coelko. Lisboa na officina
Lmsiana. Anno CIDlOCCLXXlX. Com U-
cenfa da Real Mesa Censoria. * Tom. Svo.
A small engraving of a ship, with a motto ** It
D,o,i..ci by Google
WOBK8 OT CAMOENB. 361
" PlLAOo coNFiaA DBo" IS in the title-pages ; and
a head of CamoenB U the 001; other embelli^ment
la these volumea.
The firet volume commences with a " Discurso
" preliminar, apologetioo, e critico, sohre a pre-
** Bente Edi^ao," which occupies fifty-six pages.
In this the editor begiDS by stating the nature of
•the work, which was then nndertskea ; gives a short
account of some of the editions that had appeared;
and blames the editors of most of them for the neg-
ligence with which they had allowed so many errors
to be published in their works. He accuses them
of looking only to their own interest, and not to the
honour of the poet, or of their country. Of all the
Editions, he has preferred that of Faria e Sousa,
&r which choice several reasons are adduced. He
proceeds to exculpate the poet from the accu&ationa
<rf Voltaire, and pointing out his gross mis-statements
and ignorance of his subject, he opposes to them
the many expressions of admiration of the genius
md talents of Camoens which are to be found in
various works. Some account of the defenders of
Camoens, and of the translatMS of the Lusiad fol-
lows, wherein the translation of Mickle* is particu-
* Mickle's trinGlation wsi published in 1776, and un that
account, vcr; likely to engage the attention of ihe editor dF a
new edition of the woHis i
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
S63 EDITIONS OF 1«E
lorly noticed, and the ducoane cloflea with an
epitome of the Lusiad.
A Bummary of tbe Life of Camoens is then given,
and the reader is referred for a more extensive
account of him to the memoirs by Sererim de Faria,
and Manoel de Faris e Sousa.
The Lusiad is acctwapaoied by the Arguments
and Index of Barreto, and occnpies tbe first volume. ■
The second volume, published in ^e same year,
contains the " Adveitencia do Editor;" part of .
the Rimas; and an Index to the same. In the
Advertencia, the editor says, tiiat in order that no>
thing may be franting that can enrich this edition ;
and that it may be accompanied by every thing
which can be at all interesting, give pleasure to
readerS) and afibrd instrut:tioD ; he prints the pro-
logue, written by the excelleat lawyer and poet,
Fernando Kodrigues Lobo SurrupitB, with vhich
some Rimaa of Camoens first appeared in 1595.
The third volume was published in tbe sane year
1779, and contuns a " Prolog©;" a further por-
tion of the Rimas ; and the two Letters of Camoens.
It is here observed, that to render his edition per-
fect, the editor had followed that of Faria e Sousa;
and that, as his Commentaries ended with the eighth
eclogue, application bad been made for tbe original
MSS. of Faria e Sousa, which were in the Royal
D,o,i..ci by Google
W0BK3 OF CAHOEHS. 363
Convent " de Noau Senhora da Gra;a de LiBboo,"
and 8ucb ai^lication bad been atteoded to by the
Ubrarian Fr, Vicente Barboaa. He was enabled, by
duB raeaUB, to extract cmpies of what remained in
MSS. and exults, that, at tbe end of two centuries,
he had been instrumental in bringing to light any
of the worlu of Camoens which had not before ap-
peared, and thereby had it in hi« power to print an
edition, more calculated than any which had pre-
ceded it, to add lustre to the memory of the poeL
After stating that Faria e Sousa frequently men-
tions that Camoens was tbe author of more than
dght eclogues, and that Bernardes had published
some of his compositions as his own ; he gives the
discourse prepared by Faria e Sousa to have pre-
ceeded the ninth eclogue, in case the remainder of
bis work had been published.
The fourth and last volume issued from the presi
in 1780, and contains a Preface; three Comedies;
" Obras Suppostas ou Atnbuadas," amongst which
is placed the poem on the Creation and Composition
of Man; and the Eclogue, called Cintra, wherein
Faria e Sousa relates the life, in verses extracted
frmn the poems of Camoens. In the preface, the
editor writes, that the work was intended to have
speared in three volumes, and says, that great
pains bad been taken to restore the proper punctua-
tion to the Comedy of Filodemo.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
364 EDITIDHS OF TBE
Dom Joze Maris de Soiua censures the edi-
tor for having thus followed the text of Faria
e SouM, in printing the Luaiad, instead of thai
of the edition of 1572, which was so much
more perfect and correct. He accuses him of
adopting all the alterations with which Faria e
Sousa had vitiated the text; and of not being
content with this, but of introducing his own in
two or three instances. If, he adds, future
editors shall continue this practice, we shall
soon have what Monten^ro projected, an edi-
tion, in whidi httle or nothing of the original
will be fband.
