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THE KBW YORK
Ipobucubrarti
hssassss-t
*^<t<rarft**f /£.
u o& -$& q i n s
O If T H * *i
prptectqrate-hou.se
C R '©> M W ]S L X;
•J?.B D It C E Di
■FROM AN EARLY PERIOD, AN©. CONTINUED
DOWN TO THE PRESENT TIME:
«01J,ICTED CHIE|CY
FROM ORIGINAL PAPERS AND RECORDS;
WITH
PROOFS AND ILLUSTRATIONS;
TOGETHER WITH
A J* ft >".*'' E/ N. ft t X;
EMBELLISHED WITH ELEGANT ENGRAVINGS.
By MARg KOBLE, F.S.A.
^iCtok or Baddesley-Chnton, and Vicar or Packwoodj
fOTH IN WARWICKSHIRE*
# O U I. '-': --' ' *
B I R M I » G U A M, •
PRINTED BY PEARSON AND ROLLASON;
4014 BY R. BALDWIN, P ATtR-MOSTER-ROWj B. WHITl|
.rillT-STJIITJ J. ROBSON, NEW-BOND - 8 T R E E T.J
AND 8* HAYES, OXFORD-ROAD, LONDON
MDCCXXXLl v) 'I y' *V
. * * *. »
THE
PREFACE/
WHATEVER elucidates our hiftory
is deferving the attention of a briton;
little apology, therefore, is neccflary for
offering the following fheets to the public.
The firft volume contains memoirs of the
Cromwells only j a family mod eminently
confpicuous from having given two fove-
reigns to thefe nations ; one of whom, it has-
been juftly remarked, was the greateft man
that has owed his exiftence to this ifland ;
and befides the two protestors, this family
has produced various chara&ers, who from
their eminent abilities, the very remarkable
occurrences that attended them, the great
employments they have enjoyed, and their
near affinity to the two princes of their
name, defer ve our attention. With a wifh
to prevent, as much as poflible, giving what
A 2 has
iv PREFACE.
has appeared before, and to make this an
entire new work; the latter part of the
life of Oliver and the protectorate of Richard
are omitted, they having been given fre-
quently by others.
To afcertain the truth of thefe memoirs,
proofs are added, the more neceflary, as
fometimes what is here given is quite con-
trary to what others have advanced; and
where Aich circumftances occur that are in-
terefting, but from their length would appear
tedious, they are either placed in notes, or
given as illuftrations, and put with the
proofs; and likewife, that nothing fhould
be wanting to give entire fatisfa&ion, aa
appendix is alfo added, confifting of extra&s
from the regifters of the various parifhes
where any of the Crom wells refided; no
references, .however, are made in the body
of the volume, as it would have only fwelled
out the work, and given much trouble,
without in the leaft tending to convenience
the reader ; but it may be here neceflary to
obferve,
PREFACE. y
obferve, that a birth, baptifm, marriage,
or burial of any of the Cromwells* men-
tioned in this volume, as. happening in the
parifhes of All Saints, St. John the Baptift,
an(j in Huntingdon, Ramfey, Upwood,
Chippenham, Hurfley, or Wicken, will be
found under the letters A, B, C, D, E, F,
G, and H, in the appendix.
The fecond volume comprizes memoirs
of fuch perfons and families as were either
defcended from or allied to the Crom-
wells ; fuch a fcledtion of names as it con-
tains can fcarce be paralleled, for which
reafon this volume will, it is expedted,
be equally entertaining as the firft t fome
families are here mentioned whofe hiftories
are given in the peerage or baronetage, but
for reafons that will immediately prefent
themfelves, they are there written in a very
defedtive manner, and in many inftances
diredtly contrary to truth, efpecially during
the civil war and interregnum ; a catalogue
is fubjoined of fuch perfons who were raifed
*s A 3 tQ
vi PREFACE.
to honors or great employments by the
Cromwells, with the lives of many of them,
fo that thefe volumes include the hiftory
of feveral hundred illuftrious perfons, moft
of whom lived in the middle of the laft
century, a period the moft interefting'of
any in our annals.
All our hiftories have been taxed with
partiality, but thofe relating to the feven-
teenth century with the grofleft; it is hopeid
this work has not the fame fault, as the au-
thor can .folemnly aflure his reader, that
though a fincere friend both to the religious
and civil eftablifhments, yet he difclaims all
party prejudice, having neither favored nor
villified any perfon, fed, or party, but,
to the bell: of his judgment, given each,
their juft praife or deferved cenfure ^ he
would be aihamed to diflike any man's opi-
nion fo much as not to do the moft ample
juftice to his character: he has, throughout
the work, expreffed his fentiments with the
freedom becoming a fubjedt of a land of
2 liberty/
PREFACE vii
liberty ; nor can there be any j.uft reafons
urged, why perfons living in the laft cen-
tury fhould not have equal juftice and im-
partiality fliewn to them as thofe of any
other aera of our hiftory, but which (defir-
able as it might be) was not to be expected
till within thefe few years; love, fear, or
. refentment, the great fwayers of human
aftions, often led the writer to deceive the
public, by palliating a bad, or giving an ill
reafon for a good adtion $ yet it muft be
allowed, that it is very neceflary that feveral
characters that lived during the middle of
the laft century fhould be well known, as
from them (efpecially thofe of the Crom-
wells and their alliances) fome of the caufes
that led to the moft momentous occurrences
can be traced; fo that it is hoped both the
biographer and hiftorian will not think thefe
pages unworthy his notice.
The greateft attention has been paid in
examining the works of our moft approved
hiftoric writers, ,and many diftant parts of
A 4 the
Viii PREFACE.
f he kingdom have been vifited by the author
to infpedt authentic' memorials ; yet it is all
unhappihefs that accompanies refearches of
this kind* that they cannbl be complete ;
nor is it poflible, fcarce, to pfetent rtiiftakes
occurring ; fhofe, who know the fatigue of
colle&ing materials, and claffing them for
books of this fort, can only form a proper
j.udgtfient of fuch a laborious undertaking.
It would be unpardonable not to mentiort,
with the greateft gratitude and refpedt, the
obligations due to thofe who have contri-
buted to the improvement of thefe memoirs,*
by permitting an infpedtion of records and
other carious papers, as the right honof-
able lord vifcount Hampden, fir Thomds
Heathcote, barf.- cbmmcdore fir Richafd
Bicker ton, bart. Lilcy Knightley, of Faufley,
efq. late member of parlement for Notthaittp-
tonfhire; col. John Neale, of Allefley ; mr.
Smith, alderman, and mr. Hunt, chamber-
rain of Huntingdon ; to the following re-
verend gentlemen, for fending or giving per-
3 million
PR E F A C E ix
mifiion to the author to take extra&s ffom
the regifters of their parifhes, copying fix—
neral monuments, &c. John Mofle, L. L. D.
re&or of Great-Hampden ; mr. Hodfon,
FeSo'r of the eonfolidated parifhes of Hunt-
ingdon ; the late mr; Wefton, of Ramfey ;
mr. Turner, re&br of Burwell, near New-
market > mr. Smith, vicar of St. Ives ; mr.
Tookey^ vicar of Chippenham $ mr. Carter,
redtor of Little-Wittcnham, near Walling-
ford ; meff. Benthams, and other clergy-
riien, in Ely (whofe names it is a fhame to
have forgotten) ; mr. Bree, re&or of AI-
lefley ; S. Gauntlet, of Hurfley ; mr. Cope-
land, of Marfton, in Northampfonfhire; mr.
Panchen, of Godmanchefter ; obligations,
and great ones^are owing to lady Bickerton,
mifs Cromwell, mrs. and mifs Waller, of Bea-
consfield; of mrs. Cunningham, of Check-
ers; mrs. Woodhoufe, of Lichfield; mifs
Trollop, of Huntingdon ; fir John Talbot
Dillon, baron of the facred roman empire ;
John-Ruffell Greenhill, D. D. redtor of
Cotisford ; Richard-Sutton Yates, D. D.
redtor
x PREFACE.
reftor of Solihull ; Raite, M. D. of
Huntingdon; Richard Moland, of Solihull,
efq. the curious mr. Green, of Lichfield,
mr. Henry Carter, of Little- Wittenham •
rev. R. Davies, and mr. Couchman, of
Temple-Balfall, for communicating infor-
mation or materials; the libraries of mr.
Knightley, mr. Moland, dr. Parrott, of Bir-
mingham, mr. Barker, of the fame place,
the rev. Samuel Pearfon, of Barkefwell, and
fome others, have been thrown open to the
author ; fincere thanks are alfo due to Wil-
liam Hutchinfon, of Barnard-caflle, in the
bifhopric of Durham, efq. the rev. R. Lo-
vett, redtor of Barkefwell ; the late rev. .
John Blair, cf Whitchurch ; the former
for contributing engravings, and the latter
for introdu&orv letters ; befides feveral
friends for fome trifling information; nor
muft the kind intentions of the rev. E. Brad-
ford, redtor of Babprham, be forgotten.
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
O F
,.;... VOLUME I.
V .-
PART I.
SECTION I.
QO NtA'INS the origin of the Williams, alias
Cromwells, and their biftory from Glotbian lord of
Powis, to Morgan Williams, efq. inclujive page i
. : S E C T I O N II.
tofipiftory of fir Richard Williams, alias Cromwell,
knt. great grandfather to Oliver lord proteElor,
and that of his younger children - - - - 6
SECTION HI.
The biftory of fir Henry Williams, alias Cromwell \
knt. grandfather to Oliver lord protestor, with
that of his younger fons, and their defendants, ex-
cept Robert* his fecond fon, the father of the pro-
testor Oliver - - - - - 26
SECTION
xii .CONTENTS. S:*^$; .
SECTION IV,
The biftory of fir Oliver Cromwell,' knig&};$$
bath, eldeft uncle of Oliver lord proteSori^^Bi
that of bis wives and younger cbildren^M
their pofterity \ - -' - - • ^%|
S E C T I O N V.
The biftory of Henry Cromwell, efq. eldeft /$?$
Oliver Cromwell, knight of the bath, dfid:th&
bis defendants - - - J#! " • >$$i£;t
SECTION VI.; -^ v^W-f
tfbe biftory of Henry Cromwell, efq. eld$ Jw$$v&i
laft Henry (who again took the nameoflVilVi^^^
and was "to have been created a knight of thtdmA^X:
. eak, bad that title been eftablijhed; with fw^^'
of the name of Cromwell, who are fuppofedffi$fi£
defcended from mr. Morgan Williams, father ^^\
Richard Williams, alias Cromwell, knight. \ f.73
PART II. t-"-C
SECTION I. W y'S
tfhe hijiory of Robert Cromwelly efq. and Elizabeth,
his wife., the parents of the protefior Oliver i'npitb'
that of their children^ except the protestor :.-:.cfeiy
SECTION
C .0 N T E N T S. xKi
SECTION II.
Memoirs of the proteiJor Oliver, and the biftory of
bis lady, and of bis children (except Ricbard lord
protestor,, and Henry lord lieutenant of Ireland)
106
PA^T III.
Memoirs of the protetlor Richard, and the biftory of
bis lady, and their defendants - - 302
PART ^
SECTION I,
The biftory of Henry Cromwell, lord lieutenant of
Ireland, youngeft furviving fon of the lord protetlor
Oliver, with that of bis lady, and younger chil-
dren - ~ .. * - - - 25*
S E C T I O N II.
the biftory of major Henry Cromwell {only fon of the
lord lieutenant who left defendants) with that of
bis wife .and. children, except bis fans Ricbard and
Henry - - - - - ■ - 2^
SECTION
xiv CONTENTS. .
SECTION HL>
The life of Richard Cromwell ', efq.fon of major Crom-
well, and grand/on of the lord lieutenant, with
tbofe of bis children, two of whom, mifs Cromwell,
and mifs Letitia Cromwell* are now living, and
are the eldeft branch of the protettorate-houfe zgg
SECTION IV, .
The life of mr. Thomas Cromwell, another fon%of
major Richard Cromwell, and grandfon of the lord
lieutenant, with tbofe of his children ; 0<iver
Cromwell, efq. fys now only furviving child, and
bis fon of the fame name, are the only males re-
maining of the prote&orate-boufe - - . 298
PROOFS and ILLUSTRATIONS 302
APPENDIX - - - 467
ERRATA.
ERRATA.
Paye 16* line ao, for were, read van. — Page 18, line 15- after »*. 7. r. W.
XT. p. xS, 1 . 24, for author of a Cavalier , r. tf»ftbor of memoirs of a cavalier.—*
P. 31, 1. 16, for refide, r. nr>te, — P. 36, 1. 17, for Rediva, r. Redh/iva.
P. 51, 1. 16, forjSr Henry Bromley , r. jfr Tbmas Bromley, — P. 80. 1. lz.-for was
fcr/ferf, r. as/be was called P. 85, 1. 3. for benefac, r. benefatlor. P. 86,
I. tjf for was given, r. was given bim. — P. 97t I* «» for dcjtended from, r.
dejtended. — P. loz. !. i, and a, for told lord Sandwich that /be, r. Jbe told me
that lord Sandwich. — P. no, I. 3, for thoufand, f. tboufands.— P. izo, 1. 1, for
exceeding*** exceeded.--?. T36, 1. 16, fotJubtrdRed. T.JubflraEled—P. aoj, 1. 4*
for complicated, r. completed.— P. 417, 1. 12 and 13, for but inftead, r. injlead.-*
P. 227, 1. 5, for to ordered, \. ordered.— P. 233, 1. 19, for HamJIead, r. ffijmp-
J?/*/. — Pr 274, 1. 6, for Rapine, r. Rapin.-—V. 286, 1. 8, for Clencbjhne, r. Jfcf-
tonjiont, — P. 290, 1. 4, for fanatifm, r. fanaticiJm.—P. 309, 1. 23, for Vincent's,
t. ffncenfs errors of Brooke's catalogue of nobility.— P. 3*3, 1. 12, for difederata,
x. diJiderata.—P. 324, 1. 6, )»«* error.— P. 34a, 1. 19, for fcw, r. f£e. — P.
344. 1- 4 and St for had be at that time Suffered ; won/ would be, r* bad be at
gbat time Suffered want \ would be. P. 380, 1. 6, for bis cou/n frailer, r. Mr*
Waller.—?* 389* !• "t for Cefawbo*, r. Cafaubon. — P. 396, 1. j. for Aiarf*
f. JWtftf/ .
ADDENDA.
PART I. fe£t ii. fir Richard Williams, alias Crom-
well, knight, p. 18, line 9, add — and was returned
a member of parlement for Huntingdonfhire in the fame
year.
Thomas Cromwell, efq. p. 24, 1. 6, add— he wat
alfo a member for the borough of Foway and Leo-
minfter, in parlements held 13 and 39 years of the
fame reign.
Sea.
A D D £ N D A.
Sefl. iii. Henry Cromwell, efq. p. 31, 1. 2, add — and
was returned a member for the borough of Hunting-
don, in the firft parlement, called by king James I.
Se&. iv. fir Oliver Cromwell, knight of the bath, 1. 1 7,
— The conje&ure was right; fir Oliver was chofen
one of the kinghts for the county of Huntingdonshire,
in the parlements called in the 31, 35, 39, and 43 years
pf queen Elizabeth,' and the 1, 12, and 21, of king James
I.'s reign.
Seft. vi. Henry Cromwell, alias Williams, efq.
p. 74., 1. 6, after held in, add— -he was one of the re-
prefentatives of the county of Huntingcjon, in 1654,
as he was alfo in that called in 1658-9 in which *.
Page 90, line 1 2, add — mr. Cromwell's name was
John : he was born in Yorkfhire, at Barnaby-Moor,
where he had a good eftate : he gave up Royfton for
the re&ory of Claworth, in Nottinghamfliire, from
which he was ejected: the prote&pr Oliver wMhedto'
keep him at court, and offered him 200I. per annum,
if he would have gone chaplain with his fon Henry,
lord deputy of Ireland ; but he declined it, faying, he
thought fc preaching the gofpel the greateft preferment :'
lie rivalled, and, in the opinion of many, exceeded
doctor Owen as a preacher : he fuffered many undeferved
hard {hips after the restoration : he was fufpe&ed of being
engaged in the Yorkfhire plot : the duke of Newcaftle
Hood his friend: he died about april; 1685. Biihop
• AH the above is from Willis's not. pari. 2 vol. 8vo.— There being
two Works that bare this title) led the author into feme omiffions.
Reynolds
A D fr B N D A,
Reynolds having invited him to his palace, to do hin>
honor, rofe up, and went with him to the door, which
raifed a loud laugh amongft the young clergy, to whom -
his lordfhip faid, t that it was ungenteeL to feoff" at a
* friend at his t^ble ;' adding, fc thus far T can aver, that
* he has more folid divinity in his little finger, thsut
* all you have" in your bodies.' It is faid, that hs was
no relation to the protectors ; it was certainly prudent
in him to fay fo, but it is moft probable he was, See
more of his life in the non-conformift memorial.
Part II. feft. i. Robert Cromwell, efq. father of the
prote&or Oliver, p. 95, J. 9, after Jl ate, add — a feat for
his own borough of Huntingdon, in the parlement held
55 Elizabeth's reign, and Willis's not. pari.
Seift. ii. Oliver lord protestor, p, 122, 1. 15,
after January 28, 1628, add — as he had been for the
fame place iri the firft year of that reign. Same work.
Richard, lord proteftor, p, 205, 1. 13, add~and alfo
for the univerfity of Cambridge, as he had been for the
counties of Monmouth and Southampton, in that called
in 1654.
Part II. p. 227, 1, 13. It appears, by Le Neve, that
mr. Richard Cromwell, once prote&or, fent down his
voungeft daughter, upon his fon's death, to take pof-
feffion of the Hurfley eftate, which (he did ; but, the
daughters pretending that he was fuperahnuated {ancj,
(bough he was fo fond of, and had ever treated them in
k the
ADDENDA.
the raoft tender manner) propofed to divide the eflates
amongft them, allowing him fomething out of them i
this he refufed to accept, and commenced a fuit againft
them to obtain poffefiion ; a'ndj as he was obliged to
appear in perfon in court, his lifter, lady Faucon-
berg, fent her coach and equipage to conduct him
there : he was taken by the judge into an apartment
where his lordfhip had provided refrefliments for him,
and where he remained till the caufe came on ; and
when one of the council on the other fide, was going
to take exceptions to mr. Cromwell's being accom-
modated with a chair, his lordihip told him, * he would
* allow of no reflections to be made, but that they
4 fliould come to the merits of the caufe.'
Same, p. 228 %,1. 18. — The protector, Richard, died
at Chefhimt, in the houfe of ferjeant Pengelly 5 which*
in fome meafure, authenticates what has been men-
tioned of the relationlhip between them. Le Neve's
memoirs of iljuftrious perfons who died in ' I ? 1 2 ; but,
according to his ufual inaccuracy, he gives lord chan-
cellor Cowper, for the lord-chief-juftice of the King's-
Bench ; with equal truth, he fays, that Richard died
april^ j that his age was 88 ; and that Rufhworth's
i
colldftions was the only book dedicatedto him.
Part II. p. 240, 1. 1, add — this very poor engraving
was of great fervice to mr. Walpole, in authenticating
a picture of this protector, by Cooper, now in his cabinet.
a Part
ADDENDA*
Part IV. fe£t; i. Henry Cromwell, lord lieutenant of
Ireland, p. 258, 1. 8, add — which he reprefented in th^
parlcment called in the fame year*
Page 279, 1. 1 7, add — Henry's death was occafioned
by that dreadful diforder, the ftone : the king was about
that time at Newmarket, and was infofmed of it by
the earl of Suffolk : Charles exprefled his regard for
him, inquired into the particulars of his diforder, and^
aiked whether they had given him bis drops ; his ma*
jefty having always taken much pleafttre in chymeflry,
having a kbratory in Whitehall, over, which fir Thomas
Williams, prefided : fuch is the efteds of virtue that it
attracts the efteem of all, even of thofe whofeldom
or never facrifice to it.
——Same, p. 282, 1. i$, after as well as impolicy
ef\it, add — his behaviour was fo generous, even to thofe
of the roqaan-catholic communion, that the countefs of
Antrirg, feveral years after the restoration, was juft
enough to fay, pointing to one of his children, when
fhe dined at Hurfley, * all that we have in the world
* is owing to that gentleman's father !'
Part IV. fe&. ii. major Henry Cromwell, p. 289, 1, ^0.
— Le Neve thinks he had a troop of dragoons in colonel
Leigh's regiment; was afterwards a captain in lord
Mahon's; and, laftly, major to Fielding's regiment
of foot : he died in the month of auguft, at Lifbon.
This and the two laft are taken from Le Neve's me-
moirs of illuftrious perfons who died in 17 12.
Proofs
a MEMOIkS OF THE
part i. the protestor Oliver, and now in the pof-
>-^v-w feffion or the mifs Cromwells, the lineal
thegwuii- defcendants of^ that great man— it is thus
*ms, alias * i i
Cromwdis. entitled :
c The degree of Kindred, and manner of
c increafing of the ancient familie of the
c Lords of Powis arid Cardigan (in the Prin-
c cipalitie of Wales), from whom the right
^ worfliipful Sir Hfcnrie Cromwell, Knight,
c now living in 1602, is lyneallie defcended,
€ by the Father's fyde : Whereunto are added,
c the progenye and race of other noble and
c worfhipfull famylies ; whofe proper fteme,
c arms, and matches by marriage, are playnlie
€ fet down, and knowen to haveNCombyned
c tfierafelves in this defcent, as followed!.'
GLOTHIAtf,
CROMWELL FAMILY.
MORBETH,
daughter and heir of
• Edwin ap Tydwal£
Lord of Cardigan,
Morbeth,
daughter and heir of
Inge Lord of Gwente.
GLOTHIAN,
Lord
6f
Powis . ^^
• Gwaith Zoed,
Lord of Powis,
And Cardigan.
Grbgrefton ap Gwaith Zoed was Lord of Powis, fecond fon.
Gurganny ap Gwirefion ap Gwaith Zoed.
Gurganny Vaughan, the foh of Gurganny ap Gwirefion,
Gurgan, fon of Gurganny Vauhan.
Llowarth, fon of Gurgan Vauhan*
Gronvey,
fon of
Llowarth.
Katheryn,
daughter of Roger,
ap Howell Melin.
Gronvey
Vichan.
Daughter and coheir of
Rhyne ap Siflelt.
i
Rhyne,
j> Gron*<
Lord of Ryl
ap Gronrey,
ybore.
Daughter of Croon ap Howell Igham,
Lord of Bryga*
Madock, fon of Rhyne, Lord of Rybore.
I
Howell,
ap Madock,
Lord of Rybur.
T
Morgan,
ap
Howell.
Yebao,
ip Morgan, of New Church, near to
Cardif, in Glamorganfhire.
William ap Yeban, v ,
ferwd Jafper Dake of Bedford,
and King Henry VIII.
Morgan Williams,-
fon and heir of
William.
fitter of
Tho. Lord Cromwell.
Sir Richard Cromwell, alias Williams.
- Wenllyan,
daughter and heir of Llyne ap Yeban,
of Rady, by Landafe.
Joan,
daughter of Thomas Button, Efq. of
Glamorganfhire.
- Margaret,
daughter of Jenkin Remys, of
Began, Efq.
Walter Cromwell,
father of
Thomas Lord Cromwell.
i
Tho. Lord Cromwell,— I — Elizabeth,
created E. of Effex, I daughter of
3xK.H.VIII. j — Pryorc.
Gregory Lord Cromwell.
4 MEMOIRS OF THE
?££! I' I have taken the pedigree thus far, to con-
SECT. I. r ° 7
^^y- vince the curious that the prote&orate houfc
the wiiii. of Cromwell derived its origin from Wales—
Cromwciis. that they bore the name of William, before
they affumed that of Cromwell; and confe-
quently, that all who have given different
relations were undoubtedly miftaken : to ob-
viate every difficulty> and to anfwer every
objedtion, I have more particularly refuted
the arguments of all who fuppofe otherwife ;
but as it might too much interfere and .per-
plex thefe memoirs, I have appropriated an-
other place for that difquifition*.
The genealogy demands but little atten-
tion, till we come to Morgan Williams, for
though the whole (prior to him) probably is
perfectly authentic, yet, as the Welch chro-
nicles afford little more than a dry detail of
names and dates, and as this pedigree refpech
men who lived in barbarous ages, and a ftill
more favage country, their hiftory could give
no pleafure, and but little knowledge.
* Vide letter* A in the proofs and ill«ftnu<yiw ta part i.
Glothian,
CROMWELL FAMILY. 5
Glothian, with whom the genealogy com- |g* ~ !.'
mences, was the fifth lord of Powis, and his >-^,,^'
Origin rf
lady was tlefcended from Cavcdtg* of whom *e wini.
the county of Cardigan took the name of Cwwm*
Cavedigion ; his fon, Gwaith Voyd, was lord
not only of Powis and Cardigan, but alfo of
Gwayte and Gwaynefayc 5 he died about the
sera of the Norman conqueft of England, i. e.
1066, and was buried in Fountain Gate, in
the parilh of Cavan*.
Morgan Williams, e& . father of fir Richard Morgtn ,
° x Williams,
Williams, alias Cromwell, was 9. eentlamn great great
grandfather
x>f Glamoigaaftike, pofleflfed of an eftate worth ^Ii¥er'
about two or throe hundred pounds a year j lor-
* Dr. Thomas Gibbon* appendix to a fermon /preached
at the death of William Cromwell, efg. * containing a
* brief account of the Cromwell family, from before the
• Norman conqueft to the prefent time/ The doctor fays,
Gwaith Voyd was wounded in battle againft Avifa, a Sy-
thian infidel, in defending the temple of St. David's ; but &
he (hould have recollected* that St. David never had any
temples fcuilt to his Honour, and that we read of no Sy-
thians invading any part of Britain — probably a pagan
Dane, named Avifa, endeavoured to deftroy the cathedral
church of St. David, and that in the defence of which,
Gwaith Voyd might be wounded. The knight-errantry of
mriades did not commence till fome time after this per-
fon s dealt.
B J 'which
6 MEMOIRS. OF THE
* art t- which cftate has been long enjoyed by the
v^>^ family of Lewis, and before them by the
Morgan *
wiiLams, Vaughans, and now fets for about 900I. per
great great
Srand£thcr annum* ; it is alfo {aid, that he refided in
of Oliver, ~ ' '. "' '*
ibrd protec- Llan Newidel parifh near Caermarthent; and
tor. $ ' ' ' v • * "."'".
as he was in the feryice of king Henry the
feventh's uncle, and fome fay even privy
counfellor to the king himfelf J, it is not un-
likely but that he might, with the profits of
his poft, or from grants ffom the crown, ob-
tain fome lands in England, His marriage
with the earl of Eflex's fifter has been dis-
puted j of that, when we come to the hiftory
of his fon and heir fir Richard : he had an-
other fon befides fir Richard, whofe chriftian
name was Walter, and who is called Cromwell
in the pedigree*
SECTION II,
sir Rk^ard Sir Richard Williams, alias Cromwell, knt.
alias erodi- eldeft fon and heir to. Morgan Williams, efq.
well, knt,
father of " * Communicated by the Rev. R. Davies to my very re-
Oliver, lord fpecled friend doclqr Yates, upon my application.
f Communicated by Mr. Bevan to doctor Yates.
j Likewife communicated by Mr. Bevan to doctor Yates.
was
CROMWELL FAMILY. f
was born in the parifh of Llanifhen, in. the fA'JTJ*
county of Glamorgan*; the former, part. of >-*-vw
* . f SirRichtf*
this gentleman's life is unknown : he was wmium,
° ali»s Crom«
brought into the court of king Henry VIII. w*^*
by an alliance with^Thomas Cromwell, the £^er *f .
1 * Oliver, lord
great favourite of that king ; who that mo- pwuft*- ,
narch raifed from the loweft fituatiOn, to be
earl of Efisx, vicar-general, and knight of
the garter./
The pedigree ftates that Morgan Williams*
this gentleman's fathe!r, married the fitter of
tjie ^arl of Eflexs but this is denied by feveral
authors j* : be the affinity how it would, cer-
tainly there was a relationfhip between them J.
Introduced to the perfon of Henry by {q
powerful an intereft, and poffefling fo many
great qualifications as he did, and thofe par-
ticularly attra&ing to that fovereign, he foon
largely partook, of the royal bounty $ which
* Lel^nds Itenerary— vide letter B in the proofs and
illuftrations to part I.
f Vide letter C in the proofs and illuftrations to part I.
J Yidc letter D inthe proofs and illuftrations to part I.
£ 4 Henry
* MEMOIRS OF THE
J&Vn. H<w* l^viflied upon all who were his f*»
^-^^V writes, and their friends*
Sir.Richari
Williams,
wen, knt.~ . It is certain that he ftood fo high in that
ftth«of monarch's efteem (though it does not appear
prote^or. what fervice he . had then done to the crown)
that ki 15 j«, he had die grant of the nunnery
of Hinchinbrooke, and roonaftry of Saltry-
Judith, both in the county of Huntingdon* %
the yearly values of which were 19I. 9s, ad.
$nd 199U 11$. id.
Only two years after this (viz. march 4,
1540) the fcite with feverai manors of the
rich abbey of Ramfey, all in the fame county,
was granted to him, 5 in consideration of his
c good fervice «nd payment of 4663I. 4s. ad,
< by the tenure, and rent in capite l>y the
* tenthpatt of a knight's fee, paying 29L j6sf:*
confiderable as this fum (with the fervice and
annual rent then was) it was trifling, in com-*
pariibn of the prodigious value of that abbey,
* Tanner's Notitia Monaft,
f Fuller's church hiflory.
^ whofe
CKOMWELL FAMILY. 9
whofe annual income was 1987I. 15s. 3d.* *££F£
much the greateft part of the manors belong- ^^f^
ing to it, with the abbey itfelf, became his wiiiim,
. alias Croat.
by this grant ; And as Fuller fays, it was in *«*«» km.
J great grand*
part granted him for fervices done, we may £lherf*£a
reafonabiy fuppofe, that the consideration given pw»*a»»-
was but little in proportion to its value ; and
that the other grants, if not wholly free, were
upon as eafy conditions as Ramfey — it is very
certain that the diflblved religious houfes were
difpofed of for almoft nothing, and this
gentleman had, we may prefume (from his
alliance with the vicar-general, who in fa&
had the difpofal of them) great favor ihewn
him.— -All thefc grants paffed to him by
* The value of the ecclefiafticai lands is intirely taken
from Speed's maps, as he acknowledges that he had the
hiftory of the county of Hxfntxngdon from ' a very learned
* and judicious friend of his;* who was no other than «
Sir Robert Cotton, a gentleman every way qualified for
fuch an undertaking ; and the more fo as he was a native
of and refident in the county. — Hinchinbrooke is valued ,.
by fir William Dugdale at 17I. is. ^d. and by Speed, in
his hiftory of Great-Britain, at 19I. gs. sd. Saltry, or
Sawtre, by them, at 141I. 3s. 8d. and 199I. 1 is. 8d. and
Ramfey a* 17 x6k iss. 4d. and 1983I. 15s. od. jq.
the
io MEMOIRS OF THE
J art i. the names of Richard Williams, alias Crorh-
pEC I . ,11.
well*.
Sir Richard
Williams,
alias Crom- m
wen, knr. in the fame year he eminently diftinguifhed
great graad-
father of himfelf by his military (kill and gallantry ; as
Oliver, lord J ' & j
prowaor. ^c circumitances attending it arc very mate-
rial to. the hiftory of this family, I will tran-
scribe it as given by. the laborious Stow| ;
c On May-rday (fay tthey) was a great triumph
* of juftihg at Weftminfter, which jyfts had
c been proclaimed in France, Flanders, Scot-.
f land, and Spain, for all commers that would,
* againft the challengers of England, which
c were Sir John Dudley, Sir T. Seymour, Sir
c T. Poinings, Sir George Carew, knights j
c Anthony Kingfton, and Richard Cromwell,
c efquires ; which faid challenger? came into
c the liftes that day, richly appareled, and
c and their horfes trapped all in white yejvet^
* Tanner's Not. Monaft.
t Stow's chronicle ; the j lifting, &c. is copied verbatim
by Hollingfhed in his chronicle; Hall alio in his chronicle
gives the fame relation as Stow, though much more
concife.
< with
CROMWELL FAMILY. n
* with* certain knights and gentlemen riding l£*J$
€ afore them ; apparelled all with velvet, and ^-n^^
rr . . .Sir Richard
* white farfenet, and all their fervants in whitfe Williams,
alias Crom-
* doublets, and hofen cut all in the Burgonion wcii, knt.
• great grand-
c fafliion •, and there came to juft againft theirf, f«hcr °f ,
J ° Oliver, lqr<jl
c the faid day, of defendants 46, the earl of &*<&<*•
* Surrey being the foremoft j Lord Williame
« Howard, Lor4 Clirijtori, and Lord Cromwell,
€ fon and heir to T. Cromwell, earle of Efferi,
c and chamberlaine of England, with other,
f which were all richly apparelled. And that
c day Sir John Dudley was overthrowne in the
* field by mifchance of his horfe, . by one Ari-
* drew Breme, nevprthelefs he brake divers
f fpears valiantly after that 5 and after the faid
€ jufts were done, thp faid challengers rode to
c Durham place, where they kept open houfe*
* hold, and feafted the king and queen, with
c their ladies, and all the court.
c The 2d of May, Anthony Kingftpne and
c Richard Cromwell were made knights of the
c faid place.
* The 3d of May, the faid challengers did
* Tourney on horfeback, with fwords 5 againft
then*
it MEMOIRS OF THE
se<?/u C t*lcm camc 29 defendants-. Sir John Dudleyy
^-^~ c and the earl of Surrey running firft, which the
Sir Richard 7 °
Williams, < firft courfe loft their gauntlets, and that day
alias Crooa-
*cii, knt. c sir Richard Cromwell overthrew M. Palmer
great gran<U
pf«tca©r. < nour Qf ijjg challengers.
c The 5th of May the faid challengers faught
* on foot, at the Barriers, and againft them
c came 30 defendants, which faught valiantly,
* but Sir Richard Cromwell overthrew that
4 day, at die barriers, M. Culpepper in the
* field, and the fixt of May the faid chal-
4 lengers brake up their houfehold.
* In the which time of their houfe-keeping
c they had not only feafted the king, queen,
4 ladies, and the whole court, as is aforefaid,
c but alfo on the Tuefday in the rogation
4 weeke, they feafted all the knights and bur-
4 geffes of the common houfe in the parli-
4 ment ; and on the morrow after they had
c the mayor of London, the aldermen, and all
f their wives to dinner, and on the Friday
c they brake it up as is afojFe&id/
Sir
CROMWELL FAMILY. j3
Sir Richard and the fire other challengers J*£ t. t
» JE C X. MM*
had each of them, as a reward for their valor, f-T^,p'
One hundred marks annually, with a hpufe to wiiii«m,
tliss Croat*
live in, to them and their heirs for ever, we,1> kat-
great grand*
granted out of the monaftry of the friars of £|b«r °£
St. Francis, in Stamford, which was diflblved p«*»«°*«
o&ober 8, 30 Henry VIII*.
We may form a proper idea of the gallantry
of our knight, and the efteem that the king
had for him on that account, from the fol-
lowing anecdote: when Henry faw fir Richard's
prowefs he was fo enraptured, that he ex-
claimed, « formerly thou waft my dick, but
•hereafter thou lhalt be my diamond % and
thereupon dropped a diamond ring from his
finger, which fir Richar4 taking up, his ma-'
jefty prefented it to him, bidding him ever
afterwards bear fiidi £ one in the fore gamb
of the demy lion in his creftf, inftead of the
javelin; and which the elder branch of the
Cromwells conftantly did, as did the protestor
* Fuller's hiftory of the church,
f Same author and work.
Oliver
i4 MEMOIRS OF THE
3bctTil Oliver himfelf likewife upon his afiumption of
wv~ the fovereignty (before he ufed it with the
Sir Rich»r4 ,
Williams, javelin*.)
alias Crom- /
well, knt.
ES?!?*" ^ 19 now proper to fpeak of the reafon of his
fn»aJ7 changing his name from William to Cromwell :
Henry VIII. ftrongly recommended It to the
Welch (who he incorporated with the Englifh)
to adopt the mode of moft civilized nations, in
taking family names, inftead of their manner
of adding their father's, and perhaps, grand-
father's name to their own chriftian one, with
nap or ap between the chriftian and firname,
as Morgan ap Williams, or Richard ap Mor-
gan ap Williams, i. e. Richard the fon of
Morgan, the fon of William ; and xthe king
was the more anxious, as it was found fo in-
convenient in identifying perfons rn judicial
matters. — Therefore the Welch, about this
* I am clear that Oliver the proteclor bore for a creft a
demy Hon holding a fpear, before his exaltation, and a (lone
ring after -, from the many feals to commiflions that I
have feen of his ; Peck fays the fame thing, but not know-
ing the bearings of the family, fuppofes the ring was
placed in the lion's gamb when proteclor, to fignify
thereby that he was married to the (late,
time,
CROMWELL FAMILY. , ,5
\imc, dropped the ap in many of their l££ru.
names, or if it could be done with conve* V^v~'
Sir Richard
fiience as to pronunciation, left out the a. ^ai»"»»
and joined the p to their father's chriftian *el,« knt-
- J * ■ - great grind-
name*; thus mr. Morgan ap William, fir Jjlthcr °/ .
° k ' Ohter, lora
Richard's father, feems, from the pedigree, Pcotc<aof-
to have taken the name of William for his
family name; but as the firname of Williams
was of fo late Handing, his majefty recorrn
mended it to fir Richard to ufe that of Crom-
well, in honor of his relation the earl of Effex,
whofe prefent greatnefs intirely obliterated his
former meannefsf.
Thus did the Williams take the firname of
Cromwell, or rather added it to that of Wil-
liams, for in all the writings I have feen of
this family they conftantly put it with an alias,
* Camden's remains, from whom we learn that this
was the reafon of the many chriftian names being appro-
priated to thofe of families, we have the Williams', Lewis',
Morgans' &c. &c. without number, and by joining the/?,
the Prichards, Powels, Parrys, Prices, i. e. ap Richard,
ap Howel, ap Harry, a|> Rheefe, &c. &c.
t Various lives of Oliver, lord protector, and other
works, a$ alfo the pedigree.
and
tS MEMOIRS OF THE
%£ct.& *** *** °* wiUiams always precedes that of
^-^^^ CromweiL
Sir Richard
alias croi- Though the caufe of this chance i$ well
well, knt L - - ■ -
gi«t gwnd. known, the time is not; many writers pretend
father of . '
Oliver, lord the name of Cromwell was not taken up till
protector. *
the time of fir Richard's being knighted; but
this is certainly erroneous, as we fee that the
grants of ecclefiaftical lands pafled to him by
his names of William, alias Cromwell, fo early
as 1538 1- thefe authors are equally miftaken
in fuppofiiig that the king never knew our
knight till the tournament, which cannot bet
becaufe thofe very grants paffed fome time
before thefe martial games.
With the name of Cromwell fir Richard
did not aflame the arms of that family, butr
retained thofe of his anccftof s (the augmenta-
tion of his creft only excepted) and which
had nothing to do with the Cromwells, for
his coat of arms were, fable, a lion rampant,
argent, the creft a demy lion rampant, argent;
in his dexter gamb a jem ring, or*.
The
* Vide the engravings of the armorial bearings of the
Cromwells, at Hinchinbrookc-houfe, built by them ; the
feals
CfeOMWBLL FAMILY. 17
The fudden fall and violent death of fir Jj^^n
Richard's kinfman, Cromwell, earl of Effex,
Sir Richard
Williams,
feals of Oliver in Vertue's engravings of Simon's works ; *en, knt. *
and the feal of Oliver in Peck's life of him. greatgrwi*-
father w
It is certain that Cromwell, earl of Effex had no pater- Oliver, lard
nal fhield of arms, as may be learnt from Fuller, who Pwt*Aor-
fpeaking of the humility of that unfortunate nobleman,
fays, * formerly there flourifhed a notable family of
1 Cromwell* of Tatterihall, in Lincolnfhire, efpecialiy
* fince Sir Ralph Cromwell married the yOunger daughter
4 and coheir of WUKam the laft Lord DeincovrU Now
' there wanted not forae flattering herauits, excellent
4 chemifts in pedigree, to extract any thing from any
' thing, who would have entitled this Lord Cromwell to
' the arms of that ancient family (extincl in the iflue male
' thereof) about the end of king Henry the fixth. Hi*
' anfwer unto them was thus, " he would not weare
" another man's coat, for fear the owner thereof mould
" pluck it off his ears;" and preferred rather to take a
1 coate, vis.* Azure, Ofia Fefs intet three lions rampant, Or a * jet yjn-
1 rofe gtdes betwixt two chougkes proper (being fome what of cent on lh*
4 the fulled) the epidemical difeafe of all armes given in Effcx.
* the reign of Henry the eighth. '—So alfo MUlcs, York,
Vincent, Brook* Morgan, and Speed.
This modefty (fo natural to the yicar-feneral) was not
copied by his fon Gregory lord CrOmwell ; wht>, ihftead
of hu father's arms, took or and azure, four Hons paffimt*
countercharged. Chaxton's maps, and York's fpherc of
gentry. — Mr. Edmondfon has ftrangely cehfofed tkebear-
"»g« of the Cromwells.
C who
,8 MEMOIRS dF THE •
par,t i, ^ho fell ia Victim to the caprice' of a tyrant **
S ECT» II, »
i^^ did not injure (as might have been fuppofed)
WiUiims' his fortunes, for in 1541 he was appointed
\l^\f llT high fheriff of the counties of Huntingdon
great gutitd* . . ' • »
f^her, ta and Cambridge, which counties are joined
gro&fcb l too-ether in one civil adminiftration, there
being but one high fheriff for both; and this
has been, immemorially; the cuftom, and ftill
continues to«bei0f.-
In the following' year his majefty likewife
gave him at grant of the monaftry of St.
Mary?s, in the town of Huntingdon, and St.
Neot's %, whofe yearly values were 2321. 7s.
and 256I. is. 3d|)v
He
* Vide No. I. in the lift of perforis and families allied
to the proteclOTate houfe of Cromwell ; in which is fome
account of Thomas earl of EffeX and his defcendanfs.
t Various lives of the proteclor Oliver, Sec. — The
{heriff for the counties of Huntingdon and Cambridge is
chofen one year out of the latter, in general ; the fecond
year, out of the ifle of Ely ; and the third from Hunting-
donihire.
• ;|\ Tanner's Not. Monaft.
|| . Speed's maps. — Dugdale values St. Mary's at ro^K
'* ji. 8d. and Speed, in his iiftory of Great Britain, at
«3$L
***.
CROMWELL FAMILY. 19
He was made one of the gentlemen of the * A R T J-
15 SECT. 11.
privy chamber to his majefty, in 1543*: A ^-v~o
war breaking out with France in this- year, wiin.ms,
/ alias Crom-
he was fent over to that kingdom, as general *«•». knt
° great grsnd-
of the infantry j indeed all the ofEcers for this father ro
' J OV>v+rf lord
expedition, were felected, they being c all right Prorca*r-
* hardie and valient knights, efquires, and gen-
'tlemeht-'
This force, which amounted to 6000, hav-
ing crofled the water, marched out of Calais,
to join the emperor, July. 22, to attempt with
him . to retake Landrecy, which had lately
been wrefted from that monarch by the French.
232I. 7s. Dugdale and fir Simon Degge value St. Neot's
at24.il. lis. 4cl. — Thefe grants pafTed to him, fays Tan-
ner, by the Riles of fir Richard Cromwell, alias Williams,
and fir Richard Williams^ alias Cromwell.
* Dugdalc's Baronage.
+ In the expedition to Fiance were the flower of the
EngliCh. chivalry, viz. fir John Trollop, governor of
Gtiyen, commander in chief ; fir Thomas Seymour, mar-
ital of the army; fir Robert Bowes, treafurer; fir George
Carew, lieutenant to fir Richard Cromwell; -fir Th'omas
Palmer, porter of Calais ; fir Thomas Rainsford, fir John
St. John, and fir John Gafcoignc, captain of foot, rjol-
liiigflied's chronicle, with thofe of Hall, Grafton, Cooper,
and Stow.
C 2 Frances
a*, MEMOIRS OF THE
s ectTii! Francis I. king of France, anxious to fave
Sir Richard
the place, appeared before it, and the allies,
Williams, with the emperor Charles V. at their head, as
alms Crotn-
wcii, Lot. boldly oppofed them, but when . both parties
oi^e' «• thought a battle inevitable, and the allies had
prc*ca»r. drawn out their army, the French king took
that opportunity of throwing in men, ammu-
nition, and provifions, and having relieved
the place marched away; the allies to revenge
themfelves attacked the dauphin, who was left
With the rearward, but being too eager, they
fell into an ambufcade, and many of the
Englifli were taken prifoners, amongft them
Were fir George Carew, fir Thomas Palmer,
and fir Edward Bellingham* however, they
amply retorted upon the French, killing and
taking great numbers.
It is allowed that thefe forces behaved
themfelves with great gallantry during their
ihort ftay in France*, which was only till
novembw in the fame yearf.
* HollirigJhecTi chronicle, f Cooper** chronicle.
Of
CROMWELL FAMILY, **
Of this expedition our hiftory is very de- J AyLTjJp
feftive; the particular atchievments of the ^-^-^
Sir Richard
gallant individuals that compofed the army, wuiianw,
tins Croni-
authors are filent ; which Hollingftxed, in his wdi, km,
• , . great grai>4-
chronicle, judicioufly laments : but, from the *£» »
approved valor of fir Richard, we may fup- v**6*t
pofe he behaved with his ufual good conduft,
efpecially, as in the year following, 1544, his
majefty appointed him conftahle of Berkley
caftle*.
I find nothing mentioned of him after this ;
neither is the time of his death or place of
fcpulture known.
Before I quit the hiftory of fir Richard, I
cannot help obferving, that he muft have left
a prodigious fortune to his family, by what
he pofleffed by defcent, grants, and purchafes
of church lands, and from the fums he muft
have acquired by filling very lucrative employ-
ments, with the liberal donations given him by
his fovereign king Henry VIII. this is evident
from his poflefiions in ecclefiaftical lands in
* DugclaleY baronage.
C 3 Huntings J"
»2 MEMOIRS OF THE
seqtTii" Huntingdonfhire*; the annual amount of-which,
v-^v*^/ at an eafyrent, were worth at leaft ?oool. per
Sir Rkhara J .
vviiiiam*, ann. thefe eftates only in Fuller's timet- were,
alias Crom- J ' y
wdi, knt. ^ faySj wort}1 20,oool. and others- ?o,oool.
great grand- J 3 7 « <J >
Oliver, Tord annually, and upwards, and from what thefe
protestor, eftates now fetfor, in and near RamfeyJ and
Huntingdon (which are only a part of them)
I fliould prefume that fir Richard's eftates, in
that county only, would now bring in as large
a revenue as any peer at this time enjoys.
* It does not appear from Tanner, or any other of our
writers, that fir Richard Cromwell had any other church
poffeffions, except thofe in the county of Huntingdon,
and part of thofe of St. Francis' monaftry in Stamford.
t Fuller's worthies.
j The abbey of Ramfey was one of the richeft founda-
tions in the kingdom, all the lands of which,* in. the
county of Huntingdon,, are faid to have been granted to
fir Richard Cromwell. The abbot was mitred, and fat in
the houfe of lords as baron of Broughton ; the abbey had
387 hides of land, 200 of whicn were in Huntingdonfhhe.
Dugdale an4 others miftake when they fay that fir Richard
Cromwell had all the ecclefiaftic lands belonging to' the
diflblved foundations in that county ; for Tanner affirms,
that-St. Ive's was granted 10 fir Thomas Audley ; Stoncly
to Oliver. Leder, and a houfe belonging to the Auguftine
friars, . which flood at the north end of the town of
Huntingdon, to Thomas Ardcu.
Sir
CROMWELL FAMILY. *3
Sir Richard married," in 1518, Frances ?**T'
daughter of fir Thomas Murfyn*, a native of ^-^-^
° J . LadyFranw
Cambridgefhire-h who was a fkinner in Lon- c«s»wifeof
to ' Sir Richard
don, and ferved the office of IherifF of that wiiiiaas,'
-alias Crom*
city, with Nicholas Shelton, in 151 1, and weii,knv
was lord mayor in the year 1518 J. • Lady ...
Frances died at Stepney, and was there bu-
ried, February 20, 1533, 25 Henry VIII ||.
The iffuq of fir Richard and lady Frances suPPofcd
is not mentioned by any perfon, except Henry children 0f
their fon and heir; but I apprehend the fol- wiiiiam"
lowing to be their children alfo. wdf, kn°t?-
Thomas Cromwell, efq. who was fheriff* of
the counties of Huntingdon and Cambridge, ^
* Pedigree above r men tioped, and feveral lives of Oliver,
lord protector.
t "Lives of Oliver, lord protector. ;
X Chronicles of Hall, Fabian, and Grafton, and Stow'a
furvey of London.— They fpell the nameMurfyn, variously,
Grafton, only, calls him fir Thomas ; probably lie was not
knighted till after his election to the mayoralty, for Stow,
in the year following, obferves, that after that time it was
ufoal to knight the lord mayor when elected* Fuller in his
worthies, fays, that fir Thomas was a native of Ely, and
that his father was George Mirfine.
| The pedigree.
C 4 anno
Thomas
Cromwell.
*4 MEMOIRS OF THE
I tor i{ anno x57*** anc^ a ^ember of parlement for
^-^^^ the borough of Bodmin, in the county of Do
chorea ©f Von> in the parlement held in the fourteenth*
fn Richard
WM*m», and for Grampound, in the county of Corn-=
we«, km. waii3 the twenty-eighth and thir^-firft of the
crcTwcu, reign of queen Elizabeth^
He was the mofl; leading member in th$
houfe, fcarce any committee was without him^
during the years 1572, 1^75, 1580, 1584^
and the five following ones* after which his
name never occurs; often bills were wholly
committed to him, and I think he is upon
near an hundred committees, many of which
are of the greateft confequence J,
Itis obfervable of this gentleman, that he
fnade a motion, february 15, 1587, ftating,
that c as at their (the houfe of commons)
* petition, her majefty had done juftjee upon
* M«$. Brit, et Anpqua ct Nova.
f Willis' Not. Parle*.
J Journals of the houfe o( commons, and fir Simon
d'E wes journals of queen Elizabeth's parlements,
' the
CTROMWEXL FAMILY. *5
cthe fcotch queen, to the greater fafety' o? pAut i»
€- her majefty's perfon, and the whole realm* w^*^*
f he thought it fit, her majefty might re- cK!Srw «r
c ceive from them their humble thanks \ wiw*mt,
€ which motion was well liked, but at that weji,*at,
c time it proceeded no further V c becaufe cwmweii,
c not decent in itfelf, or becaufe it. would eq*
c have laid upon her majefty an imputation
c which lhe was taking pains to avoid (:* it
certainly was a bold fpeecfe.— Tjbefe Crom-
wells made little account of the blood of
iovereigns.
Richard Cromwell, efq. who was flheriffof Richard
CroniwclU
Huntingdon&ire and Cambridgeshire fooft efq.
after the above mr. Thora*s CroraweUJ*
. Francis Cromwell, tfo. who was one of Fn** „
* CroAwclI,
the knights for the county of Huntingdon «*•
in the fifteenth year of the reign of the
, * Same author. f Carte s hi ftory of England. ,
J Mag, Brit.
fame
*6 MEMOIRS OF THE
part i. fame fovereign*; and fheriff for the coun-
^^~^' ties of Huntingdon and Cambridge in the
fEe^of twenty-ninth alfo of that queen, at which
wSiuImiJ1 time he refided at Hinchinbrooke-houfe, and
weu,£tT" bore the fame arms as fir Richard, his fup-
pofed father.
SECTION III.
Sir Henry Si r Henry Williams, alias Cromwell, lent.
knt. gr.nd- .eldeft Ton and heir of fir Richard ; this gen-
%Proteaor tlemah was highly efteemed by queen Eliza-
Oliver
CromwciL beth, who knighted him in 1563, being the
fixth year of her reign j- j and did him the ho-
nor of fleeping at his feat of Hinchinbrooke,
auguft 18, upon her return from vifiting the
univerfity of Cambridge J.
He was in the^houfe of commons in 1563,
as one of the knights for the county of Hunt-
* Willis's not. parlem. It is probable that fir- Richard
Cromwell purchafed a conGdeiable eftate in Cornwall,
t Sylvanus Morgan's fphere of gentry.
I feck's defiderata curiofa.
ingdon s
CROMWELL FAMILY. 97
ingdon*i he was four times, in queen Eli- JectW
zabeth's reign, fheriff of the* counties of y^~*'
& 7 Sir Hdnry •
Huntingdon and Cambridge, in the feventh/ £™mwell5
thirteenth, twenty-fecond, and thirty-fourth qh^ to«i
years f- " : • Prow*or«
Sir Hfenry was called from his liberality,
the golden knight, the report at Ramfey is,
that whenever he came from Hinchijibrooke
to Ramfey, he threw confiderable fums of
money to the poor townfmen J. .
The feat at Ramfey (part'of the old abbey)
was repaired by him, as is evident from the
initials of his name in iron being ftill upon
the doors of that houfe.
Sir Henry Williams, alias Cromwell, lived
to a good old age, he was buried at All Saints
* Journals of the houfe of commons.
f Fuller's worthies.
J Communicated by the Rev. Wcfton, of Ramfey;
a gentleman to whom I am under very great obligations.
church.
** MEMOIRS OF THE
5&ct,Tiu. church*, in Huntingdon, January 7, 1603}
sm^ nc nas tn'» excellent chara&er given him,
Spai^ ' he was a worthy gentleman, both in court
XfeU 'and country; and univerfally efteemedti'
prowftw. and which he certainly deferved.
Lady Joan,
H«ry & Sir Henry's lady was Joan> daughter and
£t.mSd- foie hcirefs of fir Ralph Warren, knightj,
mother to
Oliver, lord
pioteaor. % * It mnft be obferved, that there is not the lead monu-
mental infeription of the Cromwell s in Huntingdon. The
reafons may be these:— This town was once very large,
but was depopulated by the plague. So late as the reign of
fcag Charles I. there were four churchy in it, but in the
devaftations, owing to the war in the latter part of that
monarch's life, this town was feverely handled.— St. John's
church was entirely destroyed, and another church has only
the tower remaining ; all the monuments and brafs plates,
before that time, in the other two, were deftroyed ; fo that
no information refpe&ing the Cromwell family is to be col-
lected from monumental inferiptionft in Huntingdon. The
outrages Huntingdon felt during the civil war her to wniinen
ay to the account of Cromwell, but they fuffered much
more from the royal arms than they did from thofe of the
parlement, as both Whitlock, in his memorial, and the au-
thor of a cavalier relate.
f Banks and other lives of Oliver, protector.
$ Pe#$rcc and feveral lives of Oliver, lord protedor.
who
CROMWELL FAMILY. s0
who was alderman of London in ica8, and ■*****•
* 30»v.T« ill*
lord mayor in thenars 1536, and 1543; he ^*+*m*
was by trade a mercer; in the firft year of his wifetffir'
Henry
mayoralty he received knighthood from king Cwwwii,.
Henry VIII. he died July 16, 15512, 7 Ed- gjj^j^
ward VI. and was buried ins St. Swyth's church Procea°r*
in London, where a monument was ere&ed to
his memory*. Lady Cromwell's mother was
Joan, daughter and coheirefs of John Trelake,
alias Davy, of Cornwall f. She herfelif died a
little before her hufband fir Henry Cromwell,,
and was buried in the fame parifh as he was,
december 12, 1584.
There was a numerous progeny from thi*
marriage, fir Oliver Cromwell had the bulk
of fir Henry's fortune * to each of his other
fons he left cftates, then worth about three
hundred pounds 'annually % .
* Stow'a fyrvey of London, Grafton's chronicle* &c.
+ Pedigree.
% Life of Oliver Cromwell, o&avo, London, 1755, £xth
edition, fays, mr. Robert Cromwell, fir Henry Cromwell's
fecond fon, had an eftate of about three hundred pounds
perann. fo we may prefume the other youn§er font of fir
Henry had cftates of about that value,
IfFue
so m &m*o-i R s of ;t» e
ItcT.Tin ^^ic °f fir Henry and lady Joan CromwelU
Yonnger t. Sir Oliver Cromwell, of whom fee in
children of /
fir Henry the next fe&ion.
Cromwell, - ■- .
int.
Cromwei" 2. Robert Crqm Well, father of Oliver, lord
prote&on vide" part II.' fe&ion 1/
Robert * , • .' m , ,
CromwelJ,
efq. the ...
fewodfon. ^ Henry Cromwell, efq. he' received his
CroSeii, education at St, John's college, Oxford, of
third fon, which he becarne. a fellow; he took his batche-
uncle to i .
Oliver, lord lor of arts degree in that univerfity, february
proteAor.
14, I588*.
His father gave him a grant (dated july 8,
1584) of the manor of Upwood, in the
county of Huntingdon, with feveral other
lands, for five hundred years, which were
afterwards releafed by mr., Henry Cromwell,
fon and heir of his eldeft brother fir Oliver,
in consideration of fome fums of money he'
had lent that "gentleman, his nephew f.
He refided at Upwood, where he was uni-
versally efteemed, and gained" much ho-
•'•Wood's Fafti. *
f Writings in the pofleffion of fir Richard Bickcrtoni bart.
noiir
CROMWELL 'FAMILY. 31
nour.by his upHght conduft as a juftice of J^^il
peace** - * ^s~w'
r Youuger
' • ,.t children of
fir Henry
By his will he left Upwood and its dejpta- c^£jj^
dcncies to the above mr. Henry Cromwell, his f?6™*
nephew, he paying certain fums of moiiey to **•
his heirs f; and defired, in his will^ to be buried
in the chancel -of Upwood church J ; where he.
was accordingly interred o&ober. 29, 1630:
but no memorial whatever of him, or his family,
are tb be. found in any part of that church.
* Wood's Full,. &c.
f Upwood was purchafed by fir Peter Phefarit, judge of
tht Upper Bench, during the ufurpatiori. After palling
through various hands it is now the property of commodore
fir Richard Bicker ton,, bait, who has much improved the
feat, and his family now refide there : It would be unpar-
donable in me not to exprefs the great obligations I lie
under to fir Richard and lady Bickerton, for their politeneii
to me, and permitting me to examine the tide. deeds of the
Upwood eftate. 7
t Probate copy of mr. Henry Cromwell of UpwoodV
will, in pofleffion of fir Richard Bickerton. By this will &
appears, that this gentleman kfc to the poor of Upwood
twenty pounds ; to Great Ravely and Ramfey, five pounds
each; to Carboys, three pounds; Berry, twenty millings ;
All Hallows, in Huntingdon, four pounds ; Boughtoh, forty
Drillings ; and to Raby, twenty millings.
This
tor,
3« MEMOIRS <JF TriE
sect. Til ^is mr. Henry Cromwell married Mar-
^^^ garet, a daughter of fir Thomas Wyan> knt*.
Younger
cBiidrro of 0f South- Wotton, in the county of Nor*
Cr«°ndr?her ^°^t > by whom he had two fons and two
teT'rafiM. daughters, viz* 1. Richard, who died before
his father, and was buried at Upwood, June 7,
1626; two of whofe children were, Henry,
baptized July 28, 1625, and was buried at
Upwood, december 16, 1625; and Anna,
baptized auguft 28, 1682$ fhe furvived her
father and grandfather, the latter of whom
left her by his will one thoufand pounds.
2. Henry, who was baptized June 4, 161 5,
• and died before his father* 3. Elizabeth,
* Pedigree.
f Mils Cromwell communicated this to me by letter. It
appears by the pedigree that fir Thomas was not knighted
when hif daughter was married to mr. Cromwell.— Mifi
Cromwell in her letter, by miftake, calls him Thomas
Wynde. Dr. Gibbons falfely gives this gentleman's daugh-
ter to mr. Henry Cromwell, Ton and heir of fir Oliver
Cromwell.— At Upwood was a chimney -piece with a Jhicld
of arms, of mr. Henry and mrs. Margaret Cromwell, and
what is lingular, there were two naked figures, reprefenting
a man and a woman, crowned with laurel, with tf ♦ C. and
M. C. under thexn ; fir Richard Bickcrtoa has removed the
whole.
bap-
CROMWELL FAMILY, 33
baptized december 12, 16 16; (he was the parti
r SECT. Ill
fecond wife of fir Oliver St. John, lord chief
Younger
juftice of the common pleas*; and, 4. Anna, children of
baptized march 11,, 1617 : to thefe two ^ron°JJre"'
daughters mr. Henry Cromwell bequeathed* J^rJli^;c-
by his will, two thoufand pounds each, and wr"
to whom the probate, was given, but they
being under age„ adminiftration was given
to their relation, mr. Valentine Wauton,
during their minorities. Anna was, in 1638,
at fir William Mafham's, of Oates, in Effex,
and to whom Oliver, afterwards protestor,
defires his love. She afterwards married John
Neale, of Dean, in the county of Bedford,
efq. who diftinguifhed himfelf in the parle-
ment caufe againft king Charles I. from whom
are defcended the family of Neale, at Allefley, S
in Warwicklhire f .
4. Richard Cromwell, gentleman, fourth fori
of fir Henry Cromwell s he was a member for
* Vide the life of fir Oliver St. John, no. 2, amongft
the perfons and families allied to the prote&orate~houfe of
Cromwell. Vol. II.
t Vide family of Neale, no. 3, in the hiftoriei of perfons
and families allied to, or defcended from the Cromwellrhy
females. Vol. II. *
Vol,!. D the
& MEMOIRS OF THE *
parti, the borough of Huntingdon in the thirty-
SECt* HI.
ninth, and far Loftwithid in the county of
Richfiei
Cromweii, Cornwall, In the forty-third year of queen Eli-
gene* fourth ^
• fe*, mitt zabeth's reign *$ is fuppofed to have died a
»»Olfcer, °^ srr
ior* protcc. bate he lor ; he was buried at Upwood, o&ober
lor*
29, 1628 ; the cftate that it is thought he re-
sided upon near Upwood, is now the property
of the Hangers f.
■ « ■ ' -^
*. Sir Philip Cromwell, knight, fifth fon
Sir Philip J * x " . • •
cromweii, Qf fir Henry Cromwell, likewife received his
knt. uncle t %'
Ior?l,w?cc ^K^on at St.. John's college, in Oxford,
tor' and was admitted -to his batchelor of laws
degree, July 7, 1599 k
He fettled at Bigderi houfe, about a mile
ffomRamfey, the.eftate, as I am informed,
fets now for upwards of 2000I. per annum \\.
*i • ■ *
Sir Philip was with his brother, fir Oliver,
when his majefty king James I. was there,
at which time he received the honor ofknig;ht-
. * Wiilia'not. park
. + Cotnmunicated^bj the rev. Wefto*,
J Wood's Faftr.
|| Communicated by the rev. pxu Weftpn* .
r* hood-
1
CROMWELL FAMILY. &
hood*. He was buried at Ramfey, January part u
28, 1629. Sv!2^1U
Younger
. children, of.
He married Mary, a daughter of fir Reary crS, '
Townfend, knight ft (he was' alio buried af ^"f*
Ramfey, november 3, .1617. t JlSS^t
The iflue of this marriage was eight chilT
dren, viz. five fons.and three daughters, it
Henry, who is called eldeft fon and heir of
fir Philip Cromwell, in mr. Henry Cromw^L
of Upwood's will. 2. Phjlip, vriiq was born
december 25, and:bapti^ed at Ramfey, jami*
ary 7, .1608: he wfis a major in his coufin
Ingoldefby's regiment of foot, in -the park-
ment army, and was dangeroufly wounded,
fighting valiantly in that fervice, on feptember
11, 1645, in the ftorming of Briftol, of which
* Stow's chronicle, &c.
f Lady Mary Cromwell was fitter, I apprehend, to Hey-
wood Townfend, who was a member of parlemcut, and ^ «
made historical collections, being an exadfc account of the .
four laft parlements of queen Elisabeth, which is a complete
journal of botji houfes, taken, fmm Aeir original, record*.
This gcntlemanHicd without iffue before 1623.
$6 MEMOIRS OF THE
fart i. he died very foon after*. 7. Thomas, tap-
^-^v-w tized at Ramfey, January 4, i6o9f he was a
'cUMmof major in a regiment of horfe in king Charles
Cromwell, the firft's army + ; he married a daughter of fir
kot errand* • * •
fwh'er of Wolftan Dixie, knt. a loyal gentleman J : and
proteAor, was himfelf in the fervice of that monarch, fo
early as the year 1630, for he figned his name
after lord Valentia to the condemnation of lord
Montmorris, at Dublin caftle, december 12,
in that year|| : this gentleman refided at Da-
ventry, which is three miles from Ramfey,
and died there, as 1 have been informed §:
the eftate was afterwards the Wildbore's* by
purchafef . 4, Oliver, baptized at Ramfey,
may ao, 161 2*1 have fome reafon to fuppofe
he was a member of the long parlement*** it is
* Sprigged Angiia Rcdiva, or England's recovery; and
Wood's Fafti.
t Ibid.
% Kimber and Johnfon's baronetage, &c.
I Collin's peerage.
$ The regifter of. Daventry is defective from the tkath of
ling Charles I. to the reftoration.
fl Communicated by the rev. mr. Wefton.
** Journals of the houfc of commons.
certain
CROMWELL FAMILY. 37
certain he had a commiffion in the parlement part t#
r . SECT. III.
army, and was a major in 1648 j he was dif- >-~v~w
patched in that year by colonel Hammond* children *t
fir Henry
with letters to the parlement, acquaintingthem, cromweii,
lent* criso**
that he was detained at Windfor, and that ****** *s .
Olirtr, lot!
colonel Ewers had the charge of the king's pewe***.
perfon in the ifle of Wight*; ,and he was fo
ferviceable to them, that the lords addreffed
the commons recommending him to their no-
tice, as ojie, by his attendance upon the king's
perfon and other fervices rendered them, was
entitled to fome reward; the commons ac-
cordingly referred it to the committee of the
revenue f; he went as colonel under the com-
mand of his firft coufin, Oliver, afterwards
lord protestor, into Ireland, in J649& where he
died in the fame year; his executrix petitioned
the houfe of commons, november %o9 1651,
upon fome occafion or other, which was re-
ferred to thfe committee of the army]. 5.
Robert, baptized at Ramfey, June 29, 161 &
this unhappy gentleman was, I prefume, for
* WhitlpcV* memorial. f Same,
I Wood'* Fafti.
fi Journals of the houfe of commons.
P 3 f>oifpning
3§ MEKfOlUS OF THE
*Aft*t. tjaifoning his mafter, a lawyer, tried, con-
•SECT, ni. r ° ' .
"xs^v-^^ Vi&ed, and executed*. 6. Ann, baptized
ihiidreoof march" 1 5', 1610. 7. Elizabeth, baptized de-
nY ffenry
Qromwdi, Member 2i5 16 14. 8. Mary, baptized ianuary
^tbeirof 28, 1615, all at Ramfey: what became 01
•OliwSf, lord
proteAor. *hefe daughters I know not.
Ralph 6. Ralph Cromwell, fixth fon of fir Henry
fwTfcn/ Cromwell, was baptized at All Saints Church,
Oliver, lord in Huntingdon, november 20, 1580, and was
buried in the fame parilh, december 22, 1581.
* I give this fact upon the authority only of Heath's Fla-
gellum, or life and death of Oliver Cromwell, a very fcur
Vilou8 writer; he does not mention the chriftian name of fir
Philip'* -fon, he fays it happened about thirty-fevea years
ago. This edition is 1672, bat the firft was in 1663 ; if he
means to date this from the former, Robert Cromwell would
be about twenty-two years of ^age; if from the other, he
would be only thirteen years old : probably Heath might
be miftaken in a year or two, as he fays about, .— I have been
informed, that fome of fir Philip Cromwell** defendants'
fettled in the county of Wilis* it is the oioie probable as mr.
TSdmondfon mentions a family there, who bore the fame arms
*nd creft-as'fir-Richawl Williams, alias Cromwell did, before
*{he augmentation of his creft.— There is a family of .Crom-
well at Bromfgrdve, who came from Devizes, in that county ;
the grandfather of them was a fchoolmafter, and their great
grandfather, a clergyman1. Their father hated his name,
becaufc of Oliver, the proteftor.
: * ' <'' . z 7. Joan
CROMWELL FAMILY. »
7. Joan Cromwell, eldeft daughter of fir »arth
* $KCT. Ill*
Henry Cromwell, became xhz wife o£ fir Francis ws~**
Barrington, barf. • SHU
. . Heo.Crom-
8. EKiabeth Cromwell, fecond daughter of gwdiof
fir Henry 'Cromwell, was married to William j0an>wifeof
Hampden, of Great-Hampden, efq. Bucks f. : *£„%£
eld. daught.
9. Frances Cromwell, third daughter of fir ?0^t$;
Henry Cromwell, became the fecond wife of eh*, wife of
' : JoWnHamp-
Richard Whalley, of Kerton, in the county of «*««»«<* *«*.
J ■ * ' d.atrouoOl.
Nottingham, 'efq. J. lordprotea.
Frances,
jo. Mary Cromwell, fourth daughter of fir wl.tily?4*
Henry Cromwell, was married to fir William, ^,',£0'!
Dunch, of Little- Witringham, inthe county of m, J™ lfc'
Berks, knight l. . '-t^X
, 4th d. aUnt
* Vide genealogy of th« Barringtons, Mathams, and Eve- to Oliver,
• lord protcA*
rards, no. 4, 5, and 6, among ft the perfoas and families.
allied to the propoxate honfe of Cromwell. Vol. 11.
f Vide genealogy or hiftory of the Haropdens, no. 7,
Knightleys, nn. 8, Pyes, no. g, Trevors, alias Hampdens,
no. 10, and Hammonds and Hobarts, no. 11, amongfi the*
pedb«4s and families allied to the protectorate houfe of
Cromwell. Vol. II.
J Vide hiftory of the Whalleys, no. rfr, amotigft the
families, &c. Vol. II.
|( Vide hiftory of the Dueehes, no. 13, iu the lift* &c»
V#I. II.
D 4 xx. Dorothy
4* MEMOIRS OF THE,
parti. u; Dorothy Cromwell, fifth and voungeft
SECT. III. , ' J &
v-^/-^ daughter of fir Henry Cromwell, was bap-
cromweii, tized at All Saints church, in Huntingdon,
fifth daugh- j. s r
tcr, aunt to december 3, 1682 : what became of her I
Oliver, lord .
protestor, find not; probably lhe died young, or never
married.
s e .cVjsV??Vja^ iv.
,:,!t% ~*
sir Oliver Sir OHve| Cromwell, eldeft fon and heir of
Cromwell,
knight of fir Henry Cromwell, received the honour of
the bath, :^
uncle to knighthood from queen Elizabeth, in the year,
pro^or. 1598*, and in the fortieth year of the feign
of that fovereign, he ferved the office of flie-
riff for the counties of Huntingdon and Cam-
bridge jv He had the felicity to entertain
two, if not three of the englifli monarchs ; his
gracious miftrefs queen Elizabeth, upon her
•. majefty's leaving the univerfity- of Cambridge,
to which (he had been to , pay a vifit % \
king James I. feveral times ||, and I think alfo
king
* Morgan's furvey of gentry. + Fuller's worthies.
\ Peck's defidcrata curiofa.
|| King James I. vifited fir Oliver Cromwell in 1603, and
in the years 1616 an(J 1617, for Stow in his chronicle fays,
ft that
1
a
II
ARMORIAL BDUSE
CROMWELL FAMILY. * 4t
kingCharles I*. But the moft memorable vifit (part i,
SECT. IV.
was that given to him by king James I. upon wn^**
his acceffion to the englifh throne ; fir Oliver cTomidf,
finding that his majefty in his journey from the\ih,
Edinburghto London wouldpafsthroughHunt- oim>r,krf
ingdon, determined to entertain him at Hinch-
inbrooke-Houfe, a feat of his, adjacent to
that towns and that he might do this with
more elegance and eafe, he haftily made fuch
improvements in his houfe as he judged moll:
proper, and at this time built that very elegant
great bow window to the dining room, in
which are two fhields of arms of his and his
father, painted in the glafs, with many quar-
terings, and round oi) the outfide is a prodi-
gious number of ihields, which, from the
plate here given, a proper idea may be formed
that lord Hay (then with his majefty) was fwom a privy
councellor at Hinchinbrooke-Houfe ; and Willis, in his
hiflory of the town and hundred of Buckingham fays, fir
Richard Ingold&y was knighted at the fame place in 1617 1
it is moft probable that thefc were not the only times king
James was there.
* I have great rcafon to fuppofe king Charles honored fir
Oliver with one, if not more vifits, in his going to, and in
his return from the north, particularly when that king went
lo Scotland.
4* MEMOIRS OF THE
parti, of; a more minute defcription of them and
SECT. iv. r.
w-^v*-^ Tome other armorial bearings of the WiT
Qw*»wciu liams, alias Cromwells, at Hinchinbrooke-
t^^h, Houfe, is to be found elfewhere*.
■rock to
.CKnrerr ford ,
His majcffcy did not difappoiiit our knight's
wifhes, but accepted his dutiful invitation;
he came to Hinchinbroqke-Houfe, april ay,
1603, the earl of Southampton carrying the
fword of ftate before him ; he here met with
a more magnificent reception than he had ever
done fince his leaving his paternal kingdom,
.both for the plenty and variety of meats and
wines > it is inconceivable with what pleafure
the englifli received the king, all ftrove to
pleaie, every one to fee the new fovereign,
who was to unite two jarring and valiant king-
doms, and to be the common monarch of both.
Sir Oliver gratified them to the full; his doors
were thrown wide open to receive all- that
chofe to pay their refpc&s to the new king, or
even to fee him, and each individual was wel-
comed with the choiceft viands, the molt
* Viie letter E in the proofs and illuflrations.
coftty
CROMWELL FAMILY. .43
coftly wines 5 even the populace had free aceefs part i.
SECT. IV»
to the cellars, during the whole of his ma- w-vU*/
jetty's ftay. • &£*£
knight .of
the batfef
Whilft the king was at Hirtchinbrooke- on^r/iord
Houfe, he received the heads of the iiniverfity pr°l *"
of Cambridge in their robes,. to congratulate
him upon his acceflion to the englifh diademy
which they did in a long latin oration.
His majefty remained with fir Oliver till
after he had breakfafted on the twenty-ninth
of aprilj at his leaving Hinchinbrooke he was
pleafed to exprefs the obligations he had re-
ceived from him and his lady; to the Former he
faid, at parting, as he patted through the courts
in his broad fcotch manner, c morry mon, thou
c haft treated me better than any one fince I
c left Edenburgh', and it is more than probable
than ever that prince was treated before or af-
ter, for it is' faid, fir Oliver at this time gave
c the greateft feaft that had been given to a
king by a fubje£t\ His loyalty and regard to
his prince feems almoft unbounded, for when
his majefty left Hinchinbrooke, he was pre-
fented
44 MEMOIRS OF THE
part i. fcnted by him with many things of great va-
>^-v-w luej amongft others, * a large elegant wrought
Cfom^ii, * ftanding cup of gold, goodly horfes, deep
theVth, c mouthed- hounds, divers hawks of excellent
oiiwr, lord c wing, and at the remove gave fifty pounds
€ amongft the royal officers*/
So many and great proofs of attachment,
and that in a manner peculiarly agreeable to
the tafte of the prince, gained his regard,
which he took an early opportunity of expref-
fing, by creating him, with fifty-nine others,
a knight of the bath, prior to his coronation j
this ceremony of creating him a knight of the
bath was performed on funday, July the twenty-
fourth following, upon which day he, with the
other gentlemen defigned for that honor, rode
in ftate from St, James's to the court, and fb
with their efquires and pages about the tilt-
yard, and from thence to St, James's park,
where alighting from their horfes, and going
in a body to the prefence gallery, they received
their knighthood from, his majeftyf,
* Stowe's chronicle, and various other writers who have
copied from him.
f Stowe's chronicle.
Sir
CROMWELL FAMILY. 4$
Sir Oliver was a very confpicuous member part f.
SECT TV
of the houfe of commons from the year 1604 w~J-w#
to i6io> and alfo in 1614, 1623, and 1624, c^wdi,
during which years he is oftener named upon {hc^th;
committees than any other member*. oiiVer!°iot4
protdta.
He is once or twice ftyled queen Ann's at-
torney in the journals of the houfe, but he did
not hold this place long, probably not many
months f; I think, he fucceeded fir Lawrence
Tanfield in that office in or about the year
1604.
His n&me occurs once in a committee in the
firfl parlement of king Charles I. in the year
161 $%> but what place he was returned for,
either then or in the reign of king James 1. 1
was never able to learn, but it is reafonable to
fuppofe for his own county of Huntingdon.
Sir Oliver was not an idle ipe&ator in the
dreadful civil war which the tyranny of king
Charles I. tod the ambition of the popular
leaders had involved this kingdom iffi but re*
* Jounultof the houfe of commons.
t Ibid. X Ibid.
membering
46 .MEMOIRS OF THE
part, i. mcmbering the many obligations ' he and his
SECT. IV- ° J °
v^-v-w anceftors lay under to the crown, he determined
cromweii, to fupport the royal caufe, for which purpofe
the bath°f he not only (at a very heavy expence) raifed
on?er, lord men and gave large fums of money, but ob-»
hged his ions to take up arms and go into the
regal army; and he was of greater ufe to his
majefty than any perfon in that part of the
kingdom, by which he rendered himfelf parti-
cularly obnoxious to the parlement : the cele-
brate^ Oliver Cromwell, his nephew and god-
child, who, to hide his ambition, feemed to pay
no diftin&ion to any, on private accounts, paid
his uncle fir Oliver a vifit, 1 apprehend when at
Hinchinbrooke, accompanied with a ftrong
party of horfe, where he endeavoured to unite
the charafter of the dutiful nephew and god-
child with that of the ftern commander; for
though, during the few hours he ftaid with
him, he would not keep on his hat in his pre-
sence, and afked his bleffing, yet did not leave
the houfe till he had both difarmed tfce old
gentleman, and feized all hi* pktg fpr the pub-
lic fervice*.
* Sir Philip Warwick's memoirs, &c.
The
CROMWELL FAMILY. 47
The great expences this attachment to ah ?arti
& r SECT. IV.
unfortunate party put him to, obliged him to s-*-v^
Sir Oliver
difpofe of his grand feat of Hinchinbrooke to cramitft
fir Sidney Montague, the youngeft of fix fons the b«h»
of Edward lord Montague, of Boughton** oiiw«r, ***
What year this was in, I am not certain, but it
muft be prior to the king's being feized by
cornet Joyce, as his majefty then called there
with the. parlement commifiioners in his way
to Holmbyf, which was in 1646. After this
he went to refide at Ramfey, where he conti-
nued till his death, and feems to have ex-
pended fome money in repairs before, as well as
after his going there.
Some time after he was here, his nephew,
Cromwell, paid him another vifit; for as fir
* Sir Sidney Montague, knight, was matter of the rc-
quefts to king Charles I. and father of Edward Montague,
an able admiral, general, and ftatefman, who for his fervices
in cffe&ing the restoration, was created earl of Sandwich, and
kaight of the garter ; he was blown up in the Royal James,
may 28, 167 2, fighting gallantly againft the Dutch : he was
anceftor to the prefent earl, to whom Hinchinbrooke gives,
the title of vifcount.
f King Charles I. was very magnificently and dutifully
entertained at Hinchinbrooke by lady Montague, which
greatly difpleafed the brutal Joyce.
