*^ ,(z£l4 VJO frAfpjjUL**
MEMOIRS
AMERICAN ACADEMY
ARTS AND SCIENCES.
NEW SERIES.
VOL. X.-PART I.
CAMBRIDGE AND BOSTON
WELCH AND BIG BLOW.
METCALF AND DAKIN.
i 1868.
M E M O I R S
A M E R I C A N A C A 1) E M Y
ARTS AND SCIENCES.
N E W S E R IKS.
VOL. X.-PART
LIBRARY
(SEW YORK
BOTAMC •
OAROEN
CAMBRIDG E A N D BOS T O X
A \ D BIGKLO »
METCALF \\1> DAKIN
1 8 6
XA1
Pi
CONTENTS OF PART I
I. Catalogue of Auroras observed, mostly at Cambridge, Mass., since the year \K]X. By
Joseph Lovering. ............ 1
II. On the Periodicity of the Aurora Borealis. By Joseph Lovering. ...'.*
OFFICERS OF THE AMERICAN ACADEMY,
FOB THE TEAR BEGINNING HAY, I*G7.
President.
ASA GRAY.
I Ice-Prt sident.
GEORGE T. BIGELOW.
WILLIAM B. ROGERS.
CHAUNCEY WRIGHT.
.JOHN C. LEE.
FRANK II. STORER.
S i \ N 1) 1 N G
JOSEPH LOVERING,
JOSIAH P. COOKE,
WOLCOTT GIBBS,
W'l I.I.I AM B. ROGERS, .
FRANK II. STORER, .
JOSEPH WINLOCK,
MORRILL WYMAN. .
JOSEPH LOVERING,
CHARLES W. ELIOT,
JEFFRIES WYMAN.
JOHN BACON, .
JOHN B. HENCK, .
CHARLES PICKERING. .
ASA GRAY, ex-officio.
JOHN C. LEE, ■
THOMAS T. BOUVE.
CHARLES F. WARE, .
CHARLES J. SPRAGUE.
tiding Secretary.
Recording St en tary.
Treasurer.
Librarian and Cabinet-Keepei
Commiitei
Rumford ( 'ommiltet .
' Publication.
Committee on the Library.
I m mc<
Auditing Committee.
Class 1.
JOHN B. HENCK.
THOMAS HILL.
JOSEPH LOVERING
Council.
Clos. 2.
LOl is AGASSIZ,
CHARLES PICKERING.
JEFFRIES WYMAN.
Class ■>.
GEORGE E. ELLIS,
ANDREW I'. PEABODY,
ROBERT C. WINTHROP.
MEMOIRS-
AMERICAN ACADEMY
*KH YORK
HVTAKtCAL
Catalogue * of Auroras observed, mostly at Cambridge, after the year 1838.
By JOSEPH LOVERING,
HOLLIS PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICS AXD NATURAL PHILOSOPHY LS HARVARD COLLEGE.
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
Cambridge, 1838.
Feb. 21. Brilliant Aurora. A light began to
appear in the north at 8 h : large streamers
crossed the heavens. At 10 h , they were ar-
ranged in vertical arcs, streaming up nearly
to the zenith and concentrating in the northern
horizon. Afterwards, their upper extremities
assumed the color of brilliant scarlet. At ll h ,
the streamers were agitated, the light faded
and flashed up again, instantaneously, during
half an hour. Soon after this, the Aurora
faded out, and at 12 h was wholly invisible, ex-
cept as a bank of diffuse light in the north.
Feb. 22. A few streamers in the evening.
" 23. At 10 h , a few faint patches of light
scattered over the heavens.
1839.
Jan. 11. Beautiful Aurora at 10 h .
Sept. 3. A magnificent display of Aurora. At
the end of twilight, several columns of brilliant
scarlet light had started from the northern
horizon, and at 8 h had nearly reached the
zenith, streamers also ascending now from the
east and south. In half an hour the whole
firmament was flooded with light. Soon after
9 h , a corona was formed, in the direction of
*17
the resultant of the earth's magnetism at this
place. The columns then broke, and attempted
to form again with partial success. At 10 h , the
heavens were covered with a brush of light.
Dorchester, 1839.
6 Sept. 1. Aurora Borealis, altitude 4°, steady,
* Those marked with an asterisk were observed by myself: the others by the late W. C. Bond or G
Observatory, being copied from its records by permission of the Director, Joseph Winlook.
VOI» X. 1
apex E. of K 5°, 7 h 45 m . Arch lower at 9 h
7 Sept. 3. Aurora.
8 " 28. Faint N. Aurora, altitude about 2°,
with wane and dark below ; at 9 h 30 m , strong
steady light, altitude 15° to 20°, wane.
9 Oct. 22. Aurora during night.
10 Dec. 21. 7 h m . Aurora, dark wane clouds be-
low, white, steady, low, say 5°. Strong Au-
rora, dark below, apex about 7° east of north.
Aurora active at S h 3o m . Aurora low and
steady. Arch well defined, steady. A few dark
wane clouds above the arch. Aurora faint and
low. Strong light among wane clouds. Wane,
bright auroral arch quiet, wane rising at N.
Cambridge, 1840.
11 Feb. 6. Aurora at altitude of 2°, diffused white
light, stead)-, with long, low, dark wane clouds.
12 " 7. Low, faint Aurora, altitude 3°, with
long, dark, pointed wane.
13 Mar. 22. Aurora Borealis, white diffused light,
apex at 4°, with wane across.
Aurora, dark wane below.
Slight Aurora.
Aurora, height of arch 3° at N.
and active, with dark wane and de-
tached nebula.
' 28. Remarkable Aurora. An arch was
formed at 9 h 15 m P. M., running, as nearly as
could be ascertained, at right angles to the
magnetic meridian. A crown began to form
at ll h . Its position was referred to a Corona'
Borealis, which was then upon the meridian.
P. Bond of the Harvard
14
" 29.
*15
Apr. 24.
16
May 1.
Broken
AUEORAS OBSERVED AT CAMBRIDGE
As it was at about the same altitude as the
star, viz., 74° 52', and to the east of the merid
iau, it could not have been far from the mag-
netic pole of Dip. Shortly afterwards, the
arch was broken up and the northern sky
covered with pulsations of light.
*18 May 29. Brilliant Aurora. The auroral arch
was first seen at ( J h S m P. M., extending from
a point nearly east to within a few degrees of
the western horizon. The light was intense.
The apes of the arch was situated, at first 20°,
and at 9 h lti m about 30°, south of the zenith.
After this time the light broke and scattered,
flying from east to west. This arch was en-
tirely detached from the main body of the
Aurora, and resembled a streamer. In the
north there was a diffused light, but very
bright and swift flashes toward the zenith. At
l(.l h .;.", m , a large meteor was seen in the north,
20° high, descending towards the northwest.
19 June 21. Faint Aurora at 12 h m .
*20 " 26. About 9 ' 12 m P. M., an Aurora was
seen in the north, of a white diffused light.
At, ll h 56 m , the Aurora assumed a dull appear-
ance, with dark wane intermixed. At l h 36 m ,
the Aurora became more active, and some
streamers were seen. The magnetometer was
slightly affected at this time.
July 4. Between 12 h 4 ,n and lL' h 10 m , bright
diffused Northern Lights : occasionally, long
streamers : wane clouds near the Northern
horizon : magnetometer quiet.
July 29. At & h 21 m , an auroral arch was
formed, about 7° above the horizon, and very
motionless. At 9 h 40 m , it began to move toward
tin' zenith, and rose to tlje altitude of 30°. At
li h 30'", the Aurora had disappeared. The
light was dull during the whole time.
*23 Aug. 19. A steady auroral arch was observed.
It was double, and the altitude of its apex at
10 h 30 m was 7° or 8°. Its color was dull white.
This Aurora continued till 10S 36 m , and at 10 h
47'" the Northern Lights bad disappeared.
*24 " 28. An auroral arch appeared, running
from east to west, of intense brightness
diffused, hut without streamers. Its apex was
nearly on the meridian, and at 9 h 6 m its alti-
tude was about 45°. At 9 h 56 m , streamers shot
up, G0° from the horizon : the altitude of its
highest part was about 76° 43', as found from
its place among the stars.
Aug. 31. Aurora, bright arch 4°, at 13 b .
*21
*22
26
*28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
52
*54
Sept. 21. Strong Aurora with streamers, at 12 h .
Oct. 22. Between 8 h and 9 h , an Aurora of. a
steady blue light was first perceived : it af-
terwards grew whiter aud brighter. The alti-
tude was 3°, with wane clouds below. At ll 1 '
56 m , the Aurora was low.
Nov. 30. At 10 h , an Aurora was seen of white
diffused light. No regular arch was formed.
The magnetometer was quiet.
1841.
Jan. 14. Aurora, low wane, at 10 h P. M.
" 27. Aurora, low and faint, at 9 h 30 m .
Feb. 22 Aurora, masses of white light, chiefly
E. of N., at 8 h 20 m ,* extending from eastern hor-
izon to zenith and passing to the south.
" 23. Aurora low at N. by E. Streamer.
Mar. 12. Auroral arch, altitude of apex about 5°
direction north by 10° east, steady, at 8 U P. M.
" 14. Strong Aurora, wane below, masses of
white light, detached above, at 7''.
" 15. Dull Aurora with wane.
" 16. Pale Aurora, low, clear.
" 20. Slight Aurora, with wane at north.
" 21. Faint Aurora, with dark wane clouds.
April 11. Aurora low, with wane.
" 14. Strong Aurora, with wane intermixed.
" 16. Aurora low, at 2° P. M.
" 18. Brilliant Aurora, streamers, 5° to 6°.
" 19. Aurora, decided arch with faint
streamers, at 9 h m .
May 8. Aurora, slight. P. M.
July 11. Aurora, faint and low at 9 h P. M.
" 19. Bright Aurora blended with wane,
broken double arch, at 9" 30'" P. M.
Sept. }!j. Midnight auroral arch, height about
5°, steady.
" 25. Masses of auroral clouds, at 8 h an
arch and streamers in N. N. W.
" 26. Bed auroral cloud at N. W.
Oct. 14. Aurora at 10 h P. M., low, ill-defined,
ane.
Slight Aurora, at ll h 30 m .
19. Aurora.
' 21. Aurora, diffused light, steady, and
wane clouds low in North, at 9 U P. M.
Nov. 18. At 8 h 20 m , a very beautiful Aurora
was seen. The period of greatest bright-
ness was 8 h l m . At 8 h 26 m , the Aurora had
nearly vanished, leaving only faint traces of
columns. At 9" 6 m , there was observed in
the north a large bright arch of light, mov-
AURORAS OBSERVED AT- CAMBRIDGE.
55
*56
*58
*59
*60
61
62
63
*64
65
*66
67
68
69
*70
71
72
ing slowly westward, and also small drifting
spots of bright light near the horizon. At
9 h 16 m , the illumination extended from the
northern horizon up to 30° of altitude. At
11" 36 m , the Aurora was shining brightly.
Dec. 21. Faint* traces of Aurora, at ll h 30 m .
" 24. At 6 h 36™, delicate shoots of Aurora
were visible nearly up to the zenith. At 6 h
46 m , the Aurora disappeared near Capella,
but grew brighter in the zenith. At 6" 4S m , it
disappeared from the zenith, and shone again
in Auriga. At 6 h 52 m , no trace of the Aurora
could be seen. The magnetometers were dis-
turbed.
1S42.
Jan. 4. Between 6 h 21 m and 6 h 51 m , an Aurora
was seen in the northeast and northwest.
" 5. About 6 h 36 m , au auroral arch was
visible in the northeast, at the altitude of 8° ;
but it soon died away.
" 7. At 10 h 20 ra , an arch of Aurora, 12°
high, was seen in the north, northwest. The
same arch, with another resting upon it, at an
altitude of 20°, was visible at 10 h 10 m : at 10 h
40'"\ the upper arch was partly broken : at 10 h
45 m , a similar appearance was presented in the
southeast. In both these arches, stars were
visible, though not elsewhere, as it was cloudy.
" 9. At 9 h 21 m , a light appeared, shining
through the clouds in the north.
" 11. Aurora Borealis at midnight, height
5° to 7°, bright, with wane clouds.
" 12. Faint Aurora Borealis, with cirri
and wane, at 6 h 30 m .
" 15. Aurora Borealis, strong, well defined
arch at 9 h . At 12 h , diffused light, low, at north
Jan. 15. A diffused arch was visible in the
northwest, whose apex was from 10° to 12°
high. At 9* 26 m , the arch was bright.
Feb. 11. Aurora low (3°), diffused, brighter on
the easterly part, at 7 h P. M.
Feb. 11. A slight Aurora was observed.
Mar. 23. Aurora. P. M.
Apr. 10. Aurora, bright and steady, height
about 3°, at 9 h .
" 12. Auroral arch, bright, steady, altitude
of apex from 7° to 10°.
Aug. 8. At 2 h 36 rc , an auroral light was seen
in the north.
Sept. 28. Aurora, low and diffused, with wane
at north.
Nov. 21. Bright Aurora.
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
Nov. 28. Aurora low in north, at ll h P. M.
Dec. 27. Aurora among broken clouds, at 10 h
15 m P. M.
1843.
Aug. 3. Strong and lively Aurora, with merry
dancers, at 10" P. M.
Sept. 27. Bright auroral arch, apex 5° N. by E.
Oct. 14. Strong auroral arch 5°, apex north,
at 6 h 30 ra . More diffused at 7 h .
Nov. 15. Slight Aurora at 5 h A. M.
1844
Mar. 25. Aurora.
April 5. A well defined auroral arch at 9 h , a
very rare phenomenon of late, altitude of apex
3° to 5°, bore north by 5° E. at 10".
" 17. Aurora, low at north with wane.
May 7. Northern Lights and merry dancers,
at 10" P. M.
" 8. Aurora again, low, at 9>> P. M.
Oct. 20. Bright auroral arch, apex due north,
altitude about 4°.
Dec. 14. Aurora.
1845.
Jan. 9. Brilliant Aurora.
April 13. Masses of northern light at 10".
" 30. Auroral light through clouds.
Sept. 24. Northern light.
" 25. Aurora.
Oct. 21. Strong auroral light.
Dec. 3. Aurora.
" 5. Aurora, low and diffused.
1846.
Jan. 28. Very strong Aurora, apex E. of N.
3°, altitude 10°.
Feb. 26. Aurora dancing.
Apr. 15. Northern Lights 10°, brightest in
N. E., shooters.
" 16. Aurora.
May 4. Aurora shooting, faint.
July 14. Northern Lights. '
Aug. 11. Bright Aurora, with streamers, 8"-9".
" 24. Splendid Aurora.
Sept. 10. Auroral light formed at 8" P. M. an
arch of 10° in breadth, to the N. E. The
interior of the arch was darker, or a deeper
blue, than the rest of the sky, the lower edge of
the arch cut a Ursa; Majoris on the west, and
a Persei to the eastward. At 8" 20 m , it was
quite bright at times, masses of cloudy light.
It faded rather suddenly, and the peculiar wane
AURORAS OBSERVED AT CAMBRIDGE.
clouds, which usually accompany the Aurora
Borealis, appeared scattered over the north,
at about 5° to 10° above the horizon.
103 Sept. 11. Aurora.
104 " 22. Aurora from 8 h to 9 h in the evening.
105 " 23. Aurora, low.
106 Oct. 7. Very brilliant and active Aurora.
The night of the 7-8 was remarkable for its
beauty and the fine display of Northern Lights.
The formation of cloud in immediate connec-
tion with the Aurora was watched with great
interest. The apparent process was this.
From the strong light of the arch, whose apex
was high, and the inner part deep red, the
streamers shot upward, and then formed in
succession. Vapory light very faint, stronger
light in mass. From this, or in the same direc-
tion, was gradually formed" cirrus and cumulus,
from which the moonlight was strongly re-
flected, and of steady outline. The usual dark
wane clouds were formed below.
107 " 19. Aurora with wane.
108 " 21. Aurora at 10 h P. M.
109 Dec. 9. Bright auroral arch 10°. Streamers
in the N. W.
1847.
110 Feb. 6. Auroral light with wane clouds.
111 Mar. 8. Northern Lights at 9 h P. M.
112 " 19. At evening auroral arch 10°, apex
3° east of north, increased to one of the most
lively and brilliant displays on record.
113 Apr. 7. Northern Lights strong, between
dark cumulus.
114 " 16. Aurora at 9 h , P. M.. low.
115 May 15. Auroral arch, altitude 5°, at 9 h P. M.
116 Aug. 3. Aurora 5°, ll h to 12 h , broken by l h .
117 •• 21. About midnight a splendid Aurora,
colored deeply with red.
118 Sept. 29. A splendid auroral display at 8 b to
9 h P. M. Some masses looking like the spec-
trum of a prism, others of a brilliant red or
rose color.' One remained stationary for an
hour in the S. E., at an altitude of 30°.
1848.
119 Jan. 28. Strong Aurora, with deep red light.
but interrupted by clouds, at 8 h 30 m P. M.
120 Feb. 24. Auroral light, strong. Several bril-
liant displays of Northern Lights this month.
121 Mar. 8. Aurora low and diffused, at 9 h P. M.
122 " 22. Aurora.
123 « L'4. Aurora. At 9 h , a fine, steady, well-
defined arch. At I0 h 30™, merry dancers, bril-
liant, casting strong shadows.
124 Mar. 25. Slight Aurora, low' and diffused.
125 Apr. 5. Brilliant, active Aurora, at ll h 4 m .
126 " 6. Aurora at 9 h P. M. Extensive and
diffused at 10" 3() m .
127 " 15. Aurora, brilliant arch and streamers
at 9 h P. M.
128 May 25. Aurora. A beam shot from a cloud
near the horizon to Polaris ; exactly in direc-
tion, a little short in distance.
129 " 31. Aurora.
130 July 11. Splendid Aurora up to zenith ex-
tending to the south and east. At 10 h , fine.
131 Oct. 6. At 9 h P. M., a very curious and re-
markable ridge of light resembling a comet's
tail, or a light thin cloud, seen in the X.,
extending from the horizon up to the ze:r b,
moving slowly off to the southward, at the
rate of about a degree a minute, retain-
ing its curved appearance as when first no-
ticed. Supposed it to be auroral light.
132 " 25. Bright Aurora diffused with wane.
133 Nov. 17. Bright Aurora shining through Ihe
clouds, like moonlight.
134 " 21. Aurora.
135 " 22. Aurora.
136 Dec. 23. Northern light, diffused, altitude 10°.
1849.
137 Feb. 19. Aurora from 10" to 12\ At mid-
night, quite bright arch, apex 15°, broken at
N. W., colored red.
138 Mar. 17. Strong Aurora.
139 May 12. Aurora from 9" to 10 h P. M., altitude
7°, broken arch.
140 July 13. Aurora from 9" to 10* P M., slight
auroral arch.
1850.
141 Mar. 4. Strong Aurora, also the same on
the two preceding nights.
142 " 11. Aurora, at 9 h P. M.
143 " 31. Bright_Aurora with clouds floating
in the north.
144 April 2. Slight Aurora during night.
145 " 6. Aurora at 9 h P. M., a fine arch with
streamers, and very bright patches and cirro.-
stratus clouds below and among.
146 " 7. Aurora with streamers and clouds.
147 May 3. Fine auroral arch at 9 h P. M.
148 " 7. Fine Aurora from 14 h to 15 h
AURORAS OBSERVED AT CAMBRIDGE.
149 July 11. Bright and active Aurora at 9 h and
10 h P. M., shooting to the zenith.
150 " 12. Aurora midst clouds, streamers.
151 Aug. 10. Aurora, about 3 C high. At ll h 15 m ,
curious appearance of the clouds, stretching
from east to west exactly. Aurora bright.
152 " 29-30. Faint Aurora from 9 h to 10 h P. M.
153 Dec. 27. Aurora.
1851.
Bright Aurora.
Bright Aurora.
Aurora.
Aurora, low 'and diffused.
154 Feb. 5.
155 " 18.
156 Mar. 29.
157 May 24.
158 June 5. Strong Northern Lights with stream-
ers, at 9 h P. M.
159 " 27. Slight Aurora.
160 July 26. Strong, irregular Aurora, very
bright, from 9 h to 10".
161 Aug. 29. Aurora, low arch, full North, 9 h P.M.
162 Sept. 4. A brilliant Aurora»with streamers,
and drifting light, at 2 h A. M. At 2 1 ' 30 m , an
arch was formed to the southward, apex E.
of S., about 40° high; the flashes on this side
resembled what is called " heat lightning."
To the N. N. W., and N. E. there was fre-
quently rosy and green light. I have not
seen a more brilliant display ; the wind was
unsteady from the N.
163 " 6. Auroral arch at evening until ll h
apex N. to N. N. E., bright moonlight.
164 Sept. 7. At 7 h 15 ra P. M. Strong auroral arch
7°, streamers, and rose-light flashing, &c.
until 7 h 21 m . then subsided with occasional
streamers and diffused light. At 4 h A. M. of
the 7th, Mr. Andrew Wyeth reports a bril-
liant Aurora covering the heavens, never I
saw the like before
165 Oct. '-. A fine auroral arch at 9' 1 P. M.. apex
N. by E., about 12° high, clear bright moon-
light, the arch steady, with'long cirro-stratus
clouds below.
1 ii6 " 20. Fine Aurora commenced at 7 h P. M.,
during twilight, with a well defined aroh> j
its apex a i'ew degrees E. of N., and altitude
about 15°. At 7 h , broken rolling billows, va-
rying every minute, streamer of white light,
very dark below : at 8 b 57 m , a dark cloud be-
low fringed above with white light, and above
it a regular arch, no streamer ; at 9 h 10 m 30 s , a
long narrow streamer at E. N. E. just bisected
by At . at 9" 12 m 5 s , it had moved about
one degree northwardly; this was a singular
streamer and well adapted to show parallax,
if observed elsewhere N. or S ; at 9 h 18 m
short streamers from N. E. to N. W., rising
from dark cloud below ; at 9 h 20 m 35 s , a double
arch, below steady, the one above has,
streamers ; at I2 h , diffused light, dark below
apex of arch in the north.
167 Oct. 23. At evening till midnight, bright
Aurora. At 6 b 30 m well defined, regular arch ;
then very strong light, radiating, fine, like
iron at white heat, not streamers, but strong
short rays or spikes.
168 Nov. 15. Low auroral arch, 3° high, apex l c
or 2° E. of N. Arch continuous and well
defined, at 9 h P. M.
169 Dec. 29. A very bright auroral arch at 6 h ,
5° in width, stretched across the north from
N. E. to N. W., highest point about 30°.
A smaller one, within this, having an alti-
tude at highest point of about 15°, was seen.
The space between these appeared quite
dark, and also that within the small circle.
170 " 30. Aurora at 4 h A. M. confined low
in the north horizon, diffused sheets of light
are continually rushing to the zenith, van-
ishing before they reach the altitude of 25°.
1852.
171 Jan. 19. Bright Aurora at night.
172 Feb. 18. Bright Aurora.
173 " 19. Aurora of extraordinary brilliancy
commenced at evening twilight. Between
10 h and ll b , corona was in Dec. of Mars,
and as nearly as possible in the meridian.
174 " 20. The Aurora yet visible at 6*, and
pretty surely seen after sunrise at 6 h 58 m .
175 " 26. Evening. Aurora.
176 April 10. Aurora below the clouds, at 9 h lO™.
177 May 18. Fine steady auroral arch during
the evening till midnight.
178 " 19. Bright and strong Aurora, with
considerable activity.
179 " 20. Aurora bright, with streamers.
180 " 21. Aurora low and diffused at 10 h .
1S1 June 15-16. Aurora, arch, and streamers.
182 July 5. Aurora, from 9 h to 10 m P. M., inter-
rupted by cirro-stratus clouds, some stream-
ers, to the N. E. red light.
183 " 6. Slight Aurora, brighter at 10 h .
184 " 7. Auroral arch.
185 " 8. Aurora, low and faint.
186 " 9. Bright Aurora over thunder clouds.
AURORAS OBSERVED AT CAMBRIDGE.
187 July 10. Brilliant Aurora.
188 " 11. Diffused Aurora.
189 " 12. Auroral arch 5°, well defined.
190 " 13. Aurora faint.
191 Aug. 14. Aurora, 3° to 5° high.
192 Sept. 2. Auroral arch, 6°.
193 " 4. Aurora with streamers.
194 Sept. 5. Aurora, with merry dancers.
195 " 6. Auroral arch, 3°.
196 " 12. Bright Aurora between clouds,
from 9 h to 10 h .
197 " 16. Auroral arch.
198 " 17. Aurora low and diffused, at 10" P.M.
199 " 18. Bright auroral arch, 3°, streamers.
200 " 29. Pine Aurora from 7 h to 9 h P.M.,
with streamers.
201 Oct. 5. Aurora, P. M.
202 " 9. Between 7" and 8 h , R. F. B. saw the
flashing of auroral light though the clouds.
203 " 13. Indications of auroral light through
the clouds.
204 Nov. 10. An Aurora, low, with streamers,
confined to an altitude of 10°.
205 ." 11. Strong Aurora witli streamers seen
through the openings of clouds, in evening.
206 " 12. Aurora.
207 " 15. Aurora, at 9 h P. M.
208 " 16. Aurora, at 9 h P. M.
1853.
209 Jan. 9. Faint Aurora at 10 h P. M.
210 " 30. Aurora bright and broken, at 10 h P.M.
211 Feb. 1. Aurora low and bright, at 9 h P. M.
212 " 14. Brilliant Aurora, P. M.
213 Mar. 8. Aurora, at I0 h 30 m P. M.
214 " 13. Faint Aurora.
215 " 18. Aurora in the evening.
216 April 5. Bright Aurora with wane cloud,
along the northern horizon.
21.7 " 9. Slight Aurora, P. M.
218 May 2. Bright and active Aurora, P. M.
219 " 4. Dull Aurora.
220 " 5. Dull Aurora.
221 June 1. Aurora at 10 h P. M., fine arch.
222 " 6. Slight Aurora from 9 h to 10 h P. M.,
with wane cloud.
223 " 9. Aurora, from 9 h to 10 h P. M.
224 " 14. Auroral arch, diffused, 10 h P. M.
225 July 12. Active Aurora, broken arch and
streamers, at 10 h P. M.
226 Sept. 1. At evening, an Aurora.
227 " 2. Soon after sunset, a bright Aurora
was visible, with streamers reaching nearly
to the zenith, brightest from 8 h to ll 1 '.
228 Sept. 3. Aurora through clouds.
L'2'.l " 4. Slight Aurora. P.M.
230 Oct. 31. Aurora low and diffused, P. M.
231 Nov. 2. Aurora low but pretty, P. M.
232 Dec. 24. First Aurora this month.
1S.54.
233 Jan. 2. At evening, a double arch, Aurora
remarkably well defined.
234 " 23. Bright auroral arch, altitude 7°.
235 " 28. Bright Aurora, at evening.
236 Feb. 4. Strong and active Aurora, at 9 h -10 b .
237 " 10. Bright Aurora, broken, at 9" P. M.
238 " 27. Strong Aurora, with bright flashes.
239 Mar. 16. Long bright beams of Aurora.
240 " 21. Aurora in evening, low and diffused.
241 " 28. Aurora, long beams of light.
242 " 29. Aurora in masses, at 9 h P. M.
243 April 20. Faint Aurora, at !> h P. M.
244 '* Yl. ."Strong Aurora, bright beams at 9 1 '.
245 " 23. Bright Aurora, at 9 h P. M.
246 May 1. Aurora at (.•veiling.
247 " 15. Aurora seen through broken clouds.
248 " 16. Aurora in streamers, at 9 h P. M.
249 " 19. Aurora low and faint, 9 h -10 h P. M,
250 June 12. ' Active and bright Aurora, very
changeable, undulating to the westward,
appearing to shoot this side of some cirro-
stratus clouds, at 9 h -10 h P. M.
251 13. Aurora, fine evening.
252 July 10. Aurora.
253 Sept.-13. Aurora in the evening, streamers
and wane cloud.
254 " 21. Aurora in the evening.
255 " 26. Bright auroral double arch, stream-
ers below, at 8 h 50 ra .
256 " 27. Streamers low, at 9* 1 5 ra P. M.
257 Oct. 18. Bright Aurora from 9 h to ll h P. M.
258 Nov. 20. Aurora at 10 h P. M.
1855.
259 Jan. 10. Aurora, at 9 h P. M., low.
260 Feb. 5. Diffused Aurora, at 9 h P. M.
261 " 6. A bright well defined auroral arch,
altitude of apex 6°, at 10 h 30 m .
262 " 12. Aurora amid cirro-stratus, at 9 h .
263 Mar. 12. Very bright Aurora, extremely ac-
tive, double arch, dark below, colored light,
most brilliant from 7 to 8 o'clock. By 10
o'clock it had subsided to a few streamers
and diffused light, with something resem.
bling cirro-stratus clouds low at the north.
AURORAS OBSERVED AT CAMBRIDGE.
264 Apr.
265 "
266
267
7. Aurora.
" 9. Aurora in the evening.
" 12. Fine auroral arch, apex 5°, broke
into streamers at 10 h P. M., dark below, clear.
" 14. Auroral strainers, faint, without arch,
at 9 h P. M.
268 Sept. 10. Bright Aurora, between wane clouds,
near the horizon.
269 " 17. Slight Aurora.
270 Oct. 9. Aurora.
271 Nov. 29. Aurora, from 6 h to 8 h P. M.
1856.
272 Mar. 30. Low diffused Aurora, at 9 h P. M.
273 Apr. 22. A bright Aurora at 9 h P. M., double
arch at 9 h 2" 1 , P. M., the exterior of the up-
per limb just touched a Cephei and a Lyra*.
Aug. 22. Bright Aurora, 3° high, some stream-
ers, at 9 h P. M.
" 31. A rare exhibition of auroral light at
10 h P. M. First, a regular arch of light,
faint and the apex 20° high. Below this arch,
broken masses of light, in form resembling cir^-
ro-stratus clouds, without streamers, the light
steady, or changing its form slowly. One
would suppose them to be cirro-stratus clouds,
but that the stars Capella etc. shone with
undiminished splendor though them.
Oct. 4. Bright Northern Lights, streamers,
broken arch 5°.
Nov. 20. Aurora low at 11" P. M., none at 7 h ,
and 9 h .
274
275
276
277
1857.
278 Feb. 26. At evening, Aurora for the first time,
height of apex 4°, arched.
279 Sept. 7. Aurora in the evening, low arch 3°.
280 " 8. Aurora low, at evening.
281 " 10. Bright Aurora, streamers rising from
a bank of cirro-stratus clouds.
282 ,Nov. 9. Aurora, low and diffused.
283 " 17. Aurora,
284 Dec. 18. Patches of Aurora forming and
solving rapidly.
285 " 20. Bright Aurora in the evening.
1858.
Jan. 8. Bright Aurora, active.
" 12. Some traces of Aurora at evening.
Feb. 16. Aurora very bright and active, 8 h .
289 Mar. 13. Aurora at evening, irregular arch,
dark below.
292 " 14.
293 " 15.
294 May 7.
at 9 h P.
295 July 1.
296 " 5.
297 Aug. 30.
"298 " 31.
300
290 April 10. Active Aurora, apex 10°, dark in-
tervening clouds, at 9 h P. M.
291 " 11. Aurora at night.
Diffused Aurora, at 9 h P. M.
Evening, Aurora diffused.
Strong Aurora between the clouds,
M.
Aurora at 9 h P. M., radiating.
Aurora low.
Aurora bright, in the evening.
A bright Aurora, a strong beam of
light from 9 h to 10 u , N. N. E.
299 Sept. 1. Low auroral arch, about 5°, no
streamers.
" 7. Bright auroral arch, apex having
altitude of 10°, somewhat diffused, with short
streamers, dark cirro-stratus clouds below.
Low diffused auroral light.
A faint trace of Aurora, at 9 h P. M.
Bright but low auroral arch.
Auroral aVch, low.
Aurora, low and bright.
At evening, Aurora, in clouds.
Auroral arch, faded before 1 h P. M,,
altitude about 15°, well defined.
Aurora, eveniug, cir. stratus below.
Aurora low and diffused, with clouds.
Brilliant Aurora, noble arch. No co-
rona, streamers of deep red, at 8 h P. M.
Aurora, diffused, bright all evening..
Traces of Aurora at evening.
Slight Aurora.
Faint Aurora at evening.
Auroral streamers, at 8 h P. M.
1859.
316 Feb. 22. Fine Aurora, deeply rose tinted,
soon disappeared and the sky clouded over.
317 " 23. Slight Aurora.
318 Apr. 29. Bright Aurora, the arches being
perfectly formed, streamers and flashes of
lit beyond the zenith. Lasted till late.
y 28. Bright Aurora in the evening.
;i ;. 28. Fine Aurora, perfect arch at the
south, with rose-colored streamers at the east
321 " 29. The telegraph worked by the Aurora
this evening, o'i the line between Boston and
Portland, for two hours, with a power e<
to 75 or 100 of Grove's cups.
322 Sept. 2. Am-ora of an exquisite rose color a
A. M.. in the east and south. At 9 h 1'. '
301
" 8.
302
" 9.
303
" 12.
304
" 14.
305
Oct. 2
306
" 4.
307
" 8.
308
aitituc
" 9.
309
"10.
310
" 27.
rona, s
311
" 31.
312 Nov. 1.
313
" 10.
314
Dec. 1.
315
" 24.
8
AURORAS OBSERVED AT CAMBBIDGE.
323
324
325
327
328
329
330
21.
331 Dec. 14.
Aurora very active. From 10 h to ll h P. M.,
fine double arch at the north.
Sept. 24. Aurora, at 9 h P. M.
" 27. Slight Aurora.
" 28. Aurora, very fine from 9 h to ll h .
326 Oct. 1. Aurora dimly visible through the
clouds, at 9 h 1'. M.
" 12. Remarkable auroral arch iu south
from 6 h to 7 h P. M.
" 18. Aurora, at 9" P. M.
" 20. Active Aurora, early in the evening.
Aurora, at 9 h P. M.
Fine Aurora seen yesterday morn-
ing between 5 and 6 o'clock.
1860.
332 Jan. 15. Fine rosy Aurora, from 8 h to 9 h .
333 Mar. 27. Very brilliant Aurora, of a rich red
334 Apr. 13. Aurora at 9 h P. M. ; very active la
ter in the evening.
335 "14. Aurora, at 9 h P. M.
Aurora last night, in the horizon.
Slight Aurora, at 9 h P. M.
Active Aurora, at 9 U P. M^.
Aurora.
Active Aurora, at S h P. M.
Brilliant auroral arch, at 9 h P. If.
Fine rosy Aurora, from 8 h to 9 b .
1861.
Slight Aurora.
Aurora, at 9 h P
Aurora, at 9 h P.
Aurora, at 8" P.
Aurora, at 9 h P. 31.
Aurora, at 9 h P. M.
Aurora.
1863.
Fine auroral display. At precisely
M., a remarkable and very bright
band from near the horizon, on either side,
passed exactly through our zenith and
within 4° of Arcturus. It moved slowly to
the south. Observed at Newburyport at the
same time. J. H. S. 6aw the same, or nearly
the same band, reform about 12 h 20 m .
1864.
*351 June 7. Aurora.
352 Sept. 20. Aurora visible in early twilight
At 7\ a band about 7° wide extended from
W. N. W. across* the zenith to E. S. E. At
7 h 20 m , two arches, the highest 15 c above N
horizon, connected by streamers.
*353 Nov. 19. Aurora.
336 May 11.
337 " 23.
338 July 19.
339 Sept. 6.
340 Oct. 11.
341 Nov. 4.
342 Dec. 15.
343 Jan. 13.
'344 " 22.
345 " 31.
346 Feb. 27.
347 Mar. 9.
348 Apr. 8.
349 Aug. 4.
350 Apr. 9.
9 h P.
. M.
M.
M.
Red.
1866.
Jan. 8. Slight Aurora, at 9 b .
" 1G. Aurora, from 6 h to I0 h .
" 27. Slight Aurora.
Feb. 16. Low arch, at 9\
Mar. 5. Aurora, at I0 h .
" I! Annua from 9 h to 12\ brilliant in X.
" 18. Arch from east to west, at ll h .
Apr. 16. Slight Aurora in north.
" 17. Slight Aurora in north.
May 3. Aurora, at 10" 30 m .
" 14. Aurora, at 10 h .
June 15. Aurora low in the north, at 1 l h 30"'.
July 12. Aurora from ll h to 12 h .
Sept. 6. Slight Aurora, at 10 h .
" 12. Aurora, at 10 h .
Oct. 3. Aurora, feeble and low.
" 4. Aurora, feeble and low.
1867.
*371 May 2. Slight Aurora.
*372 " 4. Slight Aurora.
*373 " 27. Aurora. Bright at 10\
*374 July 28. Aurora.
*375 Sept. 21. Bright Aurora.
*376 " 23. Aurora.
1 *377 " 25. Slight Aurora.
|*378 " 26. Aurora.
1868.
*379 March 19. Slight Aurora, at 10 h ".
| *380 " 24. Slight Aurora, at 10 h .
1 *381 April 13. Bright Aurora, at ll h .
♦382 " 17. Slight Aurora, at 10" 30 m .
*383 " 18. Aurora in the north during the
evening. Arch low. About 10 h , streamers.
*384 May 12. Aurora at IP.
*354
*355
*356
*357
*358
*359
•360
*361
♦362
*363
*364
*365
*366
♦367
♦368
♦369
*370
II.
On the Periodicity of the Aurora Borealis.
BY JOSEPH LOVERING,
HOLLIS PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL PniLOSOFIIT IN HARVARD COLLEGE.
Communicated, December 6, 18G4.
The object of this memoir is to present a catalogue of auroras from the earliest
observed down to the present epoch, and upon this catalogue, as a foundation, to recon-
struct the laws of periodicity of the phenomenon. For the observations prior to 1750,
I am indebted, principally, to Mairan's first and second catalogues ; the latter itself being
compiled, for the most part, from numerous smaller catalogues existing in his day. 1 I
have introduced, however, many additional observations in high latitudes, ruled out by
Mairan, in accordance with the plan of his work; as well as some old auroras brought
to light by the investigations of Quetelet, Boguslawski, and Chasles, or by my own
researches.
For the last century I have used the following materials : 390 auroras observed at
Cambridge, Mass., between 1742 and 1793 by Winthvop or Wigglesworth ; 316 auroras
observed at the same place, between 1840 and 1864, by W. C. Bond or G. P. Bond or
myself; 36 auroras observed at Boston, Mass., between 1818 and 1840, by Hale; 198
auroras observed at Salem, Mass., between 1786 and 1820, by Holyoke : — all published
first by myself. I have also compiled, from their original places of publication, 212
auroras observed at Worcester, Mass., between 1839 and 1862, by Woodward, Chandler,
or Bemis; 160 auroras observed at Providence, R I., between 1832 and 1860, by Cas-
well ; 74 auroras observed at Burlington, Vt., in 1852 and 1853, by Thompson ; 89
1 Mairan's first catalogue consists of 229 auroras. His second catalogue of 2137 observed auroras, of which 1441 are inde
pendent of each other, comprises Frobes's catalogue of "96 auroras observed between 583 and 1739. To these are added Deliste's
catalogue of 233 auroras observed at St. Petersburg between 1 726 and 1 736 ; Celsius's catalogue of 384 auroras observed in Sweden
between 1716 and 1732; Kirch's catalogue of 106 auroras observed at Berlin between 1707 and 1735 ; Weidler's catalogue of 91
auroras observed at WiUemberg between 1730 and 1751; the catalogue of Zanoiti and Beccari which contains 88 auroras,
observed in Italy between 1727 and 1751 ; Short's catalogue of 148 ancient auroras ; Kirch's catalogue of 89 auroras observed
between 1549 and 1657 ; and 202 auroras compiled by Mairan himself from the Transactions of the Royal Society of Loudon.
VOL. X. 2
10 ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
auroras observed at St. Martin, Canada, in 1853 and 1804, by Smallwood ; 53 auroras ob-
served at Wilmington, Del., between 1827 and 1833, by Gibbon ; 218 auroras observed at
Newberry, Vt., between 1830 and 1862, by Jobnson; 3S9 auroras observed at Toronto,
Canada, 169 at Quebec, 107 at London, Canada, 151 at Newfoundland, between 1848
and 1851, by Lefroy, &c. ; x 84 auroras observed at Jena, Germany, between 1770 and
1796, by Zeissing ; 341 auroras observed at Stockbolm, Sweden, between 1783 and 1792,
by Nicander; 942 auroras observed at St. Petersburg, between 1736 and 1861, by va-
rious Russian meteorologists ; 231 auroras observed at Brussels, Belgium, between 1778
and 1851, by Mann, Quetelet, &c. ; 634 auroras observed at Upsal, Sweden, between
1732 and 1762, by Celsius, Ferner, or Bergman; 225 auroras observed at Berlin,
Prussia, between 1735 and 1789, by Beguelin; 10S auroras observed in Paris, France,
between 1784 and 1842, by Cassini or Bouvard; 175 auroras observed af Montinorenci
or Laon, France, between 1771 and 1805, by Cotte ; 81 auroras observed at Spydberg,
&c, Norway, between 17S4 and 17S7, by Wilse ; 240 auroras observed at Sagan,
Prussia, between 1781 and 1792, by Preuss; 288 auroras observed in Scandinavia, &c,
between 1837 and 1840, by Lottin, Thomas, &c. ; 216 auroras observed at Mannheim,
Germany, between 1781 and 1792, by Hemmer; 48 auroras observed at Copenhagen, Den-
mark, between 17S2 and 1788, by Bugge; 54 auroras observed at Ratisbon, Germany,
by Heinrich, and 47 auroras observed at Prague, Austria, by Strnad, between 1781 and
1791. With these I have united Loomis's catalogue of S13 auroras observed at New
Haven, Conn., between 1763 and 1S54, by Stiles or Herrick; Hough's catalogue, of 1205
auroras observed in the State of New York, between 1820 and 1851 ; Leche's catalogue
of 119 auroras observed at Abo, Finland, between 1749 and 1762 ; 2 Argelander's
catalogue of 163 auroras observed at Abo, between 1823 and 1831, and at Helsingfors,
between 1832 and 1837; Hallstrom's catalogue of 682 auroras observed at Abo,
between 1748 and 1S2S, and at Helsingfors, between 1829 and 1843; Block's catalogue
of 430 auroras observed at Gothaab, Greenland, between 1841 and 1S46 ; Noodt's
catalogue of 91 auroras observed at Hammerfest, Norway, between 1850 and 1861 ;
Dalton's catalogue of 250 auroras observed at Kendall or Keswick, England, between
1786 and 1793, and his catalogue of 185 auroras observed in Great Britain and
Ireland, between 1794 and 1834 ; Huxham's catalogue of 120 auroras observed at
Plymouth, England, between 1728 and 1748 ; Broun's catalogue of 184 auroras
observed at Makerstoun, Scotland, between 1843 and 1849 ; Stevenson's catalogue of
238 auroras observed at Dunse, North Britain, between 1838 and 1847 ; 3 Hansteen's
i Phil. Mag., Fourth Scries, IV. 61-63. 2 Svenska Vetensk. Acad. XXIV. 267.
5 Proc. Royal Society, London, VI. 291. Phil. Mag., Fourth Series, VI. 21.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS. 11
catalogue of 534 auroras observed at Christiania, Norway, between 1837 and 1853 ;
Rudolph's catalogue of 185 auroras observed at Jakobshavn, Greenland, between 1840
and 1S51 ; Eisenlohr's catalogue of 87 auroras observed at Carlsruhe, Germany,
between 1779 and 1831 ; and Cotte's catalogue of 231 auroras observed at Franeker,
Holland, between 1771 and 1781, by Van Swinden. Much assistance has been found
in Force's notices of auroras published in the Smithsonian Contributions. No great
use could be made of Boue's learned catalogue on account of the confusion of old and
new style, the substitution of the number of auroras in a month for the day of the
month, and other numerous inaccuracies in the compilation and printing of this
catalogue. It is not necessary to refer to the general catalogues or tables of Arago,
Quetelet, 1 Kamtz, 2 Muncke, Bertholon, Reuss, or to the Collection Academique, as they
contain little not derived from older sources already enumerated.
I have also made a laborious examination of the publications of the English, Swc
French, German, Russian, Austrian, and Italian Academies, and of the Journals of those
countries, and have collected from these and other sources, as travels, Arctic voyages,
histories, &c, numerous examples of auroras which have entered into no former
catalogue. The name of the country where an aurora is observed, when known, is
printed in italics. The name of the observer is addetj if possible, and also that of the
author of the printed record, with such other authorities and references as may be
convenient for the student. An attempt has also been made to reduce the date of
each observation, when given in old style, to the Gregorian reckoning. But this task is
beset with great difficulties.
In 1780 Van Swinden 3 submitted to the Royal Academy of Sciences of Paris the
prospectus of a " Plan d'un Traite sur 1'Aurore Boreale, pour servir de suite a celui de
M. de Mairan." Van Swinden informs the public that it was within his power to insert
many auroras which Mairan had overlooked, — partly drawn from printed books, but
especially derived from two manuscript collections which had been given to him, —
the first of 170 auroras observed at Breda by Eckhard, between 1719 and 1740, for
which he was indebted to the son of the observer (of these auroras there are G4
which are not found in the catalogue of Mairan) ; and the second of G4 auroras
observed in North Holland, between 1741 and 1749, which Van Swinden received
from Engelman. Van Swinden also promised some observations on auroras made
during a maritime voyage, in 1741, which he had in manuscript. He also proposed
to extend Mairan's catalogue from 1751 to 1778, by adding printed and manuscript
1 Sur la Physique du Globe, par Quetelet. 3 Lehrbuch der Meteorologie, III. 46*.
8 Rozier, Observations sur la Physique, XV. 128-134.
12 ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
observations, partly made by himself and partly obtained from his brother, at La Haye,
and by Engelman, at Amsterdam. Van Swinden lived until 1823, and yet, to the grief
of science, he does not appear to have carried his plan into successful execution.
In regard to Mairan's chronology Van Swinden offers the following criticism : —
" Le troisieme objet qui nous occupera sera de rectifier les erreurs qu'il nous paroit que de Mairan a commis.
Xous ne pretendons pas rabaisser par-la le me'rite de ee savant illustre : il est bien plus aise de rectifier quelques inad-
vertances, que de debrouiller un chaos de plus de deux mille observations. Ces erreurs proviennent toutes d'une seule
source : de la reduction de l'ancien style au nouveau. La table donnee par M. Frobe's sert de base a celle de M. de
Mairan. Or M. de Mairan a cru (p. 468) que M. Frobe's s'est servi de 1' ancien style, tant avant qu' apres la reforma-
tion du Calendrier : et en consequence il a avance toutes les dates, qui se trouvent dans la table du physieien allemand
de onze jours pour ce siecle, et a proportion pour les siecles precedens. Mais on peut prouver tant par toute la contex-
ture de la table de M. Frobe's que par ses propres paroles (page 35 de son ouvrage ') qu'il a employe" le nouveau style
au moins la plupart du temps et pour les observations d'AUemagne, pays dans les Etats Protestants 'uquel on sait que le
nouveau style est en usage depuis le commencement de ce siecle. Cette inadvertance de M. de ..iairan l'a conduit a
deux erreurs essentielles : la premiere, que les dates des aurorcs boreales, rnentioniie'es par M. Frobe's, et tirees de son
ouvracrc par M. de Mairan, se trouvent, pour ce siecle, trop avance'es de onze jours. La seconde, qu'on trouve souvent
un double emploi de la meme aurore boreale, si ellc se trouve eitee par M. Frobe's et par quelqu' au're autcur. Par ex-
ample, l'aurore boreale du 16 d'Octobre 1719, se trouve au 16 de ce mois, suivant l'obscrvation de M. Kirch; et Ton en
trouve une autre au 27 du meme mois, qui est celle que M. Frobe's a rapportee au 16, et qui M. de Mairan a place'e au
•27 par le changement de style, Voila done une seule aurore boreale reellement employee deux fois. Xous nous trou-
vons done oblige's de refondre entierement la Table chronologique et d'y mettre toute l'exactitude dont nous serons
capables."
This is the passage in Mairan's treatise to which Van Swinden refers : —
" M. Frobe's et la plupart des Auteurs ou il a puise, ayant suivi l'ancien style dans leur dates, tant avant qu' apres la
reformation du calendrier, j'ai ete oblige de ramencr au nouveau toutes ceUes que M. Frobe's n'y a pas ramenees : et cela
non seulement pour la commodite du plus grand nombre des Lecteurs, mais surtout, parce que le nouveau style est
conforme a l'etat du Ciel, et que l'ancien ne Test pas, et s'en ecarte considerablement, depuis le I V me siecle. 5 "
It appears from the sentence I have partly italicised that Van Swinden is mistaken
when he says that Mairan has advanced all the dates given by Frobes, as if they had
been given by the latter in old style? In many cases Frobes has specified the style
which he adopts, and it is sometimes according to the Julian and at other times accord-
ing to the Gregorian calendar : and in these plain cases Mairan has committed no error.
Moreover, in Maraldi's observations, where the style is not specified, but where it must
1 Van Swinden probably alludes here to the followiug passage of Frobes, found not on page 35, but on page 95. " Studio Suecicas
et Germanicas luminis borei observationes ab invicem disjungimus : siquidem ipsarum tempora, propter styli seu calendarii diversita-
tem, baud omnino congruunt. Facta autem styli utriusque comparatione, quoties phenomena Suecica cum rcliquis coinciderint
explorari baud diffieulter poterit. Ceterum observari quoque hie meretur ea pha;nomena qua; Decembr. m. d. XX I. et seq. in
Sueeia contingunt, apud eos qui stylo novo seu calendario emeiidato utuntur ad annum proxime sequentem referri oportere.
2 Traite Physique et Historique de 1' Aurore Bore'ale, p. 468. See, also, pp. 188, 189.
* Nova et antiqua Luminis atque Aurora; Borealis Spectacula, pp. 57, 58, 71-94, 95-98, and 100-118.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS. 13
have been known to Mairan, no change has been made, as in the auroras of April 11, 12,
and 13, of Dec. 15 and 1G, 1716 ; of April 6, 9, 10, and 11, 1717 ; of Feb. 6 and 10, of
Nov. 29, 1720 ; of Feb. 17, 23, and 28, 1721. 1 In other cases there is no doubt that
Mairan has occasionally been led into error by advancing dates already expressed in
the new style. No copy of Frobes's book could be found in this country, and I did not
succeed in obtaining a copy from Europe until the printing of my own catalogue had
proceeded too far to allow me to introduce any changes. It is to be understood, there-
fore, that the dates here attached to Frobes's auroras are the same as those adopted by
Mairan, unless it is specially stated to the contrary.
Although the catalogue of auroras, which I now present to the public, comprise.*
nearly 10,000 independent auroras, and more than 50,000 observations, I do not claim
that it has exhausted the supply. On the contrary, I can myself poiut out some of i f s
deficiencies. It is well known that Musschenbroek observed the aurora durino- 29
o
years at Utrecht and Leyden, and collected a catalogue of 720 auroras. In one of his
works 2 he has arranged these auroras according to the months in which they ap-
peared ; but the individual observations, so far as I am aware, have never been pub-
lished. A laborious meteorologist 3 of the last century has stated that he possessed in
manuscript the observations of Musschenbroek, and that he intended to publish them
with others in a third volume of Memoirs ; which, however, never appeared. .A s
Musschenbroek has classified his auroras according to the months of the year, they
are available in the study of the annua} changes of the aurora ; it is to be regretted that
they cannot also be used in the investigation of those fluctuations which observe longer
periods. Of the different countries which have contributed to swell the grand capital
of auroral observations, Russia, always devoted to meteorology and the physics of the
globe, stands foremost ; an almost uninterrupted series of auroras having been regularly
observed and published at St. Petersburg, since the foundation of the Imperial Academy
of Sciences in 1726.
Not finding the published record of auroras for St. Petersburg so complete in recent
years as formerly, I wrote to M. Kupffer, Director of the Central Physical Observatory
of Russia, requesting to be furnished with full materials. In reply to my inquiries I
received from Kupffer a table, w^hich contains, as he says, the auroras observed in Russia
between the years 1841 and 1861 inclusive. 4 Kupffer remarks that the aurora borealis
always announces its presence by very strong oscillations of the magnetic needle, which
1 Frobes, Nova et Aiiiqna Luminis atque Amorx Borealis Spectacula, pp. 79, 81, 89, and 90.
2 Cours de Physique, 24S9.
3 Cotte's Me'moires snr la Me'te'orologie, I. 366 and II. 169. Also, Jonrn. de Phys. LXX. 168 and LXXJII. 153.
4 It is incorporated in my Yearly and Monthly Table for St. Petersburg, pp. 186, 1ST of this Memoir.
14 ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
it is impossible to confound with the irregular oscillations by which it is sometimes
affected, and in the recurrence of which Sabine has discovered a striking periodicity.
These strong and irregular disturbances are repeated over the whole line of Magnetic
Observatories from St. Petersburg to Nertchinsk, so that a table, derived from the
registers of St. Petersburg, is likewise adapted to the other observatories. In many
localities the heavens may be shut in by clouds and the auroras not visible, when their
presence is suspected from the oscillations of the needle.
Idelcr, in his " Meteorologia Veterum Gfrcecorum ct Romanorum, p. 49," devotes a few
pages to the investigation of "Aurora? borealis apud veteres vestigia." Ideler makes
the following criticism upon the supposed allusions of Aristotle to the aurora :
•• Aristoteles describit phenomena, qua? xaafiara, (ioQwovc, nai aiuarudt) xpupaTa voeat. Quale intelligenduni sit pheno-
menon, re vera dictu est difficillirnurn. Itaque, priusquam do ipso agimus, quantum fieri potest accuratam descriptionem
ex ipsius verbis eruere conemur. Phenomena nou nisi node serena eerni, incensionem flarmna? ardori similem esse, com-
paravi posse splendorem cum flamma per fumum visa, dieit ; denique non longo temporis spatio in eoelo remanere. Colo-
res gigni refractione luminis in erassiore aijre eenset, exemplum aflerens rubicunduni stellaram orientium et occidcntium
colorem, potissimum vero cminere puniceum et pm-pureum, quia crcruleus cum atro confundatur et vix discerni queat.
Multi de aliis rebus eogitaverunt, nos nou dubitamus quia auroras boreales intellexcrit Aristoteles (quarum fortasse nul-
lam suis ipse oculis eonspexit) imprimis verbis eommoti : Omnino in teneoris albus color tot prabel variolates, ut ftammam per
fumum adspicere tibi videaris: quie ad borealis aurora? speciem proxime aecedunt. Diffieultates tamen remanent plures;
prior, cur Aristoteles non dixerit, ejus modi phenomena in boreali tantum plaga oriri, immo in libro de mundo (si omnino
illius auetor est, qua iu re video dissentire grammaticos) dieat id rarissime tantum versus meridiem et septemtriones oriri ;
altera deinde iu verbis : Interdiu Sol cohibet, noctu vero, excepto una colore puniceo, reliqui propter eundem fere cceli colo-
rem non apparent, cum tamen boreales aurora? omnes prismaticos colores prrcbeant." '
Ideler quotes the following lines from Lucan's Pharsalia, I. 526 : —
" Ignota obscura? viderunt sidera noctes
Ardentemque polum flammis, cseloque volantes
Obliquas per inane faces, crinenque tremendi
Sideris, et terris mutantem regna cometen.
He also adduces the following passage from Tacitus : 2 —
" Sonum insuper audiri, formas deorum et radios capitis adspiei persuasio adjicit."
The lines quoted in the Annals of Philosophy, IX. 250, do not appear to me to refer
to the aurora.
Armorum sonitum toto Germania caelo
Audiit. 3
1 See Aristotle's Meteorol., Lib. I. Cap. 5. Also, Ideler's Aristotelis Meteorologicorum Libri, I. 374 and II. 330.
8 Germania, Cap. XLV. s Virgil, Georgic. I. 474.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS. 15
Milman 1 makes the following allusion to the aurora which appeared in the summer
of 167 B. C. : —
" The doom of the city bad not been without its portent. Early in the year the heavens had been ablaze with what
appeared horsemen in cloth of gold, tilting at. each other, with the flash of swords and bucklers. The wild tumult in the
sky lasted for forty nights."
Milman draws his description from this passage in Maccabees : —
" And then it happened that through all the city, for the space almost of forty days, there were seen horsemen running
in the air, in cloth of gold, and armed with lances, like a band of soldiers, j And troops of horsemen in array, encounter-
ing and running one against another, with shaking of shields, and multitude of pikes, and drawing of swords, and casting
of darts, anil glittering of golden ornaments and harness of all sorts." 2
Milman adds, in a note : —
'■ In my younger days I described an Aurora Borealis, I had myself seen it, in lines which might seem to be, but were
not, taken from the book of Maccabees.
" Forth springs an arch,
O'erspanning with its crystal pathway pure
The starry sky : as though for Gods to march,
With show of heavenly warfare daunting earth,
To that wild revel of the northern clouds :
They now with broad and bannery light distinct
Stream in their restless waverings to and fro, . . .
Anon like slender lances bright start up,
And cross and clash, with hurtle and with flash
Tilting their airy tournament.
Samor, Book III. p. 42."
Milman also alludes to this passage in Humboldt's Cosmos: 3
"Mit nicht geringer Wahrscheinlichkeit kann man vermuthen, dass das merkwiirdige von der Erde pyramidal aufstei-
gende Licht, welches man auf der Ilochebene von Mexico 1509, vierzig Nachte lang, am ostlichen Himmel beobachtete
und dessen Erwahnung ich in einem alt-aztekischen Manuscripte der Konigliche Pariser BibUothek, im Codex Telleriano-
Remensis, aufgefunden, das Thierkreislicht war."
In the book of Job, 4 an early allusion is supposed to have been made to the aurora
borealis :
" And now men see not the bright light which is in the clouds : but the wind passeth and cleanseth them.
Fair weather corneth out of the north : with God is terrible majesty."
1 History of the Jews. Third Edition, I. p. 461. 2 Second of Maccabees. V. 2d and 3d vereet.
8 Kosmos, I. 145. See also Plutarch's Lives, III. 124. Marius. * Job XXXVII. 21 and 22.
16
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Dr. G. R. Noyes translates these verses thus :
" Men cannot look upon the light,
When it is bright in the skies,
AVhen the wind hath passed over them and made them clear,
And a golden brightness cometh from the sky, —
But with God is terrible majesty."
On this passage Dr. No}-es has made these comments in a note :
"And a golden brightness: literally gold; — from the sky: literally, from the North. Hence some have supposed the
northern lights, or aurora borealis, to be referred to. But it is more probable that the Northern, or upper hemisphere,
stands for the whole firmament here, as in Chap. xxvi. 7. I suppose the reference is to the dazzling brightness reflected
from the skies when the sun is in the meridian. The light, mentioned without any special application, seems naturally to
refer to the light of the sun. This light also dazzles the eve more than that of the aurora borealis."
GENERAL CATALOGUE OF AURORAS.
B. C.
502.
465.
U
4C3.
it
4G1.
460.
443.
394.
350.
334.
237.
223.
U
217.
Obsequens, 1 Lycosthenes, 2 and Frobes. 3
Livy, Obsequens, Frytschius, 4 Frobes.
Lycosihenes, Chasles, 5 Boguslawski.
Livy, Obsequens, and Lycosthenes.
Frobes, Chasles, and Boguslawski.
Obsequens, Lycosthenes, Frobes, 6 and Chasles.
Lycosthenes, Chasles, Boguslawski.'
Alliens. Nihusius, 8 Frobes.
Pliny, 9 Calvisius, 10 Frobes.
Frytsehius, 11 Frobes, Chasles, Lycosthenes.
Egypt. Lycosthenes, Frobes, 12 and Chasles.
Thuscia. Lycosthenes, 13 Frobes, and Chasles.
Thuscia. Obsequens and Lycosthenes.
Fiytschius, Frobes, Chasles, and Bogusl.
Rome, Sicily, Prceneste. Obsequens.
" Livy, Lycosthenes, 14 and Frobes.
1 DeProdigiis, Cap. IX.
2 Prodigioium ac Ostentoram Chronicon, p. 70.
8 Nova et antiqua Lurainis atque Aurora; Borealis Spectacula.
4 Catalogus Prodigiorum.
6 Compt. Rend., XII. 499. Nouv. Me'm. de l'Acad. Brux., XV.
51.
6 Boguslawski says they were in the years 463, 461, and 460.
7 Pogg. Ann. Bd. XC. Erganzungsband IV. p. 62. Livy, III.
10. Boguslawski says it was in the year 458.
8 De Divinatione Sacra et Profana, Lib. VII. Cap. VII.
9 Historia Nat. Mundi, Lib. II. Cap. XXVII.
10 Opus Chronologicum.
" Pliny, Historia Nat. Mundi, Lib. II. Cap. XXVII.
12 Vincentius, Speculum Naturale ['.), Lib. V. Cap. LV.
13 He quotes Cassiodorus. Boguslawski gives the year 236.
14 Boguslawski gives the year 214.
B. C.
208. Lycosthenes, 15 Chasles, and Boguslawski.
204. Selia. Livy and Obsequens.
" Lycosthenes, Peucer, 16 and Frobes.
203. Anagnia. Livy, Obsequens, Peucer, Frobes.
" Lycosthenes, Chasles, and Boguslawski.
202. Nihusius and Frobes.
200. Lvcania. Obsequens and Lycosthenes. 17
" Frobes, Chasles, and Boguslawski.
175. Gabii. Livy and Obsequens.
" Lycosthenes and Boguslawski.
173. Lunuvium. Livy, Obsequens, and Frobes.
" Lycosthenes and Boguslawski.
160. Anagnia. Obsequens and Lycosthenes.
" Peucer, Frobes, and Boguslawski.
168. Seneca, Lycosthenes, and Frobes. 18
167. Lavinium. Obsequens, Lycosthenes, and Frobes.
166. Lanuvium. Obsequens and Lycosthenes.
" Frobes and Boguslaw ki. ?
163. Capua. Formia. Obsequens.
" Lycosthenes, Frobes, and Boguslawski. 19
162. Anagnia. Obsequens and Lycosthenes.
" Frobes and Boguslawski.
136. Prceneste. Obsequens, Lycosthenes, Peucer.
1 5 He quotes Diodoius Siculus, VII. 161. Bibliothecse His-
torical, Lib. XVI.
16 Commentarius de Pracipuis Divinationum Generibus, p. 345.
i" Boguslawski gives the year 197.
18 Maccab. Bk. II., Ch. 5, verses 2 and 3. Edin. New Phil.
Journ., XLVII. 148.
i 9 Bogcslawski gives the year 160.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
17
136. B. C. Nihusius, Frolics, and Boguslawski.
133. Nihusius and Frobes.
128. Obsequens, Lyeosthenes, Frobes.
113. Obsequens, Lyeosthenes, and Frobes. 1
103. Ameria. Obsequens and Lyeosthenes.
" Tudertum. Frobes and Bogusluwski. 2
94.? Vesta. Obsequens and Lyeosthenes.
" Frobes and Boguslawski.
93. Vulsinum. Lyeosthenes.
" Frobes and Boguslawski.
92. Obsequens and Lyeosthenes.
" Frobes and Boguslawski.
G3. Obsequens, Lyeosthenes, Frobes, Boguslawski.
1 7. ? Obsequens, Lyeosthenes, and Frobes.
14. A. D. Seneca, 3 Frobes.
" Lyeosthenes, Wolffius. 4
20. ? Seneca, Frobes. 6
27. ? Fincelius, Liebknecht, 6 and Frobes.
31.? Seneca,' Frobes.
50. Lyeosthenes, Frobes.
65. April 8. Jerusalem. Lyeosthenes, Frobes. 8
72. May 21. Chasles. 9 [Doubtful.]
162. Lyeosthenes and Chasles.
196. Lyeosthenes and Frobes.
384. Lyeosthenes and Frobes.
394. Pilgrara. 10 [Probably a comet.]
397.? Pilgram.
400. Lyeosthenes and Frytschius.
" Frobes and Chasles.
402. Frytschius and Frobes.
412.? Lyeosthenes and Chasles.
450. Pilgrara.
451. Pilgrara.
454. Lyeosthenes, Frytschius, and Frobes.
" Pilgram, Chasles, and Boguslawski.
462. ? Lyeosthenes and Frobes.
i Pliny, Historia Nat. Mnndi. Lib. II. Cap. XXXIII.
2 Pliny, Historia Nat. Lib. II. Cap. LVIII. (B. says 102.)
8 Naturales Qua:stiones. Lib. I. Cap. 1.
4 Lection. Memorab. Cent. XIV. p. 14.
6 It is doubtful whether this was an aurora.
6 Pharus sive de Prodigiis Ignis Cselest. p. 11.
7 Sub Tiberio Csesare cohortes in auxiliura Ostiensis eoloniae
cucurrerunt tanquam eonflagrantis. Qusest. Nat. I. 15. The
same mistake was made at Copenhagen in 1731, and a hundred
years later at Konigsberg. It was again repeated at New Orleans
in 1839, and in London in 1847. (See note 5, p. 20, right col.)
B He quotes Josephus, De Bello. Lib. VII. Cap. 12.
9 Chasles quotes from Lyeosthenes, but Boguslawski says he
cannot find the passage.
10 Untersuchungen iiberd. Wahrscheinliche d. Wetterkunde &c.
VOL. X. 3
480.
488.
501.
541.
552.
555. 2
Pilgram.
Berlin. Pilgrara.
Aug. 22. Edessa ? Frobes, Mairan, 1 Pilgram.
Pilgram.
Pilgram.
Lyeosthenes and Boguslawski.
556.? Lyeosthenes and Boguslawski. 8
560. Berlin. Pilgram.
563. Gregory, 4 Quetelet, 6 and Boguslawski.
564. Frytschius, Tylkowsky, 6 and Frobes.
566.' Pilgram.
567.? Lyeosthenes, Frobes, and Chasles.
570. Italy. Frytschius, Lyeosthenes.
" Frobes, Pilgram and Chasles.
Pilgram.
Paris. Gregory. Lyeosthenes.
Frobes, Pilgram and Perrey. 8
Pilgram and Perrey.
Feb. 4. Frobes, Mairan, 9 Pilgram, Acad. Coll. 10
Gregory, Frobes and Bertholon. 11
July. Gregory, Mairan, and Pilgram.
Sept. x. Gregory, Mairan, and Pilgrara.
" x. Gregory, Mairan, and Pilgram.
" x. Gregory, Mairan, and Pilgram.
Gregory ? Frytschius and Frobes.
Rome. Tylkowsky, Liebknecht, 12 Frobes.
Pilgram.
Lyeosthenes, Frobes, and Chasles.
Pilgram.
France. Frytschius and Frobes.
Frytschius and Frobes.
Rome. Frytschius, Lyeosthenes, Frobes.
Pilgram.
Pilgram.
Pilgram.
Pilgram.
1 Traite' Physique et Historique de 1 'Aurore Boreale, p. 180
Mairan places this aurora in the year 502.
2 Annals of Philosophy, IX. 250. Matthews, p. 101.
3 He quotes Sigebertus in Chronicon ab anno 381 ad 1113.
4 Gregorius Turonensis Historia Francorum. Lib. IV. Cap.
XXXI.
6 Mem. de l'Acad. Bruxelles, XV. 22.
6 Physica Curiosa, P. III. p. 246.
7 Probes describes a strange light seen this year, but it was not
probably an aurora.
8 Compt. Rend. XIV. p. 69.
9 Mairan quotes Gregoire de Tours. Hist, de France, Liv. VI.
p. 299. From the description it appeals to have been a meteor.
1° Collection Academique, P. Etrang. VI. 507.
11 Encyclopedlque Methodique — Physique 1.341.
i- Pharus sive de Prodigiis Ignis Cadcst, p. 32.
577.
580.
a
582.
583.
584.
585.
587.
595.
602.
603.
629.
654.
673.
676.
677.
752.
765.
775.
18
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
778.
Lyeosthenes and Frobes.
Mairan, Pilgram, and Acad. Coll.
Quetelet, 1 and Boguslawski.
Frytschius and Frobes.
Lyeosthenes, Frobes, and Chasles.
Ado, Frobes, and Pilgram.
Bouquet, Pilgram, and Quetelet.
Lyeosthenes, Frobes, Mairau, 2 and
Academical Collection.
Academical Collection.
Bouquet, Pilgram, and Quetelet.
Pilgram.
Pertz 3 and Quetelet.
Bouquet, Quetelet, and Boguslawski.
Pertz, Quetelet, and Boguslawski.
Bouquet, Pertz, and Pilgram.
Quetelet and Boguslawski.
Bouquet, Pertz, Quetelet, Bogusl.
Pertz, Bouquet, Quetelet, Bogusl.
Pertz, Bouquet, Quetelet, Bogusl.
Rome. Tylkowsky. Frobes.
Pertz, Bouquet, Quetelet, Bogusl.
Pertz, Bouquet, Quetelet, Bogusl.
Pilgram.
Leibnitz, 4 Frobes, Mairan, Pilgram.
Leibnitz, Frobes, Mairan, Pilgram.
Leibnitz, Frobes, Mairan, 5 Pilgram.
Bouquet, Pertz, Quetelet, Bogusl.
Pilgram.
Quetelet, Pilgram, Boguslawski.
Lyeosthenes, Frytschius, Frobes.
Mairan, Chasles, Boguslawski.
Bouquet, Quetelet, and Boguslawski.
Feb. 7. Bouquet, Duchesne, 8 Quetelet, Bogusl.
Pertz, Quetelet, and Boguslawski.
Quetelet 9 and Boguslawski.
■ance. Lyeosthenes, Mairan, Frobes.
1 He quotes Bouquet. Recueil des Historiens des Gaules.,
HI. 139 et V. 72.
: Mairan thinks it uncertain whether this appearance was in
808 or 809. Traite", p. 190.
3 Quetelet quotes his Monumenta Germanise Historicce, II. 226.
4 Miscellanea Berolinensia ad Incrementum Scient. I. 137.
5 Mairan quotes the Annals of St. Bertin for the Luminous
Phenomena of this year. Boguslawski ranks them as star-
showers.
6 Pendant plusieurs nuits le ciel est rouge comme du sang : &c.
7 This is the date to which Mairan reduces IV. Idus Aug.
8 Historian Francomm Scriptores. III. 474.
8 He quotes Reiffenberg. Me'm. de l'Acad. Brux. VII. 63.
786.
Dec.
800.
803.?
806.
807.
Mar. 3.
808.
Feb. 2.
U
" 2.
808.;
Aug. 14.
827.
828.
836.
839.
Feb.
U
Mar. 30.
840.
April 2.
U
." 2.
842.
Mar.
it
Mar. 18.
U
May 6.
u
X.
848.
Dec. 2.
840.
Jan. 2.
855.
Oct. 17.
859.
Aug.
U
Sept.
a
Oct.
8G1.
Mar. 10.
869.
870.
Bouquet,
871.
Aug. 14. 7
"
" 14.
917.
918.
Feb. 7. ]
919.
Feb. 7.
927.
March.
930.
Feb. 19.
930.
937.
Feb. 19.
Feb. 14.
940.? Dec.
956. Sept.
970.
978.
979.
992.
St
993.
Acad. Coll. Chasles, Boguslawski.
Bouquet, Duchesne, Pertz, Quetelet.
Bouquet, Quetelet and Boguslawski.
7. Frobes, 1 Mairan and Acad. Coll.
Lyeosthenes, Pilgram, and Boguslawski. 2
Oct. 28. Frytschius, Frobes, Mairan, 8 and P.
Nov. 2. Lyeosthenes, "Wolffius, and Frobes.
Zahn, Mairan, 4 Acad. Coll. and Quetelet.
Oct. 21. Pilgram.
Dec. Calvisius and Mairan.
Jan. 6. Short 5 and Mairan.
Leibnitz, Frobes, Mairan, Pilgram.
Lyeosthenes, Frobes, Mairan, Acad.
Frytschius, Frobes, Mairan, Acad.
Boue, 7 and Acad. Coll.
Lyeosthenes, Frobes, Mairan.
Pilgram, Acad. Coll. and Chasles. 8
Frytschius and Frobes.
Pilgram.
Godin, 9 Mairan, and Pilgram.
"Wolffius, Frobes, 10 and Mairan.
Pilgram and Acad. Coll.
Ingram 11 and Pilgram.?
Lyeosthenes, Frobes, Mairan, Acad.
Lyeosthenes, Frobes. Mairan. Acad.
Frytschius, Lyeosthenes, Frobes.
Short, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
19. u Italy. Lyeosthenes, Frobes, Mairan.
Pilgram, Acad. Coll. and Quetelet.
Frytschius and Frobes. (Doubtful.)
Lyeosthenes, Frobes, Mairan, Acad.
Lyeosthenes, Frobes, Pilgram, and Chasles.
Feb. 22. 14 Liege. Lyeosthenes and Frobes.
1 Baluzius. Chronic. Floriar. p. 305.
2 This is the appearance which Frobes assigns to the year 971.
3 Mairan (p. 191.), quotes Le Chronique Hirsaugiense de
1 'Abbe Tritheme. The date here given is probably in old style.
4 Mairan quotes the Chronique de Liechtenaw. ( Urspergen-
sis.) The original date is V. Kal. Nov.
6 A General Chronological History of the Air, Weather, etc.
II. 178.
6 Probably Old Style.
7 Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserl. Akad. Wien. XXII. 13.
8 Boguslawski is probably correct in not regarding this as an
aurora.
9 Mem. de l'Acad. Paris, 1723, p. 296. The date is probably
in old style.
10 In Chronico Urspergens. (Liechtenaw,) pp. 240 et 245.
11 The Saxon Chronicle, pp. 317-8.
12 This was a star-shower and not an aurora.
13 We may doubt with Boguslawski whether this was an aurora.
14 In Chronico Urspergens. (Liechtenaw,) p. 274.
u
Dec.
26. s
998.
Dec.
19.
1014.
Nov.
2.
it
Dec.
29.
1039.
it
April
12.
1041.
1093.
Jan.
13.
1095.
Feb.
24.
1096.
Mar.
9.
ii
u
9.
1098.
Sept.
29.
a
Oct.
3.
1099.
Mar.
2.
11()4.
1105.
Dec.
29.
1106.
Feb.
19. 1
ii
«
19.
1114.
1115.
Apri
24.
11 16. 18 Lyco
sthei
1117.
Feb.
22.
ON THE TERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
19
Mairan, Pilgram, and Acad. Coll.
Short.
Short.
Ingram. [Saxon Chronicle, p. 338.]
Palestine. Lycosthenes and Frobes. 1
Mairan, Acad. Coll. Chasles, Boguslawski.
Pilgram.
Lycosthenes, Mairan, 2 and Boue.
Lycosthenes, Frytschius, Frobes.
Ingram.
Ingram.
Pilgram.
Lycosthenes, Frobes, and Pilgram.
Chasles and Boguslawski.
Pilgram.
Canterbury? Gervasius.
Pilgram.
Short.
Short.
Short.
Baluzius, 4 Frobes, Mairan, Acad.
Pilgram, Pfaff, 5 Boguslawski.
Pilgram.
Frobes. 6
Pilgram.
Lycosthenes, Crornerus, 7 Frobes.
Mairan, Acad. Coll. Boguslawski.
Frytschius and Frobes.
Lycosthenes, Frobes, and Mairan.
Acad. Coll. Chasles, Boguslawski.
Lycosthenes, Chasles, and Bogusl.
Florence? Frobes, Mairan, Acad.
Lycosthenes, Frobes, 9 and Pilgram.
Chasles and Boguslawski.
Franciscus, Frobes, Mairan, Acad.
Franciscus, Frobes, and Mairan.
19. Pilgram and Acad. Coll.
1354. Mar. 9. Lycosthenes, Franciscus Frobes.
i Corapt. Rend. VII. 709.
2 Mairan quotes this example from Lycosthenes, but it is
probably the same as the aurora of Dec. 26, 111". Traite &c, p.
192.
3 Splendor magnus visus est in Cantuaria nocte media XIII.
Kal.Jan. Twysden's Decern. Scriptores. 1.1538.
* Miscellan. Chronicon Crcmonense. Lib. II. 307.
6 Wurtemberg Jahrbuch fur. Vaterland. Gescbichte. 1850. 1. 80.
6 Mairan does not rank this among the auroras.
7 De Rebus Gestis Polon. Lib. IX. This is the same aurora
as Boue' ascribes to Dec. 6.
8 Franciscus. Der Wunderreiche TJeberzug unsrer Nieder-
Welt &c.
9 See Traite de l'Aurore Boreale par Mairan, p. 183.
1117.
Feb.
22.
a
Nov.
X.
ft
Dec.
X.
ft
u
16.
1117.
Dec.
26.
u
Mairan, A
1118.
Jan.
13.
ft
Dec.
19.
1120.
Leod
'um.
1122.
Dec.
7.
1132.
Jan.
11.
1150.
1157.
ft
1180.
1188.
Dec.
20.
1192.
1193.
Jan.
ft
Feb.
u
Nov.
1200.
Aug.
19.
1203.
April
1.
1204.
1251.
12G2.
1269.
Dec.
13.
ft
a
13.
1280.
1307.
Mar.
6.
ft
ii
6.
1309.'
>
1325.
May
30.
1351.
Dec.
or 2.
ii
1352.
Oct.
30.
1353.
Aug.
19.
1531.
ft
1532.
1534.
it
1535.
Mairan and Acad. Coll.
Pilgram.
Frytschius, Lycosthenes, and Frolics.
Chasles and Boguslawski.
Pilgram.
Pilgram.
Lenzburff, &c. Lycosthenes, Frobes. 1
Mairan, Acad. Coll. and Boguslawski.
Mairan 2 and Pilgram.
Mairan and Pilgram.
Lucerne, Switz., Lycosthenes.
Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Lycosthenes, Frobes, Mairan, Acad.
Saxony. Lycosthenes.
Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Crornerus and Frobes.
Vienna and Erfurt. Lycosthenes. 4
Frobes, Mairan, Pilgram, Acad. Coll. Bogusl.
Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll. 5
Boue.
Westrich. Lycosthenes, Frobes.
Mairan, Pilgram, 7 and Acad. Coll.
Boue.
Ulyxihona. [Lisbon ?] Nihusius, Frobes.
Germany. Lycosthenes, Meurerus.
Frobes, Mairan, Acad. Coll. Boguslawski.
Lisbon, Portugal. Lycosthenes.
Frobes and Boguslawski.
Innspruck. Lycosthenes, Frobes, 8 Pilgram.
June 12. Schleswig, Holstein. Lycosthenes.
Finceleus, Frobes, 9 Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
May 26. Lausitz. Lycosthenes, Frobes.
" 26. Mairan, Acad. Coll. Boguslawski.
x. Weimar. Lycosthenes, Nihusius, Frobes.
1554.
Mar.
9.
1361.
Dec.
12.
1375.
ft
1399.
1437.
Mar.
16.
1446.
Feb.
5.
ii
u
5.
1461.
July
23.
1465.
Nov.
18.
1499.
May
30.
ft
u
30.
1514.
Jan.
22. 8
1518.
Jan.
3.
ft
u
3.
1518.
X.
1520.
Sept.
13.
ft
Frobes, 5
ft
Dec.
2.
1527. 6
Aug
11.
ft
Oct.
20.
ft
u
20.
ft
Dec.
11
1520.
X.
Uly
ft
Jan.
18
1 On this phenomenon Frobes remarks : " Dubium equidem,
nisi fallor, propter ipsius narrationis conditioncm, videtur, de-
beantne pro Aurora Boreali, an pro Tanpestate quidam snnora et
fiilgurante haberi, quorum hie mentio sit, nocturna ca-li spec-
tacula."
'- This date, probably in old style, is from the Chronique do
Louis XL, p. 12.
8 This was not probably an aurora.
4 Weidler. Commcntat. de Aurora Boreali, p. 64.
6 Urstisius Annal. Bas. Lib. VII. C. 9. and Wagner. Historia
Nat. Helvetia; Curiosa., p. 363.
6 Ejusmodi visa (acies in celo dimicantcs) scribit Melanca-
thon in Germania ab anno 1524 ad 1548 saepissime spectata.
Tylkowsky. PhyBica Curiosa. P. III., p. 176.
7 In Pilgram and the Acad. Coll. the date is Oct. II.
8 Fincelius. De Miraculis. Jonston. Thaumatographia
Natur. Class III. Cap. 12.
9 Teubner. De Armorum Militumque Simulacris, &c.
20
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
1536. Feb. 16. Spain. Fincelius, Lycosthenes.
« « 16. F robes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1537. Feb. 10. Italy. Fincelius, Lycosthenes, &c.
'" " 10. Frobes, Mairan and Acad. Coll.
1538. Germany. Lycosthenes, Frobes, 1 Pilgram.
1541. Jan. 3. Germany. Lycosthenes, &c.
" " 3. Frobes, Mairan. and Acad. Coll.
1.342. Wartemberg. Lycosthenes, WollBus.
" Frobes and Boguslawski.' 2
1543. May 13. Pfortzheim. Lycosthenes, Frobes.
" " 13. Mairan, Acad. Coll, Boguslawski. 3
1545. Feb. x. Saxony. Lycosthenes, Boguslawski.
" April 7. Poland. Lycosthenes, Franciscus, &c.
" " 7. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1546. Feb. 19. Meissen. Lycosthenes, Frobes.
" " 19. Mairan, Acad. Coll. Boguslawski.
" Hungary. Fincelius, Franciscus, Liebknecht.
1547. July 31. Helvetia. Lycosthenes, Fincelius.
« " 31. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" Oct. 10. Saxony. Lycosthenes, Fincelius.
" " 10. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1548. Nov. 15. Saxony. Decimator, 4 Milichius. 5
" " 15. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1549. April. Padua. Toaldo. 6
" Sept. 30. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1551. Feb. 6. Lisbon, Lycosthenes, Frobes.
" " 6. Mairan. Acad. Coll. Boguslawski.
" Sept. 11. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" Oct. 1. Wittemberg. Eberus, 7 Schmidt.
" Frobes, Fincelius, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1554. Feb. 10. Clialons. Lycosthenes, Frytschius.
" " 10. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" Aug. 2. Bohemia. Frytschius, Lycosthenes.
" " 2. Mairan, Pilgram, and Boguslawski.
" Aug. 14. Stolpen. Lycosthenes, Fincelius, B.
" Aug. 21. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1555. Mar. 22. Tlmringen. Lycosthenes, Frobes.
" " 22. Mairan, Acad. Coll. Boguslawski.
" Sept. 2. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1556. Jan. 20. Bavaria. Lycosthenes, Frobes.
" " 20. Mairan. Acad. Coll. Boguslawski.
" Sept. 14. Ciislrin. Fincelius and Lycosth.
" " 14. Mairan, Pilgram. Acad. Coll. B.
1 Maiolus. Dierum Canicularium, Colloq., 1.32.
2 Cardan. De Da:mon.
8 Schmidt. In Chron. Cygn., II. 337. Lehmann. In Chron.
Misu., p. 399.
4 Epit. Meteor., p. 27.
6 Comraentar. in Plinium. p. 209.
6 Rozier. Journ. de Ph\-s., &c, XXIV. 7-8.
' Calendario Histor., &c. Multi crederent ardere vicinum
pagum Teucheln.
1557. Mar. 26. Voiglland. Lehmann.
" ' " 26. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
'• Dec. 4. Italy. Franciscus.
" " 4. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1560. Feb. 11. London. Halley, 1 Pilgram.
" Bohemia and Saxony. Thompson, 2 Boguslawski.
" April 19. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1561. Jan. 6. Switzerland. Maraldi, 3 Pilgram.
" Germany. Acronius, Wagner, Frobes, 4 A. Coll.
" Jan. 6. 6 Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" " 7. Zurich, Switzerland. Wolf.
" Mar. 8. Msleben. Frobes, Mairan, A. Coll.
" " 13. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1562. Germany. Frytschius, Frobes. 7
1563. Jan. 23. Zurich. Wolf.
" Feb. 4. Zurich, Wolf.
1564. Feb. 27. Gemma. 8 Kirch, Mairan, Pilgram.
" Sept. 9. Kirch, Mairan, ami Acad. Coll.
" Oct. 16. England. Camden, Stow, 9 Thomp.
" " 16. Gemma, Frobes, Mairan, Acad. Coll.
" Nov. 6. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" " 7. Zurich. Wolf.
1565. Dec. 5. Olai, 10 Celsius, 11 Mairan, Acad. Coll.
" " 5. Germany. Gareaeus, 1 ' 2 Frobes.
1567. Feb. 16. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" April 26. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1568. April 4. Franconia. Lausitz. Rivander.
" " 4. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" April 11. Franconia. Lausitz. Rivander.
" " 11. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" Oct. 4. Gemma, Mairan, and Pilgram.
1569. Jan. 4. Franconia. Lausitz. Rivander.
" " 4. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" Mar. 20. Zurich. Wolf.
1571. Mar. 12. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" " 13. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" " 14. Schmidt, Lehmann, and Frobes.
1 Phil. Trans. No. 347. Vol. XXIX., p. 417.
2 Annals of Philosophy, IV. 427.
8 Me'm. de l'Acad. 1721, p. 242.
4 Mairan gives this erroneously as Jan. 6, 1560.
6 Mense Decembri late per Germaniam ante solis ortum ignis
fulsit adeo, ut plurimi ex oppidis et villis auxilio vicinis suis un-
dique occurrcrent, quod eorum domos conflagrare arbitrarentur.
Boguslawski. Pogg. Ann. Erganzungsband IV. nach Band XC.
6 Vierteljahr. Zurich, I. 196.
' Rivander. In Chron. Dierum Festorum II. 5.
8 De Prodigiosa Specie Utraque Cometae, &c, p. 42.
9 A General Chronicle of England, p. 658.
1° Calend. ad annos 15S8 et 1589.
11 Proefat. Observationum de Lumine Boreali.
12 Mcteorologia.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
21
1571. Mar,
1572.
1573.
1574.
1575.
1577.
1580.
14.
30.
22.
27.
11.
12.
" 13.
" 14.
April 26.
Jan.
Jan.
Mar.
Jan.
Feb.
April
1.
6.
16.
23.
9.
9.
" 21.
Nov. 28.
Jan. x.
Aug. 30.
Nov. 24.
" 24.
" 25.
" 25.
28.
23.
" 23.
" Oct. 8.
" " 8.
" 8.
1.
2.
27.
4.
4.
" 15.
" 16.
" 17.
" 18.
Dec. 28.
Dec.
Feb.
1576. Jan.
" Feb.
" June
" Dec.
Mar. 16.
" 16.
April 16.
" 16.
" 19.
" 19.
Kirch, Mairan, 1 and Acad. Coll.
Pilgram.
Kirch, RJairan, and Acad. Coll.
Zurich. Wolf.
Kirch and Mairan.
Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Kirch, Mairan, Pilgram, Acad. Coll.
Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Constantinople. Frobes, M'n., A. C.
Befort. Berk, Frobes, and Mairan. 2
Gemma, Mairan, and Pilgram.
Zurich.? Wolf.
Zurich.? Wolf.
France. Scheuchzer.
Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Liejiand, Russia. Frobes, M'n., A.
Gemma, Mairan, and Pilgram.
Zurich. Wolf.
England. Camden, 8 Stow.
Frobes, Mairan, and Acad, Coll.
England. Camden, Stow, 4 Kirch.
Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Zurich. Wolf.
Brabant. Gemma, Frobes, Mairan.
Pilgram, Acad. Coll. Thompson.
Zurich. Wolf. Gemma.
Gemma, Frobes, and Thompson.
Kirch, Mairan, 6 and Acad. Coll.
Zurich. Wolf.
Zurich. Wolf.
Zurich. Wolf.
Zurich. Wolf.
Zurich. Wolf.
Zurich. Wolf.
Zurich. Wolf.
Zurich. Wolf.
Zurich. Wolf.
Kirch, Mairan, Moestlin, 6 Acad. Coll.
Baknang, Wurtemberg. Moestlin, F's.
Mairan, Pilgram, and Acad. Coll.
Wurtemberg. Moestlin, Frobes, M'n.
Halley, Pilgram, and Acad. Coll.
Wurtemberg. Moestlin, Frobes, M'n.
Halley, Pilgram, and Acad. Coll.
1 This is given erroneously by Mairan as March 15.
- Scheuchzer. Biblioth. Scrip. Hist. Nat. p. 75.
8 Rerura Anglicarnm et Hybernicarum Annates, p. 263.
4 A General Chronicle of England, p. 678.
6 Mairan quotes this aurora from Frobes, as upon Sept. 28.
G Consideratio et Observatio comette aetherei, &c.
1580. Sept. 5.
Botle.
Wurtemberg. Moestlin, Frobes, M'n.
Halley, Kirch, Pilgram, Acad. Coll.
Wurtemberg. Moestlin, Frobes, M'n.
Halley, Pilgram, and Acad. Coll.
Kirch and Mairan.
Zurich. Wolf.
Halley, Mairan, Moestlin, Pilgram.
Wurtemberg. Moestlin, Frobes, M'n.
Halley, Pilgram, and Acad. Coll.
Germany. Frobes, Kirch, Mairan.
Wurtemberg. Moestlin, Frobes, M'n.
Halley, Pilgram, and Acad. Coll.
Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Brabant. Frobes, Mairan, Acad. C.
Zurich. Wolf, Kirch, Mairan, Acad.
Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Zurich. Wolf.
Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Zurich. Wolf. Meissen. Lehmann.
Frobes, Kirch, Mairan, Acad. Coll.
Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Prussia. Hennenberger. 1
Frobes, Kirch, Mairan, Acad. Coll.
Zurich. Wolf, Kirch, Mairan, Acad.
Kirch and Mairan.
Zurich. Wolf.
Kirch, Mairan and Acad. Coll.
Zurich. Wolf.
Zurich. Wolf, Kirch, Mairan, A. C.
Kirch, Mairan and Acad. Coll.
Zurich. Wolf.
Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Brandenberg. Frobes. 2
Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Upsal. Celsius, Frobes, M'n., A. C.
Hondorff, Frobes, Mairan, A. C.
Hondorff, Frobes, Mairan, A. C.
Hondorff, Frobes, Mairan, A. C.
Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Berne. Wolf.
Zurich. Wolf.
Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1 Erklarung der Land-Tafel von Prcussen.
2 Hondorfli Calendarium Sanctorum, &c, p. 102.
((
" 20.
u
" 20.
a
Oct. 1.
a
" 1.
a
" 11.
a
Dec. 20.
a
" 26.
1581.
Jan. 5.
a
" 5.
a
" 17.
it
Feb. 26.
a
" 26.
a
April 12.
a
" 14.
a
" 16.
a
Sept. 5.
it
Oct. 24.
a
Nov. 18.
a
" 24.
1582.
Mar. 1 6.
it
" 16.
ii
" 17.
a
" 18.
a
" 18.
it
April 10.
a
" 11.
a
Nov. 7.
1583.
Mar. 23.
it
" 30.
it
April 12.
a
Sept. 12.
a
Oct. 12.
1584.
Feb. 29.
1585.
Dec. 5.
«
" 22.
1586.
Feb. 13.
it
" 13.
1588.
Jan. 5.
ii
Feb. 14.
it
" 15.
a
" 16.
it
Dec. 16.
1589.
Jan. 12.
1590.
Mar. 8.
it
•' 9.
it
April 12.
1591.
Mar. 30.
22
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Kirch, Mairan, ami Acad. Coll.
Schmidt, Lehmann, F., M., A. C.
Schmidt, Frobes, Mairan, and Acad.
Zurich. Wagner, 1 Frobes, Mairan.
Zurich. Wagner, Frobes, Mairan,
Zurich. Wolf [Acad- Coll.
Mayence. Serrarius. 2 Schmidt. F.
Paris? Mairan, Pilgram, and Acad.
Mni/ence. Serrarius. Pilgram.
Frobes, Mairan. and Acad. Coll.
Frobes, 5 Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Serrarius, 6 Frobes, Mairan, Acad.
Kauffbeuren, Suabia. Bernegger.
Frobes, Mairan, 7 and Acad. Coll.
Leuwarden. Nihusius. Frobes.
Academy's Collection.
Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Basle. Wagner, F's., M. and A. C.
Paris. La Motte le Yayer, Mairan,
Acad. Coll. [and Pilgram.
Kirch and Mairan.
Zurich. Wolf. JS T euchatel. s Pilgram.
Liebknecht, Frobes. Kirch, Mairan.
France. Gassendi. 9 [Thompson. AC.
Frobes, Mairan, 11 and Acad. Coll.
Zurich.? Wolf.
Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Zurich. Wolf.
Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1 E Suizeri Chron. Helvet., p. 123.
2 Epistola: ad John Kepler, &c., p. 350.
8 Journal du Regne de Henry IV. de P. de l'Etoile, II. 88.
* Mairan takes both these dales from Frobes unchanged.
6 Erobes quotes, " Le Mcrcure Franjois, &c., p. 82.
6 Acta Erudit. Leipsic, 1719, p. 8.
' Mairan and Pilgram assign this aurora to Nov., 1607.
Traite' &c. p. 201.
8 Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. V., 283.
9 Oeuvres, II. 108.
10 Mairan places this aurora on Sept. 21. Frobes intimates
that this and the preceding record refer to the same aurora.
1592.
Mar.
29.
1593.
Oct.
24.
a
tt
25.
u
it
26.
u
u
27.
a
tt
28.
a
u
29.
a
ft
30.
1596.
April
26.
1599.
Aug.
17.
1600.
Dec.
28.
1602.
June
20.
1603.
Sept.
17.
U
Nov.
6.
1605.:
Nov.
17.
tt
ft
17.
tt
Dec.
20.
1606.
Sept.
13. 4
a
»
15.*
1607.
Nov.
28.
1608.
Nov.
27.
tt
u
27.
1609.
Mar.
X.
tt
ii
11.
u
cc
26.
1612.
Aug.
6.
1614.
July
5.
1615.
Oct.
26.
1621.
Feb.
3.
u
Mar.
3.
a
Sept.
12.
a
it
12.
a
Sept.
22.
a
u
22.
<<
Oct.
13.
1622.
Jan.
24.
u
June
10.
1623.
Jan.
12.
«
K
16.
1623. Jan. 17. Kirch. Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" Feb. 18. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" May 13. Joachim, Bohemia. Frobes, M., A. C.
" " 17. Lehmann. Frobes, Mairan. and
" Nov. 17. Germany. Kepler. 1 [Acad. Coll.
" Dec. 11. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1624. April 7. Joachim. Lehmann, F., M., A. C.
" May 12. Anhah. Frobes, Mairan, Acad. Coll.
" June 7. Holland. Franciscus.
" " 7. Frobes, 2 Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1625. Sept. 7. Mairan, Short, and Acad. Coll.
" " 17. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. ColL
" " 30. Mairan, Short, and Acad. C.ll.
" Oct. 10. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" Nov. 3. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1626. Feb. 5. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" May 28. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" June 26. Mairan, Short, and Acad. Coll.
" Aug. 8. Kirch. Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" Sept. 17. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" " 24. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1627. Jan. 17. Joachim, Bohemia. Lehmann.
" " 17. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" " 21. Joachim. Lehmann.
« " 21. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1628. Jan. x. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" April 27. Pfaff. Boguslawski. 8 Boue.
« " 30. Pfaff. Bogusla«>ki. Bou&
" Dec. 20. Mairan, Short, and Acad. Coll.
" ' " 26. Mairan, Short, and Acad. Coll.
" " 28. Mairan. Short, and Acad. Coll.
" " 30. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1629. Jan. 5. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. ColL
" '■ 11. Kirch and Mairan.
" Mar. x. ? Meissen. Jonston. 4 Frobes.
" June x. Zurielt. Wagner. Frobes.
" Aug. 21. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" Sept. 19. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" " 20. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" " 21. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" Oct. 1. Mairan, Short, and Acad. Coll.
" " 2. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" " 16. Mairan, Short, and Acad. Coll.
" " 26. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
« « 29. Mairan, Short, and Acad. Coll.
" " 30. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1 Thompson's Meteorology, p. 350.
2 Baudartius, Historia Eceles. et Polit. Lib. XVI.
8 Wiirtemberg Jahrbuch fur 1850. I.
* Thaumatographia Xaturalis, ic.
ON THE PERIODICITY OP THE AURORA BOREA1IS.
23
1G30. Feb. 3. Joachim. Lehmann.
" " 3. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" " 4. Spilzbergen. Boue, Mairan, Acad.
" " 4. Tubingen. Schickard, Frobes, Kirch.
" June 18. Pfeff, Boguslawski, Boue.
" " 19. Plaff, Boguslawski, Boue. [bow.
1732. Nov. 12. 1 Paris. Godin. Copenhagen. Ilorre-
1633. May 28. Lehmann, Frobes, M., and A. C.
" June 23. Lehmann, Frobes, M., and A. C.
" Dec. 30. Spilzbergen. Zorgdrager. 2
" " 30. Frobes and Mairan. Acad. Coll.
1C34. Jan. 3. Spilzbergen. Zorgdrager.
" " 3. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" Feb. 1. Spitsbergen. Zorgdrager.
" " 1. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" " 11. Wolckenslein. Lehmann. Frobes. M.
1G37. Aug. 20. Meissen and Bohemia. Lehmann.
" '' 20. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1C38. Jan. C. Meissen and Bohemia. Lehmann.
" " 6. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1640. Jan. 27. Lehmann, Frobes, Mairan, and
1643. Nov. 8. Boguslawski. 8 Boue. [Acad. Coll.
" " x. Saxony. Franciscus, Lehmann, F.
1G44. Mar. x. Annaberg, Saxony. Lehmann, F.
164."). April 27. JDuncke/spield. Franciscus.
" " 27. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1G46. Nov. x. Silesia. Franciscus.
" " x. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1650.? Jan. 17. Basle. AVagner.
" " 17. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1654. Mar. 5. Leipsic. Franciscus.
'• " 5. Frobes, 4 Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1655. July 9. Poland. Tylkowsky.
" " 9. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1757. Jan. 13. Kirch, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" April 13. Meissen. Lehmann.
" " 13. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1660. Dec. x. Hungary. Lehmann. Frobes.
1661. Jan. 30. Glarus and Vadisvilla. Wagner. 6
" " 30. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" April 16. Prussia. Schulzius. Franciscus.
" " 16. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1662. Dec. 15. Scheibenberg. Lehmann.
" " 15. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
16G3. Nov. 9. Scheibenberg. Lehmann.
i Encyc. Method. I. 453.
• De Piscatn Greenland, Leipsic, 1723, p. 320.
« Schlcs. Chron., Nov. 12, 1841.
4 Limner. 1>l- Nundin. Lips. Relat.
6 This was probably a meteor.
1663. Nov. 9. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1664. April 18. Scheibenberg. Lehmann.
" " 18. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1665. April 18. Baltic Sea. Scheffer. Franciscus.
" " 18. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" Aug. 23. Upsal. Celsius. Frobes, Mairan, 1
1666. Jan. 31. Scheibenberg. Lehmann. [A. Coll.
" " 31. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1671. Nov. 29. Bischofszell, Sivitz. Wagner.
" " 29. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1672. Jan. x. Cracow. Cromerus.
" " x. Frobes, Mairan, 1 and Acad. Coll.
1676? Feb. 3. Zurich. Frobes, Mairan, Acad. C.
" Mar. 2.? Zurich. Frobes, Mairan, Acad. Coll.
1677. Nov. 18. Rostock. Franciscus.
" " 18. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" Dec. 12. Annaberg, Saxony. Lehmann.
" " 12. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1680. Sept. 30. Chemnitz. Lehmann.
" " 30. Frobes, Mairan and Acad. Coll.
1682. Nov. 7. Dantzig. llevelius. 8
" " 7. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" Dec. 15. Meissen.? Waldsehinidt. 4 Lehmann.
" " 15. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1683. Jan. x. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" Aug. 22. Germany. Weigelius, 6 Lehmann.
" " 22. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1684. Mar. 28. Meissen. Lehmann. 6
" " 28. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" Nov. 23. Meissen. Lehmann.
" " 23. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1685. April 26.? Lehmann, Frobes, Mairan, A. C.
1686. Feb. 2. Milfelhcim. Moeren. 7 Frobes.
" " 2. Mairan, Pilgrara, and Acad. Coll.
" June 1. Mairan, Short, and Acad. Coll.
" July 19. Mairan, Short, and Acad. Coll.
" Oct. 29. Meissen. Vulpius. Guettner. 8
" " 29. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
1687.?° Denmark. Horrebow. Pilgram, Mairan.
1 Acta Lit. Suecix. II. 50.
2 Mairan understands Frobes as meaning Jan. 1073.
8 ActaKrudii. Leipsic, 1682, p. 391 ct 1685, p. 141.
4 Diss. Meteori Ignei in Acre nuper conspecti, &c.
6 Von der Wiirkung des Gemuths, &C.
6 This and tlie supposed aurora of Nov. 23 were probably
meteors.
1 Misccll. Curiosa. 1686. VII. 215. ?
8 Acta Eruditaet Curiosa. XX. 716.
,J Cassini states that the aurora appeared at the end of June
and continued till July 10. Encyc. Method. — Physique, I. 352.
Also Traite &.C. par Mairan, pp. 35 ct 203.
24
ON TIIE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
1690. Oct. Short and Mairan.
" Nov. Short and Mairan.
Dec. Short and Mairan.
1692. April 12. F robes, Mairan. and Acad. Coll.
" May 22. Lehmann, Frobes, 1 Mairan, Acad.
'• Sept. 14. Breslau. Grebner.' Frobes.
1603. Nov. 10. Lehmann and Frobes.
" 10. Mairan and Acad. Coll.
Nov. 22. Breslau. Grebner, Frobes, Mairan,
1694. Mar. 31. Breslau. Grebner, Frobes, Mairan,
" April 4. Breslau. Grebner, Frobes, Mairan,
1665. Oct. 5. Breslau. Grebner, Frobes. Mairan,
12. Breslau. Grebner. Frobes, Mairan,
" " 31. Breslau. Grebner, Frobes, Mairan,
" Nov. 20. Breslau. Grebner, Frobes. Mairan,
1696. May 12. Breslau. Grebner. Frobes. Mairan.
Sept. 26. Breslau. Grebner, Frobes, Mairan.
" Nov. 6. Breslau. Grebner, Frobes. Mairan.
" " 18. Breslau. Grebner. Frobes, Mairan.
Aug. 18. Meissen and Bohtein. Lehmann.
- 18. Frobes, Mairan. and Acad. Coll.
1698. Feb. 24. Breslau. Grebner, Frobes, Mairan.
'• •• 26. Breslau. Grebner, Frobes, Mairan.
May IS. Frobes, Mairan, and Acad. Coll.
" Sept. 30. Bossa. 3 ? Lehmann, Mairan. Frobes,
Nov. 15. Breslau. Grebner, Frobes, Mairan.
" •• 27. Breslau. Grebner. Frobes. Mairan,
" Dec. 7. Breslau. Grebner, Frobes, Mairan,
« " 23. Breslau. Grebner, Frobes, Mairan,
" " 28. Breslau. Grebner, Frobes, Mairan,
" Jan. 3. Breslau. Grebner, Frobes, Mairan,
" Feb. 17. Breslau. Grebner, Frobes. Mairan.
1699. Feb. 23. Breslau. Grebner, Frobes, Mairan.
25. Breslau. Grebner, Frobes, Mairan.
" April 17. Breslau. Grebner, Frobes, Mairan,
" '• 20. Breslau. Grebner, Frobes, Mairan,
" •• 21. Breslau. Grebner, Frobes, Mairan.
" •■ 28. Breslau. Grebner, Frobes. Mairan.
" June 18. Breslau. Grebner, Frobes, Mairan,
1 Mairan places this by mistake on March 22. Traite &c, p. 471.
2 In Diario Meteorol. Wratislav. p. 7, &c In regard to the
numerous observations of supposed auroras recorded by Grebner,
between 1692 and 1700, Frobes remarks: "Dubinin est, fateor,
noctemne insigoiter serenam (qute siderea vocari passim hie solet)
an luminis borealis spectacuhan aliquod noctis sublustris vocabulo
auctor signilieaverit. Sed nolui tamen interim quamquam dubias
observationes hasce prorsus oniirtere : ne scilicet enrarius hoc
quicqnid rei est, exploraudi ansam mihi atque aliis denegasse
videar," p. 62. Acad. Coll. is omitted for want of room on Greb-
ner's dates, and on Sept. 30.
3 Near Freiburg.
1699.
June
26.
Breslau.
tt
July
23.
Breslau.
ft
July
26.
Breslau.
ft
Aug.
14.
Breslau.
a
»
19.
Breslau.
u
u
21.
Breslau.
tt
u
22.
Breslau.
a
tt
24.
Breslau.
tt
a
26.
Breslau.
a
a
27.
Breslau.
a
Sept.
16.
Breslau.
a
..
17.
Breslau.
a
u
18.
Breslau.
a
a
19.
Breslau.
a
a
21.
Breslau.
..
a
22.
Breslau.
tt
u
24.
Breslau.
n
Oct.
9.
Breslau.
a
n
18.
Breslau.
a
a
21.
Breslau.
tt
ti
22.
Breslau.
a
u
24.
Breslau.
tt
Nov,
10.
Breslau.
tt
a
15.
Breslau.
a
a
1-.
Breslau.
a
a
21.
Bit
tt
a
23.
Ilr ■
u
..
21.
Breslau.
a
Dec.
14.
Breslau.
a
..
15.
Breslau.
••
tt
17.
Breslau.
1701.
Vol*
1702.
Mag
29.
Abo, Fit
a
a
29.
Fn
1704.
Grebner, Frobes. Mairan,
Grebner, Frobes. Mairan.
Grebner, Frobes, Mairan,
Grebner, Frobes, Mairan,
Grebner, Frobes, Mairan,
Grebner, Frobes, Mairan,
Grebner, Frolics. Mairan,
Grebner, Frobes, Mairan,
Grebner, Frobes. Mairan,
Grebner, Frobes, Mairan,
Grebner, Frobes, Mairan,
Grebner, Frobes, Mairan,
Grebner, Frobes. Mairan,
Grebner, Frobes. Mairan,
Grebner, Frobes, Mairan,
Grebner, Frobes, Mairan,
Grebner, Frobes, Mairan,
Grebner, Frobes, Mairan,
Grebner, Frobes. Mairan,
Grebner, Frobes, Mairan,
Grebner, Frobes. Mairan,
( .n liner, Frobes. Mairan,
Grebner, Frobes. Mairan,
Grebner, Frobes. Mairan,
Grebner, Frobes, Mairan,
Grebner, Frobes. Mairan,
Grebner, Frobes, Mairan,
Grebner. Frobes, Mairan,
Grebner, Frobes. Mairan,
Grebner, Frobes. Mairan,
Grebner, Frobes. Mairan, 1
Spain. Rieo. 2
and. Jechonius. 3
d Mairan.
Piltrram.
'Between 1700 and 1751, the Collection Academique appears to
be merely a transcript from Mairan 's catalogue of auroras, with
occasionally an accidental error, mostly omissions. The auroras of
Nov. t. 1709, and March x. 1711, are given be Nov. 11 and March
11. The auroras of April 11, 1716, April 10 and 11, 1717, of Oct.
11, 171S, of Feb. 11, 1719, of Feb. 11 and April 11, 1720, of Feb.
11, 1721, of Jan. 17, 1724, are all omitted. The auroras of May 1
and 3, 1728, are given as the aurora of May 13. An aurora on
Mav 26, 1737, is interpolated, and the auroras of Nov. 26 and 30
of that year are omitted. The auroras which belong to March
and April, 1741, are repeated for 1742, and the actual auroras of
March. 1742, are omitted. Since the date of Mairan's catalogue,
j auroras are given for Feb. 4, 1759, at Berlin and Fregbourg, and
for Feb. S, 1759, at Paris.
- Mem. de I' Acad. Cienc, Madrid. III. 77.
3 In dem Fnvorgreiflichen Bedencken tiber das Zn Abau in
Finland — am Himmel wahrgenomene Wnnder-und Feuer-Zei-
chen.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
28.
Dec.
Sept. or Oct.
Feb
1704.
Frobes and Mairan.
170G.
Barret. 1
Mar.
Aug.
a
Oct.
u
Nov.
Aug.
Sept.
a
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Sept.
Nov.
(t
Dec.
Mar.
Oct.
1.
2.
12.
1.
6.
17.
18.
20.
81.
16.
18.
21.
27.
29.
24.
27.
27.
20.
21.
15.
22.
18.
x.
19.
17.
26.
2G.
7.
1707.
Copenhagen. Roemer.
Copenhagen. Roemer.
Frobes ami Mairan.
Copenhagen. Roemer. 3
Berlin. Kirch. 4 Seliomherg,
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Upminster. Derbam
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Berlin. Kircb. Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Berlin. Kirch. Ireland.
Mairan and Thompson.
1708.
London. Halley. 8 Mairan.
London. Halley. 9
North Sea, 66° Lat.
Frobes and Mairan
Mairan. 2
Boue.
Mairan.
Seidelius. 5
Ireland. Neve. 6
Neve. !
Mairan. 10
1709.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
1710.
Paris, Vienna, and Peh'n. 11
Giessen. Liebknecbt. Mairan. 12
Leipsic. Pilgram.
Frobes and Mairan.
1711.
x. Giessen. Pilgram.
1714.
Frobes and Mairan.
i:>
i Phil. Trans., XXVI. 310.
2 Miscell. Berolin., I. 127 - 131.
4 Ibid., 132.
6 Phil. Trans., XXVI 310.
8 Phil. Trans., XXIX. 419.
w Bruyn's Voyages, V. 299.
11 Boue quotes Frolics.
« Acta Erud., 1711.
Frobes and Mairan.
8 Ibid., 131.
6 Ibid., 129.
■ Ibid.
9 Ibid.
Mar. 15.
" 17.
" 17.
" 17.
" 17.
April 1 1 .
" 11.
" 12.
" 12.
" 13.
" 13.
" 20.
May 1.
2.
" 3.
4.
5.
Dec. 15.
" 15.
" 16.
" 16.
Jan. 6.
" 9.
" 10.
" 11.
Feb. 2.
" 16.
April 6.
" 9.
" 10.
" 10.
" 10.
" 11.
10.
21.
31.
8.
11.
20.
1.
1716.
Pilgram.
Aus
Sept.
Oct.
Berlin. Kirch. London. Halley. 1
Cambridge, Eng. Cotes.'
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes.
Brest and Rouen. Mairan.
Berlin. Kirch. Paris. Maraldi. Mairan.
Frobes, Pilgram, and Phil. Trans.
Berlin. Kirch. Paris. Maraldi.
Frobes, Mairan, Pilgram, and Phil. Trans.
Paris. Maraldi."
Frobes, Mairan, Pilgram, and Phil. Trans.
Giessen. Liebknecbt. 4
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frolics and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Paris. Maraldi. 5 Frobes.
Mairan, Pilgram, and Reuss.
Paris. Maraldi.
Frobes, Mairan, and Pilgram."
Paris.
Paris.
Paris.
Paris.
Berlin.
Kent.
1717
Maraldi.
Maraldi.
Maraldi.
Maraldi.
Kirch.
Mairan and Pilgram.
Mairan and Pilgram.
Mairan and Pilgram.
Mairan and Pilgram.
Mairan.
Barrell. Short. 7
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Berlin. Kirch. London. Folkes.
Kent. Barrell. 8
Celsius, Frobes, Mairan, and Short.
Frobes and Mairan.
Celsius and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
Celsius and Mairan.
Pilgram.
Upsal. Burman. Frobes and Mairan.'
i Phil. Trans., XXIX. 406, 407.
2 Phil. Trans., XXX. 66.
3 Mairan, p. 206.
* Acad. Nat. Curios., 1719, 153.
6 Memoircs de l'Aiad , 1717. 6 Ibid.
' Phil. Trans., XXX. 584. 8 Ibid.
9 Acta Lit. Succioc, II. 566; also Phil. Trans., XXXIII. 175.
VOL. X.
26
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
1718.
Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Berlin. Kirch. Maraldi and Pilgram.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Lynn. Folk.es. 1
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes.
Mairan, Maraldi, Pilgram, and Short.
Lynn. Folkes. Mairan 2 and Phil. Trans.
Lynn. Folkes.
Mairan, Pilgram, and Phil. Trans.
Lynn. Folkes.
Mairan, Pilgram, and Phil. Trans.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Lynn. Folkes.
Mairan, Pilgram, and Phil. Trans.
Paris. De la Hire. 3
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Mairan 4 and Pilgram.
Phil. Trans. Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Phil. Trans. Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Pilgram and Phil. Trans.
Frobes and Mairan.
1719.
Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
Mairan and Pilgram. 5
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Lynn. Folkes. Pilgram.
J Phil. Trans., XXXII. 300.
2 Traits, &c, p. 206.
8 Me'moires de l'Acad., 1718, p. 286.
4 Me'moires de l'Acad. 6 Ibid.
Feb.
5.
U
14.
Mar.
4.
u
4.
If
15.
it
18.
a
19.
a
21.
it
22.
April
2.
May
1.
u
11.
June
8.
Aug.
28.
Sept.
16.
a
16.
a
16.
u
17.
EC
22.
U
22.
U
24.
u
24.
Oct.
11.
a
22.
u
22.
a
23.
a
27.
Nov.
2.
a
23.
Dec.
16.
a
17.
ti
18.
a
20.
a
30.
a
30.
a
31.
Feb.
11.
u
22.
«
23.
Mar
5.
u
6.
u
23.
Mar. 23. Mairan and Phil. Trans.
" 25. Mairan and Pilgram. 1
" 30. Paris. Maraldi. 2
" 30. Frobes, Mairan, and Phil. Trans. 3
April 7. Lynn. Folkes. Pilgram and Phil. Trans. 4
" 9. Frobes and Mairan.
" 10. Frobes and Mairan.
" 18. Frobes and Mairan. 5
Sept. 22. Mairan and Short.
" 24. Mairan and Short.
" 25. Frobes and Mairan.
Oct. 16. Berlin. Kirch. Celsius and Mairan.
" 22. Short and Mairan.
" 23. Balk. Thibes. Boue. 6
" 27. Frobes and Mairan.
" 30. Frobes and Mairan.
Nov. x. Frobes and Mairan.
" 3. Reichstatt. Rost. Boue.
" 6. Lynn. Folkes. Devonshire. Maunder. 7
" 6. Pilgram and Short.
" 13. Berlin. Kirch. Celsius and Mairan.
" 14. Frobes and Mairan.
" 17. Frobes and Mairan.
" 20. Lynn. Folkes.
" 20. Celsius, Pilgram, and Phil. Trans.
" 21. Dublin, Ireland? Short. Mairan.
" 21. New England?
" 21. London. Halley. 10 Pilgram.
" 22. Frobes and Mairan.
" 24. Frobes and Mairan.
Dec. 1. Frobes and Mairan.
" 5. Dublin. Mairan. Pilgram and Phil. Trans.
" 7. Short. Mairan.
" 22. Streatham. Hearne. 11
" 22. New England} 2 Salem. Felt.
" 23. Streatham. Hearne.
« 30. Short. Mairan.
1720.
Jan. 1. Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
" 2. Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
1 Me'moires de l'Acad.
2 Boue refers to Montauban, with a query, for March 29.
8 Me'moires de l'Acad., 1719. 4 Ibid.
6 Boue' quotes Bertholon for April 17.
6 Breslau Coll., 1719, II. 581.
1 Phil. Trans., XXX. 1101. B Ibid., p. 1104.
9 Mass. Coll., II. 17.
W Phil. Trans., XXX. 1099. u Ibid., p. 1107.
w Mass. Coll., II. 17-20.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
27
Jan.
23?
u
28.
Feb.
6.
it
10.
a
11.
a
11.
a
15.
a
22.
a
26.
Mar.
9.
it
23.
Apri
7.
Aug.
15.
Sept.
10.
a
10.
a
28.
a
28.
Oct.
27.
Nov.
6.
u
7.
it
20.
it
25.
it
28.
ti
29.
it
29.
Dec.
2.
U
3.
it
5.
it
6.
U
10.
it
28.
ii
28.
Jan.
17.
a
17.
a
22.
a
23.
a
23.
Feb.
11.
a
17.
a
17.
u
17.
Phil. Trans., Mairan, and Short. 1
Mairan, Pilgram, and Phil. Trans.
Frobes, Mairan, Maraldi, and Pilgram.
Frobes, Mai ran. Maraldi, and Pilgram.
Lynn. Folkes. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Maraldi, Pilgram, and Phil. Trans.
Berlin. Kirch. Celsius and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes, Mairan, Maraldi, and Pilgram.
Short. Mairan.
Short. 2 Mairan.
Paris. Mairan and Pilgram.
Paris and London.
Frobes, Mairan, and Pilgram.
Lynn. Folkes. Paris and London.
Mairan, Pilgram, and Phil. Trans.
Celsius and Mairan. 3
Short. Mairan.
Berlin. Kirch. Frobes and Mairan.
Mairan.
Mairan.
Pilgram.
Kirch.
Short.
Kirch.
Felt. 4
Maraldi. 5
Berlin.
Salem.
Paris.
Celsius, Frobes, Mairan, and Pilgram.
Frobes and Mairan.
Phil. Trans. Mairan.
Salem. Felt. Phil. Trans.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Maraldi and Pilgram.
1721.
Lynn. Folkes. Mairan.
Pilgram and Phil. Trans.
Mairan, Pilgram, and Phil. Trans.
Berlin. Kirch. Lynn. Folkes.
Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Short. Mairan.
Berlin. Kirch. Dublin?
— Liebknecht. 7
Celsius, Frobes, Mairan, and Pilgram.
1 See Mairan, p. 525.
2 Boue' refers to Auroras on March 11 and April 11.
3 Boue' quotes Celsius for October 22.
« Hist, of Salem, II. 137.
6 Memoires de l'Acad., 1721, p. 2.
6 Phil. Trans., XXXI. 180.
» ActaErud., 1721, p. 157.
Feb. 22. —
" 23. Frobes and Mairan.
" 28. Frobes and Mairan.
Mar. 1. Berlin. Kirch. Celsius.
" 1. Liebknecht, 1 Mairan, and Pilgram.
" 12. Frolics and Mairan.
" 29. Frobes and Mairan.
Sept. 12. . Celsius and Mairan.
" 1C. Liebknecht 2 and Pilgram.
" 22. Celsius, Mairan, anil Phil. Trans.
" 28. Lynn. Folkes. Short.
Oct. 3. Frobes and Mairan.
" 21. Celsius, Mairan, and Pilgram.
" 23. Frobes and Mairan.
" 24. Frobes and Mairan.
" 31. Frobes and Mairan.
Nov. 1. Frobes and Mairan.
" 2. Mairan and Phil. Trans.
" 29. Paris. Maraldi, Boue-.
1722.
Jan. 7. Mairan and Pilgram.
" 8. Mairan and Pilgram.
" 9. Mairan and Pilgram.
" 12. Mairan and Pilgram.
" 17. Mairan and Short.
" 22. Frobes and Mairan.
" 23. Frobes, Mairan, and Short.
" 25. Frobes and Mairan.
Feb. 12. Celsius and Mairan.
" 13. Celsius and Mairan.
" 16. Celsius and Mairan.
" 20-. Mairan and Pilgram.
" 23i Frobes and Mairan.
" 24. Frobes and Mairan.
" 27. Frobes and Mairan.
Mar. 1 ? Celsius and Mairan. 3
" 17. Frobes and Mairan.
" 18. Frobes and Mairan.
" 25 ? Mairan.
" 27. Frobes and Mairan.
April 5. Frobes and Mairan.
May 23. Frobes and Mairan.
June 4. Frobes and Mairan.
i ActaErud., 1721, p. 157.
2 Pharus, p. 66.
3 Mairan gives the aurora of March 1 in Celsius's catalogue,
but not in his own general catalogue, p. 494 ; he gives the aurora
of March 25 in his general catalogue, but in none of the special
catalogues.
28
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Sept. 5. Mairan and Pilgram.
" 6. Celsius, Mairan, and Pilgram.
" 7. Celsius and Mairan.
" 10. Mairan and Pilgram,
" 12. Mairan.
" 16. Lynn. Folkes. 1 Frobes, Mairan, and Pilgram.
" 17. Berlin. Kirch. Frobes and Mairan.
" 18. Berlin. Kirch. Frobes and Mairan.
" 22. Mairan and Short.
Oct. 3. Berlin. Kirch.
" 3. Celsius, Mairan, and Pilgram.
" 7. Berlin. Kirch, Mairan.
" 8. Celsius and Mairan.
" 9. Celsius and Mairan.
" 10. Celsius and Mairan.
" 14. Lynn. Folkes. Celsius.
" 14. Frobes, Mairan, and Pilgram.
" 15. Celsius, Mairan, Pilgram, and Phil. Trans.
" 19. Frobes and Mairan.
" 20. Frobes and Mairan.
" 21. Frobes and Mairan.
" 25. Frobes and Mairan.
" 26. Frobes and Mairan.
Nov. 3. Celsius and Mairan.
" 9. Mairan and Pilgram.
" 10. Upsal. Burman. 2
" 10. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
" 1 4. Frobes and Mairan.
" 22. Frobes and Mairan.
" 23. Frobes and Mairan.
" 24. Frobes and Mairan.
Dec. 3. Frobes and Mairan.
" 4. Celsius and Mairan.
" 12. Frobes and Mairan.
" 15. Frobes and Mairan.
" 31. Ltaly? Manfredi. Frobes and Mairan.
1723.
Jan. 1. Lynn. Folkes. Celsius and Mairan.
" 3. Paris. Mairan. Celsius and Pilgram.
" 6. Frobes and Mairan.
" 12. Frobes and Mairan.
" 14. Frobes and Mairan.
i Phil. Trans., XXXII.
2 Acta Lit. Succia, I. 393.
3 Mairan says (p. 208) it was the first observed in that country.
Comm. Acad. Bonon., I. p. 297. This corrects the statement of
Musschenbroek, quoted in my former Memoir. Mem. Amer.
Acad., IX. 103. The aurora of March 17, 1727, was the first
observed by an astronomer.
Jan.
24.
Upsal. Burman.
a
24.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Feb.
4.
Upsal. Burman. Celsius.
it
4.
Frobes, Mairan, and Pilgram.
Mar.
2.
Lynn. Rastrick. 1
a
2.
Mairan, Pilgram, and Short.
a
3.
Berlin. Kirch. Upsal. Burman.
a
3.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
a
4.
Upsal. Burman.
it
4.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
a
7.
Upsal. Burman.
u
7.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
a
10.
Frobes and Mairan.
a
21.
Frobes and Mairan.
a
24.
Upsal. Barman.
it
24.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
a
25.
Mairan and Pilgram.
a
26.
Lynn. Rastrick. Mairan and Short.
Apri
2.
Upsal. Burman.
a
2.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
u
4.
Upsal. Burman.
a
4.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
a
9.
Upsal. Burman.
u
9.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
ii
15.
Upsal. Burman.
a
24.
Berlin. Kirch. Mairan and Pilgram
Aug.
31.
Lynn. Rastrick.
it
31.
Short, Mairan, and Pilgram.
Sept.
1.
Celsius and Mairan.
a
7.
Frobes and Mairan.
it
12.
Frobes and Mairan.
a
17.
Celsius and Mairan.
a
28.
Frobes and Mairan.
Oct.
31.
Lynn. Rastrick.
a
31.
Upsal. Burman. Sweden. Celsius.
a
31.
Frobes, Mairan, Pilgram, and Short.
Nov.
1.
Upsal. Burman.
u
1.
CVl>ius, Frobes, and Mairan.
a
2.
Celsius and Mairan.
ti
5.
"P llntiTn
it
12.
Frobes and Mairan.
Dec.
2.
Mairan and Pilgram.
a
18.
Frobes and Mairan.
1724.
Jan. 17. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
" 22-3. Upsal. Burman. 2
" 29. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
i Phil. Trans., XXXIV. 255.
2 Acta Lit. Suecia;, II. 13.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
29
Jan. 30.
Feb. 4.
" 11.
Mar. 24.
" 25.
" x.
April 14.
May 4.
" 22.
Aug. 4.
" 12.
" 17.
" 24.
" 31.
Sept. 9.
" 22.
" 23.
Oct. 16.
" x.
Nov. 8.
" 9.
" 16.
Dec. 6.
" 7.
" 8.
" 25.
Jan. 7.
" 8.
9.
" 12.
" 13.
Feb. 6.
" 9.
" 11.
" 12.
" 15.
Mar. 16.
April 2.
" 17.
" 24.
May 2.
Sept. 6.
" 9.
" 11.
" 16.
" 19.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Siveden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan,
Upsal. Burman. Frobes and Mairan.
Mairan and Pilgram.
Upsal. Burman. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Upsal. Burman. Frobes and Mairan.
Mairan and Pilgram.
Upsal. Burman. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Mairan.
Upsal. Burman. Frobes and Mairan.
Upsal. Burman. Frobes and Mairan.
Upsal.^ Burman. Frobes and Mairan.
Upsal. Burman. Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
1725.
Sweden. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Celsius, Frobes, Mairan, and Pilgram.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
Burman. 1 Frobes and Mairan.
Kirch. Mairan.
Burman. Frobes and Mairan.
Burman. Frobes and Mairan.
Kirch. Mairan.
Celsius and Mairan.
Upsal. Burman. 2
Upsal. Burman.
Upsal. Burman.
Mairan and Short.
Upsal. Burman.
Upsal.
Berlin.
Upsal.
Upsal.
Berlin.
Oct.
5.
a
5
a
5
a
6
a
6
a
7
a
7
a
7
u
8
a
9
a
14
a
15
Nov.
26
Dec.
5
(6
6
it
7
1 Acta Lit. Suecirc, II. 141.
Frobes and Mairan.
2 Ibid., III.
Jan.
u
Feb.
Mar.
21.
3.
19.
7.
2.
6.
" 10.
" 10.
" 14.
" 24.
" 25.
" 26.
" 26.
" 27.
" 27.
" 27.
" 28.
April 2.
" 23.
5.
26.
28.
10.
14.
14.
15.
17.
Sept.
Oct.
Berlin. Kirch. Ireland. Dobbs. 1
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes.
Upsal. Burman. Mairan and Pilgram.
Ireland. Dobbs.
Celsius, Mairan, and Pilgram.
Ireland. Dobbs. Berlin. Kirch.
Lynn. Rastrick. Upsal. Burman. Celsius.
Frobes, Mairan, and Pilgram.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Mairan and Short.
Mairan and Short
Upsal. Burman. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
1726.
Mairan and Short.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Upsal. Burman. 2 Frobes and Mairan.
Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Frobes, Mairan, and Phil. Trans.
Upsal. Burman.
Upsal. Burman. Frobes, Mairan, Phil. Trans.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Frobes, Mairan, and Phil. Trans.
Upsal. Burman.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. 3 The Delisles.
Upsal. Burman. Celsius and Frobes.
Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Phil. Trans, and Mairan.
Phil. Trans, and Mairan.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Near Paris. Mairan. Pilgram.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Short.
Lynn. Rastrick. 4
Upsal. Burman. Frobes, Mairan, and Short.
Lynn. Rastrick. Short.
Frobes, Mairan, and Phil. Trans.
i Phil. Trans., XXXIV. 128.
2 Acta Lit. Sueciae, II. 257.
3 Coram. Petrop., IX.
4 Phil. Trans., XXXIV. 255.
30
ON THE PERIODICITY OF TIIE AURORA BOREALIS.
I /if/!. Burman.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles, Mairan.
Berlin. Kirch. Lynn. Rastrick.
Petworth. Langwith. 1 Mairan. 2
Upsat. Burman. Celsius and Frobes.
Short and Thompson.
Fr.obes and Mairan.
Frobes, Mairan, and Phil. Trans.
Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Celsius, Mairan, and Phil. Trans.
Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Mairan. Phil. Trans.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Pilgram.
Lynn. Rastrick.
Mairan, Pilgram, and Short.
Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Beccari. 3
Frobes, Mairan, and Phil. Trans.
Upsal. Burman.
Pilgram. West. Godin.
Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Frolics and Mairan.
Mairan and Short.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
MontpelKer. Plantade. 4
Frobes, Mairan, and Phil. Trans.
/ r psaL Burman.
Frobes, Mairan, and Phil. Trans.
Upsal. Burman.
Celsius, Mairan, and Phil. Trans.
Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes.
Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Mairan and Phil. Trans.
1727.
Jan. 1. Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
" 2. Mairan and Phil. Trans.
i Phil. Trans., 1726, p. 132.
2 Mr. Herrick probably means this aurora when he refers to
the aurora of August 19, 1726, as having excited Mairan to his
great undertaking. Amer. Journ., XXIX. 388.
8 Comm. Bonon., I. 288.
4 Encyc. Method., I. 370.
Oct.
17.
tt
19.
a
19.
u
19.
a
19.
a
19.
u
20.
a
21.
u
23.
a
24.
a
26.
Nov.
2.
a
4.
it
4.
a
6.
u
6.
u
13.
tt
18.
u
18.
tt
18.
a
19.
a
19.
