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NAMES OF THE PERSONS

WHO

TOOK THE OATH OF ALLEGIANCE

TO THE COLONIES.

1778 TO 1787.

^ iilijijji I

.^

Rev. Casper Schaeffer, M. D.

Memoirs and Reminiscences

together with

Sketches of the Early History

Sussex County, New Jersey

St/ Rev. Casper Schaeffer, M. D.

With Notes and Genealogical Record of the 5chaeffer,
Shaver or 5hafer Family

Compiled b^
WILLIAAl Wl. JOHNSON

Privately Printed

Hackensacti, N. J.
1 9 O 7

if!.

TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY COPIES PRINTED

Gift

TABLE. OF CONTENTS

PAGE
Introduction -_-______ ^

Public Services of Casper Schaeffer _ _ _ y

Will of Casper Shaver ------- 17

Rev. Casper Schaeffer, M. D. - - - - - 20

Memoirs and Reminiscences ------ 23

Biographical Notices --__-__ ^7

Nathan Armstrong --------109

Captain Alexander C. Shaffer - - - - - iii

Helen A. Shafer --------- 124

General Aaron Hankinson ------ 126

The .Old Grave Yard -------130

Genealogical Record ------- 1-53

Genealogical Index ------- j^-^

General Index --------- jgi

ILLUSTRATIONS

^ Rev. Casper Schaeffer, M. D.

- Tombstones of Casper Schaeffer and Johan Peter
Bernhard

* The Shafer Homestead

^ The Stone Mill (1844)

■' Windemuth's Homestead, now Bonnie Brook

^ Yellow Frame Church

-' Old Grave Yard at Stillwater

INTRODUCTION.

The accompanying historical sketch was prepared in
1855 by the Rev. Casper Schaeffer, M. D., of Phila-
delphia, who was a grandson of Casper Schaeffer, one of
the founders of Stillwater, Sussex County, New Jersey.
It contains an interesting and authentic account of people,
events and customs of a hundred years ago, and seems

COMPLIMENTS OF

WILLIAM M. JOHNSON

who may like to have this record in a permanent and
accessible form. The original manuscript is in the
possession of his nephew, John S. Schaeffer, who in a
letter on the subject says : "When driving Uncle Doctor
over the hills of Old Sussex in quest of data and infor-
mation, I promised him I would spell my name in the old
German way, as he did. He also gave me the book, which
was sent to me, and of which I have been very choice. It
has been lent a number of times and is somewhat soiled
from long absence from home."

In preparing this manuscript for publication I have
thought its value would be enhanced by addmg some
historical notes, and especially by amplifying Casper
Schaeffer's public record, which is rather lightly touched

INTRODUCTION.

The accompanying historical sketch was prepared in
1855 by the Rev. Casper Schaeffer, M. D., of Phila-
delphia, who was a grandson of Casper Schaeffer, one of
the founders of Stillwater, Sussex County, New Jersey.
It contains an interesting and authentic account of people,
events and customs of a hundred years ago, and seems
well worthy of preservation. Local historians have often
made use of the manuscript copy, and extracts therefrom
have been freely published, but it has never before been
printed as a whole. As one of the descendants of Casper
Schaeffer, the Pioneer, through my father's maternal line,
I have found the story as told by Dr. Schaeffer an
entertaining one, and have ventured to put it in print for
my own satisfaction, and for the benefit of any of the
numerous other descendants of our common ancestor,
who may like to have this record in a permanent and
accessible form. The original manuscript is in the
possession of his nephew, John S. Schaeffer, who in a
letter on the subject says : "When driving Uncle Doctor
over the hills of Old Sussex in quest of data and infor-
mation, I promised him I would spell my name in the old
German way, as he did. He also gave me the book, which
was sent to me, and of which I have been very choice. It
has been lent a number of times and is somewhat soiled
from long absence from home."

In preparing this manuscript for publication I have
thought its value would be enhanced by addmg some
historical notes, and especially by amplifying Casper
Schaeffer's public record, which is rather lightly touched

INTRODUCTION.

Upon by his grandson. I have also added a Hst of his
descendants, in compiling which free use has been made
of the interesting and valuable "Genealogical Record of
the Descendants of Nathan Armstrong," published in
1895, by William Clinton Armstrong, A. M. I am in-
debted to Mr. Armstrong not only for permission to use
the contents of his book, but also for valuable suggestions
and assistance, and to my sister. Miss Laura C. Johnson,
for her help in compiling the genealogical record. Wil-
liam Nelson, Esq. has kindly read the proofs, and has
rendered important aid in preparing the manuscript for
the press. I desire to acknowledge my obligation to him
and to others who have responded to my request for
information.

A word as to the spelling of the family name may not
be inappropriate. Dr. Schaeffer, in the "Reminiscences,"
advocates the use of the spelling, "Schaeffer," which
he had adopted. An examination of the records of a
great number of deeds, wills and other documents shows
that this spelling was discarded in the life time of his
grandfather, whose name was usually written Shaver.
The name has been spelled variously Schaeffer, Schaffer,
Shaffer, Shaffar, Shaver, Shafer. I have examined the
will of the Pioneer on file in the Prerogative Court at
Trenton. It is impossible to decipher the signature,
which is that of a very infirm man. In the body of the
will the name is written Shaver. His sons gradually
assumed the spelling Shafer, although they frequently
wrote the name Shaver. Most of his descendants of that
name now write it Shafer.

William M. Johnson.
Hackensack, N. J., 1907.

THE PUBLIC SERVICES

OF

CASPER SCHAEFFER

CASPER SCHAEFFER:

A Pioneer and Revolutionary Patriot
of Sussex County, N. J.

His Public Services.
By WILLIAM M. JOHNSON.

The early part of the Eighteenth Century witnessed a
remarkable immigration of Germans to this country. The
condition of Germany at this time was deplorable. In-
numerable small principalities, with unstable governments,
were the scenes of discontent and oppression, where life
and property were subject to heavy burdens. Wars and
revolutions prevailed, burdensome taxes and oppressive
personal services were exacted from the people. Vast
numbers left their homes to endure the hardships of a long
and weary voyage to seek a new home in strange lands
across the Atlantic. Ship after ship sailed up the Dela-
ware from over the seas. It is estimated that from the
year 1700 to 1725, over 50,000 Germans reached Pennsyl-
vania, to enrich that province with a people of industry
and integrity, most of them thrifty and frugal, and many
bringing with them considerable wealth with which to
establish themselves in the new world.

Among these there came Casper Schaeffer, who
emigrated from the Palatinate. He is supposed to have
come over in the ship "Queen Elizabeth," Alexander
Hope, Master, from Rotterdam, last from Deal, England,

lO PUBLIC SERVICES OF CASPER SCHAEFFER.

arriving Sept. i6, 1738, at Philadelphia, where he
remained for two or three years. About 1741 or 1742
he went to the present site of Stillwater, then in the
wilderness, and became an extensive landed proprietor.
Here he set up a home, cutting off the forests and
subduing the cleared land to the plow. He erected a
grist-mill and saw-mill, and established other industries,
built up a trade with distant points, and became an influ-
ential and prosperous member of the community which he
had founded. The "Reminiscences" of Dr. Schaeffer set
out in vivid detail the struggles, hardships, and dangers
from the savages, attendant on the life of a pioneer in a
new and unsettled country. It presents to our view a
panorama of the social customs and personal characteris-
tics of the people of that day and neighborhood

His grandson, however, in these "Reminiscences" says
but little of the public life of Casper Schaeffer, the subject
of this sketch; but there is abundant evidence of the
important and active part he took in public affairs in the
struggle for American liberty. He was an ardent patriot,
and stood high in the estimation of his neighbors. We
find that in 1775 he was a member of the County Com-
mittee of Safety for Sussex County, and at a meeting held
at the Court House, Newton, August 10 and 11, he
attended as a delegate from Hardwick Township. At this
meeting means were taken to raise by tax the County's
quota of 10,000 pounds,! ordered by the Provincial Con-
gress of New Jersey for the purpose of raising money to
"purchase arms and ammunition and for other exigencies
of the Province." Casper Schaeffer (or Shaver, as his
name was now written), was appointed Collector of the
* $25,000.

PUBLIC SERVICES OF CASPER SCHAEFFER. 1 I

County to take charge of the funds to be raised under the
authority of the Committee of Safety. Much other busi-
ness pertaining to the cause was transacted at this meet-
ing, the minutes of which show that the delegates were
filled with an ardent patriotism and an earnest purpose to
uphold the cause of the Continental Congress. Nor were
Mr. Schaeffer's public services limited in their activity to
the County of Sussex. He was a delegate from that
county to the Provincial Congress of 1776, the most im-
portant of all of New Jersey's Provincial Congresses and
took his seat for the first time at the session begun at
Burlmgton, June 10, 1776. In this Congress the govern-
ment of the Colony was virtually lodged. It enacted laws
m the name of the Colony, and on the second of July
adopted a state constitution, and afterwards assumed the
title of the ''Convention of the State of New Jersey."
Having deposed the Royal governor, it created a free and
independent commonwealth. On June 22, 1776, it elected
as delegates to the Continental Congress Richard Stock-
ton, Abraham Clark, John Hart, Francis Hopkinson and
John Witherspoon, who afterwards became signers of the
Declaration of Independence, in pursuance of the follow-
ing instructions :

"The Congress empower and direct you, in the name of
this Colony, to join with the Delegates of the other
Colonies in Continental Congress, in the most vigorous
measures for supporting the just rights and liberties of
America. And, if you shall judge it necessary and ex-
pedient for this purpose, we empower you to join with
them in declaring the United Colonies independent of
Great Britain, entering into a confederacy for union and
common defence, making treaties with foreign nations

12 PUBLIC SERVICES OF CASPER SCHAEFFER.

for commerce and assistance, and to take such other
measures as to them and you may appear necessary for
these great ends, promising- to support them with the
whole force of this Province; always observing that,
whatever plan of confederacy you enter into, the regu-
lating the internal police of this Province is to be reserved
to the Colony Legislature."