The editor was attacked, and a small volume
in defence of his work was afterwards published
with the fallowing title : — " Discurso critico em
" que se defende a edifod deo 1779. Lisboa,
" 178*."
Copies of this, and of the following editions,
' are not of rare occurrence.
Obras de Lms de Camoes, Principe Dos Poe-
tas de Hespanka, Segunda Edifao, da ^ue, na
qffieina Luisiarui, se Jex em Lisboa nos annos de
1779, e 1780. Lisboa. Na offic. de Simao
I^ddeo Ferreira. Anno MMCC.LXXXIZ.
D,o,i..ci by Google
WORKS OF CAMOER8. S65
Com licetifa da Real Meza Censoria. 4 Tom.
in 5. Sw.
The first volume is divided into two parU, and
the third and fourth volumes were printed id 178S>
We gather from the above titl&fage, that it wm
the second edition from the Liiisian prew ; and in
fact, with the exception of an address by " Thomas
" Joseph de Aquino, Presb. Sec. ao Leitor," and
some other additions, the present is a re^vint of tbe
last edition.
In this address Aquino acknowledges himself to
haye been the editor of the former edition, in whidt
he then thought he had given ever; information ;
KMue tilings, however, which were worthy to bp
known, had escaped him. wid he felt it indisprai-
cabty necessary in this second edition to communw
oate them to his readers. The first of these ii to .
■tale an emendation in stanza Ql of Canto IV. ai
to the dream of D. Manoel ; and to detail a contro-
versy, whether, according to the rules of Epic
poetry, a King should have a propitious dream on
his first going to bed, or at the dawn of the follow-
ing morning- Aquino shews that loao Franco fiar^
rato* discovered that an accent on one of the worda
alluded to in the controversy would answer the pur-
■ Onhographia Liibo* 1671, p. 207.
„i..cihyGgoj^le
'366 EDITIONS OF TH£
pofe, and by makiDg Manod'e dream to take place
at the dawn, rettore Camoeni in the t^hiion of
thoae rened in the rules of Epic poetry. It would
appear that this alleged fault was taken hold of by
the Licenciate Hanoel Pwe» d' Almeida, whow cen-
jurei on CamoeM were answered generally by BriU>,
but the diacorery which ^ould clear up the diffi-
Got^, was reseired for Barreto. Aquino proceeds
by making honourable mention of Luis Francisco
Xavier Coelhoi at whose office this edition and the
former one were printed; and of the types, ink, and
whole establishment. He then points out the way
in which a reader who wishes, divesting the poem
of its poetical machinery, to peruse the work in his-
torical order, should proceed. He ought, he says,
to begio at Canto IlII. Stanza 84, where the true
beginning of the undertaking and acljon com-
mences, and pursuing Canto V. unto Stanza Si, to
return to Canto I. Stanza 43, and taking the latter
half of it, to go on to the end of Canto II. then to
read Cantos VI. and VIL Canto VIII. compre-
hends the troubles and embarnusnients experienced
by Gama in Calicut. Cantos IX. and X. treat of
the return to Portugal. He does not, he says,
mention the first 18 stanzas, because they are taken
up with the Exordium, Invocation, Sec.
Several pages are now occupied in enlarging
D,o,l..ci by Google
WORKS OF CAHOES8. S67
upoQ remarks which were contained m the *< Dis-
" curso" to the former edition ; and these are suc-
ceeded by a complete aaalysis of the English trans-
lation of the Lusiad by Micl(le> which he had
shortly noticed, he says, in that " Discurso."
The other additions consist in arguments in
prose to each Canto, and in an " Advertencia
" acerca das Comedias," of which I have avaiU
ed myself in the account of them.
Lttsiadas de Luis de Camoens. Coimbra ma
Imprensa da Universidade. 1800. 9 Tom.
ISjno. Com licetipa da mesa do Desembargo
The contents are thus summed up by the editor :
" Cootem eetes duos volumes o Foema de Camo-
" ens ; os Argumentoa e Index de loao Franco
" Barreto; hum Compendio da Vlda do Poeta;
" hum Argumento historico da Lusiada ; (.extrahio-
" se a vida e argumento da Edi^ao de Ignacio
" Garcez Ferreira, no apparato & Lusiada) e as
" Estanciaa e Li^oens achadas por Manuel de Faria
« y Sousa em duos di^rentes manuscritos. Acre^.