Oliver
48 MEMOIRS OF frt£.
*ART r. Oliver ftill continued to fupport the drooping
v-^v^^ party he had efpoufed, the lieutenant-general
Cromwell, infilled upon his fending a fum of money as a
the bath, fine, of he would burn down the town, the
node to i% f
ottoMora greateft part of which Was fir Oliver's; our
preteaor. ^
knight fent for anfwer, that he could not raife
that fum* and defired his nephew to give him
a conference in the town; accordingly thr
nephew came, they met upon the high bridge;
a (tompofition was agreed upon, which was,
that fir Oliver (Hould give him forty faddle
horfes to mount his cavalry upon; it is faid,
that whilft the two Olivers were fitting upon
the bridge, an old woman, who thought the
younger a faint of no fmall magnitude, brought
him a ctifhion to fit upon, but he refufed it,
faying, th*t he lhould be unworthy the name
of foldief, was he to indulge himfelf fo far as
to ufe it*.
_ Nothing was able to fhake fir Oliver's loyal-
ty; he fuppoited the royal party to the laft, for
which, like many others, he was fentenced ty
* Communicated to me by the lxte rev. mr. Wcfton, df
Ramfey.
4 have
CROMWELL FAMILY. 40
have all his eftates, both real and perfbnal, ft- p**t J-
SECT. IV*
queftered, but they werfe faved through the in- >^^-^>
/ n /•!• i SirOlitcr
terpofitioni and for the fake of his nephew* cromweiL'
r r knight of
Oliver, then lieutenant-general; and the par- thcBuh,
^ uncle to
lement, april 17, 1648, took off the fequeftra- Oliver, ior<f
tion, in which he is flyled fir Oliver Cromwill,
of Ramfey-Moore, in the county of Hunting-
don, knight of the bath*.-
During the whole of the ufurpation, as well
by the commonwealth as under the govern-
ment of his relation, Oliver, he followed the
example of the grandee loyalifts, in courting
privacy and retirement $ and it is pretty Angu-
lar, that the colours which he and his fons took
from the parlement forces, continued difplayed
in Ramfey church during the whole of the
grand rebellion, and remained there till within
thefe fifty yeafsf. This fortitude in not court- .
mg the fav&* of the ptote&or is the ttxot e ob*
fervable and praife-worthy, as from the re-
peated loffes he had fuftained from his loyalty,
his numerous family, and want of oeconomy
* Journals of the houfe of commons.
t Communicated by the late rev. mr. Wcfton.
E to
5o MEMOIRS OF THE
part l in both himfelf and his fons, the evening of
yrv^w his life, was rendered very difagreeable upon
Sir Oliver. * i i • „ ,
cromwcii, pecuniary accounts, he dying oppreffed with
the Bath, a load of debts.
uncle to
Olfler, lord . • "
prote&or. "
:His death happened, auguft 28, 1655, in the
ninety-third .year of his age; he was buried the
fame night (it is reported, to prevent his
body's being feized by his creditors) in the
church of Ramfey ; but there is 110 memorial
of him or his family, nor does there feem ever
to have been any in that church ; but upon
founding I cjifcovcred, that there is a vault
juft entering into the chancel, where the
Cromwell? are laid to have been buried.
Fuller gives this character offir Oliver, as one
of the worthies of Huntingdon, and fays, that
he is rea&rkable topofterity on a four-fold ac-
couqu \ firft, for his befpitality and prodigious
< entertainment of king James and his court:
* (ecowUy, for his upright .dealings in bargain
' and fale with all chapmen, lb that no man,
€ whofoever purchafed land of him, was put
* to charge of threepence to make good his
CROMWELL FAMILY. Siv
f titk\ yet he fold excellent pennyworths, in- p art^
SECT, IV*
'fomuch, that fir John Leaman (once lord- w-v-w"
* mayor of London) who bought the fair ma- c««^
( nor of Warboife, in this county, of him, the Bath,
c affirmed, that it was the cbeapeft land that oiiw, lord
protestor* .
€ ever be bought, and yet the deareft thfit ever
cfir Oliver Cromwell fold: thirdly, for his
' loyalty, always beholding the ufurpation and
c tyranny of his nephew, godfon, and NAME-
c SAKE, with hatred and contempt : laftly,
' for his vivacity, who. furvived to be the oldeft
c knight who was a gentleman -, feeing fir George
c Dalfton, younger in years (yet ftill alive)
c was knjgbted fame days before him*..' .
Sir Oliver married twice* firft, Elizabeth, wives of
daughter of fir Henry Bromley, lord chan- Cromweii,
cellor of England f, upon whom was fettled, the Bath,
• uncle to
Ranjiey and Warboife, Hinchinbrooke, Hig- Oliver, tor*
prote&or*
ney,
* Fuller's worthies, in which, by miftake, he places
fir Oliver s death in 1654.
f Sir Thomas Bromley died chancellor of England 99th
Elizabeth ; he married Elizabeth daughter of fir Adrian
Forcefcue, knight of the Bath, by whom he had four
daughters; j.. married to Charles Corbet, of .Stoke, in
the county of Salop, efq. 2. to John Littleton, of Frank-
E SP m ley,
5* MEM 6 IRS OF THE ,
parti. -ney> Broughton, alias Broueton, and Little
SECT. IV. J1 & '
-*»~<?~ Ravdeys after her death he married, in July,
fir oiiw 1601, Ata*, widow of feignior Horatio Pala-
CromweJI, . . . , r
knight of vitini, a noble Genoeie*, at Baberharn, in the
the B«th, . .
:«ci* to cbunty-of Cambridge^ the place of her late
protestor, hufband's refidence-, upon thi6 lady he fettled
the manors of 'Ramfey, Heigmongrove, Bury,
-Upwood* and Wiftow-Meers, except the rec-
tories in each of them, and the pariflies called
♦the old and new parishes, and the lands lying
in thofe parifli^s, viz. Ramfey, and the Chafe,
?and ground called Wychwoodf j this lady died
( at
Icy, in tKc county of Worcefter, efq. anceftor of the
two late lord Littletons, and the prefent lord Weftcote ;
'« - - rfcis affinity to the Cromwell family is the reafon affigned
* for a copy of the protector's portrait, byjarvis, being
^- bung in the gallery at lord Weftcote's elegant feat at
Hagley: 3, to John Greville, of Milcott, in Warwick-
shire^ *nd~the fourth to tbis fir Oliver Cromwell.— Vide
fom« account of the Bromley family, no. 14, vol. II. in
the hiftaries of feveral perfons and families allied by fe-
males to* or defcended from the Gromwclls.
* Vide no. 15, vol. II. in the hiftories of feveral perfons
and families allied to, or defcended from the Grom wells by
females, where fome account of fir Horatio Palavicini
and his family is given.
f There is a deed of fettlement in the pofTeffion of fi*
Kichard -Bickerton, dated may 2 0^1607, made between
41 •■ -'■; ft*
CROMWELL FAMILY. a$
at Hinchinbrooke-Hdufe, and was buried at pARi t
sect, iy:
St. John's church, in Huntingdon, april 26, >-^r^/
Wives of .
1626% fir Olive*
Cromwell, '
knight of
By lady Ann, fir Oliver had no child, but oncie to,* [
Oliter, loiit
by the firft, feveral. ?***&». ;
Children of fir Oliver and lady Elizabeth Yoonger
" * children of
Cromwell. > fir oiivcr
Cromwell,
i. Henry Cromwell, of whom in the next ^bLh!
f r* • • uncle to
leCtlOn, Oliver, lord
prote&or.
2. John Cromwell, baptized in St. John's
church, in Huntingdon, may 24, 1589; thi^
gendeman was early in the armyj in 1624 he
went over as a captain in the firft regimes of
•
fir Oliver Williams, alias Cromwell, of Hyncb, in the
county of Huntingdon, of the frrft part ; the Tight ho-
nourable earl of Suffolk, lord chamberlain of his majefty's
mod honourable houfhold, and. of the mod noble order
of the garter, knight, and fir Henry Maynard, knight*
of the fecond* part ; and Henry Williams, aKas Crom-
well, fon and heir apparent of tl\e faid fir Oliver and
Batiuo his wife* of tfyc third part; which fettles the
above lands upon her ; and as it is made fo long after
marriage, was occafioned, we may fuppofe, by fir Oliver s
difpofing of fome eftates formerly fettled upon her.
E 7 foot,
t -
54 MEMOIRS OF THE
fart i. foot, in the forces fent over by king James 1,
SECT. IV. &
n-^v-^^ for the recovery of the Palatinate*: after this
chilTren'of hewas a colonel of anenglifh regiment inthefer-
Cromwcii, vice of the United States: happening to be iq
the Bath, England whilft his fovereign king Charles I . was
uncle to
oiiTcr, iora a pnfoner to the parlement army, and hearing
his relation Oliver (afterwards lord protestor)
fay, ' I think the king the moft injured prince in
* the world/ and putting his hand to his fword,
continued, c but this (hall right him/ fup-
pofed that his zeal was real, and therefore ex-,
preffed himfelf fatisfied that it was impofliblc
for him to go thofe lengths which many other*
wifhed to go.
Foi; thefe reafons, when that unfortunate
mifguided monarch was (after a pretended
trial) condemned to dies and the prince of
Wales and the prince of Orange, taking vaft
pains to fave him, or at leaft to ftay the execu-
tion, fent over fuch relations of th$ leading
men in the army, as they thought could in-
fluence them, applied to this gentleman,
Ru&worth's colledlion*.
he
CROMWELL FAMILY. 55
he very readily undertook the tafk with the uart i
SECT IV
greateft expe&ation of fuccceding in fo de- x^J^S
firable a bufinefs; wherefore taking credential STdSTof
letters from the States, with letters with the c^wdi,;
king's and prince of Wales's fignet, and both tbt %ltl9
confirmed by the States, offering Oliver his Oliver, L4
own terms, in cafe he would prevent the fatal pr e "'
fentence from being carried into execution, he
haftened to England,
He found his coufin Oliver, the Jieuteriant-
general, at home: it was with difficulty he
gained admittance, as he kept 'his chamber,
and ordered himfelf to be denied.
Upon his introdu&ion to Oliver, after the
ufual complements between relations, he began
to mention the horrid crime intended to be
committed, and after a very free harangue upon
its atrocity, the indelible ftain it would be to
the nation, and in what a light it was beheld
upon the continent, added, € that of all men
* living, he thought he would never have had
1 any hand in it, who in his hearing had pro-
* tefted fo much to the king-,' Oliver replied,
E4 'it
0 MEMOIRS OF THE
p a a t .1. ( it was not him, but the army ; a,nd though he
• \^C-^> c 4id once fay fame fugh words,, yet now times
^wrfn'of € were aUe*ed> and providence fepmed to order
cromweu, < ^ings otherwife^ adding, .c that he had
ttetohf- f prayed andfafted for the king, but no jrettjrn
-OHver,1^ ■ that vf^y was yet made tq him.-
protcftor.
Upon which the colonel ftepped a* little
back, and haftily fhijt the door, which m^de
Oliver fuppofe he was going to be aflaflinated $
but the other taking, out his papers* fatd to
him, c cotifin^ this is no time to : trifle with
* words-, fee here, it is now in your own TMWP"
c not only to make yourfelf, but yQW fff$&>
5 relations, and pqfterity, happy and honorable
? for ever ; otherwife, as they haye changed
? theif name before from ^illiams to Crom-
5 well, fo now they muft be forced to change
f it again, for this faft will bring fuch an igr
f nominy upbp the whole generation of them,
f that . no time will be able to deface/-— -After
a paLufej, Oliver f^id, c.couftty I defireyou will
f give me till night to confider of it, and do
? you go to your owp ;an, and not to bed, till
* you hear from me/
The
CROMWtLjL FAMILY.
*7
The colonel retired, and at one o'clock in part i.
7 SECT. IV.
the morning he received a meflage, that c he - — v-w'
n i {* Younger
' might go to reft, and expect no other anfwer children of
fir Oliver
1 to carry to the prince j for the council of offi- Cromwcii,
7 r . knight ©£
* cers had been feeking God, as he had alfo &* Bath,
° uncle to
' done, and it was refolved by them all that ^l0l^ork>t4
* the king muft die* '
With this unhappy meflage he returned into
Holland again, where he continued in that fer-
vice for many years, perhaps during the re-
mainder of his lifef. It is obfervable, tha£
though he fpoke with fuch freedom to his re-
lation, Oliver, and looked upon his conduft as
in the higheft degree criminal, yet he did nof
negledt to apply to him in 1650, to expedite
* Flagellum, and other lives of Oliver, lord protester.
t By a letter, dated november if, 1653, ^rom Jon*"
geltall to William earl of Naffau, it appears that colonel
John Cromwell was then in Holland *, and by one from
William Row to the lord general Cromwell, dated de-
member 28, 1650, I, find that fir Henry Vane, who alfp
had a regiment, was in hopes that if colonel Cromwell '
died he mould fucceed him, not only in his regiment,
but in an higher command. Thurloes flate papers, and
thofe in the poffeffion of Milton, publifhed by Nickolls.
the
5$ MEMOIRS OF THE
part j. the long depending; caufe between himfelf and
SECT. IV. a .
*^-vw Abigail his abandoned wife*, through whofe
cwSSToi ill behaviour he was, from the mofl: affluent
Cromwell, drcumftances, reduced to the brink of ruin|.
•feV.th, The iffue of this marriage was a daughter,
outer, iora named Joan, baptized feptember s&, 1634, at
Upwood, and perhaps other children $.
4. William Cromwell, fourth foa of fir Oli-
ver Cromwell, was iikewife bred to the (word ;
* This cairfe between colonel Cromwell and hi* wife
was depending at leaft from 1646 ; for o&ober jo, in that
year, the houfe of commons ordered, that the eaufe be-
tween colonel John Cromwell and Abigail his wife, ani
John Smith, efq. and John Aucock, gent, and1 the peti-
tion of the faid John Smith and John Aocock, which
was then reported, and the whole bufmefs depending, be
deferred to the hearing and determination of the court
of chancery. Journals of the honfe of commons.
t Vide letter from colonel John Cromwell to the lord
general, given in the proofs and illuftrations, letter £•
J Probably mrs. Abigail Cromwell was upon a vifit to
her holband's uncle, mr. Henry Cromwell, of Upwood,
when (he was brought to bed of this child; as he was a
good man, and fond of all his relations. It is the more
likely as in taking up the floor of one of the rooms in
Upwood-Houfe, a fmall book was found with I. C. in
goM letters, upon the outflde; which no doubt belonged
to this lady's hufband.
he
CROMWELL FAMILY. 59
he was, as early as the year 1627, in the army, part 1,
SECT* 1V«
for he and his brother JoKn are both-called cap- w^v-w
tains in his uncle, Henry Cromwell, of Up-* children of
, fir Oliver
wood's will 5 he was a loyal gentlerpan, and Cromwdi,
knight of
adhered to his royal matter in the civil wars; theB»&,
uncle to
and when that unhappy monarch was put to oliv^!^
death, and the government, lodged in a com-
monwealth, he was fo far from entirely giving '
up his principles, that he carried on a corre-
fpondence with lord Crayen, who dared to be
the friend of majefty in the worft of times *$
and though one of his letters wasintercepted f,
yet his coufin Oliver, the general (afterwards
prote&or) paffed over the offence, and pro-
cured him to be employed in an expedition to
Denmark, which was of fo fecret a nature, that
he himfelf fays, it was not for pen to difcover*
It was attended with very unhappy conse-
quences j and was near being fatal to him; for
* Lord Craven was a voluntary exile, for the caufe of
bis fovereign king Charles II. and had the honour to be
the patron of the unfortunate queen of Bohemia (king.
Jamcb the firft's daughter) and her family.
+ The letter from mr. William Cromwell to lord
Craven is dated from London, June 24, 1653.
as
6» MEMOIRS OF THE
fart j. as he was proceeding to Hamburgh, that he
^-v-w might feud a dtfpatch u> England, he was caifc
TTo»«ger *
«uiidiv» ©f away under Norway, and as he endeavoured to
fcr Ohm
cromweii, efcape by leaping into, a boat, he broke his
loifcht of x * x **
%kc Balb> aflT1 anci bruifcd his head fo muth, that it
*»cfc to *
^S*01* ^r€W &*** *nta a dangerous fever; and having
loft both his money and clo^ths, and his fer-
vant drowned, he was left in 9. very diftrefled
condition, which was rendered ftiM worfe by
his being unable to procure afliftance* as he
d^irrft not difcover his real name, he then pair-
ing by the fi&itious one of moafieur Jacques
lit this dilemma he addrefled himfelf to Brad-
{haw, the parlement's ambaffador, in a letter
dated from Copenhagen, feptembcr 9> 1653,
requesting him to provide him all things necef-
fary, it being impoffible to leave that place, as
fee was in *debt, not only to his landlord, but to
his phyfician and furgeon, and defired that he
might have a further fupply of money, to an-*
fwer the future occafions of his fecret embafiy,
and have an attendant allowed him in room
of the fervant that was drowned; he tells
Bradfhaw,
CROMWELL FAMILY, *t
Bradfhaw, that his continuing there longer **5T„f
& & SECT, IV.
was dangerous, as he was fearful of a difcovery, ^^^^
Younger
from thtmany britifh gentlemen of all parties, chUdre* «f
and prontifed, that when he was properly en- Cwm*d^,
abled by a fupply, and his health would permit, *£££*
he would ptirfue his journey to Hamburgh : for 0il^ari<H4
what purpofe this fecret expedition was taken^
is difficult, if not impoflible to difcover *«
It was fo little known that he favored the
proteftor, Oliver, that foon after he affumed
the prote&orate, it was wondered by m*ny,
that he was not included in the proclamation,
published in november, 1655, commanding
all perfons who had been in arms for king
Charles II. to depart from London, and the
lines of communication.
Me endeavoured to carry himfelf fo as to
gain both the favor of the protestor and the
cavaliers j but the former foon difcovered his
real fentiments, and neither believed nor
* Letter from mr. William Cromwell to mr. Richard
Bradfhaw, reficfent at Hamburgh, for the parlcment; given
ia Thurloe's Gate papers,
trufted
C* .MEMOIRS OF THE
* a r t t. trufted him j to the royalifts he declared, that he
SECT IV.
>-^^w/ would leave his debts, which amounted to /two
^wrcn'of or t^ircc thoufand pounds in London, to the
eromwcTt, prote&or's fcore ; and to effe&ually Ihew them
t£5Blrh, .the reality of his zeal for his majefty's fervice,
Siv^riord he engaged in a defign then carrying on to
aflaffinate his relation and fovereign* and was
to have been a principal in that bafe attempt*;
—an attempt contrary to every fentiment of
kbnor and gratitude. 4
From the lenity of the protector (who was
certainly a kind friend to all his relations) he
'cfcapsd with his life, and even fromprofecu-
tion; however, as hie was then much in debt,
his fortunes were now; ruined, and he faw him-
felf a wretched dependent* . ;*
It is Angular, that after this gentleman
.ihould have engaged in a plot to aflaffinate the
proteftor, Fleetwood, Oliver's Ion -in -law,
(hould write in his behalf to Henry Cromwell,
the lord-deputy of Ireland: c I have had,' fays
he, c a defire to improve & little moneys for
* Thurloo ftatc papers,
cpoorc
CROMWELL FAMILY. 6*
r poorc Cromwell, and which, I underftand, parti.
SECT* IV.
f by fir Jerome Zankey, you have been pleafed ^j^S^S
4 to have a favorable regard unto fuch an in- dwHTof
c tendon V It might not fcem to Fleetwood cro«^Si.
fo heinous a crime to affaffinate one who had tfe bJ*,
taken the fovereign power from the common- ow, i<«i
wealth, though the perfon was his father-in-
law, but that he (hould think fo favorably of
one who was fecretly a royalift, and endea-
voured to deftroy the protector, to place in his
ftead the exiled king, is ftracge j but it is ftill
more fo, that Henry, who bore a great tender-
nefs for his parent, ihould wilh to do a kind-
nefc for the pcMbn who was fufpe&ed of a de-
fign to haye deftroyed him. There is no ac-
counting for this, but by fuppofing, that he
pofleffecTboth-Fleetwood and Henry with an
opinion, that he was intirely innocent j per-
haps he likewife perfuaded the proteftor, Oli-
Ter, of his innocency, for, in January, 1657-8,
he granted a pafs to John Smith, efq, and mr.
John Browne, procured by one John Symonds ; -
* Letter from Fleetwood to Henry Cromwell, lord de-»
puty, dated June 18, 1658; given in Thurloc's date
papen.
it
«4 Memoirs op the
pa rt i it is obfervable, that thefe gentlemen were fuf-
SECT. IV. .
v *~w pefted cavaliers, who intended to .leave the
cihWrS'of. kingdom, and go to Holland, but their paft
Oomweu, not being allowed, they, with Henry- Wilfon
the Bit£ Howard, efq. were taken up, but, I believe,
Oliver, °iord foon after releafedj however that be, had not
hefomewhat regained the prote&or's favor, he
durft not have dared to have given a pafs to
any one.
He flirvived the reftoration, and then pro*
bably pleaded to his majefty the merits of this
bafenefs, for he feems, after that event, to hava
retained a commiffion in the army.
His death was fingular, and attended with
fatal confequences to Ramfey ; he di$d of the
plague, at nine o'clock in the morning of fe-
bruary 22> 1665, at that place, and was buried
at nine o'clock the next evening, in the church
there : he caught the infeftion by wearing a
coat, the cloth of which came from London*;
* Mr. Henry Cromwell, of Up wood, left captain Wil-
liam Cromwell, and his brothers, colonel John, with Henry,
eldeft fonand heir of fir Philip Cromwell, 1O00I. to be di-
vided amongft them, in cafe of the death of his grand-
daughter Anna, before (he came of age.
the
CROMWELL FAMILY. 65
the taylor that made the coat, with all his family, parti.
7 . J sect rv.
died of the fame terrible diforder, as did no lefs ****-**
than four hundred people in Ramfey, as appears children of
fir Oliver
by the regifter, and all owing to this fatal coat. Cromwdt,
knight of
the Btth,
Thefe four fons of fir Oliver Cromwell are »ncie to
Oliver, lord
particularly mentioned in the pedigree; there pwteaor.
are two more children of that gentleman, who
are only called » ■ ■ ■■* Cromwell, and ■■
Cromwell, frjom which circumftances we may
prefume they were fons $. I fuppofe they were*.
5. Oliver Cromwell, who went into Italy Oliver
J * ' Cromwell,
fof his education, probably through his father's efcfifthfim.
connexion with the Palavicini, who were Ge-
noefej he was a ftudent at Padua, in 1618 j in
the piazza of that univerfity is his coat of arms
painted ; he there* remained two years, and did
not return to England until the year 1625!;
move of his hiftory is not known.
6. .Ed-
* Rev. mr. Wcftou likewife was of opinion, that fir e
Oliver Cromwell had two fans* named Oliver and
Edward.
t Papadopoli fuppofes this Oliver Cromwell to have
been him who was afterwards protector. Vide fir James
Barrow's few anecdotes and obfervaiions relating to Oliver
Cromwell and his'family ; ferving to rectify feveral errors
Vol, I; F concerning
60
PAirrr;
SECT. IV.
Younger
children of
fir Oliver
Cromwell,
knight of
tbe.Balh, -
uncle to
Oliver, lord
protestor*
Edward
Cromwell,
a counfellor,
fixth fon.
Elizabeth
Cromwell,
eldeft
daughter.
Catharine
Cromwell,
fecond
daughter,
married to
fir Richard
Ingold%-
MEMOIRS OF THE
• 6* Edward, as the rev, mr. Wefton in-
formed me; this gentleman's chriftian name is
known not only from the tradition of Ramfey,
that fir Oliver had a fon fo called, but from a
ring, which was fome years ago found under
a walnut tree, near that place, and fuppofed
to have belonged to hiriij the legend upon it
was, ' E. Cromwell fervantiflirni equi.' It is
thought he was bred to the ba r.
*
* 7. Elizabeth Cromwell, eldeft daughter of
fir Oliver Cromwell.
8. Catharine Cromwell, fecond daughter of
fir Oliver Cromwell, was baptized may 15,
1594, at Si. John's. church in Huntingdon -,
,fiiewas married to fir Richard Ingoldfby, of
Lenthenborough, in the county of Bucks,
knight*,
concerning him, publifhed by Nicolaus Commenus. Pa-
padopoli in his Hiftoria Gymnafii Patavina.
: * All thefe daughters are mentioned in the pedigree,,
but none of their marriages. — Here I quit this pedigree,
but feveral additional ones have been tacked to it, which
(hall be taken proper notice of as occaGon offers. — Vide
hi (lory of the Ingoldfbys, no- 16, vol. II. amongft the
yerfons and families allied/ &c. (o the Croinwells.
9< Jan©
CR-OMW.BLL FAMILY. 6$*
9- Jane Cromwell, third daughter of fir £ *A?3'
Oliver Cromwell. < .• • ^^ov
Yoangec .-.-
.*. ..... . . . J children. o£ ,
fir Oliver . ,
10. Joan Cromwell, fourth daughter of cromwiiC >
knighref ;
fir Oliver Cromwell. . . " I ^ B^h, .. ...
uncle: to ' , w
.r Oliver, lord,
protector, ■«.
ii* Anna, or. Hannah Crotnwell, fifth daugji**- janeCr****
ter of fir Oliver Cromwell; fhe was married to daughter'
Jobn*Baldwin, gentleman, at Ramfey, fi-ptem.- ' J£" £*«-
ber ii, #627; from this marriage, d$fcended/* dw*htcr-
it is believed, fir Baldwin Conyers, of Great Hannah
Crom Welly
Stoiighton* in the county of Huntingdon/ fifth daugh-
tcr, married
which eftate was once poffefled, I think, by. to m* Bald-
win.
the Crbmwells 5 it is' now in the pofleflion of
lprd Ludlow.
SECTION V. - ,
«•■
«*
Henry CromWell, efq. eldeft fori arid heir H««y •
* Cromwell*
of fif Oliver Cromwell, knight, was born ^^J
auguft 25, 1586,, and baptized the 28th of £Jl0™rwcll
the. fame month, at St. John's church, in ™„f*r?0
Huntingdon"; he received his chriftian name- ^IZt&ou*
in honor of the founder of the riches of their
family, it being the cuftom (almoft without
F 2 variation)
6$ .MEMOIRS. OFTHE
pARf i. variation) to give the eldeft ion the name of
S*EOT. V* v
v>*v^ Henry* this accounts for the great number of
c«5wdif Crorawells of this firft name.
cfq. eHeft
foil of fir - ■ . -
crLweii, He was a very aftive man for the royal party
«mfiiv to which occasioned his eftates to be fequeftered;
Oliwr, lord J* '
wvc&ir. to prevent the confequences of which, he pre-
sented a petition to the parlement, july 9, 1 649,
intitled, ' the humble petition of Henry Crom-
Mpett, eft}.' which being read, the htufe re-
folved, that c at the requeft of the lord lieute-
*. aant of Ireland' (Oliver Cromwellrafterwards
lordprotedfcorj € and out of the favor of this
Mioufe, thc.fine due, and impofed for the dc~
4 linquency of the faid mr. Henry Cromwell!
c be, and is hereby remitted and difcharged;
c and the fequeftration be difcharged and taken
c off, and the rents arrear in the tenants hands
c be paid to him accordingly*.*
From
* Journals of the houfe of commons. This is a con-
vincing proof that the author of the Mag. Brit, is mis-
taken in faying, tnat fir Oliver Cromwell would not
accept his pardon from his nephew j . for at the time he
and his fon ftood in want of one, he had it not in his
power to give it, hui be -exerted his intereft to procure
them
CROMWELL FAMILY. <€g
From this time he fcems to have lived very part x
sect. v.
privately till his death; but, what with the w^v-w
lofies he fuftained for his loyalty m fupporting c^Uv,
a ruined monarch, together with his family S'of fir
misfortune—want of frugality, he was much crl>mweir,
troubled by his creditors; and when he afked c^fin t»
his father, fir Oliver, to difcharge his debts,
the latter replied— what are they? upon which
the fon delivered him a fchedule of them; the
father, rhftead of any anfwer, writ under them,
€ God fend they*be all paid*/ It appears that
the proteftor, Oliver, courted his friendfhip,
and forgot that he had been a cavalier; for he
appointed him one of the aflfeflfars for the
county of Huntingdon, by an act parted in the
beginning of 1657 f*
tbem one ; and it is afore thin .probable that he wafs ap-
plied to by them for that purpofc ; be it as it would, it
was a merit in him to do it : when Oliver was fovereiga
they did not diftarb his government, fthongh they were
far from approving it ; (o they therefore then did not
ftand in want of a pardon.
* Communicated by lady Jtakerton, whpfc knowledge
in hiflory is very grea}.
t Acls pafied in Oliver's protectorate ; printed by
Field*
F3 He
70 MEMOIRS OF THE
sAcRtv **e *** feptembcr 18, 1657, arid was bu-
•wv-w ried in the chancel of Ramfey church the day
Qtommtw, following, perhaps for the fame reafon as his
fon of fix father was laid to be.
Oliver
Cromwell,
and firft .
coofin to Mr. Henly Cromwell was thrice married;
OlWrr, lord . . J
viou&ou . Jus firft wife was Baptina, or Battina, daughter
ft^Tu- of fir Horatio Pala^icini, knight*, whofe
firft. widow, fir Oliver, his father, married; fee was
buried at the church of St. Jdhn, in Hunting-
don, april 10, 16 18.
<
Mary, hii • Of the family -of the fecond wife of mr,
fecond.
Henry Cromwell, I am ignorant; but her
chriftian name was Mary, and fhe was buried
at Ramfey, January 12, 1629.
Elizabeth, His laft wife was lady Elizabeth Ferrersi
his third. '
whom he married at Ramfey, may 4, 1642:
She probably was the widow of a gentleman,
who was knighted and defcended from the
family of that name, feated at" Tamwortli
caftle j this is the more probable, becaufe of the
frequent inter-marriages between the Hamp-
* Pedigree.
* - dens
CRC>M#«LL FAMILY. yt
dens and the- Ferrers j and asxhe former were part %
' . 1 ' SECT..V;
allied to the Cromwells, it is reafonable to v--v~w*
think, they, might introduce the Cromwells to SlS w^
the Ferrers, which might lead to this marriage cremwdl,
between the widow of a lady of the Ferrers fon <£ fir
family, with this mr. Cromwell*. crimweu,
knt.anafirft
coiifin to
This lady was buried at the foot of the crofs, pftuAw.
in Ramfey church-yard, feptember 2, 1658,
There was no child from this marriage.
IJfue of mr. Henry Cromwell, and mrs. Baptina children v
Cromwell.
1. Battynne, i. e. Baptina, baptized July 28, Baptina
1616, at All Saints church, in Huntingdon, ouiy child
• ' ofthefirft
where lhe was buried, June 7, 1618. marriage.
* Infcription upoji the monument of fir Henry Ferrers,
in Baddefley church, as well as in feveral of the great
number of ihields of arms, painted in the windows of.
Baddefley-Houfe, the ancient feat of this more ancient
and honorable family ; and now poflefied by my worthy
friend Edward Ferrers, efq. to whom, and his family,
I am happy in having an opportunity thus publicly to
cxprcft the great obligations 1 owe them.
F4 Children
/
7t MEMOIRS OF THE
Part i.
sect, v.' Children of mr. Henry Cromwell, by Mary
weu"efq!°ew* a. James, born may 25, and baptized june 7,
OKr?crom- 1620, at the fame church as Baptina was* he
well, track ,. ,
tooiiwr, died young,
lord protcft,
Cmldit 3* Anna, baptized at Upwood, april 22, 1 62 1 .
•ldcft foil of
marriage, 4. Karina> baptized feptember 5, 1622, at
daughter.
Karin., fee. 0 Pembroke, born november 20, 1623, and
daughter. ~
Pembroke baptized december 3, following, at Ramfey,
Cromwell, - ,. , .-
fecond Ton. he died when young.
Henry 6. Henry, of whom in the next fefition, as
Cromwell, J
efq. third, furviving fon and heir of his father.
but cldeft °
furviving
fon «nd heir. 7. Elizabeth, baptized at Ramfey, novem-
ElizabetK , r ■
Cromwell, Der II, 1 6 27*
third
Ma^drom.* *• Mary, baptized feptember 12, 1627, fhe
5hfrh died an infant.
*
M«yCrom. 9. Mary, baptized feptember a5> 1628*.
***? SECTION
* Tbcfe children are not any of them mentioned In
any pedigree I have feen, but there is no doubt but they
CROMWELL FAMILY. 73
SECTION VL,
Henry, only furviving fon of mr. Henry part l
Cromwell, took up again the ancient name v^-v*w
Henrv
of Williams, dropping that of Cromwell, the cwSeii,
caufe of which the reader Will foon be informed. «m<, « tnt.
of the royal
oak,firft .
This gentleman was baptized at Ramfey, remove to
june 22, i6df ; he fucceeded to the remains protest
of the family cftate at Ramfey.
After his relation Oliver had feized upon
the government, either fwaycd by motives of
arc the children of mr. Henry Cromwell, by his two for-
mer, wives, if we may judge from the regifters, and the
intelligent where thefe regifters aTe kept: the dates of
their births exa&ly correfpond with each other; for Bap*
tinawas born in 1616; her mother died in 1618: in
1620 (two years after) James was born, which is allow- .
ing an year between the death of his firft, and the marriage
with his fecond wife ; and from 1620 to i6«8, incluGve,
he had a child each year, except in 1624; and in 1699
he loft his fecond wife ; fo that confidering the omiffion
of the chriftian name of the mother of the children, the
wretched manner in which the regifters are kept, the nu-
roeronfncu of the family of Cromwell, in Huntingdon-
ftire, and the many that had the name of Henry, it
could not be better ascertained.
a intereft,
f
7*4 < MEMOIRS OF THE'
part i. intereft, or won by affection and the obliga-
SECT. VI. •
s^^vX^" tion the protedtor had laid upon himfelf, as
^r^wdi, W^H as his fether and grandfather* he did jiot
^s, knight fcruple to profefs himfelf a contented fubjeft*
oik, Lfty and an affe&ionate and obliged kinfman.
xoufrn, one
remove to
Oliver, lord .
protefltoc . In the parlement, held in 1656 — 7, he ren-
dered himfelf very confpicuous, as we are in-
formed by mr. Vincent Gofkin, in the poft-
fcript of a letter of hisj given in Thurloe's
ftate papers j I fhall give it in th^t gentleman's
own words : < Hary Cromwell riling in the
* houfe next after major generall Butler had
c fpqke, who was a little too hot, I thinke,
* tooke the major generall to talke -, and after
*.he had fpoken to anfwer him, began to argue
' the cafe: amongft others had this argument,
€ that hee obferved many gentlemen, and hee
c that fpoke laft, did fay and thinke it juft,
c that becaufe fome of the cavaliers had done
* amifle, therefore all fhould be punifhed* :
c by the fame argument (fays honeft Hary)
c~becaufe fome of the major generalls have
* The republicans wiflied to have an a£ paffed to de-
cimate the royalifts in the eftates that were left them.
done
%
CROMWELL FAMILY. •_ 75
'■* done amifle, which I offer to prove, therforc part i.
SE.CX. Via
c all of them deferve to be punifhed j Kelfy ^v~
Henry
c thereupon calls to the orders of the houfe, Cromweii,
, ... alias WilU-
1 and defires the perfons, that had done amifle, ams, kni&i*
. » of the royal
* ftiould be named. Up ftarts Hary, and °*> *& ,
- coulin, one
* begs the houfe to give him leave to name ^mo*e *» •
& to ^ Oliver, lorf
€ them, and offered to^rove^ unwarrantable p«*«&°*- ;
€ aftions done by them ; but this fire was put
c out by the grave water carriers. After this
c Hary Cromwell is threatened by the major-
c generall's party, that his highnefs would and
r did take it ill. Hary goes laft night to his
* highnefs, and ftands to what he had fayd
€ manfully and wifely ; and to make it appears
c he fpake not without booke, had his black
' booke and papers ready to make good what
* hee faid. His highnefs anfwered him in
* rallary, and tooke a rich fcariet cloake from
'his backe and gloves from his hands, and
1 gave them to Hary, who ftrytted with his
' new cloake and gloves in the houfe this
c day*,- to the great fatisfa&ion and delight
< of fome, and trouble of. others. It was a
* The letter is dated from Weftminfter, January
%1% 1656.
t f pretty
7$ MEMOIRS OF THE
IectTvi ' Pretty parage of *«s highnds $ pray confider
^~' 'of it/
Henry
Cromwell,
atits Willi. .
Iin5,k«ir»« This was a bold adventure of his to at-
•f tbc royt!
•*,fuft tack a body of ipen that the whole nation
counn, one - f N .
olhrTr6 fori ^°°^ *n awe ^ ^^ which might have been
t*oteaw. refented by the gp>te£fcor, who appointed
them* their power became at length dreaded
even by Oliver, who, in the latter end of this
year abolifhed them.
He was alfo in his coufin, the protestor
Richard's, parlement, iji 1659*, and in the
convention one in 1660 ; at which time he
was one of the commiflioners to fwear in die
members f j and in which he gave his hearty
vote for the reftoration of the royal family, in
* It appears that the protector Richard had a great
efteem for him, for admiral Montague, afterwards earl of
Sandwich, in a letter to fecretary Thurloe, dated January
I, 1658, fays, that he (hall not interefl himfclf in the
ele&ion, * unlefs mr. Cromwell be in hasard; and in
* that cafe he would be active that he received no affront ;'
had he not been a relation of Richards, and beloved by
him, Montague would not have troubled himfelf in the
natter. ,
f Vide journals of the houfe of commons.
whofe
CROMWELL FAMILY,
11
whofe caufe himfelf, his father, and grandfa- IJAi"1*^
ther* had fufFercd fo much. w-v->>
Henry
Cromwell,
alias Willi*
As he knew the name of Cromwell would *»»• fc«»gh«
of the royal
not be very grateful in the court of kinff °*k» firft
* *» . ° coufia, one
Charles II. he difufed it, and ftyled himfelf *■««»
7 ' Oliver, lor*!
only plain Henry Williams, efq. by which Pro;ca°r*
name he was fet down in the lift of fuch per-*
fons as were to be made knights of the royal
oak, a new order inftituted in commemoration
of king Charles the fecond's having been faved
after the battle of Worcefter, in a tree of that
kind, at Bofcobel, in Staffordfhire* ; and a
medal alluEve thereto was a6tually engraved
by Symonsf; none were to be admitted to
thU honour but thofe who had eminently dif-
tinguHhed themfelves by their loyalty; his
eftate in Collins' baronetage is eftimated at
2000I. per annum, and he is reprefented as
refiding at Bodfcy-Houfe, in the county of
Huntingdon.
* Vide a lift of tbe intended kmgkt* in Collins' ba*
ronetage.
t Vertue's engravings of Symons' works, and Snelling'4
proof pattern pieces, and I. think Evlyn's nnnifmata.
In
j8 MEMOIRS; OF THE *
part i- In a deed that I have feen (to which he iv
SECT. VI. V
S-^-v-w a party) he is diftinguifhed by the title of fir.
Cromwell, Henry*, but as this fpecies of .knights was
lbs, knight foon aboliflied (it being wifely judged , that
Gf the royal
6&f£tn the order, was calculated only to keep alive
coufin, one
remove to animofities, . which it was the part of wifdom
Olhrer, lord r '
poteaor. to lull to fleep) he, as well as the reft of the
knights of the royal oak, lolt every diftin&ion
upon that account \ for which reafon he refumed
the ftyle of plain Henry Williams, efq. except
when mentioned in law writings, and then he
retained the name of Cromwell, with an alias,
as his ^nceftors did i it may be remarked here
that he bore his coat of arms without any
variation, that being ftri&ly fpeaking, not
the Cromwells* but the Williams* proper ar-
morial ijearingf.
- " * Amongft the title deeds of UpwoocL
t That mr. Henry Cromwell conftantly retained the
feme coat of arms as his- family always bore, is obvious
from his feal to deeds ; — indeed he could ufe no other.-"
Blome, in his Britannia, calls him Henry Williams, in
the county o£ Huntingdon, efq. and' has engraved his
arms ; this book came out in the fame year as mr. Wil-
liams died.
-•■•'■ it
CROMWELL -FAMILY.
im
. It is faid, that upon a difpute in the royal part u
prefence, whov-had the greateft intereft in the ^r^-*S'
county of Huntingdon; fome faid the earl cromweii, .
of Manchester* others this gentleman: his ipa- am"k»ight.
jefty, who enjoyed mifchief, informed the lat- oak/fi^*
ter of the altercation, adding, now is a proper remo/eto .;
time to /determine it* as an election for a propter- \
member of the county will foon take place $,
mr. Cromwell, who exceedingly prided him-
fclf upon the intereft of his family in that
part of the kingdom, accepted the challenge
withpleafurej but, upon the clofe of the poll,
he found his antagoniits (I think his lordfhip's
brother, and Robert Apreece, oHNafhingly^
efquire) had obtained a majority, which fa '
ftrongly affedted him, that he fell from his*
chair, and foon after expired *♦
This happened at Huntingdon, augufl 3^
1673; his body was removed tq Ramfey, andc
there interred the 6th of the fame month. ' *
I have no where feen the family name of
• this gentleman's wife* her chriftiaij one . yas^
• ,»
* Communicated by the rev. mr. Wcfton.
• . • Ann;
to MEMOIRS OF THE
»art i. Ann} ihe was ufually ftyled dame Williams ;
s^^J ihe furvived her hufband, and refided upon a
CM*eii. VCI7 trifling pittance, charged upon the eftates
wtwght at Ramfey; Ihe was buried there, January
of the royal /-o^*
otk, firft IO, 1687*.
cooiin, One
remove to
fJSUT Thus the.Cromwells, the moft opulent fa-,
mily in HuntingdonfhiTe, after a gradual de-
cline, totally expired, and theirgreat eftates fell
into various other hands : Ramfey, the richeft,
into thofe of the celebrated colonel Titusf,
by
* Dame Williams, or mrs. Cromwell, alias Willi-
ams, was called; lived in a houfe near the town of
Ramfey ; which, with a large piece of land, was referved
taker; the latter Hill retains the name of dame Williams'
clofe.
f Col. Tims is rendered memorable from being the fup-
pofed writer of the pamphlet ' Killing no murder/ the
dedication to which, addrefTed to Oliver Cromwell, efq.
tyrant of England, is a mafter-piece * ; he was the buffooa
.of Charles the fecond's court, by which he prevailed more
than *&ers with the greateft wifdom ; lord Clarendon s
bani&ment was owing to this fooling ; he was a leading
member for the b;ll to exclude James duke of York, after-
Walking James II. he faid, in the houfe of commons,
• It is faid, colonel Edward Scxby, who died t prifoner In tht Tower,
.adpowiedged himfelf the writer ofit.
• that
CROMWELL FAMILY. 8*
by pyrchafe, from mr. Henry Cromwell, alias j^^
Williams j what this i^QH^ery was, inay be
gueffed by the value of fuch appendages as cr^Jweii,
were "held by the Crotfiwells j which would ^h juii^
nowfetfdr, perhaps, upwards of eighty thou- oak. Wt .
fand pounds per annum ; but the cftatcd hfed r^^c 19 '."
been fo leffened, that this mr. Cromwell, alias Pro"&>r» ,
Williams, had. only two thoufand pounds per
annum, and perhaps he left but a fmall portion
of its value to his heirs $ and not only the
eftates in Huntingdon and Cambridge, which
the Cromwells poffeffed, but alio thofe in the
county of Effex were alienated by them* thefe
latter were likewife to a very confiderable
* that expedients tp fecure the proteftant religion, when
' fuch a perfon was differed to mount the (hroae, was
4 as ftrange as if there was a lion in the lobby, aad they
' Chould vote thai they would rather fecure themselves by
* letting him in and chaining him, than by keeping him
* out:' he reprefented the borough and county of Hunt-
ingdon in feveral pari em ems, he TeGde&at Ram fey in the
rammer, and Bu&y-Park in the winter; his free aad cfeear-
ful humour made bis company eagerly fought. — Col. Titus
ieft Ramfey to his three daughters and ee-heireffea ; . the
furvivor of them, mrs. Catharine Titus, left the manor of
Ramfey, w\th an eftate of about two thoufand pounds per
ann. to two of her fervants, a man and woman; the
former, whofe name was Smith, fold. Ramfey abbey to
Coulfou Fellows, efq. whofe eldefl fon and heir, William
Fellows, efq. now enjoys it.
Vol* I, G amount. % 4
»« MEMOIRS OP THE
£>** l amount, and which came to them as heirs
pECT. VI.
w-v-^w pf the Warrens, their maternal anceftofs*.
Henry
miias^wiifi- Sir FJeory Spelman^ fir William Dugdale,
of the royd and fir Sjmon Pigge, would have propounced
KmoVfr to* * William Warren, of Fering, in Elfex, left a fern
*i
Oliver, l'orj) wjM) wag flxeriflF of London in 1528, and father of fis
proie&or. ■*
Richard Warren, lord mayor of that city in 1536, and
jdied July 11, 1553; he had two wives, Chriftian and
Joan, by one of them he left Richard, his Ton and heir,
-aged eleven ; and Joan, wife df fir Henry Crqmwell, of
Hinchinbrooke, knt. Richard, the fon, died march 25,
1597, leaving no iffue by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of
fir Rowland Haward, knt. this lady married again, to fir
Thomas Knevet, knt. created harem of Efcrick. Sir Oli-
ver Cromwell, knight of the bath, eldeft fon of £r Henry
Cromwell, as neareft of kin to this laft Richard Warren,
Succeeded to the manois of Low-Ley ton, Newhall, or
JJlackholes, Great-Eafton, Newport- Pond, and piayhmy,
all in the county of Effex. Sir Oliver Cromwell, by li-
cence, dated december 4, 1599, alienated Ley ton, with
twenty-four mcQuages, twenty gardens, twenty orchards,
two hundred acres pf arable, two hundred and fixty of
meadow, two hundred and forty of pafture, forty of wood,
three hundred Qf heatji and furze, tp Edward Rider, an-
ceftpr of fir William Rider, lord mayor pf London ia
|6oo, who left it fo his two daughters and co-heirs.
Newhall qr Blackhqles, with Great-Eafton, fir. Oliver
fold, aprjl 2p, 1598, tp Henry, afterwards fir Henry May-
nard ; Newhall was hejd of the king and queen, as of their
Jmndred of Denfy, in free focage, by fealty anfl yearly
rent of four-pence. Great-Eafton was fold by the feme
Juiight, in 1597, by licence, dated feptember 2, with the
gppur-
CROMWELL FAMILY, $3
the total lofs of all the patrimonial eftate of part r.
r SECT. YL
the family of Cromwell a judgment from *^y*~
God, as it had once been the poffeffions of croawnii; <
the church; and the late rev. mr. Weftori* .ms, knight
of the royal
a&ually did. oak» firft
coufin, one
... „. «- " ' «n remove to'
appurtenances and thirty meUuages, twenty tofts, two mills, Oliver, lord
three dove houfes, thirty gardens, thirty orchards, four Pr»t««w» '.
hundred acres of arable, twenty of meadow, four hundred
of paflure, three hundred of wood, fixty {hillings rent,
aflize common of pafture, free warren and fifticry, view
of frank pledge, and advowfon of the church, to Henry
Maynard, efq. whofe descendants fli 11 enjoy it, all held
by the ferjeancy of being king's larder and purveyor of hU
kitchen on the coronation day. Newport, with the rianilet
of Bilchanger was purchafed of fir Oliver, by Theophelus
earl of Suffolk, before the year 1635; the hofpital-ttf St.
Leonard, in the hamlet of Bilchanger, likewife belonged
to this eltate; it was granted by icing Henry VJLII. to fir
Martin Bowes, who fold it, by licence, oclobcr I, i£45»
to fir R. Warren. Morant's hiftory of Effex.. . \ ;^-.-.\
The great value of thefe eftates in Eflex, may be judged
of by feeing the valuable parcels of feveral of them: as Low-
Leyton, and fome other parts of them were diflblved reli-
gious houfes ; thofe who deal in judgments would not won-
der that the male line of the Warrens failed* and that the
Cromwells, defcended from females, ihould fqnander them.
* The late rev. mr. Wefton wrote an effay in the. Oxford
magazine, to prove that the owners of lands which had
been once appropriated to the church, never profpered.
This gave great^ offence to many families in Hunting-
douGure,
Gj It
f{ MEMOIRS OF THE
paet i. It is a dangerous thing to meddle witlj
v-#-v^v judgments* they will carry a man whereioever
cSfeU. . he pleafes : i{ would have been lefs excufeable,
im, knight if theft gentlemen had confined their judg-
o»k, firft ments to thofe perfons and their defcendants
rwoeio only who procured the grants by improper
praetor. , means* :. but they include not only them, but |
all who received grants of religious ppfleflions, ,
as well as their families: not content to do
jhis> they extend their judgments to all lay-
jncin and their offspring, who may become^
by purchafe of otherwife, pofleffed of themf
Ho doubt ntonafteries and other founda-
jtiopsj diflblved by king Henry VIII. might
Jiave |>een mpch better employed than they
were, in augmenting fuch church livings as
cannot maintain a clergyman with decency;
pr appropriated to fome other charitable infti-
£ution, fuch as free fchools, or hofpitalsj or
* It appears by Dugdale's antiquities of Warwick (hi re,
that fir Richard Williams, alias promwellj knight, was
pae of the yifirors of the religious houfes, appointed by
Jting Hetury VIII. but I haye no where feen.any intima-
fiaaoJhUabufin^tl^tro^ -
if
CROlVi WELL FAMILY. £| .
if none of thefe were approved o£ they fhotild *A*T'£
have reverted to the defcendtots of fuch pious ^~+-*j>
perfons who had been the founders or bensfac- Cromwell,
»«a«waii-
to the religious houfes; or applied Id the ufe a**, kufeii
° rr rf the royal
of the date. **,«*
«• «M»fin, Oflt
ttpafrcco
Bur to pafs over thefe lurriiiies; certain it protect*
is, that the Cronriwells have hot now a prefen-
tation to a fingle benefice, nor an acre of all
that land they once poffefied belonging to the .
church.
Before I quit this laft fection of part I. CromwtiM
1 think it will be but proper to give fuch pofedtob*
perfons of the nam6 of Cromwell as I ima- fr»« Mor-
gine are defcended from Morgan Williams, *»*» fctw
of fir Rich*
father of fir Richard Williams* alias Cromwell; ^iuiim,>.,
« alias Crom*
but from what particular branch It is impoffi- wdJ' knu
ble to know, Without further help? than 1
have iriet with -,— perhaps fome ciirious gen-
tleman into whole hands a copy of this Work
may fall, may difcover the defcent of at le$ft
fome of therm
Tfae firft I fliall givfc is Only *fynuo§*d by n***!*
Fuller, who, in his quaint way, jjius.ejpnafl^ d£mwc '
G 3 his
& MEMOIRS OF THE
LART1, l"s queries about a Thomas Cromwell, efq.
*-^v^ who was ftieriff of c Cambridgefliire, 28 Henry
who.refup. « VIIL* of whom ht fays, c Thomas Cromwell,
•pofed to be
^efccnd^ c Ar. Here reader I am at a perfect A?/}, and
from Mor- # r ^
gm wiiti- c do defire thy charitable band to lead me. No
ami, father
of rir Rich. € xkomas Cromwell can I find at this time in
Williams,
■ujscrom. c this county, and can hardly fufpeft him to
€ be the Cromwell of that age, becaufe only
c additioned Armiger. Indeed I find him this
* year created Baron of Okeham, but cannot
* fuppofe him unknighted fo long ; befides
€ the improbability that he would condefcend
> c to fuch an office, having no intereft I ever
€ met -with in Cambridge/hire, though (which
t may fignify fomewhat) he was at that time
' chancellor of the univerfity^ of Cambridge.
* Thus I have ftarted the doubt, which others
f may bunt down to their own fatisfadtion.' It
is difficult to fay who this Thomas Cromwell
Was, — from Dugdale's Origines Judicialia it
appears, that Thomas Cromwell, afterwaifds the
ricar-general, had only the addition of armi-
ger, when the mafterihip of the rolls was given,
though he was knighted fomc time before. If
fir Richard Williams, alias Cromwell, had a
brother,
CROMtVEifc FAMILY. Ay
brother^ of the name of Thomas* it might b& pXrt k
him i for it appears by the pedigree, that \*~&<J
Walter, one of his brothers, took the name who are fo^
df Cromwell, and I fee nojheafon why we riiay fcfceaaed
^ / , from Mori
not fuppofe there were other brothers, for it s*« waw
rr tms, father
is only a flight pedigree; and if there were !*f'.Richi
more fbris of riir. Mofgah Williams^ by the ^^jf
Vicar general's lifter, 1 think it highly proba-
ble, that as one was named Walter from the
vicar general's father, another might be called
Thomas, after himfelf*
Be this TThomas Cromwell who he wouldj
he dertainly was allied to fir Richard Wil-
liams, alias Cromwell, ahd that very nearly;
but it is as fure that he was not, as the writtr
of the life of Oliver the proteftor, in the Bio-
graphia Britantiica, ridiculoufly fuppofe*, th*
father of fir Richard, which muft be veryob*
vioils to thereader.
Lady Siifan Cromwell, buried July 1 1> 1 58 U %&*ff
in All Saints parifhi in Huntingdon. I ap-
prehend there was an Henry Cromwell knight-
ed befides fir Richard's fon.
G4 ttugtf
8* MEMOIRS OF TH/E
* a r t u Hugo Playett Cromwfcll, buried at Upwood,
J£iL deetmber^o; 1595/
Cromwell*
potato be Ellen Cromwell, buried at Huntingdon,
ftttm Mor* april 13, 1599*.
Vm Willi. r ° oy*
ataa, father
wi^ns,11' Catharine Cromwell, married to Henry Pa-
wctt^nT" lavicini* april xo, 1606, at AH Saint's church,
*£e°tt in Huntingdon,
Cromwell.
Eiicn, ci- jane Cromwell, married to Tobias Palavi-
thanne, and ** J
jancCfom- cinif, at the fame time and place: probably
fhe and Catharine were fitters.
jfoan crom- Joan Cromwell* daughter of mr. direr
Odmwell, buried febrtiarjr i3> 1600, at All
Saints church, in Huntingdon.
: jMiftris Oliver Gromwell, of Godmanchef'-
Hti\{b$ died jul/ 27, and was buried at All
Saints, in Huntingdon, auguft 17, i6oo|.
Richard
* Vide appendix, letter G.
f fcenty and iTobias were fons of fir Hottaia Palm-
dfci, .km.
J I examined the regifters Of Godmauchefter, which i*
•t^iing to the town of Huntingdon, but there Was none
- - of
CROMWELL FAMILY. 89
Richard Cromwell, fon of mr. Henry Crom- parti.
wellj was buried novembef 18, 1 601,. at All v-«-J->»/
Saints pariih in Huntingdon; XrEfr,I
pefed to be
defceitM
Mr. Henry Cromwell, an officer, buried at ^T vfmii
All Saints, in Huntingdon, december 24, 1601. Tfir RkZ
alias Crot**.
Mrs. ii/tfzd/ Cromwell, wife of mr. Henry Mn.E\*U
Cromwell, of Upwood, buried at Upwood,, Ct9m^L
January 27, 16 19.
John Jones Cromwell, fourth foft of the John-jo**
. ^ . ~ Cromwell.
above Henry and Elizabeth Cromwell, buried
at Upwood, match 13, 1619.
Mrs. Jane Cromwell, married to mr. wil- Mn.jaa«?
Ham Baker, xefided, it is fuppofed, at Btiry, wife to »r.
near Raoifey; the Bakers were then a Very Baker.
confiderablQ family, fcut they wdre afterwards
reduced., and there are not any now remaining.
Mr. Htoty Cwmweli, of tJpwoetfr &*> <*f
fir Henry left his atfat, twsi-Elleii Sadie/, Mn.t\uk
Sadler.
of the name of Cromwell mentioned in them; there Were
many of the atm* of Gr 4nW«U, b*Mh«y ate <pttt* 9 {lifting
family. •
' * twenty
go MEMOIRS OF THE
parti, twenty pounds: whether her maiden name!
SECT VI.
w^w' was Cromwell or not I cannot determine -, /he
^oT/fiV might be aunt to his wife, or his mother's
defended lifter,
from Mor*
g*n Willi-
0™^ Rkh! Robert Cromwell, who was a juryman lipon
2i« c"m- ^e tr^a^ °^ mr- Dan*el Axteil, one who was
Robert"11, imm€(iiately concerned in the death of king
CmawcU. Charles I. and challenged by him : this* inn
Cromwell muft have been a Londoner*,
Mr. Crom- Mr. Cromwell, who was ejedted, in 1663,
from Magdalen college, Cambridge, becaufe
he would not comply with epifcopacyf .
Mr*. Mar- Mrs. "Margaret Cromwell, who paid her
writ refpe&s to king James II. (after his abdica-
tion) at St. Germains, for which (he beCamfe
Uable to a profecution, but faved heifelf by
taking out a warrant, as enjoined by govern-
ment in 1690, to prevent thofe who had bee A
fo imprudent, from fuffering the punifliment
the laws would otherwise inflift \<
* Trials of the regicides.
• f Hiflory of England during tlie reign of the Stuarts.
% Secret hiflory of Europe.
CROMWELL FAMILY. $t
Mr. Henry Cromwell, the correfpondent part r,
. ' SECT. VI.
and friend of the celebrated poet Pope; mifs n->v-^
Cromwell acknowledges, in a letter to me, wh°o"ref«V-
that he was a relation to the family, b,ut can- !fefceiie<*
not trace his pedigree — probably he defcendied gtn wmC
from fir Philip Cromwell. <»f fir Rich.
Williams,
•lias Cronr-
Mr. Henry Cromwell, who (as I am ii*- M^Henry
formed) kept a filk mercer's (hop upon Lud- romwe "'
gate-hill, in London, about thirty years ago,
at which time he was unmarried*.
Mr. Oliver-Benjamin-James Cromwell, a
gentleman of independent fortune, who refided ?,e^min
in many different parts of the kindom, parti-
cularly at Quarn, in the county of Leicefter,
and Barnledon, in that of York : he married
Mary, fitter of John Woodhoufe, M. 0. by
whom he had iflue three fons and one daugh-
ter i i. John, who was a married man, but
left no child. 2. William, married a daugh-
ter, of mr. Clay, an attorney, at Leicefter, but
* Communicated by mr. Cromwell, of Brpmfgrove,
who alfo informed me, that he remembered a young man,
a flonc roafon, at Cambridge of the name of Cromwell.
had
Mr. Oliver*
Benjamin^
James
Cromwell.
93 MEMOIRS OF THE
J/RT i. had no ifluej this William was brought up i
s-^*^*i mercer, but declined bufinefs, and refided at
who arc fop- Lichfield, on account of his mother's rela-
ptfed 16 be
defceaded tions; he bequeathed to his nephew, the rev-
iron Mor*
gan wiiii. John-Chapel Woodhoufe (fon and heir of the
•ms, father ■* * x
wim«mCh* ^o6l;or) re&or or vicar- of Donington, in the
wjj? c££* county of Salop, the whole of his property : he
is buried in the middle ifle of the cathedral
church of Lichfidd; to whofe memory is this
infcription, upon a grave ftone laid over him s
c William Cromwell, Gent, late of this city,
c died July 24th, 1766, in the 68th year of
c his Age/ Mrs* Ann Wopdhoufe*, the doc-
tor's fifter, has heard mr. Cromwell fay, that
his grandfather and the prote&or, Oliver, were
coufins. 3. Benjamin, was a furgeon and
apothecary at Nottingham, and died unmar-
ried. 4. Sarah, or Mary, was married to mr.
* Mrs. Ann Woodhoufe is ftill living, and refides a!
Lichfield* {torn whom the above particulars of mr, Oliver;
Benjamin-James Cromwell and his family were commu-
nicated to me, through my very good friend * the curious
mr. Greerle of that city. - Mrs. Woodhoufe fays, that
mr. Oliver-Bcnjamin-Jamcs Cromwell affccled to latinize
his name*
4 Dakiri>
93
PART I.
SEQT. VI,
CROMWELL FAMILY.
Dakin, an attorney, of Mansfield, in the
county of Nottingham, buf left.no ifiue,
Cromweils
who are fup-
poied to be
There was 'a perfon 6f the name of Wil- defended
from Mor-
liam Cromwell, at Warwick, bu; of what fa- g« wiiii-
mily I am ignorant, pf.fir.Hicb.
al!as Croau
wcJJ, kn*.
PART
94 MEMOIRS OF THE
PART II.
SECTION I.
p artii- T TAVING taken all the defendants I could
SECT. I. I— I
w-^-w ' A A difcover of fir Richard Cromwell, except
cromweii, thofe of Robert, the fecond fon of fir Henry
of*oi!m? Cromwell, I now proceed to give the hiftory
tor. of that gentleman, and that of his defcendants -,
omitting to take -any notice of him till now,
as he was head of that branch of the family
which from his fon Oliver (afterwards pro-
testor) became fo famous in thefe kingdoms.
Robert Cromwell, efq. fecond fon of fir
Henry Cromwell, knt. had, t>y the will of
his father, an eftate in and near the town of
Huntingdon, confifting chiefly, if not wholly,
of poffeflions formerly belonging to fome of
the difiblved religious foundations, amounting
to about three hundred pounds a year*.
* The eftate of mr. Robert Cromwell was then in open
fields, but is now inclofed ; fo that there is no afcertainiog
where it lay, its quantum, nor prefent value.
He
CROMWELL FAMILY.
95
He chiefly refided at Huntingdon, in a parth.
SfiGT L
houfe which was cither part of the old hof- >— -**^>
pital of St. John's, or was built upon the cJ^weii,
feite and out of its ruins*. ^oihSlT '
- - lord protes-
tor.
Mr. Cromwell, though a gentleman of
good fenfe, and of competent learning, was
fo fond of a private life, that he never, it is
fuppofed, wifhed for any employment in the
ftate ; a commiffion of peace for the borough
of Huntingdon, procured him by his brother,
fir Oliver Cromwell, was fufficient to fatisfy
his ambition ; as the name of Cromwell, with
that of Turpin, is upon one of the pillars of
a church in Huntingdon, as fheriffs of that
place in 1600, it is moft reafonable to fup-
pofe it was he who ferved the office at that
time.-:— He was named a commiflioner, in
1605, for draining th$ fenn? in the coun-
* The above is the report at Huntingdon ; the. houfc
mr. Robert Cromwell refided in was certainly of ft one,
and belonged to fqme of the religious houfes ; Tanner
does not fay that fir Richard Williams, alias Cromwell*
tad a grant of the monaftery of St. John's, but if he had
not, he Qr his fan, fir Henry Cromwell, might pur-
fhafe it.
ties
i
96
MEMOIRS -OF THE
partij. ties of Northampton, Lincoln, Huntingdon,
s*ct. i. ,,«,.,*
v-^^w and Cambridge*. . • .
Robert ♦
Cromwell,
o^bffver; A life like his cannot be exposed to furftift
tor. pr°tec" much matter for a biographer; the philofo-
pher, however, would fcarce let paf* fuch an
opportunity in reflc&ing upon the ftringe
contrariety of men's minds, and thofe too of
the near^ft affinity: whan character can be
more oppofite to this gentleman's than that
of his fon's ?
From the happy and ferehe pleafures of a
domeftic life this good citizen was prema-
turely taken, to the great grief of a tefoved
wife and feveral children; the latter were juft
at an age to*know their iofs: his remains were
«
depofited at St, John's, in Huntingdon, june
?4, 1617.
Mrs. Eiizt- Mr. Cromweir married Elizabeth, daughter
beth Croon- °
weii, mother 0f flr Richard Steward, Stewart, or S.tuart, of
po Oliver, *
lord protec-
tor. .* Dugdalc's hiftory of the fenns. Sir Henry Crom-
well was alfo a commiffiondr, gothof Elizabeth, as was fir
Oliver in 1605.
( Eiy»
Elyi jott* . ^e&eiKled from* though very re-, pastk*
rpotely, frpra the .royal houfe of /SoptfeupdV s^s^U'
Both mr* Cromwell and his Wife / wer£ per* bcth'e,o£I
* fops.dfgreat v*wth* and no way inclined to. J 9$!*™'
1 difaffe&ion, either in their civil or religious tor. • .,.'.'
* principles, but ten&arfcable for. living upoA a
t fmail fortune with .decency* and main taijiing
1 a large family by tfceir .frugal ttrc*lm(j?£&<Hh':
To cafe the c*pen£e$ incident to a numero^^
Jwdgeny, and fo much felt whew* th* fbnund.
isTmall^ and the 4efcent ancie^tj nyr* Crom-
well carried on a targe brewing btffinefe, but
tohich was chiefly copdu&ed by ^ fervantoj
tohole accounts were entirely infpefted bf
mrs. CfOmwell Mrfelf t*
She. was a (Jareful/ jpnklerif mother, andt
brought up. her family^ after mr, GflmWeir*
deceafej? m a very* haiktfome* frugal manner*
chiefly frocp the profit* tofiftg from the brew^
* Viic foote ammatr ttf.the Swsvavtf £uufy»4NL 17^
vol. ll.-ixi the hiftorit* of federal perfoda and families
allied to* or defcended from the prdte&orate houfe of
Cromwell* bjr females., ,
t Flagelluau v .
Vo*,L (k-v? ** ******
9« MEMOIRS OF THE
pxttf tt.' houfe, which fte ftill continued to cany on
SECT;*.-
<--v-o> upon her own account, and by that mean.
bcrti'ctoin- gave each of her daughters a fortune fufficicnt
ef oiiw, to many them to perfons *£ genteel families.
protec-
Her gfcateft fondnefs was lavished away up-
on her only fon, who lhe ever partially loved ;
and to her he was eveiy way deferring of it,*
he behaving always in the moft filial and ten-
der manner to hen and upon his exalting
himfclf to fovcreign greatnefs, he gave her
apartments in the palace at Whitehall, where
fhe continued till her death V which happened
november i$, 1654^ -
As it was with reluftance flie partook of the
pageantry of fovereignty? fo fhe continued un-
dated with its fplendor 5 and the regard (he
had for diver rendered her conftantty wretch-
ed, from the apprehenfion lhe had of his dan-
ger: fhe was discontented if (he did not fee
him twice a day, and never heard the report of
a gun, but fhe exclaimed € my fon is fliot %.9
* Ludlow's memoirs. f Heath's chronicle.
J Ludlow's memoir*
though
1
#
CROMWELL FAMILY.
99
Though fo zrtrfe to Oliver's prote&brate* *aktii.
• fht Feldom- troubled him with advice'; when s*#**~L/
(he did, he always heard her with great atten- be£'ci££
tiori, bur a#ed as he judged proper \ and with d 6\\Wf
refpeft to her funeral, entirely oppdfite to it; tor. pidMC"
fhe requefting, when dying, to have a private
one, and that her body might not be depofited
in Weftminfter abbey; inftead of fulfilling this
requeft, the prote&pr conveyed her remains
with great folemnity, and attended with, many
hundred torches, though it was day-light, and,
interred them in the dormitory of our ejiglifh
monarch*, in a manner fui table to thofe of
the mother of a perfonage of his then r?nk;
* the rtee^leis ceremonies . and great 4xpences
< which the prote&or put. the public too9 ib
burbling her gave great offence to the repub-
licans*# *
At the reftoration htt body was taken tip,
and indecently thrown (with ethers) into an
hole made before, the back door q{ the lodg-
* Ludlow'* memoirs.
H a ings
Uo •' MEMOIRS OF THE
jARTit. ings belonging to one of the canons, or pre-
SECT* I*
w^v~** bendaries iri St* Margaret's church-yard*.,
UtU Elizt-
ittth Croan ~ - ♦' ,
of oiw*r, Mrs. Cromwell Was an amiable perion, and
tor. much beloved by her relations* afc olfo thofe
of hcrhulband, particularly fir Oliver Crom-
well; my lord Clarendon calls her, I think*
€ a decent woman/
The fettlement Ibe had upon her marriage
was about fixty pounds a year, the fmallnefs
of which afforded ample matter of lampoon
to the cavalier*, asl wtU as republicans j it is
Jioped/fxy the former, that now: #• enor-
mous taxes will be faded* as tKe protector's
liighotfi, by the death of his mothitr, is freed
* deal's hiftory of the puritans, and Wood's Fafti*
the former fays, the bodies were taken up by warrant
from the king to the dean of Weftminfter ; but adds he*
* the work wa* fo kiflecdhti^d drew fucb a geaAal-odiu*
/ on the goverrimen v that a flop Was pot to any further
• proceedings/ It appears from Wood, that admiral
Ebpfcam* was the only body that wasgirax to his Family;
his monument was permitted to remain, with the epitaph
inverted.
. . from
\
1or4 p*otcc«
CROMWELL FAMILY. «>«.
from her dowry, which amounted to the pro- partil-
SECT. I,
digital* fum #f fixty pounds annually. s<-x^^
Mrs, EUz^
• • * ' ♦..-• ' to**1 Qr«»*
There is a portrait of mrs. Cromwell at I? qJTAV''
Hinchinbrooke-Houfe, which fhews a like-
nefs of Oliver's beftpi&uresj the lower part
of her face is handfome, it reprefents her in
the middle age of life i of a melancholy coun-
tenance, her eyes look^ weak, perhaps for want
of eye-laflies, her nofe rather long? her mouth
fmall, but full \ what little of her hair fs ieen
is a tidbit brown, bordering upon, fiaxtii ; ihe
is painted in a white fy%t\ti hoqdx faftejjed tigh;
under her chin ; no more of her neck is feen
thanjuft enough to fhew a ftring of* pearls
round it j her handkerchief (only the broad lace
of which i? feen) is tyed with a black Jftring,
by which it is drawn round the necks over
this is a green fatin or velvet cardinal', edged
with a gold lace, and fattened at the bottom
by a clafp of jewelry; her left arm is through
the cardinal, and her hand is fpread to keep
down the other, fide of it. This pi&ure, J
believe, has never been engraved, but the
H 3 houfekeeper
lor
MEMOIRS. bV %$Z'\
t a r t ii. houfekeeper at Hinchinbrooke-Houft told terd
SECT. I.
o*-vw' Sandwich that fhe lent k to a gentleman of
SSh crwll Cambridge, who wanted a drawing from it*
*ell, mother
of Oliver,
lor* protee- The iflue of mr. Robert and mrs. Elizabeth
tor.
. Vounger Cromwell was three fons and fix daughters.
ctnldrea of
Robert
fMhTr^of' lm Henry Cromwell, who was baptized au-
JE3JT* EPk 31* 1595*5 probably he died at a very
early age, but when and where he was buried
is not known.
a. Oliver Cromwell, who became k^d pro*
te&or, vide his life in the next feftion.
3* Robert, who was baptized January 13,
1 608 , and, buried april 4, 1609.
4. Elizabeth, who was baptized October
*4> *593-
5. Catharine,' who was baptized february
7,1596. " *l
* All the children of mr. Robert Cromwell (except
his youngeft, daughter) Were baptized at St. John s church
in Huntingdon, and his ion Robert Was buried there.
One
£&0M'WELL FAMILY. ,103
• Ow>of tAefc ladies became the wife of a *£*£x£
mn Jcwftcr, but which, or who that gentleman y^~
wa^ |§ unknown*, children of
Robert
Cromwell, .
6. Margaret, who. was baptized february oh™, to*
25, 16005 flie was married to a Valentine protc or*
Wauton, efq. of Stourton, in the county of
Huntingdon, and one of king Chanes the
firft's judges f.
7." Anna, who was bdrn January a, 1601,
and was baptized the fixteenth of the fame
mOnth^ fhc was married to mr. John Defoo-
rough, who afterwards was one of the generals
of the parlement fleet, and one of Oliver the
protestor's lords $: probably this lady died
* Br* Gibbons* additions annexed to die pedigree be-
longing to the mifs Cromwells do not mention mrs. Jewf*
ter s chriftian name, but call her the third daughter,
which is evidently a miftake: it gives only Robina, which is
placed as eldeft, mrs. Jones as fecond, and this mrs. Jcwftcr
as third daughter. ^
t Vide the life of mr. Wauton, no. 18, vol. II. in the
Lift brics of ftveral perfons and families alKed to, or defend-
ed from the protectorate houfe of Cromwell, by females.
i Vide the life of John Pcfborough, efq. and William
Lochart, efq. no. 19, and no, to, vol. II. in the biftories
of feveral perfons and families, $#•
H4 about x.
164 MEMOIR* OF THE
rARTn. about the year ;r6 $6; as m the beginning of
^-n^w that, and at the latter end bf the preceding
Younger
Fhiidre» 4 year, Jh$ wa$ very ill*.
Robert
CromwcU,
pfq. father of ' #
Oliver, ior4 8, Jane, who was baptized January 19,
.1605-61 (he was married twice, firft to Roger
Whetflpne, efq* an officer, in the parlement
?rmy, who dying f, (he married % fecond time,
to colonel John Jones, who fat as 6ne of the
kkjg's judges, which coft hiarhis life J.
9. Robina, who glfo itfd two huft*andsj the
firft wa$ clpftor Pf ter Jfrefrch, canst* of C^krift's
* Majqrrgeneral pelboro'ugh, in a letter to Thurloe,
dated {torn Sarum, drceml}er i*v 1655*1 fty*» h &nY ^
f his highnefs's remembrancer in vifiting my wife,' ir|
another to the fame, dated January 19, 1655^, he defires
to return to his poor wife ; and in that to the faine gentle-
man dated Trurpe^ January 28, in the fame year, he re-s
queftg * permiffion of his hlghnefs to come to London,
* when' he had gone t)ack again through the countries,
* and fettled all his affairs; were not my poore wife very
* ill 1 £kould not defire co eonte up, for 1 think I imai
* well here as there, though I have enough too.'
f Vide fome account of the Whctftones, no. 2 1, vol. II.
in the hiftories of feveral perfons and rami lies, &c.
J Vide life of colonel Jones., no. 82, vol. H. a# above.
, . church,
CROMWfeLL FAMILY. 105
church, Oxford*, upon whofe deceafe flie partil
S £ C T» I*
married to doftor Wilkin*, afterwards lord ^-v-w
bifliop of Chefter, whom Ihe furvivedf : by cUkSST«r
the former die had only a daughter, *hd was ciomwei^
' efq.fatherof
married to archbiftvop Tiliotfon j by the latter o**er, *»*
fhe had no iffue: doftorWiikim, itis faid, pC
left her not more than eight or nine hundred
pounds * probably fiie had fome penfioh iflfe-
ingout of fomeecclefiaftk preferments, yrhfch
occafioned Wood, in his Fafti, to fay thw,
« fiie hung upon, and was maintained by the
f. revenues of the church, ta her laft» • This
was owing ^ the tittle attention hi* lordihip
paid to pecuniary matters, even when his
own family was fc nearly concerned*
* Vide fome. particulars of doctor Peier French, and ofr
the family of doctor* Tiilbtlbn, arckbifliop of Canterbury/
tosfott-ift-lrtr, lio. fe^oi. f I, ia the hittorics of feveral
perfonvand families, ice.
t Vide fhort (ketch of doclor Wilkins' life, no. $4,
SECTION
sop MEMOIRS OF TH|
-••.'■' SECTION II.
f£K2lV< . F*om. whajt has been offered we muft credit
SECT. U.
>*S-*-» Milton, whei> he fa^s, that the protestor Oli*
cromwcit, yer * vni ftefcended of an hoiife noble and
»r. proUC". * iiluftrious iv and the author of the unparal-
leled monarch*, that he 'was well born, and
\p{ a noble and ancient extraft *' but we mud
^ifo acquiefce jn what is (kid by father Orleans,
that « though be was weU enough bprn hot to
* be contemptible/ yet c not _fo well as to be
c, fufgefed <rf afpiriog to foteritigiity/
Therefore thofe who pretend that Oliver
was of a mean family, have done it either from
want of better information, or, what is worfe,
with an intention (through party prejudice)
to mifguide.
We may then believe that great mah himfeif,
when he fays, c I was by birth a gentleman i* it
will not be improper to examine how fa* we may
ttuft to his veracity in what follows, c neither
€ living in any confiderable height, nor yet in
* 4 obfeurity,
CaOiltWjfeLrL EAMIItt. i<£
c obfcurity, t have been called to fcveral cm- * a* til
1 SECT. II.
4 ployments in the nation, and to ferve in par- '^r^*0
* lements, and I did endeavour to difcharge cm.
g the duties of an honeft man in tfcofe fer- **.
* vices*/ . >
Hiftorians and biographers have given am-
ple relations of all his a&ions after his becom-
ing eminent as a foldicr; thefe memoirs will
therefore he confuted only until he had figna-
lized himfelf as a commander, before which
time little is known of him, and that rendered
vague and uncertain, from the contradiction
of the relators.
* * ....
It has been abfardly fuppofed that this very
extraordinary perfon's life was fpent in a pen-
feft ina&ivity, or, what is worfe, debauchery i
until the time that men begin to form thoughts
of retiring from the bufy fcenes of life, and
fpending the remainder of their days in eafc and
privacy * when his genius broke out with fuck
radiance as in the end extinguifhed even f*ft»
jcftyitfelf.
* Oliver'* fpeech to kit parltment, feptcmber it, 1654.
Oliver,
«o* MtMOIRS OF?TH£
i a* j lE • OKver, the only fomving fon of mr. Robert
i-^-v-^ Cromwell, of Huntingdon, was born in St.
b^Tweii, John's parifli in that town*, april 25, 1599,
^dproi^ ^ ^^ chrifteried at the fame church the
twenty-ninth of the fame month; he received
his baptifmal name from his uncle and godfa-
ther, fur Qliver Cromwell.