On July 2, 1776, after careful discussion of the draught
of the Constitution of the new State, it was finally
adopted, and continued to be the fundamental law of the
State of New Jersey until superseded by the constitution
of 1844. On July 17, 1776, the following resolution was
passed : "Whereas, the Honourable Continental Congress
have declared the United Colonies, Free and Independent
States; We, the Deputies of New Jersey, in Provincial
Congress assembled, do resolve and declare. That we
will support the freedom and independence of the said
States with our lives and fortunes, and with the whole
force of New Jersey." This Provincial Congress sat for
many months, and besides adopting a constitution for the
government of the new State, enacted laws, organized the
militia, considered a vast number of questions designed to
promote the general welfare, and assumed all the powers
of the State. It has been said of this Congress: "from its
first meeting upon the 23rd of May, 1775, until its
dissolution, a period of fifteen months, this remarkable
assemblage of remarkable men had passed Ihrough a
complete metamorphosis. Designed as an advisory body,
it burst through its limitations, became declaratory, then
directory, and finally tentatively assumed all govern-
mental functions. For a few brief months in 1776, it was
the Legislature, the courts and the executive of the State;

PUBLIC SERVICES OF CASPER SCHAEFFER. 1 3

its power was supreme, its ordinances the final expression
of the will of the people. In its hands were life and death;
in its meetings at New Brunswick, Trenton and Burling-
ton, it wove the fabric of the State Constitution, gave
vigor to the first breathings of a national life, and shaped
more than any other representative body of Jerseymen the
destinies of the State."^ As one of this remarkable body,
Casper Schaeffer bore his full part in the arduous duties
devolving upon them.

Within a few days after the dissolution of this Provin-
cial Congress, the first Legislature of New Jersey met, on
August 27, 1776, at Princeton. Casper Shaver, Thomas
Peterson and Abia Brown were members of Assembly
from Sussex County. They took their seats on the
thirtieth day of August, in the Assembly held in the
College library. Casper Shaver also sat in the Assembly
in 1777, 1778 and 1779. An examination of the minutes
of these legislative sessions shows that he was faithful in
his attendance at the various meetings at Princeton,
Trenton, Burlington and Haddonfield. His vote is
recorded on almost every question, and always in favor
of the most vigorous and aggressive measures for carry-
ing on the war. New Jersey at this time was overrun by
the British army, and the Provincial Congress, and after-
wards the legislative bodies, found it convenient and
conducive to their safety to make frequent changes in
their places of meeting. Hence we find them now at
Princeton, then at Trenton or Burlington, and later on at
Haddonfield. In view of the difficulties of travel in those
days, over wretched roads, with but scanty public accom-
modations, it was no small task for the delegates from
^"New Jersey as a Colony and as a State," Lee, vol. 2, p. 119.

14 PUBLIC SERVICES OF CASPER SCHAEFFER.

Sussex to attend these sessions. Their service involved
absences of many months from home and business while
engaged in the work of legislating for the common good.
The records show that from August, 1776, to October,
1779, which covers the period of Mr. Schaeffer's public
service, he was in attendance at the Congress and Legis-
lature at least fifteen months in the aggregate. The pay
of a member was eight shillings per day, too insignificant
to tempt a prosperous man of afifairs to spend much time
far away from home. Nothing but an ardent patriotism
would justify the sacrifices involved in this service. He
was a member of the Legislature which sat in the old
Tavern at Haddonfield, now maintained by the State of
New Jersey, on which there is a tablet erected by the
Daughters of the American Revolution, bearing this
inscription :

WITHIN THIS BUILDING THEN A
TAVERN-HOUSE, THE COUNCIL OF
SAFETY FOR NEW JERSEY WAS
ORGANIZED MARCH i8tH, 1777-
HEREIN ALSO, IN SEPTEMBER OF
THE SAME YEAR THE LEGISLA-
TURE UNANIMOUSLY RESOLVED
THAT THEREAFTER THE WORD
"state" should be SUBSTITUTED
FOR "colony" in all PUBLIC
WRITS and COMMISSIONS.
1750. * 1900.

Tradition says that though a man of few words his
sturdy honesty and good sense commanded the respect of
his associates and made him influential and successful in

PUBLIC SERVICES OF CASPER SCHAEFFER. 1 5

his legislative work. His patriotism and the earnest
devotion of himself and family to the American cause are
shown by the fact that while he was diligently serving
the Colony and State as a representative in the Provincial
Congress and afterwards in the General Assembly, his
three sons were serving in the military forces of the state :
Peter, the eldest, as an officer throughout the Revolu-
tionary War, Abraham shouldering a musket and march-
ing to Morristown in aid of Washington, and Isaac, a
mere boy, taking an important command as captain and
conductor of a team brigade.

The public services and private activities of Casper
Schaeffer mark him as a man of more than ordinary
distinction. These "Reminiscences" tell the story of his
energy and enterprise in opening and developing the
resources of a new country. They show the busy and
successful man of affairs establishing industries and
building up a flourishing trade with distant points. It is
clear from the narrative that our pioneer was a man of
unusual endowment and force of character. Governed
by strong religious convictions, his influence was most
salutary and left a powerful impress on his family and on
the community in which he dwelt. He presents an
inspiring example of lofty patriotism, of civic virtue, of
earnest, useful and successful activities, inspired and
regulated by the principles of religion. His will, which
was made during his last sickness, illustrates his public
spirit by the bequests therein for charitable and pious
uses, for the benefit of the church and school house; such
bequests being less common in those days than in modern
times. He and his wife are buried in the old graveyard
at Stillwater, near the graves of his father-in-law, Johan

l6 PUBLIC SERVICES OF CASPER SCHAEFFER.

Peter Bernhardt, and his family. The following inscrip-
tion appears upon his headstone :

C S.

In memory of

Casper Shaver, who

departed this life Dec.

the 7th, 1784, in the 72

year of his age.

02

WILL OF CASPER SHAVER.

In the name of God, Amen, I, Casper Shaver, of Upper Hardwick,
in the county of Sussex, in the Province of New Jersey, Yeoman,
being sick and in a low state of health but of perfect understanding,
mind and memory, and considering the uncertain continuance of my
life and the many dangers and accidents it is liable to. and being
desirous to leave the small estate which God has been pleased to
bless me with, in my family with as much peace and union as may
be, and that I may have no cares of this world to entangle me at my
going out of it, I do make this my last will and testament in manner
as followeth, viz : and first, I resign my soul to the most Merciful
God that made it in hopes thro' the alone merits of my blessed
Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ to have a joyful resurrection to life
eternal in heaven. And my body I commit to the grave to be
decently buried at the discretion of my executors hereinafter named.
And as for my temporal goods 1 give, devise and dispose of as
follows.

First. I give unto my beloved wife Catherine her choice of any
two rooms on the lower floor in the house where I now live. Also
the choice of two rooms above, and as much beds and bedding and
household furniture as she shall think necessary for her use. Also
one riding horse or mare, side saddle, and two cows and to be kept
on the place she now lives on at the expense of said place as they
keep their own. It is my will and order that my loving wife have
also after my decease the privileges of the orchards to use as much
apples as she stands in need of at her discretion. And my son or
sons to make her as much cider as she wants for her own use. and
as much of the garden as sKe"^all think necessary.

I also order my said three sons Peter, Abraham and Isaac to pay
out of my estate each of them annually, yearly and every year, the
sum of twelve pounds in gold or silver during her widowhood or
bearing my name, or if she should see cause to alter her condition
after my decease she must be denied all the aforesaid privileges.
But in case my said widow should see cause to alter her condition
and marry I do order she be paid yearly and every year, four pounds
money as aforesaid a piece by my three sons for her support during
her life.^ And to have one bed and furniture sufficient for said bed
and cupboard, one chest of drawers and kitchen furniture, and at
her decease all the aforesaid chests and furniture to return to my
aforesaid three sons.

I give and bequeath unto my daughter Margaret A. Roy a certain
tract of land lying on the South side of the Road leading from
Sussex Court House to East Town purchased from John Corson
containing one hundred and sixty-eis?ht acres.

I also order my three sons, Peter, Abraham and Isaac to pay unto
my aforesaid daughter Margaret after my decease, the sum of Fifty-

1 That is, $10 by each, or $30 in all.

[2

1 8 WILL OF CASPER SHAVER.

seven pounds within one year after my decease to be equally paid by
them that is to say, nineteen pounds apiece money as aforesaid. It
is my will that my executors pay out of my estate in the first place
the several sums of money or legacies respectivelv, that as follows
to my son Abraham's son Casper, the sum of Twenty pounds in
gold or silver. Also the sum of Forty pounds money aforesaid unto
Mary Caroline Roy. Also twenty pounds money as aforesaid unto
Catrin Shaver daughter of my son Peter Shaver money as aforesaid.
Also twenty pounds to Mary Shaver daughter of Abraham Shaver
money as aforesaid. All which said sums I order to be paid to those
my grand-children by my executors when they come of age. It is
also my will that if any of said children should die before they come
of age' their part of said legacies be equally divided amongst my
heirs.

I do also give and bequeath for a charitable and pious use the
sums of money as followeth :

Fourteen pounds'* I give and bequeath unto the Dutch Meeting
House to be on interest, and said interest annually to repair the
breaches of the aforesaid house. It is also my desire that the frame
school house built near the aforesaid Dutch Meeting House for the
use of both Dutch and English learning be finished by the aforesaid
estate and assistance of the neighbors. Said money for said houses
to be paid out of my moveable estate and said school house to be
kept in repair by said estate twenty-five years, accidents of fire ex-
cepted.

It is my will and order that after my decease the remainder of my
real estate consisting of both lands and mills be equally divided
amongst my three sons Peter, Abraham and Isaac, according to
quantity and quality as they can agree when all debts and lawful
demands are discharged according to this my last will and testa-
ment, to them and their heirs forever.