Dec.
1.
u
7.
a
10.
a
16.
u
16.
u
16.
a
17.
a
17.
u
18.
u
19.
u
20.
it
21.
It
21.
a
22.
u
23.
it
25.
it
26.
u
27.
Jan.
13.
u
15.
u
15.
tt
16.
u
16.
a
17.
a
27.
Feb.
13.
CI
18.
a
20.
a
21.
a
21.
a
22.
a
•21.
(C
27.
Mar.
9.
((
11.
u
11.
a
12.
it
13.
a
13.
a
13.
u
13.
a
14.
u
14.
a
14.
a
14.
u
15.
a
16.
a
16.
u
16.
a
17.
it
17.
a
18.
a
19.
a
19.
u
20.
a
24.
a
24.
a
24.
it
28.
a
29.
April 8.
it
10.
it
14.
it
18.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Langwith. 1
Frobes, Mairan, and Pilgram.
Langwith.
Celsius, Frolics, Mairan, and Pilgram.
Celsius, Frobes, Mairan, and Pilgram.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Italy. Beccari. Utrecht. Musscheubroek.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Siceden. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Italy. Beccari.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. Berlin. Kirch.
Petworth. Langwith.
Celsius, Frobes, Mairan, and Pilgram.
U/jsal. Burman. 2
Bologna. Zanotti. Lynn. Rastrick.
Berlin. Kirch. Petworth. Langwith.
Celsius, Frobes, Mairan, and Short.
Upsal. Burman.
Frobes and Mairan.
Bologna. Zanotti. Lynn. Rastrick. Short.
Celsius, Frobes, Mairan, and Pilgram.
Upsal. Burman.
Bologna. Zanotti. Mairan.
Celsius, Frobes, Mairan, and Pilgram.
Bologna. Zanotti and Beccari. Mairan.
Bologna. Zanotti and Beccari. Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Bologna. Zanotti. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Mairan. Celsius and Frobes.
Upsal. Burman.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Upsal. Burman. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Berlin. Kirch.
i Phil. Trans., XXXV. 304.
2 Acta Lit. Suecise, II. 493.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
31
April 18. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
May 13. Bologna. Zanotti. Mairan.
Aug. 1. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
" 6. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
" 22. Upsal. Burman. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
" 24. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
" 31. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Sept. 3. Cola (Russia). Croyere. 1
" 7. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
" 14. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
" 15. Cola. Croyere.
" 18. Cola. Croyere. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 18. The Delisles, Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
" 22. St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
" 22. Frobes and Mairan.
" 23. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
" 29. Cola. Croyere.
" 30. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Oct. 2. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
" 4. Cola. Croyere.
" 5. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
" 6. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
" 9. Cola. Croyere.
" 13. Frobes and Mairan.
" 14. St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
" 14. Upsal. Burman. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
" 15. Cola. Croyere. *Sif. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 15. The Delisles, Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
" 17. Italy. Beccari. Frobes and Mairan.
" 18. Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
" 19. Berlin. Kirch. Cola. Croyere.
" 19. Celsius, Frobes, Mairan, and Pilgram.
" 20. Upsal. Burman. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
" 21. Celsius, Frobes, Mairan, and Pilgram.
" 21. Upsal. Burman.
," 27. Cola. Croyere.
" 29. Cola. Croyere.
Nov. 1. Cola. Croyere.
" 3. Cola. Croyere. Celsius and Mairan.
" 4. Frobes and Mairan.
" 6. Frobes and Mairan.
" 7. . Cola. Croyere.
" 13. Cola. Croyere.
" 16. Cola. Croyere.
" 19. Cola. Croyere.
" 20. Upsal. Burman. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
" 22. Cola. Croyere.
" 23. Celsius and Mairan.
1 Delisle, Mem. pour servir a l'Histoire de 1'Astronomie.
Dec.
Nov. 24.
" 25.
" 25.
" 27.
" 29.
2.
6.
6.
9.
11.
11.
15.
16.
17.
19.
20.
23.
26.
31.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
1.
3.
12.
20.
29.
30.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
11.
12.
12.
13.
13.
13.
13.
14.
26.
29.
2.
2.
3.
4.
Celsius and Mairan.
Between Cola and Kilduin. Croyere.
Celsius and Mairan.
Between Cola and Kilduin. Croyere.
Behceen Cola and Kilduin. Croyere.
Kilduin. Croyere.
Kilduin. Croyere.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Kilduin. Croyere.
Between Kilduin and Cola. Croyere.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Between Kilduin and Cola. Croyere.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Siceden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Si!. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles, Mairan.
Cola. Croyere.
Cola. Croyere.
Cola. Croyere.
1728.
Sweden. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
Salem. Felt. 1
Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles, Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Mairan.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek. 2 Mairan, Pilgram.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Siceden. Celsius. Frobes, Mairan, PiWam.
Sioeden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes, Mairan, Pilgram.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Berlin. Kirch. Pilgram.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Mairan and Pilgram.
Si!. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles, Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles, Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles, Mairan.
i Hist, of Salem, II.
2 Tab. Met., 1 728.
32
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOKEALIS.
Mar.
8.
u
9.
a
10.
U
10.
it
14.
a
20.
it
20.
a
26.
a
27.
a
27.
a
28.
tt
28.
a
29.
a
30.
a
30.
a
31.
tt
31.
April
u
2.
2.
a
2.
it
2.
it
3.
a
3.
tt
3.
a
4.
tt
7.
a
9.
tt
9.
a
12.
a
12.
tt
15.
May
cc
1.
3.
a
30.
June
7.
tt
25.
tt
25.
July
a
1.
3.
a
13.
a
13.
a
13.
a
15.
a
16?
Aug.
2.
a
2.
a
25.
Plymouth, Eihj. Huxham. 1 Short.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. Tbe Delisles, Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobea ami Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek. Mairan.
Celsius, Frobes, and Pilgram.
Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
I F psaL Burman. 2
Frobes and Mairan.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Madras and Pilgram.
Bologna. Zanotti. Mairan.
Mairan and Phil. Trans.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Short.
Berlin. Kirch. Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Plymouth. Huxham. Ituly. Zanotti.
Celsius, Frobes, Mairan, and Pilgram.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Plymouth. Huxham. Short.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes, Mairan, and Phil. Trans.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Italy. Beccari. Mairan and Pilgram.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Mairan and Pilgram.
Mairan and Phil. Trans.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles, Mairan.
Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Berlin. Kirch. Celsius and Frobes.
Mairan. Pilgram.
Mairau and Phil. Trans.
Mairan. Pilgram.
Italy. Beccari. Berlin. Kirch.
Plymouth. Huxham. Phil. Trans.
Mairan. Pilgram.
Plymouth. Huxham.
Pilgram.
Plymouth. Huxham. Mairan.
Phil. Trans, and Pilgram.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles, Mairan.
l Anier. Journ., XXXIII. 298.
4 Acta Lit. Saecise, II. 513.
Sept,
Aug. 27.
" 28.
" 28.
" 29.
« 29.
" 30.
" 30.
" 31.
" 31.
« 31.
1.
5.
6.
7.
13.
15.
21.
26.
26.
27.
27.
28.
29.
29.
30.
30.
30.
2.
2.
2.
-2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
7.
7.
8.
11.
11.
12.
12.
12.
12.
13.
14.
Oct.
Kilduin. Croyere.
Plymouth. Huxham.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxham. Short and Mairan.
I yw//. Burman. Cel-ius, Frobes, and Pilgram.
Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
Siceden. Celsiu*. Frobes.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Upsal. Burman. Celsius.
Frobes, Mairan, and Pilgram.
Kilduin. Croyere.
Upsal. Burman. Frobes and Mairan.
Trans.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Mairan and Phil.
Sweden. Celsius
Ujisal. Burman.
Pilgram.
Cola. Croyere.
The Delisles.
Kirch. Mairan.
Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Italy. Beccari. Berlin.
St. Petersburg. Maier. 1
Frobes and Pilgram.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Siceden. Celsius. Frobes.
Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes.
Mairan, Pilgram, and Phil. Trans.
Italy. Beccari. Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
Zurich. Seheuchzer. 2 Mairan.
Siceden. Celsius. Frobes.
Phil. Trans, and Pilgram.
Cola. Croyere.
Frobes and Mairan.
Mairaq and Phil. Trans.
Cola. Croyere.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Mairan. Frobes and Pilgram.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxham.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Mairan. Upsal. Burman. Celsius.
Frobes, Short, and Pilgram.
Salem. Felt.
Celsius and Mairan.
i Coram. Petrop., IV. 181.
2 Acta Acad. Nat. Curios., II. 51, Appendix.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
33
Oct. 17. Celsius and Mairan.
" 18. Cola. Croyere. Mairan and Phil. Trans.
" 19. Cola. Croyere. Mairan and Phil. Trans.
" 24. Redbridge. Derham. 1 Mairan.
" 24. Siceden. Celsius. Frobes and Pilgram.
" 25. St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
" 25. Plymouth. Huxham. Short.
" 25. Mairan. Pilgram.
" 26. Plymouth. Huxham.
" 26. Cola. Croyere. Phil. Trans, and Mairan.
" 27. St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
" 29. Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
" 29. Cola. Croyere. Mairan.
" 29. Pilgram and Phil. Trans.
" 30. St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
" 30. Italy. Beccari.
" 30. Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
" 30. Mairan, Pilgram, and Phil. Trans.
" 31. Cola. Croyere.
Nov. 2. St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
" 2. Plymouth. Huxham. Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
" 2. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
" 2. Pilgram and Phil. Trans.
" 3. Mairan and Phil. Trans.
" 4. Mairan. Pilgram.
" 5. Upsal. Burman. Celsius.
" 5. Frobes and Mairan.
" 7. St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
" 8. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
" 12. Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
" 13. Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
" 15. Cola. Croyere.
" 16. Cola. Croyere.
" 22. Cola. Croyere.
" 22. Sweden. Celsius.
" 23. Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
" 23. Sweden. Celsius. 2 Frobes.
" 23. Pilgram and Phil. Trans.
" 27. Cola. Croyere.
" 29. Cola. Croyere.
Dec. 2. Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
" 3. St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
" 3. Plymouth. Huxham. Mairan and Short.
" 4. Frobes and Mairan.
" 7. Cola. Croyere.
« 10. Cola. Croyere.
1 Phil. Trans., XXXVI. 137.
2 Boue quotes Celsius for October 1 1 and 24 ; but Mairan
does not mention these days.
VOL. X. 5
Frobes and Mairan.
Mairan.
Dec. 14.
« 15.
" 27.
" 31.
Jan. 14.
" 15.
" 17.
" 17.
" 17.
" 18.
" 19.
« 20.
" 24.
" 25.
" 28.
Feb. 2.
" 3.
" 3.
" 7.
" 11.
" 16.
" 17.
" 23.
" 25.
" 27.
" 28.
Mar. 2.
" 15.
" 16.
" 25.
" 27.
" 28.
" 30.
Apr. 6.
" 19.
" 22.
" 24.
" 27.
" 28.
" 30.
May 1.
2.
" 2.
" 17.
" 22.
" 26.
" 27.
" 29.
Frobes and Mairan.
Cola. Croyere.
Cola. Croyere.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
1729.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Cola. Croyere.
Plymouth. Huxham. Short.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Pilgram and Phil. Trans.
Celsius and Mairan.
Between Cola and Kilduin. Croyere.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxham.
Kilduin. Croyere.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Kilduin. Croyere.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Between Kilduin and Cola. Croyere.
Celsius and Mairan.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Cola. Croyere. Frobes and Mairan.
Cola. Croyere.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxham. Mairan and Short
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxliam. Sweden. Celsius. Frobes.
Plymouth. Huxham. Mairan and Short.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Celsius and Mairan.
Celsius and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. Frobes.
34
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
May. 29.
" 81.
June 15.
« 26.
July 7.
Aug. 29.
Sept. 10.
" 12.
" 15.
" 15.
" 20.
« 21.
" 22.
" 22.
" 22.
« 23.
" 26.
Oct. 2.
" 11.
" 13.
'• 13.
" 17.
" 21.
" 22.
" 22.
" 24.
" 25.
" 25.
Nov. 16.
« 16.
" 16.
" 16.
" 17.
" 18.
" 19.
« 20.
" 30.
Dec. 17.
« 22.
" 27.
" 30.
Paris ? Mairan. Pilgram.
Frobes and Mairan.
Paris ? Mairan. Frobes.
Paris ? Mairan. Frobes.
Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Oustiong. Croyere. Sioeden. Celsius. 1
Paris. Mairan. Frobes.
Frobes, Mairan, and Pilgram.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Paris. Mairan. Pilgram.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes.
Plymouth. Huxham. Mairan and Short.
Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Berlin. Kirch. Sweden. Celsius.
Paris. Mairan. Frobes and Pilgram.
Frobes and Mairan.
Phil. Trans. Mairan.
Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxham. Short.
Paris. Cassini. Mairan. 2
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Plymouth. Huxham. Phil. Trans.
Berlin. Kirch. Paris. Mairan. Pilgram.
Celsius. Frobes and Short.
Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Kirch. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden.
Sweden.
Sweden.
Sweden.
Sweden.
Sweden.
Berlin.
Sweden.
Sweden.
Sioeden.
Celsius.
Celsius.
Celsius.
1730.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Jan. 8. Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
" 8. Sweden. Celsius. Frobes.
" 9. Mairan, Pilgram, and Phil.Trans.
" 16. St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
1 Acta Lit. Sueeite, II. 611.
2 Me"m. de l'Acad. 1729, p. 321.
Jan.
16.
u
17.
a
26.
Feb
3.
a
4.
a
7.
it
9.
«
10.
u
15.
u
15.
a
15.
a
16.
a
16.
K
16.
u
18.
u
27.
Blar
. 2.
u
2.
u
3.
u
6.
u
6.
u
6.
a
6.
M
6.
it
9.
a
10.
a
11.
a
13.
u
13.
it
15.
u
15.
a
16.
a
16.
it
17.
it
18.
it
18.
it
20.
it
21.
it
22.
it
22.
a
28.
Apr
. X.
a
7.
Sweden. Celsius.
Sweden. Celsius.
Sweden. Celsius.
Sweden. Celsius.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Paris. Mairan. Pilgram.
Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Geneva. Cramer. 1 Italy. Beccari.
Sweden. Celsius. 2 Frobes and Pilgram.
Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
Betw'n Schleusselb'g S; St. Petersb'g. Croyere.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes.
Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes.
Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Plymouth. Huxham. Abo. Sporing. 8
Paris. Bouillet. 4 Italy. Beccari.
Celsius, Frobes, Mairan, and Pilgram.
Short and Phil. Trans.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Bologna. Zanotti. 6 Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Bologna. Zanotti and Beccari.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Abo. Sporing. Celsius and Frobes.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Mairan and Thompson.
Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Bologna. Zanotti. Frobes and Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxham. Mairan and Short.
Bologna. Zanotti. Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes.
Abo. Sporing. Mairan.
Boue and Mairan. 6
Phil. Trans. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
1 Phil. Trans. XXXVI. 279.
2 Acta Lit. Sueciae, HI. A. 106.
8 Acta Lit. Sneciffi, III. A. 109.
1 Mem. de l'Acad. 1730.
6 Comm. Bonon. II. Pt. III. 489.
6 Not in any special catalogue.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
35
Apr. 9. St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxham. Berlin. Kirch.
Paris. Mairan. Frobes, Pilgram, and Short.
Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Abo. Sporing. Celsius and Frobes.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Italy. Beccari. Paris. Mairan. Pilgram.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Abo. Sporing. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Paris. Mairan. Frobes and Pilgram.
Bologna. Zanotti and Beccari.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Abo. Sporing. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Abo. Sporing. Celsius and Frobes.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Abo. Sporing.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Abo. Sporing. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Abo. Sporing.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg, Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Thompson.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
8. St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
8. Plymouth. Huxham. Short.
8. Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
9. Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
10. Sweden. Celsius. Frobes.
10. Mairan and Phil. Trans.
11. Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
11. Sweden. Celsius. Frobes.
13. St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
17. St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
C(
12.
u
12.
u
13.
tt
14.
u
14.
tt
15.
tt
15.
a
19.
tt
20.
a
22.
May 2.
" 5.
u
9.
tt
29.
tt
29.
June 21.
u
21.
Julj
tt
5.
6.
((
17.
u
19.
u
31.
Aug
.15.
u
19.
u
23.
(I
23.
«
24.
(i
24.
((
29.
tt
29.
«
30.
Sept 2.
" 3.
tt
4.
tt
4.
U
5.
tt
6.
tt
6.
tt
7.
Sweden.
Berlin.
Sweden.
Sweden.
Sept.17.
" 20.
" 21.
" 27.
" 27.
" 28.
" 30.
" 30.
Oct. 3.
" 4.
" 4.
" 5.
" 5.
G.
6.
" 7.
" 7.
" 7.
" 8.
" 8.
" 9.
" 9.
" 9.
" 9.
" 10.
" 11.
" 11.
" 12.
" 12.
" 14.
" 16.
" 17.
" 17.
" 20.
" 23.
" 20.
" 21.
" 22.
" 23.
" 23.
" 26.
Nov. 2.
2.
" 2.
2.
" 2.
" 2.
« 3.
i Phil. Trans., XXXVII., 55.
2 Svenska Vetcnsk. Acad. Handl. XIII. 145.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Paris. Mairan. Pilgram.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes.
Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Kirch. Mairan.
Celsius. Frobes.
Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Pilgram.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Huxham. Plymouth. Sioeden. Celsius.
F robes, Mairan, Short, and Pilgram.
Huxham. Plymouth. Short.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxham. Wittemberg. "Weidler.
Paris. Mairan. Abo. Sporing.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Pilgram.
Berlin. Kirch. Abo. Sporing.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Pilgram.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Paris. Mairan.
Abo. Sporing. Celsius and Frobes.
Berlin. Kirch.
Paris. Mairan. Abo. Sporing. Frobes.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Abo. Sporing. Pilgram.
Boue.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Mairan and Pilgram.
Berlin. Kirch. Celsius and Frobes.
Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. Frobes and Mairan.
<Si. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Pilgram.
Mairan and Pilgram.
Frobes and Mairan.
Paris. Mairan. Berlin. Kirch.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Cambridge, Mass. Winthrop and Greenwood. 1
Salem. Felt. Philadelphia. Kahn. 2
Annapolis, Maryland. Lewis.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Thompson.
Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
36
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Nov. 3.
" 4.
4.
" 5.
" 5.
" 5.
" 6.
« 7.
" 7.
8.
" 9.
" 10.
" 12.
" 14.
" 17.
18.
" 19.
" 21.
" 22.
" 25.
« 28.
« 30.
" [ x.
Dec. 2.
" 8.
" 9.
" 14. 1
" 14.
« 17.
" 23.
« 25.
" 26.
" 28.
Jan.
2.
" 2.
" 2.
" 10.
" 26.
Feb. 4.
« 10.
" 10.
" 28.
Mar. 1.
" 2.
" 2.
« 2.
Siceden. Celsius. Frobes and Filgram.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Abo. Sporing. Pilgram.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Berlin. Kirch. Phil. Trans.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Phil. Trans, and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
The Delisles. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan,
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Abo. Sporing. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Abo. Sporing. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Boue quotes from Celsius.
Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes, and Mairan.
Italy. Beceari. Mairan.
Abo. Sporing. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Abo. Sporing. Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Celsius and Mairan.
Abo. Sporing. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Abo. Sporing. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan ?
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
1731.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
Siceden. Celsius. Frobes.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. 2 Frobes and Mairan.
Bologna. Zanotti and Beceari.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxham. Short.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Siceden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
1 Or 4. See Traite, &c, par Mairan, p. 495.
2 Acta Lit. SuecijE, III. B. 44.
Mar. 4.
u
7.
tt
7.
a
8.
it
9.
a
9.
u
14.
tt
14.
Apr
. 3.
24.
It
27.
May 7.
" 14.
Aug
.21.
a
24.
a
27.
u
27.
u
28.
u
29.
a
30.
a
31.
a
31.
Sepl
u
. 1.
13.
a
20.
a
24.
(1
26.
«
26.
a
26.
a
27.
a
28.
a
28.
tt
29.
a
30.
a
30.
Oct
X.
a
X.
u
2.
tt
2.
a
a
. 2 -
'3.
a
3.
tt
3.
tt
4.
tt
4.
u
4.
ti
4.
a
5.
tt
7.
u
7.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Phil. Trans.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
St. Petersburg "? Kraft.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Phil. Trans.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Boue\
Mairan and Short.
Plymouth. Huxham.
Phil. Trans, and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Siceden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxham. Short.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Wittemberg. "Weidler.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxham.
Siceden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxham. Short and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Pilgram.
Paris? Mairan. Celsius and Pilgram.
Wittemberg. Weidler.
Paris f Mairan. Pilgram.
Paris ? Mairan. Pilgram.
Paris ? Mairan. Pilgram.
Siceden. Celsius. Frobes.
Phil. Trans, and Mairan.
Phil. Trans, and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
Philadelphia. Breintnal. Kahn and Pilgram.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Berlin. Kirch. Pilgram and Phil. Trans.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Berlin. Kirch. Wittemberg. Weidler.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Pilgram and Phil. Trans.
Pilgram.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Berlin. Kirch. Wittemberg. Weidler.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
o —
Ol
Oct. 7.
" 8.
■ 8.
" 8.
" 8.
" 10.
" 16.
" 23.
" 23.
" 23.
" 25.
" 28.
" 29.
Nov. 2.
« 4.
" 6.
" 11.
" 17.
" 18.
" 27.
" 29.
" 30.
. 1.
4.
5.
6.
7.
18.
20.
21.
27.
30.
30.
31.
Dec
Jan.
1.
3.
4.
5.
6.
16.
17.
18.
26.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Pilgram and Phil. Trans.
Plymouth. Huxham. Wittemlerg. "Weidler.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Italy. Beccari. Berlin. Kirch.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes.
Mairan, Pilgram, and Phil. Trans.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Berlin. Kirch.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Pilgram and Phil. Trans.
Mairan 1 and Pilgram.
Paris. Mairan. Pilgram.
Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Phil. Trans and Mairan.
Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Siceden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Phil. Trans, and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
. Mairan. Pilgram.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
. Mairan. Pilgram.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxham. Short.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius.
1732.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. 2
Celsius.
Celsius. Mairan. 3
Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden.
Sweden.
Sweden.
Siceden.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
1 Mem. del' Acad. 1731, p. 385.
2 Acta Lit. Suecia:, III. B. 44.
8 Compare pp. 492 and 544, of Traite' par Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Swede?!. Celsius. Frobes.
Paris. Mairan. 1
Plymouth. Huxham. Short.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Siceden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxham. Short.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes.
Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles.
Berlin. Kirch. Phil. Trans.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Berlin. Kirch. Phil. Trans.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Siceden. Celsius. Frobes.
Paris. Mairan.
Si?. Petersburg. The Delisles.
Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
1 Me'm. de i'Acad. 1733, p. 47S.
Jan
26.
a
27.
a
28.
a
28.
M
29.
tt
29.
a
29.
a
30.
a
30.
Feb
. 2.
it
7.
a
12.
tt
17.
a
17.
a
18.
a
18.
it
19.
a
20.
a
21.
tt
22.
a
24.
a
24.
a
26.
a
27.
a
28.
a
29.
a
29.
a
29.
Mai
. 1.
U
2.
tt
3.
(t
12.
a
13.
tt
14.
a
15.
tt
18.
a
21.
it
21.
u
21.
tt
22.
it
22.
a
23.
a
23.
tt
24.
tt
24.
tt
24.
a
25.
a
25.
38
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Mar. 26. Paris ? Mairan. Frobes.
27. Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
•' 28. St. Petersburg. The Delisles.
" 28. Berlin. Kirch. Paris ? Mairan.
28. Sweden. Celsius. Frobes.
" 29. St. Petersburg. The Delisles.
" 29. Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
" 31. St. Petersburg. The Delisles.
" 31. Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Apr. 1. St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Celsius. Mairan.
" 2. Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
3. St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Paris. Mairan.
" 4. St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
" 16. Paris. Mairan.
" 17. Paris. Mairan. Sweden. Celsius. Frobes.
18. Sweden. Celsius. Paris. Mairan. Frobes
" 19. Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
20. Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
" 22. Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
" 24. Berlin. Kirch. Mairan and Phil. Trans.
" 25. Paris. Mairan.
" 26. Paris. Mairan.
" 27. Paris. Mairan.
May 14. Paris. Mairan.
" 20. Paris. Mairan.
" 23. Paris. Mairan.
June 25. Frobes and Mairan.
" 26. Paris. Mairan. Frobes.
July 12. Paris. Mairan.
•' 21. Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
" 27. St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
Aug. 19. Meudon. Mairan.
" 22. Witlemberg. Weidler. Berlin. Kirch.
" 22. Sweden. Celsius. Phil. Trans.
" 22. Paris. Mairan. Frobes.
" 23. Celsius, Frobes, and Mairan.
" 27. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 30. Paris. Du Fay. Mairan.
Sept. 1. St. Petersburg. The Delisles.
" 1. Paris. Buache. Mairan and Thompson.
" 5. Paris. Mairan.
" 10. Berlin. Kirch. Breuillepont. Mairan.
" 10. Frobes and Phil. Trans.
" 11. Breuillepont. Mairan.
" 18. St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
" 18. Italy. Veratti. 1
" 19. St. Petersburg. The Delisles.
" 19. Breuillepont. Mairan. Frobes.
« 20. St. Petersburg. The Delisles.
» Comm. Bonon II. Pt. III. 493.
Sep
.20.
U
21.
tt
23.
a
24.
a
25.
a
26.
tt
26.
tt
27.
tt
27.
a
28.
Oct.
1.
u
2.
u
3.
St
5.
a
5.
a
5.
a
6.
u
7.
a
12.
tt
14.
a
15.
u
16.
u
17.
u
18.
a
19.
u
20.
a
22.
a
22.
a
23.
tt
23.
u
23.
u
24
tt
25.
u
26.
it
29.
Nov
. 1.
H
4.
tt
5.
u
9.
it
9.
a
11.
a
12.
a
12.
a
12.
a
13.
a
14.
tt
15.
a
19.
a
20.
a
21.
Breuillepont. Mairan. Frobes.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. Breuillepont. Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles.
Paris. Mairan. Frobes.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles.
Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
Paris. Mairan.
Paris. Mairan.
Paris. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles.
Berlin. Kirch. Paris. Mairan
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes.
Paris. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
Paris. Mairan.
Paris. Mairan. Frobes.
Paris. Mairan.
Paris. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Paris. Mairan
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
Paris. Mairan.
Berlin. Kirch. Paris. Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Paris. Mairan.
Berlin. Kirch. Phil. Trans.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes.
Paris. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Paris. Mairan,
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Paris'! Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Paris. Mairan.
Paris. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Paris. Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles.
Berlin. Kirch. Frobes and Thompson.
Copenhagen. Horrebow. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Frobes. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Italy. Beccari. Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
30
Nov
.22.
st
24
Dec,
7.
U
10.
u
12.
a
13.
a
16.
a
18.
tt
19.
Jan. 12.
« 17.
" 19.
Feb. 13.
« 14
" 16.
Mar. 2.
« 3.
" 5.
" 17.
" 22.
" 25.
Apr. 1.
" 1.
■ 2.
« 13.
" 18.
May 6.
" 9.
" 14
" 16.
" 16.
" 20.
July 7.
" 7.
« 7.
" 8.
" 21.
« 21.
Aug. 6.
« 7.
" 14.
" 17.
« 29.
Sept. 6.
" 19.
" 27.
" 2.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Paris. Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
Sweden. Celsius. Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
1733.
Celsius and Mairan.
Celsius and Mairan.
Paris. Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxham. Mairan and Short.
Paris. Mairan.
Paris. Mairan.
Berlin. Kirch. Celsius and Mairan.
Berlin. Kirch. Celsius and Mairan.
Celsius and Mairan.
Celsius and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxham.
Celsius, Mairan, and Short.
Paris. Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Berlin. Kirch. Paris. Mairan. Celsius.
Paris. Mairan.
Paris. Mairan.
Phil. Trans, and Mairan.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Phil. Trans.
Paris. Mairan.
Paris. Mairan.
Italy. Beccari. Wittemberg. Weidler.
Berlin. Kirch. Paris. Mairan.
Celsius. Frobes and Phil. Trans.
Plymouth. Huxham. Mairan and Short.
Plymouth. Huxham. Short.
Paris. Grandjean. Mairan.
Copenhagen. Plelo.
Paris. Mairan.
Paris. Mairan.
Berlin. Kirch
Paris. Mairan.
Paris. Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxham.
Breuillepont. Mairan.
Breuillepont. Mairan.
Paris. Mairan.
Mairan and Short.
Oct. 3. Berlin. Kirch. Breuillepont. Mairan.
" 4. Breuillepont. Mairan.
" 6. St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
" 7. Breuillepont. Mairan.
" 8. Breuillepont. Mairan.
" 9. Breuillepont. Mairan.
" 10. Plymouth. Huxham. Berlin. Kirch.
" 10. Breuillepont. Mairan. Short.
Xov. 7. Plymouth. Huxham. Wittemberg. Weidler.
" 7. Berlin. Kirch. Paris. Mairan.
" 7. Short and Phil. Trans.
" 11. St. Petersburg. Kraft. Mairan.
" 12. St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
" 12. Paris. Mairan.
" 27. Plymouth. Huxham.
" 29. Plymouth. Huxham.
Dec. 8. Plymouth. Huxham. Short.
" 8. Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
" 10. Plymouth. Huxham.
" 22. Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
" 23. Utrecht. Musschenbroek. Pilgram.
" 30. Paris. Mairan.
" 31. St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
1734.
Jan. 8. Berlin. Kirch. Paris. Mairan.
" 23. Lincopia. Sparschuch. 1
" 24. Lincopia. Sparschuch.
" 25. Lincopia. Sparschuch.
" 28. Lincopia. Sparschuch.
Feb. 2. Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
" 3. Berlin. Kirch. Lincopia. Sparschuch.
" 3. Utrecht. Musschenbroek. 2
" 3. Paris. Mairan. 8 Phil. Trans.
" 4. Lincopia. Sparschuch.
" 14. Lincopia. Sparschuch.
" 22. Paris. Mairan and Godin. 4
" 22. Lincopia. Sparschuch.
" 23. St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
" 23. Mairan and Thompson ?
" 24. Lincopia. Sparschuch.
" 26. Paris. Mairan.
" 27. Lincopia. Sparschuch.
Mar. 1. Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
5. Lincopia. Sparschuch.
8. St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisle.-.
i Acta Lit. Saeciae, IV. 185.
2 Mem. de l'Acad., 1734. p. 579.
* Mem. de l'Acad., 1734. p. 569.
Ibid. p. 567.
40
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Mar. 8.
" 10.
" 17.
" 22.
•' 22.
•• 25.
" 26.
" 30.
« 31.
Apl. 5.
7.
8.
8.
" 8.
9.
9.
" 10.
May 1.
4.
5.
G.
" 24.
" 25.
" 20.
" 27.
" 28.
" 29.
« 30.
" 31.
June 24.
July 2.
" 5.
" 7.
" 8.
Aug. 6.
" 7.
" 20.
" 20.
" 23.
" 31.
Sept. 1.
" 2.
" 3.
« 8.
" 9.
" 18.
" 19.
" 19.
" 19.
Paris. Mai ran.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek. Mairan.
Mairan and Short.
Mairan and Short.
Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Paris. Mairan.
Paris. Mairan.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek. Paris. Mairan.
Wittemberg. AVeidler.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek. Paris. Mairan.
Berlin. Kirch.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Phil. Trans, and Mairan.
Bologna. Zanotti. Mairan.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek. Paris. Maraldi.
Plymouth. Huxham. Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Plymouth. Huxham. Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Paris. Mairan.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Wittemberg. Weidler.
Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Paris. Mairan.
Paris. Mairan.
The Delisles. Mairan.
The Delisles. Mairan.
The Delisles. Mairan.
The Delisles. Mairan.
St. Petersburg.
St. Petersburg.
St. Petersburg.
St. Petersburg.
Plymouth. Huxham.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles.
Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
Lincopia. Sparschuch.
Paris. Mairan. Frobes.
Mairan.
Sept.20.
" 20.
" 21.
" 23.
" 23.
" 24.
" 25.
" 27.
" 28.
" 29.
" 29.
" 30.
Oct. 1.
" 1.
" 2.
" 2.
" 4.
" 5.
6.
" 6.
" 14.
•' 14
" 15.
" 16.
" 17.
" 19.
" 20.
" 21.
" 23.
" 25.
" 26.
" 27.
" 28.
" 29.
" 30.
" 31.
Nov.14.
" 15.
" 19.
" 22.
" 26.
Dec. 17.
" 19.
" 25.
" 25.
Jan. 21.
" 25.
Plymouth. Huxham. Short.
Nointel. Mairan.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles.
Nointel. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek. Nointel. Mairan.
Nointel. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek. Paris. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
The Delisles. Mairan.
The Delisles. Mairan.
The Delisles. Mairan.
St. Petersburg.
St. Petersburg.
Paris. Mairan
St. Petersburg.
Paris. Mairan.
Paris. Mairan.
Paris. Mairan.
Paris. Mairan.
Paris. Mairan.
Paris. Mairan.
Paris. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Paris. Mairan.
Paris. Mairan.
Paris. Mairan.
Paris. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
Paris. Mairan.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
Between Havre and Paris. Bouguer.
1735.
Lincopios. Sparschuch.
Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
OF THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
41
Jan. 26. Wittemherg. Weidler. Berlin. Kirch.
" 26. Lincopice. Sparschuch.
Feb. 4. St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
" 13. St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
" 21. Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
" 22. Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
" 22. Wittemherg. Weidler. Thompson.
" 24. St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
Mar. 4. St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
" 13. Frobes and Mairan.
" 15. Frobes and Mairan.
" 20. Frobes and Mairan.
" 22. Frobes and Mairan. 1
" 23. Wittemherg. Weidler. Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
" 24. Wittemherg. Weidler. Berlin. Kirch.
" 24. Frobes, Mairan, and Phil. Trans.
" 25. Italy. Beccari.
" 25. Wittemherg. Weidler. Mairan.
" 26. St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
Apr. 16. St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
" 17. St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
" 18. St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
" 18. Wittemherg. Weidler. Lincopice. Sparschuch.
" 19. St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
" 20. Boud.
" 21. St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
" 22. Frobes and Mairan.
" 23. Wittemherg. Weidler. Berlin. Kirch. Mairan.
" 25. Boue" quotes from the Delisles. .
Aug. 20. Plymouth. Huxham.
" 22. St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
" 23. St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
" 27. St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
" 31. Plymouth. Huxham. Short.
" 31. St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
Sept. 1. St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
" 10. St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
" 15. St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
" 16. St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
" 17. St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
" 18. St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
" 23. St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
" 24. St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
" 24. Near London. Celsius. Phil. Trans.
" 25. St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
Oct. 3. Plymouth. Huxham.
" 11. St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
1 Musschenbroek saw auroras from the 22d to 31st of March.
See Musschenbroek, Introd. § 2496 ; or Encyc. Method. I. p. 369.
VOL. X. 6
Oct.
14.
a
15.
a
15.
a
22.
a
23.
a
24.
Nov.12.
u
13.
it
14.
it
14.
it
15.
a
18.
Dec
8.
it
10.
ti
13.
it
15.
it
18.
a
20.
a
22.
ti
22.
Jan. 7.
" 22.
Feb. 6.
" 7.
" 13.
" 16.
" 17.
" 17.
" 17.
" 18.
« 20.
" 20.
" 27.
" 28.
Mar. 1.
" 15.
" 30.
" 30.
Apr. 3.
Plymouth. Huxham. Mairan and Short.
Bloomshurg. Celsius.
Mairan, Short, and Phil. Trans.
London. Celsius. Mairan and Phil. Trail-.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan. Short.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
Lincopice. Sparschuch.
Lincopice. Sparschuch.
Wittemherg. Weidler. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Lincopice. Sparschuch.
Wittemherg. Weidler. Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Peterborough. Neve. 1
Edinhurg. Short, Mairan and Phil. Trans.
1736. 2
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Celsius. Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Plymouth. Huxham.
Plymouth. Huxham.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxham. Lincopice. Sparschuch :;
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Frobes, Mairan, and Phil. Trans.
Plymouth. Huxham.
Lincopice. Sparschuch.
Cambridge, JSng. Celsius.
Mairan and Phil. Trans.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxham.
Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
St Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
Lincopice. Sparschuch.
Mairan. 4
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
> Phil. Trans. XL. 53.
2 At Utrecht, 62 auroras were observed in this year. Date-
not given. See letter of Musschenbroek to Du Fay. Mem. dc
l'Acad. 1736, p. 504.
8 Acta Lit. Sueciffl, IV. 249.
4 See his general catalogue, p. 545 of Traite &e. Boue
ascribes the observation incorrectly to the Delisles.
42
OF THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIP.
Apr. 5.
•• 14.
« 14.
" 14.
May 4.
July 7.
" 8.
Aug. 13.
•• 15.
" 20.
" 25.
" 29.
Sept. 3.
I.
" 4.
" 5.
" 5.
" 9.
" 13.
" 17.
" 24.
" 25.
" 25.
" 26.
" 27.
" 29.
" 29-
" 30.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
C.
7-
7.
7.
7.
8.
8.
10.
20.
22.
24.
25.
26.
Oct,
Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles.
Lincopia. Sparschuch. London. Celsius.
Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Italy. Beceari. Mairan.
Italy. Beceari. Mairan.
Italy. Beceari. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxham.
Plymouth. Huxham.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
Wittemherg. "Weidler. Mairan.
Lincopia. Sparschuch.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxham. Phil. Trans.
Plymouth. Huxham.
<Sl!. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
Upsal. Wallerins. 1
UpsaL Wallerins.
Upsal. Wallerins. Phil. Trans.
Italy. Beceari. Mairan and Short.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Upsal. Wallerius.
Lincopia. Sparschuch.
30. Upsal. Wallerius.
Italy. Beceari. Mairan.
Upsal. Wallerins. Jit. Kittis. Celsius. 2
Mt. Kittis. Celsius.
Jit. Kittis. Celsius.
Jit. KittU. Celsius.
Upsal. Wallerius.
Upsal. Wallerius.
Oct. 26.
" 27.
" 27.
" 28.
" 28.
« 29.
" 29.
" 30.
Nov. 7.
" 8.
9.
" 17.
« 18.
" 19.
" 19.
" 24.
" 24.
'• 25.
" x.
Dec. 1.
« 3.
'• 10.
" 12.
" 18.
" 18.
" 19.
" 22.
" 22.
" 23.
" 24.
" 25.
" 31.
Jit. Kittis.
>. Upsal.
Mi. Kittis
Lincopia.
Plymouth.
Plymouth.
Jit. Kittis.
Wittemberg.
Celsius.
Wallerius.
Celsius. Mairan
Sparschuch.
Huxham.
Huxham.
Celsius.
Weidler,
Short.
Short.
Mairan.
Mairan.
Upsal. Wallerius.
Frobes and Mairan.
Upsal. Wallerius.
Lincopia. Sparschuch.
Wittemberg. Weidler.
Jan.
Tremblay. Du Fay. 3
Frobes and Mairan.
Lincopia. Sparschuch.
Wittemberg. Weidler.
Frobes, Mairan, and Phil. Trans.
Upsal. Wallerius. Mt. Kittis. Celsius.
Frobes, Mairan, and Phil. Trans.
Mt. Kittis. Celsius.
Frobes, Mairan, and Phil. Trans.
Frobes and Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxham. Mairan and Short
Mairan and Short.
Mairan and Short.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxham. Mairan and Short.
St. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxham. Short.
I'll/month. Huxham. Lincopia. Sparschuch.
Edinburg. Short. 1 Frobes and Mairan.
Lincopia. Sparschuch.
Mairan.
Si. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
/ ),s<il. Wallerins. Mt. Kittis. Celsius.
J/'. Kittis. Celsius.
Tornea. Celsius.
Oftcer- Tornea. Maupertius. 2
Upsal. Wallerius.
Tornea. Celsius.
Celsius. Thompson.
De Fouehy. Boue.
Tornea.
Paris.
Tornea.
Tornea.
Tornea.
Tornea.
Celsius.
CeL-ius.
Celsius.
Celsius.
1737.
Italy. Beceari. Tornea. Celsius. Mairan.
Tornea. Celsius.
Sit. Petersburg. The Delisles. Mairan.
Tornea. Celsius.
Mairan. Phil. Tran?
1 Acta Lit. Sueciie, IV. 220.
- Acta Lit. Suecia:, IV. 254.
8 Mem. de l'Acad. 1736, p. 505.
Tornea. Celsius.
Tornea. Celsius.
Tornea. Celsius.
" 9. Tornea. Celsius.
" 9. Salem. Holyoke."
" 9. Philadelphia. Breintnal. 4 Kahn.
" 12. Tornea. Celsius.
" 13. Upsal. Wallerius. Tornea. Celsius.
1 Phil. Trans. XLI. Pt. I. 368.
2 Oeuvres, III. 157.
3 Felfs Salem, II. 137.
1 Phil. Trans., XLI. Pt. I. 359.
OF THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
43
Jan.
Feb.
Mar,
15.
19.
20.
21.
22.
24.
29.
30.
31.
1.
2.
3.
5.
22.
23.
27.
28.
2.
3.
6.
18.
21.
28.
28.
29.
29.
3.
4.
6.
7.
" 10.
" 11.
" 22.
« 24.
June 3.
" 30.
Aug. 20.
" 20.
" 21.
" 21.
" 21.
" 22.
" 22.
" 23.
" 23.
" 23.
Apr.
Tornea. Celsius.
Tornea. Celsius.
Vpsal. Wallerius. Lincopia. Sparschuch. 1
Tornea. Celsius.
Upsal. "Wallerius. Tornea. Celsius
Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
Upsal. Wallerius. Tornea. Celsius.
Lincopia. Sparscbucb.
Lincopia. Sparscbucb. Tornea. Celsius.
Lincopia. Sparscbucb.
Tornea. Celsius.
Tornea. Celsius.
Tornea. Celsius.
Kiemi. Celsius.
Kiemi. Celsius.
Tornea. Celsius.
Upsal. Wallerius.
Tornea. Celsius.
Tornea. Celsius.
Tornea. Celsius.
Plymouth. Huxbara. Mairan and Sbort.
Mairan, Sbort, and Phil. Trans.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan. 2
Wittemherg. Weidler. Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxham. Short.
Wittemherg. Weidler. Mairan.
Mt. Kittis. Celsius.
Mt. Kittis. Celsius.
Jit. Kittis. Celsius.
Mt. Kittis. Celsius.
Wittemherg. Weidler.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Tornea. Celsius.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxham. Phil. Trans.
Wittemherg. Weidler. Mairan and Short.
Italy. Beccari. Plymouth. Huxham. Short.
Wittemherg. Weidler.
Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Plymouth. Huxham. Mairan and Short.
Philadelphia, $c. Kahn. 3 Phil. Trans.
Plymouth. Huxham. Wittemherg. Weidler.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Mairan, Short, and Phil. Trans.
Mairan.
The Delisles. Mairan.
The Delisles. Mairan.
1 Acta Lit. Sueciffi, IV. 437.
2 Comm. Petrop. IX. 359.
8 Penn. Gazette.
Aug. 24. St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
" 25. Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
" 25. St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles.
Sept. 4. St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
" 14. Mairan and Phil. Trans.
" 18. St. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
" 22. lincopia;. Sparscbuch. Frobes and Mairan.
" 24. Lincopice. Sparscbuch.
" 27. Mairan, Short, and Phil. Trans.
" 28. Lincopia. Sparschuch. Mairan.
" 28. Phil. Trans, and Short.
" 30. Mairan, Short, and Phil. Trans.
Oct. 1. Mairan, Short, and Phil. Trans.
" 2. Mairan and Phil. Trans.
" 23. St'. Petersburg. Kraft. The Delisles. Mairan.
" 24. Mairan and Phil. Trans.
" 25. Mairan and Phil. Trans.
" 26. Mairan. 4 Boue.
Nov. 6. Lincopia. Sparscbuch.
" 11. Lincopia. Sparschuch.
" 12. Lincopia. Sparschuch. Plymouth. Huxham.
" 18. Plymouth. Huxham.
" 26. Wittemherg. Weidler. Mairan.
" 30. Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Dec. 12. Lincopia. Sparschuch.
" 16. Bologna. Zauotti and Beccari. 1
" 16. Plymouth. Huxham. Wittemherg. Weidler.
" 16. Frobes, Mairan, Thompson, and Phil. Tran-.
" 19. Montpelier. Plantade. Siberia. Gmelin.-
" 20. Mairan and Phil. Trans.
" 21. Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
" 22. Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
" 28. Italy. Beccari. Frobes and Mairan.
1738.
Jan. 25. Plymouth. Huxham.
Feb. 12. St. Petersburg. Kraft. 8
" 16. Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
" 19. Mairan and Short.
Mar. 8. Lincopia. Sparscbucb. Mairan. 4
" 18. Mairan, Short, and Phil. Trans.
" 19. Mairan. 4
" 21. Lincopia. Sparschuch.
Apr. 1 0. Mairan, Short, and Phil. Trans.
" 16. Plymouth. Huxham.
July 11. Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
1 Comm. Bonon. II. Pt. I. 476.
2 Comm. Petrop. XI. 252. 8 Ibid. XI. 244.
4 Mairan gives an aurora on these dates in his general cata-
logue (Traite', p. 545), but not iu any special one.
44
OF THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Lincopice. Sparschuch.
Lincopim. Sparschuch.
Plymouth. Huxham.
Plymouth. Huxham. Lincopice. Sparschuch.
Plymouth. Huxham.
Plymouth. Huxham.
Lincopice. Sparschuch.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Lincopice. Sparschuch.
Wittemberg. TTeidler. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Lincopice. Sparschuch.
Lincopice. Sparschuch.
Lincopice. Sparschuch.
Lincopice. Sparschuch.
Lincopice. Sparschuch.
Lincopice. Sparschuch.
Lincopice. Sparschuch.
1739.
Lincopice. Sparschuch.
Lincopice. Sparschuch.
Mairan and Short.
Frobes and Mairan.
Upsal. Celsius. 1
St. Petersburg. Kraft. 2
Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Upsal. Celsius.
Mairan, Short, and Phil. Trans.
Frobes and Mairan.
Upsal. Celsius. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Frobes and Mairan.
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius. Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Plymouth. Huxham. Short.
Mairan and Phil. Trans.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Bologna. Zanotti and Beccari.
Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Plymouth. Huxham. Upsal. Celsius.
1 Mem. Etrang. Paris, IV. 137. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. I.
256.
2 Comm. Petrop. XI. 255.
Aug. 13.
" 19.
Sept. 4.
" 19.
Oct. 12.
" 27.
" 28.
Nov. 1.
4.
5.
" 7.
" 14.
Dec. 2.
" 4.
" 4.
6.
" 7.
9.
" 10.
" 15.
" 17.
" 19.
" 27.
Jan. 2.
((
27.
u
30.
u
30.
Feb
a\
U
1.
a
9.
it
15.
a
17.
tt
27.
a
27.
Mar
. 5.
«
6.
a
6.
u
7.
a
8.
a
10.
tt
10.
a
11.
a
12.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. Mairan.
Frobes, Short, and Phil. Trans.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. Siberia. Gmelin. 1
/ r psal Celsius. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Frobes and Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxham.
I'jisal. Celsius.
Bologna. Zanotti and Beccari. Oliva. 2
( 'helsea. Martyn. Phil. Trans.
Padua. 3 Poleni. Frobes and Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. Siberia. Gmelin.
Upsal. Celsius. Siberia. Gmelin.
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius.
I 'psal. Celsius.
Philadelphia, Breintnal. Kahn.
Plymouth. Huxham. Siberia. Gmelin.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
/ psal. Celsius.
I 'psal. Celsius.
I'jisul. Celsius.
Plymouth. Huxham. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Upsal. Celsius
Upsal. Celsius.
Bologna. Zanotti. Matteucci and Mairan.
Philadelphia. Breintnal. Kahn.
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius.
Ipsa!. Celsius.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Upsal. Celsius.
St. L'etersburg. Kraft.
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal Celsius. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
I psal. Celsius.
I 'psal. Celsius.
iSif. Petersburg. Kraft.
Plymouth. Huxham. Cambridge. Winthrop. 5
Philadelphia. Breintnal. Kahn.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Plymouth. Huxham.
Mairan, Short, and Phil. Trans.
1 N. Comm. Petrop. VI. 458.
2 Comm. Bonon. II. Pt. I. 479.
8 Comm. Petrop. VIII. 440.
1 Comm. Bonon. II. Pt. III. 496.
5 Amer. Journ., XL. 206.
Mar. 12.
U
12.
it
13.
it
14.
ti
15.
a
22.
a
26.
«»
27.
it
29.
a
29.
a
29.
a
29.
a
.30.
Apr
1.
it
4.
it
5.
it
9.
it
10.
a
10.
a
10.
a
20.
a
28.
a
29.
May 1.
a
2.
tt
4.
June 2.
u
2.
Au«
. 2.
a
10.
a
12.
a
21.
a
28.
a
30.
u
31.
Sept. 5.
«
6.
u
7.
a
8.
a
9.
u
23-
I.
23.
If
23.
«
24.
a
24.
OF THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA B0REALI8.
45
Sept. 25.
" 26.
" 26.
" 27.
'< 28.
« 28.
" 29.
" 30.
Oct. 1.
" 3.
" 24.
" 25.
" 29.
" 30.
" 31.
Nov. 1.
2.
« 4.
« 5.
" 11.
" 16.
" 23.
« 27.
Dec. 6.
" 13.
" 14.
Jan. 2.
" 3.
" 4.
" 23.
" 25.
" 27.
" 27.
" 30.
Feb. 1.
" 23.
" 24.
" 27.
« 28.
Mar. 1.
Mairan, Short, and Phil. Trans.
Upsal. Celsius.
Mairan, Short, and Phil. Trans.
Upsal. Celsius. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Upsal. Celsius. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Wittemberg. "Weidler. Mairan.
Mairan, Short, and Phil. Trans.
Upsal. Celsius. Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Celsius.
Upsal.
Upsal.
Upsal.
Upsal.
Upsal.
Upsal.
Celsius.
Celsius. 1
Celsius.
Celsius.
Celsius.
Mairan and Short.
Mairan and Short.
Upsal. Celsius. Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan,
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius. Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius.
Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius.
Mairan, Short, and Phil. Trans.
Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Upsal. Celsius.
1740.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Upsal. Celsius.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Upsal. Celsius. 3
Pome. Didacus de Revillas. 3 BoutS.
Mairan and Phil Trans.
Upsal. Celsius.
Celsius.
Celsius.
Celsius. 4
Celsius.
Celsius.
Upsal.
Upsal.
Upsal.
Upsal.
Upsal.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Si. Petersburg. Kraft.
1 This and the nine following observations of Celsius are not
given in the Svenska Vetensk. Acad., but are contained in the
Me'm. Etrang. Paris, IV. 137.
2 Svenska Vetensk. Acad. II. 67, and Acta Soc. Upsal. 1740,
p. 38, &c.
8 This appears to have been the Aurora Austratis. Phil. Trans.
XLI. 744.
* This and the observations of March 9 and 10, and of Aug.
29, are not given in the Acta Soc. Upsal.
Mar. 4. Upsal. Celsius.
" 9. Upsal. Celsius.
" 10. Upsal. Celsius.
" 11. Ujjsal. Celsius.
" 19. Upsal. Celsius.
" 23. Upsal. Celsius. Plymouth. Huxhaiu.
" 23. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 24. Upsal. Celsius. Plymouth. Huxham.
" 24. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 25. Plymouth. Huxham. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 26. Upsal. Celsius.
May 22. Upsal. Celsius.
June 7. Plymouth. Huxham.
July 10. Upsal. Celsius.
Aug. 17. Upsal. Celsius.
" 21. Upsal. Celsius.
" 29. Upsal. Celsius.
Sept.12. Upsal. Celsius.
" 15. Upsal. Celsius.
" 22. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 25. Upsal. Celsius. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 26. Upsal. Celsius. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Oct. 16. Upsal. Celsius.
" 17. Mairan, Short, and Phil. Trans.
" 20. Upsal. Celsius.
" 23. Upsal. Celsius.
" 24. Upsal. Celsius. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 27. Upsal. Celsius.
" 31. Upsal. Celsius.
Nov. 3. Upsal. Celsius. Thompson.
" 11. Upsal. Celsius.
" 16. Upsal. Celsius. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 18. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Dec. 7. Upsal. Celsius.
" 18. Upsal. Celsius.
" 20. Upsal. Celsius.
1741.
Jan. 12. Italy. Beccari. Mairan. 1
" 14. Upsal Celsius and Iliorter.
" 19. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 20. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 21. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 21. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 21. Cambridge. Winthrop.
" 23. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
1 In Mairan's special catalogue it stands, Jan. 13. Traite' &c.
p. 507.
2 Svenska Vetensk. Acad. III. 14, and Acta Soc. Upsal. 1750,
p. 100.
46
OF THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Jan. 23. Wittenberg. Weidler. Mairan.
" 24. Upsal Celsius and Hiorter.
" 26. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 27. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Feb. 2. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 5. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 7. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 8. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 9. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 14. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
« 15. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 16. Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
" 16. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 17. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter. 1
" 25. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
Mar. 2 JJpsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 5. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 6. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 7. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 11. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter. 9
" 11. Mairan and Phil. Trans.
" 12. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 12. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 13. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 16. Plymouth. Huxham. Mairan and Phil. Trans.
" 16. Cambridge. Winthrop.
" 17. Mairan ami Phil. Train.
" 19. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 20. Plymouth. Huxham. Mairan and Phil. Trans.
" 26. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 30. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
Apr. 1. Plymouth. Huxham.
" 4. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 6. Upsal Celsius and Hiorter. Mairan. Short
" 6. Philadelphia. Breintnal. Kahn.
" 6. Cambridge. Winthrop. St. Petersburg. Kraft
" 9. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 10. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 12. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 13. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 15. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 16. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
« 16. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 17. Mairan and Short.
" 18. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
July 10. Plymouth. Huxham.
" 23. Plymouth. Huxham.
1 Not in Svenska Vetensk. Acad.
2 Not in Acta Soc. Upsal.
July 23. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
Aug. 8. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 9. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 10. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 10. Mairan and Short.
" 13. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
13. Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan and Short
" 14. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 19. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
2<\ Upsal Celsius and Hiorter.
" 21. Upsal Celsius and Hiorter.
" 22. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 23. Upsal Celsius and Hiorter. 1
" 27. Upsal Celsius and Hiorter. 1
Sept. 4. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 5. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 6. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 7. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 8. Upsal Celsius and Hiorter.
" 9. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 9. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 10. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 10. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 11. Upsal Celsius and Hiorter. 8
15. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 15. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 18. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 19. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Oct. 1. Mairan and Short.
" 2. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 2. Plymouth. Huxham. Mairan and Short.
" 3. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 3. Mairan and Short.
" 4. Upsal Celsius and Hiorter.
" 5. Upsal Celsius and Hiorter. 4
'• 6. Cambridge. Winthrop.
" 7. Cambridge. Winthrop.
" 7. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter. 6
" 8. Upsal Celsius and Hiorter.
" 8. Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
" 8. Plymouth. Huxham. Cambridge. Winthrop.
" 8. Gottingen. Hollmann. 6
" 9. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 9. Italy. Beccari. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
1 Not in Svenska Vetensk. Acad.
2 Not in Acta Soc. Upsal.
8 Not in Acta Soc. Upsal.
* Not in Svenska Vetensk. Acad.
6 Not in Acta Soc. Upsal.
6 Coram. Gott. III. 7.
OF THE PERIODICITY OF TOE AURORA BOREALIS.
Oct. 9. Mairan, Short, and Phil. Trans.
" 9. Gottingen. Hollmann.
" 10. Upsal. Celsius and Iliorter.
" 10. St. Petersburg. Kraft. Mairan and Short.
" 11. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 12. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 12. St. Petersburg. Kraft. Mairan and Short.
" 13. Upsal. Celsius and Iliorter. 1
" 14. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 14. Mairan and Short.
" 15. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 15. Mairan and Short.
" 1G. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 17. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 19. Upsal. Celsius and Iliorter.
" 28. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Nov. 2. Wittemberg. Weidler. 2 Mairan.
" 4. Upsal. Celsius and Iliorter.
" 6. Upsal. Celsius and Iliorter.
" 9. Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
" 11. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter. .
" 11. Mairan and Short.
" 12. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 12. Upsal. Celsius and Iliorter."
" 14. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 14. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 17. Upsal. Celsius and Iliorter.
" 29. Upsal. Celsius and Iliorter.
Dec. 1. Upsal. Celsius and Iliorter.
" 2. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter. 4
" 3. Upsal. Celsius and Iliorter. 1
" 4. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 4. Upsal. Celsius and Iliorter.
" 7. Upsal. Celsius and Iliorter.
" 8. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 8. Upsal. Celsius and Iliorter.
" 1 2. Upsal. Celsius and Iliorter.
" 17. Upsal. Celsius and Iliorter.
" 18. Upsal. Celsius and Hiorter.
" 21. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 21. Upsal. Celsius and Iliorter. 6
1742.
Jan. 2. Mairan and Short.
'• Neither this nor the next is in Acta Soc. Upsal.
2 Mairan gives this and that of Nov. 9 in Weidler's special
catalogue, but not in his own general catalogue. Compare pages
503 and 545 of his Traite' &c.
3 Not in Svenska Vetensk. Acad.
4 Not in Svenska Vetensk. Acad.
6 Not in Svenska Vetensk. Acad.
Jan. 3.
9.
Feb. 2.
" 4.
9.
" 10.
" 11.
" 15.
" 25.
" 2G.
1.
Mar
a
9.
a
12.
a
13.
u
1G.
a
17.
a
19.
a
25.
a
25.
u
26.
a
26.
a
26.
a
27.
a
27.
«
27.
Apr
2.
a
4.
u
4.
u
9.
a
10.
a
12.
u
13.
a
16.
a
22.
a
23.
a
23.
a
27.
May
23.
Aug
10.
it
12.
a
13.
a
26.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Upsal. Celsius. 1
Upsal. Celsius. 2
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
Upsal. Celsius.
St. Petersburg. Kraft. 8
Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxhani. Siberia. Gmelin
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Upsal. Celsius. Plymouth. Huxham.
Plymouth. Huxham.
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Plymouth. Huxham.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Upsal. Celsius. Plymouth. Huxham.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Siberia. Gmelin.
Plymouth. Huxham.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Kraft.
Kraft.
Kraft.
Kraft.
Kraft.
St. Petersburg.
St. Petersburg.
St. Petersburg.
St. Petersburg.
St. Petersburg.
Cambridge. Winthron. 5
Upsal. Celsius.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Upsal. Celsius.
Wittemberg. AVe idler.
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius. St. Petersburg
1 Not in Acta Soc. Upsal.
2 Svenska Vetensk. Acad. IV. 54.
8 Comm. Petrop. XIV. 241.
4 N. Comm. Petrop. XI. 323.
6 Amer. Jour., XL. 2(14.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Siberia. Gmelin.
Mairan.
Kraft.
48
OF THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Aug. 26. Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
27. St. Petersburg. Braun.
•• 28. Upsal. Celsius.
" 30. Upsal. Celsius. St Petersburg. Kraft.
" 30. Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
" 31. Upsal Celsius.
Sept. 6. UpsaL Celsius.
7. Upsal. Celsius
B 7. Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
10. Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
" 19. Upsal. Celsius.
•• 23. UpsaL Celsius.
25. Upsal. Celsius.
•■ 26. />■'//. Celsius. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 27. Upsal Celsius. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
■ 2a Upsal Celsius.
" 29. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Oct. 1. Upsal. Celsius.
3. l),-'.il ( • 1-ius.
4. Upsal Celsius.
" 8. St. Petersburg. Kraft. Gottingen. Hollmann.
" 22. Mairan and Short.
« 23. C/W. Celsius.
23. Cambridge. Winthrop. Mairan and Short.
" 2-5. t>sa/. Celsius.
" 26. Upsal Celsius. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
« 27. Q?*a£ Celsius. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 2J ■<//. Celsius.
« 29. E$mo7. Celsius. & Petersburg. Kraft.
" 31. £>*a/. Celsius.
Nov. 18. UpsaL Celsius.
« 19. Upsal. Celsius.
» 24. .S>. Petersburg. Kraft.
'• 26. ,S>. Petersburg. Kraft.
Dec. 16. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
< ; 17. f/W. Celsius.
" 19. E£moL Celsius.
" 22. Wittemberg. Weidler.
'• 22. Mairan and Phil. Trans.
" 24. tburg. Kraft.
" 26. Wittemberg. "Weidler. Mairan.
" 29. Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering. 1
" 30. Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
1743.
Jan. 2. Upsal Celsius.
" 3. tburg. Kraft.
'• 4. St. Petersburg. Kraft.
1 Mem. Amer. Acad. IX. 112.
Jan. 23.
Upsal. Celsius.
• 23.
ibridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
■ 23.
Plymouth. Huxham.
•• 30.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
Feb. 14.
UpsaL Celsius.
" 18.
Upsal Celsius.
" 20.
UpsaL Celsius.
" 26.
UpsaL Celsius.
" 27.
'1 Celsius.
Mar. 1.
UpsaL Celsius.
" 15.
\aL Celsius.
" 16.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
•■ 17.
Upsal Celsius.
" 19.
Celsius. Plymouth. Iluxhara
" 19.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
« 20.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
" 20.
St Petersburg. Kraft. 2
" 21.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
« 24.
Upsal C'cImus.
« 24.
Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
"
UpsaL Celsius.
« 26.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
» _
UpsaL Celsius.
« 28.
Wit'emberg. Weidler. Mairan.
Apr. 3.
Upsal CeLius.
8.
UpsaL CVl-ius.
< : 12.
iL Celsius. Plymouth. Huxham
" 12.
& Petersburg. Kraft.
• 13.
UpsaL Celsius.
•• 14.
1 j j sal. Celsius.
■■ 20.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
« 21.
UpsaL Celsius.
« 28.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
May 14.
UpsaL Celsius.
July 9.
Plymouth. Huxham.
Aug. 19.
/}-.-'//. Celsius.
■ 22.
UpsaL Celsius.
« 24.
UpsaL Celsius.
" 26.
1. Cel-i'.
" 29.
[ 'jjsal. Celsius.
Sept. 1.
St. /'■ '■ rsburg. Kraft.
" 11.
UpsaL Celsius.
• 18.
UpsaL Celsius.
« 19.
UpsaL Celsius.
" 19.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
'• 22.
UpsaL Celsius.
" 26.
Upsal. Celsius.
i Svenska Vetensk. Acad. V. 145.
■ Comm
Petrop. XIV - ■
OX THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
49
Sept. 28.
Upsal
Celsius.
Dee. 25.
Plymouth. Huxham.
Oct. 1.
Upsal.
Celsius.
" 28.
Upsal. Celsius.
4.
Ipsa!.
Celsius.
« 31.
Upsal. Celsius.
7.
Upsal.
Celsius.
1745.
S.
Upsal.
Celsius.
8.
Wittemberg. 'Weidler.
Mairan.
Jan. 1.
Upsal. Celsius.
•• 10.
Upsal.
Celsius.
" 4.
Plymouth. Huxham.
« 20.
Upsal.
Celsius.
" 21.
Wittemberg. Weidler. 3
" 25.
Upsal.
Celsius.
■ 27.
Upsal. Celsius. 1
•• 26.
Upsal.
Celsius.
« 2&
Upsal. Celsius.
Nov. 5.
Cambridge. "Winthop
Lovering.
* 29.
Stuttgart. Du Vernoi. 3
7.
Upsal.
Celsius.
Feb. 3.
Upsal. Celsius.
" 13.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
" 19.
Upsal. Celsius.
" 17.
Upsal.
Celsius.
" 20.
Plymouth. Huxham.
" 19.
Upsal.
Celsius.
« 21.
Upsal. Celsius.
•• 21.
Upsal.
Celsius.
" 23.
Upsal. Celsius.
Dec. 14
Upsal.
Celsius.
« 24.
Upsal. Celsius.
•• 17.
Upsal.
Celsius.
« 26.
Upsal. Celsius.
" 18.
Upsal.
Celsius.
1744.
« -27.
June 13.
Sept.14.
" IS.
Upsal. Celsius.
Tubingen. Kraft.
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius.
Jan. 11.
Upsal.
Celsius.
Oct. 7.
Upsal. Celsius.
Feb. 9.
Upsal.
Celsius. 1
" 9.
Italy. Beecari. Mairan.
•• 17.
Upsal.
Celsius.
« 17.
Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
Mar. 5.
Upsal.
Celsius.
Nov. 28.
Upsal. Celsius.
6.
Upsal.
Celsius.
" 29.
Upsal. Celsius.
" 14.
Upsal.
Celsius.
Pee. 14.
i psal. Celsius.
Apr. 2.
Wittemburg. 'Weidler.
Mairan.
•• 15,
Upsal. Celsius.
2.
Plymouth. Huxham.
■ 16.
Upsal. Celsius.
•• 30.
Upsal.
Celsius.
" 17.
Upsal. Celsius.
June 7.
Londoi
. Mairan and Phil.
Trans.
« IS.
Upsal. Celsius.
" 1.3.
Upsal.
Celsius.
•• 20.
South America. At Cusco 12
S. Lat. BoueV-
1746.
■ 27.
UpsaL
Celsius.
Jan. 9.
Tubingen. Kraft.
Sept. 8.
Upsal.
Celsius.
" 10.
Upsal. Celsius.
•■ 10.
Upsal.
Celsius.
" 11.
Upsal. Celsius.
Oct 1.
Ipsal.
Celsius.
" 12.
Upsal. Celsius. 8
Ipsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius.
3.
Italy.
Beccari. Mairan.
« 14.
Nov. 10.
Upsal.
Celsius.
•• 20.
Dec x.
Mairan and
Phil.
Trans.
" 29.
Stuttgart. Du Vernoi.
X.
Mairan and
Phil.
Trans.
Feb. 10.
Upsal. Celsius.
X.
Mairan and
Phil.
Trans.
« 11.
Upsal. Celsius. Tubingt
■ X.
Mairan and
Phil.
Trans.
« 12.
Upsal. Celsius.
X.
Mairan and
Phil.
Trans.
« 13.
Upsal. Celsius.
6.
Tubingen. Kraft. 8
•
" 14.
Upsal. Celsius.
1 Svenska Vetensk.
Acad. VL IS
1 Svenska Vetensk. Acad. VII. 72.
; Mi'm. do t'Acad.
1747. p 17.
2 N. Comm. Petrop. I. 144.
s X. Comm. Petrop
. I. 144.
8 Svouska Vetensk. Acad. VIII. 155.
VOL. X.
•3
Mairau.
Kraft.
50
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Feb. 15.
Tubingen ? Kraft.
" 16.
Upsal.
Celsius.
" 20.
Plymouth. Huxham.
" 21.
Upsal.
Celsius.
" 22.
Upsal.
Celsius.
" 24.
Upsal.
Celsius.
" 26.
Upsal.
Celsius.
Mar. 5.
Philad
elpkia. Breintna
and Kalm.
" 9.
Upsal.
Celsius.
" 10.
Upsal.
Celsius. Plymouth. Huxham.
" 12.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
" 12.
Upsal.
Celsius. Canada
. Gauthier. K
" 13.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
" 14.
1 psaL
Celsius.
" 20.
Upsal.
Celsius.
" 25.
J'li/iuoi
th. Huxham.
" 29.
Cambri
dge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
Apr. 12.
1 '/isal.
Celsius.
June 12.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering. 1
" 12.
Quebec.
Gauthier. Kalm.
" 15.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering. 2
July 4.
Cambri
dge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
Aug. 4.
/ psai.
Celsius.
Sept.15.
Upsal.
Celsiu3.
" 18.
Upsal.
Celsius.
" 21.
Upsal.
Celsius.
" 23.
Upsal.
Celsius.
" 25.
Upsal.
Celsius.
" 26.
Upsal.
Celsius.
Oct. 12.
Upsal.
Celsius.
" 15.
Upsal.
Celsius.
" 16.
1 psaL
Celsius.
" 17.
Upsal.
Celsius.
" 18.
Upsal.
Celsius. Plymo
uth. Huxham.
" 19.
Upsal.
Celsius.
" 20.
1 'psal.
Celsius.
" 21.
Upsal.
Celsius.
" 23.
Upsal.
Celsius.
" 25.
Upsal.
Celsius.
•' 26.
Upsal.
Celsius.
" 27.
Upsal.
Celsius.
" 28.
Upsal.
Celsius.
" 31.
Upsal.
Celsius.
Nov. 2.
Tubing
en. Kraft.
" 3.
Tubingen. Kraft.
4.
Tubing
m. Kraft.
1 Mem. de l'Acad., 1747, p. 473.
2 Force quotes from " Voyage to Hudson's Bay," II. 11, to the
effect that auroras were seen, in Lat. 58° and Long. 49°, in
June, &c, 1746.
Nov. 5. Steinebrunn. Bischoff. 1
" 8. Tubingen. Kraft.
" 14. Upsal. Celsius.
" 15. Upsal. Celsius.
" 16. Upsal. Celsius.
" 17. Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
" 21. Tubingen. Kraft.
Dec. 1. Tubingen. Kraft.
" 14. Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering
" 14. Upsal. Celsius.
" 15. Upsal. Celsius.
" 18. Upsal. Celsius. Tubingen. Kraft.
" 27. Upsal. Celsius.
" 29. Tubingen. Kraft.
1747.
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius. Tubingen. Kraft.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
Plymouth. Huxham.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius. 2 Plymouth. Huxham.
Upsal. Celsius.
Tubingen. Kraft. 8
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Upsal. Celsius.
Tubingen.. Kraft.
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius.
Mairan and Phil. Trans.
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius.
Upsal. Celsius.
I psal. Celsius. Plymouth. Huxham.
I r psal. Celsius.
Tubingen. Kraft.
Upsal. Celsius.
Tubingen. Kraft.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Cambridge. Winthop. Lovering.
1 N. Comm. Petrop. I. 149.
2 Svenska Vetensk. Acad. XI. 276.
3 N. Comm. Petrop. III. 390.
Jan.
3.
a
4
a
6
a
8
a
9
a
9
it
10
a
13
tt
18
Feb
2.
a
6.
a
7.
ft
9.
«
24.
Mar
3.
«
6.
ft
7.
ft
10.
u
16.
a
19.
u
20.
a
21.
«
28.
Apr.
2.
tc
3.
ft
6.
u
11.
ft
19.
May
29.
July
5.
ON TIIE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
51
Aug. 20.
" 30.
" 31.
Sept. 3.
5.
" 10.
" 27.
" 27.
Oct. 2.
« 9.
Nov. 3.
Dec. 2.
" 3.
" 4.
" 5.
" 8.
" 13.
«' 17.
" 18.
" 24.
" 26.
Cambridge. 1 Winthrop. Lovering.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
Tubingen. Kraft.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Wiltemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
Gottingen. Hollmann. 2
Hollmann.
Kraft.
Huxham.
Weidler. Mairan.
Bischoff. 3
Bischoff.
Bischoff.
Bischoff.
Plymouth. Huxham.
Jan.
« 9.
" 11.
" 13.
" 31.
Feb. 2.
" 3.
« 5.
" 8.
" 16.
« 18.
« 19.
" 22.
" 27.
Mar. 6.
" 9.
" 12.
" 18.
« 19.
Gottingen.
Tubingen.
Plymouth.
Witlemberg.
Steinebrunn.
Steinebrunn.
Steinebrunn.
Steinebrunn.
Upsal. Celsius.
Vpsal. Celsius.
Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
1748.
Steinebrunn. Bischoff.
Steinebrunn. Bischoff.
Steinebrunn. Bischoff.
Upsal. Celsius.
Steinebrunn. Bischoff.
Steinebrunn. Bischoff.
Steinebrunn. Bischoff.
Upsal. Ferner. 4
Plymouth. Huxham.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Steinebrunn. Bischoff.
Steinebrunn. Bischoff.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Witlemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
Stuttgart. Volzius. 5
Upsal. Ferner.
Steinebrunn. Bischoff.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
1 Celsius says auroras were seen at Upsal often in August,
and several times in Sept. Oct. and November.
2 Comm. Gott. III. 43, &c. Also IV. 18, &c.
8 N. Comm. Petrop. III. 391.
« Svenska Vetensk. Acad. XIII. 101.
6 N. Comm. Petrop. III. 391.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Ipsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Stuttgart. Volzius.
Stuttgart. Volzius.
Tubingen. Kraft.
Steinebrunn. Bischoff.
Stuttgart. Volzius.
Gottingen. Hollmann.
Tubingen. Kraft.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Ipsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Gottingen. Hollmann.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Gottingen. Hollmann.
Plymouth. Huxham.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Steinebrunn. Bischoff.
Upsal. Ferner. 1
Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
Steinebrunn. Bischoff.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Steinebrunn. Bischoff. 2
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Upsal. Ferner. Plymouth. Huxham.
Upsal. Ferner.
Ipsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Near Philadelphia. Kalm.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Witlemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
Stuttgart. Volzius.
1749.
Jan. 4. Stuttgart. Volzius.
1 Auroras were seen at Upsal on two other days in October.
2 Auroras were seen at Upsal six times in November.
Mar
20.
a
21.
IC
27.
it
28.
u
29.
Apr.
7.
8.
u
9.
a
12.
May
a
1.
8.
June
3.
a
14.
Aug
.14.
u
19.
u
20.
ti
26.
ii
29.
u
30.
Sept
a
. 6.
8.
tt
11.
it
17.
U
18.
it
19.
ii
21.
u
22.
it
23.
Oct.
8.
u
11.
it
22.
it
29.
Xov
. 1.
it
28.
Dec
15.
u
15.
u
16.
ii
17.
it
18.
it
20.
a
20.
a
21.
a
23.
a
24.
a
27.
52
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Jan.
31.
Feb
1.
ft
9.
u
10.
ti
11.
ii
13.
a
15.
u
16.
a
23.
a
27.
Mar
. 9.
u
9.
a
10.
a
11.
u
12.
a
13.
u
18.
a
20.
a
21.
u
21.
tt
22.
a
23.
a
28.
it
29.
Apr
1.
n
3.
H
5.
ft
5.
it
7.
it
10.
it
11.
ii
12.
u
13.
a
18.
a
18.
a
20.
ti
25.
a
27.
May
10.
a
11.
ti
14?
June 7.
July
21.
Aug
.16.
Sep
. 4.
ft
5.
it
7.
Stuttgart. Volzius.
Stuttgart. Volzius.
Vpsal. Ferner.
Vpsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Stuttgart. Volzius.
Near Philadelphia. Kalm.
Cambridge. Wintlirop. Lovering.
Upsal. Ferner. 1
Stuttgart. Volzius.
Cambridge. "Wintlirop. Lovering.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner. Wargentin.-
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner. Stuttgart. Volzius.
Steinebrunn. Bischoff.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Stuttgart. Volzius.
Stuttgart. Volzius.
Stuttgart. Volzius.
Stuttgart. Volzius.
I psal. Ferner.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Upsal. Ferner.
Gottingen. Hollmann.
Stuttgart. Volzius.
Gottingen. Hollmann.
Upsal. "Wargentin.
Upsal. Ferner. Stuttgart. Volzius.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Stuttgart. Volzius.
Stuttgart. Volzius.
Stuttgart. Volzius.
Gottingen. Hollmann.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Stuttgart. Volzius.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Canada. Kalm.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
1 Svenska Vetensk. Acad. XIII. 215.
2 Acad. Coil. Etrang. Dijon. XI. 191.
Acad. XI. 57.
Svenska Vetensk.
Sept.13.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
Leipsic. Heinsio. 1 Gottingen. Hollmann.
Tubingen. Kraft. Steinebrunn. Bischoff.
Upsal. Ferner. Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
Upsal. Ferner.
I psal. Ferner.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Upsal. Ferner.
Ipsa!. Ferner.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
I 'jisal. Ferner.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
1750.
Upsal. Ferner.
/ 'psal. Ferner.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Wittemberg. AVeidler. Mairan.
Tooting. Miles. Baker. 2 Reuss.
Leipsic. Heinsio. Upsal. Ferner. 8
Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Thompson.
Chelsea. Martyn. 4 Paris. Fouchi. 6
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
Gottingen. Hollman.
Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner. Gottingen. Hollmann.
Tubingen. Kraft. 6 Steinebrunn. Bischoff.
Upsal. Ferner. Plymouth. Huxham.
Mairan, Reuss, and Phil. Trans.
I psal. Ferner. Thompson.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan. Reuss.
i N. Comm. Petrop. IV. 477.
2 Phil. Trans. XLVI. 346 & 399, where it is accidentally put
down for Jan. 23, 1751, though the communication bears an
earlier date.
8 Svenska Vetensk. Acad. XIV. 255.
* Phil. Trans. XLVI. 319.
6 Encyc. Method. I. 353.
6 N. Comm. Petrop. V. 403.
u
17.
it
22.
it
22.
Oct.
3.
u
8.
ii
10.
ii
11.
ii
18.
a
18.
tt
27.
Nov
. 6.
ii
6.
it
9.
ii
28.
Dec
7.
a
12.
ft
17.
Jan.
1.
«
5.
u
5.
a
6.
a
6.
u
23.
Feb
3.
ft
3.
it
3.
ti
3.
it
4.
it
4.
it
4.
it
7.
a
9.
a
10.
a
14.
a
26.
a
26.
a
27.
a
27.
a
27.
ON TIIE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
53
Philadelphia. Kalm. Chelsea. Martyn. 1
Plymouth. Huxham. The Hague. Gabry. 2
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Upsal. Ferner. Gottingen. Hollmann.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Steinebrunn. Bischoff.
Italy. Beccari. Mairan. 8
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Upsal. Ferner.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Upsal. Ferner.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Philadelphia. Kahn.
Cambridge. Winthop. Lovering.
Philadelphia. Kalm.
Stockholm. Ekeberg. 4 South Carolina, U.S. 6
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
Tubingen. Kraft. Steinebrunn. Bischoff.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Leipsic. Heinsio.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner. Gottingen. Hollmann.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Bologna. Zanotti and Beccari. Mairan.
Reyger. Boue. 6 Reuss.
Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
Upsal. Ferner.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Tubingen. Kraft.
Upsal. Ferner. Leipsic. Heinsio.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Upsal. Ferner. Gottingen. Hollmann.
i Phil. Trans. XL VI. 345.
a Phil. Trans. XL VII. 39.
8 In his general catalogue, it is April 13. Traite &c. p. 546.
4 Acad. Coll. Etrang. Dijon. XL 191. 6 Gent. Mag. XX. 428.
6 Nat. Gesell. Danzig. Abh. in. 258.
Feb
.27.
EC
27.
Mai
. 4.
a
4.
a
7.
EC
9.
u
11.
EC
11.
EC
12.
a
14.
a
15.
Apr
. 3.
u
8.
u
8.
a
9.
u
9.
EC
14.
U
14.
E£
30.
EC
30.
ii
30.
Maj
1.
CC
2.
a
12.
July
26.
EC
26.
it
28.
Aug
.10.
u
16.
a
17.
»
24.
CI
24.
ii
26.
K
26.
a
26.
it
27.
ci
29.
Sept
. 4.
»
6.
»
22.
ti
23.
Oct.
12.
«
20.
Nov
. 2.
it
4.
ii
5.
Upsal. Ferner.
Tubingen. Kraft.
Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
Gottingen. Hollmann.
Gottingen. Hollmann.
Upsal. Ferner.
1751.
Steinebrunn. Bischoff.
Tubingen. Kraft.
Gottingen. Hollmann.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Wittemberg. Weidler. Mairan.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Steinebrunn. Bischoff. 1
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Upsal. Ferner. 2
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Upsal. Ferner.
Tubingen. Kraft.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Italy. Beccari. Mairan.
Tubingen. Kraft.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Tubingen. Kraft.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner. Thompson. 3
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner. Steinebrunn. Bischofl.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Ipsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner. Tubingen. Kraft.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
1752.
Jan. 9. Upsal. Ferner.
i N. Comm. Petrop. V. 405.
12 Svenska Vetensk. Acad. XV. 175.
8 Annals of Phil. 1814. IV. 427.
Nov.
6.
CC
20.
Dec.
14
((
19
CC
28
it
31
Jan.
8.
Ct
11
Feb.
11.
a
12.
a
19.
a
19.
cc
22.
EC
24.
Mar. 17.
Apr.
2.
a
2.
June 10.
CC
27.
Aug
19.
Sept
.14
a
22.
ti
26
a
27.
u
30
Oct.
22.
it
23
cc
27.
a
28.
a
30
Nov
2
a
3.
a
6.
ct
8
Dec.
2.
CE
8
CC
9
CC
10
ii
11
ii
13
ii
19
EE
25
54
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREAEIS.
Jan. 13.
" 15.
" 16.
" 19.
" 19.
" 20.
" 21.
" 22.
" 29.
Feb. 10.
" 12.
" 16.
" 17.
" 18.
Mar. 4.
8.
•• 10.
" 11.
" 1 2.
" 13.
" 16.
" 17.
" 18.
" 27.
May 17.
« 24.
« 28.
July 27.
Aug. 1.
" 11.
« 12.
" 13.
" 15.
Sept. 3.
8.
" 27.
Oct. 2.
3.
" 5.
" 6.
" 7.
" 12.
" 12.
" 13.
'• 14.
Lovering.
Upsal. Ferner. 1
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal. Ferner.
Steinebrunn. Bischoff.
Upsal. Ferner.
Ferner.
FerneTr.
Ferner.
Ferner.
Ferner.
Ferner.
Ferner. Tubingen
Gotlingen. Hollmann.
Upsal. Ferner.
Ferner.
Ferner.
Ferner.
Ferner.
Ferner.
Ferner.
Ferner.
Steinebrunn. Bischoff.
Tubingen. Kraft.
Volzius. 2
Kraft.
Kraft.
Kraft.
Kraft.
Kraft.
Volzius. Steinebrunn. Bischoff.
Kraft.
Ferner.
Ferner.
Ferner.
Ferner,
Ferner.
Gottingen. Hollmann.
Upsal. Ferner. Gottingen.
Upsal. Ferner.
Cambridge. "Winthrop. Lovering,
Gottingen. Hollmann.
Upsal. Ferner.
Upsal.
Upsal.
Upsal.
Upsal.
Upsal.
Upsal.
Upsal.
Upsal.
Ipsal.
Upsal.
I psal.
Upsal.
Upsal.
I r psal.
Stuttgart.
Tubingen.
Tubingen.
Tubingen.
Tubingen.
Tubingen.
Stuttgart.
Tubingen.
I psal.
Upsal.
I psal.
Upsal.
I psal.
Kraft.
Tubingen. Kraft.
Tubingen. Kraft.
Gottingen. Hollman.
Hollmann.
Oct. 24.
Stuttgart. Volzius.
Nov. 2.
/ psah
Ferner.
" 3.
Upsal.
Ferner.
" 10.
Upsal.
Ferner.
" 11.
Upsal.
Ferner.
" 28.
Tubingen. Kraft.
Dec. 4.
Upsal.
Ferner.
" 5.
Upsal.
Ferner.
" 6.
Upsal.
Ferner.
" 7.
Upsal.
Ferner.
« 25.
Tubingen. Kraft.
1753.
Feb. 23.
Upsal.
Ferner. 1
" 26.
Upsal.
Ferner.
" 28.
Upsal.
Ferner.
Mar. 1.
Upsal.
Ferner. 2
2.
Upsal.
Ferner.
3.
Upsal.
Ferner.
4.
Upsal.
Ferner.
7.
1 'psal.
Ferner.
8.
1 'psal.
Ferner.
9.
1 psal.
Ferner.
" 11.
1 psal.
Ferner.
" 12.
1 'psal.
Ferner.
" 25.
Upsal.
Ferner.
Apr. 2.
Upsal.
Ferner.
3.
Upsal.
Ferner.
" 10.
Upsal.
Ferner.
" 11.
1 'psal.
Ferner.
" 12.
Upsal.
Ferner.
" 14.
Upsal.
Ferner.
" 20.
Upsal.
Ferner. Gottingen. Hollma
" 30.
1 psal.
Ferner.
" 30.
Cainbr
idge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Aug. 17.
Upsal.
Ferner.
" 23.
Upsal.
Ferner.
Sept. 1.
1 'psal.
Ferner.
" 2.
Upsal.
Ferner.
" 3.
Gottingen. Hollmann.
" 12.
Upsal.
Ferner.
" 29.
1 psal.
Ferner.
" 30.
Upsal.
Ferner.
Nov. 25.
Upsal.
Ferner.
i Svenska Vetensk. Acad. XVI. 290.
2 N. Comm. Petrop. V. 410.
1 Svenska Vetensk. Acad. XVI. 290.
2 The Gregorian Calendar was adopted in Sweden in 1753,
the 17th of February being followed by the 1st of March.
Therefore the dates commencing with March 1st are published
here as given by Ferner. All the previous dates were reduced
from old style to new style.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
55
Dec. 15.
Upsal.
Ferner.
Mar. 28.
Upsal. Ferner.
" 16.
Upsal.
Ferner.
Apr. 2.
1 psal. Ferner.
" 18.
Upsal.
Ferner.
" 11.
Upsal. Ferner.
" 27.
Upsal.
Ferner.
Sept. 1.
Upsal. Ferner.
" 28.
Upsal.
Ferner.
" 14.
Upsal. Ferner.
1754. 1
" 15.
Upsal. Ferner.
-" 22.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Jan. 12.
Upsal.
Ferner. 2
" 28.
Upsal. Ferner.
Feb. 8.
Upsal.
Ferner.
" 29.
Upsal. Ferner.
" 24.
Upsal.
Ferner.
" 30.
Upsal. Ferner.
Mar. 17.
Upsal.
Ferner.
Oct. 20.
Upsal. Ferner.
" 18.
Upsal.
Ferner.
" 25.
Upsal. Ferner. ■
" 20.
Upsal.
Ferner.
" 26.
Upsal. Ferner.
" 25.
Upsal.
Ferner.
1757.
" 26.
Upsal.
Ferner.
Apr. 9.
Upsal.
Ferner.
Jan. 5.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
" 10.
Upsal.
Ferner.
Mar. 31.
Rouen?- Bouin. Boue.
Reus?.
Sept. 23.
Upsal.
Ferner.
Aug. 13.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
Oct. 9.
Upsal.
Ferner.
Sept. 7.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
" 16.
Upsal.
Ferner.
" 13.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
" 27.
Tlie Hague. Gabry. 3 Reuss and Boue.
" 14.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
Nov. 15.
Upsal.
Ferner.
" 16.
The Hague. Gabry. I
oue. 2 Reuss
" 16l
Upsal.
Ferner.
Nov. 12.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
" 17.
Upsal.
Ferner.
" 12.
Philadelphia. Bartram.*
Reuss.
Dec. 31.
Upsal.
Femer.
" 13.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
1755.
" 13.
London. Franklin.
Jan. 30.
At Sea,
near Norway. Ekeberg. 4 Reuss.
1758.
Feb. 3.
Upsal.
Ferner. 6
Jan. 8.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
" 5.
Upsal.
Ferner.
Mar. 12.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
" 8.
St. Petersburg. Braun 6 .
" 26.
St. Petersburg. Braun. 4
Sept. 9.
Upsal.
Ferner.
" 31.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
Oct. 5.
Upsal.
Femer.
Apr. 1.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
" 24.
Upsal.
Ferner.
May 19.
Spitzbergen. Martin. 6
" 30.
Upsal.
Ferner.
June 2.
Spitzbergen. Martin.
Nov. 1.
Upsal.
Ferner.
" 26.
Spitzbergen. Martin.
" 28.
Upsal.
Ferner.
" 27.
Spitzbergen. Martin.
•Dec. 31.
Upsal.
Ferner. 7
1756. 8
" 28.
Spitzbergen. Martin.
1759.
Feb. 18.
Upsal.
Ferner. 9
Feb. 3.
Upsal. Bergman. 6
" 19.
Upsal.
Ferner.
" 4.
Upsal. Bergman. The
mipson.
1 An aurora was seen at Constantinople in 1754. Phil. Trans.
XLIX. 119.
2 Svenska Vetensk. Acad. XVI. 290.
8 Mem. de l'Acad. Sav. Etrang. III. 581.
* Svenska Vetensk. Acad. XVIII. 61.
* Svenska Vetensk. Acad. XVIII. 208.
6 N. Comm. Petrop. VII. 405.
7 Aurora Australis.
8 Once in Upsal in January.
9 Svenska Vetensk. Acad. XIX. 231.
" 4. Hernosand. Gisler. Boue.
" 15. Upsal. Bergman. Thompson.
" 15. Hernosand. Gisler. Bou&
1 Mem. de l'Acad. Sav. Etrang. IV. 242.
2 Mem. de l'Acad. Sav. Etrang. IV. 597.
3 Phil. Trans. LII. 474.
♦ N. Comm. Petrop. IX. 418.
6 Svenska Vetensk. Acad. XIX. 315.
6 Nova Acta Sci. UpsaL I. 418 and Phil. Trans. LII. 479.
56
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
Auj
18.
19.
20.
8.
17.
18.
22.
28.
5.
16.
22.
.16.
" " 26.
" 27.
" 28.
" 29.
Sept. 9.
" 10.
" 11.
" 11.
" 12.
" 15.
« 16.
" 16.
" 18.
" 19.
" 20.
" 21.
" 22.
" 23.
" 24.
13.
15.
31.
31.
5.
9.
15.
16.
20.
21.
22.
27.
28.
Oct.
Nov
Upsal. Bergman.
UpsaL Bergman.
Upsal. Bergman. Rouen. Bouin. 1 Reuss.
Cambridge. Wintbrop. Lovering.
UpsaL Bergman.
St. Petersburg. Braun. 2
Upsal.
Upsal.
Upsal.
/ 'psal.
Upsal.
Upsal.
Upsal.
Upsal.
Bergman.
Bergman.
Bergman.
Bergman.
Upsal or Stockholm. Bergman.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Upsal. Bergman.
Bergman.
Bergman.
Bergman.
Bergman. 8
Cambridge. "Wintbrop. Lovering.
Upsal. Bergman.
I psal. Bergman.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Upsal. Bergman.
Upsal. Bergman.
Upsal. Bergman. Rouen. Bouin. Reuss. 4
North Germany. Hartmann. Boue. 6
Cambridge. Wintbrop. Lovering.
Upsal. Bergman.
Bergman.
Bergman.
Bergman.
Bergman.
Bergman.
Bergman.
Bergman. 6
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Cambridge. Wintbrop. Lovering.
Upsal. Bergman.
Bergman.
Bergman.
Bergman.
Bergman.
Bergman.
Bergman.
Bergman.
Bergman.'
Upsal.
Upsal.
I psal.
Upsal.
Upsal.
I psal
Upsal.
Upsal.
Upsal.
Upsal.
Upsal.
Upsal.
Upsal.
Upsal.
Upsal.
1 Mem. de l'Acad. Sav. Etrang. V. 103.
2 N. Comm. Petrop. X. 367.
8 This is in Phil. Trans, bat not in Nova Acta Sei. Upsal.
* Mem. de l'Acad. Sav. Etrang. VI. 253.
& Hamb. Mag. XXIV. 157.
6 This is in Phil. Trans, but not in Nova Acta Sci. Upsal.
' This is in Nova Acta Sci. Upsal, but not in Phil. Trans.
Dec. 9.
" 10.
" 11.
" 12.
" 13.
" 14.
" 15.
" 16.
" 17.
" 19.
" 21.
" 25.
Jan. 10.
" 12.
" 13.
" 17.
" 18.
" 23.
Feb. 8.
" 11.
" 12.
" 14.
" 18.
« 19.
" 20.
« 21.
" 22.
Mar. 5.
6.
" 12.
" 14.
" 16.
" 28.
Apr. 2.
" 3.
" 6.
" 8.
» 9.
" 10.
" 11.
" 12.
" 14.
" 16.
" 18.
" 23.
May 3.
July 20.
Aug. 14.
Upsal. Bergman.
Upsal. Bergman.
Upsal. Bergman. St. Petersburg. Braun.
Upsal. Bergman.
Upsal. Bergman.
Upsal. Bergman. St. Petersburg. Braun.
Upsal. Bergman.
I psal Bergman.
Upsal. Bergman.
Upsal. Bergman.
Upsal. Bergman.
Upsal. Bergman. St. Petersburg. Braun.
1760.
Upsal. Bergman.
Upsal. Bergman.
Upsal. Bergman.
Stockholm. Bergman. St. Petersburg. Braun.
Stockholm. Bergman.
Stockholm. Bergman.
Stockholm. Bergman.
Stockholm. Bergman.
Stockholm. Bergman.
Upsal. Bergman.
Upsal. Bergman.
Upsal. Bergman.
Upsal. Bergman.
Upsal. Bergman.
Upsal. Bergman.
Upsal. Bergman.
Upsal. Bergman.
Upsal. Bergman.
Cambridge. Wintbrop. Lovering.
I psal. Bergman.
Upsal. Bergman.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Upsal. Bergman.
Upsal? Bergman.
St. Petersburg. Braun. Upsal? Bergman.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Upsal. Bergman.
Upsal. Bergman.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Upsal. Bergman.
Upsal? Bergman.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Cambridge. "Wintbrop. Lovering.
Between Upsal and Arbogam. Bergman.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
OF THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Aug.
20.
Upsal. Bergman.
a
21.
Upsal. Bergman.
tt
22.
Upsal. Bergman.
tt
23.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Sept.
10.
Cambridge. Wintbrop. Lovering.
Oct.
2.
Upsal. Bergman.
a
4.
Cambridge. Wintbrop. Lovering.
a
4.
Upsal. Bergman.
a
7.
Upsal? Bergman.
a
8.
Upsal. Bergman.
a
9.
Upsal. Bergman.
a
1G.
Upsal. Bergman.
tt
25.
Cambridge. Wintbrop. Lovering.
a
30.
T T psal. Bergman.
a
31.
Upsal. Bergman.
Nov.
1.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
a
1.
Hernosand. Gisler. Boue.
a
1.
Upsal. Bergman. Tbompson.
tt
2?
Upsal. Bergman.
it
6.
Upsal. Bergman. Thompson.
a
6.
Hernosand. Gisler. Boue.
a
8.
Upsal. Bergman. Tbompson.
a
8.
Hernosand. Gisler. Boue.
a
12.
Cambridge. Wintbrop. Lovering.
a
15?
Upsal. Bergman.
it
23.
Upsal. Bergman. .
a
25.
Upsal. Bergman.
Dec.
1.
Upsal. Bergman.
a
5.
Upsal. Bergman.
a
25.
Upsal. Bergman.
a
28.
Upsal. Bergman.
1761.
Jan.
9.
Upsal. Bergman.
u
10?
Upsal. Bergman.
a
11.
Upsal. Bergman.
a
12'?
Upsal. Bergman.
a
17.
Upsal. Bergman.
a
25.
Upsal. Bergman. Thompson.
tt
25.
Hernosand. Gisler. Boue.
ti
27.
Upsal. Bergman.
a
29.
Upsal. Bergman.
a
30.
Upsal. Bergman.
Feb.
3.
Upsal. Bergman.
a
13.
Upsal. Bergman.
a
14.
Upsal. Bergman.
u
21.
Upsal. Bergman.
i<
21.
Hernosand. Gisler. Boue.
a
21.
Vienna. Hell. Boue. Tbompson.
a
22.
Upsal. Bergman.
VOL.
x. 8
Feb. 23? Upsal. Bergman.
" 24. Upsal. Bergman.
" 25 ? Upsal. Bergman.
" 26. Upsal. Bergman. St. Petersburg. Braun. 1
" 27. Hernosand. Gisler. Boue. Thompson.
" 27. Upsal. Bergman. <Sif. Petersburg. Braun.
" 28. Hungary. Weiss. Reuss. a
" 28. Upsal. Bergman. St. Petersburg. Braun.
Mar. 1. Upsal. Bergman.
" 5. Upsal. Bergman.
" 10. Cambridge. Wintbrop. Lovering.
" 11. Cambridge. Wintbrop. Lovering.
" 15. Upsal. Bergman.
" 26. Upsal. Bergman.
Apr. 3. Upsal. Bergman.
" 4. Upsal. Bergman.
" 5. Upsal. Bergman.
" 6. Upsal. Bergman.
" 7. Upsal. Bergman.
" 8. Upsal. Bergman.
" 12. Upsal. Bergman.
" 13. Upsal. Bergman.
May 2. Upsal. Bergman.
Aug. 1. Greenland. Crantz. 8 Force.
" 11. Marienstadt. Bergman.
" 21. Greenland. Crantz. Force.
" 27. Marienstadt. Bergman.
" 29. St. Petersburg. Braun.
" 30. Marienstadt. Bergman.
Sept. 9. St. Petersburg. Braun.
" 10. St. Petersburg. Braun.
" 24. Marienstadt. Bergman.
" 25. Hernosand. Gisler. Boue.
" 25. St. Petersburg. Braun.
" 25. Marienstadt. Bergman.
" 25. Hernosand. Gisler. Boud and Thompson.
" 26. Cambridge. Wintbrop. Lovering.
" 26. Marienstadt. Bergman.
" 26. St. Petersburg. Braun.
" 27. Marienstadt. Bergman.
" 28. Marienstadt. Bergman.
Oct. 22. Marienstadt. Bergman.
" 22. St. Petersburg. Braun.
" 23. Marienstadt. Bergman.
" 31. St. Petersburg. Braun.
Nov. 6. Cambridge. Wintbrop. Lovering.
1 N. Comm. Tetrop. XL 320.
2 Mem. de l'Acad. 1761, p. 25.
8 Hist, of Greenland. Also, Record of Auroral Phenomena,
by P. Force. Smith. Contrib. VIII. 22, I. 48.
58
OF THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Nov.
17.
Upsal. Bergman.
Dec.
18.
a
19.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
a
18.
a
19.
Upsal. Bergman.
tt
19.
a
29.
Upsal. Bergman.
a
20.
a
30.
Upsal. Bergman.
a
21.
Dec.
u
13.
21.
Upsal. Bergman.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
a
25.
1762.
Mar.
16.
Jan.
1.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Apr.
16.
a
23.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
u
17.
Feb.
4.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
a
21.
it
28.
Ti/mau. Weiss. Boue
i
a
24.
Mar.
14.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
May
1.
tt
15.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Upsal.- Bergman.
a
2.
a
16.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
July
31.
Apr.
10.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Aug.
4.
u
11.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
it
21.
a
18.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Sept.
Oct.
14.
tt
27.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
17.
May
2.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
it
17.
u
21.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
it
24.
a
21.
Paris. Messier. Eeuss
and Boue. 8
Nov.
11.
u
22.
Paris. Messier. Reuss
and Boue.
a
11.
Aug.
10.
t 'timbridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
a
27.
a
11.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
tt
12.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
tt
13.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
Jan.
8.
a
13.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
a
23.
a
31.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Feb.
10.
Sept
15.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
a
16.
a
15.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
it
21.
it
1G.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
it
22.
a
25.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
it
26.
Oct.
14.
iSif. Petersburg. Braun.
it
28.
C(
19.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Mar.
4.
Nov.
8.
Upsal. Bergman.
u
5.
(i
16.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Upsal. Bergman.
it
5.
u
19.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
ti
5.
it
22.
Upsal. Bergman.
Apr.
1.
it
23.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Upsal. Bergman.
u
23.
Dec.
6.
Upsal. Bergman.
May
16.
(i
7.
Upsal. Bergman.
June
3.
»
13.
Upsal. Bergman.
a
18.
u
15.
Upsal. Bergman. St. Petersburg. Braun.
a
18.
it
17.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
> Me'm. de l'Acad. 1761, p. 25.
2 No observations were made at Upsal this year in January or
February.
s Me'm. de l'Acad. Sav. Etrang. VI. 110.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Upsal. Bergman.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Upsal. Bergman.
Upsal. Bergman.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
1763.
Franeker. Yan Swinden. 1
St. Petersburg. Braun. 2
St. Petersburg. Braun.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
( ombridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
( iimbridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Upsal. Mallet. Reuss and Boue. 3
Upsal. Bergman. Boue and Thompson.
( 'arnbridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Newport, R. I. Stiles. Loomis. 4
St. Petersburg. Braun.
1764.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Newport, R. I. Stiles. Loomis.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Upsal. Bergman. Boue. »
St. Petersburg. Braun. Thompson.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Newport, R. I. Stiles. Loomis.
.Si!. Petersburg. Braun.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Oxford. Swinton. 5
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Newport, R. I. Stiles. Loomis.
1 Kamtz. Met. III. 467.
2 N. Comm. Petrop. XI. 391.
a Svenska Vetensk. Acad. XXV. 62.
4 Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci. I. 155.
6 Phil. Trans. LIV. 332.
OF THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
59
June 19.
Camhridge. "Winthrop.
Lovering.
July 27.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering
Aug. 19.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
" 25.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
Sept. 6.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Oct. 20.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
" 28.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
" 28.
Newport, R. I. Stiles.
Loomis.
" 29.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
Nov. 25.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Dec. 29.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
1765.
Jan. 22.
St. Petersburg. Braun. 1
Feb. 19.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
" 23.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Mar. 13.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
" 14.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
" 21.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
" 23.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Apr. 29.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
July 21.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
" 22.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
Aug. 17.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
« 19.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
" 21.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
Sept. 20.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Oct. 12.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
Nov. x.
Thompson. 2
Dec. 13.
Cliristiania. Hansteen. 8
17GG.
Oct. 12. Oxford. Swinton 4
1767.
Feb. 1.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
" 2.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Apr. 10.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
'• 29.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
May 16.
Newport, R. I. Stiles.
Loomis.
July 18.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
« 28.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
Aug. 18.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
Dec. 13.
Lucca. Serantoni. Boue.
1768.
Jan. 10.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
i N. Comra. Petrop. XIV. 589.
2 Thompson's Meterology, p. 350.
8 Gilbert. Ann. LXVII. 48.
4 Phil. Trans. LVII. 108.
Jan. 18.
Feb. 18.
" 19.
July 20.
" 20.
Aug. 6.
6.
" 6.
" 7.
Sept. 14.
Oct. 2.
" 26.
" 28.
Nov. 5.
" 14.
Dec. 5.
« 5.
" 5.
" 5.
" 6.
" 26.
Jan. 5.
" 5.
" 5.
" 5.
Feb. 26.
" 27.
" 27.
Mar. 1.
Apr. 20.
June 9.
" 28.
" 29.
July 2.
" 7.
» 7.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
St. Petersburg. Braun.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Newport, R. I. Stiles.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Paris. Messier. Reuss. 1 Salem.
Newport, R. I. Stiles. Loomis.
Newport, R. I. Stiles.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
lakutsk. Islenieff. 2
Pilgram.
lakutsk. Islenieff.
lakutsk. Isleneiff.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Newport, R. I. Stiles.
Lovering.
Lovering.
Loomis.
Lovering.
Loomis.
Lovering.
Lovering.
Felt.
Lovering.
Loomis.
Berlin. Beguelin. 3 Paris. Messier.
Gottingen. 6 Boue.
Normandy. Turgot. 6
lakutsk. Islenieff.
1769.
Lovering.
Cambridge. Winthrop
Lancaster, Penn?
Newport, R. I. Stiles. Loomis.
3/ontmorenci, Prance. Cotte. 8
Oxford. Swinton. Reuss.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Newport, R. 1. Stiles. Loomis.
lakutsk. Islenieff.
Newport, R. J. Stiles. Loomis.
Winthrop. Lovering.
Winthrop. Lovering.
Winthrop. Lovering.
Winthrop. Lovering.
Winthrop. Lovering.
I. Stiles. Loomis.
Winthrop. Lovering.
Loomis.
Cambridge.
Cambridge.
Cambridge.
Cambridge.
Cambridge.
Newport, R.
Cambridge.
« 8. Newport, R. J. Stiles.
" 19. Salem. Holyoke. Felt. ;
i Phil. Trans. LIX. 86.
2 N. Acta Petrop. X. 505.
8 Mem. de l'Acad. Berlin, 1769, p. 144.
4 Phil. Trans. LIX. 367.
6 Hannov. Mag. 1768, p. 1654.
6 Mem. de l'Acad. 1768, p. 33.
i Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. I. 404.
8 Traite" &c. par Cotte, p. 601.
» Phil. Trans. LIX. 367.
i° Amer. Jour. Sci. XIV. 101.
Reuss.'
GO
OF THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Aug. 5. Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Sept. 9. Oxford. Swinton. 1 Keuss.
" 23. St. Petersburg. Euler. 2
" 26. Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering. Pilgram.
Oct. 7. Cambridge. "Winthrop. Lovering.
" 7. Newport, R. I. Stiles.
" 8. St Petersburg. Euler,
" 23. Cambridge. "Winthrop.
" 23. Newport, R. I. Stiles.
" 24. Berlin. Beguelin. Rheims. Lavoisier. Reuss. 8
" 24. Newport, R. 1. Stiles. Loomis.
" 24. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 24. Havre. Dicquemare. 4
" 25. Cambridge. "Winthrop
" '25. Newport, R. I. Stiles.
" 25. Havre. Dicquemare.
" 26. Cambridge. Winthrop.
" 26. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 27. Havre. Dicquemare.
" 27. Cambridge. Winthrop.
" 27. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" x. Beziers. Bertholon. 5
" x. Beziers. Bertholon.
Nov. 1. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 3. Berlin. Beguelin.
" 17. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 23. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Dec. 2. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 4. St. Petersburg. Euler
" 6. Cambridge. Winthrop.
1770.
Loomis.
Lovering.
Loomis.
Pilgram.
Lovering.
Loomis.
. Lovering.
Havre. Dicquemare.
Lovering.
Lovering.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Lovering.
Loomis.
Lovering,
Loomis.
Berlin.
Beguelin.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Jan. 17. Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
" 17. Newport, R. I. Stiles. Loomis.
" 17. Berlin. Beguelin. 6
" 18. Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
" 18. Berlin. Beguelin. Christiania. Hansteen. 7
" 18. Newport, R. I. Stiles. Loomis.
" 18. Jena. Zeissing. 8 Beziers. Bertholon.
" 18. Cadiz, Rome, Vienna, §c. Pilgram.
" 18. Spain. Nifo. Rico. 9
» Phil. Trans. LIX. 369.
2 N. Comm. Petrop. XIV. 636.
8 Journ. de Phys. IX. 279. Mem. de l'Acad. 1769, p. 22.
Also Mem. de l'Acad. Berlin, 1769, p. 163.
* Journ. de Phys. IX. 279.
6 Encyc. Method. I. 365.
6 Mem. de l'Acad. Berlin, 1770, p. 93.
' Gilbert. Ann. LXVII. 48.
8 Gilbert. Ann. XV. 208.
9 Mem. Acad. Cienc. Madrid, IIL 77.
Feb. 1. Berlin. Beguelin.
" 12. Berlin. Beguelin.
" 13. St. Petersburg. Euler. 1
" 15. Berlin. Beguelin.
" 18. Berlin. Beguelin.
" 25. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 27. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 28. Cambridge. Winthrop.
" 28. Newport, R. I. Stiles.
" 28. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Mar. 2. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 14. Berlin. Beguelin.
" 18. Berlin. Beguelin.
" 23. Cambridge. Winthrop.
" 23. Newport, R. I. Stiles.
" 23. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 26. Berlin. Beguelin.
" 27. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 29. Jena. Zeissing.
Apr. 12. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 13. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 14. Berlin. Beguelin.
" 15. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 17. Berlin. Beguelin.
" 19. Cambridge. Winthrop.
" 19. Berlin. Beguelin.
" 20. Berlin. Beguelin.
May 16. Cambridge. Winthrop.
" 27. Berlin. Beguelin.
July 14. Cambridge. Winthrop.
" 16. Cambridge. Winthrop.
" 27. Cambridge. Winthrop.
" 31. Cambridge. Winthrop.
Aug. 1. Litbeck. Behn. Boue\ 2
" 8. Jena. Zeissing.
" 10. Jena. Zeissing.
" 27. Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
" 31. Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
" 31. Jena. Zeissing. Beziers. Bertholon.
" 31. Gottingen. Boue. 3
Sept. 9. Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
" 9. Berlin. Beguelin.
" 16. Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
" 17. Montmorenci. Cotte.
" 17. Pekin. Amiot. 4 Lubeck. Behn. Boue.
Oct. 26. St. Petersburg. Euler.
i N. Comm. Petrop. XV. 682.
2 Sitz. Bericht. Wien. XLV. 442.
8 Hannov. Mag. 1770, p. 1217.
* Kamtz. Lekrbach der Met. III. 465.
Lovering.
Lovering.
Lovering.
Lovering.
Lovering.
Lovering.
OF THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
61
Nov. 8. Lubeck. Behn. Bout;. 1
" 24. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 26. Lubeck. Behn. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Dec. 17. Jena. Zeissing.
" 24. Jena. Zeissing.
1771.
Jan. 6. Berlin. Beguelin.
" 15. Berlin. Beguelin.
" 18. Berlin. Beguelin.
" 20. Berlin. Beguelin.
" 26. St. Petersburg. Euler. 2
Feb. 7. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 8. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 9. Berlin. Beguelin.
10. Berlin. Beguelin.
15. Berlin. Beguelin.
19. Cambridge. Wintbrop. Lovering.
19. Berlin. Beguelin. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 19. Montmorenci. Paris. Franeker. Cotte. 8
" 20. Montmorenci. Cotte.
Mar. 2. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 13. St. Petersburg. Euler. Berlin. Beguelin.
" 13. Montmorenci. Franeker. Cotte.
" 14. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 15. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 16. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 17. Cambridge. Wintbrop. Lovering.
" 17. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 18. Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
" 23. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 30. Paris. Boue.
Apr. 2. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 4. Berlin. Beguelin.
" 5. Berlin. Beguelin. Montmorenci. Cotte.
" 15. Berlin. Beguelin. Montmorenci. Cotte.
May 2. Berlin. Beguelin.
" 3. Berlin. Beguehn.
" 6 ? Berlin. Beguelin.
" 7. Berlin. Beguelin.
" 8. Berlin. Beguelin.
« 12. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 12. Franeker. Cotte. Jena. Zeissing.
" 13. St. Petersburg. Euler. Franeker. Cotte.
June 2. Cambridge. "Wintbrop. Lovering.
" 2. Lubeck. Behn. Boue.
1 In the Chateau de Saintes en Hainaut, three auroras were ob-
served in 1770. Me'm. de l'Acad. Brux. I. 554.
2 N. Comm. Petrop. XVI. 695.
8 Mem. de Met. I.
' ambridge. Wintbrop. Lovering.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Berlin. Beguelin.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Cambridge. Wintbrop. Lovering.
Franeker. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Cambridge. Wintbrop. Lovering.
iSif. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Franeker. Cotte.
Berlin. Beguelin.
St. Petersburg. Euler. Berlin. Beguelin.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Berlin. Beguelin. Franeker. Cotte.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Franeker. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Franeker. Cotte.
Berlin, Beguelin.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Franeker. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
1772.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Bradford, Mass. Wilbams. 1
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler. 2
Bradford, Mass. Williams.
Berlin. Beguelin. Franeker. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Marseilles. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
1 Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 11 S.
2 N. Comm. Petrop. XVII. 717
June 12.
July
2.
u
12.
Aug.
3.
«
12.
u
16.
tt
17.
it
30.
Sept
6.
a
11.
u
13.
tt
17.
it
20.
a
29.
Oct.
4.
a
4.
it
5.
a
6.
tt
8.
tt
9.
tt
18.
tt
28.
a
31.
Nov
1.
tt
1.
a
2.
tt
4.
a
5.
tt
12.
a
12.
a
14.
it
18.
Dec.
5.
tt '
4.
ti
31.
Jan.
1.
a
3.
it
6.
it
6.
tt
7.
a
17.
Feb.
6.
it
6.
tt
11.
U
18.
ti
21.
62
OF THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Feb.
(c
Mar.
a
Apr.
27.
27.
2.
3.
5.
6.
10.
11.
13.
16.
17.
19.
21.
22.
28.
30.
3.
4.
'• 12.
" 12.
« 14.
" 15.
'■ 20.
« 22.
" 25.
« 29.
June 14.
" 21.
July 5.
5.
« 7.
8.
" 25.
" 25.
'• 25.
Aug. 31.
Sept. 4.
« 20.
'• 25.
27.
2.
Oct.
2.
2.
5.
6.
14.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Bradford, Mass. Williams.
Franeker. Cotte.
Franeker. Cotte.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Euler.
Euler.
Euler.
Euler.
Euler.
Euler.
Euler.
Franeker. Cotte.
Cotte.
St. Petersburg.
St. Petersburg.
St. Petersburg.
St. Petersburg.
St. Petersburg.
St. Petersburg.
St. Petersburg.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Berlin. Beguelen. Franeker.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Bradford, Mass. "Williams.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Berlin. Beguelin.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Franeker. Cotte.
Marseilles. Cotte.
Franeker. Cotte.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Bradford, Mass. "Williams.
< 'ambridge. "Winthrop. Lovering.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Bradford, Mass. "Williams.
Newport, R. 1. Stiles. Loomis.
Cambridge. "Winthrop. Lovering.
Bradford, 31ass. "Williams.
Newport, R. I. Stiles. Loomis.
Berlin. Beguelin. Montmorenci.
Stockholm. Wilke. 1
Berlin. Beguelin.
Franeker. Cotte.
Franeker. Cotte. Stockholm. "Wilke.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Bradford, Mass. Williams.
Montmorenci. Brussels. Franeker. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler. Marseilles. Cotte.
Brussels. Cotte. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Marseilles. Cotte.
Cotte.
i Gilbert. Ann. XXIX. 420,
Oct.
16.
Franeker. Cotte.
u
20.
Franeker. Cotte.
u
23.
3f<irseilles. Cotte.
a
27.
Montmorenci and Marseilles. Cotte
u
27.
Jena. Zeissing.
a
27.
Piedmont. Berando.
Pilgram. 1
«
29.
Franeker. Cotte.
ft
30.
Franeker. Cotte.
Nov
. 7.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
«
24.
Berlin. Beguelin.
a
26.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
ii
27.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Dec
2.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
a
14.
Bradford, Mass. Williams.
a
18.
Berlin. Beguelin.
u
29.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
1773.
Jan.
4.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
u
17.
(''ambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
u
17.
Newport, R. I. Stiles.
Loomis.
u
17.
Berlin. Beguelin.
u
18.
Berlin. Beguelin. Franeker. Cotte.
a
18.
Newport, R. I. Stiles.
Loomis.
u
19.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
u
19.
N( irport, R. I. Stiles.
Loomis.
a
19.
Berlin. Beguelin.
a
21.
Berlin. Beguelin.
a
26.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
a
27.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
u
28.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
u
29.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Feb
. 7.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
ii
8.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
cc
10.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
ti
12.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
K
17.
South Latitude ?
it
18.
Franeker. Van Swinder
i.
it
18.
Berlin. Beguelin. 2
ii
20.
Franeker. Van Swinder
.
it
20.
Berlin. Beguelin.
ii
21.
Franeker. Van Swinden
a
21.
Berlin. Beguelin.
ii
22.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Mar
. 4.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
it
12.
Franeker. Cotte. Berh
n. Beguelin.
it
13.
Franeker. Cotte.
1 Encyc. Method. I. 348. Journ. de Sav. 1773, p. 188.
2 Kamtz. Lehrbucb der Met. III. 465.
OF THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
63
Mar. 14.
Berlin. Beguelin.
" 15.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
" 16.
Franeker. Van Swinden.
" 21.
Berlin. Beguelin.
" 23.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
" 23.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Franeker. Cotte.
" 24.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 26.
Berlin. Beguelin. Liibech. Behn. Boue\
" 26.
Montmorenci and Franeker. Cotte.
" 27.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
April 1.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 17.
Franeker. Cotte.
" 20.
Brussels. Cotte.
" 23.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
•' 27.
Franeker. Cotte.
" 29.
<Si!. Petersburg. Euler.
May 4.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 5.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 8.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 11.
Marseilles. Cotte.
" 13.
Berlin. Beguelin.
" 17.
Berlin. Beguelin.
" 18.
Berlin. Beguelin.
" 19.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
" 19.
Berlin. Beguelin.
" 23.
Liibeck. Behn. Boue.
" 24.
Marseilles. Cotte.
« 26.
Marseilles. Cotte.
June 6.
Cambridge. "Winthrop.
Lovering.
" 6.
Newport, R. 1. Stiles.
Loomis.
" 10.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
" 13.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
" 14.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
" 17.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
" 24.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
" 24.
Franeker. Cotte.
July 12.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
" 17.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
" 17.
Newport, R. I. Stiles.
Loomis.
" 17.
Bradford, Mass. Williams. 1 Spain. Rico.
" 17.
Franeker. Cotte. Reuss. 2 Paris. Wallot.
" 18.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
" 25.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
" 25
.Franeker. Cotte.
Aug. 15.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering.
" 15.
Breslau. Reuss. 3
'■' 16.
Breslau. Reuss.
1 Amer.
Phil. Trans. II. 136.
2 Mem.
lie l'Acad. 1773, p. 6.
8 Repert
. Comment. IV. 131.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Marseilles. Cotte.
Montmorenci and Franeker. Cotte.
Franeker. Cotte.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Paris. Cotte. Pekin. Amyot. Boue.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Marseilles. Cotte.
Marseilles. Cotte.
Franeker. Cotte.
Franeker. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Franeker. Cotte.
Stockholm. Wilke.
Franeker and Brussels. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Montmorenci, Franeker, and Brussels. Cotte.
Franeker. Cotte.
Franeker. Cotte.
Franeker. Cotte.
Marseilles. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
»Sf. Petersburg. Euler.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Franeker. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Franeker. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Franeker and Marseilles. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
1774.
Jan. 9. Newport, R. I. Stiles. Loomis.
" 10. Franeker. Cotte.
" 11. Franeker. Cotte.
" 21. St. Petersburg. Euler. 1
" 22. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Feb. 14. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 28. Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Mar. 2. Franeker. Cotte. Berlin. Beguelin.
" 3. Newport, R. I. Stiles. Loomis.
" 3. Franeker, Montmorenci, and Brussels. Cotte.
i N. Comm. Petrop. XIX. 653.
Aug
.25.
tt
26.
Sepl
. 1.
a
11.
a
12
a
15.
a
17.
cc
21.
tt
22.
tt
24.
tt
27.
Oct.
7.
a
8.
u
12.
a
16.
tt
19.
a
20.
u
20.
tt
21.
it
27.
it
28.
it
29.
it
31.
Nov
. 1.
tt
7.
a
8.
it
15.
ti
17.
it
25.
a
26.
a
27.
tt
28.
it
29.
Dec
13.
u
14.
«
15.
a
25.
64
OF THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Mar
. 3.
a
13.
tt
13.
tt
13.
«
14.
a
15.
tt
15.
a
17.
a
18.
a
20.
u
25.
a
26.
tt
27.
a
30.
a
31.
a
31.
April 1.
« 3.
K
4.
a
6.
a
7.
tt
10.
a
11.
tt
12.
a
13.
it
14.
a
15.
a
16.
a
18.
tt
23.
ti
24.
May 1.
« 2.
a
3.
tt
4.
a
5.
tt
9.
tt
10.
u
12.
tt
13.
a
14.
a
16.
a
18.
u
23.
tt
30.
June 4.
tt
6.
tt
7.
a
12.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Cambridge. "Winthrop. Lovering.
Neu-port, R. 1. Stiles. Loomis.
Franeker. Cotte. Berlin. Beguelen.
Franeker, Montmorenci and Brussels. Cotte.
Newport, R. I. Stiles. Loomis.
Franeker and Montmorenci. Cotte.
Berlin. Beguelin. Franeker. Cotte.
Franeker. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler. Franeker. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler. Stockholm. Wilke,
Franeker. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Berlin. Beguelin. Franeker. Cotte.
St. Peterslmrg. Euler.
Berlin. Beguelin. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Berlin. Beguelin. Franeker. Cotte.
Berlin. Beguelin.
St. Petersburg. Euler. Berlin. Beguelin.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Brussels. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Marseilles. Cotte.
Marseilles. Cotte.
Franeker and Brussels. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Franeker and Marseilles. Cotte.
Stockholm. Wilke.
Franeker. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cologne. Bildersael. Pilgram.
Brussels. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Franeker. Cotte.
Franeker. Cotte.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Liibeck. Behn. Boue.
Liibeck. Behn. Boue.
Liibeck. Behn. Boue.
Marseilles. Cotte.
Liibeck. Behn. Boue.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Marseilles. Cotte.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Franeker. Van Swinden.
Franeker. Van Swinden. Cotte. 1
Franeker. Van Swinden. Cotte.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Franeker. Cotte.
Franeker. Cotte.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Franeker. Cotte. Liibeck. Behn. Boue.
Franeker and Marseilles.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Marseilles. Cotte. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Marseilles. Cotte.
Marseilles. Cotte.
Franeker. Cotte.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Franeker. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Franeker. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Marseilles. Cotte.
Marseilles. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Marseilles. Cotte.
Berlin. Beguelin.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Newport, R. I. Stiles. Loomis.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Berlin. Beguelin.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Franeker. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Franeker. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler. Franeker. Cotte.
i Mem. de l'Acad. Sav. Etrang. Paris. VIII. 394.
June 13.
a
15.
July
tt
9.
10.
a
12.
a
13.
a
13.
a
24.
a
25.
a
28.
u
29.
Aug
. 2.
a
3.
tt
14.
tt
21.
it
22.
tt
23.
tt
24.
a
26.
u
27.
tt
28.
a
29.
Sept. 1.
" 1.
«
3.
a
9.
<t
10.
a
19.
a
21.
a
22.
a
24.
a
25.
a
26.
it
29.
it
30.
Oct
1.
u
5.
a
6.
a
8.
a
8.
a
11.
a
12.
u
13.
a
19.
tt
21.
tt
25.
a
28.
tt
29.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
65
Oct. 20. St. Petersburg. Euler. 1
" 28. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Nov. 3. Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
" 3. Franeker. Cotte. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 5. Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
" 5. Franeker. Cotte. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 7. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 11. Franeker. Cotte.
" 24. St. Petersburg. Euler.
■ 26. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Dee. 1. Franeker. Cotte. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 1. Newport, R. I. Stiles. Loomis.
" 4. Marseilles. Cotte.
" 26. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 28. St. Petersburg. Euler.
1775.
Jan. 1. St. Petersburg. Euler. 2
6. Franeker. Cotte.
20. Montmorenci and Franeker. Cotte.
21. Montmorenci and Franeker. Cotte.
21. St. Petersburg. Euler.
22. St. Petersburg. Euler.
23. Franeker. Cotte. St. Petersburg. Euler.
24. Franeker. Cotte.
25. Franeker. Cotte. St. Petersburg. Euler.
26. St. Petersburg. Euler.
27. St. Petersburg. Euler.
28. Montmorenci and Franeker. Cotte.
29. Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
29. Newport, R. I. Stiles. Loomis.
29. St. Petersburg. Euler.
30. Franeker. Cotte.
Feb. 1. Brussels. Cotte.
2. Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
4. Brussels. Cotte.
19. Franeker. Cotte. St. Petersburg. Euler.
20. Bordeaux. Cotte. St. Petersburg. Euler.
21. Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
21. Franeker. Cotte. St. Petersburg. Euler.
23. St. Petersburg. Euler.
28. Franeker. Cotte.
Mar. 19.* Franeker. Cotte.
« 20. Franeker. Cotte.
1 All the St. Petersburg observations from Jan. 17, 1772 to
the bottom of page 64 should be corrected by subtracting 1 1
days from their respective dates : the error having originated in
reducing to new style dates already corrected.
2 N. Comm. Petrop. XX. 643.
VOL. X. 9
Mar. 21.
" 22.
" 24.
" 25.
" 26.
" 27.
" 28.
" 29.
" 30.
Apr. 1.
" 2.
4.
" 13.
" 15.
" 17.
" 18.
" 19.
" 20.
" 23.
May 2.
" 15.
" 20.
July 18.
" 20.
" 21.
Aug.24.
" 27.
Sept.15.
" 16.
" 17.
" 19.
" 22.
" 23.
" 24.
" 27.
Oct. 13.
" 18.
" 21.
Nov. 23.
Dec. 15.
Jan. 18.
" 18.
« 20.
" 21.
Feb. 11.
Franeker. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Winthrop.
Lovering-
Franeker.
Franeker.
Franeker.
Franeker.
Franeker.
St. Petersburg.
St. Petersburg.
Cotte.
Cotte.
Cotte.
Cotte.
Cotte. St. Petersburg.
Euler.
Euler.
Euler.
Franeker.
Franeker.
Franeker.
Franeker.
Franeker.
Franeker.
Franeker.
Cotte.
Cotte.
Cotte.
Cotte.
Cotte.
Cotte.
Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Franeker. Cotte.
Franeker.
Franeker.
Cambridge
Franeker.
Franeker.
St. Petersburg.
St. Petersburg.
Cotte.
Cotte.
Winthrop.
Cotte.
Cotte.
Euler.
Euler.
Lovering.
Franeker. Cotte.
Franeker. Cotte.
Montmorenci and Franeker. Cotte.
Vire. Normandy. Cotte.
Franeker. Cotte.
Franeker. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Franeker. Cotte. St. Petersburg. Euler
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Brussels. Cotte.
Vienna. Pilgrarn.
Franeker. Cotte.
Franeker. Cotte. Berlin. Beguelin.
1776.
Berlin. Beguelin.
St. Petersburg. Euler. 1
Franeker. Cotte.
Franeker. Cotte. Berlin.
Franeker. Cotte.
Beguelin.
1 Acta Sci. Acad. Petrop. 1777, Pt. 1, p. 384.
66
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Mar. 9.
" 13.
* 23.
" 28.
" 28.
Apr. 8.
" 10.
" 18.
" 19.
May 3.
" 21.
" 23.
" 25.
June 6.
" 7.
July 7.
Aug. 14.
Sept. 3.
" 4.
" 4.
5.
" 5.
" 5.
" C.
8.
" 9.
" 12.
" 16.
" 16.
" 16.
« 19.
" 22.
« 23.
" 24.
" 25.
Oct. 3.
6.
« 7.
" 27.
Nov. 16.
Dec. 16.
Jan. 13.
" 28.
" 28.
" 28.
" 28.
Brussels.
Franeker.
Brussels.
Brussels.
Brussels.
Brussels.
Franeker.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Franeker. Cotte.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Montmorenci, Franeker, and Brussels. Cotte.
Brussels. Cotte.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Franeker. Cotte.
Cotte.
Cotte.
Cotte.
Cotte.
Cotte.
Cotte.
Cotte.
Montmorenci and Franeker. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Franeker. Cotte.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Franeker and Montmorenci. Cotte.
Berlin. Beguelin. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Franeker. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Franeker. Cotte.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Montmorenci, Brussels, and Franeker. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler. Bordeaux. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Montmorenci and Brussels. Cotte.
Franeker. Cotte. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Franeker. Cotte.
Brussels. Cotte.
Franeker. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Franeker. Cotte.
Franeker. Cotte. Berlin. Beguelin.
Franeker. Cotte.
1777.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Dighton, Mass. Stiles. Loomis.
Franeker and Holland. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler. 1
i Acta Sci. Acad. Petrop. 1777, Pt. 2, p. 395.
Jan.
30.
Feb.
5.
U
5.
tt
6.
a
6.
U
7.
u
10.
u
17.
u
26.
it
26.
u
26.
it
26.
tt
27.
Mar.
1.
u
5.
it
5.
it
5.
a
6.
tt
9.
a
10.
a
10.
a
11.
a
12.
a
12.
a
14.
a
22.
u
28.
tt
28.
u
29.
a
29.
a
29.
a
31.
Apr.
a
1.
4.
it
4.
a
4.
tt
5.
a
5.
a
5.
it
6.
a
6.
a
7.
tt
7.
" 8.
8.
9.
Feb. 19.
Holland. Cotte.
Montmorenci and Franeker. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Holland. Cotte.
Montmorenci and Holland. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Holland. Cotte.
Berlin. Beguelin. Jena. Zeissing.
Paris. Detienne and Pingre. Reuss. 1
Montmorenci and Franeker. Cotte.
Amsterdam. Cotte.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Berlin. Beguelin. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Dighton, Mass. Stiles. Loomis.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Franeker, Brussels, and Holland. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Franeker. Van Swinden. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Franeker. Van Swinden. Cotte.
Franeker and Amsterdam. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Franeker. Van Swinden. Amsterdam. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Franeker and Holland. Cotte.
Berlin. Beguelen.
Holland. Cotte.
Brussels. Cotte. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Berlin. Beguelin. Franeker. Van Swinden.
Holland and Brussels. Cotte.
St. Petersburg Euler.
Berlin. Beguelin. Franeker. Van Swinden.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Holland and Brussels. Cotte.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Montmorenci. Cotte. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Franeker. Van Swinden.
Holland and Brussels. Cotte.
Franeker. Van Swinden.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Holland and Brussels. Cotte.
Franeker. Van Swinden. Berlin. Beguelin .