; His father was pxtremely careful of his edu-
cation, and -whet? very young put him under
' * The bbutf in which the protect OUiw iM Wq
i&s been long fiuqe taken down, ejeepf: his birth-chamber,
and the room under it. Mr. Edward Aodley, a draper,
of Huntingdon, and brother to the chancellor of York,
who was the owner of the houfe fome years ago, left it
with "the eftate belonging to it, worth about lool. per
ann. to fuch charitable ufes as his tru flees (hould think
noil beneficial to the public ; who, aY if to reflect upon
CrdmwdU far fob ftwerity to the clergy of the church
pi Brigand, tocorptorajed it for the benefit of clergymen's
widows and orphans. The. rev. mr. Trollop now refides
in it; his daughter, mift Trollop, obligingly' (hewed me
ihe -whole houfe, which affords nothing worthy notice,
xxcep) us being Cromwell's birth place, . and fpnte por-
traits v mr. Holiis .mentions, a three, quarters painting of
'Oliver on the right fide of the chimney-jiiece in the haft,
-and of major Hsaai&n oppoO<e.to it, and a feed oa* of
Cook, upon the flairs- I remember feeing the£rftt hut
not the others; probably they were not pointed out to
t»e, and if not, I ftvpuW have patted Cook, as not know-
>Pg !£$> features.
the
the tuition of the rev. mr. Loag, pf Huntings ^Auia
' •* * S ECS T» Iv
don*i biit foot* -removed hupa xo tbecspq.o£ '^jr^r
do&or Beard, mailer of ths /ree grammar^ cwmwcii/
fchool in that' place, who wa^a very learned tor. prowc*
and fenfible perfont ; what proficiency Oliver
made under this gentleman is very uncertain,
foms fay very great, others fcarce s^ny * j>cr-
haps a mediuiji is neareft truth J. „. ♦. r
He is generally reprefented at this age as of
an Spiring, llubborn, obftipate temper, by
tyhich he incurred the correftion of his 'father^
who was fevere with himy and the flagellation
of do&or Beard, who exceeded, on that ac-
count, the difcipiine ufual to young gentlemen
of his birth and expectations^ "
His enemies alfo paint ihim, at.this time, as
the terror of the neighbourhood, by his dc-
, * fiiographfe Britannica, article, Oliver Cromwell,
t Lives of Oliver, totd proteclon (
i There fecm* moft truth in- what Heath fays in his
ftagellum, that 4 Oliver, when at fchool, had ft* of
• learning, now a hard ftudtnt for a week or two, awi
4 then a truant, or otiofo* for twice as many months ; of
* no fettled cbrifiancyA '
U Fiagelluim
predations
it6 MiMoifcs Of trtfi
r art a. predations upoft orchards and dove hoiilfe**
. SECT. If. •
w-^^ and which they itfagnifyed into the greateft of
Ctomwtu, crimes, but it only ftiews what thotrfand of
i*. pf0Uc" other fprightty bays are, a difpafition prone to
pkyfulnefs and milchicf V
' There arc feveral circumftahces given re-
lating to Oliver, which have been fuppefed
prognofticatilons of his future greatnefs $ they
have a tradition at Huntingdon, that when
king Charles I. (then duke of York) in hi*
journey from Scotland to London, in 1604,
called in his way at Hinchinbrooke-Hovfe,
the feat of fir Oliver Cromwell ; that knight, to
divert the young pirince, fent for his nephew
Oliver, that he, with his own fons, might
play with hi$. royal highnefs ; but they had
not been long together before Charles and
Oliver difagreed, and as the former was then
as weakly as the latter was ftrong, it was no
wonder that the royal vilitant was worfted*
and Oliver, even at this age, fo little regarded
dignity, that he made the royal blood flow in
* Dugdale's thott view of the civil wars in England,
and Heath* Flagellum; the latter fwells thefe puerile
faults to the greateft crimes.
copious
CROMWILL FAMILT. rn
copious ftrearns from the. prince** nofe* this Jg*^ Jt
was looked upon as bad prefage for that king <-^--w
when the civil wars commenced: I give this &«***U
° . lord wot**
only as the report of the place; this fir is »
certain, that Hinchinbroofae-Hoiife,' as being
near Huntingdon, was generally one of the
refting-places when any of the royal fattiily
were going to, or returning from the north
of England, or intb, or from Scbtland; :
It is more certain that Oliver airetfedj ; that
he faw a gigantic figure, which came "sflid"
opened the curtains of his bed, aridrt<M hito
that he flioirtd be the greateft £erfbn'in the
kingdom, but did not mention : the word
king, and though he was told of the folly as*
well as wickednefs of fuch an aflcrtipn, h*
perfifted in it ; for which he was flogged by
doftor Beard, at the particular defire of his1
father; notwithftanding which, he would fome-
times repeat it to his uncle Stewart, who told
him it was traiterous to relate it*.
Whilft
* Some pretend the vifion was fcea by Oliver when he
was walking, the Flagellum gives it a* a dream ; Cromwell
mentioned
ttt MEMOIR'S V3f THE.
w&RTVi 'Whl}& he was rat the, fee? grammar-fchool
skct.il ' ' . f ,. °^ _
at Huntingdon, according rto annual tuttom,
aplay wasva&edj the cpr4iedy,of Lingua was
chofen* 4ind nothing #WQuLdiAtisfy him but
the; part of Ta&us, one aft of which, where a
crqwn and. other regalia are difcovered* part-
icularly, ^e&ed him ^ .
From Huntingdon grammar-fchool he was
removed to Sydney*Suffex college, in Cam-
bridge^ April 2$> i6i>$p,/iLvie bdieve mr.
Hume> c.Jii$: genius was found little fitted for
•the <ahrir and -elegant occupation* of learn-
f ing> and confequent^y he made fmall profit
* ciencies . irv his . iludiesj S and fir William
Dugdale.fays, c he threw himfelf into a diflb*
atioaed it often when he Was in tBe? height of his
j^oty: it certainly » a proof' of the warmth of hu tm*
{nation, .afcd his early ambition,
* Vide tjtt gartUuUr fcene that ftntek Oliver When he
•Aed the part of Taftus, in the comedy of Lingua, letter
G in the proofs and illu ft rations.
<• t Oliver when he was entered at Sydriey-Siiflex college,
Cambridge, was feventeen years of age, within two days*
Vide proofs and illuftrations, letter H#
X Hume's hiftory of England*
» lute
C*<?MWfL£ FAMILY. U3
« lutt aid <Hlhrdcrfy cowrie q-f life, being mbres partis
S ML y£ *» Ila
c famow whilft there for foat-balj, cricket,
c cydgt&og* and wreftjjn& than for fti^ §25*1
* and tang* of a rough and bluftcriag dtfpp- ior. w,w*
'fitton, he acquired the name Qf royfter***
however, as tfrefe gentfeineft are very far f?*>ro
having that impartiality toward? this charter
which *very hiftorian ought, we flMt gro?
them fctfittKfei it is far from beip^ impW"
table that he wa$ fonder-of aftiye wwfeipeqft
than of J wnwg, by t it is , certain, that info*4
of totally, tpgjefting bis ftudie*, th*t his W*
tor,- by; difcoywng ths bent pf hU difpptf*
tion, had eddrefs fuflipiew to pofitafe hint ta
become a proficient in the Utln l^gtWgef * >- *
and mr. Waller allures us, that he had a good
knowledge pi .^Greok and i-atin h#tor*wi
nor n>i»ft it be forgot, that he wer p»tronia?«J
men of toumipg and fcisnee f and tbtf doftor
Mantprj aflfre* ps, that he had a y«ry vaJiwbk
* Sir tViHiata Dugdale's fhort view of the troubles in
togJacd Hfcjtb, ^ -M« FlageHum* corroboaatc^ what
fir William has given ; but he, it is well known, wrote
purpofely to villify Cromwell's ol|m<ftcr. '" • ■
t if arriV* Bit of die pituaot QHver.
VoI.L I and
ii4 MEM6IR808 THE >
pa&til and well-chafitn library* * idlwhich does not
feem to lead us to fuppofc him averfe to
learning, or that he was withotft a competent
lhare of it hirrvfelf, makihg allowance for the
fhort time he remained at college; for fcarce
a (itigle year had elapfed after h» going there*
before his father died, who leaving bim an
(Jftate "-of only about two or three hundred
pounds per amiumf, charged wrth his mo-
ther's jointure, and probably (addled with a
considerable Rim to pay off part of the for-
tunes of his fitters; mrs. Cromwell prudently
determined to take him From the univerfity,
and his extravagant i:urn might, perhaps, con-
tribute to fix her refolvc. % ■' A
% The death of a prudent father was a fevcre
lofs to young Olnrer, for the neceffary feverity
df the parent reftrained, though it could not
conquer the fevity of a youth of ftrong ungo-
vernable paflions ; which bar . being taken
away, he fell into all the diflipation of a
* Harris's life of the proteflor OKver. .
f Mr. Cowley, the poft, is mift*Jteii> vAtfa-hiifo^, that
plivcr had but two hundrec^pounds to hie fortune. .
young
ClOWWELL FAMILY. ai5
young* heir, unheedful of" the wnder intreati?ai *MJ&
SECT. II*
of a good mother; w-^w
Oliver y
«..!,: Cnomwtll, t
• * ioVd pro-
The juice of the grape arid the charms of "ftor.
the fair/ wijh an habit of gaming, are faid to
haveingrofled his mind, inftead of attending to
Coke upon Littleton, and law reports, which he
was^feiu to #udy at Lincoln's Ini\, foot* after
his return from Cambridge \ and thus fays fir
Phifcp Warwick, * the fijrft years of his mah~
c hood were fpent in a diflolute courfe of life,
c and good fello^lp* and gaming/
From the gay .capital he returned a finished
rake to the place of his nativity.* ; here, if we
believt his enemies, he followed, his vicious
coarfes; the taverns were the chief places of
his refklence, but his rude and boHterous be-
haviour prevented his equal* conforting with
him, for he could ill brook contradi&ion at
any time, and much lets now, when he had
not learned, or did not think ir worth while
* Oliver could have been in London only two or three
yeaTS, for he came from Cambridge when little more than
ughwtn'yctrstjf age, and married when about twenty-two,
and he was at Huntingdon fometitne before his marriage.
I 2 tO
n« M«M«IRS OF *«*
partii. to praftice deceit; he was, therefore, ofiliged
SECT. XL . . m
^-^v-^ to take up with lefs creditable companions*;
CtoTweii, who, if they did not fall into his fentiments,
idstot.0"- were Aire to i eel the weight of his ami, and
receive a fevJere difcipline from his uliiai wea-
pon, a quarter ftafF.
This <x>*dfeEfc, fay they, -wttti Forgetting to
pay his reckoning, made him an unwelcome
vifitor, ev^n tethe puWicahaf % nor-wetethe
young women lefs feaififl <bf him, frortt the
rude incivilities tjiey received frem bio*.
Lethreprofefled enemies be credited, and it I
will appearj that he had fto guard whatever
trpon his aftions at this period, neither con-
fidering time, perTon,' or place? he entirely
lefft the low of his worthy godfather and
* Heath lays, hi? booiMtfinpanions were tinker*, pedlars,
and thq like.: Flagellum.
+ Oliver, it .is reported, tfW fo dreaded by the innkeep-
ers, that when they Taw him coming, they would fay, * hcit
4 <omes young Cromwell, Ant qp yx»ur doors.;* and if thr
publicans complained of hard ftfage from their accounts not
being fettled, they had thfir windfiWfi broken for fMiif3^^^
Same author and work*
CROMWELL FAMILY. jvj
nncle, fir Oliver Cromwell,; qche had csrer barti*.
StE C T. IjU
behaved to Wra with the greafcelt ^egaed, and ^-sA*
who had aflifted his education, by having iiinj cl^Uii,'
learnt the poKte accomplishments of daacingi teao£°**
mufic, &c* with has own fons, y$t young OU7
ver could not help indulging his relifh fo$
funt at the riik of his total difpleafure*.
Findiag
* Elenchi motuum nuperorum in Anglia, ab Gcqrgio
Bateo pars- prima.
Sir Oliver w» * worthy knight* loved hoipitaftty, an A
always kept «p ojkbettfont* 3 accorcli»gly,, at dtrittmas^ hi*
doors were thrown open to a-ll» who were not. only feafte.4,
but entertained with mufic, dancing, and the ufual fports of
the age and place, Afmongft the relations and friends of
fir Q£*tr^ came his nepfcew. aad &$K<m» by. invitation, to
partake of the fefiivity of one of tbefc feafons ; bu* he fi>
far forgot himfelf, that to humor a depraved tafte he be-
fmeared his cloaths antf gloves with human 'excrements,
«d aeerofts the matter of mif-mle *, in the frequent turn-
ings of a frifking dance* as well as every other perfcn that .
came in his way, fo that the company con 1(1 fcarce bear the
room from the intolerable fmelk The mafter of mif-rufe
difcovering that our young Oliver was the. offender, he
feifced and ordered him to undergo a fevere ducking in a
pond adjoining to the houfe ; fit Oliver, his uncle, perrait-
ing the fentence to be carried into full execution as a punifh-
• Anciently at all great eajwfiflfi *ue«ste»of^^«hi*w«9
iflfwcwUe in fome nwafure to our mater of theccrtmenies*,
1 3 ment
it8 MEMOIRS OF THE
p Afct a Finding that his expenfive manned of living
s^-v-^w could not be fupported by his -fortunes and
cromweii; that his behaviour had loft him fo valuable a
tor. pl<HC'" friend as his uncle, fir Oliver ; he began, be-
fore he was quite of age, to liften to the ad-
monitions of a fond and venerable mother 5
he fawthe fblly.of having lavished away great
part of his property, and from ideas of this
kind he was naturally led to thofe of a more
material fort; he began to feel a compunction
fpr the crirpes he h^4 committed ; he deter-
mined, therefore, not only to part with his
foibles, but to correft his. manners s his refo-
lution, perhaps, was fudden, whiph made the
reality of his repentance fufpe&edj but from
perfeverance in well-doing, his reformation
became to be looked upon, as it ought to be,
fincere; this recommended him to the notice of
many worthy perfons, and particularly the or-
ment for his dirty behaviour. Perhaps I ought to apolo-
gize for relating fo filthy a tale ; but as this \vvas the occafion
of Oliver's forfeiting his uncles good opinion, I thought
its particular relation could not he difpenfed with. Elenchi
pars prima and Flageflura ; the latter fay$f that this nafty
ftory he hadfecn recounted * by a worthy aftfd learned hand,"
meaning Bates's Elenchi,
thodox
CftQMWELL FAMILY. n9
thodox-clergyj-whofpokeoCthistranfitionfrom partii,
* * SE'CT II
vice ta virtue, as extraordinary j he now at- wnA*
{ended divine femce regularly in his own pa- ' cwweit/
rifti church; renounced his former vicious com- ££ pr<*ec"
panions, and with them his extravagancies*.
/ • ...
This alteration in his conduft won him
many and great friends ; his relations/ the
Hampdens and Barringtons, interefted them-
fclves in his fojrtunes, and by their influence
he obtained an alliance with a lady of the name
Qf Bourchicr, and what was, wanting in per*
fbnal attraction, fhc compenfated for by tlxe
fortune fhe brought him, and by her virtue and
great good fenfe : at the time of this his mar-.
riage he was juft turned twenty-one f; a proof
that his gaiety did not continue but a fhort
time; and his fettling part of his paternal in-
heritance upon her J that he had not (pent it,
as fonne imagine, indeed there was not time
fcarcely for him.
* Various lives of Oliver, lord £ro*e&or.
f Oliver; afterwards prote∨ was born in april, 1599^
and his eldeft child was born in 162 1.
I Vide life of the prote&rcfif, lady to his highnefs Oliver.
, 1 4 Whether*
- 9
i*o MfiMdtRS OP tltfc'
# art ii. Whether he had, exceeding his :&*mM :fo-
S E C T. II ?
<>-v^w COme, 6r from fdme btHe? oauft 'ndw tin-
c^weii, known, is uncertain, but he fchdeatfoured ta
ford protcc- j3fettefr j^ f0i.tune t,y annexing hfc maternal
uncle, fir Thomas Stewart**, eftate to his own ,
even in the life -time of fir Thomas j it is not
iihlikely that he had a&ed of that gentleman
a liberal fbpply, ahfl " finding that by %
' fmobth way of application to hhrt he cbxild
*'n6t prevail, he Endeavoured to lay hold bf
* his eftate, reprefentirtg him as a ptttfon not
* able to govern it* ? wfcieh he did by pttU
tiohing his rtiajetty to griirithim a commifeon
6f lunacy i but th* king difmifled the petition
as ill founded.
This, as might be eipeftid, highly pro-
voked his uncle Stewarts but that gentleman,
through the intreaty of Olive*'! mother, and
his other uncle, fir Oliver Cromwell (who was
now reconciled to him) with the afiiftaace of
fome of the cjergy, not only forgave the in-
jury, but in the end left him heir to his eftate i
k * Sir William Dugdale's fliort view.
the
the-Mrtual amount of whi^ *as betwe^ «^i *Aktif.
. . . , SECT.IL
and ffsre hciiiardd pQUmi«*. ' *>•*-*<
. x Oliver
- • • - ' Oorawcft,
It is dtfteetot* gain the happy medium* !«. *^
from a dcbaiichdi life, Oliver fell by degree*
into another extreme * the ^uickndfs of hia
tranlkion from vkte to virtue, and Che rlgid^
ncfs. of hi* manners* had recommended him
to the notice <jf the four and auftere rt6h*ConA
ibrmifti, ^ particularly their preachers, Wh6
weaned h*m from the eftablifhed church f*
He now took to a ftri&er courfe of life,
which he daily increaftd till his mind'feemed
Wholly bent to religious fubjects * hi* houfe
became the retreat of the perfecuted non^con*
formift t«adier*$, *nd Uiey ihew a building
behind it, which they fay he ere&td for a cha-
* Ihatfe flo where fern in what year this petition of
Oliver agamft his uncle Stewart was prcfettted, aOf when
that geatfemaa died ; we have ;tvery jenfou to ftlppofe, that
it was before Tiis convention to puriunifm, fox it is fcarce ta
bethought of that fo loyal and orthodox a peribtt {hould
have made one of fo oppofite fentiments his heir.
t Various Jives of Oliver lord protector,
? ibid,
pel*
m MEMOIR? OF THE
J art » pel, who? ijifny ,f>f the .difaffiB&e4 Jwd tlirir
V^-^^ religious rites perfprgted^ and in which, inr.
cnNBweiir, Cromwell himfelf fometimes gave them fome
tor. * cdifyi&g fermon*. Fr^mius femi&*ifnti& in
tbeir <ftufc> he was foon looktd/u£on as the
he&d of that intereft in the county ; and 1k
of<e&:ii|t*rqfted himfelf warmly in their behalf;
by attending doftpr Williams* biih^p of Lin-
robvand importunately defiring fpme mitiga-
tion for fuch of the non-conformift preachers,
who had fell into trouble, he regarding them as
fuffering perfecution for confeience fake.
As the nation was extremely diflatisfied with
the court, he, as a champion againft it,obtained
a feat for the borough of Huntingdon, in the
third parlement of king Charles I, which met
January ao, 1628 ** he has been greatly blamed
for the acrimony he {hewed againft popery and
prelacy at this tin&e, but upon a candid exami-
nation, the latter part of the charge at leaft
will not be found truef.
* Ru(hworth*s collections, &c,
t Vide letter I, in the proofs and illufirations,
/ : Upoif
CROMWELL FAMILY. ta3
• Up6n the very impolitic diffolution of this r'Antta
portement, he retired to Huntingdon, and more >^n-L/
than ever efpoufed the caufe of the difaffe&ed j cromweii* *
his overheated enthufiafm difturbed his ipind, tgrr. ptqwo"
dodor Siracott, his phyfician, aflured fir Phi-
lip Warwick, thatmr. Cromwell, his patient,
* was quite a fplenetic, and had fancies* about
' the croft in that town j and that he had been
' called up to him at midnight, and fuch un-
< feafonable hours very many times, upon a
c ftrange phanfy, which made him believe he
c was then dying*.'
It is much to be wondered at, that the mi-
niftry, who muft be. well apprized of his fen-
timents, fhould make him a recorder of Hunt-
ingdon, in the new charter which 4was granted
to that corporation in 1630, joiritfy with Tho-
mas Beard, D. D. (his old mafter) and Robert
Bernard, efqf- and alfo with them a juftice
of peace for that borough J.
* Sir Philip Warwick's memoirs.
t Mr. Bernard was afterwards member of the long par-
lement, and by king Charles II. was created a baronet,
vhofe Ton fir John Bernard became allied to the Cromwell
family ; his defendants are given in no. 2. vol. II*
\ The charter now prererved at Huntingdon.,
Hum-
1*4 MEMOIRS. OF THE
PARTI& ; Huntingdon* howetfer, (09a .becime dUa-
v— v-w graeaMt to hims Jbri4 ttncte, fir Oliver Crom-
c'pL*ur well, was eminently loyal, and he had influence
tpr. enough to Jteep the corporation of Hunting-
don fp likeWife^ which, with lps qyajTel with
dodor Beard for precedency (and as moft fay*
his embarraffed fortune) made him determine
to leaye a pUce in which he faw himfelf
eclipfed in riches by his uncle, and his con*
fequence impeached, even by dodpr Beard**
Whether he was at this» or any former pe-
riod, concerned in the brewing t bufinefs* is
difficult to determine* irnny of his enemies
lampooned him for it in his life-time, but as
Heath f> one of his bittereft enemies, aflures
us, that he never was a brewer, we may, I
think, take his word J*
Be that as it may, he did not think it be-
neath him to commence farmer, at St. Ives,
* Various hiftories of Oliver lord prote&or.
+ Heath's Flagellum.
\ Vide letter K in the proofs and illuft rations, where you '
will meet with fome lampoons upon Cromwell as a brewer.
4 in
CROMWELL FAMILY. 1*5
in Htrntingdonftlre, *wbtrt he went, upon PATtTir*
leaving the place of his birth. ' - : ~ wv-w
» Oliver •
* " Cfbmwel!# *
This mode of living was not faked to his t«r. *****
turn of mind % too much of hid time Was fpent
with his (ervants in prayer ; anil which, whh
his little knowledge of the bufindi he wu
embarked in*, there is reafon to believe,
made him by no means a gainer by die
change of hk condition; this, together per-
haps, with the damp fituation of the place,
(whiefi £d ndt Aiit his constitution) made him
refolve upon leaving St. Ive^t*
It
* Several lives of Oliver, lord proteclor, particularly
Heath's Fkgelraia, who pretends that the'fervants were hoc
fem into the field HU nine «*io*k in the jamming,, and de-
tained after dinner very late to hear a market k&ure re-
tailed ; and that thefe religious fervants, to make up for
the loft time, played at cards inftead of plowing, and other
bufinefles they were to have been «*pioy'ed in : card play-
ing and praying do not fetna to accord. Head*, here, is
aateaAfiJtart.
t The clerk of the parifh of St. Ives, who is a very in-
telligent old man, and much fuperior to his ftarion [having
been bred an attorney) told me that he had been informed
by old perfons, who knew rar. Cromwell vhen.be, refided
at St. Ives, that he ufoally frequented divine fervice at;
church,
i%& ;MEM0IR6: OF TH« *
fa*t it; r It mvfk Apt be forgot, that whilft he refitted
here, he feemed more thai) ever to be tbuched
in his confcience for feveral of his vicious
c&urft*, dnd particularly gaming, declining
hiswiUwgflefs to return any one the money
he ha4 won from them * -^nd he actually did
fo to a mr. Calton, whom accidentally not-
ing, he de&red him to go to Jus houfe,
where ; he paid -him thirty* pounds, which
nor. Calton h^d formerly loft tp him, faying,
he had obtained it in iin unlawful mwwr,
and therefore could not, without flnm»g>
detain it longer *.
He probably quitted St. Ives with fome
relu&ance* as he feems to have been well
efteemed here, «nd to have .formed fame
friendfhips, which he remembered with plea-
. * ■ ... .
church* and that he generally camowkh a piece of ted flan-
nel round his neck, as he was fubje& to an inflammation in
his throat. — I was in hopes of obtaining fome information
from the regifter of St. Ives, refpe&ing the prote&or.Oli-
ver s family, but though extremely well kept, nothing is to
be difcovered there relating to him.
*. Heath VFlageilum.
fure
dRO&I WELL FAMILY. i*7c
fin* when he" became » fovereign?: he alfo. vaktit?
SECT. H*i
Appears to We regularly attended the pttblic> ^^J
wbrihip of the cft*bKfhed,<ihufd**t; j but there c^««r >
is fome rtefcn to fulj>e& that he was by no i". fffW,-»
means pleafedwith the <:fergjr$;(he l&eitfife?
*wrt very aSive in attending to the pariflv
aflairs, whflft heftaid at this placed <** * *
- 'After a refidenc* of aboat five years at St.
Ives, he difpofed of his lekfe1 arid wtent '■ ta*
Huntingdon again, I fhould fuppofe, the lat-
£e* eifd bf the year i6j6> as he hidackUd
baptized there in february, 1636-7 §# ; ' ' *
-•In -the fdftbwingyear (1638) he foftremi-
oufiy oppofed the fcheme of draining theferiS
of Lincolnflure, and the Hie of Ely, which
* A gentleman in Huntingdonfhire acquainted me, that
he' had feen feverif fetterr written from Olivet Cromwell^
wkeh lord iptfm&ar+tQ fopa of the ^townfmeti of St. :I»esi
and in a, very-faim)iac fty le.
' + Vide the laft note but two. ..
- *A \^c ^ettcr *« in die proofs and iUu ft rations,
I) Vide letter M in the proofs, &c.
$ Quiver* th* ptottclor, lias left fcveral memorials of hhn-
{eUat&,.lv«H /Yi&ktter.Ninthe proofs and ilhxft ration*.
- •! ,'< were
pakth. wete waderokw by the .caritff Bedfefct and
w-v-w^ other** wider the jpqy^l &ji&tQp* that by -hi*
cjTmwdi, pkufibility, a&ivitf, ^Anter^W the -am*"
m i**«- .^g ^j ^ Hji»«ftg#oa, he.QbJiged the psro-
piietors to drop their irflepjiflsJij .ftfld thm*gk
the ftheipe w«*s yiffly. fccpefiti^ :|p . : the cpi^-
try, yet, as it; was .egtroffleiy unpopular (ffiff-;
ticularly amongft the commonality) it gained
hm> * v*ft acce/Ro* ef friead*, a&A grpctuned
hiip *hp titf e pf f J*pr£ pf *hf Jteft/
,As tftf ftjWTQ^b^ ftill r#maifted^fci**d|fc
Huntingdon di%re^M>^ tp tem, fcp *s>t oaljp
detennined to leave that town, but even his
native country it&iff to *&jor *H» Hbarty of
eonfcience wh^h was denied tyro i&his pii$«
With this defign he went to London, and
embarked with, many ©the* : gentlemen of
fafhiod, feveral of whom were «£ far better
fortune than himfelf, particularly his coufifr
Hampden*, in order to fail for New England,
in
* Sir Matthew fioyntan, fir Witiiam CpnlUblt, fij» Ar-
thur Haflcrigge, tkeptfriot Hunpdctf, with im*al otfeefcs*
CROMWELL FAMILY. xag
in "America^ which was therC the retreat: of fartii.
sect. n.
the difaffeetcd and perftcutqd nonconformifts, x w^^
where they found a fhplter from archbifhOp cromweii,
Iqt4 prater
Laud's impolitic and cruel feverity. . tor.
But his intention of leaving the kingdom
was prevented by the government, * which was
jealous' at fo many fubje&s trahfplanting them-
felves ; a proclamation was therefore fet forth,
forbidding any to leave the ifland without a
royal licence $ and as this was found ineffici-
ent, an order of council was fet forth, com-
manding ' the lord treasurer to take fpeedy
f andeffe&ual cotirfe for the ftay of eight Ihips,
1 then in the river of Thames, prepared to go
c to New England/ and c for putting on land
c all the paffengers and provifions therein, in-
< tended for the voyage :' in one of thefe vefr
fels was mr. Cromwell, with all his family,
who with him was obliged t6 difembark*.
kid a&ually embarked for New England,' and the lords
Brooke and Say and Seal bad made preparations to banifli
themfelvcs there,
* Lilly pretends it was becaufe of his uncle Stewart's
death, by which he came to a good eftatc.
Vol. I, K Difop-
t3a MtMOlRS OF THE
i art it Di&ppointed in his intentions, he retired to
sect. n. rr
^^v-*^ his native county, and refided at one of the
dromweit, eftates his uncle Stewart had left him, in the ifle
lord protec-
tor, of Ely, but at what particular place it is now
difficult, perhaps, impoffible to determine**
Whilft he was in the ifle he was at the
higheft pitch of enthufiafm * his mind difen-
gaged from every thing but religious melan-
cholly; heightened by diffatisfadkion to both
the religious and civil eftablifhmcnts of the
kingdom, and conftantly refle&ing upon fome
difappointments in his fortunes, reridered him
gloomy to the extreme * the foibles ^df his
youth weire fwelled by his imagination into
the greateft of crimes V in a letter to rors, St.
John, his coufin, dated Ely* the $ $tfi fcf o&o^
ber> 1639, he thus exprefles his cornpgfi&km
* The country people in Haattingdon and Gambridffe-
(hire have an idea of the proteclor Oliver having refided at
a great number of places in thofe counties, as the city. of*
Ely, Fordham, Outwelt* ail in the laft county, befides many
others ;. but there is no reafon to fuppofe that he ever lived
* '.at any of them, for after many enquiries made at tnofe
flaees, there was nothing difcovered to ground evcafuch a-
foppofition upo». *
for
fcROM-WEH FAMHY. ?jgt
for hi* fortn<* offences, 'Yoit-kipo* *M f**rg.
c my man&er of ii& hath beea> Q 1 I lived ia>
c aad loved darknefe, a$d h»«4, the, tight j J c^^
c was a -chief, tbp. staff of fmr^r.ryrhi* ;ip tfH'^T
c true, I hated gpdJioefo yet Gp$ ha£ 19^97
con qieV ,,' ^1
In 1640* king Charles called a^wtemeat *0
affift him witfcinwey;; bfW they^atfitf wifck*g
to ottfam a re&efclbr «vuxy,r$*Ji. &fld.f<tm»
fuppafed graetfjpefs, ihp roii&kett ttimNtfsh
diffolved them, in hopes of .trt^oiqg tnodojf
fome other way than contending with fo angry
an ^fiemblyj but no: fi>oocr wei^'they 4if-
* Harm s life «f CHfcrer CtonnMtt. ^Tim letter J !tUi&
fuflicient, to evince that th* ^protcftpr w^iifl ^s.yoirilr de*
bauched, arid we have the, greateft reafon to believe this^
becaufe Carrington, in hfcifciftory of tMivirf detfkcitda fd
his highnefs Richard, wholly paffes over the former part of
his life, a& knawin# it *oxJ-<:ulj>*&U W bftjpkQung te his foa
to hear of; it would, however, be doing an injury to Oli-
vers memory, not to' obferve, that the * wortny ancTcurioutf
mr» Edwasd Wittm\ of fftuitiagddftj aeqt*iiimd Ti* Jamef
Barrow, that * they had no traces in that neighbourhood
* of Oliver** having led a diffolute life i\ but really they are
exceedingly ignorant of every thing refpecling their great
tewnfman.* ....,;.:.:-:.'-
& a miiTed,
>*t MEMOIRS OF THE
*JUm. miffed, than he was obliged, in the fame
SECT. II*
v^v-^w year, to call another parkment, in both of
cro*wpiit which Oliver obtained a feat, as member for the
•or. **""" city of Cambridge, in opposition to counfellot
Mewtis, who had been one of their reprefen-
tatives in all the parlements of king Charles j
the corporation were highly pleafed with him,
on account of hi* oppofing the draining the
fens, which they had fet themfelves againft;
and Dugdale fjays, he had fome fhort time re-
fided* at Cambridge, before his ele&ion, but
it is not probable.
It has been fuppofcd that he obtained his
laft ele&ion by artifice ; but it carries many
improbabilities with it : however, for the fa-
tisfaftion of the reader, the whole occurrence
is given in another place f.
I have now ufiiered this celebrated man
into the ever-memorable Long Parlement,
which did the nation more injury by their
* Sug4ak' s Cbort view.
t Vide letter O in the proofs sad Uluftrations,
ambition,
CROMWELL- FAMILY. i3S
ambition, bigotry, and tyranny, than the king pa&tii.
had done by his. v-^v-w
OUver
Cromwell,
It will not be improper to take a varied |£d Protcc-
view of Oliver at this time, to examine how
far he might be fuppofed capable of making ,
a ihining figure in fo auguft an aflembly.
He was in the middle age of life, the moft
proper for deliberation, though not, perhaps,
for a&ion ; his judgment and capacity tvere
certainly great, but fo were very many then in
the houfe.
His eftate, if we believe many, was either en- -
tirely loft by extravagance, or greatly impaired ;
it might, indeed, be fomewhat leffened, yet we
can venture to fay, it was not fo much fo as
has been generally fuppofed 5 but then at the
beft of times it was but an inconfiderable in-
heritance for a man who fet up himfelf as a
leader of a party in a great nation, and a very
trifle when compared to what the generality of
the members then in the houfe enjoyed*,
*^i<Je letter P in the proofs and illuflrations.
K^ It
'34
PART II.
SECT. II.
Oliver
Cromwell,
Id. protect.
MfcMOlfcS OF THE
If we look to his advantages as a gentle-
man, we fhall fee ftill a greater difproportwn
between him and molt of the members of the
houfe of commons ; inftead of 'being verfed
in the living and dead languages, his learn-
ing extended only to a moderate knowledge
of the latin * ; fo far from knowing foreign
interefts, and the courts and difpofitions of
the princes upon the continent, as many did,
he was never out of his native kingdo*m, nor
fcarce his own county; he had been only one
year at the univerfity, and he rdided but a
ihprt time in the capital, and both before his
arrival to man's eftate, except when he went
to die latter to embark for America* It is
probable that he never was at court, nor never
in an/ but a few days parlement, fo that he
* It has been faid, that the proteftor Oliver Jbad even
forgot the little latin he learnt at fchool ; but as a proof to
the contrary, I find, that in a letter from Beveling to Jonge-
flail, at the Hague, dated 2 2, IS, Aug. 1653* ^e *ZY*9
that laft faturday * I had a difcourfe with his excellency
■* Cromwell above two hours, being without any body pre-
4 fent with us. His -excellency fpoke his own language fo
* diftinilly, that I could anfwer him. He (Cromwell) an-
*fwcred*gak in latin.' tt^
could
CROMWELL FAMILY. ,3S
« could know little or nothing of the 'ways of partii.
• i i i ' ' r , i n / sect, it
|j either, and not much of the characters of the >^^<~*~>
leading men, either of the court or country cromweii,
lord proiec-
party. %or;
\
In his perfon, though manly, he did not'
poflefs any of thofe elegancies, thofe bewitch-
ing graces, which fo captivate regard and com-
mand refpeit, and which is only to be acquired
by a long and familiar acquaintance with per*
Ions of the firft rank.
Inftead of the eloquence of a Demofthenes^
he had not the fmalleft pretenfion to rhetoric i
in his addref? he was confufed and unintel-
ligible.
His drefs was far from attra&ing refpedbj
lie rather engaged the attention of the houfe
by aflovenly habit; his cloaths were ill made,
entirely" out of falhion^ the work of an ordi-
nary country taylor, and jio part of his drefs
of the belt materials*.
* Vjcjc letter Q in the proof* and illuibations, in which
*re two fine drawn pi&nres of Oliver, at his firft appearance
iothclo^parkment.
!3« MEMOIRS OP THE
part ii. With all thefe difadvantages one would
SECT. II. D
s-^n^w fuppofe he was very unlikely to become a
cromwcii, principal perfon in the fenate, and ftill left its
lord protec- r
m. % future lovereign. _... •
k muft, however, be obferved, that as one
of the patriotic phalanx, under his eoufin
Hampden, he was certainly, at his firft enter-
ing the houfe, of great confequence, as that
intereft was formidable from the ability and
riches of its members, their afperity to the
court under whom they had fmarted in the
caufe of liberty, which endeared them to the
people at large, and which, with the near re-
latibnihip of many of them, bound them to-
gether in indiffoluble bonds,
Subtrafted however from this, he foon com-
manded the attention of the houfe by the
depth of his arguments, though delivered
without grace, eloquence, or even clearnefs**
and he gradually rofe inthe favour of the houfe,
and overcame all his difadvantages by his pe-
hetration, unwearied diligence, courage, per-
* Vide -letter R in the proof* and ill uft rati Aw.
feverance.
dROMWELL FAMILY. , 137
fevrerance, by accommodating himfelf to the par Tit.
S EC T II*
difpofitions of the different perfons of his own ^>>^L,
party, and difcovering the tempers of all, and cwm^u.
by even not negle&ing to copy the drefs and Z. pr9iec"
behaviour of the molt graceful and refined**
A man of his deep penetration, muft per-
ceive that the national liberty was wounded,
and perhaps, from his melancholly reflections,
might look upon them as deftroyed : in his
religious fentiments undoubtedly he was a
flaming, puritanic bigot; loud againft the
Laudeans, the name of popery, if not prelacy*
was to him as obnoxious as thofe of puritan,
and lay-preaching, to the head-ftrong, impp-
litic, and unfortunate Laud ; he was as violent
againft the decent ceremonies of the church*
as the latter was anxious to graft upon them
many of the idle ones of the church of Rome $
his fincerity at this time might be equal to
his zeal, for certainly he now looked upon
himfelf as a chofen veffelf.
Probably
* Vide later S in the proof* and illuftrations,
•t Oliver had not come to any fettled principles in reli-
gion, at- lead church government ; nor fixed upon what
conceffion
jtf *:ME>fcb'*RS OF tfH'E
part it ,/ Probably at this time he few, with his coufin
sect, ni
v-^oC; Hampden, that a civil war muft decide between
cnm&tM, prerogative and liberty, and determined the
w^otec-. part he fhould take; but if he formed any
afpiring views they muft have been very con-
fined, he could never dream of attaining the
command of the army, much lefs that of the
kingdoms.
The unhappy 1642 was the commencement
of this fatal quarrel between king Charles and
his parlement, owing to the infincerity of
both ; when (through the ' interefl: of mr,
Hampden) he obtained a commifiion from
the parlement to raife a troop of horfe ; which
he found no difficulty in doing, in his owij
county of Huntingdon.
J-Je firft ferved under fir Philip Stapleton*
and was in the battle of Edge-hiU i in the -fol-
lowing year (jl 643) he obtained a colonel's
commiffion, and almoft immediately after wa$
conceflion the court (hould make, refpe&ing religion at this
time ; for he (aid, in a converfation between him and fir
Thoma6 Chickley, and fir Philip Warwick, upon that fubr
je&, « I can tell you, firs, what I would not hav«, though
? cannot tell what I would,1
appointee}
CUOMWELL FAMILY. m
appointed lieutenant-general to the. earl of part 11.
Manchefter, for the fervices he. had per- * — v-^
formed 5 fo rapidly did he rife in the army, cmwen,
though before unacquainted with arms. . ror. pr°lcc"
His relief of Gainfborough, in this year,
it was that laid the foundation for his future
great fortunes*.
His antipathy to his fovereign for his ty-
ranny was probably greatly heightened by the
perfonal difobligations he received from him fi
fo that at the firft fetting out in the army he
openly confefled the little refpeft he bore his
majefty £, and which was well known to archbi-
fhop Williams, who recommended to the king,
to fecure him by fdmefignal favor $ but if riot,
to take him off by violence; his majefty was
confcious of the propriety of what the arch-
bifhop recommended j for though at the time
he only fmiled, yet afterwards he was heard
to fay, x I would that fome would do me the
* Vide letter T in the proofs and illuftratiOns.
t Vide letter V in the proofs and illuftratibns.
£ Vide letter W in theproofr and iJtaftwukww*
* good
,4o MEMOIRS OF THt
partii- • good fervice to bring Cromwell to me alive
SECT. II. ° ,
s^^^ € or dead*.
Olivnr
CfomweH,
ford protcc. Under Fairfax* he Was the great movement
of a vi&orious army, and which muft in the
end give laws to the kingdom; his narrow
principles of religion had now little more than
the mafk remaining * for that, with his patri-
otifm, was loft in his own private ambition ;
and, to a mind fo afpiring as his, it was
impoffibje to fet down again the private
gentleman, when honours and great emolu-
ments were at his command, and courted his
acceptance.
His ambition was not yet boundlefs, he
had probably fet a certain mark to his bounds,
the arriving at which would entirely have fa-
tisfied him, and he would in return have been,
no doubt, as firm a friend to the ruined mo-
narch, as he had been a formidable foe.
The utmoft of his wifh, it is faid, was at
one time, to have been created earl of Effex,
* Bi&op Hacket't life of irefcbifhop Williams.
4 honored
^
CROMWELL FAMILY. 141
honored with the garter, made firft captain of part ill
* # S £ C T. I F»
the guards, and declared vicar- gfeneral of the c^*~
kingdom; and though the demands may feem cromwcii,
extravagant, yet when his fituation is confi- J£. **°^c"
dered, and that his name-fake and relation,
from the meaneft fituation, had ftill born more
thart thefe under fo great a fovereign as Henry
VIII. it will not be thought that he was fo un-
reasonable in his propofals*. Had not Monk
been bribed with a dukedom, a revenue, and
the garter, the reftoration might never have
taken place, and yet the moft impartial mud
give Cromwell the preference in every point,
honor and honefty not excepted.
But the unfortunate monarch, whofe mind
was unfettled, wavering, diftruftful, and, infin-
ccre, inftead of doling with terms which could'
only fave his crown, his life, and the conftitu- .
tion, endeavoured by artifice, firft to amufe,
and then to ruin him ; but Cromwell, to whom
nothing, how fecret foever, was unknown, ex-
* It was the lefs unrcafonable in Oliver to afk the above
condition*, as, in 1645, in the debate about the proposition?
for peace, the parlement voted, that he fliould be created a
baron, and have 2500L per ann. fettled upon him.
colled
<4* MEMOIRS OF THE
sect! il celled him as much in policy as he did then iit
real power; yielded, though with fome relink*
Oliver
cwm^rcii; ance at firft, to fecurc his own life, by the &»'
**• . cnficeof thatofhis fovcreign*.
His hypocrify to the public, and jocularity
throughout the dreadful tragedy of the king's
c The life of Oliver Cromwell* fays, that Cromwell
has undergone much unmerited cenfure refpecling th« king*
death, and that it was not in his power to prevent il ; aad,
that without rifldng his own, he could not fave the king V.
It muft be remembered that, at this time, Cromwell could
have formed no idea of ever pofleffing the fovereign power,"
and would have been happy to have cfafeil .with Ms toiajcfty,
liad he been fincerc, and could. have done it with fafcty t&
himfelf, by not riflcing the hatred of the army ; for it ap-
pears, that they were fo jealous of him, that he durft not be
feen with, or permit any one to come to him from the king ;
but at this time he averred, * he would ferve the king as long1
' as he could do it without his own ruin ; but honeftly de*
• dared, that it muft not be expecled that he would perifh
* for his fake.V After this it was, that Oliver difcovered
the king's infincerity, in a letter to tlie queen, in which h«
faid he was courted by both parties, but would aloft with
thofe that offered the beft terms. This was highly unge-
nerous, when he had pledged his honor to the army. He
■■■ didworfe; he declared, in a letter to his qpeea, that it
would- be eaGer to take off Cromwell^ When he had agreed
with -the ftarlement, than now he wa* at tlie. head -of the
army—all this Oliver knew.
1 trial
CROMWELL FAMILY. .143
trial and cxecui&oh (thoiigh \gneat pa^tof it partii.
was forced, and only a cover to -hide the pertur- >^~^
bation of his mind within*) gives greater pain Cromveii,
_ lord proi£dp
than the a&ion itfelt Thete might be. the pri- tor.
mary principle of nature, felf-defence, inputting
the king to deaths to plead in his juftificatian^
at lead extenuation* but none to indulge m
vein of mirth and pkafentry in the misfortunes
tf any one, particularly a perfon of fo high a
dignity, and wha ftood in fb facred a relation*
ihip to him as his fovereigrif. -* * ?
After
* Sir Porbock Temple, one who was narafd a com?-
toiflkmer to try king Charles I. but refufed to a&, gave in
evidence upon the trial of Harry Marten, one of the regi-
cides, that hiding himfelffoas to fee and hear what way
tranfa&ing in the painted chamber, where the coramifli oners
of the high court of jufiice were affembled to contrive how
they fhould regulate their novel proceedings \ that whew
news was brought that the king was lauded at fir Robert
Cotton's flairs, Cromwell ran to the window to view hi*
majefty as he came up to the garden, but returned at white
as the wall.
t Cromwell, during the laft fcenes of the kings life,
talked jeftingly and a&ed huffoonry, and this too when he
Was profefliog himfelf only guided by Providence ; and la-
menting the condition of his fovereign, whofe mifcrable fate
he was fixing. From the trials of the regicides we find
that
*44 MEMOIRS OF THE
mct.il Afw thc tra»ic dcath of '** monarch, by
^£T* an arcful manag«ment, he drove his matters
cromwcii, . and employers, the parlement, from the fove-
*r. reigaty, into which he ftept, and governed
thefe nations, with an appfeufe that wanted
qnljr legality to give it the greateft praife, as
well from thc honor he procured the britifh
name throughout the world, as from his dik
intcrcftednefs m the domeftic adminiftration,
as far as was confident with his, qwj* fafety and
the temper of the times, .
The reader, I flatter myfclf, will excufe my
having been fo particular in giving the former
part of this great man's life, as it i$ in general
that « he laughed, finiled, and jeered, in the court of Ward*'
during the trial ; and when he figned the warrant for the
execution with his pen, he marked Harry Marten's face, and
Marten returned the compliment. Some fay, that he went
to feaft his eyes upon the murdered king* put his finger tQ
the neck, to feel whether it was entirely fevered, and view-
ing the infide of the body, obferved how found it was, and
how well made for longevity. There was no excufe for
this ; yet did he before, during the, trial and execution,
mock his maker by hypocritical prayers % and at thofe times,
and after, would fixed tears for his matter's unhappy fitu*
ation and dcath.
c
w
CROMWELL FAMILY. 145
is little known as the latter part of it is uni- *a*tij.
r SECT. II.
verfally fo ; it was the more neceffary, as Pa- >-f*^w
padopoli,' aftd fome other foreign writers fay, oromweif;
Jogjd protec-
that he fpent many years abroad, and Rapin, tor. .
that it is not known how he fpent his time be-
fore he was thirty-five years of age ; on the con-
trary, I have fufficiently fhewn, he was never
fd riluch as ohce otft of the kingdom till
after the civil War broke out, arid have given
his hiftory till that time, as ftrtl as it is con-
fiftent with the privacy of a country gen-
tleman*
He 'was elefted prote£tor december it%
*&S3*> and inaugurated again with more ftate,
jtine 10, 1657 f; and. died peaceably in Tiis
bed (worn out by exfcetfive fatigue of mind
and body, by grtef for domeftic misfortunes,
and his load of debts) at his palace bf White-
hall, upon his aufpicious feptember 3, 1658 j
and was buried with more than ifcgai pomp,
* Vide letter W in tie proofs and illufirations*'
t Vide X in the fame.
Voi.L L m
»*6 MEMOIRS OF THE.
pa Aft n. in the fqwikhure of eui n&qaa*<;h$** fifom
^k^ whence, at the rdforafton, His t|o£y vu
Sfeif, dragged t<* and e*pated» upon t|he gattew$ at
teAoi^ Tyburn, the trunk thrown iiMio an hot* beneath
-it, and his. head fet upon a pole at Weftmia-
Jtar-HalL
The friends of this moft vi&orious general,
and greatdl fovercaga of Ew*>p<?> in t&e age
in< which he Irred, wHl n«t bfltijeve t&tt his
enemies had the barbarous fatigfeftioi* of pat*
ting indignities upon his corpfe; byt their
regard to his memory has made them blind
toicooviftiont* .
It was formerly a matter of difpute* whether
this, ilkftrious chara&er was a faint or an hy-
pocritej. is it is at prefent, whether c he moft
< deferved an halter or a, qr&wn»' time has un-
ravelled the faenth * we rmaft neither join with
Dawhefty, who drew a parallel between Mofes,
* Vide the funeral proceflion of the proteftor Oliver,
letter Y in the proofs and illuftrations.
f Vide letter Z in the proofs apdilluft ration 3.
the
CROMWELL #AMILV. *#
the man of God, and Oliver the prote&or*; *artil
. r sect: it
nor, wkh thf grave- do&or Echartf, believe ^-~
colonel Lindfey, that his highnefs fold hiiiilelf crbmveit,
to the devil, though he avers that he faw the 'cftor*
Column contraft made, and specifies both time .
and placed ; it woyld, hpwever, be prefinxip-
tion
* Dawbeny's parallel between Ojivf r lord prote&qr, &c.
and Modes, the man pf Go^.
t Dr. Echart's hiftory of England*
J Anthony a Wood, a red hot loyalift, no doubt gava-
credit to. this extraordinary bargain, for* in his journal* h*
lays, « Auguft 30, 1658, monday, a terrible raging wiad
4 happened, which did much damafb; /Dennis Bond, a,
• great Qliverian, and anti-monarchift£ died on tha$ dayt
• and then the devil took Bond for OUytr's, appearance ;'
in another of his jvorks^ the reafon he tjEgns fpr Boad'i
death is, becaufe Oliver was, not then prepared, fo gave this
gentleman for his appearance. In his journal, he adds, fep-
tember3, Oliver Cromwell, the protector, died, • this I fet
4 down, becaufe fopoe writers tell as, that he was hurried away
• in the. wind before mentioned. * Lord Clarendon, who with
certainty affign* Oliver to eternal perdition, might fuppofe,
that his fatanic majefty.fcnt this high wind for his friend
Noil, as, according to him, it happened on feptember 3,
inftead of auguft. 30. -Oliver's admirers have likewife re-
prefented this wind as coming to ufher hjfn into" the other
world, but for a very different reafon. This will {hew how
far party zeal will carry men ; and as fo fair an opportunity
offers, I cannpt but notice that the fame extravagancies bave
* L 2 x been
148 MEMOIRS OF THE
part ii. tion in mc to attempt to fix the limits betweeft
SECT* II
the ideas of thefc writers, perhaps it is better
fettled
been ufed refpeclihg the character of king Charles I. as to-
wards that of Oliver* Charles was a prince of great fail-
ings, yet pofleffed man? very exalted virtues; out, like
Cromwell, he has been blamed and . praifed beyond all
bounds ; he has been called the greateft tyrant of England,
not excepting Richard III. and Henry VIII. and trie author
of Nonfuch Charles compares him to' Nero : on the con-
trary* general Digby, in a letter to the duke of Ormond,
thus fpeaks of his death ; ' From the creation of the world,
* Id the accurfed day of this damnable murder* nothing pa-
* jallel to it was ever heard of; even the crucifying our
* blefied Saviour, if we corifider him only in human nature,
4 did nothing equaMt/ Bifhop Down nas exceeded his
lordlhip in the vehemence of expreffion, not to fayV thf-
phemy. • The perfori now murdered,' fays that prelate,
* was not the lord of glory, but a glorious lord, Chrifts
* own vicar, his lieutenant, and vicegerent here on earth.
4 Albeit, he was inferior to Chrift, as man is to God, yet
' was his privilege of inviolability far more clear than was
* ChrilVs, for Chrift Was not a temporal prince, hisiirig-
4 dom was not of this world* and therefore, when he vouch-
' fafed to come into this world, and to become the fon of
* man, he did fubject himfelf to tne law ; But our gracious
* fovereign was well known to be a temporal prince, a free
* monarch* to whom they did all owe arid had (worn alle*
4 giance. The ffcrlement is the great council, andfath
* ailed all and more again ft their lord and fovereign, thai)
4 the other did againft Chrift, The ptQceedings againft
CROMWELL FAMILY. 149
fettled in the following ihara&er of him than pa&tit.
SECT.it.
in any other. . s^v-^
Oliver
Cromwell,
* Oliver Cromwell was of a robuft make and ferd Protce*
tor*
c confutation, and his afpeft manly, though
€ jclownMh*. His education extended no fur-
* ther than a fuperficial knowledge of the latin
' tongue, but he inherited great talents from
4 nature * though they were fuch as he could not
4 have exerted to adyantage at any jundfcure than
c that of a civil war, inflame4 by religious
* contefts. His character was formed from an
€ ^mazing cqnjuij&ion of enthufiafm, hypo-
4 oar fbvereign were more illegal, and in many things more
* cruel/ Rheefe, or (a* he. chofe to call himfelf) Arife
Evans, a Welph prophet, gqes further, for he declares
Charles to partake of C*hri(V$ divinity, and fay s? that a*
€hrift was not actually a temporal king, all rightcoufnefs
was not completed, but in the dtea'rV of this'raiferable king,
but like his contemporary and antagjonift Lilly, he was a
falfe prophet ; the former, as a loyalift, votes foi Charley
the fecond's reftoration, becaufe, as he declares, that pious
prince would concert the Jews to chriftianity ; and the latter,
as a republican, prophefied, thajt th^ere would be no. more
kings in Britain. Charles would have been juftly. offended,
had any dared to fiken him or his. fufferings to dgofe of hi*
favours. " 'z -'i * z ?
* Vide letters A4> in the p/ook afid illuftrations,
Lj ccrify*
i5o . MEMOIRS OF THE
part if. € crify, arid ambition. He was riofleffed of
SECT. II.
s-^-w € courage and refolution that overlooked all
cromwcii, ( dangers, and faw no difficulties. He dived
tor. prolec" ( into the chara&ers of mankind with wohder-
4 ful fagacity, whilft he concealed his cifrn pur-
.* poles under the impenetrable fhleld of dilfe-
* mulation. He reconciled the moft afcrdcious
€ crimes to the mod rigid notions of religious
€ obligations. From the feVereft exercife of
^xlevdtion, he relaxed int6 the moft ludicrous
* and idfe buffdonry. He pfreferved the dignity
* and diftarnce of his character in thje midft of
f the courfeft familiarity. He Vas cruel and ty-
c rannic from policy, juft and temperate from
* inclination*, perplexed and defpicable in his
* difcourfe, clear and confummate in his defigns,
* ridiculous in his reveries, refpedbtble in his
( condjjft i in a word, the ftrangeft compound
* Mr. John Maidftone, in a letter to John Winthorpe»
eTq. governor of the colony of Connecticut, in New Eng-
land, dated from \Veftminfter, march 24, 1659, fpeaking
of the proteclor Oliver, fays, 4 he Vas naturally companion-
' ate, towards objecls of diftrefs, even to an effeminate mea-
* fure, though God had made him an heart wherein Yras
* refrlittle*f 00m fyr any fears, but what was due from him-
* felf, of which there was a large proportion, yet did he
* exceed in teoderxlejs towards ftifferers.'
CROMWELL FAMILY. i<H
'of villainy and virtue, ba&nefc and magna- paryii.
SBC.T. II, ■
c nimity, abfurdity and good ienie, tfeat wc w**«w
' find upon record m the ajfcnals of iftattkind*.* ooVwdi,
lord proteo
- . tor.
We have few piftSrft, 4ms* fliahy engrav-
ings <>f Oliver, a particular aecbuWt of thte
latter is to be found in another part of 13m ;
workf.
The proteftor Oliver married Elizabeth, Eiitabetii,
r m wifeofOli-
daughter offir James Bourchier, of Felfted J, in ▼«> ^
Eflbtyknt. foh of Thomas Bburchier, by Elisa-
beth, daughter of James Morley, of Londonfl.
She
* Smollet'shiftoryof England— -Smollet was a good painter
of the minds of men ; but, as he was known to have no fmall
attachment to (he high prerogative, we may fuppofe, he has
not been partial to Cromwell. Vide letters BB in th$
proofs and illuftrations,
f Vide letters CC in the proofs and illuftrations. '
\ l)r. Nam, in his WorccftcrLhire, ftiles fir James Bour-
thier, of Little Stambridge, in Eficx.
"B Elizabeth, the wife of Thomas Bowchier, furviving
him, re-married to William Seabright, of Blackhall, in the
parifh of Wolverley, in Worcefterfliire, town-clArk of Lon-
don, 16 Eli z. and with great honor acquired a very affluent
fortune, Abingdon fpeaks tjms of him, « he was the lov-
L 4 .* »»S
152 MEMOIRS OF THE
part ii. She is always reprefented as defcended from
SECT II L
s^' the eajrls of Eflex of that name, but t})is is fp
SfctTcSi- ^ar. ^rPm b^nS A? qafo Aat Sylyapus Mprgan
JStea«. acquaints us, that fir James was of fo new a'
family, that he had his opat of arms grafted
to him in odober, 1610, viz. fable, tbfee
qpnces paffant in pa|e, or, fppttfd*i this
may be the reafon why the protectorefs* arm?
are never feen with her hufband's, either
qpon Jus great pf privy feaj, though upon the
latter are his own arms, with njany quarter-
ingSi they were, however, upon the efcut-
cheons ufed at the protedor Oliver's funeral tt
' • *" * The
' c ing father of the poor of WqlvcrclQW and thf neighbour*
* ing pari Axes, whofe' large gifts are recorded on a tabje 01^
c the north ifle of Wolverley church/ This Seabright was
of the family of the baronet Seabright ; he had no child
by either, by this Elizabeth, or by a former wife. Dr.
Nalh's hiftory of Worccfterflnre.
* Morgan's fphere of gentry, by which it appears, that
fuch grants or exemplifications of arms as were given dar-
ing Camden's being in the herald'* office, are called clarcn-
cieux Camden's gift$.
f As the armorial enfigns ufed at the protector's funenl
are very little known, I will give them here from fir James
Barrow's anecdotes and obfervations ^lat^rjg to Oliver
* ' Cromwell.
CROMWELL FAMILY. 153
The fa&ious Lilburne has accufed her of part 11.
. SECT.Ii:
difpofing of places in the army during her v^^-w
huflband-s generalfliip; and Grainger fays, * it wifeofOk
' has been afferted, that Ihe as deeply inte- protean.
c relied herfelf in fleering the helm, as Ihe had
c done in turning the Jjpit, and that fhe was as
c conftant a fpur to her huflband in the carter
f of his ambition, as fhe had been to her ferr
€ vants in their culinary employments*/ The
fturrilous Heath pretends alfo that ' fhe was
* trained up and made the waiting woman of
* his providence, and lady rampant of his fucr
Cromwell. The efcutcheons were thefe, ' Impaled baron
4 and femme, firft for himfelf, quarterly, firft and fourth,
' argent, a crofs, gules (for England) fecpnd, azure, afal-
' tire, argent (for Scotland) third, azure, a harp, or,
' ftringed argent (fpr Ireland).' (The arms of France were
not affamed, as the Cromwells were in ftri& alliance with.
that crown J. * In an efcutcheon of pretence, fable, a lion
< rampant, argent (for his paternal coat) ; and fecondiy,
* for his wife, fable, three leopards paffant in pale, or%
c fpotted of the firft,' (the ounces are mifcalled leopards,
became both are fpotted animals). * The crown over the
* efcutefceon. was cj>mpofed of croffes, patoncc, and leaves
4 (like that of the prince of Wales) with an arch joining
* crofs-ways over the red cap of velvet, but not riling f©
1 high as the wgal crown/
* Grainger's Biography*
{fefifty
,54 MEMOIRS OF THE
part ii. r ccfsful greatnefs*, which Ihe perfonatcd Jtf-
SECT. II.
^-nAJ c tcrwards as imperioufly as himfelf/ Papa-
• SiTrfOii. dopoli had likewise the fame fentimentSi for
prweaor. he fays, that c the incubus of her bed made
c her partaker too of the pleafures of the
c throne t-'
Thefe, however, are falfe reprefentations,
for though fhe poffeffed fome fpirit, and the
. beft abilities, Ihe always a&ed in conformity
to the prote&orV defire, except in wifhing
rather to bridle than ftimulate his ambition,
Ludlow, one of the greateft enemies to the fa-
mily, acknowledges, that when Oliver removed
from the Cock-pit, f which the Houfe of parle-
c raent had affigned him, to take pofleflion of
c Whitehall, which he affigned himfelf, hi*
* wife feemed at firft unwilling to remove thi-
c ther, though afterwards fhe became better
c fatisfied with her grandeur^/
sne certainly earneftly wifhed and endea-
voured to effeft a reconciliation with the royal
* Flageilum.
f Nicol. Comnenus Papadopoli's 'kiflory*
J Ludlow's memoirs.
4 family.
CROMWELL FAMILY. 155
family, even when her htiiband was at th? part 11.
S £ C T 1I#
very fummit. of grandeur* and far this pur- s^v-L/
pofe fhe eagerly liftened to the propofal of Sjftfok
lady Dyfart (afterwards chiehefs of Liuder* pSrfbr.
dale) for reftoring the exiled king, and pity*
mifed to break it to his highnefs j which flit
did one morning before he rofe$ for, having
firft prefaced the many dangers he. was ex-
pofed to from his fituation, and the certain
ruin of his family, at. his -death, fhe defirfcd
him to accept the carte blanche the king had
fent, as it would not only fecure a pardon for
all paft offences, but raife the family to honors
little lefs than regal ; ftie received no bthfe*
anfwer than c you are a fool, Charles 5tuart
1 can never forgive me his father's death,
c nor the injuftice he has fuffered from me,
* and if heNcan, he is unworthy of the crfcwnV
Cromwell was not of a difpofition for any one
about him to have much intereft in any affairs of
* Echart's hiftory of England. He fays, he had this
anecdote from, one to whom the duchefs told it. What
makes this the more probable is, that Bamfield, one of
Cromwell's fpies, writ to Thurloe, that mrs. Scot told him,
tbatking Charles II. had fome friends in my lord protec-
tor s family, that wifhed him very well. .
ftate, .
i56 MEMOIRS OF THE
part ii. ftatc. With refpeft to his family concerns, he
S*E C T. II*
w~v-^/ feerps to have confuted her, but no further ; he
w!fe*^f ou- was a tencjer huflband, it is acknowledged, but
pr^Ladc. very far from an uxorious one *, his was not a
court where ladies could boaft much of their
power ; he was in years, and though not indif-
ferent to the charms of the fair fex, her highnefs's
perfon was. nc$ calculated to infpire love, though
her mind was refpeft andfriendfhip j aqd, there-
fore, inftead of the fway which Heath and Pa-
padopoli have pretended fhe endeavoured to
gain over the prote&or, fhe obtained his efteem
by her humble and modeft deportment, and by
pmitting no opportunity of pleafing him * : flic
certainly had no fmall regard for him, as flie
could not, without the greateft ijneafinefs, fee him
layifhing his tendereft regards upon others,— for
Oliver, with all his faintlhip, was but a frail
Yeffelf.
Wc
* The prote&refs was certaiilly an obedient wife, as may
be feen by a letter of her's to her hufband (the only one
pub lifted). Vide letters DD in the proofs and illuftrations.
t The protector, Oliver, though a greaj devotee, is
fcnown to have indulged himfelf, after he arrived at power,
with the company of ladies, and that not in the molt inno-
cent manner -, lady Dyfart, afterwards duchefs qfLaudei>
dale%
CROMWELL FAMILY. trf
We haVe but little knowledge of the hiftory of r art u.
this lady* for the reafons above affigned ; the
rcr, lord
dale, arid mrs. Lambert, have been frequently given as his protector
miftreffes ; they were ladies of very different accomplifli-
ments ; the former was beautiful, witty, learned* and full
of intrigue ; mrs. Lambert employed hcrfelf only in pray-
ing and tinging hymns : it was a court jeft, that the pro-
tenor's ihftrliment (of government) was found under my
lady Lambert's petticoat; his acquaintance with the gay
lady Dyfart gave fuch offence to the godly, that he wa*
obliged to decline his vifits to her ; but there could no hurt * -
axife in holding heavenly meditations with mrs. Lambert.
Heath9 in his FlageUum, fay«, mrs. Lambert was a woman
of good birth and good parts, and of pleafing attractions
both for mind and body. There is an hiftory printed, of a
pretended natural fon of the protector's, but it is too mar-
vellous to be true ; probably* however, Oliver had natural
children, one of whom was a doctor Millington, after whofe
name, in the rcgifter of Strenfham, in Worcefterfhire (the *
birth place of the humorous feutler) is, ' Query, was not
* he a baftard of Oliver Cromwell ;' and I am the more in*
dined to think this true, becaufe in the poftfeript of a letter
from Urfu la Horny hold, dated from London, december4»
1744, l0 a gentleman in the vicinity of that place, is, * Bid
' you ever hear it faid, that doctor Millington was illegiti-
* mate — here has been talk that doctor Millington was a
' baftard of Oliver Cromwell.' — The fcandal it would have
given, had the puritans known of his amours, and the ad-
vantages the cavaliers would have made of it, would be a
great reafon for his keeping matters of this kind from the
«ycs of the public; befides, though her highnefs was. an
obedient
t& . MEMOIR'S Of THE
*artit. royalifts, however, have fupplied the place of
SECT. II.
v^-v^w fc&s, by fubftitutiog fcandal; they charge her
•rfc of oii- with gallantry *, and a love of liquor + * there feems
a* much reafon to believe one ap the other j her
fuuation, as the wife of the grand enemy of fo
many parties, muft, no doubt, make her conduft
watched with the greateft care, that any impro-
priety might be blazoned abroad, to throy an
odium upon herielf and family * and as we hpye
nothing that bears the lead: of reproach mentioned
by any author deferying the lead credit, we may
fafcly pronounce her to be,, though plain in her
perfon $, a virtuous and good woman, and de-
ferving the chara&er which my favorite writer
has given of her, th# € (he was an excellent houfe-
c wife, and as capable pf descending to the kit*
* chen, with propriety, as lhe was of afting in her
. ? exalted ftation with dignity ; certain it is, that
9 fhe adtcd a much more prudent part as proteo
obedient wife, (he was not without fpirit and fenSbility ;
- but though fhe might know that (he had reafon to fufpe&
the proteclor, we cannot fuppofe {be carried it to- inch un-
reasonable lengths as to be jealous of Chriftina, queen of
Sweden, as fome psetend.
* Vide letters EE in the proofs and illuftrations.
f Vide letters FF in the proofs, &c.
i Vjde letters GG in the proofs, &c.
trcfs>
CROMWELl FAMILY. 155
* tttUy than Henrietta did as queen, and that parti*
SECT. It
€ ihei educated her children with as much abi* w*v-**
* iity as Are governed her family with addrefe. wife of oiY>
4 Such a woman would, by a natural tranfition, proufor*
* have filled a throne V
The army was not infenfible to her merit,
they obliged the parlement to make a fuitable
ft&tlement upon her, at a time when the
Cromwelian intereft was no more ; it was
grateful 'ki them, and honourable to herjv
Perceiving the return of the king wo41d
take place, (he conveyed a great quantity of
gold, and fome of the beft and moft portable
valuables belonging to the royal family, to
the Thames fide, to export them out of the
kingdom; but it was difcovered, and the
whole of them feized for his majefty's ufe*
Till this time fhe had lived at the Cock-pit,
and at Whitehall -, but leaving them, fhe went
from London^; and retired into Wales. Mr,
* Grainger's biographical hiftory «f 'England,
t Journals of the houfe of commons, &c.
t Mr. MorantYhiflory of Effex.
Grainger
160 MEMOIRS OF THE
pah nt Grainger fays, he was credibly informed; that
SECT II
s^^J fiie was a confiderable time in Switzerland.—
wlfcdt'oli. Finding that no enquiries were made after
pr^eaor. her, fhe returned into England, and fettled
in Cambridgefhire, where fhe continued to
her death, courting obfeurity.
She had the great tythes of Hartford, which
is about a mile from Huntingdon, fettled upon
her, as I have been informed by a gentleman
who had feen the marriage fettlement : Oliver
afterwards fettled two thoufand pounds a year
upon her, in addition to thisr*; but probably
(he never received any pare of it, &r it was*
I think, ilTuing out of eftates which were
granted to him by the parlement, and be-
longed tor the delinquent loyalifts; who, at
the reftoration, would naturally reclaim what
had been forcibly taken from them $ the" eight
thoufand pounds per annum, fettled upon her
by the parlement, was alfo probably never paid
to her, nor, perhaps^ any part of it ; fo that
* Vide the fclicdule given in by the prote&or Richard,
to the parlement, after his refignation^ ftatrng the whole of
his eftates, in the proofs and illuft rations.
I we
CROMWELt FAMILY, i6t
we muft fuppofe (he had but trifling to fupport pa r t u
herferf tipoo during her widowhood* and that v->v-w
arififig chiefly from the fale of thole valuables wifeVoit-
that ftrc retained after the protestor's deathj as p^ac*.
great part of the perfonalty would come to h£r,
as his highnefs made no difpofition of his affairs*
She furvived the protestor fourteen years, and
died feptember 16, 1672, aged 74; her remains
were depofited in the chancel of the church of
Wicken* in the county of Cambridge; ihe is
buried within the communion rails ; the inferip-
tioti upon her grave-ttone is,
Elizabetha Cromwell, de Ely
Obiit xvi. die Septembris,
Anno Chrifti MDCLXXH. annoq*
^tatisLXXIIIL*
In peffon, the proteftrefe was certainly very
ordinary * *tfld there is reafon to fuppofe (he had
fome blemiih in one eye t • There is an engraved
* Both doftor Cibbons and mr. Grainger have faid, that
mrs. Cromwell died oaober -8, 1678. This infeription I
•opiedfrom the grave-Hone.
t Vide letters *GG in the proofs and illuflrations.
Vol. I. M head
i6* * MEMOlkS OF THE
part il head of her in a fmall fcarce book, intitled, * the
sect. n.
^^-w court and Jcitchen of -Elizabeth, called Joan*
vfifc*ofeoii- Cromwell, wife of the- Jate ufurper, truly de-
prbteAor. . fcribed and reprefentedf :' it is neatly engraved,
and exhibits her face in a black hood, in a plain
homely dreifs -, it expreffes little delicacy, and Ids
beauty ; mr. Granger thought it genuine, though
its appendages render it, I fhould otherwife have
thought, fufpedted 5 for in the upper part of the
print is a monkey, alluding to the old adage of
the ape 5 the higher it goes, the more it expofes
its backfide, and at the bottom of the pifture is,
1
From feigned glory, and ufurped throne, !
And all the greatnefs to me falfely (hewn, 1
And from the arts of government fet free,
See how protedtrefs and a drudge agree J.
Loyalty, at that period, was fhewn in fatyr;
to be loyal was to abufe all of the oppofue party,
* From the inelegant appearance the proteclrefs made,
the cavaliers ufually ftyled her Joan Cromwell.
f This hook 18 extremely rare ; it was printed in Lon
don, in 1664, in isjmo. I never could fee it.
£ Grainger's biographical hiftqry.
guilty
I
CROMWELL FAMILY, i$3
guilty or innocent*. This print has been *£**$•
copied fj and* for waijt of any other, has ^^v*^
been alfo for this workf< There is no wife of on*
T fer, lord
portrait of this lady* except one in the poi- p»t«ftor* »
feflion of the mifs Cromwells* th*t is genuine :
mr. Hollis had an impreffion* in wax of a **
medal of her % probably by on^of the Sijnoii$4 . ^ ••>,
It is lingular, that we know of none of th*
prote&refs' relations that interefted themfelves
during the civil wars, nor that Was employed
during the Cromwelian adminiftratiQn||.
Mifs Cromwell informs itte, flie thinks them
are ddcendant&of fir James Bourchier, the pro-*
te&refs' father, ftiti living in Hertfordfhire.
* Bttkr has alio ridkvted'tixprtxc&rch and W family.
f Mr. Cfcriftopfcer $harp* an ingenious turner, of Cam-
bridge, has taken mrs. Cromwell's face from the abov*
print.
I It gave the author pain to copy this plate* but htf
thought if any part of it was omitted* it would look *s if
given for an original, & ..
t| Sir John Bourchier, a Yorkfhire knight, one of th*
ting's judges, nor the loyal mr. George Bourchier, that
was inhumanly fliot at Briftol, were neither of them rela-
tions to the proteclor's wife.
Mi Tk
-i64 MEMOIRS O! TUB
.PART II.
SECT. II.
.Yo^T" ?be Children of the protestor, Oliver Cromwell.
children of
prote Aor. I i Robert, who was named after his grand-
cmwd!» fa&er> mr. Robert Cromwell, was baptized
oif«r,niord -w'St John's church, -in -Huntingdon, o&ober
piweaor. l^ 1621 ; as|^e have no further account of
him, moft probably he died at fchool, when a
child ; for he was not buried at Huntingdon.
oiiw 2- Oliver, who was baptized at St. John's
^c^afon church, in Huntingdon, february 6, 1622-3;
lorf pTotw- , by the procurement of the earl of Warwick
he was fent to Feljled fr^e-grammar fchool,
in Efiex,; which that nobleman had founded,
and placed under the tuition of mr. Holbeach ;
probably his maternal grandfather, fir Johnl
Bourchier's, refiding at Felfted, did not a lit-
tle promote his being fent there*.
At the breaking out of the civil wars he
was about nineteen, foon after which, by his;
* Mr. Mo rant's hiftory of Eflex. — Felfted fchool was ft
that time in great repute ; dodor John Wallis, and docloi
Ifaac Barrow, had their education there.
. father's
CROMWELL FAMILY. !§5
father's intereft, he procured a commifllon in sect n
the parlement army: Lilburn, the fa&ious, ^*~
. . Younger
■accufes Oliver, his father, with having feveral children of
° Oliver, lord
relations in the army in 1647 ; and amongft prouaw,
. others, that he had two of his own fons, one, a
captain of the general's life guard, the other a
captain of a troop of horfe ici colonel Harri-
fon's regiment ; both, fays Lilkurne, raw arid
inexperienced foldiers*. It is well known,
that Richard, the fecond fon, was not defigned
for the fword, but the bar, and had no conrw
million in the army till long after his father
had, fefen declared protestor, fo that the fpns •
of Oliver, then in the army, rauft be this gen~
tleman, and Henry his brother; but it is'ob-
fervable, that Henry* who certainly yrzs the
captain of. the general's life guard, i,s men*
tioned firft, . .•■■.. '
• • - • ■ , - • l • t : \. ' ....
Scarce any author notices this fon Oliver
at all, and none that I know of have given us
any apcount of what became of him : there is,
however, little doubt to be made, but that he
was the captain Cromwell, who was killed in
* JJiographia Britanriica, article John Lilburne.
H 2 faty*
«66
MEMOIRS OF THE
pah til july, 1648, in attempting to repulfe the fcotch
v-i-^^/ army that invaded England, under the duke of
chiWwn'of Hamilton, at which time colonel Harrifon was
Oliver, lord t 11*11 • n
i^ptcaor. wounded*} the latter circumftance clearly
evinces that it was Oliver (afterwards the
prote&or's) fon that was killed, as he is, juft
above, mentioned as being a captain to Har-
rifon's regime^
3. Richard, afterwards lord prote&or. Vide
Richard
Cromwell,
lord pro- part HI. feftion I.
te&or. *
Henry,
Cromwell,
fourth Ton
of Oliver,
lord pro*
te&or.
James
Cromwell,
fifth fon of
Oliver, lord
protestor.
4. Henry,' who beeaTtie lord deputjr of Irfeland.
Vide part IV. fedion I. ""
5. James, fo named from hrs maternal grand-
father, fir Jameis Bourchier ; he was baptized
January 15, 163 1-2, at St. John's church, in
Huntingdon* where he was buried the 19th of
the fame month.
Bridget 6. Bridget, who was baptized at St. John's
^MllWWr*! f
eideft ' church, in Huntingdon, auguft 5, 1 624 j fhe was
daughter of
Oliver, lord
prote&or.
* "Whitlock's memorial.
twice
CftOMWELL FAMILY. * 1*7 •
twice married, firft to Henry Ireton, lord deputy f ARjn.
SECT IX*
of Ireland, who is fo well kqown for his repub- c^vw
' * i j . i Younger
lican principle^, and thie grc^t (hare he had an the chiwren of
• " Oliver, lord
diftradtions of his country j to this.geptreipan fee prote&or.
was married about 1642, and he dying, in no-
vemberv;X 65 1 *, her Ather, who had. given feer;
to Ireton for motives of intereft, noy di/pofed of
her h^nd to lieutenant-general Guiles Fleetwood,
as he hare,, from his property o^raylng, no fmall
influence in ian army dompofed of puritanic bi-
gots -% Oliver generally made his domeftk con-
c^rnsLfubfervient to his ambitious purpofes ; this
laft hufeand was alfo lord lieutenant of . Ireland*
and a&erwards general of all: the britilh forces;
unfortunately for her, Fleetwood had not the abi-
lities of her firft hufeand* which g^ye her much
concgro;-as fhe faw with regret, the ruin his con*
du£t muft bring upon herfelf and children,
. She ted imbibed, frbm Ireton, fa ftrongan
antipathy againft rite government of a Angle per-
fon, that fee could not even bear to hear of the
* Yidc.no. 25, the life of lord deputy Ireton-, and his de-
fendants, and no. s6, the lingular chara&er of mrs. Bendifli,
his daughter, in the hiftory offeveral perfons and families al-
lied, or,defceadcdfrftm the pro te&orate^
M 4 title
i6S<* 'MEMOIR&' OF THE.
PAftrn/titleof protedtor, though it was held by an in-
s^-J^J dulgent father, and a beloved brother 5 this the
Jm!S of former knew with concern ; &e was a perfcrt of
^roJtaJf°r<i very good fenfe, regular in her behaviour* and
very fervlceaWe to her laft: hulband, by advifing
him what- fteps«>take; and would hare been
more fo, had he placed greater reliance in her opi-
nion, which is mtf known to have been much
fuperior tdrhis. She •lamented to Ludlow his
fituation with tears, after - the* imprudent quarrel
between the reftored • Iong-parie#ent and- the
army, and intreated that gentleman to remain in
England, to endeavour to compofe the breach :
probably her. good fehfe.&ggefted, that thefc ani^
mofities muft end in reffopng tbe king, the
moft unfortunate event that could happen toher-
felf and family, and which ■ foon after took place.
She did uot long furvive the #verfe fcf fdftune,
which, with:the lofs^f her clear commonwealth. Jay
fo heavy yp.on her mind* as foon pecafioned her
ddath; .but at what particular time, i$ not, I be-
lieve, known*. She was early addicted toen-
. . thufiafm.
* Vide the life of general' Fleetwood/ and Ms defcen-
dants, no. 27 ,in the hiftoiy of fevefai ferfons and families,
': ' "- . allied
CROMWELL FAMILY. 169
thufiafm. Mr, Thomas .Patient* h*. $ letter to parth,
SEJCT.II.
her father, dated Kilkenny, april 15, 1650, fays, vrv^
* I have been at head quarters, ever fince a little chUdra <
* before my lady Ireton came over. . I do *by praetor.
c good experience find, as for as : I : can difcern,'
* the power of God's graceiri her foal ; a woman
* acquainted with temptauons, and breathing after
«Chrift«: •■ ' >.t - »■ ^ r>
7. Elizabeth, the^ond.aiM^favouHte daugjir Eiiztbetk
'Cross well,
uer of the protedoiy Oliver, was dhriftened july 2*1 J001**
1629, at St John's church, in Huntingdon 5 lhe ^j^0*4
was marrieel, before her 'father's elevatuin, to
John Cleypole, efq. afterwards mafter of horfc tjO
the prote&ors, Oliver and Richardi • ■
This lady had the elevation of mind, and dig-
nity of deportment, of one bora of a xoyal ftem,
with all the affibility tod goodnefs of the moft
humble ; fuch a character as this deierved, arid
has, I believe, efcaped even the ridicule fo libe-
allicd to, or defceaded; from, tb,c proteftpratc, ho.ufc ©fc
Cromwell, by females. ,... ,. r: .;, *
* Milton s ftate paipert. •..♦,•»••
rally
i'7tt MEMOIRS OF THE * "
PA^tti. ttlly thrown upon all of every party, during
n^s^c?- this ^iift^py *rar5 one writer -only «xce£*ed*.
Yoonger ; A ■
children 6f
rio^tfr.0'- Happinefe is not fometimei thelet:of the
beftj it pleated -Providence to afflift herr with
the moft feroife* diforderj wtfc'fche lofeofa
dear child*: beftde* which, :.theidiflike.ftie had
to her father's c|pdu6t, and her fincere wiflies
/ to fee the lawful heir to the crown re-
;r ftcged; m his .rights,: ail.ncmfpirfedito difti?efs
♦;• airiinfl the riirift-fe^^
" * I) utter,, in his> pofthumou# works, .has. ridiculed mrs.
Clcypolcj with the reft of the Crom'we'll family, in tliefe
fines: ( •"• • * '*' '-'*"• •:' ■
Yet old Queen Mkdge, .. •':.'* * -
Though things do not fadge,
Will ferve to be Queen pf the. May-pole;
Two Princes of Wales,
<■' • ••ferWfeitliftiMrfes, " -'- -- -- .
Ani he* Grace Maid-^tfon;Ctey pale.