It is also my will and order that my moveable estate be equally
divided between my son Peter, Abraham, Isaac and my daughter
Margaret to them and their heirs forever.

Lastly I make, constitute and appoint my three sons Peter,
Abraham and Isaac, Executors of this my last will and testament.

In Witness Whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal this
nineteenth day of November, in the year of our Lord one thousand
seven hundred and eighty-four.

CASPER SHAVER. (L. S.)

Signed, Sealed, Published and Declared by the Testator to be his
Last Will and Testament in the presence of us who have in the
Testator's presence and at his request hereunto set our names.

Isaac Pettit,

Thomas Hunt,

Wm. Hankinson.

N. B. The riding horse or mare and cows within mentioned it is
my will my wife shall have during her life.

2 That is. $35.

WILL OF CASPER SHAVER, 1 9

Thomas Hunt and William Hankinson two of the witnesses to
the foregoing will being duly sworn according to law did severally
depose and say that they saw Casper Shaver the Testator therein
named sign and seal the same and heard him publish, pronounce and
declare the foregoing writing to be his last will and testament; and
that at the doing thereof the said testator was of sound and dis-
posing mind and memory as far as these deponents know and as
they verily believe and that Isaac Pettit the other subscribing witness
was present at the same time and signed his name as a witness to the
said will together with these deponents in the presence of the said
Testator.

Wm. Hankinson.

Sworn at Newton the 6th December, 1786, before me.

Thomas Anderson, Surrogate.

The foregoing Will being proved Probate was granted by His
Excellency William Livingston Esqr. unto Peter B. Shaver, Abra-
ham Shaver, Isaac Shaver, Executors in the said will named they
being first duly sworn well and truly to perform the same, exhibit
a true and perfect inventory and render a just and true account
when thereunto lawfully required. Given under the Prerogative Seal
the day and year above said.

BowES Reed, Regr.

Recorded in Liber 28 of Wills, page 460.

REV. CASPER SCHAEFFER, M. D.

Casper Schaeffer, the son of Col. Abraham and Sarah
(Armstrong) Shafer, was born at Stillwater, N. J., June
lo, 1784. His boyhood was spent at Stillwater, attending
the school in the neighborhood. He subsequently went
to the famous classical school of Rev. Dr. Finley at
Baskingridge. In 1809 he was a student of medicine in
the University at Philadelphia. He commenced the
practice of his profession in that city, and it is said built
up quite an extensive practice. His first marriage was on
May 17, 1 8 10, with Clarissa Golden, who died in 18 16,
their children dying in infancy. In 1818 he married Mrs.
Sarah Hahn, by whom he had a number of children (see
Genealogical Record). His thoughts turning toward the
ministry we find that in 1823, at the age of thirty-nine, he
was a student in the Theological Seminary at Princeton,
where he spent one year. He was licensed to preach by
the Presbytery of Philadelphia, April 23, 1824, and was
dismissed to the Classis of Philadelphia (German
Reformed), April 17, 1827. There is no record of his
ever having been installed as pastor, but he continued to
preach until owing to an affection of the throat he was
compelled to give up clerical labors, and resumed the
work of a practicing physician. He, however, failed to
regain as extensive a practice as he had enjoyed before
entering the Seminary. At the time of his death he was
a member and officer of the First German Reformed
Church of Philadelphia, and late in life preached there
occasionally in the absence of the pastor. His scholarly
attainments are shown by the fact that he taught his two
younger daughters Hebrew when they were quite young.

REV. CASPER SCHAEFFER, M. D. 21

He frequently visited Stillwater, for which he always
maintained the liveliest interest and affection. In the
latter years of his life he spent considerable time collect-
ing data for the Reminiscences of the Schaeffer Family,
which he completed in 1855. His nephew, John S.
Schaeffer, states :

"It was the custom of my uncle to visit my father, who
owned the house, farm and mill jointly with my uncle
Finley. This land was a portion of the original tract
purchased from the London Company, whose charter was
given by King George of England. During these visits
he was always seeking information about his ancestors,
and looking for relics, one of which was the old German
Bible, which he finally traced to a German family by the
name of Krouse. The Bible afterwards went into the
hands of Halstead Shafer. In personal matters he was
very precise in his manner and neat in dress. It was the
custom to have all gathered in the parlor, after breakfast,
for morning prayers ; and before kneeling, it was his habit
to spread his colored silk handkerchief on the floor to
kneel upon. His neck-wear was a three-cornered silk
handkerchief on a stock, which was worn in those days.
He was extremely fond of fruit, and particularly of purple
raspberries, of which there was an abundance. In stature
he was tall and very erect. He had very thin hair, and
was of ministerial appearance, very reserved and precise
in his manner."

His death, which was sudden, was due to heart trouble,
and occurred Aug. 3, 1857. His grave is in the Laurel
Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia.^

^ I am indebted to E. Augustus Miller, Esq., of Philadelphia, for
the picture of Dr. Schaeffer, his grandfather.

MEMOIRS and REMINISCENCES

OF MY ANCESTORS AND RELATIVES,

TOGETHER WITH SKETCHES OF THE EARLY
HISTORY OF MY NATIVE COUNTY.

By the REV. CASPER SCHAEFFER, M. D.

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

I have long been desirous of knowing more of the early
history of my ancestors than I am in possession of, con-
sequently I have for the last two or three years been
making anxious inquiry from every probable source of
information to obtain light on these interesting subjects.
But I find, much to my regret, that there are few persons
remaining who are able to add much to the small stock of
materials now in my possession. Almost all those who
could have given the desired information have passed ofif
the stage.

My parents, not deeming it of sufficient importance to
sit down and give a detail of historical facts and events,
and giddy youth not appreciating its value, neglected to
make the requisite records; hence I am left to my own
scanty resources, reminiscences of facts and anecdotes
incidentally gathered up from casual remarks and obser-
vations of my parents and others. These facts and
incidents thus obtained, and treasured up on the tablets of
memory, I now proceed to put upon record, and endeavor
thus to rescue them as interesting relics from oblivion, for
my own satisfaction as well as that of my friends and
relatives.

First, then, I shall begin with my paternal ancestry, as
being first in the order of time.

My great-grandfather, Johan Peter Bernhard, came
to this country, leaving Germany in 1730; coming by way
of London, and finding the season advanced and the
weather unpropitious, he tarried there for the winter,
during which time his youngest daughter was born. In

26 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

the following year, 1731,^ he arrived with his wife and
three daughters in Philadelphia, and settled a few miles
from the city, near Germantown or Whitemarsh, and
engaged in agriculture and sending produce to the market.
How long he continued to reside in this situation is
uncertain — probably some ten years, after which he re-
moved with his family over into New Jersey, and settled
on the "Tehoenetcong" or Paulinskill, at or near the
present site of Stillwater, many years before the County
of Sussex was set off from that of Morris, of which it was
originally a part. In this vicinity, it seems, the old gentle-
man purchased three farms, one for each daughter.
Whether Mr. Bernhard or Grandfather Schaeffer first led
the way to Stillwater, or whether they came together, I
have no means of ascertaining. I am rather inclined to
think, however, that my grandfather came first, as will
appear more probable from what is to follow. There
seems to be some obscurity in the thread of their history
about this period. Here the old gentleman, after bestow-
ing his two eldest daughters in marriage, one to Grand-
father Schaeffer, the other to "Old Uncle Wintermute,"

^ Rupp, in his "Collection of upwards of 30,000 Names of German,
etc. Immigrants into Pennsylvania," gives the following entries,
inter alia:

Sept. 16, 1738. Palatines imported in the Ship "Queen Elizabeth,"
Alexander Hope, Master, from Rotterdam, last from Deal, England,
in all 300, Casper Scheffer.

Sept. 3, 1739. Palatines imported in ship "Robert & Alice," Walter
Goodman, Commander, from Rotterdam, last from Deal, C.\sper
Shever.

Sept. 14, 1741. Palatines imported in the ship "St. Mark." Wilson,
Master, from Rotterdam, last from Cowes, Johan Peter Bern hart.

It will be observed that the date of Johan Peter Bernhart's migra-
tion to this country does not correspond with the date on his
tombstone, where it is given as 1731. The latter date was inscribed
after his death, how long no one knows, and doubtless from memory.
while Rupp's arrivals are arranged chronologically from the original
records, and would therefore seem more likely to be correct.

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 2/

Spent the remainder of his days, closing- his life on the
28th of August, 1748, seventeen years after his arrival in
America. His body was the first one interred in the
German burial ground at Stillwater. I presume that my
grandfather did not arrive in this country (America) at
quite so early a period as Grandfather Bernhard, and that
probably an acquaintance existed between the parties in
Germany before coming to America.

The youngest daughter of Mr. Bernhard, about the
year 1760 married a gentleman by the name of Arrison, a
widower and a native of Holland, who by his two wives
was blessed with a numerous offspring — each one pre-
senting him with eight children. He in process of time
removed with his family to Shamokin near Sunbury, Pa.,
from whence, after residing there a number of years, they
were driven away by the Indians in the time of the Revo-
lutionary War, and fled back to Sussex, losing nearly all
their property, both lands and effects. The old gentleman
did not long survive this catastrophe. I well remember
four of his children, who, it will be borne in mind, were
own cousins to my father : two sons and two daughters,
Jeptha and John, Polly and Susan. Jeptha lived and
raised a family in New Jersey, first residing near Still-
water many years; afterward some years at Flemington
in Hunterdon Co. ; at a later period of his life he removed
with his family to the state of Ohio, where he subse-
quently died. Some of his children are still residing on
his premises there and in the vicinity. Mr. Arrison was
a man of sterling piety and excellent character. He was
a mill-wright by trcde, but latterly pursued agriculture.