Franeker. Cotte.
■ Journ. de Phys. IX. 272 and 275.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
67
Apr. 9.
w
9.
u
11.
u
12.
Slay 4.
tt
5.
u
13.
u
21.
u
30.
tt
31.
June 28.
It
28.
July
27.
tt
27.
Aug
. 6.
u
17.
u
24.
it
26.
u
27.
({
30.
Sep!
. 5.
a
6.
ft
7.
«
7.
«
7.
((
15.
U
24.
H
24.
a
24.
u
24.
ic
26.
u
28.
Cl
30.
Oct.
3.
u
8.
b
8.
u
10.
M
13.
«
22.
M
24.
K
24.
a
25.
Nov
. 3.
u
3.
«
3.
«
3.
u
3.
Holland and Brussels. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Holland. Cotte.
Franeker. Holland, Amsterdam, fyc.
Spain. Larrea. Rico.
Leicarden. Cotte.
Van Swinden. Cotte.
Van Swinden. Cotte.
"Winthrop. Lovering.
Cotte.
"Winthrop. Lovering.
Stiles. Looniis.
Cotte.
Franeker.
Franeker.
Cambridge
Franeker.
Cambridge
Portsmouth, N. H.
Franeker. Cotte.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Franeker and Breda. Cotte.
Montmorenci and Holland. Cotte.
Franeker, Montmorenci, and Holland. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Paris. Detienne. Boue. 1
Franeker and Montmorenci. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Portsmouth, N. H. Stiles. Loomis.
Berlin. Beguelin. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Franeker, Montmorenci, and Holland. Cotte.
Perpignan. Cotte.
Franeker. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Geneva. Deluc. 2
Cambridge. "Winthrop. Lovering.
Franeker. Van Swinden. Cotte.
Franeker. Van Swinden. Cotte.
Spain. Larrea. Eico.
Franeker and Holland. Cotte.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Franeker. Van Swinden.
Franeker. Van Swinden. Cotte.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Berlin. Beguelin. Jena. Zeissing.
Franeker, Montmorenci, and Austria. Cotte.
Vienna. Pilgram. Paris. Messier. Reuss. 8
Berlin. Beguelin. Jena. Zeissing.
1 Jonrn. de Phys. X. 231-3.
2 Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. 1842. Pt. 2. p. 6.
8 Mem. de l'Acad. 1770, p. 440.
Nov. 3. Vienna. Pilgram.
" 6. Holland. Cotte.
" 7. Franeker and Holland. Cotte.
" 9. Holland. Cotte.
" 21. Franeker and Holland. Cotte.
" 23. Holland. Cotte.
" 27. Cambridge. WintHrop. Lovering.
" 27. Portsmouth, N. H. Stiles. Loomis.
" 27. Jena. Zeissing. St. Petersburg. Euler. Reuss. 1
" 27. Franeker, Montmorenci, Holland, Sfc. Cotte.
" 27. Virginia. Madison. 5
" 28. Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Dec. 1. Holland. Cotte.
" 2. Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
" 2. Portsmouth, V. H. Stiles. Loomis.
" 2. Holland. Cotte.
" 3. Berlin. Beguelin. Jena. Zeissing.
" 3. Franeker, Montmorenci, fyc. Cotte.
" 3. Vienna. Pilgram. Beziers. Bertholon.
" 3. Berlin. Schulze. Reuss. 8 Vienna. Pilgram.
" 3. Gurzelen. Spriingli. Wolf. 4
" 4. Berlin. Beguelin.
" 6. Vienna. Pilgram.
" 6. Franeker, Montmorenci, and Holland. Cotte
" 17. Holland. Cotte.
" 18. Fra?ieker and Holland. Cotte.
" 21. Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
" 27. Mannheim. Pilgram.
" 30. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 31. Chinon. Cotte.
1778.
Jan. 18. Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
" 18. Franeker. Van Swinden. 5
" 18. Copenhagen. Cotte. St. Petersburg. Eoler. 1
" 19. Portsmouth, N. H. Stiles. Loomis.
" 19. Holland. Cotte. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 20. Franeker. Van Swinden. Holland. Cotte.
" 20. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 21. Franeker. Van Swinden.
" 21. Montmorenci and Holland. Cotte.
" 21. St. Petersburg. Euler.
1 Acta Sei. Acad. Petrop. 1777, Hist. Pt. II. p. 71.
2 Amer. Phil. Trans. II. 123.
3 Me'm. de l'Acad. Berlin. 1777, p. 106.
4 Mitt. Naturforsch. Gcsell. Bern. 1855, p. 43.
5 Me'm. de l'Acad. Brux. III. 449.
s.Acta Sci. Acad. Petrop. 1778, Pt. II. p. 358.
68
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Jan.
25.
u
26.
it
27.
Feb
1.
U
15.
u
16.
a
17.
U
17.
a
17.
u
18.
u
25.
H
§5.
U
25.
It
2.5.
u
26.
u
28.
Mar. 10.
'•
15.
U
16.
((
17.
U
17.
[(
17.
a
17.
U
18.
u
19.
u
22.
4.
22.
u
22.
«
22.
i(
24.
u
25.
«(
26.
u
26.
a
26.
a
27.
a
27.
u
31.
A P
r.10.
U
10.
u
14.
a
15.
it
17.
u
19.
u
20.
Vienna. Pilgram.
Franeker. Van Swinden. Holland. Cotte,
Holland. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Chinon. Cotte.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Portsmouth, N. H. Stiles. Loomis.
Chinon. Cotte. St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Jena. Zeissing. Havre. Dicquemare. 1
Montmorenci, fyc. Cotte.
Vienna. Pilgram. Franeker. Van Swinden.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Holland, fyc. Cotte.
St. Malo. Cotte.
Perpignan. Cotte.
Gurzelen. Spriingli. Wolf.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Beziers. Bertholon. Havre. Diquemare. 2
Franeker and Holland. Van Swinden.
Montmorenci. Cotte. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Montmorenci. Cotte. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Holland. Cotte.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Franeker. Van Swinden.
Holland. Cotte. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Franeker. Van Swinden.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Montmorenci and Holland, fyc. Cotte.
Franeker. Van Swinden.
Holland. Cotte.
Berlin. Beguelin. 8
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Copenhagen. Cotte.
Jena. Zeissing.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
1 Journ. de Phys. XI. 269.
» Jonrn. de Phvs. XI. 420.
» Dicquemare saw auroras at Havre on the last days of-
Mareh and on the first ten days of April, 1*78. Eneyc. Method I.
347.
Apr. 21.
" 21.
" 23.
" 23.
« 25.
" 26.
" 26.
May 13.
" 14.
" 14.
June 10.
" 11.
« 14.
" 26.
" 28.
" 28.
" 28.
" 28.
" 28.
July 3.
" 7.
" 15.
" 31.
Aug. 12.
" 22.
" 28.
" 28.
Sept. 1.
" 3.
Breda and Holland. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. AVinthrop. Lovering.
Provence. Cotte. St. Petersburg.
Isle d' Oleron. Cotte.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Franeker. Van Swinden.
Holland. Cotte.
Franeker. Van Swinden. Cotte.
Franeker. Van Swinden. Cotte.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Havre. Dicquemare.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Sinigaglia. De Toschi de Fagnaro. 1
Franeker. Van Swinden. Reus-;.
Montmorenci and Cadiz, S,c. Cotte.
Spain. Rico.
Perpignan. Cotte.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Franeker. Van Swinden. Cotte.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Franeker. Van Swinden.
Franeker and Holland. Cotte.
Breda. Cotte. Berlin. Beguelin.
Euler.
Euler.
Euler.
Euler.
11.
12.
15.
15.
17.
17.
18.
18.
19.
20.
21.
21.
21.
22.
22.
22.
22.
22.
St. Petersburg.
St. Petersburg.
St. Petersburg.
Spain. Rico.
St. Petersburg.
St. Petersburg.
Franeker.
Franeker.
Euler.
Euler.
Van Swinden.
Van Swinden.
Montmorenci. Cotte. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Copenhagen and Holland. Cotte.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Viviers. Cotte.
Mur-de-Barez. Cotte.
Franeker. Van Swinden.
Montmorenci, Holland, fyc. Cotte.
Jena. Zeissing. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Moyitmorenci, Bordeaux, Sfc. Cotte.
Louvain. Chevalier. 2 St. Petersburg. Euler.
Jena. Zeissing. Bildersael. Pilgram.
l Jonrn. de Phys. X. 232. Mem. del'Acad. Berlin, 1779. p. 14.
s Me'm. de 1'Acad. Brux. HI. p. xxvi.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
69
Sept. 23. Copenhagen and Dijon. Cotte.
" 24. Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
" 24. Neic Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
" 24. Dijon, $c. Cotte.
" 25. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
" 27. Holland. Cotte.
" 30. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 30. Berlin. Beguelin.
Oct. 9. Holland. Cotte.
" 14. Franeler. Van Swinden. Berlin. Beguelin.
" 14. Montmorenci, Holland, &rc. Cotte.
" 14. Louvain. Chevalier.
" 15. Holland. Cotte.
" 19. Holland. Cotte.
" 23. Franeler. Van Swinden. Cotte.
" 25. Spain. Rico. 1
" 26. Holland. Cotte.
" 27. Holland. Cotte.
Nov. 20. St. Petersburg. Euler.
« 24. Holland. Cotte.
Dee. 3. Bertholon. 2
" 6. St. Petersburg. Euler. ■
" 7. Holland. Cotte.
" 8. Franeler. Van Swinden. Cotte.
" 10. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 13. Jena. Zeissing. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 14. Troies. Cotte.
" 15. Holland. Cotte.
" 17. Franelcer. Van Swinden. 8 Cotte.
■ 17. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 26. Montmorenci. Cotte.
1779.
Jan. 6. Brussels. Durondean. 4
" 9. Franeler. Cotte.
" 10. Holland and Brussels. Cotte.
" 12. Holland. Cotte.
Jan. 13. Franeler. Cotte.
" 14. Saint Saturnin. Cotte.
« 19. St. Petersburg. Euler. 5
Feb. 4. Franeler. Cotte.
1 Mem. Acad. Cienc. Madrid. III. 77.
2 Jonm. de Phys. XI. 269. and XII. 359.
8 Van Swinden suspected auroras on Apr. 27, May 19, 26
and 28, June 12 and 14, Sept 12 and 18, and Oct. 13 and 17, of
this same year. There were twenty-three auroras at Brussels in
this year. Mem. de 1'Acad. Brux. III. Table.
4 Me'm. de l'Acad. Brux. III. Appendix.
6 Acta. Sci. Acad. Petrop. 1779, Pt. II. p. 414.
Feb
6.
it
7.
a
9.
a
9.
a
10.
a
10.
u
10.
tt
10.
a
11.
tt
11.
a
11.
tt
11.
a
12.
tt
12.
it
13.
tt
13.
tt
13.
a
13.
a
13.
a
14.
tt
15.
tt
15.
tt
15.
a
15.
it
16.
a
18.
a
19.
tt
25.
Mar. 2.
tt
5.
it
13.
a
14.
tt
14.
u
14.
a
15.
tt
24.
a
25.
tt
25.
a
25.
a
25.
tt
30.
a
31.
Apr. 2.
U
4.
a
5.
"
7.
r «
8.
i
Mem
2
Mem
Franeler and Holland. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Holland, fyc. Cotte. Brussels. Durondeau.
Spain. Rico. 1
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Bordeaux. Cotte. Spain. Rico.
Berlin. Beguelin. Jena. Zeissing.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Montmorenci, Holland, fyc. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Gurzelen. Spriingli. Wolf.
Franeler, Holland, ifc. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Berlin. Beguelin. Beziers. Bertholon.
Holland, fyc. Cotte. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Gurzelen. Spriingli. Wolf.
Jena. Zeissing. Vienna. Pilgrara.
Marseilles, Sfc. Cotte. Jena. Zeissing.
Montmorenci. Cotte. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Jena. Zeissing. Spain. Rico.
Franeler and Copenhagen. Cotte.
Berlin. Beguelin. Beziers. Bertholon.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Nanci. Cotte.
Dieppe. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Franeler. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Nanci, fyc. Cotte. Vienna. Pilgram.
Spain. Rico. 2 Gurzelen. Spriingli. Wolf.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Franeler and Brussels. Cotte.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Franeler, Holland, SfC. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Jena. Zeissing. Brussels. Durondeau.
Copenhagen and Montmorenci. Cotte.
Copenhagen. Cotte.
Nanci. Cotte.
Franeler. Cotte.
Cambridge. Winthrop. Lovering.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Brussels. Cotte. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Acad. Cienc. Madrid. III. 77.
Acad. Cienc Madrid. III. 77.
70
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Apr. 9.
u
9.
tt
10.
u
11.
a
13.
a
14.
u
17.
a
18.
tt
20.
tt
20.
tt
20.
tt
21.
u
22.
a
28.
Maj
2.
tt
4.
u
6.
(t
7.
a
8.
u
10.
a
11.
a
12.
tt
13.
a
15.
a
17.
a
20.
tt
22.
a
24.
tt
24.
a
25.
June 3.
«
5.
a
14.
a
15.
u
20.
a
24.
July 9.
(i
15.
ci
17.
a
20.
Au
*. 3.
u
4.
a
8.
u
14.
«
17.
«
20.
a
26
a
28.
it
29.
u
29
Franeker and Brussels. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Nanci. Cotte. Berlin. Beguelin.
Les Essarts. Cotte.
Viviers. Cotte. Sir. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Franeker. Cotte. Brussels. Durondeau.
Franeker and Holland. Cotte.
Copenhagen and Borne, fyc. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Brussels. Durondeau. Beziers. Bertholon.
Nanci. Cotte.
Brussels. Cotte.
Brussels. Cotte.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Berlin. Beguelin. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Montmorenci. Cotte. Berlin. Beguelin.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Brussels. Cotte.
Copenhagen. Cotte.
Montmorenci. Cotte. Brussels. Durondeau
Franeker, Holland, SfC. Cotte.
Brussels. Durondeau.
Brussels. Cotte.
Brussels. Cotte.
Isle d'Oleron. Cotte.
Isle cTOleron. Cotte.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Isle d'Oleron. Cotte.
Brussels. Durondeau. Bordeaux. Cotte.
Brussels. Durondeau. Bordeaux. Cotte.
Brussels. Cotte.
Bordeaux. Cotte.
Franeker and Nanci. Cotte.
Leyden. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Rouen. Cotte.
Franeker. Cotte.
Brussels and Copenhagen. Cotte.
Copenhagen. Cotte.
Franeker. Cotte.
Franeker, Holland, $c. Cotte.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Nanci. Cotte.
Copenhagen. Cotte. St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Holland. Cotte.
Franeker and Copenhagen. Cotte.
Holland. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Copenhagen. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Brussels. Cotte.
Berlin. Beguelin. Jena. Zeissing.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Gurzelen. Spriingli. Wolf.
Berlin. Beguelin. Marseilles, fyc. Cotte.
Jena. Zeissing. 1 Beziers. Bertholon.
Mezin. Cotte. Jena. Zeissing.
Strasbourg. Cotte. St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Franeker and Copenhagen. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Nanci. Cotte. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Montmorenci and Holland. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Franeker. Cotte.
Copenhagen. Cotte.
Brussels. Durondeau.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Franeker and Holland, fyc. Cotte.
Brussels. Durondeau.
Franeker and Copenhagen. Cotte.
Brussels. Durondeau. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Perpignan. Cotte.
Holland. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Saint Saturnin. Cotte.
Isle d'Oleron. Cotte.
Franeker, Holland, Sfc. Cotte.
Montmorenci. Cotte. Spain. Rico. 2
Brussels. Durondeau. Vienna. Pilgram.
Berlin. Beguelin. Beziers. Bertholon.
Lucon. Cotte.
Holland, fyc. Cotte. Brussels. Durondeau.
Montmorenci and Livourne. Cotte.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Holland. Cotte.
1 The aurora was observed four times at Jena in October.
2 Mem. Acad. Cienc. Madrid. III. 77.
Aug.
30.
Sept.
2.
u
4.
a
8.
a
10.
a
11.
a
14.
a
14.
a
15.
a
17.
a
18.
a
18.
a
18.
a
18.
a
18.
it
19.
a
22.
tt
24.
a
28.
it
28.
u
29.
Oct.
3.
tt
3.
ti
4.
it
9.
it
12.
ti
14.
tt
14.
ti
14.
it
15.
it
17.
tt
17.
it
19.
tt
22.
tt
28.
Nov
. 3.
u
7?
ti
8.
tt
9.
u
9.
tt
9.
a
9.
it
12.
a
12.
a
13.
a
14.
a
15.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
71
Nov. 18. Nanci. Cotte.
" 25. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 27. Gurzehn. Sprungli. Wolf.
Dec. 3. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 5. Brussels. Durondeau. Vienna. Pilgram.
" 5. Montmorenci. Cotte.
" 5. Franeher and Holland. Cotte.
" 6. Montmorenci. Cotte.
" 6. Franeher and Holland. Cotte.
" 6. Brussels. Durondeau.
" 8. Franeher. Cotte.
" 9. Jena. Zeissing. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 10. Brussels. Durondeau.
1780.
St. Petersburg. Schroter and Euler. 1
Franeher and Holland. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Schroter and Euler.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
1 St. Petersburg. Schroter and Euler.
All over Europe. Cotte. Spain. Rico. 2
Jena. Zeissing. Beziers. Bertholon.
Turin} Morozzo. Vienna. Pilgram.
Padua. Toaldo. Reuss. 4
Gurzelen. Spi'iingli. Wolf.
Geneva. Deluc. 6 Berne. Studer.
Turin. Morozzo. 6 Boue\
Perpignan. Cotte.
Pleshow. De Brekling. 7 Reuss. Boue.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
St. Petersburg. Schroter, and Euler.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Chinon. Cotte.
Chinon. Cotte.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Jena. Zeissing.
St. Petersburg. Schroter and Euler.
D'Orbessan. Reuss and Boue. 8
Montmorenci. Cotte.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
' Acta Sci. Acad. Petrop. 1*80, p. 396.
2 Mem. Acad. Cienc. Madrid. III. 77.
8 Mem. de l'Aead. Toulouse. II. 20.
4 Saggi Acad, di Padua. I. 78.
6 Mitt. Naturforsch. Gesell. Bern. 1855, p. 44.
• Me'm. de l'Aead. Turin. II. 328.
' Acta Sci. Acad. Petrop. 1780, p. 15.
8 Mem. de l'Aead. Toulouse. II. 26.
reu.
11.
(i
15.
tt
22.
a
29.
a
29.
a
29.
a
29.
u
29.
a
29.
a
29.
a
29.
Mar
1.
it
2.
u
2.
a
2.
a
29.
tt
30.
a
30.
a
31.
Apr.
u
4.
6.
[(
13.
May 8.
June 15.
Cf
23.
June 24.
July 9.
" 11.
" 27.
" 28.
" 28.
" 28.
" 28.
" 28.
" 28.
" 29.
" 29.
Aug. 2.
" 27.
Sept. 2.
" 3.
" 4.
" 7.
" 10.
" 11.
" 21.
" 22.
" 22.
" 27.
Oct. 4.
6.
" 10.
" 24.
" 28.
" 30.
" 30.
Nov. x.
" 4.
" 14.
" 19.
' 20.
' 20.
' 21.
' 22.
' 23.
' 23.
' 25.
' 25.
' 25.
' 16.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Geneva ? Deluc. 1 Frankfort. Pilgram.
Germany. Boeckman. 2 Spain. Rico.
Jena. Zeissing. Reuss and Cotte.
Italy. Volta. 8 Bildersael. Pilgram.
Gurzelen. Sprungli. Wolf. Berne. Studer.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Europe. Cotte.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
St. Petersburg. Schroter and
Schroter
Schroter
Schroter
Schroter
Schroter
Schroter
and
and
and
and
and
and
Euler.
Euler.
Euler.
Euler.
Euler.
Euler.
Euler.
St. Petersburg.
St. Petersburg.
St. Petersburg.
St. Petersburg.
St. Petersburg.
St. Petersburg.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Franeker and Montmorenci. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Schroter and Euler.
Franeker and, Montmorenci. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Schroter and Euler.
Jena. Zeissing.
Barbadoes. Blane. Boue. 4
St. Petersburg. Schroter and Euler.
St. Petersburg. Schroter and Euler.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Franeker, Geneva, fyc. Cotte.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis
Berlin. Cotte.
Jena. Zeissing.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
St. Petersburg. Schroter and Euler.
Franeker. Cotte.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
St. Petersburg. Schroter and Euler.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Gurzelen. Sprungli. Wolf. Berne. Studer.
Franeker, La Eochelle, fyc. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
i Bull, de l'Aead. Brux. IX. Pt. II. 6.
2 Me'm. de l'Aead. Berlin. 1780, p. 17.
8 Phil. Trans. LXXII. Pt. I. p.xv.
* Roy. Soc. Edin. I. 34.
72
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Nov. 25.
" 26.
" 26.
" 27.
" 28.
" 29.
Dec. 15.
" 19.'
" 19.
" 19.
« 25.
" 27.
" 30.
" 31.
Jan. 1.
17.
17.
17.
21.
21.
22.
23.
25.
28.
29.
30.
30.
30.
30.
30.
31.
31.
Feb. 2.
5.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
16.
Feb. 21.
Mar. 14.
Vienna. Pilgrara.
La Rochelle. Cotte.
New Haven.
New Haven.
New Haven.
New Haven.
New Haven.
New Haven.
Geneva. Deluc. 1
Stiles. Loomis.
Stiles. Loomis.
Stiles. Loomis.
Stiles. Loomis.
Stiles. Loomis.
Stiles. Loomis.
Berlin. Beguelin.
St. Petersburg. Schroter and Euler.
St. Petersburg. Schroter and Euler.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Trieste. Pilgram.
Trieste. Pilgram.
1781.
Trieste. Pilgram.
Ipswich, Mass. Cutler.'-
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
St. Petersburg. Euler. 8
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Abbatias S. Zenonis.*
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Ipswich. Cutler.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Pilgram.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Ipswich. Cutler.
Munich. Huebpauer. Padua. Toaldo.
Ratisbon. Heinrich. Vienna. Pilgram.
Sagan. Preuss. Beziers. Eertholon.
Montmorenci. Cotte. 6
Ipswich. Cutler.
Peissenberg. Fischer and Schlogel.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Ipswich, Mass. Cutler.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Beziers. Bertholon. Berlin. Beguelin.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Ratisbon. Heinrich.
Padua. Toaldo. Montmorenci. Cotte.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Pilgram.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Mar. 14.
a
14.
a
16.
u
16.
a
19.
a
20.
a
20.
u
22.
a
23.
a
27.
a
27.
a
27.
a
27.
(i
27.
a
27.
u
27.
u
27.
a
27.
tt
28.
ti
28.
a
28.
tt
28.
a
28.
a
29.
u
29.
a
29.
a
29.
a
31.
Apr. 4.
u
13.
tt
13.
u
14.
u
14.
a
15.
a
15.
u
15.
U
16.
u
17.
it
17.
i.
19.
it
21.
it
24.
it
25.
it
26.
a
28.
May 4.
1 L'Institut. X. 341.
2 Mem. Amer. Acad. I. 337.
8 Acta Sci. Acad. Petrop. 1781. Pt. II. 409.
4 Observer unknown. Ephem. Soc. Met. Palat. I. 404.
6 Journ. des Savaus. 1782, p. 163.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Wurlemberg. Pilgram.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Berlin. Beguelin. Mannheim. Pilgram.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Erfurt. Planer. Pilgram.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Padua. Toaldo.
Cambridge. Gannett. 1
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. 1 Lovering.
Ipswich. Cutler. Dover, N. H. Belknap. 2
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
"Watermeyer, Jahn.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Pilgram and Reuss.
Erfurt. Planer. Ratisbon. Heinrich.
London. Cavallo. 8 Montmorenci. Cotte.
Franeker. Van Swinden. Boue.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Berlin. Beguelin. Pilgram.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Bertholon. 4
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Montmorenci. C8tte.
Ipswich. Cutler. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Berlin. Beguelin. Mannheim. Hemmer.
Erfurt. Planer. Sagan. Preuss. Pilgram.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Erfurt. Planer. Mannheim. Pilgram.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Pilgram.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Ratisbon. Heinrich.
1 Mem. Amer. Acad. II. 136.
2 Amer. Phil. Trans. II. 196.
8 Phil. Trans. LXXI. 329.
4 Encvc. Method. I. 362.
AlsoN. S. IX. 115.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
73
May 11. East Hartford, Conn. Stiles. Looniis.
11. Berlin. Beguelin.
14. Berlin. Beguelin.
1 6. Berlin. Beguelin.
17. Brimfield, Mass. Stiles. Loomis.
17. Berlin. Beguelin.
18. Berlin. Beguelin.
June 7. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
8. Batisbon. Heinrich.
8. Mannheim. Pilgram. Jena. Zeissing.
9. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
9. Mannheim. Hemmer. Pilgram.
19. Mannheim. Hemmer. Pilgram.
20. Ipswich. Cutler. Neiv Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
28. Batisbon. Heinrich.
29. Batisbon. Heinrich.
July 8. Mannheim ? Hemmer. Pilgram.
9. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
22. Montmorenci. Cotte.
Aug. 6. Ipswich. Cutler.
8. Cambridge. Gannett. 1
8. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
12. St. Petersburg. Euler.
14. Ipswich. Cutler.
16. Wiirzburg. Egel.
17. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
20. Ipswich. Cutler. Neiv Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
21. Ipswich. Cutler. Montmorenci. Cotte.
21. Mannheim. Hemmer. Pilgram.
22. Cambridge. Gannett.
23. Cambridge. Gannett.
23. Sagan. Preus.
25. Montmorenci. Cotte.
26. Mannheim. Hemmer.
Sept. 3. Mannheim. Hemmer.
7. Wiirzburg. Egel.
8. Montmorenci. Cotte.
9. Wiirzburg. Egel.
18. Cambridge. Gannett. Ipswich
18. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
18. Berlin. Beguelin. St. Petersburg.
18. Peissenberg. Fischer and Schlogel.
19. Cambridge. Gannett.
19. Berlin. Beguelin. Sagan. Preus.
22. Prague. Strnad.
23. Erfurt. Planer. Jena. Zeissing.
23. Paris. Bertholon. 2 St. Petersburg. Euler.
Ipswich. Cutler.
Pilgram.
Pilgrain.
Cutler.
Euler.
Mem. Amer. Acad. I. 327.
2 Encyc. Method. I. 362.
VOL. X.
10
Sept. 23.
" 24.
" 24.
" 24.
" 25.
" 25.
" 25.
« 25.
" 25.
" 26.
Oct. 3.
4.
" 8.
" 14.
« 15.
" 15.
" 15.
« 15.
" 15.
« 15.
" 16.
" 16.
" 19.
" 19.
" 19.
" 21.
Nov. 8.
" 13.
" 14.
" 15.
" 15.
" 16.
" 18.
" 19.
" 19.
" 19.
Dec. 9.
" 10.
" 11.
" 11.
" 11.
" 11.
" 12.
" 16.
" 19.
" 22.
" 30.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Erfurt. Planer. Jena. Zeissing. Pilgram.
Mannheim. • Hemmer. Berlin. Beguelin.
St. Petersburg. Euler. Montmorenci. Cotte.
Cambridge. . Gannett. Ipswich. Cutler.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Slough. Herschel. 1 Montmorenci. Cotte.
Mount St. Andex, Bavaria. Kettel.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Pilgram.
Ipswich. Cutler.
Prague. Strnad.
Cambridge. Gannett. Ipsioich. Cutler.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Batisbon. Heinrich. Sagan. Preus.
Peissenberg. Fischer and Schlogel.
Padua. Toaldo.
Erfurt. Planer. Mannheim. Hemmer.
Erfurt'. Planer. Prague. Strnad.
Sagan. Preus. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Gannett, Ipswich. Cutler.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Sagan. Preus. Pilgram.
Berlin. Beguelin. Munich. Huebpauer.
Sagan. Preus.
Sagan ? Preus.
Cambridge. Gannett.
Cambridge. Gannett.
Cambridge. Gannett.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Ipswich. Cutler.
Sagan ? Preus.
Cambridge. Gannett. Ipswich. Cutler.
Neiv Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Pilgram.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Prague. Strnad.
Ipswich. Cutler. Jena. Zeissing.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Berlin. Besruelin.
Sagan. Preus. Padua. Toaldo. Pilgram.
Berlin. Beguelin. Wiirzburg. Egel.
Erfurt. Planer. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Erfurt. Planer.
Erfurt. Planer.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Sagan ? Preus.
Erfurt. Planer.
1 Nicholson's Journal. VI. 13.
74
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Jan. 2.
1782.
Ipswich. Cutler.
Prague. Strnad.
Mannheim. Koenig.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Koenig. Sagan. Preus.
Mannheim. Hemmer, &c.
St. Petersburg. Euler. 1
Mannheim. Hemmer.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Berlin. Beguelin. Erfurt. Planer.
Ipswich. Cutler.
Tigurina Aedes, Bavaria. Gothard.
Prague. Strnad. Tigurina Aedes. Gothard.
Tigurina Aedes. Gothard.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Prague. Strnad. Bologna. Matteucci.
Beziers. Bertholon. 2
Copenhagen. Bugge ?
Cambridge. Gannett. Ipswich. Cutler.
Mannheim. Koenig. Sagan. Preus.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Berlin. Beguelin. Prague. Strnad.
Copenhagen. Bugge ? Sagan. Preus.
Copenhagen. Bugge.
Mannheim. Hemmer, &c. Berlin. Beguelin.
Montmorenci. Cotte. 8
Copenhagen. Bugge. Sagan. Preus.
Berlin. Beguelin. Copenhagen.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Ralisbon. Heinrich.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Cambridge. Gannett. Ipswich.
Cambridge. Gannett. Ipswich.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Cambridge. Gannett. Ipswich.
Copenhagen. Bugge. Montmorenci.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Ipswich. Cutler. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Copenhagen. Bugge,
i Acta Sci. Acad. Petrop., 1782. Pt. II., p. 371.
2 Encyc. Method. I. 367.
3 Journ. des Savans, 1782-3.
(1
4.
tt
5.
u
8.
tt
9.
a
10.
a
10.
tt
12.
Feb
. 3.
tt
3.
u
6.
u
15.
ft
16.
«
17.
tt
18.
«
25.
ft
25.
Mar
. 7.
«
9.
<(
9.
ft
10.
«
10.
ft
10.
u
14.
ft
15.
a
15.
ft
15.
ft
17.
ft
17.
ft
19.
ft
29.
u
30.
ft
31.
Apr
1.
ft
2.
tt
4.
u
6.
tt
7.
ft
13.
<c
14.
i.
27.
May
4.
ft
4.
ft
5.
ft
5.
Bugge.
Cutler.
Cutler.
Cutler.
Cotte.
Ipswich. Cutler.
Loomis.
Loomis.
May 6. Ipswich. Cutler. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
" 7. Padua. Toaldo and Chiminello.
" 7. Montmorenci. Cotte.
" 9. Cambridge. Gannett. Ipswich. Cutler.
" 9. Mannheim. Hemmer and Koenig.
" 16. Vienna. Pilgram.
" 17. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 18. Vienna. Pilgram.
" 20. Berlin. Beguelin.
" 22. Cambridge. Gannett.
" 23. Berne. Studer.
" 24. New Haven. .Stiles.
June 1. New Haven. Stiles.
" 4. Padua. Toaldo and Chiminello.
" 5. Ipswich. Cutler. Mannheim. Koenig.
" 6. Ipsivich. Cutler. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
" 13 Mannheim. Hemmer, &c.
July. 1 9. Cambridge. Gannett. Ipswich. Cutler.
'' 10. Cambridge. Gannett.
" 20. Ipswich. Cutler. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
" 20. Mannheim. Hemmer and Koenig.
" 31. Padua. Toaldo and Chiminello.
Aug. 4. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 5. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
" 12. New Haven. Smiles. Loomis.
" 22. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 26. Cambridge. Gannett. Ipswich. Cutler.
" 26. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
" 27. Netc Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
" 28. Ipswich. Cutler. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
" 30. Slough. Herschel. 2
Sept. 2. The Hague. Van Swinden.
" 2. Brussels. Durondeau ? 3
" 2. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 3. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 5. Ipswich. Cutler.
" 6. Ipswich. Cutler. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 6. Sagan. Preus. The Hague. Van Swinden.
" 9. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
" 10. Mannheim. Hemmer. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 12. Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
" 12. Ipswich. Cutler.
" 12. The Hague. Van Swinden. Padua. Toaldo.
" 12. Mannheim. Hemmer, &c. Berlin. Beguelin.
" 12. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 13. Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
1 One aurora was seen at Berlin this month, but the day is not
given by Beguelin.
2 Nicholson's Journal, VI. 13.
3 Mem. de l'Acad. Brux. IV. 607.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
75
Sept.13.
« 13.
« 13.
" 13.
« 13.
« 14.
« 15.
" 22.
" 22.
" 29.
« 30.
" 30.
" 30.
" 30.
" 30.
« 30.
Oct. 1 1.
" 1.
" 1.
" 1.
« 2.
" 2.
« 3.
« 3.
" 5.
" 8.
" 8.
« 9.
« 9.
" 9.
" 9.
" 9.
" 10.
« 10.
" 11.
" 14.
" 17.
" 26.
Nov. 19.
» 20.
" 26.
" 26.
« 26.
Dec. 29.
« 31.
Cambridge. Gannett. Ipswich. Cutler.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Mannheim. Hemmer,&c. Ratisbon. Heinrich-
The Hague. Van Swinden. Prague. Strnad. 1
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Gannett.
Ipsicich. Cutler. Brussels. Mann.
Cambridge. Gannett. Ipsicich. Cutler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Gannett.
Cambridge. "Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Gannett. Ipswich. Cutler.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Mannheim. Hemmer, &c.
St. Petersburg. Euler. Montmorenci. Cotte.
Brussels. Durondeau ?
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Berlin. Beguelin. Erfurt. Planer.
Copenhagen. Bugge. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Montmorenci. Cotte. Sagan. Preus.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Gannett.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Montmorenci. Cotte. Sagan. Preus.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Copenhagen. Bugge. Peissenberg. Schwaiger.
Mannheim. Hemmer, &c. Berlin. Beguelin.
Rochelle. Seignette. Buda. Weiss.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Gannett.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Middleburg. Van de Perre.
Berlin. Beguelin. Ratisbon. Heinrich.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Gannett.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Cambridge. Gannett.
Copenhagen. Bugge.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Ipswich. Cutler. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Copenhagen. Bugge.
Sagan. Preus.
1 Auroras were frequent in Ipswich in the 6rst part of this
month. Two occurred in Brussels : but the dates are not given
in the Mem. de l'Acad. Brux. ir.
Jan. 9.
" 13.
" 26.
" 26.
" 30.
" 31.
Feb. 1.
« 2.
" 2.
" 12.
" 21.
" 27.
" 27.
" 27.
" 27.
« 28.
Mar. 1.
" 2.
" 2.
" 4.
" 4.
" 4.
" 4.
" 9.
" 16.
" 18.
" 20.
" 21.
" 22.
« 24.
" 25.
« 26.
" 26.
« 26.
" 27.
" 27.
" 27.
" 29.
« 29.
" 29.
" 29.
« 29.
« 30.
" 30.
" 30.
» 30.
l Acta
a Trans
8 Journ
Cutler.
New Haven.
Cambridge.
Cambridge.
1783.
Dijon. Maret.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Cambridge. Gannett. Ipswich.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Erfurt. Planer.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Stiles. Loomis.
Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Gannett. Ipswich. Cutler.
Tigurina Aedes. Gothard.
Cambridge. Gannett.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Gannett. Ipsicich. Cutler.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
St. Petersburg. Euler. 1
Lubeck. Behn. St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Gannett. Ipswich. Cutler.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Stockholm. Nicander. Erfurt. Planer.
Lubeck. Behn. Sagan. Preus.
Copenhagen. Bugge.
Cambridge. Gannett.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Padua. Toaldo and Chiminello.
Jena. Zeissing.
Sagan. Preus. Hey.
Prague. Strnad.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis. Padua. Toaldo.
Sagan. Preus.
Cambi 'dge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Ipswich. Cutler. Dover, N. H. Belknap. -
Slough. Herschel. Hey. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Gannett.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Gannett. Ipswich. Cutler.
Stiles. Loomis.
Koenig. Sagan. Preus.
Van Swinden. Laon. Cotte. 3
Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Gannett.
Mannheim. Hemmer, &c. Gurzelen. Spriingli.
Erfurt. Planer. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Sei. Acad. Petrop. 1783, Pt. II. p. 417.
Phil. Soc. Phil. II. 196.
des Savans. 17S4, p. 307.
Cambridge.
New Haven.
Mannheim.
The Hague.
Cambridge.
Cambridge.
76
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
RocheUe. Seignette. Sagan. Preus.
Dusseldorp. Phennings. Berlin. Beguelin.
RocheUe. Seignette.
Cambridge. "Wigglesworth. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Mannheim. Koenig.
Cambridge. Gannett. Sagan. Preus.
Cambridge. "Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Gannett. Ipswich. Cutler.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
St. Petersburg. Euler. Padua. Toaldo.
Mannheim. Koenig.
Middleburg. Van de Perre.
Berlin. Beguelin. Brussels. Chevalier. 1
Cambridge. Gannett.
Ipswich. Cutler. Jena. Zeissing.
Berlin. Beguelin. Prague. Strnad. Hey.
Copenhagen. Bugge. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Erfurt. Planer.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Sagan. Preus.
Mannheim. Koenig.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Brussels. Chevalier. Sagan. Preus.
Ipswich. Cutler. Brussels. Chevalier.
Middleburg. Van de Perre. Laon. Cotte.
Mannheim. Hemmer, &c. Hey. 2
Copenhagen. Bugge. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Sagan. Preus. Erfurt. Planer.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Gannett. Ipswich. Cutler.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Paris. Bertholon. Boue.
Berlin. Beguelin. Brussels. Chevalier.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Sagan. Preus.
Copenhagen. Bugge. Padua. Toaldo.
Prague. Strnad. RocheUe. Seignette.
Stockholm. Nicander. Dijon. Maret.
Ratisbon. Heinrich. Gottingen. Gatterer.
Dusseldorp. Phennings. Erfurt. Planer.
Middleburg. Van de Perre. Laon. Cotte,
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Prague. Strnad. Middleburg. Van de Perre.
Mannheim. Hemmer, &c.
Berlin. Beguelin. St. Petersburg. Euler
Erfurt. Planer. Copenhagen. Bugge.
Prague. Strnad. Sagan. Preus.
Ratisbon. Heinrich. Jena. Zeissing.
1 Mem. de l'Aead. Brux. V. 432.
» Phil. Trans. LXXX. 32
Mar. 30.
u
30.
il
31.
Apr
2.
u
2.
a
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u
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28.
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29.
a
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29.
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29.
«
29.
Apr. 29.
" 29.
" 29.
« 30.
May 1.
" 1.
" 2.
" 2.
" 2.
« 3.
" 3.
" 4.
" 5.
" 5.
" 12.
" 12.
" 12.
" 12.
" 13.
" 13.
" 16.
" 17.
" 21.
" 22.
" 29.
" 29.
" 29.
June 1.
" 3.
" 13.
" 29.
July 2.
" 28.
" 30.
Aug. 1.
" 1.
" 1.
" 1.
" 2.
" 8.
" 9.
" 16.
" 19.
" 24.
Sept. 15.
" 25.
" 25.
" 26.
'< 26.
" 26.
Paris. Bertholon. Boue.
Middleburg. Van de Perre.
Gottingen. Gatterer. Laon. Cotte.
Mannheim. Hemmer. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Sagan. Preus. Jena. Zeissing.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Ipswich. Cutler. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Moscow. Engel.
Prague. Strnad. Sagan. Preus.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Prague. Strnad.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Copenhagen. Bugge. Laon. Cotte.
Mannheim. Koenig. Stockholm. Nicander.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Brussels. Chevalier.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Ipswich. Cutler.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Laon. Cotte.
Brussels. Chevalier.
Berlin. Beguelin. Copenhagen. Bugge.
Laon. Cotte.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Gannett.
Mannheim. Koenig. Ratisbon. Heinrich.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis. Padua. Toaldo.
Erfurt. Planer.
Ipswich. Cutler.
Ipswich. Cutler.
Ratisbon ? Heinrich.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Mannheim. Koenig.
Cambridge. Gannett.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Prague. Strnad.
Copenhagen. Bugge. Ratisbon. Heinrich.
Ratisbon. Heinrich.
Prague. Strnad.
Ratisbon. Heinrich.
Cambridge. Gannett. Ipswich. Cutler.
Cambridge. Gannett. Ipswich. Cutler.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Laon. Cotte.
Copenhagen. Bugge. Stockholm. Nicander.
Middleburg. Van de Perre. Prague. Strnad.
Copenhagen. Bugge. Stockholm. Nicander.
Middleburg. Van de Perre.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
77
Oct. 22.
Middleburg. Van de Perre
Sagan. Preus.
Apr. 18.
" 22.
Erfurt. Planer. Peissenberg. Schwaiger.
" 21.
" 22.
Berlin. Beguelin. Buda.
Weiss.
" 24.
« 22.
St. Petersburg. Euler. Laon. Cotte.
May 5.
" 23.
Laon. Cotte.
" 6.
" 24.
Rochelle. Seignette.
" 9.
" 26.
Dijon. Maret. Berlin}
Beguelin.
" 17.
" 27.
Berlin. Beguelin.
" 17.
" 29.
Prague. Strnad. Laon.
Cotte.
June 11.
" 30.
Copenhagen. Bugge.
" 16.
" 31.
Laon. Cotte.
" 17.
Nov. 3.
Mannheim. Koenig.
" 21.
" 11.
Mount St. Andex. Bavaria
Kettel.
" 30.
" 13.
Mannheim. Koenig.
July 1.
" 14.
Laon. Cotte.
" 3.
» 15.
Dijon. Maret.
" 24.
" 26.
Jena. Zeissing.
" 25.
Dec. 4.
Mannheim. Koenig.
" 25.
" 17.
Berlin. Beguelin.
" 26.
" 18.
Prague. Strnad.
Aug. 4.
" 5.
" 12.
1784.
Jan. 10.
Prague. Strnad.
" 12.
« 11.
Padua. Toaldo and Chiminello.
" 15.
" 20.
Rochelle. Seignette.
" 21.
" 21.
Rochelle. Seignette.
" 21.
" 28.
Spydberg, Norway. Wilse
" 30.
" 29.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Sept. 5.
Feb. 22.
Copenhagen. Bugge.
" 6.
« 23.
Thompson. 3
" 8.
« 24.
Stockholm. Nicander.
" 11.
Mar. 5.
Mannheim. Koenig.
" 12.
" 12.
Ratisbon ? Heinrich.
" 15.
" 13.
Mannheim ? Hemmer.
« 15.
" 14.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
" 15.
" 15.
Sagan. Preus.
" 15.
" 18.
Sagan. Preus,
" 15.
" 19.
Spydberg. Wilse.
" 15.
" 20.
Spydberg. Wilse.
Oct. 4.
« 29.
St. Petersburg. Euler. 8
" 6.
" 30.
Spydberg. Wilse.
" 7.
Apr. 8.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 11.
" 8.
Spydberg. Wiles.
" 13.
« 9.
Ratisbon ? Heinrich. Spydberg. Wilse.
" 14.
" 15.
Berlin. Beguelin. 4
Nov. 13.
" 16.
Berlin. Beguelin.
" 15.
" 15.
1 Aurora Australia.
2 Phil. Trans. LXXX. 101.
8 Acta Sci. Acad. Petrop. 1767. Pt. II. p. 303.
4 Kot in the Berlin Memoirs, but in Ephem. Soc. Met. Palat.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Padua. Toaldo and Chiminello.
Spydberg. Wilse.
Spydberg. Wilse.
Peissenberg. Schwaiger.
Laon. Cotte. 1
Erfurt. Planer. Jena. Zeissing.
Laon. Cotte.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Rochelle. Seignette.
Rochelle. Seignette.
Ratisbon. Heinrich.
St. Veran. Roberjot. 2
St. Veran. Roberjot.
Delphi? Van Swinden.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Laon. Cotte.
Copenhagen. Bugge. Padua. Toaldo.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Prague. Strnad.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Stockholm. Nicander.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Stockholm. Nicander.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Sagan. Preus.
Mannheim. Koenig.
Sagan. Preus.
Sagan. Preus.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Jena. Zeissing. Mannheim. Koenig.
Copenhagen. Bugge. Prague. Strnad.
Middleburg. Van de Perre. Sagan. Preus.
Stockholm. Nicander. Spydberg. Wilse.
Delphi? Van Swinden. Laon. Cotte.
Rochelle. Seignette.
Spydberg. Wilse. Stockholm. Nicander.
Spydberg. Wilse.
Spydberg. Wilse.
Spydberg. Wilse.
Spydberg. Wilse.
Cuba. Poey.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
1 Journ. des Savans, 1785, p. 243.
2 Journ. dePhys. XXIV. 399.
rs
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Nov. 15. Jena. Zeissing. Prague. Strnad.
" 15. Ratisbon. Heinrich. Sagan. Preus.
" 15. Dusseldorp. Phennings. Dijon. Maret.
" 15. Peissenberg. Schwaiger. Erfurt. Planer.
" 15. Munich. Huebpauer. Wiirzburg. Egel.
" 15. Mannheim. Hemraer, &c. Padua. Toaldo.
" 15. Mount St. Andex, Bavaria. Kettel.
" 19. Spydberg. Wilse. Berlin. Beguelin.
" 15. Laon. Cotte.
Dec. 6. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 11. Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
" 11. Spydberg. Wilse.
" 12. Spydberg. Wilse/
" 20. Spydberg. Wilse.
" 29. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 31. Sagan. Preus.
1785.
Spydberg. Wilse. Stockholm. Nicander.
Berlin. Beguelin. 1
Tigurina Aedes. Gothard.
Tigurina Aedes. Gothard.
St. Petersburg. Euler. 2
Tigurina Aedes. Gothard.
Cambridge. Williams.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Cambridge. Williams.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Spydberg. Wilse.
Spydberg. Wilse.
St. Petersburg. Euler. Sagan ? Preus.
Stockholm. Nicander. Spydberg. Wilse.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Paris. Cassini. 8
Brussels. Mann. 4
Stockholm. Nicander.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Williams. Mannheim. Hemmer.
Stockholm. Nicander.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Mannheim ? Hemmer.
Berlin. Beguelin. 5 Rochelle. Seignette.
1 Ephem. Soc. Met. Palat.
2 Acta Sci. Acad. Petrop. 1785. Pt. II. p. 322.
8 Mem. de l'Acad. 1 784.
* Me'm de l'Acad. Brux. V. 438.
6 Ephem. Soc. Met. Palat.
Jan.
1.
ti
17.
ti
26.
ti
28.
ii
29.
Feb.
3.
ii
7.
ii
16.
ii
17.
ii
22.
ii
23.
ii
28.
Mar
. 4.
ii
5.
ii
6.
ii
6.
ii
19.
ii
22.
Apr
ii
3.
4.
ii
7.
ii
12.
ii
18.
ii
26.
ii
27.
it
29
Apr. 30. Stockholm. Nicander.
May 1. Cambridge. Williams. Brussels. Mann.
" 9. Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
" 9. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
" 15. Brussels. Mann.
" 23. Spydberg. Wilse. Paris. Cassini.
June 5. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
" 14. Cambridge. Williams.
" 28. Mannheim. Koenig and Hemmer. 1
July 3. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
" 4. Brussels. Mann.
" 17. Cambridge. Williams. Brussels. Mann.
" 24. Mannheim. Hemmer.
" 24. Copenhagen. Bugge.
« 24. St. Petersburg. Euler. 2
Aug. 3. Brussels. Mann.
" 9. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis. Padua. Toaldo.
" 9. Berlin. Beguelin. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 11. Brussels. Mann.
" 30. Mannheim. Hemmer.
" 31. Middleburg. Van de Perre.
Sept. 1. Stockholm. Nicander.
" 3. Stockholm. Nicander.
" 8. Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
" 8. Cambridge. Williams.
" 8. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
" 8. Spydberg. Wilse. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 9. Spydberg. Wilse. Stockholm. Nicander.
" 11. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 12. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 13. Brussels. Mann.
" 14. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 23. Mannheim. Hemmer.
" 28. Stockholm. Nicander.
29. Spydberg. Wilse. Stockholm. Nicander.
3. Stockholm. Nicander.
4. Sagan. Preus. Stockholm. Nicander.
4. St. Petersburg. Euler.
5. Mannheim. Koenig. Jena. Zeissing.
5. Moscoic. Stritter. Stockholm. Nicander.
•' 5. St. Petersburg. Euler.
; ' 6. Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
'•' 5. Cambridge. Williams.
i( 6. Middleburg. Tan de Perre.
" 8. Cambridge. Williams.
" 9. Stockholm. Nicander.
" 9. St. Petersburg. Euler.
1 Aurora Borealis et Australis.
2 Ephem. Soc. Met. Palat.
ii
Oct.
ii
ii
ii
ii
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
79
Rochelle. Seignette.
Spydberg. Wilse.
St. Petersburg. Euler. Laon. Cotte. 1
Berlin. Beguelin. Erfurt. Planer.
Sagan. Preus. Brussels. Mann.
Mannheim. Koenig. Brussels. Mann.
Sagan '? Preus. Laon. Cotte.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Mannheim. Koenig. Stockholm. Nicander.
Berlin. Beguelin. Sagan ? Preus.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Spydberg. Wilse.
Spydberg. Wilse.
Spydberg. Wilse.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Copenhagen. Bugge.
1786.
Prague. Strnad. Sagan ? Preus.
Mannheim. Hemmer,
Brussels. Mann.
Lowenorn. 2
Tigurina Aedes. Gothard.
St. Petersburg. Euler. 8
Stockholm. Nicander. Spydberg. Wilse.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Berlin. Beguelin. Sagan ? Preus.
Spydberg. Wilse.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Stockholm. Nicander.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering. Spydberg. Wilse.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Berlin. Beguelin. Copenhagen. Bugge.
St. Petersburg. Euler. Brussels. Mann. 4
St. Petersburg. Euler.
1 Journ. des Savans, 1786, p. 112.
2 Thompson's Met. p. 349.
8 Acta Soc. Acad. Petrop. 1786. Pt. II. p. 321.
4 Mem. de l'Acad. Brux. V. 445.
Oct.
22.
K
27.
Nov
. 2.
a
2.
a
2.
t(
5.
a
6.
a
28.
a
29.
a
29.
a
29.
it
29.
tt
30.
Dec
. 6.
H
13.
U
19.
u
19.
a
25.
a
26.
a
28.
CC
29.
u
30.
Jan.
4.
a
14.
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18.
u
29.
tt
30.
Feb
3.
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3.
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a
16.
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16.
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17.
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20.
a
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a
28.
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28.
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28.
k
1.
Mar. 2.
it
2.
it
3.
a
3.
a
4.
tt
4.
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11.
a
13.
tt
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a
13.
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16.
tt
17.
tt
18.
a
18.
tt
19.
ti
19.
a
19.
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19.
a
19
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19.
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20.
ti
20.
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tt
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22.
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it
23.
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25.
tt
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a
25.
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27.
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27.
it
27.
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28.
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29.
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29.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Stockholm. Nicander. Spydberg. Wilse.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Stockholm. Nicander. Spydberg. Wilse.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Stockholm. Nicander.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. . Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Stockholm. Nicander.
<Sif. Petersburg. Euler.
Stockholm. Nicander. Spydberg. Wilse.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Moscow. Stritter. Paris. Cassini. 1
St. Petersburg. Euler. Prague. Strnad.
Stockholm. Nicander. Spydberg. Wilse.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Erfurt. Planer. Moscow. Stritter.
St. Petersburg. Euler. Berlin. Beguelin.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis. Sagan ? Preus.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis. Sutz. Spriingli.
Brussels. Mann. Ratisbon. Heinrich.
Marseilles. St. Jacques. Padua. Toaldo.
Peissenberg. Schwaiger. Berne. Studer.
Prague. Strnad. Sagan ? Preus.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Mount St. Andex. Kettel. Buda. Bruna.
Munich. Huebpauer. Sagan ? Preus.
Rome. Calandrelli. Stockholm. Nicander.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Berlin. Beguelin. Mannheim. Hemmer.
Marseilles. St. Jacques.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
G mbridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
St. Petersburg. Euler. Moscow. Stritter.
Marseilles. St. Jacques. Sagan ? Preus.
1 Mem. de l'Acad. 1786.
80
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Mar
.29.
«
30.
«
30.
u
30.
a
30.
«
30.
a
31.
a
31.
u
31.
tt
31.
«
31.
Apr
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a
2.
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23.
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23.
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24.
a
24.
a
25.
Spydberg. Wilse. Berne. Studer.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
St. Petersburg. Euler. Spydberg. Wilse.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Stockholm. Nicander. Sagan. Preus.
»Sf. Petersburg. Euler.
Stockholm. Nicander.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salon. Holyoke. Lovering.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Berlin. Beguelin. Sagan? Preus.
Copenhagen. Bugge.
Brussels. Mann.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Stockholm. Nicander.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Stockholm. Nicander.
<Sif. Petersburg. Euler. Jena. Zeissing.
Berlin. Beguelin. Delphi. Van Swinden.
Eatisbon. Heinrich. Sagan. Preus.
Brussels. Mann. Stockholm. Nicander.
Erfurt. Planer. Padua. Toaldo.
Coperihagen. Bugge.
Sagan ? Preus.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Sagan ? Preus.
Sagan. Preus. Brussels. Mann.
Stockholm. Nicander.
St. Petersburg. Euler. Sagan. Preus.
St. Petersburg. Euler. Copenhagen. Bugge.
Sagan. Preus. Eatisbon. Heinrich.
Stockholm. Nicander. Mannheim. Hemmer.
Berlin. Beguelin. Wiirzburg. Egel.
Spydberg. Wilse.
Stockholm. Nicander. Brussels. Mann.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Sagan ? Preus.
Berlin. Beguelin. Sagan. Preus.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Berlin. Beguelin. Sagan ? Preus.
Apr. 26.
" 26.
" 26.
" 26.
" 26.
" 26.
" 27.
" 27.
" 27.
" 28.
" 28.
" 28.
" 29.
" 29.
" 29.
" 29.
« 29.
" 29.
" 30.
May 1.
" 1.
" 1.
" 2.
" 2.
" 2.
" 2.
' 3.
' 4.
' 5.
' 8.
' 11.
' 12.
' 14.
' 15.
' 15.
' 16.
' 17.
' 18.
' 19.
' 19.
' 20.
' 22.
' 22.
' 22.
' 23.
< 24.
' 30.
' 31.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Stockholm. Nicander.
St. Petersburg. Euler. Berlin. Beguelin.
Prague. Strnad. Sagan ? Preus.
Cambridge. Williams. Sagan ? Preus.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Delphi. Van Swinden. Sagan. Preus.
Brussels. Mann. Prague. Strnad.
Stockholm. Nicander. Eatisbon. Heinrich.
Stockholm. Nicander. Delphi. Van Swinden.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Berlin. Beguelin. Kendal. Dalton. 2
Paris. Cassini. Brussels. Mann.
Copenhagen. Bugge. Delphi. Van Swinden.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Berlin. Beguelin. Brussels. Mann.
Berlin. Beguelin. Brussels. Mann.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Brusselt. Mann.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Kendal.
Brussels.
Berlin.
Berlin.
Prague.
Brussels.
Brussels.
Berlin.
Dalton.
Mann.
Beguelin.
Beguelin.
Strnad.
Mann.
Mann.
Beguelin.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Paris. Cassini.
Brussels. Mann.
Brussels.
Loomis.
Mann.
New Haven. Stiles.
Brussels. Mann.
Brussels. Mann.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Berlin. Beguelin. Kendal. Dalton.
Borne. Calandrelli. Brussels. Mann.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Berlin. Beguelin. Padua. Toaldo.
Sagan. Preus.
Cambridge.
Wigglesworth.
Lovering.
1 Meter. Obserr. and Essays, p. 54.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
81
May 30. Montmorenci. Cotte.
31. Cambridge. Williams.
31. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
31. Paris. Cassini. Berlin. Beguelin. 1
31. Montmorenci. Cotte.
31. Delphi. Van Swinden.
June 1. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
1. Delphi. Van Swinden.
4. Montmorenci. Cotte.
5. Mannheim ? Hemmer.
19. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
19. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
28. Delphi. Van Swinden.
30. Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
30. Cambridge. Williams.
30. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
30. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis. Brussels. Mann
July 1. Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
1. Cambridge. Williams.
1. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
1. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
2. Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
2. Cambridge. Williams.
2. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
2. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
5. Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
5. Cambridge. Williams.
5. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering. Paris. Cassini.
15. Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
15. Cambridge. Williams.
15. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
15. Kendal. Dalton. Copenhagen. Bugge.
1 6. Cambridge. Williams.
17. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
18. Berlin. Beguelin.
19. Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
19. Cambridge. Williams.
20. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering. Brussels. Mann.
22. Brussels. Mann.
24. Berlin. Beguelin. Brussels. Mann.
25. Montmorenci. Cotte.
27. Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
27. Cambridge. Williams.
27. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
29. Prague. Strnad.
Aug. 2. Brussels. Mann.
3. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering. Brussels. Mann.
This and the aurora of May 24th are not mentioned in the
Berlin Memoirs ; but in the Ephem. Soc. Met. Palat.
VOL. X. 11
Aug
11.
((
16.
tt
17.
it
18.
a
18.
a
18.
a
19.
tt
21.
u
22.
u
22.
a
22.
u
22.
it
22.
it
24.
a
25.
a
25.
it
25.
it
25.
tt
25.
it
31.
tt
31.
Sept. 2.
" 3.
u
3.
u
5.
u
8.
II
14.
a
17.
u
19.
u
19.
a
18.
u
18.
u
20.
u
20.
a
21.
u
22.
a
23.
u
24.
a
26.
u
28.
u
28.
a
28.
U
29.
a
29.
a
29.
a
29.
«
30.
Oct
. 1.
Kendal. Dalton.
Brussels. Mann.
Kendal. Dalton.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Brussels. Mann. St. Petersburg.
Brussels. Mann.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Brussels.
Euler.
Mann.
Wigglesworth.
Williams.
Lovering.
Cambridge.
Cambridge.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
St. Petersburg. Euler. 3fannheim. Hemmer.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Loomis.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Stockholm. Nicander.
St. Petersburg. Euler. 1
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Kendal. Dalton. St. Petersburg, Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Berlin. Beguelin.
Stockholm. Nicander. Paris. Cassini.
Kendal. Dalton. Delphi. Van Swinden.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Kendal. Dalton. Sagan ?
Stockholm. Nicander.
Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Kendal. Dalton.
( 'canbridge. Wigglesworth.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering. Kendal. Dalton.
Copenhagen. Bugge.
Stockholm. Nicander. Spydberg. Wilse.
St. Petersburg. Euler. Spydberg. Wilse.
Preus
Lover
i Ephem. Soc. Met. Pal.
82
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Oct. 2.
2.
» 3.
" 10.
" 12.
" 13.
" 13.
" 13.
•' 13.
" 13.
" 13.
" 13.
" 13.
" 13.
" 14.
•' 16.
" 1G.
" 17.
" 17.
" 17.
" 17.
" 17.
" 17.
" 17.
" 17.
" 17.
" 18.
" 19.
« 20.
" 21.
« 22.
•■ 23.
" 23.
" 25.
" 25.
" 25.
" .25.
" 25.
" 25.
" 26.
" 27.
« 27.
" 28.
" 28.
Nov. 8.
" 10.
" 11.
" 12.
Home. Calandrelli. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Spydberg. Wilse.
Spydberg. Wilse.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Sagan. Preus.
Cambridge. Wiggles worth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Kendal. Dalton. Paris. Cassini.
Delphi. Van Swinden. Padua. Toaldo.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Erfurt. Planer.
Sagan ? Preus. Stockholm. Nieander.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Bllgrcre.
Co
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Hemmer. Padua. Toaldo.
Stiles. Loomis.
Hemmer.
Wigglesworth. Lovering.
AA'illiams.
Loverins;.
Copenhagen.
Mannheim.
New Haven
Mannheim.
Cambridge.
Cambridge.
Salem. Holyoke.
Spydberg. Wilse.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Stockholm. Nieander.
Brussels. Mann. Montmorenci. Cotte.
Middleburg. Van de Perre.
Delphi. Van Swinden. Sagan. Preus.
Brussels. Mann. Spydberg. Wilse.
Spydberg. Wilse.
St. Petersburg. Euler. Spydberg. Wilse.
Gothaab, Greenland. Ginge. 1
Sagan ? Preus.
Sagan ? Preus. Gothaab. Ginge.
Stockholm. Nieander.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering. Padua. Toaldo.
Kendal. Dalton. Jena. Zeissing.
Berlin. Beguelin. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Prague. Strnad. Stockholm. Nieander.
Stockholm. Nieander. Spydberg. Wilse.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Spydberg. Wilse. Gothaab. Ginge.
Sagan. Preus. Gothaab. Ginge.
Spydberg. Wilse.
Paris. Cassini.
Gothaab. Ginge.
Stockholm. Nieander.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Stockholm. Nieander.
Nov. 12.
" 13.
" 13.
" 14.
" 14.
" 15.
" 15.
" 16.
" 16.
" 16.
" 16.
" 17.
" 18.
" 18.
" 19.
" 20.
" 20.
" 21.
" 21.
" 21.
" 22.
" 28.
" 29.
Dec. 1 3.
" 5.
" 7.
8.
" 10.
" 11.
•' 12.
" 13.
" 14.
" 15.
" 15.
" 18.
" 20.
" 22.
" 24.
" 25.
" 25.
" 26.
" 31.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Spydberg. Wilse.
Kendal. Dalton. Gothaab. Ginge.
Copenhagen. Bugge. Spydberg. Wilse.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis. Gothaab. Ginge,
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
St. Petersburg. Euler. Gothaab. Ginge.
Stockholm. Nieander. Spydberg. Wilse.
Gothaab. Ginge. Spydberg. Wilse.
Lovering.
Spydberg. Wilse.
Gothaab. Ginge.
Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke.
Gothaab. Ginge.
Gothaab. Ginge.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. AVigglesworth.
< 'ambridge. AVilliams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering. Gothaab. Ginge.
Gothaab. Ginge.
Gothaab. Ginge.
Gothaab. Ginge.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering. Brussels. Mann.
Gothaab. Ginge.
Gothaab. Ginge.
Gothaab. Ginge.
Gothaab. Ginge.
Gothaab. Ginge. 2
Gothaab. Ginge.
Gothaab. Ginge.
Salem. Holyoke.
Gothaab. Ginge.
Brussels. Mann.
Middleburg. Van de Perre.
Stockholm. Nieander.
Stockholm. Nieander. Gothaab.
Stockholm. Nieander.
Gothaab. Ginge. Kendal. Dalton.
Gothaab. Ginge.
Stockholm. Nieander.
1787.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Lovering.
St. Petersburg.
Euler.
Ginge.
1 Ephem. Soc. Met. Palat. VII.
Jan. 2. Stockholm. Nieander.
" 7. Stockholm. Nieander. Mannheim. Hemmer.
1 There were thirty auroras seen in Greenland in November and
December, and sixteen in the following January. Ephem. Soc.
Met. Palat. VII.
2 Schweigg. Jahr. XVI. 289. Edin. Phil. Journ. XII. 84.
OX THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
83
Jan. 7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
21.
22.
22.
22.
22.
22.
22.
23.
24.
25.
25.
27.
27.
28.
29.
Feb. 3.
3.
4.
6.
8.
9.
9.
12.
14.
15.
15.
15.
15.
15.
16.
17.
Edsberg. Norway. Wilse.
Edsberg. "Wilse. Stockholm. Nicander.
RocheUe. Seignette. Stockholm. Nicander.
Edsberg. Wilse. Gothaab. Ginge.
Edsberg. Wilse. Gothaab. Ginge.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Kendal.
Gothaab.
Gothaab.
Gothaab.
Dalton.
Ginge.
Ginge.
Ginje.
Gothaab. Ginge.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
i "
Mem.
Nova
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering. Gothaab. GiDge.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
Gothaab. Ginge.
Gothaab. Ginge.
Gothaab. Ginge.
Gothaab. Ginge. Sagan. Preus.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Edsberg. Wilse. Mannheim. Hemmer.
Sagan. Preus. Bologna. Matteucci.
Prague. Stmad. Erfurt. Planer.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Gottingen. Gatterer. Stockholm. Nicander.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Gothaab. Ginge.
Kendal. Dalton. Stockholm. Nicander.
Kendal. Dalton. Paris. Cassini. 1
Copenhagen. Bugge. Stockholm. Nicander
Gothaab. Ginge. Prague. Strnad.
Edsberg. Wilse.
Gothaab. Ginge.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
St. Petersburg. Euler. 2
Stockholm. Nicander.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Salem. Holvoke. Lovering.
Edsberg. Wilse.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Cambridge. Williams. Gothaab. Ginge.
Gothaab. Ginge. Ratisbon. Heinrich.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Paris. Cassini. Stockholm. Nicander.
Padua. Toaldo. Bologna. Matteucci.
Gothaab. Ginge. Wiirzburg. Egel.
Minzburg. Egel. Stockholm. Nicander.
del'Acad. 1787. p. 19.
Acta Soc. Acad. Pctrop. V. 96 et 320.
Feb. 18.
" 19.
" 20.
" 20.
" 21.
" 21.
" 22.
" 22.
24.
25.
" 25.
« 27.
Mar. 6.
« 7.
" 10.
" 12.
» 13.
« 14.
" 16.
" 16.
" 17.
" 18.
" 18.
" 18.
" 18.
" 18.
" 18.
" 19.
" 20.
" 20.
" 20.
" 20.
" 20.
" 20.
" 21.
" 21.
" 21.
" 21.
" 21.
" 21.
" 21.
" 21.
" 21.
" 21.
" 21.
Gothaab. Ginge.
Gothaab. Ginge.
Salem. Holvoke.
Edsberg. Wilse.
Edsberg. Wilse.
Sagan. Preus.
Bugge.
Lovering.
Copenhagen.
Copenhagen. Bugge.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Sale?n. Holyoke. Lovering. Kendal. Dalton
Edsberg. Wilse. Gottingen. Gatterer.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Berlin. Beguelin. Mannheim. Hemmer.
Prague. Strnad.
Prague. Strnad.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Stockholm. Nicander.
St. Petersburg. Euler. Stockholm. Nicander.
Moscow. Stritter. Gothaab. Gin<*e.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Ronneburg. Dietmann. Boue. 1
Gothaab. Ginge.
Edsberg. Wilse. Mannheim. Hemmer.
Sagan. Preus.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Gothaab. Gin<*e.
Edsberg. Wilse. Paris. Cassini.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Gothaab. Ginge.
Sagan. Preus. Munich. Huebpauer.
Buda. Bruna. Copenhagen. Bugge.
Gothaab. Ginge. Peissenherg. Schwai<rer.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Brussels. Mann. 2 Paris. Cassini.
Gothaab. Ginge.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
( 'mnbridge. Williams.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Edsberg. Wilse. Paris. Cassini.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Brussels. Mann.
Kendal. Dalton. Geneva. Senebier.
Erfurt. Planer. Ratisbon. Heinrich.
Stockholm. Nicander. Gottingen. Gatterer.
St. Petersburg. Euler. Copenhagen Bugge.
Peissenberg. Schwaiger. Berne. Studer.
RocheUe. Seignette. Sut:. Spriingli.
1 Sitz. Bericht. Wien. XLV.445.
2 The observations at Brussels for 1787 do not appear to have
been published in full either in the Mem. de 1'Acad. Brux..
or the Ephem. Soc. Met. Palat. There were thirty-three in all.
Mem. de l'Acad. Brux. V. 457.
84
ON THE PERIODICITT OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Mar. 21.
U
22.
tt
23.
a
23.
tt
23.
it
23.
a
24.
tt
24.
u
24.
u
25.
u
26.
tt
31.
a
81.
Apr
. 2.
u
2.
tt
2.
ft
2.
u
2.
u
3.
u
4.
tt
6.
tt
7.
u
8.
u
12.
a
14.
tt
14.
a
14.
a
14.
tt
14.
tt
15.
u
16.
tt
17.
u
18.
u
18.
tt
18.
tt
18.
tt
19.
tt
19.
tt
19.
tt
19.
a
19.
tt
19.
tt
19.
tt
19.
tt
20.
tt
20.
a
20.
tt
20.
a
21.
u
22.
Hemmer.
Bugge.
Hemmer.
Preus.
Nicander.
Munich. Huebpauer. Sagan. Preus.
Edsberg. Wilse. Ralisbon. Heinrich.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loornis.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Kendal. Dalton. Mannheim.
Edsberg. Wilse. Copenhagen
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Stockholm. Nicander.
Gothaab. Ginge. Eochelle. Seignette.
Munich. Huebpauer. Sagan. Preus.
Cambridge. Williams.
Jena. Zeissing. Gottingen. Gatterer.
Copenhagen. Bugge. Erfurt. Planer.
Edsberg. Wilse. Mannheim.
Eatisbon. Heinricb. Sagan.
Gothaab. Ginge.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Sagan. Preus.
Gothaab. Ginge. Stockholm.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Sagan. Preus.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Stockholm. Nicander.
St. Petersburg. Euler,
Stockholm. Nicander.
Sagan. Preus. #
Mannheim. Hemmer. Stockholm. Nicander,
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Stockholm. Nicander. Padua. Toaldo.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Edsberg. Wilse. Stockholm. Nicander.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Eochelle. Seignette. Montmorenci. Cotte.
Erfurt. Planer. Kendal. Dalton.
Padua. Toaldo. Sagan. Preus.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Gottingen. Gatterer.
Kendal. Dalton. Mannheim. Hemmer.
Stockholm. Nicander.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Copenhagen. Bugge. Eochelle. Seignette.
Copenhagen. Bugge.
Eochelle. Seignette.
Apr. 23. Mannheim. Hemmer.
" 26. Kendal. Dalton. Jena. Zeissing.
May 1 4. Gottingen. Gatterer.
" 10. Eochelle. Seignette.
" 11. Eatisbon? Heinrich.
" 12. Kendal. Dalton. Bologna. Matteucci.
" 13. Prague. Strnad. Padua. Toaldo.
" 13. Montmorenci. Cotte. Berne. Studer.
" 13. Borne. Calandrelli. Bitda. Bruna.
" 13. Eatisbon. Heinrich. Sagan. Preus.
" 13. Gottengen. Gatterer. Munich. Huebpauer.
" 13. Stockholm. Nicander. Eochelle. Seignette.
" 13. Paris. Cassini. Jena. Zeissing.
" 13. Marseilles. Silvabella. Bologna. Matteucci.
" 14. Gottingen. Gatterer. Prague. Strnad.
" 14. Eochelle. Seignette.
" 14. Paris. Cassini. Padua. Toaldo.
" 15. Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
" 15. Cambridge. Williams.
" 15. Eochelle. Seignette.
" 16. Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
" 16. Cambridge. Williams.
" 16. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
" 16. Paris. Cassini. Kendal. Dalton.
" 17. Cambridge. Williams. Kendal. Dalton.
" 17. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
" 17. Eochelle. Seignette.
" 17. Stockholm. Nicander. Borne. Calandrelli.
" 18. Paris. Cassini. Kendal. Dalton.
" 19. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
" 19. Paris. Cassini. Erfurt. Planer.
" 21. Mannheim. Hemmer.
" 25. Montmorenci. Cotte.
" 29. Eochelle. Seignette.
June 2. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
" 5. Eochelle. Seignette.
" 6. Prague. Strnad.
" 7. Kendal. Dalton. Eochelle. Seignette.
" 8. Cambridge. Williams. Paris. Cassini.
" 8. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
" 9. Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
" 9. Cambridge. Williams.
" 9. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
" 9. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
" 10. Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
" 10. Cambridge. Williams.
" 10. Montmorenci. Cotte.
1 An anrora was seen in Spain one day in this month. Mem.
Acad. Cienc. Madrid. III. 77.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
85
June 14.
" 15.
" 16.
" 18.
" 19.
" 24.
July 1.
" 4.
" 4.
" 11.
" 13.
" 13.
" 13.
" 13.
" 13.
" 13.
" 13.
" 13.
" 13.
" 13.
" 13.
" 13.
" 14.
" 14.
" 14.
" 14.
" 14.
" 16.
" 18.
" 20.
« 22.
" 23.
" 30.
Aug. 1.
" 1.
1.
" 7.
" 7.
" 7.
" 7.
" 10.
" 10.
" 10.
" 10.
" 13.
" 19.
" 19.
" 19.
" 19.
" 21.
Cambridge.
Cambridge.
New Haven.
New Haven.
Cambridge.
Mannheim.
New Haven.
Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Williams.
Stiles. Loomis.
Stiles. Loomis.
Williams.
Hemmer. Rome. Calandrelli.
Stiles. Loomis.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Erfurt. Planer.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Bologna. Matteucci. Mannheim. Hemmer.
Padua. Toaldo. Rome. Calandrelli.
Huda. Bruna. Sagan. Preus.
Rochelle. Seignette. Erfurt. Planer.
Marseilles. Silvabella. Spain. Rico.
Berne. Studer. Paris. Cassini.
Berlin. Beguelin and Achard.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Bologna. Matteucci. Padua. Toaldo.
Bologna. Matteucci.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Sagan. Preus.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Berlin. Beguelin and Achard.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Ratisbon. Heinrich. Jena. Zeissing.
Paris. Cassini. Kendal. Dalton.
Gottingen. Gatterer. Berlin. Achard.
Erfurt. Planer. Mount St. Gothard, Milan.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Stockholm. Nicander. Paris. Cassini.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Kendal. Dalton. Mannheim. Hemmer.
Cambridge. Williams.
Aug. 21.
" 25.
" 30.
Sept. 6.
" 6.
6.
" 6.
6.
" 6.
" 7.
" 7.
" 7.
" 8.
" 9.
" 10.
" 18.
" 18.
" 18.
19.
" 23.
" 26.
" 28.
" 29.
" 30.
" 30.
1.
2.
3.
4.
4.
4.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
Edsberg. Wilse. Paris. Cassini.
Oct.
Mannheim
Jlann/teim.
Cambridge.
Cambridge.
Salem. Holyoke.
New Haven. Stile
Hemmer.
Hemmer.
Wigglesworth. Lovering.
AVilliams.
Lovering.
Loomis. Saga?i. Preus.
Gatterer.
Bologna. Matteucci. Gottingen.
Edsberg. Wilse. Paris. Cassini.
Edsberg. Wilse. Paris. Cassini.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Jena. Zeissing.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Edsberg. Wilse. Stockholm. Nicander.
Sagan. Preus.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Kendal. Dalton.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Stockholm. Nicander.
Prague. Strnad.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Edsberg. Wilse. Moscow. Stritter.
Edsberg. Wilse. Mannheim. Hemmer.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Edsberg. Wilse. Sagan. Preus.
Edsberg. Wilse. •
Moscow. Stritter.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams. Sagan. Preus.
Kendal. Dalton. Jena. Zeissing.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering. Jena. Zeissing.
Gottingen. Gatterer. Sagan. Preus.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Ratisbon. Heinrich.
Bavaria. Kettel. Prague. Strnad.
Erfurt. Planer. Edsberg. Wilse.
Bologna. Matteucci. Rome. Calandrelli.
Munich. Iluebpauer. Wiirzburg. Egel.
Moscow. Stritter. Montmorenci. Cotte.
Geneva. Senebier. Deluc. 1
Wiirzburg. Egel. Marseilles. Silvabella.
St. Petersburg. Euler. Sagan. Preus.
Paris. Cassini. Erfurt. Planer.
Peissenberg. Schwaiger. Berne. Studer.
Tigurina. Aedes. Magold.
Bologna. Matteucci. Rome. Calandrelli.
Kendal. Dalton. Gottingen. Gatterer.
Padua. Toaldo. Munich. Huebpauer.
86
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Oct. 6.
« 6.
" 6.
" 7.
« 7.
" 7.
« 9.
« 10.
« 10.
" 10.
" 10.
" 10.
« 12.
" 13.
« 13.
" 13.
« 13.
" 13.
" 13.
" 13.
" 13.
" 13.
" 13.
" 14.
" 1G.
« 17.
" 17.
" 17.
" 17.
" 17.
« 19.
« 20.
21.
24.
24
31.
31.
31.
31.
31.
31.
« 31.
« 31.
« 31.
« 31.
" 31.
Nov. 2.
« 3.
«
«
«
«
«
«
«
Ritisbon. Heinrich. - Jena. Zeissing.
Mannheim. Heramer. Buda. Bruna.
Mount St. Andex, Bavaria. Kettel.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Kendal. Dalton. " Padua. Toaldo.
Ratisbon. Heinrich.^ Stockholm. Nicander,
Edsberg. Wilse.
Wiirzberg. Egel. Ratisbon. Heinrich.
Tigurina. Aedes, Bavaria. Magold.
Buda. Bruna. Berne. Studer.
Sagan. Preus. Munich. Huebpauer.
Peissenberg. Scbwaiger.
Cambridge. Williams. Stockholm. Nicander.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Berlin. Beguelin and Achard.
Sagan. Preus. Copenhagen. Bug»e.
Prague. Strnad. Paris. Cassini.
Sutz. Spriingli. Berne. Studer.
Geneva. Senebier. Deluc.
Gottingen. Gatterer. Erfurt. Planer.
Buda. Bruna. Rochelle. Seignette.
Stockholm. Nican ler. Padua. Toaldo.
Berlin. Beguelin and Acbard.
Rochelle. Seignette. Stockholm. Nicander.
Kendal. Dalton. Sagan. Preus.
Berlin. Beguelin and Acbard.
Geneva. Senebier. Deluc.
Prague. Strnad. Berne. Studer.
Rochelle. Seignette. Marseilles. Silvabella.
Kendal. Dalton.
Berlin. Beguelin and Acbard.
Paris. Cassini.
Jena. Zeissing. Ratisbon. Heinrich.
Buda. Bruna. Sagan. Preus.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis. Berne. Studer.
Mannheim. Ilemmer. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Ratisbon. Heinrich. Rochelle. Seignette.
Munich. Huebpauer. Sagan. Preus.
Bavaria. Kettel. Stockholm. Nicander.
Wiirzburg. Egel. Erfurt. Planer.
Prague. Strnad. Buda. Bruna.
Geneva. Deluc. Jena. Zeissing.
Tigurina Aedes, Bavaria. Magold.
Sagan. Preus.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
1 L'Institut. X. 341.
Nov. 3.
" 3.
« 3.
" 3.
" 4.
" 4.
" 4.
" 4.
" 4.
" 4.
" 7.
" 8.
" 8.
" 8.
" 8.
" 8.
" 8.
« 8.
" 9.
" 9.
" 9.
" 9.
" 9.
" 10.
" 12.
" 13.
" 20.
" 21.
" 24.
" 24.
" 26.
" 26.
" 26.
" 26.
« 26.
" 26.
« 28.
" 29.
" 29.
" 30.
Dec. 1.
" 1.
" 2.
" 3.
" 6.
" 7.
" 8.
« 9.
« 9.
" 9.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Prague. Strnad. Sagan. Preus.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Kendal. Dalton. Gottingen. Gatterer.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Berlin. Beguelin and Achard.
Sagan. Preus. Stockholm. Nicander.
Paris. Cassini. Erfurt. Planer.
Ratisbon. Heinrich. Stockholm. Nicander.
Kendal. Dalton. Brussels. Mann.
Munich. Huebpauer. Mannheim. Hemmer.
Geneva. Senebier. Sagan. Preus.
Rome. Calandrelli. Sutz. Spriingli.
Peissenberg. Scbwaiger. Berne. Studer.
Prague. Strnad. Buda. Bruna.
Brussels. Mann. Mannheim. Hemmer.
Bavaria. Kettel. Munich. Huebpauer.
Peissenberg. Scbwaiger. Sagan. Preus.
Tigurina Aedes, Bavaria. Magold.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Wiirzburg. Egel.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Wiirzburg. Egel.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
Berlin. Beguelin and Achard. Berne. Studer.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Sutz. Spriingli.
Paris. Cassini. Erfurt. Planer.
Rochelle. Seignette. Stockholm. Nicander.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Sagan. Preus.
Ratisbon. Heinrich
Rome. Calandrelli.
Kendal. Dalton.
Kendal. Dalton.
Berlin. Beguelin and Achard.
Kendal. Dalton. Stockholm. Nicander,
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Rochelle. Seignette.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Cambridge. Williams.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
87
Dec. 9. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
" 9. Paris. Cassini. Stockholm. Nicander.
" 10. Mannheim. Hemmer. Sayan. Preus.
" 13. Stockholm. Nicander.
" 15. Sagan. Preus.
" 16. Berne. Studer.
" 18. Stockholm. Nicander.
1788.
Sagan. Preus.
Mannnheim. Hemmer.
Sagan ? Preus.
Sagan ? Preus.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Kendal. Dalton.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering. Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander. Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Kendal. Dalton. Nicander.
Sagan ? Preus. Stockholm. Nicander.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering. Kendal. Dalton.
Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Sagan. Preus.
Berlin. Beguelin and Achard.
Kendal. Dalton. Sagan "? Preus.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Keswick. Dalton. St. Petersburg. Euler. 1
Keswick. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander. Kendal. Dalton.
Sagan. Preus.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Middleburg. Van de Perre.
Stockholm. Nicander. Ratisbon. Heinrich.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Brussels. Mann.
TigurinaAedes. Magold. Spain. Rico. 2
Sagan. Preus. Bochelle. Seignette.
Munich. Huebpauer. Padua. Toaldo.
Erfurt. Planer. Copenhagen. Bugge.
Jena. Zeissing. Geneva. Deluc.
Buda. Bruna. Berlin. Beguelin and Achard.
Montmore/ici. Cotte.
Sagan. Preus. Keszcick. Dalton.
Pome. Calandrelli. Spain. Rico.
Buda. Bruna. Erfurt. Planer.
1 Nova Acta Sci. Acad. Petrop. VI. 338.
- Mem. Acad. Cienc. Madrid. III. 77.
Jan.
3.
u
4.
u
5.
a
8.
it
9.
tt
10.
a
11.
a
12.
u
13.
u
14.
u
14.
a
14.
a
15.
a
17.
Feb
2.
u
4.
((
4.
u
5.
u
5.
tt
5.
u
6.
u
7.
u
8.
a
9.
ft
11.
tt
11.
tt
11.
C4
11.
u
11.
u
11.
it
11.
it
11.
u
11.
tt
11.
a
11.
tt
12.
it
15.
a
15.
Feb. 15.
" 22.
Mar. 3.
4.
" 5.
6.
7.
" 7.
" 8.
" 14.
" 22.
" 26.
« 27.
" 27.
" 28.
" 28.
" 28.
" 30*.
Apr. 1.
" 1.
" 1.
" 1.
« 2.
" 3.
" 4.
" 6.
" 6.
" 7.
" 8.
« 9.
" 10.
" 14.
" 21.
" 24.
" 26.
" 27.
" 27.
" 28.
" 29.
" 29.
" 29.
" 29.
" 30.
May 1.
" 2.
" 2.
" 3.
" 4.
5.
Jena. Zeissing. Stockholm. Nicander.
3/annheim. Hemmer.
Spain. Rico.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Sagan. Preus. Kendal. Dalton.
Borne. Calandrelli.
Sagan ? Preus. Kendal. Dalton.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Stockholm. Nicander.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Stockholm. Nicander. Brussels. Mann.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Paris. Cassini. 2
Kendal. Dalton. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Cambridge. AVigglesworth. Lovering.
Sagan ? Preus.
Paris. Cassini.
Kendal. Dalton
Geneva.
Sagan ?
Brussels
Sagan.
Deluc.
Preus.
Mann.
Preu
Stockholm. Nicander.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Sagan. Preus.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Copenhagen. Bugge. Jena. Zeissing.
Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Batisbon ? Heinrich.
Kendal. Dalton.
Mannheim ? Hemmer.
Sagan. Preus.
Sagan. Preus.
Sagan. Preus. Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander. Montmorenci. Cotte.
Kendal. Dalton. Brussels. Mann.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Kendal. Dalton. Paris. Cassini.
Stockholm. Nicander. Batisbon. Heinrich.
Paris. Cassini. Kendal. Dalton.
Kendal. Dalton.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Stockholm. Nicander. Paris. Cassini.
Brussels. Mann.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis. Kendal. Dalton.
Jena. Zeissing.
» Mem. del' Acad. 1788. p. 72.
88
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
May 6.
7.
" 10.
" 11.
« 24
" 24.
" 24.
" 24.
" 25.
" 25.
" 25.
" 25.
" 25.
" 25.
" 26.
" 27.
" 28.
" 29.
« 30.
" 31.
" 31.
June 2 3.
" 4.
" 5.
" 9.
« 25.
" 27.
" 28.
July 1.
" 2.
" 2.
" 3.
" 5.
" 14.
" 15.
" 25.
" 25.
" 30.
" 30.
" 30.
" 30.
" 30.
" 31.
" 31.
" 31.
Aug. 1.
« 1.
Moscow.
Brussels.
Brussels.
Kendal.
Kendal.
Padua.
Rtritter.
Mann.
Mann.
Dalton.
Dalton.
Toaldo.
Kendal. Dalton.
Geneva. Deluc.
Paris. Cassini.
Dublin. Usher.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Paris. Cassini.
Kendal. Dalton. Brussels. Mann.
Dublin, Ireland. Usher. 1
Ratisbon. Heinrich. Brussels. Mann.
Kendal. Dalton.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Cambridge. "Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering. Kendal. Dalton.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering. Jena. Zeissing.
Kendal. Dalton.
Padua. Toaldo and Chiminello.
Brussels. Mann.
Brussels.
Brussels.
Brussels.
Brussels.
Brussels.
Salem.
Mann.
Mann.
Mann.
Mann.
Mann.
Holyoke.
Jena. Zeissing.
Lovering.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Paris. Cassini.
Jena. Zeissing.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Ml. St. Gothard. P. L. of Milan.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Kendal. Dalton. Berne. Studer.
Ratisbon. Heinrich. Paris. Cassini.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Sagan ? Preus. Jena. Zeissing.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
1 Mem. Irish Acad. II. 189.
2 An aurora was seen in Spain one day of this month.
Acad. Cienc. Madrid. III. 77.
Mem.
Aug. 1. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
" 1. Kendal. Dalton. Rochelle. Seignette.
" 2. Neio Haven. Stiles. Loomis. Kendal. Dalton.
" 3. Kendal. Dalton.
" 11. Mannheim. Hemmer.
" 16. Stockholm. Nicander.
" 19. Kendal. Dalton. Jena. Zeissing.
" 19. Sagan. Preus. Stockholm. Nicander.
" 20. Rome. Calandrelli.
" 22. Spain. Rico.
" 23. Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
" 23. Sale7>i. Holyoke. Lovering.
" 23. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
" 23. Mannheim. Hemmer. Rome. Calandrelli.
" 23. Paris. Cassini. Kendal. Dalton.
" 23. Montmorenci. Cotte.
" 24. Mannheim. Hemmer.
" 26. Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
" 26. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
" 26. Neic Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
" 27. Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
" 27. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering. Jena. Zeissing.
" 27. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
" 28. Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
" 28. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
" 28. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
" 28. Moscow. Stritter. Jena. Zeissing.
" 28. Sagan ? Preus. Stockholm. Nicander.
" 29. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
" 29. Wiirzburg. Egel. Spain. Rico.
" 29. Sagan ? Preus. Mannheim. Hemmer.
" 29. Kendal. Dalton. Jena. Zeissing.
" 31. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis. Sagan? Preus.
Sept. 1. Sagan. Preus. Stockholm. Nicander.
" 1. Brussels. Mann.
" 2. Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
" 2. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
" 2. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
" 2. Kendal. Dalton. Geneva. Deluc.
" 3. Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
' 3. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
' 3. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
' 3. Erfurt. Planer. Stockholm. Nicander
1 3. Jena. Zeissing. St. Petersburg. Euler.
' 4. Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
' 4. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
' 4. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
' 4. Paris. Cassini.
' 4. Jena. Zeissing. St. Petersburg. Euler.
' 4. Mannheim. Hemmer. Sagan. Preus.
OX THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
89
Sept.
Oct.
4.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
5.
6.
6.
6.
7.
8.
10.
10.
10.
12.
18.
20.
24.
24.
24.
24.
24.
25.
25.
25.
2G.
26.
26.
26.
27.
28.
29.
1.
2.
3.
4.
4.
5.
5.
6.
9.
11.
12.
12.
18.
21.
21.
Ratisbon. Heinrich. Brussels. Mann.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis. Berne. Studer.
Mannheim. Ilemmer. Padua. Toaldo.
Munich. Huebpauer. Sagan. Preus.
Erfurt. Planer. Wiirzburg. Egel.
Ratisbon. Heinrich. Sit. Petersburg. Euler.
Tigurina Aedes. Magold. Jena. Zeissiug.
Rome. Calandrelli. Sutz. Spriingli.
Erfurt. Planer. Wiirzburg. Egel.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Kendal. Dalton. Sagan. Preus.
Wiirzburg. Egel.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Cambridge. Wiggles worth. Lovering.
Kendal. Dalton. Jena. Zeissing.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Mannheim. 9 Hemmer.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Munich. Huebpauer.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Spain. Rico. Jena. Zeissiug.
Tigurina Aedes. Magold.
Stockholm. Nicander. Sagan. Preus.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Erfurt. Planer.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Stockholm. Nicander. Moscow. Stritter.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Sagan. Preus. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Sagan ? Preus. Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Nicander.
Nicander.
Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Nicander.
Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Holyoke. Lovering.
Holyoke. Lovering.
Stockholm.
Stockholm.
Cambridge.
Stockholm.
Cambridge.
Salem.
Salem.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Paris. Cassini. Kendal. Dalton.
Sagan ? Preus.
Kendal. Dalton. Spain. Rico.
Marseilles. St. Jacques. Geneva. Senebier.
VOL. X. 12
Oct. 21.
" 22.
" 22.
" 22.
" 22.
" 22.
" 22.
" 22.
" 22.
" 22.
" 24.
" 25.
" 26.
" 27.
" 27.
" 28.
" 29.
" 30.
" 30.
" 30.
" 31.
" 31.
Nov. 1.
" 2.
3.
" 4.
" 7.
" 18.
" 19.
" 21.
" 22.
" 23.
" 26.
" 27.
" 28.
" 30.
Dec. 8.
" 15.
" 16.
" 20.
" 21.
" 22.
" 23.
" 23.
" 23.
" 24.
" 25.
" 26.
" 30.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering. Spain. Rico.
St. Petersburg. Euler. 1 Jena. Zeissing.
Moscow. Stritter. Rochelle. Seignette.
Geneva. Senebier. Deluc.
Marseilles. St. Jacques. Bezicrs. P>ertholon.
Padua. Toaldo. Rome. Calandrelli.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Buda. Bruna.
Sagan. Preus. Erfurt. Planer.
Stockholm. Nicander. Kendal. Dalton.
Sagan. Preus. Stockholm. Nicander.
Geneva. Senebier.
Sagan. Preus. Keswick. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Sagayi ? Preus. Stockholm. Nicander.
Sagan. Preus.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Sagan. Preus. Kendal. Dalton.
Paris. Cassini. Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander. Boon. Cotte.
Geneva. Senebier. Kendal. Dalton.
Erfurt. Planer. Sagan. Preus.
Sagan ? Preus.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Sagan. Preus.
Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Mannheim, Hemmer.
Sagan ? Preus.
Kendal. Dalton.
Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Peissenberg. Schwaiger.
Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Sagan. Preus. Brussels.
Paris. Cassini. Ratisbon.
Berne. Studer.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Sagan. Preus.
Kendal. Dalton.
Mann.
Heinrich.
Kendal. Dalton.
: l Aurora Australia.
90
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
1789.
«
u
Jan. 11.
" 13.
" 19.
" 21.
" 24.
" 29.
" 30.
Feb. 2.
" 6.
" 15.
" 15.
" 15.
" 16.
" 17.
" 23.
" 23.
26.
26.
" 26.
" 28.
Mar. 2.
" 3.
« 4.
« 14.
" 14.
» 14.
" 14.
» 16.
•■ 17.
" 20.
" 22.
" 26.
" 26.
" 27.
" 27.
" 27.
" 27.
" 27.
" 27.
" 27.
« 27.
« 27.
" 27.
" 28.
" 28.
" 28.
Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Sagan. Preus.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Sagan ? Preus.
Sagan. Preus. Stockholm. Nicander.
Sagan. Preus.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Stockholm. Nicander.
<Sif. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis. Berne. Studer.
Stockholm. Nicander. Keswick. Dalton.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Sagan. Preus. Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Cambridge. "Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Kendal. Dalton.
Nicander. Kendal. Dalton.
Nicander.
Nicander. Moscow.
Nicander. Moscow.
Stritter.
Stritter.
Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Stockholm.
Stockholm.
Stockholm.
Stockholm.
Cambridge.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Kendal. Dalton. Spain. Rico.
Brussels. Mann. Paris. Cassini. 1
Stockholm. Nicander. Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Sagan ? Preus.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Geneva. Senebier. Deluc. Berne. Studer.
Brussels. Mann. Paris. Cassini.
Stockholm. Nicander. Ratisbon. Heinrich.
Marseilles. St. Jacques. Buda. Bruna.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Rome. Calandrelli.
Jena. Zeissing. St. Petersburg. Euler. 3
Muntmoreuci. Cotte. Sutz. Spriingli.
Ratisbon. Heinrich. Brussels. Mann.
Sagan. Preus. Rochelle. Seignette.
Sutz. Spriingli. Berne. Studer.
1 Mem. de l'Acad. 1789.
2 Nova. Acta. Sci. Acad. Petrop. VII. 407
Mar. 28.
" 29.
" 29.
« 29.
" 29.
" 30.
" 30.
" 31.
Apr. 1.
" 2.
" 9.
" 11.
" 12.
" 13.
" 15.
" 17.
" 17.
" 18.
" 20.
" 26.
" 26.
" 26.
" 26.
« 27.
" 27.
" 29.
" 30.
May 15.
" 16.
" 17.
" 20.
" 21.
" 21.
" 21.
" 22.
" 22.
" 22.
" 23.
" 23.
" 23.
" 23.
" 24.
" 24.
" 24.
" 28.
" 28.
" 28.
" 28.
« 29.
" 31.
Mannheim. Hemmer. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Kendal. Dalton.
Brussels. Mann. Berlin. Achard.
Sagan. Preus. Marseilles. St. Jacques.
Berlin. Achard. Sagan. Preus.
Brussels. Mann. Kendal. Dalton.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis. Sagan ? Preus.
Stockholm. Nicander.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Moscow. Stritter.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Brussels. Mann.
Stockholm.
Stockholm.
Stockholm.
Cambridge.
Stockholm.
Stockholm.
Nicander.
Nicander.
Nicander.
Wigglesworth.
Kendal.
Kendal.
Dalton.
Dalton.
Nicander.
Nicander-
Lovering.
Brussels. Mann.
Sagan ? Preus. Stockholm. Nicander.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Stockholm. Nicander. Laon. Cotte.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering. Sagan ? Preus.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Sagan? Preus.
Kendal. Dalton.
Brussels. Mann.
Brussels. Mann.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Ratisbon. Heinrich. Paris. Cassini.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Rome. Calandrelli.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Brussels. Mann.
Brussels. Mann.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis. Sagan. Preus.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
91
June 2.
u
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Aug. 13.
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Paris. Cassini.
New Haven. Stiles. Loorais.
Kendal. Dalton. Paris. Cassini.
Ratisbon. Heinrich.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Ratisbon. Heinrich.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Ratisbon. Heinrich.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Brussels. Mann. .
Neiv Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Brussels. Mann.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Brussels. Mann.
Bncssels. Mann.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Brussels. Mann.
Brussels. Mann.
Paris. Cassini.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Neiv Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis. Laon. Cotte.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Brussels. Mann.
Keswick. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Sagan. Preus. Kendal. Dalton.
Paris. Cassini. Kendal. Dalton.
Kendal. Dalton.
Kendal. Dalton. Stockholm. Nicander.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Kendal. Dalton.
Kendal. Dalton. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Peissenberg. Schwaiger. Sagan. Preus.
Berne. Studer.
Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Aug. 24.
" 24.
" 24.
" 24.
" 25.
" 25.
" 25.
" 26.
" 28.
" 29.
Sept. 9.
" 10.
" 12.
" 13.
" 14.
" 15.
" 16.
" 17.
" 20.
" 20.
" 21.
" 21.
" 22.
" 23.
" 24.
" 25.
" 26.
« 26.
" 26.
" 26.
« 26.
" 27. 2
" x.
Oct. II. 3
" 12.
" 13.
" 16.
« 18.
" 19.
" 19.
" 19.
« 19.
" 19.
" 20.
« 20.
" 20.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Stockholm. Nicander. Paris. Cassini.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Sagan ? Preus. Ratisbon. Heinrich.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Paris. Cassini. Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander. Kendal. Dalton.
Kendal. Dalton.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Brussels. Mann.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Kendal. Dalton. Sagan. Preus.
Salem. Holyoke.
Brussels. Mann.
Salem. Holyoke.
Kendal. Dalton.
Sagan. Preus.
Sutz. Spriingli.
Kendal. Dalton.
Lovering.
Lovering.
Berne. Studer.
Falaise. Hervieu. 1
Rochelle. Seignette. Laon. Cotte.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Peissenberg. Schwaiger. Berne. Studer.
Brussels. Mann. Paris. Cassini.
Stockholm. Nicander. Sagan ? Preus.
Falaise. Hervieu. Boue\
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Kendal. Dalton. *S!f. Petersburg. Euler.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Loverin".
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Kendal. Dalton. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Marseilles. St. Jacques. Moscow. Stritter.
Kendal. Dalton. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Jena. Zeissing. Moscoio. Stritter.
Brussels. Mann. Paris. Cassini.
1 Encyc. Method. I. 368.
2 Joura. de Phys. XXXVI. 440.
3 An aurora was seen in Spain on one day of this month.
92
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Moscow. Stritter.
Kendal. Dalton.
Peissenberg. Schwaiger. Sagan. Preus.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Jlnissels. Mann.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Kendal. Dalton.
Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Kendal. Dalton.
Peissenberg. Schwaiger.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Hingham, Mass. Ware.
Stockholm. Nicander. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Kendal. Dalton. Cuba. Poey.
Beziers. Betholon. 1 Sagan. Preus.
Pome. Calandrelli. Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Brussels. Mann.
Sagan. Preus. Kendal. Dalton.
Sagan. Preus.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Stockholm. Nicander. Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Sagan. Preus. Kendal. Dalton.
Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Sagan. Preus.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Sagan ? Preus. Kendal. Dalton,
Sagan ? Preus.
Sagan ? Preus.
( 'ambridge. Wigglesworth.
Sagan ? Preus.
Peissenberg. Schwaiger. •
Stockholm. Nicander.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Sagan 1 ? Preus.
Eneyc. Method. I. 368.
Oct.
20.
it
21.
a
21.
it
23.
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23.
a
23.
a
23.
it
24.
a
25.
a
27.
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31.
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4.
a
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10.
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14.
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14.
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14.
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18.
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19.
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20.
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21.
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21.
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22.
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22.
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24.
a
25.
it
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a
27.
a
30.
a
X.
Dec
.10.
u
13.
a
14.
a
14.
u
15.
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16.
a
18.
u
19.
ii
20.
a
21.
il
22.
Kendal.
Kendal.
Kendal.
Dalton.
Dalton.
Dalton.
Lovering.
Dec. 23.
" 24.
" 26.
" 27.
Jan. 2.
" 9.
" 10.
" 14.
" 15.
« 18.
" 19.
" 26.
" 28.
" 29.
" 29.
Feb. 1.
9.
" 10.
" 11.
" 11.
" 12.
" 12.
" 13.
" 14.
" 15.
" 18.
" 27.
Mar. 3.
" 7.
" 8.
" 8.
" 10.
" 11.
" 14.
" 15.
" 16.
" 16.
" 17.
" 17.
" 18.
" 18.
" 19.
" 20.
" 23.
" 24.
Stockholm. Nicander.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis. Paris. Cassini.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
1790.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Sagan. Preus.
Sagan. Preus.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm.
Mannheim.
Stockholm.
Stockholm.
Kendal. Dalton.
Nicander.
Hemmer. Sagan. Preus.
Nicander.
Nicander.
Laon. Cotte.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Sagan. Preus.
Jena. Zeissing. Prague. Strnad.
Sagan. Preus.
Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander. Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Sagan. Preus. Stockholm. Nicander.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Sagan. Preus. Stockholm. Nicander.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Stockholm. Nicander.
Sagan. Preus.
Stockholm. Nicander. Brussels. Mann.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Peissenberg. Schwaiger.
Stockholm. Nicander. Brussels. Mann.
Stockholm. Nicander. Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander. Sagan. Preus.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Kendal. Dalton. Sagan. Preus.
Stockholm. Nicander. Ratisbon. Heinrich.
Sagan. Preus. Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander. Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander. Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
93
Apr
2.
Mannheim. Ilemmer. Stockholm.
Nicander.
Sep
t. 6.
Netv Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
u
3.
Mannheim. Ilemmer. Kendal.
Dalton.
a
6.
Stockholm. Nicander.
«
4.
Mannheim. Ilemmer. Kendal.
Dalton.
tt
7.
Brussels. Mann. Kendal. Dalton.
u
4.
Stockholm. Nicander.
a
9.
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u
5.
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a
13.
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a
G.
Mannheim. Ilemmer. Kendal.
Dalton.
it
16.
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u
7.
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U
19.
St. Petersburg. Euler. 1
H
8.
Mannheim. Ilemmer.
(t
24.
Sagan. Preus.
U
9.
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u
30.
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a
9.
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it
30.
Brussels. Mann. St. Petersburg. Euler.
U
10.
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a
30.
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tt
11.
Mannheim. Ilemmer.
Oct.
1.
Mannheim. Ilemmer. Stockholm. Nicander
a
16.
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Dalton.
u
3.
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it
17.
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Dalton.
u
4.
Sagan. Preus. St. Petersburg. Euler.
a
25.
Stockholm. Nicander.
u
7.
Pyschmiusk, Siberia. Hermann. 2
u
27.
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it
9.
Mannheim. Ilemmer. Kendal. Dalton.
IC
30.
Stockholm. Nicander. Brussels.
Mann.
ff
12.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Maj
• 1.
Stockholm. Nicander.
it
14.
Mannheim. Ilemmer.
a
1.
St. Petersburg. Euler. 1
a
17.
Stockholm. Nicander.
a
2.
Stockholm. Nicander.
u
18.
Kesivick. Dalton.
a
3.
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ti
30.
Stockholm. Nicander.
a
6.
Stockholm. Nicander.
a
31.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering. Kendal. Dalton
«
10.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Nov
. 1.
Stockholm. Nicander.
a
11.
Stockholm. Nicander.
u
4.
Sagan. Preus.
u
12.
Kendal. Dalton.
ii
5.
Sagan. Preus.
u
14.
Kendal. Dalton.
a
6.
Sagan. Preus.
EC
1G.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
it
7.
Kendal. Dalton.
it
1G.
Sagan. Preus. Peissenherg. Schwaiger.
a
8.
Sagan. Preus. Kendal. Dalton.
a
1G.
Kendal. Dalton. Prague. Strnad.
u
9.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
u
17.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
it
9.
Stockholm. Nicander. Kendal. Dalton.
(c
18.
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u
10.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
«
24.
Brussels. Mann.
a
10.
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a
30.
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a
11.
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Jun<
) 3.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering. Brussels. Mann.
a
12.
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u
5.
Brussels. Mann.
a
16.
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((
8.
Brussels. Mann.
a
17.
Pyschminsk, Siberia. Hermann.
«
22.
Peissenherg. Schwaiger.
a
26.
Sagan. Preus.
u
25.
Mannheim. Ilemmer.
a
27.
Kendal. Dalton.
((
30.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
it
28.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Jul)
- 1.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
a
28.
Pyschminsk. Hermann. Kendal. Dalton
u
3.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
it
29.
Stockholm. Nicander.
ft
3.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
a
30.
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ff
13.
Jena. Zeissing.
Dec
. 9.
Stockholm. Nicander.
u
16.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
u
10.
Stockholm. Nicander.
«
16.
Prague. Strnad. Sutz. Spriin
jli.
a
12.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Aug
. 3.
Mannheim. Ilemmer.
a
25.
Kendal. Dalton.
«
16.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
a
26.
Stockholm. Nicander.
a
19.
Berne. Studer.
a
1 '
26.
ipherr
Pyschminsk. Hermann.
I. Soc. Met. Palat. 1790.
1 Nova Acta. Sci. Acad. Pctrop. VIII.
2
Ephcm. Soc. Met. Palat. 1790.
94
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Dec. 28. Kendal. Dalton.
" 30. Sagan. Preus.
1791.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Kendal. Dalton.
Pyschminsk, Siberia. Hermann.
Brussels. Mann.
Sagan. Preus. Stockholm. Nicander.
Sagan. Preus. Stockholm. Nicander.
Sagan. Preus.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Pyschminsk, Siberia. Hermann.
Pyschminsk, Siberia. Hermann.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Sagan. Preus.
Sagan. Preus.
Eatisbon. Heinrich.
Sagan. Preus.
Kendal. Dalton.
Sagan. Preus.
Sagan. Preus.
Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander. Kendal. Dalton.
Kendal. Dalton.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Kendal. Dalton.
Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander. Uhleaborg. Julin. 1
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Sagan. Preus.
Kendal. Dalton.
Kendal. Dalton.
Kendal. Dalton.
Padua. Toaldo and Chiminello.
Kendal. Dalton.
Kendal. Dalton.
Brussels. Mann.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Brussels. Mann.
1 Svenska Vetensk. Acad. XIV. 76. Voigt's Mag. fur. Phys.
XI. 3. p. 109.
Jan.
1.
«
6.
it
6.
a
6.
u
6.
ti
6.
a
7.
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9.
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28.
cc
29.
Feb. 21.
cc
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CC
27.
Mar
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3.
a
5.
a
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20.
cc
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26.
cc
26.
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cc
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. 1.
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3.
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cc
5.
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13.
a
18.
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20.
a
23.
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25.
May 5.
u
12.
cc
20.
it
23.
a
26.
Kendal. Dalton.
Sagan. Preus.
Brussels. Mann.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Brussels. Mann.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Stockholm. Nicander. Kendal. Dalton.
Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander. Kendal. Dalton.
Kendal. Dalton.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Pyschminsk, Siberia. Hermann.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Brussels. Mann. Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Munich. Imhof.
Sagan. Preus.
Kendal. Dalton.
Kendal. Dalton.
Kendal. Dalton.
Brussels. Mann.
Brussels. Mann. Kendal. Dalton.
Sagan. Preus. Kendal. Dalton.
Prague. Strnad.
Stockholm. Nicander. Kendal. Dalton.
Kendal. Dalton.
Kendal. Dalton.
Kendal. Dalton.
Kendal. Dalton.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Kendal. Dalton.
Kendal. Dalton.
Sagan. Preus.
Kendal. Dalton.
Brussels. Mann. Kendal. Dalton.
Sagan. Preus. Stockholm. Nicander.
Montreal. 1
i Mem. Amer. Acad. II. 114.
June 10.
a
19.
a
26.
July
7.
u
20.
u
22.
a
22.
a
23.
u
24.
a
28.
Aug
.15.
«
18.
«
20.
Sept. 5.
Cf
8.
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11.
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13.
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15.
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17.
a
19.
a
22.
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24.
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27.
a
28.
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28.
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Oct.
1.
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19.
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20.
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17.
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18.
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19.
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19.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
95
Dec. 13. Keytdal. Dalton.
" 17. Stockholm. Nicander.
« 19. Kendal. Dalton.
" 23. Bmssels. Mann.
" 26. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
" 26. Brussels. Mann. Kendal. Dalton.
" 27. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
" 27. New Haven. Stiles. Loomis. Sagan. Preus.
" 28. Brussels. Mann.
" 29. Brussels. Mann.
1792.
Kendal. Dalton.
Sagan. Preus.
Kendal. Dalton.
Sagan. Preus. Kendal. Dalton.
Montreal}
Sagan. Preus.
Brussels. Mann.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander. Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Stockholm. Nicander.'
Stockholm. Nicander.
Kendal. Dalton.
Mount St. Andex, Bavaria. Hochholzer.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Kendal. Dalton.
Saga7i. Preus.
Sagan. Preus.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Saga7i. Preus.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Kendal. Dalton. Isserstadt. Zeissing.
Sagan. Preus. Stockholm. Nicander.
Montmorenci. Cotte. 3
Sagan. Preus. Stockholm. Nicander.
Kendal. Dalton.
Sagan. Preus.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Sagan. Preus.
Mannheim. Hemmer. Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
1 Mem. Amer. Acad. II. 115.
2 Journ. de Phys. XL. 450.
Jan.
9.
u
16.
a
17-
u
18.
u
24.
u
25.
tt
30.
Feb
5.
it
9.
a
14.
a
16.
EC
17.
U
24
a
26.
a
28.
Mar. 2.
U
5.
a
12.
tt
15.
u
16.
a
19.
a
20.
tt
25.
u
27.
tt
30.
t
31.
Apr. 10.
a
10.
it
10.
U
11.
K
11.
U
12.
tt
13.
tt
14.
tt
16.
a
17.
May 4.
6.
" 7.
" 8.
" 9.
" 14.
« 15.
" 20.
" 22.
" 27.
June 2.
« 30.
July 7.
" 11.
" 18.
" 19.
Aug. 2.
" 4.
" 17.
" 23.
" 27.
Sept. 1.
" 6.
" 14.
« 22.
" 28.
Oct. 2.
" 12.
" 13.
" 13.
« 13.
" 13.
" 13.
" 14.
" 14.
" 15.
" 16.
" 17.
" 18.
" 19.
" 23.
« 31.
Nov. 7.
" 13.
" 14.
" 17.
« 29.
Dec. 2.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Brussels. Mann.
Sagan. Preus.
Sagan. Preus.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Brussels. Mann.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Brussels. Mann.
Sagan. Preus.
Kendal. Dalton.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Brussels. Mann.
Mount St. Andex, Bavaria. Hochholzer.
Kendal. Dalton.
Mount St. Andex, Bavaria. Hochholzer.
Kendal. Dalton.
St. Petersburg. Euler. 1
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Kendal. Dalton.
Mannheim. Hemmer.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Kendal. Dalton.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis. Kendal. Dalton.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis. Sagan. Preus.
Isserstadt. Zeissing. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Marseilles. St. Jacques. Brussels. Mann.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Preus. Kendal. Dalton.
Sagan.
Sagan.
Sagan.
Sagan.
Sagan.
Preus.
Preus.
Preus.
Preus.
Stockholm. Nicander,
Kendal. Dalton.
Kendal. Dalton.
Stockholm. Nicander.
Sagan. Preus.
Sagan. Preus.
Stockholm. Nicander
Kendal. Dalton.
Moscow. Stritter. 3
Kendal. Dalton.
i Nova Acta. Sci. Acad. Pctrop. X. 505.
2 Nova Acta. Sci. Acad. Petrop. X. 505.
96
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Dec. 7. Keswick. Dalton.
" 12. Padua. Toaldo and Chiminello.
" 13. Moscow. Stritter.
" 15. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
" 30. Sagan. Freus.
1793.
Jan. 11.
" 12.
" 13.
" 14.
" 14.
Feb. 8.
» 12.
" 15.
Mar. 5.
« 6.
" 13.
" 13.
" 30.
Apr. 5.
9.
" 14.
June 9.
Aug. 6.
" 26.
" 28.
" 28.
Sept. 2.
" 2.
" 4.
Oct 20.
Nov. 8.
Jan. 7.
" 22.
Mar. 8.
" 29.
Apr. 2.
■ 3.
" 30.
" 30.
Nov. 11.
Dec. 8.
Kendal. Dalton.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering. Kendal. Dalton.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering. Kendal. Dalton.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Pyschminsk, Mt. Oural, Siberia
Kendal. Dalton.
Hermann. 1
Kendal.
Kendal.
Kendal.
Kendal.
Dalton.
Dalton.
Dalton.
Dalton.
Thompson.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering. Kendal. Dalton,
Kendal. Dalton.
Kendal. Dalton.
Kendal. Dalton.
Kendal. Dalton.
Montmorenci. Cotte. 2
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Montmorenci. Cotte.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
St. Petersburg. Euler. 8
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
Cambridge. Wigglesworth. Lovering.
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Isserstadt. Zeissing.
1794.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.*
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
St. Petersburg. Euler. 6
St. Petersburg. Euler.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Montmorenci. Cotte. 6
New Haven. Stiles. Loomis.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
1 Nova Acta Sci. Acad. Petrop. XI. 562.
2 Journ. de Phys. XLIII. 46, &c.
8 Nova Acta Sci. Acad. Petrop. XI. 562.
* Met. Observ. and Essays, p. 218.
6 Nova Acta Sci. Acad. Petrop. XII. 524.
6 Journ. de Phys. XLIV. 297.
Dec. 19. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
1795.
Mar. 11. St. Petersburg. Euler. 1
May 24. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Sept. 8. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
" 14. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Oct. 3. St. Petersburg. Euler.
" 14. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
" 18. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
1796. 2
Feb. 6. St. Petersburg. Euler.
Apr. 6. Isserstadt. Zeissing.
1797.
Jan. 22.
G. Britain or Ireland.
Dalton.
Feb. 1.
G. Britain or Ireland.
Dalton.
" 10.
St. Petersburg. Euler
8
" 18.
G. Britain or Ireland.
Dalton.
" 27.
G. Britain or Ireland.
Dalton.
" 28.
G. Britain or Ireland.
Dalton.
Mar. 1.
G. Britain or Ireland.
Dalton.
" 2.
G. Britain or Ireland.
Dalton.
" 10.
G. Britain or Ireland.
Dalton.
Apr. 24.
G. Britain or Ireland.
Dalton.
Nov. 18.
G. Britain or Ireland.
Dalton.
" 21.
G. Britain or Ireland.
Dalton.
" 22.
G. Britain or Ireland.
Dalton.
" 23.
G. Britain or Ireland.
1798.
Dalton.
Jan. 15.
Mantmorenci. Cotte.
Feb. 10.
Abo, Finland. Hallstrom. 4
1799.
Jan. 22.
St. Petersburg. Eulei
_6
Feb. 10.
Scotland. Graham.
Boue. 6
" 25.
Eckwarden. Brandes
7
July 23.
Paris. Bouvard. 8
Sept. 3.
G. Britain or Ireland.
Dalton.
" • 3.
Paris. Bouvard.
1 Nova Acta Sci. Acad. Petrop. XIII. 582.
2 None in England or the United States of America this year.
8 Nova Acta Sci. Acad. Petrop. XIV. 795.
* Gilbert Annal. XVIII. 74.
6 Nova Acta Sci. Acad. Petrop. XV. 563.
8 Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. V. 25.
' Gilbert Annal. XXIV. 363.
8 Journ. de Phys.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
97
Oct. 25.
Nov. 2.
7.
Dec. 10.
Jan. 4.
" 25.
Feb. 22.
Oct. 6.
" 11.
" 12.
" 15.
Dec. 5.
Jan.
2
Feb.
3
Mar
6
t.
29
u
29
«
X
Apr.
10.
a
16.
a
29
June 16
July
1.
Sept
.19.
«
19
u
27
Dec.
13
Jan. 13.
Mai-. 19.
" 19.
« 19.
Apr. 12.
« 13.
Aug. 23.
Sept.ll.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
1800.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
1801.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Abo. Hallstrom. 1 Muncke 2 and Quetelet. 8
Abo. Hallstrom. Muncke and Quetelet.
Abo. Hallstrom. Boue.
Edinburgh. Brewster. 4 Muncke and Quetelet.
1802.
Sweden. Hallstrom. Muncke and Quetelet.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Sweden. Hallstrom. Muncke and Quetelet.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Sweden. Hallstrom. Muncke and Quetelet.
St. Petersburg. Euler. 6
Sweden. Hallstrom. Boue\
Sweden. Hallstrom. Muncke and Quetelet.
Sweden. Hallstrom. Muncke and Quetelet.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Dwight. Loomis.
Schaageragt. Lat. 57.° Long. 8.° Horner.
Muncke and Quetelet.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
1803.
New Haven. Dwight. Loomis.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Paris. Bouvard.
New Haven. Leffingwell. Loomis.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
1 Gilbert. Ann. XVIII. 75.
2 Gehler. Physikal. Wdrterbuch. VII. 138
8 Nouveaux Mem. de l'Acad. Brux. XII. 61.
» Edin. Jonrn. Sci. V. 74.
6 Mem. de l'Acad. St. Petcrsb. III. 346.
VOL. X.
Sept. 17. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
" 17. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
" 19. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
" 19. Nero Haven. Leffingwell. Loomis.
Oct. 12. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Dec. 3. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
1804.
Feb. 2. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Mar. 29. Paris. Bouvard.
Apr. 1. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
" 1. New Haven. Day. Loomis.
" 1. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
" 4. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
May 2. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
" 2. New Haven. Day. Loomis.
" 2. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
" 12. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Sept. 7. St. Petersburg. Inochodzow. 1
Oct. 12. Schnepfenthal? Ausfeld.
" 22. Muncke and Quetelet.
" 22. St. Petersburg. Inochodzow.
" 22. Paris. Bouvard.
" 22. Berlin. Wrede. Halle. Gilbert. 3
" 22. Leipsic. Mollweide. London. 4
" 22. Paris. Lamark. Quetelet.
" 22. Dorpat. Parrot. 6
" 22. Petersburg, Konigsberg, Brugge, §c. Muncke.
Nov. 5. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
" 22. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
" 25. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
1805.
Jan. 1. St. Petersburg. Inochodzow.
" 1. Carlisle. Pitt. Muncke.
" 1. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton. Quetelet.
" 4. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Feb. 23. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
" 23. Manchester. Muncke and Quetelet/'
Mar. 26. Carlisle. Pitt. Quetelet. 7
Apr. 30. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
May 27. Muncke. 8 Quetelet.
i Me'm. de l'Acad. St. Petcrsb. III. 436.
a Gilbert. Ann. XIX. 108.
8 Gilbert. Ann. XVIII. 252. XIX. 106.
4 Phil. Trans. 1805, Pt. I. Meteor. Journ. p. 21.
6 Edin. New Phil. Journ. I. 157.
6 Nicholson's Journ. &c. X. 303.
I Gilbert. Ann. XIX. 219.
8 Gehler. Physikal. Wuiterbuch, VII. 138.
13
98
OX THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
May 2S. Muncke. Quetelet
Aug. 29. Milnegraden. Muncke. Quetelet. 1
Sept. 15. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
' ; 15. New Haven. Day. Loomis.
21. Muncke. Quetelet.
" 22. Muncke. Quetelet.
" 24. New Haven. Day. Loomis.
24. St. Petersburg. Inochodzow.'- Paris. Bouvard.
" 24. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Oct. 13. Muncke. Quetelet.
'• 20. Muncke. Quetelet.
" 22. Muncke. Quetelet.
Nov.16. Muncke. Quetelet.
" 18. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
" 18. Muncke. Quetelet.
" 19. ■ Muncke. Quetelet.
" 20. Muncke. Quetelet.
" 25. Muncke. Quetelet.
" 26. Muncke. Quetelet.
Dec. 26. Muncke. Quetelet.
180G.
Jan. 11. Neic Haven. Day. Loomis.
Feb. 7. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Mar. 1 6. New Haven. Day. Loomis.
Apr. 13. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Aug. 9. St. Petersburg. Inochodzow.
Sept. 10. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Oct. 2. Eckwarden. Brandes. 8
" 5. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Nov. 2. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
" 2. Eckwarden. Brandes. Muncke and Quetelet.
Dec. 22. Halle. Gilbert. Muncke.
" 22. Paris. Quetelet. 1
1807.
Jan. 13. Halle. Gilbert. Muncke and Quetelet. 5
Mar. 26. Border of Norway and Sweden. Hausmann. 6
"" 26. Muncke and Quetelet.
Apr. 11. New Haven. Day. Loomis.
" 15. Lat. 66° N. Long. 6° IF. Scoresby. 7
May 8. New Haven. Day. Loomis.
i Ferussac. Bull. Univ. EX.
2 Mem. de l'Acad. St. Petersb. IV. 490.
8 Gilbert. Ami. XXIV. 363.
4 Gilbert. Ann. XXIV. 363. XXIX. 428.
5 Gilbert. Ann. XXIV. 365.
6 Reise Durch. Skandin. V. 259.
T Arctic Regions. I. 417.
1808.
Mar. 8. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
July 23. St. Petersburg. Petrow. 1
" 31. Road from Leipsic to Halle. Gilbert. 2
1809.
Jan. 31. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Mar. 19. Lat. 59° N. Long. 1° W. Scoresby.
June 13. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
1810.
Apr. 4. Lat. 71° JV. Long. 3° E. Scoresby.
1811.
Mar. 28. Lat. 67° N. Long. 2° E. Scoresby.
" 29. Lat. 67° N. Long. 3° E. Scoresby.
" 30. Lat. 68° N. Long. 4° E. Scoresby.
" 31. Lat. 67° N. Long. 4° E. Scoresby.
1814.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Tottenham. Howard. Muncke and Quetelet.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Day. Loomis.
( iitrinnati* Drake.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Day. Loomis.
( 'iiiiinnati. Drake.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Glasgow. Dobbie. 7
Berne. Studer. 8
i Mem. de l'Acad. St. Petersb. VI. 682.
2 Gilbert. Ann. XXX. 243. Doubtful whether this was an
aurora.
8 Gilbert. Ann. LI. 72.
* In Gilbert. Ann. LI. 72, an aurora is mentioned as occurring
on April 11th or 17th.
6 Drake's Picture of Cincinnati pp. 245-6.
The aurora was constantly observed at York Factory from
Aug. 31st to Sept. 28th. Smith. Contrib. VLH. Record of
Auroral Phenom. &c. Force, p. 9. Chappel remarks : " Dur-
ing our stay in Hudson's Bay from Aug. 31st to Sept. 28th, 1814,
and upon our voyage home from thence, our nights were constant-
ly illuminated by brilliant auroras." p. 136.
7 Phil. Mag. LVI. 175.
8 Mirth. Naturforsch. Gesellsch. Bern. 1855. p. 45.
Jan.
31.
Apr
7.
u
14.
u
17.<
it
17.
a
17.
Sept
.10. 6
u
11.
u
11.
a
11.
a
11.
a
11.
Oct.
22.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
99
1815. 1
Apr. 5. Lat. 69° N. Long. 2°. Scoresby.
" 6. Lot. 70° JV. Long. 3°. Scoresby.
" 7. Lat. 70° N. Long. 4°. Scoresby.
1816.
Sept.15. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
" 24. Glasgow. Dobbie. 2
" 26. Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Oct. 7. C/iristiania. Hansteen. 8
" 7. Muncke, Quetelet, and Biot. 4
1817.
Feb. 6. Paris. Muncke. Quetelet. 5
" 8. Leipsic. Mollweide. 6 Scbubler. 7
" 8. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
" 8. Sunderland. Pensey. 8 Gosport. Burney.
" 8. London, Leeds, and Derby. 9
" 8. Berne. Watt. Studer. 10
" 8. C/iristiania. Hansteen. Biot. Germany. 11
" 8. .Paris. Muncke and Quetelet.
" 9. Konigsberg. Muncke and Quetelet.
" 9. Leipsic. Mollweide. 12
" 11. Stockholm. Muncke and Quetelet.
" 18. Hamm. Gronau. Muncke and Quetelet. 13
" 20. WaOhamstow. 1 *
Mar. 4. Carlsruhe. Studer.
" 5. Gordon Castle. Hoy. Glasgow.™
" 15. Stockholm. 16
" 16. Stockholm. 11
" 29. Atlantic Ocean. 0'Reilly. ls
" 30. Atlantic Ocean. O'Reilly.
1 Henderson says of Iceland in the winter of 1814-15, "that
the aurora was seen almost every clear night in winter, p. 577.
2 Phil. Mag. LVI. 175.
8 Schweigg. Joarn. XVI. 196. Edin. Phil. Journ. XII. 88.
* Journ. de Phys. XCIII. 15.
6 Ann. Chem. et Phys. VI. 443.
6 Gilbert. Ann. LV. 248.
' Journ. de Phys. LXXXV. 29. Schweigg. Journ. XIX. 1 .
8 Annals of Phil. IX. 250 and XI. 168.
9 Phil. Mag. XLIX. 223.
w Bib. Univ. IV. 158.
" Phil. Mag. XLIX. 236. Edin. Phil. Journ. XII. 88.
' 2 Gilbert. Ann. LV. 248.
18 Berlin Gesellsch Naturforsch. 1820, p. 128.
14 Phil. Mag. XLIX. 237.
15 Phil. Mag. LI. 422.
16 Amer. Journ. Sci. XVI.
17 Amer. Journ. Sci. XVI.
io Voyage to Davis's Straits, &c. p. 29.
Apr. 5.
" 8.
" 8.
" 16.
" 22.
" 23.
Aug. 27.
Sept. 6.
" 19.
« 19.
Oct. 17.
Zetland, Scoresby.
Near Davis's Straits. O'Reilly.
Lat. 65° A 7 . Long. 1° E. Scoresby.
Near Davis's Straits. O'Reilly.
Lat. 62° N. Long. £° W. Scoresby.
Lat. 62° N. Long. 2° E. Scoresby.
Unst, Shetland. Biot, Muncke. and Quetelet. 1
Unst. Biot. 2
Glasgow. Dupin. Muncke and Quetelet. 3
Gosport. Burney. 4
Gosport. Burney. 6
1818.
Gordon Castle. Hoy. 8
Lat. 11° N. Long. 1°. Scoresby.
Williamstown, Mass. Dewey.'
Williamstown, Mass. Dewey.
Williamstown, Mass. Dewey.
New Haven. Day. Loomis.
Williamstown. Mass. Dewey.
Williamstown, Muss. Dewey.
Williamstown, Mass. Dewey.
WiUiamstovm, Mass. Dewey.
Nero Haven. Day. Loomis.
At sea, Lat. 66° N. Long. 59° W. Robertson.'
WiUiamstovm, Mass. Dewey.
WiUiamstovm, Mass. Dewey.
Boston, Hale. Lovering. 9
New Haven. Day. Loomis.
At sea, Lat. 65° N. Long. 61° W. Robertson.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
At sea, Lat. 65° N. Long. 63° W. Robertson.
At sea, Lat. 65° N. Long. 63° IT. Robert sor.
At sea, Lat. 62° N. Long. 63° W. Robertson.
Williamstown. Mass. Dewey.
At sea, Lat. 60° N. Long. 56° W. Robertson.
WiUiamstovm, Mass. Dewey.
Lot. 59° N. Long. 50° W. Robertson.
Lat. 61° N. Long. 25° W. Robertson.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
1 Journ. de Phys. XCIII. 15.
2 Journ. de Savans. 1820.
8 Phil. Mag. LI. 47. Bib. Univ. VII. 68.
4 Annals of Phil. XI. 168.
6 Annals of Phil. XIV. 395.
6 Phil. Mag. LI. 422.
" Mem. Amer. Acid. IV. 391.
8 Ross's Voyage of Discovery, &c, Appendix, p. 120.
'■' Mem. Amer. Acad. IX. 119.
Feb
5.
Ma)
20.
cc
23.
it
28.
June 6.
u
6.
u
7.
a
8.
u
9.
a
10.
Sept.20.
((
23.
«
24.
u
25.
a
26.
a
26.
u
26.
a
27.
it
28.
«
29.
Oct.
1.
u
6.
it
6.
a
7.
it
8.
a
17.
u
26.
a
31.
100
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Oct. 31. Muncke, Arago, and Quetelet. 1
" 31. Near Sunderland. Kennie. 2
1819. 3
Paris ? Arago.
Boston. Hale. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Day. Loomis. Aberdeenshire.*
Boston. Hale. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
At sea, Lat. 59° N. Long. 59° W. Franklin. 6
At sea, Lat. 74° N. Long. 111° Jr. Parry.'
Upper Portage, Lat. 55° N.L'g. 94°. Franklin.
Zurich. Gilbert. 8
Gilbert."
Fhnsburg, Siceden. Boue. 10
Lake Winnepeg. Franklin.
Boston. Hale. Lovering.
New Haven. Day. Loomis.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Cedar Lake, Lat. 53° N. L'g. 100°. Frauklin.
Winter Harbor. Parry.
Suffolk. Forster.
Barton Mills. Muncke, Arago, and Quetelet. 11
Gosport. Burney. Scotland. Forster. 12
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Near Diss. Muncke, Arago, and Quetelet. 18
Wittier Harbor. Parry. Arago.
Winter Harbor. Fisher. Parry.
Gosport. Burney. 14
Winter Harbor. Parry.