' Mr-.Thyrr has trained the meaning of jhis in a note;
4 In the ruftic ceremony of a Whitfuniale, .befides a moek
* ting, queen, &c. there is always a maid-marion, which
* is, a young woman, or a boy dreffed in women's cloaihs,
* whofe bufinefs it * is to dance the morefco, or morice
' 4ance.' — This muft have been written in the life- time of
Oliver, as mrs. Cleypole is mentioned in it»
4 with
CRQMWSLL FAMILY-: Iff
with the moft acme pains : enable to ftrug&le part m
'i ' SECT* I£
againft fo many trials, flie gare.way to fate* s^-n^w
auguft6, 1658*. : , •::. SaSTrf.
Oliver, lowl
proteftor. -
What is alfo generally allowed to have ft
leaft haftened her end, was the death of doftot
Hewitt* who, with fir Henry Slingfby, loft
his head upon the fcaffold>(for.cndeavourmg
to effeft a revolution in favor of the exiled ,
prince, f
The
* Oldmixon, doctor Gibbons, and Darr,: by miftake,
fay, nirs. Cleypple died auguft 7, and the author of the
medal la, auguft$: it appears that' her complaint was at-
tended .with exceffive pain, and that me had feveralr re-
lapte-5 all who mention her diforder -fay it was inwardly,
Clarendon^ * that it was of 4 nature peculiar; and whicfi
*• the 'phyficians knew not how to treat;' Fleetwood, that
4 flie -was troubled with great pains in her bowels; and va-
•- pours in .her head 9 the truth is, it is believed the phy-
* fician* <fo not underftand thoroughly her cafe;' Baker al
corjtinuator calls her diforder * an impofthume in fome of
' her inward parts, which made her fiiffer a long and pain-
' fuliilncfi, and her Jaft moments were particularly fo;*
Ludlow, that it ifas' * an ulcer in Jier womb ;' and doctor*
Bates, who attended, h an inward impofthume in her loins,
' with great agony and pain.' ^
+ Dr. Hewitt was tried may 25, 1658, by the higl^
court of juftice, which, as he denied its jurifdiclion (as an
unjawful
17* MEMOIRS OV ? tit,
>ar.t.7E ..'The former of thefe unfortunate gentlemen
>-^-v^w vas particularly beloved: by mrs. Cleypqle,
children of and whofe hbufe fhe frequented to hear divine
proieaor. . worfhip, according to the church of England ;
fhe therefore importuned Ihis pardon with' {he
greateft earneftnefs, 'andr'equefted it upon Ker
knees j but her father {who feldorhtieftied
Ker any requeft) "utterly Vefiifed her this,
. .'. :\ *' :. . r .: .>.' .<:. . *-"_" .».
unlawful court, and eftabliflied by a more unlawful gowcp)
condemned him to death. — Whitlock fays, the do&or car-
ried himfelf imprudently ; this the author of the hiftory
of England, during the reigns q^hek Stuarts, in pretending
to.!.C(>Pyt &}'*♦ t^is. unfortunate divine?' carried himfelf
* impudently ; ' {nit is' this impartiality aji4 candor ? , Pro-
bably Whitlock alludes tp the odor's boldly faying, that
hc< woul^ plqad( if .cither of th? judge*,- or the learned
counfel at law, -would 4give it tinder their hands, that the
high court of jqftice was a. lawful, judicatory. It is certain,
thajt the doctor's; denying the, jurifdijqUon by. which he was
tried, loft himhi3,lifc; as ,^he pr.©te£or thought >it war
flriking at the very life of his government ; at leaft, with
his obftiuate. fiience of the part he, had. acled in the plot,
which, as the prpteclor well knew, he kfifted upon the doc-'
tor's confeffing it ; had he done tbiii and been filene abotat'
the jurifdiclionpf the court, he would ha*e been! pardoned,
as Oliver declared, to, doaor Manton*. <: it is are: argument
of the unfortunate divine's goodwfil, ,tfm thofe excellent
ladies, mrs. Clcypole and lady Fauconberg were ftrenuous.
for his pardon, and that Prynne pleaded as his counfel.
which
CROMWELL -FAMILY. ^73
which is fuppofed \ta have: given her fphits part it
a prodigious ihockr.. » .%^*v*w
• , , Younger ,
• ' ' • - ■ ' ( «■ - • ' '■ " Children of
It .is .allowed by our hiftorians, that in Oliver, iod
the repeated conferences fhe had with . Oli-
ver- juft before her death, fhe painted the
guilt of his ambition, in the raoft dreadful *
colours.; which, fays lord Clarendon, exceed-
ingly >perplexed him; and obferyes, that he
took much pains to prevent, any of his at-
tendants hearing, yet many expreflions efcaped
her which, were Heard by thofe near her, relpefl;-
ing cruelty and bipod ; arjd fhe was particular
in mentioning the death, fay they, of her pious
paftor ; the near approach of her difTolution giv-
ing her, Ihe fuppofed, liberty to fay what for-
merly fhe thought, yet durft not then exprefsf.
* It may rcafonably be fuppofed, that do&or Hewitt's
death was fenfibly feh by mrs. Cleypole ; but it appears,
that (he rejoiced in the diicovery of that plot for which he
died, fo that, probably, h*r excefs of grief is fomewhat
heightened, occafioned by her dying fo foon after. Vide
letters CC in the proofs and illuftrations.
f Bates, who mull have the beft information, {ays, that
mrs. Cleypole, in ' her hyfterical fits, much difqyietedhim,
«fcy
•1/4 ' MEMOIRS Of THE
i,
part rt. * Such V ranonftrahce/ fays mi\ Grainger,
<*^^ * from a beloved child, in. fo affefting a fitua-
e^\dtlnot c tion, muft have funk deep into his mind *
prS».° . * it was ftrongly fufpedted that his conference
'* took the alarm, arid was never afterwards at
€ reft, frorrt that moment % and to this- both
lord Clarendon and Ludlow agree ; the former
. fays, th&t though he (Cromwell) did not ftiew
any remorfe, it is very certain* that c either
e what ihe faid, or her death, affefted him
c wonderfully y9 and the latter, that after mrs.
Cleypole's death, c it was obferved/that Crom-
c well grew melanchoUyV
• by upbraiding him, fometimes-with one of his crimes,
1 and fometiihes with another, according to the furious dif-
', traflions of her difeafe/
* Dr. Thomas Glarges, in' a letter to Henry Cromwell,
lord deputy of Ireland, dated feptembcr I, 1 658, fays, that
his highnefs was much diftempered by his late grief and
melancholy, hefides his other infirmities, which were a
double tertian ague. Fleetwood fays, in a fetter, to the
fame, that his illnefs was contracted by 'the long Gcknqfs
of my lady Elizabeth, which made great impreffions upon
him. Thurloe's ftate papers.
_This
CROMWELL FAMILY. i75
This amiable lady died at Hampton court, part it.
amidft the. prayers of all forsher recovery, : and **»***«,'
her lofs was lamented by thawboki court, bift chnS^To^
particularly by her hulband and father*. rroJaU. «
No refpeft whatever was omitted that could
be paid to her memory -y the |>f otedbor ordered-
the body to be removed from the palace in
which flie died, to the painted chamber in _
Weftminfter, where it lay in ftate fome time,
and from thence was conveyed, in the .night
of the tenth of auguft, in great funeral pomp,
to the dormitory of the englilh kings, where
it was depofited in a vault made purpofely to
receive it : mrs. Wilkes, the deceafed's aunt,
walked as chief mourner f. Mr. Peck has
given
* It has in the laft note been feen how much the death of
lady CleyppU afftflcd. kex father : bef.hu (baftd, in one of
his letters to his brother- in- la w, Henry Cromwell, lord
deputy of Ireland, fays, ' my late trials and excrcife have
1 been fo fad and difmal to me, that I mould almoft wonder,
1 I fcave thus far out-lived them,'
t It is not known how mrs. Wilkes was aunt to mr*.
Ckypole ; no doubt, (he was the wife tff colonel Wilk*$»
,76 MEMOIRS OF THE
partii. given us the infcription that was put vipofl
w*^w :mrs. Cleypole's coffin, which, as it is curious,
afiScnrf I have copied ; it runs thus :
Oliver, lord
protcftor.
Depojitum
Mluftriffimae Dominae D. Elizabethae,
nuper Uxoris Honoratifftmi Domini*
Domini Johannis Claypoole,
Magifiri Equitii ;
nee non Filiae Secundae
SereniJJfmi 6? Celciffimi
Principis
Oliveri, Dei 'gratia
Angliae, Scoriae, & Hiberniae,
&c.
Prote&ortS)
obiit
apud Acdes Hamptonenfes,
Stxto die Augufti
anno aetatis fuae viceffimo ofifavo,
Anncqut Domini
1658.
This
who was an a&ive perfon during the civil wars and ufurpa-
tion -, he was much trufted by the protector Oliver, who
appointed
CROM W £ L t - f A M 1 L It. iff
Tfijfs fcxcelterit . kidy was, it is. feid* a warm ?AB<Tn*
' sect.il
partizan for king CHarks L as well- a£ for king ^r>r^^
* Younger
Charfcs II. it is a well known fadt, that (he con- chiifaii-of
Qlivcr, lord
ftantly ufed all her influence in behalf of any who ftotcAor.
fell into misfortunes oil account of their loyalty i
indeed} all that were in diftrefs partook of her
pity, abd very many of her bounty, which, with
her munificence, rendered the very large allow-
ance the prote&or fettled upon her inadequate.
The faithful Whitlock gives her {his amiable >
chariufter, and he niuft have known her well :-*-
1 She was a lady of excellent parts, dear to her
' parents, and civil to all perfoos* and courteout
1 and friendly to all gentlemen of her acquaint-
* ance j her death did much grieve her father V
appointed him one of the fruftees for felling trie forfeited
cftatcs of the fcotch loyalifts ; he was one that Monk dif-
raifledjuft before the reiteration, as knowing him too much
intcrefted in the army to be inclined to reftore the king,
though the latter part of his reafon was not then afligned.
There were two officers of this name killed in the parlc-
ment'sfervice* captain Wilkes, (lain at BaGng ; another alfo
of the fame rank fell at Taunton *, it is probable they might
hefons of the colonel.
* It may not be improper here to give what Carrington
Ihasfaidof mrs. Cleypole: After fpeaking of the joy th*
Vol. £ N x conqu«ft
ill MEMOIRfc 0* THE
PArfcT n. There is »' medd in filver of the lady Eliza-
S^lr' beth, which on one fide e*h»fei» her baft, but
Younger . ' , ;«g||»J|0yf
children of t WHW*
Olive*, lortf. '
prote&or • "^
ff cpnqueft of Dunkirk occafioned, he fubjoins, that the laurel a
* faded, and the joys abated, by the interpoGng of the cy-
« |nrefs-trcej which death planted upon the totnB of theil*
* iaiWiq«&.atidtnoA generoirs lady Cteypale,,ftcond daughter
•to his late highbefs, who departed this life to a more glo-
4 rious and eternal one, on the fixth day of auguft, thisprefent
* year ; a fatal pi ognofticatian of a more fenGble enfuiag lofs.
* For even as branches of trees, being cut and lopped in an
' iUftafon* do firiWraw away the (ap from the tree, andarter-
* jvards ca/ife the body thereof to draw up and die ; in like
* manner, during the declining age of his late highnefs, an
« ittfeafon in which men ufuaHy do, as it were, reap all their
fKtittfofefifift from the youth -and vigor 4>f «Wir children
* whecein they feeto to -go toi'wua by degree* as they draw
* near to their death, it unfortunately fell out, that this mod
< illuftrious daughter, the true representative and lively image
« of her father, the joy of his heart, the delight of his eyes,
* and the difpenfer of his clemency and benignity, died in the
' flower of her age, which ft ruck more to his heart than all
* the heavy burden oft his affairs*, which were only as a plea-
4 fure and partime to his great fouU So great a power hath
* nature over the difpoiitions of generous men, when the tie
* of blood is feconded by love and virtue* This generous
* and noBle. lady Elizabeth, therefor*, departed this world
* in defpite of all the kill of phyficians, the prayers of tbofc
« afflicted perfpns whQm (he had relieved, and the vows of
* all kinds of artifts whom (he cheriihed: but {he died an
4 amazoniau-
CfeOMWELL FAMILY. tfa
without arty infcriptiori) it fhews the profile of pahtij.
SfeCT JI«
a very handfome woman, with a commanding, ^XJ^'
yet obliging countenance, fuch as befpeaksagreat ^/rfJVf
and affable perfon j it is highly relieved, and in a ^SS1^1
fine tafte ; the medal is become very fcafce, and
has, for that reafon, been lately reftored. Mf.
TheobaJd, in 1728, (hewed the fbciety of anti-*
qviarie$ a medal in gold of her's, modelled by
* amazonian-like death, defpifingthe pomps of the earth, and
* without aay grief, fave to ie*ve *n aJHicled lather, per-
1 plexed at her fo fudden being taken away ; ihe died with
' thofe good leffon* in her mouth, which me had praclifed
1 whilft (he lived. And if there be any comfort left us in
1 her deuth, is is 4n the hope we have, that Her good examplfe
* will raife up the like inclination in the remainder of be?
* liners, whom heaven hath yet left us. 1 (hall not at all
* fpeak of her funeral, for if I might hafrc been credited*
1 all the Mufes and their god Apollo, mould have made her
1 an epicedium, and (hould have appeared in mourning,
1 which would have reached from the top of their mount
' Parnaflus to the bottom of the valley thereof/ fie adds,
that ' i£, this great perfonage s death received not the funeral
* rites which all great wits were bound to pay it, tfcs mar-
* lial men did evidence, that the neglecl did not lie at their
1 doors, in revenge for the lofs of their englilh Pallas,
1 and of their Jupiter s daughter/ This is indeed hyper-
fclicat, but the truth U erfly traced in the panegyric
s N a Abraham,
iSo ;M £ M O I RS ' P tf THE.
part ii. Abraham, and finished by Thomas Simons,
SfcOTWI.' , r . . " .#
>^-v-o whole jLiutials were over at*.
Younger "
children of* >' ■
ptowaAr?' 7. Mary, the third daughter of the protestor
o*2weH, Gl*ver* was baptized february .9, 1636 j fhe
Icro^oiwcr", became the fecond wife of Thpmas vifcount
lord protcc- (afterwards earl) Fauconberg; a nobleman of
very amiable manners, and eaterprizing. ge-
nius.
This marriage was brought about by her
father, after a fhort courtfhip 5 the mar-
riage w^s publicly folemnized at Hampton-
Court, upoji thurfday, november 18, 1657^
by one of the prote&T>r's chaplains $ but the
fame day they were privately married, accord-
ing to the form prefcribed by the church of
* Spelling's engravings of medajs, and Virtue's engrav-
ings of the works of Simons. — Vide life of the lord C ley-
pole, matter of horfe, no. 28, in the hiftories of feveral
perfons and families allied to the Cromwells by females,
t„Lord Clarendon fays, lady Fauconberg was married
at: Whitehall •, but Thurloe, in a letter to Henry Crom-
well, lord deputy of Ireland, fays, HamptoutGoon ; a»
does Wood and others.
England^
C,ROM WELL FAMILY. tfi
England, bjrdoftor Hewitt, with the privity parth-
9kECT*II
of the prote&or, who pretended to yield to it, **- v^L*
c in compliance with the importunity, and chMr*7.tf
'Tolly- of his daughter*/ - $S£?
If we credit the following anecdote, wemuft
fuppdfe his highnefs rather made this .alliance
with .his lordihip for his own convenience,
than from ftudying the entire felicity of his
daughter,
I will give it in the language of my author:
c Jeremy White was Oliver's chaplain* and he
1 was, befides, the chief wag, and joker of
* Doftor Hewitt is alfo faid to have married the protec- .
tor's younger daughter, and frobably both of them with the
entire approbation of their father, who might be. fearful,
if any revolution. would take place, and his family fuller a
reverie of fortune, the hufbands of his daughters mighr
wi(h as much for a fcparation, as they then courted the
honor of their alliance ; perhaps Oliver was, of the fame
opinion at MarQull, an independent minifter, who gave
for the reafon of his marrying his jdaughter with the ring
and common prayer-book, thai * *« Aatute for eftabliCiing
* the liturgy was not yet repealed, and he was loath to
* have his daughter whored and turned back upon bim
' for,wan( of a legal marriage,'
N 3 c W$
ttt to £ MOl*. 9 O F. T H.E
PA*Ta. « Ws folcmit court. As the prote&or condc-
B'J&CT. II. ""
^^v^/ * funded to be vety familiar: with J^rry* he
*!£!?<* € faid to him one day, "You know the vif-
Oliver lottl
prow^or. " count Eauconberg," " perfectly wctt," faid
f Jerry, — " I am going to marry my daughter
" Mary to him. What do^you think of the
" matter ?n " I thiakfir/? foid Jerry, <c Why
" I think he will nevtr niake yow highnefs a
" grandfather,"*-*" I am forry for that Jerry;
*< how do you know ?" cc Sir," faid Jerry,
" I fpeak in confidence to your highnefs, there
" are certain defe&s in lord Fauconberg* that
€i will always prevent hi$ making yov> a grand-
*' father, let him do what he can/' As this
c difcovery was not made to the young lady,
* but to the old prote&or, it did not at all
' retard the completion of the match) which
'Oliver found, in all outward refpefts, foita*.
€ ble and convenient j fo he left the lord and
' * lady to fettle the account of defefts as they
f might, Not long after> Oliver, in a banter-
€ ing way, told the whole fecfet with which
* White had intruded him, before company,
'Which lord Faucbnberg turned off with a
' joke as well a§ he could, whilft hisfc eart in
cfeq-et
CROMWELL PAMILy. 183,
' fccret was waxing «xce£.<ting wroth againft parth.
SE CT» IX*.
* Jeremiah the prophet. Inftigated by this" >-^v-w
4 wrath9 lord Fauconberg fent 4 melTage next cwaX'of
< day to Jerry, to defire his company; wi$h pwteftw.
c which invitation Jerry immediately complied*
€ never fufpeding that Oliver had betrayed
' the fecret. Lord Fauconberg received him
c in Us ftudy, the door of which he firft
c locked, said then with much anger in his .
' countenance, and a ftout cane in his hand,
* he accofted Jerry— cc You rafcal, how dare
cc you teH foch mifchievous lies* of me as
* you have done to the prote&or, that I
" could never make him a grandfather, <fcc«
€€ I am determined to break every bone fn
€€ your fkin. What can you fav for yourfelf ?
"What excufe can you make?1' A!l this
' while the cane kept flourishing over Jerry's
« head) who, inftead of a day of dainties,
c which he hoped^ to find at my loid's table,
c would have been glad to fave the drubbing *
c on his ihouldiers, by going away with atj
c empty belly. " What can you fay for your*
« fclf i" cried lord Fauconbei^.— " My lord,**
4 faid Jerry, w you are too angry for me to
N4 fC hope
i84 MEMOIRS OF THE '
paRtii. " hope for mercy, 'but furely you can never
sect. n. r n . ' J
>^-v^w " be too angry to forget juftice; only prove,
cMdlfn'of " by getting a chili% that I told the prote : or
protcator.0' u£ lye, you may then inflift the punilhment
u wrth * juftice, and I will bear it with pa-
<* tience j and if you want exercife for your
cc cane, you may lay it over the prote&or's
c* fhouidiers, if you pleafe, for betraying me."
• c *— My lord, who knew in his confcience that
'< Jerry had told only an unfeafonable truth,.
f laughed, and forgave him*.' — What truth
there is in this, I will not pretend to fay,; but
for the credit of his lordfhip's manhood, I
muft declare, that this lady was once -in a
likely way of being, if not adually a mother f j
* Hughes* letters*
f I think it plain, from part of -a letter fent by lord
Jauconberg to Henry Cromwell, lord deputy of Ireland,
dated from Whitehall, febmary s6, 1657, that her lady-
(hip was once in the increafing way, which certainly entitled
Jerry to a baftinadoing •, the letter runs thus : ' My lord,
* this place is at prefent diftra&.with the death of m*. Rich,
* efpccially my dame, whefe condition makes it more dangerous than
• * the reft •/ and he abruptly breaks off — c My lord, I am juft
* now called to my poor wife's fuccour, therefore I muft
* humbly intreatyour lordQiip's leave to fubferibe royfeJf,
* fooner than 1 intended, my lord, your lordlhip's, &c.'
bw
but it is certain; that if flic -hid a Child, it PARTit; •
died-an infant. • —:•.... ^^
Yoiragex
- children of
She fympathized fo all the misfortunes of OIi™> k**
. protector.
her familjv but particularly in the death of
her father* and the difgrace* of her bro-
ther; both of which was fevej-ely felt, by h$r :
flic faw the confequences that the former
would bring with it, and to a mind fo.fufcep-
tible of noble ideas as her's, it was a fhock
fcarcely to be fupported. Lord Fauconberg,
in a letter to Henry Cromwell, lord deputy
of Ireland, dated feptember 7, 1,658, fp«;aking
of the grief of the family for the lofs of the
protestor Oliver, adds, c my poor wife, I know
* not what in earth to do vfith hers when feem-
€ ingly quieted, fhe burfts out again into paf-
« fion, that tears her very heart to pieces i nor
€ can I blame her, confidering what Ihe has
* loft.— It fares little better with others \ and
in a letter written ^fter the other, when it
might have been fuppofed that the edge of
her grief was worn away, his lprdlhip fays to
the lord deputy, € my lord,' your filter is weep-
* ing fo extreamly by me, that I can fcarce
* tell
i$6 .MEMOIRS OS THE .
f art if, ' tell you in plain terms, that I.-«n going eighty
SSOT II
\J^J 4 miles out of town to-morrow .' It was feid upon
d^Sirto'of *ke refignation of Richard, that c thofc who wore
«(!Sor0rf * biecchcs deferved petticoats better j but if thofc
c in petticoats (meaning her ladyfhip) had been
* in breeches, they would have held fafter/
Inclination and policy made her contribute to
the reftoring monarchy after the fovereignty had
been taken from her family, and which, from
her abilities and Ration, ftie happily had in her
power to do.
A nobleman, who had a little taind which al-
ways' rejoices ih infultirig fallen greatnefs, think-
ing to caft a refle&ion upOrfher, from her father's
body being indecently expofed upon a gibbet after
the reftoration, had the rudenefs, as well as inhu-
manity, to fay, in the royal prefence, * Madam,
* I faw your father yefterday. What then, fir?
* He ftunk moft abominably. I fuppofe he was
♦dead then?* 4Yes,f « Uhoughtfo,orelfelbe-
c lieve he would have made you ftink worfe^
This is told rather differently by another author.
* Grainger « biographical hiftory. The author of the
hiftory of England, during the reigns of tfie Stuarts, &y*»
that
CROMWELL F'A Ml L Y. 187
She openly pfofeffed her attachment to the ?ARTn.
SECT TJL
church of England, after the reftoration of >^-s^
monarchy and epifcopacy; fhe certainly al* XiuXtf
ways regarded it as the mofc perfect religion** ^SlJ^
Her ladyfhip died march 14, 17 12.
Having no child, Ihe had always been kind
to all parts of her family'that had experienced
pecuniary difficulties 1 nor did Ihe forget any
of them in her will.
There is nothing in the chara&er of this
lady but what fhews her to be both. c a wife
and worthy woman jV
that it was a cavalier who infolted lady Faucanbcrg, and
that it was faid to. her in the park, which I think is mofi
probable.
* Grainger's biographical hiftory of England, THs
gentleman was Informed, that lady Faucoaberg attended
cohflantly divine worihip according to the eftablifhed re-
ligion of the kingdom, when in London, at St, Anns
church, Soho, and when- in the country, at ChcrwkR.
Before her death, it appears ,-fte loft much of her reverence
for her father's Memory, regarding bwf probably, as a*
uforper and an hypocrite, as well as a tyrant. Vide the
life of mrs. Betadyft.
4 Bi&op Burnet's hiftory of his own times.
Grainger
*!&8 ME K!(3 IRS OF THE
jiarVii. Gramger fays, ix is hardly to be credited,
sect. ir. , , < , rt , ir <%
w-v^w that though ihe was hanqfome, yet fee greatly
chX^?of. refembled her father in perfon: this. is corro-
p^tca«r.°r. borated by dean Swift, who knew her lady {hip,
by his faying, that Ihe wfts extremdy like the
pi&ures he had feen of her father; and it is
Wident by comparing her : bufto (given by
-Peck in his life of the protector) with the
portraits of .him!; in the decline of life Ihe was
pale and fickly*. 'Mr. Panton.has a portrait.
of lady Fauconberg, when a child,
Francet . 8- Frances was the fourth and ybungeft daugh-
Wh"*"' ter of the prdteftor Oliver, where (he was borft
Ww,°iord *s not known : perhaps at Cambridge.
protestor.
This lady had the honor, of two fuitors at one
time, very oppofite in title, though not in difpo-
fition; his majefty king Charles II. and Jerry
White, Oliver's chaplain ; neither of them were
difagreeable to her 5 the firft on account of his
eminent rank, the latter for his gallantry and
good humor ; as the former was the moft ho-
norable love?, 1'Khall firft mention his pretentions.
* Vide the life oflord Fauconberg, no. 29, in the hiftorjr
of feveral perfons ?md families allied to the protefloratc
family ot Cromwell by female* ,
Lord
CROMWELL FAMILY. 189-
•Lord BroghiiU (afterwards earl of Orrery) who pabtiti-
might be properly called.the common friend of ^*AJ^
kiag Charles and the protestor* eridesvouredic* JhXen'of!
effeft a reconciliation between thq&,/by thefvr*. ^aJr'j
mer's marrying this lady, to which not only the
king, but alfo (he* herfelf, and her mother -gaW
their Jaflfent ; but as it was 'a delicate point1 to obi
tain Oliver's concurrence, it way not thought a&i
vtfcable to be too precipitate, but to let the report
circulate abroad before it was mentioned to the?
protestor ; when it was judged proper to be broke*
out to him, Broghillwent as ufual to the palace*
and being introduced to his highnds in his clofet,
he a&ed, * Whence he came, and what news h*
* bad brought ?' his lord (hip replied, * From the
* city, where I have heard ftrange news indeed !*
* Ah! What is it ?'. ' Very ftrange news indeed!*
( What is it ?' * Perhaps your highnefs will be
f offended/ ' I will not/ replied Oliver, haftily,
be it what it will/ . Broghill then, in a laughing
way, faid, * All the city news is, that you are
* going to reftore the king, and marry him to
* lady Frances/ Oliver, fmiling, faid, c And
* what do the fools think of it ?' • c They like ic,
* and think it is thewifeft thing you can do, if
n ' * you
c
tgo MEMOIRS OF THE
fart n. cyw can accomplish it* Cromwell, looking ftcd*
ii22' faft at Bmghiil, « Do you bei»eve fo too V
SuhSTof *ho finding the propofai pleafing to him, went
££&/'* on*' I do really believe it is the beft thing you
*<$n do, to fecure yourfelf/ The prote&or*
walking about the room with his bands behind
Urn, in a mofing pofturp, tprned about to. his
brdfhip, * Why, do you believe it ?' Upon
vhich he erid^avoured to convince Oliver of the
expediency and neceJBty of the thing; that no-
thing was more eafy to bring about the resto-
ration, ojad that he would have the king for ins
fittMn-law, and,, in all probability* become grand-
father to the heir of the crown. To this the pro-
te&or liftened with attention, and traverfing the
apartment twice or thrice, laid, * The king will
* never forgive mtthc death of his father/ c Sir,*
replied his lordfhip, * you were one of many who
4 were concerned in it, but you will be alone in
' the merit of restoring him ; eipploy fomebody
c to found him upon it, and ice bow he will
« take it ; 111 do it, if yojj think fit' c No, he
'will nev$r forgive me his father's death * be-
' fides, he is fo damnably debauched, he cannot
c be trufted/ His lordftiip was fearful of pro- .
ceeding
CROMWELL FAMItr, i§i
GGcdtag further, and lb the difcourfe totdcanocher p^** u:
. . - SfiCT.U*.
qjrfc> . - -v.. s^-^^.
, .,....• "Voufigeir
' ' * children *f
JftroghiU did n<* jhfoHitely defpak yet of et Jj2^
fibStmg his pufpofo*' he therefore -applied to the
prooe&rcfc, and the lady Frances -f land after ac-
quainting them of tho ill fuccefs of life xiegoda^
tion, defired them to prefs his highpefs ftroogtyt
to* confider of it again, which they both pro*
raifed: and the former afterwards affiired his
hardfhip, that flie had done it more than once*
but to no purpofe ; for the protefi&r newr ra-
turned her any other anfwer fhan. * the king is
c not fuch a fool as to forgive me the death of
•his father V ;
His
* I do not recollect where I had this anecdote from, but
it hat been publi&ed. There certainly was fome twth i© '
it, and perhaps it is exactly given ; for, in an rn*ercepte4 s
letter, given in Thurloe's Sate papers, dated from London,
may 86, 1 653, from W« H. to his dear nephew, there iathii
Sentence : « now the fired reports are, that its lowly ipoke*
4 in the. court, that he (king Charles II.) is 10 marry one
* of Cxomweir* daughters, and fo to be brought again to his
« three loft crowns/ An alliance with the Cromwell family
by the king could not, at that time efpecially, have been
any great difgrace to the royal houfe of Stuart ; for James
the.
#
i9s MEMOIRSj jaiF,:THE:
part tin Bis majcfty. beipfe thus di&raffed by okiiDH*
SECT >1I ♦
wrv^' ver, Jerry White next paid his court to the lady*
chXfn'of .but with no1 better fuccefs ; the pious chap-
^Sj!ra laia (who yQnwjteti weti'itf^wpliaik t& fafl&i-
6dd palace io£i Cromwell by! h»5ga|kiitry) carried-
his amhitiOo fo^far, as to thihkf of becoming (an-.
iarlaw to .the ;prote£fcor, hf. .'marry ing my ' lady
Frances. . • .:~L c: r '
■ Afld as* Jewry thad tfiofe requifue* that generally
pleafc the ; fair fee, ho won -the aflfeftion $f ■ this
daughter, of Oiivef i but as nothing of this • fort
could happen without the knowledge of the
watchful father, who had hisipies in every place,
and about every perfon ; it foon reached Ms- ears*
There were as weighty reafons for reje&ing
• Jerry, as there had been for difmiffirig his ma-
jefty : Oliver, therefore, ordered the informer to
ihe.fecond's firft wife was but the grand- daughter of a wo-
man who got an honeft livelihood by felling wafliing and
grains ; and thofe two moft excellent princefles, queen
Mary II. and queen Anne, were this notable old woman's
great grand- daughters. Cromwell's family was certainly
* far fuperior to that of chancellor Hyde's.
©bfew
CkOMWfcLL fAMlLV. tf
oLtrve aad watch them narrowly, and promifecfj pa rt it.
SEC1 II
that upon fubttantial proof of the truth, of what si^*^c/
he had declared, he fhould be as amply rewarded* tJwX'of
as Jerry fcverely punifhed. %£%*?*'
It was not long before the informer acquainted
his highnefs, that the chaplain was then with the
lady, and upon haftening to his daughter's apart-
ments, he difcovered the unfortunate Jerry ujpon
his knees, luffing her ladylhip's hand ; feeing
which, he haftily exclaimed, * What is the mead-
* ing of this pofture before my daughter Frances?*
The chaplain, with great prefence -of mindvtej-
plied, c May it pleafe your highnefe, I have a
* long time courted that young gentle womaft
1 there, my lady's woman, and cannot prevail %
1 I was therefore humbly praying her lady (hip to
i intercede for me.*
Olivet turning to the waiting-woman, fad,
4 What is the meaning of this ? he is my friend,
1 and I expeft you ihould treat him as fuch ;*
whodefiring nothing more, replied, with a low
courtefy, « if mr. White intends 'me that honor,
* I Ihould not oppofe him ;' upon which Oliver
Vol.L. * Q faid,
i94 MEMOIRS OF THE
* art n. fatd, c Well, call Goodwin, this fcrafineis fhall be
s— v-w c done ptefcntly, before I go out of the room.'
Y«»ng«r
efeilAren of
fpciftSL-.0 Jewy could not retreat ; <Joodwin came, and
they were inftantly' married ; the bride, at the
fame time, receiving five hundred pounds from
the protedtor*.
It was ilk fuppofed that Oliver would give
one of his daughters, probably this, to the
duke of Enguien, only fon of the prince of
Conde, then in difgrace at the french court,
and that a part of the Netherlands was to be
conquered, and given him in fovereignty,
which alarmed both France and Spain; but
x this was not judged prudent by Oliver, it was
. too romantic; perhaps it was only to amufe
that prince, and frighten the kings f, as it
would
* Mr. Jerry White lived with thit» wife (not of his
choice) more than fifty years. Oldmixon fays, he knew
both him and mrs. White, and heard the ftory told when
they were prefent, at which time mrs. White acknowledged
• there was fomething in it.'
+ In Thurloe's ftate papers, in a IcttCT of intelligence,
dated from Paris, January 14, 1654, from J. B. in which he
3 ***'
CROMWELL FAMILY- l9$
would have been highly difpleafing to the fepub- part it,
licans-kv England. . .
Younger
The lady, difappqinted in her father's reje&ing oii*e* u*t
kings, princes, and prophets, permitted the ad*
drefies of an amiable young gentleman, the ho-
norable Robert Rich, efq. grandfon and heir to
Robert* earl of Warwick, and that without the
knowledge of her father. . *
This alliance met with innumerable difficulties!*
one great reafon why Oliver objedted to it was*
fays, * his correfpondent told me this day, thaj it is reported.
4 that the duke d'Enguien, the prince of Condcliis Qnly
• Ton, is to marry your prote&eur his daughter;, and that
- focours is to be feat from thence to that prince* It is
• certane, that the before faid peace* (the dutch) * Will bq
• mo ft unfavory newes here' — in another letter, bearing daUt
January 17, 1654, at Paris, from the fame writer* « monf«
1 Petit, he fays, that the report of the marriage of- one of
• the daughters of his highnefs my lord protector* with
• the duke of Enguien, fon to the prince of Conde, fcems
1 to have alarmed that court.1 It appears, (hat tip duke of
Buckingham had been looked upon as an eligible match for
one of the protector's daughters. —From an intercepted lettet
written to lord Fairfax,, in 1657, 'after his daughter's mar-
riage to his grace, * that none of the council feemed to
• diflike it, but fuch who pretended their opinion to be,
' that the duke would be a fit match for o#e of the pw*
' te&or's daughters*"
O z profcaWyt
j96 MEMOIRS OF THE
partii. probably, having engaged her in marriage to
v^-v-L/ John Dutton, efq. * who was bequeathed to
7hi3of lady Frances by his uncle, John Dutton, of Sher-
SSJ?4 borne, in Gloucefterlhire, efq. one of the richeft
* Jahii Button, efq. was one of thofe who fmarted under
king Charles the firft's government, having been imprifoned
at Gloucefter for refufing to contribute to the loan ; this,
without his great fortune, was fufficient to procure him
a feat for his own county of Gloucefter, in 1640 ; but per-
ceiving that the popular party were more engaged to over-
turn than eftabUfh the conftitution, he retired to Oxford,
and fat in the. common s houfe there, for which he was
fet down a delinquent, and fined' 521BI. 4s. but ylien
Oliver was.eftabliftied, he eafily pafled his allegiance to him,
perhaps from hatred to a republic, for he was one of the
meekeft, as well as richeft, fubjecls in England. Sir Ralph
Dutton, his younger brother, and father of the gentleman
bequeathed to lady Frances, died before his brother :
he was gentleman of the privy chamber extraordinary to
king Charles I. and high (herirf of Gloucefterlhire, in
1630 ; for his loyalty to his prince, he was ftripped of his
fortune, and intending to get to the. continent* enibarked
on board a veffel going from Leith to France, was beat back,
and by contrary winds caft on Brunt ifland, where he, died,
1646: he left William and Ralph, the former of whom was
to have been the protector's fon-in-law ; difappointed in not
having lady Frances, he married Mary, daughter of John lord
vifcount Scudamore, and relicl of Thomas Ruffel, of Wor-
cefterfliire, efq. he was high (heriff of Gloucefterlhire, 1667 *»
his only fon dying before him, Ralph, his brother, fucceed-
cd him in his eftates, and was created, 30 Cha. II. a baronet.
men
CROMWELL FAMILY. »97
men in the kingdom j who, by his Will, dated partii.
S F C T II
January 14, 1655, and proved June 30, 1657,
left this bequeft, ' I humbly requeft and defire,
Younger
children of
* that his highnefs, the lord prote&or, will be prouSar°r
c pleafed to take; upon him the guardianship and
* difpofing of my nephew' William Dutton, and
* of that eftate I by deed of fettlement hath left
c him, and that his highnefs will be pleafcd, in
* order to my former defires, and according to
* the difcotirfe that hath paffed betwixt us there-
* upon, that when he fhall come to ripenefe of
c age, a marriage may be had and folemnized
* betwixt my faid nephew, William Dutton, and
* the lady Frances Cromwell, his highnefs's
f youngeft daughter, which I much defire, and
* (if it take effeft) fhall account it as a bleffing
4 from God/ Lady Frances and mr. Rich, not-
withftanding this and other impediments, over-
came all difficulties, but not without great trou-
ble, as you will fee in a letter from lady Mary,
her fitter, to Henry Cromwell, lord deputy of
Ireland ; but as it is too long for infertion here, it
is given in the proofs and illuftrations* ; the
* Vide letters II in the proofs and illuftrations.
O 3 fame
igS MEMOIRS OF THE
PAtiTH. fame reafon induced me alfo to place a p*psr
^-v^w there, relating to the fettlement upon the
^uiIS' of marriage*, and the Certificate, that the wed-
praaur." d*ng was duly performed, according to the
forms then in being f; it is fufiicient here to
mention only that the marriage was folemnized
november n, 1657, with much folemnity and
iplendor.
The lady's happinefs, which feemed fo much
to depend upon the gaining this hufband, was
but (hart lived, for he was cut off foon after,
dying february 16, having been married only
two months; unfortunately (he had no iflbe
by mn Rich j had he lived fome time longer
(he would have been a countefs ; and had ihe
had a ion by him, the child would have inhe-
rited the title of the earl of Warwick.
She did hot long remain a widow;, her re-
lation, fir John Ruflel, bart, folicited and
obtained her hand j by him file had ajiume-
* Vide letters KK in the proofs, &c.
f Vide letters LL in the proofs, &c. "
tons
CROMWELL FAMILY. 199
rous family: the prefent baronet, fir John partil
* # SECT. UL
RufTel, is dcfccndcd from the marriage. ^~<~~
Youoger
cfciMre* «f
She had alfo the misfortune to bury this f\<*t&<*t.
gentleman, not many years after their mar-
riage ; after which flie had a pofthumous fon,
She remained his widow till her death,
which was the long fpace of fifty -one years;
unhappily for her, Ihe faw the fine cftate of
the Ruflfels ruined in fupporting the laws and
liberties of the kingdom, and by an attachment
to the perfon of a monarch, who m*de but
poor returns for fo generous an afliftance ; the
ample jointures Ihe enjoyed were Sufficient to
have enriched her family, had they been ma-
naged with discretion, which it is probable
they were not ; frugality, how neceffary fbever,
was feidom or never adopted by any of her
family, and, we may prefume, was unknown
to her.
She died January 27, 1720-1, at the very
advanced .age of eighty-four, after furviving
04 all
joo MEMDIRT OF THE*
p a r t n. all het brothers and fifters* : it is extraordinary
S K'C T. Ii.
\l^^w that we know fo little of this lady after Ihe be-
cinutr«orof came a wife, as during fo many years, many
^"tfiM? peculiar ciroumftances muft have arifen well
worth noticing, in the daughter of Cromwell,
and one to whom a mighty monarch paid his
^ddreffesf,
She certainly was an amiable and accom-*
plifhed lady : fir Richard Baker's continuator,
fpeaking of Oliver's daughters, fays, c thefc
* ladies are fo virtuous they defence a better
* None of the writers of the hiftory of the Cromwell or
Ruffel family, have been able to afcertain the time of the death
of lady Frances Ruffel ; I difcovered it in Pointer's chrono-
logical hiftory of Great-Britain, but I could not learn where
fhe was buried ; I had Qnce fupppfed that a neat monument,
ere&ed againft one of the walls in the chancel of Banyell
church, in Cambridgeftiire, was to her memory ; but the
date pf the monument does not agree With that of her
death. The concifcncfs pf the infeription. led me \o fuppofc
if refpected this lady.
t DoSor Smollct knew fo little of the protect or?s family,
that he fays, his fourth daughter « lived in a ftate p(
f cplibacy.* ' . •
f father/
CROMWELL FAMILY. Sox
c father;' and the author of the hiftory of partil
SECT.II.
England during the reigns of the Stuarts, v-*-v>^
allures us, that all of the protestor's daughters , M\dr*?4>t
' were admited, beloved, and efteemed for proteaV
c thfcir beauty, virtue, and good fenfe/ and
it is obfervable, that they were all of them
attached to the royal family, except the eldeft,
who was a fevere republican.'— Mr. Hollis, as
appears by f his life/ was in pofieflion of a
portrait of the lady Frances, Walker pinxit,
circa, ann. 1656; reprefenting her fitting,
with pigeons upon a table.
After Oliver was declared protestor, his
daughters refided chiefly in apartments of one
of the palaces, and fuch attention was paid to
them by foreign princes and ftates, that their
ambaffadors conftantly paid their compliments
to thefe ladies, both when they came into,
or left the kingdom,
PART
«es MEMOIRS OF THE
PART III.
i
SECTION U
fart in* rr^HE reader has feen one of the Cromwell^
*v^~^ * by an unparalleled revolution, afcend the
f<™t\w throne of thefe kingdoms; he will here be pre-
fer* jHetec. fen|ed wkh another,who> though he peaceably fuc-
ceeded to the feme grand elevation, fell from the
giddy dream of grandeur* arid left cnot a wreck
* behind! to any of his name.orkiodred,
. Richard Cromwell, the third* but eldefl: fw-
vmag fan of. the ptote&or Oliver* w^$ born at
Huntingdon* oftober 4^ 1626* and baptized at
St. John's church, in that towa the niaetteenth of
the feme month * probably, his. uncle, Richard
Cromwell* efq. was Qne of the fjponfbrs* and gave
him his chrifttan name.
He received his education, at Jeaft the latter
part of it, with his brothers* Oliver and Henry, at
Felfted* in the county of Effex, where he was fent>
that he might be under the eye of his maternal
grandfather*
CROMWELL % FAMILY. ; S03
grandfather, mr. John Bourchier, who refided at partiil
that place*. s-^v~*
Richard
CromwelJ,
May 27, 1 647, he was admitted to the fo^ [or? pr0tCC"
ciety of Lincoln's Inn, having then nearly com-
plicated his twenty-.firft year ; mr. Thurloe (fo
well known afterwards as fecretary of ftate to '
both his father and himfelf) was one of his fecu-
ritiesf.
Whilft he was here, he took no great pains to
gain a knowledge of the law, fpending his time
chiefly in the purfuits of pleafurc J 5 and it is re-
markable, that dhen the nation was torn in pieces
by faftion and civil war, lie lived, inactively, in
the temple •, and what is ftill more obfervable,
when his father was fighting the battles of the
parlement, he was the companion of the moft
loyal cavaliers, and frequently drank health and
fuccefs to the arms of the fovereign whom his
* Hiftory of the county of Eflex, given in a furvcy of
England and Wales.
+ Sir James Barrow's anecdotes of the Cromwell family.
j Several lives of the p rot eft or Oliver.
father ,
504 MEMOIRS aF THE
part in. father was dethroning* ; and when that unhappy
SECT I
*J^^/ monarch was condemned to die, he was fo ftruck
Cwmitu "' w^ horror ^or h's approaching fate, that he threw
m r*ot*c. himfelf upon Iiis knees, 2nd pleaded the caufe of
fallen majefty ; but the dye had been fome time
caft, and Oliver was inexorable to the tears and
earneft entreaties of this his child f .
Soon after that melancholy cataftrophe* he ob-
tained, by the eminence to which his family toas
'rifing, a very eligible marriage with Dorothy,
cldeft daughter of Richard Major, of Hurfley, in
the county of Hants, efq. with whom, he had a
very confiderabie fortune. The whole of this
-ncgpciation is.inferted in another place J.
After his marriage, he retired to Hurfky,
where he rofided, and became quite the country
gentleman/ indulging himfeif in alf the rural
fports of the age, fuch as hunting, hawking, &c.
* Richard's ufual toaft was, I drink the health to our
landlord, and this alfo after the kings decapitation.
f Biographia Britannica, article Oliver Cromwell.
* Vide letters MM in the proofs and i 11 u ft rations.
and
CROMWELL FAMILY. .205
and whilft here he did not depart from his former JTAtvr nt
SFCT L
loyal principles, having the fame attachment for >w~»*~Ls
xhe Xon as her had born to the father, and ufcd all cJUwii,;
his endeavours to fervcfueh of the loyalifts a$ fell £. *,faMI>
into inconveniences on that account * ; he was
alfo'ftill inattentive to the public concerns, Vfcry
uxuridus, and not very frugal in his expence$-j\ :
In this happy Retirement he lived for fome
time, hut upon his father's advancement to the
protectorate, he was made firil lord of trade and
navigation, november u, 1655$, andjnauguft,
1656, he was returned one of the coynty mem-
bers for Hants, ; ■+
In auguft, "1657, he had a narrow efcape from
being crulhed to death, by the giving way of the
flairs of the banqueting-houfe, when the mem*
* Several hiftories of England. m
+ Vide Utters NN in the proofs and illuft rations, in
which is given feven letters, written by the protector, to
his brother-in-law, Major, in'all of which, except the laft,
there is fbmething of Richard's expenfivenefs, or his little
inclination to buGnefs.
* Heath's chronicle.
bers
to6 MEMOIRS OF THE
part hi. bers of parlement were going to pay their refpeds
>«^v^-/ to Oliver * he had forne of his bones broken by
CrMw«u, the accident, but youth and a good conftitutioA
*<w. pr°tec" foon got the better of it*.
>
The prote&or having refigned the chancellor-
fhip of Oxford, july 3, 1657, the uiuverfity, to
ihew their regard for the family of their fove-
reign, eledted Richard for his fucceffor, the eigh-
teenth day of the fame month -, he was inftalfcd
at Whitehall upon the twenty-ninth following >
and to do him ftill greater honor, he was at the
. lame time created a mailer of arts, in a convo-
cation of dodtors and mafters of the univerfity,
afiembled at the palace for that purpofe f.
Soon
* Heath's chronicle, and Thurlocs ftatc papers.
f Wood's Fafti. Seal's hiftory of the puritans, and feve-
ral other writers* When Richard was elected chancellor of
Oxford,«do&or Owen was removed from the vice-cbancel-
lorfhip, and doctor John Conant placed in his room,; after
he was prote&or, both Owen and Goodwin were deprived
of St. Mary's : it is probable, that the prote&or did not
regard them from their over fan&ity. Owen, upon his
being deprived of St, Mary's pulpit, highly refented it, and
determined
CROMWE^i FAMILY. «*|
Soon after he was fwora a privy <ounfeH<flr> rA*rta*
5£cr,t»
made a colonel in the army *, and lee at the head - -*-vw
of the new made hoofe of lords, and etokkd, the clt^i,
.right honourable the lord Richard, ekkjft ion *£ <£
his ferene hjghnefi, the lord prcte&or,
Oliver was very cautions In bringing his fod
into any place under his government, for fear of
alarming the republicans, who could no* think
of feeing that office made hereditary ; befides*
many of the leading men of that party raifed
their expectations fo high, as to think of fuo
determined to fet up a leisure in another church, faying,
4 1 have built feats at Mary's, but let the doclor find audi* v
* tors, for I will preach at Peter's in the eaft." TJtcfe very
devout and heavenly men were great boaftcrs of their owtt
holinefs 5 they unfeinted the apofUes, to give that appel-
lation to themfelves. Thefe faints were not without te*
venge, for Owen was a principal in depriving Richard of
his power, Goodwin blafphemoufly (aid, in a prayer at
Whitehall, after Oliver's death, ' thou haft deceived us,
* and wc are deceived,' becaufc they had prophefied^ that
Oliver would not die that illncfs.
* An istcrcepted. letter, in Thurloc s ftale papers, fays,
that Richard. was declared genera liflimo Si all his father's
forces a few weeks before his death ;. but, pjob*Uy, it was
oaly a report,
ceeding
208
MEMOIRS OF THE
Richard
Cromwell,
lord protec-
tor.
part in. ceeding to it ; this is probably the principal rea*
S EC T« \» i
ion Why Richard was never preferred to any
place in the army, or at court, till his father was
more folemnly inaugurated and confirmed in his
prote&orfhip * $ when he went as far, perhaps,
as he durft, without divulging his intention of
declaring him his fucceffor.
He is generally reprefented as diflatisfied with
his father's grandeur, as not thinking it built
upon a good foundation t > however that was,
he
* It is, certain, that Oliver amufed the principal perfons
in the army with an idea, that he had no thoughts of raifing
any of hisfons above the poft of private gentlemen, and this
lie carried on for fome time, for obvious reafons : in a let-
ter to Fleetwood, fo late as June 22, 1655, he fays, fpeaking
of his fons, « The Lord knows, my deGre was that both of
* them fhould have lived private lives in the country ;* and
,this too at a time when he was meditating to raife Kenry
to the viceroy fbip of Ireland, and to bring forth his eldeft
to the public : to be known by, and form connexions with
the leading perfons of both court and army ; yet he protefU
to Fleetwood, he has no fuch thoughts, and appeals to
Henry for the truth of his aflertion. Thurloe's Mate pa-
pers. This letter is mentioned in Fleetwoods life.
+ Perhaps Richard, afterwards proteclor, was for fome
time Icfs faustied with his father's grandeur, and of its per-
manency
CROMWELL FAMILY. 209
he did not hefitate a moment in accepting of part irx,
.sect.l
his honors, when he was declared his fucceffor ; ^^^
the fplendor of fovereignty, perhaps, was too cromwcii,
f t r/L j lord protect
glittering to be refitted, tor.
It is not my intention to write the hiftory
of thefe nations during his government, which
lafted only ieven months and twenty-eight days*
when, from his little expellee* the ambition
and perfidy of many of his relations, his deli*
cacy in not facrificing even an individual to
his fafety *, the fa6Hon of the independent mi-
niftersf, his con fen ting- to diffolve a parlement
which
roanency, from the predi&ion of John Heydon, one of the
pretended aftrologers, who foretold, that Oliver would in-
fallibly be hanged ; bat as he outlived the time appointed
for that ceremony, it might remove his apprehenfions.-—
Had Richard and Thurloe, when they went to confult the
wizard in perfon, inftead of difguifmg themfelves as cava-
liers, waited upon him as the fon and fecretary of the
proteflor,. they would have received a v*ry contrary an-
fwer.— -Grainger's biography.
* Vide letters 00 in the proofs and iljuftrations.
t Dr. Owen, who was at the head of the independent
minifters was invited, with do&or Man ton, by the junto
Vol. I. f ^ of
**6 • MEMOIJtS OF THfi
Part m. which was devoted to his intereft,.a mutinous
s ECT. I.
v^~v~w army, a nation diftra&ed by faction, and an
croiiiwcif, empty treafury; obliged him to r%fign the
ior. pr° ec" fcepter into the hands of the republican long-
parlement* : and thus fell the houfe of Crom-
well, from the fovfcreignty of one of the
greateft nations upon earth, to the jrank of
private gentleman, without the lofs of a drop
of human blood, though fuch a deluge had
been fhed to raife it to that height.
- Thfcrfe are btft few occurrences during his
lhort adminiftration, that relate to himfelf;
the principal one is, his danger from a fall
of Waiting ford- Houfe, to afGfl at their confutations : th«
latter not going £b foon as the other, heard at his entrance,
a loud voice within, faying, c he muft down, and he (hall
' down.' Manton knowing it was Owen's, and that it was
fpoke of Richard, refufed to go in 5 Owen certainly might
he actuated not a little by revenge •, hut the independents
were lovers of a republican form of government.
" * Bifhop Burnet, in concluding the hiftory of Richard,
fays, fc he had neither genius* nor friends, nor treafure,
• nor army tofupport him.' All, except the firft, is cei-
tainly true, and that, perhaps, in a limited fenfc : he
docs not feem to baVc knowm the art of government ; bu:
of that hereafter.
a from
CROMWEtL FAMILY. kit
from his horfe in takrng'his favourite divfcriion part lib-
- SECT, I-'
of hawking ; wheh he* through excefs of ea- wv^
gbrntfs ift the fport, outrode his retinite, arid cro^di,
his horfe either from reftivenefs* or leaping Z. ?m
fliort, threw him into a cfitcft, from which he
was extricated by a -countryman* before his
hbrfe guards could come up j and this, it is
faid, toas the only time the good humoured
ibvereign was ever difpleafed with his at-
tendants**
The tepufclicahs were no foonef pfcfiefled of*
the government, than they fent to defire him
to leave the palace of Whitehall, as not think-
ing it fafe to permit* one who had been thd
chief governor, to continue in the refidence
of the ancient kings* and that too in the me-
tropolis; they alfo, to Ihew that they werp
pofleffed of the fovereignty, ordered him to
furrender up his great fealj and mr. Love,
may 14* according to their commandsi took
it them, when it was broken in pieces f.
* Heath's chronicle.
t Journals of the houfe of comtnoits.
p % ti<
ai* MEMOIRS OF THE
part in. He at firft thought of flyiag, for fear of the
SE CT I
^*s^' republicans, who, he knew were fo averfe to
cr^ii, him* but upon acquainting .Fleetwood with
io£ proiec" the defign* he advifed hicn to remain, as there
was no intention of taking away his life ? but
on the contrary, that, though thej\ had de-
prived him of the government, yet they would
fettle upon him a fortune adequate to his mo-
derate wiflies*> this probably occafioned his
remaining ftill at Whitehall, which not pleating
the parlement, they difpatched fir Henry Vane,
fir Arthur Hafilrig, mr. Scot, and mr. Lud-
low, jnay 21, to defire him to comply with
their former order, which he told them he
would do with all convenient fpeeds but im-
patient to make him quit the palace, and
fearful of fome revolution in his favour, as
degraded power is always pitied, they fent his
; relation, lord chief juftice St. John, with an-
other gentleman, tp infill upon a pofitive
anfwer, and to know whether he would ac-
quiefce in the prefent proceedings j but to
fweeten the meflage, they promifed, upon his
* Orleans rcvolutioa^in England.
compliance,
CROMWELL FAMILY. $l$
compliance, that they would proyide for the partus
SECT. ^
payment of his debts, arid procure an honor- ^r^->/
able fubfiftence for himfelf and family * j ^pon ciomweii,, ,
which be fent a fubmiffion in writing, prp- tar.
mifing not to difturb their government^, and
with it a fchedule of his debts J.
The houfe having read both, were fatisfied*
and agreed to take upon themfelves the pay-
ment of his debts, ta the amount mentioned
in his fchedule, upon condition that he fhould
peaceably leave Whitehall, and difpofe of
himfelf as his private occafions required, and
to further encourage him to do this, they
took him under their protection, and referred if
to the committee for infpe&ion of the tre^fpry,
to ftate the debt, and think *)f the beft man-
ner of paying it, and report it to the houfe;
which haying done, it was refolved, that
twenty thoufand pounds fhould be advance^
Jiim for his prefent occafions, and £Q defray
* JovraaU of the houfe of common*.
f Vide letters PP in the proofs and ilh&xixfans,
J Yitft letteri QQ in the fame,
p3 '**
Ii4 MEMOIRS OF THI
f art nt? the expences of his removal, and the couneil
* EC t.i. r
***~^>* pf ftate were to fee it paid*; it was likewife
Richard
Cromwcii, refolded, that a committee fhould be ap-
ford protcc- ...
l^t pointed to confider of the moft eligible man-
ner of fettling a comfortable and honorable
fubfiftence upon him; and his uncle, Jones,
yra$ defired to take care of it j\
The -degraded prote&or at this time flood
in need of the affiftance of the parlement, as
1 He now felt all the inconveniencies of the
involved fituation of his affairs 3 for the cre-
ditors to whom he was in debt for the pom-
pous funeral of his father, became extremely
clamorous, and one of them had the boldnefs
to iffue out a writ againft him ; and his palace
was furrounded with all the bailiffs of Mid-
fllefexj,
* Journals of the houfe of commons, Ludlow's memoirs,
&c. tne former fays, the fura granted by the parlement was
dnly spool, but as all the Others fay 2o,oool. we may
yeafonably fuppofe that a cypher has been dropped in the
printing,— 2 000 1, would have been rather an affront or
jnfult, (|iaji a fervice done him.
f Journals of the houfe, of commons.
1 death's chronicle.
The
CROMWELL FAMILY. $1$
The houfe not fo fpon complying- with the part in,
SECT. I.
de&re o£ the army grandees (who either were, w^^
or affe&ed to be, difpleafed with this flight cwnwdi,
put, upon him) petitioned, that the whole of l0r. pcotec"
his and his father's debts, contracted * fines
december 25, 1653, fhould be paid; and that
one hundred thoufend pounds per ann. Ihould
be fettled upon him and his heirs; and ten
thoufand pounds more for, his mother; that
c a mark of the high efteem this nation hath
c of the good fervices done by his father, our
e ever repowned general, may remain to pof»
c terity V
The parlement, frighted at this language
from the army, who, they knew, wilhed for
an opportunity to make a breach, promifed to
take their requeft into confideration, and or-
dered, that it fhould be referred to the council
of pate ; accordingly fir Arthur Hafilrig re-
ported, to the parlement, june 4, that it was the
opinion of that council, that the parlement
Ihould, by their order, be pleafed to exempt
* Ludlow's memoirs, &c«
P 4 * and
si$ .MEMOIRS OF THE
part in. and fecure him, for the fpirce of fix months
SECT) I»
s^-v^-w from all arrefts pf debt, that fomc method
cromwcii, might, in the mean time be agreed upon to
«^ protec ^jjfy^gg fcs dpbts, according to the declara-
tion of the houfe*.
But ftill as he remained in the palace of
Whitehall, an order was ma4e from a report
from the council of fefety, that that palace
fliould be cleared in fix days of all perfons
whomfoever, except fuch as fhould be allowed
by parlement, and that it fhould be made
ready for the members of the council j this,
though his name was not mentioned, was
done entirely with a defign to oblige him to
leave it 5 and to get him peaceably to comply,
it was carried, thirtyrfi5c againft nineteen, that
what was due for his father's funeral fliould
be examined by a committee, and that they
fhould conffder how it might be paid without
prejudice or charge to the commonwealth;
and to fhew that they were willing to do it,
they appointed a committee of twenty-eight
* Journals of the houfe of commons.
* ■ %
CROMWELL FAMILY. *i7
for that purpofe, of which his relations Fleet- part nir
• -. sect. 1.
wood ami Walton were two, and five were z v^-v-w
fufficient number to aft; and they were or- ctomweii,
dered to meet the next day at three o'clock, tor. P **
in the inner court of wards *»
Richard, as he knew the members of the
houfe hated him, laid little ftrefs upon their
promifes ; and Fleetwood, who pretended ^
regard for the brother he had ruined, merely to
intimidate the parlement, advifed him upon
his leaving Whitehall. {which he could not,
without coming to a rupture, refufe) but
jnftead of retiring to his feat at Hurfley, to
go to the palace of Hampton-Court, where he
fome time after refided j\
This really alarmed the parlement, and was
produ&ive of confequences that might have
been wry advantageous to him had not the
jreftoration taken place ; for, jurie the fixteenth,
they agreed to fettle a very ample revenue
* Journals of the houfe of commons,
t (Aidlow's memoir?*.
upon
tor.
218 ' MEMOIRS OF TH1
fart in. upon him agd his heirs; but it, with the con-
x-^v^w ditions upon which it was given, are too long
crpmwcii, tor this place*.
^prd proicc-
He remained inadtive not only during the
fitting of the rump parlement, but alfo during
the frequent revolutions that followed j- : fome
who had lefs to fear from his than his ma-
jefty's reftoration, wifhed to fee him agair*
prote&or, efpecially Lambert -, who, when he
found his ambitious fchemes ruined, anxioufly
petitioned colonel Ingoldfby to join in fet-
ting him u'pon the throne again; and this
he thought the colonel would be the more
inclined to do from his regard to his unfor-
tunate . relation ; but Ingoldfby knew it was
then too late to attempt it, and befides he
had then made his peace with the. king £•
* Vide letters RR iij the proofs and illuftratfpns.
r. t Father Orleans fays, Richard remained in the palace
after his abdication, without any aciion, * like a ftatue that
' makes an unbecoming ornament.1 Oldmixon, I think
it is, who fays, he was r left a poor, deflitute, forfaken
' creature, in Whitehall 4* and Heath, that the republican
foldiers even took away the dHhes going to his table.
J Various hiftories of England .
Upon
« CROMWELL FAMILY. ' 113
Upon the meeting of the healing parle- PARTiir.
SECT L
ment, when anarchy was to give way to the s^-v^
return of the old conftitution, he retired to clomweii,
Hurfley, and the very day the king's return |j£ prowf
was voted, he fent a refignation of "the chan-
cellorfhip of Oxford, is he found he could
not any longer ferve that uriiverflty, and this
he did to fulfil a promife that he had made,
that he would no longer hold that place than
he could doit with advantage to them 5 and
knowing how obnoxious he muft be to the
exiled monarch, now coming home to poffefs
that birth- right which his father and himfelf
had fo long with-held from him,, he thought
it prudent to retire to the continent*.
It is fingXilar that his name w£s not men-
tioned in either houfe of parlement 5 and lord
Clarendon fays, that he fled more -for fear of
his debts, than of the king; * who thought k
* nQt neceffary to enquire after a man fo
< long forgotten f:' it is certain king Charles
* Vide letters SS in the proofs and illuftrations.
t Gk'WdQU.'s Jiiftqry of England.
the
t8» MEMOIRS OF THE
fart hi. thefecond ihewed as merciful a difpofition at
SECT. I
^~*-L, his reftoration, as his. parlement did a fan-
Oomweii, guinary one* but if he was. in ho danger of
^r i>rot«c ^js jj^ ^ certainly was .of his liberty; for,
as he had received but little from his grant,
And as. no more could be expefted, he had
not fufficient to defray the vaft funis he owed
on the public account (if the ekpences of his
father's funeral, and the fums he had laid
dowfl for the ftate, could be confidered as
filch) befides great part of the property he
had was fuch as wquld of .courfe revert to
the crown* or to fuch petfons from whom it
bad been unjuftly taken by the long-parle-
ment, apd given to his father*! he kne^his
creditors
'* Ludlow fay's, the parlement tad undertaken to pay
more tlian thirty ihoiifand pounds, but if is uncertain
artrethcr they »4bftljy did pay the wfcoje of that fumj and
ihough, according to that gentleman, he was left in pof-
fefliou of more than eight thoufand pounds per annum,
befides woods, plate, jewels, and Ather things of value •»
and this, perhaps, exdofivcly of the addition granted him
by the parlement, whj^ would certainly revert to the
crown at the restoration ; yet he was far from having fuf-
ficient to fupport himfelf as a country gentleman, for great
part of this eight thoufand pounds per annum, was what
)U4
CROMWELL FAMILY. , *»*i.
creditors would fhew no delicacy, and lyd he * art in,
S E C X. I»
tjeen arretted for any part of t%is numeftyus debts* ^^^
he could hope for no lenity from government ; cro^weii,
lord pr&tec^
they would havq been pleated. t<? have teen the w.
man they regarded as an ufurper confined in a
common prifon, .an4 treated with, contempt % h©
therefore jtidged prudently in leaving Britain*,*
As it was fuppofed king Charles would relent
the many flights the flench court had put upon
his father and himfclf kad received Jfroa* due parietaetiir;
and belonged to the marquis of Worcefter, or were grants
or purchafes made of the ancient dtmefne of the crown?
both of which would gb again to their rigTit owners ; be-
fides, ic was incumbered wit-h considerable debts, and fhfc
money which Oiiver Md4ent to the Turkey And Eaft India
companies, were, together with his lands, declared for-
feited to the crown ; fo that, from all thefe leffes and debts,
with that contracted by the pompous funeral of his father,
reduced his property to very narrow limits, and psohably.
he had nothing whatever to flibGft upon for fome time*,
the money made of the rich family furniture and valuables
excepted ; for "Hurfley he was not then (nor perhaps ever)
in pofteffton of, till after his fon's death.
* I have no where* feen whefrthe protector Richard lift
England, but from what falls from Ludlow, who fays, be
himfeif embarked in the fame (hip that had conveyed him
over ; it could'npt, therefore, be later in 1660 than July or
*»guft, when be failed.
him,
*S3 MEMOIRS OF THE
part it I. him, and that it might involve the nations in a
Sli C T I
v^^-L/ war, Richard judged it would b£ morfc fafe for
QoLwtii, &m t0 ta^e up his rcfidence in a place more tin-
lord proicc- ^^p^^bie than that kingdom,- and fixed upon
Geneva k, he paffed through Bourdeaux and the
provence of Languedoc, and fo to Pezenas, a
very pleafant town, in his way to that little re^
public : the prince of Conti had a palace here*
where he f efided as governor of the province :
in this place, fays lord Clarendon, he (Richard)
* made fome ftay, and walking abroad to enter-
* tain himfelf with the view of the fituation, &nd
c of many things worth the feeing, he met with a
:c perfon who well knew him* and was well known
* by him, the other having been always of his
* father's and of his party ; fo that they were
cglad enough to find themfclves together.'- -
The pther told him* " that all ftrangers who
<c came to that town ufed to wait upon the prince
*c of Conti, the governor of that province, who ex-
" pe<5ted it, and always treated ftrangers, and par-
<c ticularly the englifh, with much civility : that
" he need not be known, that he himfelf would
cc firft go to the prince, and inform him, that
<c another englifh gentleman was palling through
«• that
CROMWELL FAMILY. 523
«* that town towards Geneva, and would be glad part in.
4* to have the honor' to kifs his^harKte" The v-^w
« prince received hittl with great civility and ctomwdi, *
*: grace, according' to ' his flutUidl cuftom, and/ J°* pPotcc"
4 after a few words, begun to < difcourfe of the
' affairs of England, and afked many queftions
* concerning the kirfg, and whether all men were
* quiet, and fubmitted obediently to him, which
cxhe orther anfwered briefly, according to the'
« truth. " Well," faid the prince, " Oliver,
"though he was a traytor and a Villain, was a
" brave fellow, had great parts, great courage,'
" was worthy to command ; but that Richard,
" that coxcomb, coquin, poltroon, was furely
*c the bafeft fellow alive ; What is become of
" tliat fool ? How is it poflible that he ihould
" be fuch a fot ?" He anfwered, •'he was be-
" trayed by thofe whom he moft trufted, and
** who had sbeen moft obliged by his father* ;"
1 fo being weary of his vifit, quickly toqk his
• leave, and the next morning left the town, out
* of fear that the prince might know that he was
c the very fool and coxcomb he had mentioned
* Whitlock, who fo well knew Richard'* hifloiy, fays,
that his luin was owing to his relations,
'fo
AH MEMOIRS OF THE
fart in. c'fo kindly. And withjn two days after, the
SECT I
^^+J- c prince did come to know who it was whom he
c^wcii, ' ^d treated fo weJU and whom before he had
lora procec-. c ^Jjgygj tQ be a maQ not vc|y gj^ Qf ^ Jong's
4 reiteration V
He did -not long remain at Geneva; fork
appearing that his majefty .{hewed but too great
an attachment to a nation that were the natural
enemies of his kingdoms, and had been moft
perfonally fo to himfelf, he left the territory of
that fmall ftate where he could not be unknown,
and went and refided at Paris, in mean lodgings,
in an obfcure part of the city, and with only one
fervant to attend upon himf ; a fine leflbn, this,
to arm the ambitious again ft fixing the mind too
piuch upon the vanity and uncertainty of human
grandeur; but here unknown, unnoticed, and
under a borrowed name, with the preffufes of
fortune, if not poverty, he could not complain
when he and his father had fo long made their
* Lord Clarendon's hiftory of the rebellion.
+ Same author and work, with do&or Gibbons, ami
feveral other authors.
.* fovereign
CROMWELL FAMILY. 825
foveteign live in exile, and fo poor, as not to be part lift
able to keep a carriage. But what can be faid of ^v~L>
his relations and friends, that they did not affift Cro«wcii,
him in his prefent exigency ; thofe who were fo tor. pi0W°*
greatly obliged to the Cromwells, under whom
they had fo much enlarged their own fortunes r—
but he was in diftrefs* and no longer a fovereign,
and confequently defpifed and forgotten.
In this fituation he continued at Paris (except
another fhort interval fpent at Geneva for the
fame reafons as occafioned his going there be-
fore) until about the year 1680 * * at which time*
having overcome mi>ft> if not all of his pecuniary
difficulties* and knowing the unpopularity of the
court, he ventured to return to his own country,
and chiefly refided at a houfe near the church* m
Chefhqnt, a few miles from- Loudon* where he
had, I think* aa efcate 2 here he lived under an-
other ngmef, and unknown, except to a few
friends $
* London magazine for ifti*
t The name mr, CromwelL auumed* tome fay, was
Wallis ; but more, that it was Clark ; perhaps he might
(as the author of the hiftory of England during the reigns of
the Stuarts obfems) ufe both at different times 3 the reafon
Vol.1. Q affigned
S26 MEMOIRS O* THE
PART III.
SECT. I.
Richard
tor.
friends -, he indeed Courted privacy and retire-
ment, but did not live the life of a reclufe,
Cromweii, making occafional vifits to his friends ; but he
lord procec- ° ^ 7
cautioufly avoided fpeaking of his former' eleva-
tion to his itioft intimate acquaintance. Dr.
Watts, who was frequently with him, fays, he
never knew him fo much as glance at his former
ilation above once, and that in a very diftant
manner.
One would have now thought, that he had
weathered every ftorm, and that he would retire
to the filent grave in peace, if not in happinefs ;
but this was not the cafe ; by the death of his
only fon without iffue, his daughters, forgetting
their duty, and even humanity, commenced a
fuit to obtain immediate pofleffion, . upon the
prefumption, that it became vetted in them,
though their father was then living.
The. venerable old man was obliged, for
this reafon, to perfonally appear in court) the
afiigried for it is, that he did, trot cliufe to be catted by h»s
owr*, becaufe of the liotice people would take of him, as one
who had experienced fuch great1 viciffitudes of fortune.
judge,
CROMW-ELL FAMILY. **7
judge*, (truck with the fad* reverfe of fbr- partiii.
_ SECT. I.
tune* and the ftill more difficult to be borne, ^^^^
unfeeling behaviour of his daughters, in a cromweii, .
manner that did honor to him, both as a ma- Z. prolcc-
giftr^te and a gentleman : he ordered a chair
to be brought into court for himj and infifted> on
account of his very advanced age* 'that hfe would
fie covered *, when, after fpeaking with a be-
coming feverity at the fhameful treatment of
his daughters, made an order in his favor ; ob-
ferving* that they mi^ht have permitted an aged
parent to enjoy his fights in peace for the fmall
remains of life.
* Itisfaid, that this judge was lord chancellor Cowpcr*
but it could not be him, as that nobleman was not appointed
to the office till 17141 two year* after Richard's death : it is
more pjobabje to be cither fir. Nathan Wright, declared
chancellor in 1706, the commifiioncrs of the great Teal, at
the head of which was 'fir' Thomas Trevor (a relation of
Richard's) who fucceeded fir Nathan in 17 10, or fir Simon
Harcourt, ' afterwards lord Harcourt,. who was. made Jotd
keeper in 17 10, and lord chancellor in 17 13. Grainger
ty*i it Was not any of the chancellors, but the lord chief
juftice Holt 3 and from his, well known accuracy, I Ihould
think him right. Sir John Holt was appointed lord chief
juftice of the king's bench, april 17, 1689.
Q2 It
A28 MEMOIRS OF THE
part in. It was fuppofed, that Pengelly (who long
SECTI
»^J after this became chief baron of the exchequer)
clomwdi && coujifet rectified by him, from his uncommon
" prol** »»* for his client, and for fome other reafons,
now unknown, was fuppofed to be a natural fon
of his employer % and Richard's known gallan-
tly made it the more probable * it is certain,
thecouftfellor gained much, praife from his judi-
cioufly conducing the affair*.
W WjojKd ft good ffyte of health to the kft,
apd va§< tp hale 4r4 l^arty, that at fourfcw he
would gallop his horfe for feveral miles together;
in his laft illnefs, and juft before his departure, he
fotd to his daughters, * live in love, I am going
'to thp God of love :f he dkd July *j, 1712,10
the eighty-fixth year of his -age ; Dr. Gibbons,
3fld the Biogsaphia Britannia* fiy, at Chelhunt;
mr« Nari, at Theobald's : his ranaia* weqs coor
* Hbwftng LufoaY account of the Cromwell family,
„ gsveji ia Hugb'st letter^ and* in the Loadoft magaftiae*—
Thomas Pengelly, eiq. fajeaat at- law, we* knighted, may l9
1 7 19, and was made chief baron of the exchequer, otaber
3«, 1726, in whip)* he was univerfally. admiwd for his
probity, and his ecp*al difl^ution.Qf jiifticf*
dufted
CROMWELL FAMILY. n'9
du&ed to Hurfley, and dcpofited with ftin&al pakthi.
SECT Iv
pomp in the chancel of that church* near to fab s*~J+J
i_ Aw Richard
lady- Cromwell,
lord protec-
tor.
It is inconceivable the abufe this gentleman
fuffered from the cavaliers* and republicans ; the
former exhibited him as -a fubje£fc of derifion in
their fongsf; he has been called the meek
knight £ tumble-down dickfl, queen dick§, and
fuch contemptuous names: one writer fays, he
had not one of die great qualities of his father*
and hardly an/ of a gentleman f* but this is
* It is a proof of Richard's goodnefs, thatmr. Smotler*
who was fo rnuch^tttached to the houfc of &tuartt thdlittl
give him an amiable character,
t Vide tetter Tt in tbe proofs *riti ilkjferati&n* f
J Grainger's biography, [| laid.
$ \Vood's fafti. rife fays rfiere were * Tife difcoutfcs of
'Hickard IV. but they pftvfel fcfc fettkt tha* At ftdty o£
1 qneen Dick/
f Okb*ix6ttt *h» {fys* that (Mitetr kad left «Seftiea»
and the worft opinion of the capacity of Richard; than of
any of his children ; it would be difficult to prove the
former ; it is quite as true as that he hevef \f&t Bettgirej kf
hit father for hi* rotedfefe as that writer Hat O&rtttd 5 for
if fo, why did he name hiiri fuch ?
Qj only
*3° MEMOIRS OF THE
part in. only the language of prejudice and party ; he
y^^J could not be expefted to be converfant in pub-
c/omweii, lie bufinefs, both from his inattention, and the
ior. /* ** little or no experience he could have, as he was
almoft totally excluded from the affairs of go-
vernment during his father's protedtorate ; his
impolicy was well known to his brother •, but
when we fee him furrounded with traitors and
enemies, upon whofe friendlhip and fidelity he
depended, it is no wonder he was unable to
keep his elevated rank ; and the more fo, if we
bfelieve biihop Burnet, that even his father's arts
were all exhaufted, and that it was fuppofed,
^hat he could not have kept his place jnuch
longer ; whilft he retained hi$ power, it wa$
certain* he was not looked ypon in that defpi-
cable light his enemies pretend ; the counties
and towns ; nay, the three kingdoms ftrove which
ihould be jpoft lavifh in his praifes^ and ir\ pro-
fefling their attachment to his government ; fo-
reign powers alfo paid him their congratulations
in a flattering manner; feveral of our englifli
commanders, celebrated for their fkill in the mi-
litary art, did not think it beneath them to accept;
the honor of knighthood from his hand$.\
CROMWELL FAMILY. aji
• It rriiift be granted, indeed, that his'kftow- partiii.
SECT.-l.
ledge of the art of government was very little, %-*~v^*
but this is no reafon why his capacity . fhould croJIwett,
be bad ; there are fa&s that prove the exadt t„. pR>lcc~
contrary; in his anfwer to the french ambaf- *
fador to the condolence and congratulation
which he received from him, c he carried him-
? felf difcreetly, and better than was expe&ed;'
and his fpeech to his parlement was undoubt-
edly "a better than that of his chancellor
Fiennes, though a perfon confeffedly of abi-
lities*. It has been faid, that he wanted fpirit
and delicacy of feeling; that he tamely gave
up his power, but this is certainly only popu-
lar miftake ; for, when the army deferted him,
except one troop of horfe ; feeing Whalley's
regiment of horfe alfo filing off, he opened
his breaft, and defired them to put ah end to
his life and misfortunes at once; and when
the perfidious Fleetwood, Delborough, and
others, endeavoured to perfuade, nay, to
* The chancellor Fiennes began his fpeech after the
protestor Richard, . with- this remarkable expreflion,
4 What; {hall a man fay after a king ?' The chancellor
Was a good fpeaker, but a bad foldier.
Q^4 threaten
24« MEMOIRS OP THE
part in. threaten him, if he did not diffblve his pa*8-
S E C T. I. x
s*-*~w lementj he withftood all their arguments,
c««weJi, their threats, aad felicitations/ till next morn-
tor, ing, though he had none near to fupport his
arguments/ except fecfe?arjr Thurloe*.
He fhewed a proper fenfibility of the
changeablencfs of the nation, when he was
obliged to leave Whitehall * for giving ftri£fc
orders: to his fervants to be very careful of
two old trunks which flood in his wardrobe,
it furprized a friend (hat was near, whp aflced
what they contained, that he was fo careful of
them j ' Why/ replied he, f no lefs than the
* Dr. Galamy, in his life of Howe, before his works ;
Balleie, in his letters, fays, that to the diflblving of theparle-
ment, Richard ? hardly he did confent.' ,Th'e heft advice
that was given him, was to mount his horfe, and appear
at the head of fuch troops as were faithful to him, and
addrefs himfelf to the army ; they wquld certainly have
received him with refpeel, at leaft the common men would ;
but, in the various fchemes offered, the important moment
Was loft, never tp be regained : it may be well to recoiled!,
that Richard's own relation, Defborough, told him, that
if he would not diffolve the parlement, the army would
pull him out of Whitehall.
* liye$
CROMWELL FAMILY, 153
* lives and fortune* of all the good people of partiu.
* JEngkpd,'-— The trunks were filled with the >-*-v^
addjrefles feat from eyery part of the king- cromweii,
dom, expreffing that the falvatjon of the tor. *****
nation depended upon his fafety, gad his ao*
ceptance of the fovereignty* ; thefe addreffe*
he ever after carefully prefer ved, and be-
queathed them to hU friends $ it is obfervable,
that the practice of addreffing commwed Ofi
the accfflion of Richard,
The republicans reprefented him as a man -
of Jittle rpligion, becaufe* when an inferior
officer, that had publicly murmured at the
advancement of fome who had been cavaliers,
* The London magazine fcyi, a lady in Soutfcwark had
the trunk and its contents/ fomc years ago; the addrefs
from Huntingdon, the birth place of both the proteclors,
has been printed. — I have heard that mifs Crom wells of
Hamftcad, are now in poflcflion of the trunk, if not. the
addreOess. It is incredible what compliments were paid to
the deceafed proteclor Oliver, his fucccfTor Richard, the
mother, father-in-law, and other relation! of the latter, in
thefe addrefies ; no great name, in facred or prophane hif-
tory, was omitted, that could do honour to Oliver; he
was compared to Mofes, Zerubbabel, Jo(hua, Gideon, Eli-
jah, David, Solpmon, fiezekiah, Alexander^ Caefar, Con*
ftantine, *c.
and
s34 MEMOIRS OF THE
part in. and was taken to Whitehall to anfwer the charge j
J^^J the proteftor, in a deriding manner, faid, * What,
cremweii, * would you have me prefer none but the godly ?