John at an early day followed his trade of blacksmith
at Stillwater; but subsequently, about the year 1793 or 4,

2 8 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

he went to Philadelphia and engaged in the grocery
business in partnership with a man by the name of Fulton.
About the year 1795 or 6, he married a widow by the
name of Martha Graham, the daughter of a Mr. Fox of
Philadelphia, by whom he raised a family of children,
most of whom are still residing here. As to his religious
character, he at one period held rather skeptical views of
divine revelation. But subsequently, after having ex-
perienced a diversity of fortune and buffeting the adversi-
ties of life, he made a goodly profession of religion, and
closed his earthly pilgrimage in the hope of the Gospel.
He died Jan. 22nd, 1828, aged 62 years.

Mrs. Arrison survived her husband many years. She
enjoyed in her youthful days an intimate acquaintance
with the celebrated Mrs. Madison, who subsequently
became the wife of the late President Madison. Mrs.
Arrison died in 1837. in the 70th year of her age. Sukey
or Susanna Arrison at my earliest remembrance married
William Lauterman, who was my father's first miller at
Stillwater for many years. They afterwards removed to
what was the Redstone country, near Pittsburg. Polly,
who was, I believe, the oldest of the family, was a lady of
rather superior mental endowments, of fine tastes and
exemplary piety. She, at an age somewhat past the
bloom of life, married a respectable gentleman from
Ireland, by the name of Graham, who was one of my
school teachers in my youth. They afterwards removed
to Virginia, where they resided many years, and I think
ended their days. I had the pleasure of meeting in this
city a very intelligent elderly lady from Lancaster by the
name of Pancoast, who is the only child of Mr. and Mrs.
Graham, from whom I derived several important items

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 29

of the above information relating to her and my ancestry.
I have no means at hand of ascertaining the precise
time of my grandfather's arrival in this country.
•Whether he accompanied grandfather Bernhard, whether
he preceded him, or came shortly after his coming, there
is no absolute certainty. There is reason, however, to
suppose that not only he, but "Old Uncle Wintermute"
also came over in company with or shortly after his
arrival. Whether they were married to the old gentle-
man's daughters before coming to this country is also
uncertain. The strong presumption is, however, that the
parties were acquainted with each other while yet in
Germany. This fact is, I believe, well ascertained, viz :
that they all arrived in Philadelphia. I suppose my
grandfather was the first to go to New Jersey, as I have
understood from my father that while in Philadelphia he
purchased land in Stillwater, of a landed proprietor by the
name of Cowell, residing in Philadelphia. ^ He settled

* Perhaps the purchase was from Ebenezer Cowell, of Trenton, a
surveyor, and connected with the West Jersey Council of Pro-
prietors.

Casper Bernhardt Shafer of Washing-ton, D. C, has in his posses-
sion an original parchment deed dated May 23, 1763, made by the
Trustees of the Pennsylvania Land Company in London by their
attorneys in fact, to Caspar Shaffer of the Township of Hardwick,
County of Sussex, and Western Division of the Province of New
Jersey. The deed is recorded in the Secretary's office in Burlington
in Book X of Deeds, fol. 316, and conveys lands in the township of
Hardwick, the same having been sold at auction in the city of
Philadelphia, Oct. 23, 1761, to said Caspar Shaffer, and described as
follows :

Beginning at a black oak tree standing by a small run of water,
for a corner, thence along one of the outside lines of the whole tract
and by land of the said Caspar Shaffer south 66 degrees East, 65
chains to a white oak tree ; thence by the same South 49 degrees
West, 74 chains to a white oak tree ; thence by land of Jacob Dot-
terer South 28 degrees West, 66 chains to a heap of stones ; thence
by land of Adam Kunekle, North 25 degrees West, 83 chains and 50
links, to a black oak standing in one of the old lines ; thence by the

30 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

down at Stillwater about the year 1741 or 42 in the
wilderness surrounded by the Indians. His first habita-
tion was a rude log cabin built at the foot of the hill, near
the brook, a few rods west of the present tannery, over
and around a large stump, which, being smoothed off on
the top, served as their first table.

His next object was to clear and prepare the land for
raising a crop of grain. The crop once secured, the next
thing was to devise means to prepare it for food, and to
this end he set about erecting a small mill on the Paulin-
skill. To create a water power, he threw a low dam of
cobble stones, filled in with gravel, across the stream. He
then proceeded to drive in the ground, at the west end of
the dam, piles, over which he erected his log mill super-
structure; and having water wheel, gearing and other
suitable appliances, and introducing his three-foot run of
stones, it was now ready for business. Its dimensions
being small, its execution was on a corresponding scale,
from three to five bushels being the ordinary quantity it
would grind in a day. Yet moderate as was this per-
formance, it answered the demands of the sparsely settled
country for many miles around. This was probably the
first mill erected in all the County of Sussex. I have
many times in my youth seen the remains of the piles on
which the old mill was built.

same North 64 degrees East, 43 chains to a white oak tree; thence
along the same North 36 degrees East, 46 chains to the place of
beginning. Containing 628 acres of land strict measure.

By a reference in a deed from Catharine Nixon to Abraham
Shaver, dated Dec. 27, 1784, recorded in the Sussex County Clerk's
office. Liber O of Deeds, page 46, it appears that John Reading and
Samuel Green conveyed to Casper Shaver by deed dated June 17,
1746, recorded in Book X of Deeds page 320 (Secretary's Office,
Burlington), a tract of 150 acres, adjoining Casper Shaver's mill dam
on the south side of the Kill.

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 3 I

About this time the old gentleman planted an apple
orchard on the low alluvial ground between his dwelling
and the kill, the trees in which grew to a majestic size,
some of them attaining to over three feet in diameter at
the butt. Another orchard was subsequently planted by
him on the higher ground at the rear of his dwelling.
After enlarging his clearance, and extending the culture
of his farm, the next object that engaged the attention of
my grandfather was the erection of a comparatively large
two storied stone mansion on the top of the hill at the foot
of which the first rude habitation was built. I suppose
the time when the stone house was built was a little before
the middle of the last century. The style of the building
was real German, of the old fashion ; a large entry or hall
on the left as you enter, a large stove room on the right,
with immense stack of chimneys in the center, with large
open fireplace in the entry. The stove room was originally
heated by a five-plate stove, walled into the back of the
large fireplace, the body of it projecting into the stove
room and its mouth opening into the entry fireplace, into
which the wood was put, and the fire kindled. Subse-
quently the room was heated by a ten-plate stove, with a
pipe leading into the chimney in a more modern style. I
recollect often in my youth to have seen his little 6 by 8
feet stove room, situated in the left hand corner of the
wide entry of the old stone mansion house.

About the year 1764 the second mill was built, on the
site of the present one, having a head race about a quarter
of a mile long, and twenty-five or thirty feet wide, by
which a greater fall and water power were obtained.
This mill, though not large, was a great advance upon the
former one, containing two run of stones, with bolts and

32 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

other appurtenances, rendering it much more efficient and
better adapted to meet the wants of the more advanced
state of society. Connected with this estabhshment there
was also a sawmill and oil-mill. This grist mill was
rebuilt in 1796-97, upon a larger scale than its prede-
cessor; containing three run of stones, with machinery to
hoist the grain from the wagon up into the second and
third stories.

The operations of this mill I superintended for five
years, from 1798 to 1803, when I left home to attend the
grammar school of Rev. Dr. Finley at Baskingridge.
This last mill was burnt down a few years ago, in place
of which the present much improved one was speedily
erected. It is a matter of much interest to contemplate
the progress of improvement in point of convenience and
efficiency, between the old mill of 1764 and the present
one. In the former every bushel of grain must be borne
on the miller's shoulder up a heavy out-side flight of stairs
into the second story, and when manufactured must be
shouldered out again into the wagon or on the horse's
back; whereas in the present mill the grain is taken from
the wagon by machinery up into the second or third story,
where it is cleaned, conveyed into the hopper, ground,
elevated, again bolted, packed in barrels or sacks and slid
down into the wagon from the second story, and all this
with comparatively little manual labor. Also with the
same water power it can perform three times as much
work as the old mill, and that of a better quality.

At an early day, some time prior to the Revolution, and
before any mill-dams were erected on the Paulinskill, my
grandfather's attention was drawn to the navigation of
the same, and by careful explorations he became satisfied

Stone Mill, erected 1844.

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 33

that during the spring freshets a boat of suitable size and
structure might be safely floated down the stream to the
Delaware river. Accordingly, having a boat of suitable
size and form constructed, he successfully navigated the
stream, carrying flour and other produce down to the
Philadelphia market, and in return receiving such goods
as the wants of the country in its primitive state seemed
to demand. Thus he commenced in a small way, increas-
ing gradually as the advanced civilization and growing
wants of the country seemed to call for. His operations
in this way were at this period necessarily small.

Subsequently, but yet at an early day, having learned
from the Indians of the existence of a town away far to
the south east, called by them Lispatone,i he journeyed in
that direction some fifty miles over the mountains and
through the almost trackless wilderness, until he finally
arrived at the veritable town, bearing the royal name of
"the good Queen Bess" of revered memory, where he
commenced trading in his small way. And thus he was
the pioneer in opening a profitable and important com-
mercial intercourse between the south eastern sea-board.
and that part of New Jersey, which has continued
mightily to increase and expand with the growing popu-
lation and civilization of the country, and is now as yet
only in its infancy. Commercial intercourse at that early
period, and for many years afterwards, was divided
between Philadelphia and New York, but latterly, for that
part of the country, it concentrates principally in the
latter city.

During the "Old French War" of 1754-5 the people of

^ Elizabeth-Town.
[3

34 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

the Colonies were very much annoyed, and their lives
often put in jeopardy, by the hostility of the savages, who,
being in league with the French, were induced to take up
arms against the Colonies. And no part of the land,
however obscure, escaped their cruel visitations. As a
precautionary measure in these circumstances, my grand-
father had his house surrounded with a stockade or
fortification of sufficient strength to resist the hostile
attacks of the Indians, into which the neighbors, upon any
threatening demonstration of the savage foe, would flee
for shelter and safety.