1 Oeuvres de Arago. IV. 607. Annals of Phil. XIII. 71.
2 Ann. Chem. et Phys. X. 123..
8 Auroras were seen at Williamstown, by Dewey, on four-
teen evenings during this year, six of which were in October.
4 Quart. Journ. Sci. VII. 188.
6 Narrative of a Journey, &c. p. 12.
6 Hood states that the number of auroras visible at Cumberland
House in Lat. 54° N. and Long. 102° W. was, in September, 1819,
two; in October, tliree; in November, three ; in December, Jive ; in
January, 1820, Jive; in February, seven ; in March, sixteen; in
April, fifteen ; and in May, eleven.
* Parry's Journal of a voyage, p. 93.
8 Gilbert. Ann. LXVI. 422.
9 Gilbert. Ann. LXVI. 423.
10 Quart. Journ. Sci. IX. 210.
" Phil. Mag. LIV. 390.
w Annals of Phil. XIV. 395.
» Phil. Mag. LIV. 390.
l« Ann. Phil. XIII. 444.
Feb
I.
U
19.
a
19.
u
19.
Mar. 25.
u
25.
U
26.
Aug
. 4.
Sept
.20.
u
24.
Oct.
3
a
6
((
7.
ti
8.
a
12.
u
12.
it
12.
it
13.
a
13.
a
15.
u
15.
u
17
It
17.
it
17.
it
20.
it
27.
it
81.
Nov
. 9.
Winter Harbor. Parry. Arago.
Boston. Hale. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
New Haven. Day. Loomis.
Winter Harbor. Parry. Arago.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Winter Harbor. Parry. Arago.
Winter Harbor. Parry. Arago.
Winter Harbor. Parry. Arago. 1
Winter Harbor. Parry. Arago.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Winter Harbor. Parry. Arago.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
< 'mnberland House. Franklin.
Winter Harbor. Parry.
Muncke, Arago, and Quetelet.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Winter Harbor. Parry. Arago and Quetelet.
Winter Harbor. Parry. Arago and Quetelet.
Winter Harbor. Parry. Arago and Quetelet.
1820.
Arago. 2
Winter Harbor. Parry. Arago.
Winter Harbor. Parry. Arago.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Arago, Muncke, and Quetelet.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Winter Harbor. Parry. 8
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Winter Harbor. Parry. Arago.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Winter Harbor. Parry. Arago.
Paris ? Arago.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Winter Harbor. Parry. Arago.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton. Arago.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Cumberland House. Franklin. Arago.
1 Fisher's Journal of a voyage, &.C. p. 156.
2 Probably a mistake for Jan. 15.
3 Edin. Phil. Journ. V. 204.
Nov. 12.
a
13.
a
13.
a
13.
u
13.
tt
14.
a
15.
tt
15.
a
16.
tt
17.
a
18.
a
23.
a
26.
a
26.
it
28.
Dec
. 6.
it
8.
a
9.
u
12.
it
14.
a
14.
a
14.
a
17.
u
19.
a
20.
Jan.
5.
a
8.
a
11.
a
14.
a
14.
a
14.
a
15.
a
19.
a
20.
a
27.
Feb
. 2.
ti
3.
tt
8.
U
8.
a
9.
a
10.
it
10.
a
11.
a
12.
a
19.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
101
Winter Harbor. Parry.
Cumberland House. Parry.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Fort Isle la Croise. Franklin.
Winter Harbor. Parry.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Winter Harbor. Parry. Arago.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Cumberland House. Richardson.
Boston. Hale. Lovering.
Salem. Holyoke. Lovering.
Cambridge, N. Y. Joslin.
Fort Chippewyan. Franklin. Arago.
Fast Greenland. Seoresby. 2
Muncke and Quetelet.
Cumberland House. Richardson.
Cumberland House. Richardson.
Cumberland House. Richardson.
Cumberland House. Richardson.
Cumberland House. Richardson.
Cumberland House. Richardson.
Cumberland House. Richardson.
Fort Chippewyan. Franklin.
Fort Chippewyan. Franklin.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
New Haven. Day. Loomis.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
Fort Chippewyan. Franklin.
Cumberland House. Franklin.
1 The corrascations of the aurora were very brilliant at Fort
Chippewyan, Lat. 59° N. Long. Ill W., almost every eveniug
of the first week of April. Franklin, I. 143.
2 Journ. of a Voyage, &c. p. 31.
Fob. 29.
tf
29.
Mar. 4.
cc
4.
a
4.
u
5.
a
6.
u
7.
u
8.
u
8.
u
9.
a
10.
u
11.
a
12.
a
14.
u
15.
u
16.
a
17.
a
18.
u
19.
Apr
ft
. 2. 1
3.
(c
3.
u
3.
it
3.
it
3.
u
3.
ii
6.
a
7.
a
10.
u
12.
u
14.
a
15.
tt
16.
a
17.
a
19.
a
19.
a
20.
a
27.
a
29.
u
30.
May
if
1.
1.
ft
2.
ft
2.
u
3.
May 5. Cumberland House. Franklin.
" 12. Cumberland House. Franklin.
" 18. Cumberland House. Franklin.
" 23. Cumberland House. Franklin.
" 28. Cumberland House. Franklin.
June 1 6. Fort Chippeioyan. Franklin.
Aug. 14. Hunter's Portage. Franklin.
" 18. Near Fort Enterprize. Franklin.
Sept. 12. At sea, Lat. 68° N. Long. 66° W. Parry.
" 13. At sea, Lat. 68° N. Long. 60° W. Fisher. 1
" 17. Akur Eyriin Iceland. Thienemann. 2
Oct. 2. At sea, Lat. 57° JV. Long. 49° W. Parry.
" 3. 3 . At sea, L. 57° N. Lg. 45° W. Parry. Arago. 4
" 12. Akur Eyri. Thienemann.
" 13. At sea, L. 60° N. Lg. 25° W. Parry. Arago.
" 27. Akur Eyri. Thienemann.
" 31. Akur Eyri. Thienemann.
Nov. 6. Akur Eyri. Thienemann.
" 9. Akur Eyri. Thienemann.
" 11. Akur Eyri. Theinemann.
" 13. Fort Enterprize. Richardson.
" 14. Akur Eyri. Thienemann.
" 24. Fort Enterprize. Richardson.
" 24. Akur Eyri. Thienemann.
" 26. Fort Enterprize. Richardson.
" 26. Akur Eyri. Thienemann.
" x. St. Petersburg. Muncke. 5
Dec. 1. Fort Enterprize. Richardson
" 2. Akur Eyri. Thienemann.
" 3. Akur Eyri. Thienemann.
" 4. Akur Eyri. Thienemann.
" 4. Fort Enterprize. Richardson.
" 4. England. Forster. 6 Arago.
" 5. Fort Enterprize. Richardson.
" 5. Akur Eyri. Thienemann.
" 6. Fort Enterprize. Richardson.
" 7. Fort Enterprize. Richardson.
" 8. Fort Enterprize. Richardson.
" 9. Fort Enterprize. Richardson.
1 Edin. Phil. Journ. V. 204.
2 Gilbert. Ann. LXXV. 64.
8 Von Wrangel remarks, Nov. 20, 1820, of Nijnei Kolymsk,
Lat. 69° N. and Long. 161° E : " the beauty of the varied forms of
the aurora, seen on the deep azure of the clear northern ski/, was a
source of unwearied enjoyment to us almost every evening." Nar-
rative of an Expedition, &c. p. 83. Force, p. 80.
1 Parry states that during his passage across the Atlantic, in
October, 1820, the aurora occurred almost every night. Journ. of
a Voyage, p. 306. Force, p. 7.
6 Ann. Chem. et Phys. XV. 424.
6 Researches about Atmosph. Phcnom. 219.
102
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Dec
.10.
Fort Enterprize.
Richardson.
tt
li.
Fort Enterprize.
Richardson.
tt
n.
Akur Eyri. Thienemann.
tt
12.
Fort Enterprize.
Richardson.
it
13.
Fort Enterprize.
Richardson.
u
14.
Fort Enterprize.
Richardson.
it
17.
Fort Enterprize.
Richardson.
tt
18.
Fort Enterprize.
Richardson.
it
19.
Fort Enterprise.
Richardson.
tt
20.
Fort Enterprize.
Richardson.
a
21.
Fort Enterprize.
Richardson.
tt
22.
Fort Enterprize.
Richardson.
a
23.
Fort Enterprize.
Richardson.
tt
23.
Akur Eyri. Thienemann.
a
25.
Fort Enterprize.
Richardson.
a
26.
Fort Enterprize.
Richardson.
a
26.
Akur Eyri. Thienemann.
a
27.
Fort Enterprize.
Richardson.
tt
27.
Akur Eyri. Thienemann.
a
28.
Fort Enterprize.
Richardson.
tt
29.
Akur Eyri. Thienemann.
a
29.
Fort Enterprize.
Richardson.
a
30.
Akur Eyri. Thienemann.
tt
30.
Fort Enterprize.
Richardson.
it
31.
Fort Enterprize.
Richardson.
1821.
Jan
10.
Fort Enterprize.
Hood. 1
tt
11.
Fort Enterprize.
Hood.
a
12.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
a
14.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
a
16.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
a
20.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
a
21.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
a
22.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
a
23.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
u
24.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
a
25.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
tt
27.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
u
28.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
a
29.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
u
30.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
a
31.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
Feb. 1.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
a
2.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
1 Hood states that the number of auroras visible at Fort Enter-
prize, inLat. 64° N. and Long. 1 13° W., were, in August, 1820, ten;
in September, six ; in October, seven ; in November, eight ; in
December, twenty ; in Januarv, 1821, seventeen ; in February,
twenty-two ; in March, twenty-five ; in April, eighteen ; and in
May, nine. Franklin, I. 580.
Feb
3.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
tt
4.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
tt
5.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
il
6.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
it
7.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
it
8.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
it
9.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
%
tt
10.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
it
11.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
it
12.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
tt
13.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
it
14.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
it
15.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
tt
18.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
it
19.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
tt
20.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
tt
22.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
it
23.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
a
24.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
tt
26.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
a
27.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
Mai
•. 1.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
tt
1.
Ice. Lt. WN. i S
. 168° E. Von
W rangel. 1
tt
1.
Nijnei Kolymski 1
Cochrane.
it
2.
Ice. Von Wrangel. Force.
it
3.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
it
4.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
it
5.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
a
8.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
a
9.
Furt Enterprize.
Franklin.
a
11.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
a
12.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
a
13.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
it
14.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
a
15.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
it
16.
Fort Enteiprize.
Franklin.
a
19.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
a
20.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
a
21.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
a
22.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
u
23.
Fm-t Enterprize.
Franklin.
a
24.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
tt
25.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
tt
25.
Gosport. 3 Burney.
tt
26.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
a
28.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
u
29.
Fort Enterprize.
Franklin.
1 Narrative of an Expedition, &c. Force, p. 101.
2 Narrative of a Pedestrian Journey, &c.
8 Phil. Mag. and Annals, I. 31".
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
103
Mar. 30.
Fort Enterprize. Franklin.
Api
•. i.
Fort Enterprize. Franklin.
K
5.
Fort Enterprize. Franklin.
U
6.
Fort Enterprize. Franklin.
u
7.
Fort Enterprizr. Franklin.
it
8.
Fort Enterprize. Franklin.
a
11.
Fort Enterprize. Franklin.
u
14.
Fort Enterprize. Franklin.
t<
15.
Fort Enterprize. Franklin.
(C
18.
Fort Enterprize. Franklin.
(4
19.
4
Fort Enterprize. Franklin.
a
20.
Fort Enterprize. Franklin.
u
21.
Fort Enterprize. Franklin.
((
23.
Fort Enterprize. Franklin.
u
27.
Fort Enterprize. Franklin.
a
29.
Fort Enterprize. Franklin.
u
30.
Fort Enterprize. Franklin.
Maj
■ 1.
Fort Enterprize. Franklin.
a
3.
Fort Enterprize. Franklin.
a
5.
Fort Enterprize. Franklin.
a
6.
Fort Enterprize. Franklin.
a
10.
Fort Enterprize. Franklin.
it
11.
Fort Enterprize. Franklin.
it
12?
Fort Enterprize. Franklin.
u
13.
Fort Enterprize. Franklin.
Aug
.15.
Southampton Island. Parry. 1 Arago
a
23.
Belleville, Invemesshire. Brewster. 2
u
29.
Duckell's Cove. Parry.
Nov. 15.
Winter Island. Parry.
a
17.
Winter Island. Parry.
U
23.
Winter Island. Parry.
a
26.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
it
26.
Winter Island. Parry. 3
U
27.
Winter Island. Parry.
a
28.
Winter Island. Parry.
Dec
1.
Winter Island. Parry.
u
2.
Winter Island. Parry.
a
3.
Winter Island. Parry.
u
4.
Winter Island. Parry.
a
12.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
a
14.
Winter Island. Parry.
u
20.
Winter Island. Parry.
a
22.
Winter Island. Parry.
t(
23.
Winter Island. Parry.
it
24.
Winter Island. Parry.
(t
27.
Winter Island. Parry.
a
28.
Winter Island. Parry.
1 Journ. of a Second Voyage, &c. p. 39.
2 Edin. Phil. Joarn. VI. 175. Gilbert. Ann. LXXV. 68.
8 Journ. of a Second Voyage, Appendix, p. 266.
Dec. 29.
Winter Island. Lyon. Arago.
" 31.
Winter Island. Parry.
1822. 1
Jan. 9.
Winter Island. Parry.
" 12.
Winter Island. Parry.
" 13.
Winter Island. Parry.
" 15.
Winter Island. Parry.
" 18.
Winter Island. Parry.
Feb. 13.
From Ferres to Nairn, Scot!. Mackenzie. 3
" 13.
Muncke, Arago, and Quetelet.
" 19.
Winter Island. Parry.
Apr. 15.
Lat. 64° N. Long. 6° W. Scorcsby. Arago
" 16.
Winter Island. Parry.
" 17.
Lat. 66° N. Long. 4° W. Scoresby.
July 13.
Paris ? Arago.
Oct. 22.
Boston. Hale. Lovering.
Nov. 7.
Igloolik. Parry. 8
" 15.
Igloolik. Parry.
" 16.
Igloolik. Parry.
" 21.
Igloolik. Parry.
Dec. 13.
Igloolik. Parry. 4
1823.
Jan. 19.
Igloolik. Parry.
Feb. 5.
Igloolik. Parry. 6
Mar. 21.
Ice. Lat. 70°JST. Long. 174°E. Von Wrangel.
Apr. 8.
Igloolik. Parry.
Aug. 31.
Hudson's Bay. Lyon.
1824.
Jan. 21. Leith. Coldstream. Arago.
July 29. Hudson's Bag. Lyon. 6 Arago.
1 In 1822, the aurora was frequently observed by Franklin, at
Moose-Deer Island, Lat. 61° N. and Long. 114° W., but it was not
brilliant. Franklin. Narrative of a Journey, &e. p. 553.
2 Edin. Journ. Sci. VI. 380.
8 Journ. of a Second Voyage, &c. p. 381 .
4 Parry says : " Another peculiarity, observed in this winter,
was the rare occurrence of the Aurora Borealis, and the extraordi-
nary poorness of its display, whenever it did make its appearance."
pp. 381 and 420. Von Wrangel also states, that auroras were
rare and less brilliant than usual during the winter of 1822-23, in
Lat. 70° N. and Long. 174° E. p. 318. Force, p. 87.
5 During the dark season, I mean the time that we did not at
all see the sun, it was remarked with astonishment that the aurora
was very rarely seen, in fact only once or twice, and then so faint-
ly as scarcely to call our attention. Igloolik. Lat. 69° N. Long.
82° W. March, 1823. Lyon's Private Journal, p. 306. Force, p
83.
Private Journal, &c.
104
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Aug. 10. St. Petersburg. Wisniewsky. Kupffer. 1
" 11. Hudson's Bay. Lyon. 2 Arago.
Sept. 5. Hudson's Bay. Lyon.
9. Edinburgh. Brewster. 8
9. Howe's Welcome. Lyon. Arago.
29. Hudson's Bay. Lyon. Arago.
29. St. Petersburg. Wisniewsky. Kupffer.
Nov. 1 6. Konigsburg. Sommer. 4
17. Port Bowen. Parry. Arago.
25. Port Bowen. Parry. Arago.
26. Port Bowen. Parry. Arago.
27. Port Bowen. Parry. Arago.
Dec. 1. Port Bowen. Parry. Arago.
16. Port Bowen. Parry. Arago.
20. Port Bowen. Parry. Arago.
21. Port Bowen. Parry. 6 Arago.
22. Port Bowen. Parry. Arago.
23. Port Bowen. Parry. Arago.
24. Port Bowen. Parry. Arago.
26. Port Bowen. Parry. Fisher. 8
Jan. 7.
" 11.
12.
15.
16.
17.
18.
20.
27.
" 28.
Feb. 11.
" 14.
" 15.
" 16.
" 17.
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
Port
Bowen.
Bowen.
Bowen.
Bowen.
Bowen.
Bowen.
Bowen.
Boxcen.
Boxcen.
Boxcen.
Bowen.
Bowen.
Boxcen.
Boxcen.
Bowen.
1825.
Parry. 7
Parry.
Parry.
Parry.
Parry.
Parry.
Parry.
Parry.
Parry.
Parry.
Parry.
Parry. 8
Parry.
Parry.
Parry.
Arago.
Arago.
Arago.
Arago.
Arago.
Arago.
Arago.
Arago.
Arago.
Arago.
Arago.
Arago.
Arago.
Arago.
Arago.
i Mem. de l'Acad. St. Petersb. IV.
2 Off Winter Island, Lat. 66° N. Long. 83° W. Aug. 31, 1823.
It was remarkable that we should have seen the aurora so seldom
and faintly at Igloolik, and that now again we should, on return-
ing to Winter Island, find it as brilliant as we had been accus-
tomed to see it at the same place two years before. Lyon's Private
Journal, p. 455.
8 Edin. Journ. Sci. 1825, p. 55.
* Kastn. Archiv. V. 373.
6 Journal of a Third Voyage, &c. p. 60.
6 Phil. Trans. 1826. Pt. IV. p. 215.
' Fifteen auroras were observed at Port Bowen in January ;
thirteen in February; nn&Jive in March.
8 Phil. Trans. 1826. Pt. IV. p. 133.
Feb. 19.
" 22.
" 23.
" 24.
Mar. 9.
" 12.
" 13.
" 14.
" 19.
" 19.
" 19.
Apr. 14.
" 25.
Aug. 10.
" 17.
" 17.
" 21.
" 22.
" 25.
" 26.
Sept.10.
" 10.
" 11.
" 11.
" 15.
" 20.
« 24.
Oct. 5.
" 7.
" 26.
" 27.
2.
3.
3.
3.
4.
4.
22.
22.
Nov
Leith. Coldstream. Quetelet. 1
Port Boxcen. Parry. Arago.
Port Boxcen. Party. Arago.
Port Bowen. Parry. Arago.
Port^Boxcen. Parry. Arago.
Port Bowen. Parry. Arago.
Port Bowen. Parry. Arago.
Port Boxcen. Parry. Arago.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton. Arago.
Leith. Coldstream, &c. 2 Muncke. Quetelet.
Edinburgh. Brewster. 8
Boston. Hale. Lovering.
Christiania. Hansteen. Hardanger. Herzberg 4
Christiania. Halmboe.
Leith. Coldstream. 5
Muncke, Arago, and Quetelet.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Muncke. Quetelet.
Christiania. Hansteen. Arago.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Leith. Muncke, Arago, Quetelet, and Boue.
St. Petersburg. Wisniewsky. Kupffer.
Leith. Coldstream.
Davis's Strait. Parry. Arago.
Davids Strait. Parry. Arago.
At sea. Lat.58°N. Long. 44° W. Parry. Arago.
At sea. Parry. 6 Arago.
Paris. Arago. Muncke and Quetelet. 7
Fort Franklin. Franklin. 8
Fort FranMin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Norway. Hansteen. Muncke.
Leith. Coldstream.
Arago, Muncke, and Quetelet.
Norway. Muncke, Arago, and Quetelet.
Leith. Muncke. Bergen. Bohr. 9
Leith. Coldstream. Alford. Farquharson. 10
Arago, Muncke, and Quetelet.
1 Ferussac. Bull. Univ. XI. 202.
2 Edin. Journ. Sci. V. 190.
8 Edin. Journ. Sci. III. 181.
* Annals of Phil. II. 335.
6 Edin. Journ. Sci. IX. 86.
6 Parry says : " In running down Davis's Strait, as well as in
crossing the Atlantic, we saw on this passage as well as in all
former autumnal ones, a good deal of the Aurora Borealis."
7 Ann. Chem. et Phys. XXX. 424.
8 Narrative of a Second Expedition, p. 66.
» Annals of Phil. II. 335.
1° Phil. Trans. 1829, p. 103.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Ill--,
Nov. 23. Aberdeenshire.
Dec. 7. Bos/on. Hale.
" 7. Fort Frankh'n.
" 8. Fort Franklin.
Farquharson.
Lovering.
Franklin.
Franklin.
Arago. 1
Jan. 4.
« 5.
" 5.
" 8.
« 16.
" 16.
" 17.
" 21.
" 21.
" 29.
Feb. 3.
« 8.
" 9.
" 10.
" 11.
" 11.
" 19.
Mar. 2.
" 7.
« 8.
" 9.
" 10.
" 11.
" 13.
« 14.
« 15.
" 26.
" 28.
" 29.
" 29.
" 29.
" 29.
Apr. 3.
" 6.
" 13.
" 23.
1826.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Kbnigsberg. Muncke. 2
Leith. Coldstream, &c. Arago. Quetelet. 8
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Leith. Coldstream and Foggo. 4
Muncke, Arago, and Quetelet.
Leith. Hough.
G. Britain or Lreland. Dalton. Quete'et.
Edinburgh. Coldstream. 6 Quetelet.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Leith. Coldstream and Foggo. Arago.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
G. Britain or Ireland. Manchester. Dalton.
Edinburgh. 6 Coldstream. Dublin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Muncke, Arago, and Quetelet.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
1 Phil. Trans. 1829, p. 106.
2 Gilbert. Ann. LXXXVI. 560.
8 Edin. Journ. Sci. "V. 190.
* Edin. Journ. Sci. V. 190.
6 Edin. Journ. Sci. IX. 129.
6 Phil. Mag. IV. 419, and y. 154.
Phil. Trans. 18.38, Pt. I. p. 293.
VOL. X.
Edin. Journ. Sci. V. 190.
14
A pi-
29.
ce
29.
Aug
.25.
u
29.
Sept
. 9.
a
10.
a
22.
tt
25.
Oct.
1.
tt
2.
it
2.
tt
13.
tt
19.
it
30.
Nov
. 1.
a
4.
it
10.
a
16.
tt
19.
ti
20.
a
22.
a
24.
Dec
4.
tt
19.
tt
22.
it
26.
Jan.
o.
9.
9.
16.
16.
18.
IS.
18.
19.
21.
30.
31.
Carlisle and Roxburghshire. Muncke. 1
Arago and Quetelet.
Behring's Sea. Beechey.
Quetelet and Bone.
Canonmills. Quetelet. 2
Near Edinburgh?
Behring's Sea. Beechey. 4 Force.
Beh ring's Sea. Beechey. Force.
New Tork Slate. Dough. 6
New Tork. Hough.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
1827.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Kendal. Marshall. 6
Muncke, Arago, and Quetelet.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Edinburgh. Blackadder. Muncke. Quetelet.
New Haven. Derrick. Loomis.
G. Britain or Lreland. Dalton. Arago.
Gosport. Burney. Muncke and Quetelet.
New York. Hough,
Edinburgh. Hough.
Arago.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
i Quart. Journ. Sci. 1827, p. 229. Ann. Chcm. ct Phys.
XXXIII. 421.
2 Fcrussac. Bull. Univ. XI. 33.
8 Edin. Journ. Sci. IX. 129.
4 Narrative of a Voyage, &C. I. p. 329.
6 All the auroras of Hough are to be understood as for the
Stair of New York, unless otherwise specified. See " Results of .i
series of Meter. Observ. &c. in the State of New Y'ork, &c, coin-
piled by Franklin B. Hough."
6 Edin. Journ. Sci. VI. 377.
• Edin. New Phil. Journ. HI. 342.
10G
OX THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Feb. 3.
4.
6.
" 7.
" 13.
" 17.
« 17.
" 17.
" 23.
" 25.
Mar. 9.
" 29.
Apr. 6.
" 16.
Aug. 25.
" 25.
" 2G.
« 27.
« 27.
» 27.
" 27.
" 28.
•• 28.
•• 28.
" 28.
" 28.
■• 28.
•' 29.
« 29.
« 29.
•• 29.
« 30.
« 31.
Sept. 8.
" 8.
8.
8.
« 8.
" 8.
Fort Franklin.
Fort Franklin.
Fort Franklin.
Fort Franklin.
Franklin.
Franklin.
Franklin.
Franklin.
Gosport. Burney. 1
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton. 2
St. Petersburg. Wisniewsky. Kupffer.
Arago. Muncke, and Quetelet.
Fori Franklin. Franklin.
Fort Franklin. Franklin.
Baumhauer.
Edinburgh. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New Tork. Hough.
Be firing's Sea. Beechey. Force.
Paris. Boue 8 and Hough.
Copenhagen. Dau. Boue.
New Tork. Hough.
New Haven. Herriek. Loomis.
Perth, Scotland. Muncke. 4
Arago and Quetelet.
New York. Gale and Hough. 5
X tr Haven. Loomis. 6
Wilmington, Delaware. Gibbon. 7
Schenectady, X. T. Joslin. Canada?
Roxburghshire, Scotland. Muncke.*
Arago and Quetelet.
New Tork. Gale and Hough.
Schenectady, X. T. Joslin.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
AKlnegraden. Arago, Muncke, and Quetelet. 10
Neic Tork. Gale.
jVi ir Turk. Hough. Arago.
Boston. Hale. Lovering.
New Turk. Hough.
New Haven. Herriek. Loomis.
Wilmington. Gibbon.
Augusta, Maine. Bowdoin. u
Berlin. Humboldt. Finland, Sweden, fyc. 1 -
i Phil. Mag. and Annals. 1.239 and 317.
2 Phil. Mag. and Annals. I.
8 Not in Arago's Catalogue, though Boue" quotes him.
* Edin. Journ. Sci. VII. 377. Ferussac Bull. Univ. XII. "0.
6 Amer. Journ. Sci. XV.
6 Amer. Journ. Sci. XIV. 91.
' Amer. Journ. Sci. XXXIII. 299.
8 Amer. Journ. Sci. XIV. and Reports of Regents, &c. 1836, p.
196.
Edin. Journ. Sci. VII. 77. Ferussac. Bull. Univ. XII. 70.
M Edin. New Journ. Sci. III. 379.
11 Amer. Journ Sci. XVIII. 72.
li Pogg. Ann. X. 511. Ferussac. Bull. Univ. IX. 191. _
Sept. 8.
Denmark. Arago, Muncke, and Quetelet.
New Haven. Herriek. Loomis.
New Tork. Hough. Schenectady. Joslin.
Canandaigua, N. Y. Hayes. 1
Wilmington. Gibbon.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton. Arago.
Canonmills and Roslin. Muncke. 2
Alford. Farquharson. Quetelet. 8
Boston. Hale. Lovering.
New Tork. Hough. Wilmington. Gibbon.
New Haven. Herriek. Loomis.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton. 4
London. Kendall. 5 Gosport. Burney.
Paris and Havre. Arago. Quetelet.
St. Petersburg. Wisniewsky. Kupffer.
Fussen {Inset), Sweden, fyc. Muncke. 6
Copenhagen. Dau. 7
Boreham. Forster. Gosport. Burney. 8
Leipsic. Poggendorf. Stettin? Quetelet.
Fussen and Kasan. Kupffer. 10
.JWen.Quetelet. Canandaigua,X. T? Haves. 11
Paris. Fussen. Quetelet.
Finmark. Keilhau. Muncke. 12
Chamisso Island. Beechey. 18
Finmark. Keilhau. Quetelet and Muncke.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton. .Manchester.
Roxburghshire. Arago. Muncke. Quetelet.
New Tork. Hough.
Finmark. Keilhau. Quetelet and Muncke.
Gosport. Burney. Muncke.
Arago and Quetelet.
Finmark. Keilhau. Muncke.
Roxburghshire. Muncke. Quetelet. 14
Roxburghshire. Muncke. Quetelet.
Finmark. Keilhau. Quetelet and Muncke.
New Tork. Hough.
1 Amer. Journ. Sci. XIV.
2 Quart. Journ. Sci. 1827, p. 489. Edin. New Journ. Sci. III.
378, and XVII. 138.
8 Phil. Trans. 1829, p. 103.
* Annals of Phil. II. 395.
5 Quart. Journ. Sci. 1827, p. 385.
6 Kastn. Archiv. XIV.
' Ferussac. Bull. Univ. XI. 295.
8 Phil. Mag. III. 75.
9 Ferussac. Bib. Univ. IX. 191. Pogg. Ann. X. 512.
w Kastn. Archiv. XIII. 166.
11 Amer. Journ. Sci. XIV.
12 Pogg. Ann. XIV. 621.
13 A Narrative of a Voyage, p. 560.
» Ferussac. Bull. Univ. XII. 70. 'Edin. Jour. Sci. XV. 171.
((
9.
u
9.
a
9.
u
9.
u
9.
a
9.
a
9.
a
25.
a
25.
a
25.
a
25.
a
25.
a
25.
a
25.
ti
25.
a
25.
a
26.
a
26.
a
26.
«{
27.
u
28.
a
28.
it
28.
)ct
1.
u
6.
a
6.
u
16.
u
10.
u
17.
u
17.
11
18.
11
18.
u
19.
11
30.
<u\
r. 9.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
107
Nov. 9.
9.
" 11.
" 13.
" 18.
" 18.
" 18.
" 19.
" 19.
" 19.
" 22.
Dec. 1.
« 7.
« 8.
" 9.
" 10.
" 13.
" 17.
" 21.
" 24.
" 27.
" 27.
« 29.
" 31.
Jan. 1.
3.
" 4.
" 1G.
" 18.
■ 18.
" 19.
" 19.
" 20.
Feb. 3.
" 12.
" 17.
" 19.
Apr. 11.
" 12.
June 2.
« 5.
July 5.
New Haven. Herrick. Loomis.
Wilmington. Gibbon.
Finmark. Keilhau. Quetelet and Muncke.
Finmqrk. Keilhau. Quetelet and Muncke.
Wilmington. Gibbon. Gosport. Burney.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Roxburghshire. Arago and Quetelet. 1
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Finmark. Keilhau. Roxburghshire. Muncke
Arago and Quetelet.
Quetelet and Muncke
Quetelet and Muncke
Quetelet and Muncke
Finmark.
Finmark.
Finmark.
Denmark.
Finmark.
Finmark.
Finmark.
New York
Finmark.
Finmark.
Kendal.
Keilhau.
Keilhau.
Keilhau.
Dalton.
Keilhau. Quetelet and Muncke.
Keilhau. Quetelet and Muncke.
Quetelet and Muncke.
Keilhau.
Hough.
Keilhau.
Keilhau.
Marshall.
Quetelet and Muncke.
Quetelet and Muncke.
Muncke. Quetelet.' 2
Crumpsall. Blackwall. 3
Finmark. Keilhau. Quetelet and Muncke.
Finmark. Keilhau. Quetelet and Muncke.
Aug. 14.
" 14.
" 16.
Sept. 8.
12.
15.
15.
25.
26.
26.
26.
27.
27.
28.
29.
29.
29.
29.
29.
29.
30.
30.
1.
Oct.
1828.
Finmark. Keilhau.
Finmark. Keilhau.
Finmark. Keilhau.
Quetelet and Muncke.
Quetelet and Muncke.
Quetelet and Muncke.
New Haven
New York.
Wilmington.
New York.
New Haven
New York.
New York.
New Haven
New York.
Arago.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
G. Britain or Ireland.
Quetelet.
New York. Hough.
Mont Morillon. Arago
Loomis.
Olmsted.
Hough.
Gibbon. Arago.
Hough. Arago.
Herrick. Loomis.
Hough. Arago.
Hough. Arago.
Herrick. Loomis.
Hough.
Arago.
Arago.
Dalton.
Muncke.'
1 Edin. Journ. Sci. VIII. 171.
2 Edin. Journ. Sci. IX. 102. Phil. Trans. 1828, p. 301.
8 Mem. Lit. and Phil. Soc. Matn-hest. V. 82.
« Ann. Chcm. et Phys. XXXIX. 415.
" 3.
" 8.
« 9.
" 11.
" 15.
" 15.
" 16.
" 18.
" 19.
" 26.
" 29.
" 29.
" 30.
Nov. 8.
" 11.
" 11.
" 11.
New York. Hough. Arago.
New Haven. Herrick. Loomis.
New York. Hough. Arago.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
New York. Hough. Arago.
New York. Hough. Arago.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton. Arago.
Islay and Edinburgh. Quetelet and Muncke. 1
Gosport. 2 Burney.
New York. Hough. Arago.
New Haven. Herrick. Loomis.
Wilmington. Gibbon.
New York. Hough.
Wilmington. Gibbon. Arago.
Finmark. Keilhau. 8
New York. Hough.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Cornwall. Gilbert. Alford. Farqiiliarson. 4
Netherlands. Arago, Quetelet, and Muncke. 6
Near Stevenage. Kater. 6 Lynn Regis. Dtting.
Plymouth. Harvey. 7 Gosport. Burner.
New York. Hough.
Plymouth. Burney. Arago.
Finmark. Keilhau.
New York. Hough. Arago.
New York. Hough. Arago.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
New York. Hough. Arago.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Perth, Scotland. Muncke and Quetelet.*
Finmark. Keilhau. .
Finmark. Keilhau.
Finmark. Keilhau.
Christian's Sound. Graah. 9 Force.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Perth. Muncke, Arago, and Quetelet.
Finmark. Keilhau.
New York. Hough. Arago.
Finmark. Keilhau.
Tobolsk. Erman. 10 Muncke.
Arago and Quetelet.
> Edin. Journ. Sci. X. 177.
a Phil. Mag. IV. 392.
8 Pogg. Ann. XIV. 621.
4 Phil. Trans. 1829, p. 103, and 1839, p. 267.
6 Ann. Chem. et Phys. XXXIX. 418. Smyth's Cel.Cyc. 1. 1 66.
6 Phil. Mag. IV. 337.
7 Edin. Journ. Sci. X. 146.
8 Edin. Journ. Sci. X. 179.
9 Narrative of an Expedition, &c. p. 48.
10 Pogg. Ann. XXII. 550.
108
OS THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Nov. 13. Finmark. Keilhau.
' 19. Finmarh Keilhau.
" 22. Finmarh Keilhau.
Dec. 1. New York. Hough.
" 1. Sharon, Conn. Smith. Loomis.
" 1. St. Petersburg. Wisniewsky. Kupffer.
" 1. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton. 1
" 1. Manchester. Blackwall. London."
" 1. Finmark. Keilhau.
" 1. Russia. Erman. 3 Muncke.
' 1. Arago and Quetelet.
" 7. Finmark. Keilhau.
" 9. Finmark. Keilhau.
" 10. Finmark. Keilhau.
" 13. Finmark. Keilhau.
" 21. Finmark. Keilhau.
'• 22. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
" 24. Finmark. Keilhau.
" 26. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
" 26. Manchester. Blackwall. Gosport. Eurney.
" 26. Muncke, Arago, and Quetelet.
" 28. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
" 28. Arago and Quetelet.
29. Finmark. Keilhau.
" 31. Finmark. Keilhau.
1829.*
Jan. 1. Fin murk. Keilhau.
" 2. Kendal. Marshall. Muncke.
" 2. Arago and Quetelet.
" 3. Finmark. Keilhau.
" 4. Finmark. Keilhau.
" 27. New Turk. Hough. Arago.
" 28. Wilmington. Gibbon.
" 30. New York. Hough. Arago.
" 31. New York. Hough. Arago.
Feb. 11. Berlin. Humboldt. Muncke.
" 11. Arago and Quetelet.
Mar. 4. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
" 6. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
" 18. Wilmington. Gibbon.
" 21. Christian's Sound. Graah.
1 Quart. Journ. Sci. 1828, p. 449.
2 Phil. Mag. V. 77 and 153.
s Travels iu Siberia, I. 351.
4 Southern Greenland, Winter of 1828-9. "The northern
lights (Aurora Borealis),aremarkableand beautiful phenomenon
of which the inhabitants of the greater part of Europe can form
no adequate conception, are in Greenland and Iceland a thing of
every -day occurrence, &c." Graah's Narrative of an Expedition
&c. p. 52. Force's record of Auroral Phenomena, p. 50.
Mar. 22. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
" 23. England. Maclear. Muncke.
" 23. Arago and Quetelet.
" 27. Greenland. Graah. •
Apr. 4. Neiv York. Hough.
" 4. Dieppe. Arago, Muncke, and Quetelet. 1
" 5. New York. Hough. Arago.
" 8. New York. Hough. Arago.
" 12. Greenland. Graah.
May 2. Paris. Arago.
" 4. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
" 29. New York. Hough. Arago.
" 31. New York. Hough. Arago.
June 1. New York. Hough. Arago.
" 2. New York. Hough. Arago.
" 7. New York. Hough. Arago.
" 14. New York. Hough. Arago.
" 17. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
" 21. New York. Hough. Arago.
" 25. Kendal. Marshall.
" 25. Muncke and Quetelet.
July 25. G. Britain or Ireland.
" 25. Arago and Muncke.
Aug .23. Greenland. Graah.
" 25. New York. Hough
" 26. New York. Hough,
" 29. Berwickshire, England. Hough.
Septl3. New York. Feuchtwanger. 2
" 18. New York. Hough. Arago.
" 19. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
" 19. New York. Feuchtwanger.
" 19. Muncke, Arago, and Quetelet.
" 21. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
" 21. Alford. Farquharson.
" 21. Muncke, Arago, and Quetelet.
" 22. Aberdeenshire. Muncke.
" 22. Muncke, Arago, and Quetelet.
" 26. New York. Hough. Arago.
Oct. I. 8 Aberdeenshire. Farquharson.
" 1. Arago, Muncke, and Quetelet.
" 3. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
" 3. Muncke, Arago, and Quetelet.
" 6. Kendal. Muncke and Quetelet.
" 11. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
1 Compt. Eend. XLII. 357.
* Amer. Journ. Sei. XVIII. 393.
8 Graah was at Nakarbik, in Lat. 63° N. and Long. 41° W. from
October 1, 1829 to April 5, 1830 ; but he does not mention a sin-
gle appearance of the aurora. Force's Record of Auroral Phe-
nomena, p. 54.
Dalton.
Arago.
Arago.
OX THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
109
Oct. 11. Aberdeenshire. Muncke and Quetelet.
11. Alford. Farquharson.
15. Perth}
17. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
17. Muncke, Arago, and Quetelet.
18. Felix Harbor. Ross. 2
21. New York. Hough.
21. Felix Harbor. Ross. Arago.
24. New York. Hough. Arago.
25. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
25. Alford. Farquharson.
25. Muncke, Arago, and Quetelet.
27. Neic York. Hough. Arago.
29. Perth*
30. Arago ?
31. Felix Harbor. Ross.
Nov. 1. Felix Harbor. Ross.
9. New York. Hough. Arago.
17. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
17. Alford. Farquharson.
17. Muncke, Arago, and Quetelet.
18. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
18. Alford. Farquharson.
18. Muncke, Arago, and Quetelet.
19. New York. Hough.
19. G. Britain or Ii eland. Dalton.
19. Alford. Farquharson.
19. Muncke, Arago, and Quetelet.
21. Felix Harbor. Ross.
2-1. Felix Harbor. Ross.
25. Felix Harbor. Ross.
Dec. 2. Felix Harbor. Ross.
9. Felix Harbor. Ross.
14. G. Britain or Ireland.
14. Alford. Farquharson. 4
14. Muncke, Arago, and Quetelet
18. Felix Harbor. Ross.
19. New York. Hough.
19. New Haven. Herrick.
19. Felix Harbor. Ross.
19. Tullynessle. Paull.
19. Alford. Farquharson.
19. G. Britain or Ireland.
20. New Haven. Herrick.
20. G. Britain or Ireland.
Dalton.
Gosport.
Wilmington.
Loomis.
Arago.
Burney.
Gihhon.
Dalton. Dove. 6
Loomis.
Dalton.
1 Edin. Journ. Sci. X. 117.
2 Narrative of a Second Voyage, &c. p. 204.
3 Edin. Journ. X. 117.
4 Phil. Trans. 1330, p. 99. Phil. Mag. VII.
V,
:.20.
it
20.
ii
20.
a
24.
a
25.
a
28.
it
30.
Jan. 6.
" 24.
" 25.
" 25.
" 25.
" 27.
" 28.
" 28.
" 28.
Feb. 16.
" 18.
" 19.
" 19.
" 23.
" 24.
Mar. 15.
" 16.
" 18.
" 18.
" 18.
" 24.
" 24.
" 28.
" 31.
Apr. 15.
" 19.
" 19.
" 19.
" 19.
" 20.
" 21.
" 24.
" 25.
" 28.
May 2.
" 4.
Felix Harbor. Ross.
Alford. Farquharson. 1
Muncke, Arago, and Quetelet.
Felix Harbor. Ross.
Felix Harbor. Ross.
New York. Hough. Arago.
Felix Harbor. Ross.
1830.
Felix Harbor. Ross.
New York. Hough.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Alford. Farquharson.
Muncke, Arago, and Quetelet.
New York. Hough.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Alford. Farquharson.
Muncke and Quetelet.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough. Kendal. Marshall.
Arago, Muncke, and Quetelet.
New York. Hough.
St. Petersburg. Wisniewsky. Kupffer. 2
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
St. Petersburg. Wisniewsky. Kupffer.
Arago, Muncke, and Quetelet.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton. Arago.
Alford. Farquharson.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Sharon. Smith. Loomis.
New York. Hough.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Gosport. Burney. Bedford. White. 8
Arago, Muncke, and Quetelet.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton. Arago.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
i Phil. Trans. 1830, p. 104.
2 Mom. de l'Acad. St. Petcrsb. N. S. II. et IV.
8 Phil. Mag. VII. 464.
110
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
May 5. St. Petersburg. Kupffer. Muncke. 1
" 5. Arago and Quetelet.
" 5. St. Petersburg. Kupffer. 2
" 6. Wilmington. Gibbon.
" 9. New York. Hough.
" 10. New York. Hough.
" 11. New York. Hough.
" 13. New York. Hough.
" 14. New York. Hough. Wilmington. Gibbon.
" 15. New York. Hough. Wilmington. G.bbon.
" 19. New York. Hough.
" 22. New York. Hough.
June 9. New York. Hough.
" 10. Boston. Hale. Lovering.
" 10. Wilmington. Gibbon.
" 11. Boston. Hale. Lovering.
" 11. New York. Hough. Wilmington. Gibbon.
" 16. New York. Hough.
" 17. New York. Hough.
" 18. New York. Hough.
" 29. New York. Hough.
July 7. New York. Hough.
'• 14. New York. Hough. Wilmington. Gibbon.
" 14. Fayetteville, Vermont. Hough.
" 15. New York. Hough.
" 21. New York. Hough.
" 28. New York. Hough.
Aug. 8. New York. Hough.
" 10. New York. Hough.
" 11. New York. Hough.
" 12. New York. Hough.
" 13. New York. Hough.
" 15. Wilmington. Gibbon.
" 19. New York. Hough.
" 20. Wilmington. Gibbon. Gosport. Burney. 8
" 20. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
" 20. Arago, Muncke, and Quetelet.
" 21. New York. Hough.
" 25. New York. Hough.
" 26. New York. Hough.
« 28. New York. Hough.
" 29. New York. Hough.
Sept. 5. New York. Hough.
" 7. New York. Hough.
" 7. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
" 7. Bedford. White. Gosport. Burney.
i Mem. de l'Acad. St. Petersb. N. S. I.
2 Pogg. Ann. XVIII. 611.
8 PhU. Mag. Second Series, VIII. 316.
jPept. 7.
8.
8.
9.
10.
10.
11.
12.
12.
13.
13.
13.
15.
16.
17.
17.
17.
17.
18.
19.
19.
20.
21.
23.
24.
25.
5.
u
Oct.
5.
5.
5.
5.
6.
6.
7.
8.
9.
9.
10.
11.
13.
14.
15.
15.
16.
16.
16.
Dalton. Arago.
Dalton. Arago.
Arago, Muncke, and Quetelet.
G. Britain or Ireland^ Dalton. Quetelet.
Bedford. White. Gosport. Burney. 1
New York. Hough.
Neio York. Hough.
G. Britain or Ireland.
New York. Hough.
G. Britain or Ireland.
Wilmington. Gibbon.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
St. Petersburg. Kupffer.
Arago, Muncke, and Quetelet.
New York. Hough. Wilmington. Gibbon.
New York. Hough. Wilmington. Gibbon.
New York. Hough. Wilmington. Gibbon.
Bedford. White. Gosport. Burney.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton. Muncke.
St. Petersburg. Wisniewsky. Kupffer. Arago.
St. Petersburg. WisnieW9ky. Kupffer.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
St. Petersburg. Wisniewsky. Kupffer. Arago.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton. Ara<ro.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton. Arago.
St. Petersburg. Kupffer.
Scotland. Arago.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton. Arago.
New York. Hough.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Arago, Muncke, and Quetelet.
Bedford. White. Gosport. Burney.
Kendal. Hough.
New York. Hough.
At Sea. Lat. 44°. Long. 52°. Acosta. Arago.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New Ycrk. Hough.
Cambridge, England.
New York. Hough.
New York
New York
New York.
New York
Wilmington.
Hough.
Gibbon.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
S/ielland Islands. Hough 2 .
New York. Hough.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Arago, Muncke, and Quetelet.
1 Phil. Mag. IX. 393.
2 Results of a series of Meter. Observ. &c.,
New York, &c, p. 474.
in the State of
ON THE PERIODICITV OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Ill
Oct. 16. Bedford. White. Gosporl. Burney. 1
" 17. New York. Hough.
" 17. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton. Arago.
" 17. Bedford. White. Gosport. Burney. Quetelet.
" 18. St. Petersburg. Wisniewsky. Kupffer.
" 22. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
" 22. St. Petersburg." Wisniewsky. Kupffer.
" 27. New Tori: Hough.
" 28. New York. Hough.
Nov. 1. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
" 1. Arago, Muncke, and Quetelet.
" 1. Bedford. White. Gosport. Burney.
" 1. Boston, England.
" 3. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
" 4. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
" 4. Bedford. White. Gosport. Burney.
" 4. Arago, Muncke, and Quetelet.
" 7. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
" 7. Bedford. White. Gosport. Burney. 8
" 7. Arago, Muncke, and Quetelet.
" 9. New York. Hough.
" 10. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
" 14. Sheriff's Bag. Ross.
" 19. New York. Hough.
" 20. New Haven. Olmsted. Loomis.
" 20. New York. Hough.
" 21. New York. Hough.
Dec. I. 4
" 6. New York. Hough.
" 7. New York. Hough.
" 7. Christiania. Hansteen. Muncke.
" 7. Marburg. Von Mons. Warsaw*
" 7. Arago, Muncke, and Quetelet.
" 8. St. Petersburg. Wisniewsky. Kupffer.
" 10. New York. Hough.
" 11. Boston. Hale. Lovering.
" 11. Newberg, Vt. Johnson. 6 New York. Hough.
" 11. Sharon, Conn. Smith. Loomis.
" 11. Wilmington. Gibbon.
" 11. G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton. Ara^o.
" 11. Bedford. White. Gosport. Burney.
" 11. Arago, Muncke, and Quetelet.
" 12. New York. Hough. Wilmington. Gibbon.
> Phil. Mag. VIII. 465.
2 The observations at St. Petersburgh from 1824 to 1834 were
made by Wisniewsky and published by Kupffer.
» Phil. Mag. IX. 79.
* Kastn. Arcliiv. XX. 376.
6 Kastn. Archiv. XX. 375-6.
e Reports of Regents of New York, &c.
Dec
12.
it
12.
u
12.
it
12.
u
13.
CI
13.
tt
14.
tl
14.
u
14.
li
15.
a
16.
a
22.
it
25.
tt
25.
ti
25.
tt
30.
Jan.
Feb.
Sharon, Conn. Smith. Loomis.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Bedford. White. Gosport. Burney.
Arago, Muncke, and Quetelet.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Bedford. White. Gosport. Burney. Quetelet.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Gosport. Burney. Bedford. White.
Warsaw. Kastner. Quetelet.
St. Petersburg. Wisniewsky. Kupffer.
Sheriff's Bay. Ross.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Arago, Muncke, and Quetelet.
Gosport. Burney. Kendal. Hough.
Kendal. Hough.
1831.
o. 1
6.
6.
6.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
8.
8
8.
10.
10.
11.
11.
14.
14.
15.
16.
21.
6.
Gibbon.
Gibbon.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
New York. Hough. Wilmington.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Gosport. Burney.
New York. Hough. Wilmington.
Bedford. White. Gosport. Burney. Brussels. 1
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton. 8
Geneva. Wartman. Paris. Arago. 4
Spain. Eyero. Rico. Woolwich. Sturgeon. 5
Utrecht. Moll. Krankfurt. Kastner. Quetelet. 6
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Gosport. Burney. Quetelet.
Woolwich. Sturgeon. Bedford. White.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Gosport. Burney.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Gosport. Burney. Bedford.
New York. Hough.
At Sea. Quetelet. 7
At Sea. Quetelet.
At Sea. Quetelet.
G. Britain or Ireland.
New York. Hough.
Quetelet.
White.
Dalton.
Wilmington.
Gibbon.
1 Ross remarks that he had scarcely noticed an aurora duriDg
the whole winter. Force's Record, &c. p. 86.
2 Fenissac. Bull. Univ. XVX 148.
8 Phil. Mag. IX. 233.
♦ Bib. Univ. XLVI.
5 Phil. Mag. IX. J27.
6 Femssac. Bull. Univ. XVI.
and Kastn. Archiv. XXI.
7 Compt. Rend. II. 329.
89. Schweigg. Jahr. LXI.
112
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Burney. 1
Dalton.
Gosport.
Dalton.
Wilmington. Gibbon.
Dalton.
Sharon. Smith. Loomis.
New York. Hough.
Sheriff's Harbor. Ross.
Sheriff's Harbor. Ross.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
New York. Hough.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
New York. Hough.
Sheriff's Harbor. Ross.
New York. Hough.
Sheriff's Harbor. Ross.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
G. Britain or Ireland,
New York. Hough.
G. Britain or Ireland.
New York. Hough.
Gosport. Burney.
G. Britain or Ireland.
St. Petersburg. Wisniewsky. Kupffer. 2
New York. Hough.
FayetteviUe, Vermont. Hough.
Buchhoh. Pastorff. Arago.
Sheriff's Harbor. Ross.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton. .
Gosport. Bumey. *SSf. Petersburg. Kupffer. 8
New York. Hough.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
St. Petersburg. Wisniewsky. Kupffer.
New York. Hough.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
St. Petersburg. Wisniewsky. Kupffer.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Paris ? Arago.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Sharon, Conn. Smith. Loomis.
i Phil. Ma ? . IX.
2 Mem. de l'Acad. St Petersb. IV.
8 Mem. de l'Acad. St. Petersb. III.
Feb.
6.
u
7.
u
7.
tt
8.
a
11.
tt
14.
ft
14.
tt
17.
Mar
1.
u
1.
tt
2.
ft
2.
U
3.
u
5.
a
6.
tt
6.
ft
7.
u
7.
tt
8.
..
8.
ft
8.
a
8.
a
9.
tt
9.
tt
9.
it
9.
tt
10.
tt
11.
a
11.
tt
11.
c<
12.
«
12.
ft
12.
c<
13.
u
15.
(c
1G.
ft
18.
ft
20.
ft
24.
Apt
. 1.
ft
2.
ft
3.
«
12.
tt
18.
<(
19.
«
19.
Apr. 19.
" 19.
" 19.
" 19.
" 20.
" 20.
" 20.
" 23.
" 30.
May 7.
" 8.
" 15.
" 30.
" 30.
June 1.
" 2.
" 10.
" 11.
" 1G.
•• 17.
" 21.
July 1.
" 2.
3.
" 4.
" 5.
" 6.
« 8.
9.
" 10.
" 12.
" 30.
" 31.
3.
4.
" 5.
6.
" 19.
Sept. 9.
" 12.
" 12.
« 13.
Oct. 23.
" 24.
" 29.
Au
Dalton.
Wilmington. Gibbon.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Gosport. Burney. London. Portsmouth.
St. Petersburg. Wisniewsky. Kupffer.
Berlin. Kastner. Arago. 1
New York. Hough. Wilmington. Gibbon.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Gosport. Burney. Kilzingen. Kastner. 2
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Wilmington. Gibbon.
New York. Hough.
G. Britain or Ireland.
Gosport. Burney.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough. Wilmington. Gibbon.
New York. Hough. Wilmington. Gibbon.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Gosport. Burney.
New York. Hough.
Italy. Fea. Boue.
Italy. Fea. Boue.
Italy. Fea. Boue.
New York. Hough.
Albany, N. Y. Henry. 3
New York. Hough.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Gosport. White.
St. Petersburg. Wisniewsky. Kupffer.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough. Wilmington. Gibbon.
Wilmington. Gibbon.
Wilmington. Gibbon.
i Kastn. Archiv. XXI. 85.
2 Kastn. Archir. XXI. 85.
» Phil. Mag. X. 78.
4 Amer. Journ. Sri. XXII. 143 and 155.
ON THE TEUIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
113
Nov. 29.
" 29.
Dec. 9.
" 22.
Jan. 8.
" 22.
" 27.
Feb. 2.
Mar. 26.
" 27.
Apr. 10.
" 19.
" 21.
" 24.
" 28.
May 12.
" 29.
" 31.
June 1.
" 2.
" 20.
" 27.
Aug. 12.
" 22.
" 23.
« 23.
" 24.
Sept. 1.
" 16.
" 17.
" 23.
« 23.
" 30.
Oct. 7.
" 12.
" 30.
" 31.
Nov. 1.
" 4.
" 13.
" 14.
" 15.
« 27.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Gosport. Burni'v. 1
New York. Hough. Arago.
Paris ? Arago.
1832.
Victoria Harbor. Ross.
New York. Hougli. Wilmington. Gibbon.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Giengen. Binder. 2
New York.
Neic York.
New York.
New York.
Neic York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
Neic York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hougli.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Wilmington. Gibbon.
Sharon, Conn. Smith. Loomis.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough. Wilmington. Gibbon.
New York. Hough. Wilmington. Gibbon.
Sharon, Conn. Smith. Loomis.
New York. Hough.
New Tork. Hough.
New York. Hough.
England. Hough.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Gosport. Burney. Smedley. Potter. 3
New York. Hough. Wilmington. Gibbon,
New York. Hough.
England. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Nova Zembla. Hough.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
St. Petersburg. Wisniewsky. Kupffer. 4
Wilmington. Gibbon.
New York. Hough.
Providence, R. I. Caswell. 5
i Phil. Mag. X. 471.
2 Kastn. Archiv. XXIII. 319.
8 Phil. Mag. Third Series, II. 233 anrl 315.
* Mem. de l'Acad. St. Petersb. III. Bull. Sci. I. pp.
6 Meter. Observ. at Prov. in Smith. Contrib. XII.
VOL. X.
Dec. 21.
" 21.
Jan. 2.
" 19.
Feb. 11.
" 18.
" 19.
Mar. 13.
" 13.
" 13.
" 13.
" 17.
" 21.
" 21.
" 21.
" 23.
Apr. 23.
" 24.
" 26.
May 7.
" 16.
" 17.
" 17.
" 18.
June 14.
" 17.
" 29.
July 10.
" 10.
" 12.
" 13.
Aug. 1.
" 6.
" 6.
" 15.
" 21.
Sept. 1.
1.
« 2.
" 5.
« 6.
" 7.
Dalton.
Dalton.
Dalton. 3
Airy. 8
Dalton.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Newcastle-on-Tgiie. Potter. 1 Gosport. Burner.
1833.
Wilmington. Gibbon.
New York. Hougli.
G. Britain or Ireland.
G. Britain or Ireland.
G. Britain or Ireland.
< 'ambridge, England.
G. Britain or Ireland.
Nora Zembla. Hough.
St. Petersburg. Wisniewsky.
New York. Hough.
Wilmington. Gibbon. Quetclet.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Edinburgh. Forbes. Ireland. Robinson, 4 &c.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Loomis.
Kupffer.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New Haven.
New York.
New York.
Wilmington.
New York.
New York.
New Haven.
Netc York.
Wilmington. Gibbon.
York.
Hough.
Hough.
Gibbon.
Hough.
Hough.
Loomis.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Wilmington. Gibbon.
New York
New York.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
New York. Hough.
St. Petersburg. Wisniewsky. Kupffer.
New York. Hough.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough. Nova Zembla. Houj
New York. Hough.
-11-14.
i Phil. Mag. II. Third Series, 233.
2 March, 1833. No Aurora Borealis had been seen; and, in-
deed, we had scarcely noticed one the whole winter. Ross's Nar-
rative of a Second Voyage, &c. p. 694. Force, p. 90.
3 Phil. Mag. Third Series, II. 315.
1 Proc. Brit. Assoc. II. 401.
15
114
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Oct.
Sept. 10.
" 12.
" 13.
" 15.
« 17.
•' 17.
" 17.
" 17.
" 18.
" 22.
" 23.
" 25.
4.
5.
12.
12.
12.
13.
14.
16.
27.
28.
2.
" 3.
" 6 ;
" 7.
" 8.
« 10.
" 11.
" 12.
« 12.
" 13.
" 13.
" 14.
" 18.
" 19
" 20.
" 21.
" 23.
" ar.
Dec. 3.
6.
« 7.
Nov
New York. Hough.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
New York. Hough.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Cambridge. Airy. York. Phillips, &C. 1
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
Brussels. Quetelet. 1
St. Petersburg. Wisniewsky. Kupffer.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Cambridge. Airy. Armagh. Robinson, &c 8
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton. Quetelet.
.S7. Petersburg. Wisniewsky. Kupffer.
New York. Hough. Wilmington. Gibbon.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Great Slare Lake. Hough.
Great Slave Lake. Hough.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.' 1
New York. Hough. Fort Reliance. Back.
F n-t Reliance. Back and King.
Back and King.
Back and King.
Back and King.
Back and King.
Back and King.
Quetelet.
Loomis. 5
Fort Reliance.
Fori Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Brussels.
New Haren.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Cuba. Poey. 6
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
Back and King.
Back and King.
Back and King.
Back and King.
Back and King.
Back and King.
Back and King.
Back and King.
Back and Kin";.
1 Proc. Brit. Assoc. II. 4S6. Chart. Edin.'New Phil. Journ.
XVI. 36.
« Annal. de l'Observ. XI. 42.
8 Proc. Brit. Assoc. II. 4S6.
4 Narrative of the Arctic Land Expedition, and Hough's Cat.
6 Amer. Journ. Sci. XXV. 3S4.
6 Amer. Journ. Sci. N. S. XXVIII. 404.
Dec. 10.
Fort Reliance,.
Back and King.
H
n.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
tt
12.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
U
15.
Wilmington. Gibbon.
u
15.
Fort Reliance.
Back and Kin";.
ti
16.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
it
17.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
tt
19.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
tt
20.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
it
22.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
tt
25.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
tt
29.
New York. Hough.
u
29.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
it
29.
Alford. Farquharson. 1
ti
30.
New York. Hough.
tt
30.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
u
31.
Fort Reliance.
Back and Kiug.
1834.
Jan
1.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
u
2.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
a
3.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
u
4.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
a
5.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
tt
5.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
it
6.
Furt Reliance.
Back and King.
ti
7.
New York. Hough.
a
7.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
a
8.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
a
9.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
a
10.
New York. Hough.
a
10.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
tt
11.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
tt
12.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
a
13.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
a
14.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
«
15.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
a
15.
Brussels. Quetelet.
a
16.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
tt
17.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
it
18.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
tt
19.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
tt
20.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
a
21.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
Li
22.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
tt
23.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
a
27.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
a
28.
New York. Hough.
l Phil. Trans. 1S39, p. 267.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
110
Jan
28.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
Apr.
4.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
u
29.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
u
5.
New York. Hough.
ti
30.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
it
5.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
a
31.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
M
6.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
Feb
. 1.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
11
8.
Fort Reliance.
Back and Bang.
it
U
4.
6.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
Back and King.
11
It
9.
10.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
Back and King.
u
7.
7.
New York. Hough.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
11
11
11.
13.
Fort Reliance.
New York. II
Back and King.
ough.
a
8.
New York. Hough.
11
14.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
u
u
8.
9.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
Back and King.
11
11
15.
16.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Back and K'iiiL'.
Back and King.
u
10.
11.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
Back and King.
11
11
17.
18.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
Back and King.
u
u
13.
14.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
Back and King.
At
If
19.
24.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
Back and King.
u
15.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
ft
25.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
u
16.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
ft
26.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
a
20.
G. Britain or Ireland. Dalton.
ft
27.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
tt
26.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
ft
29.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
a
28.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
11
30.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
Mai
. 2.
3.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
May
it
1.
3.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
New York. Hough.
it
3.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
June 28.
Brussels. Que
telet.
it
u
CI
4.
5.
5.
New York. Hough.
Neva York. Hough. Nercherry. Johnson.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
July
U
Aug
27.
28.
.11.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
II
(1
6.
7.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
u
a
12.
31.
United States. Quetelet. 1
New York. Hough.
II
f£
8.
8.
New York. H
Fort Reliance.
ough.
Back and King.
Sept. 2.
6.
New York. Hou^'h.
Nova Zembla. Hough.
11
II
9.
9.
New York. Hough.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
it
Oct.
30.
1.
St. Petersburg. Wisniewskj. Kupffer.
New York. Hough.
ft
10.
New York. Hough.
tt
3.
New York. Hough.
u
11.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
u
4.
New York. H
ough.
II
12.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
ii
5.
New York. Hough.
ii
14.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
u
6.
New York. Hough.
u
18.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
it
8.
New York. Hough.
(i
19.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
it
22.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
II
20.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
a
23.
New York. Hough.
(I
21.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
ti
26.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
-
it
26.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
ii
27.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
u
27.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
a
29.
New York. H
ough.
CI
28.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
Nov
. 2.
New York. Hough.
11
29.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
u
2.
Nets linen. Loomis.
CI
30.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
u
3.
New York. II
ough.
11
31.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
u
3.
Manchester. Dalton. Moseley. Jame?. &
■-
Apr
it
ii
. 1.
2.
Q
O.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
Back and King.
Back and King.
« 3.
i Monal
2 Mem.
St. Petersburg. Wisniewsky. Kupffer.
. Corr. X.
Lit. and Phil. Soc. Manchest. VX 617.
11G
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Nov. 3. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 5. New Haven. Loomis.
" 6. New Haven. Loomis.
" 6. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 7. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 10. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 11. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 1 2. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 13. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 19. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 19. Nova Zentbla. Pakhtoussoff. Kupffer. 1
" 20. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 20. Nova Zembla. Pakhtoussoff. Kupffer.
" 21. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 22. Nova Zembla. Pakhtoussoff. Kupffer.
" 23. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 23. Nova Zembla. Pakhtoussoff. Kupffer.
" 25. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 25. Nova Zembla. Pakhtoussoff. Kupffer.
" 27. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 28. New Haven. Loomis.
" 28. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 29. Nova Zembla. Pakhtoussoff. Kupffer.
" 30. Nova Zembla. Pakhtoussoff. Kupffer.
Dec. 1. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 2. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 2. Nova Zembla. Pakhtoussoff. Kupffer.
" 3. New York. Hough.
" 3. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 4. New York. Hough. New Haven. Loomis.
" 4. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 5. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 6. New Haven. Loomis.
" 6. Nova Zembla. Pakhtoussoff. Kupffer.
" 6. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 7. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 8. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 9. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 9. Nora Zembla. Pakhtoussoff. Kupffer.
" 10. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
. " 12. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 14. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 15. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 16. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 18. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 19. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 20. New York. Hough.
" 20. Fort Reliance. Back and King.
" 21. Neiv York. Hough. New Haven. Loomis.
i Aniiuaire Magnet, et Meter, de Russie.
Dec. 21.
" 22.
" 22.
" 22.
" 23.
" 23.
" 24.
" 25.
" 2G.
; 27.
28.
29.
; 30.
: 31.
Jan. 1.
2.
" 3.
« 4.
" 4.
" 5.
6.
" 10.
" 14.
" 15.
" 16.
" 18.
" 18.
" 23.
" 24.
» 24.
" 25.
" 26.
" 27.
" 28.
" 29.
" 29.
" 29.
" 29.
" 30.
" 31.
" 31.
Feb. 1.
« 1.
" 2.
2.
" 3.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
New York. Hough. New Haven. Loorai
Woolwich. Sturgeon. 1
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
New York. Hough. New Haven. Loomi
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
Fur! Reliance.
Back and King.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
1835.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
New York. Hough.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
New York. Hough.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Back and King.
Back and King.
Back and King.
Back and King.
New York. Hough.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
Nova Zembla. Pakhtoussoff. Kupffer.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
New York. Hough.
New Haven. Loomis. Providence. Caswell.
Hanover, New Hampshire. Hough.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
New York. Hough.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
Nova Zembla. Pakhtoussoff. Kupffer.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
Nova Zembla. Pakhtoussoff. Kupffer.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
l Phil. Mag. VI. Third Series, 230.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
117
Feb. 3.
" 4.
4.
" 5.
" 6.
" 7.
" 7.
" 8.
" 14.
" 24.
" 25.
" 25.
" 26.
" 26.
" 27.
" 27.
" 28.
Mar. 1.
" 2.
" 3.
« 4.
" 5.
6.
" 14.
" 15.
" 16.
« 17.
" 18.
« 30.
Apr. 17.
June 21.
" 28.
July 29.
Aug. 19.
" 22.
Sept. 4.
" 4.
" 7.
" 9.
" 22.
" 2:;.
" 24.
" 2G.
Oct. 18.
" 27.
Nov. 17.
" 17.
Pakhtoussoff. Kupffer.
Back and King.
Pakhtoussoff. Kupffer.
Pakhtoussoff. Kupffer.
Back and King.
Araso.
Nova Zembla.
Fort Reliance.
Nova Zembla.
Nova Zembla.
Fort Reliance.
England. Hough.
Prussia. Feldt. 1
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
New York. Hough.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
New Fori: Plough.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
New York. Hough.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
New York. Hough.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
Fort Reliance. Back and King.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
Fort Reliance.
New York.
New York.
New York.
Neio York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
Philadelphia
Back and King.
Back and King.
Back and King.
Back and King.
Back and King.
Back and King.
Back and King.
Back and King.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough. New Haven.
. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Forli, Roman Slates. Hough.
■ New York. Hough.
Boston. Hale. Lovering.
Newberry. Johnson. New York.
Loomis.
Nov.17.
" 17.
" 17.
" 18.
" 18.
" 18.
" 18.
" 18.
" 18.
" 19.
" 26.
Dec. 10.
" 10.
" 11.
" 21.
Feb. 11.
" 17.
" 22.
Mar. 17.
Apr. 8.
" 11.
" 12.
" 18.
" 18.
" 19.
" 20.
" 21.
" 22.
" 22.
" 22.
« 22.
« 22.
" 23.
" 24.
May 7.
New Haven. Loomis. 1 Providence. Caswell.
Ashurst. Snow. Danse. Stevenson. 2
Prussia. Arago. 8
Boston. Hale. Lovering.
Providence, R. I. Caswell.
New York. Hough. Neio Haven. Loomis.
Edinburgh. Galbraith. 4 JJunse. Stevenson.
Woohvich. Sturgeon. Armagh. Robinson. 6
Hough.
» Pore. Ann. XXXV. 378.
France. Arago.
Quetelet.
Quetelet.
Newberry. Johnson.
Brussels. Quetelet.
New York. Hough
New York. Hough,
New York. Hough,
New Haven. Loomis. 6
Canada. Bonnycastle. 7
New Haven. Loomis.
1836.
New York. Hough.
Newberry. Johnson.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
United States. Bache. 8
At Sea. Quetelet. 9
New York. Hough. Quetelet.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough. Maryland.
Boston. Hale. Lovering.
Newberry. Johnson. Providence. Caswell.
New Haven. Loomis. 10
High Barns near Sunderland. Ettrick. 11
Lai. 46°. Long. 44°. Duhamel. Arago.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Providence. Caswell.
i Amer. Journ. Sci. XXIX. 388.
2 Phil. Mag. Third Series, VI. 21.
8 Phil. Mag. Third Series, XIX. 579.
4 Edin. New Phil. Journ. XX. 205.
6 Phil. Mag. VIII. Third Series, 134, &c. Nov. 16, printed by
mistake. See p. 236. Proc. Brit. Assoc. V. 32. Phil. Trans.
1836, p. 31.
6 Amer. Jonrn. Sei. XXXII. 217.
' Amer. Journ. Sci. XXX. 132.
6 Bull. del'Aead. Brux. IV.
9 Compt. Rend. III. 519.
>° Amer. Journ. Sci. XXXI. 85.
" Phil. Mag. Third Series, IX. 74.
118
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
May 8.
8.
" 13.
" 19.
« 20.
June 1.
" 4.
5.
« 7.
" 8.
" 9.
" 10.
" 11.
" 12.
" 13.
July 3.
" 6.
" 10.
" 12.
" 16.
" 19.
" 23.
" 27.
» 30.
" 31.
" 31.
Aug. 1.
" 2.
« 2.
4.
- 10.
" 11.
" 11.
« 12.
« 13.
" 14.
" 15.
" 16.
" 17.
" 19.
" 21.
" 30.
Sept.13.
New York. Hough. New Haven
Canada. Bonnycastle.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough. Quetelet.
Bache. 2
New York. Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Olmsted. Loomis.
Hough.
Hough. Providence.
. Olmsted. Loomis.
Hough.
Loomis. 1
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
Netv York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
Neio York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New Haven
Neio York.
New York.
New Haven
New York.
Byde, Me of Wight? M. F.
New York. Hough.
G. Britain.
Newberry.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
Providence.
Newberry.
New York.
Providence. Caswell.
Providence. Caswell.
Caswell.
Traill. 4
Johnson. New Haven.
Hough. Port Henry.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Caswell.
Johnson.
Hough.
Loomis. 6
Redfield. 6
1 Amer. Jotim Sci. XXXII. 224.
2 Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. IV. 72.
8 Phil. Mag. Third Series, IX. 230.
4 Proc. Brit. Assoc. V. 82.
6 Amer. Journ. Sci. XXXII. 220.
6 Amer. Journ. Sci. XXXIII. 302.
Sept
.15.
New York. Hough.
u
20.
New York. Hough.
u
29.
Dublin, Ireland. Mallet. 1
Oct.
10.
New York. Hough.
u
11.
Dublin and Leominster. Gilks. 2
it
15.
New York. Hough.
u
18.
St. Petersburg. Parrot. KupfTer. 8
it
18.
Brussels. Quetelet. Berlin.* Dorpat. Struve.
a
18.
France and Italy. Arago. Spain. Rico.
ft
20.
New York. Hough.
u
22.
At Sea. Lat. 40°N. Long. 3d°B. Darondeau. 6
u
23.
Netv York. Hough.
Nov
. 1.
New York. Hough.
u
2.
New York. Hough.
a
4.
New York. Hough.
it
5.
Ouessant. Darondeau.
a
8.
New York. Hough
a
9.
New York. Hough.
a
13.
New York. Hough.
u
15.
Brest?
a
17.
Bache.'
Dec
. 8.
New York. Hough.
1837.
Jan. 2. New Haven. Herrick. Loomis.
" 14. New York. Hough.
" 23. Methye Biver. Lat. 56°. Long.WG.° Simpson.
" 24. New York. Hough. Quetelet.
" 25. New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
" 25. New Haven. Loomis. 8
" 25. Near Bermuda. L. 22°N.Lg. 57. JF. Emmcti.*
" 25. Newberry. Johnson.
" 26. New York. Hough.
" 26. Newberry. Johnson.
Feb. 17. New York. Hough.
" 18. New Haven. Loomis. 10
" 18. Brussels. Quetelet. Gottingen.
" 18. France. Darlu. Arago.
» Phil. Mag. Third Series, X. 75 &c.
2 Phil. Mag. Third Series, X. 76-7.
8 Me'm. de l'Acad. St. Petersb. III. 469.
4 Pogg. Ann. XXIX. 201. Edin. New Phil. Journ. XXIV. 222.
6 Compt. Rend. V. 847.
6 Compt. Rend. V. 847.
' Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. IV. 72.
8 Amer. Journ. Sci. XXXII. 177.
9 Amer. Journ. Sci. XII. 42. Phil. Mag. Third Series, XII. 42.
1° Amer. Journ. Sci. XXXII. 396.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
119
Feb. 18.
" 18.
" 18.
" 18.
" 25.
Mar. 1.*
" 3.
" 9.
" 10.
« 29.
" 29.
" 30.
Apr. 5.
" 6.
" G.
*' 6.
6.
" 6.
" 7.
" 8.
" 10.
" 21.
" 21.
" 25.
" 27.
May 6.
" 19.
" 27.
" 30.
" 31.
June 1.
" 2.
" 2.
" 3.
" 24.
" 24.
July 1.
" 1.
Ashhurst. Snow. Dublin. Lloyd. 1
Makerstoun. Brisbane. Forli. Matteucei. 2
Sidmouth. Heineken. Belfast. Stevelly. 8
Catharinebourg. KupfFer.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hougli.
New York. Hough. Edinburgh. Necker. 5
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis. 6
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New Tork. Hough.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Newberry. Johnson.
France. Morren. Germany. Quetelet.
Arago.
Christiania.
Chrisliania.
Cltristiania.
New York.
New York.
New Haven.
New York.
New York.
New Haven.
England. Christie. 8
New York. Hough.
New Tork.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New Haven
New York.
Vermont Hough.
England. Christie. 9
Boston. Hale. Lovering.
New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell
Hansteen.'
Hansteen.
Hansteen.
Hough.
Hough. Neivberry. Johnson.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough.
Hough.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Herrick.
HoukIi.
Newton and Loomis.
i Tliil. Mag. Third Scries, XII. 98.
s Phil. Mag. Third Series, X. 494.
8 Athenajum, 1837, p. 42.
4 An aurora was seen in Spain in the spring of 1837. Me'm.
de l'Acad. Cienc. Madrid. III. 77.
» Ann. Chem. et Phys. Third Scries, I. 271.
6 From Merrick's Auroral Register, published in the Trans.
Conn. Acad. I. 9.
' Nouv. Mem. de l'Acad. Brux. XX. 103. Bull, de l'Acad.
Brux. XXI. l*t. I. 282 &c.
8 Proc. Brit. Assoc. VI. 29.
8 Amer. Journ. Sci. XXXIV. 19. Proc. Brit. Assoc. VI. 29.
July 1.
1.
" 1.
" 2.
2.
" 3.
" 7.
" 25.
" 29.
" 29.
" 31.
Aug. 3.
" 17.
" 25.
" 25.
" 25.
" 26.
" 27.
" 27.
" 28.
" 28.
" 28.
" 29.
" 31.
Sept. 3.
" 3.
" 6.
" 6.
" 7.
" 8.
" 9.
" 11.
" 18.
" 20.
" 20.
" 20.
" 21.
" 21.
" 21.
" 22.
" 22.
" 23.
" 23.
" 23.
" 23.
" 24.
" 24.
1 Proc.
2 Proc
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Virginia, N Carolina, and Georgia. Hough.
England. Christie. 1
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. England. Christie.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
England. Christie.
New York. Hough.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Hough.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough.
Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
England. Christie. 2 Christiania. Hansteen.
New York. Hough.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hansteen.
Hough.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hansteen.
Hough.
Hansteen.
Kupffer.
Hansteen.
Hough.
Hansteen.
Hough.
Hansteen.
Hansteen.
Kupffer.
New Haven.
Burlington.
New York.
New Haven.
New York.
New York.
Neiv Haven.
New Haven.
Cltristiania.
New York.
New Haven.
Cltristiania.
New York.
Christiania.
Yakoutsk.
Christiania.
New York.
Christiania.
New York.
Christiania.
Christiania.
Yakoutsk.
New York.
New Haven.
Neio York.
Christiania.
New Haven.
New York.
Christiania.
Hough. Yakoutsk. Hough.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough.
Hansteen.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Hansteen.
New Haven? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Brussels. Quetelet.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough.
Christiania. Hansteeen.
Hamburg. Robert. Arago and Quetelet.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Brit. Assoc. VI. 29.
Brit. Assoc. VI. 29.
120
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Sept.27. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 28. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 29. Southampton. Longhland. Herrick. N. and L.
« 30. New York. Hough.
Oct. 5. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 5. Kaafiord, Finmark. Thomas. 1
" 6. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Lootnis.
" 6. New York. Hough.
" 6. St. Petersburg. Kupffer. Huggate. Rankin. 2
" 6. Kaafiord. Thomas.
" 8. Kaafiord. Thomas.
" 18. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 18. Paris. Mandl. Dunse. Stevenson.
" 18. St. Petersburg and Zlaloouste. Kupffer.
" 18. Stockholm. Hough. YakoiUsk. Kupffer.
" 18. Arago and Quetelet.
" 19. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 19. Kaafiord. Thomas.
" 21. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 21. Kaafiord. Thomas.
" 22. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
"■ 22. Neic York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
" 23. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 25. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 26. Kaafiord. Thomas.
" 30. Kaafiord. Thomas.
Nov. 1. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
« 1. Kaafiord. Thomas.
" 4. New York. Hough.
" 5. Norfolk, Conn. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 5. New York. Hough.
" 5. Kaafiord. Thomas.
" 12. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 12. New York. Hough. Ashurst. Snow.
" 12. Brussels. Quetelet. Dunse. Stevenson.
" 12. France and Italy. Arago.
" 13. New York. Hough.
" 14. New Haven? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 14. New York. Hough.
" 14. South Carolina and Georgia. Hough.
" 14. G. Britain. Hough. Yakoutsk. Kupffer.
" 14. Christiania. Hansteen. Kaafiord. Thomas.
" 15. Yakoutsk. Kupffer. Kaafiord. Thomas.
" 15. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 17. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 18. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
i Observ. Magnet. Comm. Nord.
2 Proc. Brit. Assoc. XV. 15.
8 Amer. Journ. Sci. XXXIV. 267.
Dec,
Nov. 18.
" 19.
" 20.
" 21.
" 23.
" 24.
" 26.
" 30.
" 30.
1.
1.
1.
2.
2.
2.
3.
4.
5.
11.
12.
19.
19.
28.
30.
Jan.
3.
4.
5.
5.
9.
11.
13.
15.
15.
16.
16.
16.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
24.
24.
25.
Yakoutsk. Kupffer. Kaafiord. Thomas.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
Boston. Hale. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Catharinebourg. 1 Kupffer.
< 'hrisliania. Hansteen.
Kaafiord. Thomas. Quetelet.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
Boston. Hale. Lovering.
Neio Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
Copenhagen. Hough.
( 'hrisliania. Hansteen.
Yakoutsk. Kupffer.
New Haven. Herrick. Newfon and Loomis.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
1838.
Kaafiord. Thoma>.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Kaafiord. Thomas.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough.* Kaafiord. Thomas.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
St. Petersburg and Yakoutsk. 1 Kupffer.
Catharinebourg. Kupffer.
Kaafiord. Thomas. Zlaloouste} Kupffer.
Yakoutsk.
Kaafiord.
New York.
Kaafiord.
Kaafiord.
Kaafiord.
Kupffer.
Thomas.
Hough.
Thomas.
Thomas.
Thomas.
Kaafiord.
Kaafiord.
Thomas.
Thomas.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
1 Annuaire Magnet, et Meter, de Russie.
ON TIIE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
121
Jan
.25.
Yakotitsk. Kupffer.
Apr
. 12.
New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson
II
28.
Neio Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
it
12.
Christiania. Hansteen.
(1
28.
St. Petersburg' 2 and Yakoutsh. 1 Kupffer.
ii
13.
Christiania. Hansteen.
((
29.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
ii
15.
New York. Hough.
((
30.
Kaajiord. Thomas.
it
17.
Christiania. Hansteen.
(I
31.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
it
19.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Fel
.. 3.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
ii
29.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis
u
4.
Providence, R. I. Caswell.
it
29.
Neio York. Hough. Brussels. Quetelet. 1
II
4.
Catharinebourg. Kupffer.
ii
29.
Catharinebourg. Kupffer.
II
4.
Zlatoouste. Kupffer. 2
ti
30.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
<(
10.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
it
30.
New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
II
11.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
ii
30.
Providence, P. I. Caswell.
II
15.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
May 1.
Newberry. Johnson.
II
16.
Catharinebourg. Kupffer.
it
2.
New York. Hough.
II
16.
Christiania. Hansteen. Kaafiord. Thomas.
U
13.
Providence, P. I. Caswell.
II
17.
Christiania. Hansteen. Kaafiord. Thomas.
ii
14.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
II
18.
Neio Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
June 25.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis
u
18.
England. Hough. Dublin. Lloyd. 3
«
25.
New York. Hough.
II
20.
New York. Hough.
EC
26.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
II
21.
Boston. Hale. Lovering.
H
26.
New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell
II
21.
Newberry. Johnson. New York. Hough.
a
26.
Macao, East Indies. Hough.
1.
21.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
ii
27.
New York. Hough.
II
21.
Christiania. Hansteen.
July 13.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis
II
21.
Catharinebourg. Kupffer.
u
14.
New York. Hough.
II
21.
Barnaoul. Kupffer. 2 Kaafiord. Thomas.
ii
15.
Boston. Hale. Lovering.
II
22.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
a
15.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis
II
22.
New York. Hough. Yakoutsh. Kupffer.
u
15.
New York. Hough.
II
22.
Christiania. Hansteen.
it
27.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
II
23.
New York. Hough. Yakoutsh. Kupffer.
u
27.
New York. Hough.
II
23.
Christiania. Hansteen.
ii
29.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis
II
23.
Catharinebourg. Kupffer.
it
29.
New York. Hough.
II
26.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Aug
.13.
New York. Hough.
Mar. 12.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
a
22.
New Haven. Herrk.k. Newton and Loomis.
it
13.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
it
22.
New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
ii
15.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
ii
23.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
ii
16.
Christiania. Hansteen.
ii
23.
Christiania. Hansteen. Yakoutsh, Kupffer.
ii
19.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
it
23.
Catharinebourg. Kupffer.
ii
19.
Christiania. Hansteen.
a
28.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
ii
21.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
a
28.
New York. Hough.
ii
22.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
Sept
. 5.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
ii
23.
Yakoutsh. Kupffer. Kaafiord. Thomas.
ii
7.
New York. Hough.
ii
24.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
ii
7.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
ii
26.
Yakoutsh. Kupffer. Christiania. Hansteen.
it
10.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
ii
30.
Yahoutsk. Kupffer. Kaafiord. Thomas.
ii
12.
New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
ii
30.
Catharinebourg. Kupffer.
it
12.
Catharinebourg. Kupffer.
ii
31.
Yakoutsh: Kupffer.
a
12.
Bossekop, Finland. Lottin, &c. 2
Apr
.12.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
ii
13.
Boston. Hale. Lovering.
1 Annuaire Magnet, et Meteor, de Russie, 1839, p. 423.
ii
13.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
2 j
innnaireMagnet.etMeteor.de Russie, 1838, p. 26, 174 et221.
i Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. V.284.
8 .
Phil. Mag. Third Series, XII. 98.
2 Observ
. Magnet. Comm. Nord.
VOL. X. 16
122
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Sept.13.
" 13.
" 14.
" 14.
" 14.
" 14.
" 15.
" 15.
" 15.
" 15.
" 15.
" 16.
" 16.
" 16.
" 16.
" 16.
" 17.
" 17.
" 17.
" 18.
" 18.
" 19.
" 20.
" 20.
" 21.
" 21.
" 23.
" 24.
« 24.
" 26.
" 28.
" 29.
" 30.
1.
7.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
16.
16.
17.
17.
18.
20.
20.
Oct
New York. Hough. Paris. Bouvard. 1
Bossekop. Lottin. Ashurst. Snow.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Bichmond, Kentucky. Herrick. N. and L.
Newberry. Johnson. Providence. Caswell
New York. Hough.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Newberry. Johnson. Neie York. Hough.
Washington, D. C. Gilliss. 2
Christiania. Hansteen. Paris. Bouvard.
Kaafiord. Thomas. Bossekop. Lottin.
Boston. Hale. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Washington. Gilliss.
Christiania. Hansteen. Newberry. Johnson.
Kaafiord. Thomas. Bossekop. Lottin.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Washington. Gilliss.
Kaafiord. Thomas. Bossekop. Lottin.
New York. Hough. Bossekop
Catharinebourg. Kupffer.
New York. Hough. Bossekop.
Providence, B. I. Caswell.
New York. Hough. Bossekop.
Catharinebourg. Kupffer.
Bossekop. Lottin.
Bossekop. Lottin.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Kaafiord. Thomas. Bossekop.
Christiania. Hansteen. Bossekop. Lottin.
Kaafiord. Thomas. Bossekop. Lottin.
Lottin.
Thomas. Bossekop.
Lottin.
Hansteen.
Kupffer. Bossekop.
Lottin.
Hansteen.
Oct. 22.
" 23.
" 24.
" 25.
" 27.
" 28.
" 30.
" 31.
Nov. 1.
" 2.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Bossekop.
Kaafiord.
Bossekop.
Christiania.
Barnaoid.
Bossekop.
Christiania.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Bossekop. Lottin.
Bossekop. Lottin.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Bossekop. Lottin.
Catharinebourg. Kupffer.
Zlatoouste. Kupffer. Bossekop. Lottin.
Bossekop. Lottin.
Christiania. Hansteen. Bossekop. Lottin
Bossekop. Lottin.
Dec.
i Connaiss. de Terns. 1842, p. 392.
2 Magnet, and Meteor. Obsenr. Washington, p. 352.
9.
10.
11.
12.
12.
12.
12.
12.
13.
13.
13.
14.
14.
14.
15.
17.
17.
18.
19.
21.
22.
24.
25.
25.
25.
26.
27.
30.
2.
3.
4.
5.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
New York.
Bossekop.
Christiania
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Hough.
Lottin.
. Hansteen.
Bossekop. Lottin.
Boston. Hale. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Providence, B. I. Caswell.
Gerhardt. Eutin. Quetelet. 1
Bossekop. Lottin. Slough. Herschel.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis
Kingussie, Scotland. Rutherford. 2
Bossekop. Lottin. Paris. Bouvard.
Boston. Hale. Lovering. New York. Hough
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis
Christiania. Hansteen. Bossekop. Lottin
Bossekop. Lottin.
Kingussie. Rutherford.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Bossekop. Lottin.
Bossekop. Lottin.
Bossekop. Lottin.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Boston. Hale. Lovering. Bossekop
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis
New York. Hough. Washington. Gilliss.
Bossekop. Lottin.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
New York.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Bossekap.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Hough.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Bossekop. Lottin.
1 Pogg. Ann. XL VI. 662.
2 Proc. Brit. Assoc. VIII. 29.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
123
Dec
11.
Bossekop. Lottin.
Jan.
25.
tt
12.
Bossekop. Lottin.
«
16.
tt
13.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
tt
17.
u
13.
New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
a
18.
u
13.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Bossekop. Lottin.
a
18.
«
14.
New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
tt
19.
tt
14.
Kingussie. Rutherford.
tt
19.
(1
14.
Christia?iia. Hansteen.
Bossekop. Lottin.
tt
19.
((
15.
New York. Hough. Bossekop. Lottin.
tt
19.
tt
16.
Bossekop. Lottin.
tt
19.
a
17.
Bossekop. Lottin.
tt
19.
a
19.
Bossekop. Lottin.
tt
19.
a
20.
Bossekop. Lottin. Alford. Farquharson. 1
tt
20.
tt
21.
Bossekop. Lottin.
tt
20.
«
22.
Bossekop. Lottin.
tt
21.
«
23.
Bossekop. Lottin.
tt
21.
((
24.
Bossekop. Lottin.
tt
21.
U
25.
Bossekop. Lottin.
tt
22.
it
27.
Bossekop. Lottin.
tt
23.
ii
28.
Bossekop. Lottin.
tt
24.
u
30.
Bossekop. Lottin.
tt
Fet
29.
i. 1.
1839.
tt
2.
Jan
. 1.
Bossekop. Lottin.
ti
3.
a
2.
Christiania. Hansteen
. Bossekop. Lottin.
it
4.
tt
3.
Bossekop. Lottin.
ti
4.
a
5.
New York. Hough.
ii
5.
tt
6.
Christiania. Hansteen
. Bossekop. Lottin.
tt
6.
u
7.
Bossekop. Lottin.
tt
7.
a
9.
Bossekop. Jupvig, Finmark. Lottin &c. 2
tt
9
a
10.
New Haven. Herrick.
Newton and Loomis.
(t
10.
a
10.
New York. Hough.
Providence. Caswell.
tt
11.
a
10.
Jupvig. Lottin, &c. Quetelet.
tt
12.
it
11.
New York. Hough.
a
13.
a
11.
Bossekop and Jupvig.
Lottin.
tt
16.
a
12.
Bossekop and Jupvig.
Lottin.
tt
17.
a
13.
New York. Hough.
tt
18.
a
13.
Bossekop and Jupvig ?
Lottin.
tt
18.
a
14.
Boston. Hale. Lovering.
tt
18.
u
14.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
tt
19.
u
14.
New York. Hough.
Newberry. Johnson.
u
19.
it
14.
Providence, B. I. Caswell.
a
20.
tt
14.
Christiania. Hansteen
. Bossekop. Lottin.
tt
21.
it
15.
Edinburgh. Necker.
a
21.
it
15.
Bogosloivski. Kupffer
8 Bossekop. Lottin.
tt
22.
ii
16.
New Haven. Herrick.
Newton and Loomis.
tt
23.
tt
16.
New York. Hough.
1 Phil. Trans. 1839, p. 277.
2 Observ. Magnet. Comra. Nord.
8 Annuaire Magnet, et Meteor, de Eussie, 1839, p. 283.
Christiania. Hansteen. Edinburgh. Necker.
Bossekop and Jupvig. Lottin.
Bossekop and Jupvig. Lottin.
New York. Hough. England. Hough.
Bossekop and Jupvig. Lottin.
Boston. Hale. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Washington, D. C. Gilliss.
Brussels. Quetelet. Ashurst. Snow.
Christiania. Hansteen. Edinburgh. Necker. 1
Bossekop and Jupvig. Lottin.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Bossekop and Jupvig. Lottin.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough.
Bossekop and Jupvig. Lottin.
Bossekop. Lottin.
Bossekop. Lottin.
Bossekop. Lottin.
Bossekop. Lottin.
Bossekop. Lottin.
Bossekop. Lottin.
Bossekop. Lottin.
New Haven. Herrick
New York.
Christiania.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Neio York.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Neiv Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Christiania. Hansteen. Edinburgh. Necker.
Bossekop. Lottin.
New York. Hough.
Christiania. Hansteen. Bossekop. Lottin.
Bossekop. Lottin.
Eutin, Holstein. Roth. Schmidt. 2
Christiania. Hansteen. Bossekop. Lottin.
Bamaoul. Kupffer. 8 Bossekop. Lottin.
Bossekop. Lottin.
i Ann. Chem. et Phys. Third Series, I. 270.
2 Grunert. Arch. Math, und Phys. XXVI. 74.
8 Annuaire Magnet, et Meteor, de Russie, 1839, p. 170.
Newton and Loomis.
Hough. Bossekop. Lottin.
Hansteen. Bossekop. Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Hough.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Bossekop.
Edinburgh.
Lottin.
Necker.
Edinburgh. Necker.
124
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA EOREALIS.
Mar
Feb. 24.
" 26.
" 27.
" 28.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
5.
5.
6.
7.
9.
10.
10.
11.
15.
15.
15.
1G.
16.
17.
18.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
2G.
27.
31.
1.
2.
3.
5.
6.
7.
8.
8.
8.
9.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Bosselcop.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
New York.
Fort Confidence.
Bossekop. Lottin
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
lop
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Hough. Providence.
Simpson. 1
Caswell.
Portobelh. Necker.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Neio Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Bossekop. Lottin.
Bossekop. Lottin.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
Bossekop. Lottin.
New York. Hough.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Bossekop. Lottin.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Portobelh. Necker.
New York. Hough
Bossekop. Lottin.
Bossekop. Lottin.
Washington, D. C.
Bossekop. Lottin.
New York.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
Christiania,
Bossekop. Lottin.
Bossekop. Lottin.
Bossekop. Lottin.
Gilliss.
Apr
Hough. Bossekop
Lottin. Portobello.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Hansteen. Bossekop.
Lottin.
Necker.
Lottin.
Bossekop. Lottin.
Bossekop. Lottin.
New York. Hough. Bossekop. Lottin.
Bossekop. Lottin.
Bossekop. Lottin.
New York. Hough. Bossekop. Lottin.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Bossekop. Lottin.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Hansteen.
1 Simpson says of the aurora at Fort Confidence, Lat. 67° N.
Long. 119°. E. : " Every clear night, when not eclipsed by the
moon, it was to be seen ; but was brightest and most active in the
mornings some time before daylight." Narrative of the Discov.
in N. C. Amer. p. 330.
Apr. 11.
" 12.
" 13.
" 13.
" 14.
" 15.
" 16.
" 17.
" 18.
" 20.
" 21.
" 21.
" 22.
" 28.
May 4.
" 5.
" 5.
" 5.
" 7.
« 7.
" 9.
" 10.
" 10.
" 11.
" 11.
" 12.
" 14.
" 14.
" 15.
" 15.
" 16.
" 17.
" 31.
June 6.
" 7.
« 7.
" 12.
July 3.
" 3.
" 4.
" 30.
Aug. 10.
" 10.
» 20.
" 20.
" 21.
" 21.
" 22.
Lottin.
Bossekop. Lottin
Portobelh.
Christiania.
New York.
Christiania.
Christiania.
New York.
Newberry.
Bossekop.
Bossekop.
New York.
New Haven
Newberry.
New York.
Newberry.
New York.
New Haven
New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
Brussels. Quetelet. Arago.
France and Italy. Arago.
Saint Brice. Lalanne.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough. Boston.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough.
Hough.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
R. I. Caswell.
Hough.
Necker.
Hansteen.
Hou : h. Bossekop
Hansteen.
Hansteen.
Hough.
Johnson.
Lottin.
Lottin.
Hough.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Johnson.
Hough.
Johnson.
Hough.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New Haven.
New York.
New Haven.
New York.
Worcester. 1
New York.
New York.
New Haven
Neio Haven,
Providence,
New York.
New York.
New Haven.
Neio Haven.
New York.
New Haven.
New York.
New Haven.
New York.
New York.
New Haven.
New Haven.
New York.
New Haven.
New York.
Scandinavia
Hough.
Herrick.
Herrick.
Hough.
Newton and Loomis.
Newton and Loomis.
Washington. Gilliss.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough.
Hough.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough.
Lottin, &c. 2
Ml. Ord of Caithness, Scotl. Necker.
New York. Hough.
1 Med. and Surg. Journ. Boston.
2 Observ. Magnet. Comm. Nord.
XX. 291.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
125
All£
Sept.
Oct.
23.
Scandinavia. Lottin.
Oct.
4.
27.
Scandinavia. Lottin.
tt
5.
28.
New York. Hough. Newberry? Iloiigli.
tt
6.
28.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
tt
7.
28.
Washington, D. C. Gilliss.
a
8.
29.
Neiv York. Hough.
tt
8.
30.
Scandinavia. Lottin.
u
8.
31.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
tt
9.
31.
New York. Hough.
it
10.
1.
Dorchester. Bond. Lovering.
a
10.
1.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
tt
10.
3.
Boston. Hale. Lovering.
a
11.
3.
Dorchester. Bond. Lovering.
a
11.
3.
Providence. Caswell. Newberry. Johnson.
it
12.
3.
Washington. Gilliss. New York. Hough.
tt
12.
3.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
a
13.
3.
New Orleans and Nashville. Hough.
tt
13.
3.
Near London. Sturgeon. Paris. Bouvard. 1
a
14.
3.
Brussels. Quetelet. Arago. Piedmont.
a
15.
3.
Sky. Necker. Ashurst. Snow.
a
16.
3.
Dunse. Stevenson. Scandinavia. Lottin.
a
17.
4.
Providence, E. 1. Caswell.
a
18.
4.
New York. Hough. Neioberry. Johnson.
a
20.
4.
Sky. Necker. Dunse. Stevenson.
it
22.
4.
Scandinavia. Lottin. Paris. Bouvard.
a
22.
6.
New York. Hough.
a
22.
7.
Scandinavia. Lottin.
tt
22.
8.
Bogosloivski. Kupffer.
a
22.
10.
Christiania. Hansteen. Scandinavia. Lottin.
a
23.
13.
Lapland. Bravais. Hough and Boue.
a
24.
14.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
a
26.
14.
Providence. Caswell. Newberry. Johnson.
a
27.
14.
New York. Hough. Washington. Gilliss.
a
28.
15.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
tt
28.
15.
Scandinavia. Lottin.
it
30.
17.
Scandinavia. Lottin.
tt
31.
18.
Scandinavia. Lottin.
No^
•. 1.
19.
Scandinavia. Lottin.
it
2.
19.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
it
3.
20.
Scandinavia. Lottin.
it
4.
21.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
tt
4.
21.
Scandinavia. Lottin. Sky. Necker.
it
6.
23.
Scandinavia. Lottin.
tt
6.
24.
Scandinavia. Lottin. Sky. Necker.
a
7.
28.
Dorchester. Bond. Lovering.
it
8.
28.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
a
8.
28.
New York. Hough.
a
10.
1.
New York. Hough. Kaafiord. Thomas.
tt
11.
2.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
l Connais. de Tems. 1843, p. 408.
Kaajiord. Thomas.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
New York. Hough.
Scandinavia. Lottin.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Scandinavia. Lottin. Kaafiord. Thomas.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough.
Scandinavia. Lottin. Kaafiord. Thomas.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
Christiania. Hansteen. Sky. Necker.
Scandinavia. Lottin. Kaafiord. Thomas.
Kaafiord. Thomas. Scandinavia. Lottin.
Christiania. Hansteen. Sky. Necker.
New York. Hough. Kaafiord. Thomas.
Scandinavia. Lottin. Kaafiord. Thomas.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
Kaafiord. Thomas. Scandinavia. Lottin.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough.
Brussels. Quetelet. France. Arago.
Pome. Matteucci. Eutin. Roth. Schmidt.
Kaafiord. Thomas. Paris. Bouvard.
Kaafiord. Thomas. Eutin. Roth. Schmidt.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
Sky. Necker.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Sky. Necker. Arago. Kaafiord. Thomas.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
Spain. Rico. 1
Kaafiord Thomas. Eutin. Roth. Schmidt.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
Christiania. Hansteen.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Kaafiord. Thomas. Bogosloivski. Kupffer.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
Christiania. Hansteen. Kaafiord. Thomas.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
1 Mem. Acad. Cienc. Madrid. III. 77.
126
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Nov. 11.
" 13
" 13.
" 15.
« 16.
" 17.
« 17.
" 18.
" 19.
" 23.
« 23.
« 26.
" 29.
" 30.
Dec. 1.
" 2.
« 4.
« 4.
" 5.
« 6.
" 8.
" 9.
" 14.
" 18.
" 20.
" 21.
" 24.
" 25.
« 26.
« 29.
" 30.
" 31.
" 31.
Bogoslowski. Kupffer. Kaafiord. Thomas.
Dorchester. Bond. Lovering. Sky. Necker.
Christiania. Hansteen. Kaafiord. Thomas.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Bogoslowski. Kupffer. Dunse. Stephenson,
New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Bogoslowski. Kupffer. Kaafiord. Thomas.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
New York. Hough. Kaafiord. Thomas.
Christiania. Hansteen. Kaafiord. Thomas.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis,
Christiania. Hansteen. Kaafiord. Thomas,
Kaafiord. Thomas.
New York. Hough.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
Oosport. 1 Bumey.
Bogoslowski. Kupffer.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
Dorchester. Bond. Lovering.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
Kaafiord. Thomas. Bogoslowski. Kupffer.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Kaafiord. Thomas. Sky. Necker.
1840.
Jan. 1. Nijne-Taguilsk, Mt. Ourals. Demidoff. a
" 2. Newberry. Johnson.
" 3. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 3. New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
" 3. Huggate. Rankin. 8 Scandinavia. Lottin.
" 3. Sky. Necker. Geneva. Plantamour.
" 3. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 4. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 4. New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
" 4. Sky. Necker. Dunse. Stevenson. Arago.
" 4. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 4. Bogoslowski and Zlatoouste. Kupffer. 4
i Phil. Mag. Second Series, VII. 158.
2 L'Institut. Sci. Math. Phys. &c. IX. 154.
» Proc. Brit. Assoc. XV. 15.
1 Annuaire Magnet, et Meteor, de Russie, 1840, pp. 128et289.
Jan.
5.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
a
5.
New York. Hough. Toronto. Hough.
a
5.
Christiania. Hansteen. Sky. Necker.
a
8.
New York. Hough.
a
25.
Christiania. Hansteen.
u
26.
Nijne- Taguilsk. Demidoff.
a
28.
Christiania. Hansteen. Kaafiord. Ihle. Reich. 1
u
29.
Christiania. Hansteen.
<(
30.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
u
30.
New York. Hough, Providence. Caswell.
a
31.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
u
31.
New York. Hough.
Feb
. 5.
New York. Hough.
U
6.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
u
6.
Bogosloivski. Kupffer.
a
6.
Jakobshavn, Greenland. Rudolph. 2
u
7.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
u
7.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
u
7.
New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
a
7.
Catharinebourg. Kupffer.
u
7.
Zlatoouste. Kupffer.
a
15.
New York. Hough.
u
18.
Christiania. Hansteen.
a
20.
Christiania. Hansteen.
u
21.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
a
21.
New York. Hough.
it
22.
Christiania. Hansteen.
a
24.
Neio York. Hough.
a
25.
Christiania. Hansteen. Sky ? Necker.
a
25.
Bogosloivski. Kupffer.
a
26.
Christiania. Hansteen.
a
27.
Christiania. Hansteen. Sky. Necker.
a
28.
Sky ? Necker. 8
Mai
. 2.
Sky ? Necker. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
u
5.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
a
5.
New York. Hough. Washington. Gilliss.
a
5.
Providence, R. 1. Caswell. Toronto. Sabine. 4
a
6.
Toronto. Sabine.
u
8.
New York. Hough.
u
9.
Kaafiord. Thomas.
a
12.
New York. Hough.
a
13.
New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
a
19.
Christiania. Hansteen.
a
20.
Christiania. Hansteen.
(i
20.
Kaafiord. Thomas. Sky. Necker.
«
21.
Christiania. Hansteen. Kaafiord. Thomas.
i Edin. New Phil. Journ. XXXV. 384.
» Collect. Meteor. Soc. Sci. Danica:. Fasc. IV. 82.
* Compt. Rend. XII. 347.
4 Magnet, and Meteor. Observ. Toronto, I. 50.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
127
Mar
.22.
Cambridge.
Bond. Lovering.
u
22.
New York.
Hough.
a
22.
Christiania. Hansteen. Kaafiord. Thomas, &c.
a
23.
Christiania.
Hansteen. Kaafiord. Thomas.
it
24.
New York.
Hough. Kaafiord. Thomas.
a
25.
New York.
Hough. Toronto. Hough.
a
25.
Christiania.
Hansteen. Kaafiord. Thomas.
u
26.
New York.
Hough.
it
26.
Christiania.
Hansteen. Sky ? Necker.
a
27.
Christiania.
Hansteen.
u
28.
Christiania.
Hansteen. Sky. Necker.
u
29.
Cambridge.
Bond. Lovering.
it
29.
Christiania.
Hansteen.
it
31.
New Haven.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Apr
. 1.
New Haven.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
«(
1.
New York.
Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
CI
1.
Christiania.
Hansteen.
it
2.
New York.
Hough.
a
4.
New Haven.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
a
4.
Providence,
R. I. Caswell.
a
4.
Neva York.
Hough. Toronto ? Hough.
a
5.
New York.
Hough.
u
9.
New York.
Hough.
It
18.
Christiania.
Hansteen.
it
19.
New Haven.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
ft
19.
New York.
Hough.
((
20.
New Haven
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
It
20.
New York.
Hough.
11
21.
New York.
Hough.
li
23.
New York.
Hough.
u
24.
Cambridge.
Lovering. 1 Bond.
ll
24.
New Haven
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
li
24.
Newberry.
Johnson. New York. Hough.
tl
24.
Christiania
Hansteen.
May 1.
New Haven
. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
u
1.
New York.
Hough.
(t
6.
New York.
Hough.
«
17.
New York.
Hough.
it
20.
New York.
Hough.
a
23.
New York.
Hough.
u
23.
Caraccas, S. America. Cagigal. Arago.
a
27.
New York.
Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
u
28.
Cambridge.
Lovering. New York. Hough.
a
29.
Cambridge.
Lovering.
it
29.
Boston. Hale. Lovering.
a
29.
New Haver
. Herrick. 2 Newton and Loomis.
a
29.
New York.
Hough. Providence. Caswell.
May 29.
" 30.
" 30.
June 1.
" 10.
" 22.
" 25.
" 26.
" 28.
July 4.
" 16.
" 21.
" 25.
" 25.
" 29.
" 29.
" 29.
Aug. 9.
" 10.
" 19.
" 19.
" 19.
" 20.
" 21.
" 23.
" 24.
" 24.
" 25.
" 26.
" 26.
" 28.
" 28.
" 28.
" 28.
" 28.
" 29.
" 31.
Sept. 1.
" 2.
" 19.
" 21.
" 21.
" 21.
" 21.
" 21.
" 22.
" 23.
Toronto. Sabine. Paris. Bouvard. 1
New Haven. Herrick. Newtoi. and Loomis
Hough. Canada. Riddcll.
Bond. Lovering.
Hough.
Bond. Lovering.
Hough.
Lovering.
Hough.
Lovering
1 Mem. Amer. Acad. II. 52.
2 Amer. Journ. Sci. XXXIX 194 and 383. XL. 337.
New York. Plough.
New York.
Cambridge.
New York.
Cambridge.
New York.
Cambridge.
New York.
Cambridge.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Toronto. Sabine.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough.
Cambridge. Lovering. Bond.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Providence, R. I. Caswell. New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Hough.
Lovering.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Gilliss.
New York.
Cambridge.
New Haven.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New Haven.
Toronto. Sabine.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Cambridge. Lovering. Washington.
Boston. Hale. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Toronto. Sabine. 2
Hansteen.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Bond. Lovering.
Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
Toronto. Sabine.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Bond. Lovering.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough. Washington. Gilliss.
Toronto. Sabine. Paris. Bouvard.
Christiania. Hansteen. Brussels. Quetelet.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Washington. Gilliss.
Christiania.
New Haven.
Cambridge.
New York.
Cambridge.
New Haven.
New York.
1 Connaiss. de Terns. 1844, p. 408.
2 Compt. Rend. XIU. 724-5.
128
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Oct
N
Sept.24.
25.
25.
27.
30.
2.
4.
11.
18.
19.
19.
20.
21.
22.
22.
22.
23.
23.
27.
29.
31.
ov. 12.
13.
13.
13.
13.
15.
15.
17.
19.
20.
20.
21.
22.
23.
28.
29.
30.
Dec. 7.
11.
12.
13.
13.
13.
14.
16.
17.
17.
New Tori: Hough.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
New York. Hough.
Toronto. Sabine.
Christiania. Hansteen.
New York.
Toronto. Sabine.
Jakobshavn.
New York,
Christiania.
Neil) York.
New Yuri:.
Cambridge.
New Haven.
Christiania.
New Haven.
New York.
Nero Haven.
Hough.
Rudolph.
Hough.
Hansteen.
Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
Parma. Colla. 1 Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
Hough. Paris. Bouvard.
Lovering. Newberry. Johnson.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hansteen. Italy ? Hough.
Herriek. Newton and Loomis.
Hough.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Brussels. Quetelet. Italy ? Hough.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Paris. Laugier. Boue\
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Neio York. Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
Providence, R. I. Caswell.
Washington, D. C. Gilliss.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Hough. Dunse. Stevenson.
Hough.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Christiania ? Hough. Kaafiord. Ihle. Reich.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Rudolph.
Lovering.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Nijne-Taguilsk. Demidoff.
Brussels. Quetelet.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Rudolph.
Hansteen.
Hough. Nijne-Taguilsk.
Rudolph.
Hough. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York.
New York.
New York.
Neic Haven.
New York.
New Haven.
Jakobshavn.
Cambridge.
New Haven.
New Haven.
Jakobshavn.
Christiania.
New Fork.
Jakobshavn.
New York.
New Haven.
L'Institut. Sci. Hath. Phys. &c. VIII. 57 and 180.
Dec. 20. Neic York. Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
" 20. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 21. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 21. Newberry. Johnson. New York. Hough.
" 21. Brussels. Quetelet.
" 21. Putin. Schmidt.
" 21. Cltristiania. Hansteen.
" 21. Catharinebourg. 1 Kupffer.
" 21. Bogoslowski. Kupffer.
" 22. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 23. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 24. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 24. Christiania. Hansteen. Parma. Colla.
" 25. New York. Hough.
" 28. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 28. Toronto. Sabine. Parma. Colla.
" 31. Christiania. Hansteen.
1841.
Jan. 10. Zlatoouste? Kupffer.
" 11. Zlatoouste. Kupffer.
" 14. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 14. New York. Hough.
" 15. Cltristiania. Hansteen.
" 18. Toronto. Sabine.
" 19. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 20. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 22. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 24. Brussels. Quetelet. Toronto. Sabine.
" 24. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 25. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis. 3
" 25. Toronto. Sabine. Christiania. Hansteen.
27. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering. 8
27. Toronto. Sabine. 4
28. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
31. Christiania. Hansteen.
" x. Eutin. Schmidt.
Feb. 7. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 7. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 7. New York. Hough.
" 8. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 8. New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
" 8. Newberry. Johnson. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
" 9. New York. Hough. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
" 11. New York. Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
1 Annaaire Magnet, et Meteor, de Russie, 1840, p. 72, &c.
2 Bull, de l'Aead. Brux. VIII. Pt. II. p. 64.
8 From the Meteor. Records of the Harvard College Observa-
tory, not yet published.
* Observ. during unusual Magnet. Disturb. Pt. I. p. XXII.
OX THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
129
Feb. 12.
" 15.
" 16.
" 17.
" 18.
" 19.
« 20.
« 21.
" 22.
" 22.
« 22.
" 23.
" 23.
" 23.
" 24.
« 24.
« 25.
" 26.
Mar. 1.
" 11.
" 11.
" 11.
« 12.
" 14.
" 14.
« 14.
" 14.
" 15.
" 15.
" 15.
" 16.
" 16.
" 17.
" 17.
" 19.
" 20.
" 20.
" 21.
" 21.
« 22.
« 22.
" 22.
" 23.
" 23.
" 24.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Worcester. Woodward. Newberry. Johnson.
New York. Hough. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
New York. Hough.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Washington, D. C. Gilliss.
New York. Hough.
Hough.
Bond. Boston. Hale. Lovering.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Bond. Lovering.
Boston. Hale. Lovering. Toronto. Sabine.
Newberry. Johnson. New York. Hough.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough. Brussels. Quetelet.
Hough.
Rudolph.
Hough.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
Rudolph.
Bond. Lovering.
Bond. Lovering.
Worcester, Mass. Woodward. 1
New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
Christiania. Hansteen. Canada. Sabine.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
Worcester. "Woodward. Christiania. Hansteen.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
Hobarton, Van Dieman's Land. Sabine. 2
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New York. Hough.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Newberry. Johnson.
Dunse. Stevenson. York. Phillips. 8
Durham. Chevalier. Belfast. Stevelly. 4
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Hobarton. Sabine.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New York.
Cambridge.
New Haven.
New York.
Cambridge.
New York.
New York.
Jahobshavn.
New York.
Neio Haven.
New York.
Jakobshavn.
Cambridge.
Cambridge.
1 Med. and Surg. Jouni. Boston, XXIV. 83, 148 and 383.
2 Magnet, and Meteor. Observ. Hobarton, I. 130.
8 Proc. Brit. Assoc. XVI. 7.
4 Athenamm, 1841, pp. 266 and 340.
Mar. 24.
" 24.
" 24.
« 24.
" 25.
Apr. 7.
" 8.
" 11.
" 11.
" 11.
" 14.
« 16.
•' 16.
" 16.
" 18.
" 18.
" 18.
" 19.
" 19.
" 19.
" 20.
" 21.
" 22.
" 25.
" 27.
May 3.
" 7.
" 8.
" 8.
" 9.
" 18.
" 20.
" 26.
June 11.
" 15.
" 15.
" 16.
" 17.
" 21.
July 6.
" 11.
" 18.
" 19.
" 19.
" 19.
" 19.
Neto Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Newberry. Johnson. Worcester. Woodward.
Philadelphia. Bache. 1
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Cambridge. Bond. Loverinir.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Bond. Lovering.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough.
Bond. Lovering.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough.
Bond. Lovering.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Caswell. Toronto. Sabine.
Cambridge.
New Haven.
Neto York.
Cambridge.
New Haven.
New York.
Cambridge.
New Haven.
Providence.
Neio York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Toronto. Sabine.
New York. Hough. Bogosloicski. Kupffer.'-
Toronto. Sabine.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Hough.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough.
Hough.
Sabine.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough. Brussels. Quetelet.
New York.
New Haven
New York.
New York.
Hobarton.
New York.
New York.
New York.
Neto Haven.
New York.
Brussels. Quetelet.
Worcester. Woodward.
Worcester, Mass. Woodward.
New York. Hough.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New York. Hough.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Worcester. Woodward. 8 Washington. Gilliss.
Neio York. Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
1 Magnet, and Meteor. Observ. Girard College, I. 266 and 938.
2 Annuaire Magnet, et Meteor. deRussie, 1841, pp. 373 et404.
3 Med. and Surg. Joiun. Boston, XXV. 20, 103 and 231.
VOL. X.
17
130
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
July 20.
" 21.
" 21.
" 24.
" 25.
" 28.
" 29.
Aug. 2.
3.
« 4.
" 5.
" C.
« 6.
" 6.
" 6.
7.
" 11.
" 14.
" 14.
" 14.
" 16.
" 17.
" 22.
" 23.
" 23.
" 24.
" 26.
" 27.
Sept. 5.
" 10.
11.
" 12.
•• 12.
12.
" 13.
" 13.
« 14.
« 14.
" 14.
" 15.
" 16.
" 17.
" 18.
" 18.
" 24.
" 25.
New Tori:
New Haven
New York.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Toronto. Sabine.
New Tork. Hough
New Haven
New York.
New York.
New York.
Hough. Hobarton. Sabine.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hou<*h. Toronto. Sabine.
Worcester. Woodward.
Newton and Loomis. 1
New York.
New York.
New York.
New Haven.
Toronto. Sabine.
Newton and Loomis.
Herrick
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Worcester, Mass. Woodward.
New York. Hough. Washington, D.C Gilliss.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Toronto. Sabine. Dunse. Stevenson.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough. Washington, D.C. Gilliss.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Toronto. Sabine.
New York. Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Herrick
Toronto. Sabine.
Christiania. Hansteen.
New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
Gothaab, Greenland. Block. 2
Gothaab. Block.
Toronto. Sabine.
New York. Hough.
Michigan. Nicollet. Newton and Loomis. 8
Montreal. Olmsted. Newton and Loomis.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Christiania. Hansteen.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Michigan. Nicollet. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough.
Gothaab. Block.
New York. Hough.
Gothaab. Block.
New York. Hough.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Christiania. Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
i Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. IX. Pt. I. 185.
2 Collect. Meteor. Soc. Sci. Danicoe. Fasc. IV. p. 167.
8 Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. VIII. 323.
Sept.25.
" 25.
" 25.
" 26.
" 26.
Oct. 5.
" 6.
" 7.
" 8.
" 8.
" 9.
" 9.
" 9.
" 9.
" 10.
" 11.
" 12.
" 13.
" 14.
" 14.
" 14.
" 14.
" 15.
" 15.
" 16.
" 18.
" 18.
" 19.
" 20.
" 20.
" 21.
" 24.
" 25.
" 28.
" 29.
Nov. 1.
" 1.
" 2.
« 3.
" 5.
" 5.
" 6.
" 7.
" 7.
" 8.
" 8.
« 8.
" 9.
" 10.
« 11.
Christiania.
Cambridge.
New Haven.
New York.
New York.
Jakobshavn.
Cambridge.
New Haven.
Washington, D. C. Gilliss.
New York. Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
Hansteen. Dunse. Stevenson.
Bond. Lovering.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough.
Hough. Gothaab. Block.
Toronto. Sabine. Gothaab. Block.
New York. Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
Rudolph. Gothaab. Block.
Bond. Lovering.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Providence, R. I. Caswell. New York. Hough.
Toronto. Sabine. Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
New York. Hou°
Cambridge.
New Haven.
Worcester.
Jakobshavn.
Cambridge.
Christiania.
Gothaab.
Brussels. Quetelet.
Geneva. Wartmann.
Gothaab. Block.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Gothaab. Block.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering. Gothaab. Block.
Toronto. Sabine.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Hansteen.
New York. Hough. Canada. Hough.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block*
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Gothaab. Block.
Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
Rudolph.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
_h. Gothaab. Block.
Bond. Lovering.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Rudolph. Gothaab. Block.
Bond. Lovering.
Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
Block.
Arago.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania.
Christiania.
Jakobshavn.
New Haven.
Toronto. Sabine.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
131
u
«
u
Nov. 12.
" 12.
" 13.
" 14.
" 15.
" 15.
" 17.
" 17.
" 18.
" 18.
18.
18.
18.
" 19.
" 19.
" 20.
" 21.
« 23.
" 28.
Dec. 1.
" 2.
« 3.
" 3.
" 4.
« 5.
« 6.
« 7.
" 8.
« 9.
" 10.
" 11.
" 12.
" 13.
" 14.
« 14.
" 14.
" 15.
" 15.
" 16.
" 17.
" 17.
" 17.
18.
19.
19.
19.
20.
Paris. Laugier. Arago. Gothaab. Block.
Christiania. Hansteen. Jakobshavn. Rudolph,
Christiania. Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
Christiania. Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis,
Jakobshavn. Rudolph. Gothaab. Block.
New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph. Gothaab. Block.
Cambridge. Lovering. Providence. Caswell.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
Brussels. Quetelet. Gothaab. Block.
Christiania. Hansteen. Dunse. Stevenson.
Christiania. Hansteen. Dunse. Stevenson.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Gothaab. Block. Jakobshavn,
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Bogoslowski. Kupffer. Gothaab. Block.
Christiania. Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Paris. Boud. 1 Gothaab. Block.
Paris. Boue\ Gothaab. Block.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Gothaab. Block.
Christiania. Hansteen. Dunse. Stevenson.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Toronto. Sabine. Dunse. Stevenson.
Hobarton, V. D. Land. Sabine. 2
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Cambridge. Bond.
Cracow. Weisse.
Gothaab. Block.
Cracow. "Weisse. 8
Gothaab. Block.
Rudolph.
Lovering.
Christiania.
Hansten.
l Ku. ^ du Monde Savant, 1841, p. 728.
a Aurora Australis. 8 Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. IX. Pt. I. p. 14.
Dec. 21.
« 24.
" 24.
" 27.
" 30.
" 31.
Jan. 1.
" 2.
" 2.
" 3.
" 4.
" 5.
6.
" 6.
7.
" 8.
8.
" 9.
" 9.
" 11.
" 11.
" 11.
" 12.
" 12.
" 13.
" 14.
" 15.
" 15.
" 15.
" 15.
" 15.
" 15.
" 16.
" 17.
« 18.
" 20.
" 20.
" 24.
" 31.
Feb. 1.
1.
" 2.
" 3.
« 4.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Cambridge. Lovering.
New Haven? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
1842.
Jakobshi
Rudolpl
Gothaab. Block.
Hobarton. Sabine. 1
Gothaab. Block.
Worcester, Mass. "Woodward. 2
Gothaab. Block.
Cambridge. Lovering.
Lovering.
Hansteen.
Rudolph.
Lovering.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Gothaab. Block. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Cambridge. Lovering. Gothaab. Block.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Bond. Lovering.
Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
Gothaab. Block.
Lovering.
Cambridge
Christiania,
Jakobshavn.
Cambridge.
St. Louis.
New Haven '
Cambridge.
New York.
Toronto. Sabine.
Cambridge. Bond.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Cambridge. Lovering. Worcester. "Woodward.
Washington, D. C. Gilliss.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Canada.
Newberry. Johnson. Providence. Caswell.
Christiania. Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
New Haven f Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Gothaab. Block.
St. Petersburg. Kupffer.
Gothaab. Block.
New York. Hough.
Hobarton. Sabine. 1 Gothaab. Block.
Worcester. "Woodward. Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
1 Aurora Australis.
2 Med. and Surg. Journ. Boston, XXVI. 36, 83, 228 and 391.
132
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Feb.
Mar.
6.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
11.
11.
12.
13.
14.
16.
17.
18.
18.
19.
24.
24.
24.
24.
26.
27.
28.
1.
2.
3.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
10.
11.
12.
15.
16.
17.
19.
20.
23.
27.
28.
29.
30.
1.
Worcester. "Woodward.
Newton and Looniis.
Golhaab. Block.
Neio Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis. 1
Washington, D. C. Gilliss.
Gothaab. Block.
Christiania. Hansteen. Golhaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Cambridge. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick.
Dunse. Stevenson.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Christiania. Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
Christiania. Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Christiania. Hansteen. Hobarton. Sabine.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Worcester, Mass. "Woodward.
Christiania. Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
St. Petersburg. Kupffer. 2
Alford. Farquharson. 3
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Gothaab. Block.
Sitka. Kupffer. Gothaab. Block.
St. Petersburg. Kupffer.
Gothaab. Block.
Christiania. Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
Sitka. Kupffer.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Toronto. Sabine.
Toronto. Sabine.
New York. Hough.
St. Petersburg. Kupffer.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Gothaab. Block.
Sitka. Kupffer.
New York. Hough.
Cambridge. Bond.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Sitka. Kupffer.
Lovering.
Apr
1 Bull, de 1' Acad. Brux. IX. Pt. II. p. 145.
2 Annuare. Magnet, et Meteor, de Rnssie. 1842, p. 41.
8 Phil. Trans. 1S42, p. 87. Edin. New Phil. Journ. XXXVIII.
135.
Apr. 3. St. Petersburg. Kupffer. Gothaab. Block.
" 3. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 4. Gothaab. Block.
" 5. New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 6. Gothaab. Block.
" 7. Christiania. Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
" 8. Christiania. Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
" 9. Christiania. Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
" 10. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 10. Worcester, Mass. "Woodward.
" 10. Neta Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 10. Neio York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 10. Gothaab. Block.
" 11. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 11. New York. Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
" 11. Christiania. Hansteen. Sitka. Kupffer.
" 11. Hobarton,V.D.Land. Sabine. 1 Gothaab. Block.
" 12. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 12. New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 13. Worcester, Mass. Woodward.
" 13. Christiania. Hansteen. Hobarton. 1 Sabine.
" 14. Worcester. Woodward. Washington. Gilliss.
" 14. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 14. New York. Hough. Toronto. Sabine. 2
" 14. Christiania. Hansteen. Hobarton. Sabine. 1
" 15. New York. Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
" 15. Philadelphia. Bache.
" 15. Christiania. Hansteen. Hobarton. Sabine.
" 15. St. Petersburg. Kupffer.
" 16. Worcester, Mass. Woodward.
" 16. Christiania. Hansteen. Toronto. Sabine.
" 20. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis. 8
" 26. Gothaab. Block.
" 29. Christiania. Hansteen.
May 16. Hobarton, Van Dieman's Land. Sabine. 1
June 2. New York. Hough.
" 4. New York. Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
" 7. Worcester, Mass. Woodward.
" 9. Worcester, Mass. "Woodward.
" 13. New York. Hough. Hobarton. Sabine.
" 30. Brussels. Quetelet.
" 31 ? Brussels.*
July 2. New York. Hough. Hobarton. Sabine.
" 3. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 3. New York. Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
1 Aurora Australia.
2 Magnet, and Meteor. Observ. Toronto, II. 172.
8 Amer. Journ. Sci. XLIII. 213.
* Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. IX. Pt. II. p. 6.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
133
July 3.
" 6.
" 9.
" 11.
« 12.
" 13.
" 20.
" 31.
Aug. 5.
7.
" 9.
" 9.
" 10.
" 14.
" 23.
" 24.
Sept. 2.
2.
" 2.
" 2.
" 2.
" 3.
" 4.
« 5.
" 8.
" 9.
" 10.
" 11.
« 12.
" 13.
" 14.
« 15.
" 18.
" 19.
" 20.
" 23.
" 25.
« 28.
" 28.
« 28.
29.
30.
2.
3.
7.
7.
8.
a
a
Oct.
Brussels. Quetelet.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New Haven. Herriok. Newton and Loomis.
Toronto. Sahine.
Neio York. Hough.
Sitka. Kupffer.
New York. Hough. Canada. Hough.
New York. Hough. Canada. Hough.
Christiania.
Cambridge.
Christiania.
Christiania.
Christiania.
Neio Haven
Gothaab.
New Haven.
Hough
Hansteen.
Lovering.
Hansteen.
Hansteen.
Hansteen.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis. 1
Block.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Sahine.
New York. Hough. Toronto.
Philadelphia. Bache.
Christiania. Hansteen. Sitka. Kupffer.
Hobarton. Sabine. Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Gothaab. Block.
Block.
Block.
Block.
Hough. Gothaab. Block.
Hansteen.
Rudolph.
Rudolph.
Bond. Lovering.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hansteen.
Gothaab.
Gothaab.
Gothaab.
New York.
Christiania.
Jakobshavn.
Jakobshavn.
Cambridge.
New Haven.
Christiania.
New York.
Christiania.
Gothaab. Block.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
France. Marcel. 2 Hough.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Hansteen. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Hough.
Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
i Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. X. Pt. II. p. 111.
2 L'lnstitut. Sci. Math. Phys. &c. X. 443.
Oct. 9.
" 13.
" 15.
" 16.
" 17.
" 18.
" 23.
" 27.
" 28.
" 29.
" 29.
" 30.
" 81.
Nov. 1.
" 2.
" 3.
" 3.
" 4.
6.
" 7.
" 8.
" 9.
" 10.
" 10.
" 11.
" 12.
" 13.
" 14.
" 21.
" 21.
" 21.
" 21.
" 21.
" 22.
" 23.
" 24.
" 24.
" 25.
" 27.
" 28.
Dec. 1.
" 2.
" 5.
" 5.
" 6.
« 6.
" 7.
Gothaab. Block.
Neo York. Hough.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Parma. Colla.
Geneva. Wartmann. 1
Brussels. Quetelet.
Gothaab. Block.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania.
New York.
Christiania.
Christiania.
Gothaab.
Gothaab.
Hansteen.
Hough.
Hansteen.
Hansteen.
Block.
Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Christiania. Hansteen. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Christiania. Hansteen.
New Haven'} Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Gothaab. Block.
New York. Hough. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Christiania. Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Sitka. Kupffer. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Worcester, Mass. Woodward. 2
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Philadelphia. Bache.
New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
New York. Hough. Paris. Bouvard. Arago. 8
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
New York. Hough.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Gothaab. Block. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Christiania. Hansteen. Toronto. Sabine.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
1 L'lnstitut. Sci. Math. Phys. &c. X. 443.
a Med. and Surg. Journ. XXVII. 324.
8 L'lnstitut. X. 443. Connaiss. de Terns. 1846, p. 412.
134
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Dec. 8. Gothaab. Block.
" 9. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 14. Gothaab. Block.
" 17. New York. Hough.
" 18. Gothaab. Block.
" 19. New York. Hough.
" 20. Gothaab. Block.
" 21. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
" 22. Gothaab. Block.
" 27. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 27. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 28. Christiania. Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
" 29. Gothaab. Block.
" 31. Hobarton, Van Dieman's Land. Sabine.
Jan
u
2.
2.
" 5.
" G.
8.
" 10.
" 12.
" 13.
" 17.
« 20.
" 21.
" 22.
« 23.
« 24.
" 25.
" 27.
" 28.
" 28.
" 28.
« 29.
" 29.
« 30.
" 31.
Feb. 3.
« 4.
6.
" 13.
« 14.
« 15.
" 17.
« 18.
1843.
Hamburg. Schmidt. Christiania. Hansteen.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
New York. Hough.
Scotland. Hough.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Gothaab. Block.
New York. Hough. Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
Makerstoun. Broun. 1
Rudolph.