Cor, prctcc" ' * here is Dick Ingoldfby, who can neither pray
■c nor preach, and yet I will truft fern before you
€ all* :' this cafe only implies, that (aware of the
hypocrify and cant of the times) he preferred one
who had none of either, to thofe who pofiTefled
thofe then*neceflary qualifications, for he certainly
was far from irreligious at this time ; mr. John
Maidftone, in a letter td John Winthorpe, efq.
governor of the colony of Conne&icut, in New-
England, dated at Weftminfter, march 24, 1659*
writes, that * he was a very worthy perfon iiv-
« deed, of an engaging nature and religious dlC-
< pofition, giving great refpeCt to the beft of
* perfons, both miniftcrs and others f ;' and in
the latter part of his life he attended divine wor-
ship regularly every funday X He had not, fays
an author, 4 all that zeal for religion which was
*
Ludlow's memoirs. It certainly was bad policy in
Richard, though it {hewed an opennefs and honefty of dif-
pofition : fome have not fcrupled to fay, that this fpeech
occafioned, in a great degree, his being depofed.
L f Thurloe's ftate papers, + Dr. Gibbous.
« the
CROMWELL FAMILY. *39
' the fafhion of the times,' but continues this: parthi,
SFTT T •
writer* * in the latter part of his life he had real wv^/
< piety * ;' he cejarfnly was far from an auftere c^JUii,
perfon, even in old age $ for thought he pbffeffled tor. P*°lcc*
gravity, he often broke through :it^ to gitfe Way
to, innocent plealantry +. v'
And it muft be acknowledged, . that he pot.
fefled many amiable qualifications, fuch as made
him beloved by many, who, in the hour of his
tfiftrefs, would have ventured even life to ferve
* Neal's hiftory of the puritans. It is impoflible to fay,
what religious fentiments the protector Richard held : an
old man at Hurfley, who, as a tenant's fon, carried a torch
at Richard's funeral, fays, that he recollects no other cir-
cumftance of him, but that his family were very regular
in their attendance at church ; but the rev. S. Gauntlet
informs me, that he has heard that Richard himfelf ufed
to attend an anabaptift meeting at Ramfey, which is five
miles from Hurfley, but this information mr. Gauntlet
kys, cannot be depended upon ; he related this circum-
ftance to the old perfon mentioned above, but could obtain
np fatisfactory anfwer about it ; he does not remember that
he ever few mr. Cromwell either at church* or any other
place.
t Doctor Gibbons,
4 Utn 5
fj« MEMOIRS OF THE
fart xn. himf ; nor was lie himfclf by any meant deftitote
*f frifcndfhip : he kept up a correspondence with
men of hU own principles to his death, and thofe
fubftradcd from forae wild bjbtiofts in religion
deferring ins regard* iuch at mr. Hftwe, mr.
White, mr. Penn, the foufidcr of qtiakerifm, and
others; the former had been his domeftic chap-
lain; and when thut gendemtm was upon his
death-bed, he wenr to fay him a tt$*ftfai viBu
tad take a laft 'fotetfeft of him ; ttaft Wtt« feed
on both fid*s> ami the patting was vtty folemft ft
he was, fays mr, Tongue, wfell efteemed in h?s
neighbourhood ; and he adds, that tfctfe tort fto
* Among many others, lord Fauconberg , do&or Wil-
kins, Ingoldfby, and Howard, were (launch friends of
Richard, and would have riflked even life to (erve him, had
he refolved not to diflblve the parlement ; feveral of the
popular minifters condoled with him, after his fall, with
great humanity and regard. Vide Utters VV in the proofs
and illuft rations.
t Doctor Gibbons. Mt. Hove was a moft worthy
ehriftian, and though prejudiced againft the church of
England, was a meek humble man, and like. Richard, giro*
to innocent mirth ; he had the boldnefs, when Oliver'1
domeftic chaplain, to preach againft lay teachers and to*"
tic prayers.
kind
CROMWELL FA MI 1% *#
kind of blemifh upon his character*} nor have tar to.
SECT I
I ever heard of any, except too great an attach* v^v'
ment to the faSr fex ; and a perfon who knew ci^^H,
him well, acquainted inr. Neal, that « he was a »£ pWI,ft*
9 perfeft gentleman in his behaviour, and well
* acquainted with public affairs f.*
There is a great fimilarity in the fituations of
Richard the proteftor, and king Henry V. at
their accdfions, both theinjpatters ufarped the
fovereign power ^ but their difpo&tions were
* Doclqr Gibbons.
t Neale, 4 hiftory of the puritans*
X The proteclor Oliver. was certainly an ufurper, fo
■were great numbers of our engtHh kings fince the conqueft ;
but he did not take the fuprcroe power fro» the rigfeiftil
earners* vkkk WHy of quj prim«s d& but then h* put
hjs fovereign to death * he certainly was greatly acceffary
to it* fo were feveral of the kings *, but he had no claim
whatever, as he was not of the fame family , what is it then
move flHcoicakfo to depih* the fovereigft oi Ufc* becaufc ho
is * broth** or ^eoufin, than if no way related : H Oliver
was guilty of fo great a crime, fo were feveral of our kings j.
Oliver had f*lf-defenc» to plead, which fame of them
fcaucdjr could ; he* wa& undoubtedly kfs guiby than feve-
raj. of them. Richard had not a fingle crime in his politic
capacity to smfwer fpr ; he was juft fuch an ufurper as lady
Jane Grey.
greatly
S3* MEMOIRS OF THE -
»ARTiir. greatly different ; the former facrificed relatiorW
S£C T I
w-v-L/ andothers to fecure his government, which was
g£^J£u, no better than ufurpation, and even involved
!^protcc~ another nation in blood to obtain a foreign
crown : Richard would hot put a fingle perforr
to death to eftablifh and fecure a power, that all
the nation had declared was his right ; the hero
and politician will certainly applaud the king,
but the philofopher and the chriftian will* per-
haps, be better pleated with the prote&or.
He was blamed for not complying with the
propofal of the daniftx ambaffadbr, in declaring
for the king, when he could no longer be chief
magiftrate himfelf ; but the fcheme was dange-
rous •, the time was not then ripe for that revo-
lution which afterwards took place, though the
nation in general wifhed fork; even the artful
perjured Monk durft not, for fome time after
this, declare his intentions * and had the ambaffa-
dor's fcheme mifcarried, he might have beta
irretrievably ruined, nothing ' lefs than death
would have fatisfied ; it is therefore an argument
of his wifdom in not giving occafion for his Jene-
mies to treat him with feverity •, for by his peace-
' able
eROMWELL FAMILY. *$}
able conduct ' as he had done no hurt to any partus
S K C T T'
* body, fo none did ever ftudy to hurt him ;' . and ^^^J '
thus was he ' a rare inftaftce of the inftability of cromweii, •
'human greatnefs, and of the fccurity of inno- ™u pr°t€<>
'cence*. ,
There are few memorials of Ridiard; his
fhort government, and the difgrace of his family
eafily accounts for it * we have neither coin nor
medal of his, which is the more extraordinary,
as his. father has both; and one flxould have fup-
pofed, an inauguration medal of him would have *
followed the funeral one of Oliver : but, indeed^
he never was folemnly invefted with the protec- Vt
torate; his great. leal was by the inimitable Sy-
mons, but it is only, his father's, altered in a hurry \
Vcrtue has engraven it : the following are engrav-
ings of. himv and all after he became protestor.
Richard Cromwell, lord prote&or, &c. cloak>
band, &c.
Richard, lord prote&or, &c. Hollar, f- 4to. .
Richard, &c. Guil. Haynefworth fc. h. ft.
* fii&op Burnet'* hiftory of 'lis cfWa times.
Richard,
*4« MEMOIRS OF tHE
f art in. Richard, Sec* Gaimmon fc.
SECT. L
v^v~' Richard, &c. in armour * Stent* 4to. Before
cWreii, Parival's € Iron Age/ fol<
tor. proUC" Richard, &c* Fredi Bouttas, fc. in armour;
4to* r
Richard, &c. an etchings 4to<
Richard, &c. on horfeback * vieir of Wind*
for caftle ; large Jheet. Stent.
Richard Cromwell, the meek knight ; the
giants, Befborough and Lambert, leading him
by the arms, Frentifpiece t& * Don Juan
' Lamberto* or, a comical hsfcory of the late
1 times :* laid to be written by Elatman.
The abotfe is taken from mr. Grainger's
biography; fince whole death* another en-
graving has been publifhed, entitled c Rkhard
€ Cromwell, Frote&er; Walker pirtxt. God-
c frey fc< 4to. publiihed May 1, 1780, by
* Richard Godfrey* No.. 120, Long Acres'
and given in the third volume of the Antiq.
Rcpofitory : he is r*ptefented profile, flowing
hair, cravat, in armour* with a fearf* His*
countenance does not (hew thofe marks of
genius, fo confpicuous in the face of* his fa-
1 thcr,
CROMWELL FAMILY. **t
thcr, but he is more hanidfomc, and has a part ttk
more polilhed look*. The pifture from which ^J^
it is taken c is painted in a mafterly ftile, and Sj^„f '
< will always be confidered by the ecftribifleur Jjf ^^f
c as good a fpecimen of the abtfiries of that • ' •-r
• great mkfterf It has undergone the *?ciflf-» *_ ■* ' -° •
' tudes of fortune, ftmiiar to the perfon it re-
' prefents.: it feems to hare palled through
• many hands, ' and verging on the point of it*
• diflblutkm, was, by fome charitable handy
'taken from its original framd, ahd ftretched
<over a hew canvas, where it may pdffibly1
c remain 4br many years, and pafc-on taits ,.
1 day of oblivion by the hand of time ! The ^
c pifture i* now in the poflfcffion of tan Thane/
and is copied in this wxwk. ■ ' " : ■
i t
I have been informed; that mife Cromwell*
have a miniature of him \ there ii another of
* In fomc of the addrcffes to Ri&ard uyon hiracccffion,
tofides complimenting him upon the excellence of his wif-
dom, and the nobienefs of his mind^ they flattered him
upon the lovely compofition of his body, as iFhe had -
been another Titns, dclicia geatis et domini Britannici.—
Heath's chronicle .. ., •
VoLL R him
proceftor.
M« MEMOIRS OF THE
fMTtn. him,: by Cooper, in the colle&ion at Straw-
SBCTii *
>^J berry-Hill*.
Kichtri
C«m»wc11>
krtprocc*. i?he prote£kor Richard married Dorothy,
Dorotby, eldcft daughter and co-heirefs of Richard Ma-
S^dfioril" jor, of Southampton, in the county of Hants,
efqf* This lady was as unexpectedly raifed
to the higjheft elevation as her hufbandj it is
extraordinary that we know fo little of her,
considering that ihe was, at one time, the fe-
cond perfon in the kingdom ; there is every
reafon to fuppofe that (he was fcarce (if ever)
at court during Qliver's protectorate, and ne-
ver during that of her huiband; Ihe felt the
reverie of fortune in the moft poignant man-
ner, and wanted the comforts of the clergy to
reconcile her to what ihe judged the greateft
misfortune £; amongft all the illiberal things
that were levelled againft the prote&orate
houfe of Cromwell, her character is almoft
* Grainger's biography.
t Vide the hiilory of the Majors, no. 35, in the hi do-
ne* of feveral perfons and families allied to# or defcendei
from the protectorate houfe of Cromwell.
'" % Vide letters WW in the proofs, kc%
tor.
C ROM WEIL FAMILY. $4$
tbt only one that fcandal has left untouched ; fhe ?A*TnL
SECT. I*
never (it is moft r&fonable to think) faw her *-^*-^
hulband after he retired to France* in 1660 j flie ^fcV'
was married at Hurfley, may 1, 1649 * and died M protcc-
January 5, 1675, in the forty-ninth year of her
age, and was buried in the chancel of Hurfley
church* : the only character that I have ever
met of her (except what the prote&or mentions
of her) is that given by mr. John Maidftone, who
ikys, c fhe was a prudent, godly, pra&ical
€ chriftian/
tfbe iffue of the protestor Richard, by lady chiumof
Vorotby. ' £**..
tor.
j. » Cfomwell, a Ion, born november, -— ~ „
* ■ f ' Cromwell,
1652* who was buried december 15th following, ^hr°V°
aiHHffkyf. S^
* Mr. Lufon feems to hint, that the prote&or Richard
married after lady Dorothy's death, but there is no reafon
to fuppofe fo.
*h All the dates oF births and deaths mentioned in the
hiftory of the prote&or Richard's children, are taken from
the regifter of Hurfley, given in the appeadi*; and from
sails Cromwell's tables of defcent.
R2 , 2. Oliver
244 MEMOIRS OF THE
part nt . £. OK*er Cromwell, bom at Hurftey, juiy t »»
**ZX1' 1656, during his grandfather's pro*Aara*e } the
Rt'l^, cf education of this, gentleman i» unknown 1 upon
lord fmcc. hij mathert ^th, he fucceeded, by the fcttfc-
otirer jg^i made upon her marriage, to the manor of
Crom welly
fecondfon Merdcn, at which time he was not of am by
to Richard, ' *■* *
lord protec- ^fcom tteee years ; he was ver jr a&ive at the re-
volution, and would have raifod a regimtot of
harfc for the ftrtrico ^f irebnd, if he might have
been permitted to name hi& captains ; but the
cautious William, from his name, his poft, and
the advantages he had afked for, declined accept-
ing the offer, as judging it imprudent to make
the fon oF one, and grandfon of another, who
had fat upon his thrones too popular at fuch a
jun&ure*.
In the reign of that king « hi found it ne-
* cefiary, on fome account or other, to prefenta
€ petition to parlemefnt * he gave Ms petition to a
c friend, a member, who took it to the houfe of
* commons to prefent it ; juft as this gentleman
' was entering the houfe with the petition in faft
t Hiftory of England during the rtign* of the Stuarts.
* 'hand.
CROMWEIL FAMILY. ^5
* hand, fir Edward Seymour, the fartiotis old fartiii.
-« tdry member*, w*s alfo gping in j on fight of ^, '
« &t Edwnd fa tear him, the gentleman found £|*g rf
■ his fcncjr btifldy fclicited by certain. ideal <if £ p;"cc-
* fan* to make the furly, four odd Seymotir, carry
c op a petition for 01hrcr Cromwell ; ** fir E*
14 ward^Vfays he, ftoppifcg him on thfe mftant,
44 will you do me a favor J. I this moment recof-
u left, that I muft imrtediatdy actesd a trial irt *
" Wcftminfler-bal), nrhUh may keep a* tod
" late to give in this petition, as I promifed to
<c do, this moftting ; *ti» a mere matter of form*
u will you be to good as to catry it up fbrme ?*
MGhre it me," faid fir Edward: the petition
* Sir Edward Seymour wis of an ancient fa/atty mtkt
weft of England : upon hi* tyeing introduced to king Wil-
liam, his majefiy thinking to compliment him, after telling
Mnfhe wa* happy to fee Kim at the palace, fubjoinecf, 1
fiippofe,* fir Edward, you. art of the chiie of Seymour's
family ; to which the haughty baronet replied, « no, fire, but
4 »*y k>*4 dnkt k>f mine,', thtdyx^ being a, younger branch
of his. §ir Edward was. at the head of the tory and French
intercft ; he was jn great employments in feveral reigns y
was a member in every parlement from i66l to his death,
and often fpeaker; he died' febrdary lS, 1 708-9,' leaving
^i* family very much enrxchecf. Vide his character in
Mickey 4 m&ko'ua*
■ :~ R 3 • went
*+6 MEMOIRS OF THE
pahthi. * went dire&ly into his pocket, and he into die
SECT I
^^J c houfc. When a proper vacancy happened to
£££!£ Qf * produce it, Seymour put himfelf upon his feet,
M protec- ^ ^ i^ fpeftacies on hk nof^ ^ began to
♦ read, « The humble petition of-^— of— of,— •
« the devil !" laid Seymour, « of Oliver Crom-
* WeU !" The roar of laughter ip the houfc,
c at feeing him fo fairly taken in, was too great
< for fir Edward to ftand it ; fo he flung down
« his petition, and ran out direftiy V
Oliver died mvf u, 170$, and was buried
with his family at Hurfley, the thirteenth Qf the
fame njonth % and though he lived to be fiKty~
one years of age, he never was married. Mr.
Say fays, < he had fcen him, ?hd that he had
* fomething of the fpirit of his grandfather:9
pother writer goes farther, by faying, that he
* had his look and genius f.'
Eii^beth, 3. Elizabeth, born march 26, i6<o 1 flie never
SSter of carried : the laft years of her life fhe fpent in
* Mr. Lufbn, in Jfughes' letters, who fcys, he gives thii
little ftory on common fame only.
t HBftory of England, during the reign* of the Stuaru.
Bedford.
Richard,
lord piotec
cor.
CROMWELL FAMILY. «4?
Bedford-Row, and died there april $, 1711, parth£
in her eighty-fecond year ; by her will Ihe ap- s-~^
pointed mr. Richard Cromwell and mr. Tho- SSEf *
mas Cromwell her executors, and dire&ed ^ protec*
them to bury her remains amongft her ances-
tors, and defired them to eredt a monument
to her .and their memory, by inferting their
name*, :and the times of their deaths upon it*
all which was carefully done. She was buried,
april 18, following her death*.
4. Ann Cromwell, born July 15, i6$i* ^2S*
dicd.the *ath, and buried march 16, 1651-2, %$£[ °*
atHurflcy.. . ££**"*
5. Mary Cromwell, Jbornffb. a J, 1653-4; M«y
died die 24th/and buried at Hurfley, feptem* *wdu^
bera6, 1654. lot*****.*
* IOC.
6. i Cromwell, a daughter, born may ^3rSSS3r
17, 1655, and buried at Hurfley the twenty- ggj^^
ninth of the fame month. • £«*«*««
* ' Vide the tnfeription upon her motmment, gtvar in the
appendix, with the regifter of Hurfley.
R 4 7. Dorothy
paut** . ?• Dorcpfar CfQrtBwdl, jbtMn fattMnbcr 13,.
s^>^^ 1657s dted fcptcnibier 13, and was buried the
RkS3!rf x&lu ri|8# at whkktimfclwrfithiar.waspro-
iwd p*p^ ueft^ . jbut henremaias were laid by her rela-
czomtln ^v™ at Hurflqr, in a private mamwr, and not
f/rhof K&i dqpoftoad .at.Wcftminftcr, as feveral of them
££ p'otcc" wo** «nd that in a pompous manner * JUchard
tad dfa|fc the weight of 'one public funeral,
vfluoh fraa more than fulftcient. .
a™ Own- 8. Ann Cromwell, born march 27, i6co,
*iogi^r«f 4ivittg the a^mintftration: of her father; flie
i«d pot*- ^ jftjirried to do&or Thomas Gibfon, phy-
: fician general of the army, a native of Weft-
moreland j he was uncle to doctor Edmund
.. / ' ' Gibfoii, bWhep orf London, the editor of Cam-
"; . cfeh,- -arid* the fappofed author of the Mifeof
.*.-..:...; c Oliver Cromwell,' She furvived hef htrfband
> many years, he dying in 1704,. 9y his will
he bequeathed the whole of his property to
the lord tjifhop, after* Her deceafei.hjs lord-
Ihip always prefervecf a very refpectful and
^WP#^xpwfpQs46ttce jvith thi* lady till her
dteath,
<* t.fl
CROMWJLt FAMlLt f^
dead!*, which happened december7, 1717, in pa&tiit.
tbe fkty-ninth year of her age; fliewa* buried ^^S
by the remains of her huiband, in the church-' &ck«^
yard belonging to St.* George's chapel/ in tor. **"*
Itmtymf*
• *» . -j
o* Dorothy Cromwell, born the firft of au- Dorothy
,. w " Cromwell,
guir, i66oi flie was married to. Jolm Mor- fev«uh
*^ daughter of
tuner, eiq. of Somerfetflure,\F. R. S. author Richard,
-* * # lord proteo-
of the whole art of hufbandry* published ia w-
oft^vo, in 1708, and again re-publifhed in
17651 he almoft ruined himfelf by making
experiments in that fcience j ,happity (he did
lipt live longer, dying in chi}d-bed, may 14*
1681, -aged only twenty: mr. Mortimer was
twice married after this lady's death £.
Mr.
* Bifiiop Gibfon 5 attention and cqnfiant intimacy witk
his aunt, daughter of <he proteclor Rkhard, has been fuf*
pried the reafoh- why tht life of Oliver Cromwell' was at-
tributed to bin*, bat as thr comcl Grainger thinks fo, ao
doubt ought to be entertained of it.
' t Mr,. Say anil mr. Xufons account of. the. CrOmwclis,
given in Hughes s letters.
- ....*; .J ;*£n: • * , . 'flimok ■
X Same author.— Mr. John Mort\ggf was originally a
merchant, upon Tpwer-Hill, and was the fon and grandfon.
of
>i
95« MEMOIRS O.F THE
part in. Mr. Lufon fays, ' I fyave feveral times
S £ C T. I
c been in company with thefe ladies' (mifs
Elizabeth Cromwell and mrs, Gibfon) * they
c were well bred, well tfrefled, (lately wo-
c men; exaftly pun&ilious, but they feemed,
« efpeciallymrs. Cromwell, to carry about them
' a cohfcioufnefs of high rank, accompanied
c with a fecret dread, that thofe with whom
€ they converted lhould not obferve and ac-
* knowledge it. They had neither the great
*ienfe,' nor the great enthufiafm of mrs. Ben-
c dylh ; but as the daughter of Ireton had
c dignity without pride, fo they had pride
c without dignity/
of Mark Mortimers, efquires ; his father had a confiderable
e,ftate fwallowed up in Somerfetfhire, by an inundation of
the fca ; he married Abigail, daughter of Walmcrley, %
of Blacl&more, in Effex, efq. — Mifs Cromwell's hulband,
after her death, married firft Blanch, daughter of fir James
Tippets* knight, furveyor of the navy ; and laftly, Eliza-
beth, daughter of Samuel Saunders, of Derbyshire, efquire.;
by his fecond wife he had I. John, who died young, and
*• Margaret ; by his third, 3. Samuel, who was bred to
the law ; he fold Toppinghall, in Eff«ff to his next brother,
4. Cromwell Mortimer} 5* Thomas; 6. John; 7. Eli*
sabeth •, and 8. ' Ate*
Their
CROMWELL FAMILY. «5l
Their ufage of their father was fhameful, ?art hi.
SECT. L
•and can admit of no excufe ; after his death w>^w
they fold the family eftate to fir William SS2E-
Heathcote, bart. for thirty-four or thirty*five £j? *****
thoufand pounds*; it ftiould be remembered,
however, tQ their honor, that they were kind
to all thofe of their relations that were in in*
different circumftances during their lives, and
bequeathed to each a legacy at their deaths f.
* Hughes* letter*, The Hurfley or Merdon eftate was
the only one of jhe proteAor Richard's, that government
/could not feize upon, it being fettled in jointure to his, wife
and her iffue 5 it is faid, that fir William Heathcote, when
he purchafed it, declared, that becaufe it had belonged to
the Cromwells, he would not let one ftonc or brick remain
upon another, even in the foundations ; and to perform hit
vow, took down the whole of the edifice. In a wall the
dye of a feal was found by a workman, who brought it to
fir William at Winchefter, where he then refided \ it wa*
fold by him for a roman weight, it being then very rofty \
but when cleaned, it was found to be the feal of the common*
wealth of England 5 and mr. Vertue, who faw it in 1740, |
amongft the medals of mr, Roberts, thought it the identical
fpal which Oliver took from the parlement. AnW Soc.
Min. vol. IV.
+ Communicated by one whofc relations received the
benefactions of mrs. Cromwell and mr*. Cibfon.
A gen-
#5* . MEMOIRS OP TTHE
/art nt . ' A gentlewoman, touch in years, acquainted
w-v-w me, that fhe was With theft ladies before ran.
Kktlri, Qf Gibfon vfU married, at a watering-place*
J£ **"" when a rude peffon wilhidg to infuk them,
ftid, 'ladies your grandfather was hanged/
to which o** of them inftantly replied, c but
f not till he wis dead/— The eldcft branch of
the protectorate family failed in £l&abeth> the
. eldeft of the fitters.
PART
CROWWILL FAKtltY. «*'
S E C T J O N ' I.
HENRY Cf&tmeUyths fourth^ but fecond: part nr.
SECT. L
and youngeft furviving foa of the pro* ^^AJ
te&or Oliver, was born at Huntingdon, janu- crom^eii,
ary 20, 1627 1 and baptized the twcnty>niath nant<rfir£
ef the fame month, a* the church of All
Saint" in that places his education was finished
at Felfted ichool, In Eflfex. :
As fooft as it Was poflibk, his father
took htm into the parlement army, raifed to
oppafe king Charles L in 1647 (at which
time he was only twenty years of age) he was
become captain of the general, fir Thoma*
Fairfax's, life-guard*.
la auguft, 1649, he went with his. father
into Ireland, to quell the xoman-catholic re-
bellion, being then a colonel; he with lord
* \Vood* FaAi, and Heath's Flagellum.
.■ Broghill,
*54 MEMOIRS ©F THE
part iv. Broghill, in april, 1650, fell into lord Inche-
8ECT. I.
s^-v-w quin's quarters, and killed one hundred and
Cwi2reii, Axty of the enemy, and took one hundred
nwt inw" and twenty foot prifoners, with their officers,
UwU and one hundred and fifty gallant horfe; and
in the year following, he -affiftcd at the liege
of limerick*.
In the little, or bare-bones parlement, af-
fembled in 1653, he was one of the members
for the kingdom of Ireland f 5 and in the fame
year he was fent again into that ifland, to take
a review of the ftate it was in, to difcover
the temper of the people, and to reconcile
the minds of the dif affedled to the government
of his father y. this was an arduous talk, but
he performed it to admiration ; be found that
(he ruling powers (the republicans) had taken
the moft ample care of themfelves, and the
leaf): of the peoples and that they were fo in
love with their power and places, that it
would be improper to permit them any longer
* Heath's chronicle*
t Various hiflories of England.
1 <o
CROMWELL FAMILY. 155
to remain in any poft of confequence in the partiv.
SECT I
kingdom*; upon Ludlow, one of the moft w*v-^/
obftinat* amongft them, he could make no qjJXdi
impreffionf; that fevere and haughty man ^otof^
would not ftoop to promife fubmtifion to the
government of one, who, he looked upon
as an ufurper, and betrayer of the good old
caufc, for which they had been fo long fight-
ing. It is obfervable, that the protedtor*
fearful of alarming the jealoufy of the republi-
cans, by afFe&ing ftate and grandeur, fent this,
his fon, without any other title than plain co-
lonel Henry Cromwell, and he was attended
only by one fervant ; however he was received
there with much ceremony and refpefl:, even by
the common-wealth party j as he landed near
Ludlow's country feat, that gentleman . fent
his coach to receive and bring him there ;
where he was met by his brother-in-law,
Fleetwood, the lord deputy ; who, with fe-
* Leland's hiftory of Ireland.
" t Ludlow's memoirs, where the reader may fee a dialogue
which pa(Ted at this time between Henry *nd Ludlow.
veral
t36 MEMOIRS Or THE
part iv. vcral others, canic with coaches, and conducted
sect, i.- _ , f. ^
w->^w him to Dublin*. •
Henry . .
CromeU,
J^iTu^ The value the people in general had for him
'" may be known by the refpeft they paid him,
not only in Ireland, but in England, when he
*etume~d; for when he came to Chefter, many
gentlemen who. had diftingtitfhed themfelvea in
favor of king Charles I. came to pay their re-
Ipeds to him ; and amongft others, colonel
Molibn or Mofihnft
Soon
* Ludlow's memoirs. — From 51 letter given in Thurloe's
/late papers, it appears, that Menry arrived in Dublin,
march 8, 1653.
f Ludlow, in his memoirs, who fays, that Henry, in an-
fwer to colonel Molfon's enquiry how he left Ireland, faid,
« very well, only fome who were in love with their pew,
* mud be removed/ Ludlow, in another place, calls him
Moflpn, which was certainly his name, as will be feen by
the following letter, written in his behalf, by Henry, t9
fecretary Thurloe, and is a proof of the regard he had for
the colonel :
•Sir, 1 2th May, 1658.
* Here is a meffenger on purpofe from colonel Roger
*AIoffon, of Motion, in Dcnbigh&ire, by whom I am in-
• formed*
land.
CRO.MJWEiL FAMILY. 257
Sqon/after his return from Ireland, in 160, partiv.
he . married a lady of the name of Rufiell* daugh- w~v~^,
ter fif Jjr Francis Ruflcll, jbaronet ^ aftert which cwlen,
he chiefly .refided at Whitehall, till he was ap- nantofi£
pointed lord deputy of Ireland*; but he fpent
• formed, that- colonel Moffbn is fectored, together with fnch
' other perforw in thofe parts,- as have been officers in the
' late ware againft the parlejnent* ? *
* This gentleman is a perfon, from whom I have re*
f ceived many civilities in my voyages to and from Ireland;
• and rate who hath often declared to me, that he thought
1 it was Jtisdnty to fubmit chearfnlly to the prtient govern-
( ment, and that he was refolvcd never to a& againft it, but
1 to follow his private affairs, and mind the improvement
4 of Ms -eftate, and *drfcharge himfelf, as became a good
liul>jc&* to h1shighncfsf 1 will not undertake to fay
' he ha*k kept his word, or that any other, obligation
• lies on Him to keep U, more than that of a gentlepan and
1 Honor ; yet, neverrhelefs, if* you have no particular
• matter agahift his perfon, but that he is taken only within
( the compfifs of a general rule* I would medial* fo.far in
' His behalf, as to deure you to take the bed opportunity
' you can to get him enlarged, he ; being willing to give
• what fccurhy (hall be defired for his good deportment* X
•remain, . Your'f , Sec*
* DoAor Gibbons. The doflor fays, Henry was: mar-
ried about 1653 ; t prefume it mud be upon his return
from Ireland the firft time, which would, I thould fuppofc,
He in that ycy .
Veil. £ part
1
srtfr- MEMOIRSOP THE
r AfeT tvV * colonel Moflbn's, , in NorthtWaks, when: the
SECT *1
o^' * health of. his father was. drank by the laid
gS*:'colondV
Uri It cute.
natft of Ire.
uw. . l^he fattie author feems greatly hart at hi*
welcome reception at Dublin $ as ie is the moft
particular account of Ms entering that city, it
fliall be given in the authors own words :—
* Upon his* arrival ih the bay of Dublin, the men
* of war that accompanied him, and other {hips
* in the harbour, rung fuch a peal with their
« cannon, as if fome good news had been coming
' to us j .and though the ufual place of landing
* for thofe who come in (hips of war, was near
* my houie, yet he and his company went up in
* boats to the Rings end, where they went afcore,
€ and were met there by moft of the officers,
* civil and military, about the town f.'
* Ludlow's memoirs. Drinking healths at that time
was looked upon as a mark of eavalierifm, and confcqucmly
an heinous offence : it wa* pretended to be an heathcoilli
relic, continued by antienriftian popery. It is indeed a
foolifli and troublefome cuftom, and- which is now leaying.
off, but not from a religious motive.
+ Ibid.
4 Giwt
CROMWELL FA MILT. «*»
in the whole ifle of Anglcfcy, ad tetyjefal tiba* ?aw <y,
an «r<kif njight be 'made toincreafc the abtebtr >>-v-^
ofckrgy* ' ',..... SS^.-
kf4 Jietfs-
He fpeot Iqme time ii> thefe weftem, pattj^of ***• -
die kir^lom> and, was ^ooftanUy treated with
every mark of efteerji,, particularly by the
cavalier j^rty^ which Ludlow thinks, no finally
crime* efpecially 43 he whs again entertained $t.
* Tburloe's fla'te papers. Henry, the prdfecltir's fon*
was ftidined to $aiety in yeullt ? but a«lie.g?ewiii;ye"arsj
fantfhtng of the tenrpfr -of . tip times fcein* to have Mened
upon him, as may be learnt from a letter to his father,
dated april 15, 1650, written by mr. Thomas Taticnt, at
Kilkenny; probably then with Heavy ; hefay#, • *nd<ttr*
taonatf tfatiy Cromwell* your ions*, to my great JOg
1 jokeiQgt it hath jpleafed God, I am per&ded, to begin a
* work of grace in his foule : I have had great encouradge-
* ment that the Wdrd of God takes greate etecl upon blm ;
4 he hath had inward temfaitos* in hi* fonle, anil many
4 words of grace made very precious and comfortable to
'his foule,. and I watch him, and is much crieing to God
* in fecret, and very forward to propound doubts and cafe*
* of confeience betwixt him and 1/ Milton's Rate pa*
* peri. —Henry never became the wild enthufiaft ; his re-
ligion was an awful veneration of the Deity, fobernefs in
his whole deportment, and an univerfid charity to all men.
His petition in behalf of the Anglefeans was highly praife-
worthy.
- :.0 * S* € colonel
tit MEMOIRS OP tHI
part it. fore had thehardipels to petition the proteftor
JECT. L
*-^w to reftore their pld chief governor Fleetwood*,
cweu, wfaofe narrow confined notions* and weak on-
t*c tfk£ derftandingt were mote cafily macje fubfijment
hu"' to their pit>jefi*t«
But
* Leland's hiftory of Ireland.
t Ludlow, whofe hatred to the CromweUs tyill not
let him fpeak the truth, pretends that Henry denned
the feclarian party, becaufe flic army, which was chicfty
.«jf that fort in Ireland, were averfe to Oliver's taking the
title of king •, and that he courted the prefbytcriau inte-
xeft, that he might get a petition ljgned by them, in which
Aould be a proraife to ftandbye the prote&or againft all his
enemies ; thjt, however, he could not actompiift, btfcalifeit
•was not afcertained who the enemies were : it is but jufticc to
Oliver'* memory, to give a part of one of his letters to this,
his fon Henry, by which it appears* that Henry wished 10
include all parties within his leuuy,a*d his father feemed an-
xious he.fhould ; it is dated at Dublin, november ai, 1655 :
* — I do believe there may be fome particular perfous,
• whtf are not very well plcafed with the prefent condition
•■of things, and may be apt to fhew their difcontention, as
c they have opportunity j but this fliould nbt make to
1 great impreffions on yon. Tyroe and patience may *w>rke
' them to a better frame of fpirit, and bring them to fee
» that, which, for the prefent, feems to be hid from them •,
• efpecially if they (hall fee your moderation and love to-
• ivards them, wlulft the^ ^ foui^d iiother wiys toward,
* : : ? w • *7out
Bttt Henry, by the Wiftiom atid«qu4ly of his 7A*y*£
adinuuftradon, feon procured tht 4ove o£ die w-v-^
Irilh, Who regarded him as a bleffing •, this was c^Uii, .
the fentfroents of the moderate and wife of alt w^^
land,
parties ; thfe it was that procured him a coun-
ter additfi to the prote&or, befeeching that hd
might be continued their governor* j and the
nation was ruled with fuch flcill by him, that
it was become, from the moft deplorable king-
•you; which I erneftly defitc you to ftudye, and en-
* deavouf all that lyes in you, whereof Jwjth you and I N
4 too (hall have the comfort, whatsoever the ifiVie and evcip
1 thereof he.1 Thnrloe's ftate papers.
* la a letter from the church of Dublin* dated June fy
1656, addrefled to the proteclor Oliver, and figned by many
of the miuifters, they acquaint his highnefs* that feme per*
fons had ny>ft maliqoufly maligned tlielfttti.Aepttiy, bttt
finding themfeives detected in Ireiaad, they had goi$ to
England, to ferve fo ba4 a purpofe, which being known
to them, they had prefurried to addrefs his highnefs, to
exprefs their entire approbation of his conduct, for his *
equal juftice to all — his mercy to the poor — his charity to
4ilgpQ4 ?l$n, though they differ in rctigiom fcatkticnts —
for the countenance he and his family giva js the puMsc
worihif , by his and thtjr conftant atteodance^-and laflty,
for the. countenance and encouragement that, it* an efpecral
nauner, h$ gives to all godly minifter s of die gofpel. Mil-
ton s ftate papers.
S 4 dwi
had.
,64 MR'MOl.RS .O'F-XP
part iv. dom in Europe, far the happieft,pf any part of
s^r^J the britUbt dominions % and the .raOft.JSjiisfied
cAmweii, ™& *te Cromwelian r^ign; for vlieivthq affi-
le tfi£ cers.of hi* father's own regiment opsitfjr fpoke
their diflike to his government^ the; anny> and
each of the counties in Ireland, expreflive of
their attachment to the government* ;as then
eftablifhed> declared their readinefs to. oppofe all
who Ihould endeavour to make an}' alteration in
the ftate*.
' But, amidft all this calmnefs, Henry's fitua-
tion was the rfcbft diftreffing j the wijd.fc^aric?
and republicans ftrove who Ihould moft plague
lrim+ : He had an empty treafury, a numerous
fet of petitioners for the lands of the fubjugated
people, though they had already had but too
mtich; and what was the moft grievous, no
'money could be procured from England to tan-
* Lelands hiftory of Ireland.
f Henry & chaplain, Stephen Chamock, B. IX? of En^r
nuel college, Cambridge, and fellow of New college, Ox-
ford, was of a very different ftamp from thefc four bigot ted
.puritans; be was learned and well qualified for his fitua-
tiqn ; he died a nonconformift, July 27, i6So, aged 5*.
Jfeale s biAory of the puritans.
fwer
CTlOKltVELL FAftltV. 265
fwerthe current demands of die ftate* ; thefe jJaktiv:
misfortunes rendered Kis fituation trulyipitiable • SJ^J#
for though, fays the Biographia Britannica, by cw/cn;
the. prooedor's fending him into- Ireland, and ^J^
gradually advancing him to be lord lieutenant^ *****
* he feemed to give him the preference ; yet, id
4 reality, he ufed him more hsrfbly than-theV
'other {fin) : for, though bis - abilities werfc
1 good, his manners irreproachable* and his fub-
* miffion exemplary, yet he paid no great defer-
4 ence to his recommehdations, end allowed
'hiipfar lefs power than could well be inratf-
* gined ; his letters, amongft Thorpe** ftate.pi*
4pers are nothing fcarce but a feiies of com-
*pfeim*t:' to fapsfy the reader that this is a
true date of the fads, I will qijotp a pa&g^or
two from his letters, expreflive both of his vir-
tue and ill ufage : in a, letter to Thurloe, he lays,
c I have done what I can, and indeed as much as
*in gpod confeiehee I dare* but feeing th*
* what is done, doth produce fo much hefitation
* concerning mee, I am more an4 more incline4
* Lelandf s hiftory of Irelaaid.
f Biographia Britatmica, article Oliver Cromwell.
,66 MEMOIRS Gj?:TH«>
fart iv, < to thai retlreriienk Which I have feveraltimt*
SECT. X,
•w~v~ * formerly mentioned V; Soon after writing
Cromwell, tihisj h* > in 4 letter to Fleetwood, fpeafcing of
-Mnt 6£ irci his debts, cofitiiiues, c I wife, for your cafe
• I a**d ray tytfiet* 'twere left, for I take no
« pkafuje in complaining j and am fcrry> that
f thofe grievances, amongft thek/ other ill ef-
:* fe&3> flxnjld raife any mifunderftandings
-c between ti$* the troth is, when I look round
-*. about our affairs,! an* at my wita end, and
* too apt to jttfent things too deeply f/ but
%i* complaints meeting with no redreft, he
-Wfote a letter to: his father, m which he infifts
^spon his hardfhips with great deference indeed^
&« with a becoming fpitit ; * I once thought
** (fays he) that innocence and eircumfpeifioh
* might have prevented thefe fuggeftions ; but
i* I find* the more I do my duty, the more I
• « offend thofe who maligfte me f- and fpeak-
•ing of the circumfcribed fituatiort of hfe own
* * Letter \e> Thurloc, dated fept ember iG, 1657* gtvfcn
in that gentleman's ftate papers.
+ Letter to Fleetwood,* dated decembcr 30, 1657, given
inthefen^ WWkr . %
** * fortune,
•" C R O MvW EtL FAMILY, ;t€f
'fortune, he continues, € as to my eftate, it is £g^.TT^
* nothing but die parlcment grant * and ifty V^^'
* arrears, as to what I feem to have purchafecL c«oo>wc'V
lord li*uuv
* I have not paid for* I bought it in terms «»«<>**"*
* dear enough, and in a faif way enough; I was
* neceffitated to do what I did, not purchasing
c out of my fuperfiuity of money I had gotten
* here ; and out of the whole, as great as it i^,
€ I never yet faw 300I. profit, but am 3000k
f in ddbt ; and am in fuch condition upon the
'« Whole, that were I quit of my employment,
*c I muft borrow money to carry me off. TMs
4 is true-, I defire your highnefs to believe it V
And juft before the prote&or's death, he wrote
:to Thurloe, * expreffing how mueh. he was
plagued with the anabaptifts, declaring his
wifti c to hy down his office, and retire to
* private life;* but was perfuadfcd from his
purpofe by that fecretary j\
• Upon his brother Richard's acceffiort to tfie
protectorate of England and Scotland, he pro-
«. / 1* '
* Letter from Henry to the pralc^cjr. Oliver, dated
fcbruaryi3, 1657-8.
t NcaTi hiftory of the puritans.
cured
«68 f MEMOIRS OF THE
*art iV- cured him to be proclaimed and acknowledged
*s e c *r. t. .
w-C^J 'jdfo foverfeign of Ireland, and that, as himfetf
Cwmweii, fays, with at le*ft as much joy. as in any place
MMtfxl* in England: but he had ill returns for his
rare and attention; Richard durft not ven-
ture to renew his commiffion, but upon the
.terms fome of his council acquiefced in ; and
thefe who were the fecret enemies to , the fa-
mily of Cromwell, and the office of protector,
confined his powers fo much, that fee could
rfcarce be called chief governor; they were
wegk enough to fuppofe, that by altering the
title of lord deputy to lord lieutenant, it
would fatUfy him ; but they were much mif-
takenj for he greatly refented their ill ufage:
in one of his letters to Thurloe, he fays, c fir,
,/;! underftand by your laft, that the com-
c millions are renewing, and amongft the reft
c mine, under a new title ; truly, fir, the very
•thought of it puts me into confufion; you
-c know what an intolerable life I have led
f here* to the impaireing my health, and in
•perpetual anxiety and difquiet of mind; 1
1 • cannot tel! wftajf vertue a bare title will have,
* as to the bettering my condition 5 I fhould
*. ../, 'not
CltOMWELt FAMILY. t%
* not dare to refufe the ferving hds present p*rt-iw
, . x „ , . « « SECT. U
* highuefs/ and my country, m- the ^wcand* w~v~w
c capacity; but to be always in the «fler, whq crXweiu -
c can* bear it ?' and m another, he juftfy ctam !!**££
plains* that his comraifiion was mot as the
other lord lieutenant's had befen $ .and fays;
that * he had a great mind not to open/ it/
and mentions the ill offices intended him by
his enemies^ and the wi(h there was to put
him upon wjiat is againfl * his honor and
f corvfcieBce j* and . requeffa, that though he
has not the liberty of appointing a deputy, as
all other his predeceffors in that viceroylhip
had, that he may be permitted to come river
though it fhould be c for ever fo fhort a time *'/
-t>«
The republicans, that compofed part of the
council, were entirely averfe to it, as detri-
mental to thofe fchemes they were contriving
againfl: the prote&or Richard; and, indeed,
fomeof the beft friends of the family were
for his remaining in Ireland, as knowing his
popularity there, and how deferring he was
» «
• • ? Thurldc s {Utt papers.
of
tr* MEMOIRS O? TBS-.
fakt it: of it ; they alfo thought tha* frb:rcpcal mighfc
<^^J emhagtr that kingdom* y of this opiwrn, in
S*2*i, particpkr, *** lord Eattfcmberg, who ia a
^rf££ letter t» die lord Jbattcaant* fpeakiag. of Ais
coming «*er, fays, € they (hat hate you, fete
f you too, find therefore oppose it : they, that
Move you have $pprehen£ons, that ^either
« Ireland nfcr Henry Crottroell _*re fopprCyif
4 feparated i this, lord Fm&mbtrg affures
* Henry Cromwell, is the only rcafon he can
Slearne, that jaajcea the protestor backward
The fcene difclofing itfclf, he plainly per-
ceived that hia brother's government was
upon the decline, both from his want of
knowledge in politics, and by the envy and
ambition of his relations (elpecially Fleet-
wood) and confequently was more anxious to
return to England, as he fuppofed, that by his
prefence in the latter kingdom, he could ren-
* Henry himfelf, in fome meafiire, inclined totfii
opinion at one time* Vide letters 2£X ift . tk* proofc «vt
# iiluftrations.
f Thurlot s ftatc papers— the letter has no date*
der
Cft O M W:t L l1 F A *l I L Y. i7l
der Richard gteate* fervite> than in remitting ^Art i*.
' * SE'CT f
in Irddnd j but the more Henry fecmed W** s-^<.~
ttioas ta come over, die mor* did the**e* c£X»«n'
publicans ftrive to prevent it; ttey weht J^Jfgj!
farther, theycndeavoufed te afperft his cha* UxmL
rafter 5 this he highly refented, and thtfc - ex*
prefled it in a letter to the prote&or, € I find/
lays he, * that my enemies have fehtericed me
* tt> an honorable banilhment $ I am not con-
* fciou* of any crime which might deferve ir>
* but if they can denounce judgment upon my
c innocence, they will eafily be able to make
c me criminal ; they have already begot a
€ doubt among my friends, whether all be
' right ; but I will rather fubmis to anyfufferings
' with a good narMy than be the greatejl man
'ufon earth without it*.9 No words could
better fet forth his fituation and the r eftkud*
of his mind : finding, however, that he was
not allowed to leave Ireland, he waited the
refult of the various intrigues that were car-
rying ?n» aft he could^ he, faid, c do no more
* TimtooftjUc paper*.
• ' » c than.
«7* ;/MEJfr0JR«* 0»:TH4
*ARt iv. ?.|dfaii;(U ftilf. and lopk o#<*:' he did not,
SECT/ & **
w^L? however* ceafe to ;giv<e his brother the beft
Cmwett* advice* ill defiring him to abide by his parle-
ofifcl ment, and to keep a conftant watfch upon the
• movements of the army, who> he fufpe&cd,
Wj-e meditating mifchieff* .
♦
He did, however, more than he feemed
here to promife that he could -, for no fooner
was he apprized of the tottering fituation of
his brother's government, firlt by fir Chirks
Coote, and afterwards by his relation colonel
Henry Ingoldfby, than he paid every poffible
attention in putting the nation in the beg;
ftate of defence, determining, if poffible, to
keep it from falling into the hands of the
republicans $ for this piirpofe* he fent fir
Charles Coote into Connaught, lieutenant-co-
lonel Flower : into Ulfter, lord Broghill into
Munfter, and the troops that could be moft
depended upon were ordered to march' into
:. * Letter from Henry to Thurloe* given in the, work
laft quoted.
f Neal's hlftoryof the pnrttani
.....'" Dublin}
CfeOMWElt FAMILY. *73
Dublin * and tfrc officers were fummoned tb part iv.
sect, i-
a council, whereat was^propafed to figtia de- s--*-^
claratiori, promiling to ftarid by the prote&or, owm q,
, . , - ,. , .^ . . -* lord litiife^
but this they declined, wifhing to .wait to fee a#ncofii*.
land.
how the army in England would aft *...-. •.' .
The prateftor being difplaced> Heflry was
defiratft of. keeping Ireland fqr hisjoaajpfly,
knowing riha? he was j|ef$: obnoajipus tq tfye
king tban to tflfrny sf *he comn&on^altfyfBenj
the r*u9ip -jjwrkfliefN; jfcnftw tfcis, ««4 Oftk*ed
hin> hOT&e* under a jvetence .that im , might
give them tfee ;ftate bf his government f?
upon ids receiving thefe' orders, he retired to
the Phcnix park, near Dublin, the refidenct
of the viceroys* leaving .colonel Thomas Long
in the cdftle -of Dublin $ but the commiffioners,
not to gjve bim time to declare himfetf, fent
fir Hardref* Waller to tirtpiize him ; and he
knowing how much the intereft of the Crom-
wells was in die wan£> made no fcnjple in un-
dertaking it : H*niy, apprized that it would
* Ludlow* s memoirs.
t Journals of the koufe of commons.
Vol. I. T be
*74 MEMOIRS OF THE
part iv. be to no purpofe to make any refiftaece, as fir
6ECT. I
s^v^w' Hardrefi was prepared to enter the caftle by a
?wm^nf poftern, fubmitted*-, being unwilling to exaf-
»0«nt on«I perate men (who were abfolutely his mailers) by
an ill-timed and fruitlifs obftinancy.
As Rapine has mentioned this tranfaftioa fome-
%hat different, I will tranferibe it, and the more
willingly, becaufe the chara&er he has drawn of
Henry is fo pleating : c the parlement (lays this
* write*) in 1659, voted that the government of
' Ireland fhould be by commiffioners nominated
* and appointed by parlement, and not by one
* perfon -, and that Henry Cromwell fhould be
1 acquainted with the order, and required forth-
* with to repair to the parlement ; he peaceably
' fubmitted, though, in all probability, if he had
* been inclined to refill, the new governors
* would have found it difficult to remove him :
€ he was extremely beloved in Ireland, both by
€ the army and the englijh inhabitants, having
,c never injured any perfon * but, on the contrary,
f obliged every one, as far as lay in his power j
•u _ * Ludlow** memoirs*
but,
CROMWELL family; *7J?
* bat, doubdefs,, not thinking hunfelf fccure partiv.
S E C T I
c of fuccefs, $nd receiving no orders from his ^^J
* brother; he was unwilling to. undertake fo c**mweii,
c important an affair. All hiftorians are una- wontr^
' nimous in their praifes of him, and generally
c believe,* that if he had been protedtor, in-
c ftead of his elder brother, the officers would
c have met with their match; or not attempted
} What they undertook againft Richard*.*
,The narrownefs of his circumftatices have
been mentioned before, they were now no bet-
ter) though he had been fo long governor of
a kingdom j he had not afufficient fum to en-
able hjm^tq quit his ftationj.and $a time
too** when fq many others had created , large
fortunes,' who were only officers in the army,
or inferior civil magiftrates ; this was greatly
to his honor j the. parlemeftt, to give him no
handle to remaih in a kingdom* -Where; by his
virtuous adminiftratibn, he Had procured fo
ma#y friends, and the bleffings of Jthe whole
body of the people, clofed with the ptopofal
f RapinYhiftory of Eaglani,
T 2 Of
a?6 ftlEtfOll^ 3* 'fflt ;
part iv. of Fleetwood, who, rfeprefaafeg the pecuniary
sect i
k^s^J ftraits of His brdtfter-iii^law, requefted that the
CwiSrcii, *"um of twenty thoufand pounds ihoufd be paid
lord lieotc- t*^ at
nintoffce- "HII •
After his arrival iti England, arid &e had Waited
iipoh the parlefrrteirt, he retiftki Ifttfo thfe fcttfetry,
and fat a patierit %edafor #f the fhaftjr revolu-
tions that 'prefeftted themfclVis ? happy in leap-
ing from a fituation, which, though glittering^
Viever afforded hit* the feaft ftttsfoftidn : the
rtftdrkfidh of fettiaithy *M6 Very acceptable to
fern, and in a letter he^rt&;t6 the lord cfcn-
teHorHyde, lie exprdfcd Mmfelfia fm<*re friend
to iftat 'forth df government^ ahd to his ma*
Jefty'aperfont* After residing at Chippenham
with hfa, fafchefr and brother~ia-lawf fir Francis
* Neat's biftdry of the puritans. It is tbetoort extra-
ordinary, that Fleetwood (liquid intercft himfcif in Henry's
behalf, as he had received fome.very .warm, expo flotations
from him, efpecially one letter, given in the proofs and
iiluftrations; marked YY. Fleetwood, as it farilrcady
keen hinted, probably did not do this from generofity or
regard* but for fome lefs noble motive.
+ Vide letter* ZZ in th* proofs and iUiiftfetions.
and
"l*a<f.
*n$ fir, Jfoiw RuflfeH, for 6w v fix sears** Jig *4£^nr«
rempYed |o his sftate 3$ $phupy- Abbey, nw ^c*
Spham, in Qaoabridgdhire (a rpoft rewe4 ft«*v c^$, .
tian)* this eftatc w» worth fourt w £x hmtr- ™Ja£
dred J pounds per annuo* * here * be fpeat the
'remainder of bis days, defqending frpm the
c toiWpme grandeur of governing m? n, to fhe
4 humble an4 happy gecupation of hu%apdry|| iv
ill this employment he was discovered by his
fovei^igB kjing Chajle* It. who m returning
from Newmarket, in the month of feptrember,
tffc* §t exprefltag hi* wifo *> call # Jbgie h^uf?
and J*&e rcfreifcment, pne of his <^qroe,r* $>-
ferved, th# there ym a very hqneft gentleman
in the i£ighb9Ui[hood, that would thipk it an
honor tQ entertain his raajefty, which the king
was pleafed with> ^ defircd him to con-
dudl them to bis friend's feat ; when they came
intp th$ faprp-yard (which led to the houfe)
saeof the courtioa taking up a muekifork* and
* Jfr/CfttaM. t Mr. Hcwiing Lufon.
J Neaf s hiftory pt Ac puritan*, who lays, the eftate
at Spinney- Abbey is copyhold. I have been told it brought
to Henry Cromwell 522!. loa. annually.
| Dr. Gifefogs, $ Ibid.
T 3 throwing
«7» MEMOIRS* OF THE"'
part jv. throwing it over his fliouMers, went before
8 Bt C 1 • la
>^-v^^/ mr. Cromwell, who was then in the yard, and
cron^ei!, wondering at fo large a company coming fo
n/ntofircl unexpectedly upon him, and ftill more fo at
this cerempny'of the muck-fork ; nor was the
Jring without his furprize i What, fays his
majefty of Fun, is the reafon of this ? Why,
. fire, fays the muck-fork 'Bearer, this gentle-
man, before whom I carry this implement of
hufbandryy Is mr. Henry Cromwell, to whom
I had the honor of being mace-bearer, when
he was in Ireland; Charles laughed, poor mr.
CrdrfiweU was confounded ; but the eafe of
the fovereign diffipated' all difqtiietudej the
hungry company were treated with what the
hofpitabfe Henry had, and th^y departed with
good humor and pleafure on all fides *« ;
* Cpmmunicated by the rev..E4ward Turner, of Bur-
well, in Cambridgelhirc* The printed accounts that I
have feen of this viflt of king Charles II. to mr. Hetuy
Cromwell fay, that one of the king's attendants went before
to acquaint him of his majefty Y intentions, and that as
Charles came in at one door, Henry went out at the Qthcr ;
and that mrs. Cromwell entertained the whole company
with great elegance : but I have reafon to fuppofe mr»
Turner is right in his relation, becaufe he is a very curious
gentleman, refides near the place, and is forae way alM
\Q the Cromwclls.
This
CROMWELL FAMILY. s?9
Thii truly great and <good man ended his part tv.
SFCT I
days in peace, if not in happinefs; ftripped ^^AJ
indeed of all his titles*, but ever pofleffing £2^
that true dignity that devices men abdvc the Jj^^f iZ
common rank of mortals, and fets themxrften Un4'
very far above thofe, who the fovereigh or
their birth have placed in a fituation that only
makes $eir faults and the weaknefc of their trn*
derftandings more confpicuous ; he died march
a3* 1674, very much and very generally re-
fpoftedf, and was buried upon the twenty-
fifth, within the communion-rails of Wicken
church, clofe to his mother : over him is a
black marble ftone, inferibed,
JHenricus Cromwell, de Spinney obiitxxiiu
die Martii Anno Christi MDCLXXIIL
• Ankoq. -SStatis XLV1L
So worthy a character is an honor to any
church ; it is, therefore, with pleafure, I ac-
* Henry was made one of His father's lords in 1657 5
but as he never was in England after 1655, till his bro-
ther's refignation, he never could fit in that houfe. It
appears that he had the power of creating knights when
he was in Ireland, but, like queen Elizabeth, he was very
frugal of conferring this honor, dubbing but two.
f Mr. Hewling Lufon*
T 4 quaint
ajU MEMOIRS OP THB
mjit iv.. qmint 'the reader, tb»t: be conformed t» the
SECT I
n^v^*/' church of England* and: in thai: ^omnmmion
cSrti, died*, It it ahnaft ncedfefiv alter :what has
w iftel been ah*ady given, to fpeak' of the teG&mdc
of .hisxhiradet, and the goodaefc of Us un~
dcrftandiag > hut aa nothing that can be pro*
duced in fo good a caufe UiouM be omitted,
I will give fome ihort feetchesof both, from
Yariotts, jxrioba, whnfe judgment may be te-
Uedti$on. Po&ar Lclaad, who£e hiftory is
fci&ly impartial ftjra, thAt cHtary was.pe-
5 netrating, juft, and generous fV Nea^ that
* he ## * wife: and difcrect governor, and by
f his prudent behaviour kept the Irifh in awe,
c and brought th* nation into sl flourilhing
* condition'^— c and tfctt when he was id lie-
♦ land, he b^hayed with fych a generous im-
f partiality, as gained him the efteem even of
♦ the foyajifts thertifehfe$:J:/ His father, the
* The lord lieutenant Cromwell, though he conformed
to the church of England, had the greateft companion for
fuch whofe conferences would not permit them to comply ;
Richard Parr, M. A. the ejected vicar of Chippenham, was
one of thefr, to whom Henry afforded a moft fcafonabfe
afylum. Noacanformift memorial. .
t Leland's hiftory of Ireland.
% Neal's hiftory of the puritans.
"« protcftor
CROMWELL rSttlfKLY. *8t
iproto&or Oliver, hears, this honorable teffc pi*rmv.
SECT, I;
wony of his merit,, that c he was a governor w-v~w
c ffom whom he hirnfelf might kam* j and c'JIILh,
the wife cardinal. Mazarine acknowledge^ **«**£
that c he admired him very much* § and coum
Hues lord Baucon berg, « as all -the world muftf #
th*tamiable nobleman, though he did not then
know his perfon, had the moft finccre and tender
regard for him: fir Anthony- Aihley Godper^
afterwards earl <xf Shafteftrory, in a letter to
him, feys, c yem may hare many who love
* hi$ hjghndfc' fbnne, hut I Jove Henry Gronn
< well> where he naked, without all tbofc
* glorious additions and titles, which, how-
c ever, I pray may continew and be encreafed
< on you % :? doftor Gibbons fays, that he re*
jnembered that a perfon, who was no incon-*
ilderable judge of men, faid of him, * that he
* was truly a great man, and might pais for a
f great man in thofe great day3/ I have
* Leland's biliary of Ireland.
f Letter from lord Fauconberg to Henry, dated from
Whitehall, June 8, 1 658, given in Thurloe* ftate papers. ^
{ Letter from fir A. At Coopet t^H^nry, dated fcpt. lo,
1657, and given in the kft quoted work. Q«ery, how
far tic wf ofSkafltJbtay Timtn&tte& Henry (Jrcmwel, fa
9 never
ftSs MEMOIRS OF THE
fart iv. never feen any thing that can bear the flighteft
SECT. £
<^-v-w ftani/upon his character, even by his enemies,
<wL«u, Except a fentence in a letter from his filter
MotrfSl Mary, afterwards lady Fauconberg, which
feem« to intimate his having fome female
acquaintance that brought his chaftity in
queftion; it is given below*. His numerous
virtues, amongft which was his lenity and re-
gard even for his enemies, particularly the
royalifts, in whQfe behalf he wrote to Thurloe,
acquainting him he difliked the idea of feve-
rhy to that party, and fet before him the
cruelty, as well as impolicy ofitfj yet this
4?d
* Lady Mai7 Cromwell, ia a letter to her brother
Henry, dated' defember 7, 1655,' writes, • I cannot but
* give you fome item of won that is swith you, which is fo
* much feared by your friends that lov you, is Tom def-
* honor to you and my dear fefter, if you have not a grat
4 car ; for it is reported hear, that (he nils much in your
4 family ; and truly it is feared (he is a defconntenanfer
* of the godly people ; therefore, dear brother, tak it not
« il that I give you an item of her, for truly, if I did not
44carly lov you both and your on or, I would HQt gi?
4 you notis of her/ Thurloe' s (late papers.
t One of his letters to Thurloe, given in his fiaU papers.
Mr. Hcwling Lufon lays, that his government in Ireland
* was fo mild a*4 equitable, that he acquire} a great de-
cree
C # O M VP PL L ' VA'JUtVt,
i$$
did not fcreen him from fome illiberal fatires- part ut:
from the cavaliers, who made no diftinftion s**»s-*f
betwtep any part of the Cromwell family*^ cwmweii,
n*nc of Ire*
* grcc of efteem, even from many, perfops of Jtyigh rank Und.
* in Jting Charles'* inteieQ. The late mr.rCrQmwell, of
* Kirby-ftreCt, told me' (fays this gentfeman) ' he found,"
' among the papers of Henry, many letter* /from perfonj
' of the firft diftin&ion in the king's party, warmly ac-
knowledging both the juftice. and favours they' had _rc-
* ceived from him. This candor procured Henry friends
1 and prdteclors'of all parties. Hughes's letters.
* In a fong called ' the rump carbonadoed, of a neW
ballad, are thefe yerfes ; • ♦
But young Dick and Qarrjr, not his hens ljuf his brats, 9
As if they had left wit and grace than gib- cats, .
Slunk from their commands like a pair of drown'd rats.
Which nobody can deny.
The found of a rump ne'er heard before,
In their addle pates*did fo wjilflle and roarf
That fttait they took themfelves to the back door*
Which, &c.
And another fong called the ? hiftory of the fecond death
• of the rump', has this verfe :
And king Oliver's Tons
(Like prince playing whorefdns.
That on too high parts had ventured)
Theytript with a hifs, *
Of their, ftate properties,
And exeunt two fools as they enter d.
Po&or Picrcy's loyal fongs.
the
Und.
,*4 WEMQIR3 Of THE
^^^S tofome in£4tj and thi* is t^ Jefs tQ be woo-
c2Zm> <Md *** as fowe of th« c*ft Jfort at $h*P word
*** rftel Cromwell now, though it is drawing near the
end of the eighteenth century, and more than
an hundred years fince that family have had
the kaft power.
It appears that his effigy was taken by
Abraham and John Simon*, but it i^ Angular,
tjiat we ftiould have neither any engraved por-
trait or medal of fo good and fo great a man.
A hive heard that mifs Cromwells are in pof-
feffion of an original portrait of him, perhaps
it is the fame as was mr. William Cromwell's,
* Lift of effigies executed by Abraham and John Simon,
made out by mr, Pennington, chederfcftoi;, of London,
and given to mr, .George Copland, engraver, who gave it
to* Thomas Hollis, efij. oclober 2, 1759* and U primed in
the life of the laft gentleman § there are mentioned in
that publication, the names of the following perfons, whofe
lives are given in thefc volumes \ carl of Warwick, lord
Ximbohon, Oliver and Richard* proteftors, mr. and mrs.
Cleypole, mr, and mrs. Ireton, Fleetwood* St. John, Wal-
ler, Hampden, Hammond, Lockhart, Qe [borough, Jones,
Scroop, Haziltig, Ltnthali, Hewfon, Haxrifon, Lambert,
and Monk.
the
CROMW-felTL YAMtl'Y. *8s
the groidfon of Henry $ mr. Panmn pofleffe* part ro
alfa an original one of the lord lieutenant; ^IL?
when ft thild ; Vetture has engraved his feal a$ c^mweu,-
lord deputy of foreland* it has his arms, with nAttf**!
the fame Quarters as his father's privy Teal, -
impaling thofe of his iadies \ whh his own
cneft* viz. a licm with a double tail* holding
it fpear^jAvelin,' the whole emblazoned and
inferibed, SIGILL. HENR1CL CROM-
WELL. HiBERNM/ DEFVTATIj the
original was in the pbffeffion of the late mr.
William CroftiweU,.
Henry's lady was Elizabeth, daughter of**jJ£jj*f
fir Francis fRuflfeil, hart, of Chippenham, in £2^
Cambridgelhires (he was exemplary in fair, ^ntin^
conduft, *nd elegant in her maimers* the h'°d'
people1 Ml remember her by the appeliatioit
of the good lady Cromwell*. The lady of
the lord* lieutenant Cromwell, to her grandfoh
mr. William Cromwell acquainted do&or Gib-
bons, 'entertained, before her marriage, an.il!
c opinion of her father Oliver -, but that upon
c her uniting into the family, all her prejudice
* Regifter and tradition of Wickcn.
was
*S6 MEMOIRtS of the-
*art iv. c faas rcraorcd; and changed into a moft af-
l£CT,L
s*~>~^ € feftionate eftdem for her father-in-law, as
Elizabeth*
*<fe of € the moft amiable of parents/ She furvived
ecomwefi, her hufband fomfe years* dyirig april 7, 1687,
lord lietitt*
»«m of ire- aged fifty ^two; and was buried clofe to him,
land, /
within the communion rails* of the church of
Wicken* upon hfer grave is a plain Jlonc
(called* in Cambridgeshire!: ckneb-ftone) . upon
which is this' infeription: .
Elizabeth* Uxor Hehriti Cromwell-. .:
'Qbiitf die Jprilis At? i6Zp ' •
Annoq. Mtatis fit* ,5a.. . .
ChiMren of <ffc iffue of Henry j the lord lieutenant w*s*i
Cromwell, l
lord lieutc- lm Oliver, bCfrri at .Cork-Hoxife,' Dublin, aprri
nine of ire- ' .
***?- 1 8, 1656 : fe died at Spinney-Abbey 1 , in april,
*(*"£'"* x^85* m^ was buried ^°^e to his grandmother,
fott* the proteftor Olivet's lady, within the rails of
WicWn church; upon a cleneh-ftane laid down
to preferve his remains is this infeription :
* The genealogy of the Cromwells, from Hemry the
lord lieutenant, is taken fafdm regifters and monumental
inscriptions, a pedigree fent me hy mifs Cromwell, and
iome particulars upon the fubjeel commjmicated to mc by
Other friends ; it would be troublefome both to myfelf and
the reader, and, I think, ufelefs to particularize*
i Dr. Gibbons, arid mr. Lufon's accotmr of this family.
* QHucir
CROMWELL FAMILY. 4«7
. Oliueir Cromwell Filius tiemui , partiy.
Cromwell* obiit * Apr* jf 1685, . ^^J
illttWjf. ALtattS JH4 2g. Henry
Cromwell,
I fhould fuppofe he died a bachelor. . 'wJS!**
2. Henry, who continued this line, and ©F ^SSwn
whom hereafter. e*.a4fc*
3. Francis, born at Chippenham, June 7, 5fr>F,5*
1663; he died in 1719, but where buried is *wft*
not known.
4. Richard, born at Spinney-Abbey, and bap- *!<*«*
tized auguft 13, 1665 : he died in London, fe- «%.4thfdi.
bruary 18, 1686*7.
5. William, born at Spinney-Abbey, april 29, J?1"""
1667 > thi* gentleman went to the Eaft-Indies, «f* fift*
where he died, January 9, 1691.
Thefe laft three gentlemen never were married.
6. Elizabeth, born at Whitehall, in feptember, »«***
Cromwelly
1^54f > who died july 17, 1659, at Chippenham* eWcft
* The day jf the montfy is gone.
t Henry mentions the illnefs of his little daughter ia
* Letter to Thurloe, dated Dublin, december 10, 1656 -9
but
iiS MIMOUS OF THE
MKTft. at her maBtnal fljandiatber's, *nd it buried in
!E55 the church there.
JSUd, 7. Elizabeth, Tx>rn at Chippenham, June 3,
ll^rfii «66o> &e becaaie the wife of William Ruflell,
*"?" of Fordham, efq. and died in London, in 1711.
Cawweu, This lady and W defendants were -die irioft
Jctond
*»gfc«ef. unfortunate of all the family * lier and thefr
hiftory is given in another place *.
8 EC- T I ON H.
Henrj Henry Cromwell, fecond fon of the lord litfc-
<Ki|.foniB4 tenant, and the only one wha continued the
fcfirof
Henry, bra name* was bprn at Dublin Caftle. then his lu
■kmchmr ...» if
tfiitiairf. the^s refidence as chief governor of Ireland,
march 3, 1658 ; after his eldeft brother's death,
- he fucceeded him in the cfiate at Spinney-* Abbey,
; which he enjoyed for fcveral years, till, by the
enthufiaim of mrs. Cromwell, in fupporting the
diflenting intereft, and fome extravagance, he
was obliged to difpofe of that eftate ; after which
he was brought into the army, by the intereft
%UK in another, dated the *4*fy of the feme month, he fays,
• I bleft God, my iittle daughter is well recovered/
* Vide hiftory of the RufTels of Fordham* no. 56, in
die hiftory of -feveral f erfons *nd families defceoded from
•rallied to the Crotmvelb by females, vo*. II. *
of
C-ROMWELL -FAMILY. .i$g
of the duke of Oftnond, * in acknowledgment, part iv.
SECT II
' as he always declared; of the great fervice and ^^J
c benefit his family received from, Henry Crom- ©romweii,
c weB* while he was lieutenant in Ireland. Thefe he« of M
c acknowledgments, and the real advantages ie- Hertenint'
« fulting from them, fays mr. Hewling Lufon,
c bear the fulleft and faireft at^eftation to the
« honor of Henry's government, and to the
1 truly. noble difpofition of the duke of Ormond,
c the protestor of his family.' Nor did his grace
ceafe to incercft himfelf in his favor, till he law
him a major of foot, and probably would have
obtained his further promotion, had he not beeri
cut off by a fever* whilft he ferved under the
command of lord Galway in Spain,, when queen
Anne was endeavouring to let the crown of that
kingdom upon the head of a prince of the auf-
trian houfi^ in opposition to one of the princes
of the bourbon race : his death happened in die
year 171 i. .
The wife of major Cromwell was Elizabeth, Elizabeth,
■* ^ wife of
eldeft daughter of mr. Benjamin Hewling, an Henry
eminent Turkey merchant of London, by Han- '£'££*
nah, daughter -of William Kiffin, who was alfo «•«««.
Vol.I. U amer-
?$• memoir's d* rtft
fAltt it. 4 merchant * ftre twas tmwted to tor. Ciomwett,
S £ C T. ft
w-v^/ may 28, irf86* ffie1 tfrisfof ttmts her femfly ex-
wift'of tb> perienced from the fafefitf $f king James If.
c»mweH, and the fahatifni <jf her religious tenets 4fet her
Se lort niind agaihft' the cftablKhed formv aiftf led her
lieutenant. .
into (otfie uhtf&rthtabte warmths* fte^mftead
Of cdpyltfg titer djfempfeof her fiuAattcP* tirtfcher,
fetherfelf Openly agafrrtt tlbe eftabfiflmttOvwrtd
out thrf derjgyman that had been Jbng refldent
ni the farttffy, and enterraSried j iti hh fleadf, a
baptift rtiltitet ; not ccntettt with tfifc, fte en*
deavoured to gM £rOi%tt3 td Iter Opinkwte, a!!
which ted mtf Ctomweli into ftith pecuniary
inconveniences, as obliged hifti, Ibotf after their 1
marriage td pafft With the &bey of Spfnney*.
It does not appear,, however, that fhe brought |
over her hufbatnd tb defert the eft^lHhed church.
Her tendemefs to her unfortunate bfothe^-wfcilft
iiiprifon and under fentente of death, Will ever
» make her memory beloved by thofe wh<& have
any regard for fraternal affe&ionj the xnelan-
* Lord Orford pnr chafed the cftate of Spinney-Abbey
of mi. Henry Cromwell, who left it to His fiftcr lady Tip-
pin ; fhe devifed it to her two daughters, one of whom
married lord Sands, the other Arencr, etj.
4 eholy,
CROMWELL FAMILY. v »9»
choly tragedy of their imprifonment and deaths part iv.
was chwfly written by her. She died ia 1731 *. $^Z'
Children of
Henry
The iflut of th\» marriage was, fiffly OJmr, £^£1
bom * Sjmrny- Abbey! eftofcer r8, and bap. JbSijfc
lifed « Wicfc^n, novefttx* 17, 1687 * he died jSS*f
at OrayVIm, London, may 3u 1703, u* S,^
... ,n.-?».l efq.eld«ft
2. Beftjaam tfcwling, bom atSpinncy- Abhey# Benj«min'
Hcwling
novsn&ter i*, and baptifed at Wicken, govern- Cromwdf,
efq. fccoa4
tw aj* 16&9 ^ hejdied at York, auguft 25, 1694. fe*
3. Henry, bom at Spinney- Abhey, inarch 22, Henry
- Cromwell,
1691-2**1x1 buried at Wicken, June 9, following. *M(*u
4. William, bom in Cripplegate pariih, ia g™^
London, . aptil 24, 1 6^j •, he rcfided in that city* • 4SSH^
in chuqbecs, ia Gray Vlan, where he fpeot the «£»%mk
gretteft part of hi$ life, having been defigned for
the law* fo late as 1750, ha awtied Mary the
for*
* Vide fome account of the fufferings of two unfor-
tunate yquths^f the Hewling family, no. 37,. in the hiftory
of feyeral pcrfons and families allied to or defcended front
tbcCrom wells, given in the fecond volume,
U z widow
sg* MEMOIRS OF THE
1»art iv; widow of Thbmas Welbf , clq. of Linton, in
S£CT II*
v^v-L/ the county of Cambridge ; fhe was alfo much in
chiMfe* of years . a^er k]s marriagC he refided about two
So^T/nd- years at Bocking, in Eflex, where mrs. Crom-
iy,^diitu" well died, march 4, 1752*, leaving him a
lreiTnd! Moderate fortune ; upon her death he returned
to London, and died in Kirby-ftied:, Hatton-
Garden, July 9, 1772, in the eightieth year of
his age. His funeral fermon was preached at
HaberdaflierVHall, by doftor Thomas Gib-
bons, which has been publifhed, with 'a Ihort ge-
nealogy of the Cromwell family, aftd to which
I have had frequent recourfe, efpecially in his
account of the descendants of the lord lieutenant
JienryV Dfoftor.XJibbons thus fpeaks in his fer-
mon of this mr. William Cromweil ; * he was a
* member of this church, I fuppofe near, if not
V quite fifty years, or more, and was a deaebnof
€ it near thirty ; and I never heard of a firigle
* blemilh upon his chara&er during the whole
* period of either his deaconfhip, or communion
'* with us : and, methinks, it is no fmall thing
* The gentleman's magazine fays, mrs. Cromwell died
apri^G* 175a, but, by miftake, the chriftian nam«ofber
hufband is called Thomas.
'for
CROMWELL FAMILY. *93
* for the lamp of a chriftian profeffion to be part ir.
' maintained through fuch an uncommon fpace w>A*/
s without its ever having been fo much as once Hew ™n °
c damped, or obfcured. He appeared to be efq!m^»nJ.
c a chriftian indeed, not only by abftaining ry,ior<u£j!
c from what was grofs and fcandalous, pro- ircUnd. .
c phane and ungodly, but by a fpirituality of
c temper, and an attention to inward religion,
c and the pulfe of his foul towards God ; and
c indeed his fentfments and conduct manifeft-
( ed an happy union of experimental and prac-
< tical gpdlinefs. He met, and no wonder in
€ fo long a pilgrimage, with very heavy afflic-
f tions, but never did I hear him murmur or
* repine, though I am perfuaded he was not
* without quick and keen ft nfations. He ap~
* peared to be of an humble fpirit, and I well
c remember his faying to me not long before
* his deceafe, " that he would lie at the foot
" of God." In the frequent vifits I m*de him
' in his decay of nature, I did jiot perceive him
* in high and overflowing joys, nor on the
' other hand did he feem left to confirmation
cand terror. How have I found him yfitk
' foipe good book of the divines of the laft
U 3 f ag£
t94
FART IV.
SECT. II.
Children pf
Henry
Cromwell,
d'q. graad-
ion of Heo-
ry, lord lieu-
tenant of
Ireland.
MEMOIRS OF THE
c ag^pn his hwd, or an hi* table ? And where
€ are there writings that ever excelled tfatii* for
< deep penetration, Ipiriirca^
c perience and favour ? He mightfeave badgen-
€ teel provifion made for him in Hfe, beyond
€ what providence had ochctrwife given him* if
c he could have qualified as a member «£ the
c church of England » but he chnfe rather to
4 preferve his confeience inviolable, and to re-
-« main a nonconformist, than advamce himfelf
* in the world, and depart from what appealed
*to him the line of duty.' This gentleman
-communicated fome letters to the editbr of
Thunoc's ftatc papers, of his grandfather the
lord deputy of Ireland^ during his govern-
ment in that kingdom. He was intimately
acquainted with, and refpe&ed by, mr. Hollis,
t£ lingular, memory.
Richard
Cromwell,
efq. fifth
Henry
Cromwell,
efq. fixth
fon.
5. Tiichard, of whom in the next ife&ion,
6. Heray, born may 16, 5698 1 he refided
chiefly in London; government ^gavefetta a
place in the offtce of Excife ; his death hap-
pened January 4, 1 759, having never married,
. 7. Thomas,
CROMWELL F^tyl^y. ^
-7, ThffW* Y#e k&m the fourth A$£Jaft. J*S£$
Children of
8, Oliverj bora in Gray's-Jnj^, Londpn, fep- »*7
*M&Nr *& * 7°4t M like feis iatfcr, -&rved in «f* -.«?*■
- ion of Hen*
the britffh army> he was 911 enfign £n ax^ift* r^d%u*
regiment, but difliking his fituation, he re- IreUn^
~ , , . -«..#• , Mr.Thos.
tetrad £M3 c$wuM6o», apd ipenx the r^m^in- Cronweii.
4cr#f &• We » privacy and retiremejit j fc ou«r
4ied &,the Jxgioning q£ 4U|guft, 1748. dCS*
fan.
xi, 1691. She died unmarried; in 1732, *u> Setter
cording to mifs Cromwell's manufcript, but
before 1730, if we believe nar. Hewling
Lufon.
*o. Hannah, born at Hackney, January 10, H»nft^ %
Crom welly
1696-7 ; *he time of her death is unknown. yoonpft
* ' daughter.
SECTIONS.
Hicfcard Cromwell, efqj the fifth fon of major Richard
Henry .Cr^>B^cll, and graodfon of Henry lord J^pLx
grandfon of
■lieutmant of JtoeUnd, iw« bocn at Hackney, Hen^, lord
lieutenant
may xi* X695, he was »bred to the law, and of Iceland.
was an eminent attorney-at-law, and folicitor
? U4 in
,96 MEMOIRS OF THE
*£*TW. in chancery ; his refidcnce was in Bartlett's-
SEC i> 111*
^-v~ Buildings*; he died at Hampttead, decem-
s«r»h, wife ber * 17 ?o: he married Sarah, daughter of
of Richard o* 1 u c
Cromweii, Ebenezer Gatton, a grocer in Southwark, by
whom he had.feveral children, viz.
Robert i. Robert-Thornhill Cromwell, fo named
Thorahill #
cromwdi. from a near relation of his mother, and- from
cfq.firftfon.
whom he received a handfome fortune; he
died at Chefhunt, in Herts, January 18, in the
year 1762, without iffue, and I believe 'Un-
married.
»
Oliver %, Oliver, whp died an infant.