" scentamos-lhe algumoa Li^oens mais, que acha-
" mos nas diSerentes Edifoens, que consultamos
" para a correcgad desta."
D,o,i..cihyGooj^le
S6S EDITIONS OF THE
TMb little edition has a head of Camoens to
fiice the title-page of Tol. I. ; and a view of C»-
iQoens escaping from shipwreck precedes the
title to the second volume.
latsiadas de Luis de Camoens. Lidwa .- Na
"I^pografia Lacerdina ; 1 805. Com Licettfa da
Meza do Desembargo do Pafo. 2 Tom. 16mtK
This edition appears to be a re-print of the
last, but is larger, and has several rude plates
placed at the commencement of the Cantos.
Obras do Grande IaUs de Camoes^ principe
dos Poetas de Hespanha. Terceira EdipaS, da
que na i^Hcina Zmsiana, se fex em Lisboa nos
annos de 1779, e 1780. S Tom. Paris, na
offUina de P. Didot Senior. E ackase em
Lisboa, ^t Casa de Viuva Bertraitd e Filhos.
M.DCCCXV. I2nw.
The titles to th^e volumes inform the reader
that they contain the third edition of the
D,o,i..ci by Google
V08K8 or CAMOBHB. 369
works of Camoens, as published at Lisbon in
1779 — 80; and, on comparing the contents,
they are found to correspond. There are in
this edition, portraits of Camoens and Guns ;
a map of the route to India ; and sereral en-
gravings, prindpall; copied from those in the
edition of Mickle's translation of the Lusiad,
published in S vols. Sro. London, 1807.
Oi iMiiadat, Poema Epico de Ims de Ca-
mdes. Nova Edifao correcta, e dada & Im, Pdr
Dom Joze Maria de Souza-Btdetho, Morgado
de Matteta, Socio da Academia Real das Sctett'
das de LiAaa. Paris, na officijta T^/pographtca
de Pirmin Didott Impressor do Bet, e do Insti-
Me. M.D.CCC.XFII. *to.
FrentiDg the title is a fine portrait of CamDens
witliiD a rich border, in the compartments of which
are picturei emblemalJcal of the subject. In die
ezecuti(Hi of this engraring, as in every department
connected with this magnificent ondertaking, no
expence or trouble appear to have been spared to
render it an eminent tribute to the memory of the
post. We find, therefiire, the following names
VOL. II. S B
D,o,l..ci by Google
970 EBITKHtS OF THE
attached to this print ; — " F. Gerard t)el. E&i. ;
" L. llicaiiti Del. Plateum ; F. Lignon Sculpt. ;
" Durand Imprimio as Estampas."
The dedication to the king follows the title-page :
" A £1 Rei, Senhor, Depoia da honra que tive de
" serrir a Vosn Magestade por muitoe snnos nao
" podia receber antra alguma que mais estimaase
" do que a gra^ que me concedeo de pfir debuxo
" doa auepicioB de Vossa Magestade eeta oora edi-
" 9ao de hum poema, monumento da gloria nari-
" onal, pois nelle sad cantados o» heroicm fettoa
" do* Senhorea Reia Sens augustos Av6s, e oa doa
** TasaalloB exceltentea, que eates grandea Soberanos
" conduzlram comsigo 4 immort^idade.
" Digne-ae Voaaa Mageatade acceitar oa pnros
" votoa que faz, e ihe ofierece, pelas Suaa proaperi-
" dades, da Real Familia, e do Seu Reinado, Sen-
" hor, De Voaaa Mageatade o maia humtlde criado
" e leal vassallo D. Jozk Maria se Souza-Bo-
" TEL HO."
The dedicadon is succeeded by an " Adrerten-
" cia" of 48 pagea, dated Paris, S^ttanber, 1816)
wherein is given an account of the design of the
work, and of the editions of the Luuad which had
^>peared. To this " Advertenda" there are notes
in further explanation of theaubjecta treated iqwn
in it. Dom Joze statee, that his princ^ud care-had
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
WORKS OF CAMOENS. 371
been to give the text as printed under the eye of
Camoens; and that, therefore, he bad examined his
proofs with the edition of 1572, and tmlj attended
to amend any errors of the press. He regrets, that
from the faults of editors, and the laritj of the ori-
ginal editions, the readers of Camoens have been
under the necessity of perusing hit works through
vitiated copies.