Hough.
Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
Christiania.
Edinburgh.
Jakobshavn.
New York.
Christiania.
Gothaab. Block.
New York. Hough
New York.
New York.
Christiania.
New York.
Gothaab.
Hough.
Hough.
Hansteen.
Hough.
Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Christiania. Hansteen.
New York. Hough. Gothaab.
Block.
i Edin. Phil. Trans. XIX. Pt. 2. The time of these observa-
tions has been reduced from Gottingen Astron. time to the mean
civil time of the place.
Feb. 19.
" 20.
" 20.
" 21.
" 22.
" 23.
" 23.
" 24.
" 24.
" 24.
" 25.
" 25.
" 26.
" 28.
Mar. 2.
« 3.
" 4.
" 4.
5.
" 5.
" 6.
" 6.
" 6.
" 6.
" 7.
7.
" 11.
" 12.
" 12.
" 13.
" 17.
" 17.
" 18.
" 18.
" 19.
" 20.
" 21.
" 22.
" 22.
" 25.
" 27.
" 29.
" 29.
" 29.
« 30.
Apr. 2.
" 2.
" 3.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Gothaab. Block.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Gothaab.
Gothaab.
Block.
Block.
Gothaab. Block.
New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
Gothaab. Block.
Philadelphia. Bache. 1
New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
3fakerstoun. Broun. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
Gothaab. Block.
New York. Hough.
Gothaab. Block.
Hamburg. Schmidt.
Gothaab. Block.
New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
Christiania. Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
Gothaab. Block.
New Haven. Herriek. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Toronto. Sabine. Christiania. Hansteen.
Gothaab. Block.
New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Holland. Hough. Makerstoun. Broun.
Gothaab. Block. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Parma. Colla. Gothaab. Block.
New Haven. Herriek. Newton and Loomis.
Gothaab. Block.
New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
Gothaab. Block.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Hansteen.
Hansteen.
Hansteen.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Christiania.
Christiania.
Christiania.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Newberry. Johnson.
Christiania. Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
Makerstoun. Broun. Dunse. Stevenson.
Christiania. Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
New Haven. Herriek. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough.
Gothaab. Block.
Magnet, and Meteor. Observ. Girard College, II. 124S.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
135
Apr. 4.
" 5.
" 5.
5.
6.
6.
" 6.
" 6.
7.
" 11.
" 14.
" 15.
" 17.
" 19.
" 22.
" 23.
" 25.
May 6.
" 6.
" 7.
" 9.
" 13.
" 17.
« 23.
" 25.
" 29.
June 3.
" 8.
" 13.
" 15.
" 22.
" 27.
" 29.
" 30.
" 30.
" 30.
July 1.
" 2.
" 4.
" 7.
" 19.
" 25.
" 25.
" 25.
" 30.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
Brussels. Quetelet. Hamburg. Schmidt.
Makersloun. Broun. Edinburgh.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Toronto. Sabine. Brussels. Quetelet.
Gotliaab. Block.
Makerstoun. Broun.
New York. Hough.
Gothaab? Block.
New York. Hough.
Hansteen,
Hough.
Hough.
Gothaab. Block.
Christiania
New York.
New York.
Edinburgh}
Dunse. Stevenson.
Brussels. Quetelet. Greenwich.
Collingwood. Herschel. France
Airy. 2
Arago. 8
New York. Hough. Philadelphia. Bache.
Brussels. Quetelet.
New York. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Litchfield, Conn. Herrick. Newton and L.
Goshen, Conn. Herrick. New Haven. Bradlee.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Bache.
New York.
Neio York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
Philadelphia.
New York. Hough.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Philadelphia. Bache.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Philadelphia. Bache.
New York. Hough.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
Philadelphia. Bache. Toronto. Sabine.
New York. Hough.
Toronto. Sabine.
Toronto.
Toronto.
Sabine.
Sabine.
' Edin. Phil. Journ. 1844, p. 378.
2 Greenwich Magnet, and Meteor. Observ. 1843, p. 251.
8 Compt. Rend. XVI. 1092. Athenaeum, 1843, p. 465.
4 Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. XII. Pt. I. 532.
July 31.
Aug. 3.
" 3.
" 3.
" 12.
" 22.
" 26.
Sept. 1.
" 2.
" 9.
" 10.
" 13.
" 14.
" 15.
" 18.
" 18.
" 18.
" 19.
" 20.
" 21.
" 21.
" 22.
" 22.
" 24.
" 25.
" 26.
" 27.
" 27.
" 27.
" 28.
« 28.
" 29.
" 30.
" 30.
Oct. 2.
" 5.
" 9.
" 14.
" 14.
" 14.
" 15.
" 15.
" 16.
" 16.
" 18.
" 19.
Neio York.
Cambridge.
New York.
Hamburg.
Neio York.
Neio York.
Gothaab
Hough.
Bond.
Hough.
Schmidt.
Hough.
Hough.
Block.
Lovering.
Toronto.
Sabine.
Edinburgh. Paul. 1
Christiania. Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
Christiania. Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
New York. Hough.
Gothaab. Block.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
New Haven. Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
Christiania. Hansteen. Makerstoun. Broun.
Christiania. Hansteen. Makerstoun. Broun.
New York. Hough.
Christiania. Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Christiania. Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Christiania.
Cambridge.
New Haven
New York.
Cambridge.
Gothaab. Block.
New York. Hou
Hansteen.
Bond. Lovering.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Bond. Lovering.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph,
h. Toronto. Sabine.
Johnson.
New York. Hough. Neioberry.
Gothaab. Block.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy. 3
Makerstoun. Broun. Christiania. Hansteen.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
New York. Hough.
1 Edin. Phil. Journ. 1844, p. 378.
2 Magnet, and Meteor. Observ. at Lake Athabasca, &c. p. 147.
136
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Oct. 19.
" 20.
" 20.
" 21.
« 24.
" 25.
" 26.
" 26.
•" 26.
" 28.
" 31.
" 31.
Nov. 1.
" 2.
" 2.
" 4.
" 8.
9.
" 10.
" 13.
" 13.
" 14.
" 15.
" 15.
" 16.
" 17.
" 18.
" 20.
" 21.
" 22.
" 23.
« 24.
" 25.
" 26.
" 27.
" 27.
" 28.
" 29.
Dec. 6?
" 8.
" 9.
" 9.
" 11.
" 11.
" 12.
" 12.
" 13.
Toronto and Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
New York. Hough.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
New York. Hough.
Christiania. Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy. Gothaab. Block.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Makerstoun. Broun. Gothaab. Block.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy. Gothaab. Block.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy. Gothaab. Block.
3Iakerstoun. Broun.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Gothaab. Block.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Makerstoun. Broun. Gothaab. Block.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Lake Athabasca.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Lake Athabasca.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy. Gothaab. Block.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Edinburgh. Paul. 1
Parma. Colla. Arago. 2
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Toronto. Sabine. Makerstoun. Broun.
Gothaab. Block. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Makerslouti. Broun. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Lefroy. Gothaab. Block.
Lefroy. Gothaab. Block.
Dec. 15.
" 17.
" 21.
" 22.
" 22.
" 24.
" 26.
" 27.
" 28.
" 29.
" 29.
" 30.
" 31.
Jan.
1 Edin. Phil. Journ. 1844, p. 378.
2 L'Institut. Sci. Math. Phys. &c. XII. 9.
8.
9.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
13.
15.
16.
16.
17.
17.
18.
19.
21.
22.
22.
23.
24.
24.
24.
24.
25.
26.
27
28.
30.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Gothaab. Block. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Gothaab. Block.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Gothaab. Block.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
3Iakerstoun. Broun. Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Paris. Coulvier-Gravier. Arago.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
1844.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Gothaab. Block. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy. Gothaab. Block.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy. Gothaab. Block.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Makerstoun. Broun. Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Hamburg. Schmidt.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hamburg. Schmidt.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy. Gothaab. Block.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Hamburg. Schmidt. Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Gothaab. Block.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Philadelphia. Bache. 1
New York. Hough. Toronto. Hough.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy. Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
i Magnet, and Meteor. Observ. Girard College. III. 2204.
ON THE PERIODICITY OP THE AURORA BOREALIS.
137
Jan. 31.
Feb. 4.
5.
6.
7.
7.
9.
11.
11.
12.
12.
13.
15.
16.
17.
17.
17.
20.
21.
22.
23.
26.
28.
Mar. 2.
4.
7.
7.
8.
9.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
16.
17.
19.
20.
21.
23.
24.
29.
31.
Apr. 1.
2.
3.
5.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
New York. Hough.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Gothaab. Block.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy. Gothaab. Block.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy. Gothaab. Block.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy. Gothaab. Block.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Christiania. Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
Hamburg. Schmidt. Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Makerstoun. Broun. Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy. Gothaab. Block.
Makerstoun. Broun. Toronto. Sabine.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough.
Christiania. Hansteen.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Toronto. Sabine. 1
Makerstoun. Broun.
Gothaab. Block.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Christiania. Hansteen
Christiania.
Christiania.
Christiania.
New York.
New York.
Newberry.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Hansteen.
Hansteen.
Hansteen.
Hough. Gothaab.
Hough.
Johnson. Makerstoun
Gothaab. Block.
Block.
Broun.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy. 3
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy. Gothaab. Block.
Cambridge. Bond. Levering.
Magnet, and Meteor. Observ. Toronto, II. 336.
2 Magnet, and Meteor. Observ. at LakeA thabasea, &c.p. 179.
VOL. X. 18
Apr. 5.
5.
" 5.
6.
" 7.
" 9.
" 10.
" 11.
" 13.
" 14.
" 15.
" 16.
" 16.
" 17.
" 17.
" 17.
" 17.
" 17.
" 18.
" 19.
" 19.
" 20.
" 21.
" 25.
" 28.
May 2.
4.
" 5.
" 7.
" 8.
8.
" 8.
" 14.
" 21.
" 22.
" 22.
" 22.
" 25.
June 12.
" 16.
" 22.
July 8.
Aug. 1.
" 1.
" 3.
« 9.
" 9.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Makerstoun. Brouu. Gothaab. Block.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy. Gothaab. Block.
Fort Simj)son. Lefroy. Gothaab. Block.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy. Makerstoun. Broun.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy. Toronto. Sabine.
Hobarton, Van Dieman's Land. Sabine.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Philadelphia. Bache.
New York. Hough. Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Hamburg. Schmidt. Makerstoun. Broun.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
New York. Hough. Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Gothaab. Block.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Lefroy. Hobarton. Sabine. 1
Lefroy.
Lefroy.
Lefroy.
Hough. Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Hough. Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson.
Fort Simpson.
Fort Simpson.
Fort Simpson.
New York.
New York.
Toronto. Sabine.
Cambridge. Bond
New York.
Makerstoun.
New York.
Makerstoun.
New Haven.
New York.
Makerstoun.
Lovering.
Toronto.
Sabine.
Toronto. Sabine.
Newton and Loomis.
Toronto. Sabine.
Sabine.
Hough.
Broun.
Hough.
Broun.
Herrick.
Hough.
Broun.
Hobarton, Van Dieman's Land.
Providence, R. I. Caswell.
New York. Hough.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Nantucket. Mitchell. Herrick. 2
Toronto. Sabine. Makerstoun. Broun.
England. Hough.
1 Magnet, and Meteor. Observ. Hobarton, II. p. 326.
2 Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. xii. Pt. I. p. 534.
138
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Aug
. 9.
Hamburg. Schmidt. England. Hough.
Nov
. 5.
ii
11.
New Haven Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
u
5.
a
22.
Gothaab. Block.
u
5.
a
23.
Gothaab. Block.
u
6.
a
25.
Gothaab. Block.
a
6.
a
29.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
u
8.
a
29.
Cambridge. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
u
10.
it
29.
Homer, N. Y. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
it
11.
u
29.
Toronto. Sabine. Christiania. Hansteen.
a
12.
Sep
. 2.
Gothaab. Block.
a
13.
a
3.
Gothaab. Block.
a
13.
a
4.
New Fork. Hough. Gothaab. Block.
a
14.
a
7.
Gothaab. Block.
a
15.
U
8.
Christiania. Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
a
15.
a
9.
Gothaab. Block.
a
16.
u
10.
Gothaab. Block.
a
16.
u
13.
Gothaab. Block.
a
16.
ii
14.
New York. Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
a
16.
u
14.
Gothaab. Block.
a
16.
ii
15.
New York. Hough.
a
17.
it
17.
Newberry. Johnson. Gothaab. Block.
a
18.
it
18.
Gothaab. Block.
a
19.
it
19.
New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
tt
24.
it
20.
Christiania. Hansteen.
a
25.
a
27.
Gothaab. Block.
a
27.
a
30.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
a
28.
it
30.
Toronto. Sabine.
a
29.
Oct
1.
Christiania, Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
Dec
. 2.
a
2.
Makerstoun. Broun. Gothaab. Block.
a
3.
a
4.
Christiania. Hansteen, Gothaab. Block.
u
4.
a
5.
Makerstoun. Broun.
a
5.
a
6.
Gothaab. Block.
a
6.
a
7.
Makerstoun. Broun.
a
7.
a
9.
Gothaab. Block.
U
8.
a
10.
Gothaab. Block.
a
9.
a
19.
Gothaab. Block.
U
11.
u
20.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering. Toronto. Sabine.
ii
14.
a
20.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
l(
14.
a
20.
New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
a
15.
it
21.
New York. Hough. Makerstoun. Broun.
a
16.
t<
22.
Gothaab. Block.
a
18.
U
23.
New York. Hough. Gothaab. Block.
a
19.
it
24.
Gothaab. Block.
u
22.
it
25.
Gothaab. Block.
((
23.
u
27.
Christiania. Hansteen.
u
29.
i«
28.
Gothaab. Block.
ii
29.
Nov. 1.
New York, Hough. Gothaab. Block.
u
29.
it
2.
Christiania. Hansteen. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
a
30.
a
3.
Gothaab. Block,
i
Annal
a
4.
Gothaab. Block,
p. 3
New Haven f Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hartford ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Gothaab. Block.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New Britain. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Gothaab. Block. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Gothaab. Block.
Makerstoun. Broun. Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Albany. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Christiania. Hansteen. Makerstoun. Broun.
Hamburg. Schmidt.
Neia York. Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
Gothaab. Block.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Christiania, Hansteen. Yakoutsk, Kupffer. 1
Makerstoun. Broun. Dunse. Stevenson.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Makerstoun. Broun. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
New York. Hough.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph. Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Makerstoun. Broun. Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Parma. Colla.
Gothaab ? Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Gothaab. Block.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Gothaab. Block.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Makerstoun, Broun. Dunse. Stevenson.
France. Hough.
. de 1'Obsery. Phj-s. Centrale de Russie, 1857. Snppl.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
139
Jan. 1 .
" 2.
" 4.
" 6.
" 8.
" 9.
" 9.
« 9.
" 9.
" 9.
9.
" 9.
" 10.
" 11.
« 12.
" 12.
13.
19.
" 19.
« 20.
" 21.
" 23.
« 24.
" 26.
" 27.
" 28.
« 29.
" 29.
« 30.
Feb. 1.
" 4.
" 5.
" 6.
" 8.
" 9.
" 10.
" 11.
" 12.
" 13.
" 21.
23.
24.
24.
24.
25.
«
1845.
Makerstoun. Broun. Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Gothaab. Block.
Nantes. Perrey. 1
New York. Hough. Gothaab. Block.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Looniis.
New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
Philadelphia. Bache. 2
Providence, E. I. Caswell. Toronto. Sabine. 8
Makerstoun. Broun. Dunse. Stevenson.
Gothaab. Block. Yakoutsk. Kupffer.
Hamburg. Schmidt.
Sitka. Kupffer. Gothaab. Block.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Looniis.
Gothaab. Block. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Sitka. Kupffer.
Hough.
Broun.
Broun.
Broun.
Broun.
New York.
Makerstoun.
Makerstoun.
Makerstoun.
Makerstoun.
Makerstoun.
Gothaab. Block
Makerstoun. Broun
Makerstoun.
New Haven.
Makerstoun.
Makerstoun.
Makerstoun.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Broun. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Gothaab. Block.
Broun. Gothaab. Block.
Herrick. Newton and Looniis.
Broun. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Broun.
Broun. Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Christiania. Hansteen. Makerstoun. Broun.
Gothaab. Block.
Makerstoun. Broun. Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Neto Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Looniis.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Gothaab. Block. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Looniis.
1 Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. XII. Pt. I. p. 355.
2 Magnet, and Meteor. Observ. Girard College, III. 2806.
8 Magnet, and Meteor. Observ. Toronto. II. 542.
Feb. 25.
" 25.
" 25.
" 26.
■ 27.
" 28.
" 28.
Mar. 3.
" 4.
" 5.
" 7.
" 8.
9.
9.
" 9.
" 10.
" 11.
" 12.
" 13.
" 13.
" 14.
" 15.
" 15.
" 16.
" 16.
" 18.
" 18.
" 18.
" 19.
" 19.
" 20.
« 20.
" 23.
" 24.
" 25.
" 26.
" 27.
" 28.
" 28.
" 29.
" 31.
Apr. 1.
7.
" 9.
" 13.
" 13.
" 13.
" 14.
New York.
Newberry.
Christiiuiiii.
Jakobshavn.
New York.
Makerstoun.
Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Johnson.
Hansteen. Gothaab.
Rudolph. Gothaab.
Hough. Makerstoun.
Broun. Jakobshavn,
Block.
.Block.
Broun.
Rudolph.
Clerk. :
Clerk.
Clerk.
Lat. 62° S. Long. 71° E.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Gothaab. Block.
Lat. 62° S. Long. 85° E.
Lat. 62° S. Long. 91° E.
Gothaab. Block.
Neto Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Looniis.
Gothaab. Block.
Lat. 62° S. Long. 92° E. Clerk.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Gothaab. Block.
Toronto. Sabine. Gothaab. Block.
Toronto. Sabine. Gothaab. Block.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Makerstoun. Broun. Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Lat. 56° S. Long. 103° E. Clerk.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Looniis.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
New Haven f Herrick. Newton and Looniis.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Lat. 53° S. Long. 110° E. Clerk.
Lat. 51° S. Long. 111° E. Clerk.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Lat. 49° S. Long. 113° E. Clerk.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Makerstoun. Broun. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Sitka. Kupffer. Christiania. Hansteen.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Gothaab. Block.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Looniis.
New York. Hough. Makerstoun. Broun.
Toronto. Sabine.
New York. Hough.
i Phil. Trans. 1846, p. 437.
140
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALI8.
Apr. 15.
" 19.
" 23.
« 27.
« 30.
« 30.
" 30.
May 1.
" 5.
« 11.
« 29.
June 5.
" 17.
" 24.
" 25.
" 30.
July 4.
" 5.
" 8.
" 8.
" 24.
» 24.
" 24.
" 25.
" 28.
" 31.
1.
1.
" 2.
" 3.
" 4.
" 26.
« 27.
Au
Makerstoun. Broun.
Sitka. Kupffer. Makerstoun. Broun.
Chrisliania. Hansteen.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis. 1
New Fork. Hough. Makerstoun. Broun.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Makerstoun. Broun.
New York. Hough.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Neic Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Worcester. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Toronto. Sabine.
New York. Hough.
Toronto. Sabine.
Worcester. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Toronto. Sabine.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Worcester. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
Hough.
Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hou»h. Toronto. Sabine.
« 29.
« 29.
" 29.
« 29.
" 29.
» 30.
« 30.
« 30.
« 30.
« 31.
Sept. 1.
» 1.
" 2.
« 3.
New York.
New Haven.
New Haven.
New Haven.
New York.
Toronto. Sabine.
New York. Hough
New Haven.
New York.
New York.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough.
Hough.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis. 2
Worcester. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Bilk. Schmidt. Huggate. Rankin. 8
Makerstoun. Broun. Dunse. Stevenson.
Sitka. Kupffer.
From Dusseldorf to Cologne. Schmidt.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Montreal. Olmsted.
Chrisliania. Hansteen. Makerstoun. Broun.
Christiania. Hansteen.
From Dusseldorf to Cologne. Schmidt.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Christiania. Hansteen. Makerstoun. Broun.
Toronto. Sabine.
Oct.
1 Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. XII. Pt. II. p. 226.
2 Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. XIU. Pt. I p. 745.
8 Proc. Brit. Assoc. XV. 15.
Sept. 4.
" 7.
" 7.
" 8.
" 17.
" 18.
" 20.
" 24.
« 24.
« 24.
" 24.
" 25.
25.
25.
25.
26.
26.
27.
27.
27.
28.
29.
1.
" 2.
" 4.
" 5.
" 6.
" 7.
" 8.
9.
" 9.
" 19.
« 20.
" 21.
« 21.
« 21.
« 21.
" 22.
« 23.
« 28.
« 29.
" 31.
« 31.
Nov. 1.
" 2.
« 3.
« 4.
« 5.
" 5.
« 9.
Gothaab. Block.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Toronto. Sabine. Gothaab. Block.
New York. Hough. Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Ausland. Boue. Gothaab. Block.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph. Toronto. Sabine.
From Dusseldorf to Cologne. Schmidt.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Toronto. Sabine. Gothaab. Block.
From Dusseldorf to Cologne. Schmidt.
Toronto. Sabine. Gothaab. Block.
Bilk. Schmidt. Makerstoun. Broun.
New York. Hough. Gothaab. Block.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Makerstoun. Broun. Jakobshavn. Rudolph-
Gothaab. Block.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph. Gothaab. Block.
Christiania. Hansteen. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
New York. Hough.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Toronto. Sabine. Makerstoun. Broun.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Newberry. Johnson. New York. Hough.
Gothaab. Block.
Makerstoun, Broun.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph. Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Makerstoun. Broun. Gothaab. Block.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Sitka. Kupffer. Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Christiania. Hansteen. Makerstoun. Broun.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Makerstoun. Broun. Gothaab. Block.
Toronto. Sabine.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
141
Gothaab. Block.
Makerstomi. Broun.
Dunse. Stevenson. Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Toronto. Sabine. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Gothaab. Block.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering. Gothaab. Block.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Manchester. Sturgeon. 1
Eutin. Schmidt. Near Nottingham. Lowe. 2
Mukerstoun. Broun. Dunse. Stevenson.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph. Yakoutsk. Kupffer.
Bonn. Schmidt. Amsterdam. 8
Gothaab. Block.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering. Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Bonn. Schmidt.
Gothaab. Block.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Gothaab. Block.
Bheims. Coulvier-Gravier. Spain. Rico. 4
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Gothaab. Block.
Neio Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Gothaab. Block.
1846.
Jan. 3. New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 4. London. 6 Gothaab. Block.
" 5. Gothaab. Block.
" 11. Gothaab. Block.
" 12. Gothaab. Block.
" 13. Gothaab. Block.
" 14. Jakobshavn. Rudolph. Gothaab. Block.
" 16. Gothaab. Block.
" 17. Gothaab. Block.
" 19. New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
i Phil. Mag. Third Series. XXVIH. p. 70.
2 Athenaeum, 1845, p. 1203.
8 Pogg. Ann. LXVII. 591.
4 Mem. Acad. Cienc. Madrid, III. 77.
6 L'Institut. Sci. Math. Phys. &c. XIV. 24.
Nov
16.
a
17.
u
17.
(C
18.
u
19.
LI
20.
a
21.
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27.
u
27.
Dec
2.
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2.
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3.
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3.
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3.
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3.
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3.
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3.
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4.
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4.
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5.
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6.
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13.
a
14.
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15.
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16.
ft
16.
a
17.
it
26.
a
27.
a
29.
a
30.
u
30.
it
31.
a
31.
Jan.
20.
ft
21.
u
23.
a
23.
a
24.
a
27.
a
28.
a
28.
a
28.
a
31.
Feb
1.
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4.
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14.
it
18.
a
19.
a
19.
a
20.
a
21.
it
22.
ft
23.
it
24.
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25.
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25.
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26.
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27.
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Mar. 1.
a
7.
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it
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15.
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16.
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17.
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18.
it
19.
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31.
Api
. 4.
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6.
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6.
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12.
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15.
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15.
Neio Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Gothaab. Block.
Neto Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
New York. Hough. Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Neio York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Newberry. Johnson.
Bonn. Schmidt. Gothaab. Block.
New Haven f Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph. Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph. Gothaab. Block.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Newberry. Johnson. Providence. Caswell.
Geneva. Schmidt. Malierstoun. Broun.
Makerstoun. Broun. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Christiania. Hansteen. Gothaab. Block.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Geneva. Schmidt. Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Makerstoun. Broun.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
New York. Hough. Cliristiania. Hansteen.
Gothaab. Block.
New York. Hough. Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
Gothaab. Block.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Makerstoun. Broun.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
142
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALI9.
Apr. 1 6.
" 16.
" 16.
" 16.
" 18.
" 19.
" 22.
" 24.
« 25.
May 3.
" 3.
« 4.
" 4.
" 10.
« 11.
" 12.
" 13.
" 13.
" 14.
" 17.
« 18.
« 18.
« 19.
" 19.
" 21.
" 23.
" 23.
« 30.
" 31.
June 8.
" 10.
" 14.
" 14.
July 12.
« 15.
" 20.
« 24.
" 25.
« 27.
" 31.
Aug. 2.
" 6.
" 10.
" 11.
" 11.
" 12.
" 13.
" 14.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Looniis.
New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Christiania. Hansteen. Makerstoun. Broun.
Toronto. Sabine.
Toronto. Sabine.
Christiania. Hansteen.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis. 1
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Toronto. Sabine.
Neio Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Hough.
Hough.
New York.
New Haven.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New Haven.
New Haven.
New York.
New York.
New York.
Toronto. Sabine.
New York. Hough.
Toronto. Sabine.
At Sea. Lyell. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough.
Toronto. Sabine.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Bond. Lovering.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New York.
Cambridge.
New Haven.
New Haven.
Toronto. Sabine.
New York. Hough.
l Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. XIV. Pt. I. p. 420.
Aug. 15.
" 16.
" 18.
" 21.
" 22.
" 24.
" 24.
" 24.
" 24.
" 25.
" 27.
" 27.
" 28.
" 28.
" 29.
" 29.
" 29.
" 30.
" 31.
Sept. 1.
9.
" 10.
" 10.
" 10.
" 11.
" 11.
" 11.
" 11.
" 12.
" 13.
" 14.
" 16.
" 17.
" 19.
" 20.
" 21.
" 21.
" 21.
" 21.
" 21.
" 21.
" 21.
" 22.
" 22.
' 22.
' 22.
' 22.
New York. Hough. Repidse Bay. Rae.
Toronto. Sabine.
New Haven? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Hansteen.
Bond. Lovering.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Hansteen. Makerstoun. Broun.
Christiania.
Cambridge.
New Haven.
New York.
Christiania.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Comrie, Perthshire. M'Farlane. 1
Christiania. Hansteen. Makerstoun. Broun.
Bonn. Schmidt. Christiania. Hansteen.
Toronto. Sabine.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Pidgejield, Conn. Bradley.
Christiania. Hansteen.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Christiania. Hansteen.
New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
New York. Hough.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New York. Hough. Makerstoun. Broun.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New York. Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Makerstoun. Broun. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Toronto. Sabine. Christiania. Hansteen.
Toronto. Sabine. Christiania. Hansteen.
Toronto. Sabine. Christiania. Hansteen.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Ashfeld, Mass. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough.
Providence. Caswell. Toronto. Sabine.
Durham. Chevallier. Norwich. Marshall. 2
Christiania. Hansteen. Comrie. M'Farlane.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Ashjie/d, Mass. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Repulse Bay. Rae. 8 Toronto. Sabine.
New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
1 Athenaeum, 1846, p. 917.
2 Proc. Brit. Assoc. XVI. 7.
8 Narrative of an Expedition, &c.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
143
Sept. 22. Makerstoun. Broun. Hoharton. Sabine.
" 22. Yakoutsk. Kupffer. Bonn. Schmidt.
" 23. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 23. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis,
" 23. New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
" 23. Hartford. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 23. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 24. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 25. New York. Hough.
" 27. England. Hough.
Oct. 2. New York. Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
" 7. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 7. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 8. New York. Hough. Makerstoun. Broun.
" 9. Makerstoun. Broun. Toronto. Sabine.
" 10. New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 11. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 11. Toronto. Sabine. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 12. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
" 15. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 15. New York. Hough.
" 16. Repulse Bay. Rae.
" 17. Repulse Bay. Rae. Ireland. Hough.
" 18. Repulse Bay. Rae.
" 19. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 19. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 19. New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
" 19. Christiania. Hansteen. Toronto. Sabine.
" 19. Makerstoun. Broun. Dunse. Stevenson.
" 19. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
" 20. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 21. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 21. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 21. New York. Hough.
" 21. Christiania. Hansteen. Repulse Bay. Rae.
" 21. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
" 22. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 22. Newberry. Johnson.
" 22. Makerstoun. Broun. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
" 24. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 25. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
" 27. Repulse Bay. Rae.
" 28. Repulse Bay. Rae. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
" 29. Repidse Bay. Rae.
Nov. 5. Repulse Bay. Rae.
" 6. Repulse Bay. Rae.
" 11. New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis. 3
" 11. Bonn. Schmidt.
1 Amer. Journ. Sci. Second Series, III. 126.
Nov. 13. New York. Hough.
" 13. Bonn. Schmidt. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 14. Repulse Bay. Rae.
" 1G. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 17. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 17. New York. Hough.
" 17. Bonn. Schmidt. Brussels. Quetelet.
" 17. Makerstoun. Broun. Dunse. Stevenson.
" 17. Kingstown, near London. Starkey.
" 17. Repulse Bay. Rae. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 18. Brussels. Quetelet.
" 20. Repidse Bay. Rae.
" 21. Bonn. Schmidt.
" 22. Repidse Bay. Rae. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
" 23. Repulse Bay. Rae.
" 25. Repulse Bay. Rae.
" 26. Yakoutsk. Kupffer.
" 30. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Dec 4. New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 4. Amsterdam. 1
" 5. Repulse Bay. Rae.
" 9. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 9. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 9. New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
" 9. Christiania. Hansteen. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
" 9. Makerstoun. Broun.
" 10. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 11. Bonn. Schmidt. Cliristiania. Hansteen.
" 13. Bonn. Schmidt. Repulse Bay. Rae.
" 13. Christiania. Hansteen. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
" 14. New Haven? Herrick. Newton and Loomjs.
" 14. Repulse Bay. Rae.
" 15. Repulse Bay. Rae. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
" 16. Bonn. Schmidt.
" 17. Repulse Bay. Rae. Bonn. Schmidt.
17. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
18. Repulse Bay. Rae.
21. Repulse Bay. Rae.
22. New York. Hough.
; 23. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
' 23. New York. Hough.
1 23. Christiania. Hansteen. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Jan. 2.
" 3.
" 4.
6.
Repulse Bay.
Repulse Bay.
Repulse Bay.
Repulse Bay.
1847.
Rae.
Rae.
Rae.
Rae.
» Pogg. Ann. LXVH.591.
144
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Jan. 8.
" 11.
" 12.
« 13.
" 13.
" 14.
« 16.
« 17.
" 17.
" 17.
" 18.
" 20.
" 21.
" 25.
" 2G.
" 28.
" 30.
Feb. 5.
C.
" 6.
6.
" 6.
" 7.
" 9?
" 10.
" 21.
" 22.
Mar. 1.
" 4.
" 5.
" 6.
8.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
17.
17.
18.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
19.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Repulse Bay. Rae.
Repulse Bay. Rae. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Bonn. Schmidt. Christiania. Hansteen.
Repulse Bay. Rae.
Bonn. Schmidt. Repulse Bay. Rae.
Repulse Bay. Rae.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New Fork. Hough.
Repulse Bay. Rae. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Repulse Bay. Rae. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Christiania. Hansteen.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough.
Repulse Bay. Rae.
Repulse Bay. Rae.
Makersioun. Broun. Dunse. Stevenson.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Makersioun. Broun. Dunse. Stevenson.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Repulse Bay. Rae.
Repulse Bay. Rae.
New York. Hough. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Cliristiania. Hansteen. Toronto. Sabine.
Christiania. Hansteen.
New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Newberry. Johnson.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Christiania. Hansteen.
New Haven? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Christiania. Hansteen. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
New York. Hough.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Rutin. Schmidt.
New York. Hough.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Newberry. Johnson. New York. Hough.
Boston. Washington, D. C. Hough.
Toronto. Sabine.
Providence, R. I. Caswell.
Mar. 19. Brussels. Quetelet. Buxton. Mann. 1
" 19. London. Adams. Amsterdam, fyc. 2
" 19. Cambridge, Eng. Challis and Potter.
" 19. Makerstoun. Broun.
" 22. New York. Hough.
" 28. New York. Hough.
Apr. 3. New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 3. Makerstoun. Broun. Repidse Bay. Rae.
" 4. New York. Hough.
" 6. New York. Hough.
" 7. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 7. Boston. Hale. Lovering.
" 7. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis. 8
" 7. Washington and Baltimore. Hough.
" 7. Neio York. Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
" 8. Toronto. Sabine.
" 10. New York. Hough.
" 11. New York. Hough.
" 13. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 14. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 15. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 16. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 16. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 19. Toronto. Sabine.
" 20. Hobarton, Van Dieman's Land. Sabine. 4
" 21. Christiania. Hansteen. Hobarton. Sabine.
May 7. New York. Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
" 9. New York. Hough.
" 15. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 15. New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
" 15. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 15. Sitka. Kupffer. 5
June 6. Brussels. Quetelet.
" 12. New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 12. New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
" 12. Providence. Caswell. Toronto. Sabine.
July 9. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 9. New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
" 9. Toronto. Sabine.
" 11. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 11. New York. Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
" 12. New York. Hough.
Aug. 3. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 3. New York. Hough.
" 4. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
1 Athenseum, 1847, p. 335.
2 Proc. Brit. Assoc. XVI. 7.
3 Amer. Journ. Sci. New Series. III. 440.
* Magnet, and Meteor. Observ. Hobarton, III. 324.
6 Annal. de l'Observ. Phys. Centrale de Russie, 1848, p. 373.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
145
Aug. 4.
4.
" 16.
" 21.
" 21.
" 22.
" 23.
" 24.
" 25.
Sept.10.
" 12.
" 13.
" 13.
" 15.
" 16.
" 16.
" 24.
" 24.
" 25.
" 26.
'• 26.
" 27.
" 28.
" 29.
" 29.
" 29.
" 29.
" 29.
" 29.
" 29.
" 30.
1.
3.
5.
6.
7.
8.
12.
13.
13.
14.
1.5.
16.
19.
19.
Oct.
Sitka. Kupffer.
Newton and Loomis.
New York. Plough. Toronto. Sabine.
Sitka. Kupffer.
Toronto. Sabine.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering. Toronto. Sabine.
Christiania. Hansteen. Sitka. Kupffer.
Near Rankin s Inlet. Rae. Sitka. Kupffer.
Makersloun. Broun.
Sitka. Kupffer.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Christiania. Hansteen.
New Haven. Herrick.
Sitka. Kupffer.
England. Germany. Irkutsk. Kupffer. 1 Bone.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Neio York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
England. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
Hobarton. Sabine.
Hobarton. Sabine.
England. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen,
Malcerstoun. Broun. Hobarton. Sabine.
Inverness, Scotland. Hough.
Near Louviers. 2
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering. »
Worcester. 3 Chandler.
Neiv Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Westmoreland. Sturgeon.* Swansea. Hough.
Christiania. Hansteen. Carlisle. Hough.
Makerstoun. Broun. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Westmoreland. Sturgeon.
Christiania.
Carlisle?
Christiania.
Christiania.
Jakobshavn.
Makersloun.
Hansteen. Borsley. ■ Havre. 1
Hansteen.
Hansteen.
Rudolph.
Broun.
Carlisle.
Toronto. Sabine.
Christiania. Hansteen. Toronto. Sabine.
New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
Westmoreland. Sturgeon.
Bonn. Schmidt. Toronto. Sabine.
Christiania. Hansteen. Toronto. Sabine.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Peru, N. Y. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Malcerstoun. Broun.
1 Annuaire Magnet, et Meteor, tie Russie, 1844.
2 Compt. Rend. XXV. 765.
3 Fifteenth Report of the Lunatic Asylum, p. 77, &c.
4 Mem. Lit. anil Phil. Soc. Manthest. VIII. 381.
6 Atbenreum, 1847, p. 1034 and 1058.
VOL. X.
Oct. 22.
" 23.
" 23.
" 24.
" 24.
" 24.
" 24.
" 24.
" 24.
" 24.
" 24.
" 25.
" 25.
" 26.
" 27.
" 29.
" 31.
Nov. 1.
1.
" 1.
" 1.
1.
2.
" 3.
" 5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
" 10.
" 10.
" 11.
" 11.
« 12.
" 12.
" 13.
" 14.
" 17.
" 17.
" 18.
" 19.
" 19.
" 22.
" 22.
Hobarton. Sabine.
New York. Hough.
Toronto. Sabine.
Hobarton. Sabine.
Barnaoul. Kupffer. Christiania. Hansteen.
New York. Hough. Hobarton. Sabine.
Durham. Chevallier. Cambridge. Challis. 1
Westmoreland. Sturgeon. York. Phillip.-.
Oxford. Rowell. Blackheath. Glaisher. 2
France. Brussels. Quetelct. Arago.
Germany. Jahn. 8 Spain. Rico.
Ireland. Christiania. Hansteen.
Barnaoul and Bogosfowski. Kupffer.
Paris. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
Makerstoun. Broun. Barnaoul. Kupffer. 4
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Cambridge, Oxford, fyc. England. Hough.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Christiania. Hansteen. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
France. Coulvier-Gravier. Arago.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Sitka. Kupffer. Westmoreland. Sturgeon.
Bonn. Schmidt.
New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
Toronto. Sabine.
Sitka. Kupffer.
New York. Hough. Sitka. Kupffer.
Sitka. Kupffer.
Toronto. Sabine.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Christiania. Hansteen.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Providence, E. I? Caswell.
Christiania. Hansteen.
New York. Hough.
Ne%v York. Hough.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Brussels. Quetelet.
Schmidt. Jahn.
Makerstoun. Broun. Dunse. Stevenson.
New York. Hough.
Catharinebourg. Kupffer. 5
19
1 Athenaeum, 1847, p. 1152.
2 Edin. New Phil. Journ. XLIV. 91. Phil. Mag. XXXI. 369.
8 Sitzangsbericht. derKfliaerl. Akademie, &c.Wien. XXIII. 262.
4 Annal. de l'Observ. Phys. Centrale de Russie, 1847, pp. 233
et 353.
6 Annal. de l'Observ. Phys. Centrale de Russie, 1847, p. 147 .
146
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Nov. 22. Koursk and Bogoslowski. Kupffer. 1
" 25. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 25. New York. Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
" 25. Worcester. Chandler. Makerstonn. Broun.
•' 26. New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 26. New Fork. Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
" 26. Providence ? Caswell. Worcester. Chandler.
" 26. Makerstoun. Broun.
" 27. New York. Hough. Makerstoun. Broun.
Dec. 1. Christiania. Hansteen.
2. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 3. Christiania. Hansteen.
4. New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 4. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 7. New York. Hough.
" 8. New York. Hough. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
" 8. Sitka. Kupffer. Schmidt.
" 10. Schmidt.
" 15. New Haven? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 16. Wurtemberg. Deniidoff. 2 Toronto. Sabine.
" 17. New York. Hough. Toronto. Sabine.
" 17. Brussels. Quetelet. Eutin. Schmidt.
" 17. France. Rigault. Arago.
" 17. Neuchatel. Coulon. 8
•' 17. Italy. Uemidoff. Gorki. Kupffer. 4
" 17. Yakoutsk and Sitka. Kupffer.
" 18. Toronto. Sabine. Eutin. Schmidt.
" 18. Yakoutsk. Kupffer.
" 1 9. New Haven f Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 19. Worcester. Chandler. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 19. Catharinebourg. Kupffer. Eutin. Schmidt.
" 20. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 20. New York. Hough. Eutin. Schmidt.
" 20. Makerstoun. Broun.
" 20. Zlatoouste. Kupffer. 6 Hobarton. Sabine.
" 29. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
" 31. Leipsic. Carlsru/ie, Wurtemberg, fyc. Jahn.
1848.
3. New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
3. New York. Hough.
Jan.
1 Annal. de l'Observ. Phys. Centrale de Russie, 1858, Suppl.
p. 85.
2 L'Institut. Sci. Math. Phys, &c. XVI. 10.
s Bull. Soe. Sci. Nat. Neuchatel. II. 194.
4 Annal. de l'Observ. Phys. Centrale de Russie, 1852, Suppl.
p. 49.
4 Annal. de l'Observ. Phys. Centrale de Russie, 1847, p. 387.
Jan. 3. Kingston and Toronto. Lefroy. 1
" 6. New York. Hough.
" 6. London, Canada West. Lefroy.
" 10. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
" 11. Neio York. Hough.
" 11. Kingston, Toronto, and London. Lefroy.
" 12. Christiania. Hansteen. Yakoutsk. Kupffer.
" 13. Christiania. Hansteen. Dunse. Stevenson.
" 14. Coulvier-Gravier. 2
" 15. Kingston and London. Lefroy
" 1 6. East Hartford. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 16. New York. Hough.
" 16. Kingston, Toronto, and London- Lefroy.
" 17. New York. Hough.
" 19. New York. Hough.
" 20. Montreal. Hough.
" 23. New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 23. New York. Hough. Kingston. Lefroy.
" 23. Bussio 1 Hough.
" 24. Christiania. Hansteen. Russia! Hough.
" 25. Russia? Hough.
" 26. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 27. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
" 28. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 28. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 28. Neio York. Plough. Newberry. Johnson.
" 28. Montreal, Kingston, and London. Lefroy.
" 28. Bonn. Schmidt.
" 29. Kingston. Lefroy. Yakoutsk. Kupffer. Jahn.
Feb. 2. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
" 4. Neio Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loom's.
" 6. New Haven. Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
" 6. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 6. Quebec, Montreal, and Kingston. Lefroy.
" 7. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 7. Neio York. Hough. Toronto. Lefroy.
" 7. Quebec, Montreal, and Kingston. Lefroy.
" 8. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 8. New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
" 8. Newberry. Johnson. Toronto. Lefroy.
" 8. Quebec, Montreal, and Kingston. Lefroy.
" 12. Montreal. Lefroy.
" 13. Montreal. Lefroy.
" 14. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 1 4. Montreal and Toronto. Lefroy.
" 15. New York. Hough.
" 18. New York. Hough.
i Phil. Mag. Third Series, XXXVI. 457.
2 Compt. Rend. XXVIII. 89.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
14'
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Mew York: Hougli.
Cumberland, Md. Ilcrrick. Newton and L.
London, Canada West. Lefroy.
Makerstoun. Broun. England. Hough.
Dunse. Stevenson.
New Haven. Ilerrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Newberry. Johnson. Worcester. Chandler. 1
Quebec and Montreal. Lefroy.
Kingston, Toronto, and London. Lefroy.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Cliristiania. Hansteen. Schmidt.
Makerstoun. Broun. Yakoutsk. Kupffer.
L,eipsic, Pegau, Lutsen, fyc. Jahn.
Toronto. Lefroy. Sitka. Kupffer.
Makerstoun. Broun. Dunse. Stevenson.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Worcester. Chandler.
Quebec and Montreal. Lefroy.
Kingston, Toronto, and London. Lefroy.
Christiania. Hansteen. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Quebec and Montreal. Lefroy.
Kingston, Toronto, and London. Lefroy.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Yakoutsk and Barnaoid. Kupffer.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Newberry. Johnson.
Quebec and Montreal.
New Haven. Herrick.
Mon/pelier. Roche.
Quebec. Lefroy.
Kingston. Lefroy.
Montreal and Toronto.
Cliristiania. Hansteen.
New York. Hough.
Montreal, Kingston, and Toronto.
Bonn. Schmidt. Bone.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Toronto and London. Lefroy.
Kingston. Lefroy.
Quebec, Monti eal, and Toronto. Lefroy.
Quebec and Montreal. Lefroy.
Kingston and Toronto. Lefroy.
1 Sixteenth Report of the Lunatic Asylum, p. 60.
M
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it
20.
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20.
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20.
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20.
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Newton and Loomis.
Lefroy.
Lefroy.
Mai
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19.
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20.
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21.
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30.
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31.
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6.
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6.
«
6.
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G.
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6.
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7.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Kingston and Toronto.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Quebec. Lefroy.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Cambridge.
New York.
Cambridge.
New Haven.
New York.
3fakerstotm. Broun.
Lefroy.
Schmidt.
Lefroy.
Bond. Lovering.
Hough. Quebec.
Bond. Lovering.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hougli. Providence. Caswell.
Quebec and Montreal. Lefroy.
Kingston and Toronto. Lefroy.
Makerstoun. Broun. Hobarton. Sabine.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New York. Hough.
Toronto. Lefroy.
New York. Hough.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough.
Montreal and Kingston. Lefroy.
Toronto ? Lefroy.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hougli.
Quebec and Montreal. Lefroy.
Kingston, Toronto, and London. Lefroy.
New Haven. Ilerrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Worcester. Chandler.
Kingston, Toronto, and London. Lefroy.
Quebec and Montreal. Lefroy. Jahn.
New York. Hough. Quebec. Lefroy.
Kingston and Toronto. Lefroy.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New York. Hough.
Quebec and Montreal. Lefroy.
Kingston, Toronto, and London.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Boston. Hale. Lovering.
Worcester. Chandler.
New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Newberry. Johnson. Hobarton. Sabine.
Quebec and Montreal. Lefroy.
Kingston, Toronto, and London. Lefroy.
Aix-la-Chapelle. Heis. 1 Jahn.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
i Bull, de l'Aead. Brux. XVI. Pt. I. p. 4.
Lefroy.
148
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Apr. 7.
Lefroy.
Chandler.
Lefroy.
Lefroy.
Johnson.
New York. Hough.
Quebec and Montreal. Lefroy.
Kingston, Toronto, and London.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Montreal and Kingston. Lefroy.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New York. Hough. Worcester.
Montreal, Kingston, and Toronto.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Kingston. Lefroy.
Quebec. Lefroy. Christiania. Hansteen.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Quebec. Lefroy.
Kingston, Halifax, and Toronto. Lefroy.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Toronto and London. Lefroy.
Toronto. Lefroy. Inveresk. Broun. 1
Quebec ? Lefroy.
New Haven. Herriek. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
Quebec and Montreal. Lefroy.
Kingston, Toronto, and London.
Makerstoun. Broun.
New York. Hough. Newberry.
Quebec and Montreal. Lefroy.
Kingston and Toronto. Lefroy.
Toronto. Lefroy.
Quebec. Lefroy.
Montreal, Kingston, and Toronto.
Quebec and Toronto. Lefroy.
Makerstoun. Broun.
New York. Hough.
Quebec and Toronto. Lefroy.
New Haven. Herriek. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough.
Quebec and Kingston. Lefroy.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Kingston. Lefroy.
Worcester. Chandler.
Kingston, Toronto, and London. Lefroy.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Kingston and Toronto. Lefroy.
Toronto. Lefroy.
New Haven. Herriek. Newton and Loomis.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herriek. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Kingston, Toronto, and London. Lefroy.
i Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. XIX. Pt. II. p. lxxix.
tt
7.
u
7.
it
9.
u
15.
a
15.
it
15.
a
15.
u
16.
u
17.
a
17.
a
20.
a
21.
it
21.
u
23.
U
24.
u
26.
u
29.
u
29.
u
29.
a
29.
a
29.
u
30.
u
30.
a
30.
May 2.
u
4.
a
7.
a
8.
it
10.
a
13.
a
17.
u
18.
a
18.
If
18.
a
18.
u
22.
a
24.
a
24.
a
25.
a
25.
u
26.
44
27.
••
31.
ft
31.
a
31.
tt
31.
Lefroy.
June 1.
tt
3.
a
3.
a
5.
it
9.
a
22.
a
22.
a
28.
u
29.
July 1.
2.
«
3.
tt
3.
u
3.
ft
4.
CI
4.
cc
4.
u
5.
u
7.
a
10.
u
11.
a
11.
a
11.
u
11.
tt
11.
u
12.
a
23.
u
23.
a
24.
a
27.
a
28.
tt
29.
Aug
u
. 1.
3.
ti
6.
cc
8.
ft
8.
«
8.
CI
8.
ft
9.
ft
14.
ft
17.
ft
19.
ft
20.
ft
21.
ft
21.
ft
21.
ft
21.
ft
21.
ft
22.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Montreal and Kingston. Lefroy.
Kingston. Lefroy.
Kingston. Lefroy.
New Haven. Herriek. Newton and Loomis.
Toronto. Lefroy.
London, Canada West. Lefroy.
Quebec, Kingston, and Toronto. Lefroy.
Edinburgh. Boue. Inveresk. Broun.
Edinburgh. Boue. Inveresk. Broun.
New Haven. Herriek. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough.
Kingston, Toronto, and London. Lefroy.
New Haven. Herriek. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Worcester. Chandler.
Kingston and Toronto. Lefroy.
Kingston. Lefroy.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Quebec and Montreal. Lefroy.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Worcester. Chandler.
Xiir Ilaren. Herriek. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Kingston and Toronto. Lefroy.
New York. Hough.
New Haven. Herriek. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Inveresk. Broun.
London, Canada West. Lefroy.
London, Canada West. Lefroy.
Kingston. Lefroy.
Kingston. Lefroy.
Montreal and Kingston. Lefroy.
Montreal. Lefroy.
Christiania. Hansteen.
New Haven. Herriek. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Toronto. Lefroy.
Quebec, Montreal, and Kingston. Lefroy.
Christiania. Hansteen. Inveresk. Broun.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Franconia, N H. Hough.
Portsmouth, England. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New Haven. Herriek. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Newberry.- Johnson.
Quebec and Montreal. Lefroy.
Kingston, Toronto, and London. Lefroy.
Christiania. Hansteen.
New Haven. Herriek. Newton and Loomis.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
149
Aug. 22. Quebec, Montreal, and London. Lefroy.
" 28. Toronto. Lefroy.
" 29. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 31. Christiania. Hansteen.
Sept. 3. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 3. Quebec and Kingston. Lefroy.
" 4. Newberry. Johnson. Toronto. Lefroy.
" 4. Quebec, Montreal, and Kingston. Lefroy.
" 4. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 5. Makerstoun. Broun.
" 9. New York. Hough.
" 12. Russia. Hough.
" 13. Russia. Hough.
" 17. Kingston. Lefroy. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 18. Quebec and Kingston. Lefroy.
" 18. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 19. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 20. Toronto. Lefroy.
" 29. Toronto. Lefroy.
" 30. Toronto. Lefroy.
Oct. 1. Fort Confidence, Gr. Br. Lake. Richardson. 1
" 2. Quebec. Lefroy.
" 4. Quebec. Lefroy.
" 5. New York. Hough.
" 6. Cambridge ? Bond. 2 Lovering.
" 8. New York. Hough. Toronto. Lefroy.
" 8. Quebec, Montreal, and Kingston. Lefroy.
" 10. New York. Hough.
" 13. Fort Confidence. Richardson.
" 17. New Haven and Virginia. Hough.
" 17. Toronto. Lefroy. England. Hough.
" 17. Fort Confidence. Richardson.
" 18. Toronto. Lefroy. Virginia. Hough.
" 18. Fort Confidence. Richardson.
" 18. Prestwich. Sturgeon. 3 Dunse. Stevenson.
" 18. Stonyhurst. Weld. 4
" 18. Gorki. Kupffer. Spain. Rico. 6
" 18. Kremsominster. Littrow. Arago.
" 18. Christiania. Hansteen. Koursk. Kupffer.
" 18. Makerstoun. Broun. Hobarton. Sabine.
" 19. Worcester. Chandler.
" 19. London, Canada West. Lefroy.
" 19. Stonyhurst. Weld. Schmidt. Jahn.
" 19. Christiania. Hansteen. Yakoutsk. Kupffer.
1 Magnet, and Meteor. Obserr. at Lake Athabasca, &c. p. 329.
' 2 New York Tribune of Oct. 10.
3 Edin. New Phil. Journ. XL VII. 148.
4 Phil. Mag. Third Series, XXXIII. 376.
6 Mem. Acad. Cienc. Madrid, III. 77.
Oct. 19.
" 19.
" 20.
" 20.
" 20.
" 21.
" 21.
" 21.
" 22.
" 22.
" 22.
" 23.
" 23.
" 23.
" 23.
" 23.
« 23.
" 23.
" 23.
" 24.
" 24.
" 24.
" 24.
" 24.
" 25.
" 25.
" 25.
" 25.
" 25.
" 25.
" 25.
" 26.
" 26.
" 26.
" 26.
" 27.
" 27.
" 27.
" 28.
" 28.
" 29.
" 30.
" 30.
" 30.
" 31.
Nov. 1.
" 1.
•" 2.
" 2.
" 3.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Stonyhurst. Weld. Christiania. Hansteen.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
England. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough.
Kingston, Toronto, and London. Lefroy.
Makerstoun. Broun. Schmidt. Jahn.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Providence, Rhode Island. Caswell.
New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
Montreal, Toronto, and Kingston. Lefroy.
Aix-la-Chapelle. Heis. Schmidt. Jahn.
Koursk. Kupffer. Christiania. Hansteen.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Toronto. Lefroy. Schmidt.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Paris. De la Pylaie. Jahn.
Aix-la- Chapelle. Heis.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Bond. Lovering.
Cambridge.
Providence.
New Haven
New York.
Caswell.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
Quebec and Toronto. Lefroy.
Aix-la-Chapelle. Heis. Schmidt. Jahn.
Fort Confidence. ~R\c\\a.Y(is,cm. Koursk. Kupffer.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Aix-la-Chapelle. Heis. Schmidt. Jahn.
Christiania. Hansteen. Makerstoun. Broun.
Nexoberry. Johnson. Quebec. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Prestwich. Sturgeon. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Newberry. Johnson. Quebec. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson. Schmidt.
Kingston. Lefroy.
New York. Hough.
Quebec. Lefroy. Schmidt.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Kingston and Toronto. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Newberry. Johnson.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
150
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Nov. 4.
Lefroy.
Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Fort Cbw/Wenee.Richardson. T'oeWsA-.Kupffer. 1
Toronto. Lefroy. Tobolsk. Kupffer.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Cracow. Boue. 2
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Toronto. Lefroy.
Toronto. Lefroy. Christiania. Hansteen.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis. 8
Maine. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
Toronto, Montreal, and Kingston.
Quebec, London, Penetanguishene.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
California. Cuba. Poey. 4
Prestwich. Sturgeon. Northampton. Watkins. 5
Brussels. Quetelet. Arago. Gorki. Kupffer.
Makerstoun. Broun. Dunse. Stevenson.
Aix-la-Chapelle. Heis. Alsen. Brorsen. Jahn.
Italy, Greece, Asia. Spain. Rico.
Bamaoul and Lougan. Kupffer.
Catharinebourg and Koursk. Kupffer. 6
Bogoslowski and Lougan. Kupffer.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Worcester. Chandler. New York. Hough.
Quebec and Toronto. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Aix-la-Chapelle. Heis. Jahn.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Quebec and Toronto. Lefroy.
Yakoutsk. Kupffer.
Christiania. Hansteen. Schmidt.
Hobarton, V. D. Land. Sahine.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
i Annal. de l'Observ. Phys. Centrale de Russie, 1859, Suppl.
p. 170.
« Kreil's Jahrbueh fur Prag. I. 312.
8 Amer. Journ. Sci. Second Series, VII. 127.
4 Amer. Journ. Sci. Second Series. VII. 127.
6 Phil. Mag. Third Series, XXXV. 69.
6 Annal. de 1'ObserT. Phys. Centrale de Russie, 184S, pp. 147,
813, 517 and 581.
u
5.
a
6.
tt
7.
CI
9.
((
10.
tt
10.
«
11.
(I
14.
a
14.
tt
15.
li
15.
tt
15.
u
16.
a
17.
it
17.
tt
17.
a
17.
u
17.
u
17.
a
17.
ft
17.
u
17.
It
17.
u
17.
a
17.
it
17.
a
17.
a
17.
«
17.
<(
18.
tt
18.
a
18.
u
18.
tt
18.
tt
18.
it
19.
«
19.
u
19.
u
19.
»
19.
<(
20.
Nov. 21. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 21. Worcester. Chandler. Providence. Caswell.
" 21. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 21. New York. Hough. Yakoutsk. Kupffer.
" 21. Toronto and London, C. W. Lefroy.
" 21. Fort Confidence. Richardson.
" 21. Makerstoun. Broun. Dunse. Stevenson.
" 21. Brussels. Quetelet. Prestwich. Sturgeon.
" 21. Aix-la-Chapelle. Heis. Schmidt. Jahn.
" 22. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 22. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 22. Quebec and Toronto. Lefroy.
" 22. Aix-la-Chapelle. Heis. Schmidt. Jahn.
" 22. Makerstoun. Broun. Russia ? Hough.
" 22. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
" 23. Neic Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 23. New York. Hough.
" 23. Quebec and Kingston. Lefroy.
" 23. Toronto and Penetanguishene. Lefroy.
" 24. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 24. Fort Confidence. Richardson.
" 25. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 25. Toronto? Lefroy. Tobolsk. Kupffer.
" 25. Fort Confidence. Richardson.
" 25. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
" 26. Neiv Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 26. Providence. Caswell. New York. Hough.
" 26. Kingston, Toronto, and London. Lefroy.
" 26. Newfoundland and Quebec. Lefroy.
" 26. Fort Confidence. Richardson.
" 26. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
" 27. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 27. New York. Hough.
" 27. Newfoundland and Toronto. Lefroy.
" 27. Fort Confidence. Richardson.
" 27. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 28. Worcester. Chandler.
" 28. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 28. Fort Confidence. Richardson.
" 29. New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 29. Fort Confidence. Richardson.
" 30. Montreal. Lefroy. Makerstoun. Broun.
" 30. Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Dec. 1. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 1. Fort Confidence. Richardson.
" 2. Newfoundland. Lefroy.
" 2. Fort Confidence. Richardson.
" 3. Fort Confidence. Richardson.
" 3. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
151
Dec.
4.
5.
7.
8.
8.
9.
10.
12.
12.
13.
13.
13.
14.
14.
16.
16.
17.
17.
17.
17.
17.
17.
17.
17.
18.
18.
18.
18.
19.
19.
20.
21.
21.
21.
22.
22.
22.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
23.
24.
25.
25.
25.
26.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Kingston. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Neio Fork. Hough.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Newfoundland. Lefroy.
Aix-la-Chapelle. Heis. Jahn.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Newfoundland. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
New Haven. Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Providence. Caswell. New York. Hough.
Quebec and Kingston. Lefroy.
Toronto and London. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Sturgeon.
Dunse. Stevenson.
Mahersloun. Broun.
Lefroy.
Sabine.
Prestwich.
Leipsic. Jahn.
Christiania. Hansteen,
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis,
Toronto and London. Lefroy.
Newfoundland and Kingston.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Quebec and London. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Newfoundland. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Makerstoun. Broun. Hobarton.
Kingston. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Providence. Caswell. New York. Hough.
Newberry. Johnson.
Newfoundland and Penetanguishene. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Newfoundland. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Worcester. Chandler. New York. Hough.
)ec
.20.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomi
(i
26.
Montreal and Kt
ngston. Lefroy.
u
20.
Newfoundland and Quebec. Lefroy.
u
26.
Fort Confidence.
Richardson.
u
26.
t Jakobshavn. Ri
dolph.
t(
27.
New York. Hough.
((
27.
Fort Confidence.
Richardson.
u
28.
Fort Confidence.
Richardson.
((
29.
Fort Confidence.
Richardson.
u
30.
Fort Confidence.
Richardson.
a
31.
Fort Confidence.
Richardson.
u
31.
Jakobshavn. Ri
idolph.
Jan. 4.
5.
" 7.
" 10.
" 11.
" 11.
" 11.
" 14.
" 14.
" 14.
" 14.
" 14.
" 14.
" 14.
" 14.
" 15.
" 15.
" 15.
" 15.
" 15.
" 16.
" 16.
" 17.
" 17.
" 19.
" 20.
" 20.
" 22.
" 22.
" 23.
" 23.
" 24.
" 25.
" 25.
1849.
England. Hough. Fort Con/? ofence.Richardson.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Newfoundland and Quebec. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Quebec. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Providence, R. I. Caswell.
New Haven? Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
Kingston, Toronto, and Halifax. Lefroy.
Newfoundland and Quebec. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Prestwich. Sturgeon. Christiania. Hansteen.
Makerstoun. Broun. Paris. Hough.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Penetanguishene. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
New York. Hough. Toronto. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Newfoundland. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Newfoundland. Lefroy.
Makerstoun. Broun.
152
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Toronto. Lefroy.
Christiania. Hansteen. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Smeena. Boue. 1
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
New York. Hough.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Quebec. Lefroy.
Quebec. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Quebec and Montreal. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Christiania. Hansteen.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis,
Neic York. Hough. Xeicberry. Johnson.
Quebec, Toronto, and Halifax. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Toronto. Lefroy.
Quebec and Penetanguishene.
Montreal and Newfoundland.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Providence. Caswell. New York. Hough.
Toronto and London, C. W. Lefroy.
Newfoundland and Quebec. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
New York. Hough.
Penetanguishene. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
New Haven ? Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Neieberry. Johnson.
Quebec, Kingston, and Toronto. Lefroy.
London and Penetanguishene. Lefroy.
England. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Newberry. Johnson. Newfoundland. Lefroy.
Quebec, Toronto, and Halifax. Lefroy.
1 Kreil's Jahrbuch fur Prag. I. 415.
Jan.
26.
u
26.
tt
26.
a
27.
a
27.
a
28.
it
30.
tt
30.
a
31.
Feb
1.
tt
2.
tt
3.
it
9.
a
10.
u
11.
a
11.
it
11.
a
12.
u
12.
a
12.
u
13.
a
13.
it
13.
a
13.
a
13.
tt
14.
tt
15.
tt
15.
U
16.
tt
16.
it
16.
it
16.
tt
16.
tt
17.
tt
17.
tt
17.
it
18.
it
18.
a
18.
a
18.
a
18.
a
18.
a
19.
a
19.
it
19.
a
19.
tt
19.
Lefroy.
Lefroy.
Feb. 19. Fort Confidence. Richardson.
" 19. Prestwich. Sturgeon. Dunse. Stevenson.
" 19. Makerstoun. Broun. Leipsic. Jahn.
" 20. Quebec and Halifax. Lefroy.
" 20. Newfoundland. Lefroy. Tobolsk. Kupffer.
" 20. Fort Confidence. Richardson.
" 20. Christiania. Hansteen. Dunse. Stevenson.
" 20. Makerstoun. Broun. Leipsic. Jahn.
" 21. New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
" 21. Quebec and Halifax. Lefroy.
" 21. Fort Confidence. Richardson.
" 21. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 21. Makerstoun. Broun. Leipsic. Jahn.
" 22. Newfoundland. Lefroy. Koursk. Kupffer.
" 22. Bonn. Schmidt. Oxford. Slatter. 1
" 22. Brussels. Quetelet. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 22. Makerstoun. Broun. Leipsic. Jahn.
" 23. Newfoundland. Lefroy.
" 23. Fort Confidence. Richardson.
" 23. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 24. Makerstoun. Broun.
" 24. Fort Confidence. Richardson.
" 25. Quebec. Lefroy.
" 25. Fort Confidence. Richardson. Schmidt.
" 26. Toronto and Penetanguishene. Lefroy.
" 26. Newfoundland and Kingston. Lefroy.
" 26. Fort Confidence. Richardson.
" 26. Aix-la-Chapelle. Heis. 2
" 26. Makerstoun. Broun.
" 27. Montreal, Kingston, and Toronto. Lefroy.
" 27. Halifax and Penetanguishene. Lefroy.
" 27. Netcfoundland, Quebec, and London. Lefroy.
" 27. Fort Confidence. Richardson.
" 27. Brussels. Quetelet. Leipsic. Jahn. Schmidt.
" 27. Aix-la-Chapelle. Heis. Pegav. Kuhn. Jahn.
" 28. New York. Hough. Makerstoun. Broun.
Mar. 1. Fort Confidence. Richardson.
" 3. Fort Confidence. Richardson.
" 6. Quebec. Lefroy.
" 6. Fort Confidence. Richardson.
" 8. Fort Confidence. Richardson.
" 9. London, C. W. Lefroy.
" 11. Fort Confidence. Richardson.
" 12. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 12. Fort Confidence. Richardson.
" 14. New York. Hough. Illinois.
" 14. Fort Confidence. Richardson.
1 Phil. Mag. Third Series, XXXV. 71.
2 Bull, de l'Aead. Brux. XVIII. Pt. II.
47.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
153
Kingston. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Aix-la- Chapelle. Heis .
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Worcester. Chandler. 1 New York. Hough.
Kingston, Toronto, and London. Lefroy.
Halifax, Bruce Mines, Lake Huron. Lefroy.
Newfoundland and Quebec. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Worcester, Mass. Chandler.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Providence. Caswell. New York. Hough.
Quebec, Montreal, and Kingston. Lefroy.
Toronto, London, and Bruce Mines. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Christiania. Hansteen. Makerstoun. Broun.
Worcester. Chandler. New York. Hough.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Makerstoun. Broun.
New York. Hough.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Toronto. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
New York. Hough.
Toronto and Halifax. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Toronto and London. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
New York. Hough. Toronto. Lefroy.
Christiania. Hansteen.
New York. Hough.
Toronto and London, C. W. Lefroy.
Newfoundland and Kingston. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Toronto. Lefroy.
New Haven. Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
Toronto and Halifax. Lefroy.
New York. Hough.
Quebec, Montreal, and London. Lefroy.
Halifax. Lefroy.
Fori Confidence. Richardson.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
1 Seventeenth Report of the Lunatic Asvlutn, p. 68.
VOL. X. 20
Ua
r. 15.
a
15.
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16.
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17.
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tt
17.
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17.
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18.
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18.
it
18.
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18.
it
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18.
a
18.
tc
19.
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19.
((
19.
a
19.
a
20.
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20.
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21.
tt
21.
it
22.
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24.
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25.
a
25.
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25.
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26.
a
26.
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27.
it
28.
tl
30.
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30.
a
30.
a
30.
tt
31.
\\i
-. 1.
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1.
a
2.
a
2.
tt
4.
tt
4.
Apr. 11.
a
12.
K
13.
((
13.
(I
13.
tt
13.
((
14.
a
14.
if
14.
to
15.
it
15.
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15.
a
16.
tt
16.
tt
16.
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17.
ti
17.
a
17.
u
17.
a
18.
a
18.
ti
18.
a
19.
tt
20.
CI
20.
tt
20.
(1
21.
tt
21.
tt
22.
a
24.
a
24.
a
25.
tt
25.
a
26.
a
27.
u
28.
u
29.
u
30.
a
30.
May 1.
« 6.
u
11.
tt
12.
it
12.
u
14.
C(
17.
it
20.
it
21.
It
23.
•'
25.
Kingston. Lefroy.
Christiania. Hansteen.
New York. Hough.
Montreal, Toronto, and Halifax. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Quebec. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Newfoundland. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Christiania. Hansteen.
New York. Hough.
Toronto, London, and Halifax. Lefroy.
Makerstoun. Broun. Christiania. Hansteen.
Worcester. Chandler. New York. Hough.
Montreal and Halifax. Lefroy.
Newfoundland and Quebec. Lefroy.
Makerstoun. Broun.
Quebec and Montreal. Lefroy.
Newfoundland. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Toronto and Halifax. Lefroy.
Newfoundland. Lefroy.
Quebec and Halifax. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Richardson.
Newfoundland and Toronto. Lefroy.
Kingston and London. Lefroy.
Newfoundland and Montreal. Lefroy.
New York. Hough.
Newfoundland. Lefroy.
Newfoundland. Lefroy.
Newfoundland and Quebec. Lefroy.
London, C. W. Lefroy.
Halifax ? and Quebec. Lefroy.
New York. Hough.
Newfoundland. Lefroy.
Quebec and Halifax. Lefroy.
Halifax. Lefroy.
Newfoundland and Halifax. Lefroy.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Newberry. Johnson.
Toronto and London.
Halifax and Toronto.
Toronto. Lefroy.
Toronto. Lefroy.
Toronto ? Lefroy.
Kingston and Toronto.
Lefroy.
Lefroy.
Lefroy.
154
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
May 26. Kingston. Lefroy.
" 27. Montreal. Lefroy.
June 5. Dorpat. Miidler. Jahn.
" C. Quebec. Lefroy.
" 8. Kingston. Lefroy.
" 10. New York. Hough.
" 12. Neio Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 14. New York. Hough. Quebec. Lefroy.
" 1 6. Quebec ? Lefroy.
" 17. New York. Hough. Montreal. Lefroy.
" 18. Montreal. Lefroy.
" 19. New York. Hough.
" 20. Toronto and London. Lefroy.
" 20. Newfoundland and Quebec. Lefroy.
" 22. Toronto. Lefroy.
" 24. Kingston and London. Lefroy.
" 25. Halifax? Lefroy.
" 26. Warren Centre, Connecticut. Hough.
" 27. Quebec. Lefroy.
" 29. New York. Hough.
July 3. Halifax. Lefroy.
" 4. Halifax. Lefroy.
" 5. Toronto. Lefroy.
" 9. New York. Hough.
" 9. Newfoundland and Toronto. Lefroy.
" 10. Toronto. Lefroy.
" 12. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 12. New York. Hough. London, C. W. Lefroy.
" 13. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 14. New York. Hough.
" 20. Toronto. Lefroy.
" 21. Newfoundland. Lefroy.
" 22. New York. Hough.
" 22. Quebec and Toronto. Lefroy.
" 23. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 23. New York. Hough.
" 23. Montreal, Kingston, and Toronto. Lefroy.
" 23. Newfoundland and Quebec. Lefroy.
" 23. Halifax and London, C. W. Lefroy.
" 24. New York. Hough.
" 26. Toronto. Lefroy.
" 31. Montreal and Quebec. Lefroy.
" 31. Kingston, Toronto, and London. Lefroy.
" 31. Newfoundland. Lefroy.
" 31. Christiania. Hansteen.
Aug. 2. Toronto. Lefroy.
" 4. Newfoundland and Kingston. Lefroy.
" 12. New York. Hough.
" 12. Fenelon Falls and London. Lefroy.
" 12. Newfoundland and Toronto. Lefroy.
New York. Hough.
Middlebury, Yt. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Kingston and Newfoundland. Lefroy.
Montreal. McGinn. Lefroy. 1
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Toronto and London. Lefroy.
Newfoundland. Lefroy.
Kingston and Toronto. Lefroy.
Halifax and Quebec. Lefroy.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Quebec. Lefroy.
New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
Fort Macpherson. Hooper.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough.
Newfoundland and Toronto. Lefroy.
Fort Macpherson. Hooper.
New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
Kingston, Toronto, and London. Lefroy.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Montreal. Lefroy.
New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Pittsfield. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Near Portland.Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Newfoundland and Kingston. Lefroy.
Halifax and Toronto. Lefroy.
Fort Macpherson. Hooper. Sitka. KupfFer. a
New York. Hough.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough.
Newfoundland and Montreal. Lefroy.
Fort Macpherson. Hooper.
New York. Hough.
Fenelon Falls and Toronto. Lefroy.
Fort Macpherson. Hooper.
Makersioun. Broun.
Worcester. Chandler. Newberry. Johnson.
Providence. Caswell. New York. 'Hough.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Montreal, Kingston, and Toronto. Lefroy.
Halifax and Fenelon Falls. Lefroy.
Newfoundland and Quebec. Lefroy.
Makerstoun. Broun.
New York. Hough.
Quebec and Montreal. Lefroy.
i Phil. Mag. Third Series, XXXVX 545.
2 Annal. de l'Observ. Phys. Centrale de Russie, 1849, p. 377.
Aug
.13.
a
13.
u
13.
u
13.
a
17.
it
18.
a
18.
a
20.
a
21.
a
22.
u
27.
u
28.
Sept. 3.
((
6.
U
6.
a
7.
a
7.
a
7.
a
7.
u
8.
It
8.
tt
9.
a
9.
a
12.
a
12.
tt
12.
a
12.
a
12.
a
12.
a
13.
u
16.
a
16.
a
16.
tt
16.
a
17.
a
17.
a
17.
u
17.
a
18.
u
18.
a
18.
a
18.
tt
18.
a
18.
a
18.
it
19.
a
19.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
155
Sept.19. Halifax and Fenelon Falls. Lefroy.
" 19. Fort Macpherson. Hooper.
" 19. Makerstoun. Broun.
" 20. New York. Hough.
" 21. Halifax. Lefroy.
" 23. New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 24. Kingston and Toronto. Lefroy.
" 24. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 25. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
" 27. Newberry. Johnson. Schmidt.
" 27. Fort Good Hope. Hooper.
" 27. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
" 29. Montreal and Kingston. Lefroy.
" 29. Newfoundland and Quebec. Lefroy.
" 29. Dunse. Stevenson.
Oct. 1. New York. Hough. England. Hough.
" 4. New York. Hough.
" 7. Montreal and Kingston. Lefroy.
" 7. Toronto and London. Lefroy.
" 7. Newfoundland and Quebec. Lefroy.
" 9. Montreal. Lefroy.
" 10. Toronto. Lefroy. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 13. New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
" 13. New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 13. Newberry. Johnson. Quebec. Lefroy.
" 13. Kingston, Toronto, and London. Lefroy.
" 14. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 14. Newberry. Johnson. Providence. Caswell.
" 14. New York. Hough.
" 14. Quebec, Montreal, and Toronto. Lefroy.
" 14. Halifax and London, C. W. Lefroy.
" 14. Christiania. Hansteen. Makerstoun. Broun.
" 15. Newberry. Johnson. Cambridge. Glaisher. 1
" 15. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 1 6. Fort Norman. Hooper. 2
" 17. Newfoundland and Kingston. Lefroy.
" 17. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 18. New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
" 18. Kingston and Toronto. Lefroy.
" 18. Halifax and London, C. W. Lefroy.
" 18. Makerstoun. Broun.
" 19. New York. Hough.
" 19. Halifax and Kingston. Lefroy.
" 20. New York. Hough. Kingston. Lefroy.
" 21. Newfoundland. Lefroy.
" 22. Aix-la-Chapelle. Heis. Jahn.
" 22. Leipsic. Jahn. Schmidt.
i Phil. Mag. Third Series, XXXVI. p.
- Journal of Proceedings, &e. 156.
116.
Fort Norman. Hooper. Jakobshavti. Rudolph.
Greenwich, Engl. 1 Christiania. Hansteen.
New York. Hough. Fort Norman. Hooper.
Christiania. Hansteen. Schmidt.
Montreal and Toronto. Lefroy.
Dunse. Stevenson. Brussels. Quetelet.
Schmidt. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
New York. Hough. Fort Norman. Hooper.
Fort Norman. Hooper.
Fort Norman. Hooper.
New York. Hough.
Toronto ? and London. Lefroy.
Newfoundland and Quebec. Lefroy.
Fort Norman. Hooper.
Fort Norman. Hooper.
Senftenberg. 2 Schmidt.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Brussels. Quetelet.
Newfoundland. Lefroy.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Toronto and Kingston. Lefroy.
Fort Norman. Hooper.
Toronto. Lefroy. Fort Norman.
Kingston and Toronto. Lefroy.
Christiania. Hansteen. Jakobshavn.
New York. Hough. Fenelon Falls.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Kingston and Toronto. Lefroy.
Toronto ? Lefroy. Christiania. Hansteen.
Dunse. Stevenson. Schmidt.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Toronto. Lefroy. Fort Franklin. Hooper.
Toronto ? Lefroy.
Quebec and Toronto. Lefroy. Sitka. Kupffer.
Providence. Caswell. Kingston. Lefroy.
Christiania. Hansteen. Sitka. Kupffer.
Newberry. Johnson.
Montreal and Toronto. Lefroy.
Neufoundland and Quebec. Lefroy.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Fort Franklin. Hooper.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
New York. Hough. Fort Franklin. Hooper.
t Phil. Mag. Third Scries, XXXVI. 116.
- Kreil's Jalirbuch fur Prag. I. 415.
Oct.
22.
it
22.
a
23.
ti
23.
u
24.
it
24.
u
24.
u
25.
a
26.
ti
29.
it
30.
ti
30.
u
30.
a
31.
Nov
. 3.
a
5.
u
5.
t(
9.
ti
10.
u
12.
a
12.
a
12.
ti
13.
a
14.
a
14.
u
15.
a
17.
a
18.
it
19.
it
19.
it
20.
a
20.
ti
21.
tt
25.
ti
26.
tt
27.
u
27.
a
28.
ti
28.
tt
28.
Dec
1.
U
4.
a
5.
it
7.
a
7.
tt
7.
a
8.
Hooper.
Rudolph.
Lefroy.
156
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
D<-c
. 9.
'•
10.
if
11.
"
11.
it
11.
tt
12.
It
12.
tt
12.
14
13.
tt
17.
#4
17.
«
18.
tt
18.
44
18.
44
19.
44
20.
44
20.
44
20.
tt
21.
tt
22.
. 44
25.
"
27.
It
30.
44
31.
Jan. 1.
" 3.
" 4.
'• 8.
9.
" 10.
" 11.
" 12.
" 12.
" 13.
" 14.
" 15.
" 16.
" 16.
" 17.
" 18.
" 18.
'• 18.
" 19.
" 19.
" 22.
" 25.
" 27.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
Christiania. Ilnnsteen.
Montreal and Toronto. Lefroy.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
( 'hristiania. Ilansteen.
Newfound/and and Toronto. Lefroy.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
Christiania. Ilansteen. Sitka. Kupffer.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loorais.
New York. Hough. Fort Franklin. Hooper.
New York. Hough. Toronto. Lefroy.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
Newfoundland. Lefroy.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
New York. Hough.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
New York. Hough. Fort Franklin. Hooper.
1850.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
Fori Franklin. Hooper.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
Fort Franklin.Hooper. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Fort Franklin.H.ooper. Jakobshavn.Ruddlph.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
New Haven. Herriek. Newton and Loomis.
Litchfield. Hough. Fort Franklin. Hooper.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Providence. Caswell. New York. Hough.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
Jan. 31.
Feb. 1.
2.
" 3.
3.
4.
6.
6.
7.
'• 10.
" 11.
« 12.
" 13.
" 13.
" 14.
» 15.
" 16.
" 17.
" 18.
" 22.
« 22.
" 22.
" 23.
" 26.
Mar. 1.
« 2.
" 2.
" 3.
" 3.
" 3.
" 4.
4.
4.
4.
" 5.
6.
" 7.
8.
9.
" 10.
" 10.
" 10.
" 11.
" 11.
" 11.
New York. Hough.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Yakoutsk. Kupffer. 1
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
Hammerfest, Norway. Noodt.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Fort Franklin. Hooper.
New York. Hough. Fort Franklin. Hooper.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
Fort Franklin.Hooper. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Fort Franklin. Hooper.
New York. Hough.
Aix-la- Chapelle. Heis.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Bcdtischport. Kupffer. 2
Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Hansteen.
New York. Hough.
Fort Norman. Hooper.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New York. Hough.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven ? Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Fort Norman. Hooper.
Bond. Lovering.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Caswell. New York. Hough.
Hansteen.
Hooper.
Cambridge.
New Haven.
Providence.
Christiania.
Fort Norman.
Fort Norman. Hooper. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Fort Norman. Hooper.
Fort Norman. Hooper.
Sitka. Kupffer. 8 Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Fort Norman. Hooper.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New York. Hough. Fort Norman. Hooper.
Christiania. Hansteen.
1 Annul, de l'Observ. Phys. Centrale de Russie, 1850, Suppl.
p. 27.
2 Annal. de l'Observ. Phys. Centrale de Russie, 1S49, S. p. 109.
8 Annal de l'Observ. Phys. Centrale de Russie, 1850, p. 37ft
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
157
Mar. 1 1 . Baltischport. Kupffer.
" 1 2. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 13. Fort Norman. Hooper.
" 1 3. Christiania. Hansteen. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
" 14. Fort Norman. Hooper.
" 15. Fort Norman. Hooper.
" 16. New York. Hough. Fort Norman. Hooper.
" 16. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 17. Fort Norman. Hooper.
" 18. New York. Hough.
" 21. Fort Norman. Hooper.
" 22. New York. Hough. Fort Norman. Hooper.
" 25. New York. Hough.
" 26. New York. Hough.
" 29. New York. Hough.
" 31. Providence, R. I. Caswell.
" 31. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 31. New York. Hough. Litchfield. Hough.
Apr. 1. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 2. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 2. Fort Norman. Hooper.
" 3. Fort Norman. Hooper.
" 4. Fort Norman. Hooper.
" 6. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 6. Worcester. Chandler. 1
" 6. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 6. Providence. Caswell. New York. Hough.
" 6. Fort Norman. Hooper. Sitka. Kupffer.
" 7. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 7. Providence, TL. I. Caswell.
" 7. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 7. New York. Hough. Litchfield. Hough.
" 8. New York. Hough. Fort Norman. Hooper.
" 9. New York. Hough.
" 14. New York. Hough.
" 15. New York. Hough.
" 17. New York. Hough.
" 19. New York. Hough.
" 28. Fort Norman. Hooper.
" 30. Fort Norman. Hooper.
May 3. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 7. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 7. Worcester. Chandler.
" 7. New Haven. Herwck. Newton and Loomis.
" 7. Providence. Caswell. New York. Hough.
" 9. New York. Hough.
" 10. New York. Hough. Litchfield. Hough.
" 12. Worcester. Chandler. Providence. Caswell.
1 Eighteenth Report of the Lunatic Asylum, p 64.
Maj
r 12.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis
H
12.
New York. Hough. Litchfield. Hough.
a
13.
New York. Hough.
(1
18.
New York. Hough.
u
22.
New York. Hough,
June 4.
New York. Hough. Litchfield.
Hough.
a
4.
Austria. Heis. Jahn.
a
7.
New York. Hough.
a
10.
New York. Hough.
a
13.
Bonn. Schmidt.
a
16.
New York. Hough,
H
22.
New York. Hough.
a
23.
New York. Hough.
tt
29.
New York. Hough.
July 1.
New York. Hough.
«
2.
New York. Hough.
u
6.
New Haven ? Bradley. Newton and Loomis
u
7.
New York. Hough.
a
9.
Litchfield, Conn. Hough.
cc
10.
New York. Hough.
u
11.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
u
11.
Worcester. Chandler. Providence.
Caswell.
tt
11.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
a
11.
Litchfield. Hough. New York.
Hough.
a
12.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
a
12.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
tt
12.
Litchfield. Hough. New York.
Hough.
u
15.
New York. Hough.
a
16.
New York. Hough.
a
19.
New York. Hough.
Aug.
New York. Hough.
a
3.
New York. Hough.
u
4.
New York. Hough.
a
6.
New York. Hough.
u
7.
New York. Hough.
tt
9.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
ci
9.
Litchfield. Hough. New York.
Hough.
CI
9.
Sitka. Kupffer.
tt
10.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
u
10.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
a
10.
New York. Hough.
a
12.
New York. Hough.
a
15.
New York. Hough.
tt
16.
New York. Hough. Litchfield.
Hough.
a
17.
New York. Hough. Litchfield.
Hough.
u
18.
New York. Hough. Litchfield.
Hough.
a
23.
New York. Hough.
Ct
29.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
CC
29.
New York. Hough.
cc
30.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
158
ON THE PEKIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Sept. 3.
" 3.
* 3.
« 4.
" 4.
- 5.
« 6.
" 7.
« 8.
" 8.
" 9.
« 10.
" 10.
" 10.
« 11.
" 12.
" 12.
" 13.
" 13.
" 14.
" 15.
" 15.
" 18.
" 28.
" 29.
" 29.
« 30.
" 30.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
2.
2.
2.
2.
3.
3.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
12.
14.
15.
Oct.
«
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Litchfield. Hough. New York. Hough.
Providence. Caswell. Chrisliania. Hansteen.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Chrisliania. Hansteen.
New York.
New York.
New York.
New Haven.
New York.
Hough.
Hough.
Hough.
Sitka. Kupffer.
Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
Hough.
Sitka. Kupffer.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Litchfield. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Litchfield. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Barrow Strait. Kane. Christiania. Hansteen.
New York. Hough.
Hamburg. Schmidt. Christiania.
New York. Hough. Christiania.
Newport. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Barrow Strait. Kane.
Rudolph.
Hough.
Hough. Litchfield. Hough.
Rudolph.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hansteen.
Hansteen.
Jakobshavn.
New York.
New York.
Jakobshavn.
New Haven ?
New York. Hough.
Worcester. Chandler. Providence. Caswell.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Litchfield. Hough. Neio York. Hough.
Hamburg. Schmidt. Christiania. Hansteen.
Sitka. Kupffer. St. Lves, Hunts. Watts. 1
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Litchfield. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Hamburg. Schmidt. Bonn. Jahn.
Aix-la- Chapelle. Heis.
New York. Hough. Litchfield. Hough.
Hamburg. Schmidt.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Litchfield. Hough. New York. Hough.
Worcester. Chandler. New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Yakoutsk. Kupffer. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Christiania. Hansteen.
» Proc. Brit. Assoc. XX. 41.
Oct 17.
" 21.
" 22.
« 2G.
" 27.
" 27.
« 27.
" 27.
" 28.
" 29.
" 29.
" 29.
" 31.
Nov. 7.
" 8.
" 8.
" 10.
" 10.
" 10.
" 11.
" 25.
" 30.
Dec, 1.
" 1.
1.
1.
» 3.
4.
" 5.
" 5.
" 5.
6.
" 7.
" 8.
" 10.
" 11.
" 15.
" 17.
" 20.
" 23.
" 26.
" 26.
" 27.
« 27.
" 27.
« 28.
Wellington Channel. Kane.
Wellington Channel. Kane.
Wellington Cliannel. Kane.
Wellington Channel. Kane.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Litchfield. Hough. New York. Hough.
Wellington Channel. Kane.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Litchfield. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Litchfield. Hough. Nero York. Hough.
Kane.
Kane.
Hough. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Hough.
W. Kane.
Wellington Channel.
Wellington Channel.
New York.
New York.
Lot. 74° N Long. 92
New Haven. Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
Litchfield. Hough. New York. Hough.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
New York. Hough.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
New Haven f Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
Lat. 74° N. Long. 94° W. Austin. 1
Lancaster Sound. Kane.
Griffith's Island. Markham. 2
Lancaster Sound. Kane.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Lancaster Sound. Kane.
Griffith's Island. Markham.
New York. Hough. Lancaster Sound. Kane.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Lancaster Sound. Kane.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
New York. Hough. Lancaster Sound. Kane.
Sitka. Kupffer. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Sitka. Kupffer.
New York. Hough.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
New Haven. Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
Lancaster Sound. Kane. 8
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Lancaster Sound. Kane.
Christiania. Hansteen.
New York. Hough. Lancaster Sound. Kane.
1 Arctic Miscellanies, p. 113.
2 Franklin's Footsteps, &c. p. 70.
s The U. S. Grinnell Expedition, First, p. 523.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
159
Dec. 28. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 20. Lancaster Sound. Kane.
" 30. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
" 31. Lancaster Sound. Kane.
Jan.
Feb. 2
l. 1
2.
3.
4.
4.
8.
15.
19.
20.
20.
21.
21.
21.
23.
23.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
2.
5.
5.
6.
7.
9.
12.
13.
18.
18.
18.
18.
19.
19.
19.
1851.
Lancaster S'd. Kane. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Lancaster S'd. Kane. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Lancaster Sound. Kane.
Lancaster Sound. Kane.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
Newberry. Johnson.
Lancaster S'd. Kane. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Litchfield, Conn. Hendrick. 3
Catharinebourg and Tobolsk. Kupffer. 8
Zlatoouste. Kupffer. 8
Newberry. Johnson.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Litchfield. Hendrick.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Christiania. Hansteen. Lancaster S'd. Kane.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Baffin's Bay. Kane.
Kane.
Kane.
Kane.
Kane.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
Baffin's Bay.
Baffin's Bay.
Baffin's Bay.
Baffin's Bay. Kane. Bonn. Schmidt.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Newberry. Johnson. Baffin's Bay. Kane.
New York. Hough. 4 Baffin's Bay. Kane.
Baffin's Bay. Kane.
Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
Providence, R. I. Caswell.
Baffin's Bay. Kane.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Newberry. Johnson. Litchfield. Hendrick.
New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
Newberry. Johnson. Litchfield. Hendrick.
Biffin's Bay. Kane. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
1 The anrora was seen eleven times in January ; twelve times in
February ; mid four times in March, 1851, by Capt Austin, in Eat.
74° N. and Long. 94° W. Arctic Miscellanies, p. 197, &c.
1 Regents' Reports of the Univ. New York, 1851, p. 524.
3 Annal. de l'Observ. Phys. Centrale de Russie, 1851, p. 127
and p. 549.
* Regents' Reports of the Univ. New York, 1851.
Feb. 20. 1 Lat. 74° N. Long. 94° W. Austin.
" 20. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 21. Baffin's Bay. Kane.
" 23. Litchfield. Hendrick. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 24. Baffin's Bay. Kane.
" 25. Baffin's Buy. Kane. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 26. Baffin's Bay. Kane. Barnaoul. Kupff.r.
" 27. Baffin's Bay. Kane. Hammerfest. Noodt.
" 28. Newberry. Johnson.
Mar. 1. New York. Hough.
" 22. New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
" 22. New Haven f Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 22. Litchfield. Hendrick. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 25. Lat. 74° N 94° W. Austin. 3
" 26. Baffin's Bay. Kane.
" 26. St. Ives, Hunts. Watts.
" 28. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 28. Worcester. Chandler. 8 New York. Hough.
" 28. Baffin's Bay. Kane.
" 29. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 29. New York. Hough. Newberry. Johnson.
" 29. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 29. Litchfield. Hendrick. Jakobshavn. Rudolph.
" 31. New York. Hough.
Apr. 1. New York. Hough.
" 3. New York. Hough.
" 5. New York. Hough.
" 6. Baffin's Bay. Kane.
" 17. New York. Hough.
" 19. New York. Hough.
" 22. New York. Hough.
" 30. New York. Hough.
May 1. Providence. Caswell. New York. Hough.
" 1. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 1. Worcester. Chandler. Litchfield. Hendrick.
" 2. New York. Hough.
" 4. New York. Hough.
" 12. New York. Hough.
" 16. Litchfield. Hendrick.
" 20. New York. Hough.
" 24. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 26. Litchfield. Hendrick.
" 30. New York. Hough.
June 5. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
1 In regard to the winter of 1850-1, in Lat. 74° N. and Long.
95° W., Osborne says : " With one portion of the phenomena of
the North Sea we were particularly disappointed; and this was the
aurora." Stray Leaves from an Arctic Journal.
2 Arctic Miscellanies, p. 291.
8 Nineteenth Report of the Lunatic Asylum, p. 65.
1G0
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
«
u
Aug
June 5.
« 5.
" 5.
" 11.
« 27.
« 27.
" 27.
" 27.
July 2.
" 7.
" 13.
" 16.
« 17.
" 17.
« 17.
" 26.
26.
26.
29.
J- 8 -
" ~ 24.
" 24.
" 25.
« 26.
" 29.
" 29.
" 30.
" 31.
Sept. 1.
« 3.
« 4.
« 4.
« 4.
« 4.
« 6.
« 6.
6.
" 7.
« 7.
« 7.
« 7.
" 7.
« 7.
" 10.
« 13.
Providence. Caswell. New York. Hough.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loorais.
Litchfield. Hendrick.
Litchfield. Hendrick.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
Litchfield. Hendrick.
Providence. Caswell. New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Litchfield. Hendrick.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
Litchfield. Hendrick. New York. Hough.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Litchfield. Hendrick.
Leipsic. Keller. Jahn.
Lot. 61° N. Long. 54° W. Sutherland.
Davis's Strait. Sutherland. 1
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Litchfield. Hendrick. New York. Hough.
Litchfield. Hendrick.
New York. Hough.
Newberry. Johnson.
New Haven. Olmsted. 2 New York. Hough.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
Worcester. Chandler. Rochester. Dewey ?
Christiania. Hansteen. Yakoutsk. Kupffer.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Olmsted and Bradley.
Litchfield. Hendrick. New York. Hough.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Worcester. Chandler. New York. Hough.
New Haven. Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
Litchfield. Hendrick.
Yakoutsk and Barnaoul. Kupffer."
Christiania. Hansteen.
New Haven. Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough.
Oct.
Sept. 14.
" 15.
" 16.
" 16.
" 24.
" 26.
" 27.
" 28.
" 29.
" 29.
« 29.
29.
29.
30.
30.
30.
1.
" 1.
" 2.
2.
2.
2.
3.
" 3.
" 4 -
" 18.
" 18.
" 19.
" 20.
" 20.
" 20.
« 20.
" 21.
" 21.
" 22.
" 23.
" 23.
" 23.
" 24.
" 26.
" 28.
" 29.
Nov. 11.
" 1 5.
" 17.
Litchfield. Hendrick.
Jahn.
« Journal of a Voyage, &e. II. 346.
2 Amcr. Journ. Sci. Second Series, XII. 442.
» Annal. do l'Obsenr. Phys. Centrale de Russie, 1851, p. 213
and p. 575.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Newberry Johnson.
New York. Hough.
New York. Hough.
Aix-la- Chapelle. Heis.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
New York. Hough.
New Haven. Olmsted. Providence. Caswell.
Worcester. Chandler. South Carolina.Gibbes.
St. Petersburg. Kupffer. 1 Rochester. Dewey.
Newberry. Johnson. Georgia. LeConte. 2
Christiania. Hansteen.
St. Petersburg. Kupffer.
Kamens. Vogel. Jahn. Prague?
Neunkirchen. Lichtenberger. Jahn.
New Haven. Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
New York. Hough. Providence. Caswell.
Brussels. Quetelet. Yakoutsk. Kupffer.
Bonn. Schmidt. Dresden. Jahn.
Heis. Jahn.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
Newberry. Johnson. New York. Hough.
Bonn. Schmidt.
New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Worcester. Chandler. Providence. Caswell.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Litchfield. Hendrick. Newberry. Johnson.
Worcester. Chandler.
New York. Hough. Christiania. Hansteen.
New York. Hough.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Litchfield. Hendrick. Providence. Caswell.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
New York. Hough.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Batty Bay. Kennedy. 4
New York. Hough.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Jahn.
1 Annnl. de 1'Observ. Phys. Centrale de Russie, 1851, p. 57.
2 Amcr. Journ. Sci. Second Series, XIII. 128.
« Kreil's Jahrbuch fur Prag. III. 126-7.
4 Procedings of Mr. W. Kennedy, &c. p. 86.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF TI1E AURORA BOREALIS.
161
Nov
.20.
CI
21.
u
22.
it
30.
Dec
5.
ft
6.
U
18.
IC
21.
11
23.
11
23.
It
25.
M
25.
It
2G.
it
26.
tl
27.
It
28.
11
28.
It
28.
it
29.
tl
29.
11
30.
tl
31.
Jan.
3.
u
10.
u
17.
ii
19.
it
19.
tt
19.
tt
19.
u
19.
u
19.
u
20.
«i
20.
it
20.
tt
21.
u
22.
tt
23.
It
25.
11
25.
ft
25.
tl
25.
11
26.
Feb
. 1.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
C/tristiania. Hansteen.
Jahn.
New York: Hough.
C/irisliaiiia. Ilansteen.
Jahn.
Hammerfest. Noodt. Jahn.
New Tori: Hough.
Christiania. Hansteen. Hammerfest. Noodt.
New York. Hough.
Christiania. Hansteen.
New York. Hough.
Hannover. Pape. Jahn.
New York. Hough.
Batty Bay. Bellot. 1
Christiania. Ilansteen. Yakoulsk. Kupffer.
Belgium. Montigny.*
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Litchfield. Hendrick.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Osnabriick. Jahn.
1852.
Jahn.
Christiania. Ilansteen.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Litchfield. Hendrick. Providence. Caswell.
Burlington. Thompson. 8 Sonora. Goddard
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis
San Francisco. Gibbon. Tennessee. Morris. 4
Hammerfest. Noodt. Sitka. Kupffer.
Worcester. Chandler.
Bonn. Schmidt. Jahn. Yakoulsk. Kupffer,
Elberfeld. Jahn. Aix-la-ChapeUe. Heis.
Burlington. Thompson.
Yakoulsk. Kupffer.
Burlington. Thompson.
Worcester. Chandler. Litchfield. Hendrick.
Burlington. Thompson. Providence. Caswell.
Aix-la-ChapeUe. Heis. Jahn.
Hammerfest. Noodt. Jahn.
Burlington. Thompson.
Christiania. Hansteen.
« Memoirs of J. R. Bcllot, &c. II. 73.
* Amer. Jo urn. Sci. Second Series, XIV. 289.
* Amer. Journ. Sci. Second Series, XV. 459.
* Amer. Journ. Sci. Second Series, XVII. 140. and XXIX. 260,
VOL. X. 21
New Haven. Olmsted. Litchfield. Hendrick.'
Christiania. Ilansteen. Yakoulsk. Kupffer.
Netc Haven. Herrick and Olmsted.
Litchfield. Hendrick. Burlington. Thompson.
Christiania, Hansteen. Hammerfest. Noodt.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Providence. Caswell. Christiania. Ilansteen.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick and Olmsted.
Burlington. Thompson. Newberry. Johnson.
< 'atharinebovrg and Sitka. Kupffer.
Yakoulsk and lchim. Kupffer. 3
Christiania. Ilansteen. Kertchinsk. Kupffer.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick and Olmsted.
Burlington. Thompson. Newberry. Johnson.
Litchfield. Hendrick. Rochester. Dewey.
Tennessee. Morris. Sa?i Francisco.' Gibbon.
Bunse. Stevenson. St. Ives, Hunts. Watts. 4
Bonn. Schmidt. Jahn.
Barnaoul and Kertchinsk. Kupffer. 6
Christiania. Ilansteen. Ichim. Kupffer.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Litchfield. Hendrick. Newberry. Johnson.
Yakoulsk and Tobolsk. Kupffer.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Verden. Pape. Leipsie, <§'<"• Jahn.
Christiania. Ilansteen. Tobolsk: Kupffer.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
Bunse. Stevenson. St. Ives. Hunts. Watts.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Burlington. Thompson.
Sitka. Kupffer.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Christiania. Ilansteen.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Litchfield. Hendrick. Burlington. Thompson.
Christiania. Ilansteen. Sitka. Kupffer.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Burlington. Thompson. Jahn.
1 Amer. Journ. Sci. Second Series, XIII. 426.
• Annal. dc l'Observ. Phys. Centralc do Russic, 1859, Suppl.
p. 95.
* Dr. Gibbon says, that he saw the aurora at San Francisco,
once in January, and once in February, 1852. Smithsonian Re-
ports, 1854, p. 258. Amer. Jour. Sci. Second Series, XXVII. 260.
4 Proc. Brit. Assoc. XXI. 32.
6 Annal.de l'Observ. Phys. Centralc dc Russie, 1852, pp. 127,
213,311, et 561.
Feb
15.
tt
15.
tt
16.
It
16.
It
1(1.
tt
17.
tl
17.
u
18.
tt
18.
tt
18.
It
18.
tl
18.
If
18.
It
19.
tt
19.
ft
19.
(1
19.
ft
19.
it
19.
tt
19.
ff
19.
tt
19.
It
20.
tt
20.
if
20.
(1
20.
ft
20.
ff
20.
ff
21.
It
21.
(1
21.
If
26.
ff
27.
ff
27.
Mar. 4.
ff
6.
tt
7.
tt
7.
ft
7.
tt
9.
tt
9.
tt
10.
162
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Mar. 12.
" 15.
" 16.
" 19.
" 20.
" 21.
" 21.
" 25.
" 26.
" 26.
" 29.
" 31.
Apr. 8.
8.
" 9.
" 10.
" 10.
" 10.
" 12.
" 13.
" 14.
" 15.
" 15.
" 16.
" 17.
" 17.
" 18.
" 19.
« 20.
" 22.
" 22.
May 3.
5.
" 8.
" 9.
" 10.
" 10.
" 14.
" 17.
" 18.
" 18.
" 18.
« 19. •
" 19.
" 19.
« 20.
" 20.
Yakoutsk. Kupffer.
Christiania. Hansteen. Verden. Jahn.
Burlington. Thompson.
Burlington. Thompson.
Burlington. Thompson.
St. Ives, Hunts. Watts.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Warsaw. Jahn.
Bonn. Schmidt. Leipsic. Jahn.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Sitka. Kupffer.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Burlington. Thompson.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Netv Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Litchfield. Hendriek. Christiania. Hansteen.
Verden. Spengler. Jahn.
Burlington. Thompson.
Burlington. Thompson.
New Haven. Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Litchfield. Hendriek.
Thompson.
Hansteen.
Hansteen. '
Johnson.
ifer/m^ow.Thompson. Bogoslowski.Kupffer. 1
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.*
Caswell. Tennessee. Morris.
Thompson.
Thompson.
Thompson.
Thompson. Tennessee. Morris.
Providence, R. L Caswell.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis
Thompson.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis
Bond. Lovering.
Thompson. Providence. Caswell.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis,
Bond. Lovering.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Burlington.
Christiania.
Christiania.
Neivberry.
Providence.
Burlington.
Burlington.
Burlington.
Burlington.
Burlington.
New Haven.
Cambridge.
Burlington.
New Haven.
Cambridge.
New Haven.
Providence, R. I. Caswell.
Cambridge. Bond. Lover nc;.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and L' omis.
1 Annal. de l'Observ. Phys. Centrale de Russie, 1S52, p. 629.
3 Amer. Journ. Sci. Second Scries, XIV. 130-1.
May 20.
Providence
R. 1. Caswell.
a
21.
Cambridge.
Bond. Lovering.
u
21.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis
tt
25.
Litchfield.
Hendriek.
June 5.
New Haver
. Herrick. Newton and Loomis
u
9.
Newberry.
Johnson.
u
10.
New Haver
,. Herrick. Newton and Loomis
a
10.
Litchfield.
Hendriek.
a
11.
New Have)
. Herrick. Newton and Loomis
u
11.
Burlington.
Thompson. Providence. Caswell.
u
11.
LJtchfield.
Hendriek. 1
a
15.
New Haven
. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
u
16.
Cambridge.
Bond. Lovering.
<(
16.
New Haven
. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
tt
16.
Burlington.
Thompson.
July 3.
Providence,
R. L Caswell.
u
5.
Cambridge.
Bond. Lovering.
u
5.
Burlington.
Thompson.
a
6.
Cambridge.
Bond. Lovering.
u
6.
New Haven
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
u
7.
Cambridge.
Bond. Lovering.
a
8.
Camlrridge.
Bond. Lovering.
tt
9.
Cambridge.
Bond. Lovering.
a
9.
New Haven
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
a
9.
Litchfield. Hendriek. Providence. Caswell.
tt
10.
Cambridge.
Bond. Lovering.
u
10.
New Haven.
Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
a
10.
L,itchfield.
Hendriek.
tt
11.
Cambridge.
Bond. Lovering.
u
11.
Munsler. Heis. Jahn.
tt
12.
Cambridge.
Bond. Lovering.
u
12.
Burlington.
Thompson.
a
13.
Cambridge.
Bond. Lovering.
\ug
. 2.
Davis's Strait. L.6Q°N. L'gAT W. Inglefield.
u
4.
At Sea. Lat
61° N. Long. 49° W. Inglefield.
tt
10.
Burlington.
Thompson. Jahn.
tt
11.
New Haven
? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
tt
11.
Burlington.
Thompson. Jahn.
a
14.
Cambridge.
Bond. Lovering.
Sept
■ 2."
Cambridge.
Bond. Lovering.
a
4."
Cambridge.
Bond. Lovering.
a
4.
Christiania.
Hansteen.
u
5.
Cambridge.
Bond. Lovering.
a
6.
Cambridge.
Bond. Lovering.
a
6.
New Haven.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
a
6.
Burlington.
Thompson.
a
6.
Christiania.
Hansteen.
a
9.
Christiania.
Hansteen.
i Regents' Keporta of the Univ. New York, I8&3, p. 244.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
163
Sept.10.
" 11.
" 12.
" 12.
" 13.
" 16.
" 16.
" 16.
" 16.
" 17.
" 17.
" 17.
" 17.
" 18.
" 18.
" 19.
" 19.
" 20.
" 21.
" 21.
" 22.
" 23.
" 29.
" 29.
Oct. 5.
5.
5.
6.
7.
7.
9.
" 10.
" 13.
" 13.
" 18.
" 18.
" 19.
" 19.
" 20.
" 20.
" 21.
Nov. 10.
" 10.
" 10.
" 10.
" 11.
" 11.
Christiania.
Ghristiania.
Cambridge.
Christiania.
Hansteen.
Hansteen.
Bond. Lovering.
Hansteen. Jalin.
Jahn.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Newberry. Johnson. Providence. Caswell.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Burlington. Thompson. Newberry. Johnson.
Christiania. Hansteen. Jahn.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Burlington. Thompson. Newberry. Johnson.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Hansteen.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Baffin's Bay. Inglefield. Jahn.
Lake Superior. Wagner. Boue.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Burlington. Thompson.
Burlington. Thompson.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Catharinebourg. Kupffer.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Verden. Jahn.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Verden. Jahn.
Christiania. Hansteen. Verden. Jahn.
Wurtemberg. Jahn. Barnaoul. Kupffer.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Newberry. Johnson. Providence. Caswell.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Newberry. Johnson.
Off Cape Farewell} Inglefield. 3
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Providence, R. 1. Caswell.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Verden. Pape. Jahn.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
i Proceedings of Capt. E. A. Inglefield, p. 205.
s Inglefield adds, that the aurora was frequently very brilliant.
Force's Record of Auroral Phenomena, p. 7.
Nov. 11.
u
li.
a
n.
u
ii.
a
12.
u
12.
a
13.
a
14.
a
14.
a
15.
a
16.
U
16.
u
17.
ft
18.
a
19.
u
25.
Dec
. 2.
it
2.
a
3.
(i
4.
a
5.
u
5.
it
5.
it
5.
it
6.
a
6.
a
7.
it
8.
t(
8.
tt
9.
a
9.
a
10.
U
11.
«
11.
a
12.
a
13.
tt
13.
ti
14.
it
14.
a
15.
if
17.
a
18.
a
28.
it
29.
«
29.
U
29.
u
29.
Burlington. Thompson. Providence. Caswell.
Newberry. Johnson. 1
Dunse. Stevenson. Christiania. Hansteen.
Wurtemberg and Verden. Pape. Jahn.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Hansteen.
Hansteen.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Noodt.
Bond. Lovering.
Bond. Lovering.
Christiania.
Christiania.
New Haven.
Hammerfest.
Cambridge.
Cambridge.
Sitka. Kupffer.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
Takoutsk. Kupffer.
Burlington. Thompson.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Northumberland Sound. Belcher. 2
Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Worcester. Chandler.
Northumberland Sound. Belcher.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis-
Christiania. Hansteen.
Northumberland Sound. Belcher.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Burlington. Thompson. Hammerfest. Noodt.
Northumberland Sound. Belcher.
Sitka. Kupffer.
Northumberland Sound. Belcher.
Neunkirchen. Lichtenherger. Jahn.
Sitka. Kupffer.
Northumberlaiid Sound. Belcher.
New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Bogoslowski. Kupffer.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Christiunia. Hansteen. Sitka. Kupffer.
Sitka Kupffer.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Worcester. Chandler.
Christiania. Hansteen.
NearHartford. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
1 Regents' Reports of the Univ. New York, 1853, p. 249.
2 The last of the Arctic Voyages, &c. I. 1 73.
164
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Jan. 4.
" 6.
6.
" 8.
« 9.
" 10.
" 12.
" 13.
" 14.
" 18.
« 27.
" 28.
" 29.
" 30.
" 30.
" 31.
1.
1.
4.
Feb
" 8.
" 13.
" 14.
« 14.
" 14.
" 14.
" 20.
" 21.
" 28.
Mar. 1.
" 7.
" 8.
" 8.
" 8.
9.
9.
« 10.
« 10.
" 11.
1853. 1
Burlington, Vermont. Thompson. 3
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Burlington. Thompson.
Burlington. Thompson. Newberry. Johnson.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Christiania. Hansteen.
St. Martin, Canada. Smallwood. 3
St. Martin, Canada. Smalhvood. 4
Christiania. Hansteen.
Noodt.
Hansteen.
Hansteen.
Noodt.
Bond. Lovering.
Chandler. 5
Hammerfest.
Christiania.
Christiania.
Hammerfest
Cambridge.
Worcester.
Newberry. Johnson.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Newberry. Johnson. St. Martin. Smallwood.
Tobolsk. Kupffer.
Burlington. Thompson.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Burlington. Thompson.'
St. Martin. Smallwood.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
Newberry. Johnson.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
Burlington. Thompson. Neicberry. Johnson.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Burlington. Thompson. Newberry. Johnson.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
New Haven. Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
New Haven ? Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
Burlington. Thompson.
Takoutsk. Kupffer.
1 Maguire refers to a frequent display of the aurora during the
winter of 182.3-4, at Moore's Harbor, in Lat. 71° N. and Long.
156° W. Proceedings of Capt. Maguire, &c.
2 Amer. Jour. Sci. Second Series, XVII. 446.
8 Amer. Journ. Sci. Second Series, XVII. 288.
4 Smallwood observed traces of the aurora in thirty-nine nights
in 1853; in fifty nights in 1854, and in thirty-seven nights in
1855. Amer. Journ. Sci. Second Series, XXI. 288.
6 Twenty-First Report of the Lunatic Asylum, p. 77.
Mar
12.
Dunse. Stevenson.
a
13.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
u
13.
New Haven ? Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
tt
14.
New Haven. Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
u
17.
Christiania. Hansteen.
u
18.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
n
27.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
u
30.
Burlington. Thompson.
it
30.
Christiania. Hansteen. Yakoutsk. Kupffer.
tt
31.
Yakoutsk. Kupffer.
Apr
. 1.
Burlington. Thompson.
tt
1.
■St. Martin. Smallwood.
M
5.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
H
5.
Worcester. Chandler.
a
5.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
a
5.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
tt
6.
Netcberry. Johnson.
tt
6.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
u
6.
St. Martin. Smalhvood. Yakoutsk. Kupffer.
it
7.
Burlington. Thompson.
u
8.
Christiania. Hansteen.
u
9.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
tt
9.
Christiania. Hansteen.
tt
10.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
tt
10.
Burlington ? Thompson.
it
10.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
(4
11.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
it
12.
Yakoutsk. Kupffer.
May 1.
Burlington. Thompson.
a
1.
St. Mar/in. Smalhvood.
a
2.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
a
2.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
u
2.
Worcester. Chandler.
u
2.
Newberry. Johnson. Burlington. Thompson.
ic
2.
Providence. Caswell. St. Martin. Smalhvood.
tt
4.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
tt
4.
Burlington. Thompson. Newberry. Johnson
(1
4.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
u
5.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
tt
6.
Burlington. Thompson.
11
7.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
it
7.
Burlington. Thompson. Newberry. Johnson
11
10.
Catharinebourg. Kupffer. 1
((
13.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis
tt
24.
Providence, R. I. Caswell.
11
24.
Perryville, Illinois. AVheeler. 2
11
30.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
1
Anna
. de l'Observ. Phys. Centralc de Russie, 1853, p. 136.
3
Amer. Journ. Sci. Second Series, XVI. 298.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
165
May 31.
" 31.
June 1.
1.
1.
2.
6.
8.
9.
9.
9.
" 14.
" 14.
" 30.
July 4.
" 10.
" 10.
" 11.
" 12.
" 12.
" 12.
" 12.
" 12.
" 16.
" 18.
" 23.
- 23.
- 26.
" 27.
Aug. 7.
" 11.
" 20.
" 25.
« 26.
» 30.
" 31.
" 31.
Sept. 1.
1.
« 1.
1.
" 2.
2.
2.
" 2.
" 2.
" 2.
2.
New Haven.
Herrick. Newton an
d Loomis.
Sep
. 2.
Burlington.
Thompson.
(i
2.
Cambridge.
Bond. Lovering.
u
3.
Providence, R. I. Caswell.
u
3.
New Haven
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
u
3.
Burlington.
Thompson.
u
3.
Cambridge.
Bond. Lovering.
u
4.
Burlington.
Thompson.
it
6.
Cambridge.
Bond. Lovering.
C(
8.
New Haven
Bradley. Newton an
d Loomis.
K
10.
Burlington.
Thompson.
U
12.
Cambridge.
Bond. Lovering.
a
18.
St. Martin.
Smaltwood.
St
24.
St. Martin.
Smallwood.
M
24.
Burlington.
Thompson.
u
28.
Burlington.
Thompson.
Oct.
6.
St. Martin.
Smallwood.
u
23.
St. Martin.
Smallwood.
it
31.
Cambridge.
Bond. Lovering.
a
31.
Neio Haven
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
a
31.
Burlington.
Thompson.
a
31.
St. Martin.
Smallwood.
Nov
. 1.
Hawarden.
Jahn.
a
1.
Cambridge.
Bond. Lovering.
(i
1.
St. Martin.
Smallwood.
u
2.
Burlington.
Thompson.
a
6.
St. Martin.
Smallwood.
M
9.
St. Martin.
Smallwood.
u
12.
St. Martin.
Smallwood.
u
13?
St. Martin.
Smallwood.
u
19.
New Haven
. Herrick. 1 Newton and Loomis.
«
26.
Hawarden.
Jahn.
u
27.
St. Martin.
Smallwood.
U
28.
Newberry.
Johnson. Haivarden
Jahn.
U
30.
Hawarden.
Jahn.
Dec
. 1.
Burlington.
Thompson.
u
4.
St. Martin.
Smallwood. Arbroath.
Jahn.
it
4.
Cambridge.
Bond. Lovering.
«
4.
Neiv Haven
. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
a
6.
Worcester.
^handler. Burlington.
Thomson.
U
8.
St. Martin.
Smallwood. Greenwich. Jahn.
u
8.
Cambridge.
Bond. Lovering.
it
20.
Worcester.
Chandler.
a
23.
New Haven
. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
u
24.
Burlington.
Thomson. Newberry.
Johnson.
a
24.
St. Martin.
Smallwood.
a
28.
Bermuda.
Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
a
28.
Liverpool, .
fork, fyc. Jahn.
a
29.
i Amer. Journ. Sci. Second Series, XVI. 288.
Angeln in Schleswig. Jahn.
Catharinebourg. Kupffer. Prague. Bohro. 1
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Worcester. Chandler.
Burlington. Thompson. Newberry. Johnson.
St. Martin. Smallwood. Clifton. Jahn.
Cambridge. Bond. 'Lovering.
Kupffer.
Jahn.
Thompson.
Smallwood.
Smallwood.
Thompson.
Smallwood.
Yakoutsk.
Arbroath.
Burlington.
St. Martin.
St. Martin.
Burlington.
St. Martin.
Durham. Jahn.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
<Sf. Martin. Smallwood.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Burlington. Thompson. Newberry. Johnson.
New Haven. Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
Bedfordshire. Jahn. Minister. Heis. Jahn.
New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
Newberry. Johnson. 2 Burlington. Thompson.
Minister. Heis. Jahn.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Takoatsh. Kupffer.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
Yakoutsk. Kupffer.
Van Rensselaer Harbor. Kane.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
Van Rensselaer Harbor. Kane.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
Van Rensselaer Harbor. Kane.
Van Rensselaer Harbor. Kane.
Van Rensselaer Harbor. Kane.
Burlington. Thompson. Newberry. Johnson.
St. Martin. Smallwood. Hammerfest. Noodt.
Van Rensselaer Harbor ■? Kane.
Yakoutsk. Kupffer.
Burlington. Thompson.
Van Rensselaer Harbor ? Kane.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
New Haven. Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Van Rensselaer Harbor. Kane.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
Van Rensselaer Harbor. Kane.
1 Magnet, et Meteor. Obscrv. zu Prag. 1853, p. 107.
1 Regents' Reports of the Univ. New York, 1854, p. 308.
16G
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BUREAUS.
1851.
Jan. 2. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 2. Worcester. Chandler. 1
" 2. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 2. Newberry. Johnson. Providence. Caswell.
" 2. Catharinebourg. Kupffer. 2
3. Zhitoouste. Kupffer. 2 Hammerfest. Noodt.
'• 3. Bogoslowski. Kupffer. 2
" 8. St. Martin. Smallwood. 3
" 17. Hammerfest. Noodt.
" 23. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 23. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 23. Worcester. Chandler.
" 23. St. Martin. Smallwood.
" 27. Van Rensselaer Harbor. Kane.
" 28. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
28. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 28. Newberry. Johnson.
" 28. St. Martin. Smallwood.
'• 28. Van Rensselaer Harbor. Kane.
29. Newberry. Johnson.
" 29. St. Martin. Smallwood.
" 30. Neicberry. Johnson.
Feb. 2. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 4. Ian Rensselaer Harbor. Kane.
" 4. Hammerfest. Noodt.
" 5. Van Rensselaer Harbor. Kane.
" 10. St. Martin. Smallwood.
" 11. St. Martin. Smallwood.
" 16. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 16. Worcester. Chandler.
" 16. St. Martin. Smallwood.
" 17. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 17. Worcester. Chandler. Newberry. Johnson.
" 24. Newberry. Johnson.
" 24. St. Martin. Smallwood.
'■ 24. Catharinebourg. Kupffer. Hammerfest. Noodt.
" 25. Catharinebourg. Kupffer.
" 26. Bogoslowski. Kupffer.
" 27. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 27. Newberry. 1 Johnson. »SV. Martin. Smallwood.
Mar. 3. Mi/lford. Rlinois. Hendricks
" 6. St. Martin. Smallwood.
1 Twenty-Second Report of the Lunatic Asylum, p. 88.
' l Annal. de l'Ohserv. Phvs. Centrale de Russic, 1S54, pp. 127
el 525.
• Amer. Jouni. Sci. Second Scries, XX. 141.
* Regents' Reports of the Univ. New York, 1855, pp. 828 and
330.
Mar. 15. New Haven. Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
" 1 6. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 16. St. Martin. Smallwood.
" 20. St. Martin. Smallwood.
" 21. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 21. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 21. Newberry. Johnson. St. Martin. Smallwood.
" 27. Worcester. Chandler.
" 27. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 27. Providence. Caswell. Rochester. Dewey.
" 28. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 28. Worcester. Chandler.
" 2*. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 28. Providence, R. J. Caswell.
" 28. Catharinebourg. Kupffer.
29. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
•' 2'J. Worcester. Chandler.
29. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 29. Neicberry. Johnson. St. Martin. Smallwood.
" 30. Providence, R. I. Caswell.
" 30. St. Martin. Smallwood.
Apr. 10. Illinois. Ilendrick. Rochester. Dewey.
" 14. St. Martin. Smallwood.
" 15. St. Martin. Smallwood.
" 20. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 20. Newberry. Johnson.
" 21. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 21. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 21. St. Martin. Smallwood.
" 23. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 23. Worcester. Chandler.
" 23. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 23. Newberry. Johnson. St. Martin. Smallwood.
" 24. Newberry. Johnson. St. Martin. Smallwood.
May 1. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 4. St. Martin. Smallwood.
" 15. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 15. New Haven. Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 16. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 16. New Haven ? Herrick. Newton and Loomis.
" 16. St. Martin. Smallwood.
19. Cambridge. Boiid. Lovering.
" 21. Providence, R. I. CaswelL
" 23. St. Martin. Small w..od.
" 26. St. Martin. Smallwood.
" 28. St. Martin. Smallwood.
June 12. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" x. St. Martin. Smallwood.
" x. St. Martin. Smallwood.
July 3. St. Martin. Smallwood.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BORF.ALIS.
167
July 5.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
Dec
. 8
tt
10.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
tt
14
U
10.
Rochester, N. Y. Dewey.
tt
18.
u
12.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
CI
22
a
14.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
tt
29
CI
27.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
ft
27.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
ft
29.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
Jan
7.
u
30.
St. Mar/in. Smillwood.
it
10.
Aug. 17.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
u
10.
tt
20.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
tt
14.
H
25.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
Feb
. 5.
Sept. 10.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
tt
10.
ft
12.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
ft
11.
((
13.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
..
12.
a
13.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
tt
12.
u
14.
Clays, near Amiens. Quetelet. 1
tt
14.
a
15.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
Mar
. 8.
tt
17.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
it
9.
ft
20.
.$?. Martin. Smallwood.
tt
12.
CI
21.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
a
12.
u
21.
Worcester. Chandler.
tt
12.
U
21.
New Haven. Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
tt
18.
tt
21.
Newberry. Johnson. St. Martin. S
n all wood.
tt
19.
a
22.
Worcester. Chandler.
Apr
tt
7.
u
23.
Worcester. Chandler.
9.
tt
25.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
tt
9.
It
26.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
tt
12.
tt
26.
Worcester. Chandler.
tf
12.
tt
26.
Providence. Caswell. Neicberry.
Johnson.
tt
12.
(t
26.
New Haven. Bradley. Newton and Loomis.
tt
14.
tt
26.
Illinois. Hendrick. Rochester.
Dewey.
tt
15.
u
26.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
u
20.
Oct.
8.
Millford. Illinois. Hendrick.
May
1.
(t
18.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
tt
6.
tt
18.
Providence. Caswell. Illinois.
Hendrick.
tf
9.
tt
18.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
tt
10.
tt
23.
Neicberry. Johnson.
tt
24.
tt
24.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
July
7.
tt
25.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
a
9.
Nov
.13.
Van Rensselaer Harbor. Kane.
((
16.
tt
14.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
Aug
5.
tt
15.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
a
10.
tt
18.
Van Rensselaer Harbor. Kane.
U
17.
tt
20.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
tt
23.
tt
20.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
tt
22.
Van Rensselaer Harbor. Kane.
Ball, de 1'Acad. Brux. XXI. 551.
St. Martin. Smallwood. Hammerfest. Noodt.
f an Rensselaer Harbor. Kane.
St. Martin. Smallwood. Hammerfest. Noodt.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
1855.
Van Rensselaer Harbor. Kane.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Newberry. Johnson. St. Martin. Smallwood. 1
Hammerfest. Noodt.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
I an Rensselaer Harbor. Kane.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
Calharinebourg. Kupffer. 1
St. Martin. Smallwood.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Newberry. Johnson. 3 New York. Morris.
Rochester. Dewey. St. Martin. Smallwood.
New York. Morris. St. Martin. Smallwood.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Newberry. Johnson. New York. Morris.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
Newberry. Johnson. New York. Morris.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
Sit. Martin. Smallwood.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
i Amer. Joum. Sci. Second Series, XXI. 288.
2 Annal. de l'Observ. Phys. Centrale de Russie, 1855, p. 127.
• Regents' Reports of the Univ. New York, 1856, p. 361.
168
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Sept. 10.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 10.
New York. Morris.
" 11.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
" 13.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
" 17.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Oct. 3.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
" 4.
New York. Morris. Rochester. Dewey.
" 8.
New York. Morris.
" 9.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
9.
New Tork. Morris.
" 10.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
" 14.
llammerfest. Noodt.
" 16.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
" 18.
llammerfest. Noodt.
" 20.
llammerfest. Noodt.
Nov. 2.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
5.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
8.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
" 16.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
" 19.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
" 26.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
" 29.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 29.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
" 30.
St. Martin. Smallwood. Hammerfest. Noodt.
Dec. 5.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
" 7.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
" 13.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
« 30.
St. Martin. Smallwood.
1856.
Jan. 29.
llammerfest. Noodt.
" 31.
Newberry. Johnson. 3
Feb. 6.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
" 7.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
Mar. 2.
Sponholz. Jahn.
4.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
" 11.
Senftenberg. Brorsen. Jahn.
" 30.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 31.
Newberry. Johnson.
Apr. 22.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering. Sitka. Kupffer. 1
June 2.
Paris. Boue.
" 4.
Paris. Boue.
6.
Paris. Boue.
Aug. 22.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering. Sitka. Kupffer.
" 24.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 31.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 31.
Millford, Illinois. Hendrick. 2
1 Annal.
de l'Observ. Phys. Oentrale de Russie, 1856, p. 455.
a Regent
s' Reports of the Univ. New York, 1857, pp. 312 and
317.
Sep
t.22.
a
30.
Oct
4.
u
4.
u
5.
a
19
(j
23.
u
23.
No%
.20.
U
23.
Dec
. 3.
U
4.
it
29.
Jan.
16.
u
26.
Apr
11.
u
13.
Sept
. 1.
u
3.
u
7.
a
8.
H
10.
a
10.
U
13.
u
19.
u
27.
Oct.
4.
u
9.
H
24.
M
30.
Nov
4.
u
7.
a
9.
a
9.
a
10.
U
11.
a
17.
a
23.
Dec.
4.
u
10.
It
12.
a
13.
a
14.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Newberry. Johnson.
Ilammeifest. Noodt.
Bamberg. Ellner. Jahn.
Providence. Caswell. Neioberry. Johnson.
Bamberg. Ellner. Jahn.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
.Xi wberry. Johnson.
Sitka. Kupffer. Hammerfest. Noodt
llammerfest. Noodt.
Sitka. Kupffer.
1857.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
llammerfest. Noodt.
Sitka. Kupffer. 1
Netcberry. Johnson.
Worcester. Bemis. 4
Providence, R. I. Caswell.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Newberry. Johnson.
Sitka. Kupffer.
Lat. 75° N. Long. 66° W.
Lat. 75° N. Long. 65° IF.
Lat. 75° N. Long. 66° W.
Lat. 75° N. Long. 66° W.
Sitka. Kupffer.
Lat. 75° N. Long. 69° W.
Newberry. Johnson.
Lat. 75° N. Long. 69° W.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Lat. 75° .V. Long. 69° W. M'Clintock
Bogosloicski. Kupffer.
Lat. 75° N. Long. 68° W. M'Clintock.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Lat. 75° N. Long. 68° W. M'Clintock,
Newberry. Johnson.
Lat. 75° N Long. 68° W.
Lat. 75° N. Long. 68° W.
Lat. 75° N.Long. 68° W.
Lat. 74° N. Long. 67° W.
M'Clintock.*
M'Clintock.
M'Clintock.
M'Clintock.
M'Clintock.
M'Clintock.
M'Clintock.
M'Clintock.
M'Clintock.
M'Clintock.
1 Annal. de l'Observ. Phys. Centrale de Russie, 1857, pp. 385
et 513.
2 Twenty-Fifth Report of the Lunatic Asylum, p. 76.
8 Meteor. Papers of the Board of Trade, London, IV. 9.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
109
Dec. 15. Newberry. Johnson.
" 10. Sacramento, California. Logan. 1
" 1G. St. Petersburg. Kupffer. 2
" 1G. Lat. 74° N. Long. C7° W. M'Clintock.
" 17. Catharinebourg. Kupffer. 9
" 17. Rochester, N. Y. Dewey.
" 17. Hammerfest. Noodt. Brussels. Quetelet.*
" 17. Lat. 74° N. Long. G7 C W. M'Clintock.
" 17. Nertchinsk and Barnaoul. Kupffer. 2
" 20. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 20. Newberry. Johnson.
" 22. Rochester, N. Y. Dewey.
1858.
Jan. 1. Hammerfest. Noodt.
" 8. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 8. Worcester. Bemis. 4 Providence. Caswell.
" 8. Newberry. Johnson. Rochester. Dewey. 5
" 8. Catharinebourg. Kupffer. 6
9. Lat. 73° N. Long. 66° W. M'Clintock.
" 1 1. Lat. 73° N. Long. 64° W. M'Clintock.
" 1 2. Cambridge ? Bond. Lovering.
" 12. Rochester, N. T. Dewey.
" 12. Lat. 73° N. Long. 64° W. M'Clintock.
" 17. Hammerfest. Noodt.
" 17. Lat. 73° N. Long. G4° W. M'Clintock.
Feb. 2. St. Petersburg. Kupffer. 6 Hammerfest. Noodt.
2. Lat. 72° N. Long. 61° W. M'Clintock.
" 3. Hammerfest. Noodt.
" 3. Lat. 72° N Long. 61° W.
6. Lat. 72° N. Long. 61° W.
7. Lat. 72° N. Long. 61° W.
« 9. Lat. 72° N. Long. 61° W.
" 10. Lat. 72° N.Long. 61° W.
" 12. Sitka. Kupflfer.
" 13. Lat. 72°N. Long. Gr W.
" 14. Hammerfest. Noodt.
" 15. Newberry Johnson. Sitka. Kupffer.
" 15. Lat. 72° N. Long. 61° W. M'Clintock.
" 16. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering. Sitka. Kupffer.
" 16. Lat. 72° N. Long. 61° W. M'Clintock.
1 Amer. Journ. Sci. Second Series, XXIX. 260.
2 Annal. de l'Observ. Phys. Centrale de Russie, 1857, pp. 61,
147, 229, et 315.
8 Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. Second Series, IV. 9.
4 Twenty-Sixth Report of the Lunatic Asylum, p. 67.
6 Reports of Regents of the Univ. New York, 1859, pp. 230
and 242.