As an illustration of the trying scenes to w^hich they
were frequently exposed in those troublesome times, I
have heard my father relate the following anecdote, viz :
that on a certain night, when the savages showed an
unusually threatening aspect, yelling and whooping
around the house as if preparing for an immediate attack,
my grandfather, being at the time alone with his family,
fastened the house and started to run across the fields to
his brother-in-law Wintermute's to procure help, but
finding himself hotly pursued by one of the enemy, and
likely to be overtaken by his more fleet adversary, he
turned upon him, and being an athletic man, seized, threw
and with his garters tied the Indian hand and foot, leaving
him prostrate while he pursued his way and procured the
desired assistance. This state of alarm and distress con-
tinued until the cessation of hostilities between France
and England, which occurred some years later and was
ratified by the treaty of Paris, Nov. 3, 1762.^

^The preliminaries were signed November 3, 1762, as stated above.
The definitive treaty, known as the Peace of Paris, was concluded
February lo, 1763.

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 35

Another anecdote I have heard my father relate, going
to ilkistrate the same point, tho' I beheve the occurrence
took place in time of the Revolutionary War. It was as
follows : A Mr. Depew, a respectable gentleman living
near the Delaware River, on the other side of the Blue
Mountains, being assailed by a party of Indians who broke
into his house at midnight with murderous intent, and he
being aroused from his slumbers, seized his loaded gun
and leveled it at the foremost aggressor, who, realizing
his danger, uttered the peculiar Indian exclamation
"Ugh," dodged away and fled. So acted the next, and
another and another. And thus by his great prudence and
presence of mind, without firing his gun, he succeeded in
driving the whole gang from his dwelling, and saved him-
self and family from the tomahawk and scalping knife.^

I would here remark that before any mill dams were
erected to obstruct their ascent, shad were caught in the
Paulinskill, their size exceeding those brought to the
Philadelphia market. The largest and fattest shad I ever
saw were caught in the Delaware river on the opposite
side of the mountain from Stillwater. The principal fish
now taken in the kill are pikes, chubs, catfish, suckers and
eels.

I suppose the first mills erected on the Paulinskill below
Stillwater, were those of my Uncle Peter B. ShaefTer at
Fall Mills, five miles lower down the stream, who com-
menced operations there about the close of the Revolu-

^This incident is related by Benjamin B. Edsall, in his historical
address at the centennial anniversary of Sussex County, in 1853.
The speaker evidently had the use of Dr. Schaeffer's manuscript,
which he quotes almost literally. He, however, ascribes the Depew
occurrence to the period of the Indian incursion in 1755. As to this
invasion see N. J. Archives, VIII., Part II., passim ; XVI., 560-585 ;

XIX., 552-579.

36 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

tionary War. The principal thing which drew my uncle's
attention to the place, was the excellent water-power, of
about ten-foot fall; otherwise, the locality as a place of
residence had few attractions. The place, to the eye of the
observer, presents a particularly wild and picturesque
aspect. The stream for two miles above and below is
flanked on either side by lofty precipitous hills, from two
to three hundred feet high. The mill, a large four-
storied frame building, containing three run of stone, is
jutted down close under the bluff of the hill, which rises
at an angle of more than 45 degrees, to an altitude of more
than one hundred feet. The large stone mansion perched
above the brow of the hill overlooks the mill and stream
below, no parapet wall or defence of any kind intervening
to prevent a frightful descent of horse and carriage, etc.
The great road which passes between the house and the
edge of the precipice leads you on with your vehicle in a
westwardly direction for about one or two hundred yards ;
you then make a short turn about to the left, descending
at pretty rapid grade easterly along the dug road until
you are landed at the bottom of the hill upon an area of
some extent, which, being excavated out of the bottom of
the hill, gradually slopes down to the edge of the mill
pond. A large thick stone wall on the north and east sides
of the area guards it from an avalanche of the hill. You
now, in continuing your course, turn a little to the right
and descend on the sloping plateau nearly to the brink of
the water. You then form a complete circle to the left
about, and taking a westwardly course in front of the grist
and sawmill, you strike into the lower road, which passes
the one by which you just descended the hill at an acute
angle leaving it to the right. And now, continuing on for

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 37

about two hundred yards down the stream along the foot
of the hill, you turn short to the left and pass over the
bridge that spans the kill. The appearance of this place in
its primitive, uncultivated state must have been singu-
larly wild and forbidding; and the undertaking and ac-
complishment of the work effected here proves that my
uncle possessed a more than ordinary degree of moral
courage, enterprise and perseverance, especially consider-
ing the state of the country at the time when the work was
executed. On a recent visit to the place, I was surprised
and pained to see how much the premises had suffered
for want of care, especially about the mill. The high
stone wall against the hill, for instance, had disappeared
entirely, not to speak of other marks of decay.

The Marksboro mill, also romantically situated, was
built at a somewhat later period by the late Hon. Mark
Thomson, who represented the district of Morris and
Sussex in the U. S. Congress for one or two terms during
the administration of Washington. ^ This mill is situated
about two miles up the stream from Fall Mills.

The late Judge Armstrong, about the year 1 790, erected
a forge on the Paulinskill about two miles below Fall
Mills for the purpose of making refined bar-iron from pig
metal. I suppose it to have been the first establishment of

^The records of the Adjutant General's office, Trenton, show that
Mark Thomson was commissioned Lieutenant Colonel, First Regi-
ment, Sussex County, New Jersey Militia, July 22, 1775 ; Lieutenant
Colonel, Colonel Charles Stewart's Battalion of Minute-Men,
February 15, 1776; Colonel, First Regiment, Sussex County, New
Jersey Militia, July 10, 1776; Colonel, Battalion of Detached New
Jersey Militia, July 18, 1776; resigned, date unknown — during the
Revolutionary War. Lieutenant Colonel and Aide-de-Camp, Staff
of Governor Richard Howell of New Jersey, June 10, 1793. Died,
Marksboro, Sussex County, New Jersey, December 14, 1803.

He was one of the five Representatives from New Jersey, in the
fourth and fifth Congresses, 1795-1799.

38 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

the kind in the country. This concern, owing principally
to heavy transportation, was a very expensive one, he hav-
ing to cart his pig metal twelve or fifteen miles over the
mountain from Oxford furnace, and his charcoal several
miles over the hills in the vicinity of the Blue Mountains,
besides having to convey his manufactured iron to a
distant market. The forge was continued some 12 or 15
years, when it gave place to a grist mill erected by the
Judge upon the opposite side of the stream. The name
of the place is Paulina.

I will here just allude, in passing, to a geological
feature of the region around Stillwater. The valley of the
Paulinskill for miles above and below Stillwater, is of
limestone formation of a mile or more in width, bordered
on each side by a slatey soil, which on the side northward
extends to the Blue Mountains ; the country rising in that
direction hill above hill, attaining an altitude of several
hundred feet before it reaches the foot of the mountain.
The slatey soil in all that mountain district is intermixed
with an abundant supply of granite boulders and cobble
stones capable of being formed into solid and permanent
stone fence. Their decomposition also, which they
naturally undergo by ploughing and exposure to frost,
air and rain, produces good soil. This region, though
rugged, is capable by good husbandry of yielding
abundantly of the cereals, roots and fruits. The situa-
tion being elevated the fruit is less liable to be injured by
frost than in the low ground of Stillwater. On the
opposite side of the kill, the limestone deposits extend for
about three-quarters of a mile. Then commences the slate
region which stretches for several miles to another lime-
stone formation. Within about half a mile to the north-

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 39

west of Stillwater lies the Catfish Pond, in the midst of
surrounding- limestone hills, containing an inexhaustible
deposit of white shell marl, which in dry seasons is very-
accessible, and is well known as an invaluable fertilizer of
the soil. There is also a similar deposit in Esquire
Merckle's meadow half a mile to the southeast of Still-
water.

My grandfather and family in regard to politics were
all staunch Whigs, bearing their full share of toil through
the Revolutionary struggle.^ My father at one time,
shouldering his musket, marched with a company of
volunteers to Morristown at the call of Washington when
he lay encamped there with the American Army in the
winter of 1777. Continuing to cherish these patriotic
sentiments, and naturally leaning to the popular side, my
father and his brothers consequently sympathized with
the French Republicans in the early part of their struggle
for liberty. But, on the other hand, they cherished no
cordiality with and highly disapproved of the horrors
subsequently practised by the leaders in that mighty con-

^ By the records of the Adjutant General's office, Trenton, it
appears that :

Peter Barnet Shaver was commissioned First Lieutenant, Cap-
tain Aaron Hankinson (ist) Company, Colonel Ephraim Martin's
Regiment, Sussex County, New Jersej' Militia, July 26, 1775 ; resi-
dence. Upper Hardwick Township, Sussex County, New Jersey;
Captain, Colonel Aaron Hankinson's Second Regiment, Sussex
County, New Jersey, Militia; commission issued May 16, 1777;
commanding company, capturing tories in Sussex County, April 6
to II, 1777; commanding company, attached to Colonel Sylvanus
Seeley's Battalion, Eastern Regiment, Morris County, New Jersey,
Militia, at Elizabeth, January 22 to February 25, 1778; commanding
company, along the Upper Delaware River, July 30 to October 14,
1778; on return to January, 1781, with remark "Present"; final
record unknown, — during the Revolutionary War.

Isaac Shaver was in commission as Captain and Conductor of
Team Brigade, Wagonmaster General's Department, New Jersey
without date, — during the Revolutionary War.

40 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

vulsion. And when, about this time, and subsequently .
party Hues began to be drawn in this country, their inbred
and almost instinctive love of country inclined them to the
popular, rather than to the aristocratic side, and, of course,
to identify themselves with the democracy of the Jeffer-
sonian school. Their descendants, taking counsel of their
fathers and standing upon the same broad and patriotic
platform, took sides with the party opposed to the high-
handed measures and arbitrary acts of the Jackson
administration. In this relation to their country I trust
they will ever be found.