Cromwell, * • •
fetond (on.-
MifsEiizt- 3. Elizabeth; this lady, with her fitters Ann
beth Crom-
wdj, eiiicfi and J^etitia, refided at Little-Berkhampftead,
daughter. * # * Xl
in Hertfordihire ; but thre$ or four years ago
(he removed to Hampftead, ne# Ijpndoni by
the death of her brother Robert fhe and her
fitters l^ecatme pofieffed x>f very affluent ftr-
* Richard Cromwell, efq; alfo contributed fome original
papers of his anceftor the lord lieutenant, when he was ma-
jor-general only of the army in Ireland, to the editor of
Thurlow's (late papers : he is there called, of Lincoln's-
inn-Field.
tunes,
gromWell *amY£y. «97
tunes, for befides what was left them by their part rfr
7 ^ 9ECT. in
father, (he and her filler Letitia (pufs Ann
Cromwell the other fitter being dead) have an Richara '
n - .. Crortwell,
eftate in Herts of about 6ool. which is the efq.gwtt j
grand foil of
eftate that was their brother's, and came by Henry
the relation of their mother; they alfo poflfefs nan'of lr*
many valuable and curious things belonging
to their great anceftor the prote&or Oliver,
with portraits of many of the family. This
lady and her furviving fifter are unmarried,
and are very much efteemed by thofe who
they honour with their friendfhip.
t. Ann, fhe died at Berkhamftead, in fept. ]«<• am.
J . . . Cromwell,
i777> and was buried in a vault in Bunhillr fc°n*
' ' ' ' daughter,
fields, where this family have long depofited
their dead. There is no monument erected
to her. memory, or to thofe of any of her der
ceafed relations at that place, I have heard
that this lady was very fpirited, and when
obliged once to make way for the royal
family, flie replied, * it is difagreeable to
* give place to thofe who are in that elevated
? jfaite which I ought to poffefs,— -but I fufct-
< mic \
S9« MEMOIRS Of -THE
SK? tl' ' mk j* this I ym cold fejr one vbo veil kxw*
^-v^ and highly eflfcenaod toer.
Ricl*rd
CtpmmfdU
tfq«w*t 5# Eleanor, who died an infant.
Henry. " '
lotd l*«*e-
wttfto- 7. Lctitia, tfeislady fleftdes with -her lifter,
Bic»i»r yniis Cromwell, and of whom I havefpc&en
Cromwell, ■ *
*w before*
daughter.
Mifs Letitia
SST* s e c t i on iy.
daughter;.
Mr. Tho- Thomas Cromwell, the feventh fan of Henry
mis Crom- %
weii, great Cromwell, the major and grandibnof the lord
grandfon of .
Henry, lieutenant of Ireland, was born at Hackney,
lord lieute- /
Bwofte.f augufl: i£, 1699. This Thomas was in an
humble fituation indeed for the defcendant of
the great Oliver, being no other than a grocer,
wixich bufinefs he carried on upon Snow-Hill,
in London. His virtues deferved a more
elevated employment, as he was a perfon of
exemplary life; he died in JBridgwater-Square,
oclober 2, 1748 : he was twice married, firit
Frances and to F«raiices> daughter of aaar* John Tidioan, a
Mary,wives "
ofrar-Tho- reputable tradefman; his feeond wrife .was
mas Crom- * *
wiu -Maxy, the daughter of Nicholas Skiaocr, a
merchant
CROMWELL FAMILY. Xftf
Merchant in. London j Sac is Hill living; the Paotiv.
iflue of the former marriage was four childsau *-*■»*
£hc latter .fix.
IflSne of mr. Thcw&as Cromwejl, by Frames £^(^1
ft&firftwife. c^JSu
j. -Henry, he diedabout *77J*u«wwriftdr J** *&«*
cfeftfo.
ft. Thomas,
3, Elisabeth i who died infante.
Tfconusani
Elizabeth
Cromwell
4. Ann, married o&ober i, 17 <3*, to mr. AimCnw-
*■ • ■ f *r well, fecoad
John Field, an apothecary, in Newgate-Street,, *»Ehte*
.London, and is tjie mother of two fons and
two daughters.
The iffue of rar, Thomas Cromwell, bjr cESU,
Mary, his fecond wife, ^* nl^th*
Only fur Tir-
ing fon ; ho
£ Oliver Cromwell, this gentleman ^was &&&&*<.
bred an attorney iw was of the Million-Bank, «,.wa
lieutenftt
^ Gentleman snagaBitieiay^Q^obcr^ 17 53 » at vftuth the young,
tiffte w. Field lived .upon SuQw^BiU. oife*
and^p^
3po MEMOIRS OF THE
part iv. and ;in partnership with the gentleman whoft
sect, iv/ *
wv*** daughter he married, but is now a felicitpr in
cromweii, chancery, and clerk to St. Thomas's hofpital,
buVnowthc in London; € he is/ fays mr. Hewling Lufon,
?ngyron7he *' very much, and very juftly eftecmed by his
great granJ- < numerous acquaintance ;' and this chara&er
ion of Hco-
rjf lord is (I am informed by many who well know
lieutenant . .. '' .
of iKianVr; him) rather below than above his merit : I am
the young- '
eft fon of - happy to inform my reader that mr. Cromwell
jord Brptc«- i3 in great pra&ice, having fome of the £rft
- noblefle his clients. He much refprnbles his
great namefake ; fo true it is, what Grainger
fays, that family refemblances continue often
for centuries. He married Mary, daughter of
mr. IMorgan Mbrfe, an attorney, by whom he
has had three children, viz. i. Afon, who died
an infant. 2. Oliver, born in feptember, 1782;
he and his father are now the only male defend-
ants of the protedtor Oliver. 3. Elij&atjeth-TMi-
vera, born in June, 1777; .
choB,weHJ *** Thomas, who was Put an apprentice to a mn
efci. fotmfc Butall, an ironmonger, in the Strand, near Nor-
thumberland-Houfe ; but no fooner was the term
of his apprenticefhip expired, thaq he procured
a com-
CROMWELL FAMILY. 301
i commiffion in the army, and embarked for partiv.
SRCT IV
the Eaft-Indies, where he died, unmarried, in >^Jw
1 771 ; he was a handfome, fliort, well made per* S'tSd^
ion, and much efteemed* *, cromwdi,
7. Richard* who died an iftfonk \ . \ ' ' . ciomwdi,-
fifth foo.
8. Elizabeth, who died young and unmarried.- ci^wdi
- third
daughter*
9. Sufannah : this lady is now unmarried, and Jj^JjJ
refides with mrs. Cromwell* her mother, in Pa* ^rt£crf
ter-nofter-row, nowim»&
io. Hannah-Hewling 5 fhe died an infant, hSwiIo"
Cromwell,
fifth
Thus the proteftorate houfe of Cromwell may *««-*«
not be improbably reprefented as a river, which
taking its rife in the mountains of Wales, conti-
nued long in that principality, when gently glid-
ing down the hills of Glamorganfliire, and mean*
dering through various counties, it arrived at the
imperial Thames, where having gained great
ftrength, and enlarged its bounds, it changed its
ancient name* and turning its courfe north-eaft,
rolled on into Huncingdonfhire, where it loitered
a con-
£U MEMOIRS, I*.
fart ir, 4 confkfcrabk time, anddxvkted hJelf into various
SECT. 1V»
**~^*J branches $ om of the learft of them ftiddenlj
btfrftifcg its banks, fretted itfelf inter a tremen-
dous river, which not only fwaliawed up the
main ftream, but at length overflowed three
mighty nations; and by its rapidity and dread-
ful violence, fpread terr6r throughout the globe ;
wheA it as fikmly, as &ddodjr, jreturncd to far
lefs than its original limits •, leaving, however,
ftamy notrie branches behind k ; ev«f Once it
has foftl]r mwmured on towards the fotith, where,
inftead of its former boundlefs current* k i**iew
only admirable for the clearnefs and goodnefs of
itsftttao**
P B OOFS
PRO O F S
A K D
I JL L u a X R A T I o n 3.
h ET.T ER A-
To prove that the pf Meliorate houje of Cromwell had
originally thejirname ofWilttams, and that they tame
from Wdku
IT would bo abaoft c ndleft to give a catalogue of
fuch authors who agree with the pedigree, that
Oliver the lord profe&or was defcended from a welch
fiamily ! but the writer of the article of his life in th#
Biographia Britannka avers otherwifc; he pretends,
4 that k is more probable that this family defcended
4 by the females from Ralph lord Cromwelly of Tatter*'
4 JhaU, in Lincolr\/hire9 the laft heir male of which was
4 lord high treafurer in the reign of Henry VI. and one
4 of his co-heireflbs married fir William Williams*
4 whofe defendants might afterwards take- the name
4 of Cromwell, in hopes of attaining that title, which
4 Humphrey Bourcbier, a younger fon of the then earl
*of
3o4 t> R O O FfS AND
* of EffeX, who married the eldeft of the co-heirefle*V
* a£hially had, and was killed at Barnet field, fighting
* on the fide ef king Edward IV.' {ijfuehfs) and who
is buried in Weftminfter-Abbey.
But this is far from being the fa£t : for the fir Wil-
liam* who rhanried Maud, daughter of Ralph' Cromwell,
and one of the co-heirefles of her nephew, Ralph lord
Cromwell, treafurer to king Henry VI. had not the
firname of Williams, but Fhz-Wttlianis 5 this it obvious
from .all the different peerages, which mention either
the pedigree of the old lord Cromwells, or that of the
prefent earl Fitz- Williams, who is defcended from that
marriage : his lordfhip's arms are totally unlike thofe
of the protectorate houfe of Cromwell, though it is
iiniveifally acknowledged, that this' latter family re*
tained their armorial bearirtgs when they changed
therrname.
In proof of this, what can be ftronger than ifrhat fir
William Dugdale, in his fhort view of the troubles in:
England, fays, that * his* (Oliver^) « extra&ion by the
* father's fide, was from fir Richard Williams* knight,'
f a gentleman of eminent note in the court of king
« Henry VIII. and fon to Morgan ap Williams (*
* wekhman) by , filter to Thbmas.lotd CrmmotlU
* earl of EJfex^ is not to be doubted, who being prefer-
1 « red
ILltfS.T* ATI©NS. 305
* red tp: tlie fervi^e of king Bepry, was 4foi; that caufe
« (and no other) called Cromwell, as i? ^pfmre^At enough
4 from teftimonies of credit/
Haftis, fci his life of th$»lw4 p«rt$£|bi:> in coufirn^f-
lioa of thfe .rpfetion of 6r ^illiaoi Dyfedak, relate*,
that c if he had not been mifinformed, 4*gny gentlemen
* of the name of Williams, in Wales, valued them-
* felvea upon this defcent of Oliver Cromwell/
Thfc is fci#ciepk.ai>d fljof£ tfcn fiiftcfegt, to sfta-
blifh that part of the pedigree which relates to the pro*
te&orate houfe of fyomwfllh fefcfltiQpg frpm \hp
Wilfc*fc 0* Wales. ■'. «'
It will gojt be uapertiae^t to x&fcfvft here, thai tfefe
WiffiaEms of fflamorjgahfliire (from lyliom Oliver the
lord fpote&K 4efi*ndp<l) ware allied ,t© the Williams
of Berkshire, of wfcieh Amity was John lord Tanie;'
take.^jt b« ,$1 £931 /Ur Wi)lj$m Dwgdste OjiJhfe
futjefi $ •«• John ford WaHfems, of Time, rn Oxford-
* (hire, 'was of the ftme fondly with fir Richard Wilr
'liaas^.kqigkJf (the tptolieftor OKver^s great grand-
father^ * who affunjed the firname of Cromwell, in.
* theijij^ of }wg JHefiry VJH, vi*, fecond fon of John
* Williams, of Burfield, in die county of Berks, knight,
Vol. I. X 'by
4
p6 PROOFSAN&
• by Elizabeth his wife, daughter and co-heir to fcegi-
*nald Williams*.'
This lord Williams, after filling feme of the moft
important offices under our fovereign*, died in the be-
ginning of die reign of queen Elizabeth, without male
iffue furviving^t*
• Sir William Dugdalc's baronage*
f Lord John Williams, of Tame, rrfe like moft of the great men
inking Henry VIlTs. court, from* very inconfiderable beginning; frr
fee was only a menial fervattt to that* prince, and was afterwards clerk
of the jewethouie, tad gaining rt*eie« at court, be procured a patent
for the office of matter treafurer thereof; but Cromwell, then the rifing
favorite, obliged him to part with half of it to himfelf, though there
was fome relattonfhip between the families : Having procured fiifficient,
he purdhafed Ricot, in Oxfordfhire, and held many other lncrative of*
rices in the lame king's reign, particularly that of trcafurer of the
jtagmeatationa : he was knighted by king Henry, and highly obliged
o^ueen. Mary I. by declaring very early in h« £avor, for which he was
created, by writ of fummons to parlement, lord Williams of Tame (bat
It waa not unrolled?; %oattb made'him lord chamberlain el the hoafe-
hold to king Philip, that queen's c©n(brt„at the tin>e of shtir marriage :
queen Elizabeth alfo made him prefident of the council of the principality
•of Wales, immediately upon her attention, bat he did not hold it long,
dying in the firft fear af that, *ejga; fee twice parried,*. Elisabeth,
daughter and co-heir of Thomas Bledlow, efq. and widow of Andrew
Edmorides9efa..-»i. Margery) the daughter of Thomas lord Wentwortfc, by
whom he had bo iffoe. By his firjft lady he had Henry, who married
Anna, daughter of. Henry lord Sufprd, but died ifluelcjs J*fare b**i
Francis, who alfo died, without any child, before His father i Ifabella,
who was married to fi* John Wen man, knt. and Margery, who became
lady to Henry lord Korrif, created in her right, baron Rkot, from a
lord/hip of that name he had with her. Eitioft peerage.
The
ILlOSTvRATIONS. 307
The Biographia Britannica ("under the article Oliver
Cromwell) rejefb .the jde* that there was any affinity
between that great man's anceftors and lord Williams,
becaufe, fays he, the prote&or was a profeffed' enemy
to that houfe for their loyalty; but the gentleman who
writ this life of the prote&or Oliver, ihould have re-
flected* that friendihip and kindneft, between even the
neareftjejanons* a*e but (lender ties when political and
religious difputes interfere, and. are none at all when
the relationfhip is very remote : the hiftory of the Jaffc
century fufficiently evinces, that even the neareft in
blood were made the moft violent enemies, when the
luft of power, or the inveteracy of fa&ioq, intervened*
It muft be remembered, that this writer has fiud, that
&Rkb**Wiffiaiiw, alias Cromwell, and lord Tame,
were brttfaex*, from the authority of fir William Dug-
dak; but the ea»& extraft which I have pven will be
fouadtofcynofuchtbipg-
XV LETTER
Sof . PJLOOFS AMP
LEtTER B.
To prove that Jir Richard (Fjlliqms^ alias. Cromwell, int.
great grandfather of tfo frotjfiar Oliver, zvqs born in
(he parifh of Lanijhw, in the, county of Glamorgan.
Sctraa from LeUnd V <tftt*rafry y £fr& *ti\lbh, Qrford,
/^OMMOTES* in Glamorganfliire fcibworth lyith
^"^ from the Mouthe of Remny up to an Hille in
the fame Commote cauflid Kevtnon f , a 6 Miles from the
M<?utH of Remny. This Hille goith as a WaufleJ
z over-thwart betwix the fevers of Thane and Remny. j
frt^Ca»a*/llev^g&^UlKte w'tfeterPhatde* |
cayed at -Eglhs Newith lfc*fa* VtowStoet Jxmfrfi |
— fn 4he fortk Mentha* Hffle #a* tor* Midb**d>
William alias Cromwelle yn thfc ft»a^<#<[4ftft4fcit«
Leland was a contemporary of fir Richard's, and no
doubt well known to him, as both were near the per-
fon of their fovereign, king Henry VIII. this is a very
convincing proof, that the Biographia Britannica errs
in making fir Richard defcend from an englifh, and
not a welch family.
'♦-Cotfmofes tit bottndaricfn f <d, %\C • J Waullc is will.
LETTER
I L t V t T* IATCI DNS. 34
ft firm that it>e earl of%]fix'sJi^er married to mr. Mor-
gan Williams, andnottbat the tail thamea4 his Jifter.
. •;.' ;. ■:-■:. , -. \ t .•: ' .• w. ,■•"•'■ ' ■ • ' '■ " ' • ;_ ■ <"
thciwgbtMi.of oas Waiianliv')».'v#iotfR»«: Mttfol
g(49 ft! totta*} fat . fat *a*. gthen , the . m*» of **
«^«ftffc^ r*itl^.c*>te% v*bkh i» 0* feme #
tb« Wiliamst i«Ba» GwawelU to..* liofcwmffOfe .. ...
gentfei&w«ithw fcortPKed thai iaurtW* -ifjf' th* ij#,
oi taufe iu< fibm a (xdigrefe tint vHasereMnmusd fofcfir
WtfjfuDdgilk, in hj»; tannage, dbfemtfrtsat he
badfeen a pedigree, iwhertia fa.«i«Kpnlfe4ii.tlfetthe
earl of Eflex married a daughter of one Williams, a.-
wclebfon, but fwppoM >t mt a StfateiiMl felons,
Atfl* itafe that WiUrtWi^.'mw^ fes.<*f^ wi's)
* fift«fcfor .cfcrtatt it ij, . ft*t fo- Fionar*. .WHnnf is
' 'fW teh»oi>wa hie, fi«*b*w^>vjw b?it^ jwe^f ^ «*
'the finite** k«Dfe«ea^„YiII. afWnwd« «ffit**i(
tl» m«>.of CromwtdL', . ■..,-■
<
5* Brooke's catalogue of honor,. , f York'i «n»on of honor.
J Vincent's. H Milles titles of honor.
X 3 Without
$10 ... PAOOP«TAHJI .
Without doubt, fir WiHiam Dugdale's judgment and
information yns egual, if nptiar fuperior to any, per-
haps to all the others ; and wjien his teftimony expreficg ,
though ^rith a fuppofe to it, is corroborated, with the
pedigree of the Williams, alias Cromwell, drawn up not
many years after the parties; were1 dead,' we cannot, I
thinks be long in hefitatiflg to give him fuU credit : it
»mft be urged too/ that the evidence of th*:-earf* coat
td arms being upon the moil ancient po*t of Hipchis-
•brooJte fc&Ufe, which was buil*4»y4i*r Riohard WiKams,
alias GfymweU, isavery great corifirmation $ 'hut' what
I think is moft to be relied upon is, that we find a better
account of the earl's family iathe Williams, alias Crom-
, well's pedigree, than I haite feen dfewhere * wt have not
only the name of the eaurPs father, but alfo the ebriftian
and firname of his countfefs, viz. .ElBOjbeih^Pryore,
which no other writer I believe has given.
Why Morgan Williams, a gentleman of eftate and
family in Wales, ftould Jnrta*iy the daughter 6f a black-
finith of bfeWer of Ptitngyi is a queftioA I am hot fully
able to anfvier; k* :w#*»a,y prefun^ that the Mar*-
fimtb jfras enabled to cVange his bufinefs, from many
favorable circumftances, to that of a brewer, which latter
was a much fuperior one in the reign of king Henry VIII.
than at prefent ; it is highly probable, that though he died
, a brewer, he might leave a very good (perhaps) large
' fortune
I L L U 8 Tl ATI ONS. 314
*brttmc behind him : we know of many of the ftobleft
families in England, that are dcfcendcdfrom perfons
trho w^re lord mayors awd flier iffs of London, and othet*
-who were of trades which would difgrace {in the efti-
mation of the illiberal) the families of the middling
people of this kingdom.
If we fuppoft that mr. Writer Cromwell, the brewer
-of Putney, died rich, as there is the higheft probability
*he did not die poor*, there can be ho reafon affigned
why his daughter fhouH be thought an improper match
for mr. Morgan Williams, a welch gentleman of an
dtate of three or four hundred a year, when mr. Mor-
gan Williams's fon and gflandfon, two of the richeft
* Ifad Thomas Cromwell (the ft* of Waiter Cromwell, after*
wards earl of Eflex) had no fortune from his father, or very little, he
would never have been in- a capacity to go abroad, and particularly to
have been in many oifices of traft and importance, both in the Nether*
lands and at Rome; bat, like Wolfey's family, his original meannefs
h*s been roach more dwelt upon, end i made greater than In reafon it ought,
to fef off the greatnefa of their advancement ; it is admitted, that C?oku
well, afterwards earl of £fTex, was fome times very poor, both when in
England and in Italy, but it does nor prove that he was 16 when he firft
fee oat in life ; his education in learning latin was that of no very ordi-
nary perloa ; he was in various employments ; in fome of Which, from
bis intriguing difpofition, he might loft as well as get by : certainly he
wis, when in Flanders and at Rome, in the papal court, in very far from
mean cirenmfiiacet ; bat little of what the argument will bear has been
given.— -{Sir Richard Baker's conttnuator fays, in difference to all" others,
that the earl of Effex's daughter married to mr. Williams of Gl*»
morganfhire, '
X 4 knights
H* .PROOFS AN P.
fcnigfes ahd private fribjefts ih the. kingdom, fawrrfcd,
Ac oap adulter of i flrian6r,jana tile otfee*: that of a
jneter: 4ady. Anh Bolognfeiand bdy Janfe Seymwr,
t*o of the rrmny wives of. king HentyVHI. wve d*
fceifctedfrsAi tracte{menJo£lx>adoiK .
Mr. Williams ap Yeban's being employed by Jafper
duke,:of Bedford, uncle to king Henry VII. and by
Henry YIIL iufficiently accounts for the acquaintance
of hi^fon Morgan Williams with mifs Cromwell, wb*
might live with her mother,in London, after her Se-
cond marriage, where both inr. Williams ap Yebani
and his ipa mr. Morgan Williams, might refide often*
in their attendance at court.
> ii Tip 9mmm+m**mM i Q nun , •"
LETTER IN
To refute Fuller's bear/ay xtport .that Oliver At pntetor
was no ways allied to Tbtifun WtifotiB* ttirl of EJfex,
the vicar general. ,
T^UtLlER, in his worthies, (peaking of fir'Hewy
Cromwell, fheriff of Cambridgeshire arid ffuhting-
3oofiiire (grandfather .of Oliver lord prote&or) fays,
that fc he was not any whrt at all alfyed *6 (though in-
timately acquainted with) Thomas Lord Cromwell
3 '(the
ILLUSTRATION! jtS
« (the Mm** *of Moifcrteries) Whidh,' coctmu* Ihv *f
' kadtoiiigtj *0imt, djangh the contrary be geftenty
* believed*' ..'.;, w*
€ tor when Doflor Goodmarj, late jBUjiop of Cilou-
' cefter, prefented a printed paper *. to* Oliver Cromwell
€ (Grandchild. tQ this ftierifF) mentioning therein his
c near affinity to the faid Lofcl Cromwell; the pretended
' Protedtour, ^efirous of confuting a vulgar Errour, in
* fome pa&on returned, 7fof Lord was not related to
* my Family in the leaft degree/
This is only an hearfay report, which is more likely
to be falfe than true ; but fuppofing it for a moment to
be true, is it impoffible that Cromwell might fay it to
get quit of a man of do£tar Goodwin's character, who
(from his great penetration) he muft kriow and defpHe
as a fawning hypocrite, and deteft as fuch \ .
When we reftaft: ^aft prooft have rfready been
bought to ftfe^the fdation&ip beWefeh *the two fanl*
* Dodor Goodwin, with the printed paper, prefented the protestor a
*o»k, the tiHe^of whtoh waa» The two great nyfteries of the chr$iaft
wligion, the ineffable Trinity and wonderful incarnation, printed in 1653.
f What an ideamoft we hare of doctor Goodwin, who, although he
Wf worn allegiance tolling Charles I. |>aill his abjeftxourt toOliierthe
fmeaor; and afterward!, When he thought the hiarcty would never he
Koored in £pg)aad, an4 he could hope to file no higher, profcned him-
fclf a room catholic,
lies
St* **ft OOF'S AND
Jfcs c# Williams, alias Oomweil, and Oomwell, it h
tlmoft iteedleft to add any thing kl refutation of what
Fuller has here faid ; however, I (hall remark, that the
proteftor coijld not ferioufly make fuch a fpeech j when
he was in poffeffion of a pedigree of his family, which
not only mentioned an alliance between it and the Put*
ney Cromwells, but is Very exa& in ftating the particu-
lar degree of kindred between tnem> and which, from
fir Richard Williams, alias Cromwell, taking his name
from the Pudfey Cromwells, muft be well known to
every one of his relations and particular intimates.
Indeed, fo far was the proteftor from denying the
relationlhip between the two families, that he, by im-
plication in the jnoft public manner, acknowledged it,
by rcquefting, upon the death of the paflement general,
to be created earl of Effex and vicar general, the very
titles and place that Thomas Cromwell, earl of Effex,
enjoyed ; and- which had a compromife between king
Charles I, and the parlement army taken effed, he pro-
bably would have had.
lam not ignorant that fome have thought that Oliver
wifhed to have had the title of earl of Effex, as his wife
was fuppofed to be defcended from the Bourchiers, who
anciently bore that title 5 but this, as I have {hewn clfe-
where, is entirely without foundation ; for the protcc-
trefs,
I LrL<U S X * A is *]0r» i J m
..... *"!'< JiMjjllJ III II "I J tWi|..'fl 1J'-1 -,
LETTER E. '
OftbiormmalUmings *f tit WU&wu, atiis Cwmwitt,
buk mjadpture and pmrtttd gitfizakvipidiinhwU-
Hmf**n$ar HmtiwgJm; firmaJj^ ztfcUnc* tfjhat
T TPON two ancient bojfr.winiiofs atJ^inghi^brpQk|C-
^ Hpufe, arc fevcralfbields of arms, ^nd other de-
vices : upop the, center q£ the front of one of them is the
rayal&rjnsaf fifty* qp/i England quarterly v crowned,
wlhpfonoi ^>y twp a»gel$. Qff &e fides, toward*
(he boppm* are E. $.. the initials of Edward yj/s name
wd title, in whofe rejgp this molt ancient part of th*
houfc was finifhed : on one of die fides of the large
flueld of die royal arms is a portcullis crowned, the cog-*
Wawuu* of the houfepf Beaufort t, from ^fhom the Tu-
* Vide life of the lidy protefyefs Elizabeth Cromwell, part II. fee*
tionli.' ' ' ' '
t The Beavforts were defcended from John of Gaont, third fon of
Kng Edward, III: by Catherine Swinford, his concubtste, whom he a&
KnmAt jnamed, anf £e chorea were legitimized.
don
^fthfc«lb*i**i>*M -tit mmw$foJiu0um.tf
Ireland:1 and upon the compartments 4to.Jilte«l&ta-*f
this bow window are the arms, No. i> and 2, part I.
and two&ther UlteRfe? vtMOt byleuglhufuiUL have loft
their bearings.
,\Waa* btttv «JHMi^VteW^^Miw-hi>in «*.$bA* a
14^lu&4ftfo*»rdW ft** wfciUi.i&e «*nj* faUBer
4*&} <*L4b& «e, &ir fe *Wlwi» tf Aft jfaft* of
Normandy, crowae** aAdxwt tfcuo4tafcfito is *ii*Aced
Ihield ; and upon the ends of this bow window are No.
•f'-itt&% aitS V'kftW 6, anfoto&fe flf fltefcfcmfet pi*.
^lefe^n^rttf atrfiwely otttamentfed Wfth'!b«veagTes,
f>brtCitHis>, tfcfcs, aha <tear *«s%-(8att#*BlAWit u» the
&me maimer ii* tijbh die diapi* b«fflt* ly 41% ***«*f
VlL ^joining ^ WdhninffiH^Ab*fey t fe»flfr*elbfc-
tttA <rf the fton6, fertd fte grWleftgtfc <tf: time:ft** it
**s buffi^ it * going Very Faft.tfrd&cayy and W a few
$*** pwbabfy fee Whole df the J&ul^ewfllte'grtie.
- Ga the femfcitcuJar boW <itfifcd&W,*bi anotlrtr t*ft of
HinchinbrookeHoufe, and which is prodigioufiy large,
is under the window, the royal arms of' Tudor, crowned
with the fupporters of that houfe, via. a lion and a
jbragai?, round the arms, in a garter, with ^ motto of d*
order, and under the ihield Difiu it *•* »*«tj
under
ILXBATJIAiPXJOKS. g*
under the imperial arms of England is a flueld of amis,
belonging to thehbuferof WStaiisj alias Cromwell,
witb the da*e «hejt\l*uiU' above^ aoid^. ^ttp <)f tfr#
family beneath, vide.part IfcNcfe J^and on the fides of
this large fhield are No. 2 and 3.
Above the ardie*, fcrtd betwctelffe^veit pflhfr* t^t
Tupport &isb6w window, ire the &iel8s; jftate HI: there
are three of'thea* bvfer each ardV, aiid'gehdritty acreft
ift the iMdtiie; & all rife above 2ife fefi£rtfvert uponftohei
1 have not' giveh any col6rs/ htecauTe the ootew tit
feme are unknAwn, *hd thctfe K^^r^brt'be ftj^
plfedfh)m'pait,fV:J " ' ; - ': r:- V ** •'•:"•• ^'-^
taitewitifllbwW^ laft-nreW
tfeneSare'twblhletds of tanfy'flbi' rand- ii partlVi*
pamteU or ftalnei hrthc ghtfe* ihey are hbth embfezonedi*
and "Hof r, hasthe dextfcr fide era£8y4fter tfo. ** trhidfr
in part fe onfitteti,' as brfly st repe^riort'wkhiitfc amy iri^
fortfc^h: Wd.^fethe ftrmstf fo Btaiy<2*arti wdf?
fafrMtofe tfcbfc^f M* wife, wi^ *«^^|>i^toK*<)f the^
Tjrfete^^D^&ttwIyofGorHwrit We. t,arethofe
•* %Oliver (^m^l^hfe e*h^ (^ atidJfei^i inpaliftg^
•* *rtfcfc. Tl^iptKfcm ft* wSdh theft arms, arc* » Ae
^ Hgjh* in- the- iftagaificent dinittgnroom, where ma*
J^l^tKWkftTet^iitew regafc<f?r0
pt :. PJLO:OJP:5 AJfD ;
„ ", , . li».TTE»: RO
&# !f * &tf*r from colonel Jtbn CrtmrtvAlto the Utd-
'* - -' * gin&dl QremwcU.
My Lord,
CINCE my wriyall *n thcfc pats, J have binn with
^ the lord's commUEqners of the chancerie, to whpme
I have freed myfejfe pf thcfc afperfip,^ which were
falfelie caft upon me, ;ind they well fatfefied in all thinga
that (hey could expe#i my humble fuit^is npw, that
your lordfhip would, be .pleafed to putt them in minde
to give a quick difpatch to this my tedious fuitc in law,
which unleffe you are pleafed to forward their delay with
three or four linea directed to them, and inclofed to me
to deliver to them, I nude be feene to ftarve in expe&a-
tion ; for fince the decree paft in court, whereby that
cleeres that the eftate of right belongs to me, yet pofief-
fion was, nor is, not to be given until! the accounts are
nwide upp, which as divers believe maiobe verie tedious,
they haycingc procured another conamHEon to exaoune
new witneffes, though notwithftandinge the decree paft,
and with all my wave's greate favours from your frmHkf
makes her give out ftrange languages, that Ae hopes to
have the difpofall of the eftate at hir owne pkafur* ; but
I hope of better favours and juftice, haveing fpentaverie
competent dfcfcte, and emploied your lordfhipp's auc-
tions
ILLUSTRATION S. 3i9
tions in the recoverie of an eftate foe infinitelie defparate. '
I {hall net trouble you with anie complaints of a vicious
wife* but in (hoit let you know, I am moft unhappie if
ever (he or biv fordid council prevail^ whereby (if hot
timelie prevented) they maie tfavtfe both our ruines by
(hiddteing to a£k di(hortorable things for Ine, and im*
provident for hir ; I (hall, arme myfelfe irith patience;
cravinge your favorable affiftance in theis my troubles,
hopeinge you will not fuffer me to goe unworthilie or
ftained to my grave* and gull'd by a woman. I am ti-
merous, I have intrenched on your patience, wherefore
I (hall defire to take leave for the prefent, iiot forgettinge
my prayers for your health and happtnes, foe long as I
am able to fubferibe myfelfe,
London, Tour faithfull kinfman, and
This ift of Jan. 1650. Moft humble fervant,
J. CROMWELL,.
For lis Excellencie the Dwd General!
Cromwell, theis prefeat.
From the original letters, &e. addreffed to Oliver
Cromwell, concerning the affairs of Great-Britain, from
1649 to 1658* found among the political colle&iofis of
*e poet Milton, publifhed by John Nkkoll, jun. F. A. S.
London, printed in X748 Lond. fo.
LETTER
y£ PIOQFS ASP
lETTiR .Q.
THE feene in .the comedy' of lingua, or the combat
of the tongue and the five fenfes fop the fupftrioii*
ty*j which' is &id to have* fo much a&&«4 Ofarer
Orom-^ell when he was-a boy, and played the part of
Ta£hisv was this.
, Act 1% Sjcf^u jv*.
. .. Me%dach. TtoftHs,
tfatd. Nov ebaftt Diana, grant my ne$$ may J^old-
7i#. The bkfting childhood pf ihe cheerful mora,
. bjtop&growoayotth, 4rid<avfi!c.lirob# • .
Yonder gilt Eaftern hills,, »fott£,w&cft ftkte», ..
* Guftus moft earneftly importuned me
To meet him hereabouts; what courfe I know not.
Mend. You' (halt do fliortly to your coft, I hope.
Tcftl. Sure by the fun it Ihould be nine o'clock !
Mend. What a ftar-gj^ex ! y$ , jQir^e^r kffc flwm?
TiS. Clear as the fun, andJtawft^ ikiqamnts ;
Methinks the heavens do fmile.
* The comity *f &O0>f W« s,pf ift*ed V * $P7i W* ?n ** * f »J*f ft**
faid to have been firfl a#ed at Trinity college, Cambridge, and afterwardl
•ffhefrec grammar txhool in Huntingdon. The plait *f the pla>y *«i
lbatJUpgva,gnrc?s ,a(cn^f n ^Hfifc to be *pM>ft*6 /or Iqr *hr &1**
— Winftanley is miftakea in fapoqfing fitter tflfha.Te.a&ed tltf n*rt°f
Taltas at Cambridge, which it contrary to the teftimony of til other
Mend*
iLtVSTR ATiONS. *t
Mind. At thy miftpp,
To look fo high, and {tumble in a tftp*
(TaSus jiumkling at the robe and trown. )
Taff. High thoughts have flippery feet > I had well
nigh fallen.
Mend. Well doth he fall, who rifeth with a fall.
Tafi. What's this?
Mend. Oh ! are you taken ? 'tis in vain to ftrive. *
Tag. How now!
Mmd. You'll be fo entangled ftrgight—
Tad. A crown !
Utnd. That it will be hari—
ToEL And a robe I
Mend. To lofe ywrfelf.
Taft. A crown and robe !
Mendi It had been letter for you to have found 4 fool's
coat, and a bauble \ bey, hey.
TaH. Jupiter ! Jupiter ! how came this here ?
fond. ' Oh fir, Jupiter is making thunder, he hears you
not; here's one knows better.
TaH. 'Tja wond'r ous rich : ha ! but Aire it is not fo : ho !
Do I not fleep, and dream of this good luck i ha F
No, I am awake and feel it now.
Whdfcihoulditbe?
(He takes it up.)
Mmd. Setupa/^forit.
Vol I.' Y T*t*.
32i PROOFS AND
TaS. Mercury, all's mine own * here's none to cry,
half s mine.
Mend. When I am gone.
«
Scene VI. A Soliloquy.
Taff. Ta&us thy freezing fomewhat did portend,
Was ever man fo fortunate as I ?
To break his fhins at fach a ftumbling block
Rofes and bays back hence : this crown and r$ie9
My brows and body circles and invefts,
How gallantly it fits me, fure the flave
Meafured my bead that wrought this coronet,
They lie who fay that complexions cannot change.
My blood's enobled, and I am transform'd
Unto the /acred temper of a KING.
Methinks I hear my noble parafites
Styling me Caefar, or great Alexander,
Licking mf feet^ and wondering; where I got
This precious ointment, how iny pace is mended,
How princely do I fpeak, how fharp I threaten ;
Peafants, I'll curb your headftrong impudence,
And make you tremble when the Hon roars ;
Yea, earth bred worms : O for a looking-glafs !
Poets will write whole volumes of this change f
Where's my attendants ? Come hither, firrah> quickly
Or by the wings of Hermes—.
Doftor
IL1USTRATIONS. 523
Dodor Beard, that was Oliver's fchoolmafter, when
be afted this play, was himfelf a writer of plays; he is
author of ' Pedantius, Comadia, olim Cantab, a&a,
in Coll: Trin. nunquam ante hac Typis Eviilgata,'
Londini 1631, i2mo. It is fdmewhat extraordinary,
that a writer of coqpedy fhould be a puritan ; yet fo it
was, for he was, in part, author of die Theatre of God's
Judgments, in the frontifpiece of which is a neat whole
length print of him, with two fcholars ftanding behind
him, a rod in his hand, and as in prof/enti proceeding
from his mouth ; there is the date of his death, and
fome particulars of his family in Peck's difiederata cu-
riofe. Nothing but the mutual pride of the do&dr and
his pupil Oliver, with fome remembrance of the fmart
of the rod the former took fo much pleafure in ufing,
occafioned, we may fuppofe, the diflike the one had to
Ae other, when Oliver. grew up, as in religious fentN
ments there appears no great difference.
Y* LETTER
3*t PROOFS AND
LETTER H.
Mr. Oliver Cromwell, afterwards lord protector of Eng-
land, his admijfibn in Sidney college, Cambridge, 23
Jpr. 16 1 6, with a copy of the remarkable character of
the faid gent kmany added afterwards (by fome unknown
hand) under his name in the college regijier^ given in
Peck's dijfederata curiofa, number XXI. and communi-
cated by doctor William Warren.
E. Regiftro Coll. Syd. Suit Cant
Apr. 23* f~\LIVERUS Cromwell Huntingdonienfij
1616 ^^^ admiffus at Commentum Sociorum
j 4 J. L Aprilis vicefimo tertio, 1616, Tutorc
Mr°. Ricardo Howlet.
(Between this entry and the next is crowded, in, in a
fmaller hand or letter, the underwritten charafter)
Hie fujt grandis ille Iropoftor, Carnifex perditiffimus,
qui, pientiffimo Rege Carolol0. nefaria Coede fublato,
ipfum ufurpavit Thronum & tria Regna, per quinq.
ferine Armorum Spatium, fub Prote&oris Nomine jn-
domita Tyrannide vexavit.
LETTER
j
*
ILLUSTRATIONS.^ j*$
LETTER!.
TxOCTOR Main waring certainly was- highly
^ blameable, as was the king for flickering him ;
the ftating the matter will exculpate Cromwell refpe&-
ing this bufinefs, winch was briefly thus :
Thetbftor, in a fermon he had preached, recom-
mending the fubje<a to give chearfully to the loan, ufed'
thefe improper pafikges, . which were fubverfive of all
liberty and property, that the king }s not bound to ob-
fervethe laws of the realm concerning fubjeas right*
and liberties, but that bis royal will and command in
impofing loans and taxes without common confent in
parlement, doth oblige the fubjeft's confidence, upoa
pain of eternal damnation, that thofe who refufe to pay
the loan, offended againft the laws of God, and the
king's fupreme authority, and became guilty of difloy-
alty and rebellion % and that the authority of parlement
is not neceffary for the railing of aids and fubfidies \ and
that the flow proceedings of fuch great affemblies were
not fitted for the fupply of the ftate's urgent neceffities,
but would rather produce fundry impediments to the
juft defigns of the princes/
Y3
It
326 PROOFS AND
It is not to be wondered at, that the vengeance of
men ftruggling for lij>erty fhould fall upon the author
of fuch language ; mr. Rous and mr. Pym undertook to
bring him to punifhment, the former in the houfe of
Commons, the latter before the lords ; but no fatisfa&ion
being had, the fpeaker of the commons demanded judg-
ment of the lords againft the doStor9 notwithftanding his
tears, which he faid was by no means fatisfa£tory, and
therefore defired he might be imprifoned during the
pleafure of the commons, fined ioool. to the king, ob-
liged to make a fubmiflion in writing, as dictated by the
committee, both at the bar, and in the houfe of com-
mons 5 that he be fufpended for three years, and preach-
ing minifters employed at his eipence, to ferve his be-
nefices; that his fufpenfion fhould be by ecclefiaftical
jurifdi&ion, to be difabled from any further church dig-
nity or fecular office, and alfo to be difabled from preach-
ing at court ; that as the book deferved to be burnt,
the lords were requefted to move his majefty to fet forth
a proclamation to call in the (aid books, that they might
be all committed to the flames, in London, and at the
univerfities, and that the printing of them feould be in-
hibited upon a great penalty.
Do&or Mainwaring, in conformity to the defire of
the commons and judgment of the peers, made a public
* fub-
ILLUSTRATIONS, 317
fubmiflion, in which, amongft other things, heconfeffed
that in the three fermons complained of were dangerous
paflages, inferences, and fcandalous afperfions, in aloft
parts of them.
Notyithflanding all this, his majefty a&ed fo unad-
visedly (probably by the inftigation of archbifhop Laud,
who, the venerable abbot, his predeceflbr fays, led the
king on to all his arbitrary a&ions) that he granted him
a full pardon, upon his own application, for all errors
committed by him, either in fpeaking, writing, or print-
ing, and for which he might be hereafter queftioned 5
and in defiance of both houfes, prefented him Jo the rec-
tory* of Stamford-Rivers, in Eflex, a difpenfetion pafling
to impower him to hold that with St. Giles in the Fields.
Was it then any wonder that the committee of reli-
gion fhould be highly difpleafed, or rather incenfed at x
fuch a condu£t ; and that they fhould report this trans-
action to the houfe ; and that mr. Oliver Cromwell, as
one of this committee*, fhould alfo inform the houfe,
1 what countenance the bifhop of Winchefter did give
1 to fome perfons that preached flat popery, and men-
' tioned the perfons by name, and how by this bifhop's
* Mr. Oliver Cromwell wis, in 1640, one of the committee of reli-
gion, tad alfo for preaching minifters, which wu a fub-commiuee to
*« former.
Y 4 * means
3*8 PROOFS AND
« means Mainwarlng( who by ccxifureofthelaftparlement
* was difabled for ever holding any ecclefiaftical dignity
* in the church, and confeffed the juftice of thatcenfure}
« is, neverthelefs, preferred to a rich living* If thefe,'
added be, * are the fteps to church preferment, what
< may we expe£.' No doubt, he was ttiore difpleafed
with his lordfliip of Winchefter, as he got the king's
hand to mr. Mainwaring's pardon.
LETTER K.
rpHE following will fufficiently evince that many
"*■ thought, or affe&ed to think, that the prote&or
had been concerned in the brewing bufinefs :
A fong ftyled c The Protecting Brewer*, given bjr
do&or Piercy, in his colledion of * Loyal Songs*
A Brewer may be a Burgefs grave,
Anci carry the Matter fo fine and fo brave,
That he the better may play the Knave, y
Which nobody can deny.
A Brewer m*y be a Parlkment-man,
For there the Knavery firft began,
And Birew nrtft cunning Plots toe can,
Which nobody can den jr.
A Brewer
ILLUSTRATIONS. p,
A Brewer may plit on a Nabal Face,
And march to the Wars with fuch a grace*
That he may get a Captain's Place, •
Which nobody can deny,
A Brewer may fpeak fo wondrous wd?, ;
That he may raife (ftrange things to tell)
And fo be made a Colonel,
Which nobody can deny.
A Brewer may make his Foes to flee,
And raife his Fortunes fo thai} he
lieutenant-General may be,
x Which nobody can deny.
A Brewer may be all in all, .
And raife his Powers both great and fmall,
That he may be a Lord General,
Which nobody can deny.
A Brewer may be like a Fox in a Cub,
And teach a Le&ure out of a Tub,
And give the wicked World a Rub,
Which nobody can deny.
«
A Brewer by's his Excife and Rate,
Will promife his army he knows what,
And fet upon the College-Gate,
Which nobody can deny,
Metbinks
39b PROOFS AND
Mcthinks I hear one fay to me,
Pray why may not a Brewer be,
Lord Chancellor o'th'Univerfity,
, Which nobody can deny-
A Brewer may be as bold as He&or^
When as he had drank his cup of Ne&ar ;
And a Brewer may be a Lord Prote&or, •
Which nobody can deny-
Now here remains the ftrangeft thing,
How this Brewer about his liquor did bring,
To be an Emperor or a King,
Which nobody can deny.
A Brewer may do what he will,
And rob the Church and State, to fell
His Soul unto the Devil in Hell, .
Which nobody can deny*.
In the fong of the fale of religious houfhold ftuffi
given by the fame gentleman, are thefe two lines :
And hereare old Noll's brewing veffels,
And here are his Dray and his Slings.
* Doctor Piercy has given another fong, in which 01i?er is faid to
have been a brewer, but it has none of the requifites which the above
fong has to recommend it ; this is really a journal of his life.
Mr.
ILLUSTRATIONS. 351
Mr< Walker, who paid fo dear for writing his fend- *
merits in the hiftory of independence, after prophefying
that Cromwell (then lieutenant-general, to Fairfax)
would aflame the fiipreme fway, fays, then let all true
faints and fubje&s cry out with me, « God fave king
4 Oliver and his brewing veffels,' and in another place
fpeaking of Harry Parker, who he calls Obfervator, he
fays that he 'is returned from Hamborough, and 'that
• he is highly preferred to be a brewer's clerk (alias fe-
* cretary to Cromwell ) .'
Worm, in Cowley's cutter of Colman-ftreet, has a
reference to Cromwell, when fpeaking in derifion of
Cutter's learning, he afks him « What' parts haft thou i
' haft thou fchollarlhip enough to make a brewer's
'clerk*.'
I could get no information at Huntingdon, refpe&ing
this matter, whether the prote£tar ever was a brewer
or not; the inhabitants are very ignorant of what re-
lates to their extraordinary townfman, and his family,
owing, probably, to their diflike to his chara&er. I
might, perhaps, have feafot much from the curious col-
* The report of Oliver's having been t brewer, is the reafon, probably,
that king Charles II. in his Commiffion to any who woild kill him, calls
bias a * mecanic fellow/ it ia dated may 3, .1654; it is at full length
ia Tharloe'a ftate paper !•
ledions
3)fc PROOFS AND
le&ions of the late mr. Farror, of that place, refpeSing
the hiftory of that town and county, in which no doubt
was often mention made of the Cromwells, but unfortu-
nately all the papers of that gentleman are 16ft.
tETTER L.
"FROM what follows, we may conclude mr. OhVer
Cromwell (afterwards prote&or) was not upon
gpod terms with the eftablifhed clergy at St. Ives.
The reverend Henry Downett was vicar of St. Ives,
at the time Oliver refided there; this unfortunate divine
was taken, into the cuftody of the ferjeant of arms, for
refilling to admit a factious ledlurer at St. Ives, from
which he was fequeftered in 1642 ; and the rev. mr.
Reynolds, his curate at that place, was filenced : as mu
Cropiwell was then one of the committee of religion,
and muft perfonally know both thefe gentlemen, it can-
not be fuppofed but that he would have laved, had he
not difliked them.
It is not impoffible, but that he might be the caufe of
their misfortune, by procuring complaints againft thefe
twt
ILL USTRATIONS. 333
two orthodox and loyal divines *; I am the more apt to
believe this to be ^hccafe, as Cromwell feems to have
Jiarbonred revenge againft fuch as had difplejafed himf
and taken it when he became pofieffed of the means 3
for in 1 641, he (with Air. Valentine Wanton, his rela*
tion) informed againft a gentleman of Huntingdonshire,
to the parlement, only for words whkh were pretended
to be fpoken by him of high and dangerous confe-
quence, for which tlie poor gentleman fuffered many
hanHhipsf.
It is fomewhat to be wondered at, that we fliould not
find complaints from archbifhop Laud in his vifitations ;
of the puritanifm of the county of Huntingdon, but not
a word drops from the primate reipe&tng it, except a
kdureflrip in the town of Huntingdon, which he defires
the Jring may be difallowed, becaufe the lefiurer was re-
movable by lay perfons, to which his majefty aflbnts;
this was in 1633 t > an<* ** was ^s k&uroflMp> I Should
fuppofe, tha.t Cromwell was fo anxious to prevent the abo-
lition of, or rather wifhed its reftoration, as appears by a
* Mr. Downctt was alfo feqteftered from his other reftory of Toft,
la Cambridgefhire, in 1643, or 1644. Io 1650, one Welftead fucceeded *
to St. Ives. Mr. Pownett died before the reftoration. Walker's fuff.
of the Clergy, and Peck's Defid. Curiofa.
f Journals of the fcoufe of Commons.
I Heylin's life of archbifhop Laud ; th'efe annual vifitations come
tow* to near the commencement of the civil wars.
letter
$34 PROOFS AND
letter of his to mr. Storie, his friend (the founder of the
ledurefhtp) requefting his continuance of the payment
pf the money he had ufed to allow, • and which was di£
continued (probably by order of his majefty) : in this
letter he is warm in the praife both 6f mr. Storie and
do&or Welles, the former kdurerj it is dated St.
Ives, January n, 1655 *.
From the nonconfbrmift'3 memorial, it appears that
mr. John Pointer, of Brazen-Nofe college, was le&urer
of Huntingdon; he was prefented by the mercer's com-
pany in London; though be had eleven competitors;
be preached every market day to the country people,
and gratis every funday in the great church in that
town. And feme years afterwards, when the neighbour-
ing minifters fupplkd the le&urefiup, he preached twice
every funday in die church, until the civil war drove
him to London, when the prote&or Oliver gave him
the canonry of Chrift-Cfrurch, \n Oxford. Upon do&or
French's death, rje told him, he hoped he would take as
much pains in the univerfity as be had done at Hunting*
don : he^died January 2, 1683, in his eighty^fourth, or
eighty-fifth year.
* The above-mentioned letter is in the britilh uDfeum, and traafcribed
by mr. Harris, in his life of the proteAor Oliver : it is very curious, but
was too long to give here, it is a convincing proof how far gone Oliver
was at that time in religious cnthufiafm.
LETTER
ILLUSTRATION Si 355
LETTER E. :
A S a proof that mr. Oliver Cromwell (afterwards pro-
^^ teftor) was a&ive m pari& affairs, take the two fol-
lowing items, from a book kept at St. Ives, for register-
ing parifh officers, expenditure of monies, &c.
The xxijth day of Aprill, an0 Dom. 1633/
Memoranda that (the day and year above-writ-
ten) we the inhabitants of the towne of St. Ives cum
Slepa, in the county of Huntingdon (together w* mr.
Bell curate thereof) whofe names are here underwritten,
doe noihinate and appointe and cleft mr. Thomas. Filby
and John Ibbit for the ftreet, and Thoma* Larke for
the greene.
Moreover we nominate and eled Robert Pitts, and
Richard Perret, and Thomas Simnell, overfeers of the
high waies for the ftreet of the towne aforefaide, and
John Beale for the fleap.
Edward Bell, curate at
ibidem.
Oliver
K* PROOFS AND
Oliver Cromwell writes Francis Wood,
his name here, but Thomas Carter,
cut out, fuppofed by Jphn Parnell.
John Bentley, in Robert Ingram.
1 73«» be then church- Thomas Timbs. .
warden* Robert R. Pitted .
No thinks for it. William Mwiitfc
* — r- — ~— Francis Dorington*
Henry Perry* John Binkman.
^Robert CordelJ. Jamps Bayley.
Bennet Mefen.
The 7th of Aprill, anno Dora. 1 634.
MemoRando, the daye & yeare above righten,
we the inhabbin of St. Ives, cum Sleape, in the county
of Huntington, together w4 Mr. JDownett, vicare
theire, whole names are herein under righten, doe no-
minate and appoint and eled Seackinge Boyden for the
greene, William Merrett, & William Parnel for the
ftrcete.
Moreover, we nominat and jele£e John Johnfon,
William Chadbourne, for the ftreet, & Thomas Field I
& Danell Golde, overfeers for the heigwayes for the
towne of St, Ives cume Sleape.
Oliver Cromwell.
Henry Perry.
Willi
ILLUSTRATIONS. j3y
Will*. Scarle; Thomas Carters,
Robert Cot dells. John Abbot.
John Filbey. Robert Ingrairii
Thomas Coolfton* , John Fleming*
Frarieis Wood.
LETTER N>
JT1HE prote&or Oliver* when he went from &tl
■*• Ires, left feveral things behind him that have
made his refidence there well known*
The hou(e where he refided at St. Ives is not now
(landing ; mr. Atkins, an attorney, lives in a handfome
rebuilt upon thfc fbite of the old Ohe\ it Hands juft
Without the town. In this houfe is a pi&ure, which is
aid to be of Oliver the prote&or* but there is more
>robability of its being fir Oliver Cromwell (I mean
he oldeft perfon rejJirefeiited in thefpiece) for there are
wo figures* the one exhibits a corpulent perfott, about
ixty years of age, his beard and whiflcers are quitd
/hite, he has on a Cldfe black drefs* and cjuite plain
t the wrifts, a ring upon one of his fingers, and a bro§^
tiling tend \ the Other figure represents a young mitix
Vols h Z no
W HOOFS AND
no doubt, the fon of the other ; he has his hand upon
his father's, and is given with a fmall beard and wlfkers,
and his drefs more gay.
In the town are difperfed a great number of fwords,
which have the initials of Oliver the nephew's name
ljpon them ; thefe, probably, are part of thofe he fent
down in 1642, for which the houfe of commons voted
him iool.
It muft not be forgot, that a large barn, which Oli-
ver built, ftrll goes by the name of Cromwell's barn ;
and the farmer who now rents the eftate he occupii
marks his fljfpp with the identical marking irons which
Oliver ufed, and which have O. C. upon them.
LETTER O.
fT\HE manner in which the prote£tor Oliver Is hid to
-*■ have got a feat in the long parlemenk was this :
The city of Cambridge very much oppofed du
draining the fens in the marfhy counties, and confe
quontly, as Oliver had defeated it by his vigilant*
Ilr'LU STRATI ON S, 339
he was become very popular in that place, efpecially
as the townfinen were difaffefted to the government,
and many of them carried away with the new opinions
refpe&ing religion j a tradefman, a townfman of this
dafs, named Richard Tims, who went moft fundays, for
the fake of pure do&rine, to the ifle of Ely, and hear-
ing Oliver's long tedious preachings, they intirely capti-
vated his hearts.
This qian, (ays my author, hearing that a parlement
was to be called*, and* being himfelf one of the. common-
council, took it into his head, that none would be
more fit than his friend Cromwell for one of their bur-
geffes, 4 and with this notion he went to mr, Wildbpre,
4 a draper, alfo of Cambridge, a relation of Cromwell's,
' who gave his affent, but faid it was impracticable, as
'he was. not a freeman ;. Tims, not fatisfied, went to
1 mr. Evetts, .a tallow-chandler, whowas alfo a puritan,
* but he lamented that it was impoffible > no foonejr,
' however, had he quitted the houfe, than he called
lhim back, and whifpered him, that the mayor had.a
1 freedom to beftow, and that one Kitchingman, an
1 attorney, who had married his wife's fitter, and was
c of their party, had a great influence over him; he
( therefore advifed him to move mr. Kitchingman in it,
'who Was, to ufe his intercft witlv the fliayor, under
Z 2 * color
§4fi PROOFSAND
color that mr. Cromwell was a gentleman of fortum
and had a mind to come and live in the town, then bt
in a poor condition, but with a ftrift charge to hid
the true defign, alderman French,' who was mayor
being a; declared royaliff. When they came to mak<
thip application to him, mr. Frettch faid he was forry
but that in reality they came too late, for he kt
promifed his freedom to the king's fifherman ; mi
Kitchingman fcafily removed this obje&ion, by un-
dertaking that the towfr Ihould confer a freedom
upon the perfon mentioned, and fo at the next court-
day, the mayor declared his intention to beftow bis
freedom upon a very worthy gentleman of the ifle of
Ely, one mr. Cromwell, who being apprized of hisi
friend's induihy, came to town over- night, and tooki
up his lodgings at mr. Almond's, a grocer* ; thitherl
the mace was fent him, and he came into court, drefftd!
in fcarlet, richly laced with gold ; and having pro-
vided a pretty parcel of ftrong 'claret and fweetmeats,!
and they were fo well circulated amongft the corpora-l
tion, that they unanimoufty declared mr. mayor's free-l
man was a very civil gentleman*
* Sir William Dugdalt, in his Aon view of the troubles/ preteod
that Cromwell refided, Come time before the long-parleneflt net, J
mean lodgings in Cambridge j hat it may be qeeftiolied, whether I
ever refided at that place after he left the onhrexfity ; if, however, a
did, it was probably after his ek&um Co ferre for that place.
•whd
ILLUSTRATIONS. Hi
•c When the eleftfon came on, the mayor difcoyered
c his miftake, but it was then too late, the party amongft
* *he burgefles were jnow ftrong enough to clbfe him*.'
By fo artful ^ ftratagem as this, did Oliver, it is fup-
pofed, obtain a feat in the houfe of commons; but
though this tranfa&ion is told with an air of precifion,
and is very circumftantial, as whatever elfe this author
has delivered is, yet, it is not the more likely to be true-
there feems no more in it than this — that Tims was very
inftrumentalin getting Cromwell properly recommended,
and that French, then the mayor, alfo efpoufed Ms eaufe;
for which both of them were brouglit: into trouble at
tbe reftoration f» For can it be fuppofed poffible, but that
Cromwell fhould not be well known to the corporation,
When he had obtained tbe favor of Cambridge, by prevent-
ing the draining of the Fens, and ftilj more fo, as he was
returned a member for that city in the preceding parie-
* 3iographia Britanuica, taken from Heath's Flagellum. I halt
copied the former, as it is far better and more decently written, though
not fo exaft in the particnlars; as thatftieh a one had his working drcfr
od, and that another was at fop per, &£.
f Richard Jimms, or TymbeSj alderman of Cambridge, reprefented
that town in the parlements held in 1654 and 1656, he was difplaced
from his aldermanihip by the comxniffioners of the aft of corporation!,
for not abjariag the covenant % French, who was then (1663) akb mayor,
was mo.c complying, but the (hare he had taken in getting Cromwell
tle&ed was fnfficient to deprive him of his office, though he freely foie-
fw»re the covenant ; the loft of the mayoralty was greater than he cooM
fopport, a$ he died in three days after, if Heath U to be credited.
Z3 mentj
34* PROOFS AND
ment; befides, French the mayor, probably had not fo
great a diflike to Oliver, or his principles, as is pretended,
for he was a covenanter during the ufurpiation, as Heath
himfelf allows j and it is not impoffible but he might be
a relation to dr. French, who married Oliver's filler.
LE TT ER P.
TT has been generally reprefented that the prote&or
Oliver w^sinfol vent when he was returned a member
to fervein the long-parlement, and that he was ever be-
fore then of an expcnfive extravagant turn, of mind-
There can be no doubt but that when he was at Cam-
bridge and London, and forae little time after his return
to Huntingdon, he indulged himfelf in living in a very
extravagant and idle expenii ve way, but as he married
a lady of adequate circmnftances to himfelf, almoft as
foon as he was of age, it could not have been long, nor
could he have much injured his fortunes, for if he had,
jir Jafties Bourchier, would never have given him bis
daughter ; it is certain that he fettled upon mrs, Crom-
well part of his inheritance his father bequeathed him.
After his marriage, it is pretended by fopie that he lived
in a very extravagant manner, and cohfumed die whole
of
ILLUSTRATIONS. 345.
of what his father left him 5 perhaps he was hot a rigid
ceconomift, but there is no proof that he had fpent the
whole of his property vwhen his uncle left him his eftate %
probably if he had, he never would have bad it: his
large family, the good educations he gave his children* hi*
fetting up as the leader of a party, his patronising the
difaflUled clergy, and the ill fuccefs of his fanning, if
not .brewing fchemes, no doubt leffened rather tha» en-
creafed his fortune*
The current tefttxnony of almoftall is, that he retired
to St. Ives with a broken fortune 5 having diffipated the
greateft part «of what his trade Stewart liad bequeathed
him* and that from. his ill: fuccefs in the forming bufir
nefs he entirely exhsiufted the fxnall remains of his pro*
petty*
To lay any ftreft upon the teftimony of thofe who
have written panegyrkks upon Oliver, isas improper as to
[ implicitly believe thofe. wba have written exprefsly to
blacken his character} therefore, not to notice what
Milton and others have faid refpe&ing hi? conftant fru-
gality, I {hall only mention that Harris is of opiriion that
fo far from leffening his patrimony after his reformation,
that he was careful to improve, and really inpreafed his
fortunes. I have great reafons to think that Oliver
never was in the leaft diftrefs after he came of age, and
Z 4 more
544 F I tO O F S • ' A N D
more fo, that he was not at the time he was returned
member for Cambridge i for he could never be fb mad,
fo enthufiaftical, as to give fo many fums, and thofe con*
fiderahle, for the good of the caufe he efpoufed, had he
3t thai time differed ; want would he, can any fenfible,
any reafonable perfon fuppofe, have given five hundred
pounds towards railing a force to fubdue the rebellion
in Ireland * ? would he have purchafed arms to have fent
dowji into (lis own county, and given one hundred
pounds towards finding the earl of Manchefter waggons,
when that general was going to* attack, the king : thefe
fuihs were given at the commencement of the civil wap,
before, he could have received any emolument from his
poft (then inconfider ablej in the army j and therefore it
canpot be fuppofed that he gave fuch large Aims when he
was in the gre^teft diftrefs for flioney, Yet Heath with
the greateft boldnefs avers, that he had fpent the laft
farthing of his eftate, and was fecured from imprifon-
ment by being a member of parieme&t; that he found
a difficulty in borrowing ten pounds, and that at one
time, ten {hillings would have been acceptable fi
* Fi?e hundred pounds at {hat tijne was a very large fomj the patriot
Hampden gave but one thpufands pounds ; and maftet Arthur Goodwyn
hut one tlpufand pight hundred pounds; and" Robert and John Qoodwya
fin hundred pounds ; though thefe relations are always renrefeoted as men.
pf very large fortunes,
f Heath's f kgellum. Bpt he is a writer Jdfning very little credit,
an4nqneatt|)iarJusT
lean
ILLUSTRATIONS, 345
I can readily fuppofe that Oliver, when he was re?
turned a member fpr Cambridge, hacj but little larked
property ) for, as he purpofed leaving Britain and fet-
tling in America, prudence might dictate to him to
difpofe of what he could $ and it is the more probable
that he did part with the greateft part of his eftates at
that time, becaufe no part of thofe left him' by his fa-
ther, or that which ^ras bequeathed to 'him by his uncle
Stewart, i? mentioned in the fchedule given in by hi*
fop, the protestor Richard to the parlejnent, upon his.
deposition? * j but this is very far from proving thatj
Ije had no property ; for had that been the -cafe, would
ljefiave folemnly aflured lofd Faulkland, in 1647, th*U;
W not the grand rejnon&xance parted, * he would have
- fold all Jie had the next morning, and! never have feeti
i England more, and J know (fays he) many bone^
f IPeri of tjie fame principle $* had he been then banJf^
rwpt» it would h^ve been ridiculous to talk of difpofing
of what he had $ Jie h$d too ipucji fenfe tp haye fp e*-.
pofedWmfelf.
* Heath, though he has (aid that Oliver had parted wjth all his pvo*
f*nJy pretends that he had ft ill remaining, of his ancle Stewart4!
P?ff«%iu, a thatcbt honTe, with fone lands, of forty or fifty pounds a,
y«*r» in a town called Wells, within f<w miles, of Wifbich. in the iflo
•fEljr,
346 PROOFS AND
» LETTER Q.
THE prote&or Oliver's appearance, with regard
to his drefs, when he firft entered the long par-
lement, was by no me^ns fuch as conveyed, the idea
of a courtier, and fca^ce of a country gentlemen.
Doflor South, in one of his ferttions, gives the fol-
lowing defcription of him at this time : * Who that
* had beheld fuch a bankrupt, beggarly fellow as Crom-
c well, firft entering the parlement houfe, with a thread
* bare torn cloak, and a greafy hat (and perhaps neither
c of them paid for) could have fufpefled, that in the
f fpace of fo few years, he fhould, by the murder o£
1 one king, and the banifhment of another, afcend the
* throne, be invefted in the royal robes, and want no-
€ thing of the ftate of a king, but the changing of his
4 hat into a crowij.' This is the language of a fevere
fatirift, and one who was as lavifli in the fulfome com-
pliments to ' this beggarly fellow*, when alive (ftyling
him c a lively copy of Jeroboam)' as he was now in
his abufe of him; and likening him to Maflinello, the
poor wretch that the mob of Naples invefted with
royalty.
Sir Philip Warwick was a man of veracity ; he thus
honeftly paints Cromwell : fc The firft time,' fays the
* knight,
ILLUSTRATIONS. 347,
knight, * that ever I took notice of him, was in the
c beginning of the.parlement, held in november, 1640,
c when I vainly thought myfelf a courtly young gentle-
* man (for we courtiers valued burfelves much upon*
c our good clothes). I came one morning into the
1 houfe, well clad, and perceived a gentleman fpeakitfg
c (whom I knew not) very ordinarily appareled, for it
* waS a plain cloth fuite, which feeihed to have been
4 made by an ill* country taylorj his linen ^vas plain,
* and not very clean ; and I remember a fpeck or two
« of blood upon his little band, which was not muth
* larger than his collar j his hat was without a hat-
c band ; his ftature was of a good fize, his fword ftuck
* clofe to his fide, his countenance fwoln and reddiffi,
* his voice fliarp and untunable, and his -eloquence full
* of fervor*.' Probably this pi<Shi{e is very exa&;
one fhould have thought, fuch a perfon fo ungracefully
drefled, but little calculated to become a principal per-
fon in the fenate, and much lefs its future fovereign ;
but it muft be remarked, that it was from his floyenly-
nefs, more than poverty, that he drefled in this
manner f.
* Sir Philip Warwick's mcmeirs. ■)• Vide next note.
LETTER
34* PROOFS AND
LETTER R.
THE prote&or Oliver was foon noticed in the
houfe of commons for Jus boldnefs and the fb-
lidity of his argument?.
.Sir Philip Warwick fays, * that when he went to thfc
f parlement houfe, foon after its meeting, he heard mr,
'Cromwell pleading ftrongly againft fome indelicacy
*pf the queen^ fervants, jyhicb he aggravated to an
* enormous heights and though the matter was fo
' trivial, yet from his earneftnefs and fervor he was
f much liftened to, which/ fays the knight, c gave mc
* J>ut a mean opinion of parjerpent^.'
Lprd Digby, when going down the parlement flairs
with mr. Hampden, and only knowing Oliver perfon-
afly, faid, ' Pray, mr. Hampden, who is that man,
4 for I fee he is on our fide by his fpeaking fo warmly
€ Jo-day ?' 5 That JJoyen/ faid mr. Hampden, pro-
phetically, € whom you fee before you, hath no orn*-
' ment in his fpeech ; that floven, I fay, if we fho'uld
* ever cpn\e to a. breach with the king (which ppd
* forbid!) in fuch a cafe, I fay, that floven will be the
' greateft man in England/
Whaj
Illustrations. • *#
tVhat Rapin and Hume have faid of Oliver's being
two years in the houfe before he was noticed, and that
he was never upon more than two committees of any
confequence, is certainly ridiculous } the fervor of Crom-
well in all his fpeeches againft the government, even in
fmall matters, we find from fir Philip Warwick, was
liftened to with attention, and that too at the commence-
ment of the parlement ; and we have juft feen that they
attra&ed the notice of lord Digby, and that his merit
was well known to his own party; and unluckily for
mr. Hume, it appears by the journals of the houfe of
commons, that be was in no left than twenty.commtttets
• between december 17, 164.1, and June 20* uti^e fol-
lowing year, arid feveral of them of great importartfe*.
i
LETTER SI
T is pretty obvious that Oliver ftudied both grade
and drefs whilft in the houfe of commons, for he
afterwards was a great proficient, of rather excelled in
them*
Sir
* Vide fir Philip Warwick's memoirs, Ripln's and Home's hiftory of
England, and journih of the houfe of commons,— Lord chancellor Hyde
m his ftate papers, fays, that the firft time Cromwell ever fpoke in the
"onfe, was opon the carl of Manchester's inclbfure bufinefs, and « that
4 mr. Cromwell anfrrcrtd the polite lord Mandeville, the earl's Ton, with
35o • PROOFS AND
Sir Philip Warwick, who has given fo uncourtly z
defcriptidn of Oliver, upon his entrance, into the park-
mart, in 1640, remarks afterwards the great alteration
of him. for the better ; c for/ fays he, c I lived to fee
* tht9 very gentleman, out of no ill-will to him, I thys
* deicribe* by multiplied good fuccefles, and by real
* (but ufaqpt) power, having, had a better taylor, said
femore comverfe among, good company, in my own
. ► age, when for fix. weeks together I was a prifoner in
* his iarjeant's iiands, and daily Waited all Whitehall,
* appear of a great an* nfuqdlic deportment, and comely
* prefence.* Other writers who cannot be taxed wkk
partiality to him, own that he was deficient in no polite-
nefs becoming his £%aked ftatiort.
LETTER T.
TipHE relief of Gainfborough in 1643, kid *e f°m-
* dation of all the fubfequent promotions of mr.
Cromwell (afterwards protestor) in the army.
.• fo ranch indecency, rudenefs, and in language fo contrary and offcnfire,
' chat he, as chairman to the committee, was obliged to reprehend, and*c-
« quaint him, that he would adjourn the committee, and report his conduct
', to the houfe of commons the next day, if he did not defift ; as his carriage
« .was fo tempeftuous, ' and his behaviour fo infolent, that it was not to be
< born with.' The chancellor fays thb was the caufe of Oliver's conftant
hatred to him.
Wbitlock
ILLUSTRATIONS. • jgt
Whiflock speaks of frim tints, after recounting the
aftion in which the brave lieutenant Cavendtth was
lolled, fighting for his. foverrigo ; c This was the bo-
« ginning of his (Cromwell's) great, fortunes, and now
* he began to appear in the world. He had a brave
« troop of horfe of his countrymen, mod of them free-
* holders* and freeholders fons,. who upqp matter of
* confeience engaged in this quarrel with Cromwell.
< And thus being well armed within, by the lati&fadioa
* of their own confidences, and without in good iron
« armour, they would as one man ftand firmly, wti
* charge defparatery V-
LETTER U.
/^VLIVER was certainly fwayed at leaft as much by
revenge as patriotifm againft his fovereign at the
breaking out of the civil wars.
Archbifhop Williams knew this, or he would never have
given the following advice to his majefty, in a council held
* Wfcitfoek's memorial of EnglHh affairs. Cromwell cWe foftcienf
people for his troop, as filch were only capable of oppofingthe royal forces*
which confiftcd of gentleman's (cms, younger fons, and perfonsof qiality.
The parlement army were every where beat at firft, becavfe they wen
compofed only of decayed ftniag men, tap&en, and fuck kind of fellow*^
joch men as Olifef engaged, with the addition of religious cmhjifiafm;
.^fcame mtiociWc,
held
|jS • PROOFS AND
in 164$, fpeakirig of Cromwell, « I knew him,* fay£the
* £rimat«y atBuckden, but never knew bis religion, being
* a common fpokefmarl for fe&aries, and maintained their
* part with ftubbornnefs. He never difcourfed as if he
* were pleafed with your majefty and your officers, and
« indeed he loves none that are more than his equate.
« Your majefty did him but juftice in tefufing his peti*
> tfon againft fir Thomas Steward of the ifle of Ely; but
c he takes them all for his enemies that would not let him
* undo his bed: friend ; and above fril that live, I think him
* the mefl mindful of an injury. He talks openly that
* it is fit fome fhould a£ more vigoroufly againft your
* forces, and bring your perfon into the power of the
4 pariement; He hates the eari of Effex, becaufe he fays
c he is but half an enemy to your majefty, and has done
4 you more favoj: than harm. His fortunes are broken,
* that it isimpoflibie fyr him to fubfift (much lefs fatisfy
* his ambition) but by your majefty's bounty ; or by
c the ruin of us all in one common cohfufion. In ihort,
1 every beaft has fome evil properties, but Cromwell has
* the properties of all evil beafts.' This fpeech certainly
gives us an high opinion of the primate*s knowledge of
the real character of one who was the mafter-piece of
Hiffimulation. The conclusion, however, is indecent^
and probably he was miftaken as to his broken fortune,
though it is reafonable to fuppofe, that the fums Olivet
tad advanced in the pariement fervice, ipuft have lef*
i ftnei
ILLUSTRATIONS. |J5
fened his patrimony, and that he could not be expedted
to fit down again* without fome fatisfa&ion for the
emolument he then received from his command in the
army.
L E T T E R V.
TT is pretty extraordinary* that Oliver ihould fo
openly declare himfelf the profeffed enemy to the
king) in the beginning of the civil war, as he did, ex-
cept it was to prove the tempers of his men, and to
retain fuch as would go all his lengths, for h,e thus ad-
dreffed bis. troop upon raifing them: c that he would
* not cozen them by perplexed expreflions in his com-*
c mifijon, to fight for king and parlement ; therefore,
* if the kiag chanced to be in the body of the enemy,
' he would as foon/difcharge his piftol upon him, as any
4 private man ; and if their confciences would not let
* them do the like, he advifed them not to lift them-
* felves under him/
Vol.I. Aa LETTER
jj4 PROOFS AND
LETTER W.
The firjl inauguration of Oliver in the protefiorali.
December ib) 1653.
4 rT*\ H E protestor, about one of the clock in the
-»- afternoon, came from Whitehall to Weftminfter,
to the Chancery court, attended by the lords com-
jniiEoners of the great feal of England, barons of the
exchequer, and judges in their robe$ ; after them, the
council of the commonwealth, and the lord mayor, al-
dermen, and recorder of the city of London, in tbeir
fcarlet gowns ; then came the prote&or attended wiih
many of the chief officers of the army j a chair of ftate
being fet in the faid court of chancery, the proteftor
ftood on the left hand thereof uncovered, till a large
writing in parchment (in the manner of an oath) was
read j there being the power with which the prote&or
■yiras invefted, and how the prote&or is to govern the
three nations, which the protector accepted of, and
fiibfcribed in the face of the court, and immediately
hereupon fat down covered in the chair ; the lords
commiffioners then delivered up the great feal of Eng-
land to the prote&or, and the lord mayor his fword and
cap of maintenance, all which the prote&or returned
immediately to "them again; the court then, rofe, and
the protector was attended back as aforefaid, to the
banqueting-
ILLUSTRATIONS. 355
banqucting-houfe in Whitehall, the lord mayor himfelf
uncovered, carrying the fword before the prote&or all
the way ; and coming into the banqueting -houfe, an
exhortation was made by mr. Locker, after which the
iord mayor, aldermen, and judges departed.
Theinftrument or model framed to be the foundation
of this prefent government, was chiefly made up of thefe
following heads,
i. The proteftor fhould call a parlement every three
years. 2. That the firft {hould affemble on the third of
feptember, 1654. 3. That he would not diflblve the
parlement till it had fat five months. 4. That fuch bills
as they offered to him, he not paffing them in twenty
days, {hould pafs without him. 5. That he fhould
have a fele& council, not exceeding onc-and- twenty,
nor under thirteen. 6. That immediately after his
death, the council fliould chufe another prote&or before
they rofe. 7. That no protester after him fhould be
general of the army. 8. That thq prote&or fhould
have power to make peace or war, 9. Thmtjn the jn»-
tervals of parlement, he and his council might make
laws that fhould be binding to the fubje&,.&c» with
fame other popular lurdes and common incidences of
government not worth the recital, which were con-
firmed and ftrenuoufly validated by this his oath :
A * % I promifc
s56 PROOFS AND
: I promife in the prefence of God, not to violate or
infringe the matters and things contained in the instru-
ment, bat to obferve, and caufe the fame to be obferved j
and in all things to the. beft of my underftanding, go-
vern the nations according to the laws, ftatutes, and
cuftoms j to feek their peace, and caufe juftice and law
to be equally adminiftered.'
This ceremony was performed in the chancery in
Weftminfter-Hall *.
LETTER X.
The fecond and more folemn inveftiture of Oliver in the
protectorate.
« np HERE remained only the Solemnity of the inau-
"*■ guration or inveftiture, which being agreed upon
by the committee and the protector, was by the parle-
jnent appointed to be performed in Weftminfter-Hall ;
•where, at the upper end thereof) there was an afcent
raifed, where a chair and canopy of ftate was fet, and a
table with another chair for the fpeaker, with feats built
fcaffold-wife for the parlement on both fides; and
places below for the aldermen of London, and the like ;
* From Heath Wrief chronicle,
all
I L L U S T R A T I ON S. *3j7
all which being in a readinefs, the protector came out
of a room adjoining to the lords houfe, and in this
order proceeded into the hall. Firft went his gentle-
men, then a herald ; next the aldermen, another herald,
the attorney-general, then the judges (of whom ferjeaijt
Hill was one, being made a baron of the exchequer
June 1 6.) then Norroy, the lords commiffioners of thfc
treafury, and the feal carried by commiflioner Fiennes,
then Garter, and after him the earl of Warwick with
the fword, born before the protector bareheaded, the
the lord mayor, Titchborn, carrying the city fword (by
the fpecial coaks of the protector) by his left hand :
being feated in his chair, on the left hand whereof flood
the ifaid Titchborn and the du{ch ambafiador; the
french ambaffador and die earl of Warwick on the
right j next behind him flood his fons Richard, Fleet-
wood, Claypdole,* and the privy council j uppn a lower
defcent flood the lord vifcount Li fie, lords Montague
and Whitlock, with drawn fwords. ^ .
Then the fpeaker (fir Thomas Widdrington) in the
name of the parlement, prefented to him a robe of purr
pie velvet, a bible, a fword, and a fcepter (all which
were precious tokens of the parlemerit's favor) at the
delivery of thefe things, the fpeaker made a fcort com-
ment upon them to the protestor, which he divided
into four parts, as followed^,
A a 3 i. Tht
3S8 PROOFS' AND
1. The robe of purple — this is an emblem of ma-
giftracy, and imports righteoufnefs and jufiric© : when
you have put on this veftment, I may' fey you are a
gown-man. This robe is of a mixt color, to fhew the
mixture of juftice and mercy. Indeed, a magiftrate
muft have two hands, pleftentcm, fcf amplefantem, to
cherifh and to punifb .
2. The bible is a book that contains the holy fcrip-
tures, in which you have the happinefs to be weH
verfed. This book of life confifts of two teftaments,
the old and new : the firft {hews Chrifium velatum, the
fecond Chrijlum revelatumy Chrift vailed and revealed :
it is a book of books, and doth contain both precepts
and examples for good government*
><
3. Here is a fcepter, not unlike a ftaff ; for you arc
to be a ftaff to the weak and poor : it is of ancient ufe
in this kind. It is faid in fcripture, that the fcepter
ihall not depart from Judah. It was of the like ufe in
other kingdoms ; Homer the Greek poet calls kings
and princes fcepter- bearers.
4. Thelaft thing isafword, not a military, butcivi*
fword j it is a fword rather of defence than offence: not
to defend yourfclf only, but your people alfo. If I
might prefume to fix a mctto upon this fword, as the
valiant
ILLUSTRATIONS. 359
valiant lord Talbot had upon his, it fhould be this,
Ego/urn domini pro t efforts, ad protegendum populum meum%
I am the prote&or, to protedl my people.