Amongst other things which this illustrious Editor
mentions he had done to render his edition perfect,
he says he had deemed it right to exdmde the
Ai^uments of loao Franco Barreto, because he
could not approve of their introduction into so pre-
eminent a work ; and also to omit his Index of pro-
per names, because he found it erroneous ; and also
because his edition was not intended for those to
whom such explanations wonld be of use.
He then states, that in consequence of the man-
ner in which preceding editors bad given the life of
Camoens, he felt himself called upon to write a
memoir of him, wherein his superior qualities and
noble character should be properly represented.
To make the edition also worthy of the poet, he
had procured the assistance of M. Didot, hoping
that by their joiut attention, not a single typogra-
phical error should be found in the volume.* He
■ An eiTorwM afterwards disctnered in aome of tbe ctqdci.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
972 EDtnOMB Of TBE
bad fiiithn Kcured the aid of M. Genrd, a mem-
ber of the Infdtute, and a cetdirated puntert to
■uperinteiid the deaigning and eDgrariiig of the em-
belliibments ; and he writeS) that M. Gerard had
entered upon the office with the moit dJrinterested
seal, and had himielf undertaken the portrait <A
Camoena. The " Advertenda" ii doeed by a de-
claration, that the moat ardent patriotum, and hk
admiratiaa for Camoens, were the only inducementa
for undertaking the edition. Retired fVom pubUe
a&ira, from the lernce of his lorereign, arrived at
die autumn of hii life, wid with his health impaired,
be imagined that he could not perform a lervice
more gratefn! to bi> country, than to give.a good
edition of that poem which was the greatest orna-
ment of her DBtional ^ry. He hopes, therefore,
that hii country will receive courteously this last
proof of the love which he always professed, and
ever will profess for her; having it in his pown
consdentiousty to exclaim at the dose of life,
" Prtedara conscientia sustentor, cum cogito me
" de Patkia aut bene meniiaie. com potuertm;
ciuwd by one of the iMten io Iba word XM&OBa bw^
ipn mi^liced during ths wraliiig of oiw of the Jiata. Dom
Jon hu had tliu leaf reprinted, and, has sent copie* t>f it l«
ttn wrenl libraries Hheran hii voik was deponted.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
373
" ftut catti nuDquam nisi diviad cogitHMe." — €*•
tero ad Attic.
At the end of the " AdrertenciB" is a Atll-lengdi
print of Camoeoa, eagraved by Forasell, under the
iospectiaD of Gerard ; and A'om the design of De-
aenae. In this engraving, the poet is standing with
a pencil in one hand, and the Lusiad in the other ;
hb Birord, hat, and some other books are at hii feet.
The life occupies from page 60 to page ISO; ar
new pa^ng then begins, where the poem commen-
ces, which ends with page 375. Following the
poem, are " Notas da Advertencia" and to the life.
There are several other engravings, which are
executed by Massard, Oortman, Henri Laurent,
F. Lignon, Bovinet, Pigeot, Tosclu, Forster, and
Sichomme, under the inspecdon of Gerard, and
from the dewgns of Desenne and Fragonard.
No mentioo liad be^i made by any aiith<»-
of the existence of two editions of the Lusisd,
published in 157S, until the appearance of the
posthumous work on the Rimas, by Manoel de
Faria e Sousa, in 1685 ; nor after the trifling
notice of it given in that publication, had any
<»ie undertaken to collate them, to characterize
them, or to state thor various readings. On
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
57* EDITIONS OF THE
the contrary, many were of opinion thst only one
bad issued from tlie press in that year, and that
the differences observed in various copies arose
from emendations and alterations of the type
in the course of printing the impression. The
edition of Dom Joze Maria de Souza complete-
ly decides the question. In it bibliographical
notices of them may be seen ; various readings
and diflerent orthography in such parts as he
had had an opportunity to exatmue, are point-
ed out ; and the priority as to the date of their
publication satisfactorily cleared up. It is also
shewn by it, that since 1584 up to the present
day, all the editors have, according to their re-
spective pleasures, corrupted the original text.