At the time of the organization of the militia system of
the United States by act of Congress during the Adminis-
tration of Washington, 1791 or 2, great military enthusi-
asm prevailed at that period in our part of the country.
That was the great hobby that engaged all hearts and
hands for the time. My uncle, Peter B. Schaeffer, bore
the commission of Major. Father raised and commanded
a volunteer troop of horse, which comprised most of the
elite of the young men of that part of the country. Uncle
Isaac raised and commanded a large company of militia;
and in order to have good music on parade, he procured
the services of Mr. Peter Belers, who had been a drum
major in the Revolutionary Army, residing at the time on
the other side of the Blue Mountains. He was the most
expert performer on the drum-head I ever witnessed.
Nothing could exceed the beauty of his motions perform-
ing some of his most difficult pieces, the buttons of his
drumsticks being confined in the meantime within the
compass oi a dollar. Cousin Joseph and myself and little
Archie caug'ht the inspiration and were placed under his
tuition. And commencing with the first rudiments of

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 4 1

"Daddy Mammy," etc., and engaging with ardor in our
new vocation, we at length attained some tolerable pro-
ficiency in this department of military music. The height
of our ambition then \vas to flourish in "Red Coats" and
lead the march of the regiment on parade days.

At the time of the Western expedition, in the fall of
1794, father and his troop of horse volunteered in the
service, and marched with the army to Fort Pitt to quell
the "Whiskey Boys." At Bedford, on their march, all
the field officers had the honor of an introduction to the
"Father of his Country," who there met them to review
the army, and give counsel to the officers. They were
three months engaged in this expedition, my father re-
turning home in December.^

I suppose the first fulling-mill erected in this county
was that by the late Peter Wintermute, about half a mile
below Stillwater. The mill was driven by a large spring
issuing out of the hill at that place, being the embouchure
of a brook which, losing itself about a mile back in the
M^oods, makes its way through subterranean limestone
caverns and emerges at this place. 1 suppose the age of

'The records of the office of the Adjutant General, Trenton, show
that Abraham Shaver was commissioned Captain, commanding
Iroop, Second Squadron, Second Regiment, Cavalry, New Jersey
Detached Mihtia, in the Pennsylvania Insurrection, September ii,
1794, for three months; residence, Sussex Countv, New Jersey;
honorably discharged December 25, 1794.

Abraham Shaver, Jr., served as a Corporal, Captain Abraham
Shavers Troop of Light Dragoons (Sussex County). Second
Squadron, Second Regiment, Cavalry, Major Commandant William
Leddel, Brigadier General Anthony Walton White's Brigade of
Cavalry, New Jersey Detached Militia, Pennsylvania Insurrection of
1794; enrolled September 11, 1794. for three months; discharged
at Trenton, New Jersey, December 25, 1794,— expiration of service.
He was born Dec. 4, 1775, died August 8, 1824, buried at Yellow
Frame Grave Yard.

42 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

this mill will date prior to the Revolution, as it was an old
establishment from my earliest remembrance.

I have no authentic information in regard to my grand-
father's ancestry. What immediate relations, or whether
he had any brothers and sisters, on this subject, to my
regret, I am entirely uninformed, neither do I know any-
thing of his history previous to his coming to this country,
except that he emigrated from the Palatinate, on or near
the river Rhine, one of the richest countries in Germany.
Coming as he did from a Protestant country and
community, his religious views and feelings were de-
cidedly of that cast, and being connected with the German
Reformed church of the Calvinistic school in his own
country, he very naturally took a leading part and was
prominent in the German Reformed congregation
worshiping at Stillwater.. But it seems he could not agree
in doctrinal views with the German ministers who
ordinarily supplied that pulpit; they inclining too much to
the low Arminian sentiment for his scriptural and Cal-
vinistic views of orthodoxy. Hence he found among the
Presbyterian ministers those of sentiments more congenial
to his own, which led him to fraternize more with them,

^ In "The Wintermute Family History," by J. P. Wintermute, it is
stated that John George Windemuth, who became the brother-in-
law of Casper Schaeffer, through marriage with one of the daughters
of Johan Peter Bernhardt, built the old stone house at the foot of
the lane running east from the main road, at a point a short distance
south of the cemetery. On the southerly end of the house are
inscribed in the wall his initials, "J. G. W., 1755." This homestead
was devised to his youngest son John. The large stone house on the
road near the Big Spring was erected by the Emigrator's son Peter,
the date of which is indicated by an inscription on the north gable,
"1791." This property was purchased by the late Martin R. Dennis
of Newark, N. J., who named the place "Bonnie Brook." It was
near this point that the elder Windemuth built, in about the year
1770, what is supposed to be the first fulling mill in Sussex County.

Peter "Windemuth's House, erected 1791,
noiv "Bonnie Brook."

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 43

and a special intimacy grew up between him and the Rev.
Ira Condit, the pious and very able pastor of the Hard-
wick church. These views and this course of the old
gentleman induced all his children to leave the German
and unite with the English Presbyterian church, though
he himself, I believe, continued in connection with the
German church to the close of his life.

The descendants of the old gentleman have almost all
continued in connection with the Presbyterian church to
the present day. The German Christians, though pos-
sessed of many excellent traits of character, are yet,
many of them, especially the foreign portion, too much
addicted to formalism and superstition, in illustration of
w^hich I will just relate a circumstance that occurred in
my grandfather's case. He, toward the close of his life,
becoming much attached to the Rev. Mr. Condit as above
intimated, requested him on his death bed to preach his
funeral sermon. But on the occasion, the Germans inter-
fered and would not allow the minister to enter the
church, he not being of their order; and lest peradventure
he might desecrate the place, he was compelled therefore
to address the people standing on the large flat stone in
front of the church.

My grandfather, Casper Schaeffer, died Dec. 7, 1784,
aged seventy-two years. My grandmother, Maria Catrina
Schaeffer, died Dec. i, 1794, in the seventy-third year of
her age. Uncle Peter B. Schaeffer died in April, 1799,
aged fifty-five. Aunt Margaretta Roy died June 5, 1815.
My father departed this life Jan. 11, 1820, in the sixty-
fourth year of his age.^ My mother. Sarah Schaeffer,

^ Abraham Shaver's will, dated Dec. 29, 1819, makes the following
provision for his wife, viz :

Item 2. "I give and bequeath to my beloved wife Sarah Shaver

44 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

died on the 14th day of August, 1827, in the sixty-seventh
year of her age. My sister Polly died in April, 1808,
aged twenty-seven years. Sister Elizabeth died Feb. 3,
1833, aged thirty years.

My grandfather^ was a man naturally of a strong mind,
of strict integrity, not lacking in sagacity, of great
industry and indomitable perseverance, guided in all his
actions by a principle of moral rectitude; a strict discip-
linarian, and rather intolerant of what he believed to be
wrong. This being his character, he would naturally
exert a controlling and salutary influence upon a rising
community, the result of which may be seen and felt to
the present day. It was said of the old gentleman when
a member of the State legislature, I think in the time of
the Revolutionary war, that though he seldom spoke
in the House, yet from the weight of his character
and sound judgment in matters and things, he exerted a
great influence in that body. Thus if at any time he per-
ceived things taking a wrong course in the House, not
agreeable to his views of propriety, he would rise in his

the use and possession of my mansion house and garden and the
furniture in the house and kitchen, such thereof as she may choose
to take, also such part of the fruit out of the orchard and other
fruit trees as she shall think necessary yearly and every year during
her life for her use and to have such part of the milch cows as she
chooses and her choice of the horses and riding chairs, also my black
girl Nance and my black boy Bob and her choice of one of mv little
black girls. Also it is my will and order that the horse and cows
of my wife be furnished with hay, grain and pasture necessary for
their keeping, likewise that she be furnished with firewood at the
door at the expense of my estate." His executors were his three
sons, Nathan A. Shaver, Peter B. Shaver and William A. Shaver.
He was member of Assembly, 1801-2-3.

1 On Feb. 24, 1764. an act was passed by the Provincial Coiincil to
naturalize George Windemuth (Wintermute) Gasper Shepperd (Casper
Schaeffer?) and others. Journal of the Governor and Council, N. J.
Archives, XVII. 365, 371.

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 45

seat and with characteristic energy exclaim in his German
way, "Das ist nicht recht, Das ist nicht recht," and in few
words explain his views of the matter, giving his reasons
therefor. The attention of the members would be
arrested, the current of proceedings changed, and in the
end probably an entirely different result ensue.

In this connection I will mention another circumstance
as indicative of the spirit of the age and the primitive
simplicity of manners then prevalent, and I mention it in
no spirit of disparagement, but as evincing that ardent
and self-denying patriotism that carried our forefathers
triumphantly through the Revolutionary struggle. The
case as related to me was as follows : Old Mr. Mac-
Collum, the father of the late Aaron MacCollum of
Hardwick, when delegate to the Assembly (the per diem
not then enabling the members to fare sumptuously every
day), would, whether from this cause or from motives of
sheer economy (for he was a strict conservative), pack his
wardrobe in a small bundle, his provisions in his wallet,
and thus accoutred, pack on his back and staff in hand,
would wend his pedestrian way to the seat of government,
and after attending to the legislative business of the state
would return home in the same style, and Cincinnatus-
like, resume the functions of his domicile. God be praised
for raising up a host of such choice spirits, whose patriotic
zeal shrank not from labor and sacrifice that they might
procure the inestimable blessings of civil and religious
liberty for themselves and their posterity.