6 Annal. de l'Observ. Rhys. Centrale de Russie, 1858, pp. 41,
127, et451.
vol. x. 22
M'Clintock.
M'Clintock.
M'Clintock.
M'Clintock.
M'Clintock.
M'Clintock.
W. M'Clintock.
Tobolsk. Kupffer.
Feb. 17. Rochester, N. T. Dewey.
" 17. Lat. 71° N. Long. 61° W. M'Clintock.
" 18. Lat. 7 1° N. Long. 61° W. M'Clintock.
" 19. Lat. 7 \° N. Long. V>\° W. M'Clintock.
Mar. 1. St. Petersburg. Bogoslowslci. Kupffer. 1
2. Lat. 70° N. Long. 60° W. M'Clintock.
" 3. St. Petersburg. Kupffer.
" 4. Lat. 70° N. Long. 60° W. M'Clintock.
" 5. Lat. 70° N. Long. 60° W. M'Clintock.
" G. Lat. 70° N. Long. C0° W. M'Clintock.
8. Lat. 70° N. Long. 60° W. M'Clintock.
" 12. Worcester. Bemis. Sitka. Kupffer.
" 13. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 13. Worcester. Bemis.
" 13. Newberry. Johnson. Providence. Caswell.
" 13. Hammerfest. Noodt.
" 13. Lat. 72° N. Long. CO
" 14. Armagh. Robinson. 1
" 14. Hammerfest. Noodt.
" 15. Lat. 70° N. Long. 60° W. M'Clintock.
" 10. Lat. 70° N. Long. 59° W. M'Clintock.
" 17. Lat. 70° N. Long. 59° W. M'Clintock.
" 18. Lat. 70° N. Long. 59° W. M'Clintock.
" 28. Sitka. Kupffer.
" 30. Sitka, Kupffer.
" 31. Sitka. Kupffer.
Apr. 1. Lat. 68° N. Long. 59° W. M'Clintock.
" 2. Newberry. Johnson.
" 3. Newberry. Johnson.
" 9. Worcester. Bemis.
" 9. Tasmania. Abbott. 3 Tobolsk. Kupflfer.
" 9. Minister. Ileis. Chrisliania. Hansteeu. 4
" 10. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 10. Worcester. Bemis. Providence. Caswell.
" 10. Newberry. Johnson. Melbourne. Neumaier. 4
" 11. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 11. Newberry. Johnson. Tobolsk. Kupffer.
" 11. Tasmania. Abbott.
" 11. Lai .67° N. Long. 59° W. M'Clintock.
•' 12. Lat. 67° N. Long. 58° W. M'Clintock.
" 14. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 14. Lat. 60° N. Long. 58° W. M'Clintock.
« 15. Lat. 66° N. Long. 58° W. M'Clintock.
May 7. Newberry. Johnson. Rochester. Dewey.
" 8. Sitka. Kupffer. Tasmania. Abbott.
1 Annal. tie l'( lljserv. Phys. Centrale de Russie, 1859, p. 507.
2 Phil. Mag. Fourth Series, XV. 326.
3 Papers and PrOC. Roy. Soc. Tasmania, III. Pt. II.
4 Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. VI. 365.
170
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172
ON THE PERIODICITY OF TIIE AURORA BOREALIS.
Dec. 13. Cqtharinebourg. Zlatoovste. Kupffer.
" 14. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering. Sitka. Kupffer.
" 15. Marquette, Lake Superior. Dewey. 1
" 15. Mammerfest. Noodt.
" 16. Hammerfest. Noodt.
" 21. Hatnmerfest. Noodt.
" 23. Hammerfest. Noodt.
" 26. Newberry. Johnson.
" 30. Hammerfest. Noodt.
1860.
Jan. 14. Haparanda, Sweden. Bohm. 2
•' 15. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering. Dorpal. Bohm.
" 20. Hammerfest. Noodt.
" 21. Haparanda. Bohm. Hammerfest. Noodt.
" 22. Haparanda. Bohm.
Full. 10. Bogoslowski. Kupffer. 8 Hammerfest. Noodt.
" 11. Haparanda. Bohm.
" 42. Haparanda. Peckeloh. Bohm.
" 17. Newberry. Johnson.
" 21. Worcester. Bemis.
" 21. Newberry. Johnson. Providence. Caswell.
" 22. Stockholm. St. Petersburg. Reval. Bohm.
Mar. 10. Zlatoouste. Kii[.tfV_-r. 3
" 12. Bogoslowshi. Kupffer. Haparanda. Bohm.
" 12. Copenhagen. Stockholm. Bohm.
" 13. Haparanda. Bohm.
" 14. Newberry. Johnson. Sitka. Kupffer.'
" 16. Sitka. Kupffer.
" 1 7. Worcester. Bemis. Newberry. Johnson.
" 18. Worcester. Bemis.
" 18. Newberry. Johnson. Bogoslowski. Kupffer.
" 19. Worcester. Bemis.
" 20. Bogoslowski. Kupffer.
" 24. Cuba. Bohm.
" 26. Worcester. Bemis. Providence. Caswell.
" 27. Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
" 27. Worcester. Bemis.
" 28. Bogoslowski. Kupffer.
" 29. ( 'iiiliiirinibourg 3 and Bogoslowski. Kupffer.
" 29. Stockholm. Bohm.
Apr. 9. Newberry. Johnson. 4 Bogoslowski. Kupffer.
" 9. Copenhagen. Paris. Dorpat. Bohm.
" 12. Worcester. b Bemis.
" 12. Hamburg and Haparanda. Bohm.
1 Reports of Regents of Univ. New York, 18C0, p. 229.
2 Magnet, and Meteor. Bcobaeht. zu Prng. XXI. Jahr. p. ix.
8 Annal. de I'Observ. Phys. Centrale de Russie, I860, pp. 131
385, 505, et 539.
' Reports of Regents of Univ. New York, 1863, p. 415.
6 Twenty-eighth Report of the Lnnatie Asylum, p. 68.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering. Worcester. Bemis.
Ni wberry. Johnson. Providence. Caswell.
Hamburg and Haparanda. Bohm.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Worcester. Bemis.
Worcester. Bemis.
St. Petersburg. Kupffer. 1
Lougan. Kupffer. 2
Worcester. Bemis.
Sacramento, Cal. Logan. 8
Newberry. Johnson.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Worcester. Bemis. Newberry. Johnson.
Worcester. Bemis.
Prague. Vienna. Berlin. Bohm.
Chicago, Illinois. Bradley. 8
Naugard and Athens. Bohm.
Zlatoouste and Lougan. Kupffer.
New Haven. Herrick. 4
Prussia. I'm, ice. Greece. Ileis. 6 Bohm.
New Haven. Herrick. Chicago. Bradley.
Paris, rleis. Norderney. Bohm.
St. Petersburg. Kupffer.
Prague and Peckeloh. Bohm.
Chicago. Bradley. Bogoslowski. Kupffer.
Prague. Ileis. Cutharinebourg. Kupffer.
J'mis. Kremsmunster, fyc. Bohm.
Emden mid Westphalia. Ileis. Bohm.
Athens. Ileis. Bohm.
Worcester. Bemis. Newberry. Johnson.
Chicago, Illinois. Bradley.
Worcester. Bemis. Stockholm. Bohm.
Newberry. Johnson. 6
Westphalia. Bohm.
Westphalia. Bohm.
Gouda, Netherlands. Bohm.
( 'ambridgc. Bond. Lovering.
Worcester. Bemis. Newberry. Johnson.
Utrecht, Stockholm, Peckeloh. Bohm.
New Haven. Herrick. 7 Sitka. Kupffer.
Stockholm and Leipsic. Bohm.
Peckeloh. Bohm.
Stockholm inn/ Haparanda. Bohm.
Worcester. Bemis.
1 Annal. de I'Observ. Phys. Centrale de Russie, 1860, p. 49
2 Annal. de I'Observ. Phys. Centrale de Russie, 1860, p. 573.
5 Amer. Jour. Sci. Second Series, XXXI. 136, and XXXII. 148.
• Amer. Jour. Sci. Second Strii s, XXX. 298.
6 Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. X. 417 et 422.
6 Aurora Australia.
7 Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. Second Series, X. 420.
Apr.
13.
u
13.
u
13.
ii
14.
((
15.
u
18.
May
6.
June
22.
u
30.
July
4.
tt
17.
(t
19.
ft
19.
Aug
6.
U
7.
tt
8
u
8.
tt
8.
a
9.
a
9.
a
10.
tt
10.
u
10.
it
11.
a
12.
u
12.
a
12.
u
13.
a
14.
u
16.
u
17.
tt
18.
ii
22.
il
25.
a
27.
a
30.
Sep
. 6.
a
6.
tt
6.
u
7.
tt
7.
a
8.
tt
10.
tt
15.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALI8.
173
St'pi
.16
U
17
a
25.
Oct.
1
C(
8
it
11
((
25
a
29
Nov
. 4
»
4
CI
13.
u
27
it
29
Dec.
8.
u
9
U
10.
Ci
10.
u
15.
u
15.
a
18
Jan.
2.
u
7.
u
12.
hi
13
li
22.
U
22.
a
22.
%i
31
a
31
Feb
2
U
3
u
12
If
16
((
20
((
27
(C
27
u
27.
a
28.
Mai
. 1
II
2
it
4
((
5
«
9
il
9
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Newberry. Johnson.
Worcester. Bemis.
Kreaznach, Prussia. Bohm.
Worcester. Bemis.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
Haparanda. Bohm.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Worcester. Bemis.
Z/atoouste. Kupffer.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
Minister. Heis. Peckeloh. Bohm.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
Catharineboiirg. Ku pfFer.
St. Petersburg. Kupffer.
Worcester. Bemis.
( 'afharinebourg. Kupffer.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
1861.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
Z/atoouste. Kupffer.
Worcester. Bemis. 1
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Minister and Peckeloh. Heis. Dorpat. B6hm. :
Lode. Kopp. 8 Elberfeld. Bohm.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Worcester. Bemis.
Peckeloh. Heis.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
Prague. Bohm.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
Cambridge. Bond.
Worcester. Bemis.
Lovering.
Newbe
ewberry
Rochester. Dewey. 4 Prague.
Rochester. Dewey.
Haparanda. Bohm.
Peckeloh. Bohm.
Athens. Heis. 5
Rochester. Dewey.
Cambridge. Bund
Neuchatel. Kopp.
Johnson.
Bohm.
Hammerfest. Noodt.
Lovering.
Brussels. Quetelet. 6
Mar. 9.
" 9.
" 9.
9.
" 11.
" 13.
" 14.
" 17.
" 19.
" 25.
" 26.
" 28.
Apr. 7.
" 11.
" 15.
" 15.
June 12.
Aug. 1.
" 5.
" 22.
Sept. 8.
" 15.
Oct. 10.
" 24.
" 25.
" 27.
Nov. 5.
" 7.
1.
4.
5.
18.
19.
29.
Jan. 1.
2.
" 31.
Feb. 1.
" 2.
" 7.
" 28.
Mar. 1.
i Twenty-ninth Report of the Lunatic Asylum, p. 61.
' Magnet, und Meteor. Beobacht. zn Prag.XXII. Jahr. p. xn.
8 Bull. Soc. Sei. Nat. Neuchatel. VI. 2.37.
4 Reports of Regents of the Univ. New York, 1862, pp. 412,421.
<• Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. XI. 317 et 644.
Dec.
St. Petersburg. Kupffer. 1 Munster.
Haparanda and Stockholm. Bohm.
Greenwich. Paris. Cracoto. Bohm.
Prague. Berlin. Dorpat. Bohm.
Neivberry. Johnson.
Stockholm. Bohm.
Stockholm. Bohm.
Haparanda. Bohm.
Jicin. Bohm.
Stockholm and Prague. Bol.m.
Stockholm. Bohm.
Newberry. Johnson.
Sitka. Kupffer. 2
Newberry. Johnson.
Ihijinranda and Munster. Bohm.
Peckeloh and Berlin. Bohm.
Worcester. Bemis.
Rochester. Dewey. •
Cambridge, Bond.
Near Lake Superior.
Worcester. Bemis.
Worcester. Bemis.
Newberry. Johnson.
Worcester. Bemis.
Newberry. Johnson.
Neioberry. Johnson.
Peckeloh. Bohm.
Lichtenberg, Peckeloh, fyc. Bohm.
Christiania. Hansteen.*
Stockholm. Peckeloh. Bohm.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Ch ristiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Dorpat. Dresden. Bohm.
Haparanda. Ballot. 4
Heis.
Lovering.
Sand. Rive. 8
Newberry. Johnson.
Rochester. Dewey.
Christiania.
Haparanda.
Stockholm.
Christiania.
Christiania.
Stockholm.
Christiania.
Stockholm.
Haparanda.
1862.
Ballot.
Ballot.
Ballot. 4
Hansteen.
Hansteen.
Ballot.
Hansteen.
Ballot.
Ballot.
1 Annal. de 1'Observ. Phys. Ocntrale do Russie, 18G1, pp
et 537.
2 Annal. de 1'Observ. Phys. Centralo de Russie, 1801, p. 4. r )5
s Mem. de la Soc. de Phys. Geneva, XVI. 330.
4 Nederlandsch. Meteorol Jaarboek. 1862, p. 319.
45
174
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Mar. 7.
Christiania. Hansteen.
" 15.
Ckristiani a. Hansteen.
Apr. 27.
Newberry. Johnson. 1
May 14.
Christiania. Hansteen.
July 27.
Leipsic. Ballot.
Aug. 4.
Worcester. Bemis. 2 Christiania. Hansteen
" 14.
Worcester. Bemis.
" 18.
Worcester. Bemis.
" 22.
Newberry. Johnson.
" 28.
Worcester. Bemis. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 20.
Worcester. Bemis. Newberry. Johnson.
" 30.
Worcester. Bemis. Newberry. Johnson.
Sept. 1.
Christiania. Hansteen.
" 11.
St. Petersburg and Dorpat. Ballot.
« 17.
( 'hristiania. Hansteen.
" 20.
Haparanda. Ballot.
" 21.
Christiania. Hansteen.
" 23.
Christiania. Ballot.
" 24.
Worcester. Bemis. Christiania. Hansteen
" 25.
Worcester. Bemis. Newberry. Johnson.
" 25.
Christiania. Hansteen.
" 26.
Newberry. Johnson. Christiania. Hansteen.
" 27.
Worcester. Bemis.
Oct. 3.
( hristiania. Hansteen.
" 4.
Christiania. Hansteen. Petersburg. Ballot.
" 10.
Reval, Russia. Iwanoff. 3
" 11.
Montpcllicr. Ballot.
" 14.
Stockholm. Ballot.
" 23.
( 'hristiania. Hansteen.
" 26.
Cherbourg ? Ballot.
" 29.
( 'hristiania. Hansteen.
" 30.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Nov. 10.
( 'hristiania. Hansteen.
" 17.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Dec. 14.
Neuchatel. Hirsch. 4 Brussels. Quetelet. 5
" 14.
Christiania and Europe generally. Ballot.
" 23.
Newberry. Johnson.
" 24.
Worcester. Bemis. 6 Christiania. Hansteen.
" 26.
C 'hristiania. Hansteen.
1863.
Jan. 25. Christiania. Hansteen.
1 Reports of Regents of the Univ. New York, 1863, p. 415.
2 Thirtieth Report of the Lunatic Asylum, p. 110.
3 Corr. Annuell. des Mine9 de Russie, 1860, p. xxvm.
4 Bull. Soc. Sci. Nat. Neuchatel. VI. 279.
s Annuaire de l'Obscrv. Royal de Brux. 1SG4, p. 200.
6 Thirty-first Report of the Lunatic Asylum, p. 68.
Jan. 26.
" 28.
Feb. 7.
" 8.
•• 22.
" 23.
" 24.
" 25.
" 26.
Mar. 21.
" 22.
" 24.
Apr. 9.
" 9.
" 9.
'• 15.
" 16.
" 17.
" 19.
" 21.
" 21.
" 24.
May 8.
Aug. 14.
Sept. 9.
" 23.
" 24.
" 25.
Oct. 5.
" 7.
9.
" 10.
•• 17.
" 20.
Nov. 5.
•• 13.
" 14.
June 7.
Aug. 14.
Sept. 20.
Nov. 19.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Cltristiania. Hansteen.
Worcester. Bemis. Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Hansteen. Stockholm. Ballot. 1
t 'hristiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Hansteen. Stockholm. Ballot
Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Worcester. Bemis. Christiania. Hansteen-
Christiania. Hansteen.
Worcester. Bemis. New Haven. 3
Newburypvrt. Mass. Perkins.
< 'hristiania. Hansteen. Stockholm. Ballot.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Hansteen.
C 'h ristiania. Hansteen.
Worcester. Bemis.
Worcester. Bemis.
Christiania. Hansteen. Munster. Heis.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Worcester. Bemis.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Worcester. Bemis.
Worcester. Bemis.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Haparanda. Ballot.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Haparanda. Ballot.
Christiania. Hansteen.
( 'hristiania. Hansteen.
< hristiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Hansteen.
Christiania. Hansteen.
1864.
Cambridge. Lovering.
Campton, New Hampshire. Lovering.
Cambridge. Bond. Lovering.
Cambridge. Lovering.
1 Nedcrlandsch. Meteorol. Jaarboek. 1863, p. 319.
2 Amer. Journ. Sci. Second Series, XXXV. 462.
ON TFIE PERIODICITY OF TIIE AURORA BOREALIS.
175
TABLES
I. AURORAS OBSERVED AT CAMBRIDGE, MASS., ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Tear.
Jan.
Fe
b. Mar. |
Apr.
Ma;
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
No
T. Deo.
T..I ,1
1742
.
2
2
1743
1
•
,
.
,
L
2
1744-5
.
.
1746
3
2
1
,
1
7
1747
i
I
1
1
2
2
1
10
1748
L
1
:
L 2
(5
1749
]
L 1
2
1
1
1
1
i
>
10
1750
2
1
J 2
4
1
2
I
i
1
17
1751
(
5
1
5
1752
1
.
1
2
1753
1
.
1
1754-6
1757
3
i
I '.
6
1758
i
2
1
.
'
4
1759
1
3
1
•
5
1760
1
1
1
2
i
.
6
1761
2
1
.
c
j
5
1762
]
L
1
3
1
1
7
1763
1
1
1
1
1
.
]
L
6
1764
]
L 1
1
3
1
1
3
.
11
1765
]
L
2
3
,
1
7
1766
.
a
.
.
.
1767
2
1
,
,
3
1768
]
[
1
1
1
1
1
6
1769
i
]
I
3
3
1
1
5
1
16
1770
2
]
L 1
1
1
4
2
2
,
14
1771
]
I 2
■
2
.
2
2
2
i
! 1
15
1772
1
1
.
4
.
i
7
1773
2
2
1
5
4
2
.
16
1774
]
L 1
1
,
1
5
2
2
5
1
15
1775
1
£
! 1
*
1
5
1776
1
•
3
4
1777
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
£
t 2
14
1778
1
(
I 3
3
1
2
2
2
16
1779
i
$
1
4
1781
1
.
1
1782
.
3
3
1
7
1783
1
1
2 5
3
3
14
1784
.
1
1
1
1
4
1785
1
1
1
5
! 1
6
1786
I 7
3
1
1
6
2
2
3
:
28
1787
1
L 2
2
2
3
2
3
2
4
«;
1 2
27
I78S
1
I 2
2
1
3
5
7
4
.
26
ITS'.)
1
I 3
3
5
2
2
.
2
]
1
21
1790
.
.
1791
.
,
.
.
1792
,
.
.
.
.
1793
1
.
1
.
2
Total
17
3
1 16
33
24
26
44
40
49
32
3
I 17
390
176
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
II. AURORAS OBSERVED AT CAMBRIDGE, MASS., ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Year
1840
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May j June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Total
10
2
2
l
i
1
1
1
.
1841
2
3
8
5
l
2
1
4
2
28
1842
2
.
1
2
1
1
,
1
1
9
1843
,
1
2
1
1
5
1844
2
l
1
.
1
.
1
6
1845
1
1
,
.
2
1
.
2
7
1846
.
2
l
1
2
4
3
.
1
14
1847
1
2
2
l
2
1
9
1848
I
2
4
3
2
2
.
2
3
1
20
1849
1
1
,
1
1
.
.
4
hs;»ii
4
3
I
2
3
,
1
14
1851
2
1
.
1
2
2
1
2
.
11
1852
1
4
1
1
4
1
9
1
9
3
4
6
44
1853
2
2
4
3
4
4
2
4
2
1
1
29
1854
3
4
4
3
4
1
2
3
I
1
26
1855
1
2
1
4
2
1
1
12
1856
.
1
1
t
3
1
1
7
1857
.
3
2
1
6
1858
2
1
1
3
2
2
4
7
1
1
24
1859
2
1
1
2
3
5
,
1
15
1860
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
9
1861
3
1
1
,
1
.
t
6
1862-3
.
,
,
.
1864
•
•
-
.
1
•
.
.
1
Total
19
27 37
39
21
10
29
20
45 I 33
17
19
316
III. AURORAS OBSERVED AT BOSTON, ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Year
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept. Oct.
Hot.
Dec.
Total
1
1818
.
.
1
.
1819
1
1
1
1
4
1820
]
1
1821
1822
]
1
1823
•
1824
1825
]
•
2
1826
1827
t
!
2
1828
1829
1830
i
!
3
1831-4
1835
#
i
I
2
1836
]
L
1
1837
1
2
3
1838
]
1
2
<
S
7
1839
5
1
3
1840
]
L
2
1841
5
2
1842-6
1847
1
1
1848
Total
1
1
2
4
1
5
1 2
2
1
6
2
6
4
36
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
177
IV.
AURORAS
OBSERVED AT
SALEM, MASS
., ARRANGED BY YEARS
AND MONTHS
Year
Jan.
Feb.
Mar. 1
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug. 1 Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec. Total
1786
2
G
5
2
3
7
4
3
1
3
2
41
1787
l
5
2
3
2
2
5
4
2
3
2
2
33
1788
2
1
4
5
7
4
.
23
1789
2
4
2
6
6
5
2
3
4
1
5!
37
1790
2
2
2
1
1
1
.
11
1791
2
2
2
4
.
1
11
1792
3
2
1
6
1793
2
1
2
1
6
1794
1
1
1795
1
1
2
179G 1
1801)
1802
,
1
1
1803
1
1
2
4
1804
S
1
4
1805
1
1
3
1806
2
1807-8
1809
1
2
1810-13
1814
1
3
1815
1
1
1816-17
.
1818
1
1
1819
1
2
.
2
1820
•
•
1
•
1
Total
9
14
18
17
15
15
30
1
7 21
22
12
8 198
V. AURORAS OBSERVED AT W(
• RCESTER, MA
3S., ARRAN
GED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Year
Jan. Feb.
Mar.
3
Apr.
May
June
July
Ai
ig. Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
J>
:c. Total
1,839
1
,
l
4
.
.
4
2
3
18
1840
4
.
1
2
1
i
2
t
I
1
4
i
t 24
1841
2
2
3
2
2
L
1
1
14
1842
2
3
4
2
1
12
1843
■
3
.
.
C
>
1
.
G
1844
1
L
.
2
1 8 1 5
1
1
1
1
c
!
I
1
8
1846
1
1
1
1
1
1
.
L 7
1847
1
1
2
L 5
1848
2
3
1
c
!
.
1
3
L 13
1849
3
1
.
1
5
1 850
1
2
]
1
2
6
1 85 1
1
1
3
2
7
1852
2
.
(
2 4
1 853
1
1
1
3
6
is 54
2
I
3
1
4
12
L855-6
.
is. 57
.
1
1
1858
1
2
2
2
6
L 14
1859
2
2
3 2
2
11
I860
1
5
4
1
3 3
1
L
I 21
1861
2
1
1
2
1
7
1862
Total
.
.
.
1
5 :;
9 30
•
9
19
13
■J 7
25
10
9
12
22
I 1
5 1
1 212
VOL. X.
23
178
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
VI. AURORAS OBSERVED AT PROVIDENCE, R. I., ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Year
Jan.
Feb. Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Total
183-2
.
#
.
.
.
1
1
1835
l
.
.
2
3
1836
.
i
i
2
6
1837
l
•
.
• 2
2
]
7
1838
.
1
i
l
1
2
1
9
1839
3
.
1
2
3
9
1840
1
1
1
i
1
1
,
2
8
1841
.
2
1
i
1
6
1842
1
,
,
.
1
1843
.
,
1
i
.
3
1844
.•
.
.
,
1
2
1845
1
1
.
,
2
184G
1
1
l
1
2
7
1847
.
.
1
.
1
1
1
■>
2?
8
1848
.
4
1
l
1
.
1
.
2
2
2
14
1849
1?
2
1
,
.
.
2
2
1
9
1850
1
.
2
2
2
1
2
2
12
1851
.
2
,
1
2
1
3
9
1852
2
1
1
4
1
2
1
1
. 2
15
1853
.
,
2
1
,
3
[854
1
3
.
1
1
1
7
1855
1856
1
1
1857
.
.
1
1
1858
1
1
1
1
1
5
1859
.
1
.
1
. 2
1
4
9
18G0
•
1
1
1
.
.
.
.
3
Total
15
17
14
13
18
7
10
7
21
21
14
3
160
V
II. AURORAS OBSERVED AT BURLINGTON,
VT., ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Year
Jan.
F.b.
Mar. Apr.
.M v.
June
July
Aug.
Sept
Oct.
Nov.
Due.
Total
1852
5
4
4 5
6
2
2
2
3
2
2
1
39*
1853
3
2
5 3
6
3
4
1
5
1
1
2
35
Total
8
6
9 8
12
5
6
3-
8
3
3
3
74
VII]
. AURORAS OBSERVED AT ST. MARTIN, CANADA. ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Year
Jan.
IVI..
I
Mar.
Apr.
4
Ma}
Juin-
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Total
1853
2
1
4
2
7
3
6
1
2
3
39
1854
4
6
5
2
7
3
8
2
2
3
50
Total
6
9
7
9
9
4
14
6
14
3
6
89
a
. AURORAS OBSERVED AT AVILMINGTON,
DEL., ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Year
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
Jane
July
Aug.
1
Sept. Oct.
Nov.
Dee.
Total
1827
.
,
.
m
3
2
6
1828
1
,
2
3
1829
1
.
1
.
1
3
1830
.
.
3
3
1
2
4
2
16
1831
2
1
1
l
1
1
4
12
1832
1
1
.
2
1
1
6
1833
1
.
1
4
1
1
1
1
7
Total
6
1
r
5 5
6
5
10
3
3
4
53
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
179
X. AURORAS OBSERVED AT NEWBERRY, VT., ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Year
1830
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug. Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Total '
,
.
.
.
.
1
1
1834
.
1
,
.
,
1
1835
.
.
.
.
1
1
1836
2
.
l
2
.
5
1837
2
.
2
1
.
5
1838
1
2
1
2
.
6
1839
1
1
2
1
3
.
1
9
1840
3
1
1
2
1
8
1841
3
6
,
.
9
1842
1
.
.
1
•
2
1843
,
2
1
1
4
1844
1
1
.
2
1845
1
2
.
.
1
4
1846
1
2
,
2
5
1847
,
.
2 .
.
3
1848
1
3
.
;
1
]
1
4
2
•1
16
1849
1
4
,
2
4
1
13
1850
,
.
.
.
1851
2
4
2
3
2
,
13
1852
2
.
l
3
2
1
10
1853
2
2
2
l
S
1
2
1
1
1
16
1854
4
3
2
3
2
1
.
15
1855
1
,
1
1
1
.
.
.
4
1856
1
.
1
.
>
2
1
5
1857
.
.
1
1
.
1
3
6
1858
1
1
1
4
3
4
14
1859
1
2
1
4
i
2
1
i
13
1860
,
2
3
2
5
l
2
,
12
1801
1
2
1
1
4
9
1862
•
•
1
3
2
•
i
/ .
Total
23
34
28
30
6
2
3
11
32
30
10
9
218
ft
XI. AURORAS OBSERVED AT JENA, GERMANY, ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Year
Jan.
Feb.
Mar. Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept. Oct. Nov.
Dec.
Total
1770
1
.
1
.
3
.
.
2
7
1771
.
.
1
.
.
.
1
1772
,
.
.
1
.
.
1
1777
1
.
.
2
1
4
1778
1
1
2
.
.
1
5
1779
4
]
2.
4
.
1
12
1780
1
1
I
1
1
.
5
1781
.
L
2
.
.
1
4
1783
]
L
2
1
,
1
5
1784
.
1
1
1
3
1785
.
.
1
1
1786
1
.
2
1787
2
:
L
1
1
5
10
1788
e
!
1
]
L
2
4
5
1
16
1789
]
.
.
.
1
2
1790
]
:
L
.
.
2
"1792
1
1
.
2
1793
.
. .
.
1
I
1796
Total
1
•
•
•
1
2
9
4
10
4
2
4
8
14
15
6
6
84
180
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
XII.
AU-J
K o OBSERVED AT NEW HAVEN
CONN
, ARRANGED BY
YEARS AND MONTHS
■tr 1 Jan.
Feb.
.'-ur.
Apr.
May |
June July
Aug.
Sept.
1
Oct.
5
Nov. 1
Dec
Total
170J "5 9
2
5
1
1
2
6
2
1
2
:
1777-8 2
1
1
,
,
.
1
4
1
1
1!
1780
,
2
.
2
1
1
1
HI
3
25
1781 3
1
3
4
2
3
1
3
2
1
1
1
25
1782
1
2
3
2
1
3
2
1
20
its:; i
o
3
4
1
1
1
1
.
.
14
1784-85
.
1
1
1
1
1
2
.
7
178G
1
7
2
3
2
2
3
.
2
2
24
1787
3
,
1
4
4
1
1
.
1
15
1788
2
1
3
1
8
4
,
.
.
19
1789
1
2
1
5
4
5
1
1
1
21
L790-4 1
.
,
,
3
2
1
1
2
ID
1802-20 2
I
2
3
3
1
1
6
1
1
.
21
1827-30 3
1
1
3
I
.
2
•"'
19
L831-36 1
1
2]
2
1
2
3
1
.
7
i
27
1837
2
1
1
2
1
3
5
.)
• >
1
.7
4
40
1838
5
5
2
3
1
2
4
;;
s
1
t i
1
39
1839
5
2
3
2
6
2
2
4
i
t!
6
2
45
1840
5
2
4
5
3
.
3
4
3
i
5 6
44
1841
3
6
5
4
1
2
2
1
6
4
3
2
■12
1 8 1 2
1
2
4
1
2
1
.
11
1843
,
2
1
1
2
13
10
1811
2
•1
1
.
1
.
1 2
2
10
1845
2
1
3
1
•
3
. 3
3
2 1
3
30
1846
2
1
1
4
4
1
4
3
7
1
2
22
1847
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
:;
.
G
3
53
is is
3
9
2
5
3
1
4
3
1
4
13
5
20
1841)
2
4
2
1
.
1
2
4
2
1
1
30
1850
1
4
4
2
2
,
3
2
5
1
1
2
21
1851
2
1
3
.
1
2
2
.
5
a
42
1852
1
5
2
3
6
5
3
1
6
3
4
3
22-
1853
1
1
5
3
3
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
22
is;,!
3
1
5
2
2
•
2
•
•
15
Tol ;!
63
59
72
67
62
46
72
66
97
62
86
61
XIII. AURORAS OBSERVED AT ABO, FINLAND, ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Tear
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
M.i\
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
1
Oct.
Not.
Dec.
Total
1749
1
1
4
1750
2
2
3
.
• .
7
17.", 1
,
2
17:, 2
' i
2
l
1
3
5
15
17-",:;
1
l
3
3
1
•
10
17.", t
1
l
.
2
5
10
1755
.
.
.
.
1
3
1756
,
1
.
1
1757
.
1
1
2
5
175S
1
l
.
2
1
7
175!)
3
1
l
2
2
1
1
11
17 CO
3
3
1
1
9
17G1
1
2
• 2
1
1
3
2
2
15
1762
3
5
2
•
3
4
2
.
20
Total
9
14
14
14
l
1
6
24
21
8
7
' "I
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
181
XIV. AURORAS OBSERVE!) IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK, ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Year
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
Way
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
'Nov.
Dec. Total
1826
.
.
(
t
,
2
.
2
1827
l
.
2
.
5
3
1
l
1 14
1828
3
2
O
,
,
1
2
6
3
l
1 21
1829
3
3
2
5
2
3
3
l
2
24
1830
2
4
4
5
10
7
5
12
8
14
4
5
80
1831
3
4
15
6
2
8
11
1
1
3
.
1
55
1832
1
2
5
3
3
4
3
2
1
.
24
1833
1
.
2
3
4
2
3
3
10
6
1
2
37
1834
3
2
6
2
1
2
2
1
8
2
6
35
.1835
5
3
2
1
2
2
2
7
1
4
1
30
1836
2
1
9
4
10
10
11
3
4
6
1
61
1837
4
2
6
6
3
3
5
5
8
2
5
1
50
1838
5
4
4
1
3
4
3
10
1
4
3
4 2
1839
9
3
5
7
8
2
2
6
6
5
3
1
57
1840
6
5
7
10
9
3
3
9
5
6
5
5
73
1841
2
12
9
6
5
2
8
12
5
5
6
1
73
1842
3
3
2
6
.
3
6
1
3
2
4
2
35
1843
4
8
5
8
3
7
7
3
6
5
.
56
1844
1
1
5
3
5
1
1
1
4
3
4
1
30
1845
3
3
3
1
,
3
5
2
2
1
1
24
1846
2
.
1
5
9
2
3
6
8
5
2
4
47
1847
2
1
9
7
3
1
3
3
3
2
8
4
46
1848
8
12
8
9
3
3
6
5
1
7 6
5
73
1849
4
8
8
8
5
6
5
12
10
1
6
73
1850
1
7
9
5
7
7
9
14
13 '
8
4
6
90
1 s:, 1
Total
•
3
4
7
* 6
1
6
3
10
7
1
75
5
53
76 '
89
110
132
89
80
106
125
141
117
65 1205
XV.
AURORAS OBSERVE
AT GOTHAAB, GREENLAND
, ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Year
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Not.
19
Dec.
Total
1841
.
5
14
22
60
1842
15
18
7 .
9
1
14
6
11
12
93
1843
12
10
16
4
1
11
3
18
9
84
1814
11
8
9
5
3
12
12
15
12
87
1845
12
13
9
2
.
11
10
8
9
74
1846
Total
11
11
9
1
.
•
•
•
32
61
60
50
21
5
53
45
71
64
XVI.
AURORAS OBSERVEl
> AT HAMMERFEST, NORWA1
r , ARRANGED ]
3Y YEARS ANI
) MONTHS.
Year
Jan.
t. .
Ma. .
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Total
1850
.
.
.
.
.
1
1851
2
,
1
2
2
2
9
1852
3
2
,
.
2
2
9
1853
2
2
1
,
.
1
1
7
1854
2
2
1
1
3
3
12
1855
1
,
(
,
3
4
.
8
1856
1
2
1
2
1
.
2
9
1857
2
,
.
.
.
1
3
1858
2
3
2
.
.
1
8
1859
1
3
.
1
2
12
1860
■ ■>
1
.
1
2
2
8
1861
Total
1
19
3
1
•
•
•
5
16
8
4
9
16
19
91
182
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
XVII. AURORAS OBSERVED AT KENDALL AND KESWICK, ENGL., ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Year
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
>!:.>
Juno
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Not.
Dec.
Total
1786
.
g
3
.
1
2
6
2
1
1
16
1787
3 1
2
3
4
l
.
2
1
5
.
27
1788
6 5
3
8
7
l
1
6
3
6
5
2
53
1789
1
4
4
3
l
9
5
7
10
1
45
1790
1
2
6
8
4
.
.
1
3
9
2
36
1791
1
1
5
4
2
l
,
6
7
7
3
37 '
1792
3
2
2
3
1
l
2
1
6
1
1
23
1793
3
" 18
3
4
3
•
•
.
.
•
10
13
Total
is
26
32
21
5
2
21
23
36
38
250
XVIII. AURORAS OBSERVED IN GREAT BRITAIN, &c.
ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Year | -Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May l June
July
Aug. Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
i
Total
17111
2
,
2
.
.
2
6
1795
,
2
1
3
1796
.
1797
1
4
3
l
•
4
13
1798
.
.
1799
.
• '
1
1
2
1800
2
1
3
1801
2
1
1
.
4
1802
1
1
1
1
4
1803
.
t . *
2
2
1
1
6
1804
1
2
1
.
2
6
1805
1
1
1
4
1806
1
1
1
3
1807
1808
.
1
1809-13
.
1814
2
3
1815
.
1816
1
1
1817
.
1
L818
.
2
2
1819
.
2
i;
3
1820
.
2
1821
.
1
i
2
1822-4
.
1825
1
.
1
1826
1
1
.
2
1827
2
.
2
1
2
i
10
1828
.
1
3
.3
4
11
1829
3
1
]
.
2
4
3
3
18
1830
2
2
2
10
4
5
6
32
1831
7
3
6
4
1
1
.
.
23
1832
1
,
.
.
1
.
2
1
5
1833
.
3
2
.
1
5
1
.
I
12
1834
1
1
.
•
•
•
•
•
2
Total 21
19
23
12
3
2
1
3
35
23
21
22
1 s5
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
183
XIX. AURORAS OBSERVED AT PLYMOUTH, ENGLAND, ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Year
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
l"74G
1747
1748
Total
1
2
3
3
2
5
1
23
Apr.
May
12
June
July
"~3~
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
10
15
13
Total
13
8
7
6
2
9
3
2
11
9
G
7
4
7
6
4
2
2
4
5
3
120
XX. AURORAS OBSERVED AT MAKERSTOUN, SCOTLAND, ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
1843
1
1
1844
2
3
1845
1846
11
6
2
1847
1
1
1848
.
3
1849
7
10
Total
22
26
4
5
11
1
1
4
2
~28
Apr.
2
3
4
2
1
2
2
16
May
June
July
Aug.
16
Oct.
3
4
4
4
5
7
2
29
3
6
3
1
5
5
Total
23
3
20
2
30
2
47
1
17
1
18
2
26
•
26
11
184
XXI. AURORAS OBSERVED AT DUNSE, N. BRITAIN, ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
Total
Jan.
Feb.
5
3
9
1
5
5
6
3
2
2
2
1
1
.
1
2
;
1
2
2
33
20
Apr.
3
4
4
4
1
1
3 i
18 I 18
JUDe
July
Aug.
1
2
1
IT
Sept.
4
11
T
3
3
1
2
7
5
Oct.
1
7
6
3
3
3
1
4
6
~34~
2
2
6
7
1
4
1
1
6
~3~cT
Dec.
23
Total
27
38
43
42
9
10
13
10
16
30
238
184
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
XXII. AURORAS OBSERVED AT CIIRISTIANTA, NORWAY, ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Year
Jan.
Feb.
Mai
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
4
Not.
3
Dec.
Total
is:;:
.
,
4
9
2
22
1838
,
5
3
4
1
5
o
2
28
1839
6
4
3
5
1
1
4
4
2
30
1840
6
6
11
;;
2
2
2
1
<
1 l
is ll
6
.
2
3
2
3
4
11 4
35
1842
2
5
5
13
4
4
7
4 5
49
L843
6
8
11
1
.
7
4
.
1
38
1844
3
1
6
1
2
3
3
.".
.
22
LSI.',
•
2
3
1
6
1
•>
3
.
is
1846
3
->
o
8
12
4
3
39
is 47
2
1
5
6
1
4
10
4 5
38
is is
4
4
1
C>
5
4
■ i
4
38
ism
5
7
6
•3
3
6
4
5
4 2
1850
3
3
6
1
6
3
.
2
25
1851
1
4
1
3
2
2
4
17
l s:,-2
1
s
7
6
11
2
4
6
45
1 853
1
3
61
2 2
•
•
■
•
8
otal
46
75 60
3
1
3
'<
78
65
55
55
534
XXIII.
AURORAS OBSERVED AT JAKOBSHAVN, GREENLAND, ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Tear
Jan.
Fob. 1 Mar. Apr. May
June
July
Aug.
Oct
2
Not.
Dec.
Tol il
1(1
is 40
.
l
1
.
1
2
3
is U
.
4
1
3
4
3
15
L842
3
.
3
2
5
2
15
1843
2
2
3
2
3
2
4
18
is H
2
1
1
.
.
5
3
12
L845
4
3
3
1
4
3
2
4
2 1
1841'.
2
3
1
2
6
2
5
21
is 17
4
3
3
1
3
1
2
17
1848
2
4
.
.
1
4
3
14
IS 111
1
.
2
2
3
3
11
18.30
3
1
3
2
3
4
5
21
1851
4
2
1
•
•
.
7
Total
27
24
17 1
17
28
34
37
185
XX
[V. AURORAS OBSERVED AT STOCKHOLM. SWEDEN, ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Year
Jan. Feb. Mar.
Apr. May
June
.Inly
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Not.
Dec.
Total
1783
1
l
1
1
2
i
6
17S4
]
1
.
.
.
2
2
1
,
.
7
1785
1
1
1
3
.
5
4
2
2
19
1786
.
3
9
14
1
2
6
5
3
4
47
1787
in
5
8
8
2
1
4
5
6
6
55
17SS
4
3
7
6
1
3
9
11
5
4
.,::
1780
3
5
6
10
.
9
6
4
10
4
57
1790
■~i
9
13
9 6
.
3
5
5
4
59
1 7 '. » 1
3
2
2
1
7
2
1
1
19
179-2
•
7
3
3
2
.
2
2
.
19
Total
•27
34
50
56
13
19
44
39
34
25
341
ON THE TEIUODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
185
XXV. AURORAS OBSERVED AT ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA, ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Yeir
Jan.
Feb.
Mar. | A
pr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
r.t. Nov.
Dec.
Total
1726
.
l
,
.
i
2 1
1727
4
2
.
.
2
2
1
11
1728
1
2
7
1
1
1
2
6 2
1
25
1729
.
1
1
3
1
6
1730
1
7
3
1
3
4
7 4
1
35
1731
2
5
L
1
1
5 1
2
18
1732 '
3
2
1
1
2
3
,
12
1733
•
2
•
L 2
1
6
1734
1
4
.
2
.
13
1735
1
1
.
1
L 1
2
7
1736
1
1
1
2
1
1
9
1737
i :
J
3
2
I
.
10
1738
r
1
2
I
2
7
1739
1
2
7 :
L
2
5
.
19
1740
3
4
3 ]
L 2
.
13
1741
3
2
I
5 '
1 2
3
26
1742
1
7 I
i
2
3
t 2
2
29
1743
2
2 ;
5 •
1
1
9
1744
.
.
1
1
1745
1
.
.
1
1746
1
5
3
10
1747
1
1
>
1
6
1748
]
I
1
.
2
1749
.
1
1750
1
1
1
4
1751
1
,
.
]
2
.
1
5
1752
3
i
]
4
1
1
1
12
1753-4
.
.
1755
.
.
1
1756
•
1
1757
1
.
1
1758
•
1
.
.
1
1759
1 !
>
3
6
1760
'(
1
2
1
.
10
1761
.
4 5
;
1
11
1762
2 -
3
t
3
3 5
! 3
4
25
1763
.
3
L
1
]
1
.
7
1764
1
4
2
L
1
1
1
1
12
1765
1
1
4
I
1
.
.
8
1766
.
.
.
1767
2
i
I
.
.
.
4
1768
2
1
.
.
.
3
1769
•
1
1 3
2
10
1770
_
4
3
1
I 2
13
1771
1
3
7
I
2
1
1
4
I 2
1
27
1772
3
2
7
1
•
(
I 2
2
22
VOL. X.
24
186
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOh KALIS.
ST. PETERSBURG, Continued.
T==
Year
177:;
177-1
1775
1 7 7 < ;
1777
1778
177'.>
17.su
I7.S1
17.S2
1783
1784
1 785
178ii
17s7
1 788
1789
1790
17'.)1
1792
1793
L794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1802
1 804
1805
1806
1808
1809-23
1 82 1
1825
1826
1827
1828
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1836
1837
1838
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845-6
•_>
3
1
1
4
1
2
2
4
1
7
4
2
6
•>
Mar.
4
4
4
1
6
5
5
2
3
3
3
1
2
12
3
1
2
Apr.
May
3
11
5
1
8
4
6
1
8
4
5
1
2
8
3
3
4
1
July
Aug. Sept.
Oct.
i
1
3
2
6
9
2
1
6
3
2
4
6
3
1
3
7
7
2
1
1
6
1
7
7
1
c
.
.
1
4
3
t
3
.i
2
2
€
f 1
2
1
1
i
1
1
■
1
1
1
]
L
5?
2?
1
1
2
"
L 1
.
■
J 3
G
2
3
1
32
46
23
12
26
31
37
19
29
30
17
7
14
40
10
10
15
4
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
12
5
1
4
2
1
2
2
4
40
10
9
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREAL!?.
181
ST. PETERSBURG, Omtmued.
Year Ja
is 47
a.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
All;,'.
Sept.
Oct.
Not.
Dec.
~ 3
Total
.
1
.
4
1 848 i
[
.
.
1
,
2
1849
1
.
,
J
,
1
1850
2
.
.
1
1
4
1851 ]
i
.
3
.
1
6
1852 1
4
i
3
10
1853-4
,
.
a
,
,
1855
■2
.
1
1
.
.
7
L856
i
1
1
.
3
1857
,
]
.
,
2
3
I
!
1
5
3
.
.
12
1859
1
,
3
2
4
4
1
15
I8fi0
2
7
; j
2
5
5
.
1
28
186.1 4
\
2
•_>
1
•
■
3
12
Total 7
1
100
170
152
42
13
15
62
145
146
83
79
1086
XXVI. AURORAS OBSERVED AT BRUSSELS, BELGIUM,
ARRANGED BY YEARS AND
MONTHS.
Year Ja
ii.
Feb.
1
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Total
1778
1
4
*
3
1
1
3
2
.
2
22
17711
L
1
1
2
2
.
2
,
3
o
3 17
1782
,
.
.
.
2
2
.
4
1783
.
.
4
2
,
.
.
.
6
1784
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
17s.-,
.
.
1
2
,
2
2
1
.
2
.
1786 1
1
1
5
12
I
3
6
.
2
.
2
34
1 787 1
5
5
3
2
7
5
2
.
2
1
33
1788
1
1
2
5
'i
1
2
.
.
1 is
1789
,
5
2
4
1
G
3
2
1
24
1790
.
.
.
.
.
i)
1791 ]
1
.
2
1
1
1
2
1
4 13
1792 1
[
3
1
.
1
.
.
1833
.
.
1
1
2
1834 1
.
1
.
2
.
,
1
1
1836
.
.
.
1
1
1837
1
.
1
.
1
3
1838
•
1
,
.
.
1
1839
•
1
,
1
1
4
18 10
.
1
1
.
2 4
1841
1
2
1
5
1842
1
1
1
3
1843
,
;
>
5
>
.
4
1846
.
2
2
1847
]
1
1 1
5
1848
.
,
2
2
1849
2
,
1 1
4
Total 1
2
.
.
1
1
13
18
22
3*
23
23
11
.16
23 17
15
231
188
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
XXVII. AURORAS OBSERVED AT UPSAL, SWEDEN, ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Ye:ir
1716
17 is
1720
1723
1724
171'.-.
1726
1727
172S
172'.)
17;;"
1731
1732
1736
1737
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
17 is
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1759
1760
1761
1762
Total
.1:111
4
2
10
4
1
3
6
1
2
1
3
5
6
2
1
1
2
7
5
5
3
6
1
2
5
7
7
5
2
7
10
1
4
4
5
5
3
2
2
2
6
9
11
85 i 131
Mar.
1
2
3
5
3
5
11
9
7
7
3
5
8
8
10
6
1
11
10
5
1
4
5
4
1
Apr.
I
2
6
1
1
3
4
2
1
8
2
2
2
7
8
May June
152 75
July
Aug
1
a
3
11
7
5
1
u
4
1
5
Sept.
3
3
15
4
8
4
9
8
6
2
2
6
4
7
3
2
3
2
5
1
1
(5
11
Oct.
2
1
1
1
4
3
10
6
3
7
7
6
16
10
8
1
1
14
4
3
5
2
5
6
2
3
3
2
8
2
72
126
146
2
1
1
2
6
10
5
1
7
3
7
2
4
1
2
3
4
6
2
2
4
4
1
3
2
9
7
4
4
109
1
3
2
1
3
6
4
2
1
3
10
2
3
2
5
4
2
6
3
1
8
4
5
1
1
12
4
1
7
Dotal
1
9
1
1
4
5
7
8
27
31
52
36
42
14
5
45
37
83
46
47
15
20
49
36
40
32
27
22
40
34
17
9
15
51
50
48
12
109 11018
XXVIII. AURORAS OBSERVED AT TORONTO, CANADA, ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Year
1848
1849
1850
1851
Total
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
8
14
13
18
11
6
9
8
17
11
20
11
11
12
3
3
3
6
5
3
5
2
3
7
9
s
35
4
5
21
37
34
46
24
31
Aug.
Sept.
6
8
4
7
25
7
12
5
_9_
"33"
Oct.
Nov
Dec.
15
13
12
12
13
4
9
3
1
7
5
9
43
34
26
389
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
189
XXIX. AURORAS OBSERVED AT BERLIN, PRUSSIA, ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Year
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Total
1707
.
1
.
2
1
4
1716
,
1
2
.
3
1717
1
.
1
1
1
.
4
1718
,
2
,
3
1719
1
.
1
3
1720
l
1
.
2
4
1721
l
1
1
.
3
1722
.
.
2
2
4
1723
.
.
1
1
.
2
1725
.
1
1
1
2
5
1726
.
.
.
.
1
1
1727
.
,
2
1
1
4
1728
1
.
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
10
1729
.
.
.
1
1
2
1
6
1730
.
1
i
1
1
1
3
3
11
1731
l
.
.
,
1
5
7
1732
,
2
2
1
1
2
3
1
12
1733
.
2
1
1
2
1
10
1734
l
1
1
1
1
t
5
1735
2
.
2
1
t
5
1768
.
t
,
.
.
1
1769
,
.
.
.
1
1
2
1770
2
5
5
5
1
1
m
.
19
1771
4
4
1
3
5
]
1
.
3
2
24
1772
2
1
4
3
1
1
.
2
15
1773
4
4
4
,
4
1
.
3
20
1774
6
4
2
,
12
1775
.
.
a
1
1
1776
2
.
.
1
1
4
1777
1
3
3
1
1
,
«1
2
12
1778
,
3
3
1
2
1
10
1779
• •
4
1
8
1
,
2
16
1780
.
1
,
,
.
1
2
1781 •
1
3
,
5
3
1
2
15
1782
1
1
3
,
1
1
1
4
.
12
1783
.
2
5
2
2
1
12
1784
.
2
a
1
2
1
,
6
1785
.
.
2
1
3
1786
3
2
6
10
2
1
.
.
24
1787
1
.
.
,
2
1
4
3
,
11
L788
2
.
.
.
.
,
.
m
2
1789
2
.
-
•
.
.
•
2
Total
21
37
55
48
39 2
10
10
22
45
29
13
331
190
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA IiOREALIS.
SXX. AURORAS OBSERVED AT TARIS, FRANCE
ARRANGED BY TEARS AND MONTHS.
Year
L784
Jan.
Feb.
Mar
Apr.
Ml>
June
July
Aug.
Oct.
1
ik
c. Total
,
3
l
.
.
.
5
17-.'.
.
1
1
.
.
.
•
.
2
1786
1
3
.
1
.
1
1
i
1787
1
1
3
5
l
1
3
•2
3
•_>
1
23
L788
1
J
3
.
•_>
1
1
2
1
11
1789
,
2
1
2
1
•'
J 1
1
12
1790
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
8
1791
1
1
3
1792
•
(i
1793
1
1
1794=
]
2
3
1795
2
2
L796
1
L797 9
1800
2
1801-2
•
L803
I
■
1
1804
1
2
1805
1
1
1 s 17
1
1827
1
.
1
1831
1
1
L833
1
1836
1
1837
-1
6
L838
2
1
3
1839
2
1
.
3
L840
1
1
1
.
3
184-2
■
•
•
•
1
1
Total
4
5
12 4
20
5
6
in
15
11
12
-
[
XXXI
. AURORAS OBSERVT.D AT CARLSRUIIE, GERMANY, ARRANGED BY YEARS AND M(
)NTHS.
Year
Jan. FeT>.
Apr.
May June
July Aog. Sept.
Oct. Not.
Dec. I
1779
1
3
2
5
2
.
l
3
1
1
2
•
>. 23
1780
1
1
1
1
1
4
5
1
3
1
19
1781
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
L 12
1782
2
1
1
4
1783
3
5
2
.
.
in
1784
1
.
t
.
2
1
4
1786
g
•2
1
1
.
4
1789
. 2
.
.
2
1
1
.
6
1804
.
.
.
.
.
1
•
1
1817
1
2
.
.
.
.
3
1831
1
.
.
•
.
•
•
•
•
1
Total
2
9
13
15
8
<
2
5 116
5
i
$ 87
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREAL1S.
191
XXXII. AUKCJIi S OBSERVED AT MONTMORENCI, FRANCE, AKRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
War
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790-1
1792
1793
1794
179.3
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800-2
1803
1804
1805
Total
Jan.
Fel
). Mir.
Apr.
May
June
.
1
1
2
•
1
1
3
3
2
1
1
4
1
1
.
1
1
3
.
1
I
! 3
2
2
1
5
! 1
.
1
1
i
! 4
1
1
1
1
1
3
•
3
2
.
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
L
1
1
1
3
1
.
1
1
1
1
1
8
1
3 26
18
14
6
July
1
1
1?
1
Aug.
11
Sept
1
3
1
3
2
3
1
2
4
Oct.
Nov.
2
•
1
.
•
•
.
t
1
2
1
,
2
2
1
3
4
1
Dec.
27
20 11
4
4
3
6
4
7
16
12
17
8
16
7
13
5
■2
8
11
8
5
2
2
1
4
3
1
2
1
o
5 I 175
XXXIII. AURORAS OBSERVED AT FRAXEKER, HOLLAND, ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Yeir
Jan.
Feb.
1771
_
1
1772
.
1
1773
l
.
1774
2
.
1775
8
3
177i-,
2
2
1777
1
2
1778
4
1
1779
2
4
178C
1
1781
•
Total
20
15
1
3
4
10
8
1
6
4
3
41
Apr.
2
2
1
7
2
5
■23
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Not.
2
l
•
1
2
2
5
2
.
l
2
.
3
7
1
5
.
2
5
2
3
3
3
2
.
6
.
1
1
1
1
7
2
1
3
l
.
3
3
5
4
1
3
1
1
3
2
.
1
4
2
3
1
16
•
8
:
2
1
13
6
15
30
30
14
10
14
23
34
39
21
36
22
27
4
1
231
192
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
XXXIV. AURORAS OBSERVED AT WITTEMBERG, GERMANY, ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Tear Jan.
Feb Mar.
Apr. May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Total
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1750
1751
1
1
i
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
a
i
S
<
[
l
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
i
3
1
2
•
1
1
2
1
3
1
2
1
1
2
1
•
1
1
1
s
1
]
4
9
5
3
3
9
6
8
1
4
5
11
8
1
1
1
3
2
6
1
Total 8
12 13
7
:
:
!
11
8
16
5
6
91
XXXV. AURORAS OBSERVED IN ITALY, ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Year
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
Uaj
June
July Aug.
Sept.
1
1
2*
2
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Total
1727
1728
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1741
1743
1744
1745
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1
2
.
1
L
2
8
1
6
1
1
1
2
1
'.
i
I
I
I
1
]
L
I
1
•j
I
1
2
1
i
i
>
I
I
2
L
2
1
1
1
1
]
i
12
10
11
2
4
1
1
3
6
10
3
4
3
1
1
2
3
1
3
6
1
Total
4
9
21
5
3
4 6
7
7
12
3
7
.s,s
ON XHE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
193
XXXVI. AURORAS OBSERVED IX NEWFOUNDLAND, ARRANGED BT TEARS AND MONTHS.
Jan.
Mar
Apr.
June
4
i
Oct.
3
Total
1
8
2
1
i
5
4
2
48
1850
1
6
6
l
3
3
8
G
G
'.i
3
52
[851
4
6
20
6
1 1
5
7
1
1
13
3
13
5
16
6
2
5
.51
ital
9
16
11
5
5
10
151
XXXVII. AURORAS OBSERVED AT QUEBEC, CANADA, ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Tear
:
~~ 8~~
Apr.
M.iy
June
July
1
Aug.
3
Sept.
Nov.
Dec.
Total
li
i
1
7
<;
3
52
LSI 'J
3
12
3
7
l
5
3
1
4
4
2
45
1850
2
3
3
l
3
G
G
7
5
5
3
44
1851
3
3
25
3
3
l
1
3
•
5
5
.
1
28
Total
14
. ;
7
10
13
10
19
21
13
7
169
XXXVIII. AURORAS OBSERVED AT LONDON, CANADA, ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Year
Jan.
Feb.
M tr. Apr.
May
June
July
An-
2
Sept.
2
Nov
Dec.
Total
1
5
4
1 7
2
l
3
33
1849
,
3
5 4
1
2
3
2
1
5
.
26
1850
i
3
3 5
3
.
3
2
5
a
.
.
30
1851
i
2
3
.
2
1
2
[
10 "
1
.
2
18
Total
7
12
12 16
6
5
10
8
13
3
5
107
XXXIX. AURORAS OBSERVED AT SPYDBERG, &c., NORWAY, ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Year Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
3
May
1
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
5
Nov. Dec.
Total
18
1
.
3
.
1
l
3
1785
1
.
3
.
1
.
.
3
1
.
3
12
173(3
.
3
6
1
.
.
,
1
8
5
.
24
1787
6
8
4
5
2
6
•
•
.
1
1
.5
4
.
.
27
81
Total
7
17
2
10
18
6 G
XL. AURORAS OBSERVED AT SAGAN, ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Year
Jan.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
1
Oct.
Nov.
— 3~
ii,., .
Total
1781
i
1
3
1
11
1782
3
,
,
1
2
.
7
1783
4
6
2
,
1
.
.
13
1781
2
.
4
.
1
1
8
1785
1
1
3
,
5
1786
1
5
IS
1
1
6
.
28
1787
1
4
■~>
1
2
2
'.)
5
2
33
a
2
G
,
1
4
7
7
5
1
42
1
5
4
1
3
1
4
G
32
1700
4
3
1
1
.
.
3
I
6
1
24
■">
2
1
1
l
,
2
2
1
15
17 2
3
•
3
4
2
8
i
.
8
G
39
2
1
22
Total
14
40
2
3
22
31
14
240
XII. AURORAS OBSERVED IN SCANDINAVIA, &c, ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Not.
12
Dec
3
Iota]
2l
.
.
.
,
.
.
.
8
17
G
7
.
,
,
.
1G
17
20
25
22
24
•_'!
11
.
.
,
4
12
24
15
13
1 i'.l
1810
1
.
7
■
.
.
■
.
•
■
8
38
11
4
28
49
17
41
VOL. X.
25
194
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
XLII.
AURORAS OBSERVED AT
MANNHEIM, GERMAN!
", ARRANGED
BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Year
Jan. | Feb Mar. )
Apr.
May
June
Jalj
Aug.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Total
1781
1
3
6
4
.
2
1.
2
2
3
i
1
26
1782
4
,
2
. 2
2
1
.
4
1
.
1783
1
2
7
5
.
1
1
.
.
2
20
1784
3
2
.
2
,
1
8
1785
.
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
13
1786
1
,
2
3
1
.
2
3
5
2
20
1787
4
1
7
5
1
1
3
3
5
3
5
39
1788
2
2
3
1
2
2
4
4
2
1
27
1789
1
2
3
1
1
.
.
1
.
.
10
1790
2
1
2
6
1
.
1
1
3
1
18
1791
2
,
1
1
1
.
1
2
1
.
1
10
1792
•
2
2
1
.
m
.
4
•
•
9
216
Total
18
12 33
32
13
8
12
16
28
18
16
10
XLfll. AURORAS OBSERVED AT COPENHAGEN, DENMARK, ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Year
T782
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
i
May June
J» • Aug. 94
... i
Nov.
Dec.
Total
5
i
.
11
1783
.
1
2
.
2
1
11
1784
1
.
.
1
1
3
1785
.
.
.
1
2'
1786
I
3
1
1
1
1
9
17*7
2
3
3
.
1
10
1788
1
.
1
1
•
.
.
.
2
Total
5
9
12
3
1
4
5
2
2
48
XLIV. AURORAS OBSERVED IN HOLLAND. ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
1 A P r -
1 103
M.'i_\
June | July
Aug.
64
Oct
Nov.
47^~
Dec.
Total.
Total
19
47
92
110
34 37
.59
74
:si
750
XLV. AURORAS OBSERVED AT RATISBON, GERMANY. ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Year. | Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
1
Apr.
May.
1
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct. Nov.
Dec.
Ti.tal
1781
1
1
3
8
1782
.
.
1
3
1783
.
.
,
2
1?
8
1784
.
.
1?
1?
1
3
1786
.
.
1
3
4
1787
.
.
2
1
,
6
2
14
1788
,
1
•
2
1
f,
1789
.
.
2
3
6
1790
,
.
1
1
1791
•
1
•
•
~~7 ~
.
1
Total
1
3
9
9
6
2
4
2
8 3
54
XLVL AURORAS OBSERVED AT PRAGUE, AUSTRIA, ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Year.
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
.May. June.
July.
Aug..
Sept. Oet.
Nov.
Dec.
Total.
1782
i
2
1
. .
1783
.
1
4
2
2
12
1784
i
.
.
.
1
1
4
1786
i
.
2
2
1
1
8
1787
2
2
.
.
1
1
,
2
13
1790
1
.
,
2
.
1
4
1791
•
•
.
.
~2~
_ 3 _
.
1
Total
6 4
4
6 6
1
4
3
47
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
195
GENERAL CATALOGUE OF AURORAS ARRANGED BY YEARS AND MONTHS.
Tear Jan. Feb.
BEKOR
1309
1309
1325
1351
1352
1353
1354
1361
1375
1399
1437
1146
14(51
1465
1499
1514
1518
1520
1.3-27
1529
1.331?
153U?
1.334
1535
1536
1537
1538?
1541
1543
1545
1.346
1.317
1548
13 Li
1.351
13.34
1.3.35
1.3.3 6
1557
1560
15r,l
1562
1563
1564
1565
1567
1563
10
Mar. Apr.
l
2
May
July
Aug. Sept.
Nov. i Dec.
13
168
2
2
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
3
2
2
2
2
2
4
1
2
5
1
2
3
* The total number of the year sometimes exceeds the sum of those placed in the monthly columns because auroras were observed
when the month was not mentioned, but the year only.
196
0.\ THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREAUS.
GENERAL CATALOGUE OF AURORAS. Com
Tear
1569
1071
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1580
1581
1584
1585
1586
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1596
1599
1600
1602
1603
1 605
1606
1607
1608
1G09
1612
1614
1 6 1 5
1621
1622
1 623
1024
1G25
1626
1627
1628
1029
1630
1032
1033
1G34
1037
1638
1040
Jan.
Apr.
'
June | July j Aug.
i
Oct.
Not.
l
5
2
9
1
'.)
8
1
2
1
5
1
3
1
1
7
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
5
2
7
3
4
2
7
14
4
1
3
3
1
1
1
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
197
GENERAL CATALOGUE OF AURORAS. Continued.
Year
1643
1644
1645
1646
1650
1654
1G55
1657
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1671
167-2
1676
1677
1680
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1 687
1690
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1 697
1698
1699
1701
1702
1703
1704
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1714
1710
1717
Apr. May June July Aug. | Sept
6?
Oct.
Die.
1?
2
1
Total
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
4
1
3
3
2
2
4
4
1
9
40
1
1
6
1
1
16
4
3
3
1
1
13
17
19S
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
GENERAL CATALOGUE OF AURORAS. Conlimud.
Fear
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Not.
i
Total
1718
2
G
1
2
l
1
4
4
2
6
29
1719
3
5
4
.
3
5
10
6
36
1720
4
6
2
1
•
1
2
1
6
6
20
1721
3
5
3
.
.
4
5
3
,
23
17 22
8
7
5
1
i
,
9
12
7
5
56
1723
6
1
9
5
.
1
.
1
4
2
29
1724
4
2
3
1
5
3
2
3
4
20
1725
5
5
1
3
.
5
7
1
5
33
172G
2
1
9
2
.
3
10
G
14
47
1727
7
6
14
4
5
9
15
15
12
88
1728
6
10
11
7
3
2
5
7
12
21
1 I
9
110
1720
9
10
7
7
8
2
1
1
8
8
G
4
71
1730
5
9
15
10
4
1
5
6
17
18
20
9
110
1731
3
3
7
3
2
.
.
7
9
13
9
11
G7
1732
13
14
18
14
3
2
3
5
14
20
14
7
127
1733
3
3
6
4
5
3
5
3
8
5
G
51
1734
5
9
10
5
12
1
4
5
16
20
5
3
05
17;;.-,
3
5
9
9
5
9
7
5
7
59
173G
2
9
3
3
1
2
5
12
18
9
11
75
1737
18
8
7
8
2
,
5
8
6
G
7
75
1738
1
3
4
2
.
1
2
2
3
5
10
33
1730
5
6
15
8
1
7
13
7
8
3
7G
1740
7
5
10
1
1
3
5
7
4
3
47
1741
9
10
13
11
2
11
11
19
9
10
105
1742
3
8
12
10
,
8
10
12
4
8
76
1743
5
5
11
8
1
5
7
8
6
3
60
1744
1
2
G
2
4
2
2
1
9
29
1745
6
8
,
.
1
.
2
3
■>
5
27
1746
7
12
9
1
2
1
1
G
14
10
6
69
1747
8
5
9
5
1
3
4
2
1
10 •
49
1748
8
9
10
4
2
6
9
4
2
9
<;;,
1740
2
9
11
12
1
1
1
6
6
3
3
58
1750
4
8
7
5
2
7
4
2
5
4
51
1751
2
5
1
1
1
5
5
4
8
34
1752
9
5
11
3
1
5
3
9
5
5
56
175:;
3
10
8
2
6
.
1
5
35
1754
1
2
5
2
.
1
3
3
1
18
175."!
1
3
.
.
1
3
2
1
11
175G
2
1
2
.
,
7
3
.
15
1757
1
1
.
1
4
.
2
.
9
1758
1
3
1
i
.
.
.
.
10
1750
6
5
3
5
13
3
9
12
56
17C0
6
9
G
12
i
5
1
9
8
4
62
17G1
9
11
6
8
i
6
7
3
5
2
58
17G2
2
2
3
4
3
5
3
2
5
10
30
17G3
.
1
4
2
1
2
1
2
2
15
17G4
2
6
2
2
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
25
1765
1
2
4
1
2
3
1
1
1
1
17
1766
•
.
.
.
1
1
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
199
GENERAL CATALOGUE OF AURORAS. Continued.
Year
Jan.
Feb
2
i Mar.
Apr.
May
Jun
e July
All;
;. Sept.
Oct.
Not.
Dec. | Total
17-67
.
, .
2
1
2
i
.
.
]
[ 9
1768
2
2
,
1
2
1
3
2
:
3 16
1769
1
2
i
1
.
i.
4
1
3
9
4
;
5 32
1770
•2
8
7
7
2
4
£
3
1
3
i
J 44
1771
5
7
9
4
7
2
2
£
6
8
7
;
5 65
177-2
5 1
6
10
9
.
2
4
1
5
10
4
;
3 59
1773
13 ■
6
12
7
8
€
4
S
9
11
7
;
5 89
1774
3
2
it;
9
11
C
8
12
13
11
6
<
t 101
1775
13
8
n
10
3
3
2
8
3
1
I 63
1770
3
1
4
4
4
2
1
1
13
4
1
■
I 39
1777
3
7
12
9
(i
1
1
(
, S
7
8
l
I 79
1778
7
8
12
10
2
£
4
c
1G
8
2
li
) 87
1779
7
14
9
16
15
C
4
11
14
10
11
3 122
1780
,
5
5
3
1
a
5
2
9
6
13
3 58
1781
10
4
10
12
(i
7
o
O
li
li
8
7
i
3 98
1782
7
7
10
8
12
£
4
fc
13
11
3
t
I 90
17 S3
_
5
6
16
17
12
4
3
7
3
8
6
;
3 90
1784
6
3
10
7
4
£
5
<
6
6
2
3 66
1 785
5
7
5
9
4
4
£
11
8
6
I
3 75
1786
5
7
20
21
20
(
14
12
17
19
16
r
r 174
1787
23
18
18
18
14
13
11
£
12
19
16
i;
I 182
1788
12
11
12
17
17
7
9
IS
18
20
14
l
I 163
1789
7
8
14
14
11
12
15
IS
17
13
19
i<
1 159
1790
10
12
14
15
13
6
4
a
8
11
17
120
1791
10
4
9
9
5
3
6
a
4
12
10
f
3 83
1792
7
8
11
7
10
2
4
£
5
11
5
(
5 81
1793
4
3
3
1
a
2
1
1
22
1794
2
3
1
i
> 10
1795
•
2
3
7
1796
1
1
2
1797
1
5
1
,
.
4
14
1798
1
1
.
.
.
2
1799
1
2
1
1
1
6
L800
.
.
.
2
3
1801
2
1
.
4
[ 8
1802
1
1
3
1
1
2
13
1803
1
2
i
O
o
1
10
1804
■
1
2
1
2
3
12
1 805
2
1
1
2
i
4
3
6
22
1806
1
1
1
l
1
2
1
10
1807
1
2
5
1808
,
.
2
3
1809
1
.
1
.
3
1 8 1
1
1
1811
,
4
1812
.
1813
'.
.
1814
1
3
.
2
7
1 s i r.
•
3
•
3
200
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA EOREALIS.
GENERAL CATALOGUE OF AURORAS.
V :r
Jan. '
Feb.
Mar
May
June 1
July
Oct.
Dec.
Tota
L816
.
1
.
.
4
1817
G
6
3
1
2
1
.
.
21
1818
1
,
3
5
8
7
.
.
21
1819
2
2
1
2
11
11
8
37
1820
8
9
15
15
8
2
3
6
.8
28 i
103
1821
16
23
24
1G
-
3
.
.
6
11
110
1822
5
2
3
1
.
.
1
4
1
17
1
1
1
1
1
.
5
1824
1
,
2
3
■
5
8
20
10
9
5
2
6
.".
4
5
2
48
1826
7
G
12
5
2
t
5
8
4
53
1827
8
8
2
2
7
c
7
6
12
58
;
4
.
2
o
9
12
5
12
1829
■s
1
7
1
7
4
6
14
8
10
71
5
5
6
7
-
7
5
13
18
1G
10
14
118
1831
10
G
17
4
7
12
5
3
;;
1
2
79
-
3
1
2
5
£
4
.
4
5
4
6
1
38
1833
2
3
4
3
4
3
3
4
11
8
15
16
79
1834
28
15
22
23
I
i j
2
3
3
11
20
28
158
1835
20
14
12
1
2
1
2
7
2
1
3
68
1836
3
1
i
» 10
10
14
4
7
9
1
71
1 i ;7
6
G
8
:
» 1
7
8
1G
11
16
10
100
L838
•20
13
12
7
I
1 3
5
.4
19
19
21
25
152
1 139
23
27
20
I:
• 3
3
10
1
26
19
17
184-0
12
13
19
11
<
) G
5
12
10
12
12
15
136
I'M
13
17
14
12
'
10
15
13
20
■21
25
172
1842
20
21
18
7
9
i
20
1G
20
18
177
1 8 i:i
19
17
19
14
j
i 8
8
4
19
15
22
17
170
1844
25
17
18
) 3
1
8
1C
17
22
1
174
1845
20
17
2!
10
t
7
9
15
16
13
15
155
1846
17
14
14
11
1
1
7
19
17
20
15
14
165
'
20
7
17
14
} 2
•".
8
12
20
20
15
141
IMS
19
18
1
1 7
14
14
12
23
27
216
1849
20
23
23
1
17
15
11
18
22
17
20
221
L850
19
18
24
14
3 8
11
15
17
19
G
18
177
1851
15
17
7
8
3 3
i
7
16
14
7
12
122
10
10
13
!
2 G'
10
5
10
11
18
138
is;.:;
14
8
14
1
1 7
9
7
11
3
11
9
113
1854
• 9
11
10
7
2
8
3
12
5
6
5
87
i
5
5
6
5
■j
4
4
9-
8
4
2
2
•J
1
3
3
2
4
2
3
27
l-".;
2
2
.
8
1
7
10
33
6
14
17
9
2
2
4
5
11
6
16
92
9
9
6
9
1
1
4
9
11
4
-
71
5
G
14
G
1 2
■ >
•J
16
8
5
4
5
7"<
1861
G,
7
13
3
1
.
3
2
4
2
G
47
1862
o
O
4
4
1
1
1
7
10
9
2
4
46
3
7
3
7
-
1
4
C
3
.
3.3
18G4
.
.
.
.
1
.
1
1
•
1
4
Total
932
i 1168
49
7 315
363
| 630
; 1015
1110
964
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
201
XL, VII. NUMBER OF AURORAS OBSERVED EACII MONTH IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE.
VOL. X,
202
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
XLIX. TIMES OF MAXIMA AND MINIMA ARRANGED GEOGRAPHICALLY.
Place.
Max.
Mill.
Max.
Min. ! Number.
Years.
Authority.
Fort Reliance,
Jakobshavn,
Gothaab,
Newfoundland,
Quebec,
London, Canada,
St. Martin,
Toronto,
Burlington,
Newberry,
Salem,
Providence,
Boston,
Cambridge,
"Worcester,
New Haven,
New York State,
Wilmington,
?
?
V
Feb.
Feb.
April
?
April
p
Feb.
March ?
Feb.
?
March
March
March
April
p '
?
?
?
June
May
June
June
June
?
June
June
June
?
June
June
June
June
?
p
?
?
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Sept. ?
Oct.
?
Sept.
Oct. ?
Sept. ?
?
Sept.
Sept.
Sept
Sept.
?
7
?
?
?
Jan.
?
Nov. ?
Jan.
?
Dec
Dec.
Dec.
?
Dee.?
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
?
196
185
430
151
169
107
89
389
74
218
198
160
36
706
212
813
1205
53
1833-1835
1840-1851
1841-1846
1849-1851
1848-1851
1848-1851
1853-1854
1848-1 851
1852-1853
1830-1862
17*0-1820
1832-1860
1818-1848
1742-1864
1839-1862
1763-1854
1826-1*51
1827-1833
Hough.
Rudolph.
Block.
Lefroy.
Lefroy.
Lefroy.
Smallwood.
Lefroy.
Thompson.
Johnson.
Holyoke.
Caswell.
Hale.
Lovering, &c.
Woodward, &c.
Herrick, iVc.
Hough.
Gibbon.
L. TIMES OF MAXIMA AND MINIMA ARRANGED GEOGRAPHICALLY.
Place.
Max.
Min.
Max. Min. Number.
Years. Authority.
Scandinavia,
Abo, &c,
Helsingfors,
Spydberg,
Hammerfest,
Christiania,
Stockholm,
St. Petersburg,
Upsal,
Dunse,
Makerstoun,
Copenhagen,
Kendall, &c.
G. Britain,
Berlin,
Leyden, Utrecht, &c
Franeker,
Jena,
Mannheim,
Sagan,
Brussels,
Plymouth,
Prague,
Carlsruhe,
Ratisbon,
Paris,
Montmorenci,
Wittemberg,
Italy,
?
March
March
March
?
March
April
March
March
?
March
April
April
March
March
May
March
March
April
May
March
V
April
April ?
March
March
March
March
p
June
June
June ?
?
June
June ?
June
June
June
June ?
June
July
July
June
June
June
June
June
June
Aug.
June
June
June
July
June
June
1 June
May
?
Sept.
Sept
Oct.
?
Sept
Sept.
Oct.
Oct.
Sept.
Oct.
Oct.
Nov.
Sept
Oct.
Oct.
Sept. ?
Oct.
Sept.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Oct.
Aug.?
Oct.
Sept.
Sept.
Oct.
Oct.
?
Dec.
Jan.
V
?
Jan.
Dec.
Jan.
Jan.
p
Dec.
Jan.
Dec.
Jan. ?
Dec.
Dec.
Nov.
Jan.
Dec.
Dec.
Jan.
Jan.
Dec.
Jan.
Dec.
Dec?
Dec.
?
?
288
682
30
81
91
534
341
1086
1018
238
184
48
250
185
331
750
231
84
21G
240
231
120
47
87
54
108
168
91
88
1837-1840
1718-1843
1832-1837
1784-1787
1850-1861
1837-1853
1783-1792
1726-1861
1716-1762
1838-1847
1843-1849
1782-1788
1786-1793
1794-1834
1707-1789
1716-1744
1771-1781
1770-1796
1781-1792
1781-1792
1778-1851
1728-1748
1782-1791
1779-1831
1781-1791
1784-1842
1771-1805
1730-1751
1727-1751
Lottin, &c,
Hallstrom,
Argelander,
Wilse,
Noodt,
Hansteen,
Nicander,
Kraft, Euler, &c.
C( lsius, &c,
Stevenson,
Broun,
Bugge,
Dalton,
Dalton,
Kirch, Beguelin,
Musschenbroek,
Van Swinden,
Zeissing, Succow,
Hemmer,
Preus,
Mann, Quetelet,
Huxham,
Strnad,
Eisenlohr,
Heinrich,
Cassini, Bouvard,
Cotte,
Weidler,
Beccari, Zanotti,
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
203
LI.
COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT PLACES FOR THE
SAME EPOCH.
1786-1820.
Jan.
Feb.
March.
April.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Total.
Salem,
9
14
18
17
15
15
30
17
21
22
12
8
198
Cambridge,
2
5
15
10
9
4
13
12
12
13
6
3
104
New Haven,
3
5
14
7
15
11
16
11
13
6
5
4
110
St. Petersburg,
1
8
20
14
2
1
9
14
19
6
3
97
G. Britain,
25
29
34
38
22
5
2
21
34
45
46
16
317
Brussels,
4
7
12
12
28
15
17
8
6
9
3
7
128
Paris,
3
4
11
4
14
4
6
10
9
7
5
4
81
Montmorenci,
2
1
4
7
6
3
5
4
4
5
3
44
1742-1779.
Jan.
Feb.
March.
April.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
No v.
Dec.
Total.
31
Cambridge,
14
24
25
20
n
21
28
32
15
21
12
254
St. Petersburg,
36
49
72
77
17
3
2
19
49
51
39
36
450
1742-1793.
Jan.
Feb.
March.
April.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Total.
Cambridge,
17
31
46
33
24
26
44
40
49
32
31
17
390
St. Petersburg,
41
60
104
110
32
3
2
33
80
87
50
47
04'.)
1742 - 1864.
Jan.
Feb.
March.
April.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Total.
Cambridge,
36
58
83
72
45
36
73
60
94
65
48
36
706
LII. NUMBER OF AURORAS
ON EACH DAY OF THE YEAR.
Day.
Jan.
Feb.
March.
April.
May.
Juue.
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Not.
Dec.
Total.
1
34
29
36
33
28
12
13
14
28
38
30
30
325
2
32
35
42
42
29
14
13
18
25
39
38
36
303
3
35
34
34
36
16
12
15
17
29
45
32
31
336
4
28
33
35
38
23
11
12
19
26
37
33
35
330
5
25
24
38
30
19
14
15
8
31
37
32
34
307
6
32
34
39
37
19
13
7
17
34
35
35
34
336
7
22
36
29
40
21
15
18
9
33
38
34
41
336
8
33
27
34
30
15
9
10
10
33
44
32
37
314
9
34
36
40
38
16
12
14
11
36-
39
34
27
337
10
29
37
36
36
15
15
14
20
42
31
30
37
342
11
34
41
33
36
15
8
13
18
30
28
35
25
316
12
37
35
42
44
19
13
18
19
38
38
34
33
370
13
42
30
42
34
19
12
13
16
40
33
43
40
864
14
28
32
46
41
21
13
8
26
30
39
40
35
359
15
26
36
42
40
13
11
11
17
43
36
37
41
353
1G
28
42
48
35
17
12
11
20
30
36
32
34
345
17
39
38
43
32
23
11
8
26
43
35
41
41
380
18
32
44
44
36
15
8
10
16
37
35
42
42
361
19
30
36
43
35
11
9
12
25
40
40
43
38
362
20
34
36
42
37
17
8
13
21
37
39
31
37
352
21
32
35
35
28
12
7
10
32
33
36
33
29
322
22
29
43
36
23
18
8
7
32
44
41
31
36
348
23
30
40
33
24
18
4
12
24
38
42
33
29
327
24
28
37
30
30
14
9
12
22
52
38
28
26
326
25
30
26
40
19
10
9
14
25
41
33
29
27
303
26
24
40
46
19
11
10
7
26
39
35
30
33
320
27
35
42
37
25
10
9
16
27
41
43
33
25
343
28
35
38
43
16
12
12
15
25
38
36
29
35
334
29
33
7
44
19
15
10
13
35
32
40
29
30
307
30
33
45
23
16
11
8
31
41
30
24
35
297
31
28
38
14
16
32
38
35
201
Total,
971
1003
1215
956
521
321
378
658
1084
1154
1007
1048
10316
Note. — This table includes some auroras to he published in a supplement.
204 OX THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
The foregoing catalogue of auroras may be employed in the discussion : I. of the
daily periodicity ; II. of the yearly periodicity ; and III. of the secular periodicity of the
aurora.
I. The record in most cases is silent as to the hour of the day at which the auroral
display reached its height. I have not mentioned it even when it is known, as I had
in view the yearly and secular periodicities, especially the last. Olmsted l says that the
maximum of brilliancy arrives between 10 and 11 o'clock, p. m, and that inferior exhi-
bitions terminate before midnight. Quetelet 2 agrees with him that none occur in the
morning. Bravais recognized the same law as holding good within the polar circle,
where daylight cannot interfere with the visibility of the aurora. 3 Broun has pub-
lished a table of the number of auroras observed at Makerstoun during the different
hours of the night, for each month separately, and also for the whole year. The maxi-
mum hour is about 9 o'clock p. m. at all seasons, irrespective therefore of twilight. 4 On
the other hand, the remark of Simpson, on page 124 of this memoir, is deserving of
notice.
II. Mairan deduced from his catalogue of 1441 auroras that the numbers of those
which appeared when the earth was in perihelion and aphelion were to each other in
the ratio of 7 to IoVtj or °f ^ t° %~s%%> or 0I> 9 to 4|2 1, according as the perihelion and
aphelion comprised each a period of two months, four months, or six months. The
number of auroras seen when the earth was in the ascending node of the sun's equator
is to the number seen when the earth was in the descending node as 9 to 2 : each node
embracing a period of two months. More even had been observed when the earth was
at the ascending node of the sun's equator than when it was in perihelion, in the ratio
of 7 to §3%\. The number at the descending node was to the number at the aphe-
lion as 9 to S^y. Then, again, Mairan divides the orbit of the earth into two parts by
the line of apsides, and he finds the number of auroras in that part which contains the
ascending signs and the number of those in the other half in the ratio of 9 to 7f£f. The
numbers at the two equinoxes are almost the same, if each equinox is made to embrace
two months. The number of auroras is also nearly the same in the neighborhood of those
two places of the earth's orbit which are characterized by being 90° from the nodes of
the sun's equator. All these various comparisons were made by Mairan in order to
sustain his theory of the cosmical origin of the aurora, and of its dependence on the
sun's atmosphere. Mairan did not eompare directly the equinoxes with the solstices, in
1 Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, VIII. 34. 2 Annales de 1'Observ. Roj-ale de Brux. XI. 42.
8 Thompson's Meteorology, p. 362. Observ. Magnet. Comm. Nord. 4 Edinburgh Philosophical Transactions, XIX. Pt. 2.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS. 205
■
regard to the frequency of the aurora, although Hansteen \ Kaemtz 2 , and at one time
Broun 3 , seem to imply that he did; nor would such a comparison have affected the
fate of his theory. As early as 1736, Kraft 4 concluded from 141 auroras, observed at
St. Petersburg, that the phenomenon occurred more frequently at the equinoxes than
at the solstices. Since that time the evidence has accumulated so as to place this con-
clusion beyond doubt, and to show, also, that the summer minimum is the principal one. 5
The difference between the summer and winter minima is attributable in part to the
short nights and long twilights of summer, as contrasted with the long nights and short
twilights of winter. But Muncke calculated that the aurora is a little more frequent
in winter than in summer, even after allowing for the interference of daylight with the
visibility of the phenomenon. 6 On the other hand, if the effect of sunlight in obliterat-
ing the aurora is eliminated, the contrast between the maxima of spring and autumn
and the minimum of winter will stand out even bolder than it now does.
It is not surprising that some observers, especially in high latitudes, have found the
aurora Wholly wanting in summer, particularly in June and July. 7 Fortunately for sci-
ence, an aurora can he fell, by its influence on the magnetic needle, even when its pres-
ence is invisible. It appears, as might have been expected, that the comparative
frequency of the auroras actually seen at different seasons of the year varies considerably
with the latitude of the observer. I have given for each place, where a series of obser-
vations has been made, a table in which the auroras are arranged according to the
months of the year ; and the aggregates of the different months may also be expressed
by a yearly curve. Moreover, all the observations, without regard to geographical
locality, have been collected into a similar table, and represented by a similar curve.
By comparing the general numbers and curve with the numbers and curve which refer
to any particular place on the earth, whatever is local in the phenomenon will manifest
itself. In the general curve, the spring maximum occurs in March. But in Dunse, N.
Britain, the maximum appears as early as January, while at Utrecht it is as late as
May. The summer minimum is found on the general curve in June, while on the
yearly curve drawn for some parts of the earth it comes as early as May or as late as
August. The autumn maximum stands, on the average of all the observations for the
i Mem. do l'Acad. Belgique, XX. 117. 2 Course of Meteorology, p. 458.
a Edinburgh Phil. Trans., XIX. Pt. 2, p. LXXXI. i Coram. Acad. Scient. Impcr. Petropol. IX. 340.
6 Sur la Physique du Globe, par Quetelet, pp. 121-23. 6 Gehler. Physikalisches Worterbuch. VII. 148.
7 Hansteen remarks that the aurora is less frequent at the winter solstice than at the equinoxes, although the winter nights are
longer and more favorable for observations. At the summer solstice the twilight is so bright at Christiania that a book may be read
at midnight. This light obliterates the fainter light of the aurora ; but the presence of the latter is felt in tho magnetic disturb-
ances. — Nouv. Mem. de l'Acad. Brux. XX. 117.
206 ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
whole earth, in October, though the time varies all the way from August to November
at different places. The winter minimium is fixed by the whole mass of observations
in December, but this also oscillates between November and January according to the
locality.
Table XLVII. contains the principal series of observations upon the aurora which
have been made in the United States of America, in Canada, and in Greenland ; the
next contains similar series of observations made in Europe. It will be understood
that in both cases the monthly aggregates express not the number of auroras, but the
number of observations, the same aurora being frequently seen at more than a single
place. The monthly maxima and minima in both tables fall upon the same montliSj
with the exception of the autumn maximum, which for the Eastern Continent is in Sep-
tember, and for the Western Continent in October.
In Tables XL1X. and L. the mean epochs of the monthly maxima and minima of the
year are arranged in the order of the geographical latitudes, on each continent
separately. These tables do not exhibit any connection between the changes in the
times of the maxima and minima and the position of the observer. I may add that
the limits within which the times of maxima and minima fluctuate, in passing from one
station to another on the earth's surface, would be even wider apart than I have placed
them, had I not excluded from the discussion special localities, where, from the extreme
influence of twilight, the poverty of the observations, the short period of time which
they cover, or the unfavorable attitude of the epoch in relation to the secular changes
in the phenomenon, the diurnal curve had lost all its ordinary characteristics. These
remarks apply to the observations made at St. Martin, Burlington, Boston, Cambridge,
Salem, Wilmington, Dunse, and Brussels. The yearly curve for Salem has its principal
maximum in July, and two other maxima in March and October; and its lowest min-
imum in December, with another, less conspicuous, in May and June. Some of the
auroras observed at Salem in July are characterized as extraordinary. I have selected,
in Table LI., from the auroras seen at New Haven those which belong to the period of
time embraced by Dr. Holyoke's observations, and I find in them a principal maximum
in July, with other irregularities as great as those noticed in the Salem observations,
though not exactly corresponding to them. Of the ninety-seven auroras seen at St.
Petersburg in the years 1786 to 1820 inclusive, the maxima fall, as usual, into the
months of March and October, and the minima into the months of January
and June. Only one aurora was seen in July at St. Petersburg, but thirty were
observed in Salem. Dalton's two catalogues of auroras for Kendal, Keswick, and
Great Britain refer to places not extremely different in latitude from Salem, and
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS. 207
to nearly the same period of years, but they do not exhibit the anomalies which are
so prominent in the Salem curve. The Brussels catalogue shows a large number
for July, and is otherwise irregular. A sufficient number of observations was not ob-
tained at Montmorenci and Paris, during the interval of time under consideration, to
warrant an argument from them.
The yearly curve for Cambridge is also singular. According to the mean values
of all the observations, the ordinary maxima occur in March and September, and the
minima in June and December or January. But the number of auroras observed in
July is unusually large ; and if we take Winthrop's observations, amounting to two
hundred and fifty-four auroras, by themselves, the principal maximum is in July, with
inferior maxima in March and September, and minima in May and January. Tbe
yearly curve for this period, between tbe years 1742 and 1779 inclusive, resembles the
Salem curve, though the latter refers to different years. The number of auroras ob-
served at New Haven between the years 1763 and 1864 is as great for July as for the
spring maximum. The observations made at St. Petersburg, between the years 1742
and 1779 inclusive, come to their maxima in April and October, and to their minima in
July and January. The whole number of auroras is four hundred and fifty, of which
only two were in July ; whereas, out of two hundred and fifty-four auroras observed by
Winthrop, thirty-one were in July. If we acid Wigglesworth's observations to those of
Winthrop, so as to extend the period under consideration to the year 1793 inclusive, we
shall reach the same general conclusion. A comparison of the Cambridge curve with
those of Berlin, Jena, Paris, and Montmorenci, as well as with those of St. Petersburg
and Upsal, proves clearly that the differences above indicated cannot be wholly explained
by inequalities in the length of daylight and twilight. The yearly curves for Boston,
Wilmington, and Brussels are also remarkable, but they are based on scanty observations,
and the peculiarities may be only accidental. The Brussels curve, drawn in accordance
with the ancient observations, differs considerably from that which would represent Que-
telet's observations at the same place. At Hammerfest, Jakobshavn, Gothaab, Fort Re-
liance, and in Scandinavia the winter minimum and the spring and autumn maxima are
almost obliterated by the great changes in the length of clay and night in different parts
of the year.
In different places the ratio of the maxima and minima numbers varies greatly.
In the general table the spring maximum is five per cent, larger than the autumn
maximum, and the December minimum is nearly three times larger than the June mini-
mum, and twenty per cent, smaller than the spring maximum. In particular places,
where the June minimum is zero, the ratio between maximum, and minimum becomes
208 ON THE PERIODICITV OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
infinite. The yearly curves indicate the relative changes from month to month, but
the absolute values for one place as compared with those found elsewhere do not
appear, unless allowance is made for the differences of scale adopted in their con-
struction.
An annual curve, drawn through only twelve points, representing the monthly
means, can show simply the months in which the maxima and minima occur, but not the
flays. To see whether the occurrence of the aurora is in any way associated with
shooting stars, which appear in unusual abundance on certain days of the year, or with
the fall of meteorites, or with any other phenomena, meteorological or cosmical, I have
assigned to each day of the year the number of auroras observed upon it, and placed
the result in table LI I. If these results are projected in a curve, presenting in its
Alpine summits and the corresponding valleys the principal maxima and minima
in the annual march of auroral displays, there is also seen represented in its uneven
flow and its many jagged roughnesses the influence of daylight, of weather, of climate,
and of a great variety of accidental disturbances. The principal maxima are reached
on March 16 and September 24, and the minima on January 7 and June 23. From a
catalogue of about 5500 auroras, compiled by Wolf, 1 he deduces the times of maxima
as March 20 and October 15, and the times of minima as June 22 and December 25.
These maxima and minima do not appear to stand in any relation to those periods of
the year which Biot considers as signalized by displays of meteors, viz., July 25-30,
August 7-12, October 24-27, November 13-16. 2
The observations justify the assumption that the number of auroras at any particular
season, or the ordinate of the yearly curve of auroral frequency, is a function of the
tropical year. It may, therefore, like any other periodic function, be expressed by a
series of terms arranged according to the sines and cosines of the time and its integral
multiples. If it is supposed that
< = the time expressed in parts of a year as its unit,
N= the ordinate of the diurnal curve for the time (t),
« = the ratio of the circumference to the diameter of a circle,
x = any integer whatever ;
and if £ denote the sum of the terms which correspond to the different values of (z),
the general form of the ecpuation is
1. N— A + S. C x sin. 2 n x (t + c x ).
l Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforsch. Gescllschaft in Zurich, II. 371. 2 Pogg. Ann. der Physik und Chemie, LXVI. 476, 7.
OX THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS. 209
The values of the constants A, C z and c z are easily ohtained. Let
< = the time of observation counted from January 1, in parts of a year as the unit,
= the number of observed auroras corresponding to this time ;
if -S' = represents the sum of all the values of N which correspond to the different
values of /, the following equations will be found :
2. m A = S X, , in which m represents the number of interval.--, that is, the number of months in the year.
3. m C x cos 2 7t xc x = 2 S N, sin. 2 n x t.
4. m C x sin. 2 n x c x = 2 S Nt cos. 2 n x t.
For,
5. N = A -f S C x sin. 2 n x (t + c x ).
= ^ + 5 ( C x sin. 2 n x t cos. 2 n x c x -f- cos. 2 n x t sin. 2nx c x ). Hence,
S X t = m A,
because the sum of the values of sin. 2 ti x t and cos. 2 ti x t, on account of their differ-
ent signs plus or minus, equals zero.
Multiplying each side of equation (5) by sin. 2 ti x t,
6. Xsin. 2 n x t— A sin. 2 n x t -4- 5 C x sin. (2 7r x <) 2 cos. 2;tx c^-|-,S C x sin. 2 » a; < cos. 2 n ar < sin. 2 « x c„
The average value of the first and last terms on the right is zero, since the average-
value of the sine itself is zero. The second term is always plus, because it is the
square of the sine.
Sin. 2 n x t sin. 2 n x t = — \ [cos. (2 n x I -\-2 n x t) — cos. (2 n x I — 2 n x <)]. = — \ cos. \n x t-\-\.
The first term — £ cos. in xt averages zero for all the different values of (J). There
remains the factor i for each value of t. Hence,
3. S N t • sin. 2 n x t = „ C x cos. 2 n x c*.
Multiplying each side of equation (5) by cos. 2 ti x t and reducing as before,
4. S Nt cos. 2 7t x t= ^ C' x sin. 2 n x c^
The values of c z are found by dividing equation (4) by equation (3).
S X: COB. 2 71 X t
7. tang. 2 ti x c x = —— .
.S N t sin. 2 7i x t
VOL. X. 27
210 ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
2V cos. + 2^ cos. x 30° + N 2 cos. x GO + 2V 3 cos. x 90° -f ZV 4 cos. x 120° &c.
= y o sin. 4- •# i sin. x 30° + 2V, cos. x 60° + N t cos. a; 90° + & t cos. a; 120° &c/
Multiplying equation (3) by cos. 2 it x c x and equation (4) by sin. 1 n x c z and then
adding them,
8. m C x = 2 cos. 2 7T x c x S 2i, sin. 2 tt a; t -4- 2 sin. 2 n x c x S N, cos. 2 n x t,
from which the values of C x may be obtained.
If the series is supposed to converge so rapidly that the first four terms will give the
number of auroras to a sufficiently close approximation, comparable with the accuracy
of observation, the general formula becomes
9. N= A + d sin. 2 n (t -\- <^) + O a sin. 4s(( + f2 )+ C 8 sin. 6 a (t + c 3 ).
By this general formula I have calculated the mean annual curve (in this case alone
carrying the computation to the seventh term), and also the particular curve for those
places where a sufficient number of auroras had been observed to encourage such an
undertaking. The number of auroras for each month has then been computed by the
formula and that number compared with the number actually observed, and from the
square of the differences the mean probable error has been obtained by the following
formula :
; SA 2
10. e:
I SA 2
I = ,674 y m — 1.
If we differentiate equation (9), and make the differential equal to zero, we shall have
an equation from which the days of maxima and minima of auroral display during the
year may be computed.
11. dcos. 2 n{t-\- Cl ) +2 (7 2 cos. 4 n (t + c„) -\- 3 C 3 cos 6 n (t-\-c s ) = 0.
The direct calculation of (t) from this equation would be difficult. Knowing from
the observations themselves nearly at what times these maxima and minima occur, by
substituting empirical values for (t) we arrive by this tentative process to the required
result : viz., the precise times and the values of the maxima and minima. In all the pre-
ceding computations, whatever the number of auroras actually observed in the different
months, they have been reduced to what they would have been if exactly one hundred
auroras had been seen during the year, so that in each curve the value of A is 8.33+.
OX THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
211
FORMULiE FOR THE MEAN ANNUAL CURVE, AT DIFFERENT PLACES.
Jakobsliavn,
27=
:8.33-f 10.40 sin.
Gotbaab,
W=
:8.33 +
8.21 sin.
Newf'd,
27=
:8.33 +
.33 sin.
Quebec,
27=
:8.33 +
.45 sin.
Toronto,
27=
: 8.33 +
.18 sin.
Newberry,
27=
: 8.33 +
3.52 sin.
Salem,
27=
: 8.33 +
2.76 sin.
Providence,
N=
: 8.33 +
.62 sin.
Cambridge,
N=
:8.33 +
1.02 sin.
"Worcester,
27=
:8.33 +
.72 sin.
N. Haven,
27=
:8.33 +
.99 sin.
N. York,
27=
:8.33 +
1.34 sin.
Abo, 1
N=
:8.33-(-
5.40 sin.
Spydberg,
N=
:8.33 +
5.28 sin.
Hammerfest,
27=
: 8.33 +
11.52 sin.
Christiania,
27=
: 8.33-|-
4.83 sin.
Stockholm,
27=
:8.33 +
3.68 sin.
St.Petersb'g,
27=
:8.33 +
2.81 sin.
Upsal,
N=
: 8.33 +
5.41 sin.
Dunse,
N=
: 8.33 4-
6.30 sin.
Makerstoun,
N=
: 8.33 4-
5.79 sin.
G. Britain,
N=
: 8.33 4-
3.87 sin.
Berlin,
27=
: 8.33 4-
3.91 sin.
Utrecht, &c.
27=
: 8.33 4-
2.29 sin.
Franeker,
27=
: 8.33 4-
1.65 sin.
Jena,
27=
: 8.33 4-
2.09 sin.
Mannheim,
27=
: 8.33 4-
1.17 sin.
Sagan,
27=
: 8.33 4-
3.91 sin.
Brussels,
27=
: 8.33 4-
2.53 sin.
Plymouth,
27=
: 8.33 4-
2.09 sin.
Carlsruhe,
27=
: 8.33 4-
2.73 sin.
Paris,
27=
: 8.33 4-
2.09 sin.
Mt'morenci,
27=
: 8.33 4-
.24 sin.
Witteniberg,
27=
: 8.33 4-
3.28-sin.
Italy,
27=
: 8.33 4-
1.97 sin.
[2**4-123° 2']4-1.13sin.
[2**4-110° 48']+1.54 sin.
[2rt«4- 60°17']4-3.32sin.
[2«*4- 57° 40']4-3.72 sin.
[2**4- 12° 8']4-2.13 sin.
[2**4- 88°42']4-6.16sin.
[2«<4-264°47']4-1.54sin.
[2«?4-127°44']4-3.07sin.
[2 * *4-261° 54']4-2.84 sin.
[2**4-150°ll']4-3.86sin.
[2««4-182°59']4-1.02sin.
[2**4-264° 2']4-2.29 sin.
[2««4-114 b 41']4-4.97sin.
[2««4-lll°28'J4-6.61sin.
[2**4-109°24']-)-2.71sin.
[2 n t-\-\ 15° 41']4-4.99 sin.
[2**4- 90° 48']4-5.80 sin.
[2**4- 95° 52']4-5.99 sin.
[2**4-119° 6']4-4.57 sin.
[2 « *4-140° 37']4-3.43 sin.
[2**4-102° 2'J4-4.47 sin.
[2 7rH-125°49']4-4.24sin.
[2**4- 48° 17']4-5.44 sin.
[2**4-351° 7']4-3.64 sin.
[2**4- 87°10']4-4.86sin.
[2**4-189° 8']+5.01 sin.
[2**4- 33° 2']4-4.29 sin.
[2 * *+101° 49']4-5.69 sin.
[2««4-312°57']4-2.77sin.
[2**4- 98°33']4-4.10sin.
[2 * <4-352° 2§']4-5.1 1 sin.
[2 * *4-249° 47']4-3.47 sin.
[2**4-300° 5']+5.49 sin.
[2«?4-119°46']4-5.32sin.
[2 n t-\- 63° 37']4-4.85 sin.
[4**4-206° 7']4-1.41 sin.
[4**4-316° 6']4- .64sin.
[4**4-336°25']4- .71 sin.
[4«<4-315°22']4-1.68sin.
[4re<4-259°57']4- .52 sin.
[4**4-326°57']4-1.96sin.
[4**4-340° 57']4-1.47 sin.
[4**4-300° 0']+2.83 sin.
[4**4-339° 9'J4-1.28sin.
[4**4-320°52']4- .95 sin.
[4**4-31 2° 45']4- .57 sin.
[4«*4-324°51']4- .54 sin.
[4**4-315° 42']4~ .83 sin.
[4a<4-304°27'J4-2.55sin.
[4**4-114° ll']4-l.ll an.
[4**4-317° 28']4- .76 sin.
[4**4-303° 9']4-1.31 sin.
[4«*4-308°42']4- .57 sin.
[4«<4-321°58']4- .86 sin.
[4**4-313° 35']4-2.03 sin.
[4**4-310°30']4-2.00sin.
[4«H-286°57']4- .40 sin.
[4«<4-288°36']4- .59 sin.
[4*<4-281°18']4-1.38sin.
[4**4-311° 57']4- .30 sin.
[4«*4-305 o 40 / ]4-1.26sin.
[4 * <4-310° 52'J4-1.55 sin.
[4**4-284° 4']4-1.03 sin.
[4 7rH-217°47']4- -98 sin.
[4**4-303°55']4-2.90sin.
[4**4-312°59']4-2.34sin.
[4**4-272°12']4-1.46sin.
[4**4-309° 54']+ .58 sin.
[4 n *4-333° 25']4- .76 sin.
[4 n *+335° 48']4-3.24 sin.
6 71*4-333° 24'
6 7i *+335° 10'
6**+ 38° 37'
6**4-331° 57'
6**4-304° 51'
6**+ 51° 19'
6**4-300° 55'
6**+ 35° 59'
6 * *+252° 52'
6**4-155° 34'
6**4-196° 42'
6**4-157° 11'
6 * *4-356° 36'
6**4-345° 56'
6**4-350° 37'
6 * *4-189° 28'
6**4-180° 9'
6 * *4-208° 24'
6**4-296° 7'
6tt*4- 91° 56'
6**4-341° 35'
6**+ 73° 20'
6**4-305° 17'
6**4-131° 6'
6 * *4-103° 58'
6**4- 71° 35'
6**4-185° 44'
6**4-241° 41'
6**4- 36° 1'
7**4-253° 16'
6**4-214° 59'
6**4- 71° 29'
6**4- 30° 48'
6**4-345° 52'
6 * *4-290° 35'
Gen.Curve, iV=8.334- 3.03 sin. [2**4-109° 52']+2.53 sin. [4**4-309° 5']+ .16 sin. [6**4-213° 31']
4- .56 sin. [8 * *+162° 45']+ .27 sin. [10 * *4-32o 38'].
1 This agrees exactly with the formula computed hy Hallstrom. Acta Soc. Sci. Fcnniccr, II. 369.
212 ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
As the ancient astronomers, by the matchless device of cycles and epicj-cles, were
able to explain numerous irregularities in the apparent motions of the heavenly bodies,
even when referred to the earth as the centre of motion, it is evident that the general
formula above explained, when expanded into a sufficient number of terms, will accom-
plish what the theory of cycles and epicycles has accomplished, since it is only the
algebraical embodiment of that geometrical conception. We draw a line parallel to
the zero line, and at a distance from it represented by A, the length of it correspond-
ing to one year. On this average line slides the axis of a circle, having a radius C x and
turning on its axis once a year. A point in the circumference of this circle draws the
curve which results from the two motions, 2 n c x being the angular distance of this point
from the direction of the average line on January 15. On the circumference of this cir-
cle rests the axis of another, with a radius of C 2 , the value of 4 n c 2 expressing the posi-
tion for January 15 of the point on its circumference which describes the resultant curve.
This circle turns on its axis twice a year. On the circumference of this circle rests the
axis of another circle, which turns round three times in a year. 'C s and 6 n ■ c z have a
similar meaning to that ascribed to the corresponding constants of the other terms.
Generally, the most conspicuous characteristics of the annual curve are indicated by
the values of the constants C 2 and 4 n c 2 . Compared with C x or C 3 , the value of C 2 is large
and the angle 4 n c 2 is such as to bring the maxima into spring and autumn and the
minima into summer and winter. By comparing the values of C 2 and 4 n c 2 in the curves
of different places, it will be seen whether there is any dependence in the times and the
degrees of the semi-annual fluctuations on geographical position. If, at the same place,
there is any change in the law of this fluctuation from century to century, it will ap-
pear by comparing the values of C 2 and 4 n c 2 , when computed from different series of
observations made at the same place in different centuries. From the magnitude of CJ,
especially when 2 n c x approximates to the value of 100°, the influence of longer and
shorter daylight in summer and winter is discovered. This influence grows to such im-
portance in very high latitudes that C x surpasses C 2 , and the value of 2 n c x governs the
times of maxima and minima. The increase of C x does not, however, progress so uni-
formly with increase of latitude as to warrant the inference that the second term of the
formula is expressive of nothing else than the influence of daylight. Superadded to
the semi-annual periodicity of the aurora, there is an annual periodicity exclusive of
that annual change introduced by the seasons. The fourth term of the formula may
originate in imperfect or insufficient series of observations. A periodicity of four
months is improbable in itself, and the co-efficient 6 re e 3 is generally small, particularly
in the mean curve, where the number of observations massed together is so large as to
mask small disturbing influences.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
213
JAKOBSHAYN. £=,78
GOTHAAB. e=1.18
NEWFOUNDLAND. £=1.31
Observed.
Computed.
A
A-
Observed.
Computed.
A A 2
Observed.
Computed.
A
■ A3
14.59
1.3.92
— 1.33
1.7689
14.19
14.66
— .47 .2209
5.90
7.73
— 1.77 3.1329
12.97
13. IS
— .21
.0441
13.95
14.56
— .61 ! .3721
13.25
11.18
+ 2.07
2.2849
9.19
7.78
+ 1.41
1.9881
11.63
11.42
+ .21 .0441
9.27
11.47
— 2.20
4.8400
.54
1.90
— 1.36
1.8496
4.88
5.87
— .99 .9801
10.60
9.27
+ 1.33
1.7689 '
— .44
+ .44
.1936
1.26
— 1.26 1.5876
7.28
6.81
+ .47
.2209
— .10
+ .16
.0256
— .65
- .6.3
.122.3
3.31
.3.42
— 2.11
4.4521
— .25
-j- .25
.062.3
— .12
- .12
.0144
8.00
6.28
+ 2.32
5.3824
1.23
— 1.23
1.5129
1.16
2.95
— 1.79
3.2041
8.60
9.42
— .82
0.6724
9.19
7.62 +1.57
2.4649
12.33
8.23
+ 4.10 16.8100
10.60
11.79
— 1.19
1.4161
15.14
1,3.76 — .62
.3844
10.47
12.93
— 2.46
6.0516
12.59
10.05
+ 2.54
6.4516
18.38
19.36 — .98
.9604
16.51
14..3.3
+ 1.96
3.8416
3.31
5.92
— 2.61
6.8121
20.00
18.09 ' — 1.91
3.6481
14.88
14.33
+ .55
.3025
6.62
4.64
+ 1.98
3.9204
39.6247
100.00
99.99
14.9031
100.00
99.99
33.8515
99.99
99.98
QUEBEC. £=1.60
TORONTO. e=.76
NEWBERRY. £ = 1.10
Observed.
Computed.
A
A a
Observed.
'Computed.
A A=
Observed.
Computed.
A
A3
3.55
5.31
— 1.76
3.0976
5.40
5.92
— .52 .2704
10.55
10.02
+ .53
.2809
14.79
11. -.'3
+ 3.54
12.5316
9.51
7.61
+ 1.90 3.6100
15.61
15.44
+ .17
.0289
8.28
13.12
— 4.84
23.42.36
8.74
9.99
— 1.25 1.5625
12.84
14.78
— 1.94
3.7636
14.20
11.88
+ 2.32
5.3824
11.83
10.65
+ 1.18 1.3924
13.76
10.54
+ 3.22
10.3684
4.14
6.58
— 2.44
5.9536
9.00
9.67
— .67 .4489
2.75
5.38
— 2.63
6.9169
5.92
6.00
— .08
.0064
6.17
8.07
— 1.90 3.6100
.92
.40
- .52
.2704
7.69
6.12
+ 1.57
2.4649
7.97
6.55
[-1.42
2.0164
1.38
— .07
-1.45
2.1025
5.92
7.39
— 1.47
2.1609
6.43
6.31
h -I 2
.0144
5.05
6.81
— 1.76
3.0976
11.24
10.74
+ .50
.2500
8.48
8.13
|- .35
.122.5
14.68
14.18
+ .50
.2500
12.43
10.01
+ 2.42
5.8564
11.05
10.21
I- .84
.7056
13.76
12.83
+ .93
.8649
7.69
8.12
— .43
.1849
8.74
9.74
— 1.00
1.0000
4.59
5.70
— 1.11
1.2321
4.14
3.40
+ .68
.4624
6.68
7.15
— .47
.2209
4.14
3.97
+ -17
.0289
99.99
99.98
61.7767
100.00
100.00
14.9740
| 100.03
99.98
29.2051
SALEM. e = 1.06
PR
OVTDENCE. £=1.15
CAMBRIDGE. £=.89
Observed.
Computed.
A
A2
Observed.
Computed.
A
A3
Observed.
Computed.
A
A3
4.54
3.82
+ .62
.3844
9.37
7.83
+ 1.54
2.3716
5.10
5.09
+ .01
.0001
7.07
7.59
— .52
.2704
10.63
10.86
— .23
.0.329
8.22
8.80
— .58
.3364
9.09
9.52
— .43
.1849
8.75
9.25
— .50
.2500
11.76
11.73
- .03
.0009
8.59
7.83
+ .76
.5929
8.12
8.32
— .20
.0400
10.20
9.58
- .62
.3844
7.58
7.22
+ .36
.1296
11.25
9.43
+ 1.82
3.3124
6.37
5.70
- .67
.4489
7.58
9.83
— 2.25
5.0625
4.37
7.36
— 2.99
8.9401
5.10
5.95
— .85
.7225
15.15
11.84
+ 3.31
10.9561
• 6.25
3.52
+ 2.73
7.4.329
10.34
9.55
+ .79
.6241
8.59
11.10
— 2.51
6.3001
4.37
5.80
— 1.43
2.0449
8.50
11.45
— 2.95
8.7025
10.61
10.18
- .43
.1849
13.13
11.74
+ .39
.1521
13.31
10.54
-2.77
7.6729
11.10
9.85
-1.2.3
1.5625
13.13
13.67
— .54
.2916
9.21
9.11
- .10
.0100
6.06
7.43
— 1.37
1.8769
8.75
7.23
+ 1.52
2.3104
6.80
7.38
— .58
.3364
4.04
3.81
+ .23
.0529
1.87
3.98
— 2.11
4.4521
5.10
5.10
.00
.0000
100.00
100.02
27.5581
99.99
99.99
31.6710
100.01
99.98
19.2391
214
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
WORCESTER. £=1.02
NEW HAVEN. .78
NEW YORK STATE. £
= .36
Observed.
Computed.
A
A 2
Observed.
Computed
A
A°-
Observed.
Computed.
A
A 2
8.96
6.65
+ 2.31
5.3361
7.75
7.37
+ .38
.1444
6.31
5.89
+ .42
.1764
6.13
8.84
— 2.71
7.3441
7.26
7.47
— .21
.0441
7.39
7.57
- .18
.0324
12.74
11.39
+ 1.35
1.8225
8.86
8.59
+ .27
.0729
9.13
9.02
— .49
.2401
11.79
11.01
+ .78
.6084
8.24
8.64
— .40
.1600
10.95
10.01
+ .94
.8836
4.72
6.63
— 1.91
3.6481
7.63
7.11
+ .52
.2704
7.39
8.12
— .73
.5329
4.24
3.03
+ 1.21
1.4641
5.66
6.36
— .70
.4900
6.64
6.64
.00
.0000
5.66
5.14
+ .52
.2704
8.86
7.80
+ 1.06
1.1236
8.80
8.14
+ .66
.4356
8.96
10.57
— 1.61
2.5921
8.11
9.64
— 1.53
2.3409
10.37
11.02
— .65
.4225
14.15
12.90
+ 1.25
1.5625
11.93
10.02
+ 1.91
3.6481
11.70
11.61
+ .09
.0081
10.38
10.53
— .15
.0225
7.63
9.52
— 1.89
3.5721
9.71
9.29
+ .42
.1764
7.07
7.28
— .21
.0441
10.58
9.10
+ 1.48
2.1904
6.22
6.62
— .40
.1000
5.19
6.01
— .82
.6724
7.50
8.35
— .85
.7225
5.39
5.46
— .07
.0049
99.99
'J'.I.'.IS
25.3873
1011.01
99.97
14.7794 100.00
99.99
3.0729
ABO. e = .69
SPYDBERG. £ = 2.31
HAMMERFEST. e=
.40
Observed.
Computed.
A
A 2
Observed.
Computed.
A
A»
Observed.
Computed.
A
A 2
9.68
9.72
— .04
.0016
9.88
7.18
+ 2.70
7.2900
2i i..s,s
21.49
— .61
.3721
12.76
13.63
— .87
.7569
8.64
14.60
— 5.96
35.5216
17.58
17.20
- .38
.1444
14.52
13.70
+ .82
.6724
20.99
15.70
+ 5.29
27.9841
8.79
8.44
- .35
.1225
8.94
8.72
+ .22
.0484
7.41
9.38
— 1.97
3.8809
.94
— .94
.8830
1.32
2.53
— 1.21
1.4641
2.47
3.07
— .60
.3600
— .87
+ .87
.7569
—1.03
+ 1.03
+ .29
1.0609
— .38
-- .38
.1444
.31
— .31
.0901
.29
.00
.0841
—1.41
+ 1.41
1.9881
.12
— .12
.0144
4.11
5.73
— 1.62
2.6244
1.23
3.09
— 1.86
3.4596
.01
— .01
.0001
14.37
12.60
+ 1.77
3.1329
12.34
12.89
— .55
.3025
4.40
3.84
+ .50
.3130
14.22
14.89
+ .67
.4489
22.22
18.18
+ 4.0 1
16.3216
9.89
10.78
— .89
.7921
10.85
11.44
— .59
.3481
7.41
12.57
— 5.16 26.6256
17.58
16.98
- .60
.3000
8.94
8.06
+ .88
.7744
7.41
5.12
+ 2.29
5.2441
20.88
20.75
- .13
.0109
100.00
99.99
11.4171
100.00
100.00
129.1225
100.00
99.99
3.8727
CHRISTIANIA. £ = .88
STOCKHOLM. £=.80
ST. PETERSBURG, e
= .95
Observed.
Computed.
A
A 2
Observed.
Computed.
A
A 2
Observed.
Computed
A
A 2
8.61
9.30
— .69
.4761
7.92
7.15
+ .77
.5929
6.54
6.15
+ .39
.1521
11.42
11.80
— .38
.1444
9.99
10.50
— .51
.2601
9.12
11.01
— 1.89
3.5721
14.04
13.58
+ .46
.2116
14.66
15.31
— -.65
.4225
16.76
15.36
- 1.40
1.9600
11.24
10.36
+ .88
— 2.27
.7744
16.42
14.45
+ 1.97
3.8809
13.81
13.22
- .59
.3481
.56
2.83
5.1529
3.81
6.13
— 2.32
5.3824
3.50
5.49
— 1.99
3.9601
—2.10
+ 2.10
— .43
4.4100
—1.36
+ 1.36
+ .20
1.8496
1.20
— .31
+ 1.51
2.2801
.19
.62
.1849
— .20
.0400
1.38
1.16
+ .22
.0484
6.55
7.86
— 1.31
1.7161
5.57
6.80
— 1.23
1.5129
5.89
7.46
— 1.57
2.4649
14.61
12.83
+ 1.78
— .88
3.1684
12.90
11.71
+ 1.19
1.4161
13.81
12.47
+ 1.34
1.7956
12.17
13.05
.7744
11.44
11.92
— .48
.2304
13.08
12.80
+ .28
.0784
10.30
10.84
— .54
.2916
9.99
9.90
+ .09
.0081
7.64
9.37
— 1.73
2.9929
10.30
9.03
+ 1.27
1.6129
7.33
7.68
— .35
.1225
7.27
5.81
+ 1.46
2.1316
100.00
100.00
18.9177
100.03
99.99
15.7184
100.00
99.99
21.7843
ON THE PERIODICITY OP THE AURORA BOREALIS.
215
UPSAL. e=.72
DUNSE. £=l.ll
MAKERSTOUN. £=.73
Observed.
Computed.
A.
A 2
Observed.
Computed.
A
A 2
Observed.
Computed.
A
A 2
8.35
9.47
— 1.12
1.2544
13.87
11.85
+ 2.02
4.0804
11.96
9.90
+ 2.00
4.0000
12.87
13.20
— .43
.1849
8.40
10.10
— 1.70
2.8900
14.13
14.96
— 1.26
1.5876
14.93
13.71
+ 1.22
1.4884
7.56
7.37
+ .19
.0361
15.22
14.96
- .26
.0076
7.37
8.14
— .77
.5929
7.56
6.02
+ 1.54
2.3716
[8.70
8.62
r .08
.0064
.69
1.21
— .52
.2704
1.26
3.34
— 2.08
4.3264
3.26
3.01
- .25
.0625
.20
— 1.22
+ 1.44
2.0736
— .92
- .92
0.8404
.52
— .52
.2704
.39
1.56
— 1.17
1.3689
.84
— .18
- 1.02
1.0404
— .09
+ .09
.0081
7.07
6.89
+ .18
0.0324
5.88
8.18
— 2.30
5.2900
3.80
2.95
+ .85
.7225
12.38
12.00
— .38
.1444
18.07
15.87
+ 2.20
— 1.33
4,8400
8.70
10.13
— 1.43
2.0449
14.34
14.16
+ .18
.0324
14.29
15.62
1.7689
15.76
14.84
+ .92
0.8464
10.71
12.03
— 1.32
1.7424
12.00
11.71
+ .89
— 1.35
.7921
12.50
12.02
+ .48
.2304
10.71
8.84
+ 1.87
3.4969
9.66
11.01
1.8225
5.98
7.72
— 1.74
3.0276
100.01
99.99
12.6820
100.00
99.97
30.1048
101.01
100.12
12.8744
G
. BRITAIN. e=.61
BERLIN. £=1.04
UTRECHT, &c. £ = .84
Observed.
Computed.
A
A 2
Observed.
Computed.
A
A 2
Observed.
Computed.
A
A2
8.96
■ 7.80
+ 1.16
1.3456
7.04
5.61
+ 1.43
2.0449
6.53
5.45
+ 1.08
1.1664
8.51
9.07
— .56
.3136
10.85
11.43
— .58
.3364
6.27
7.08
— .81
.6561
11.26
10.65
+ .61
.3721
16.42
16.61
— .19
.0361
12.27
11.48
+ .79
.6241
10.11
10.01
+ .10
.0100
15.54
15.75
— .21
.0441
13.73
15.07
— 1.34
1.7956
5.52
6.14
— .62
.3844
11.44
9.72
+ 1.72
2.9584
14.67
12.68
+ 1.99
3.9601
1.61
1.50
+ .11
.0121
.59
3.37
— 2.78
7.7284
4.53
6.46
— 1.93
3.7249
.69
.75
— .06
.0036
2.93
0.74
+ 2.19
4.7961
4.93
4.08
+ .85
.7225
5.52
5.68
— .16
.0256
2.93
3.08
— .15
.0225
7.87
7.25
+ .62
.3844
13.33
12.21
+ 1.12
1.2544
6.45
8.22
— 1.77
3.1329
8.53
9.99
— 1.46
2.1316
13.56
14.77
— 1.21
1.4641
13.20
11.23
+ 1.97
3.8809
9.87
8.73
+ 1.14
1.2996
13.56
12.43
+ 1.13
1.2769
8.50
9.09
— .59
.3481
6.27
6.32
— .05
.0025
7.35
8.97
— 1.62
2.6244
4.11
5.13
— 1.02
1.0404
4.53
5.40
— .87
.7569
99.98
99.98
9.0868
100.00
99.98
26.3692
100.00
99.99
17.2247
FRANEKER. £=1.50
JENA. £ = l.9l
MANNHEIM. c=1.23
Observed.
Computed.
A
A 2
Observed.
Computed.
A
A 2
Observed.
Computed.
A
A 2
8.65
6.66
+ 1.99
3.9601
2.38
5.12
— 2.74
7.5076
8.33
5.57
+ 2.76
7.6176
6.49
10.74
— 4.25
18.0625
10.71
7.90
+ 2.81
7.8961
5.55
8.64
— 3.09
9.5481
17.75
13.56
+ 4.19
17.5561
4.76
10.73
— 5.97
35.6409
15.28
13.71
^1.57
2.4649
9.96
12.10
— 2.14
4.5796
11.91
9.94
+ 1.97
3.8809
14.81
14.10
\- .71
.5041
6.93
6.86
r- .07
.0049
4.76
7.41
— 2.65
7.0225
6.02
7.90
— 1.88
3.5344
2.60
2.26
\- .34
.1156
2.38
3.42
— 1.04
1.0816
3.70
2.68
+ 1.02
1.0404
3.46
2.78
h .68
.4624
4.76
3.40
+ 1.36
1.8496
5.55
4.62
+ .93
.8649
6.49
7.94
— ]
2.1025
9.52
9.75
— .23
.0529
7.41
9.64
— 2.23
4.9729
12.99
12.33
|- .66
.4356
16.67
15.07
[-1.60
2.5600
12.96
11.05
+ 1.91
3.6481
12.99
11.79
1- 1.20
1.4400
17.86
14.07
1-3.79
14.3641
8.33
9.05
— .72
.5184
5.03
7.79
— 2.10
4.6656
7.14
8.27
— 1.13
1.2769
7.41
7.15
+ .26
.0676
6.06
5.17
+ .89
.7921
7.14
4.91
+ 2.23
4.9729
4.63
5.89
— 1.26
1.5876
100.00
'.I'.l.'.hS
54.1770
99.99
99.99
88.1060
99.98
100.00
36.3700
21G
OX THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
SAGAN. e = 1.69
BRUSSELS. e=.69
PLYMOUTH. £=1.36
Observed.
Computed.
A Ct?
Observed.
Computed.
A
A' 2
Observed.
Computed.
A
A 2
10.42
5.73
+ 4.69 21.9961
5.19
5.34
— .15
.0225
6.67
4.22
+ 2.45
6.0025
5.83
9.20
— 3.37
11.3569
5.63
5.66
— .03
.0009
5.83
9. 1 1
— 3.58
12.8164
14.17
14.41
— .24
.0576
7.79
7.30.
+ .49
.2401
19.17
■'15.55
+ 3.62
13.1044
16.67
13.54
+ 3.13
9.7969
9.52
10.94
— 1.42
2.0164
10.00
12.26
— 2.20
5.1076
3.33
6.39
— 3.06
9.3636
16.45
14.05
+ 2.40
5.7600
5.00
3.98
+ 1.02
1.0404
.83
.17
-- .66
.4356
9.56
12.66
— 3.10
9.6100
.83
1.87
— 1.04
1.0816
1.25
— .11
--1.36
1.8496
9.56
7.93
+ 1.63
2.6569
6.67
5.64
+ 1.03
1.0009
3.33
4.34
— 1.01
1.0201
4.76
5.52
— .76
.5776
6.67
7.82
— 1.15
1.3225
9.17
10.17
— 1.00
1.0000
6.93
7.28
— .35
.1225
8.33
8.47
— .14
.0196
16.25
14.17
+ 2.08
4.3264
9.96
9.12
+ .84
.7056
12.50
11.21
+ 1.29
1.6641
12.92
13.41
— .49
.2401
7.36
8.10
— .74
.5476
10.83
12.13
— 1.30
1.6900
5.83
8.59
— 2.76
7.6176
6.49
6.10
+ .39
.1521
7.50
7.43
+ .07
.0049
100.00
100.01
69.0605
1(10.(111
100.00
22.4122
100.00
99.99
44.9149
CARLSRUHE. i = 1.02
PARIS. £ = 2.42
MONTMORENCI. £ = 1 .02
Observed .
Computed.
A
A?
Computed.
A
A"-
Observed.
Computed. A A 2
2.30
2.89
— .59
.3481
3.70
4.29
— .59
.3481
4.76
4.21
+ .55 .3025
10.34
8.61
+ 1.73
2.9929
4.63
5.12
— .49
.2401
7.74
9.65
— 1.01 ] 3.6481
14.94
16.73
— 1.79
3.2041
11.11
7.19
+ 3.92
15.3664
15.48
13.19
+ 2.29 5.2441
17.24
16.69
+ .55
.3025
3.70
10.61
— 6.91
47.7481
10.71
12.17
— 1.46 2.1316
9.20
8.37
+ .83
.6889
18.52
11.69
+ 6.83
46.6489
8.33
7.89
+ .44 .1936
2.30
3.19
— .89
.7921
4.63
8.28
— 3.65
13.3225
3.57
3.91
— .84' .1156
5.75
6.29
— .54
.2916
5.56
5.45
+ .11
.0121
5.36
4.03
+ 1.33 i 1.7689
12.64
10.35
+ 2.29
5.2441
9.26
8.31
+ .95
.9025
6.55
8.90
— 2.35 5.5225
6.90
9.71
— 2.81
7.8961
1 13.89
13.17
+ .72
.5184
16.07
13.78
+ 2.29 5.2441
9.20
7.45
+ 1.75
3.0625
10.19
12.98
— 2.79
7.7841
11.90
12.92
— 1.01
1.0201
5.75
6.00
— .25
.0625
11.11
8.22
+ 2.89
8.3521
6.55
6.88
— .33
.1089
3.45
3.70
— .25
.0625
3.70
4.68
— .98
.9604
2.98
2.44
+ .54
.2916
100.01
99.98
24.9479
100.00
100.00
142.2037
100.00
99.97
25.5916
WITTEMBERG. t = 1.64
ITALY. £ = 2.34
MEAN CURVE. £=.30
Observed.
' Computed.
A A 2
Observed.
Computed.
A
A2
Observed.
Computed.
A
A 2
8.79
8.61
+ .18 .0324
4.54
5.08
— .54
.2916
9.54
9.13
+ .41
.1681
13.19
13.65
— .46 .2116
10.23
14.27
— 4.04
16.3216
9.73
10.55
— .82
.6724
14.29
13.84
+ .45
.2025
23.86
17.83
+ 6.03
36.3609
11.96
11.32
+ .64
.4096
7.69
8.35
— .66
.4356
5.68
10.06
— 4.38
19.1844
9.37
9.40
— .03
.0009
3.30
2.38
+ .92
.8464
3.41
2.34
+ 1.07
1.1449
5.09
553
— .44
.1936
.48
— .48
.2304
4.54
3.56
+ .98
.9604
3.22
2.86
- .36
.1296
2.20
3.29
— 1.09
1.1881
6.82
7.61
— .79
.6241
3.72
3.61
h -11
.0121
12.(HI
8.87
+ 3.22
10.3684
7.95
8.06
— .11
.0121
6.45
6.91
— .46
.2116
8.79
13.44
— 4.65
21.6225
7.95
8.48
— .53
.2809
10.39
10.08
+ .31
.0961
17.59
13.08
+ 4.51
20.3401
13.64
10.58
+ 3.06
9.3636
11.37
11.20
+ .17
.0289
5.50
8.42
— 2.92
8.5264
3.41
8.65
— 5.24
27.4576
9.87
10.34
— .47
.2209
6.59
5.56
+ 1.03
1.0609
7.95
3.46
+ 4.49
20.1601
9.29
9.08
+ .21
.0441
100.02
99.97
65.0653
99.98
99.98
132.1622
100.00
100.01
2.1879
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
217
In 1843 Eklof 1 published at Helsingfors, Russia, a mathematical discussion of the an-
nual changes of the auroral phenomena, making use of the same periodic function as I
have adopted. 2
P m — 8.33 + u' sin. (m 30° + W) + u" sin. (m 60° + U") + u'" sin. (m 90° + V").