Having ascertained to his own satisfection,
whidi of the two was the Editio Princeps, and
consequently printed from the MS. of Camo-
ens, Dom Joze determined to follow it; and
by that measure to restore the text. His chief
aim appears to have been to remedy the dis-
advantage arising from the rarity of copies of
the first edition, by restoring the text to its
origin^ purity; and to ^Ve the poem as Ca-
moens himself wished it should be sait into
D,o,i..ci by Google
VOBKS OF CAHOEKS; S75
the world. Tlie principal merit of the edition
under consideration conBists in this restoration;
and because its editor destined it for a species
of monument to the honour of the Portuguese
bard, he has spared no expence in its embel-
lishments and exeeutiffli. The impression con-
sisted of 200 copies, which, with a miuufi- •
cence seldfMn, if erer, equalled, have been pro-
sented to the principal libraries in Prntugal,
Brazil, England, France, Italy, the kingdoms
of the North, Germany, North America, and
India. A few were reserved for the editor's
particular friends, and one copy was taken off
on vellum, in which tjie <»iginid designs have
been inserted, and which it is hoped will de-
scend down in his &mily, as a noble mark of
the attachment of their ancestor to his countiy,
Mid to Camoens.
This account of the editions was nearly
printed, when the author received from Paris
an octavo edition, which M. Didot has printed
by the permission of Dom Joze Maria de Sou-
za, with the following title, " Os Ijusiadas,
" Poema Epico de lAtis de Camoes. Nbva-
" Edifao correcta, e dada h luz, con/ortne &
S B 4
D,o,i..ci by Google
376 EPITIONB OF TH&
" de 1817, in 4ito. par Dom Joze Maria de
" Soma^Botelho, Mor^ador de Matteus, Socio
" da Academia Seal dai Scitndas de Lishoa.
** Parist na t^Uina T^fx^raphiaa de Firmiita
'* Didott Imprestor do Ret, e do InstittOo.
M.DCCCXIX." In diis edition, in whidi
(here is a portnut of Camoens, the collaticm
referred to in the account of the Editio Prin-
cq>a at page 264 is given, and it is conceived,
that although to enter minutely into it might
not meet with the approbation of general reatt
ers, yet that a short account of it will be at>
ceptable.
It would appear that soon after the publico
tioQ of the 4>to. edition, the Royal Library at
Paris obtained irom Germany, a copy of an
edition of the date of 1572, and geoerously
placed it for inspection in the hands of Dom
Joze. He expresses, that he felt considerable
pleasure in discovering that it di&red iirom
that in his possesBion, and that it was con-
formable to the copy in the Library at Lis-
bon. He found, however, that folios 75, 76,
77, and 78, were ineerted, and belonged to
the other edition. Having minutely, and with
scrupulous attention, examined these Allies,
Dpi .?d by Google
WOEKS or CAHOEK8. 377
.lie faw \ttai oubled to publiah the remit of his
■labonrB, which result distinguishes accurately
the two editions, she^ the difierences in than,
and decides the priority. He states the colla-
tum to have been made by comparing his c(^
with that lately acquired by the Xibiary at
Paris. He asserts that his copy, one in the
IHnary of Sen. Antonio Ribeiro, and Lord
Holland's, (with the exception of folios 41,4^
47, and 46, inserted in the latter) are alik^
and of the same edition, which he denominates
the first edition; and that those at Lisbtm
in the Royal libraiy, imd in the Library of
like BenedictineB, (according to notices he had
reccdred of them) and that of Paris,* are
alike, and of the same edition, which he dis-
tanguishes as the seocmd edition, published in
1572.
Previous to pointing out the various read-
ings, vtfbal and orthographical dif^'mceti,
Dom Joze has the following remarks : — In the
first edition the flbield is a littie larger, And not
lower than in the second ; the Pelican, at the
■ The cofj in '^ Brhuii H unom n tb> xcgad nUtko.
D,o,i..ci by Google
S7S EDITIONS OF THE
b^ looks to the right in the first, and to the
left in the second edition ; the fillets of the c(v
lumns descend in the first from right to left,
and vice versa in the second ; the type in the
Ironti^ece of the first is larger dian in that of
the second. In the first edition the Alvarii
contains thirty-four lines, with the date printed
" a vinte e quatro dias do raez de Setembro;"
in the second it contains thirty-three lines, and
in the twenty-second it begins to change the
division, and finishes with the date thus : *' a
'* xxiiij de Setembro." In the first, the Italic
letters of the Censure are less than is the se-
cond, but the name of the Censor is larger.
The greatest differ^ice consists, first, in the
orthography; secondly, in the typt^rapfaical
errors ; and thirdly, in the few words changed
in the text. These three points he proceeds to
examine, and has printed the vari^ons. He
is decidedly of opinion, that In the first edition
the text is the most pure, having been printed
from the MS. of Camoens, whereas the second
most probably was under some other inspec-
tion than that of the author.