The old stone church at Stillwater was erected, as I
suppose, about the middle of the last century. The
Lutherans and Reformed united their energies in con-
structing the same, and worshipped conjointly and alter-

46 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

nately in the same building. The church was a plain,
four-square structure of moderate dimensions, situated on
the rising ground near the road, just within the enclosing
wall, on the north side of the grave yard. The interior
of the church had plain open seats with gallery. The
tub-shaped pulpit, raised upon a high pedestal, had this
peculiar antique appendage, viz : partly underneath and on
the opposite side of the pulpit-step a small closet of slatted
or wicker work into which the minister entered for a few
moments before ascending the pulpit. The old German
interest having declined through the inroads of death and
removals, the ground was occupied for a number of years
by the Dutch Reformed brethren. The old building was
demolished some years since, and in its stead a neat frame
church was erected at the head of the lane, owned and
occupied by an English Presbyterian congregation com-
posed partly of the descendants of the German population
and in part of new comers. The church, however, it is
much to be regretted, is not, nor has h been for many
years in a flourishing condition. ^

I should, perhaps, have mentioned ere this, that my
grandmother Schaeffer had received an education some-
what above the ordinary standard of her day. She was
of refined taste and cultivated manners, as well as
exemplary piety. I have heard her tell a Mr. Runkle, a
gentleman on a visit from down Jersey, who was examin-
ing her old folio German Bible, that she had read it three
times through since her "old man's death," then ten years

^The church was completed in 1771 and used until 1837, then
abandoned as being unsafe. In 1823, at a meeting of the congrega-
tion, it was voted to enter the Presbyterian denomination and place
the church under the care of the Newton Presbytery.

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 47

gone by; this being near the close of her life. The old
lady brought with her from Germany what was rare in
those days, many rich silk dresses, embroidery, jewelry
and trinkets, which were carefully preserved as keepsakes
during her life, carefully locked up in chest and casket.
But in the lapse of time and overturnings, these relics
have all unhappily become squandered.

That part of the country lying between the Paulinskill
and the Blue Mountains was settled originally by the
Germans principally, and how far they may have been
attracted thither by the previous location of my grand-
father and his friends in that vicinity, I am not able to
say. Most likely, however, it had some influence, as he
was a pioneer in those parts. Even before the Revolution
many of them were settled there, and in the time of that
great struggle, there was considerable accession to their
numbers, of a dozen or more Hessians who deserted from
a detachment of Burgoyne's captured army, on their way
through Sussex to a location assigned them as a place of
safety near Charlotteville in Virginia. All those Germans
settled and raised families in the neighborhood. Many of
their descendants still occupy the homes of their fathers.
Some have removed elsewhere; some north, some west,
to newer countries with a view to better their condition.
With the old German settlers gone the congregation

^ The old German Bible is in the possession of Caspar Bernhardt
Shafer, of Washington, D. C. It contains the following inscription
on the first page :

"Casper Schaffer — his Bible, purchased in Philadelphia, Pa. It
cost two pounds and twelve shillings. In the year of Christ Anno
Domini, 1775."

It was printed at Basle, in 1767. Size 14J x 10 x 3 J inches. It has
wooden back covered with embossed parchment, protected by eight
brass corner pieces, and held closed by two brass clasps. It contains
a few family records, but they have faded out and are illegible.

48 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

dwindled away and the ground is now occupied mainly by
the Methodist brethren, and this in a great measure
through the remissness of the Presbyterians. And from
the same cause the Methodists are taking possession of
most of the vacant ground, and even in some instances
encroaching upon the possessions of the former. It be-
hooves the Presbyterians, therefore, if they do not wish
to be outdone by their more active co-workers, to bestir
themselves.

In the lovely valley of Stillwater, which has greater
attractions for me than any other earthly locality, there
are four different levels presenting themselves to the eye.
First, the low meadow ground along the margin of the
kill ; then a space a few feet higher, of rich alluvial soil —
third, a table land about 20 ft. higher than the preceding,
comprising some hundred acres of most excellent, arable
land extending back to the lime-stone hills. Fourth :
There is still another plain more elevated than the former
by some 20 feet, called formerly "the old plain field," com-
prising many acres of good, arable land, extending also
to the limestone cobbles. This delightful valley being
nearly centrally situated in the old county of Sussex, was
at one time seriously spoken of as the seat of justice for
the County. But other counsels prevailing, Newton was
selected in preference.^ That part of the township of

^On Nov. 20, 1753, the first court of justice held in the county of
Sussex, was opened in the house of Jonathan Pettit in Hardwick
township. At this court Casper Shafer, among others, was licensed
to keep a tavern. The business of tavern keeping at this time, and
for at least fifty years afterwards, was a stepping stone to public
distinction, as well as a source of pecuniary profit. Nearly all the
early judges, justices, sheriffs and chosen freeholders were inn
keepers. — Edsall's Sussex County Centenary, p. 27.

The Pennsylvania Gazette of Dec. 4, 1760, advertises a sale by the
Trustees of the Pennsylvania Land Company of three tracts of land

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 49

Hardwick called the Ridge, bordering upon the great road
leading from Newton to Hope, was originally settled by-
persons from England, the North of Ireland, and Scot-
land; viz: the Linns, Roys, Hunts, Shaws, Hazens, etc.
The lands are now generally in possession of their pos-
terity.

Passing down the great road in the direction of John-
sonburg, we come to the Hardwick church, situated on
the summit level of an elevated plain, from whence there
is a gradual descent in every direction. From this
eminence we have a magnificent view of the Blue Moun-
tains from the Water Gap stretching many miles to the
northeast. This church was built, I think, about the year
1785 or 86, and is rather a stately edifice considering the
state of the country at the period of its erection. The
church in its interior structure was remodelled and
modernized a few years since by placing the pulpit at the
east end instead of on the north side as it was originally.
I have for this church a peculiarly home-like attachment,
it being my "Alma Mater" as it were. Here all my
fathers and relatives worshiped, and here within its
hallowed walls I was nurtured and brought up from
infancy to early manhood, and here in the adjacent
cemetery, are deposited the venerated remains of my
parents and relatives. ^ By the aid of memory's faithful

(inter alia), in Sussex County, about 70 miles from Philadelphia,
one of 6,318 acres situate on the Paulinskill River, adjoining land of
"Casper Shafer, Tavern Keeper there." * * * "The said Paulins-
kill runs through the middle of it, and is about being made navigable
into the Delaware." — N. J. Archives, vol. 20, p. 512.

* From a "Sketch of Yellow Frame Presbyterian Church," by Rev.
Dr. Craig, in the New Jersey Herald, May 26, 1892, we learn that
the exact date of the organization of the "Upper Hardwick Presby-
terian Church," now Yellow Frame, is not known, but that it took

[4

50 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

record I can bring to view the scenes occurring here of
more than half a century ago, when seated on the Sabbath
in the wide square pew at the right of the high blue pulpit,
and looking around methinks I can see as if only yesterday
the venerable forms of the generation long since departed.
There in the pew immediately adjoining to the west
sat Uncle William Armstrong, with his decrepit, venerable
companion and four daughters. Immediately in his rear
sat Uncle George Armstrong and his family. On the
opposite or east side of the pulpit sat first, I think, Uncle
Peter B. Schaeffer, with his family whose practice was, as
well as that of father (their heads being tender), to be
covered during divine service. In the adjoining pew sat
Dr. Kennedy and his family. Immediately in front of the
pulpit, on the west side of the middle aisle, appeared the
aldermanic and portly form of Esquire Gaston and his
family. Immediately in his rear Uncle John Armstrong
and family. Then followed old Esquire Hazen, Thomas
Hazen, Ezekiel Hazen and others in succession. In the
opposite or eastern side of the aisle is seen Gen. Hankin-
son ; then in his rear his elder brother William Hankinson,
then Esquire Lanning, the Hunts and a host of others

place probably in the year 1764. For eight vears the only preaching
was by supplies. The Rev. Francis Peppard was the pastor from
1774 until 1783. Rev. Ira Condit was the next pastor. He was
installed about the time the new Yellow Frame Church was com-
pleted, in 1778. His pastorate covered a period of about seven years,
after which another interval of ten years of pulpit vacancy occurred.
Rev. John Boyd was the pastor from Nov., 1803, till Oct., 1812. The
succeeding pastors were Rev. Benjamin Lowe, Rev. Jonathan Sher-
wood and Rev. William C. McGee, who was installed in 1841. The
church edifice erected in 1786 was used until 1887, when it was
superseded by the present church, and was demolished in IQOS-. The
site of the old church was across the road from the present building.
The vestibule and tower for the bell were added in 1858. The
present pastor is Rev. Ira H. Condit.

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 5*

that I cannot now recollect. The eastern front seat of the
gallery was occupied by Uncle John Roy and family. His
soft musical bass voice was charming to the ear. All
these, occupying their respective places, joined with one
accord in the holy service of the sanctuary, in devotional
exercises, in hearing the word preached and joining in the
vocal praises of Him who redeemed them with His
precious blood.

As a reminiscence of the olden time and as indicating
some of the peculiar habits of our forefathers, I will allude
to one peculiarity in their worship. It being the practice
in my early boyhood to line the hymns in singing, hymn
books not being then in general use, old General Hankin-
son, who then officiated as chorister, performed that part
of the service in a peculiar style, and with great adroitness,
the manner of which I suppose was no other than edifying
to the devout worshipers of that day, but which to some
of us light-minded moderns would appear rather strange,
if not rather ludicrous. Thus he would commence reading
the line at a high pitch of the voice, continuing to the end
on the same key, in a perfectly monotonous tone; then
strike off into the tune at the same pitch, singing to the
end of the line. Then without any suspension of sound,
and upon the same key of the last note just sung, he would
read the next line of the verse, and so on to the end of the
hymn. I suppose this may have been a common practice
in the old puritanical churches.

The first pastors of this church were, so far as I recol-
lect, first Rev. Mr. Peppard, second Rev. Mr. Thatcher,
third the Rev. Mr. Condit. These were all able and ex-
cellent ministers, the latter of whom particularly was an
eminent theologian. He it was, I think, as my parents

52 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

have informed me, who administered the right of baptism
to my unworthy self. As a faithful and devoted pastor,
he was also particularly distinguished. I can distinctly
recollect his visiting around the congregation, catechising
the children, and how on one occasion he solemnly warned
us that a time was approaching when we must stand
before the bar of God. He was also in the practice of
holding meetings for religious conversation, with cate-
chetical instruction to the adults. If I am not mistaken he
preached alternately at Newton and Hardwick, and I am
inclined to think that our fathers sustained irreparable loss
when they suffered Ira Condit to leave them. The Hard-
wick church at least did not greatly prosper for forty
years or more after he left it.