He also has reduced all the observations to the uniform standard of one hundred for
the twelve months of the year. As in his formula (m) is equal to zero for January 1, the
time counts from January 1, -whereas I take January 15 as the initial day of the year.
Accordingly my values of c x exceed by 15° and multiples of 15° the values of JJ X com-
puted by Eklof. This should be remembered in comparing his formulas with those which
I have computed for the same places. There is an advantage in this comparison, inas-
much as the observations which he used generally refer to a different period of years from
that which I included in my calculations. For this purpose I append his conclusions.
Berlin, P„,=8.33-|-3.46sin.(m30 o -f 110° 22')+6.97sin. (;«60°+265° 27')+3.37sin. (m 90°+277°35').
London, P m =8.33+5.G6 sin. (m 30°+121° 32') -f5.33 sin. (m 60°+257° 55')+1.57 sin. (m 90 o +243° 26') •
Upsal, P,„=8.33+5.42 sin. (m 30°+101° 48')+3.94 sin. (m 60°-f 283° 24') +0.94 sin. (m 90°+281° 220-
St.Petersb'g, P,„=8.33+3.99 sin. (m30°+129° 41')-f 7.77 sin. (m 60°+278° 28')+1.17sin. (w90°-|-272° 30').
Italy, P M =8.33-f-1.97 sin. (m 30°+ 48° 38')+4.85 sin. (m 60°-f 305° 49')+3.24 sin. (m 90°+245° 37')-
Utrecht, P,„=8.33+2.29 sin. (m 30°+336° 8')+3.64 sin. (m 60°+251° 16')+1.40 sin. (m 90°+ 86° 34').
Carlsruhe, P m =8.33+2.73 sin. (m 30°+337°28')+5.11sin. (m 60°+282°59')-|-2.34 sin. (m 90°+170° 0').
Mt'morenci, P„=8.33-(-1.21 sin. (m 30°-f 71° 44')+4.07 sin. (m 60°-4-279° 46')+0.71 sin. (m 90°+14° 4').
Wittemberg, P m =8.33+3.29 sin. (m 30°+104° 46')+5.33 sin. (m 60°4-303° 25')+0.76sin. (m 90°+300° 58').
Place.
Tears.
Authority.
Min.
Value.
Mas.
Value. I Min.
Value.
Max. 1 Value.
SPm.
Berlin,
1707-35
Kirch,
Jan. 1
1.28
March 10
15.94
July 16
1.26
Oct. 19J19.39
1.51
London,
1716-50
Eklof,
Jan. 14
5.65
March 16
12.16
June 17
0.58
Oct. 25 18.43
2.20
Upsal,
1716-33
Celsius,
Dec. 27
8.85
March 1
13.65
June 19
0.11
Oct. 1814.45
0.65
St. Petersburg,
1726-36
Delisle,
Jan.
2.55
March 14
14.70
June 19
1.72 Oct. 7
18.87
1.03
Italy,
Utrecht, &c,
Carlsruhe,
1727-51
1716-44
1779-1831
Beccari,
Musschen-
[broek,
Eisenlohr,
Dec. 27
Aug. 27
Jan.
Jan. 6
2.81
7.92
5.35
2.59
March 9
April 20
March
18.14
15.16
18.13
May 26
July 11
June 17
1.79 iQct. 21
Aug. 2
4.00 Sept. 19
3.18'Aug. 26
10.70
8.24
10.04
10.63
2.34
0.91
1.01
Montmorenci, &c,
1771-80
Cotte, 8
Dec. 16
5.15 March 19
12.23
July 3
2.96 Sept. 28 12.67
0.64
Wittemburg,
1731-50
Weidler,
Dec. 15
5.57 March 1
14.61
June 11
0.42 Sept. 28J1407
1.64
i Acta Soc. Sci. Fennicse, II. 302.
2 This is the same as I employed in 1845, in discussing the daily changes of temperature and magnetic declination. — Memoirs
of the American Academy, II. 44. Moigno, Lecons de Calculus, I. 527. Liouyille, Journ. de Math., II. 193.
8 As given by Bertholon, KiLmtz, and Gehler. Cotte's Memoirs, &c, I. 366.
VOL. 5. 28
218 ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Quetelet 1 Las given careful attention to the inquiry, whether any relation exists be-
tween the periodicity of the aurora and of shooting stars. He draws attention to the
fact that while Mairan rejected the idea of any relationship between the two classes of
phenomena, because he supposed auroras to be cosmical and shooting stars terrestrial
in their origin, at the present day the shooting stars are believed to be of a planetary
character and the aurora to be comparatively near to the earth's surface. Quetelet ad-
mits tbat the periodicity of auroras conforms to the recurrence of the seasons, and
exhibits nearly the same periods of maxima and minima now as formerly, whereas the
periodicity of the shooting stars stands in a less definite relation to the seasons, and the
November period of maxima appears to have come in ancient times as early as the last
days of October, and the August period between July 25 and 30. He rests his argument
in favor of some affiliation between phenomena apparently disconnected on the fact that,
out of twenty-eight unusual exhibitions of shooting stars since 1830, fifteen have been
accompanied or preceded by auroras; viz., December 7 and 12, 1830; August 10
1831; November 13 1832; December 12, 1833; August 12, 1834; August 10 and
November 15,1836; November 15,1837; October 18, November 13, and December
7,1838; January 2,1839; January 2,1840; and August 11, 1841. Moreover, on
August 15, 1830, and on November 12 and 14, 1839, when the expected display of
shooting stars nearly failed, its place seemed to have been taken by an exhibition of
aurora. Quetelet arrives at the following judicious conclusion: —
" Ces rapprochements ne prouvent sans doute pas que les etoiles nlantds et les aurores boreales doivent etre rangee"s
dans une nieme classe et ont une nieme origine : mais on peut raissonablement supposef que les causes qui arnenent les
unes peuvent favoriser la naissance des autres."
"Wartmann 2 has also argued in favor of the common origin of shooting stars and the
aurora, resting his proof on a few coincidences, such as those which happened on Decem-
ber 16, 1830; October 18, 1836, July 28, 1837; May 7, September 2, and October 22,
1839 ; July 5 and September 21, 1840. Facts such as the following have been quoted
by others as indicating a relationship between the shooting stars and the aurora. Von
Wrangel 3 observed, while in Siberia, that when shooting stars crossed the path of the
aurora fiery beams started up in the space traversed. Airy 4 saw a single star shoot
from the auroral beams of March 13, 1833. Bravais, while in Scandinavia, recorded one
example of stars shooting from the region of the aurora. 5
iNouv. Mem. de l'Acad. Royale de Bruxelles. XV. 14.
2 Bibliotheque Universelle, XXX. 206 ; and Quetelet's Correspond. Math, et Phys. XI. 182.
'Edinburgh New Phil. Journal, 1827, III. 381. 4 London Philosophical Magazine, 3d Series, II. 316.
6 See also on the same subject Wochenschrift fiir Astronomie, &c, II. 287.
ON THE PERIODICITY OP THE AURORA BOREALIS.
219
Boue 1 has labored assiduously to establish a connection, such as is implied in a com-
mon origin, between different portions of the Physics of the Globe, and, possibly besides,
between shooting stars and the zodiacal light. He questions the periodicity of the latter,
and claims no correspondence in the periods of shooting stars and the aurora. But he
argues earnestly, though in my opinion not very conclusively, in favor of some affiliation
between auroras and earthquakes. He quotes largely from the voluminous catalogues
of earthquakes published by Perrey in the Memoires de L'Academie Imperiale de
Dijon and elsewhere. Perrey has arranged his data by months, years, and centuries,
and finds some evidence of a secular period as well as of a yearly one. He also points
out a coincidence between the periodicity of earthquakes and the monthly tides,
the maximum appearing at syzygies and the minimum at quadratures. They are also
more frequent when the moon is near the meridian than they are when the moon is
90° from the meridian. The monthly change he has developed by a periodical function
similar to that which I have employed upon the aurora. Of the earthquakes which oc-
curred in France, Belgium, and Holland, Perrey has made the following distribution
among the months. 2 The second line of the table refers to earthquakes observed in
the Antilles; 3 the third line to those observed in the Isle of Zante; 4 the fourth to those
observed in Europe and the adjacent parts of Asia and Africa ; the fifth to those observed
in the Avhole of the Northern Hemisphere, as compiled by Mallet. 5
Place.
Jan.
Feb.
March.
April.
May.
June.
July.
Aug.
Sept
Oct.
Not.
Dec.
Total.
France, &c,
83
64
53
55
42
36
47
40
50
48
60
78
656
Antilles,
15
16
23
17
16
16
20
23
22
20
18
15
221
Zante,
80
107
105
89
131
176
141
131
91
165
279
168
1663
Europe, &c.,
228
189
172
147
126
131
148
147
147
176
148
202
1961
N. Hemisphere,
627
539
503
489
438
428
415
488
463
516
473
500
5879
The frequency of earthquakes varies from month to month, but there is no resem-
blance between the law which governs this change and the yearly course of the aurora,
or between the two sets of maxima and minima. The nearest approach to such an
agreement is in the summer minimum. Boue attaches value to the fact that out of three
hundred and fifty-one auroras observed by Hansteen and Herrick between 1837 and
1847, and four hundred and fifty-seven earthquakes compiled by Perrey, forty-seven cor-
respond in the day and five in the hour of the occurrence, and fifty more coincide in time
within one or two days. When Boue compared the same earthquakes with his own cata-
logue of eight hundred and eighty-three auroras, he found half of them to correspond
within a day or two to some aurora, and from eight to ten within a single hour.
1 Sitzungsberichte (ler Kaiserl. Akad. iler Wissensch. XII. 459, 60.
2 Mem. Couronn. et des Savans Etrang de l'Aead. Brux. XVIII. 97. 8 Mem. de l'Acad. ImpeV. de Dijon, for 1845,6, p.' 385.
• Mem. de l'Acad. Impe'r. de Dijon. Deuxieme Serie, XI. 103. 6 Report of the British Assoc., XXVIII. Meeting, pp. 28 and 57.
220
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
I translate the following passage from Boue : —
"If the monthly frequency of northern lights and earthquakes is compared for a series of years, a decided and gen-
eral correspondence is discovered between the tables of northern lights given by Mairan, Bertbolon, and Muncke, and
those which Perrey has made of earthquakes since the fourth century in northerly Europe and Asia, in western Europe,
as well as in eight different basins and in south-eastern Europe. I do not mean a relative coincidence of numbers, but a
somewhat similar mutual proportion of numbers for both classes of phenomena in each month of this series of years. If
the tables of Perrey are compared with Hansteen's registers of the northern lights, the greatest disagreement falls upon
the months of February and March as well as September and October. But May, June, July, and even August retain
the same character for both classes of phenomena, as the months of minimum frequency. Decidedly in July and pre-
eminently in June both are of great rarity." '
Baumhauer 2 has classified the recurrences of meteoric stones and fire-balls as follows :
', Days.
Jan.
Feb.
March
April
Mm,
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Total.
1
4
2
5
2
l
4
6
1
3
28
2
6
.
3
1
2
2
,
.
.
2
1
4
21
3
1
4
2
1
.
3
1
6
1
3
1
1
24
4
2
a
1
3
1
2
2
1
4
1
3
2
24
5
1
.
.
3
1
1
.
4
2
1
2
3
18
6
2
7
2
2
.
1
1
5
1
3
4
1
29
7
2
3
1
.
2
2
1
5
m
1
2
.
19
8
3
4
5
2
2
,
1
4
4
4
1
4
34
9
3
2
2
5
1
4
.
2
2
4
2
27
10
3
2
2
4
3
.
.
7
7
2
2
2
34
11
1
2
1
3
1
,
1
3
1
4
2
4
23
12
3
1
4
1
2
3
1
5
,
3
8
2
33
13
6
1
3
3
1
3
4
3
6
3
9
6
48
14
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
3
2
19
la
3
2
3
1
1
1
.
4
.
2
2
19
M
.
1
1
.
.
.
2
1
1
.
.
6
16
2
.
.1
.
2
1
3
1
3
1
2
2
18
17
1
1
.
4
5
2
10"
.
.
3
4
2
32
18
2
6
2
2
1
.
2
2
1
2
2
3
25
19
.
3
1
4
4
4
1
2
1
1
5
2
28
20
2
.
1
.
2
.
3
4
2
5
4
1
24
21
1
1
2
,
2
.
2
.
,
2
1
3
14
22
.
1
4
,
6
1
1
4
3
3
1
3
27
23
1
2
1
.
1
.
1
4
2
5
1
,
18
24
3
,
2
.
.
.
3
.
2
2
1
2
15
25
3
1
1
.
.
,
.
.
1
1
3
3
13
26
4
3
,
3
2
.
2
2
1
1
2
1
21
27
2
4
,
2
2
.
1
.
3
4
1
19
28
3
1
1
3
1
1
4
3
2
1
2
1
23
29
.
.
2
2
1
2
6
.
2
1
5
3
24
30
2
.
4
2
1
1
2
.
1
1
2
2
18
31
1
•
2
.
2
,
2
t
,
2
.
1
10
F
1
.
,
.
.
,
.
3
,
e
4
()
•
1
1
•
3
1
4
6
4
1
3
4
28
Total.
69
58
62
54
53
37
62
83
61
69
87
72
767
1 Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserl. Akad. der Wissensch. Wien. XXII. p. 434.
2 Pogg. Annalen der Physik und Chemie, LXVI. 477.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
221
The days signalized by the frequency of these phenomena are November 12 and 13,
August 10, April 9 and 10, December 13, November 27, 28, and 29, January 1 and 2
(all of which days according to Quetelet are distinguished by extraordinary numbers
of shooting stars), and especially July 17. Baumhauer takes advantage of the fact that
fire-balls, &c. are often surrounded, when they first appear, with a cloudy envelope. As
nickel and magnetic iron enter largely into the composition of meteoric stones, he
concludes that these substances are also one principal ingredient in the lighter matter
which remains suspended in the air without falling to the earth. Hence he conjectures
that this floating matter will be magnetized by the earth, arrange itself everywhere
parallel to the resultant of the terrestrial magnetic forces at each place, and manifest
itself, when from any cause rendered luminous, as the Aurora Borealis or Australia
Baumhauer thinks it desirable that the ground in high latitudes should be searched for
nickel, since it is distributed so sparingly over the earth's surface that its presence at
any place might be taken as a safe indication of meteoric materials. He adds that this
hypothesis as to the origin of northern lights is sustained by the observations of Colla,
Wartmann and Quetelet, who have pointed out the fact (?) that the times when the
northern lights are most abundant coincide with the periods of greatest meteoric dis-
plays. Baumhauer modestly allows that his speculation in regard to the mutual
dependence of various classes of phenomena in the Sun's system, viz., shooting stars,
the fall of meteoric stones, and the northern lights, is only an attempt to introduce
some order into what has been hitherto an immense chaos of facts.
Wolf has supplemented from his own learning the catalogue of meteorites and fire-
balls, made by Kamtz and Biot. 1 He assigns to each clay its proper number and pub-
lishes the following monthly means :
i Jan.
Feb.
March.
April.
May.
June.;
July.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Not.
Dec.
Total.
Kiimtz — Wolf,
Biot,
Coulvier-Gravier,
82
54
4
59
54
6
71
68
4
65
61
3
59
89
5
48
75
7
60
151
15
85
131
40
74
116
13
79
183
11
101
144
16
92
90
11
875
1216
135
Wolf selects the following days as conspicuously marked by the frequency of these
occurrences : January 2 and 10; February 4, 6, and 18; March 1 and 31; April 9, 10,
and 19 ; June 7 ; July 17 and 29; August 3, 5, 7, 8, 10 and 11; September 1 and 13 ;
October 1 and 3 ; November 9, 11, 12, 13, 16, 19 and 29; December 2, S, 11, 13, and
30 ; " also namentlich auch die Tage, welche sich constant oder wenigstens in einer grb's-
1 Vierteljahrssclirift der Naturforsch. Gesellschaft in Zurich. Jakrgang I. 322-32.
222 ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
sern Anzahl von Jahren besonders reich an Sternschnuppen zeigten." Neither the
days nor the months which are stamped with a deficiency or a superabundance of auroras
reappear in these new phenomena as equally memorable.
Wolf 1 has arranged a collection of 5764 auroras, according to the days and months of
the year. He has then constructed three curves : 1, the first according to the twelve
monthly means ; 2, the second according to the daily numbers ; 3, the third according
to means of each five successive days, giving six ordinates for every month. His max-
ima derived from the latter curve are near March 20 and October 15, and the minima
near June 22 and December 25. The jaggedness of the second curve he attributes
mainly to accidents of observation, remarking, however, that January 3 and 6, February
11 and 22, March 26 and 29, May 1, September 24, November 2, and December 20, are
rich compared with the curve of monthly means; while February 14 and 21, March 31,
October 28, and November 5 and 28 are comparatively lean. Moreover the third curve
mounts unusually high during the first week of January and of July, that i*, shortly
after the periods of minima, and exhibits unusual depressions near the end of April and
November. But these subordinate waves, which ride the back of the great yearly swell
as a deferent, do not seem to me to point with any certain aim to the times for shoot-
ing stars and, through them, to the ring of meteors and the zodiacal lights. "Wolf
compares his Northern Light curve with the yearly changes of Magnetic Inclination as
found by Hansteen, of magnetic storms as studied by Sabine, and of Solar Spot' fre-
quency 2 and Magnetic Declination as developed by his own researches, and he
declares in favor of a prevailing agreement between them as exact as can be expected
from the nature of the observations.
" Diese Ver<deichung zeigt, dass im Allgemeinen wirklich eine so grosse Uebereinstimmung zwischen den verschie-
denen Curven herrscht, als nur inimer bei der Natur der zu Grunde gelegten Beobachtungsreihen erwartet wcrden
kann, und wenn das erste Maximum der Nordlichtcurve vergleiekungsweise etwas friihe, das zweite etwas spat einzu-
treten scheint, so ergibt sich hiefur eine einfache Erklariing aus dem Zunehmen der Tageslange im Friihjahr und dem
Abnelimen der Tagesliinge im Herbst, — ebenso fur das relative Yerfriihen der beiden Minima's aus der durckscknitt-
lieh ungiinstigeren Witterung urn die Zeit der Solstitien. Auch die grosse Differenz zwischen den beiden Minima's der
Nordlichtcurve wird offenbar dureh die Verkaltnisse der Tageslange ungemein begiinstigt."
A. de la Rive argues in favor of some association between appearances of the aurora
and lunar halos, rain, snow, &c.
" Revenant b. la coexistence des particules glace'es dans l'air avee les aurores, nous en trouvons une preuve frappante
dans les observations faites au Canada et aux Etats-Unis. Des registres d'observations mete'orologiques, tenus avec beau-
1 Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforsch. Gesellschaft in Zurich. Jahrgang II. 372, 3.
2 Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforsch. Gesellschaft in Zurich. Jahrgang I. 161, 263, and 269.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS. 223
coup de soin, indiquent l'e'tat de 1'atmosphere les jours qui precedent et qui suivent l'apparition d'aurores bore'ales. Or,
presque toujours, l'aurore est precede'e de la chute de la pluie et surtout de la neige ; il arrive aussi tres-souvent, mais
non tonjours, que cette chute a lieu apre's l'aurore. Enfin, l'apparition des halos luminares, qui precede Ie plus souvent
celle des aurores boreales, est une preuve de la presence dans l'atmosphere de ces particules glacees qui forment le reseau
illumine par la transmission de l'electricite." '
Wartmann has considered the question, whether there is a special period of auroral
display in October. 2 The influence of trade-winds and of a low barometer upon the
aurora has also been discussed. 3 Broun has examined the recurrence of auroral dis-
plays in connection not only with the seasons, but also with the moon's age and mag-
netic disturbances. From his own short series of observations he has concluded that
these disturbances, whatever and whenever they may be, which result in the develop-
ment of the auroral light, agree with the magnetic disturbances of the earth in having
a maximum at the opposition of the moon, and a minimum at the conjunction. These
magnetic disturbances also conform to another law of the aurora ; viz., they have max-
ima at the equinoxes and minima at the solstices, particularly at the summer solstice. 4
Hansteen 5 has pointed out a yearly period in the changes of the magnetic inclina-
tion at Cbristiania ; the two maxima occurring on April 1 and September 30, and the
two minima on July 1 and December 31. If the solar spots can be linked with the
earth's magnetism, and if the earth's magnetism can be associated with the aurora, may
not the aurora and the sun's spots possess some bond of affinity ? The solar spots have
been tabulated by Wolf, month by month. The yearly curve resembles the variation
in the star (i Lyrse- as found by Argelander. The principal minimum is in July, and
a secondary one in November : the principal maximum is in October, and a secondary
one in December. This yearly curve corresponds to that which expresses the mag-
netic changes as far as the principal maximum and minimum are concerned. But the
magnetic curve has a secondary maximum in April and a minimum in January.
Both phenomena exhibit clearly an annual periodicity; there are more solar spots
from October to March inclusive than from April to September inclusive. 6
"Wolf 7 expresses the monthly frequency of the solar spots between the years 1S33
and 1858 inclusive, by these relative numbers.
J Traite' de 1'Electricite', ITI. 295. 2 Bibliotheque Universelle, XXX. 206.
8 Bibliotheque Universelle, XLV. 89, and LXXXIII. See also the calculations of Fritz. Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforsch.
Gesellsch. in Zurich. IX. 124-8.
* Edinb. PhU. Trans. XXX. Pt. 2, p. Lxxxi.
6 Bulletin de l'Acad. Royale de Brux. XXI. 299. Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforsch. Gesellsch. in Zurich. Jahrgang, II. 123,
and 353; V. 36 ; VI. 179.
c Biblioth. Univ. Archiv. de Nat. et Phys. Sci. Vm. 41.
7 Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforsch. Gesellsch. in Zurich. Jahrgang, I. 264; II. 120; V. 29 and 240.
224
OH THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Jan.
Feb.
March. J April. | May.
June.
July.
Aug.
S«pt.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
48.6
47.7
45.3 1 44.2
44.0
43.4
42.3
46.0
50.4
52.6
46.2
50.7
Wolf made an elaborate comparison, month by month and year by year, for the wbole
period between the years 1826 and 1848 inclusive, of the number of solar spots seen
on days when the aurora was observed as compared with the general average. If the
evidence was not decisive, it at any rate leaned to the opinion of Mairan tbat the
aurora was concomitant with the development of solar spots more frequently than oth-
erwise. He alludes emphatically to the spots and the aurora of the last of August and
the first of September, 1859.
III. Pliny, after describing appearances in the heavens which evidently refer to the
aurora borealis, adds these words : " Atque hajc ego statis temporibus naturae, ut caetera
arbitror existere." Ideler 1 quotes this passage with the following comment ; •'• Novitne
Plinius statis period is auroram borealem apparere?" I have stated in an earlier me-
moir 2 the general argument for a secular periodicity in the recurrences of the aurora
borealis. An appearance which is now so familiar was so strange in 1719 that the
aurora of that year caused such terror throughout New England as to suspend " all
amusements, all business, and even sleep, there being a general expectation of the ap-
proach of the final judgment." 3 In the early part of the present century the inhabi-
tants of the Shetland Islands complained of the loss of this useful light which was so
common in the last quarter of the preceding century; and the necessity of substituting
artificial illumination for ordinary farming purposes. 4 The experiences and traditions
of the Icelanders are of the same kind. Henderson 5 said in 1815: "I had an opportu-
nity of contemplating them (auroras) almost every clear night during the whole win-
ter." Compare this with the accounts of Anderson for the period between 1730 and
1747, and of Horrebows in 1749 and 1750.
Although there can be no doubt in regard to the fact of the secular periodicity of the
Aurora Borealis, there may be great difficulty in ascertaining, with even an approxima-
tion to certainty, the period of this secular change: partly, because the period is long,
and demands centuries of careful observations before it can be unmasked ; partly,
because the secular change is evidently entangled with other changes of smaller
periods which there may be no means of eliminating. I have drawn the secular curve
1 Meteorologia Veterum Grrecorum et Romanornm, p. 52. a Mem. of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, IX. 101.
8 Regent's Reports of the Senate of Xew York, for 1836, p. 228. 'Edinburgh New Phil. Journ. XVI. 35.
6 Iceland or the Journal of a Residence in that Island, I. 357, and Nouvelle Description de l'Islande par Horrebows, trad, de
l'Allenaand.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS. 225
for each place or each combination of places at which sufficiently long series of ob-
• serrations have been made ; and, also, the mean curve for all the observations united.
From this mean curve it has been necessary to exclude the occasional observations made
in polar voyages, and in very high latitudes. The almost daily frequency of the aurora
at such places would unduly inflate the curve for special epochs of observation unless
balanced by continuous observation at the same places during the time of at least one
secular period. For example : the series of observations on the aurora made at Moose
Factory, Cumberland House, Athabasca Lake, Fort Eeliance on Great Slave Lake, Fort
Enterprise, Fort Confidence, Point Barrow, etc., which furnish from 100 to 150 auroras
a year, are necessarily excluded, as the observations continued only two years or less.
The unusual activity displayed by meteorologists during the few years that the Me-
teorological Society of the Palatinate was in operation put on record a large number
of auroras which would otherwise have escaped, and which give an undue preponder-
ance to that brief period.
Mairan, in his unrivalled discussion of the periodicity of the aurora, has exercised a
wide discretion and exhibited the best judgment in the selection of his materials, in-
stead of making an indiscriminate use of all : —
" Par exemple, tout pays oil l'arriere - saison et 1'Hiver ne presentent aux yeux de l'Observateur, pendant des mois
entiers, qu'un Ciel toujours couvert, qu'un temps pluvieux ou charge" de brouillard, doit etre exclus de nos Comparai-
sons et de nos calculs. Car de semblables pays ne pourroient nous fournir dans cette partie de l'annee que quelques
grandes Aurores Bore'ales, et il s'agit ici du nombre plutot que de la grandeur. Eh quel usage faire en ce cas d'une
Comparaison oil l'un des termes seroit si defectueux, et manqueroit quelquefois totalement ? Par une semblable raison
je rejetterai les observations faites dans des pays trop Polaires et oil le Soleil seroit des jours et des mois entiers sur
l'horizon, dans la saison opposee a la precedente ; car il n'y auroit encore alors que les tres-grandes Aurores Bore'ales
qui pussent s'y montrer, tandis qu'on en auroit observe un tres- grand nombre d'autres qui auroient paru en
Hiver." «
For these reasons Mairan omits the observations made by Croyere in the North of
Russia, at Kola, at Kilduin, and on the shores of the frozen sea, two or three degrees
beyond the Polar Circle.
Satisfactory observations on the aurora have been made only during the last one
hundred and fifty years. And even during this choicest period, the number of constant
and systematic observers in the field, as well as their station of observation, has varied.
Sometimes there have been none ; at other times not less than a dozen. These fluct-
uations would have affected the mean curve more injuriously were it not for the fact
that the zeal of observers died out when the auroras died out, and was rekindled again
1 Traite Physique et Historique de rAurore Bore'ale, pp. 488 and 509.
VOL. X. 29
226 ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
as soon as auroras became more frequent and more splendid. How much or how little
our confidence in the mean curve can reasonably be impaired by interruptions in the "
data may be found by comparing the mean curve with the particular curves, for special
places, and also by examining to what extent many observers simply duplicate each
other's observations, without adding to the number of recorded auroras. If an exami-
nation is made of the records of auroras seen since 1700, it reveals the fact that the dis-
plays reached a maximum of frequency about the year 1730. The St. Petersburg
series agrees with the general table (after excluding cases which fall within Mairan's ex-
ceptions) in assigning the maximum to the year 1730. The miscellaneous observations
which Mairan groups under the title of " Philosophical Transactions of London," place
this maximum as early as 1726, and the Wittemberg series as late as 1742, though
there was another inferior maximum in 1731. In Berlin it was the year 1732, in Eng-
land, according to Huxham, it was the year 1736, and in Italy it was the year 1737
which claimed the maximum. The series of auroras observed in Sweden discloses one
maximum in 1730, and another slightly greater in 1741.
This maximum was followed, after an interval of about twenty-five years, by a mini-
mum, which, on the average of all the reliable series, belongs to the year 1758. The
only four series of observations which extend over this period of time correspond
strikingly with each other, as also with the mean. The Cambridge series gives a mini-
mum to the year 1755, the Swedish series to the same year, the St. Petersburg set to
the years 1753-4, and the observations at Abo to the year 1757. Another sudden and
low depression in the year 1766 is worthy of mention. Not a single aurora was ob-
served that year either in Cambridge or St. Petersburg. One was seen in England and
six at Abo, this secondary minimum appearing the next year at Abo, when only four
auroras were observed ; whereas in 1757, the year of the principal minimum, there was
one solitary observation at that place.
About the year 1787 another maximum is reached. The observations made at Abo,
Ratisbon, Prague, Mannheim, and Paris agree separately on the same year as the mean
curve gives. The series of Cambridge, Berlin, and Brussels transfer this maximum to
the year 1786 ; those of Jena, Kendal and Keswick, and Sagan, to the year 1788 ; those
of St. Petersburg to 1786, though a more decided maximum occurred at that place in
the year 1774 ; the observations at New Haven bring this maximum as early as 1781,
but another maximum almost as great is found in the year 1786, whereas those at
Stockholm postpone it to 1790. There is a maximum in the series at Montmorenci in
the year 1787, but a greater one in 1779 ; a maximum appears to have come at least as
early as 1779 at Carlsruhe. At Copenhagen one maximum occurred in 1787, and a
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS. 227
greater one in 1TS2-3. Olmsted 1 placed this maximum somewhere between the limits
of 1760 and 1783, and Loomis decides that its epoch is about 1780. Ussher 2 alludes to
the greater frecpiency of the aurora in 1788 as compared with the preceding half century.
The mean interval between the two grand maxima which I have described is fifty-
seven years. The uninterrupted series at St. Petersburg leaves fifty-six years between
the two maxima, the broken series at Berlin only fifty-four years, and the Huxham and
Dal ton catalogues, combined, only fifty-two years.
A second minimum comes along about the year 1812. No aurora was seen in Salem
between the years 1810 and 1813 inclusive; nor in New Haven between 1808 and
1813 ; nor in Great Britain between the years 1809 and 1813. None is registered for
St, Petersburg between 1809 and 1823 ; nor at Abo between 1806 and 1816. During
the last one hundred and fifty years the aurora has failed utterly of being registered
anywhere on the earth, only in the years 1812 and 1813.
A third grand maximum returns in 1849. The Cambridge observations alone post-
pone it to the year 1852, and the New Haven observations hasten it on as early as 1847.
In New York it was the year 1850 ; in Providence, 1852 ; in Newberry, 1853. In "Wor-
cester the principal maximum was in 1840, but there was another in 1848. The short
series at Dunse exhibits a maximum in 1843, and that at Makerstoun in 1845. In
Christiania there was a maximum in 1852, but a greater one in 1842. In Jakobskavn
the maximum of a few years falls upon 1845. The interval between the second and
third maxima is about sixty-two years. The Cambridge observations alone imply an
interval of sixty-six years, and those of New Haven either sixty-one or sixty-six years,
according to the epoch selected for the earlier maximum. There is no other single
series which spans the long period between these two maxima, the aurora not being
as regularly observed now as formerly at St. Petersburg, and its presence being inferred
from magnetic disturbances rather than from direct observation upon the light itself.
I have been surprised to see no auroras included in the observations at Sitka in 1853,
although there is mention made of many extraordinary magnetic disturbances. 3 Loomis
concludes that the average period is about fifty-eight years. Santini 4 sets it as high as
sixty-five years. This was also the period which Olmsted adopted. Observations in the
Western continent would seem to indicate that the last grand maximum was superior to
its predecessor, while the European observations imply the contrary. The multiplication
of observers, which explains the first fact, only renders the other more mysterious.
Que.telet, who observed at Brussels, adverts to this peculiarity, saying that between 1778
1 Smithsonian Contributions, VIII. 38, 9. 2 Trans. Roy. Irish Acad. 1788, II. 191.
3 Annal. de I'Obserr. Phys. Centrale de Russie, 1853, p. 851, &c. * Wocheuschrift fur Astronomie, Meteorologie, &e. 1862, V. 14.
228 ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
and 17S7 auroras averaged twenty a year ; whereas, between 1832 and 1852, there
were only two a year, and in 1814 and 1815 none. 1
The observations prior to 1700 are so meagre that, instead of taking each year singly,
I have made groups of ten years each, beginning with the year 1309. Neglecting the
observations made at the close of the seventeenth century by Grebner, at Breslau, about
which Forbes himself has great doubts, I can easily select the years 1575, 1625, and
1685, as approximate periods of recurring maxima, the successive intervals from one to
the other, and from the last to 1730, exhibiting a rough agreement with the perio-
dicity derived from observations of the last one hundred and fifty years.
Passing next to still earlier records of the aurora, I may mention the years 585, 675,
805, 815, 995, 1115, 1195, 1355, and 1545 as representing decades in which the number
of recorded auroras ran ahead of the average. No weighty conclusion for or against
the interval, already assigned to the more recent maxima, can be drawn from these
conspicuous decades. For, by varying the interval to any value between fifty-two and
sixty-two years, as might be done consistently with the evidence, and then taking a
larger or smaller multiple of that interval, any decade whatever could be suited
to a maximum. From 1575 back to 1545 is a short interval of only thirty years.
Between 1545 and 1355 there are one hundred and ninety years, which are consist-
ent with three intervals, each of about sixty-three years. From 1355 to 1195 are one
hundred and sixty years, which will divide into three intervals of about fifty-three years
each. Between 1195 and 1115 are eighty years, which might be divided into two inter-
vals of forty years each. Between 1115 and 995 are one hundred and twenty years,
which may contain two intervals of sixty years. From 995 to 845 are one hundred
and fifty years, or three intervals of fifty years. From 845 to 805 there is only one
short interval of forty years. From 805 back to 675 are two intervals of sixty-five
years. From 675 to 585 are two intervals of only forty-five years.
Although the earliest as well as the latest recorded observations of the aurora give
unmistakable evidence of the intermittent character of the phenomenon, it is obvious
that science must rely exclusively upon the observations of the last three hundred
years, and chiefly upon the observations of the last century and a half, for its best deter-
mination of the precise interval between successive maxima. Facts as well as analogy
favor the suspicion that the interval itself may vary from one century to another, though
a variation between forty and sixty years may seem an extravagant supposition. But
for the law of this variation, and, indeed, for any certainty as to the fact of the varia-
i Annates de I'Obserr. Royale de Brux. XI. 42.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS. 229
tion itself, we must wait for centuries of additional observations, unless some happy
generalization, as to the physical cause of auroral displays, shall illuminate and render
transparent the obscure and scanty records of the past
When Mairan published the first edition of his Traite de FAurore Boreale, in 1733, he
pointed out what he supposed to be twenty-two returns (reprises) of the aurora. But
his deductions were based on only 229 auroras, all but 59 observed since 1707. Twenty
of his great returns were therefore predicated upon only 59 recorded appearances, and
were the results of negative rather than of positive evidence. Indeed, in his catalogue,
one observation or a small cluster of observations stamped a year as one of maximum
frequency, the intermediate years being unrepresented in any record. The intervals
between these returns varied from ten to two hundred years. Mairan 1 made no
attempt at discovering a specific interval between the recurring maxima. He says: —
" Depuis le milieu du XII me siecle jusqu'au milieu du XLY 1 ™, je ne trouve rien qui puisse etre pris certainement pour
l'Aurore Boreale Ce qui donneroit, depuis 1157, une interruption au Phenomene de pres de 200 ans
s'il n'etoit a craindre que ce ne soient seulement les Observateurs et les Historiens qui nous manquent"
And again (page 185), Mairan says : —
" Depuis 1621 jusqu'en 1686, c'est-a-dire, dans l'intervalle de plus de 60 anne'es, je ne trouve aucune observation bien
marquee de l'Aurore Boreale, et Ton sait cependant quels Astronomes et quels Observateurs il y a eu pendant ces temps-
la. De sorte que Ton peut compter cette interruption du Phe'nomene comme une des plus longues, entre celles qui sont
le mieux constatees."
In the second edition of Mairan's work, published in 1754, are added 1441 auroras, of
which 302 were prior to 1707. Moreover, between the years 1157 and 1351, where at
first he supposed there was a dismal blank, he has collected from other sources four
examples, and between the years 1621 and 16S6, where he thought there was a per-
fect vacancy, he afterwards placed 81 auroras. Indeed, between the years 1622 and
1634 inclusive there are 49 auroras, and the single year 1629 is a conspicuous
maximum. If Mairan had revised his reprises, in view of the much larger materials he
had in his hands when publishing his second edition, he would no doubt have modified
the epochs to suit his enlarged knowledge; but he had no special occasion to reconsider
that part of his general subject.
Our distinguished foreign associate Hansteen, after noticing the frequency of the
' Traite' Physique et Historique de rAurore Boreale, p. 179-83.
230 ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
aurora about the year 1830, of which he could recall no parallel since the days of his
boyhood or since 1793, adds: —
" Von solclicn Perioden habe icn geglaubt seit dem Jahre 502 vor Christi Geburt bis auf unsere Zeit 24 nachweisen
zu konnen, Ton Tvelehen besonders die neunte, von 541 bis 603, die zwblfte, von 823 bis 887, die zweiundzwanzigste,
von 1517 bis 1588, und die vierundzwanzigste, von 1707 bis 1788 sieh durch ungewbhnlich starke und haufige Nordlich-
ter anszeichneten." l
Hansteen's periods of auroral display vary accordingly from sixty-two years to eighty-
one years. It does not seem to me, however, that such of the periods as he has speci-
fied are those which group the phenomena together most naturally ; and in the case of
the twenty-second period, which he makes to begin in 1707 and end in 1788 and cul-
minate about 1752, it may be objected that the observations indicate one maximum
about 1730 and another about 1790, and a closer approach to a minimum than to a
maximum about 1752. The observations, however, made by Celsius in Sweden, to
which, no doubt, Hansteen attached great weight in forming his opinion, are less de-
cisive on this point than those made at St. Petersburg or Cambridge.
A very cursory glance at the curves which represent the frequency of the aurora
from year to year will detect the influence of other periodical fluctuations shorter than
the secular one and superadded to it. In the year 1803, Hitter of Jena maintained
that the aurora was subject to a periodical variation once in nine or ten years, and that
this short period of the aurora was associated with the period of 18.6 years in the
moon's motion, therefore with the larger nutation-period of the earth's axis, so much
so that the minimum for the aurora corresponded to the largestand smal lest obliquity
of the ecliptic, and the maximum of the aurora to each intermediate mean obliquity
when the longitude of the ascending node of the moon- was 90° or 180'. From all
which Ritter concluded that the connection of the moon with the aurora was unques-
tionable. He predicted such a maximum for the year 180G and another for 1816. 2
I have given in Table LIII. the years of maximum, minimum, and mean obliquities,
and also the years of maximum and minimum frequency in the aurora. The latter are
printed in capitals, where there is a plausible agreement with Eitter's theory. Al-
though the coincidences between the facts and the theory are in some parts remark-
able, the discrepancies are numerous and large : too numerous and too large to be
reconciled with the truth of the theory. It may be stated, for the benefit of any one
who wishes to pursue the comparison further, that the years 1G02, 1611, 1620, 1630,
1 Pogg. Annalen der Physik und Chemie, XXII. 536, 7. 2 Gilbert, Annalen der Physik, XV. 210, 220, and XVI. 226.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
231
1640, 1648, 1658, 1667, 1676, 1685, 1695, and 1704, are, by Hitter's supposition, years
of maximum for the aurora. Hansteen 1 appears to be satisfied with the result of Rit-
ter's prediction for the years 1806 and 1816 ; and he himself adduces the year 1843
as an additional confirmation of the theory. Fritz quotes from Hoslin 2 to the effect
that the latter had advanced a theory similar to Ritter's as early as 1784. Fritz him-
self calls attention to the fact that Ritter's maxima often concur with those of the solar
spots, and that, when they differ, the aurora mounts to at least a secondary maximum
in Ritter's years of mean obliquity, as was conspicuously true of the year 1797. The
year 1830, however, is an exception. But Fritz adds, that about this time the Ritter
and spot maxima were opposed to each other, whereas, in 1769, 1779, and 1788, the
periods of both classes of maxima coincided. 3 Bu'ckman also had intimated that the
great moon-period might determine the recurrence of auroras. 4
table Lin.
Maximum
Mean
Minimum
Maximum
Minimum
Maximum
Minimum
Maximum
Mininum
Maximum
Minimum
Obliquity.
Obliquity.
Obliquity.
Aurora.
Aurora.
Aurora.
Aurora.
Aurora.
Aurora.
Aurora.
Aurora.
1717.3
1722.0
1726.6
Upsal.
St. Peters'g.
Berlin.
Mean.
1731.3
1736.0
1730
1730
1730-3
1730
Mean.
1733-8
1740.6
1741
Upsal.
1742
1742
1741
1745.3
1750.0
1759.3
1754.6
1760
1744
1755
1762
St. Peters'g.
1756
Abo.
1752
1761
Abo.
1757
1758
1764.0
1768.6
1778.0
1773.3
Berlin.
1771
Jena &c.
1779
1774
1766
1768
1774
1765
1779
1774
1779
1766
1782.6
Sweden &c.
1787.3
1792.0
1786
Cambridge.
1791
1786
1791
1787
1787
1796.6
Paris &c.
Salem.
1798
1796
1801.3
1806.0
1799
G. Britain.
1798
1804
New Haven.
1805
1810.6
1811
Carlsruhe.
1811
1810-5
1812-5
1815.3
Archangel.
1817
Salem.
1820.0
1819
1819
1818
1824.6
G. Britain.
1823
New York.
Abo.
1823?
1829.3
1830
1830
1830
Abo.
1830
1834.0
1834
1832-5?
1838.6
Norway.
1840
1843.3
1842
Norway.
1840-5
New York.
Cambridge.
1844
1848.0
1845
Newberry.
1844-5
Cambridge.
1843
1849
1852.6
1852
1853
1852
Worcester.
1857.3
1862.0
Worcester
I860
1856
1856
1
1 Xouveaux Mem. de l'Acad. Royale de Bru:c. XX. 118. 2 Meteorologische und Witterungsbcobachtungen, Tubingen, 1784.
3 Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforsch. Gcsellsehaft in Zurich, X. 230, 258. 4 Gilbert, Annalen der Physik VII. 32.
232
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
In 1851 Lamont 1 announced the discovery of a ten year period in the amplitude of
the diurnal oscillation of the magnetic needle. This discovery reposed on the nice
observations which had been instituted at the Magnetic Observatory of Munich. Ten
years afterwards 2 he assigned the length of this periodical change with greater precis-
ion, making it 10.43 years. The maxima or minima occur in the following years : —
Maximum, 1786.5 I Maximum, 1837.5
Minimum, 1817.0 | Minimum, 1843.0
Maximum, 1848.8
Minimum, 1855.0
Maximum, 1859.5
Sabine 3 soon discovered that this decennial period appeared in the observations made
between 1843 and 1848 at the magnetic observatories of the British Colonies, viz., at
Toronto and Hobarton 3 ; and was applicable not only to the changes in the amplitude
of the diurnal oscillation but to the frequency of the irregular disturbances. Wolf recog-
nized the same law in the magnetic observations made in Prague and Kremsmunster.
Afterwards, Bache 4 discussed the magnetic observations made for two or three years at
the Girard College, in Philadelphia, and detected traces of the decennial period not only
in the changes of the declination but also in those of the luorizontal component of the earth's
magnetic intensity.
The decennial period is approximately the same for all parts of the earth. Hansteen 5
saw it confirmed in his own long series of twenty-five years of magnetic observations
at Christiania ; and, -with Sabine and Lamont, he extended it to the inclination and the
intensity. Hansteen computed the period of the magnetic changes, and found its length
to be 11.33 years. Observations on Terrestrial Magnetism are " defective between the
years 179S and 1813, while Europe was disturbed by war. Still, no doubt remains in
regard to the fact of a nearly decennial fluctuation. The precise period of the oscillation
may be hereafter slightly corrected, and may itself suffer a secular variation.
In the mean while Wolf, 6 now of Zurich, was engaged in studying into the laws of
periodicity of the solar spots. He availed himself of the long and faithful observations
which Schwabe 7 had been making, at Dessau, since 1826. Schwabe himself saw in
1 Sitzungsberichte der Konigl. Bayer. Akad. der Wissensch. za Munchen, 1862, II. Heft II. 71. Pogg. Ann. der Physik und
Chemie, LXXXIV. 572, LXXXV. 412-20, and LXXXVI. 88.
2 Pogg. Ann. der Chemie und Physik, CXVI. 607. Biblioth. Univ. Axchiv. de Nat. et Phys. Sci. XIX. 306.
s Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 1851, 2, and 3.
4 U. S. Coast Survey Reports, 1859 and 1862. Proc. American Assoc, for the Advancement of Science, XIII. 251.
6 Astronomische Nachrichten, XLV. 195.
6 Compt. Rend. XXXV. 364. Astronomische Nachrichten, XXXIV. 159 and XXXV. 369. Mittheil. der Bcrner Naturforsch.
Gesellsch. No. 245, p. 183.
7 Astronomische Nachrichten, XXI. 235.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS. 233
these observations indications of a decennial period, and pointed out the years numer-
ically poorest or richest in solar spots. Wolf changed the length of the period to
11.11 years. Some observations, recently brought to light by Thiele, prove that as
early as 1775 Horrebow had a glimpse of the existence of some law of periodicity in
the frequency of solar spots. 1
Since this first announcement many eyes have watched sedulously the spots upon
the sun, and the archives of science have been ransacked by Wolf and his co-laborers for
old observations. More than eleven hundred volumes, printed or manuscript, have been
searched, and from their pages Wolf 2 has gathered 23000 observed spots, extending over
one hundred and twelve years, between 1749 and 1860. Observations of the solar spots
have been accumulated on 22493 days, viz., on 2143 days in the 17th century, on
5490 days in the 18th century, and on 14860 days in the 19th century.
From these multiplied materials Wolf has been able to write out an almost consecutive
history of the transactions on the sun's surface from the year 1610 to the present moment.
The interval between successive maxima varies between the extremes of 8.2 years and
15.5 years; the same period returning once in 79 or 85 years. The mean length of
the period, derived from the minima alone, is 11.17 years ; and from the maxima alone
11.02 years. The observations anterior to 1750 require a period of 11.15 years. The
great difference between the particular and the mean values of the period made the
year 1788 the year of the real maximum, and also the year of the mean minimum. Wolf
thinks that there is reason to suppose that unusual activity in the forces which develop
the solar spots results also in a diminution of the period between successive maxima. 8
Table LIV. exhibits the years of maxima and minima which Wolf 4 has deduced
from the materials in his hands, and the intervals between them. He calculates that
the formula, —
E x = 1732.823 + z. 11.119,
satisfies best the observed minima, on the presumption that the period is constant.
But the difference between the calculated and observed years of minima amounts
sometimes to more than three years. He substitutes, therefore, for the first formula
another, which recognizes the variability of the period itself 5 : — ■
1 Astronomische Nachrichten, L. 257.
2 Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforsch. Gesellsch. in Zurich, VI. 175. Biblioth. Univ. Archiv. de Nat. et Phys. Sci. X. 260.
3 Astron. Nachr. LIV. 346. Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforsch. Gesellsch. in Zurich, VI. 192. Pogg. Annalen der Physik
and Chemie, CXVH. 505.
4 Pogg. Annalen der Chemie und der Physik, CXVTI. 505. Astronomische Nachrichten, LIII. 338, and LIV. 257.
'Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforsch. Gesellsch. in Zurich, III. 136, IV. 215-17, V. 247-250, VI. 188-190, and X. 355-58.
VOL. X. 30
234
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
E x = 1732.823 + x. 11.119 + 1.621 sin. (146° +x -tt-)+ 1-405 sin. [230° + a; — - ].
10
This was afterwards changed to the following : —
360 360°
E x = 1799.455 + x. 11.153+ 1.621 sin. [290° + x — ] + 1.405 sin. [302° + * — -].
10 •->
Wolf makes the uncertainty in a single epoch by the usual formula, « = y — — -,
equal to 1.575 years for the periods of minima, and 1.870 years for the periods of
maxima. The uncertainty in the value of the mean period is by the maxima alone
equal to .418 of a year, and by the minima alone equal to .336 of a year, according to
the usual formula, r= \/~^~'
TABLE LIV.
Maxima.
Intervals.
Minima.
Intervals.
Maxima.
Intervals.
Minima.
Intervals.
1610.8
1738.5
11.0
1745.0
11.5
1619.0
8.2
1750.0
11.5
1755.7
10.7
1626.0
1634.il
15.0
1761.5
11.5
1766.5
10.8
1645.0
11.0
1770.0
8.5
1775.8
9.3
1G55.0
10.0
1779.5
9.5
1784.8
9.0
1666.0
11.0
1788.5
9.0
1798.5
13.7
1675.0
1679.5
13.5
1804.0
15.5
1810.5
12.0
1685.0
10.0
1689.5
10.0
1816.8
12.8
1823.2
12.7
1693.0
8.0
1698.0
8.5
1829.5
12.7
1833.8
10.6
1705.0
12.0
1712.0
14.0
1837.2
7.7
1844.0
10.2
1717.5
12.5
1723.0
11.0
1848.6
11.4
1856.2
12.2
1727.5
10.0
1733.5
10.5
1860.5
11.9
1868.3 l
Wolf says of his last formula : —
" Iinrnerhin gebe ich sie nur als einen ersten Versueh, und behalte mir vor, in der Folgezeit, sei es ihre Constanten
nock etwas abzuandern, sei es dureh Zufugen weiterer Glieder ein nock besseres Anschmiegen zu erzielen."
What gave extraordinary interest to these two apparently insulated discoveries, the
first in the Physics of the Globe and the second in Astronomy, was the additional one
that they were intimately associated with each other, the maximum of magnetic dis-
turbance occurring simultaneously with the maximum frequency in the solar spots.
This latter discovery was made almost at the same time by Sabine, Wolf, Secchi, 2 and
Gautier, 3 though Gautier admits that Sabine had the priority in time. With Sabine,
i Predicted. 2 Arago, Astronomie, II. 180. Pogg. Ann. der Physik und Chemie, CXVII. 503.
8 Biblioth. Univ. Archiv. de Nat. et Phys. Sei. XX. 189, XXXVI. 185. Also, Bib. Univ., Nouvelle Period II. 365, and V. 296.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
235
Secchi, and Gautier the conclusion rested on the comparison of recent observations both
of the solar spots and of the magnetic disturbances. Wolf has pursued the subject
farther, and coupled with his long list of years numerically rich or poor in solar spots
such observations on the amplitude of the diurnal oscillation of the magnetic needle as
he was able to hunt up. The result of his investigation is contained in Table LV. In
the case of the Declination and the Inclination, the maxima and minima of the magnetic
changes coincide nearly with the maxima and minima of the solar spots. But in the
variations of the Horizontal component of the Magnetic Force the maxima fall upon the
same years as the minima of the solar spots. 1
TABLE LV.
Spot
Magnetic
Magnetic
Spot
Magnetic
Magnetic
Maximum.
Maximum.
Maximum.
Minimum.
Minimum.
Minimum.
Wolf.
Wolf.
Lamont.
Wolf.
Wolf.
Lamont.
1750.0
1761.5
1755.7
1770.0
1766.5
1779.5
1775.8
1788.5
1787.2
1786.5
1796.5
1784.8
1784.5
1791.3
1804.0
1803.5
1798.5
1799.0
1816.8
1817.5
1817.0
1810.5
1829.5
1829.7
1829.0
1823.2
1823.8
1823.3
1837.2
1837.7
1837.5
1833.8
1848.0
1848.9
1848.8
1844.0
1844.2
1843.0
1860.2
1860.0
1859.5
1856.2
1856.3
1855.0
It will be seen from Table LV. that Wolf and Lamont are not agreed as to the exact
times of the magnetic maxima and minima. Wolf maintains that the periodicity of
the magnetic changes is the same as that of the solar spots, viz., 11.11 years ; while
Lamont insists on his original period of 10.43 years for the magnetic fluctuations. Wolf' 2
divides the whole interval between 1786 and 1860 into six periods of very unequal
length ; Lamont divides the same interval into seven periods of equal length. Hence
Lamont has a maximum in 1796.5, and a minimum in 1791.3, the maximum nearly
coinciding with Wolf's minimum of 1798.5. Sabine 3 concurs with Lamont in thinking
that a period of 10 years fits the magnetic movements better than a period of 11 years.
Hansteen, on the contrary, deduced from his own observations at Christiania a period
for the magnetic inclination and intensity which conformed to Wolf's period of 11.11
l Vicrteljahrsschrift der Naturforseh. Gesellsch. in Zurich, V. 240, 1 ; Pogg. Annalcn der Chemie und Physik, CXVII. 505-8.
J Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforseh. Gesellseh. in Zurich, II. 293, and X. 160.
'Magnetical and Meteorological Observations at St. Helena, II 136.
236 ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
years more exactly than to Lamonfs period of 10.43 years, or Sabine's of only 10 years. 1
Wolf claims that the phenomena of the earth's magnetism run parallel with those of the
sun's spots not only in their general march but in all their exceptional digressions.
Lamont reposes less confidence than Wolf in the earlier observations not only of the
sun's spots but also of the magnetic elements ; and in this opinion the astronomer John-
son - appears to coincide. Lamont admits merely a general resemblance without any
minute coincidence in the progress of the two classes of phenomena. His words are : —
" Das jedenfalls merkwiirdige Zusamrnentreffen der Maxima und Minima bei den magnetischen Bewegungen und den
Sonuenllecken kann hiernack als ein eigentUcher Causal-Xexus nickt crkauut wtrden, &e." 8
Wolf insists that his formula,
B= 6.273 +0.051 a,
in which B is the variation in magnetic declination and a the relative number of spots,
represents the magnetic observations at Munich, from 1S35 to 1850 inclusive, as ac-
curately as Lamont's formula for the declination derived from the observations them-
selves, —
B = 8'.70 -4- 2'.1 sin. [72°.58 + n. 34°.84],
(n) being the years elapsed since the epoch, 1848. Wolf afterwards modified this
formula, and obtained similar ones for other localities. 4
W. Herschel and Gruithuisen inferred from then- own comparisons that an abun-
dance of solar spots was accompanied with an increase in the mean temperature of the
earth. Arago arrived at the opposite conclusion from observations made at Paris be-
tween the years 1826 and 1851. Secchi's observations in Rome corresponded with
Ai-ago's conclusion. Wolf has renewed the incpoiry, and with enlarged materials has
sought to reconcile the apparent incongruity here exposed by the fact that between
the years 1760 and 1802 the mean temperature was highest in years rich in solar
spots, whereas the opposite rule held between the years 1803 and 1847. On this sub-
ject a paper by Gautier 5 of Geneva may be consulted to advantage. It will be a
wonderful fact, whenever it is established, that changes in the number and activity of
> Bulletin de l'Acad. Royale de Brux. 2 S. VI. 358, 9. 2 Memoirs of the Astronomical Society of London, XXVI. 201 .
8 Sitzungsberichte der Koniglich. Bayer. Akad. der Wissensch. 1862, II. Heft II. 74.
4 Vierteljahrsschrift der Natnrforsch. Gesellsch. in Zurich, IV. 222, 223, VI. 416, IX. 120, and X. 361.
6 Annales de Chimie et de Physique, XII. 57-67 ; Bibliotheque Universelle, LI. 327.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS. 237
the solar spots, which produce none or at most a doubtful disturbance in the earth's
temperature, have written themselves plainly out in the history of the earth's magnet-
ism and of the aurora. 1
" Who would Lave supposed a few years ago," asks Wolf, " that any terrestrial phenomena could have been studied by
watching only the spots upon the sun ? "
In view of the possible connection between the aurora and the solar spots, the fol-
lowing quotation from Mairan 2 is significant : —
" Et ne pourroit-on point decouvrir quelque analogie entre la frequence, les cessations et les retours des ces Taches
et les apparitions, les retours et les cessations de la Lumiere Zodiacal ?
" C'etoit assez Ie sentiment de feu M. Cassini, ' Notre lumiere, dit-il, dans son Discours sur ce Phenomene, pourroit
avoir les vicissitudes qu'ont les Taches du Soleil, qui se formeut en certains temps et se dissipent en d'autres; et, c'est une
chose assez remarkable, que depuis la fin de l'annee 1688, que cette lumiere a commence de s'affoiblir, il n'a plus paru
de Taches dans le Soleil, oil les annees pre'ce'dentes elles e'toient assez frequentes ; ce qui semble appuyer en quelque
maniere les conjectures exposees aux nombres 21 et 22, que cette Lumiere peut venir du meme ecoulenient que les
Taches et les Faculesdu Soleil. . . . Ce qui paroit fa voriser cette idee, c'est que depuis cinq & six ans que les Aurore
Boreales, suite ordinaire, selon notre hypothese, des grandes extensions de cet Air, sont devenues si frequentes, les Taches
du Soliel l'ont ete aussi beaucoup. On sait encore qu'au commencement du dernier siecle, apres l'invention des lunettes,
on ne voyoit presque jamais le Soleil sans Taches ; et il en avoit quelquefois des amas si considerables, que le P.
Scheiner dit y en avoir compte une fois jusqu'a cinquante. Elles devinnrent ensuite plus rares : de maniere que depuis
le milieu du siecle jusqu'en 1670, c'est-a-dire, dans l'espace d'une vingtaine d'annees, on n'en put trouver qu'une ou deux
et qui parurent mcme fort peu de temps. Or comme nous l'avons vu, il y eut un grand nombre d'Aurores Boreales au
commencement de ce siecle, et jusques au deli de 1621 ; apres quoi Ton n'en entend plus parler jusqu'en 1686. Cepen-
daut il faut avouer qu'il n'y a encore rien de solide a etablir sur cette correspondance apparente, et qu'elle ne se soutient
pas toujours egalement. Car les annees qui suivirent 1621, 1622, &c, et oil Ton dut redoubler d'attention pour la Lumiere
Septentrionale, purent peu marquees par l'apparition de ce Phenomene, quoique les Taches du Soleil y fussent en aussi
grande abondance que jamais, comme onle voit dans leP. Scheiner.'"
In 1831 Littrow 3 hinted that the northern lights, like the solar spots, submitted to
laws of periodicity. Again in 1853, Stevenson i cited his own observations on the
aurora, made at Dunse, North Britain, as favoring the hypothesis of a minimum in 1843,
synchronously with the minimum in the solar spots and the magnetic disturbances.
After Fritz had accumulated sixty-three hundred observed auroras, he draws
thirteen secular curves, one for the whole year and one also for each month : 5 in
order to compare the maxima and minima of these curves with those of another
1 Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforsch. Gesellsch. IV. 217-23 ; VI. 182.
2 Traite' Physique et Historique de l'Aurore Borcale, p. 264. 8 Vermischte Schriften, im Aufsatze ueber das Nordlicht.
4 Proceedings of the Royal Society of London.VI. 291.
6 Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforsch. Gesellsch. in Zurich, Jahrgang VIII. 108.
238 ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
curve the ordinates of which represent the various richness of the years in solar spots.
The most conspicuous maxima of the aurora-curve are in the years 1730, 1769, 1779,
1788, 1839 and 1848 : of the spot-curve, they are in the years 1769, 1779, 1787, 1837
and 1848. The principal minima of the aurora-curve are in the years 1758 and 1809-
13: the most decided minima of solar-spots are in the years 1755 and 1810. Fritz
thinks it probable that the secular period embraces, on the average, five of the eleven-
year periods or 55.55 years.
Wolf 1 draws a secular curve through the summits of the undulations expressing
the relative numbers of solar spots, and its maxima appear in the years 1779 and 1837,
and its minima in 1816 and 1860. He draws another secular curve through the lowest
points of the undulations and the maxima occur in 1775 and 1833-4, and the minima
in 1810 and 1856. The long swell is equal to five or six of the short waves. Car-
rington 2 explains the smaller elevation of the summits of the secular curve of the
solar spots in the latter part of the last century, when compared with the summits of
the present century, by improvements in telescopes or by an increase in the number
of observers.
The eleven-year period of the spots rides also on the back of the secular curve of the
aurora, these subordinate maxima and minima of the two phenomena coinciding. The
years 1723, 1733, and 1745, which are known approximately to be spot minima, are
also deficient in auroras. Such exceptions as appear in the interval between 1813
and 1820 Fritz explains by the incompleteness of the catalogues, particularly that of
the aurora. The interval between the two grand maxima of 1788 and 1839 is fifty-
one years ; between those of 1730 and 1788 is fifty-eight years. The average of the
two intervals is fifty-four and one-half years. If the year 1848 is substituted for the
year 1839 as that of the last great maximum, the first interval will be increased to
sixty years and the mean of the first and second to fifty-nine years. Although Wolf con-
siders the coincidences just mentioned between the spots and the aurora as proving the
cosmical origin of the latter, he objects to the theory of Mairan and Olmsted, which would
associate it with the zodiacal light and meteors, that such years as 533, 763, 1096, 1766,
1799, 1833-4, which swarmed with shooting-stars, are in no way remarkable for auroras.
The secular period of the meteors is only 33-4 years. However, five of these periods
contain about the same number of years as three of the secular periods of the aurora.
Wolf draws a secular curve for the aurora which he calls the European curve.
1 Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforsch. Gessellsch. in Zurich. VI. 190, 1.
3 Monthly Notices of the London Astronomical Society, XX. 282.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREA1IS. 239
The exclusion of the observations gathered in Arctic expeditions makes the anomalous
maximum of the year 1821 disappear from this curve. He then draws another curve
from the Swiss observations alone, which he thinks conforms still more exactly to the
secular curve of the solar spots. He quotes the Swiss Chronicles of Vogel to the effect
that in the year 677 the aurora was seen in that country for ten successive nights : so
extraordinary an event for that locality that Wolf thinks there can be no doubt that
that year was one of the grand maxima. Also, between the years 1560 and 1583 the
aurora was seen very frequently. The whole interval between the years 1788 and
1568 contains four periods of fifty-five years and twenty periods of eleven years each.
The whole interval between the years 1568 and 677 contains sixteen intervals of
55.69 years, and eighty intervals of 11.14 years each. The long interval between
1788 and 677 contains twenty intervals of 55.55 years, and one hundred intervals
of 11.11 years. On the other hand, Olmsted's period of 65 years would introduce
a minimum instead of a maximum into the year 1568. As Wolf's period is about
six-sevenths of Olmsted's period, the two will concur in making the same year a maxi-
mum once in about three hundred and ninety years; for example, in the years 1788
and 1398. Fritz 1 argues for another grand maximum in the year 1505 or 1516 : but
the evidence is far from being conclusive.
After Fritz 2 had extended his catalogue of auroras to eighty-four hundred he arranged
them in three separate groups according to the geographical position of the observer,
and then compared the number for each year between 1824 and 1861 with Wolf's rela-
tive numbers of solar spots. Though a general parallelism between the two phenomena
prevailed, the alternations in the aurora lagged behind the corresponding ones in the solar
spots. As soon as Fritz's 3 catalogue of auroras had reached ninety-five hundred, embrac-
ing 40000 observations, he again made a table of comparisons between the number of
auroras in each year and the relative number of solar spots, extending the comparison
to the interval between the years 1700 and 1861 : and making it, not only for the
observations in the aggregate, but also separately for the auroras observed in distinct
zones of latitude. He finally settles down upon the years 1730, 1788, and 1848, as
those of the grand maxima, and the years 1700, 1758 or 1766, and 1811 or 1812, as
the years of the grand minima. The secondary maxima and minima which he de-
duces from those series of observations which he considers most complete are ex-
hibited in Table LVL.
1 Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforsch. Gessellsch. in Zurich. X. 162.
2 Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforsch. Gessellsch. in Zurich. IX. 122
3 Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforsch. Gessellsch. in Zurich. X. 232-5.
240
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
TABLE LVI.
Maximum.
Mean.
Period.
Spot Maximum.
Minimum.
Mean.
Period.
Spot Minimum.
1707
1707
1706
1700
1698
1719-23
1721
14.00
1718
1714
14.00
1712
1726-30
1728
7.00
1728
1724
10.00
1723
1735-41
1738
10.00
1739
1733
9.00
1733
1747-52
1749
11.00
1750
1745
12.00
1745
1759-61
1760
11.00
1761
1758
13.00
1755
1769 1
9.00
1770
1766
8.00
1766
1779
10.00
1779
1776
10.00
1776
1788
9.00
1788
1785
9.00
1785
1802-5
1804
16.00
1804
1796
11.00
1799
1814-19
1816
12.00
1817
1811
15.00
1811
1829 or
1830
14.00
LS.'ill
1823
12.00
1823
1837-41
1839
9.00
1837
1834
11.00
1834
1848
9.00
1848
1842
8.00
1844
1859
11.00
1860
1856
14.00
1856
10.90
11.14
Adopting 55.6 years as the mean secular period, and moving backward from the
year 1788, Fritz calculates the average years of the earlier grand maxima, and then
compares them with Mairan's Rcjmscs, which were deduced from old recorded observa-
tions.
The results are given in Table LVII.
TABLE LVII.
No.
Mairan.
Fritz.
Period.
No.
Mairan.
Fritz.
Period.
1
400
399
12
1157
1177
2
450
455
56
13
1351
1344
167
3
502
511
56
14
1461-65
1455
111
4
560-600
566
55
15
1520
1511
56
5
770-75
788
222
16
1554
6
859
844
56
17
1560-64
7
900
899
55
18
1574-75
1566
55
8
990
1011
112
19
1621
1622
56
9
1039
1066
55
20
1686
1677
55
10
1098-1104
21
1707-10
11
1116
1122
56
22
1716-32
1733
56
After confessing and explaining away, as far as possible, some discrepancies and
inconsistencies revealed by these comparisons, Fritz concludes with the following
proposition : —
" Dass fur das mittlere Europa das Nordlicht eine periodische Erscheinung ist, deren Perioden einer mittleren
Lange von 55.6 Jahren entsprechen, welche in ihren Starken jedoch wieder grosseren Perioden unterworfen sind ;
dass die grosseren Perioden von 55.6 Jahren wieder in untergeordnete von etwa 11.11 Jahren zerfallen, und dass
1 Mit einer nachfolgenden Erhohung von 1774, so dass man in Mittel auf 1771 kiime, p. 241.
OS THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS. 241
endlich 'las Nordlicht in einem innigen Zusammenhange und parallalen Gauge mit der Sonnenfleekenbildung steht
und zwar in der Weise, dass zur Zeit der reichsten Flcckenbildung das Nordlicht am h'aufigsten auftritt und
umgekehrt die Minima Zusammenstimmen und dass, wShrend bci den Sonnenflecken die Hauptniasima sieh weniger
auszeichnen, dies bei den Nordlicbtern weit entschiedener der Fall istu"
Herschel 2 pays a just tribute to the magnitude and the value of these researches of
Wolf and Fritz and recognizes the fact that the secular period of fifty-six years suits
the observations upon the aurora better than that of sixty-five years.
If the isochronism supposed to exist between the disturbances of the sun's atmos-
phere, the fluctuations of terrestrial magnetism, and the displays of the aurora were
satisfactorily demonstrated, the question naturally arises which of the three is cause
and which is effect, or whether all three are not independent effects of some general
cause. The spots upon the sun have been called mirrors in which the reflex influence
of the planets upon that luminary could be seen. An English writer, Grey, has said
that he called upon a friend to ascertain by computation whether there was any pe-
riod in the movements or conjunctions of the heavenly bodies which could throw light
on the eleven-year period of the solar spots. His friend responded that Mercury and
Venus would come into conjunction with each other on the same side of the sun once
in every 11.08 years. 3 Reichenbach has alluded to the fact that Jupiter's period is
nearly equal to the spot period, and that the maxima of solar disturbance approximate
to the times of Jupiter's passage through the aphelion. 4
If there is an annual periodicity in the frequency of the sun's spots, suggesting the
earth's variable action upon the sun at different seasons of the year, may not the
other planets also exert a similar influence. Wolf has asked and answered this
. question. Expressing the comparative influence of a planet over the sim by 5, he
computes the following weights as exponents of the activity of the most important
planets in this direction : —
Mercury = 0.4 7
Venus = 1.68
Earth = 1.00
Mars = 0.06
Jupiter = 12.53
Saturn = 1.12
Uranus = 0.04
Neptune = 0.04
The ordinate of the curve which represents the disturbance produced upon the sun's
surface by these planets is calculated by this formula : —
M =A -f B (1.68 sin. 585°.26t -f 1.00 sin. 360°t + 12.53 sin. 30°.35t -f 1.12 sin. 12*.22t).
1 Vierteljalirsschrift der Naturforsch. Gessellsch. in Zurich. X. 258.
? The Quarterly Journal of Science. I. 229. 3 Phil. Mag. Fourth Series, XX. 246 and 271.
•* Amer. Journ. Sci. Second Series, XXV. 296.
VOL. X. 31
242 ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
The constants A and B are computed by the method of least squares and found to be
50.31 and 3.73. This formula gives results which exhibit a rough agreement with tin-
relative number of solar spots observed between the years 1836 and 1839, but tin-
discrepancies between the conclusions of theory and observation, which are great in-
deed for the whole interval between 1850 and 1858, are enormous in the years 1834
and 1835. The period of Jupiter, which is 11.86 years, enters largely into the calcu-
lated disturbance, but this alone fails to explain satisfactorily the periodicity of the
solar spots, the duration of which is 11.11 years. It is intimated by Wolf that the
tropical revolution of Jupiter may possibly match the period of the solar spots ex-
actly, since the great oblateness of that planet must produce a large amount of
precession in the equinoxes. But he decides that the observations of the sun's spots
are better satisfied by his period of 11.11 years than they can be by Jupiter's period
of 11.86 years, orLamont's period of 1043 years; the first period being nearly the
mean of the two other periods. 1
The term in the formula which comes next in importance to that of Jupiter is one
depending on the mass and distance of Venus from the sun. The period of this term
is 7.65 months; and it causes, as Wolf supposes, the subordinate swell in the annual
curve of solar spot frequency, the period of which is about .637 of a year. If the
solar spots are in any way associated with the aurora, this almost semi-annual period
may correspond to that portion of the second terms, in the formulas given on page 211
of this memoir, which cannot be explained by differences in the duration of daylight.
De la Rue - has endeavored to obtain evidence of planetary influence on the be-
havior of the solar spots by measuring their area under different exposures. He finds
changes depending on the variable configuration of the heavens, Jupiter exercising a
great though not a predominating influence. The period of about twenty months
which he deduces from the observations, points to Venus as the most influential
planet, this period being not unlike the time of the synodical revolution of this
planet.
The possible dependence of the spot-periods on the united influence of all the
planets has been discussed by Schmidt 3 with this result, — that the periods of max-
ima concur with the times when the centre of gravity of the solar system is in the
surface of the sun, and the periods of minima with the times when the centre of
1 Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforsch. Gesellsch. in Zurich, II. 353, IV. 73 and X. 161.
2 Researches in Solar Physics, Second Series, p. 42, 3.
3 Resultate aus eilf jahrrigen Beobacht. neber Sternschnuppen.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREAUS.
243
gravity is farthest removed from the surface, either inwards or outwards. Peters '
refutes the proposition, by introducing Neptune into the account in calculating the
position of the centre of gravity.
Dove has found traces of a decimal period in the fluctuations of the mean annual
temperature of the earth. 2 Kluge deduces from his own investigations the conclu-
sion that a period of about 11.11 years governs the frequency of volcanic eruptions
and earthquakes, but in such a way that the minima of these outbreaks occur in
years most distinguished by an abundance of solar spots and frequent magnetic
disturbances. 3
l Astronomische Nachrichten. 2 London Athenaeum for 1866, p. 236.
3 Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforsch. Gesellsch. in Zurich, IX 266 and X. 252.
SECOND GENERAL CATALOGUE OF AURORAS.
B. C.
434.
176.
159.
87.
84.
A. D.
551?
590.
610.
793.
905.
978.
992.
1097.
1117.
1122.
Oct. 20.
April 12.
Oct. 26.
Feb. 17.
Matthew, Penseyv
Short. 1
Short.
Short.
Short.
Short.
Westminster.
Short. 8
China.
Short.
Short.
Zurich ? Vogel, Wolf. 4
Maier, Frobes ? 5
Einsiedeln. Kuhn. 8
Short.
'A General Chronological History of the Air, Weather, &c.
H. 178.
3 Annals of Philosophy, IX. 250.
5 The Aurora was seen on three nights.
Vierteljahrsschrift der Xaturfoisch. Gesellsch. in Zurich, II.
83 and 401.
5 Robert Monachi Historia Hierosol. Lib. V. Comm. Acad.
Scient. Petrop, 1726, I. 366.
6 Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforsch. Gesellsch. in Zurich, XI.
112. If this date is in old style, the Aurora may be the same as
that of Feb. 22.
1128. Nov. 25. Bohemia? Stmadt. 1
1130. Jan. 13. Bohemia? Strnadt.
" Sept. 2. Bohemia? Strnadt.
" Oct. 8. Bohemia? Strnadt.
1132. Jan. 21. Bohemia? Strnadt.
1138. May 18. Bohemia? Strnadt.
" Oct. 13. Bohemia? Strnadt.
" " 14. Bohemia? Strnadt.
1139. March 14, Bohemia? Strnadt.
1177. Nov. Short.
" Dec. Short.
1189. Short.
1193. England?
1194. England.
1347. Short.
1460. Jan. 13. Bohemia? Strnadt.
1560. Dec. 28. Mark, Brandenburg. Beckmann.
1562. March 23. Rauner."
1564. Short.
" Feb. 15. Scotland*
" " 18. Scotland.
1 Chronolog. Verzeichn. d. Naturgebenhen in Bohmen.
s Neubrigensis Chronica Rerum Anglicarum, IV. 36.
'Wochenschriftfiir Astronomie, Meteorologie, &c. NeueFolge,
VII. 230.
4 Wolf quotes Chasma Coeli, Erffurdt.
'Burton, in his History of Scotland, refers to Knox's History.
II. 417.
244
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
1571.
1572.
1574.
1575.
*1575.
1603.
1604.
a
1607.
*1621.
# u
1637.
tt
1646.
1658.
1678.
16S0.
*1704.
*1707.
«
u
#
* «
*1708.
Aug. 4.
Jan. 28.
Oct. 8.
Feb. 7.
March 13.
Aug. 6.
Dec. 7.
" 19.
Feb. 23.
Feb. 3.
Sept. 12.
Feb. 6.
Oct. 13.
Oct. 29.
May 31.
Dec. 28.
Feb. 12.
a jo.
March 17.
« 17.
" 18.
" 20.
Aug. .16.
" 17?
Oct. 27.
Nov. 24.
« 27.
Aug. 20.
London. 1
Bohemia? Strnadt.
Short.
Yindemia. Maier, Frobes. 2
Awrberg. Liithardt, Wolf. 8
Bohemia ? Strnadt.
Meyenfeld, Basler, Wolf.
Zurich ? Vogel, Wolf.
Meyenfeld ? Basler, Wolf.
Bohemia? Strnadt.
Zurich ? Vogel, Wolf.
Mairan, Wolf. 4
Zurich, &c. Basler, Wolf. 5
Aix. Gassendus, Frobes.
Occ it a n ia. Dub amel.*
Mark. Beckmann.
Mark. Beckmann.
Murk. Beckmann.
Kirch/ Wolf.
Copenhagen. Happel. 8
Copenhagen. Bomer, 9 Liebknecht.
Wollfius, Weidler, Beuss.
Sehomberg. Seidelius.
Copenhagen. Bomer.
Berlin. Kirch, Leibnitz. 10
Tunica, Bothnia. Scheller.
Breslau. Happel.
Breslau. Ilappel.
Tornea, Bothnia. Scheller. 11
Tornea, Bothnia. Scheller.
Beuss.
Thompson and Filgram.
'"—the Londoners were in the streets gazing at a huge arch in
the sky, which seemed to span the city, and filled their hearts
with terrors of approaching change." — Fronde's History of
England, X. 258.
2 He quotes Marcellus Squarcialupus.
3 Vierteljahrsschrift der Xaturforsch. Gesellsch. in Zurich, I.
197, V. 327.
4 Wolf quotes Mairan, and Mairan quotes Kirch. Is this not
the Aurora of Marcli 3 ? Compare Mairan.
5 Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforsch. Gesellsch. in Zurich,
IV. 389.
6 Opera Philos. Tom. I. Lib. de Meteoris L. I. Cap. IV. p.
327.
" Wolf quotes Neue Himmelszeitung.
s Denckwurdigkeiten der Welt.
9 MisceUan. Berolin, 1. 131, 133, et 135.
' 10 Comment. Hist. Acad. Reg. Scient. Paris, 1707.
u Disput. de Chasmate sive Aurora Boreali, p. 18.
*r
"08.
Aug.
21.
Thompson.
*
a
Sept.
15.
Pilgram.
*
it
Sept.
22.
Leipsie, Nawmburg, ami Zeitz.
*
tt
tt
22.
Jena and Halle. Wollfius. 1
*r
"09.
Oct.
18.
Durham, 'England,
#
it
Dec.
19.
Marienburg, Prussia.
i
no.
May
29.
Leeds. Thoresby. 2
#
it
Dec.
7.
Giessen. Liebknecht. 8
*i
-11.
March as.
Brisach. Frobes. 4
*i
"14.
Oct.
15.
Berne. Frobes. [Probably a mi -
teor].
i
716.
Feb.
X.
Upsal. Frobes. 5 [Omitted by
Mairan.]
it
March 16.
Murk. Beckmann, Wolf.
*
It
u
17.
Nor coping. Oxelgren. 6
*
it
a
17.
Beuss, Pilgram.
*
it
u
17.
Prussia. Pater.
#
it
n
17.
Leipsie. Gemynius. 7
•
it
i.
17.
Helmstadt. Wagner
•
it
n
17.
Brunswick.*
•
tt
n
17.
Hullierstiidt, Halle.
*
a
it
17.
Saxony. Wollfius.
•
it
iC
17.
Lomme. Schmidems.
•
a
a
17.
Eisleben. Boetticherus.
•
it
u
17
Giessen, Hessen. Liekbknecht.
•
a
tt
17.
France and G. Britain.
•
a
tt
17.
Weidler.
tt
March 24.
Siritzerland? Scheuchzer. Wolf.'
#
it
Apri
11.
"Paris. Cassini, Beuss.
*
a
n
12.
Paris. Cassini.
*
a
a
13.
Paris. Weidler. 10
■
a
May
1.
Giessen. Liebknecht. Beuss. 11
*
a
a
2.
Giessen. Liebknecht. 12
i Acta Erudit. Lips. 1708, p. 526.
2 Phil. Trans. XXVII. 322. It is doubtful whether this
was an aurora, though Thompson so regards it in his Meteor
ology.
; Acta Erudit. Lips. 1711, p. 325.
•Acta Phys. Med. Artific. Litt. Uratislav. 1717, I. 165.
5 Acta Litt. Sueciae, I. 568.
6 Celsius, Observ. de Lumine Boreali, p. 1.
" Kurze Bescreibung der Xeuen Wunder-Erscheinung des
Xord-Lichts, &c.
BActa Erudit Lips. 1716 pp. 357, 361, and 365.
9 Xaturhistorie des Schweizerlandes.
i°Me'm. de l'Acad. Paris, 1716, p. 122.
11 Was not this a meteor ?
^Syrmatum et Coruscationum Borealium in Horizonte
Gisseno observ. Pescriptio.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
245
Giessen. Liebknecht.
Giessen. Liebknecht.
Giessen. Liebknecht.
Paris. Maraldi, Reuss.
Paris. Maraldi, Reuss.
Reuss. [Also Jan. G,9,10,aud 11.]
Paris. Maraldi.
Paris. Maraldi, Reuss.
Paris. Maraldi, Reuss, Weidler. 1
Paris. Maraldi, Reuss.
Silesia and Lusatia. Fisher. 2
Polen, Prussia, and Hungary.
Gottschling. 3
Reuss.
Upsal. Burman. 4
Marseilles. Gemynius. 6
Schyllberg, Nericia. Hiorter.
SchylXberg. Hiorter, Reuss.
Bohemia. Gemynius. 6
Copenhagen.
Mark. Beckmann, Wolf.
Silesia and Prussia. Frobes.
Schyllberg. Hiorter.
Mark. Beckmann, Wolf.
Zurich. Kirch.
Zurich. Kirch.
Bohemia? Frobes.
St. Martin, Antillas? Frobes.
Oli I a a. Frobes.
Schyllberg. Hiorter.
Schyllberg. Hiorter, Reuss.
Mark. Beckmann, Wolf.
Schyllberg. Hiorter.
Reuss.
Schyllberg. Hiorter.
Reichstadt, Bohemia. Rost.
Mark. Beckmann, Wolf.
Silesia.
18. Schyllberg. Hiorter.
" 30. Schyllberg. Hiorter.
* " " 31. Germany. Frobes.
'Acta Erudit. Leipsic, 1717, p. 270, 1721, p. 168.
- De Insolito quodam Phoenomeno Kesraarkini &<:. viso.
3 Meteorologia Sacra.
* Acta Litt. Sueciae, I. 566.
5 Gedancken uber den zu Leipsic, &c, entstandenen Nord-
schein.
"Acta Uratislav. 1718, p. 670.
7 Acta Phys. Uratislav. 1718, p. 810, 999, 1077, and 1901.
*1
716.
May 3.
#
(t
4.
#
ii
" 5.
#
tt
Dec. 15.
#
a
" 16.
*1
717.
Feb. 16.
#
a
April 6.
*
(l
9.
*
(t
" 10.
*
a
" 11.
#
u
Aug. 21.
*
a
21.
*
a
« 21.
*
a
Sept. 20.
*
a
Oct. 1.
*1
718.
Feb. 5.
#
it
14.
#
a
March 4.
*
U
" 4.
*
it
" 4.
*
it
" 4.
#
a
" 15.
#
a
" 18.
#
it
" 19.
*
it
« 21.
#
it
« 22.
#
it
April 2.
#
tt
May 11.
#
tt
June 8.
#
a
Aug. 28.
#
a
Sept. 16.
#
tt
" 16.
#
a
Oct. 11.
#
a
" 23.
#
tt
" 27.
*
tt
Nov. 2.
#
tt
« 23.
*
tt
Dec. 17.
#
a
« 1 8.
*1719.
Feb.
23.
Marseilles. Hermann. 1
#
a
Marcl
5.
Switzerland. Scheuchzer.
#
a
a
5.
Bohemia, Silesia, Saxony.
*
a
tt
5.
Franconia, Schicabia, Italy.
#
it
it
6.
Marseilles. Hermann.
#
tt
a
30.
Whiston, Reuss. 2
#
a
April
9.
England, Belgium.
*
a
a
9.
France. Frobes.
#
tt
tt
10.
England, Belgium.
#
a
a
10.
France. Frobes.
#
a
a
18.
Paris. Frobes. 8
#
a
Sept.
25.
Lithuania. Frobes.
#
a
Oct.
27.
Berlin and Magdburg. Frobes
#
tt
a
30.
Bohemia and Silesia. Frobes.
#
a
Nov.
X.
Appenzell. Scheuchzer. 4
*
a
a
14.
Reichstadt, Bohemia. Frobes.
*
a
a
17.
Marseilles. Frobes.
#
a
tt
21.
Reuss.
#
a
tt
22.
Madgburg. Frobes.
#
a
a
24.
Bohemia, Silesia, Saxony.
*
tt
it
24.
Marchia.
#
a
Dec.
1.
Magdburg. Frobes.
tt
tt
2.
Frobes, Halley, Weidler. 6
#
a
a
22.
Reuss.
*1720.
Jan.
1.
Gothia, Sweden. Gardell.
*
a
a
1.
Celsius.
#
tt
Feb.
6.
Paris. Maraldi, Louville, Reuss. 8
#
a
ii
6.
Mark. Beckmann.
#
a
ii
10.
Paris. Maraldi, Reuss.
#
tt
ii
10.
Mark. Beckmann.
*
it
ii
11.
Paris. Maraldi, Reuss.
it
ii
18.
Mark. Beckmann.
#
ft
It
22.
Lutzen?
#
it
a
26.
Berlin. Kirch. 8
#
it
March
9.
Reuss.
#
it
Nov.
29.
Marseilles. Frobes, Reuss.
#
it
Dec.
2.
Corsica. Frobes.
a
a
6.
Saxony, Lusatia, and Polonia.
#
tt
a
28.
Reuss.
'Acta Uratislav. 1719, p. 177, 316.
2 Acta Erudit. Leipsic, 1720, p. 218.
s Acta Erudit. Leipsic, VIII. 465, Suppl. II. 55, 338.
4 Frobes thinks this appearance may have been a fragment
of a parhelion.
5 Aurora Australis.
e Acta Erudit. Leipsic, 1727, p. 499.
7 In the original t/ucinum.
8 Acta Uratislav. 1720, Pt. I. p. 184, Pt. II. p. 450. etc.
246
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
1721.
• (i
• i'
• ti
• ii
• it
• ii
• ii
• t!
• II
• II
• II
• II
• II
• II
• II
•1722.
• ii
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
Oct.
Nov,
Jan.
Feb.
Jan. 1.
Feb. 17.
" 17.
" 23.
" 23.
" 28.
« 28.
March 1.
" 12.
« 12.
" 29.
3.
23.
24.
31.
1.
22.
23.
25.
23.
24.
27.
March 17.
" 18.
« 27.
April 5.
May 23.
June 4.
Sept. 16.
« 17.
" 18.
Oct. 14.
« 19.
" UO.
21.
" 25.
26.
Nov. 14.
" 22.
23.
" 24.
Heis. 1
France. Maraldi, Reuss.
Germany. Liebknecht. 2
France. Maraldi.
Germany. Leibknecht.
France. Miraldi, Heis.
Germany. Liebknecht.
Mark. Beckmann.
Germany. Kulm, etc.
Wittemberg. Hallmann. 8
Stuttgart. Frobes. 4
Magdburg, Nuremberg. Rost.
Liitzen? Dresden, Poland.
Liitzen, Dresden, Poland.
Nuremberg.
Magdburg, Nuremberg. Rost.
Nuremberg. Rost. 6
Nuremberg. Rost.
Nuremberg and Breslau.
Seehausen. Siegesbeck. 6
Seehausen. Siegesbeck.
Seehausen. Siegesbeck.
Angerburg. Frobes.
Breslau. Frobes.
Nuremberg. Rost ?
Seehausen, Dresden. Frobes.
Lobau. Frobes.
Jauer. Frobes.
Saxony. Frobes.
Seehausen. Siegesbeck. Saxony
Seehausen. Siegesbeck.
Seehausen. Siegesbeck. Dresden
Seehausen. Siegesbeck.
Seehausen. Siegesbeck.
Seehausen. Siegesbeck.
Seehausen. Siegesbeck.
Seehausen. Siegesbeck.
Seehausen. Siegesbeck.
Giessen. Liebknecht.'
Sept.
Oct.
Dec.
Jan.
Dresden.
Dresden.
Frobes.
Frobes.
1 Wochenscrift fur Astronomie, Meteorologie, etc., Neue
Folge, II. 294.
j Acta Erudit. Leipsic. 1721, p. 157, etc.
SGott. Gelehr. Zeit. 1721 pp. 710-33.
* Acta Uratislav. 1721, p. 177, 302, etc.
5 Luzinensibus, or inhabitants of Liitzen.
8 Acta Uratislav. 1722, Pt. I. p. 49, etc.
' Novellae Litter. Lips. 1723, p. 220.
*1722. Dec. 3. Dantzig. Kulm.
* " '•' 12. Dresden. Frobes.
" 15. Seehausen. Siegesbeck.
" 31. Tilgram.
Jan. 12. Nuremberg.
" 14. Seehausen. Siegesbeck.
" 17. Portugal. Frobes. 1
March 10. Giessen. Frobes. 2
" 21. Breslau. Frobes.
7. Jauer. Frobes.
12. Jauer. Frobes.
28. Jauer. Frobes.
31. Lusatia, Saxony. Frobes.
18. Jauer. Frobes.
17. Germany, Poland, Italy, France.'
" 29. Germany, Poland. Italy, France.
" 30. Germany, Poland, Italy, France.
March 24. Germany, Poland, Italy, France.
May 4. Germany, Poland. Italy, France.
" 22. Germany, Poland, Italy, France.
4. Germany, Poland, Italy, France.
12. Germany, Poland, Italy, France.
17. Germany, Poland, Italy, France.
24. Germany, Poland, Italy, France.
31. Germany, Poland. Italy, France.
9. Germany, Poland. Italy, France.
22. Germany, Poland, Italy. France.
23. Germany, Poland, Italy, Franc*.
25. Germany, Poland, Italy, France.
8. Tornea. Burman.
8. Germany. Frobes.
9. Germany. Frobes.
1 2. Germany. Frobes.
13. Germany. Frobes.
6. Upsal. Burman. 4
9. Upsal. Burman.
31. Upsal. Burman.
5. Germany. Frobes.
7. Germany. Frobes.
8. Germany. Frobes.
9. Germany. Frobes.
5. Germany. Frobes.
6. Germany. Frobes.
" " 7. Germany. Frobes.
1 Uratislav. 1723, p. 71, and Suppl. II. 57. This aurora it noi
given by Mairan. Perhaps it was a meteor.
2 Novellae Litter. Lips. 1723, p. 220.
3 Acta Uratislav. 1724, p. 70, etc.
* Acta. Lit. Sueciae, II. 141.
* ii
* ii
*1723.
* ii
* ii
* ii
* ii
* ii
* a
* ii
* ii
* ii
* ii
* ii
* ii
* ii
* ii
* ii
* a
* a
* ii
* ii
* ii
* ii
* ii
*1725.
* ii
*
Aug.
Sept.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
Oct.
Dec.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
247
*1
.725.
Dec.
8.
Germany. Frobes.
*1728.
Feb. 29
Germany
Frobes.
1726.
Jan.
4.
Reuss. [Old Style ?]
#
a
March 26
England.
Buechner. 1
*
it
Feb.
7.
Germany. Frobes.
#
it
" 27
England.
Buechner.
a
March 17.
Coast of Spain. Rico. 1
#
it
" 29.
Germany.
Frobes.
a
a
31.
Reuss. [Old Style ?]
*
it
April 2.
Germany.
Frobes.
#
a
a
24.
Germany. Frobes.
#
tt
" 4.
Germany.
Frobes.
*
tt
Sept.
5.
Germany. Frobes.
*
tt
June 7.
Germany.
Frobes.
*
a
a
28.
Germany. Frobes.
#
tt
" 25.
Germany.
Frobes.
a >
Oct.
7.
Reuss.
tc
July 28.
Plymouth.
Huxham.
it
tt
9.
Mark.- Beckmann.
*
n
Aug. 30.
Germany.
Frobes.
*
a
ii
14.
Pilgrarn.
*
tt
30.
Lb'bau. Wehr. 2
*
it
it
15.
Pilgram.
#
tt
Sept. 27.
Russia. Frobes. 3
*
a
it
19.
Spain. Rico, Reuss, Pilgram.
#
tt
" 29.
Germany.
Frobes.
*
u
tt
19.
Helmstadt, Germany. Frobes.
*
a
Oct. 2.
Germany.
Frobes. Reuss.
*
a
tt
19.
Poland, Switzerland.
#
(i
" 2.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.'
*
a
a
19.
France, England.
#
a
" 2.
Lb'bau. Wehr.
#
tc
tt
20.
Germany. Frobes.
#
a
" 4.
Germany.
Frobes.
*
a
a
21.
Germany. Frobes.
#
tt
" 7.
Germany.
Frobes.
#
tt
Nov.
4.
Lund, Sweden. Frobes.
#
ti
24.
Reuss. [Old Style ?]
i
tt
Dec.
1.
Germany. Frobes.
#
tt
Nov. 2.
Germany.
Frobes.
#
a
a
18.
Germany. Frobes.
#
a
8.
Germany.
Frobes.
*1
727.
Jan.
15.
Germany. Frobes.
#
it
Dec. 4.
Germany.
Frobes.
#
a
March
14.
Germany. Frobes.
#
a
" 14.
Germany.
Frobes.
*
«
tt
15.
Germany. Frobes.
*1729.
Jan. 17.
Germany.
Frobes. 5
#
a
April
8.
Germany. Frobes.
#
a
" 20.
Germany.
Frobes.
#
tt
tt
14.
Germany. Frobes.
#
a
" 24.
Germany.
Frobes.
*
a
Aug.
1.
Germany. Frobes.
#
a
Feb. 16.
Germany.
Frobes.
*
tt
Sept.
22.
Germany. Frobes.
#
a
" 17.
Germany.
Frobes.
*
CI
Oct.
13.
Germany. Frobes.
#
a
March 2.
Germany.
Frobes.
#
It
tt
14.
Germany. Frobes.
#
n
" 27.
Germany.
Frobes.
*
It
it
17.
Germany. Frobes.
#
tt
April 6.
Germany.
Frobes.
*
tt
a
17.
Italy. Manfredi.
#
tt
" 19.
Germany.
Frobes.
*
tt
tt
19.
Germany. Frobes.
#
tt
" 30.
Germany.
Frobes.
*
it
ft
20.
Germany. Frobes.
*
tt
May 1.
Germany.
Frobes.
*
tt
ti
23.
Cola. Croyere.
#
it
" 22.
Germany.
Frobes.
*
It
"Nov.
6.
Germany. Frobes.
#
a
" 29.
Paris. Maraldi. Lb'bau. Wehr
*1
728.
Feb.
9.
Kesmark, Hungary. Buchholz.
#
tt
31.
Germany.
Frobes.
*
it
a
9.
Germany. Trautmann.
#
tt
June 15.
Paris. Maraldi.
*
a
tt
9.
Seehausen. Siegesbeck.
#
tt
" 26.
Paris. Maraldi.
*
it
a
9.
Dantzig. Kulm.
*
a
Aug. 29.
Kraft.
*
u
tt
9.
Nuremberg. Rost.
#
a
Sept. 15.
Paris. Maraldi.
*
a
tt
9.
Helmstadt. Frobes.
*
a
" 22.
Rlsinge, Sweden. 6 Laurel.
*
ti
a
9.
Utrecht. Musschenbroek.
#
a
Oct. 11.
Germany.
Frobes.
*
a
ti
13.
Hudiksvall. Bromann.
*
tt
tt
26.
Germany. Frobes. 3
i
Miscellan. Phys. Medic. Math. 1728, p. 924, etc.
1 Mem. Acad. Ciencias Madrid, III. 77.
! Tlie aurora was seen at Mark in 1728 seventeen times.
' Those auroras seen in Germany this year were seen as
»peciiied for Feb. 9.
a Gilbert. Annalen der Physik, XXXII. 336, etc.
3 Comment. Petrop. IV. 121.
* Tabula Meteorologica, 1728.
1 Buchner. Miscell. Phys. Med. Math. 1729, pp. 40, 100, etc.
6 Parish near Nincoplng.
248
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
*1729.
# ii
# u
# <i
*
*
#
# <i
*1730.
n
it
#
*
*
#
*
*
#
*
*
*
#
*
*
*
#
#
*
*
#
»
*
#
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
#
#
*
a
Oct. 13.
" 17.
" 24.
Nov. 16.
« 16.
" 16.
« 16.
Dec. 17.
Jan. 16.
Feb. 7.
" 15.
" 15.
" 16.
" 18.
March 6.
6.
" 9.
" 9.
" 17.
" 18.
April 12.
" 13.
" 20.
.May 9.
June 21.
July 5.
6.
'• 17.
" 19.
Aug.
Sept. 28.
« 30.
" 30.
4.
5.
6.
7.
9.
11.
20.
21.
22.
24.
26.
2.
2.
3.
Oct.
Nov.
Paris. Maraldi.
Germany. Frobes.
Germany. Frobes.
Germany. Frobes. Reuss.
Paris. Maraldi. Risinge. Laurel.
Hudiksvall. Bromann.
Lunda. Quenselius.
Gi rmany. Frobes.
Germany. Frobes. 1
Germany. Frobes.
Germany. Frobes.
Reuss. Thompson.
Germany. Frobes.
Germany. Frobes.
Germany. Frobes.
France. Reuss.
Germany. Frobes.
St. Petersburg. Kraft.
Germany. Frobes.
Germany. Frobes.
Germany. Frobes. Lusatia.
Germany. Frobes.
Germany. Frobes.
Germany. Frobes.
Germany. Frobes.
Germany. Frobes.
Germany. Frobes. Lbbau.
Germany. Frobes.
Germany. Frobes.
Sin m. Frobes.
Germany. Frobes.
'////. Frobes.
Risinge. Laurel.
Germany. Frobes.
Germ i nn/.
Germany.
G. rmany.
Germany.
Germany.
Germany.
German)/.
Germany.
Pilgram.
Germany.
Mark. Beckmann.
Germany. Frobes,
France. Frobes.
France.
Frobes.
Frobes.
Frobes.
Frobes.
Frobes.
Frobes.
Frobes.
Frobes. Reuss.
Frobes.
*1730. Nov. 5.
Pilgram.
) Bueclmer. Miscell. Phys. Med. Math. 1730, pp. 824, etc.
* 11
* a
* a
* it
* l<
* II
* II
* ii
* ii
*1731.
* ci
* ii
* a
* it
* ii
* ii
* «
* ii
*1732.
* i<
* ii
* ii
* a
* ii
* ii
* a
* «
* u
* ii
* tt
* ii
* ii
* ii
* ii
* ii
* ii
* ii
* i.
* ii
ii
*1733.
* ii
*1734.
Dec.
Oct.
Nov
Jan
t.
8.
19.
28.
8.
17.
23.
26.
28.
3.
4.
7.
7.
8.
23.
29.
11.
3.
" 18.
Feb. 20.
ii 21.
Mar. 14.
" 18.
ii 21.
" 22.
" 28.
" 28.
June 26.
Aug. 22.
" 23.
Sept. 10.
" 23.
" 24.
" 25.
" 26.
Oct. 23.
Nov. 12.
" 20.
Dec. 4.
April 13.
July 7.
Sept. 19.
Germany. Frolics. Pilgram.
Germany. Frobes.
Germany. Frobes.
Germany. Frobes.
G( rmany. Frobes.
Germany. Frobes.
Germ a ay. Frobes.
Germany. Frobes.
Germany. Frobes.
Germ my. Frobes.
Helmstadt. Frobes.
]I< hnstadl. Frobes.
Hn> . 3tei len.
tadt. Frobes.
Helmstadt. Frobes. Thompson.
Marl. Beckmann.
Helmstadt. Frobes.
Helmstadt. Frobes.
Helmut all. Frobes. 1
Hudiksvall, Sweden.
Hudiksvall, Sweden.
Germany. Frobes.
' Frobes.
Germany. Frobi 3.
Germany. Frobes.
Germany. H lm <la<ll. Frobes.
Germany. Helmstadt. Frobes.
Strengru -• i, Haneslroem.
< lllonberg.
Germany. Helmstadt. Frobes.
Germany. Frobes.
Germany. Goburg. Frobes.
Germany. Frobes.
Germany. Frobes.
Germany. Frobes.
Germany. Frobes.
Germany. Frobes.
Germany. Helmstadt. Frobes.
Germany. Frobes.
Germany. Frobes.
Mairan. 2
Silesia. Frobes. 8
Leipsic. Gottsched.
Allorf. Kelschius.
i Condamine, while making a journey from Cyprus to Con-
stantinople, saw the aurora frequently in Sept. and Oct., 1731.
? Me'm. de l'Acad. 1733. p. 47*
:; Nova Litter. Eips. 1733, p. 291, etc.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
249
1735
* «
#
* u
* tt
* a
* tt
* tt
* a
* a
1736. 2 Feb
*
«
* «
- II
# a
# u
* «
* «
* «
# it
*1737.
# «
# «
* tt
Man! i 2.
" 13.
" 15.
" 22.
" 24.
" 24.
" 24.
April 22.
'• 23.
Sept. 25.
Oct. 15.
Nov. 18.
Dec. S.
(i 13.
" 15.
" ,y 2.
9.
" 17.
March 21.
April 5.
Sept. 29.
Oct. 7.
" 20.
" 22
" 26.
" 26.
" 27.
" 27.
« 28.
" 28.
" 29.
" 30.
Nov. 24.
Aug. 20.
" 23.
Sept. 22.
" 22.
Oct. 23.
" 28.
Nov. 12.
Dee. 5.
" 16.
Mark. Beckmann.
Baraterio.
Baraterio.
Wittemberg. Kraus.
Wittemberg. Kraus.
London. Bevis. 1
Mark. Beckmann.
Potsdam. Frobes.
Mark. Beckmann.
Reuss.
Reuss.
Verden. Trumphius.
Verden. Trumphius.
Verden. Trumphius.
Verden. Trumpliius.
Reuss.
Mark. Beckmann.
Kelschius.
Mark. Beckmann.
Beckmann.
Beckmann.
Beckmann.
Beckmann.
Albrecht.
Albrecht.
Beckmann.
Albrecht.
Beckmann.
Albrecht.
Pomerania. Burghart.
Goburg. Albrecht.
Albrecht.
Albrecht.
Beckmann.
Beckmann.
Beckmann.
Goslar, Hanover. Henning.
Mark. Beckmann.
Siberia. Gmelin. 8
Mark. Beckmann.
Phil. Trans. LXI. 371.
Helmstadt. Frobes. Reuss.
Mark.
Mark.
Mark.
Mark.
Goburg.
Goburg.
Mark.
Goburg.
Mark.
Goburg.
Goburg.
Goburg.
Mark.
Mark.
Mark.
' Phil. Trans. XLI. 347.
- In Wochenscrift fur Astronomic etc., VII. 230, it is printed,
evidently by mistake, 1739. Tlie year 1741 is also printed for
1740, and 1737 and 1738 for 1747 and 1748.
a Reise durcli Sibirien, 1733 bis 1743, II. 607.
*1737.
* it
*1739.
* a
* a
* Si
* it
* it
* a
* it
* tt
* tt
* .'£
* tt
* tt
1740.
a
*1741.
* u
* tt
* tt
1742.
it
1746.
1747.
*174S.
1755.
it
*1759.
* «
*1761.
1763.
*1764.
a
*1765.
Dec. 16.
" 28.
" 30.
" 31.
Jan. 27.
Feb. 17.
" 27.
" 27.
March 10.
" 12.
" 22.
" 29.
" 29.
May 1.
June 2.
Sept. 24.
Oct. 31.
Jan. 22.
Feb. 21.
March 16.
Aug. 10.
Oct. 2.
" 8.
Jan. 16.
" 29.
Oct. 29.
Dec. 16.
Jan. 3.
" 6.
" 7.
Feb. 4.
" 8.
April 5.
Nov. 19.
Oct. 12.
March 4.
" 5.
Oct. 23.
" 12.
Italy. Poleni.
Goburg. Albrecht.
Island Chiloe. Paravey. 1
Spa/in. Feijoo. Rico.
Helmstadt. Frobes.
Helmstadt. Frobes.
Mark, Beckmann.
Helmstadt. Frobes.
Frobes.
Frobes.
Frobes.
Frobes. Reuss.
Beckmann.
Beckmann.
Helmstadt,
Helmstadt,
Helmstadt,
Helmstadt,
Mark.
Mark,
Reuss.
Mark.
Mark,
Mark.
Mark.
Mark,
Mark,
Mark.
Mark.
Upsal.
Mark.
I '/ISIll.
Mark.
Mark.
Beckmann.
Beckmann.
Beckmann.
Beckmann.
Beckmann.
Beckmann.
Beckmann.
Beckmann.
Fischer. Wolf. a
Beckmann.
Fischer.
Beckmann.
Beckmann.
Venice? Zucconi. Wolf. 8
Venice. Zucconi. Wolf.
Berlin. Acad. Coll.
Paris. Acad. Coll. 4
Switzerland? Vogel. Wolf.
Switzerland? Vogel. Wolf.
Warsaw, Poland. AVolfe. 6
London*
Oxford, Lisbon.
Bergmann. Wolf. 7
Paris. Messier. Wolf. 8
VOL. X.
32
1 Pogg. Ann. der Physik un d ei. Chem Erganzungsband
IV. 76.
2 Wolf quotes Geschichte der Physik etc., V.
3 De Heliometri Structure. Venet. 1760.
* P. Etrang. VI. 649.
s Phil. Trans. LIV. 98.
c Phil. Trans. LIV. 326-8.
' Gilbert. Annalen der Physik, XV. 213.
8 Connaiss. de Terns., 1806, p. 426.
250
ON TIIE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BORE WIS.
# u
1769.
'1768. Aug. 6.
" Sept. 19.
« « 19.
" Oct. 5.
« " 5.
•' " 12.
: tl U 28.
* » " 28.
* " « 28.
( " Nov. 16.
* " " 16.
" " 20.
* " Dec. 5.
* " " 5.
'• 5.
Jan. 9.
Feb. 2.
" 18.
" 20.
" 22.
" 22.
" 22.
" 26.
" 27.
'• 27.
" 27.
March 3.
" 3.
" 4.
" 6.
•• 11.
12
" 22.
" 23.
" 24.
" 25.
Paris. Messier.
Prince of Wales Fort. 1
Hudson's Bay.
Prince of Wales Fort.
Dymond and Wales.
Russia. Pictet. Wolf. 2
Paris. Messier. 8
Gurzelen. Sprungli.
Rome and Vicuna. Cotte.
Prince of Wales Fort.
Dymond and Wales.
War doe f Littrow.* Wolf.
Gurzelen. Sprungli.
Vienna. < '"tte. 6
Paris. Messier. 8
Russia. Pictet Wolf.'
Wardoef Littrow. Wolf.
Nimbosero, Lapland. Mallet.
Wardoef Littrow. Wolf. 8
Kola, Lapland. Mallet.
Between Poria and Umbam.
Pictet. Wolf.
Paris. Messier. 9
Terski alio, Lapland.
Mallet. Wolf.
Umbam, Lapland, Pictet.
Umbam. Pictet. Wolf.
Ponoi. Mallet.
Umbam. Pictet. Wolf.
Umbam. Pictet. Wolf.
Umbam. Pictet.
Umbam. Pictet.
Umbam. Pictet.
Ponoi. Mallet.
Ponoi. Mallet.
Ponoi. Mallet.
Wolf.
Wolf.
Wolf.
Wolf.
Wolf.
1769.
March 27.
Umbam. Pictet. Wolf.
it
u
28.
Ponoi. Mallet. Wolf.
a
a
30.
Umbam. Pictet. Wolf.
tt
June
3.
Littrow. Wolf.
tt
Sept.
o
Paris. Messier. Wolf. 1
n
it
21.
Oxford. Larsons. 2
* a
tt
26.
Gurzelen. Sprungli.
a
Oct.
o
Oxford. Swinton.
* .;
tt
24.
I'uris. Messier.
*1770.
Jan.
18.
Gurzelen. Spriingli.
* tt
"
18.
Vienna. Pilgram.'
* a
Feb.
12.
Gurzelen. Spriingli.
tt
Aug.
28.
Paris and Honfleur. Cotti
* it
Sept.
17.
Gurzelen. Sprungli.
*1771.
March 13.
Gurzelen. Sprungli.
* a
May
13 ?
Gurzelen. Sprungli.
1772.
Oct.
26.
Wolf. 4
* «
ii
27.
Gurzelen. Spriingli.
* it
tt
L'7.
Vienna. Pilgram.
* "
Dec.
24.
Wolf.
1773.*
Jan.
24.
Gurzelen. Spriingli.
1774.
March x.
Buxton. Hey. 6
* u
Dec.
1.
Berlin. Beguelin. Wolf. 7
•1775.
Jan.
23.
Berlin. Beguelin. Wolf. 8
* tt
u
24.
Berlin. Beguelin. Wolf.
* it
tt
30.
Berlin. Beguelin. Wolf.
u
Oct.
X.
Leeds. Hey.
1777.
Sept.
4.
Berlin. Beguelin. Wolf.'
u
Dec.
.">.
Montmorenci. Cotte. Wolf. 10
1778.
Apri
is.
Wolf.
tt
Aug.
IS.
Berlin. Beguelin. Wolf."
*1779.
March 15.
Ratisbon. Heinrich. Wolf. 12
i Phil. Trans. LX. 138.
- Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforsch. Gesellsch. in Zurich
V. 218.
; Mittheil. Naturforsch. Gesellsch. Bern, 18oJJ, p. 43.
4 Hell's Reise nach Wardoe etc.
s Mem. ile Savans Etrang. Paris, VII. 480.
B Connaiss. de Terns., 1806, p. 429.
' Collectio Observ. Trans. Veneris. St. Petersburg, 1770.
pp. 75-106, It is not alwuifs stated whether the observations
are made in old or new style. Pictet's are said to be in neu-
style.
8 Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforsch. Gesellsch. in Zurich,
II. 403.
9 Connaiss. de Tems., 1806, p. 429,
' Connaiss. de Terns., 1806, p. 429.
2 Phil. Trans. LIX. 372, 3.
3 Untersuchungen iiber das Wahrscheinlich der Wetter-
kunde etc , p. 419.
4 He quotes the Journal des Savans, 177;.
5 Cotte observed at Montmorenci in 1772 six auroras: one
in March, a very fine one on August 31, three in October, of
which that of the 26th was fine, and one in December. — Journal
des Savons, 1773. p. 174.
« Phil. Trans. I..VXX 32
" Bode's Jahrbuch fur 1787, p. 241.
3 Nouv. Mem. de l'Acad. Berlin, 177"., p. 175, etc.
9 This is given as Sept. 21 in Nouv. Mem de l'Acad. Berlin,
1777, p. 91.
K> Connaiss. de Terns.. 1781. p. 390.
" This is given as Aug 2~ in Nouv. Mem.de l'Acad. Berlin.
177s. p. 85.
i- Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforsch. Gesellsch. in Zurich.
V. 327.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
251
1779. April
1780.
-17S1.
L782.
*178a
17S4.
1785.
*178G.
it
♦17S7.
* ii
* a
* ii
*17S8.
May
July
3.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
17.
17.
18.
20.
15.
Beguelin.
30.
12.
Aug.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
April 25.
.Tune 6.
Aug. 26.
April 9.
March 29.
May 12.
•■ 17.
" 22.
July 25.
••' 25.
Nov. 15.
March 3.
•• 23.
July 13.
May 13.
July 13.
Oct. 31.
Nov. 8.
Sept 2.
Wolf. 1
Wolf.
Wolf. a
Wolf.
Wolf.
Wolf.
Berlin.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Berlin. Beguelin.
Ratisbon. Heinrich. Wolf.
Berlin. Beguelin. Wolf.
Wolf. 8
Montmorenei. Cotte. 4
Wolf.
Ratisbon ? Heinrich.
Wolf.
Welt'. 5
Wolf.
Montmorenei. Cotte. Wolf. 8
Ratisbon. Heinrich.
Ratisbon. Heinrich
Wolf."
New York}
Paris. Cassini. Wolf. 9
Pari*. Cassini.
Paris. Cassini. Wolf.
Paris. Cassini.
Geneva. Cotte. 10
Paris. Cassini.
Vienna. Pilgram.
Switzerland ? Vogel. Wolf.
Paris. Cassini. Wolf. 11
Vienna and Lami. 12
Vienna and Loon.
Paris. Bouvard. 11
' ten and Laon.
Bi me. Studer. 14
178S. Oct. 13.
*1790. Jan. 29.
" Feb. 4.
ii ii 24.
March 8.
May 17.
June 4.
July 16.
Sept. 30.
Jan. G.
Aug. 8.
Dec. 26.
Nov. 19.
March 4.
*1794. April 30.
" Dec. 7.
* " S.
16.
17.
20.
24.
4.
* ii
* ii
ii
* ii
* ii
*1791.
ii
* ii
1792.
1793.
1795. Oct.
Paris.
Paris.
Paris.
Paris.
Paris.
Paris.
Paris.
J 'a, -is.
Paris.
I 'arts.
Paris.
Paris.
Kendal.
i Nout. Mem. ile L'Acad. Berlin. ITT'.', p. 106.
* The auroras of April 7 ami 8 are found only in Bode':
Astronomisch. Jahrbuch fur 17-7.
* Scliweiz. Mon. Nachr., 1780.
* Journ. iles. Savaus, 1781, p. 180.
- Sehweiz. Mon. Nachr., 1781.
« Connaiss. de Toms., 1785, p. 892
' Sehweiz. Mon. Nachr., 1782.
» Journ. «lcs. Savana , 1781, p. 180.
' Connaiss. de Terns., L788, ]). 337.
'"Journ. de Physique, XI. 111. i ...:.
" Connaiss. de Terns.. 1790, p. 370
•-'Journ. ile Physique, I.XV. 255.
i Connaiss. de Terns., 1791, p. 360
h Mittheil. Naturforsch. Gesellsch. Bern, 1855, p. 43.
1796.
1797.
1799.
LSdO.
May
Dec.
July
Sept.
March 18.
Amr. 15.
1801.
1802.
*1803.
1S06.
1807.
June
Sept.
Nov.
Jan.
Bouvard.
Bouvard. 2
Bouvard.
Bouvard.
Bouvard.
Bouvard.
Bouvard.
Bouvard.
Bouvard.
Bouvard.
Bouvard.
Bouvard.
' Dalton.
Wolf. 1
Wolf.
Wolf.
Wolf.
Wolf. 8
Wolf.
Wolf.
Wolf. 4
Wolf.
Wolf. 6
Paris. Bouvard. 6
Paris. Bouvard. 7
Paris. Bouvard. Wolf. 8
Paris. Bouvard. 9
Paris. Bouvard. Wolf. 10
Paris. Bouvard. Wolf.
Paris. Bouvard. 11
Manchester. Dalton. Wolf. 12
Paris. Wolf. 13
Pafis. Wolf. 14
Manchester. Dalton. Wolf.
Paris. Bouvard. 15
18. Paris. Bouvard.
18. Manchester. Dalton. Wolf.
3. Ratisbon. Heinrich.
19. Near the Naze, Norway. Wolf. 14
30. Switzerland. Vogel. Wolf.
26. Wolf."
1 Connaiss. de Terns., 17'.i_. p. 356.
- Connaiss. de Terns., 1793, p. 375.
3 Connaiss.de Terns., 17'.i3, p. 376.
* Connaiss. de Terns.. 1794, pp. 284, 285.
s This is the same aurora which is put erroneously on Not.
29 in my first catalogue.
6 Connaiss. de Terns., 1795, p. 424,
1 Connaiss. de Terns., 1796-7, p. 392.
8 Bode's Jahrbuch fur 1799.
9 Connaiss. de Toms., 1797-8, p. 466.
i° Connaiss de Terns., 1798, p. 486.
11 Connaiss. de Terns., 1798-9, pp. 486, 7.
'- Memoirs of the Lit. and Philosophical Society, Manchester,
V. p. 674.
i-i Connaiss. de Terns., 1803, p. 511.
14 These are the same as I have translated July 23 and
Sept. 3. Thermidor 5 and Kructidor 17.
15 Connaiss. de Terns., 1803-4, p. 603.
m Krusenstern's Keise um die Welt etc.Hoppner's Transl. 1. 32
ir Neuestc Schriften von Danzig, II.
252
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Oct. 5.
June 24.
Sept. 24.
April 15.
May 22.
March 2.
May 29.
May 17.
*Feb. 8.
10.
June 12.
Aug. 16.
Jan. 11.
April 4.
April 26.
*Oct. 12.
Jan.
» ..
* u
*Feb.
1S10.
Ratisbon. Heinrich.
1813.
xhujshurg? Stark. Wolf. 1
Augsburg? Stark. Wolf.
1814.
Ratisbon. Heinrich.
Ratisbon. Heiurich.
1815.
Ratisbon. Heinrich.
Ratisbon. Heinrich.
1816.
Ratisbon. Heinrich.
1817.
Paris. Bouvard. 8
Ratisbon. Heinrich.
Ratisbon. Heinrich.
Ratisbon. Heinrich.
1818.
Prague ? David Wolf. 8
Ratisbon. Heinrich. Wolf.
1819.
Batisbon. Heinrich. Wolf.
■ York. Nash? 4
3.
6.
13.
15.
16.
17.
28.
24.
25.
26.
2.
3.
11.
12.
1821.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'/i n e-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hni -Kolymsk.
Nis'hni -Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Wrangel.
Wrangel.
Wrangel.
Wrangel.
Wrangel.
Wrangel.
Wrangel.
Wrangel.
Wrangel.
Wrangel.
Wrangel.
Wrangel.
Wrangel.
A\ range!
Wolf. 6
Wolf.
Wolf.
Wolf.
Wolf.
Wolf.
Wolf.
Wolf.
Wolf
Wolf.
Wolf.
Wolf.
Wolf.
1 Meteorolog. Jahrbuch rait Riicksicht etc.
-' Connaiss. de Terns., 1822, p. 216.
3 He quotes David's Witterungsbeob. in Bohmen.
4 Ladies' and Gentlemen's Diary, 1821, p. 79.
5 Reise langs der Nordkiiste von Siberien und auf dem Eis-
meere, 1820-4. II. 276-288.
Sept.
Oct.
Feb. 17.
21.
* " 22.
*March 1.
* " 2.
* " 3.
* " 8.
12.
12.
13.
20.
21.
22.
23.
25.
1.
3.
14.
17.
19.
20.
12.
13.
15.
16.
2.
11.
17.
4.
5.
6.
Nov.
*Dec.
Jan.
i.
* " 13.
Feb. 9.
March 8.
" 9.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
5.
5.
4.
5.
8.
11.
13.
22.
23.
24.
29.
Sweaburg. Von 1
Nis'h ne-Kohjmsk.
Nis'h 1 i c-Ki ihjms I: .
Nis '/me- Ki ih/m s /.' .
A is ' h ii e- Kt ih i in sk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis It ne-Kolymsk.
Nis'h in'- Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolym
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'h ne-Kolymsk.
Nis' hne-Koly msk.
Nis' h n <•- K i ly msk.
Nis'h ne- Kiilg msk.
Nis' J i ne- ZT< ■li/ui sic.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'h ii e-Kolymsk.
Xis ■ osk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
181"-'.
Nis'h a e-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Xis' h n e-Koly m sic.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Xis' L ne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'h a <-'- Knl 1 1 in si :.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
rousson.
iVolf. 1
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wrangel.
Wrangel.
Wrangel.
Wolf,
Wrangel.
W.Jf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel,
Wolf.
Wrangel.
W ,lf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel,
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
Wrangel.
Wolf.
] Bode. Astronomisclie Jahrbuch, 1824, p. 249.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
253
1823.
Feb.
24.
Nis'hne-Kolymsk.
■•
28.
Nis' hne-Kolymsk,
Sept.
2.
Abo.
Argelander. 1
1824.
March 25.
Aba.
Argelander. 3
u
26.
Abo.
Argelander.
*Nov.
16.
Abo.
Argelander.
Doc.
18.
Abo.
Argelander.
1825.
*Feb.
14.
Abo.
Argelander.
'March 14.
Abo.
Argelander.
*Aug.
21.
Abo.
Argelander.
*
26.
Abo.
Argelander.
it
29.
Abo.
Argelander.
*Sept.
11.
Abo.
Argelander.
••
14.
Abo.
Argelander.
a
16.
Abo.
Argelander.
Oct.
13.
Abo.
Argelander.
Dec.
2_
Abo.
Argelander.
* ..
7.
Abo.
Argelander.
* «
8.
Abo.
Argelander.
1826.
*Jan.
5.
Abo.
Argelander.
it
6.
Abo.
Argelander.
c
7.
Abo.
Argelander.
# u
29.
Abo.
Argelander.
Feb.
2.
Abo.
Argelander.
* ii
10.
Abo.
Argelander.
'March
9.
Abo.
Argelander.
♦Nov.
20.
Abo.
Argelander.
# n
22.
Abo.
Argelander.
u
23.
Abo.
Argelander. 8
1827.
'Feb.
17.
Abo.
Argelander.
«
18.
Abo.
Argelander.
ii
22.
Aha.
Argelander.
a
24.
Abo.
Argelander.
March 10.
Abo.
Argelander.
* April
16.
Abo.
Argelander.
a
18.
Abo.
Argelander.
Wrangel. Wolf.
Wrangel. Wolf.
1 Verzeiehniss Ton Nordlichtern etc. Abilruck aus den Ab-
handlungen des Finnischen Societal etc., p. 5.
2 Wolf assigns this aurora to March 15. Vierteljahrsschrift
der Narurforsch. Gesellsch. in Zurich, II. 410.
: Xov. 27. Wolf.
*Aug.
26.
Abo.
Argelander.
*Sept.
8.
Abo.
Argelander.
# ii
9.
Abo.
Argelander.
u
17.
Bossekop. Everest. 1
ii
24.
Bossekop. Everest.
# ti
25.
Abo.
Argelander. Paris.
Bouvard. 3
ii
29.
Bossekop. Everest.
ii
30.
Bossekop. Everest.
*Oct.
6.
Abo.
Argelander.
ii
7.
Abo.
Argelander.
it
10.
Bossekop. Everest.
u
11.
Bossekop. Everest.
u
15.
Bossekop. Everest.
# ii
17.
Abo.
Argelander.
ii
24.
Bossekop. Everest.
u
27.
Eeilhau. Everest.
ii
29.
Tolrig. Everest.
*Xov.
19.
Abo.
Argelander.
u
21.
Abo.
Argelander.
it
25.
Abo.
Argelander.
1828.
Jan.
7.
Abo.
Argelander.
*Feb.
12.
Abo.
. Argelander.
ii
18.
Abo.
Argelander.
ii
23.
Abo.
Argelander.
March 17.
Abo.
Argelander.
Aug.
12.
Abo.
Argelander.
* ii
14.
Abo.
Argelander.
# ti
16.
Abo.
Argelander.
ii
17.
Abo.
Argelander.
*Sept.
8.
Abo.
Argelander.
# it
15.
Abo.
Argelander.
ii
16.
Aba.
Argelander.
ii
17.
Abo.
Argelander.
a
19.
Abo.
Argelander.
it
21.
Abo.
Argelander.
Oct.
4.
Abo.
Argelander.
# it
26.
Abo.
Argelander.
it
31.
Abo.
Argelander.
Nov.
6.
Abo.
Argelander.
ii
9.
Abo.
Argelander.
it
29.
Tobo
'sk. Hansteen. 8
it
30.
Abo.
Argelander.
i A Journey through Norway, Lapland, etc., pp. 382, 383.
3 Connaiss. de Terns., 1831, p. 215.
3 Result. Magnet. Astron. und Meteor. Beobacht. auf eine
Reise etc.
254
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
♦Dec. 1. Abo. Argelander.
" 3. Tobolsk. Hansteen.
" 5. Abo. Argelander.
" 6. Abo. Argelander.
* " 28. Abo. Argelander.
«
«
Feb. 9.
" 14.
« 20.
March 1.
" 8.
" 28.
" 28.
29.
30.
April 2.
' « 5.
« 8.
" 9.
" 14.
" 24.
2.
22.
24.
25.
26.
1.
2.
4.
24.
1.
3.
17.
19.
24.
25.
" 27.
*Dec. 20.
" 22.
* " 25.
Jan. 20.
" 22.
" 23.
* " 24.
Sept.
* u
a
* u
♦Oct.
«
a
* a
♦Nov.
«
u
1829.
Abo. Argelandor.
Atschinskaia. Hansteen.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Ustskskaia. Due. 1
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Mutinskaia. Due.
II i tn nskaia. Due.
Abo. Argelander. Irkuzk. Hansteen.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander. "
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
1830.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
1 Result. Magnet. Astron. und Meteor. Beobacht. auf eine
Reise etc.
♦Feb. 23.
♦ " 24.
March 14.
♦ ••' 16.
" 19.
" 21.
April 10.
•.May 4.
♦ « 5.
♦Aug. 25.
♦Sept. 8.
" 14.
17.
25.
26.
5.
9.
10.
11.
12.
17.
19.
22.
23.
30.
•j
19.
I'o.
25.
•i
If,.
is.
22.
# «
# ii
u
♦Oct.
# u
# a
# «
Nov.
Dec.
♦Jan.
# a
* u
7.
7.
7.
8.
9.
9.
10.
10.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Alio. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
\bo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Wat ' Von Schoultz. 1
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelauder.
Wolf. 2 [Should it not be 1829 ?]
Abo. Argelander.
Abo. Argelander.
1831.
Wasa. Von Schoultz. Paris. Bouvard. 8
St. Petersburg. Kupffer. 4
Brunswick. Zincken. Marburg. Gerling. 8
Wasa. Von Schoultz.
Abo. Argelander.
Wasa. Von Scboultz.
Abo. Argelander.
Von Scboultz.
(' asa.
' Verzeichniss von NorJLiclitern etc. Abdruck aus den Ab-
bandlungen der Finnischen Societiit etc., p. 144.
- Vierteljahrssclirift &c. IT. 86, Bib. Univ., 1840, p. 208.
( lonnaiss. de Terns., 1833, p. 368.
4 Recueil d'Observ. Magnet, a St. Petersburg, p. 679.
' Kastner, Arehiv far Naturlehre XXI., 26 and 28.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
255
*Jan.
11.
Abo.
Argelander.
u
12.
Abo.
Argelander.
Li
13.
Abo.
Argelander.
* a
14.
Abo.
Argelander.
a
18.
Abo.
Argelander.
tt
19.
Abo.
Argelander.
a
24.
Abo.
Argelander.
*Feb.
7.
Abo.
Argelander.
* .<
11.
Abo.
Argelander.
it
13.
Abo.
Argelander.
* n
14.
Abo.
Argelander.
u
15.
Abo.
Argelander.
*Marcl
i 1.
St. Petersburg. Kupffer.
* ..
5.
Wasa
Von Schoultz.
# ..
i .
Ab„.
Argelander.
« it
8.
Abo.
Argelander.
* «
9.
St. Petersburg. Kupffer.
# "
11.
Abo.
Argelander.
* a
11.
Wasa
Von Schoultz.
* a
13.
Wasa
. Von Schoultz.
# ti
13.
Augsburg. Stark. Wolf.
a
17.
Abo.
Argelander.
ii
17.
A ugsl
urg ? Stark. Wolf.
# u
IS.
Augsb
urg? Stark. Wolf.
"
23.
Abo.
Argelander.
* April
1.
Abo.
Argelander.
* ii
2.
Abo.
Argelander.
a
7.
Abo.
Argelander.
..
It).
Abo.
Argelander.
ii
11.
Abo.
Argelander.
ii
14.
Abo.
Argelander.
* .1
IS.
Abo.
Argelander.
# u
10.
Abo.
Argelander.
# ii
19.
Wasa
Von Schoultz.
* .1
20.
Wasa
•Von Schoultz.
* i.
23.
Abo.
Argelander.
«
24.
Abo.
Argelander.
*Aug.
3.
St. Petersburg. Kupffer.
ii
3(>.
Augsburg ? Stark. Wolf.
1832.
Feb.
20.
Wasa
Von Schoultz.
ii
21.
Wasa
Von Schoultz.
Marcl
2.
Wasa
Von Schoultz.
* April
19.
Wasa
Von Schoultz.
•Aug.
22
Helsii
gfors. Argelander.
*Sept.
23.
Helsingfors. Argelander.
Oct.
15.
Helsingfors. Argelander.
Oct.
22.
Wasa. Von Schoultz.
*Nov.
1.
Wasa. Von Schoultz.
ii
12.
Quetelet. 1 AVolf.
ii
20.
Helsingfors. Argelander.
# ii
27.
Helsingfors. Argelander.
1833.
Jan.
18.
Wasa. Von Schoultz.
* ii
19.
Wasa. Von Schoultz.
ii
20.
Wasa. Von Schoultz.
ii
21.
Wasa. Von Schoultz.
Feb.
8.
Wasa. Von Schoultz.
ii
12.
Wasa. Von Schoultz.
*Marcb
13.
Nova Zembla. . Kupffer. '
* ii
17.
Wasa. Von Schoultz.
# «
23.
Helsingfors. Argelander.'
April
6.
IVasa. Von Schoultz.
*Sept.
6.
Nova Zembla. Kupffer.
# ii
17.
Helsingfors. Argelander.
# ii
17.
Wasa. Von Schoultz.
* ii
18.
Wasa. Von Schoultz.
Oct.
10.
Wasa. Von Schoultz.
ii
11.
Wasa. Von Schoultz.
# ii
12.
Paris. Bouvard. 8
* ii
13.
Wolf. 4
ii
19.
Wasa. Von Schoultz.
*Dec.
15.
Quetelet.
1834.
*Jan.
13.
Wasa. Von Schoultz.
*Feb.
10.
Augsburg ? Stark. Wolf.
*Sept.
6.