D,o,i..ci by Google
Os Lusiadas, Poema do Grande Luis de Co-
moes, Segundo o Legitimo Texto. Avinhao, na
cffcina de Francisco Seguin. 1818. 2 Tom.
l^mo. Acha-se em Paris, na Lqja de T. Bar-
roisfilho, Q,uai Voltaire N"- 11.
The " diecimo prelimmar" and the life of the
poet io this edition, are copied irom Aquiao. - It
coataiDs the Arguments and Index of Barreto. In
the text the editor has followed Faria e Sousa.
Besides the arguments of Barreto, another set ap-
pears at the commencement of the Cantoe. There
are not any engravings.
Dpi .?d by Google
,11 ..d by Google
Commetttattwti,
D,o,l..ci by Google
„i..cihyGooj^le
dnnnuntfitoc?* JSpoIosf^cs, ^.
Manoel Gomkz Galhamo de Lourosa waa a
native of Alm&da. opposite to Lisbon ; {vofessor of
medicine and astrologjr, and osteetned as a writer of
Ladn poetry. He published two works, and com-
posed others ; amongtt which was
'* Commento tobre o primeiro Canto dot Lwiadas
'* de Camoeat"
Loiz DA SiLVA ]>E Brito was bom at San-
tarem ; studied at Evora and Coimbra; and was
a good poet, an eloquent orator, a profound di-
vine, and an excellent canonist. He enjoyed va-
rious situations of honourt principally ecclesiastical.
Amongst other eminent virtues widi which he was
endowed, was that of fidelity to the princes of his'
country. As a proof of this, when Antonio was
prodwmed King of Portugal, he mounted his horse.
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
884 COMHENTATOR^
anil heading a pvty, joined ia the battle of Alcan-
tva, whicli, howerer, was decided in &vour of the
Spaniards. He died Prior of the Church " Santo
" Eate»a5" of Santarem, in 1618.«
Hanoel Severim de Faria tbtu mentions a Com-
mentarj on the Luaiad of Camoena, by Brito;—
*■ In thia kingdom there are not a few, who hare
** undertaken to commcDt upon, and to praiae Luit
" de Camoena. Some of these worki hare appear-
" ed, and othera are preaerred in MS. more worthy
** pgaaibly of being printed than thoae which have
" had that fortune: aucfa ia that which has been
" many yean composed by Luiz da Sylva de Brito,
** a person sufficiently known in this kingdom by
** his great learning and qualifications." f
Mamoei. Sevbrih dx Faria was bom at Lis-
bon; was a celebrated antiquary; and has been
mentioned as an early biagnpher of Camoena. Ma-
ehado dedicates several pages to his life, and the
list of works by this extraordinary man. He died
in 1655, at Evora. He left in MS.
" Nolat (M hanadas de Luit de Camoehi."
Manoel de Faria e Sousa informs us, that be di».
' Madiado iiu p. I3T.
f Vidadc Cam. Discur. Torioi. foK 131.
D,o,i..ci*.. Google
APOLOGISTS, &C. S8fi
covered 150 faaaget in difierent anthort which
Comoens had Imitated.*
Manobi. so Vailk de Mocra vas bom at
Arrayolos, and studied at Evora, where he toolc the
d^ee of Doctor in Divinity. He was appointed by
the Duke of Braganza, D. Theodouo, Abbade of
the church " da Santa ChrisUna de BarroBO," and
was afterwards a member of the InquisilJoii. He
died in 1624. Amongst his works was
" lUiutrafao S primeira Oda de Camoens, com hum
" disctirso excellente tohre o Poema Heroico"
The MS. was preserved at the time Machado
wrote, and was In the library of the Conde de
Vimiera.
D. Francisco Bolim de Moura was bom at
Lisbon in 151% and died in 1640. He was a man
of large possessions, and well educated; pardculailjr
in mathematics and in the composidon of poetiy. For
his productions in the latter he is mentioned with
great praise by Corderof and others. He left: in MS.
" Advertendttt a tUgunt errot tie Luiz de Camoau
" emiM Lusiadas."
Mahoel Pirbs db Almkioa was bom in the
city (^ Erora, in 1597, and studied in Fortt^al
■ Fuu Comsnt. Luuad. p. 64T. Madudo ili. p. 373.
t Blo^ &)m Poeu Luat. £«t. 9.