This fpeech being ended, the fpcaker took the bible and
gave the proteflor his oath ; afterwards matter Manton
made a prayer, wherein he recommended the prote&or,
parlement, council, the forces by land arid fea, govern-
ment, and people of the -three nations, to the ffrrote&io*
of God. Which being ended, the heralds by found of
trumpet proclaimed his highnefs prote&or of England,
Scotland, and Ireland, and the dominions thereunto be-
longing, requiring all perfons to yield him due obedience.
At the end of all, the protestor with his train carried up
by the lord Sherrard Warwick's nephew, and the lord
Roberts his eldeft fon, returned in the fame pofture j the
earl of Warwick fitting at the one end of the coach
againft him, Richard his fon, and Whitlock in one, and
lord Lifle and Montague in the other boot, with fwords
drawn, and the lord Claypool, mr. of the horfe led the
horfe of honour in rich caparifons to Whitehall. The
members to the parlement houfe, where they prorogued
their fitting to the twentieth of January V
• From Heith's brief chronicle.
A a 4 LLITER
360 PROOFS AND '
LETTER Y.
The magnificent funeral of Oliver \ lard prote&or.
c ihti H E corpfe of his late highnefs having been
embalmed, and wrapped up in a meet of lead,
was, on the fix-and-twentieth of feptember, about
ten of the clock at night, privately removed from
Whitehall to Somerfet-houfe, being only attended by
Iris own domeftic officers and fervants, as the lord-
chamberlain, and comptroller of the houflbold, the
gentlemen of the life-guard, the guard of halberdiers,
and divers other officers and fervants ; two heralds of
•arms wcfit next before the corpfe, which was placed in
a mourning-hearfe, drawn by fix horfes ; in which
manner it was carried to Somerfet-houfe, where it
remained for fome days in private, until things were
in a readinef* to expbfe it in ftate to a public view,
which was performed with the following order and
folemnity.
The firft room at Somerfet-houfe, where the fpec-
tators enteredt was formerly the prefence-charaber,
compleatly hung with black, at the upper end whereof
was placed a cloth of ftate* with a chair of ftate under
the fame.
The
LLUSTRATIONS. 361
The fecond large room was formerly the privy-
chamber, hung with black, with a cloth and chair of
ftate under the lame.
The third room was formerly the withdrawing-
room, hung with black cloth, and had a cloth and
chair of (late in it as the former ; all which three
large rooms were compkatly furni&ed with fcutcheon*
of his highnefs's arras, crowned with the imperial
crown ; and at the head of each cloth of ftate, was
fixed a large majeftie fcutcheon, fairly painted and gilt
upon taffity.
. The fourth room, where both the corpfe and the
effigies did lie, was compleatly hung with black
velvet, and the roof was cieled with velvet, and a
large canopy, or cloth of ftate, of black velvet,
fringed, was plated over the effigies, made to the life
in wax* The effigief itfelf being apparelled in a
rich fuit of uncut velvet, robed in a little robe of
purple velvet, laced with a rich gold lace, and furred
with errains ; upon the kirtle was the royal large
robe, of the like purple velvet, laced and furred with
crmins, with rich firings and taffels of gold ; the
kirtle being girt with a rich embroidered belt, wherein
was a fair fword, richly gilt and hatch'd with gold,
hanging by the fide <rf the effigies. In the right hand
* was
36* PROOFS AND
was the golden fceptre, reprefenting government ; in
the left hand, the globe, denoting principality ; upon
the head a purple velvet cap, furred with ermins;
fignifying regality : Behind the head there was placed
a rich chair of ftate, of tiffued gold, and upon the
cufliion, which lay thereon, was placed an imperial
crown, fet with precious ftones. The body of the
effigies lay upon a bed of ftate, covered with a large
pall of black velvet, under which there was fpread a
fine Holland fheet, upon fix {tools of tiffued cloth of
gold : on the fides .of the bed of ftate was placed a
rich fuit of compleat armour, reprefenting his late
highnefss command as general: at the feet of the
effigies flood his creft, according to the cuftorn of
ancient monuments.
The bed of ftate whereupon the effigies did thus
lie, was a fc ended unto by two fleps, covered with the
aforefaid pall of velvet, the whole work being com-
pafled about with rails and ballafters, covered with
velvet ; at each corner whereof there was placed an
upright pillar, covered with velvet, upon the tops
whereof were the four fupporters of the imperial arms,
bearing banners, or ftreamers, crowned. The pillars
were adorned with trophies of military honour, carved
and gilt ; the pedeftalls of the pillars had fhields and
crowns, gilt, which compleated the whole work.
Within
ILLUSTRATIONS. 363
Within the rails and ballafters flood eight great iilvcr
candlefticks, or flandarts, almoft five foot high, with
virgin-wax tapers of three foot long : next unto the
candlefticks there were fet upright, in fockets, the
four great ftandaids of his highnefs's arms, the guy-
dons, .great banners, and banrolls of war, being all
of taffity, very richly gilt and painted. The cloth of
ftate, which covered the bed of ftate, and the effigies,
had a majeftic fcutcheon, and the whole room was
fully and compleatly adorned with taffity fcutcheons :
ieveral of his late higbnefs's gentlemen attending bare-
headed, roundabout the bed of ftate, in mourning j
and other of his highnefs's fervants waiting in the
other rooms, to give dirc^ftioas to the fpeclators, and
to prevent diforders.
After which ^ his late highnefs's effigies was fevcrai
days Ihown in another room, {landing upon an afcent,
under a rich cloth of flate, veiled in roya! robes,
having a fceptre in one hand, and a globe in the
other; a crown on his head, his armour lying by him,
•at a diftance, and the banners, banrolls, and ftandards,
being placed round about him, together with the
other enfigns of honour. The whole room, which
was fpacipus, being adorned in a majeftical manner,
and feveral of his late highnefs's gentlemen attending
"about the effigies, bare-headed; in which manner
2 the
1
564 PROOFS AND
the effigies continued until the folemnization of the
funerals.
On the tbree-and-twe^tieth day of november, in
the morning, the time appointed for the folemnization
of the funerals of his late highnefs, the feveral perfons
of honour and quality, which were invited to attend
the interment, being come to Somcrfet-houfe, and all
things being in a readinefs to proceed, the effigies of
his late highnefs Handing under a rich cloatb of date,
in the manner afore fpecified, was firft fhown to the
company, and afterwards removed and placed on a
hearfe, richly adorned, and fet forth with fcutcheooa,
and other ornaments ;" the effigies itfelf being veiled
in royal robes, a fceptre in one hand, a globe in the
other, and a crown on the head. After it had been
a while thus placed in the middle Of a room, it was
carried on the hearfe, by ten of his late highnefs£s
gentlemen, into the court-yard, where a very rich
canopy of Hate was borne over, it, by fix. other of hb
late highnefs' s gentlemen, till it was brought and
placed on the chariot, at each end whereof was a feat,
wherein fat two of his late highnefs's gentlemen of the
bed-chamber, the one at the head, and the other at
the feet of the effigies. The pall, which was made of
velvet, and the white linen, was very large, extending
on each fide of the carriage, and was born up by
feveral
m
ILLUSTRATIONS. 3*5
• feveTal perfons of honour thereunto appointed. The
chariot wherein the effigies was conveyed, was covered
with black velvet, adorned with plumes and fcutcheons,
and was drawn by fix horfes, covered with black velvet,
and each of them adorned with black plumes of
feathers.
From Sqmerfet-houfe to Weftminfter the ftreets were
railed in, and ftrawed with fand $ the foldiers being
placed on each fide of the ftreets, without the rails,
and their enfigns wrapped up in a cyprefs mourning
veil.
The manner of the proceeding to the interment,
"was briefly thus:
Firft, a knight-martial advanced on horfeback, with
his black truncheon, tipt at both ends with gold,
attended by his deputy, and thirteen men on faorfc-
. back, to clear the way. t
After him followed the poor men of Weftminfter,
in mourning gowns and hoods, marching two and
two.
Next unto them followed the fervants of the feverai
perfons of all qualities, which attended the funeral*
• Thefe were followed by all his late highnefs'a
fervants, as well inferior as fuperior, both within
and
■a:
j6* PRO 0"P SAND*
and without the houfehold, as alfo all his highnefs's
bargemen and watermen.
Next unto thefe followed the fervants and officers
belonging to the lord-major and Iheriffs of the city of
London. • '
Then came feveral gentlemen and attendants on the
refpeftive ambafladors, and the other public minifters.
' After thofe came the poor knights of Windfor, in
gowns and hoods.
Then followed the clerks, fecretaries, and other
officers, belonging to the army, the admiralty, the
ireafury, the navy, and exchequer,
After thefe came the officers in command in the
fleet, as alfo the ofiicers of the army.
Next followed the commiflioners for excife, thofe of
the army, and the committee of the navy.
Then followed the commiflioners for the appro-
bation of preachers.
Then came the officers, meffengers, and clerks,
belonging to the privy- council, and the clerks of both
Jioufes of parliament.
Next followed his late highnefs's phyficians,
The head officers of the army.
The chief officers and aldermen of the city of
London,
The matters of the chancery, with his highne&'s
learned coufrcil at law.
The
ILLUSTRATIONS. 367
The judges of the admiralty, the mailers of requeft,
with the judges in Wales.
The barons of the exchequer, the judges of both
benches, and the lord-major of London.
Next to thefe the perfons allied in blood to his
late highnefs, and the members of the lords houfe,
After them the public minifters of foreign flares
and princes. . .
Then the Holland ambaiTador alone, whofe train
was borne up by four gentlemen.
Next to him the Portugal ambaflador alone, whofe
train was held up by four knights, of the order of
Chrift.
And thirdly the French ambaiTador, whofe train
was alfo held up by four perfons of quality.
Then followed the lords pommiifipners of the great
feal.
The lords commiflioners of the treafury. -
The lords of his late highnefs's mod honourable
privy-council.
After whom followed the chief mourner, and thofe
perfons of quality which were bis affiftants, and bare up
his train. All the nobles were in clofe mourning, the
reft were but in ordinary, being difpofed in their pailage
into feveral divifions, being diftinguifhed by drums and
trumpets, and by a ftandard or banner born by a perfon
of
$81 PROOFS AND
ei honor and his affiftant, and a horfe of ftate covered
» with black velvet, and led by a perfon of honor, followed
by two grooms: of which horfes there were eleven in all,
four covered with black cloth, and feven with velvet.
Thefe being all pafled in order, at length the chariot
followed with the effigies; of each fide of which were
born fix banner rolls, twelve in all, by as many perfbns
of honor. The feveral pieces of his late highnefc's ar-
mor were born by eight honorable perfons, officers of the
army, attended by a herald and a gentleman on each fide.
Next followed- Garter, principal king of arms, attended
with a gentleman on each fide bare-headed.
Then came the chief mourner together with tfaofe
lords and noble perfonages that were fupporters and affif-
tants to the chief mourner.
Then followed the horfe of honor, in very rich trap-
pings, embroidered upon crimfon velvet, and adorned
with white, red, and yellow plumes, and was led by the
mailer of the horfe.
Finally, in the clofe of all followed his late highnefs's
guard of halberdiers, and the warders of the tower.
The folemnity was managed with a great deal of ftate
from Somerfet-Houfe to Weftminfter, many thoufands
of
* ILLUSTRATIONS. 369
of people being fpe&ators in the windows, and upon the
fcaffolds all long the way as it pafled*
At the weft gate of the abbey church* the hearfe with
the effigies thereon was taken off again from the chariot,
by thofe ten gentlemen who placed it thereon before,
and in their paffing on to carry it into the church, the
canopy of ftate was by the former fix gentlemen born
over it again ; in which ftately manner it was carried up to
the eaft end of the abbey, and there placed in that magni-
ficient ftruflure which was purpofely erefled there to re-
ceive it j where it is to remain for fome time expofed to
public view. The corpfe having been fome days before
interred >in Henry the feventh's chapel, in a vault pur-
pofely prepared for the fame, over which a coftly monu-
ment is preparing.
Thus have you a brief relation of the laft ceremonies
of honor which were performed to the memory of his
late highnefs, who by his heroic a£b had fo well de-
ferred, as that my dull pen not able to exprefs them, I
(hall remit the reader to cenfure my endeavours, and
fubmit to thofe that fhall hereafter undertake to prefent
the world with a large chronicle*.'
* From Carrington's hiftory of the life and death of his moft Cerent
fc'gtaeft Oliver late lord protestor.
Vol.I. . Bb LETTER
37*
F R OOP'S : AND
LET TER Z.
TT is extraordinary to fee to what an height the paffions
"*" of roea aie aimed even about trifles — to fee how
they ba,ve tortured their imagination to contradict their
reafon ; with refpofb to the difpofel of Oliver's corpfe* his
friends cannot unfortunately agree amongft themfelves ia
what way the body, of the protestor was difpofed o£
Some fay it was funk in the Thames, others that
it was buri.ed in Nafeby field, where the hotteft of
the battle was, and that the field was immediately
plowed oyer ; but the moft romantic account is, that
his,corpfe was. taken to Windfor, put in king Charles's
coffin, and that of the murdered king buried in ftate
for Cromwell's ; and that it was afterwards expofed at
Tyburn, where the features of the king were fo percep-
tible, that the miftake was difcovered.
The fabricators of each of thefe relations, fay, that
they are certain of the fact of what they relate, and that
it was Cromwell's dying requeft ; but it is impoflible he
ihould order all thefe three modes of difpofing of his
body.
As the mattes is curious, I (hall take a view of thefe
three opinions : — Nafeby is in Northamptonfhire, and
fifty miles from London, where he died ; now can it be
fupptfcd
ILLUSTRATIONS, 371
fuppofcd by any fobcr perfon, that a corpfe could Wt tton-
veyed from the palace where fo many eyes were con*
ftantly upon the gaze, fo that only three perform as it is
pretended, fhould know of it j the Soldiers certainly could
not have been kept in ignorance, and their veneration
for their old getieraly would ftot have permitted lii* re-
mains to have been ignomiriiouflyftolen, as it frete, awif
to be buried like a cuIpfit'sV
The fame, in fome meafure, may be faid of finking
the body in the Thames-; and that Cromwell's remains
fcould be conveyed to Windfor, die king's taken out of
the vaulrthere, and brought to London is ftill more im-
probable; but, fuppofing the latter could be the cafe, was
it not more likely that his features fhould be recognised
at the opening of the coffin, when it was firft taken up
after the reftoration*, to be hung upon a gibbet for Oli-
ver's, than after it was hung up ; when, from the horrid . f
fpe&acle of a dead body in a putrid ftate, and the. dif- 1
agreeable confequence amending it, none would be very * }
fond of gqing near it, particularly, as there were tw?
other* with it, orie t>t which was in a terrible ftate : or
is it likely, that without fonle fuch art as was itfed t»
king Edward Ps. body, the features of king Charles fhould
be difiiagujjChed whefi he find been buried ^eleven yea*a.
' * Charles's head mnft hate been known immediately from (Mirer's, th*
Verbid a beard of confidence length, Oliver's only tfmall lock of hrt
^«t the lower lip.
B b ! It
372 PROOFS AND
It is certain that the body was interred before his fune-
ral rites were performed. His chief phyfician, whofetefti-
mony is worthy credit, at lead in this, tells us, after giving
the appearance of the internals, that though his -bowels
jwere taken out, and his body filled with fpices, wrapped
in a .fourfold cerecloth, firft put into a coffin of lead,
and then into one of wood, yet it purged and wrought
through all : fo that there was a neceffity of interring it
before the folemnity of his funerals.
But it is certain, that the body was depofited inWcft-
minfter abbey, under the magnificent hearfe of wax placed
where now ftands the tomb of the duke of Buckingham.
In proof of this affertion, when the" ferjeant of the
houfe of commons, with his attendants, went to the ab-
bey (in conformity to a vote paffed in the houfe of com-
mons, december 8, 1660, ordering the body of the late
prote&or Oliver, with thofe of Ireton and Bradflutw, to
be taken from their graves, and expofed upon a gallows)
they found in a vault, at the eaft end of the middle aile,
a magnificent coffin, that contained the body of Oliver
the late prote&or, upon whofe breaft was a copper plate,
double gilt, which, upon one fide, had the arms of the
commonwealth impaling thofe of the deceafed, and upon
- .the reverfe, this legend, Olivarius Prote&or Republic*,
Anglic,
ILLUSTATIO N S. m
Angliac, Scotia, ct Hiberni«,Natus 250. Aprilb Anno
I599°- Inaugurate* 160. Decembris 1653, Mortuos 30,
Septembris Anno 1658°. hie fitus eft. Which plate, dr.
Cromwell Mortimer, fecretary to the royal fociety, faw,
and copied, and it is ftill in being *. The fame gentleman
alio faw the original receipt of the mafon employed in
opening the vaults of Cromwell, Brad&aw, andlreton, for
taking up their bodies, which is thus, < May the 4th day,
* i66i> rec*. then in full, of the worfhipful fargeant
* NorfoUce, fiveteen (hillings, for taking up the corpes
* of Cromell, and Ireton, and Brafaw, rec by mee
« John Lewis,'
It appears that the prote&or's body, with that of Ire-
ton, was taken up on faturday, January 26, 1660, and on
die monday night following were drawn in two feveral
carts from Weftminfter to the red-lion-inn, in Holborn,
where they remained all night, Bradfhaw's, for good
reafons, was not taken up till the morning following,
which was the anniverfary of king Charles's death, when
they were. conveyed upon fledges to the gallows f» takcrj
out
* Serjeant Norfolk foppofed the plate to be gold, and therefore claioaed
it; which, with the c» unifier that it was inclofed in came tohisonjjf
child Mary, wile of Hope Gilford, efq. of Colchefter, whofe only daugh-
ter and child married to fir Anthony Abdy, hart, whofe third wife per-
mitted dr. Mortimer tacopy it*
f The royalifts pobliihed upon this occafion, the fpeeches of Oliver
Cromwell, Henry Ireton, and John Bradlhaw, intended to have been
B b 3 fpokea
334 PROOFS A^P;
put of tbfcir Coffins, banged upon the feverat angles of
that treple tree, till fun fet, then beheaded, and their
trunks thrown into an hole under the gallows, and their
heads let upon poles yp^n the top of Weftminfter-ball,
and where Oliver's long remained : for fir Thomas Arm-
(bong's was placed between his and &rad&?w's« S:$
Thomas was executed June 20, 16849 which w^s more
than twenty years after Oliver's he^d had been placed
there.
This difegreeable fubjefl: has already carried me fur-
ther than I intended it fhoiild, but I cannot omit adding,
that we can make but little d6ubt that Oliver always
meant to be buried in Weftminfter abbey, or he would
not have laid thofe who he moil loved there, particularly
his own mother, and his favourite daughter ; it is, therefore
highly probable he wiihed to be buried in that dormitory of
lings ; but it does not appear that he ever gave any exprefs
directions concerning the difpofal of his body' His enthu-
/poken at their execution at Tyburn, the 30th of January, 1660, 8cc. Lon-
don, in one iheet and an half in 4*0, publilhed by March amont Needham,
Payne, and Fifher, fervants, poets, and pamphlateers to his infernal high-
nefi. No doubt the royalifis looked upon the poet who wrote upon Oliver's
falling from his coach-box as a prophet; for thus fang he,
Every day and hour hath fliew'd us hispow'r,
But now he hath fhew'd us his art.
His firft reproach was his fall, from a coach,
' His next will be from a cart.
Dr. Pitfcy's loyal fongs.
fiafttc
ULUSTRATIO-NS. 3?j
fiaftic piety made him believe that future ages would \6ok
upon him rather as a faint than an hypocrite, as a great fove-
reign than an ufurper, and the deftroyer of a tyrant, than as
the murderer of his fovereign ; therefore, he could have
no idea that any indignity would be {hewn to his re-
mains*, and certainly both himfelf and family muft have
fuppofed it much more for his honor* that he fhould fleep
.with kings, than that he. (bould be thrown into the
Thames, or be buried with the undiftingmihed dead in a
field of battle ; as to his body's being taken to Windfor,
it is too ridiculous to be thought of feripufly; .befides,
Charles's coffin, with the pall thrown upon it, was founcj
in queen Anne's reign, exactly in the fame ftate as it was
when firft placed there; and thofe who were the moft
concerned for his and their own honor, his family, have
always believed it. I have faid thus much to (hew the
folly of people's believiijg the improbable tale, or that
the fcull (hewn at Oxford for his, and (till more fo, the
pickled head difplayed for a (how, are neither of them
really fo. I cannot conclude without expreffing my con-
terppt for king Charles IIf in treating the body of fo
* Ludlow, whnfc hatred to Cromwtlf, made him believe any hearsay
report to his detriment, pretends that the protector feemed, when at the
peine of death, moft concerned for the reproaches men would caft upon his
name when he was dead ; but as if he had meant to contradict himfelf, he
tys, that his highnefs at this time, acted the part of a mediator, rather
than (hewed any remorfc, as became fo great, a tinner.
Bbj. great
37« PR oofs and:
great a fovereign with fuch indecency, though that of an
enemy and ufurper. .
LETTER AA. .
TH E defcription of the prote&or Oliver's perfon »
very juft as given by dr. Smollet ; but this re-
fpefts hipi rather when in the prime of life than after-
wards) as it is certain that in old age he was but a very
courfe looking man, and this for many reafons $ the
number and greatnefs of his cares 5 the inclemency of
the weather, which, as a foldier, he was obliged to en-
dure, and perhaps the lofs of his teeth ; the difference of
his face is very difcernable in comparing thofe portraits
of him which were taken when he was lieutenant-gene-
ral, or even in the beginning of his prote&orate, to thofe
of his coins and medals painted or (truck but a fhort
time before his death.
The following defcription of his perfon, though over-
charged, and in the higheft degree caracature, is too witty
to be omitted. — c But Cromwell wants neither ward-
c robe nor armour, his face was naturely buft, and his
' fkin may furnifli him with a nifty coat of mails you
< would think he had been chriftcned in a lime pit, tann'd
1 alive,
I L L U & T R A T I 6 » X 377 ;
4 alive, and fab coufttehancg ftill continues mangy*. We
c cry out againft fupefftitfon, and yet worihip a piece of
* wainfcot, and idolize an unblanch'd almond ; certainly
4 its no human vifage, but the emblem of a mandrake,
* one ftarce handfome enough to have been the progeny
c of Hecuba, h,ad ihe whelp'd him when fhe was a bitch.
1 His foul too, is as hugly. as his body, for who can expeA
' a jewel in the head of a toad, yet this bafilifk would
* kirig it, and a brewer's horfe muft be a lyon.
' In Cromwell art and,nature ftrivef
4 Which ihould the uglieft thing contrive;
* Firft nature forms an ill Ihap'd lump,
4 And art to fhew how good wits jump,
4 Adds to his monftr'ous fhape and fize,
c "AH forts and kinds of Villainies :
c So that he was by art and nature,
4 An ugly, vile, and monftr'ous creature*/
The cavaliers, who have conftantly denied him the
leaft goodnefs, and have ever treated all his pretencesto
religion and virtue as the effects of refined hypocrify, and
as the liquor which he had drank to great excefs when
young, and with freedom afterwards, had fo tinged his
nofe, that it ever after retained its brilliant hue, it became
* Memoirs of the year 1649 and 1650, given in Boiler's pofthumous
*«ks, though (bote fay it was not the production of that poet.
the
37* JP* POPS AMD
the butt 4»d m^Apinft which bis facetious enemies
fcou Ckaveland, in Jus chara&er of a London diurnal,
%s, 4 This Cromtrell ihould be a bird ofprejr, by^is
* bloody beak, tis nofe is ahJe to try a young eagle whe-
6 ther he be iawfutty begotten, but all is not gold that
4 gftfter**/.' And in another place, he (ays, « Cromwell's
4 nofe is the dominical letter ;' another calls k c a comet
* in grain f. Walker fays, that at the time Cromwell
ordered the foldiers to fire in the infurre&ion of the Lon-
don apprentices, ' his nofe looked as prodigioufly upon
4 you as a comet,' and fpeaking of die government's mak-
ing treafon no trcafon, he adds, that fliould * the houfe
vote c that Oliver's nofe is a ruby, they would expe&
* you to fwear it and fight for it %.'
The mufes likewife ftuig the brilliancy of Cromwell'*
nofe.
Firft red nos'd Nol, he fwallow'd all,
His color ihew*d, he lov'd it§.
"Oliver, Oliver, take up thy crown,
For now thou has made three kingdoms thine own*
♦ Walker has the fame expreifion ia the hiftoryof the independents^
and adds, « (o was his prodomus,. that type and figure of him, John of
' Leyden, than whom this fellow will prove far more bloody.'
f Memoirs of the. years 1649 and 1652.
J Walker's hiftory of the independents. §, Song The food old e*at>.
Call
ILUJSTRATJOFS. m
Call tfajec a conclave of thy own creation,
To ride us to ruin, who dare thee oppefe;
>Vhile yre, thy good people, are at thy devotion,
Tp fqll down and worihip thy terrible nofe*.
They have quite omitted the politic head,
His worfhipful face and excellent Ro/ef.
But when the date of Nock was out
Off dropt the fympathetic fnout J.
LETTER BB.
VTOTHING is more difficult to difcover than
*" * truth i but it is impoffible almoft to have it of
the aftions of men, whofe conduct will bear various
interpretations ; and whofe perfon are both the ob-
je&s of e*cef3 of love and hatred. — Sueh was his
feighaefs, the prote&or 5 therefore, hie hiftory is moft
difficult to be known, as generally only his admirers,
* Cromwell's coronation.
f The ftate's new coin. Thefe are given by dr. Picrcy In the loyal
fongs, in which are others which celebrate Oliver's nofe.
J Memoirs of 1649 and 1650.— When major-general Mafley was
introduced to the prefence-chamber, at the Hague, after his efcape from
England, immediately following the violent death of king Charles I.
the marqoifs of Montrofs, * by way of droll, aiked him how Oliver's
1 nofe did.'— Other, and more ferious thoughts, one (heuld have fuppofed,
would bate occurred at that time, and in the court of the fen of that
mifcrable monarch j who, himfelf, was then an aji«n, and a ftrangtr, in a
foreign land.
his
'jto PROOFS AND :
or enemies, have written refpe&tng him. Both during
his life, and fince he has been under thekfliofthe
royalifts and republicans, as alfo all thofe whofe reli-
gious * opinions he did not promote* fo that his enemies
have been innumerable.
His coufia Waller, dr. (afterwards bifliop) Spratt,
and many other of the fineft pens, offered up to him
the incenfe of flattery, in a very liberal manner. Soon
after his death S. Carrington, efq. publifhed the hiftory
of his life and death * 5 and, at the fame time, was
printed the unparallelled monarch ff the portraiture of
his.royal highnefs Oliver % j mr. Maidftone, his fteward,
*lfo gave an account of the protedtor || j as did pne
who was a groom of his bed-chamber, a colle&ion of
* London, iamo. l659> * mean performance.— It was dedicated ta
his moft ferene highnefs, Richard, lord protector of the common-
wealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and the dominions and
territories thereunto bcloqging. In this dedication, he fays, ' I dnrft
* not puhliih fo glorious a work to the world, before I had craved your
* highnefs's pardon for my rafhnefs, in adventuring . to trace thofe
1 vigorous lineaments in the Alexander, whom veui highness so
* well ressmblith, and in whom your highnefs beareth fo great a
* part/ In the poftfeript to the preface, he fays, ' Reader, he pieafed
« to take notice, that this hiftory is tranflating into five other languages ;
* it is in French, ready for the prefs. The other tranflations in other
< parts of the world, being in fuch forwardnefs, as that they will be
* fpeedily extant.' Probably the Cromwell family were ruined, and
the prefs ftopt, before the french edition was finiihecL
f London, 1 2 mo. 1659. J 12010*1659. fl London, 410. 1659.
i
feveral
ILLUSTRATIONS. 5S1
feveral pafiages, concerning his late highneft, in the time
of his ficknefs*. Henry D'awbeny gave his parallel to
Mofes*. the man of God, dedicated to his mod ferene
highnefc, Richard, by the grace of God, lord protestor of
England, Scotland, and Ireland f. The reverend Francb
Peck, hath, with more propriety, publifhed three
panegyricks of Oliver, with tranflations, and many
curious notes J. All thefe were written when the Crom-
wells were upon ' the throne, and are highly in his
praife.
The reftoration made a Vaft alteration in mens'
fentiments 5 or, at leaft, their expreflions : the perfon
who had lately been almoft adored when living, and
beatified when dead, was now loaded with every
calumny : this the loofe cavalier, the ftern republican,
and the ridiculous fanatic alone agreed in; his. memory
was villified, and execrated by them, as the murderer of
their martyred king, as the betrayers of the common,
the good old caufe, and the ufurper of the throne of
king Jefus 1 thefe men a&ed in charader : the moft
.indecent were they who had courted his favour, and
received it, but yet now employed thofe pens that had
* This, and the laft, I never law ; perhaps they are the fame.
f London, jimo. 1659 5 the title-page is too long,— too foolifti, t*
to given.
J London, 4to. 1740.
been
#% PROOF SAND
beat too Iavifh of his praife, in taxing him with eveiy
thing that is accounted wicked and dishonourable
among -men, and this too to pay court to Gaefar:
thefe were a numerous tribe.
Bepth is,. I believe, his firft biographer after the
reftowtion : he was the fon of an exiled royalift, who.
was the king's cutler > he was a netjdy man, and wrote,
and corre&ed books for a maintenance; he is a writer
of the meaneft caft, on all accounts ; his falfhood is
only equalled by his low and fcandalous fcurrulity*.
Mr. Cowley • y/a$ ■ a gentleman 5 he hath examined
Oliver's chara&er, and more impartially than a fuffering
loyalift could well be fuppofed to have done f. Dr.
Bates has elegantly .fpoken of Cromwell; but we car*
rely but little upon the perfon who had the art of
pleafing fuch opppfites as king Charles I. Oliver Crom-
well, and king Charles II. to all of whom he was a
favoured phyfician. J.
* Flagellam, London, izmo; 1663.— It has been reprinted : he al&i
writ a brief chronicle of the late inteftine war, in the three kingdoms, in
four parts.
f London, 12030. 1681.— ■ It is given in the Iaft copy of his works.
% Dr. George Bates's clenchus motuum, Sec. has often been pnblifhcd j
it is divided into two parts ; dr. Heylin took, out fome paflages in the
firft parts ; chancellor Hyde, lord Clarendon, affifted him in the fecond
part $ it has been tranflated.— Thomas Skinner, M. D. has added «
tlitrd part, but very inferior to the two firft.— Dr. Bates died, ax King-*
'ftone-upon -Thames, april 19, 1668, and was there buried. Some of
bis defendants arc, or late were, living.
Lord
ILLU/STRATIQ^S. #J
. Lord Clarendon Has likewife been particular in his ,
relation of OhverY g©yenune»t*s asJtosPtfgdals in,.
his fhort view of the troubles of England f. Sir Philip
"Warwick, in his memoirs J, and. Hobbs, in his behe-
moth^ and, fome otheb of inferior Kna*»e,, that wetc
royaliffis ; and, though feveral of tfceft were hot printed'
till long after, yet they were written Very hrarhk'tiaieff
a*td are generally "Vt*y prejudiced $a»d; as may te>
fuppofed) agamft him : his lortifl^v'fefc the a^ologift^
of king Charles IV we cannot, therefore, be greatiy
farprifed that he condemns ORver-td ev^rlafting per-
dition : fir William Dugdaie was k good man, bat *
this eflky does not (hew him a; good hvftoriau ; it wants
the gr-eateft requifite, impartiality.; indeed, it is die
word of all his works ; and it is a pity that he wrote it,:
it is fo vaftly inferior to his other publications. Sir.
Philip -Warwick was (though a fufferer by), not pre-
judiced againft him 3 he has wrote little, but that little
is very good : the behemoth is father an htftorical
d&Uonary to learn the names of the parties and fac-
tories, into which the nation was fplit, than affording
* Lord Clarendon's hiftory of the civil war has jppcared in many
fizes. •
f Oxford, folio, 168 1. *
X London, 8*0. 1702.— A few copies« ha) a fcrejj preface, wifolt
Way ordered not to be continued.
§ This is both in 12 mo. anil fro.
" a any
3*4 PROOFS AND
any intelligence ; and the writer, though a vifionary in
politics, as well^s religion, was for jure divino. '
The great Hollis, who leaned more to a republic than,
a monarchy, muft have had good information, but is fo
violently carried away by his prejudices againft Crom-
well* with whom he never aggped*, that he has even
denied his being poffefied of courage : I need fay no
more. Ludlow f, who was profefledty a republican, and
had received many favors at his hands, but which could '
never bind him to the intcreft of one who had raifed him-
felf above him, wrote his memoirs purpofely toabufe the
Cromwelian family, Sand though he profeffes to har-
bour no reientments againft, yet every where abufes
them. Coke's detection likewife degrades the chara&er
of Oliver as much as poffible.
- The time at laft came when men durft give their opi-
nion of an intruder into the thrones of thefe kingdoms
witrtout offence to the government, and that becaufe no
danger could then arife to the ftate by impartially difcuf-
fing the fubjedl, therefore, no fooner was Ludlow's two
* Hollis makes Cromwell and lord-chief-juftice St. John the vileil
chara&ers that have difgraced the haman form.
f Ludlow's memoirs was firft printed at Luc em, in Switzerland, 3 vol.
gvo. the two firft in 169S, the third in 1699, the late Thomas Hollis, e%
republifhed thefe memoirs in a pompons manner*
firft
ILLUSTRATIONS. &
firft volumes publiffied, than a Well- written modtft vindi-
cation of Oliver Cromwell, appeared by an anonymous
hand*, who plainly proved that it was as lawful for Oliver
to poffefs himfelf of the throne as it was for the republi-
cans to fet up a new form of government, and deftroy
monarchy; and when Ludlow's third volume made its
appearance, the fame perfon anfwered it in a book, en-
tituled, Regicides not faints, in 8vo.
It muft alfo be remembered that Slingfby Bethel, all
independent, a penurious ^derman o( London, vindi-
cates the republicans, of which party he was+, in his
World's miftake in Oliver Cromwell, upon the ground*
that they had more the intereft of the nation at heart
than Oliver, which it would be difficult to prove; in that
confifted the protestor's principal merit, and in which
they were vcrydefe&ive.
Winftanly has vindicated his highnefs in his 'True
* chara&er of Cromwell %.' 0
* London, 4tof 1698. There was an anfoer to the mode* vindica-^
cation, intituled Ludlow no Lyar, 1692 : it is a pamphlet.
t The World's miftake in Oliver Cromwell, London, 4to, 166S, and I
think other dates.
X There are fome oiher, but inconsiderable lives, or vindications, 0£ the
proteftor Oliver, fuch as the life and death, birth and bnrial, of Olivet
Cromwell, 8vo. ,669. Cnthbert Sydenham, apuritan divine's vindication
« 0»«ver Cromwell, and fir A. Hafiljig from the imputation of John t\U
»rne. This was printed beferefeis aflumption to power
VoU. Cc ^
386 PROOFS AND .
The slbbc Ragucnet, Leti, add fame other foreigners,
have written the hiftory of this celebrated man j but they
-are rather romances, with forne few fa&s, interfperfed
throughout, than real hiftories.
Whitlock's memorials of Engliih affairs, which is a
plain narrative of fa&s, fecretary Thurloe's, Milton's,
BroghuTs, the duke of Ormond's, and lord Clarendon's
ftate papers, with Rufhworth and Nalfon's collections,
all of which are in general incontrovertable evidences of
the hiftory of thefe times, &nd confequently have given
infinite fatisfaflion ; of thefe dr. Gibfon*, mr. Banks,
and mr. Harris have availed themfelves j thefe, with the
life of the proteflor Oliver, given in the biographia bri-
tanhica, and other biographical books, are all I think that
are worth much attending to, and have defervedly gone
through various editions. The hiftory of Oliver's pro-
tectorate, is to.be found in thofe of England publifibed
ilnce that time, particularly by Baker's continuatcr, Bur-
net, Rapin, Carte, Oldmixon, NeaPs hiftory of the pu-
* Dr. Gibfon, afterwards bifhop of I^ndon, is fuppofed to hate poWifhed
the life ef Qliver Cromwell* lord prote&or of the commonwealth of Eng-
land, Scotland, and Ireland, and which has gone through many editions*
there was an alliance between his lordfliip's family and thatof theCromwells,
which fome fay, is the gfcateft reafon to fuppofe him the author of the book ;
bat it has hid other fathers, as Kimber • and M. Morgan, gent, has had the
audacity to p« his name to an imperfect copy of this Work, which he calls
the fifth edirbon<
rittuisj
1 1 t XJ $ T R A T< I 6 N S. j^
fitans, hiftory of England during the Stuarts, Hume;
Smollet, and Grainger ; the 'latter is inimitable in his?
characters*
John Vincent** fir James Barro\frf» Aii Brookes jv
mr. tufon, dr. Gibbons §, and others have written of
his family* and particularly his defendants/
Thu3 have I dire&ed my reader how to fully examind
the hiftory and character of this great man 5 adding to
thefe, fome of the hiftories of the civil wars, or part of
then*, before Oliver became fovereign, as dr. Bruno,
Ryve's mercurius rufticus||, Jofiah Ricr&ft's furvey of
. » ' »
* Vincent's MS. was ufcd by the author of the article Oliver Crom-
well in the biographia britannica.
f Sir janes Barrow has publifhed, without his name, in 4to. 1763^
fotne anecdotes and obfervation* relating to Oliver Cromwell and his family,
faring to rectify fevcral errors concerning Kim) publ idled by NicoI.Cotrin.
Papadopoli; this was only printed for private infpccYion, and not for the
(ye of the public ; part of it appeared in the gentlemen's magazine, for
•Member, 1767. 4
t Dr. Brookes arid mr. Lufon, hare written concerning th#ArotecWate
Wily of Cromwell, particularly of mrs. Bendy Ih, the granoVughter of
Oliver. Thefe particulars are in Hughes's letters, and given in d^ London
fogiaine for 1774 and 1775, with many other carious obfertations and!
information refpeeling the Cromwells.
§ Dr. Gibbons's fermon preached upon the death «f William Cromwell,-
■**• to which is fubjoined, a genealogy and anecdotes of the CromwelJi.
I I Printed in 8vo» in 1646, 1683, and 1685.
[ Cca England's
383 P R O O F S A N D
England's champions, and Truth's faithful patriots*, lord
Fairfax's memoirs, England^ recovery, or the hiftory
of the army under theconduft of fir Thomas Fairfax i,
memoirs of a cavalier J, and fom§ others of inferior note,
which give fome of hisfirft military aftions.
Walker's hiftory of the independants§; May's hiftory
of the parlement, may alfo be examined : the firft was
a moderate monarchift, the latter a reaibnahle anti-
royalift ; and there are an innumerable fry of pamphlets,
of all forts, from which fbme little may be learnt,
but they muft be read with caution. Prynne, Cleve-
land, Withers, Lilly, Wfldman, Flatraan, and Need-
ham ||, were the principal fquib writers during the
troubles :
* Ricraft wis a London merchant, his book was published in 16471 in
Sro. it is very fcarce.
f Fo. 1647. J 8y0.
§ London, 4to. 1648.— Poor Walker fell a martyr to the troths he
told : Oliver locked him up In the Tower, from whence he ncrer
returned.— H» was a deep-fighted man, and plainly faw the future
fotereign in the lieutenant-general.— There is a (mall book that relates to
the fubjeft, arbitrary government difplayed, in the tyrafmick urarpaticR
of the rump parliament, and O. Cromwell, by • perfon of honour- -
London, iamo. 1683. Jw fatirical plates are its greater* merit.
|| Pryrae was a prefbyterian moderate royalift, bot his diflatisfaflinn
to every thing, was %he caufe of much paper being fpoilt : Clere!«>4
was a loyalifr, in a time when it was a dangerous virtue. Withers ctco
dared to tax both Oliver and Richard, the protesters, with tyranny, ie
t papers
ILLUSTRATIONS. 389
troubles : there feemed no end to their fcribbling ;
each week brought out papers, under various names,
which we're the fcandal of the day ; for, if news
there were none, the paper wasr eafily jilled with fcur-
rility. Sometimes it may be of ufe to perufe them j
but it would be a painful thing to examine this- trafli :
luckily they are fo difficult to be obtained, that you
feldom meet with them; they have been pretty much
handled by the huxters. — This fubjeft has kept me
too long j I ftand in need of pardon myfelf ; I cannot
however, but lament, that Cafawbon declined Oliver's
liberal offers to write his hiftory,
papers which he delivered, fealed up, into their own hands; and this
fcveral times, yet efcaped punifhment. Lilly, the pretended aftrologift,
engaged, as he himfelf fays, foul and body in the parleaent's intereft;
hot deferted ihem for the Cromwelian, and wiihed well to the royalifti
at the reftoratioo ; he fpeaks of the rapacity of the republicans, with;
greater acrimony, than of any other party , bat it was when they were
turned out by Oliver. Major Wiidman was a good, but fevere writer 1
firft againft the royalifts, then againft Cromwell ; but was obliged to
defift for fear of incurring the punifhment the ufurper threatened him
with $ he did more, he wrote privately for hinu Needham was a
favourite writer of the royalifts; but fear of ruin, and hopes of gain,
made him firft a fecret, and then an open writer and betrayer of their
caufe, for which Oliver allowed him zool. per annum.
C c 3 LETTER S
590 PKGPF-8 AND
LETTERS CC
■THHpRE are no original portraits of the protector t
Oliver, except by Cooper, Walker, Vandyke,
and fir Peter Lilly j and they, we niay fuppofe, have
given h»s features exa&ly • for, ivhen he fat to the
latter, he jnfifted upon his being faithful * in reprefehfc-
* ing every blemiih, or defe#, that he could difcover la
* his face/
The following lift of engraved portraits of Oliver,
jure extracted chiefly from the late ingenious mrf
Grainger's biographical hiftory of England^ to which
I have added fome remarks of my owjif
Oliver Cromwell, &c. lieutenant-general ; Jooft
Hartgers, exp. 8vp. Oliverius CromwelJ, exercitun*
angltcae republicae generalis locum tenens, gubernator
Hiberniae, &cP P. Aubrey, 4to.
Oliver Cromwell, lord protefior, &c. from a rood
$accellent limning, by Samuel C<joper, in the poflfeffion
pf fir Thomas Frankland, knt. 1653, G. Vertue, fc.
engraved for Rapin's hiftory. Ther? is another, from
the fame original, in 8vq. by Vertue,
f Oliver Cromwell ; Cooper P. Houbraken, fct
* In the collection of fhe duke pf Devonfhire $ illuft,
f ftead, profile,*
TO*
ILL U ST* AT:iO V S. 391
This, though a fine engraving, is generally fuppofed
to be unlike Cromwell $ perhaps owing to the original's
: being taken fame fhort time before his death,
« Oliver Cromwell, &c. P. Lely, p. 1653* J- Faher,
*f. 1740. E. colle&ione, W. Poulet, gep. h. fli.
* mexz*'
'.Oliver Cromwell* Lely P. Faber, f. ih. mezz.
* From a pifture in the colle&ion of lord James. Ca->
* vendtth.*
, * Oliverius Cromwell,. &c (Walker, p.) Lorabart,
« fc. His fon Richard is reprefented tying on his fcarf j
.* b. ih, . There is a copy of this by Gay wood/
* Mr. Evelyn, who personally knew Cromwell,
* informs us, in the numifmata, that this print is the
* ftrongeft refemblance of him. That gentleman* who
* ftudied phyfiognomy, fancied that he read' " chara€^
<c ters of the greateft diffimulation, boldnefs, cruelty,
"and ambition, in every touch and ftroks qf his
<fc charter/'
In the note mr. Grainger fays, c the original piflure
1 was certainly in the poffeffion of the earl of Bradford,
*in 1739. The figure, which I am pcrfuaded is
* Richard Cromwell, has been called Lambert. Is it
* probable, that Lambert feould be painted tying on
C c 4 Olives
p* 1IOOFI AND "
> Oliver's fcarf ? or, if it were, is it confident with
. * probability, that he fliould be reprefented fo young ?
' I fay nothing of the features, which are feen, at
4 the firft glance, to be more like Richard's than
* Lambert's. I am allured, from unquestionable au-
' thority, that a copy, or repetition, of this pidurt,
1 done by the fame painter, and deemed an original,
' was called Oliver, and his for* Richard, in the earl
* of Kinooul's family, at Duplin, in Scotland, A
* copy of the fame original, by Ricbardfon, at Stow,
1 was called Cromwell, and his page t, and, I think,
* this page has been faid to be fir Peter Temple."
There is a piflure of the lamp at Checker's, the feat
of fir John Ruffel, where they call it Oliver and his
page, fir Peter Temple. In mr, Hollis's life be is
called Richard Temple, and I think juflly,
« Oliverius Cromwell ; R. Walker, p. P. Pelham,
' exc. 1723 ; h. fh. mezz.
*• Oliver Cromwell j Walker, p. Faber, f. 410. mezz.1
* Oliver Cromwell ; Walker, p. careat fucceffibus,
i opto. h. fh. mezz.'
* Oliver Cromwell ; Walker, pf Picart, fculp, diz.
(fculpturum direjdtj 1724, 4to/
Ferdinand II. grand duke of Tufcany, who, after
Jjayipg felt the weight of the protedors vengeance,
% not
ILLDSTH ATI ON S. ^
not only courted his friendftup whilft living*, but,
refpeding his memory when dead, defired'hisrefident
in London, ta procure him the beft original pifture
of Oliver lhat he could $ who applied to a lady, a
relation of the protector's, who had a fine painting*
by Walker: (he (unwilling to part with- the portrait,
and not defirous of difpleafing a fovereign prince)
aiked five hundred pounds for it ; but, to her great
furprize, the money was immediately paid, and th£
piece feut to Florence, where it hangs in the old
palace, amongft the illuftrious geneTals *.
The refident knew, before this purchafe, the value-
his matter had for Cromwell's character ; and, con-
fequently, how acceptable a good likenefs of hhri
would be ; wherefore, he fcribed a perfon in the
palace, that had accefs to the protector's corpfe, to
permit a perfon to take off a model, in plafter oF
Paris, and that onry a few minutes after his higrmetVs
diflblution. A cart, wrought from this mould, is now'
in the Florentine gallery. Laflels does not mention
it in his travels ; and, probably, it was not expofcd
fo fooa after the reftoration, for fear of giving offence.
The Medici had once, to their forrow, known the
* For a long time Oliver's portrait had no other englifti generals
to accompany it, except Thomas, earl of Oflory ; but now we have
Applied them, with fcvccal ethers, especially k\\t duke of Marlborough.
power
394 PROOF, SAND
power of the britifli lion ; but finding Charles II. no
Cromwell, the bull was fct up again, Breval obferves
of it, * that there is fomething more remarkably
* flrong and expreffitve in it, than in any pi&ure,
4 or buft, of that ufurper, he had ever feen.' Lord
Corke, in his difcription of it, remarks, c that it bears
* the ftrongeft chara&eriftics of boldnefs, fteadinefs,
* fenfe, penetration, and pride ;* and, therefore, dif-
believes it being done after his death ; for, adds his
tordfhip * the mufcles are flrong, and lively, the look
* is fierce and commanding ; death finks the features,
* renders all the mufcles languid, and flattens every
* nerve,' However, the earl is certainly miftaken;
as mr. Grainger thinks; who fays, l I have fejen the
« cbaratfefijlic head of Henry VIL at Sirawberry-fciH,
* which is unquestionably a cafl from a mould, wrought
* off from that politic prince's face, prefently after his
* deceafe, and a model for lu3 monumental effigy,
* in Weftminfter-abbey, am inclined to diflent from
* the earl of Corke. It feems to be fuch a representation
1 of him as Raphael would have drawn the moment
4 he expired*/ I myfelf have frequently beer* furprizecj
at the features of pcrfons when dead, who have more
refembled themftlvts, than they have for a confiderable
time before their deaths \ the only reafon for it, that
* Mr, Grainger, in another part of kit work, acknowledges that the
caft of the model of Henry VII/i head was taken off when that ptioc*
Wl* living,
I know
I L LUST RATIO lis; 395
•I know of is, their being releafed from ficknefs and
pain, the feature* take their ufual ferene appearance.
■The baronet family of Ruflefl are in poffeffion of a
wax-malk of Oliver, which is fuppbfed to have been
taken off when he was living;
1 Oliverius Cromwell j Wandeck, (Vanjyck) p. G>
* Lombard fc. large Jh*
4 This is the. print of .Charles Laud the Jvppp/ed
4 duke of Efpernon, The face of. Charles is altered tb
* that of Cromwell.' ...
4 Oliver Cromwell, neatly and exa&ly etched, by
4 Br ether ton, from tie piclnre given bf mr. Hollis to
* Sidney college* in Cambridge, 4*0.'
Mr. Hollip fentit^ jan, 15, 1765: in that gentle-
man's papers, underneath the memorandum of his
having given this pidure to the college, were thefe
lines :
4 1 freely declare it, I am for old Noll, ' '
4 Though his government did a tyrant refemble ;
4 He made England great, and her enemies tremble.*
Mr. Hollis had a line original drawing of Oliver,
by Cooper, as large as life, which he alfo purchafed.
The picture in Sydney college is faid to Tiave a
terrific afpefl ; and that his danifh majefty, after con-
templating the picture with attention, exclaimed 4 il
4 rn«
r
3^6 .; 9 9iOi>fS TAITD
mc feir.penrft' The chafaftcf, xtfwt th*n the looks,
operated* pspbahjyy ;upop hi$ wind r in ray opinion
there is all tb^ t/jait* of his great aijd various character
exprefled hi ihapprUait ; . and,, amoagft the others, an
enthufiaftic courage, but there- is nothing- terrific; that
fiiits better with the faces of bold, barbarous princes, of
tlic Ottonian face, given iti the'ir lives, by Ricour.
V >. Olivedib poinds -r ImtkbrHt, j. 4^ ' '
o,1 01iverius,..britannico$. herbs 5 Faitkornt, f. in'
' armour en horfebact, 4to. From the "VFaraMelum Oiwa,
.. .« Oliver Cromwell ; O. C. P. &• ** /& corntrs of the
* /n»f 9 Jb. This portrait was chiefomgwtved by Stepping,
* $r Dotting.9
« Oliver Cromwell, &c, H. P. Paris Boijfeven.
\ Oliver Cromwell, &c. This print which reprefented
the prote&or on horfeback was publicly fold at Paris,
it had thefe lin^d under it.
r Cernimus hie omni caput admirabife mundo?
Regibus hie frater ; ^populis pater, hoftis mukum,
Nuliiua ille timet quam fummi huminis arma, '
Quis dubitat facro hoc, fi perat Flamine Vi&oiv
Quod Reges, Popiili, Barbariefque ftupent,
Barbariem, vera religions domat
Non timet at pacem cuilibet effe parat:
Quin fubita Meretrix de Babylone cadet.
Which
ILLUS TRATI6N S. 397
. . Which has been rendered thus :
We know that face, which all with wonder fee;
. Brothers to kings, parent to nations, he
Unmov'd all foes beholds ; nor feafs, feve one,
The Lord of hofts. on his celeftial throne*
Who doubts, victorious, over all who rife,
Where .armies reach, or where bis navy flies,
Kings, dates; nay barbarous lands, {hall own his fwa}%
And to his equal Jaws obedience pay';
By true religion led> he'll fares his foe*
To figh for quiet, andbefeech repofe ; 4
Then when this work by his great hand is done, J
Tremble thou fcarlet wfiore in Babylon *. *
* Olivet
* Thefc lines remind me of thofe that were under a pi&ure of Oliver's,
which was brought by a gentleman on tuefday, miy 17, 1653, in his car-
riage, and placed it upon oae of the pillars of the exchange; when hav»
ing walked two or three turns there, he returned in his coach. Above
the picture was, ' Tis 1/ and under it thefe lines :
Afcend three thrones, great captain and 'divine,
By the will of God *, O lyonj for they're thine ;
Come prieft of God,. bring oil, bring robes, bring gold,
Bring crowns and fceptres ; 'tis high time t' unfold
Your cloifler'd bags, ye ftate cheats, leaft the rod
Of fteel and iron, of this your king and God
Pay in's wrath with inter eft : kneel and pray,
To Oliver the torch of Sion! the ftar of day ! Y
Shout, then, the merchants, city, and gentry ling,
And all bare-headed cry, God fave the king*
Alluding to his arms.
After
598 PROOFS AND
c Oliver Cromwell, protedeur van England, &c. targt
* Oliver Cromwell 5 Rambattt Vandan^ Hoeye txe* en
c bcrfiback j largijb:
' Oliver Cromwell , Scgerdt tiebnans ext* on borfe-
1 back , largijb:
«• Oliver Cromwell, Milord prote&eur, &c* on horfe*
« fc»rf.'
« O. Cromwell, the late prote&or ; on baffeback, \to.*
* Oliver Cromwell ; B. Moneormtj exc. ±to!
* Oliverius Cromwell 5 Coenard Waumenty fc. %to?
* Oliver Cromwell ; P. a Gunfi fc< largijb:
' Oliver lord protestor ; began bis government ^ ifc*
« Oliver Cromwell, infcribedQ. C. a f mall oval rruzz.*
* Oliver Cromwell : with an engraved border, wbub
4 is from a different plate-, Stents b. Jh.9
•Oliver Cromwell; T. Jenner, /. 4*0.'
4 Cromwell, my lord protedleur, &c. a Fnncb prints
&:
After the exchange was over, it was taken down, and broaght to the
lord mayor, who, that afternoon , ptefented it to th,e lord general himfelf
at Whitehall. It was fuppofed, fays the biograpbia, that Oliver himfelf,
Caofed this to be exhibited at the Exchange, to try how far the people
would approve of his taking the title of king.
Peck's collection of divers curious hiftorical pieces, from dr. Nai-
rn's MS.- collections, communicated by dr. Zac. Grey.
« Olive*
ILLUSTRATIONS, 39$
4 Oliver Cromwell , oval, beads of king David, Solo*
€ mon, Alexander \ and Cafar, at the corners of the print,
* 12/720.'
* I do not (fays mr. Grainger) remember to have feeri
* more than two proofs of this fine print : mr. Walpole
4 has one, and Mr. Gulfton another. Mr. Bull has the
f original drawing j the face was altered to that of king
' William.'
' Oliver Cromwell ; inferibed ** Tvrannus." Perfidy
* and Cruelty crowning him with a wreath of vipers, 4/0.*,
1 This is before the " Life of Agathocles, the tyrant of
u Syracufe," i2tno. It is placed there as the portrait of
Agathocles, but it is apparently that of Cromwell.
Oliverius Cromwell, &c. u Sat do&us verfare dolos."
Beneath the oval is the head of Charles L and feveral other
heads of the royatijls, who were executed.
Mr. Grainger fays ' the following anecdote is related
* by dr. George Hicks — A gentleman came to Oliver to
* beg a lock of Charles's hair, for an honorable lady,
" Ah ! no, fir," faith Cromwell, burfting into tears,
c< that mull not be, for I fwore to him, when he was
" living, that not a hair of his head fhould perifh/'
ik Some difcourfes on dr. Burnet, and dr. Tillotfon."
p. 25. — It is an improbable tale
* Cromwell i
4ao PROOFS AND
« Cromwell ; a whole length, with a crown on his
'his head. Before bis char after" izmo.
4 Another whole length of him, which reprefents him in
c a fright* with colonel Titus's pamphlet in his hand9 and
* fur rounded with his guards. Beneath the print, which is
% poorly engraved^ is the author' s addrefs to him9 h.Jb.9
4 The letters of mr. Hughes, &c. vol. ii. p. 308, it
' is faid, that the beft pi&ure of Cromwell is that which
* was in the pofleffion of fir Robert Rich, at Rofe-Hall.
* At fir Thomas Frankland's, in Old Bond-ftreet, is ano-
* ther portrait of him, with the crown hanging over the
* arms. Deffau carried this picture to Portugal, where it
' was bought by fir Thomas Frankland.'
* There is in the pofleffion of the rev. dr. Edward
* Cooper, of Bath, a portrait of Cromwell, which belonged
c to the commiffioner Whitlock*.' Mifi Cromwells of
Hampftead, have an original portrait of their great ancef-
tor, half length, and a fmall onyx, with the profile of Oli-
ver's head, by Symons. At lord Vane's feat of Carefwall
Caftle, is another picture of Cromwell, a three quarter's
length, refting upon an helmet, painted when he was
quite in the decline of life, and oppreffed with a multi-
plicity of cares and misfortunes, which are vifibly ex-
* Thus far mr. Grainger has been my guide, an^whofe words I have
exa£Uy made ufe of as much as I could.
preffed
ILLUSTRATIONS. 401
prefled in the countenance 5 the late fir JohoRuffell, feart.
had a miniature pi&ureof the proteftor Oliver. Hanbury
Williams, efq. has a good portrait of tbe oldeft pupte&ar : it
is a remarkable fine painting, and the colors are very warm
and ftrong ; it exhibits his highnefs to the knees, his hair is
grey, he is reprefented in armour, holding a truncbion in
his right hand, and his left refts upon an helmet, which J3
placed near a pilafter, upon the fhaft of which are the arms
of the common wealth, with his own proper arms upon
a coat of pretence, and his motto round the {hid<k
c Pax quaeritor bello, i^S,' the whole crowned with an
imperial crown ; die back ground has a view of a caftle
and horfemen, with a more diftant view of a calm fea
with flxipsj it is a fine piece, but the painter's name is
unknown ; there is every r?afon to fuppofe this an origi-
nal portrait, and as fuch it is invaluable. There is alfo a
a three-quarter portrait of him, in Huntingdon, at the
houfe in which he was horn; it hangs on the rigjit
fide of the chimney-piece, in the hall.
Oliver's medals, coins, and feals were all chiefly en-
graved by the inimitable Symons*. There were fome few
* Thomas Symons wis patroniied by Oliver ; lie farik dyes for feveral
*aUli of bju* before ftp .arrived jcfovereign power, after which he gats
*'* • grant, or appointment, to the office of chief engraver, and medat-
miker ; it bears date july 9, 1656, and is given at full length in the third
volume of the antiquarian repertory, connanicattd by aj, AiUe.
Vol.1. Dd medals
€
40* PROOFS AND.
medals ftruck abroad, particularly in Holland, if not fome
coins*, but thefe were chiefly from dies made by Sy-
mons i foine however are genuine Dutch, the moft cele-
brated is :
« Oliver Cromwell j a medallion^ inferibed, <fc Olivar.
<* D. G. R. P. An. Sco. Hibernia, Proteffor." Reverfe,
* Cromwell with his bead in Britannia's lap, bis back-
*ftde bare ; French and Spanijb ambajfadors. The laU
* ter attempts to kifs his back/ide, but is pulled back bj the for-
mer, with thcfe words inferibed, « Retire toi,l'honneur
•«* apartient au roi, mon maitre :" i. e. " Stand of* tbat
" honor belongs to the king my mafter V
The medallion is alfo engraved in the " Hiftoire mo
w talique de la republique de Hollande."
« The fingle print is very rare; mr. Walpole* (as mr.
Grainger fays, from whom I have taken the account)
4 has the medallion from which it was taken ; both theft
* I have been informed that Cromwell had fomc of his money ftruck
in Holland j and I am the more ready to believe it, as an ingenious fo-
reigner fome time fincc, fold me fome of his money, which he purchafed
in Holland, where he likewife heard the fame account The pieces I hid
were the crown, half-crown, and flailing, all of which were, I am 'certain,
ftruck either from the dyes of Symons, or others fo exa&ly copied fro*
them, that there was not any difference that could poffiWy be difcoierd.
f Mr. Grainger in a note informs his readers, that ' there is an hM*
« tfcal print of Cromwell'* iaTcftiturcj or inauguration, by Hollar/
4 arc
I L h U'S.T RAT I an S. 403
* are fometimes to be met with in the hands of die cu-
c rious in Holland.'
There is a fmall medal with the fame obverfe, and
reverfe, which, I think, was copied from this, a few.
years ago in England,; one of Which I have feen.
It appears, fays a letter in Thurloe's ftate papers^
(which letter was intercepted) that a print of Cromwell
was handed about abroad, and even publicly expofed to
fale at the Pont Neuf, in Paris, which reprefcnted him
upon a clofe ftool, with the king of France on the right
hand, and the king of Spain on the left, each offering a
fupply of paper, as the prefent <xcafion required *.
* It is impoflible to fuppofe the meannefs that botn the kings of France
and Spain Wed to win the rriendfcip of Cromwel^ his very name was
terrible to them.* It is £i£ that he obliged the-hjNghty Lewis XIV. to
fign his name after his; it is certain that he would not receive the title of
coufia from that king, but expe&ed that of brother The obliged all nations
to pay his ambafladors the fame honors they had done when the kingdoms
were governed by kings, faying, it was the nation, not the perfons of the
kings to whom the re(pe# had been paid : the whole world trembled at his
name ; cardinal ^ azarine declared he was more afraid of him than of the
devil j the pope ordered proceifions to be carried about to avert the thuhdet
of his cannon from reaching. Rome; the duke of Savoy was commanded
to put a flop to the maflacre of his protectant fubjec*ls ; no fooner did the
mandate reach him, than he obeyed ; the ftubborn dutch' were all fubmiffion
to him; Sweden took uncommon pains to obtain his alliance; he treated
Denmark and Portugal with excefs of haugatineft; ill Italy, with the
ftates of Africa, ftood in awe of him, after he had fo fe* crcly pupiihed thtic
infolenee for the deportations they had committed upon brittfh iWps.
Dd* Vertue
& fSLOOVS A N D . "
- Vettud has *»gra*ed all Sytatttiite medals, coins, and
fcals of the Cromwells*; his coins are alfo engraved by
Perry, in the plates publiflied by the fociety of antiqua-
ries* in,LoAd(MH and by Smelling, ihhis view of the
gold, filver, and copper coinages of England, with all the
. proof pattern pieces (truck in dm kingdom; his medals
are likewife given by that gentleman, amongft the other
Englifhones.
L,$ TTERi DD>
J Utter oftheprot'efar O&ver'i &b&l*Kfirm JifflW/
fate papers, and alfo given in Harris's life ofthepn-
• iefor Oliver* tywbkb her ng^S^^Svhmi3Mt<k
ike protestor is proved; 'and as4i is the mly m fin print
*f this ladtfs* itisdeferyingoplace here.
Mydearift, ... ,.,„ ' '
' - Befemfeer the 17, K50.
Wonder yoy fhpuld blame me for pot writing nowe
oftnir, when I*ave fent thre for one ; I canenot but
thenk they ar mifcand. Truly if I knog my one hart
1
* Mifs Cromwells areinfoffeflion of itriatoguUr fed of Oftreft, en.
Cftvea hySymotui, wkh hwxjpter* hisuft.l«rii»,t*4inother ft*!, wi*
the federal gartering* he coaH bear. Thfc \m m. Willi** Cromwell
had two hroa* feah of Olivet. Hollis'slifc* ^j
ILLB4TRATI "O'tf 5. **£
Ifliould afe fdune ncglcft myfclf afc to the laft thought
towards you, hoe in douingof it I muft doe it myfclf; but
when I doe writ, my de^r, I fflc^oiqe hayp any fatisfa&ore
anfer, wich makfe me t;henk my writing is flig^ed, as
well it mae; but Iqannof but. thenk yoyr. love woenejgy
weaknifis and infirmetis* I fhould jejoys to hear yoqr
defire in feeing me, but I defire to fubmit to the provi-
dens of God, howping the Lord, houe hath feparated us^
and heth oftune brought us together agane, wil in heis
good time breng us agane, to the prafe of heis name.
Truly, my lif is but half a lif in your abfeinfe, deid not
the Lord make it up in heimfelf, which I muft ackno-
lcg to the prafe of heis grace. I would yow wauld thenk
to writ fometime to yoiir deare frend lord Tchef juftes, of
horn I have oftune put you in mind ; and truly my
deare, if you would thenk of what I put you in mind of
fume, it might be of as much purpos afe othtirs, writting
fumetimes a letter to the prefedeht, and fometimes to the
fpeiker. Indeid, my deare, you cannot thenk the rorig
you doe yourfelf in the whant of a letter^ though it Were
but feldome. I pray thenk of, and fob rfeft yours in all
feithfidnife,
w ■ '
ELIZ. CROMWELL.
I)d3 . LETTER?
«* . .PROtO.F5«\ AND. .
V- L E T T da S EE.
HH H E royalifts, who had a particular averfion to her
"*• highriefs Elizabeth, the prote&refs, as the wife of
their great enemy, have charged her with being guilty of
intrigues with gentleman ; a crime, which her time of
life, and indifferent perfon, feem to amply exculpate her
from : but if thefe do not, Her modefty and proper car-
riage, as a wife, entirely do.
-• The author of a fhamefully indecent pamphlet, en-
titled, ' News from the new -exchange, or the common-
* wealth of ladies* drawn to the life, in their feveral cha-
* rasters and concernments : printed in the year of wo-
c men without grace, 1650/ fpeaking of this lady, fays,
c to bring up the rear of the nine, enter the incomparable
.' Jady of an old low-country colonell, by name Crom-
* well, who. hath run through moft of the regiment,
* both officers and foldiers. Since her coming into Eng-
* land* (from Ireland) * fhe hath traded never a jot the
* lefle in the low-countries/ In the fong of the fale of
religious houihold ftuff, given in dr. Piercy's loyal fongs,
the fame infinuations are thrown out againft her in this
verfc0
Here's
ILLUSTRATIONS. 407
Here's Joan* Cromwell's kitchen-ftuff-tub,
Wherein is the fat of the jumpers,
With which ol4 Noll's horns fhe did rub,
When he was got drunk with falfe bumpers.
The' romancer, Leti, has indeed particularized one of
her loVers,* and 'Which was a very extraordinary one,
being no lefs a perfon than the right reverend, the
lord archbifhop of York} but fortunately for this
lady's reputation (if fuch a fabler as Leti deferves the
leaft regard) archbiihop Williams was not ever in a ca-
pacity to injure any hufband's honor f.
LETTERS FF.
/TP* HE enemies of the Cromwell family have not only
-*» taxed the prote£trefs, Elizabeth, with gallantry,
but with the love of drinking to excefs; the author of
* I have elfewhere obferved that the royallfts's in derifion called her
highnefs Joan, though her sane was Elizabeth*
f The archbifhop. by a fall when a boy, injured himfelf fo much, that
he was incapacitated to commit the crime of adultery. What Leti has
laid refpt&ing this, is equally true, with what he has averred, that the pro-
te&or Oliver and the primate were relations, becaufe Williams was the
fir ft family name the CromwcUs took.
D d 4 * news
.J*
40S PROOFS AND :
4 new* from the New Exchange, fee. fays, flic loves
> wine, and of all wine, fack, and <in glaffcs, and of
v all gWfes, beer glaffet t (he is comptroller of the
* club among the ladies ;' and* continues ho, ' Ihe is
4 honoured wkh the title of lady governefle to the
c three tlluArious fiflier- worthies, wftrfs ,-Mehnn,
'fliiftris Harris, and niifixis Campbell : her chief
•* defign is to reconcile and compofe all differences
* betwixt the former $ and, when thefe four are
> together, there will be a ibciety for the devil?
* (the ideyillttovesn)' ' their maxim beiag this,
* They're foolcs* that will not thefe examples follow,
1 And, once a week, meet at the Great Apollo V *
I have given this, and the former article, only to
fcew the malice of this lady's enemies, and to
effeflually vindicate an injured character: for this
defamer is thus fpoken of by one of his own party;
who, in the perfon of the earl of Pembroke, leaves
him this legacy : * Item, To the author of the libel
•againft the ladies, called news From the Exchange,
* I give three-pence for inventing a more obfecne way
♦offcribblingthan the world yet knew; but, fine*
♦ This writer fays, the prote&refs gave very lewd toift, ,»d tta(j«
fuitable comments uPen them, but ais Unguals too iufecent to U
copied,
Mie
ILLUSTRATIONS. 409
' he throws what's rotten and falfe on divers names of
* unblemifhed honor, I leaye his payment to the
^ footman that paid fir Henry Mildmay's arrears, to
ft teach him the difference 'twist wit and dm, aidf
*• to know ladies that are .noble and chafte from
4 downright roundr heads V .
Her highaefs,icrflead of thefe criminal pleafures.
Items to have employed her time in the fuperurtend-
ance of her family ; and, when {be unbent her mind
from thpfe Cares, her amufements partook, in a great *
meafure, of the religious enthufiafm of the age ; ftrdiy
probably, as what the ambaffaddrs of Holland mention
when they -were entertained by the protefior'at
dinner, upon the peace between the two common-
wealths : after the repaft (during which there was
muCc) the lord prote&or took them * into another.
1 room, where the lady prote&rice, and others, carao
* to us, where we alfo had mufic and voices, apd.a
* pfalm fung, which his highnefs gave them t.' Very
unlike this to the pleafures thefe ihamelefs proftitute*.
writers pretend f •
LETTERS
• The will of the earl of Pembroke, i great parliamentarian.— .He
was a Very difagreeable character.— Butler's pofthumoos works.
f Thurloe's ftate papers:— the letter is dated april 12, 1654. '
J Heath, in his flagellum, fays, the protector Oliver, was a great
lorer of wufic, and entertained thofe that were molt flu I led in ir, aa
well
#o PROOFS AND
LETTERS GO.
np H E pretectal** Elizabeth, certainly was not
happy in her perfon ; thi° may be feen by
her portrait. Mr. Cowley, in his Cutter of Coleman-
ftreet, has made himfelf merry with the ordinarinefs
gf her face, by putting 'into Cutter's moiith the fol-
Ipwi^g, as part of his defcription of his friend Worm,
— w he would have been my lady protedrefs's poet ;
4 he writ once a copy in praife of her beauty ; but
4 her highnefs gave for it but an old half-crown
4 piece in gold, what jhe had hoarded up before thefe
4 troubles, and that difcouraged him from any further
4 applications to court.'
i
There is great reafon to fuppofe ihe had a defeft
in one eye, from part of the fong of 4 The coblef s
* laft will and teftament, or the lord Hewfons tranf-
4 lation V
8, My
well is the proficients in every other fcience ; bot then, as thinking he
lias granted direr too much, he compares htm with Saul, who alfo
loved muftc j and that the protestor was niggardly and incompetent in
his rewards ; (hewing, that * private Cromwell yet governed prince
« Oliver.'
* Colonel Hewfon was originally a (hoe-maker, hut rofc in the
parlement army, as well for his hatred to monarchy, as for his prowefs ;
he was of thofe who figned the kind's death-warrant : after that event he
wu
I L L U S T R A T I O ft S. 4:1*
8.
My cufliion will fit queen dowager Cromwell,
Whilft Shiptons wife's prophecy fee. did thumb well.
In chair of fiate, 'twill eafe her burnt well *■
9'
For Oliver thou didft fet me on high,
I aimjd.not at it, though I winkt of an eye,
Yet I wilh not now to come thee nigh.
10. ' '
For fure, e'er this, thoult burn, with thy Nofe,
Which out of thy rioftriPs brimftone throws,
Would thou wer't here to finge my foest.'
was made governor of Dubliu-caftle ; and, as tntereft lead him, was
violent againii the restoration, in Flatman's Don Juan Lambcrto, or
comical hiftory of our late times, by Montelion, knight of the oracle ;
before the fecond part is a figure of this perfon, under the name of tfc©
giapt Hufonio.— The firft edition was in 4-to. Lond. 1661.
* This thought was probably taken from an epitaph, written upon
Cromwell Lea, or Lee, the author of an Italian and Englifh dictionary*
a great humoorift.
Fere lies old Cromwell,
Who, living, loved the bum well f
When he died he gave nothing to the poor,
But half to his baftards, and half to his whore.
Vide fome further account of him in Wood's Ath. Oxonienfis.
f Dr. Piercy's loyal fongs.
LETTERS
*i2 PROOFS AND
LETTERS HH.
A Utter jrm lady Elizabeth Claypole, to the lady of
H. CromwdU as given in Thurlofs Jiatt papers.
Deare Sifter,
T Muft beg your pardon, that I do not right to you
fo oft afe I would doe ; but, in earnift, I have bin
fo extreme fickly of late, that it has made mee unfit
for any thing, ihoye thare is nothing that can plefe
me more, then wherein I maye expres my tru lofe,
and refpekt to you j which I am fuer non has more
refen than my fclf, both for your former fafers, and
the censl you have of any thing, which arifes to me of
happnes. I will aifuer you, nothing of that can bee
to mee, wherein I have not power to expres bow
really I lofe and honnor you. Truly, the Lord has
bin very gratius to us, in doeing for us abofe whot
we could exfpekt ; and now has ihod himfelf more
extraordinary in delevering my father out of the hands
of his enymife, which wee have all refon to be fenfible
of in a very pertikeller manner; for fertingly not
ondly his famely would have bin ruined, but in all
^ probabilliyti the hoi nation would have bin invold
in blood. The Lortf^grant it maye never be forgot
M
ILLUSTRATIONS, 4i»
by ul, but that it may cafe us to depend upon him, from
horn we have referred all good, and that.it may cofe us
to fe the muUblenes of thife things, add to yufe then*
accordingly j I am fuer wee have nede to bage that fperrit
from God. Hary is vary well, I hope you fe him this
fommer. Truly, thare is nothing I defier more, then to
enjoy you with us. I wis you may bye your grat bely
here; I bag my true afficktion to your letel won*
dear lifter,
I am your moft afficktineate fitter
June 12 (1658) and fervant,
C. CLAYPOLE.
This letter was formerly in the pofleffion of William
Cromwell, efq.
LETTERS H.
A litter from 4 Lady Mary Cromwell, to H. Cromwell*
4 major-general of the forces in Ireland.9
Dear Brother,
XT OUR kind leters do fo Jniflh engag my hart to-
wards you# that I can nevgp tell how to exprefs in
writing die tru affe&ion and value I hay of you> wh»
2 truly,
<i4 PROOFS AND
truly* I think, non that knows you but you may juftly
claim it from. I muft confes myfelf in a great fault in
the omiteing of writing to you and your dear wif, fo long
a tim ; but I fuppos you canot be ignorant of the rea-
fon, which truly has ben the only causj which is this
bifnes of my filter Franfes and rar. Rich. Truly I can
truly fay it, for thes thre months, I think our famyly,
and myfelf in perticular, hav ben the grateft confufion
and troble as ever poor famly can be in ; the lord tel
ms his * * * * in it, and fetel us, and mak us what he
would hav us to be. I fuppos you hard of the breaking
of of the bufnefs, and according to your defer in your
laft leter, as well as I can, I will give you a full account
of it, which is thes : after a quarter of a yeor's admitons,
imy fatherand my lord Warwick begon to tret about the
eftate; and it ferns my lord did ofer that that my father
expected. I ned not nam perticulars, for I fuppos you
may hav had it from beter hands : but if I may fay the
truth, I think it was not fo much eftat, as fom private
refons that my father difcovered to n6n but my fefter
Franfes and his own famylie, which was a diflik to tfte
young perfon, which he had from fom reports of his be-
ing a vifious man, given to play, and fuch lik things,
which ofis was done by fom that had a mind to brak of
die match. My fefter hearing thefe things, wos refolvd
to know the truth of it 5 and truly, dued find all the re-
ports to be fal3, that wer raifd of him ; and to tell you
the
ILLUSTRATIONS. <**
the truth, they wer fo niuch cngagd in afe&ion before
this, that (bee could not thenk of breaking of it of ; fo
that my fefter engagd me and all the frinds (he. had, who
truly wer very few, to fpek in her behalf, to my father,
which we deid , but could not be hard to any purpos :
only this, my father promifed, that if he wer (ati$fyed as
to the report, the eftat fhold not brak it of; which (he
was fatisfyed with* But after this ther was a fecond trety,
and my lord Warwick defered my father to nam what
it was he demanded more, and to his utmoft, he would
fetisfy him; fo my father, upon this, mad. new fpropo-
fitions, which my lord Warwick has anfwered as much
as he can : but it feems ther is fiv hundred pounds a
yeor in my lord Riche's hands, which he has power to
fell, and ther are fome people, that perfuad his highneft,
that it would be defonerable for him to conclud of it,
without thes fiv hundred pounds a yeor be fettled upon
mr. Rich, after his father's deth, and my lord Rich hav-
ing no eftem at all of his fon, becos he is not fo bad as
himfelf, will not agre to it; and thes people, upon this,
perfuad my father, it would be a defoncr to him to yeld
upon thes terms, it would (hew, that he wos mad a fool
on by my lord Riche j which the truth is, how it fhould
be, I cant understand, nor very few els j and truly, I
muft teJ you privatelie, that they ar fo far engagd, as
the match canot be brok of. She acquainted non other
frends with her refolution, when (he did it. Dear bro-
ther,
4i6 PROOFS AND
thee; this is as far as I can td the ftat of the Wnefs*
The lord dereft them what to do $ and al I think ought
to beg of God, to pardon her in her dowing of this thing,
which I muft fay truly, fixe was put upon by the
of things. Dear,
let me beg my excufes to my fefter for not writing my
beft refpefts to her. Pardon this troble, and belev me,
that I fhal ever ftriv to aprov myfelf, -
dear brother,
your affedionate fefter and fervant^
Juaei3, 1656. MARY CROMWELL.
LETTERS KS.
A paper relating to thefettlement of the earl of WarwcV i
ejlate* upon his grandfon's marriage with the protelier's
• daughter.
T T is humbly propofed by the earl of Warwick for
"* himfelf, and his fon the lord Ricbe^ and grand-'
child Robert Riche, efq.
That in confideration of 15,000!.* portion, defiredt
of his highnefs with his daughter, the lady Frances,
* Aa author has faid that the protcftor gave his daughters no for*
tones, but we fee with what color of truth; the fortune of 15,0001. was in-
deed beneath the grandeur of a fovereign prince to give with a daughter;
but the prote&or always by his kindnefs to them, and putting them in !*•
crartve places, amply contented and fatisfied his fons-m-Iaw.
that
ILLUSTRATIONS. 417
that the whole entailed eftate of the faid earlr J>eing
about 8000I. per* annum, with Warwick-hottfe, and
the ig or 20 advowfons and vicarages, (hall be forth-
with fettled for the ufe and benefit of the faid earl
for his life, without power to commit wafte; and
thenceforth for th? lord Riche, for his life, but not
to commit wafte ; and thenceforth for the ufe of the
faid Robert Riche, in like manner, for his life ; the
remainder in tail to his iflue male, as the learned
council of his highnefe, and of the faid earl and lord
Riche, flialladvife; fo as the lord Riche may receive
out of the rents and profits of the faid eftate, 1050I.
yearly, during the joint lives of himfelf and the faid
earl ; and the faid Robert Riche, and lady Frances,
may receive soool. yearly, during the faid jpint lives
of the faid earl, and lord Riche ; and 2500L yearly,
from the death of the faid earl, in .cafe he dye. before
the lord Riche ; and 3050I. yearly, from the death of
the faid lord Riche, dying before the faid earl ; and
that the lady Frances, furviving the faid Robert Riche,
may receive 2000I. yearly, during her life, for her
jointure ; and alfo Warwick-houfe, aft^r the death of
the faid earl, and the now countefi of Warwick.—
And that competent provifion (hall be made for main-
tenance of the children of the faid Robert Riche,
and lady Frances, and for portions for their daughters
Vol f. E e and
4ti, moon AND
arid yotiiiger Ibng, iti filch wife as the council of hit
faighntft, and the fcarl, {hal4 think reafonable ; and
that the lord Riche* marryittg With the earl's cohfenr,
inay charge filth pattti of the fcftatt, as (hall be agreed
bpbn$ in the faid fettUrrteat, with a jointure of 500L
£fet anh. during the life of fueh wife Only : and that
the lord Riche may charge other parts of the e&sitc
(n6t exceeding Sort, by the year) for the benefit of
fueh youriger fon, or fobs* as the faid lord Riche
thall leave at his death ; the faid $ool. per ann. to
revert to the faid Robert kiche, atad his heirs males,
for tf arlt of fucri youriger fori, br foris, of the fard
lord Riche ; and that 4000I. of the faid portion, (hall
be paid at thle day of the ftMttriage, for difchargfe of
the debt of the faid lord kiche, ahd With his &ftfe*i ;
find the refidue of the faid portion to be difpofed
*f by die ftid earl.