Nova Zembla. Kupffer.
*Oct.
3.
Wasa. Von Schoultz.
*Nov.
3.
Wasa. Von Schoultz.
*Dec.
10.
Nova Zembla. Kupffer.
# ii
22.
Wasa. Von Schoultz.
1835.
*Jan.
4.
Augsburg ? Stark. Wolf.
*Feb.
7.
Wasa. Von Schoultz.
March 20.
Wasa. Von Schoultz.
Aug.
3.
Helsingfors. Argelander.
ii
17.
Wasa. Von Schoultz.
1 Nouveau catalogue. Mem. de 1'AcaJ. Brux. XV. 49.
- Wolf assigns the aurora of March 23 to March 13. He also
has one on Aug. 26.
3 Connaiss. de Tern's., 1837, p. 379.
« Bibliotheque Universale, Geneva, 1840, XXX. 209.
256
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Dec.
Sept. 5.
*Nov. 17.
* " 18.
* " 18.
" 24.
8.
8.
10.
13.
23.
Feb. 20.
*March 17.
" 23.
♦.May 20.
♦Sept. 13.
" 14.
* « 15.
" 16.
" 30.
Wasa. Von
Helsingfors.
Helsingfors.
Wasa. Von
Helsingfors.
Helsingfors.
Wasa. Von
Helsingfors.
Helsingfors.
Helsingfors.
Schoultz.
Argelander.
Argelander.
Schoultz.
Argelander.
Argelander.
Schoultz.
Argelander.
Argelander.
Argelander.
1836.
Helsingfors. Argelander. 1
Helsingfors. Argelander. 2
Helsingfors. Argelander.
Paris. Bouvard. 8
Helsingfors. Argelander.
Helsingfors. Argelander.
Helsingfors. Argelander.
Hels in gfors. Argel ander.
Helsingfors. Argelander.
Oct. 8. Helsingfors. Argelander.
* " 11. Helsingfors. Argelander.
* " 11. Braunsberg. Fcldt. Wolf. 4
" 12. Helsingfors. Argelander.
" 12. Braunsberg. Feldt "Wolf.
* " 15. Helsingfors. Argelander.
* " 18. Helsingfors. Argelan
* " 18. Wasa. Von Schoultz. Braunsberg.
" 19. Switzerland? Vogel. Wolf.
Nov. 27. Augsburg? Stark. Wolf.
1837.
*Jan. 25. Philadelphia. Peirce. 6
* " 25. Helsingfors. Argelander.
Feb. 13. Augsburg? Stark. Wolf.
" 14. Zurich? Wolf. 6
* " 18. Paris. Bouvard. 7
* " 18. Helsingfors. Argelander.
*March 29. Zurich ? Wolf. "
•
1 Wolf assigns this aurora to Feb. 22.
2 According to the Vermont Chronicle only one aurora was
seen in the winter of 1835-6, though twelve appeared in the
preceding winter. — American Almanac, 1838, p. 179.
» Connaiss. de Terns., 1840, p. 397.
* Pogg. Annalen der Physii, 2X1., 54-3.
5 Meteor. Account of the Weather, pp. 29 and 228.
6 Meteor. Beobacht. der Naturforsch. Gesellsch. in Zurich.
7 Connaiss. de Terns., 1841, p. 417.
May 2. Augsburg? Stark. Wolf.
July 28. Augsburg? Stark. Wolf.
*Oct. 6. Paris. Bouvard.
18. Pekin. Kupffer.
5. Paris. Bouvard.
6. Augsburg. Stark. Wolf.
12. Paris. Bouvard.
14. Philadelphia. Peirce. Pari.-;. Bouvard.
15. Paris. Bouvard.
15. Cat/. rg. Kupffer.
1838.
Oct. 21. Bravais. Wolf. 1
*
tt
*Nov.
«
#
tt
*
it
#
tt
•
a
1839.
*Jan.
1.
Nijne-Taguilsk, Mt. Ural
» «
14.
Worcestt r. W rlward. 4
* «
19.
'
*Feb.
21.
ort. Kin
* March 5.
Worcester. Woodward.
* it
10.
Baltischport. K.\
* «
11.
Baltischport. Kuj
# it
15.
Worcester. Woodward
* it
19.
Baltischport. Kupffer.
* u
24.
Worcester. Woodward.
* April
1.
Baltischport. Kupffer.
* u
3.
Baltischport. Kupffer.
* , it
8.
Worc\ ster. Woodward.
* it
9.
Baltischport. Kupffer.
..
16.
Baltischport. Kupffer.
-May
9.
Worcester. Woodward.
# tt
10.
Worcester. Woodward.
# «
15.
Worcester. Woodwa i
*Aug.
30.
Balii Kupffer.
1.
Zurich ? Wolf. 4
a
2.
Worcester. Woodward. 5
# it
3.
Worcester. Woodward.
# it
14.
Worcester. Woodward.
* u
19.
Worcester. Woodward.
*Oct.
10.
Worcester. Woodward.
* It
22;
Worcestt r. Woodward.
*Nov.
6.
Worcester. Woodward.
* .;
11.
1/ 'ori ester. Woodward.
1 BuUetin de l'Acad. Roy. Brux. VIII., 45.
- Med. and Surer. Jonrn., XX. 35, 163, 291.
3 Annal. de l'Observ. Physique Centrale de Russii
Suppl. pp. 15 et 119.
4 Meteorolog. Beobacht. Zurich.
' Med. and Surg. Jonrn., XXL. 151, 231, and 295.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
257
Nov. 12. Prague? Wolf. 1
" 23. Worcester. Woodward.
1840.
Baltischport. Kupffer.
Bussia. Wolf. 2
Worcester. Woodward.*
Worcester. Woodward.
Worcester. Woodward.
Worcester. Woodward.
Baltischport. Kupffer.
Baltischport. Kupffer.
Baltischport. Kupffer.
Baltischport. Kupffer.
Worcester. Woodward.
Baltischport. Kupffer.
Baltischport. Kupffer.
Baltischport. Kupffer.
Worcester. Woodward.
Worcester. Woodward.
Worcester. Woodward.
Philadelphia. Bache. 4
Worcester. Woodward.
Philadelphia. Bache.
Worcester. Woodward.
Worcester. Woodward.
St. Petersburg. Wolf. 5
Worcester. Woodward. 8
Philadelphia. Bache.
Worcester. Woodward.
Worcester. Woodward.
Worcester. Woodward.
Philadelphia. Bache.
Toronto. Sahine. Wolf.
Baltischport. Kupffer.
Worcester. Woodward.
Worcester. Woodward.
Worcester. Woodward.
Worcester. Woodward.
Worcester. Woodward.
Baltischport. Kupffer.
Baltischport. Kupffer.
1 Prager Beobachtungen, 1839.
2 Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. X. 9.
s Med. and Surg. Journal, XXII. 20, 148, 212, 292, and 355.
' Magnet, and Meteor. Obserr. Girard College, 51.
5 Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. IX. 617.
« Medical and Surg. Journal, XXIII., 87, 231, 296, and 376.
vol. x. 33
*Jan.
1.
* «
2.
* u
3.
* it
4.
* a
5.
* it
31.
*Feb.
21.
* «
25.
♦March
2.
a
3.
* tt
6.
* it
26.
# it
27.
* a
28.
*April
it
4.
15.
*May
# «
29.
29.
June
14.
♦July
* "
4.
25.
* tt
29.
Aug.
15.
# it
19.
* it :
19.
* tt
25.
# tt
26.
# tt
28.
* ((
28.
Sept.
*Oct.
16?
19.
* «
22.
♦Nov.
13.
* it
15.
# tt
19.
* tt
20.
# 11
20.
♦Dec.
13.
Dec.
* a
19. Worcester. Woodward.
20. Baltischport. Kupffer.
21. Worcester. Woodward.
21. Baltisclqwrt. Kupffer.
2S. Worcester. Woodward.
29. Worcester. Woodward.
1841.
Wolf. 1
Worcester. Woodward. 2
Worcester. Woodward.
Worcester. Woodward.
Toronto. Sabine. Wolf.
Toronto ? Sahine. Wolf.
Baltischport. Kupffer.
New Haven. Wolf. 8
Baltischport. Kupffer.
Prague ? Wolf.
Prague ? Wolf.
Prague? Wolf.
Prague ? Wolf.
Prague ? Wolf.
Prague ? Wolf.
Prague ? Wolf.
Prague. Wolf.
Worcester. Woodward. 4
Prague ? Wolf.
Prague? Wolf.
Prague? Wolf.
1842.
♦Jan. 1. Baltischport. Kupffer.
♦March 17. Baltischport. Kupffer.
♦April 10. Baltisc/q)ort. Kupffer.
♦July 11. Toronto. Sabine. Wolf. 5
Sept. 16. Toronto. Sabine. Wolf.
1843.
♦Feb. 4. Sitka. Kupffer.
*April 17. Sitka. Kupffer. 6
1 Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. X. 9.
2 Med. and Surg. Journal, XXIV., 20 and 83.
3 Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. VIII, 64
* Med. and Surg. Journal, XXV., 295.
5 Magnetic and Meteorolog. Observations, Toronto, I. 313.
6 At Lougan, from the 16th of March for fifteen days, and
from 5 p.m. to midnight, a white light, similar to the aurora
borealis, was observed extending in a column from S.E. to
N. W. — Annuaire Magnet, et Meteor, de Russie, 1843, p. 451
See, also, pp. 508 and 533.
TJan.
2?
# tt
14.
* it
25.
♦Feb.
8.
* »
12.
# «
15.
* it
16.
* a
IS.
♦March
22.
April
15.
♦Aug.
2,
♦Sept.
10.
* a
12.
# it
18.
♦Oct.
14.
# a
25.
•Nov.
15.
# «
18.
♦Dec.
1.
* a
15.
* tt
24.
258
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
♦July 7. Toronto. Sabine. Wolf.
Sept. 6. Bogoslowski. Kupffer. 1
* " 27. Sitka. Kupffer.
*Oct. 15. Sitka. Kupffer.
* " 19. Sitka. Kupffer.
Dec. 10. New Haven? Wolf. 2
♦March 7.
" 28.
*April 16.
« 24.
June 20.'
*Sept. 13.
" 24.
" 26.
21.
6.
15.
16.
Dec. 13.
*Oct.
♦Nov
* u
* a
May 4.
" 15.
" 30.
Aug. 25.
*Jan. 16.
June 16.
July 21.
" 28.
*Aug. 27.
♦Sept. 11.
22.
24.
25.
12.
15.
19.
17.
# «
# a
# n
♦Oct.
# u
# u
*Nov.
Dec. 12.
1844.
Sitka. Kupffer.
Sitka. Kupffer.
Sitka. Kupffer.
New Haven ? Wolf. 3
Toronto. Sabine. Wolf.
Hclsinrjfnrs. Nervander. Wolf. 4
Sitka. Kupffer.
Sitka. Kupffer,
Sitka. Kupffer.
Baltisch} tort. Kupffer.
Sitka. Kupffer.
Baltischport. Kupffer.
Toronto. Sabine. Wolf.
1845.
Helsingfors. Nervander
Helsingfors. Nervander.
Helsingfors. Nervander.
Wolf. 5
1846.
Baltischport.
Baltischport.
Helsingfors.
Helshigfors.
Baltischport.
BaltischpoH.
Baltischport.
Baltischport.
Baltischport.
Helsingfors.
Helsingfors.
Baltischport.
Baltischport.
Helsingfors.
Kupffer.
Kupffer.
Nervander.
Nervander.
Kupffer.
Kupffer.
Kupffer.
Kupffer.
Kupffer.
Nervander.
Nervander.
Kupffer.
Kupffer.
Nervander.
1 Annuaire Magnet, et Meteor, de Russie,' 1843, p. 425.
2 Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. XII. 533.
5 Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. XII. 534.
4 Observ. faites & Helsingfors.
* Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. XII.
Feb. 11.
♦March 19.
" 20.
" 23.
" 26.
7.
20.
10.
24.
31.
♦April
# «
Oct.
# »
* u
♦Dec. 17.
♦ " 29
Feb.
9.
; " 20.
* " 22.
* " 24.
March 15.
* " 19.
* " 20.
* " 20.
" 28.
* " 29.
31.
3.
# «
♦April
♦ " v.
♦ " 17.
♦ " 29.
July 8.
♦ " 11.
♦ " 24.
♦Sept. 4.
♦ " 5.
" 7.
" 23.
♦ " 30.
Oct. 11.
♦ " 17.
1847.
Helsingfors. Nervander.
Baltishport. Kupffer.
Helsingfors. Nervander.
Helsingfors. Nervander.
Gainsborough. Thompson. 1
Hartford. Conn. Wolf. 2
Helsingfors. Nervander.
Helsingfors.
Baltischport
Christiania,
Baltischport.
Il( Isingfors.
Nervander.
Kupffer
Wolf. 3
Kupffer.
Nervander.
1848.
Helsingfors. Nervander. Wolf.
Greenwich. Glaisher. Durham.*
Greenwich. Glaisher. Stone.
At Sea, Lt. 53° 41' N. Lg. 16° 25' W. b
Stonyh urst. Glaisher.
Greemvich. Glaisher. Durham. Scarva.
Greenwich. Glaisher.
Durham. Stonyhurst.
Leeds. Glaisher.
Hurt wick, U. S. Glaisher.
Greenwich. Glaisher. Stonyhurst.
!/'/■<< ii a- id/ . Glaisher.
Greemvich. Glaisher.
Stone. Lefroy. 6
Greenwich. Glaisher.
V ip Creole, Lt. 52° 12 N. Lg. 6° 12' W.
Sli ip Ash Icy, Lt. 46° 16' N. Lg. 34° 6' E.
Banna. Colla. Wolf! 7
Ship Liverpool, Lt. 42° 36' N. Lg. 50° W.
Ship Liverpool, Lt. 43° 38' N. Lg. 46° TV.
Frunconifi, New Hampshire.
Ship Ohio, Lt. 51° 16' N. Lg. 10° W.
Aix-la- Chapelle. Heis. 8
Fart. Confidence ? Eichardson.
Stonyhurst. Lefroy.
1 Introduction to Meteorology, p. 355.
2 Fortschritte der Physik. Jahrgang III. 179.
3 Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. XXI. 289.
4 Return of the Mortality in 117 Districts of England, VII.,
No. 1, p. 10 ; No. 2, p. 17 ; No. 4, p. 20.
■ ! Manuscript Records of the Smithsonian Institution.
s From his Manuscript Records.
7 Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. XVI. 6.
8 Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. XVI. 4. (Zodiacal Light ?)
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
259
Greenwich. Glaisher.
Ship Liberti/, Lb. 49 > 4'JV. Lg. 13° 50'.
Ship Liverpool, Lb. 49° 26' N. Lg. 33°.
Ship Creole, Li. 41° 57' N. Lg. 63° 29'.
Ship Thomas Wright, Lot. 42° 29' N.
Greenwich. Glaisher. [Long. 54° 43' IF
Aix-la- CIt apelle. Heis.
Ship Columbia, Lt. 50° 16' N. Lg. 11°.
Ship Liberty, Lb. 48° 35' N. Lg. 11° 42'.
Ship Siddons, Lt. 48° 30' N. Lg. 34° 57'.
Ship Liverpool, Lt. 48° 41' N. Lg. 37°.
Ship Montezuma, Lt. 52 0, 38' N. Lg. 30.
Sftip Independence, Lt. 50° #. £y. 30°.
Ship Creole, Lt. 43° 32' N. Lg. 60° 11'.
Ship Thomas Wright, Lat. 43° 10' N.
Greenwich. Glaisher. [Long. 53° 26' W.
Greenwich. Glaisher. Aix-la- Chapelle.
Ship Liverpool, Lt. 46° 11' N. Lg. 47°.
Ship Creole, Lat. 45° 20' N. Long. 56°.
Ship Liverpool, Lt. 44° 33' N. Lg. 51°.
Ship Independence, Lt. 49° N. Lg. 12°.
Greenwich. Glaisher. [Long. 11° 49' IF.
iSftip Creole, Lat. 45° 25' if. Long. 55°.
SAip Andrew Foster, Lat. 43° 2' iV.
Greenwich. Glaisher. [Lg. 58° 22' IF.
Ship Creole, Lai. 45° 28' N. Long. 53°.
M<> Oreofe, Lt. 44° 55' iV. Z#. 48' 38'.
Greenwich. Glaisher.
.Shij) Creole, Lt. 45° 55' N. Lg. 48° 14'.
Ship Creole, Lt. 46° 50' N. Lg. 44° 12'.
Greenwich. Lefroy.
Ship Creole, Lt. 47° 56' N. Lg. 39° 22'.
Greenwich. Glaisher.
Ship Creole, Lt. 49°2SiV. Lg. 33° 17'.
Ship Thomas Wright, Lt. 54° N. Lg. 34°.
Ship Creole, Lt. 50° 41' N. Lg. 33° 57'.
,S7h> Creole, Lt. 49° 52' iV. Lg. 33° 48'.
Sfcijp Oeofe, Lt. 49° 12' iV. Z#. 33° 40'.
Ship Creole, Lt. 50° 17' JSf. Lg. 32° 58'.
Ship Creole, Lt. 49° 50' N. Lg. 28° 8' W.
Greenwich. Glaisher.
Greenwich. Glaisher.
Ship Westminster, Lt. 47° 3T N. Lg.U°.
Orenbourg. Anitschkoff. 1
Greenwich. Glaisher. Aix-la- Chapelle.
1 Annales de l'Observ. Physique Centrale de Russie, 1863.
Suppl. p. 240.
*Oct.
18.
* (i
18.
* a
18.
# a
IS.
* «
18.
# «
19.
* «
19.
* it
19.
* u
19.
* «
19.
* <<
19.
* 11
19.
* II
19.
# «
19.
* II
19.
# 11
20.
* 11
22.
* II
22.
* II
23.
* •<
23.
» ..
23.
* <•
24.
# (J
24.
* II
24.
* II
25.
* II
25.
* It
26.
* <1
27.
* II
27.
* l<
28.
* <1
29?
* <<
29.
* II
30.
* II
31.
* II
81.
"Nov
1.
# ii
2
* II
3.
# ii
4.
# ii
7.
"
13.
* ii
14.
# 11
16.
# 11
17.
# II
17.
*Nbv. 17.
17.
17.
17.
17.
18.
18.
18.
19.
19.
19.
21.
23.
24.
25.
26.
30.
*Dec. 13.
14.
17.
18.
21.
22.
27.
29.
*Jan.
#
*
14.
14.
15.
25.
*Feb. 18.
19.
19.
20.
21.
21.
22.
22.
23.
24.
27.
*March 14.
* " 15.
Leipsic. Rome. 1 Baltischport. Kupfler.
Australia. Lt. 33° 25' S. Lg. 122° 32 E.
Ship Marmion, Lt. 48° 9' N. Lg. 22° 11'.
Schooner Boreas, Lt. 31° 44' N. Lg. 78°.
Ship Arcole, Lt. 44° 46' N. Lg. 46° 40'.
Greenwich. Glaisher. Sliip Creole.
Ship 3Iassachusetts, Lat. 27° N. Lg. 62°.
Ship G. A. Hopley, Lat. 27° N. Lg. 38°.
Baltischport. Kupffer. [Long. 37 c 58 W.
At Sea, Lt. 50° 11' N. Lg. 13° 10 IF
Barque E. Swift, Lt. 55° 10' N. Lg. 9 .
Baltischport. Kupffer. Greenwich.
Greenwich. Glaisher.
Greenwich. Glaisher.
Greemvich. Glaisher.
Greenwich. Glaisher.
Greenwich. Glaisher.
Greemvich. Glaisher.
Ship Marmion, Lt. 57° 46' N. Lg. 20" 6'.
Greemvich. Glaisher.
Ship Arlington, Lt. 42° 2' N. Lg. 55°.
Ship Marmion, Lt. 54° %' N. Lg. 23° 50'.
Greenwich. Glaisher.
Greemvich. Glaisher.
Greemvich. Glaisher.
1849.
Zlatoouste. Kupffer. 3
Aylesbury, Wliilehaven, Maidstone Hill. 3
Eartwell, England. Glaisher.
Ship Creole, Lt. 41° 28' N. Lg. 65° 9'.
Wakefield, England. Glaisher.
Ship Liverpool, Lt. 50° 43' N. Lg. 31°.
Stone, Whilelvn-en , Wakefield. Glaisher.
Whitehaven, Hart well, Greenwich.
At Sea, Lat. 50° If.' N. Long. 12° IF
Harhvell, England. Glaisher.
Hollcham, Aylesbury, Stone. Glaisher.
Norwich, Newcastle, Greenwich.
Whitehaveji, Hart well. Glaisher.
At Sec, Li. 42° 45' N. Lg. 54° 8' IP.
Calherinehourg . Kupffer.
Albion Mines, Nova Scotia. Lefroy.
Lower Saginaw, Michigan. Smith. Rec.
1 Wochenschrift far Astrononiie. Meteorologie etc., II. 385.
2 Annal. de l'Observ. Physique Centrale de Russie, 1S4'.i
Suppl. pp. 125 et 459.
a The Marriages. Births, and Deaths in England. No. 1, p. 31.
2G0
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
♦March 16.
* it
17.
# it
17.
* a
17.
* a
17.
* »
17.
* <i
17.
* tt
18.
* u
18.
* »
18.
* tt
18.
* it
18.
# tt
18.
■ ..
18.
* it
18.
* <<
18.
..
18.
* tt
18.
* «
18.
f <:
18.
* «
19.
..
19.
tt
25.
* «
26.
* «
27.
# (1
28.
£f
29.
# «
30.
# «
31.
*April
* a
1.
2.
* «
13.
* «
13.
# tt
13.
■
13
* n
14.
# it
14.
* tt
14.
* it
17.
# a
18.
* «
20.
* a
20.
# «
20.
* «
21.
!<
21.
* ((
22.
* «
24.
* (I
25.
Ceres, Penn. NewYork Slate. Smith. R.
Fryeburg and Oldtown, Maine.
Dublin and Londonderry, N. H.
Erie, Penn. Indiana. iMich.
Detroit, Lower Saginaw, Battle Creek,
JLlwaukie and Emerald Grove, Wise.
Middlebury, Madrid, Oberlin, Ohio.-
Albion Mines, N. S. Leitoy.
Fryeburg, Oldtown, Bucksport, Maine.
Concord, Londonderry, Dublin, N. H.
East Douglass, Mass? Brattleboro, Vt.
Xi w London, Conn. Gettysburg, Lima,
Lancaster, Morrisville, Canonsburg, Pa.
Newark, Bloomfield, N. J. Washington.
Chesterton- n. Md. AIi .in ndria,Leesburg,Va.
Granville, Middlebury, Oberlin, Summit.
Laporte, Indiana. Southport, Wisconsin.
Detroit, Emerald Grove, Lower Saginaw,
Battle Creek, Mch?
Stone, England. Glaisher.
Albion Mines, N. S. Lefroy.
Detroit, Mich.? Lambertinlle, X.J.
Erie. Pa., Brest, Mich., Oberlin, Ohio.
Lower Saginaw. Michigan. Smith. Rec.
Detroit, Mulligan. Smith. Records.
Detroit, Michigan. Smith. Records.
Middlebury, Summit, Ohio. Smith. Rec.
Oberlin, Ohio. Smith. Records.
Albion Minis, X. S. Lefroy.
Albion Mines, N. S. Lefroy.
Lima, Penn. Smith. Records.
Freeport, Penn. Eeene, Ohio. Smith. Rec.
Battle Creek, Brest, Detroit, Lower Sag.
Southport, Emerald Grove, Milwaukie.
Waukegan, Illinois. Smith. Records.
Windham, Maine. Keene, Ohio.
Battle Creek, Brest, Detroit, Mich.
Waukegan, Illinois. Smith. Records.
Patten, Maine. Smith. Records.
Patten. MaineM Smith. Records.
Albion Mines, iV. <S. Lefroy.
Middletovm, Conn. Smith. Records.
Emerald Grove, Wise. Smith. Rec.
Windham, Maine. Battle Creek, Mich.
Emerald Grove, Wise. Smith. Records.
Lima, Penn. Smith. Records.
Middletovm, Conn. Smith. Records.
Wooster, Ohio. Smith. Records.
*May
* tt
June
*April 26." Albion Mines, N. S. 'Lefroy.
* "■ 26. Wooster, Ohio. Smith. Records.
* " 27. Wooster, Ohio. Smith. Records.
* " 30. Lima, Penn. Smith. Records.
1. Detroit, Michigan. Smith. Records.
6. Fryeburg, Mo inc. Smith. Records.
8. Detroit, Michigan. Smith. Records.
11. Detroit, Michigan. Smith. Records.
12. Bangor, Windham, Maine.
12. Dublin, N. H. Middlebury, Vt.
12. Richmond, Mass., Hartford, Conn.
12. Lower Saginaw, 3Iich., Emerald Isle.
13. Bangor, Maine. Smith. Records.
13. Ship Liverpool, Lt. 51° 15' N. Lg. 13 . 2
15. Bangor, Maine. Smith. Records.
16. Windham, Maine. Burlington, Vt.
17. Bangor, Maine. Lima, Penn. Smith. K.
18. Battle Creek, 3tich. Smith. Records.
25. Bangor, Maine. Manchester, Penn.
30. Manchester, Penn. Smith. Records.
31. Stone, England. Glaisher. 1
4. Lake Nipigon. Lefroy.
10. Lake Nipigon. Lefroy.
10. Burlington, N. J. Smith. Records.
12. Emerald Grove, Wise. Smith. Records.
15. Stone, England. Glaisher.
17. Wellsboro,Penn. Alton, Illinois?
18. Bangor, Maine. Alton, Illinois.' 2
19. Bangor, Maine. Smith. Records.
20. Bangor, Me. Alton, III. Emerald Isle.''
22. Freeport, Penn. Smith. Records.
23. Laporte, Indiana. Smith. Records.
24. Manchester, Penn. Smith. Records.
26. Latimer, England. Glaisher.
30. Alleghany Co., Penn. Smith. Records.
30. Latimer, England. Glaisher.
1. Alleghany Co., Penn. Smith. Records.
9. Battle Creek, Mich. Milwaukie, Wise. 2
* " 10. Alleghany Co., Penn. Smith. Records.
" 11. Manchester and Alleghany Co., Penn.
" 11. Ship Southampton, Lt. 46° N. Lg. 33 . 2
* " 12. Lancaster, Manchester, Penn. Smith. R.
* " 13. Lancaster, Penn. ? Smith. Records.
" 19. Albion Mines, N. S.? Lefroy.
" 19.' Burlington, Vt. Smith. Records.
* " 22. Bangor, Maine. Amherst, Mass.
i Births, Deaths, and Marriages registered in England, No. 2,
p. 31. 2 Smithsonian Records in Manuscript.
July
# it
ON THE PEHIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
261
•July
oo
# u
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Hartford, Conn. Battle Creek, Mich. 1
Bangor, Maine. Amherst, Mass. Hartford.
Gettysburg, Lancaster, Perm. Bloomfield.
Emerald Grove, Wise. Smith. Eecords.
Wooster, Ohio. Battle Creek, Mich.
Bangor, Maine. Hartford, Conn. 1
Albion Mines, N. S. ? Lefroy.
Battle Creek, Mich. Smith. Eecords.
Albion Mines, N. S. Lefroy.
Emerald Grove, Wise. Smith. Eecords.
Lancaster, Penn. Smith. Eecords.
Wolf."
Burlington, Vt. Manchester, Wellsboro, Pa. 1
Burlington, Vt. Smith. Eecords.
Lancaster, Wellsboro, etc., Penn.
Milwaukie and Emerald Grove, Wise. 1
Ship Constellation, Lt. 40° 58' N. Lg. 63 . 1
Albion Mines, N. S. Lefroy.
Whitehaven, England. Glaisher.
Burlington, Vt. Smith. Eecords.
Burlington, Vt. Smith. Eecords.
Bangui; Maine. Smith. Eecords.
Pohr Sea, Lat. 69° K Long. 137° W.
Fryeburg, Hampden, Maine. [Hooper.
Latimer, England. Glaisher.
Peel's River, Fort Hooper. Lefroy.
PeePs Elver, Fort Hooper. Lefroy.
Windham, Me. Amherst, Richmond, Mass.
Battle Creek, Michigan. Smith. Eecords.
Burlington, Vt. Smith. Eecords.
Album Mines, N. S. Lefroy.
Bangor, Windham, Maine. Burlington, Vt.
Richmond. Mass. Alleghany Co., Penn. 1
Bangor, Maine. Smith. Eecords.
Peel's River Fort. Lefroy.
Albion Mines, N. S. Lefroy. Amherst
BuckspoH, Maine. Burlington, Vt. 1
Erie, Gettysburg, Penn. Battle Creek.
Easton, Pen,/. Smith. Eecords.
Oldtoivn, Maine. Smith. Eecords.
Peel's River Fort. Lefroy. Burlington, Vt.
Concord, Dublin, Londonderry, N. H.
Manchester, Penn. Newark, Delaware. 1
Sto nyhu rst, En gla n d. Glaisher.
Peel's River Fort. Lefroy. Bangor, Me.
Concord and Londonderry, N. H. 1
Bangor, BuckspoH, Steuben, Windham, Me.
Montpelier, Burlington, Vt. Dublin, N. H.
a Bull, de l'Acad. Brux. XVI.
•Sept.
18.
# a
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* «
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•Nov.
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* ii
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* ii
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17.
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•Dec
7.
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Mention, Richmond, Mass.
Gettysburg, Penn. Charlotteville, Va. 1
Peel's River. Lefroy.
Bangor, Maine. Alleghany Co., Penn. 1
Lima, Penn. Smith. Eecords.
Albion Mines, N. S. Lefroy.
Emerald Grove, Wise. Smith. Eecords.
Freeport, Maine. Smith. Eecords.
Fort Simpson ? Lefroy.
Bangor, Fryeburg, Maine. Hartford.
Burlington, Vt. Mendon, Mass. 1
BattleCreek, 3Iich. Emerald Grove, Wise.
Fort Simpson, Albion Mines. Lefroy.
Windham, Maine. Dublin, N. H
Richmond, Mass. Newark, Del.
Middleloiun, Salisbury, Harford, Conn.
Lima, Morrisville, Penn. Smith. Records.
Fort Norman ? Lefroy.
Cape Small Point, Me. Smith. Records.
Middletown, Conn. Wellsboro, Penn.
Cambridge, Stonyhurst, Engl. Glaisher.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Montpelier, Vt. Brest, Michigan. 1
Albion Mines, N. S. Lefroy.
Montpelier, Vt. Richmond, Mass. 1
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Burlington, Montpelier, Vt. Battle Creek.
Greenwich, Cardington, Engl. Glaisher.
Lake Nipigon. Lefroy.
Fort Norman? Lefroy.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson. Michipicoton. Lefroy.
BangoK, Maine. Burlington, Vt. 1
Between Fort Norman and Bear Lake.
Burlington, Vt. Smith. Eecords.
Fort Norman ? Lefroy.
Grand Rapids, Michigan. Smith. Eecords.
Michipicoton. Lefroy.
Mich ip icoton. Lefroy.
Michipicoton. Lefroy.
Albion Mines, N. S. Lefroy.
Manchester, Penn. Mount Tabor, Ohio. 1
Fort Simpson, Albioji Mines, N. S. Lefroy.
Ship New York, Lt. 42° 41' N. Lg. 57 . 1
Fort Simpson, Michipicoton. Lefroy.
Bangor, Maine. Amherst, Mass. 1
Hartford, Conn. Mt. Tabor, Ohio.
Michipicoton. Lefroy.
1 Smithsonian Records in Manuscript.
262
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Burlington, Vt. Emerald Grove, Wise.
Burlington, Vt. Smith. Records.
FoH Simpson. Lefroy.
Bangor, Windham, Me. Free/port, Penn?
Fort Simpson, Lake Nipigon. Lefroy.
Mich ipicoton. Lefioy.
Bear Lake ? Lefroy.
Bangor, Maine. Londonderry, X. H?
Lake Nipigon. Lefroy.
Bear Lake ? Lefroy.
1850.
Easlon, Penn. Smith. Records.
Fort Simpson, Michipicoton. Lefroy.
Green wieh. Glaisher. 1
Bear Lake ? Lefroy.
Michipicoton, Toronto. Lefroy.
Bangor, Maine. Lima, Penn?
Fort Simpson, Toronto, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Albion Mines, London, C. W. Lefroy.
Lima, Penn. Monroe, III.
Ogdensburg, X. Y. Salisbury, Conn.
At Sea, Roscius, Lt. 50° N. Lg. 21 117-
Toronto. Lefroy. Bangor. Smith. Rec.
Lima, Pa. New York. Smith. Records.
Halifax. Lefroy.
Dayton, Ohio. Smith. Records.
Montreal. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy. Lima, Pa?
Bear Lake ? Lefroy.
Hartwrfl, England. Glaisher.
Bear Lake ? Michipicoton . Lefroy.
Ship Ashburton from Liverpool to N. Y?
Albion Mines, Fort Simpson, Montreal.
Bangor, Maine. Battle Creek. Mich.
Burlington, 1 7. Madrid, Ogdensburg,N. Y.
Kapposia, Minnesota. Windsor, Conn?
Michipicoton, Lake Nipigon. Lefroy.
Lake Nipigon, Michipicoton. Lefroy.
Ship Aberdeen Lat. 53° 30' N. Lg. 13°. 2
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Ceres, Penn. Smith. Records.
Kingston, Toronto, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Bear Lake ? Quebec, Montreal. Lefroy.
Albion Mines, Halifax. Lefroy.
Ogdensburg, X. Y. Smith. Records.
Whitehaven, Stonyhurst, Durham. Gl.
i Marriages, Births, and Deaths registered in England. No. 5,
p. 31. - Smithsonian Records in Manuscript.
*Dec.
12.
# it
17.
* «
18.
* n
18.
* «
19.
* a
20.
* tt
21.
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*Jan.
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*March
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#
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#
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10.
St. Johns. Lefroy.
St. Johns. Lefroy.
Toronto. Lefroy.
Manchester, England. Glaisher.
Stone, England. Glaisher.
Bear Lake? London ? C. W. Lefroy.
Duchesne $ Orleans, Lt. 47° N. Lg. 39° *
Fort Simpson, Mali ipicoton. Lefroy.
Lake Nipigon '.' Kingston, Toronto. Le.
Bangor, Maine. Smith. Records.
Durham. England. Glaisher.
Fort Simpson, Halifax, St. Johns The.
Lake Nipigon. Lefroy.
Lima, Penn. Smith. Records.
Windsor, Conn. Smith. Records.
Kingston, London, Halifax. Lefroy.
Fort 'Porter, Ogdensburg, X. Y.-
Quebec. Lefroy.
Lake Nipigon, Michipicoton. Lefroy.
Fort Porter, N. Y. Smith. Records.
Lefroy.
Philadelphia. Smith. Records.
Montreal, Kingston, London. Lefroy.
Halifax, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Philadelphia. Smith. Records.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Lake Nipigon, Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Albion Mines, N. S. St. Johns. Lefroy.
Bangor, Maine. Windsor, Conn?
Emerald Grove, Wise. Smith. Records.
Battle Creel:. Mich. Smith. Records.
Windham, Me. Monroe, HI. Smith. 11.
Quebec, Albion Mines, N~. S. Lefroy.
Ha/ifa.e. St. Julius. Lefroy.
St alien. Windha m. Maine. Burlington, Vt.
Lake Nipigon, Quebec, Montreal. Lefroy.
Toront'i, London, Halifax, St. Johns. Le.
Biddeford, Hangar, Thomaston, Maine.
Burlington, Vt. Windsor, Middletoion,
Hartford, Conn. Southunck, Mass.
Emerald Grove, Wise. Smith. Records.
Furt Simpson, Lake Nipigon. Lefroy.
Bangor, Maine. Smith. Records.
Quebec. Lefroy.
Hangar, Steuben, Maine. Dover, Iowa,
Alleghany Co., Penn. Battle Creek.3fich.
Emerald Grove, Kenovia, Milu-aukie?
Whitehaven, England. Glaislver.
Fort Simpson, Kingston, London. Lefroy.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
263
*March 10.
#
it
10.
#
tt
10.
*
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11.
*
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11.
*
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16.
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16.
*
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16.
*
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19.
a
20.
#
it
21.
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21.
a
24.
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25.
#
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26.
27.
a
28.
#
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29.
it
30.
*
it
31.
#
it
31.
#
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31.
*
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31.
#
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#
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*April
1.
*
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5.
*
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6.
#
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6.
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6.
*
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#
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6.
*
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6.
*
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6.
#
a
6.
Thomaston, Elaine. Smith. Records.
Lima, Morristown, Pa. Smith. Records.
Stonyhurst, Nottingham*, Engl. Glaisher.
Fort Simp)son; Lake Nipigon. Lefroy.
Michipicoton, Montreal. Lefroy.
Halifax, Albion Mines. Lefroy.
JFinJsor, Hartford, Conn. Smith. Rec.
Albion, Chautauque, Fort Porter, N. Y.
Seneca Falls. Smith. Records.
Stonyhurst, Greenwich, Engl. Glaisher.
Halifax. Lefroy.
Southwick. Smith. Records.
Fort Simpson, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Michipicoton, Lake Nipigon. Lefroy.
Chautauque, N. Y. Smith. Records.
Lake Nipigon, Michipicoton. Lefroy.
St. Johns, Toronto ? Montreal. Lefroy.
Halifax, Albion Mines. Lefroy.
Steuben, Thomaston, Me. Smith. Rec.
Burlington, Vt. Smith. Records.
Fort Porter, N. Y. Smith. Records.
Fort Porter, N. Y. Smith. Records.
Fort Porter, N. Y. Smith. Records.
Toronto. Lefroy.
Fort Porter, Somerville, N. Y. Smith. R.
Lima, Penn. Smith Records.
Somerville, Penn. ' Smith. Records.
Pose Hill, near Oxford, Engl. Glaisher.
Stone, Engl. Glaisher.
Leeds, Stone, Engl. Glaisher.
Windham, Maine. Smith. Records.
Lake Nipigon, Montreal. Lefroy.
Toronto, Halifax, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Londonderry, N H. Steuben, Maine.
Southwick, Amherst, JIass. Smith. Rec.
Hartford, Windsor, Conn. Smith. Rec.
Lima, Gettysburg, Pa. Smith. Records.
Albion Mines, Toronto, Halifax. Lefroy.
Hartford, Conn. Smith. Records.
Whitehaven, Engl. Glaisher.
Michipicoton, Kingston. Lefroy.
Toronto, London. Lefroy.
Quebec, Montreal. Lefroy.
Biddeford, Oldtown, Patten, &c. Maine.
Dublin, Concord, Londonderry, N. H.
Burlington, Montpelier, Brattleboro, Vt.
Richmond, Amherst, Mass.
Litchfield, Salisbury, Conn.
Albion, N. Y. Bloomfield, N. J.
*April 6. Jlorrisville, Freeport, Lancaster,
* " 6. Manchester, Pittsburg, Burlington,
Gettysburg, Lima, Alleghany Co., Penn.
Battle Creek, Burr Oak, Detroit, Mich.
Milwaukie, Wise. Augusta, Illinois. 1
Durham, England. Glaisher.
Lake Nipigon, Michipicoton. Lefroy.
Quebec, Montreal, London. Lefroy.
Halifax, Albion Mines. Lefroy.
Thomaston, Biddeford, Bucksport,
Oldtown, 3faine. Londonderry, N. H.
Montpelier, Burlington, Vt.
Amherst, Richmond, Southwick, Mass.
Litchfield, Salisbury, Conn.
Burlington, Penn. Bloomfield, N. J.
Battle Creek, Mich. Smith Records.
Lake Nipigon, Michipicoton. Lefroy.
Montreal, Toronto. Lefroy.
'Bucksport, Oldtown, Maine.
Whithead, Thomaston, Maine.
Lima, Penn. Milicaukie, Wise.
Battle Creek, Detroit, Mich. Smith. Rec.
Lake Nipigon, Toronto. Lefroy.
Lake Nipigon, Michipicoton. Lefroy.
Montreal, Albion Mines. Lefroy.
London, Halifax. Lefroy.
Ogdensburg, N. Y. Smith. .Records
Lake Nipigon. Lefroy.
Lake Nipigon, Kingston. Lefroy.
Mirhipicoton, Montreal. Lefroy.
London, Toronto, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Burlington, Vt. Smith. Records.
Thomaston, Maine. Smith. Records.
Lake Nipigon, Michipicoton. Lefroy.
Montpelier, Vt. Eastern, Penn. Lefrov
Easton, Penn. Lefroy.
Easton, Penn. Smith. Records.
Kingston. Lefroy.
Halifax. Lefroy.
Somerville, N. Y. Smith. Records.
Lima, Penn. Smith. Records.
Michipicoton, Quebec. Lefroy.
Easton, Penn. Smith. Records.
Fort Porter, N Y. Smith. Records.
Bear Lake? Lefroy.
Albion Mines, N S. Lefroy.
Ship Edgar, Lat. 46° 58'. Long. 63° 50'. 1
1 Smithsonian Records in Manuscript.
#
«
6.
#
ii
6.
*
ii
6.
#
»
6.
*
ii
7.
*
it
7.
#
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#
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8.
#
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8.
#
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ii
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ii
11.
ii
11.
ii
11.
ii
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#
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u
27.
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28.
it
29.
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30.
May
2.
*
ii
3.
ii
6.
264
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
*May 7.
*
(i
7.
*
tt
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#
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*
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7.
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a
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it
25.
tt
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it
29.
June
1.
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3.
it
5.
a
5.
*
tt
7.
a
8.
tt
8.
it
8.
a
9.
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it
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14.
1ft.
Quebec, Montreal, Toronto. Lefroy.
Whitehead, Fryeburg, Oldtoivn, Maine.
Burlington, Montpelier, Vt.
Dublin, Concord, N. H.
Amherst, Richmond, Mass.
Hartford, Litchfield, Salisbury, Conn.
Lima, Penn. Smith. Records.
Bear Lake? Toronto, Lefroy.
Ship Boscius, Lt. 40° 2' N. Lg. 68° 6' W. 1
Toronto, London ? Lefroy.
Montreal? Lefroy.
Thomaston. Maim-. Smith. Records.
Michipicoton, Albion Alines.' Lefroy.
Toronto, Halifax. Lefroy.
TJiomaston, Maine. Smith. Records.
Bloomfield, N. J. Lima, Penn. Smith. R.
Aylesbury, Oxford, England. Glaisher.
Stonyhurst, Durham, England. Glaisher.
Toronto ? Halifax. Lefroy.
Albion Mines, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Old Town, Thomaston, Me. Smith. Rec.
Albion Mines. Lefroy.
St. Johns? Lefroy.
Halifax. Lefroy.
Michipicoton ? Lefroy
St. Johns ? Lefroy.
Michipicoton ? Lefroy.
Montreal. Lefroy.
Michipicoton, Halifax, Lefroy.
Nottingham, England. Glaisher.
Montreal, Halifax, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Mi/ 'It ijiii toton. Lefroy.
Quin ri/. Illinois. Smith. Records.
Ship Ashburton, Lt, 42° 57' .V. Lg. 41° 48'.
Hi 1 1 fax ? Lefroy.
Quincy, Illinois. Smith. Records.
Michipicoton. Lefroy.
Windsor, Conn. Clocksville, N. Y.
Morrisville, Penn. Smith. Records.
Halifax. Lefroy.
Chautauque, K. T. Smith. Records.
St. Johns. Lefroy.
Madrid, Somerville, Manchester, N. Y.
Manchester, Penn. Smith. Records.
Hartwell House, Oxford. Glaisher.
Bose Hill. England. Glaisher.
Michipicoton, Halifax. Lefroy.
Halifax ? Lefroy.
1 Smithsonian Records in Manuscript.
*June 16.
a
19.
it
20.
*
tt
22.
*
a
23.
a
24.
a
24.
a
26.
it
27.
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28.
#
it
29.
*
it
29.
tt
30.
*Julj
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5.
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5.
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6.
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6.
*
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12.
#
a
12.
*
tt
12.
#
tt
12.
St. Johns ? Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Moose Factory: Lefroy.
Michijiiroloit. Lel'roy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Manchester, Penn. Smith. Records.
Manchester, England. Glaisher.
Moose Factory, Michipicoton. Lefroy.
Montreal, Halifax. Lefroy.
Chesterfield, Nottingham, Engl. Glaisher.
Halifax ? Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Windsor, Conn. Smith. Records.
Moose Factory ? Toronto ? Lefroy.
Moose Factory, St. Johns? Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Toronto. Lefroy.
Somerville, X. Y. Smith. Records.
Manchester, Penn. Smith. Records.
Montrt ai .' Albion Mines, Halifax? he.
Norwich, England. Glaisher.
Montreal, Albion Mines, Halifax.
Frederickton, St. John, N. />'. Lefroy.
Mich ipicoton, Matawagomingen,
Montreal, Halifax? Kingston. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Matawagomingen. Lefroy.
Michipicoton, Halifax, St. Johns. Lefroy
Moose Factory, Michipicoton. Lefroy.
Albion Alines, Montreal. Lefroy.
Toronto, Kingston, Halifax. Lefroy.
Fort Porter, N. Y. Smith. Records.
Moose Factory, Montreal. Lefroy.
Kingston, Toronto, London. Lefroy.
Frederickton, Halifax. Lefroy.
Burlington, Vt. Richmond, Mass. 1
Quebec, Montreal. Lefroy.
Kingston, Toronto, London. Lefroy.
Frederickton, St. John, Halifax. Lefroy.
Biddeford, Fryeburg, Maine.
Patten, Thomaston, Maine.
Dublin, N. H. Burlington, Vt.
Randolph, Richmond, Mass.
Alleghany, Freepori, Manchester, Penn.
Oberlin, Ohio. Sandy Spring, Md. 1
Little Lake, Prairie Portage. Lefroy.
Quebec, Montreal. Lefroy.
Albion Mines, Halifax. Lefroy.
Concord, N. H Smith. Records.
1 Smithsonian Records in Manuscript.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
265
* «
# it
* 11
# <<
it
12.
13.
13.
15.
15.
15.
16.
18.
20.
20.
21.
21.
22.
22.
24.
25.
26.
27.
27.
27.
Alleghany, Penn.
Moose Factory.
Litchfield, Conn.
Jfoose Factory.
Moose Factory.
Moose Factory.
t<
*July 12. Norwich? Nottingham, Engl. Glaisher.
Moose Factory, Halifax, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Concord, N. H. Smith. Records.
Moose Factory, Montreal. Lefroy.
Toronio, Kingston. Lefroy.
London, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Montreal, St. Johns f Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Somerville, N. Y. Smith. Records.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Smith. Records.
Lefroy.
Smith. Records.
Lefroy.
Lefroy.
Lefroy.
Winnipeg River, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Quebec, Montreal, Halifax. Lefroy.
St. Jdins, Frederickton, N.B. Lefroy.
27. Ship Garland, Lai. 51° 25' N. Long. 17° W.
27. Smithsonian Institution.
28. Gd. Rapids, WinnipegRiver, Moose Factory.
28. Miehipicoton, St. Johns. Lefroy.
28 ? Manchester, Penn. Somerville, JN. Y.
28. At Sea, Lat. 51° 36' N. Long. 13° 47' TV.
28. Smithsonian Records.
29. Moose Factory, Malawagomingen. Lefroy.
29. Montreal? Toronto. Lefroy.
29. Kingston, Halifax. Lefroy.
31. Moose Factory, Quebec. Lefroy.
1. Moose Factory, Montreal. Lefroy.
1. Toronto, St. Johns. Lefroy.
2. Moose Factory. Lefroy.
4. Moose Factory. Lefroy.
5. Moose Factory. Lefroy.
6. Moose Factory. Lefroy.
6. Trots Isles near Montreal. Lefroy.
6. Stone, Engl. Glaisher.
7. Moose Factory, Montreal. Lefroy.
7. Fredericton, N. B. Lefroy.
7. Whithead, Maine. Smith. Records.
7. Burlington, Vt. Smith. Records.
8. Moose Factory, Halifax. Lefroy.
8. Burlington, Vt. Smith. Records.
9. Mcintosh Island, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
9. Malawagomingen, Quebec. Lefroy.
9. Montreal, Toronto, Kingston. Lefroy.
VOL. X. 3-4
Aug,
it
# «
C(
# a
# n
# n
# .-<
# <i
# «
# «
a
II
# II
# u
# <l
*Aug. 9.
* " 9
# «
# II
# II
# II
# It
# II
# 11
# (I
It
II
II
9.
9.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
10.
11.
11.
11.
11.
11.
12.
12.
13.
13
13.
15.
16.
16.
16.
16.
17.
17.
18.
18.
19.
21.
23.
26.
26.
28.
28.
29.
29.
30.
31.
Sept. 1.
" 2.
" 2.
" 2.
" 2.
" 2.
* " 3.
* " 3.
ii
# ii
# <i
* u
* a
* «
* K
* II
* «
* «
* It
* 11
# (I
(I
II
Ii
l(
# II
* 11
* 11
ll
London, Halifax, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Alleghany Cj>., Manchester, Penn.
Smithsonian Records.
Emerald Grove, Wise* Smith. Records.
Mcintosh Island, Matawagomingen.
Miehipicoton, Quebec, Toronto. Lefroy.
Frederickton, St. Johns, Halifax. Lefroy.
Litchfield, Conn. Aztalan, Wise.
At Sea, Lat. 42° 54' N. Long. 65° W.
Smithsonian Records.
Matawagomingen. Lefroy.
Quebec, Montreal. Lefroy.
Alleghany Co., Penn. Smith. Records.
At Sea, Lat. 45° 20' N. Long. 66° 40' W.
Smithsonian Institution.
Moose Factory, Halifax? St. Johns. Lefroy.
Allegliany, Penn. Smith. Records.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
JJliithead, Maine. Smithville, N. Y.
Mancliester, Penn. Smith. Records.
Moose Factory? Toronto, Halifax. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Matawagomingen. Lefroy.
Quebec, Montreal? Toronto. Lefroy.
Halifax, St. Johns, Albion Mines. Lefroy.
Manchester, Penn. Smith. Records.
Moose Factory, Matawagomingen. Lefroy.
Toronto, Kingston, London. Lefroy.
Quebec, Montreal. Lefroy.
Kingston, Halifax. Lefroy.
Cumberland Lake, Miehipicoton. Lefroy.
Stone, Dunino? Engl. Glaisher.
Moose Factory, Matawagomingen. Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Alleghany Co., Penn. Smith. Records.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Manchester, Penn. Smith. Records.
Frog Portage, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Fredericton, St. Johns, Halifax. Lefroy.
Martin's Falls, St. Johns? Halifax. Lefroy.
Martin's Falls, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, London, Halifax. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Martin's Falls, Albion Mines. Lefroy.
Kingston, Toronto. Lefroy.
London? Halifax.. Lefroy.
Fort Porter, N. Y. Smith. Records.
Fort Simpson, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Quebec, Montreal, Toronio. Lefroy.
266
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
*Sept. 3.
#
" 3.
*
« 3.
*
" 4.
#
" 4.
#
" 4.
*
" 4.
#
" 4.
*
' 5.
*
< 5.
#
" 5.
#
' 6.
* <
• 6.
*
< 6.
*
C T
1 1 .
* i
' 7.
#
' 7.
# i
; 7.
#
' 7.
# i
' 8.
*
' 8.
*
' 8.
* <
' 9.
* i
' 10.
# <
' 10.
*
• 10.
*
' 10.
*
' 11.
# i
< 12.
*
' 12.
* i
' 13.
* i
' 13.
* i
< 13.
* <
• 13.
# t
' 14.
* <
' 14.
* <
' 14.
* <
' 15.
* e
' 15.
* t
' 15.
# t
' 18.
' 24.
' 27.
* i
' 28.
# t
' 28.
* <
' 28.
* i
' 28.
#
' 28.
Kingston, London, Halifax. Lefroy.
Burlington, Vt. Smith. Records.
Alleghany, Lima, Penn. Smith. Records.
Fort Simpson, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Matawagomingen, Quebec. Lefroy.
Montreal, Albion Mines., Lefroy.
Fredericton, Halifax. Lefroy.
Lima, Penn. Smith. Records.
Fort Simpson, Below Portage Canot Cassi.
Moose Factory, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
Matawagomingen. Lefroy.
Portage d'Epingle, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Martin's Falls, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Nottingham, Engl. Glaisher.
Moose Factory, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
Matawagomingen, Quebec. Lefroy.
Albion Mines, Toronto, London. Lefroy.
Battle Creek, Mieh. Smith. Records.
Wisconsin,. Smith. Records.
Fort Simpson, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Montreal? Lefroy.
Somerville, N. Y. Smith. Records.
Fort Simpson, Matawagomingen. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Toronto. Lefroy.
Fredericton, St. Johns, Halifax. Lefroy.
Aztalan, Wise. Smith. Records.
Nottingham, Engl. Glaisher.
Belle Fontaine Farm, Wise. Smith. Rec.
Halifax. Lefroy.
Alleghany Co., Penn. Smith. Records.
Moose Factory, Quebec, Kingston. Lefroy.
Sh ipHendrick Hudson, Lt. 41° N. Lg. 58° W.
Smithsonian Records..
Nottingham, Hawarden, Engl. Glaisher.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Fredericton, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Stone, Engl. Glaisher.
Fort Simpson, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
Quebec, Montreal, Albion Mines. Lefroy.
Burlington, Vt. Smith. Records.
Moose Factory, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Miirtin's Falls. Lefroy.
Martin's Falls, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Martin's Falls, Quebec Lefroy.
Albion MineSy Kingston. Lefroy.
Fredericton, Halifax. Lefroy.
Battle Creek, Mich. Smith. Records.
Hartwell House, Engl. Glaisher.
*Sept
28.
* a
29.
# u
29.
# tt
29.
* u
30.
* «
30.
* ((
30.
* M
30.
# It
30.
* ((
30.
*Oct.
1.
# <(
1.
* u
1.
* «
1.
* U
1.
* u
1.
* u
1.
* «
1.
* it
1.
* it
1.
* it
1.
» it
2.
* a
2.
* «
2.
* a
2.
# <(
2.
* u
2.
* ti
2.
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2.
* u
2.
* a
2.
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3.
* it
3.
* a
3.
* tt
3.
* it
3.
* a
3.
* a
5.
* it
5.
* tt
6.
* it
6.
* tt
6.
# tt
6.
* a
6.
* u
7.
* it
7.
* a
7.
* »
7.
Hartwell Rectory, Stone, Engl. Glaisher.
Moose Factory, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
Matawagomingen, Kingston. Lefroy.
Toronto, Michipicpton. Lefroy.
Martin's Falls, Quebec. Lefroy.
Montreal, Albion Mines, Toronto. Lefroy.
London, Fredericton. Lefroy.
Halifax, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Burlington, Vt. Fryeburg, Me. Smith. Rec.
Battle Creek, Mich. Smith. Records.
Albion Mines, Toronto. Lefroy.
Halifax, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Bucksport, Me. Burlington, Vt. Smith. Rec
Amherst, Mass. Smith. Records.
Battle Creek, Burr Oak, Mich. Smith. Rec.
Mitiranhic, Wise. Smith. Records.
Mithllitoirn. Conn. Bloomfield, N. J.
Lima, MorrisviUe, Philadelphia, Penn.
At Sea, ShipHcmlrick, Lt. 40° N. Lg. 72° W.
AtSea, Ship Ashburton, LttiVN. Lg. 65° W.
Smithsonian Records.
Perl's liioer, Moose Factory. Lefray.
Matawagomingen, Toronto. Lefroy.
Mirhipicoton, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
Kings/on, London, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Dublin, X. If. Amherst, Mass. Smith. Rec.
Hartford, Conn. Chautauque, N. T.
Bloomfield, N J. Alleghany, Penn.
Frrr/mrt. Manrhester, MorrisviUe, Penn.
Battle Creek, Howell, Burr Oak, Mich.
Smithsonian Records.
Fort Confidence, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Montreal, Kingston. Lefroy. [Eec.
Amherst, Mass., Gourtland, N. Y. Smith.
Manchester, Lima, Penn. Smith. Rec.
At Sea, Ship Yorktown, Lt. 40° N. Lg. 68° W.
Smithsonian Records.
Moose Factory, Kingston. Lefroy.
Toronto, Fredericton, Halifax. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Martin's Falls, Quebec. Lefroy.
Matawagomingen. Lefroy.
Battle Creek, Burr Oak, Mich. Smith. Rec.
At Sea, Ship Yorktown, LtAV N. Lg. 55° W.
Fort Confidence. Lefroy.
Quebec, Halifax. Lefroy.
At Sea, Connecticut, Lt. 46° N. Lg. 38° W.
Smithsonian Records.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
267
•Oct 8.
* II
8.
* II
8.
• II
8.
* II
8.
# II
9.
* II
9.
# 11
9.
» II
9.
it
10.
1 1
11.
It
11.
* It
12.
it
13.
# 11
14.
* It
14.
# <<.
* It
14.
15.
II
16.
# II
IT.
11
18.
tt
25.
* ((
27.
# II
27.
* II
27.
* II
27.
* II
27.
# It
28.
* It
28.
# II
28.
# 11
29.
* 11
29.
# 11
29.
# l(
29.
# 11
29.
* 11
29.
1 1
30.
"
30.
•'
30.
1 1
30.
tt
30.
tt
30.
It
30.
» 11
31.
# II
31.
Nov
. 1.
(i
2.
«
2.
Fort Confidence, London. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
Halifax, St. Johns, Lefroy.
At Sea, Connecticut, Lt. 45° If. Lg. 43° W.
Smithsonian Records.
Fort Confidence, Peel's River. Lefroy.
3Ioose Factory, Lefroy.
Fredericton, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Burlington, VI. Smith. Records.
Fort Confidence, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Peel's River. Lefroy.
Alleghany, Penn. Smith. Records.
Fort Confidence. Lefroy.
Montreal, Toronto. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence, Halifax. Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Philadelphia, Penn. Smith. Records.
Fort Confidence, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
3far tin's Falls, Fredericton, Halifax. Lefroy.
Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence, Montreal. Lefroy.
Matawagomingen. Lefroy.
Kingston, Toronto. Lefroy.
Aztalan, Wise. Smith. Records.
Orenbourg. Anitsehkoff.
Fort Confidence, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
MUrtin's Falls, Kingston, Toronto. Lefroy.
London, Halifax, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
Quebec, Toronto. Lefroy.
London, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Burlington, VI. Amherst, Mass. Smith. Rec.
At Sea, Henry Clay, Lt. 43° N. Lg. 43° W.
Smithsonian Records.
Matawagomingen, Quebec. Lefroy.
Peel's River, Moose Factory. Lefroy,
Michipicoton, Montreal. Lefroy.
Toronto, London, Halifax. Lefroy.
Fredericton, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Burlinglon,Vl. Litchfield, Conn. Smith. Rec.
Somerville, Ogdehsburg, N. T. Smith. Rec.
Peel's River, Moose Factory.
Martin's Fall. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Lefroy.
Peel's River, Moose Factory.
Michipicoton, Martin's Falls.
Lefroy.
Lefroy.
Lefroy.
Nov. 2. Albion Mines, Fredericton. Lefroy.
" 3. Fredericton. Lefroy.
" 3. Orenbourg. Anitsehkoff.
" 4. At Sea, Skip Henry Clay, Lt. 43°. Lg. 54° IV.
" 4. Smithsonian Records.
*' 5. Fort Good Hope. Lefroy.
" 6. Athabasca, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
" 6. Fort Good Hope, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
6. Matawagomingen, Kingston. Lefroy.
7. Fort Confidence, Athabasca. Lefroy.
7 . Moose Factory, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
7. Fort Good Hope, Michipicoton. Lefroy.
7. Quebec, Fredericton. Lefroy.
7. Burlington, VI. Smith. Records.
8. Athabasca, Fort Good Hope. Lefroy.
8. Moose Factory, Peel's River. Lefroy.
9. Fort Confidence, Athabasca. Lefroy.
9. Moose Factory, 3fartin's Falls, Quebec.
9. Fort Good Hope, Toronto. Lefroy. [Rec.
9. Somerville, N. Y. Alleghany Co., Pa. Smith.
10. Fort Confidence, Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
10. Moose Factory, Fort Good Hope. Lefroy.
10. Martin's Falls, Halifax. Lefroy.
10. Toronto, Fredericton. Lefroy.
10. Burlington, Vt. Smith Records.
11. Fort Ghipewyan. Lefroy
11. Peel's River, Fort Good Hope. Lefroy.
11. Martin's Falls, Quebec. Lefroy.
11. Burlington, Vt. Smith. Records.
" 12. Lake Athabasca, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
" 12. Fredericton, Quebec. Lefroy.
" 12. Alleghany, Penn. Lefroy.
" 13. Fort Confidence, Fort Good Hope. Lefroy.
" 13. Moose Factoi-y, Peel's River. Lefroy.
" 13. Fredericton. Lefroy.
" 14. Fort Good Hope, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
" 15. Fort Confidence, Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
" 16. Peel's River, Fort Good Hope. Lefroy.
" 17. Fort Good Hope, Quebec. Lefroy.
" 18. Fort Good Hope, Peel's Ri-Oer. Lefroy.
" 19. Fort Confidence, Fort Good Hope. Lefroy.
" 20. Fort Good Hope. Lefroy.
" 21. Fort Confidence, Fort Good Hope. Lefroy.
" 21. Moose Factory ? Lefroy.
" 21. Alleghany Co., Penn. Lefroy.
" 24. Fort Confidence, Peel's River. Lefroy.
25. Fort Good Hope, Peel's River. Lefroy.
25. Moose Factory, Fredericton. Lefroy.
a
* a
* ii
* ii
* ii
* ii
* ii
* ii
it
a
# ii
# ii
# ii
# ii
# ii
# it
# ii
# k
# k
# ii
268
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Nov. 26.
«
26.
ft
26.
«
28.
u
28.
ft
29.
* «
30.
* a
30.
•Dec
1.
a
2.
<<
2.
* «
3.
* a
3.
# (i
3.
* «
4.
* u
4.
* u
6.
* «i
6.
* «
8.
* «
8.
ft
9.
* u
10.
# ft
10.
# ft
11.
* ft
11.
* ft
11.
ft
13.
* ft
15.
ft
16.
ft
16.
ft
16.
ft
19.
ft
21.
ft
22.
ft
22.
* ft
23.
* ft
23.
ft
24.
ft
24.
ft
25.
* ft
26.
# ft
26.
* ft
26.
* ft
27.
* 1(
27.
# ft
27.
* ft
27.
* «
28.
Athabasca, Fort Good Hope. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Quebec. Lefroy.
Fredericton, Halifax. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Hartford, Conn. Smith. Records.
Fort Good Hope, Peel's River. Smith. Rec
Fort Confidence, Fort Good Hope. Lefroy.
Martin's Falls, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence, Athabasca. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Lefroy.
Peel's River, 3Ioose Factory. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Lefroy.
Somerville, N. Y. Smith. Records.
Manchester, Alleghany, Pa. Smith. Rec.
Fort Confidence. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
Michi]ricoto7i. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Lefroy.
Moose Factor)/, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
La l;a Athabasca. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence, Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence, Peel's River. Lefroy.
I.ciris and Petty, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, 3Iartin's Falls. Lefroy.
Neivfoundland , Sitka ? Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Newfoundland. Lefroy.
Fort Confidenre, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Lewis and Pelly, Quebec. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence, Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca, Halifax. Lefroy.
Concord, N. II. Smith. Records.
Fort Confidence, Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Martin's Falls, Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
Michipicoton, Quebec. Lefroy.
Newfoundland. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Lefroy.
*Dec. 28. Lake Athabasca, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
* " 28. Halifax, Fredericton. Lefroy.
* " 29. Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
* " 29. Peel's River, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
30. Lake Athabasca. ■ Lefroy.
30. Martin's Falls, Peel's River. Lefroy.
30. Moose Factory, Quebec. Lefroy.
31. Fort Confidence, Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
31. Moose Factory, Peels River. Lefroy.
1851.
Fort Confidence, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Harvard, a, Engl. Glaisher.
Fort Confidence, Moose, Factory. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca, Wlrfin's Falls. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Lewis and Petty, Martin's Falls. Lefro}-.
*Jan
1.
* «
1.
# ft
1.
# ft
2.
* ft
2.
* ii
3.
* ft
3.
* «
4.
ft
5.
ft
5.
ft
5.
»
7.
ft
9.
«
9.
ft
10.
«
11.
ft
12.
ii
13.
<i
14.
* ft
15.
ii
16.
«
16.
ft
16.
ft
16.
«
18.
it
18.
* ii
19.
* <(
19.
# ft
19.
* «
19.
* «
20.
# ft
20.
* «
21.
f «
21.
# ii
21.
* (i
21.
Lefroy.
Lefroy.
Fort Confidence, Peel's River.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Lima, /'run. Smith. Records.
Hawarden, Engl. Glaisher.
Fort Confidence, Moose Factory.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Highfield' House, Engl. 1 Glaisher,
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Lima, l'enn. Smith. Records.
/', i I's Hirer. Lefroy. »
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Peel's River. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Albion .Wines, Lewis and Pelly.
Quebec, Newfoundland. Lefroy,
Fredericton, Halifax. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence, Moose Factory.
Lake Athabasca, Albion Mines.
Lake Athabasca, Yoncou. Lefroy.
Lewis and Petty, Halifax. Lefroy. 1
Newfoundland, Fredericton. Lefroy.
Atileboro', Mass. Smith. Records.
Lewis and Pelly, Yoncou. Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca, Yoncou. Lefroy.
Peel's River, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Quebec, Albion Mines. Lefroy.
Halifax, Fredericton. Lefroy. t
1 Near Nottingham.
Lefroy.
Lefroy.
Lefroy.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
269
*Jan. 21.
4!
22.
a
22.
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22.
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22.
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26.
# «
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# (I
27.
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Feb
1.
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4.
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5.
, AtUeboro', Bloom field, N. J. Smith. Rec.
. Fort Confidence, Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
, Peel's River, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
. Michipicoton, London. Lefroy.
Newfoundland. Lefroy.
AtUeboro, Milwaukie. Smith. Records.
Battle Greek, Beloit, Mich. Smith. Eec.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Beloit, Mich. Smith. Records.
Lake Athabasca, Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
Stonyhurst, Dunino, Engl. Glaisher.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
Albion 3fines, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
Peel's River, Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Yoncou, Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
Michipicoton, Fredericton. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence, Yoncou. Lefroy.
Peel's River, Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
Albion Mines,- Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
Quebec, Fredericton. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca, Yoncou. Lefroy.
Lewis and Pelly, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
Newfoundland. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
3foose Factory, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Martin's Falls, Halifax. Lefroy.
Peel's River. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Yoncou; Halifax. Lefroy.
Newfoundland. Lefroy.
Highfield House, Stonyhurst. Glaisher.
Dunino, Rose Hill. Glaisher.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Newfoundland. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence, Yoncou. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Michipicoton, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Quebec, Montreal. Lefroy.
Toronto, Halifax. Lefroy.
34*
*Feb.
# tt
# a
# tt
# tt
# tt
5. Burlington. Smith. Records.
5. Madrid, Ogdensburg, N. Y. Smith. Rec.
5. At Sea, Ship Hendrick Hudson, Lat. 49° N.
5. Smithsonian Records. [Lg. 21° 35' W.
5. North Shields, Durham, Engl. Glaisher.
6. Fort Confidence, Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
6. Peel's River, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
6. Michipicoton, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
6. Montreal, Halifax. Lefroy
6. Newfoundland. Lefroy.
6. Rose Hill, Engl. 1 Glaisher.
7. Fort Confidence, Yoncou. Lefroy.
7. Moose Factory, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
7. Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
7. Manchester, Penn. Smith. Records.
7. Stone, Engl. Glaisher.
8. Fort Confidence, Lake Ailiabasca. Lefroy.
8. Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
9. Fort Confidence, Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
9. Moose Factory, Newfoundland. Lefroy.
9. At Sea, Lat. 51° N. '? Long. 28° 50' W. ?
9. Smithsonian Records.
10. Laloe Atlvabasca, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
10. Martin's Falls, Michipicoton. Lefroy.
10. At Sea, Hendrick Hudson, Lat. 51° 12' N.
10. Smithsonian Records. [Long. 28° W.
11. Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
11. Martin's Falls, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
11. Jersey, Engl. Glaisher.
12. Lake Athabasca, PeeVs River ? Lefroy.
12. Lewis and Pelly, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
14. Lake Athabasca, Lefroy.
15. Lake Athabasca, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
17. Peel's River. Lefroy.
17. Somerville, N. Y. Smith. Records.
17. Philadelphia, Gettysburg, Pa. Smith. Rec.
17, Detroit, Jffich. Smith. Records.
18. Fort Confidence, Yoncou. Lefroy.
18. Peel's River, Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
18. Martin's Falls, Moose Factory. Lefroy.'
18. Michipicoton, Albion Mines. Lefroy.
18. Quebec, Matawagomingen. Lefroy.
18. Montreal, Toronto, London, Lefroy.
18. Newfoundland, Halifax. Lefroy.
18. Fryeburg, Maine, Dublin, N. H. Smith. Rec.
18. Burlington. Vt. Richmond,Mass. Smith. Rec.
18. Chautauque, Syracuse, N. Y. Smith. Rec.
1 Near Oxford.
270
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
♦Feb
18.
# u
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# tt
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MorrisviUe, &c, Pa. Bloomfietd, N. J.
Sandy Spring, Md. Smith. Records.
Detroit,Brest,BattleCreek,Mich . Smith. R.
Emerald Grove, Beloit, Wise. Smith. R.
Milwaukie, Taber, Wise. Smith. Records.
GreenCastle, Ind. Augusta, 111. Smith. Rec.
At Sea, Ship Marmion, Lt. 40° 30'. Lg. 67°.
Smithsonian .Records. [23' W.
Grantham, Stone, Engl. Glaisher.
Fort Confidence, Martin's Fails. Lefroy.
Halifax, Abian Mines. Lefroy.
Newfoundland. Lefroy.
HurltngtoiijVt. Somerville, X. Y. Smith. R.
Hawarden, Durham, lhtnino. Glaisher.
PeeVs River, Leivis and Pelhj. Li-fmy.
Martin's Falls, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Michipicoton. Lefroy.
Hartford, Conn. Smith. Records.
Hawarden, Engl. Glaisher.
Fort Confidence, PeePs River. Lefroy.
/. wis and Petty, Moose Factory, Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca, Yoncou. Lefroy.
PeeVs River, Kingston. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca, Leu-is and Petty. Lefroy.
Durham, Engl. Glaisher.
Fort Confidence, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca, Lewis and Petty. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
Hawarden, Engl. Glaisher.
Fort Confidence. Lefroy.
PeeVs River, Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Montreal. Lefroy.
Burlington,Vt. Ogdensburg,N. V. Smith.R.
Fo>t Confidence, Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Hartford, Conn. Smith. Records.
Fort Confidence. Lefroy.
Lewis and Pelhj, Moose Factor//. Lefroy.
Martin's Falls, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Kenosha, Wise. Smith. Records.
Lake Athabasca, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Leivis and Petty, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Michipicoton, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
Yoncou, Toronto, London. Lefroy.
Quebec, Newfoundland. Lefroy.
Chautauque, Houseville, N. Y. Smith. Rec.
Emerald Grove, Aztalan, Wise Smith .Rec.
*Feb.
28.
♦March 1.
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14.
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14.
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14.
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15.
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18.
Greencastle, Indiana. Smith. Records.
Fort Confidence, Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Leu-is and Petty, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Martin's Falls, Albion Mines. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Lewis and Felly, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Matawagomingen, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
Michipicoton, Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Halifax, Kingston, Toronto. Lefroy.
Newfoundland, Albion Mines. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca, Peel's River, Moose Fac.
Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
Alleghany Co., Penn. Smith. Records.
Lake Athabasca, Moose Factory. Lefroj .
Luke Athabasca. Lefroy.
Lalce Athabasca. Lefroy.
Leivis and Pelhj, PeeSs River. Lefroy.
Lima, Penn. Smith. Records.
Fort ( 'onfidence, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Martin's Fills. Quebec, Lefroy.
Kingston, Toronto, London. Lefroy.
Newfoundland. Lefroy.
Ogdensburg, N. Y. Smith. Reeonl-.
Stone, llartircll Rectory,, Engl. Glaishej
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Stone, Engl. Glaisher.
Fort Confidence. Lefroy,
Perl's Hirer, Mi'ise Factory. Lefroy.
Martin's Falls, Halifax. Lefroy.
Montreal, London. Lefroy.
Newfoundland. Lefroy.
Alleghany Co., Penn. Smith. Records.
North Shields, Engl. Glaisher.
Fort Confidence, Laiee Athabasca. Lefroy.
Lewis, and Petty, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Michipicoton, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
Neufoundland, Yoncou. Lefroy.
Lala Athabasca, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
At Sea, Barque Mason Barney, Lt. 13° 46'.
Smithsonian Reeoids. \_Long. 53° 43'.
Lake Athabasca. Montreal. Lefroy.
Kingston, Halifax. Lefroy.
Mail eiil. X. Y. Smith. Records.
Durham, Engl. Glaisher.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Newfoundland. Lefroy.
Halifax. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
271
' March 18.
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31.
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31.
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♦April
1.
#
it
1.
Lefroy.
Lefroy.
Lefroy.
Hartwell, Engl. Glaisher.
3foose Factory. Lefroy.
Alleghany Co., Penn. Smith. Kecords.
Peel's River, Yoncou. Lefroy.
Martin's Falls, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Lima, Penn. Smith. Records.
Fort Confidence, Yoncou. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Martin's Falls, Moose Factory. Lefroy,
Michipicoton, Toronto. Lefroy.
Matawagomingen, Quebec. Lefroy.
Montreal, Kingston. Lefroy.
North Attleboro', Mass. Smith. Records,
Lima, Penn. Smith. Records.
Peel's River, Lewis and Pelly.
Halifax ? Lefroy.
Lima? Penn. Smith. Records.
Fort Confidence, Moose Factory.
Martin's Falls, Lewis and Pelly.
Alleghany, Penn. Smith. Records.
Beloit, Wise. Smith. Records.
Fort Confidence, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca, Halifax. Lefroy.
Beloit, Wise. Smith. Records.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Peel's River, Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
Martin's Falls, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Mil \h i/a'i ■oton. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Lefroy.
Lewis and, Pelly, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Late Athabasca, Peel's Hirer. Lefroy.
Michipicoton, Toronto. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence, Yoncou. Lefroy.
Lake Athabasca, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Lewis and Pelly, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
Toronto, Albion Mines. Lefroy.
Newfoundland, Halifax. Lefroy.
Alleghany Co., Penn. Smith. Records.
Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Peel's River, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
Alleghany, Lima, Penn. Smith. Records.
Fort Confidence, Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Martin's Falls. Lefroy.
Kingston, Lake Athabasca. Lefroy.
Michipicoton, Montreal. Lefroy.
Toronto, London. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence, Fort Chipewyan. Lefroy.
Lewis and Pelly, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
April 2.
#
«
3.
#
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3.
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3.
#
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3.
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*
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5.
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#
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8.
a
9.
tt
9.
it
10.
tt
10.
n
11.
tt
11.
a
12.
it
13.
tt
14.
tt
16.
it
16.
#
it
17.
it
18.
tt
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#
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tt
20.
tt
20.
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21.
tt
21.
#
tt
22.
#
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22.
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22.
it
23.
it
23.
a
23.
it
24.
tt
24.
tt
25.
tt
26.
a
27.
tl
27.
Fort Chipewyan. Lefroy.
Fort Chipewyan. Lefroy.
Peel's River, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Michipicoton, Toronto. Lefroy.
Alleghany Co.,Lima,Penn. Sinith.Records.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Fort Chipewyan, Yoncou. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
Michipicoton. Lefroy.
Yoncou, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Michipicoton, Montreal. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Lefroy
Fort Chipewyan, Quebec. Lefroy,
Burlington, Vt. Smith. Records.
Leeds, Engl. Glaisher.
Fort Chipewyan. Lefroy.
Alleghany Co., Penn. Lefroy.
Fort Confidence. Lefroy.
Fort Chipewyan, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Fort Chipewyan, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Alleghany Co., Penn. Smith. Records.
Fort Confidence, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Michipicoton. Lefroy.
Yoncou. Lefroy.
Fort Chipewyan. Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Fort Chipewyan, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Michipicoton. Lefroy.
Yoncou, 3foose Factory, Quebec. Lefroy.
Fort Chipewyan. Lefroy.
Nottingham, Engl. Glaisher.
Fort Chipewyan. Lefroy,
Fort Chipewyan. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Michipicoton. Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Hawarden, Grantham, Engl. Glaisher.
Fort Chipewyan. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Michipicoton. Lefroy.
Quebec, Halifax. Lefroy.
Fort Chipewyan, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Michipicoton. Lefroy.
Albion Mines, Halifax. Lefroy.
Yoncou. Lefroy.
Lima, Penn. Smith. Records.
3/oose Factory, Halifax. Lefroy.
Halifax. Lefroy.
Fort Chipewyan, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Halifax, Albion Mines. Lefroy.
272
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
April 27
It
28.
It
28.
It
28.
it
29.
it
29.
* it
30.
*3Iay
* «
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1.
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18.
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June 1.
«
3.
it
4.
* it
5.
* ti
5.
* tt
5.
# tt
5.
# tt
5.
Dubuque, Iowa. Smith. Records.
Fort Chipewyan. Lefroy.
Yoncou, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Michipicoton, Halifax. Lefroy.
Fort Chipewyan. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Halifax. Lefroy.
Fort Chipewyan, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Quebec. Lefroy.
Michipicoton, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Hartford, Conn., Lima, Perm. Smith. Kec.
Bait, and Ohio Railroad, Md. Smith. Rec.
BattleCreek,Mich.,Beloit, Wise. Smith. Rec.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Michipicoton. Lefroy.
Hartford, Conn. Smith. Records.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Hartford, Conn. Smith. Records.
Moose Factory. Lefroj T .
Moose Factory, Mich ipicoton. Lefroy.
Kingston, Toronto. Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
St. Johns. Lefroy.
St. Johns. Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Whitehaven, Engl. Lefroy.
St. Johns. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Hartford, Conn. Smith. Records.
Moose Factory, Michipicoton. Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Somerville, N. Y., Keene, Ohio. Smith. Rec.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Moose Factory ? Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Mouth of St. Laicrence. Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Michipicoton. Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Moose Factory ? Lefroy.
Dalhousie, C. E. Lefroy.
London, G. W. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Quebec. Lefroy.
Mich ipicoton, Dalhousie. Lefroy.
Montreal, Toronto. Lefroy.
St. Johns, Mouth of St. Lawrence. Lefroy.
Londonderry, N. H. Smith. Rec. t
*June. 5.
* a
5.
a
6.
a
6.
a
13.
a
14.
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15.
tt
16.
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19.
it
20.
it
20.
tt
20.
a
20.
it
21.
tt
22.
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23.
it
24.
tt
24.
tt
26.
it
26.
* tt
27.
* «
27.
* a
27.
«
30.
♦July 2.
tt
3.
tt
3.
it
4.
a
10.
u
11.
it
12.
* a
13.
it
14.
tt
15.
* k
17.
* «
17.
# a
17.
* a
17.
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18.
u
20.
a
23.
a
23.
tt
24.
tt
25.
* a
26.
* ti
26.
* it
26.
it
27.
jr,'dillebury,Vt.,Ogdensburg, X. Y. Smith. R.
Springfield, Mass., Neiv Haven, Conn. S. R.
At Sea, Ship Yorktown, Lat, 39° 53' N.
Smithsonian Records. [Long. 5'J II.
Moose Factory, Toronto. Lefroy.
3Ioose Factory. Lefroy.
31oose Factory. Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Nottingham, Engl. Glaisher.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Dalhousie, London. Lefroy.
Ogdensburg, N. Y. Smith. Records.
Nottingham, Engl. Glaisher.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Freeporl, Penn. Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
( 'eres, Penn. Lefroy.
Michipicoton, Toronto. Lefroy.
Mouth of St. Lawrence. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Montreal. Lefroy.
Concord. N. 11. Smith. Kecords.
Geres, Penn. Smith. Records.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Quebec. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, London. Lefroy.
Albion Mines, St. Julius.
New Harmony, Indiana.
Michipicoton. Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Quebec ? Toronto ? Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Albion Mines, Toronto. Lefroy.
Michipicoton, Kingston. Lefroy.
Londonderry, N. H Lefroy.
Bloomfield, N. J. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Toronto. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Michipicoton. Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Quebec, Montreal. Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Michipicoton.
Michipicoton. Lefroy.
Kingston, Toronto. Lefroy.
Old Town, Maine. Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Lefroy.
Smith. Records.
Lefroy.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
273
July 2S. Moose Factory- Lefroy.
" 28. New York. Smith. Records.
" 29. Moose Factory. Lefroy.
" 30. Moose Factory, Lefroy.
31. Moose Factory. Lefroy.
" 31. New York. Lefroy.
August 1. Moose Factory. Lefroy.
2. Moose Factory. Lefroy.
" 3. Moose Factory, St. John*. Lefroy.
4. Moose Factory ? Lefroy.
" 5. Moose Factory, Toronto. Lefroy.
T. Moose Factory, Montreal? Lefroy.
■' 13. Stone, Engl. Glaisher.
•' 1-4. Stone. Engl. Glaisher.
" IT. Matawagomingen. Lefroy.
" 18. Moose Factory. Lefroy.
" 20. Moose Factory, Toronto. Lefroy.
'■' 20. Matawagomingen. Lefroy.
" 21. Moose Factory. Lefroy.
" 21. Abreast of Sambro Liyltt, X. S. Lefroy.
21. Nottingham, Engl. Glaisher.
" 23. Albion Mines. Lefroy.
24. Fort Simpson, Toronto. Lefroy.
24. Moose Factory, London. Lefroy.
24. Battie Greek. Mich. Smith. Records.
24. llawarden, North Shields. Glaisher.
2.V Moose Factory? Lefroy.
25. At Sea, Lot. 49° 44' N? Long. 41° 6' W.
26. Moose Factory, Kingston. Lefroy.
26. Matawagomingen. Lefroy.
26. Toronto, London. Lefroy.
27. Moose Factory. Lefroy.
_ s . Down the Mackenzie Hirer. Lefroy.
29. Lewis and Felly, Montreal. Lefroy.
29. Kingston, Toronto. Lefroy.
29. Albion Mines, St. Johns. Lefroy.
29. Sugar Grove, Pcan. Lefroy.
29. Battle Greek, Mich., Emerald Grove, Wise.
29. At Sea, Lot. 51 c 25' N? Long. 10° 30 W,
30. Moose Factory. Lefroy.
30. Albion Mines, 'Toronto. Lefroy. [Rec.
30. Londonderry, N.H., Madrid, JV.JT. Smith.
30. BattleCreek, Mich.. Emerald Grove, Wise.
30. At Sea, Ship Wisconsin, Lt. 48°. Lg. 37°.
30. At Sea, Ship Roscius, Lt. 48° 59'. L\g. 35°.
30. At Sea, Ship J. E. Donnell, Lat. 39 c 52'.
30. Smithsonian Institution. [Lg. 69° 8' W.
30. Stonyhurst, Whitehaven, Engl. Glaisher.
VOL. X. 35
*
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* August 31
* " 31
* " 31.
* " 31.
♦Sept. 1.
2.
3.
3.
3.
3.
3-
3.
3.
3.
3.
4.
4.
4.
4.
5.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
6.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
7.
8.
8.
8.
9.
10.
10.
11.
14.
14.
3Ioose Factory. Lefroy.
Toronto, St. Johns. Lefroy.
At Sea, Ship Wisconsin, Lat. 48° 59'.
Smithsonian Records. [Lg. 40° 8' W.
Moose Factory ? Lefroy.
Moose Factorij, Matawagomingen. Lefroy.
Lewis and Pelly, Daflwusie. Lefroy.
Montreal, Albion Mines. Lefroy.
Whitehead, Maine. Smith. Records.
Oydensburg, Rochester, X. Y. Smith. Rec.
Madrid, Seneca Falls, X. Y. Smith. Rec.
MadisonC.H.,Va.,Augusta, 111. Smith. R.
Mil waukie,Wisc.,Detroit, Mich. Smith. R.
At Sea, Ship Wisconsin, Lat. 45° 35'.
Smithsonian Records. [£jr. 43° 25.
XearPeel's River, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
St. Johns. Lefroy. Steuben, Me. Smith. K.
XewYork, Baldvrinsville, X.Y. Smith.R.
K< w, Engl. Glaisher. [Rec.
Dalhousie. Lefroy. Lublin. X.H. Smith.
Moose Factory, Quebec. Lefroy.
Montreal. Albion Mines. Lefroy.
Kingston, Toronto, London. Lefroy.
Oldtovm, Me., Burlington, Vr. Smith. Rec.
Concord, Dublin, White Ms^N.S. 1 S. R.
Attleboro, Mass.. Detroit, Mich. Smith. R.
Augusta, Hancock Jll,Richmond,lnd, S.R.
Durham. Whitehaven, Engl. Glaisher.
MooSt Factory, Quebec, Dalhoiisie. Lefroy.
Montreal, Albion Mines, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Kingston, Toronto, London. Lefroy. ,
Dublin, X. H. Burlington, Vt. Lefroy.
North Attleboro, Mass., Augusta, 111. S.R.
At Sea,ShipT.E.Donnell, Lt.b"l°. Lg.60°.
At Sea, Ship Henry Clay, Lat. 40° 43'.
.Smithsonian Records. [Lg. 59° 56'.
Whitehaven, Engl. Glaisher.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Quebec, Dalhousie. Lefroy.
Madrid, X. Y, Detroit, Mich. Smith. R.
At Sea, Ship Wisconsin, Lat. 44° 55'.
Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy. [Lg. 53° 28'.
Between Peel and Rat ? Rivers. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Albany, H. B. T. Lefroy.
Lewis and Pelly? Lefroy.
Albany, H. B. T., Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Hartwell Rectory, Whitehaven. Glaisher.
1 Boston Evening Transcript.
274
ON TILE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
*Sept. 15.
*
II
15.
*
St
15.
*
tt
15.
#
it
15.
#
a
16.
*
a
16.
*
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16.
*
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16.
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17.
a
18.
tt
20.
tt
20.
tt
21.
tt
22.
it
22.
tt
23.
tt
23.
#
tt
24.
-
a
26.
*
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27.
*
tt
27.
*
u
27.
*
a
28.
*
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28.
*
tt
28.
*
it
28.
#
tt
29.
*
it
29.
#
• t
29.
*
tt
29.
#
tt
29.
*
tt
29.
#
it
29.
*
it
29.
*
tt
29.
*
tt
29.
*
a
29.
*
it
29.
*
tt
29.
*
*
tt
tt
29.
29.
*
a
29.
♦
tt
29.
*
it
29.
*
ti
29.
*
tt
29.
»
tt
29.
Lewis and Pelly, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Quebec, Kingston, Toronto. Lefroy.
Stone, Hartwell Rectory, Nottingham,
Gainsborough, Stonyhurst, Whitehaven,
Harpham, Yorkshire, Durham. Glaisher.
Lewis and Pelly, Albany, H. B. T. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Montreal. Lefroy.
Kingston, Toronto, St. Johns. Lefroy.
North Attleboro, 3Iass. Smith. Records.
Albany, H. B. T., Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Montreal. Lefroy.
Lewis and Pelly, Albany, H B. T. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Kingston. Lefroy.
Moose Facto ry. Lefroy .
Lewis and Pelly, Albany. H B. T. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Dallwusie. Lefroy.
Albany? KB. T. Moose Factory f Lefroy.
Ogdensburg ? N. Y. Smith. Records.
Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
Pelly River. Lefroy.
Pelly River, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Matawagomingen, Si. Johns. Lefroy.
Hawarden, Durham, Engl. Lefroy.
Pelly River, Quebec. Lefroy.
Matawagomingen. Lefroy.
Washington, D. C. Fairbanks. [sher.
Norwich, Harpham, Durham, Engl. Glai-
Pelly River, Albany, H. B. T. Lefroy.
Quebec, Toronto, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Dublin, N. H, Burlington, Vt. Smith. Rec.
Middletown, Conn., Rochester, N. Y. S. R.
Madrid, Ogdensburg, N. Y. Smith. Rec.
Bloomfield, Burlington, N. J. Smith. Rec.
Morrisville, Morristown, Lima, Pa. S. R.
Sugar Grove, Gettysburg, Pa. Smith. Rec.
Sykesville, Frederick, Ml. Smith. Rec.
Washington, D. 0. Smith. Records.
Madison, Winchester, DiamondGrove, Va.,
ChapelHill,N.C. Chaiieslon.S.G. Smith. R.
Hi/lsboro, Republic, Ohio. Smith. Records.
Bowling Green, Ky. Clarkesville, Te.,
LakeS :upj}ernang,Lebanon , Te. Smith. R.
Howell, Battle Creek, Mich. Smith. Rec.
Keucosha, Milwaukie , Wise. Smith. Rec.
P/attesville, Beloit, Wise. Smith. Records.
Dubuque, Muscatine, Iowa. Smith. Records.
Petersburg, Augusta, 111. Smith. Records.
Erie, Eutau, Alabama, Richmond, lnd.,
*Sept
29.
*
a
29.
*
tt
29.
#
tt
29.
*
tt
29
*
tt
29.
*
a
29.
*
it
29.
*
a
30.
*
tt
30.
*
K
30.
*
tt
30.
♦Oct.
1.
#
tt
2.
*
it
2.
#
tt
2.
•
tt
2.
#
it
o.
*
ti
2.
*
ti
2.
*
tt
2.
'
ti
3.
#
"
3.
*
tt
4.
#
ti
4.
*
ti
4.
u
5.
6.
it
8.
ti
ti
ti
9.
10.
11.
tt
12.
tt
13.
t *
14.
a
15.
tt
15.
a
17.
tt
IT.
*
it
18.
#
tt
18.
*
a
18.
*
a
18.
*
it
18.
*
it
19.
*
a
20.
*
it
20.
*
tt
20.
At Sea, Ship H. Clay, Lt. 46°. Lg. 42°.
At Sea, Ship Alarm, Lt. 29°43\ Lg. 64° 16'.
At Sea, Ship J. E. Donnel. Lai. 38° 24'.
Smithsonian Records. [Lg. 32° 30 .
Wakefield, Durham, North Shields,
Hartwell Hiuse. Nottingham. Glaisher.
Maiden stone Hill, Stone. Glaisher.
Hartwell Rectory, Cardington. Glaisher.
Albany. Dalhousie, Toronto. Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy. Sag Harbor, N.Y.,
At Sea, Slip Sturgis, Lui. 29°. Lg. 73°.
Ni ttingham, Yorkshire f Engl. Glaisher.
Lewis and Pelly, Toronto. Lefroy.
Dalhousie, Albion Mines. Lefroy.
Toronto, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Dublin, N.H., Dubuque, Iowa. Smith. Rec.
Maidenstone Hill, Oxford, Cardington,
Norwich, Nottingham, Stonyhurst,
Whitehaven, Durham. Glaisher.
North Shields. Dunino. Glaisher.
Yorkshire, Engl. Glaisher.
Moose Factory, Toronto? Lefroy.
( ardington, Nottingham. Glaisher.
Albany, H. B. T. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Toronto. Lefroy.
Nottingham, Durham. Glaisher.
Albany. IT. B. T ., Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Albany, H. B. T. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson ? Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Stonyhurst, Engl. Glaisher.
Fort Simpson, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Stonyhurst, Engl. Glaisher.
Lea-is and Pelly ? Albany, HB. T. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Quebec. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson. Dalhousie. Lefroy. [Rec.
Old Town, Maine,Burlington,Vt. Smith.
Toronto, Bond Lake. Lefroy.
St. Johns, Lake Champlain. Lefroy.
Durham, Engl. Glaisher. [Smith. Rec.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy. Back-port, Me.
For! Simpson. Albany, H. B. T. Lefroy.
Dalhousie, Montreal. Lefroy.
Albion Mines, St. Johns. Lefroy.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALI3.
275
•Oct. 20,
* a
20.
* II
20.
- ..
20.
* «
20.
* a
20.
* ..-
20.
* (i
21.
* u
21.
* a
22.
* it
22.
# it
22.
* tt
2a
* u
23.
* u
23.
* tt
23.
* «
24.
it
25.
* a
26.
* tt
26.
* it
26.
•u
27.
* a
28.
# tt
28.
* a
28.
* a
28.
• ..
28.
* i."
29.
* "•
29.
Nov. 2.
a
3.
tt
4.
a
5.
a
5.
..
6.
.t
6.
a
8.
a
9.
u
9.
..
10.
» ..
11.
u
12.
It
13.
11
13.
■•
14.
..
14.
* CI
15.
* «
15.
Quebec, Kings/on, London. Lefroy.
Steuben, Me., Manchester, X.H. Smith. Eec.
Dublin. L ndonderrg. X. H. Smith. Rec.
Burlington, Middlehury. 17. Smith. Rec.
Samerville, Ogdensburg, N. Y. Smith. Eec.
Middletown, Conn., Burlington, X. J. S. R.
Washington. D. C.. Milwaukie, Wise. S. R.
A/bang. H. B. T., Toronto. Lefroy,
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Lewis and Petty, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Montreal, Kingston. Lefroy.
Toronto, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Quebec. Lefroy.
Albany, H. B. T., Dalhousie. Lefroy.
Burlington,Yt.. Manchester, X.H.Smhh.'Rec.
Londonderry, X. H. Smith. Rec.
Fort Simpson. Moose Factory, Quebec. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson. Albany, H. B. T. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson. Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Toronto. Lefroy.
Albany, H. B. T. Lefroy.
Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Quebec. Lefroy.
Albion Mines, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Dalhousie. Lefroy. At Sea. Smith. Rec.
Wakefield, Stonyhurst. Durham. Glaisher.
Whitehaven, North Shields. Glaisher.
St.Johns. Lefroy. Harlw ell Rectory. Glaisher-
Xottingham, Wakefield, Dunino. Glaisher.
Lewis and Pelly ? Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Toronto f Lefroy.
Aylesbury. Xottingham. Glaisher.
Peel's River. Lefroy.
Stonyhurst. Glaisher.
Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy. "
Stonyhurst f Glaisher.
Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
Zh wis and Pelly f Lefroy.
Albany, H. B. T., Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Albany, H. B. T. Lefroy.
P.-eis River, Albany, H. B. T. Lefroy.
Toronto f Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Stonyhurst. Engl. Glaisher.
Petty River, Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Peel's River, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Toronto, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Lefroy.
Lefroy.
Lefroy.
Lefroy.
♦Nor. 15. At Sea, Ship Roscius, Lt. 51° 57 '^V. Lg. 26°
* " 15. Smithsonian Records. [35' W.
" 16. For/ Simpson. Moose Factory. Lefroy.
" 16. Lewis and Petty? Lefroy. [10' W.
" 16. At Sea, Ship Roscius, Lt. 50°3TX. Lg. 25°
* " 17. Moose Factory? Toronto. Lefroy.
* " 17. At Sea,Ship Roscius, Lt. 50°. Lg. 22° oi'W.
" 18. Toronto. Lefroy.
" 19. Peel's River, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
* " 20. Fort Simpson ? Lefroy.
* " 20. Aylesbury. Engl. Glaisher.
* " 21. F»rt Simpson, 1 Lewis and Petty} Lefroy.
* " 21. Aylesbury, Engl. Glaisher.
* " 22. Petty River, Fort Simjison. 1
" 23. Fort Simpson, PeeVs River.
" 23. Toronto. Lefroy.
" 24. Peel's River, Moose Factory.
" 24. Toronto. Lefroy.
" 24. Dunino, Engl. Glaisher.
" 25. Fort Simpson, Peel's River.
" 26. Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
" 26. Stonyhurst, Engl. Glaisher.
" 27. Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
" 28. Peers River. Lefroy.
" 29. Peefs River, Lewis and Pelly.
" 29. Albany, H. B. T. Lefroy.
" 29. Moose Factory, .Toronto. Lefroy.
* " 30. Peel's River, Toronto. Lefroy.
Dec. 1. Fort Simpson, Peel's River. Lefroy.
" 1. Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
" 1. Albany, H. B. T., Toronto. Lefroy.
" 2. Peel's River. Lefroy.
" 3. PeeVs River. Lefroy.
" 4. Fort Simpson, Toronto ? Lefroy.
* " 5. Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
* " 6. Toronto. Lefroy. [2'.
* " 6. At Sea, ShipTorktown, Lt. 50°13'. Lg. 33°
* " 6. Smithsonian Records.
* " 6. Eawarden, Liverpool, North Shields.
* " 6. Wakefield, Durham. Glaisher.
" 7. PeeVs River, Lewis and Pelly ? Lefroy.
" 8. St. Johns. Lefroy.
" 8. Haicardrn. Engl. Glaisher.
" 9. Peel's River. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Albany. H. B. T., Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Pelly River. Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
1 Aurora Australis.
Lefroy.
10,
11
12.
276
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Dec. 12.
" 13.
" 13.
« 14.
" 14.
" 14.
'•' 15.
" 15.
« 1G.
" 16.
" 17.
" 17.
#
" 18.
*
" 18.
*
" 18.
•
" 18.
" 19.
" 19.
" 20.
.. 20.
" 20.
" 20.
*
•• 21.
#
" 21.
*
•• 21.
'
'• 21.
•■ 22.
- 22,
" 22.
" 22.
" 22.
" 22.
" 22.
• ■ 22.
#
" 23.
#
" 23.
*
" 23.
*
" 23.
*
•• 23.
*
" 23.
*
" 23.
*
" 23.
•• 24.
•• 24.
■• 24.
#
« 25.
#
" 25.
*
« 9.R
Albany, H. B. T., Toronto. Lefroy.
Lewis and Pelly, Albany, H. B. T. Lefroy.
Moosi Factory, Toronto. Lefroy.
Pelly River, Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Albany. II. V,. T. Lefroy.
Peel's River, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Petty River, Fori Simpson. Lefroy.
Peel's River. Lefroy.
Pelly River, Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Peel's River. Lefroy.
Pelly River, Foit Simpson. Lefroy.
Peel's River, I. en-is and Pelly. Lefroy.
Peeps River, Albany, 11. B. T. Lefroy.
Moos Factory, Toronto. Lefroy. '
AtSea,ShipRoscius, U. ."..". 56 . Lg. 11° 57'.
Smithsonian Records.
Pelly River, Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
/' ?$ River, Lewis and Petty. Lefroy.
Petty River, Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Lewis and Pelly, Albany, H. /.'. '/'. Lefroy.
Peel's River, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
A> Sea, S i Roscius, Lt.56 56 V. /
Pelly Hie, r. Fort Simpson. Lefroy. [4<i W.
Lewis and Pelly. Albany, H. B. T. Lefroy.
PeeVsRiver, Moose Factory. Lefroy. [40 JP.
(Jite/iee. Montreal, Toronto.Sl. Johns. Lefroy.
Pelly River, Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
Albany, H. B. T., Peel's River. Lefroy.
Mouse Factory, Dalhousie, St. Joints. Lefroy.
At Sea, Ship Sew World, Lt. 50" 48'. Lg.
Smithsonian Records. [27" 16' IF.
Stony hurst, Whitehaven. Glaisher.
ingham, Hawarden. Glaisher.
Durham, North Shi; Ids. Dunino. Glaisher.
Pelly Hirer, Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Albany, H.B.T., Lew, \< and Pelly? Lefroy.
Peel's Hirer, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Dalhousie,Toronto, London. Lefr.^[28^ W.
At Sea, Ship New World, Lt- 51° 2S'. Lg.
At Sea, Ship Roscius, Lt. 55° 2H'N. Lr/.23°.
Smithsonian Records. [ If.
Whitehaven, Dunino. Glaisher.
Pelly River, Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Lewis and Pelly, Albany, H. B. T. Lefroy.
Peel's River, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Pelly River, Fort Simpson ? Lefroy.
Dalhousie, Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
Toronto, London, St. John. Lefroy.
*Dec. 26.
* " 26.
27.
27.
27.
28.
28.
29.
29.
29.
29.
29.
29.
29.
30.
31.
31.
Jan.
it
Pelly River, Fort Simpson, 1', • /'.< Iliver,
Albany, H.Ji. T., Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Petty Hirer. Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
/.■ -is and Pelly. Lefroy.
Peel's River, Dalhousie. Lefroy.
Pelly Hirer, Toronto. Lefroy.
Grantham, Dunino. Glaisher.
Fort Simpson, Perl's River. Lefroy.
Montreal, Kingston. Lefroy.
Toronto, St. Johns. Lefroy. [58 /:'■
At Sea, Ship Plymouth, Hit. '.\Cy ol'S. Lg.
Smithsonian Records.
North Shields, Dunino. Glaisher.
Grantham, Stonyhurst. Glaisher.
Fort Simpson, PeeVs River. Lefroy.
U S a, Ship Plymouth. Lt.::,: S. Lg. 61° E. 1
Smithsonian Records.
1852
1. PeeVs Hie, r. Lefroy.
2. Lewis and Petty. Lefroy.
3. Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
4. North Shields, Dunino. Glaisher.
6. Albany, H. B. T.. Moost Factory. Lefroy.
7. PeeVs River. Lefroy.
8. Pel's River, Lewis and Petty. Lefroy.
11. Fort Simpson, Peel's River. Lefroy.
12. Moose Factory. Lefroy.
13. Albany, H.B.T-, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
14. PeeVs River, Albany, M. B. T. Lefroy.
14. Moose Factory. Lefroy.
15. Fort Simpson, PeeVs River. Lefroy.
17'. M Factory. Lefroy.
16. Fort Simpson, Peel's River. Lefroy.
16. Moose Factory. Lefroy.
17. Albany, H. ft. T., Moose Factory. Lefroy.
17. Durham, Engl. Glaisher.
18. Moose Factory ? St. Johns. Lefroy.
19. All, nny, H. B. T., Moose Factory. Lefroy.
19. Quebec Montreal, Kingston. Lefroy.
19. Toronto, London, Halifax. Lefroy.
20. Fort Simpson ? Lewis and Petty. Lefroy.
20. Moose Factory? Albany, H. B. T. Lefroy.
20. Halifax, St. Johns. Lefroy. [Lg. 9° W.
20. At Sea, Ship Hendrick Hudson, Led. 49°X
20. Smithsonian Records.
20. Falmouth, Engl. Glaisher.
1 Aurora Australis.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA EOREALIS.
277
*Jan.
#
*
21. PeeFs River, Albany, H B. T Lefroy.
21. Moose Factory, Toronto. Lefroy.
21. Aylesbury, Durham, Engl. Glaisher.
22. Albany, H. B. T., Moose Factory. Lefroy.
22. Halifax. Lefroy. HartivellRectory.G\aishcY.
23. Peel'sRiver,Albany,MooseFactory. Lefroy.
23. Hatton, Oxford, Hartwell Rectory,
Cardington, Grantham, Gainsborough ,
23.
23.
24.
24.
Hawarden, Durham, Dunino. Glaisher.
♦Feb.
# «
Fort Simpson, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Albany, H. B. T. Lefroy.
24. Kingston, Toronto. Lefroy.
25. Fort Simpson, Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
25. Moose Factory, Albany, H B. T. Lefroy.
25. St. Johns, Halifax. Lefroy.
25. Durham, Dunino, Hawarden. Glaisher.
25. Manchester, Stonyhurst. Glaisher.
26. Fort Simpson, Peel's River. Lefroy.
26. Moose Factory, Albany, H. B. T. Lefroy.
26. Montreal, Toronto. Lefroy.
28. Albany, H. B. T, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
29. Albany, H. B. T, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
30. Peel' sRiver,Albany,MooseFactory . Lefroy.
30. Rosellill, Thame, NorthShields. Glaisher.
31. Fort Simpson, Albany, H. B. T. Lefroy.
31. Moose Factory, St. Johns. Lefroy.
31. Dunino, Engl. Glaisher.
I. 1 Fort Simpson, Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
1. Moose Factory, Albany, H. B. T. Lefroy.
* " 1. Kingston, Toronto, St. Johns. Lefroy.
" 2. Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
" 4. Fort Simpson, Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
" 4. Highfield House, Engl. Glaisher.
" 5. Leivis and Pelly. Lefroy.
" 6. Fort Simpson, Halifax. Lefroy.
" 7. Lewis and Pelly ? Lefroy.
" 7. Albany, H. B. T, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
" 8. Fort Simpson. Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
" 9. Fori Simpson. Lefroy. «
" 11. Fort Simpson, Leivis and Pelly. Lefroy.
" 12. Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
" 13. Lewis and Pelly, Albany, H. B. T. Lefroy.
" 13. Moose Factory, Halifax. Lefroy.
" 14. Fort Simpson, Quebec, Montreal. Lefroy.
* " 15. Fort Simpson, Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
* " 15. Albany, H. B. T., Moose Factory. Lefroy.
1 The aurora was visible at Peel's River almost every night
until the 22d:
VOL. X. 35*
*Feb. 15. Kingston, Toronto, Halifax. Lefroy.
15. At Sea, Ship Siddorn, Lt. iG°N. Lg.46°W.
15. At Sea, Ship Hendrick Hudson, Lt. £7°N.
15. Smithsonian Records. [Lg. 32° W.
15. In Englandjfrom Lt. 51° to 55°. Glaisher.
16. Fort Simpson, Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
16. Moose Factory, Montreal. Lefroy.
16. Matawagomingen, Quebec. Lefroy.
16. Toronto ? Kingston ? London. Lefroy.
16. Halifax. Lefroy. Dunino, Engl. Glaisher.
16. At Sea, Ship Siddons, Lt. A7°N. Lg. 40° W.
16. At Sea, Shi}) Hendrick Hudson, Lt. 47° N.
16. Smithsonian Records. [Lg. 36° W.
17. Fort Simpson, Leivis and Pelly. Lefroy.
17. Moose Factory, Matawagomingen. Lefroy.
17. Albany, Montreal, Kingston. Lefroy.
17. Quebec, Halifax, St. Johns. Lefroy.
17. Highfield House, Durham. Glaisher.
17. North Shields. Glaisher.
18. Lewis and Pelly, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
18. Quebec, Matawagomingen. Lefroy.
18. Albany, H. B. T., Montreal. Lefroy.
18. Toronto, Kingston. Lefroy.
18. London, Halifax, St. Johns. Lefroy.
18. At Sea, Ship Hendrick Hudson, Lt. 41°N.
18. Smithsonian Records. [Lg. 43° W.
18. In England, from Lt. 50°to 57°. Glaisher.
19. Fort Simpson, Peel's River. Lefroy.
19. Lewis and Pelly. Moose Factory. Lefroy.
19. Albany, Sault St. Marie, Kingston. Lefroy.
19. Quebec, Toronto, Montreal. Lefroy.
19. London, Halifax, St. Johns. Lefroy.
19. At Sea, Ship Hendrick Hudson, Lt. A7°N.
19. Smithsonian Records. [Lg. 44° W.
19. In England, from Lt. 49° to 57°. Glaisher.
20. Fort Simpson, Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
20. Moose Factory, Montreal. Lefroy.
20. Quebec, Kingston, Toronto. Lefroy.
20. AtSea,Barque Kepler, Lt. 35° N. Lg. 49° W.
20. AtSea,ShipGonstantine,Lt.51°N.Lglh° W.
20. Smithsonian Institution.
20. Helston, Norwich, Engl. Glaisher.
21. Fort Simpson, Quebec. Lefroy.
21. Lewis (Hid Pelly, St. Johns. Lefroy.
21. Helston, Grantham, High fi 'eld House,
21. Gainsborough. Wakefield, Stonyhurst,
21. Whitehaven, Durham, Glasgow. Glaisher.
22. Highfield House, Engl. Glaisher.
278
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
Feb.
23.
it
23.
It
23.
it
24.
it
25.
u
25.
#
tt
26.
#
u
26.
»
It
27.
t
it
27.
*
(i
27.
#
it
27.
a
28.
ct
28.
it
28.
it
29.
March 1.
tt
1.
a
2.
tt
2.
*
tt
4.
a
5.
it
5.
*
it
6.
#
it
6.
*
tt
7.
#
tt
7.
#
tt
7.
it
8.
*
n
9.
#
it
9.
#
it
10.
#
a
10.
ti
11.
a
11.
#
a
12.
a
13.
a
13.
a
13.
a
14.
a
14.
*
u
15.
*
tt
16.
*
it
16.
*
a
16.
a
17.
a
17.
Peel's River, Albany, H. B. T. Lefroy.
Toronto, Halifax. Lefroy.
Stonyhurst, Durham, Engl. Glaisher.
Peel's River, Sliip Karius at SitJea,~LefToy.
Ship Karius at Sitka. Lefroy.
Highfield House, Engl. Glaisher.
Lewis and Pelly f Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Hiyhfield House. Glaisher.
Peel's River, Lewis and Petty. Lefroy.
Montreal, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Quebec, Halifax, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Durham, North Shields, Dun i no. Glaisher.
Lewis and Pelly, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Ship Karius at Sitka. Lefroy.
Aylesbury, Engl. Glaisher.
Lewis and Pelly, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Halifax. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Moose Factory ? Lefroy.
Hiyhfield House, Engl. Glaisher.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Lewis and Pelly, Moose Factory. Lef roy.
Hiyhfield House, Engl. Glaisher.
Lewis and Pelly, Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Mm, sr Factory. Lefroy.
Albany, H. B. T, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Peel's River, Quebec. Lefroy.
Lewis and Pelly, Halifax. Lefroy.
Lewis and Pelly, Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Albany, H. B. T. Lefroy.
Ijewis and Pelly, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
Moose Factory, loronto. Lefroy.
Fort Simpison, Kingston. Lefroy.
St. Johns, Halifax ? Lefroy.
Moose Factory, Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Moose Factory ? Lefroy.
Peel's River, Albany, H. B. T. Lefroy.
Lewis and Pelly, Halifax. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, London. Lefroy.
Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
Peel's River. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Lewis and Pelly, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Albany. Lefroy. Portsmouth, N. H 1
Fort Simpson, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
Leivis and Pelly, Halifax. Lefroy.
1 Portsmouth Journal.
March 17. Essex Coast. 1 Lefroy.
" 18. Fort Simpson, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
" 18. Albany, H.B.T., Toronto. Lefroy.
19. Moose Factory, Kingston. Lefroy.
19. Albany, H. B. T. Lefroy.
20. Fort Simpson, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
20. Albany, H. B. T., Toronto. Lefroy.
20. Halifax. Lefroy. Stonyhurst. Glaisher.
21. Moose Factory, Albany, H. B. T. Lefroy.
21. Lewis and Pelly, Toronto. Lefroy.
21. Hawarden, Engl. Glaisher.
22. Moose Factory, Albany, H. B. T. Lefroy.
22. Lewis and Pelly ? Halifax. Lefroy.
25. Stonyhurst, Engl. Glaisher.
26. Fort Simpson, Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
L'<>. Son// St. Marie, Toronto. Lefroy.
26. Kingston, London, Halifax. Lefroy.
28. Fort Simpson, Moose Factory. Lefroy.
28. Albany. II.B.T. Lefroy. Highfield House.
29. Fort Simpson, Moose Factory ? Quebec. L.
30. Moose Factory. Lefroy.
31. Lewis and Pelly, Toronto. Lefroy.
31. Kingston, London, Halifax. Lefroy.
31. Stonyhurst, Engl. Glaisher.
1. At Sea, Ship Roscius, Lt. 51° N. Lg. 7° W.
1. Smithsonian Records.
1. Highfield House, Engl. Glaisher.
3. Quebec, Toronto? Lefroy.
4. Lewis and Pelly, Montreal. Lefroy.
4. Kingston, Halifax. Lefroy.
5. Halifax. Lefroy.
6. Fort Simpson, Halifax. Lefroy.
6. Lewis and Pelly ? Lefroy.
8. Kingston, London. Lefroy.
9. Fort Simpson, Toronto. Lefroy.
9. Malawagomingen, London. Lefroy.
9. Kingston, St. Johns. Lefroy.
9. Stonyhurst, Engl. Glaisher.
10. Fort Simpson, Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
10. Malawagomingen, Quebec. Lefroy.
10. Toronto, Kingston, London. Lefroy.
11. Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
11. Stonyhurst, Engl. Lefroy.
12. Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
12. Sault St. Marie, Toronto. Lefroy.
14. Lewis and Pelly, Toronto. Lefroy.
14. Glasgow. Lefroy.
1 Between Blaekwater and Crouch Rivers.
April
it
*
ti
*
a
#
a
*
a
*
a
*
a »
#
u
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
279
♦April 15.
#
«
15.
#
a
15.
#
«
15.
*
c<
16.
#
a
IS.
*
«
18.
*
a
20.
#
a
20.
tt
21.
#
it
22.
*
it
22.
#
u
22.
tt
23.
it
23.
tt
23.
a
24.
t.
26.
a
29.
May
1.
tt
1.
tt
2.
#
tt
3.
#
it
5.
#
tt
5.
it
6.
it
7.
*
a
8.
*
it
9.
*
it
9.
*
tt
10.
#
it
it
10.
12.
a
13.
*
tt
IT.
#
a
18.
#
a
18.
*
it
19.
#
it
19.
#
tt
20.
#
a
21.
#
it
21.
it
22.
tt
24.
a
24.
it
26.
tt
it
27.
27.
Matawagomingen. Lefroy.
London, Toronto. Lefroy.
At Sea, Ship Garrick, Lt. 47°iV. Lg. 29° W.
Smithsonian Records.
Toronto. Lefroy. Dunino. Glaisher.
Fort Simpson, Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
SaultSt.Marie.'Lefcoy.Stonyhurst. Glaisher.
Kingston ? Toronto ? St. Johns. Lefroy.
Bose Hill, Engl. Glaisher.
Oxford, Highfield House. Glaisher.
Fort Simpson ? Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
Toronto, London, Halifax. Lefroy.
Highfield House, Engl. Glaisher.
Lewis and Pelly, London. Lefroy.
Matawagomingen. Lefroy.
Highfield House, Engl. Glaisher.
Lewis and Pelly. Lefroy.
Highfield House, Engl. Glaisher.
St. Johns. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Stone, Engl. Glaisher.
Stone, Hart-well Rectory, Engl. Glaisher.
Hartwell Rectory, Highfield House. Glai-
Mataivagomingen. Lefroy. [sher.
Toronto ? St. Johns. Lefroy.
St. Johns. Lefroy.
Toronto ? Lefroy.
Montreal, Kingston, Toronto. Lefroy.
Matawagomingen. Lefroy.
Kingston, Toronto. Lefroy.
Kingston, Toronto. Lefroy.
London, Halifax. Lefroy.
Toronto. Lefroy.
Quebec. Lefroy.
Toronto. Lefroy.
Quebec, Montreal. Lefroy.
Kingston, Toronto ? Halifax. Lefroy.
Quebec, Matawagomingen. Lefroy.
Toronto, Halifax. Lefroy.
Montreal, Toronto. Lefroy.
Toronto, Halifax. Lefroy.
AlSea,Ship Yorklown.Lt. iO°N. Lg. 72° W.
Montreal, Toronto, St. Johns. Lefroy.
Quebec, Saull St. Marie. Lefroy.
St. Johns, Toronto. Lefroy.
Kingston. Lefroy.
Qrosse Isle (below Quebec). Lefroy.
Quebec, Montreal, Toronto. Lefroy.
June 3
#
it
5.
#
tt
5.
#
tt
5.
it
7.
#
a
10.
#
a
11.
#
it
11.
#
a
11.
tt
12.
it
12.
it
12.
it
12.
#
a
15.
*
ti
16.
it
17.
tt
18.
it
19.
a
20.
tt
22.
it
24.
tt
26.
July
1.
tt
2.
#
tt
3.
tt
4.
#
tt
5.
#
tt
5.
#
it
5.
#
it
6.
#
tt
6.
#
tt
6.
#
tt
6.
*
it
7.
#
tt
7.
#
tt
8.
#
a
9.
#
a
9.
#
a
10.
#
n
10.
*
tt
10.
#
it
12.
*
tt
12.
*
it
13.
#
it
13.
tt
14.
tt
14.
tt
15.
, Toronto. Lefroy.
, Grosse Lsle, Quebec. Lefroy.
Montreal, Kingston, Toronto. Lefroy.
Smithsonian Records. \_Long. 79°.
At Sea, Ship White Squall, Lat. 53° N?
Toronto. Lefroy.
Grosse Isle, Quebec, Montreal. Lefroy.
Kingston, Toronto, Halifax. Lefroy.
New Haven. Smith. Rec. Greenwich. Gl.
Grosse Isle, Quebec. Lefroy.
Montreal, Halifax. Lefroy.
At Sea, Ship Garrick, Lt. 40° N. Lg. 69° W.
Smithsonian Records.
Quebec, Kingston, Toronto. Lefroy.
Kingston, Toronto. Lefroy.
Quebec, Toronto. Lefroy.
Kingston, Toronto. Lefroy.
Stone, Engl. Glaisher.
Kingston. Lefroy.
Toronto. Lefroy.
Highfield House, Engl. Glaisher.
Halifax ? Lefroy.
Penetanguishene, Halifax. Lefroy.
Penetanguishene. Lefroy.
Great Britain. Glaisher.
Halifax. Lefroy.
Penetanguishene, Halifax. Lefroy.
Quebec, Grosse Isle. Lefroy.
Kingston, Toronto. Lefroy.
Penetanguishene, Quebec. Lefroy.
Grosse Isle, Kingston. Lefroy.
Toronto, Montreal. Lefroy.
Halifax. Lefroy. Great Britain. Glaisher.
Quebec, Grosse Isle. Lefroy.
Kingston, Toronto, Montreal. Lefroy.
Toronto ? Lefroy.
Penetanguishene, Quebec. Lefroy.
Toronto, Sault St. Marie, Halifax. Lefroy.
Quebec, Grosse Isle. Lefroy.
Penetanguishene, Kingston. Lefroy.
Toronto, Montreal, Halifax. Lefroy.
Grosse Isle, Kingston. Lefroy.
Toronto, Montreal. Lefroy.
Toronto, Montreal. Lefroy.
Great Britain. Glaisher.
Penetanguishene. Lefroy.
Great Britain. Glaisher.
Quebec, Grosse Isle. Lefroy.
280
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
July
15.
a
19.
It
23.
It
24.
It
26.
It
27.
a
28.
it
29.
a
30.
u
31.
Aug
1.
a
3.
it
4.
a
5.
ct
5.
a
C.
a
6.
tt
6.
a
7.
8.
8.
9.
10.
10.
11.
11.
11.
" 13.
" 15.
" 15.
" 15.
" 19.
" 22.
" 23.
" 23.
" 24.
" 24.
" 24.
" 24.
" 25.
" 25.
" 26.
" 26.
" 26.
" 28.
*Sept. 2.
« 3.
Toronto, Montreal. Lefroy.
Penetanguishene. Lefroy.
Kingston, Toronto, Halifax. Lefroy.
Montreal, Halifax. Lefroy.
Penetanguishene. Lefroy.
Halifax, Kingston. Lefroy.
Portage la loche. Lefroy.
Penetanguishene. Lefroy.
Clear Water River. Lefroy.
Toronto. Lefroy.
Athabasca Biver. Lefroy.
Halifax ? Lefroy.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Slave Biver. Lefroy.
Portage Brule. Lefroy.
Sail Biver, drifting below. Lefroy.
Penetanguishene, Grosse Isle. Lefroy.
Quebec, Montreal, Toronto. Lefroy.
Salt Biver, drifting beloiv. Lefroy.
Fort Resolution, Halifax. Lefroy.
At Sea, Ship Pig mouth Rock, Lat. 47° N.
Smithsonian Records. [Lg. 21° TV.
Slave Lake, Quebec. Lefroy.
Big Island, Grosse Island, Quebec. Lefroy.
Penetanguishene, Toronto. Lefroy.
Near Fort Simpson, Montreal. Lefroy.
Penetanguishene, Toronto. Lefroy.
Grosse Isle, Quebec. Lefroy.
Quebec. Lefroy.
Quebec. Lefroy.
At Sea, ShipTorktoion,Li. 42° N. Lg.51 a W.
Smithsonian Record.
Quebec. Lefroy.
Lefroy.
Lefroy.
Lefroy.
Lefroy.
AtSea,ShipAshburlon,Lt. 40° N. Lg. 65° W.
At Sea. Ship Plymouth Rock, Lat. 44° N.
Smithsonian Records. [iy. 53^° W.
Leivis and Petty, Toronto. Lefroy.
Penetanguishene. Lefroy.
Toronto. Lefroy. [Lg. 58° W.
At Sea, Ship Plymouth Rock, Lat. 43° N.
Smithsonian Records.
Fort Simpson, Toronto. Lefroy.
Petty River, 120 ms. below Ft. Selkirk. Lef.
Grosse Isle, Toronto. Lefroy.
Letois and Petty.
Leivis and Petty.
Toronto, Halifax.
Lewis and Petty.
Sept. 3.
#
it
4.
*
it
4.
•
tt
5.
*
tt
5.
#
a
6.
#
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6.
((
7.
tc
7.
it
8.
*
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9.
*
ti
9.
*
it
9.
#
ii
10.
#
ii
10.
#
a
11.
#
a
11.
#
it
12.
*
a
13.
a
15.
#
it
16.
*
a
16.
*
a
17.
#
it
17.
#
a
17.
#
a
18.
#
it
18.
*
a
18.
#
a
19.
*
a
19.
#
it
19.
#
it
20.
*
it
20.
#
a
20.
#
tt
21.
*
u
21.
*
a
21.
*
a
21.
*
tt
22.
#
u
22.
a
25.
a
28.
*
a
29.
*
a
29.
Oct
1.
a
1.
a
-2.
a
3.
Penetangii/ishenK, Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Grosse Isle, Quebec. Lefroy.
Penetanguishene, Toronto. Lefroy.
Petty River, Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Fort George, Penetanguishene. Lefroy.
Petty River, Peel's River, Toronto. Lefroy.
Fort George, Penetanguishene. Lefroy.
Petty River, Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Penetanguishene. Lefroy.
Petty River, Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Petty Biver, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Fort George. Lefroy.
Grosse Isle, Quebec. Lefroy.
Peel's Biver, Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Fort George, Toronto. Lefroy.
Peel's Biver, Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Fort George. Lefroy. Gt.Britain. Glaisher.
Fort Simpson, Toronto. Lefroy.
Quebec. Lefroy.
Petty River. Lefroy.
Petty River, Peel's River, Toronto. Lefroy.
Montreal, Penetanguishene. Lefroy.
Peel's River, Penetanguishene. Lefroy.
Toronto, Quebec. Lefroy.
Montreal. Lefroy. Gt. Britain. Glaisher.
Peel's River, Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Grosse Isle, Quebec. Lefroy.
Montreal. Lefroy. Great Britain. Glaisher?
Peel's River, Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Penetanguishene, Toronto. Lefroy.
Kingston. Lefroy. Gt. Britain. Glaisher ?
Petty Biver, Peel's Biver. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Quebec. Lefroy.
Halifax. Lefroy. Great Britain. Glaisher ?
Petty River, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Fort George. Lefroy.
Toronto, Kingston. Lefroy.
Halifax. Lefroy. Gt. Britain. Glaisher ?
Petty River, Fort George. Lefroy.
Toronto, Halifax. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson. Leftoy.
Quebec. Lefroy.
Peel's River, Grosse Isle. Lefroy.
Toronto, Quebec, Halifax. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Petty Biver. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Quebec, Toronto. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
281
. Kingston. Lefroy.
Peel's River, Toronto, Kingston. Lefroy.
Halifax. Lefroy. Stone, Engl. Glaisher.
Toronto, Penetanguishene. Lefroy.
Quebec. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Petty Biver, Penetanguishene. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Peel's Biver. Lefroy.
Quebec, Toronto. Lefroy.
Montreal, Kingston. Lefroy.
Peel's Biver. Lefroy.
Peel's Biver, Toronto. Lefroy.
Fort Simjjson, Peel's Biver, Quebec. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Peel's Biver. Lefroy.
Toronto, Kingston. Lefroy.
Penetanguishene, Jfontreal. Lefroy.
Peel's Biver, Quebec. Lefroy.
Toronto, Montreal. Lefroy.
Peel's Biver. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Peel's Biver. Lefroy.
Fort George. Lefroy, Stone, Engl. Glaisher.
Peel's Biver. Lefroy. Stone, Engl. Glaisher.
Fort Simp>son, Peel's Biver. Lefroy.
Stone, Engl. Glaisher.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy. Stone, Engl. Glaisher.
Fort George. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Peel's Biver. Lefroy.
Peel's Biver. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy. [sher.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy. Stone, Oxford. Glai-
Nottingham, Liverpool, Dunino. Glaisher.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Hawarden, Engl. Glaisher.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy. Stonyhurst. Glaisher.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Peel's River, Quebec. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson; Toronto. Lefroy.
Peel's Biver, Toronto. Lefroy.
Quebec, 1 Halifax. Lefroy.
Lewisham, Greenwich. Glaisher.
Fort Simpson, Slave Lake. Lefroy.
Fort Resolution, Toronto. Lefroy.
At Sea, Ship Eagle, Lt. 48° N. Lg. 30° W.
Smithsonian Records.
1 And between Quebec and Three Rivers.
VOL. X. 36
Oct. 4.
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Peel's River, Toronto. Lefroy.
Quebec, Kingston, Halifax. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Toronto. Lefroy.
1 At Sea, Ship Senator, Lt. 52°N.Lg. 66° W.
Smithsonian Records.
Peel's River, Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Quebec, Toronto. Lefroy.
Peel's River, Toronto. Lefroy.
Peel's River. Lefroy. Stone,Engl. Glaisher.
Peel's River. Lefroy.
Peel's River, Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Peel's River. Lefroy.
Peel's River. Lefroy.
Peel's River, Fort George. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Fort George. Lefroy.
Toronto. Lefroy.
Peel's River, Toronto. Lefroy.
Peel's River, Fort George. Lefroy,
Quebec, Toronto. Lefroy.
Liverpool, Engl. Glaisher.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Kingston. Lefroy.
Pelly River. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson. Peel's River. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Petty River. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Petty River. Lefroy.
Peel's River, Petty River. Lefroy.
North Shields, Dunino, Engl. Glaisher.
Fort Simpson, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Petty River. Lefroy.
Fort Simp>son, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Petty River. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Quebec, Sturgeon River. Lefroy.
Toronto. Lefroy. Rose Hill. Glaisher.
Fort SimpsoiijP eel's River,Quebec. Lefroy.
Petty River. Lefroy. Dunino. Glaisher.
Fort Simpson. Peel's River. Lefroy.
Pelly River, Toronto. Lefroy. [sher.
Pelly River, Quebec. Lefroy. Stone. Glai-
Fort Simpson, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Pelly River, Sturgeon River. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Petty River, Quebec. Lefroy.
1 Aurora Australia.
282
ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE AURORA BOREALIS.
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Jan.
At Sea, Ship Plymouth Bock, Lat. 53° N.
Smithsonian Records. [Long. 34° TV-
Fort Simpson, Fort Resolution. Lefroy.
Peel's River. Lefroy. Grantham. Glaisher.
Fort Simpson, PeeVs River. Lefroy.
Between Fort R. and Athabasca. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Peel's River. Lefroy.
Quebec, Toronto. Lefroy.
Between Fort R. and Athabasca. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Sturgeon River. Lefroy.
Between Fort R. and Athabasca. Lefroy.
At Sea, Ship Plymouth Rock, Lat. 51° N.
Fort George. Lefroy. [Long. 41° IF.
Between Fort R. and Athabasca. Lefroy.
Between Fort R. and Athabasca. Lefroy.
Quebec. Lefroy. Stone, Engl. Glaisher.
Between Fort R. and Athabasca. Lefroy.
Peel's River, Fort George. Lefroy.
Between Fort R. and Athabasca. Lefroy.
Peel's River. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Fort George. Lefroy.
Chipeivyan. Lefroy.
Fort George, Quebec. Lefroy,
Chipewyan, Toronto. Lefroy.
Fort Simpson, Fort Chipewyan. Lefroy.
Quebec, Sturgeon River. Lefroy.
Fort George, Fort Simpson. Lefroy.
Fort Chipewyan. Lefroy.
Fort George, Fort Chipewyan. Lefroy
1853.
1. Fort Simpson, PeeVs River. Lefroy.
2. Peel's River, Fort George, H. B. T. Lefroy.
3. Peel's River, Fort George. Lefroy.
4. Fort Simpson, Peel's River. Lefroy.
4. Hawarden, Engl. Glaisher.
5. Fort Si 'mps'ui , Peel's River. Lefroy.
5. Fort George. Lefroy.
5. Hawarden, Stone, Engl. Glaisher.
6. Fort Simpson, PeeVs River. Lefroy.
6. Fort George, Toronto. Lefroy.
7. Peel's River, Fort George. Lefroy.
7. At Sea, Lt. 42 3 2oN. Lg. 68° 58' W. *
7. Clifton, Rose Hill, Oxford. Glaisher.
7. Stonyhurst, Dunino. Glaisher.
8. PeeVs River, Fort George, Quebec. Lefroy.
8. Stonyhurst, Engl. Glaisher.
*Jan.
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