VM.. II. 2 c
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
386 COMHEMTATOS8,
and U Rome. He was bred to the Cburcb, ao4
principally employed in clerical aSurs. He died at
Lisbon in 1655. He in thue meAtioned by BriM in
his Tbeatr. Luait. Lit. E. n. 65 *' Vir eruditua prs-
" aertim poeticK artis notitta ad quam Eoira sen-
" pre propensione abdiictus est." He left sereral
work*, efpecially
*' Commeutos as Lutiadat de Camoeni," FaUo
4 Tom. MS.
Prefixed to the CommeDtaries is a life of the
poet. The author left the nork to be placed in
the library of tbe celebrated antiquary Manoel Se-
verim de Faria, and afterwards to be preserved l:^
Gaspar Severim de Faria, the nephew of Maseel
Sererim. He criticised some passages of the poet*
which loBD Soares de.Brito strenuoualy defisoded
in the Apology which he published in praise of
Camoens, and which was printed in Lisbon by Lon^
ien;o Alvaree, in 1641. 4to.
IoA.6 PiKTO RiBEUto was a native of Lisbon.;
Desembargador do Pago ; Contador M6r do Rme ;
and Guarda Mdr da Torre do Tombo. He diedin
the same city, in 1649.
He had prepared for the press, " ComnKnltSt
" Rimiu de Luix de Camoetu," which Is menticmed
by Fr. Antonio Brandao in tbe Prologue to tbe
third part of the Man, Lutk, t «nd Manod de
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
APOLOGISTS, &C. 38T
Faria e Souzb, in the life of Camoena, prefixed to
the Commentary on the Rimas, stiles bim " gran
" estudiante y averiguador do los quilates de inge-
" nio, letrai, y espirito de nuestro Poeta," a great
Btudier aod eXamlDer of the purity of the genius,
literature, and spirit of our poeU Faria e Sooza*
also thus mentions him in the Fuent. de Agamp.
Cent. 3. SoneL 92.
De Is gran Cunoens Lirica Urania
Derrama d enidiw CoDtrapunto.
Antonio Gomes db Olivcsra, a natire of
Torres Novb«, tras secretary to Mathias de Albu-
querque, Conde de Alegrete, governor of Alentejo.
He was intended for a civil lawyer, but thinking
that the military life was more consonant to )us ideas,
and judging that he could serve bis country better
with a sword than with a pen, he left the university
and took the field. He is represented tohare fought
most bravely in the battle of Montijo, in 1644, and
at the lines of Elvas, in 1659. He was much
esteemed as a poet, received many academic prizes,
* Neariy in the >niK place, he writes, (liat Ribeiro had
commented on the Rimas, tparthily, as far ss he underatood,
ttota tiie little be had seen of tbe work.
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
S88 COMMEMTATORB,
and eojoyed the pstronage of loao IV., on whose
occeBuoQ and triumph over the Spaoish usorpation,
he composed sererat poems. His Herculeida, a
heroic poem, is praised bj Brito in his Apolc^ia de
Camoens. He vrrote
" Commento &s LuHadat dt CamSes." MS.
Akdre Rodriouks de Maitos was bom at
Lisbon, and studied at Coimbra, where he took the
degree of Bachelor. Although law was his profes-
aion, lie cultivated the muses, and read the heat
poets ia the pdiihed languages in Europe, ia which
he was eminently skilled. He was positonately
attached to the verses of Camoens, of which he was
B great imitator, and could r^^t nearly the wnole
of them. He died in 1698. The fallowing efiiisian
was published at Lisbon by Antonio Crasbeck de
Mello, in 1663. 4to. It is in ottava Rima.
" Tritimpho dot Armas Partuguexat dedazido
" de varioi Ferioe do intigne Poeta Luiz de Camo-
" em glotiadMt e reduxidoi ao intenlo."
loAo SoAHES DE Brit0 was bon) at Matozinhos,
in the Bishopric of Oporto, in 1611. He studied
first at Oporto, then in the College of 6. Paulo de
Braga, afterwards at Coimbra, and lastiy at Sala-
manca. On his return he was admitted to the
d^ree of Doctor in Dirinity at Erora and Coimbn.
He was ^pointed Abbot of the Churdi of S. MU
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
APOLOGI8TO, &C. 389
gne) Ae RebordcMai in the' Bishopric of Oporto ; and
trwBlated afterwards to that of S. Tiago Diuitas,
in the Archbishopric of Brsga. In both aituations
be received considerable atipends, whereof he is
stated to have diBtributed largely to the poor. He
died in 1664. He was Hkilled in the Latin language)
and spobe it fluently. He also distinguished him-
self in Portuguese poetry. He composed
** Apologia em que de^de a Poezia do ptincipe
" doi Poetas de Etpanha Luix de Camoem, no
" Canto 4. da Ettanc. 67 e IS. e Cant. 2. E^anc.