* Good provifion (ball be made for repairing of
houfes, parks, pales* walls, and fences, and not doing
TOfte! and that, the furniture of the feveral houfes
be preferved, fo as it may come to the faid Robert
Riche, as fiiall be advifed by council.
1
i
And; lafily, soool. a piece for the three daugh^rs
Df the &rd Riche, now living, ftall be raifed out of fe
put of thcTaid eftate, witbia ma grew msi bribing j
and if an^ of Hbcm .die in tbe jwan time, fucb
daughters portion to ht favrd tp* the *fta*eSh .. ,
- L ' WARWICtE;' li
HO. RICHE< '
LJtTJRi -XL. - - -■ ' -
if certificate of the honourable Robert Rich (only Jon of
Robert lord Rich, /on oj Robert earl of Warwick)
his marriage with the lady Frances Cromwell (the lord
proteSois youngejl daughter). Dated 11*. nov. 1657.
Given in Peck's Defiderata Curibfa. No* xiii.
An original (once mr. Oudart's) then in the hangs q{
the editor*
4 TTHE S E are, to cenifie wfcom it .ijaay twmcfnt^ Key. n.
that (according to a late aft of ■pst^Amw^ i&n,
entytuled, An aS touching marriages, and theregiftring
thereof be.) publication was made in the publiqu
meeting place, in the parifh church of the pariflb of
Martins in the Fields, in the county oiMiddleftx, upon
$ree federal Xprds days, at the clofe of the morning
• ThurW« ftate paptri.
E«* • txercifcj
4W PROOFS AND
exerciTe? namely,., upon the xxv. day of oft. mdclviu
as alfoCvupon the u afid viii. days of novembn fol-
lowing, of a marriage agreed upon, betweene the
honorable Robert Rich, of Andrews, Holbotne, and
the right honourable the lady Trances Cromwell^ of
Martins in the Fields, in the county oi MiddUfex. All
which was fully performed, according to the ad,
witbout-exeeption.
In witneffe whereof I have hereunto fet my hand,
the ix. day of november, mdclvik
' WillianfiWilliams, regifter of the parifli
of Martins in the Fields J
Then follows, in the hand of Henry, Scobcll :
c Married xi- novemb. mdclvii. in the prefenccof
his highneft the lord proteftorf the right hon* the
earls of Warwick and Newport (Robert Rich, and Mount-
joj Shunt) Rtbcrt lord Rich, the lord Strickland, and
many other
iBTTBRS
ILLUSTRATIONS. 421
LETTERS MM.
EpijSles from mr. Oliver Cromwell (afterwards proteftor)
to col. Norton, r effecting his J on Richard's marriage,
' Deere Norton,
T Have fent my fonn over to thee,, beinge willingc to
anfwere providence, and although I confeffe I have
had an offer of a very great proportion from a father
of his daughter, yett truly I rather encline to this in
my thoughts, becaufe though the other bee very farr
greater, yett I fee different tyes, and not that affiirance
of godlyhefle, yett indeed fairnefs, I confeffe that which
is tould mee concerning eftate of Mr, M. is mpre then I
can looke for, as thinges now ftand.
If God pleafe to bring itt about, the confideration of
pietye in the .parents, and fuch hopes of the gentlewoc-
man in that refped, make the bufinefie to mee a great
mercy, concerninge w** I defier to waite upon God.
I am confident of thy love, and defier thinges may be
carried with privacie, The Lord doe his will, thats beft,
to wch fubmittinge I reft your humble fervant,
Feb. 25, 1647. O. Gromwell,
For my noble friend Col. Rfchard
Norton, theife.'
E e 3 . • Deere
42* PROOFS AND
* Deere Dick, v
TTT had beene a favor indeed to have mett you heere
at Farnham, but I heere you are a man of great bufi-
nefle. Therefore I fay noe more, if it be a favorfb
the houfe of commons to enjoy you, what is itt to mee?
But in good earneft when wi . . . you and your brother
Ruflel be a lit ... . honeft and attend your charge, fuerly
fo. . [fome] expeft itt, efpecially theg<5od fellowes wh . . .
chofe you.
I have piett wth M* Maibr, wee fpent two or 3 howers
together laft night. I perceave the gentleman is very
wife and honeft, and indeed much to be vallewed, fomc
thinges of comon fame did a little fticke I glad ... *
heard his doubts, and gave fuch anfware as was next att
hand, I beleive to foftie fatisfa&ion, never the leffe I ex-
ceedingly liked the gentlemans plainneffe, and free deal-
inge wA mee. I knowe God has beene above all ill re-
ports, and will in his owne tyme vindicate mee, I have
noe caufe to cumplaine. I fee nothinge but that this
particular bufinefle betweene him and mee may go onn,
The Lords will be donn. For newes out of the north
there is little, only the Mai. partye is prevailinge in the
parto of S. They are earneft for a warr, the minifters
oppofe, as yett.'
Mr.
ILLUSTRATIONS. 42j
Mr. Marfhall i;s returned, whoe fayip fi^, APd
foe doe many of our letters, their great committee
pf dangers have 2 malig.. for one right. Its fayd ^$y
have voted an trirtfe of 40000 in par1*1 fpe. fojije pf
vefterdayes letters, but I account' my newes ill be-
flowed, becaufe upon an iqlle perfon.
I (hail take fpeedy courfe in the bufineis con-
cerninge my tenants, for wcb thankes, my fervice to
your lady, I am really Your affe&ionate fervant
March 28, 1648. O. Cromwell.
Farnham.
For my noble friend col. Richard
Norton, theife.'
* Deere Norton, %
T Could not in my laft giye you % perfeft account
ofwhatpaffed between mee and mr. M. becaufe
wee were to have a conclufion of our 4peed that
rnorninge after I wrote my letter to you, which wee
had, and havinge had a full enterview of one ana-
thers mindes, wee parted with this, that both would
confider with our relations, and accordinge to fatif-
fe&ions given there, acquaint each other with our
mindes. #
E e 4 1 canntt
4*4 PROOFS AND ,
I cannot tell how Taetter to doc itt, to receavf or
give fatisfadion then by you, whoe (as I remember)
in your laft, fayd that if thinges did dick betweene
us, you w,ould^ufe your endeavor towards a clofe.
The thinges infilled upon were theife, (as I take itt)
mr. Maior defired 400 p. annum of inheritance lyinge
in Cambridge Iheire, and Norfolke, to bee praefently
fettled, an4 to be for maintenance, wherein I defired
to bee advifed by my wife.
I offered the land in Hampfhire, for prefem mainte-
nance, w** I dare fay with copies and prdinaric fells
v will be communibus annis 5oou p. ajftnum, befides
5ppuper artfium, in tennants handes houldinge hut
for one life, and about 300" p. ann. fome for two
_ lives, fome for three lives** But as to this if the latter
bee not liked off I {hall bee willing a farther con*
ference bee had in the firft.
Jn point of joun£hire I fliall give fatisfa&ion,
And as to the fettlement of landes given mee by the
parlnt fatisfedion to be given in like manner, accord-
ing? as wee difcourfed,
In what elfe was demanded of rae^ { <am willing
(foe farr as I remember any demand was) to give
fatisfa&ion.
Only
ILLUSTRATIONS, 4*5
Only I havinge beene enformed by mr. Robmfon
that mr. Maior did upon a former match offer to
fettle the mannor wherein hee lived, and to give
xooo11 in monie, I did infill upon£hat, and doe
defire itt may not bee with difficultye, the monie X
fball neede for my two little wenches, and therby I
{hall free my fonn from beihge charged with them.
— Mr. Maior parts wth nothing in pnefent but that
monie, favinge their board, wch I (boirtde not bee
unwillinge to give them to enioy the comfort of their
focietye, \vci» itts reafon hee fmarte for, if hee will
rtibb mee altogether of them. Truly the land to bee
* fettled both what the parlnt gives mee, and my owne,
is very little lefle then 3000U per annum all thinges
confidered, if I bee rightly informed. And a lawyer
of Lincoln's Inn baveinge fearched all the marques
ofWorcefter's writinges, wd» were taken atRagland
and fent for by the par10" and this gentleman ap*
pointed by the committee to fearch the fayd writinges,
allures mee, there is noe fcruple concerninge the title,
and itt foe fell out that this gentleman whoe fearched
Was my owne lawyer, a very godly able man, and
my deeie friend, w^ I reckon noe fmale mercy, hee
js ajfo pofieft of the writinges for mee.
I thought fitt to give you this account, defiringe you
to make fuch ufe of itt a* God (hall direct you, and I
doubt
426 PROOFS AND
doubt not but you will doe the part of a friend betweene
two friendes, I account myfelfe one, and I have heard
you fay mr. Maior was entirely foe to you. What the
good pleafure of God is I (hall waite, there is only reft,
praefent my fervice to your lady, to mr. Maior, eL
I reft
April the 3d 1648. Your affe&ionate Servant,
O. Cromwell.
I defier you to carrie this bufineffe with all privacie, I
befeech you to doe foe as you love mee, lett me entreat
you not to lofe a day herein, that I may knowe mr.
Maior' s mixide for I thinke I may be att leisure for a
weeke to atttnde this bufineffe to give and take fatisfac-
tion, from vr^ perhaps I may bee ihutt up afterwards by
imployment, I know thou art an idle fellowe, but pre*
thee negled mee not now, delay may bee very inconve-
nient to mee, I much rely upon you. Lett me here from
you in two or 3 days. I confefle the principall confide-
ration as to mee is the abfolute fettlement of the mannor
where he lives, vA he would doe butt conditionally m
cafe he prove to have noe fonn, and butt 3000*1 in cafe
he have a fonn. But as to this I hope farther reafon may
work him to more*.'
* *The three foregoing letters were in the poflefiion of Robert Symmer,
'<%. of Moont-rtrect, GrofYenor-fquare.,
* N*B. In t fheet lift, * of the names of the members yet iWisgof both
< houfiiof pirlement forceably fecluded by the army in 1648, &c.' appears
Southampton
ILLUSTRATIONS. 427
LETTERS . NN.
Eptftles from Oliver the proteBor* ftating his fats
idienefs.
1 For my very loving brother Richard Major, efq. att
Hurjlye: Thefe*.
Lovinge brother,
X Receaved your letter by major Longe, and doe in an-
fware thereunto accordinge to my beft underftand-
inge, with a due conftderation of thofe gentlemen whoe
have abid the brunt of the fervice. I am very glad to
Southampton, col. Richard Norton, efq. knight, &c. He was chofefl
knight of the fnire for Southampton, in the room of fir Henry Wallop,
knight, who deceafed in 1644, fn virtue of writs iffued oft. 24, and
nov. 10, 1645.
In another lift intitled' t more exaft and neceffary catalogue of pen-
« fioners in the long parlement than is extant/ appears Richard Norton,
colonel, governor of Southampton.
And in a third intkled < a perfeA lift of the lords of the other hotifc,
* and of the knights, citizens, and burgefles, and barons of the cinque
« ports, now aflembled in this prefent parlement holden at VVeftminfterj,
* for the commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland, Jan. *%
' 1658/ appears county of Southampton, Richard Norton, of South wickc,
efq.
Sir Gregory Norton, one of Charles I. judges, was of Suflfex or K«nt»
and, as I apprehend, of a different family from the colonel.'
* Received 27 July, 1649, p. mcflcnger, expreffe from Newbery.
% heere
42« PROOFS AND
hecrc of your welfare, & that our children have fo good
leifure to make a journie to eate cherries, it's very ex-
cufeable in my daughter, I hope fhee may have a very
good pretence for it. I affure you Sr. I wifli her very
well & I beleive fhee knowes itt. I pray you tell her
from mee, I expeft (hee writes often to mee, by which
I {hall underftand hQw all your familye doth, & fhee
will be kept in fome exercife. I have delivered my fonn
up to you, & I hope you will councell htm, he will
neede itt and indeed I beleive he likes well what you fay,
& will be advifed by you, I wifli he may be ferious the
tymes requier itt. I hope my fifler is in health, to
whome I defter my very liartye affe&ions and fervice
may bee prefented, as alfo to my cozen Ann to whom
I wifli a good hufband, t defier my affe&ions may be
prefented to all your familye, to which I wifli a bleffinge
from the Lorde I hope I fhall have your prayers in the
bufineffe to which I am called. My wife I truft wil be
with you before itt bee longe in her way towards Brif*
toll. §r, difcompofe not your thoughts nor eftate for
what you are to pay mee. Lett me knowe wherein I
may <?omplye with your occafiofts and minde, and be
' confident you will finde mee to you as your, owne heart
wiihinge your profperitye & contentment very fync|*r-
lye with the remembrance of my love. I reft
Your affe&ionate brother & fervant,
Briftoll, O, Cromwell.
Juhf 19*1649,*
v (On
ILLUSTRATIONS.' , 439
(On the .back of the foregoing letter, befid.es fhort hand,
there is an account in mr. Major's hand, of his (beep
and other cattle.)
c For my beloved hrother Rkhard Major.? eft. at Nurfi
lye in the county of Hampton. Tbeifi.
Deere brother,
T Am not. often at leifure, nor nowe to falute my
friendes* yet unwillinglye to loofe this opportunityc,
I take itt only to lett you knowe that you and your fami-
lye are often in my prayers/ I wifh the younge ones
well, though they vouchfafe not to write to mee. As for
Dick I doe not much expeft itt from him, knowihge
his idlenefTe, but I am angrie with my daughter as "a
promife breaker, pray you. tell her foe, but I hope ftee
will redeeme herfelfe.
It has pleafed the Lord to give us (fince the taking of
Wexford' & RofTe) a good intereft in Munfter by the
accefs of Corke and Youghall, which are both fubmitted,
their commiffioners are nowe with mee. Diverfe other
leffer guarrifons are come in alfoe. The Lord h wonder-
fuirei theife thinges, it*s his hand aloane does them ; O
that all the praife might be afcribed to him. I have beene
crazie in my health but the Lord is pleafed to fuftaine
mee, I begg your prayers. I defter you to call upon
my
J;* PROOFS AND
my fonn-to minde thethinges of God more & more, alas
what profitt is their in the thinges of this world, except
they bee enjoyed in Chrift they are foares. I wifh he
may enjoy his wife foe and fhee him, I wifh I may en-
joy them both foe. My fervice to my deere lifter,
cozen Ann, my bleffinge to my children, and love to
my cozen Barton and the reft. Sr.
I am
Your affefiionate brother & fervant
Roffe, No. 13* 1649. O; Cromweil.
&ec* izo Dec. 49.'
4 For my very lovinge brother Richard Major, Eh\ att
Harftlye in Hampfheir. Tbeife*.
Deere Brother,
TJ1 O R mee to write unto you the ftate of our
affaires heere were more then indeed I have leifure
well to doe, and therefore I hope you doe not expeS
itt from me feeinge when I write to the parInt I ufually
am (as becomes mee) very particular with them, and
ufually from thence the knowledge thereof is fpread.
* This dircaion is in a woman's hand : underneath are wrote in mr.
Major'* haad thefc words 5 « rf May I wrote in bflhalic of mr. Bonny,
*c. ofDorfetti'
Only
I L L V'S T RATIONS, #f
Only this ktt meefay (which is the beft* intelligence fo
friendes that are trulye chriftian) the Lord is pleafiM
ftill to vouchfafe us bisprtfence, & to profper his owne
worke in our handes which to us i» the "more eminent
bqcaufe trulye wee are a companie of poore weake and
worthleffe creatures. Trulye our worke is neither
froih, our* braines, nor from our courage and ftrengtfi,
but wee followe the Lord whoe goeth before and gather
what hee fkattcreth, that foe all may appeare to bee
froHi him. The takinge of the cittye of Kilkenny hath
beene one of our laft workes, which indeed I beteive
-hath beene a grate difcompofeinge the enemie, its foe
much in their bowells, wee have taken many consider-
ably places latelye without much lofle. What can w§e
fay to theife thinges, If God bee for us, whoe can be
againft us, whoe can fight againft the Lord & profper i
Whoe can refift his will ? The Lord keepe us in hj*
love. , I defter your prayers, your farailye is often ki
mine, I rejoyced to heere how it hath pleafed the Lord
to deale with my daughter, the Lord blefle her and
fan&ifie all his difpenfatbns to them and us, I have
committed my fonn to you, I pray councell him. Some
letters I have lately had from him, have a good favor,
the Lord treafure up grace there, that out of that trea-
furie hee may bringe forth good thinges. Sr. I defter
my very entyer affection may be prefented^to my deere
lifter,
432 PROOFS AND
.lifter, my cozen Ann, and the reft of my cofcens, add
to idle Dick Norton when you, fee him. Sr. I reft
Your moft loving brother
Jp. ye z* 1650,
Carrick*' O. Cromwell
• For rtiy very lovingi brother Richard Major* efq. att his
Heufe at Rurfiyt. Tbeife.
Deere brother,
fT^ HE exceedinge croude of bufinefle I had att Lon-
**• don is the beft excufe I can make for my iilente
this way. Indeed Sr. my heart beareth me witnefle\ I
want noe affe&ion to you or yours, you are all often in
my poore prayers. I fhould be glad to heere howe the
little bratt doth. I could chide both father and the mo-
ther for theire negle&s of mee, I knowe my fonn is idle,
butt I had better- thoughts of Doll, I doubt now her huf-
band hath 4poyled her, I pray tell her foe from mee. If
I had as good leifure as they, I fhould write fanetimes.
If my daughter bee breedinge, I will excufe her, but not
for her nurferie, the Lord blefle them. I hope you give
my fonn good councell, I beleive he needes itt Hee is
in the dangerous time of his age, and its a very vaine
world, O how good itt is to clofe with Chrift betimes,
there is nothinge elfe worth the lookinge after. I be-
feech you call upon him, I hope you will difcharge my
dutye
ILL US Tft A fIONSk 4jj
dutye and your owne love: you fee bow I am {ployed,
I necde pktye* I knowe^what I feele, great ^t&ce and
bufinefle in the world is not. worth the lookinge after,
I fhouki have no comfort in mine, but that my hope i» in
the Lord's pretence, I have not fought tjt^ife thktges,
truly I have beene< called to them by the? Lord), and
therefore am not without feme good affureance that
hee will iaable his poof e worine, and weake fervaae to
doe his will, & to full&l my gewatioa, . Ja tfcfc I begg
your prayeis, defiringe to be lovingfye rememhred fc>
my deere iiflerr to cm*, fane & daughters, soy coast
Ann and the good family. I reft
Your ttry affofHonale brother
O. Cromwell.
Alnwick* July if, I&50.
For my Uvmgt bnther Richard Mayor, */# et fiurikjr*
Tbilfe. In Hantftebe netrt Wiachefter.
Deere brother,
T TAvinge foe good an occafioft' as the kiipftrtinge
foe great a mercie as the Lord hath voutchfafed
unto us in Scotland I would not omitt the impartinge
thereof to you, though I bee full of bufinefle. Upon
wedenfd. wee fought the Scottifli armie : They ware
in number accordinge to all computation above twentye
Vol. I. F f thoufand,
i
4j+ PROOFS ANC
thoufand, wee hardly eleven thoufand, havinge greate
ficknelfes upon our armie, after much apealinge to
God, the fight lafted above an bower, wee killed (as
mod thinke) three thoufand* tooke neere ten thoufand
prifoners, all their traine, about thirtye gunns great
and fmale befides bullet, match and powder, very con-
fiderable officers, about two hundred colors, above ten
thoufand armes, loft not thirtie men. This is the Lords
doeing, and it is marvelous in our eyes. Good Sr* give
God all the glorie, ftirr up ail yours & all about you
. to doe foe, pray for your affe&fanate brother
O. Cromwell
I defier my love may bee prefented to my deere lifter
and to all your familie. I pray tell Doll I doe not for-
gett her nor her little bratt, fhee writes very ctminglye
& complementally to mee, I exped a letter of plaine
dealinge from her ; (he is too modeft to teO mee whether
{bee breedes or not. I wifh a bleffinge upon her &
her hufband, the Lord make them fruitfull in all that's
good, they are att leifure to write often but indeed they
are both idle & worthie of blame.
Dunbarr, Sept. 4* 165a
. . (No direHion.)
Deere brother,
T Was.gladtoreceavealetter from you, for indeed
, any thinge that comes from you is very welcome
to
Illustrations. ,43$
to mee .Tbeleive your expectation of my ionn?s com*
inge is deferred. I wilh hee may fee a happie delivery*
of his wife firft, for whom 1. frequently pray* .
I ha ere my fonn bath exceeded his allowance, and is irt
debt; truly I cannot comend him therein, wifdom re-
quireinge his livinge within compaffe and calling for it at
bis handes: and in my judgment the reputation ariftnge
from thence would have beene more real honour thert
what is attained the other way. I beleive vain men will
fpeake well of him that does ill*. I defier to bee underftood
that- 1 grudge him notlaudible recreations, nor an ho*
norable carriage of himfelfe ift them, not is any matter
of charge like to fall to my {hare, a flick with mee.
Truly I can finde in my heart, to allow him not only a
fufficiency but more for his good, but if pleafure and felfe
fattisfa&ion bee made the bufinefle of a man's life, foe
much coft Iayd out uppon it,, foe much tyme fpent in itt
as rather anfwers appetite than the will of God, or is
comely before his faints, I fcruple to feed this humor and
God forbid that his being my fonn mould bee his allow-'
ance to live not pleafmglye to our heavenly father, whoe
hath raifed mee out of the dud to what I am. I defier
your fay thfullneffe (hee beinge alfoe your concernment as
well as mine) to advife him to approve himfelf to the
Lord in his courfe of life, and to fearch his ftatutes for a
rule to conference* & to feeke grace from Chrift to enable
Ff2 to
43* PfcOOFSANIJ
to walkc therein. This hath life in itt, and will come
to fomwhat ; what is a poore creature without this ? This
Will not abridge of lawfull pieafurcs but teach fuch an
ufe of them as will have the peace of a good confcience
goinge alonge with itt- Sr. I write what is in ray heart ;
I pray you comunicate my minde herein to my fonn
and be his remembrancer in theife thinges. Truly I
love him, hee is deere to me; foe is his wife, and for
their fakes doe I thus write. They (ball not want com*
fort nor incoragment from mee fo far as I may afford
►Ht * but indeed I cannot thmke I doe well to feede a vo-
luptuous humor in my fonn, if he Should make pleafures
the bufineCe of his life in a time when fome precious
fein&s are bleeding and breathinge out their Iaft for the
good and fafetye of the reft. Memorable is the fpeech of
Urijah to David, 2* Chron. 11*11*.
Sr. I befeech you beleive I heere fay not this to lave
my purle for I (hall willinglye do what is convenient to
fattsfie his occasions as I have oppoxtunitye, but as I pray
hee may not walke in a courfe not pleaiing to the Lord,
foe thinke itt lyeth upon mee to give him (in love) the
beft councell I may, and know not how better to con-
Veigh it to him then by foe good a hand as yours.
Sr. I pray you acquaint him with theife thoughts of
mine, and remember my love to my daughter for whofe
' 3 fake
ILLUSTRATIONS. 437
fake I fhall be induced to doe any reafonable thinge. I
pray for her happie deliverance frequently and earneftly.
I am forrie to heere my baylye in Hantfheif e ftotild doe
to my fonn as is intimated by your letter. I aflure you
I fhall not allowe any fuch thinge. If there bee any fuf-
pition of his abufe of the woode I defier it may be looked
after and inquired into, that foe if thinges appeare true he
may bee removed, although indeed I muft needs fay he
had the repute of a godly man by diverfe that knew him
when I placed him there :
Sr. I defier my hartye affeflion may bee prefented to
my fifter, my co&en Ann and her huftand though ua-
known.
I praife the Lord I have obteyned much mcrcye in to-
fpe& of my health, the Lord give mee a truly tfcnkfiifl
hart. I defier your prayers, & reft
Your very affectionate brother and fervant
JvnetSih O. Cromwell;
i65i.-
Ff* *F0r
4j8 PROOFSAND
* For my kvinge brother Richard Major, rfq* at Hurf-
lye in Hantfheire. Theife,
peere brother,
T Receaved your lovinge letter for which I thanke
•*■ you, and fuerly were itt fitt tp proceed in that
bufineffe, you fliould not in the leaft have beene putt
upon any thinge but the trouble, for indeed the land
in Eflex, with fome monie in my hand & fome other
remnants fliould have gone towards itt. But indeed I
am foe unwilltage to bee a feeker after the world, hav-
inge had fo much favor from the Lord in givingq me
foe much without feekinge, & foe unwillinge that men
fliould think mee foe, which they will though you only
appeare in itt (for they will by one meanes or other
knowe it) that indeed I dare not meddle, nor proc^ede
therein. • Thus I have tould you my plain thoughts.
My hartye love I pfefent to you & my filter, my
bleffinge and love to deere Poll & the little one,
with love to all. I reft
Your lovinge brother
May the 4^ 1654, Qiiter P,
Thefe, with the three former letters, are given in
Harris's life of Oliver Cromwell, and weje too,
curiou s not to appear here.
ILLUSTR ATI O.N S. 439
LETTERS OO.
*npHE following dialogue between the prote&or,
Richard, and colonel Howard, proves my af-
fcrtion, that the former would not fpill the blood of
his greateft enemy to fecure his grandeur.
When colonel Howard perceived that nothing but
vigorous meafures could fecure Richard in his pro-
tectorate, from the treachery and ambition of Fleet-
wood, and his other relations, the grandees of the
army, he thus addreffed him.
' "Hs time to look about you ; empire and command
are now the queftion ; your perfon, your life, are in
peril ; you are the fon of Cromwell£hew yourfelf
worthy to be his fon. This buGnefs requires a bold
ftroke, and mutf be tupported by a good head. Do
not fuffer yourfelf to be daunted now, and my head
{hall anfwerfor the confequence. Fleetwood, Lambert,
Defborough, Vane, are the contrivers of all this:
I will rid you of them ; do you ftand by me, and
only back my zeal for your honor with your name.
The neceffity of preferving yourfelf, difpenfes with
the fevere laws 0/ juftice. If this is not done, the
F f 4 army
m PROOFS ANBI
army will be againft you, and you are"infallibly
ruined ; and yQU have nothing to fear ; Til take it
upon myfclf, and be anfwerable for the confequences.'
'To th« Richard repliad: Everyone ftali fee I
will do no -body any hsam : I never have done any,
nor ever wffl., I fcall be very much troubled, if any
one is injured upon my account; and, inftead of
taking away the 'life of the leaft pexfba in the nation
for the prefervation of my greatnefsvwhich is a burden
to me. I would not have a drop of blood fpUr/
* Do you think,' replies the colonel, « tWs w.
deration of yours will repair the wrong your family
has coanmitfcd by its elevation? Every body knows
that, by violence, year faAet proouwd thc death of
the late kii^aad kept his fens in baaifltment. If
the father's *rim» ay for vengeance, ftaUthefon
fawe them paffed «,« in file** ? Me*cy, in the prefent
ftW of *ife«rS, is uwwdonable, we may fted ^
Wood that ftriro *o &ed ou», without *>e«g Wo*,,
thirty, «,r trael, tboegh coafcieace may Jbmetw.es
obftruS * foveregn's facrifidng aH innocent perfon
to Iris ambition, it does not oppofe his deeming a
cnwnal far his. ,,«, frfe|r< Lay aMetWs p^^. •
my, 4o unbecoming fce A*c<e*bx of Cromwell. Be
quick,
ILL V S T 1 lTTO» S.
nop i
litta*'
*i -»5 —ix —
i
v*
44* PROOFS AND
commonwealth much above my private concernment;
defiling by this, that a meafure of my future deportment
might be taken ; which by the bleffing of God, fhall be
fuch as I (hall bear the fame witnefs \ I having, I hope,
in fome degree learned rather to reverence and fubmit to
the hand of God, than be unquiet under it, that as to the
late providence that has fallen out, however in refpedto
the particular engagement that lay upon me, I could not
be a£tive in making a change in the government of the
nations, yet, through the goodnefs of God, I can freely
acquiefce in it being made ; and do hold myfelf obliged,
as with other men, I might expeft prote&ion from the
prefent government, fo to demean myfelf with all peace-
ablenefs under it, and to procure, to the uttermoft of my
power, that all in whom I have intereft fhould do the
famet
LE T%* E R S
ILLUSTRATIONS. " 443
LETTERS Qfi^
Thefchedule of the proteBor's debts as delivered into the park*
ment ; copied from the journals of the houfe of commons *•
THE SCHEDULE OF DEBTS. May 14, 1659.
When my father died1, there was due unto feveral perfons * 1. • s. d.
for diet, fuel, lights, houlhold ftuff, apparel, and feveral I
other contingent charges thereunto relating, for the pro- > 280OQ O o
srifions, and furniture relating to the Mews, as alfo for \
wages to officers and fenrants, the fum of ' *
Since which time thefaid deht hath been reduced to *355° © P
The foldiers being unpaid, and without cloathing in the ^
winter-time, tfyere was advanced for buying of coats for > 3700 o o
them, out of monies affigned 10 the family, the fum of J
There was lately borrowed byme, upon perfonal fecurity, 1 ,
and lent for the fupply of Dunkirk.
3pm total 29,640 o o
R E A £ ESTATE,
s. d. 1. 1. d. I. 1. d.
Palby, C Settled on my bro- 1 989 9 1 9
Brought on, J ther Henry Crom- S533 8 8 >2
Gower, £ well upon marriage J 479 ooj
Newhall, with woods, fettled for 1 ( 3ZOf W 9
fecurity of i5,oool. for a pt>r- > — — iioq
tion for my filler Frances ^
CAf% ft »)
997 7 3^
17 9)
0 0 J
ChepftaU ■*- —
549 7 3
fyfagore . i-
448 0 0
Tydenham •
3121 9 6
Woolafton "J— 1
bhaulton, with wood*
664 16 6
Soo 0 0.
JJurleigh
1236 12 8
Okham
326 14 11
Egleton
79 11 6
Out of which payable yeadj] ^
to my motbtr 1 '
Jn feveral an n u i ti dj^
I 997 7 3-%
C1477 6 o I
£1642 19 1 J
1477 6 ol 4117 124
2000 UQl^j 0Q
818 o oj
!!
:}
■»^«"«^«
lUrnu 1 th clear per annum - 1299 00
Which is incumbered with 3000I. debt, by me contracted, in my fathers
life-time, add as yet unpaid,
♦The above fums are faithfully copied from the printed journals of the
hpufe of commons, but they are very faulty, and it is impoffible to know
how to correct them ; the reader will pleafe to compare the fum total with
fhat mentioned in letters RR, ~
444 PROOFS AND
, Part of the prote£tor's private property was Finkley-
Fark, in the county of Hampfhire, as may be learnt from
the following cxtraft out of the Harlein mifcellany^
vol. VIII,
Joyce ' being about to buy Finkley-Park in Hamp-
* (hire, and having generoufly offered to part with all
< or any part of it again to Richard Cromwell ; Oliver
* took him in his arms, and told him, that himfelf, and
* his fon, and family, were more beholden to him, than
* to all the world befides 5 and therefore, bad him go on
€ and profper. Upon this Joyce, went the next morning
* about it, aj?d there being a full committee (the Pari
* belonging to the crown) he was juft upon the point of
« contacting for the faid Fark% when on a fudden, in
* came Richard, his father then overtopping all in power,
< with three lawyers with him, and required them, to
* proceed no further in it, in regard it w*s his own in*
€ heritance, and no park, as was fuppofet!( Whereupon
c Joyce informed the committee of the whole difcourfe
* that had paffed between the general, his fon, and him-
* felf, the night before 5 upon which he fell upon him in
* foul words, faying, (irrah, fnrah, hold your tongue, or
* I fliaH make you repent the time you were born;
« which the committee perceiving, defired them to
4 withdraw;
JLtUST RATIONS. 44$
* withdraw ; and fince that time he never durft meddle
•'with the park any further V
As Richard was appointed a commiffiotier of affeff-
mentin the year 1657, for the county and town of
Cambridge, the ifle of Ely, and the ifle of Wight, the
counties of Effex, Huntingdon, Rutland, Southamp-
ton, and Weftmorland, it might be reafonably fup-
pofed, that he, or his father poffeflcd fome eftates in all
thefe places ; but this does not appear by the fchedule*
or by Oliver's letters to mr. Major, before given, where
other particulars of the Cromwell property may be ga-
thered* and from all thefe, it will not be difficult, to
pretty nearly afcertain the whole, or at leaft, a great
part of their eftates* It may be obferved, that the
manor of Newhall, in Effex, was an eftate of the duke
of Buckingham's, and given ta Oliver april, 2, 165^
computed of the annual value of 1309I. 12s. 3$d. mr.
$f orant, in bis hiftory of Effex, fays it was exchanged by
him, as part of the value of Hampton-court ; and that
it was purchased by three citizens for i8,oool. but it
reverted to its original owner at the refioration, who
Cold it to the duke of Albemarle.
* Joyce took this ufnage of Cromwell's fo much to heart, that it wal
Itetr being the death of him, who, no one can pity, as he had been the
tool of the prote&or's war ft actions; and had been equally infulted before
by him for his villainy. ,
LETTERS
«5 PROOFS A ND
LETTERS RR.
Settlement >made by the parlement upon Richard Cromwelt^
i/q. late lor d-protc ft or ^ from the journals of the Houfe of
Commons*
1 |^OLONEL John Jones reports from the committee
^"^ appointed to confider, what is fit to be done for
fettlement of a comfortable and honourable fubfiftence
cm Richard Cromwell, the eldeft fon of the late lord
general Cromwell, the opinion of the faid committee,
that the prefent clear yearly revenue of the faid
Richard Cromwell (which, according to the fchedule
prefented in parlement, amount* unto one thoufand
two hundred ninety-nine pounds, over and above the
jointure and annuities mentioned in the faid fchedule)
be made up unto him ten thoufand pounds per annum
during his life : And, in order thereto,
That the fum of eight thoufand feven hundred
pounds per annum be fettled upon the faid Richard
Cromwell, during his life* for his fubfiftence, to be
ifTued and paid unto him monthly , by equal portions,
out of the proceed, or revenue, of the letter, or packet-
office ; and that the whole revenue of the faid office
be charged with the due payment of the fame t
That lands of inheritance, of the value of five thon-
fand pounds per annum, of the lands in the difpofe
of
ILLUSTRATIONS. 44J
of the common-wealth, in England or Ireland, be
fettled upon the faid Richard Cromwell, and his heirs,
in fee :
That, when lands of inheritance, of the value of
five thoufand pounds per annum, be fettled upon the
faid Richard Cromwell, and his heirs, according to
the purport of the next precedent vote ; and that the
faid Richard Cromwell be in the a&ual poffeffion
thereof; that then the fum of five thoufand" pounds
per annum, part of the faid fum of eight thoufand
feven hundred pounds per annum, to be charged
upon the packet-office (according to the fore-recited
vote of this committee) be abated ; and the faid office
thereof difcharged for the future :
That the firft monthly payment of the faid yearly
fum of eight thoufand feven hundred pounds, to be
charged upon the faid packet-office, according to the
precedent votes, amounting to the fum of feven hundred
twenty-five pounds, be paid unto the faid Richard
Cromwell, upon the fixth day of June next, 1659,
for one month, commencing the fixth day of May laft,
and ending the faid fixth day of June ; and the faid
monthly payments to continue payable upon every
fixth day of every month for the future, accoiding
to the purport of the faid foriner votes :
That,
44* PROOFS AND
That, as the jointures and annuities in the laid
jfchedule mentioned iball abate, by tbe deceafe of any
of the refpe&ive perfons to whom the fame are re-
fpeflively payable, whereby the income of the real
eftatie of the faid Richard Cromwell fhall be increafed,
the faid yearly charge of eight thoufand feven hundred
pound*, to be fettled upon the faid office for his
fubliftence, be prpportionably abated,
Refolved, that the debt fiated, and undertaken to be
paid, by the parlement for Richard Cromwell, eldeft
ion of the late lord general Cromwell, be twenty-nine
thoufand fix hundred and forty pounds,
Ordered, That the faid debt, not exceeding the turn
of twenty-nine thoufand fix hundred and forty pounds,
be Satisfied by fale of the plate, hangings, goods, and
furniture, in Whitehall and Hampton-Gourt, belonging
to the ftate, which may be conveniently fpared : and
that the fame be forthwith fold, for payment thereof,
accordingly*
Ordered, that inn Ralegh, colonel Dove, m-.Robin-
fon, mr. Scot, rnr. Dormer, be added to the committee,
to examine, what goods in Whitehall, Hampton-
Court, 8cc. belonged to the ftate: and that the faid
committee have further power to examine upon oath ;
and
ILLUSTRATIONS. 449
and alfo to examine, what goods there were bought
with the ftate's money.
Ordered, that it be referred to the faid committee*
to bring in an afl: for fale of the faid plate, hangings,
goods, and furniture, in Whitehall and Hampton-
Court, for payment of the faid debt of twenty-nine
thoufand fix hundred and forty pounds *, accordingly,
Refolved, that the faid Richard Cromwell, eldeft
fon of the faid late lord general Cromwell, mail be,
and is hereby, acquitted, and abfolutely difcharged,
from payment of the faid debt of twenty-nine thoufand
fix hundred and forty pounds, and every part thereof,
and of and from all actions, fuits, and demands, for
or by reafon thereof, by the creditors ; and that the
flate will fatisfy the perfons to whom tjie fame is
due.
O/dered, that it be referred to the aforefaid com-
mittee, to take a true- furvey of the manors and lands
* It is probable that there was Come of the Cromwell furniture in both
the palaces of Whitehall and Hampton-Court, as they were both of them
the ufual residences of the Cromwells, whilft they were at the helm s it
feems to have been the defign of the par lenient to drive ki chard away .
from both thofe palaces, by leaving them destitute of furniture : to effeel
the fame purpofe, as well as to prevent thofe buildings being objects of
ambition, they wanted to difpofe of them, and all the other palace* :
Ludlow faved Hampton-Court" (not from his regard foi monarchy) but
Somerfet-Houfe was fold.
Vol. !.._.■ G g 0f
*«,o PROOFS AND
of.the'eldeft fon of the late lord general Cromwell;
and examine the true value thereof; and report the
fame, together with the act for fale of the plate and
goods appointed to be fold, on thurfday morning
next : and that the (aid committee have power to fend
for rJerfons, papers, and records : and that colonel
White, : fir Henry MiWmay^ rnr. :Say, and colonel
Rich, be added to that committee/
w
LETTERS SSk
Rffignation of the chancellor/hip.
HEN the prote&or, Richard, was depofed,
he ttfould immediately have refigned his chan-
cellormip of the univerfity of Oxford, and promifed
that whenever it would be to their iutereft, he cer-
tainly would do it, which he thus expreffed in a letter
to that body of learning :— 4 You mould have had
4 fuller experience "of my high efteem for learning
1 and learned men, if providence had continued me
' in my high nation ; but, as I accepted of the honour
4 of being Chancellor, Jin order to promote your
4 profperity, I afTure you, I will diveft myfelf of the
* honour, when it will cdhfribute to your advantage/
The
iLttJSTriAflONS. &
* The very day the king's return was voted, h*
tiifpatched the following to acquaint tfaemof his r#«
fignation :
* Gentlemen*
4 1 (hall always retain a hearty fenfe of my former
bbligations to yoii, .in your free ele&ion of me to the
office <rf your chancellor ; and it is no froall trouble?
to my thoughts, -when I coiifider haw little fervice-
able I have beerf * to you, in tfa*t t^lafi^n, ?Bm, foot
the all-wife jirovidea^ of Qod, which I define always
to adore, and bow d6wn unto, has been pleafed tor
change my condition, that I anal not in a capajrty
to anfwer the end* of the office; I do, therefore, moll
freely refign, aid 'give up all my fight and intereft
therein, but fcaH always tefain my aflfediort afcd
efleem for you, with my prayers for your continual
profperity $ that, amidft the many examples 6f tht
instability and revolutions of human affairs, you snajr
ftill abide fiourifhing and fruitful.
Gentlemen,
Your affe&icfeate friend and (errant,
Hurftey, &ICH. CROMWELL/
The prote&or Rkka*#s«figtfatk>fl wa* wa^ aaty
i&, and the twenty-fceth following, Willwn, mar^uifir
C f % of
*5* "P R O aF S AND
of Hertford, was rcftored by the houfc of lords,. and junc
6, he was confirmed by the univerfity ; he died b&obcr
. a4, in the fame year, and was fucceeded by the duke of
Somerfct, who held it but a little while, after whom
lord chancellor Hyde was elc&ed.
LETTERS TT.
Extra&s from dr. Kercfs loyal fongs, to Jhew that the
loyali/ls lampooned the proteSor Richard.
9
/CROMWELL, though he fo much had won,
Yet he had an unlucky fon,
, He fits ftill, and not regards,
Whilft cunning gamefters fe* the cards;
And thus, alas ! poor filly Dick,
He play'd a while, and loft his trick.
Heplay'd, &c».
Drunken Dick, was a lame proteflorfT
And Fleetwood* backjlider ;
* Song jlxxxviii. Win at firff, rod lofe at Uft; ct a- new game it
cards.
•f Perhaps 'hraeproteAor/ likewife alludes to Richard's limping,
from the misfortune he experienced in 1657, and the lad quoted vcrfe
fcemrto confirm it.
Tbefe
ILLUSTRATIONS. 4$j
Thefe wefervM as the refti
But the city's the beaft. .
That will never caft her rider.
Then away with the Jaws9
And. the good old caufe,
ivV<?r jalk o' the rump or the* charter, .
TtS'the cajbdoet the fiat, '
JU the- rift shut 4 cheat, .
Without, that, there9 $ no faith nor quarter *.
Then Dick, being lanje, ro^e- holding by the pummel,
Not having the wjt to, get hold of the rein :
J3ujt the jade did fo fnort aj the Cght of a Cromwell,
That poor Dick and hi?, fcindred turij'd footmen
Sgainf. t
LETTERS VV.
J N the pofleflion of fir Thomas Heathcote, are feve*
■*■ ral letters from puritanical clergy, written in the ftyle
pf the times, to condole with the proteflof Richard and
* AafcwhitUd,xn.,voI.,ii, . t BjtlW M. «l- n.
m MO'O-'FS 4W0
bis lady, /or the misfortane* that bad betid tenth em ; one
pf which is the following,
« My lord,.
4 G I VE me leave, aftpr my long filenee, to prefent
my mod humble refpe&b, a^ to yofcrfelfe, ib toyour moft
honourable and ^ver honoured contort* hairing you both
daily in remembrance before tfca lord, as one vyhft have
beene fenfible of your many and gceattfeggrcifes in the
midft of y* gitat changes, which of late* bavepafled over
us, in which our convulfion fits come fo faft, that many
fcare we cannot hold out long, onely, the ftate hath,
hitherto, beene Upheld fomewfcft like the embfeme of
Geneva j a city iii the ayre, upheld by an hand from hea*
yen; ttit btfis, we have done, but what that divine
Hand doth afford us, and how long it will continue tfcu?
to fuppoft us (our fins encreafing dally upon us} we
have no fmall caufe to feare. For the tianfgreffions of
a land, many are y* princes thereof* All thefe parox-
ifmes and feaverifh diftefliperS are y* fruites of -many
provocations * this is the originall of our many concuf-
Cons, & yf our Ifrael is fmijten as a reed is fliaken in
y« water* We complain y* your fences are broken
downe, & your plants rooted up, but our fins have let
in both y bores and foxes, & whileft we are crying
put of bad times, we have mole caufe to complaine of
worfc
ILLUST RAT IQNS. 455
worfe hearts, & lives; & whileft we fall fowle; \(vich eviJl
inftruments, we confider not y' ye coptroverfy againft
us lyeth in heaven. As for yourfelfe, my lpr4 , 1 hope your
prefer retirement £ privity hath given you an accept
able opportunity, to ftu^y yc creature's vanjty, & ye
emptbes of height, greatae*, power, worldly, glory, pq-
pular acclamation fy profcffions, fcc* Afida^ to this
point, this joynt of tia^e fcajth {aught you vexymuc^,
which well to leacpe will do you more gppd, then it ip
poffible fpr men to do you ljanne. Aad were you to
make your choice againe, either of youf late flj^ion, or
prefent condition (the publick good fet afyde} yc election
were foone made, by him that had tryed b$>th. . AsjE&r
y* firft of them, befides your freedome from i$earty
temptations, you are exempted from ye daily incum-
bency df over-bearing neceflary cares & burdens, which
(moft probably) in a few years would have exhaufted
your fpirits, & have rendered them a facrifi.ee to an
ingratefi4ll generation, as it befell your renowned father
before you. Wherefore, my lord, rejoyce in 'your por-
tion, & be ambitipus of fpirituall exaltation, which ad-
mits not of ye variablenefs to which fecular honours are
obnoxious. One God in Chrift, hath more honour, &
glory, & riches, & delights, than a thoufand worlds,
were there fo many. How gladly fhould I fee & ferve
you, my ever hond lord, if an infirme body would
give me leave! I foi^5times vifite yt Cockpit, & be»
G g 4 flow
4$£ PROOFS AND
flow my labours there on ye Lord's day, I tope not in
vayne. I yet poflefle ye Savoy, though, not long fince,
heaved at, by Sr. A. H*. upon y* account (I fuppofe)
of my fervrce to your father & yourfelfe. I have found
it good to be fenfible of the common concuffions, as to
all our earthly concernments. Let me prefume in yc
elofe, to prefent my humble fervice to much-honoured
mr. Major, & mrs. Major, & then I have no more
but unfeignedly to recommend you, with all belonging to
you, to the moft rich grace of God in Jefus Chrift, &
to fubferibe myfelfe,
My lord,
Savoy, 1 6A of your* moft humble fervant,
Nov. 1 659. WILLIAM HOOKE.
for his highnefs Richard lord Cromwell*
at Hurfiey% in South Hampt. Thefe.9
The above is the beft written ; I have, therefore,
given the whole of it — there is another to the lord Richard
Cromwell, by George Hughes, and dated Plymouth, June
14, 1659* It is a confelatory letter like the laft, wrote
by an old correfpondent of His father Oliver's, but who
had never written to Richard during his profperityj he
however, now vifits him in his low condition j a third
letter, upon the fame fubje<a, without any date, from
$ Si* Arthur Hafilrigt.
Walter
I L L>U.§ TRATIONS. 4S7
Walter Marshall to. the lord Richard Cromwell, fent by
deGre of Richard's lady, who was, no doubt,*, then at
Hurfley, from whence he was retired ; the writer fpeaka
of the time, of Richard's fuffering by reproaches, feafs,
wants, difhonour, treachery of friends, under which thj*
letter is intended to comfort him **
LETTERS WW.
t
letters to Richard1 s wife.
"T N the colle&ion of the letters, belonging to the
Cromwell family, in the poffeflion qf fir Thomas,
Heathcote, is one from a perfon who fubfevibes himfelf
R. F f. and addrefled to the right honourable the lady
Dorothy Cromwell, and dated June 25, j6§o, in
which that ladies oppreflion, at the change in her
fituation, is very evident. The letter begins z * mada'm,,
prudence fuffers pot that I open my heart now on
* Sir Thoaws Heathcote, befldes thefe jhree, ha? feveral other letters
written to the protector Richard and his lady ; four of them are letter; of
condolence on the death of children; one is a Spiritual exportation to
Richard, from Walter MarlrjaJI, the minister of Hurfley j another from the,
fame, to congratulate her upon her husband's elevation to the protectorate j
in one of ihcife pf condolence from Marfhall to Richard, is this fentencc*
which, as it is a proof of his companion for the poor, I will give it. ' The
y widow KCCPS» ker c^iM >s Well placed through, yqor bencyolcnce : the
* fumme of fixe pounds was fully made up for her/
paper,
4fo -P-R-OO tf S- A*tt'-1>'
* I am almoft afraid to come over to your highnefs,
c left I fhould he deep* there, and fo your higbnefs lofe
' this arrny, which, for ought I know, is the only ftay
1 you have, though I cannot but earneftly delire it* I
' alfo think it dangerous to write freely to you ; for,
c I make no queftion, but all' the letters will be opened .
* that pafs between u«^ linlefs they coFne- by "a trufty
* meffenger. I prty God help you, and- blefs your
* councils.
**I remain, yours*, • &c-
• • < h. c:
This letter is given as entire as mr. Neal has printed .
Jt, to (hew how well aware Henry was of the defigrjs
of the republicans, fo fooh after his father's death, anpl
how. much he dreaded the confequences of their am,-
bityon, at fo early a period. The year before this Henry
made ufe of this fentence, in one of his letters : * 'Tis
* a fad cafe, when men, knowing the difficulties we
* labour under, feek oqcafion to quarrel and unfettle
* every thing again : I hear Harrifon, Carew, and
* Okey, have done new feats. I hope God will infatuate
* tfrem, jn their endeavours to difturb the peace of the
♦nation; their folly fliews them to be no better thari
f abufers of religion, ^and fwch, whofe hypocrify the
f^Qjrd will avenge, .in due time*,* So well did he
f ^•tfshrftory «f the pwwtan*.
3 Jmcw
♦ ILLUST »• A*T-I © fj S. 4^\k
know them. They, of this'ftagnpy gfnefftlly*tHd$ at?
the reftoration, meet with-' their deferts*— The tlirec
here mentioned were then hangeckaaxegrcides.
LETTERS YY.
A Utter from Henry Cromwell, lord-lieutenant of Ireland,
to his brother-in law, Fleetwood, dated O&ober 20,-
1658, given in mr. NeaVs hi/lory of the puritans*
- c Dear brother,
* T Received your account of the petition of the
-** officers; but pray give me leave to expoftulate
'with you: how came thefe two or three hundred
* officers together ? If they came of their own heads,'
' their being abfent from their charge, without licence,"
« would have flown in their face, when they petitioned
c for a due obfervance of martial difctpline. If they
♦were called together, were they notalfo taught what
4 to fay and do ? If they were called, was it with hfc
* highnefs's privity ? If they met without leave., in fo
* great a number,* wer* they told thtir error? I fhalt
' not meddle with the matter of their petition ; but,
■* dtar
4/U tftO0*S ANil
dear bmhir, I mtift tell you, I bear that dirt vhs
thrown upon his late fcighnefs at that great meeting *
that they were exhorted to ftand Up for that good okF
caufe* which had long lain afieep. — I thought my
father bad purfued it to the Iaft. He died, praying for
thofe that defired to trample oh his d&ft. Let us,
then, not render evil for good, and make his memory
(link before he is under ground. Let us refoember
his laft legacy, and, for his fake, render his facceffor
confiderabie, -and not make him vile* a thing of nought^
'and a bye-word *. Whither do thefe things tend f
What * hurly-burly it there ? One htffcdred inde-
pendent minifters called together 5 a council, as you
call it, of two or three hundred officers of a judg-
jtiextt. > Remember What has always befallen impoQng
(pirits. Will not thefcin* of an impofing independent,
or anabaptift, be as heavy as the loins of an impofing
ffdbttt4 or preibyter ? And is it a dangerous opinion*
ibzt dotninion is founded in grau^ when it is held by
the church of Rmey ted a found principle when ft ,
is held by the fifth monarchy men? Bear brother.
* There il fbmethiag amiable throughout Henry's character ; his
tendernefs for hit fatheVs memory » pleafiri'gj he was much hurt hy
lit death, hot fib grief fgefat kfelf chiefly in prayer r noHM be heat
«f hia lifter Cteypole'a took, without great mi fioceie ferrow<— *-
Thtufoe'f ftate papers.
% * *l«t
ILLUSTRATIONS. 46}
♦let us not Jail into the 1ms of other tnenyleft w£
* partake of their plagues. Let it be fo rarrkd* that
* all the people of God, though under different forms 3
* yea, even thofe whom you count -without, may enjoy
* their birth-right and civil liberty ♦; and that no one
* party may tread upon the neck of another* It does
* not beconte the majeftrate to defcfcnd irito parties %
c but can the things you do tend to this end? Cart thefe
* things be done, and the world riot think his higbnefs
4 a knave, or a fool, droppreffed with mutinous fpirits ?
4 Dear brother, my fpirit is forely oppreffed with th«
* eonfideration of the miferable itate of the innocent
« people of thefe nations : what have thefe iheep done
« that their blood fliould be the price of our luft and
4 ambition ? Let me beg you Co remember, how his
4 late highnef* loved you; how he honoured you with.
* <he higheft truft, by leaving the fword in your hand,
* which rouft -defend or deftfoy us. And his declaring
* his higbnefs his fucceflbr, (hews, that he left it there
* to preferve him,- and his reputation. 0 brother I ufe
4 it to crpp extravagant fpirits, and bufy bodies, but
* let not the nation be governed by it. Let us take
4 heed of arbitrary power ; let us be governed by the
4 known laws of the land ; and let all things be kept
4 in their proper channels ; and let the army be fo
•governed, that thq world may never hear of them,
* unlefs
464 * PROOFS AND
4 unlefs there be occafioo to fight. And truly, brother,
4 you mufi pardon me, if I fay God and man may
' require this duty at your hand, and lay all his
* carriages of the army, in point of discipline, at your
fc door. You fee I deal freely and plainly with you,
1 as becomes your friend, and a good fubjed. And
. * the great God, in whofe prefence I fpeak, knows
* that I do it not to "reproach you, but out of my
* tender affe&ion and faithfulneis to you. And you
* may reft allured, that you ihall always find me,
4 Your true friend, and loving brother,
1 h. c:
This well-written letter fpeaks Henry's uhivet&l
philanthrophy ; and mews, that he did not want
either fpirit, 0r boldnefs, in fo good a caufe.
* ETTER S
It L US T RATI ON 8^ ^
L E T T E R S 2Z*
Cggy *f # Z?//*r from Henry Cromwell (lafelord Ikutenan!
rf Ireland) to lord chancellor Clarendon^ coped from
ThUrfe's Jlate papers ; communicated by Jofeph Rod'
cliffe\ oftfx inner -temple, in whofc pojfejfion the original
* May it pleafe your lordftip,
* Tll^HJ^N the declaration was framing, I did ab-
hor to bee fo unreafonable as to feeke any
* particular provifion for myfelf in it ; but when I faw
4 myfelf fecured by the multitude, and when his ma*
* jefty by his fpecial letters and promifes declared, that
c though I had indeed efcaped in the crowd, yet that hee
4 had a particular mercy for mee ; and \Aen I faw
c hee could not bee prevailed upon to unfettle others, who
* perhaps (abating my name) were greater offenders, I
* did then prefume to infift upon that his mercy ; nor
* could I believe (with fome) that my foe doing was dif-
* honorable unto his majefty. And your lordfhip (being
1 above makeing an intereft by trampling upon the fallen,
€ or by being bitter againft things, that come to pafs by
€ God's ftcret providence) have moft nobly and chrif-
* tianly* patronized me in it, even tofuccefle; and for
* this, in a few words, I give your lofdfliip my eternall
* thanks and prayers,
VoLI. Hh « I might
466 PROOFS, Ire.
4 I might, perhaps, have better expreffed thefe my
* fentiments fttxic other way; yet I have prefumed to doe
* it thus, by a letter, that there may remayne a teftimbpy
€ of infamy upon mee, if ever I abufe the admirable
4 mercy I have found; either by future difloyalty to his
4 majefty, or ingratitude to your lordfhip. And I wifh
4 your lordfhip would add one favour more, which is tec
* affure his moft excellent majefty, and his royal highnes
4 (how hard, or needlefs foever it be to beleeve me) that
4 few can wifh their royall perfdns,^ family, or intereft,'
4 more profperity and eftablifhment, then doth,
4 may it pleafe your lordfhip,
4 your lordfhip' s moft obedient, moft humble,
4 and moft oblieged fervant,
April 9, 1662. H.CROMWELL.
APPENDIX.
#
A P PEN D I X.
A
ExtraHsfrom'' The Regifier Booke for the Parijh Church of
• all S". in Huntyndon, from the year* 0f our lord
4 1558; unfjU this 4* tmt daye 0jthe vyitaii0m houldm
fc at the fayd church of all Saints, in Hunt, aforefaydi
' the 1 8 : of Apriel : Ano : Dom ; 1 599.*
Christning. Ano 1580.
M' Ralfe^ Cromwell: y« Sun; S' H: Cromwell-^
20 » November*
*««al. Ano'1581.
Mr. Ralfe Cromwell— buryed 22th December.'
CiiRisTNiNG. Ano 1583.
Dorothy* Cromwell : daugh : to S' M. Cromwell—
30th December. \
Burials. Ano 1584.
My Lady Cromwell's funeral was the 12th De-
cember.
My Ladye Swfan Cromwells : funeral! was ye xj.
day off Julye. J
Ano. 1600.
Joean Cromwell, daughter of Mr Oliver Crom-
well, buried the 13th of February.
Miftris Oliver Cromwell, of godrnanchefW,
• bunede the 27th July, & her funerall was the h
ofAuguft.
Richard, ye fone of Mr Hary Cromwell, burye4 "
ye 18* November, 1601. .
Mf Hary Cromwell, Captain, buryed ye 24th De-
cember, 1601. ' *
• . - ■ Hha ■ ,603,
f
468 APPENDIX.
1603, January-
s' Henry Cromwell, buryed — 7*.
1606.
Marriages. Aprell.
Henry Palavicino & Katheren Cromwell ? , ~
Tobyas Palavicino & Joani. Cromwell j marye ?* ''
Burial. 161 3, December.
The Ladye of Palavicino, buried the 17* Dayc
of februarie, 1613.
• 1616.
Baptism. July.
Battynne Cromwell, daugh. of Mr. HenrieCrom-
well, Baptized the a 8th Daye.
Burials. 1617,. June.
Mr. Robart Cromwell,') ... ^
of*. John's Parifli. } b«ryedy« 84 D»y-
April, 1618.
*M». Baptinnae, the wife M'. Henrie Cromwell,
buried the 10 day. '
Jane, 1618.
M«. Baptiiwiae, the daughter of Vt. Henrie Crom-
well, buried the 7 day.
Baptism. 1620, Maye.
„ James Cromwell, the fon of Mr. Henry Cromwell,
was borne the 25* day of May, being Afcention
day, & bap: 7th day of June.
Burials. April, 1624.
George Walton, the fon of Mr. Valentine Walton,
of S*. John's Parifh, Buried the 7th day.
« . . ~ 1626, April.
The Ladye Anne Cromwell, the wife of Sur Olyver
Cromwell,v-Buried the 26th Day.
- " Exirads
APPENDIX. tf,
B _
Mxtfa&sjrom ' The Regijltr-book of the pjh cfmrrh ofS'
* John Baptijt, in Huntingdon, made from the pre
* of our Lord* God, ibi^of^l marriages, Ckrift .
4 inngs, and Burials.'
Christning*. Anno Dni. 1586.
Henrie, the fonnc of Oliver Cromwell, Efq. bofrie
the xxv* day of Augufi, and baptifed Ae xxvijth'
Ano. Sup.d.
Ariae Dni. 15&9.
John j the Sonne of Oliver Cromwell, Eftjuire-, and
Elizabeth, his wife, was baptifed the xiiij, day of
May, Anno Sap. diet.
Anno Dni. 1593.
Elizabeth, the daughter of Robert Cromwell,
gent, and Elizabeth; his wife v was baptifed the xifij.
day of Ofiober.
- IS94-
Katheren, the daughter of Oliver Cromwell,
Efquire, and Elizabeth, his wife, was. Baptifed the
XVth day of May, Anno Sup.d.
Anno Dni. 1595.
Henrie, the fonne of Robert Cromwcfl, gent. &
Elizabeth, his wife, was baptifed the xxxj. day of
Auguft, Ano. Sup.d.
Anno Dni. 1596,
Katheren, the daughter of Robert Gronnfr*ll,gent,
and Elizabeth, his Wife, was Bapjtifed the vij. day of
Februarie, Anno Sup.d.
Anno Dni. 1599.
Englanis plague for 5 yeares. *
Oliverius filius Robetti'Cromwell, gener. et £liza-
"betha, uxoris ejus riatus vicefimo quinto Dig Aprilis,
.et Baptifatus vicelimo n6no ejufdem menfis.
# The words, England's plague for 5 years, are (cored throtgfc wiiii a pen*
H h 3 . Anno
4TO APPENDIX.
Anno dni. 1 600.
Margaret, the daughter of Robert Cromwell, Gent.
& Elizabeth, his wife, was Baptifed the xxij. d*y of
Februarie, Ano Sup.d.
1602.
Anna, the daughter of Robt. Cromwell, Efquire,
& Elizabeth, his wife, borne yc 2 day of Januarie,
Bapt the 16 day of the fame month, Ano. Sup.d*
1605.
Jane, the daughter pf Robt. * Cromwell, Efquire,
and Elizabeth, his wife, Bapt. tlie ig day of Ja-
nuarie,
Anno Dni. 1608.
Robert, the fonne of Robert Cromwell, Efquire,
. and Elizabeth, his wife, Baptifed the 13th of January.
Burial. 1609. #
Robert Cromwell was buried the 4 day pf Aprill,
Anno Dni. 1609*
Marriages. Anno Domini, i-fiiii
June. Mr, Willia. Baker, and M« Jane Crojn-
well, married die ij.Junij.
Anno Domini, 161 7.
Mr Valentyne Walton, and Mrs Margarctt Crom-
well, marry'd the xxth day pf June.
Christnings. Ano. Dni. 1620.
George, the fon of Valentyne Walton, gent, tfye
22th day of July.
Anno Dni. 162 1.
Robert, the fon of Oliver Cromwell, Efquire,
bapt. the xiij. of O&ober.
Ario. Dom. 1622. •
Ana. the daughter of, Valentine Walton, gent,
bapt. y* xxijth of May.
Anno Dom. 1622.
Oliver, the fon of Oliver Cromwell, gent._bapt,
the vjth of February. A nnq
' I v . A P P E N D I X. 471
. /'{ ';'*•"' Anno Dbm. £624.. . '
• / » -. Bridget, the daughter of Oliver Cromwell, Efquire,
V* Jl&pt. die v. ofAuguft..
'J>;>\ *%" > Ano. Dom. 1626.
- :•£%$ vRichard, the fon Mr Oliver Cromwell, was borne
X-'-;vStftjt fourth day of Oftater, and baptifed the 19th da/
/^#Oaober.
';. \$hm*$\ Anno Dni. 1627.
•;.j'*;-*.pjtfenry, the f°n of Oliver Cromwell, Efquire, was
i\, 'i^qrn the XXth day of January, bapt. the xxix of the
-"•^-T^f&c month. . x
■'*' '? \% • * Anno Dm. 1629.
tF?.; 'Elizabeth, the daughter of Oliver Cromwell, Efq.
^^I^.Aeij, ofjuly.:
^;r>i^ ;. Ano.pni.1631.
•>^hy James, ye fon bf Oliver Cromwell, Efq. bapt.
.f'£*X J&me$> the fon of Oliver Cromwell, Efq. buryed
; ^^Cfc*wf nin'ges/ Ano. Dni. 1636.
f:.', .V^ft^ar^, tthe daughter pf Oliver Cromwell, gent.
• * is: ;| \iqjfy$b- J x of February.
-»*l&&>y^ ■•'•'' Anno Dni. 1637.
'lir?' V.it^ohn, the fon of John Difborough, gent, was
*?$V ^ptifed the xxviphv day of Aprill.
;;%*/. c :
. J:i*]m&aiis from a rqrijler, in Huntingdon^ intitled, l Thys
' -JtMlfti&fe, Afary<s/ )«;4 Itytf of June, In f yeare ofcr. lorde
'\z*-*?.}gfldi 1574"; the fjxtent yeare vf the Raigne of y*
'^v * v &raci9u5 mtie ^at — •, — •' ;
M^Oi'iV AnolDni: 1599. . \
;^-- v::$lleb; Cromwell', fuit fepult. decijno tertio dit
..': yAp|0iS*. •• . . *
.i //^•'ftie&fa another rf'gifter in Huntingdon/ but the jame of Crpm*
'. wili'js not tobe jnct in iu • :*{•/'" '*'
*:f* ■:/•■''■'■ - • K} r--:;-:.; ;>:m '""/•• 3'&
■f
w
47* APPENDIX.
D
&amfcj. Exlraffs from fc A true and perfiS ftegeflar of all
4 Ckrijinings^ Marriages^ /lr B^rfa/fr, its have teiu
* found within the ft/*, of Ramftj afbrefaid, from the
' xxvfl daye of 4figuft9 in the year* *of <f. Lvrd GW. *
x559- ;
Christnings. Ano, Dni. 1607. •
Henry Cromwell, fon of Sr Philippe Cromwell,
" knight, was baptized the fifth day of February *. •
Anno Dm- 1608.
PKilippus Cromwell, filius Philippi CroAiWcJl,
xnilitis natus erat Decembrfs, 250 (et baptizatus erat
Januarii vij. 16080.
Ano. Dni. 1609. • :«r*
Thomas Cromwell, fon of Sr, Philip Cromwell*
knight, was baptyzed the fovrth of January.
1610.
Anne Cromwell, the daughter of fir Philip, knigbt,
-—Was bapt. y« xv& of Mch.
l6l 2°, .
Oliver CromweH, fon of Sir Phillip Cromwell, was
. baptyzed Maye yc xxjth. ...
Ano. Dni. 1613°. - . • • • \
Robert. Cromwell, ye fyfte fonne of S* Phillip1
Cromwell, yrks bapt. the xxix* of June, 161 3V VF **
1614°, ' I ?
Elizabetha Cromwell, filia Philippi Cromwqfc
i&ilitis bapt. erat Decembris xxj°. • j
16150. *•**•
Mary Cromwell, daughter of Sr Philip CromWell,
Knight, bapt, January y« xviijth.
Buriall,. Ano. Dni. 16x7,
Marye, the wyf of Sr Phelip Cromwell, kiiyght, was
buryecf the third day of November, Ano; Dni, 1617.
♦ The regtfter of Ram fey is very perfect (probably reftorvd) yet this
HtQfy Cromwell is the firft who i» mentioned in tbe old book.
3 Chr|stn;nqs,
A P^ P END I? Xi ^
Chris*tnings. Aho; Don*. 1622.
Karina, the daughter of Henry Cromwell* Jtiiu
Efq. was baptized the fifte ©F September, i6aai (
Ao. Dni. 1623.
Pembroke Cromwell, fon of Henry Cromvfell,
junr. Efquire, borne the kkth of November, and bap-
tized dhe thifd day of December, 1623.
Ano. 1625.
Henry, the foh of Henry Cromwell, Efquire,
. bapt. the xxij& of June, 1625.
Ao. Dni. 162 B;
Elizabeth the daughter of Henry . Crom#eH, Ef-
quire, bapt, the vj of Sept.
Marriaqe. Ao. 1627.
Jc^n BdHwme, gent & Hannah C«)n4^ell,d&ught.
of Sr Oliver Cromwell, knight of the Bathfe, were
maried the xj"^ of Sept. 1627.
Christning. 1627.
Marye the daughter of Henry Cromwell, Efqttir*
was baptized the xij* of Sept. 1627.
Bur 1 all. Ao. 1627.
Elizabeth Cromwell, a child, buried the xjth of
Nove.mr.
Ghristning.
$ * Marye y* daughtf of Henry Cromwell, Efquire*
' Jun. baptized the xxvth of September, 1628.
Burialls. Ao. Dni. 1629.
Mri Marye Cromwell was bur. the xij* of January.
#* ^S1" Pheiip Cromwell, knight, bur. the 28th ofjanuaiy.
Marriage. Anno Dni. 1642.
Henry Cromwell, Efquire, & theLadye Elizabeth
Feres, were maryed the fourthe day of May.
PVRJALL. 1642,
Pheiip Cromwell, gent, buried the 12* -of Maye *♦
* Who this gentleman is uncertain*
K*w
#74 APPENDIX.
'. New Register*,
BuRiALt. Ano. Dni. 1655.
Oliver Cromwell, Knight of ye Bath, being Aged
about 93 years, was buried the fame night (28 of
, Auguft).
1657.
Henry Cromwell, Efq. died y« iUth daye of Septebr.
and was interred in ycchancell of Ramfeye, y«nyne-
teenth daye of September, 1657.
The lady Ferrers was Buried Septemb. 2, 1658 f9
' at the foot of the croffe, in the church yard.
Burials.' 1665.
Col. William Cromwell, Gentleman, ye younger
fon of Sr O. C. departed this life the Febr. 23, 9 in
ye morning, & was buried Febr. 24 — 9 of clock at
night,
. l673-
Henry Williams, Efqr departed this life at Hunt-
ingdon, Aug. 3, & was buried the- 6 day of Aug. at
Ramfey, 1673.
1687.
M" Ann Williams, bur. Jan. the 10.
E
Extracts from the * Regifter oJUpwoodJ commencing L 1605
* Ann0 Jacohi regis Urtio%?
Burial, Anno Dni. 1.595.
December 30, Hugo Plyett films Cromwelli .
fepult. fuit.
* The old regifter at Ramfey, ends in march, 1642-3, and the new
ene does noixommence ti.ll 1653.
• j- There is two crofles, placed about the time of lady Ferrers*s death ;
fothat, probably (he might be a roman caiholic; and that is confirmed
by her define to be buried near the crofs.
J This is the oldeft regifteF ; yet the next item is fo early as 15991
byt to account for this it fnuft- be fuppofed that it is only acafuai infertion,
as it (lands alone in another pait of the book : in the year 1619 it was
fniferably kept.
Anao
APPENDIX. 475
Anno Etei. 16 15, Anno Jacob. 13. '
Baptisms.
June 4, Henry Cromwell, the fohne of Henry
. Cromwell, armiger, was baptized — .
Anno Dom.' 161 6, Anno Jacobi 14.
December 12, Elizabeth Cromwell, the daughter
of Henry Cromwell, Armiger, was baptized the 1 2
day of December.
1617.
Anno Dom. Anno Jacobi 15.
March 11, Anna Cromwell, daughter of Henry
Cromwell, Armiger, baptized the 1 itlx day of March.
Burials. AnnoDni. 1619.
Jan. 27, Eluzai Cromwell, the wife of Mr Henrie
Cromwell, of Up wood, Efquier, vwas buried.
March 1 3. John Joanes, for. Sonne Mr Eluzai Crom-
well, wife to Mr Henrie Cromwell, Efquier, was buried.
Baptisms, Anno Dpi. 1621.
Aprill 22, Anna Cromwell, the daughter of M*
Henrie Cromwell, was. baptized.
Anno Dm. 1623.
Auguft 28, Anna Cromwell, the <kugh-7
ter of Richard Cromwell, gent. £*&' fult'
Baptism. AnnoDni. 1625.
• July 28, Henrie Cromwell, the fon of Richard
Cromwell, gent. bapt.
Burials. Anno Dni, 1625. '
December 16, Henry Cromwell, the fon of
Richard Cromwell, gent, buried.
Anno Dni. 1626.
Jun. 7, Richard Cromwell, gentillman the fon of
M* Henry Cromwell, was buried.
Anno Dom \ 1628.
O&. 29, Richard^ Cromewell, gentelman, wps
juried,
■■Am*
^ APPENDIX.
Atmo Dom. 1*30.
Oaober 29, Henry Cromwell, Efqui* was buried.
Baptism. Anno Dom. 1634.
Sept. 98. Jone Crom.all, daughter of John Crtwn..-
alL was baptife'd. "^
ExtraSs front tht Regijler of (Mfipenham.
1658. Elizabeth Cromwell, the daughter of Lord
Cromwell,- ebsabeth, his wife, July *8.
Baptism. „•!, .
Ladie EBzabeth Cromwell, the daughter of L«Henne
Cromwell, and Elizabeth, his wife, July 18 day, 1659-
ExiraSls from the Regifter of Hur/kj ».
Marriages. -w ,
The right wor&ipfull Richard Cromwell, Efqj &
M" Dorothy Maijor, the daughter of the right wor-
ftipfull Richard Maijor, Efq. were married ift M«y,
164.9. * _, ,
The right woribjpfull John Dimch, Efq. and mis.
Anne Maijor, the daughter of the r* wor" Rich*
Maijor, Efq. were reamed a* July, 1650.
ftT"'M» Elizabeth CromweB, the daughter of the
right w«u Richard Cromwell, Efq. by M« Dorothy
• Cromwell his wife, was born *6* March, 1650.
2 MB Anne -Cromwell, the daughter, &c. waa
'^C^^fon of the right W« Richard
Cromwell, Efq. by M« Dorothy Cromwell h« Wife,
' was born. . , *.
* H»rflev rafter begins in the y«« ««e«. All the «*«. rf *e
rftfnj to the fep«»terepft*Jf of tlie family. ^^
A * P E N P I X. 477
4. Mrs, Mary Cromwell, the daughter of the right
honblc the Lord Richard Cromwell, by the Lady Do*
rothy Cromwell his wife, was born 28th February,
1653.
6- Oliver Cromwell, the fon of the right hon***
die Lord Richard Cromwell, &c, was born u* July,
1656.
7. Mrs. Dorothy Cromwell, the daughter of the
right HonWe the Lord Richard Cromwell, &c. was born
. thfe 13th of Sept, 1657.
8. The Lady Anne Crojnwell, daughter of his
Highnefs Richard Lord Protedor of the Common-
wealth of England, Scotland, & Ireland, by the Lady
Dorothy Crpmwell his wife, was born 27th March,
1659.
9* Mrs. Dorothy Cromwell was born the firft day
of Auguft, 1660.
Burials.
1. M"Anne Cromwell, the daughter of the right
worihip*1 Richard Cromwell, &c buried the 16th
March, 1651 (moft probably 1652.)
2. Dec' 15, 1657. A fon of y* rt wu Richard
• Cromwell, &c, was buried.
3. Mr« Mary Cropwell, daughter of ye x* vfl
R. Cromwell, &c. was buried 26* Sep* 1654,
4. May 29, 1655, A daughter of yc right honWc
Richard Lord Cromwell, &c. was buried.
5. The Lady Dorothy Cromwell, one of y* daugh-
ters of his Highnefs Richard Lord Prote&or of y* Com-
mon wealth of England, &c. was buried 16th Decem-
ber, 1658.
The right worfhipfull Richard. Maijor, efij. Lord ♦Hartley *
of this manor of Marden*, deceafed *5* April, JJ^JJJJ1
ifi6o, & was buried y* laft day of ye fapic months or Mer<u<u
M»
47* APPENDIX.
Nf« Anne Maijor, widow of the la,te Richard
Maijor, £fqT was buried 17th June, 1662.
Oliver Cromwell, Efq. Son of Richard Cromwell,
Efq. & Lord of the Manor of Marden, alias Merdcn,
died IIth May, & was buried the 13th, in the
t chancel of Hurfley, Anno Dni 1705.
Richard Cromwell, Efq. was buried 18th July,
1712.
Mrs. Elizabeth Cromwell, daughter of Richard
Cromwell, Efq. was buried 18th April, 1731*
In the body of the parifh regifter are thefe items ;
one of the burial of Oliver Cromwell, Efq- men-
tioned above, the other of the prote&or Richard's
lady, which has never been added to the particular
regifter of the family. ^ .
Anno Dom.' 1705, Maii 130 Olivefius CromweU
Armiger Hujufq. Manerii Doniinuslepultus eft.
1675, Jan, 6to Domina Dorothea Cromwell fepul-
taeft.
Upon an handfome marble monument, ere&ed in
the chancel of the fame church, is this infcription* -
This MONUMENT
Was erected to the memory of Mrt Elizabeth
Cromwell, Spinfter (by Mr Richard Cromwell &
Thomas Cromwell, her Executors) She died ye 8th
Day of April, 1731, in yc 8zd year of her Age, &
lyes Interred near this Place : She \vas ye Daughter of
- Richard Cromwell, Efq. by Dorothy his Wife, who
was ye daughter- of Richard Major, Efqr. And the
following Account of her Family (all of whom, except
M" Ann Gibfon, lye in this Chancel) is given accord-
ing to her defire.
M» Ann Gibfon, the Sixth Daughter, died 7^0*
cenxber, 1727, in the 69th year of her Age, & lyes
a interred
APPENDIX. . ^
interred with D' Thomas Gibfon,her Hufband,Phyfi-
cian General of the Army, in the Church Yard belong-
ing to Sc George's Chapel, in London.,
Richard Cromwell, Efqt Father of the faid Elizabeth
Cromwell, died 12* July, i7i2, in the 86* year of
his Age.
Oliver Cromwell, Efqt S5n of the faid Richard-
Cromwell, died i ith 0f May, 1705, in the 49th year
his Age. '
■ Mrs. Dorothy Mortimer, a Seventh daughter, wife
of John Mortimer, Efq'died 14* May, 1681, in the
2ift year of her Age, but left no Iffue.
M« Dorothy Cromwell, Wife of the faid Richard-
Cromwell, died .5* of January, 1675, in. the 40*
year of her Age. • • •
M" Ann Major, Mother of the faid M« Dorothy
Cromwell, died 13,], June, 1662.
Richard Major, Efq' Hufband of the faid M« Ana
Major, died 25th April, 1660. .
M» Dorothy Cromwell, a Fifth Daughter, died 1* .
Dec. 1 658, in the- 2nd Year of her Age.
A Fourth daughter died 27th May, 1655, "» the
firft year of her Age. '
Mrs. Mary Cromwell, a Third daughter, diecl 24*
September, 1 654, in the fecond. year of her Age.
A Son of the faid Richard and Dorothy Cromwell
died 13th December, 1652, in the firft year of his Age.
M™ Ann Cromwell, a Second Daughter, died 14A
March, 1 65 1, in the firft year of her Age.
M' John Kingfwell, Father of the faid M" Ann'
Major, died 5th March, 1639.
Exlrads
r
i
48a. imjipir,
H
Extratisfrom the regijler 'qf Wickm*.
1665.
Baptized Richard ye fon of Mr Henry 7 Septemfc.
Cromwell, & Elizabeth his wife 3 1. '
1667.
May so. Baptized William yefor* of Henry Cromwell,
Efq. and Elizabeth his wife.
1 67+.
Buryed Henry Cromwell, 7 March
* a* > 2*
1685.
Buryed OliveiaCrom well, Efq. Apr- 10.
1687.
Buryed The Good ladye Cromwell, 7 A "' '
Eiiaabeth Cromwell JAPnI " ■- .
1689.
Baptid Benjamen hewling ~\
Cromwell, the fon of C Novew. '
Henry Cromwell, Efq. / 23. '"
and hannah his wife 3
1692.
Bund Henry Cromwall, the
fon of Henry and
his wife the 9 d^y
all, the ) •
i Han. / June,
of * )
* The regifter of Wickcn has loft its tide, and ismoft terribly kept ;
the page upon which was written the wimir of «5e protector Oliver '*
frith* is alio loft, •
END OF THE FIRST VOLUME*
0*
THE NEW >x
rbfbrbn;
This book is under no c •,
taken front the h
u •' v ■' V«,
ftf^MJ^IHiiM
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