" 21 e responde at cetuurat de hum Critico dettet
" tempos'' Lis6oa par Lauren fo de Anvert. 1641.
4tfo.
Hie work is dedicated to load Rodrigues de S& e
Menezes, Camereiro M6r del Rey, and Conde de
Penaguiao.
Brito does not state who it was that had made
the attack upon CamoenSi but loao Franco Barreto,
in his Orthographia da Lingua Portugueza writer
that his name was Manoel Pires de Almeida.
Aquino quotes the followiog testimony in defence
of Camoens. extracted from the " TAeatrum Lu$i-
" tania Litterarium" of Brito, the unpublished MS.
of which is in the library of his most Christian Ma-
jesty: — " De celeberrimo autem'ejus (CamonI)
•* Luaiadnm Ponnate Epico, in quo Indicam Lusi-
Do,T«jhyGooj^le
-^90 COMHEHTATOaS,
' " tanorum expedkionenif sub aiupicuB EmmsnueliB
" Re^ ad sydera usque erexJt, sic BtatuimuB :
« dtvinum illud ease opus, aive febulam & mores,
" sive (ententisoi, et dictiaaem apectet. Actionem
" vero auiB diatinctam partibua, & episodiis, optioio
" principioi congrueod medio, et ^ptisaimo fine
" constare; neque aliquid in ea desiderari, quod
** juxta PoeticB artiB pnecepta, ad Teram, & per-
*■ fectam EpopeiK rationran requiratur, TametN
" vero scioli non defuerint, qui Camonl acripta
" morgibuB, ku potius latratibuB impetieiint ; tamen
*■ Viri egregii defeuderuot : & Nob, edita Olistpone
" Apologia, ab omni eiroris, aut mininii lapsClB no-
" ta, pro temporiB, de virium meoaura vindicavimus,
" baud pssai inuItatD tanti viri errare umbram."
Manobl Pacheco db Sampaio Vaj-ladarxs,
a native of Benaventei and bom in 1673 ; studied
at Li^Kin, and the University of Coimbra. He was
one of the moat celebrated scholara of tbe academy
inatituted at Lisbon, where the authora withheld
their real names. Several of his works were pub-
lished, and amongst those in MS. is
■' Expostfocni de varias Outavat de Luis de
" Cantoeru, recitadat na Academica dot Anonymos
" de que foy Collega."
Fr. Manobl de S. Tereza e Sousa was born
at Oporto, in 1686. , He was originally intended
Dioiir^dhyGooj^le
APOLOOISTe, &c. 391
for the militaiy profession ; but changed it for that
of religion, and became a Monk. He compoaed
'* Lusifineida," a poem, in ten CantoE, on the de<
dine and roBtoration of the Portuguese ktngdoia,
trom the time of Sebaatiao to loao IV. which he
left in MS. ready far the press. He also left some
other writings, one of which was
" Commenlo St obras de inHgne Luiz de
" Camoens. 44o."
Mathbos da Costa Barros, was bum in Lin-
bon, in 1693, and died at Castanheim, in 1746.
. He left
" Novisamo Comento Apotogetico ao Poema dat
" Liitiadat de Luiz de Camoent. Folig. S Ttmtot'
« ATS."
Machado writes, that be examined the lecoad
volume of this work by order of the Desembargo
do Pafo, on the 16th Nov. 1750.
loAo Franco Barreto, whoae name has been
frequently mentioned, also stood forth as the de-
fender of Camoens, and wrote " DUeurso Apoto-
" getico tobre avitao do Indo, e Ganges, introdusi-
" da com exceUente Protopopeia, pelo insigne e
" heroico Poeta Luis de Camoee, no Canto IV. da
" sua LuHada."
It had not been published in 1779.
D,o,i..ci by Google
392 COMJfBNTATOIU^ SlC.
Db. Ahdkk Nukes da Szlva wrote " LifoS
" Academica tobre a Poenta ie Luit de Camoet,"
which, together with other works by the same
author, was preserred in MS. in the year 1779, in
the Library of the " Fadrei Theatinoi" of LiBbon.*
■ EditioD 1779. Disc Fralim. p. 34.
KDw. wjkunK, ntim*, niwustu oi
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