Passing on our course for two or three miles west-
wardly we arrive at the flourishing town of Johnsonburg.
It is rather an ancient place and is remarkable for having
had at one time under the old Colonial Government a
prison built of logs. Hence its cognomen, "Log Gaol,"
by which appellation it continued to be known until about
the year 1798, when the Messrs. Henry and Jonathan
Johnson, merchants of the place, incorporated their own
name and gave it its new denomination. There are in the
town three churches — one Episcopalian, one Methodist
and one Presbyterian. The principal proprietor of the
place was my uncle William Armstrong, who resided here
for many years in the latter part of his life, which he
closed about 1844, at the advanced age of ninety years.

In this place I ought not to omit an allusion to the
venerable Dr. Samuel Kennedy,^ an eminent practitioner

^Dr. Samuel Kennedy, son of Rev. Samuel Kennedy, M. D., was
born about the year 1740. He married Elizabeth Beavers, Oct. 5,

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 53

of medicine in his day, who resided on a splendid farm in
the vicinity of Johnsonburg. He was one of the earHest
if not the very first physician settled in the county of
Sussex. His range of practice at an early day was prob-
ably not less than forty miles over the sparsely settled
country. There was a number of the leading physicians
of the county, as the late Dr. Linn, Dr. Everitt, Dr.
Palmer^ and others besides his own sons, who were
indebted to him for instruction in the healing art. Dr.
Kennedy was not only distinguished for consistent piety,
but was also an excellent theologian as well as an able
supporter of the Christian church. His patriotic views
and feelings led him to go heart and hand with the
staunch Whigs of the Revolution. In politics, of course,
coinciding with the popular sentiment, he was a zealous
democrat of the Jeffersonian school. In accordance with
these sentiments he had a strong desire as a last public act
of his life to cast his vote as Presidential Elector for
Thomas Jefferson to his second term of office; but death
intervened and prevented the consummation of his wishes

1768. By her he had nine children who reached mature life. She
died in 1790. He married again, in 1791, Anna, daughter of Peter
B. Schaefifer, by whom he had five children. Dr. Kennedy died in
1804 and is buried in the Yellow Frame Graveyard. He is described
as having been short and stout, but of fine personal appearance. His
residence was a stone-house upon the Van Horn farm, half a mile
from Johnsonburg, on the road to Allamuchy. He was also judge
of the Sussex County courts, and member of the Assembly in 1780.
He was an able practitioner and prepared a great number of students
for the profession.

*Dr. Henry Palmer was a native of Connecticut and succeeded Dr.
Kennedy at Johnsonburg, and afterwards, about 1808, went to
Hope. He died June 14, 1813, at the age of thirty-four, of yellow
fever which he contracted on a visit to New York. He was a mili-
tary man and buried with military honors at the Yellow Frame
Burying Ground. He married a daughter of Judge Armstrong.
They had no children.

54 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

in that particular. He died at an advanced age. sometime
in 1804. The father of Dr. Kennedy was a celebrated
Scotch clergyman, the Rev. Dr. Kennedy, the very able
and probably the first pastor of the ancient church of
Baskingridge.i Dr. Kennedy's first wife was the sister
of my uncle, the late Robert Beavers. His second wife
was my cousin Anna, eldest daughter of Uncle Peter B.
Schaeffer.

In journeying still further on to the southwest we
arrive at the ancient town of Hope, distant about six miles
from Johnsonburg. It was founded by the religious
Society of Moravians, or United Brethren, as they called
themselves, about the time or perhaps prior to the middle
of the last century. The Society from the country in
Germany whence they came, taking the name of
Moravians, this town has naturally got the popular appel-
lation of Moravian Town. The organization of the
Society possesses some peculiar features, partaking both
of the social as well as exclusive principle. They are
banded together in such a way as to have but little inter-
course with the world at large, permitting but one of
each trade or calling to exist in their community at the
same time. At an early period of their history it seems
they adopted the communist principle of depositing all
their earnings in a common fund and drawing thence

^ Rev. Samuel Kennedy, M. D., was born in Scotland, 1720, and
educated at the University of Edinburgh. After coming to America
he was licensed to preach the gospel and was ordained pastor of the
Church in Baskingridge, June 15, 1751. He established a classical
school there which was of a high order and extensively patronized.
He was also a practitioner and acquired considerable reputation in
his profession. He died at Baskingridge, August 31, 1787, aged
dy years.— Wickes' Medical History of N. J., p. 305 ; N. J. Archives,
XXV., p. 407, note.

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 55

their individual support. But subsequently, having
changed their policy in this respect, each individual hus-
bands and appropriates his own earnings. They allow
none of their own society to suffer, and the parties to the
marriage contract are selected by the elders and matrons
of their order. They have a large church and a large mill
of stone, and all their buildings, both public and private,
are constructed in the most substantial manner, of stone,
so that even now, after the lapse of more than a hundred
years, they show but little sign of decay. About the year
1808 or 10 the Society sold out their whole establishment
either to a company or to individual purchasers, and
removed to Nazareth, Bethlehem, Lititz and other
Moravian towns in Northampton and Lancaster counties
in the state of Pennsylvania.

In regard to my maternal ancestry, I have to lament
the lack of information no less than on the other branch
of the connection. But what few isolated facts and
reminiscences I have, I shall proceed to group together in
such a way as to make somewhat of a connected history.

About the year 1745 to 48, there resided in the lower
part of the township of Hardwick an industrious and
thrifty son of the Emerald Isle pursuing the humble
and laborious calling of a weaver. There resided also in
the same neighborhood a respectable farmer by the name
of Green, who married his wife in a Low Dutch settle-
ment in Somerset County, not far from Somerville. Now
it so happened that the younger sister of Mrs. Green
being on a visit with her, having traversed the mountains
and wilderness for that purpose, during the young
lady's sojourn here the young Hibernian above alluded to
becoming acquainted with her, admired and paid his

56 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

addresses to her, and the attachment being- reciprocated,
they were in due time united in the bonds of matrimony.

Thus commenced in the union of Nathan Armstrong
and Euphemia Wright the family relation of my grand-
parents on the mother's side.i Hence on that side of the
house my lineage is half Irish and half Low Dutch. The
first fruits of this union was the birth of the twin brothers,
the late George and John Armstrong. My grandparents
had seven children, three sons and four daughters, my
mother being the youngest of the family. The three sons
and one of the daughters lived to an advanced age.
George, the eldest, died in his 8oth year. John lived to
be 85 or 86. William, the younger, attained to his 90th
year, and Aunt Hannah Linn was, I suppose, near 90 at
her decease. My uncle George Armstrong had, I think,
about ten children, most of whom I believe are still living.
The eldest of the family, Mrs. Locke, whom I saw in
June, 1853, in a very low state of health, has since died.

Uncle John Armstrong had seven or eight children
grown to maturity, none of whom are now living except
Jacob, the youngest of three sons. Aunt Hannah married
Alexander, the oldest brother of the Linn family, who
died at the age of 40 or 45 years. They had, I think, six
children. How many of them may yet survive I am
unable to say, as they have for many years resided at a
distance. About the year 1797 or 8, Aunt Hannah
removed with her family to Crawford County near
Meadville, western Pennsylvania, settling down in the
wilderness with her children, some of them quite young,
and with slender means of support. They suffered all the

* See biographical sketch of Nathan Armstrong, post.

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 57

hardships and privations incident to such a situation.
After buffeting the storms of adversity for many years
and raising her family, she spent the remainder of her
days there in comparative ease and competency, dying
some years since at an advanced age.

Another of my mother's sisters married a gentleman by
the name of Beavers, a Hibernian by birth. They had six
children, five daughters and one son, all deceased, I think,
but two or three daughters. The other sister of my
mother married a Mr. Stinson. A son and a daughter
were their only children. The daughter was the first wife
of my uncle Isaac Schaeffer. She died leaving no issue,
within a year after their marriage. The son is the present
Judge Stinson of Warren County.

My grandfather Armstrong is represented to have been
a very industrious and prudent man, managing his affairs
with such economy and thrift as to be able at his demise
to leave each of his three sons in possession of a valuable
farm; the daughters in those days coming off minus. He
is said to have died a little past middle age, of the natural
small-pox, inoculation not being then generally intro-
duced. And being under the old colonial government
under which the law of primogeniture prevailed, he was
constrained to make his will on his deathbed, in order to
prevent the oldest son from inheriting all the real estate,
which, by his devise, was given equally share and share
alike to the three sons.

My grandmother Armstrong was a lady of superior
mental endowments. Although not having enjoyed any
special advantages of education, she yet excelled in con-
versational powers. I well recollect in my childhood and
youth with what glowing interest and fixed attention I

$8 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

sat and listened to her when relating to my mother
anecdotes and reminiscences of earlier life, as well as the
more recent occurrences of the day amongst her friends
and neighbors. Her piety, calm, consistent and unob-
trusive, shone in all her daily walk and conversation. As
a mark of the high esteem in which she was held, not only
each of her own children named a daughter after her,
but the name of Euphemia became a favorite household
word in many families in the neighborhood, even where
no relationship existed.

My father had two brothers, Peter B. the eldest, and
Isaac the youngest of the family, and one sister Mar-
garetta, who was next in age to my uncle Peter, the first
born. Peter married a lady by the name of Stinson.
They had eight children, ranging as follows, viz : Anna,
Katy, Polly, Abraham, Betsey, Isaac, Peggy and Stinson,
the youngest, who died in childhood. The rest have now
all deceased. They all married and all left children
except Polly, who died, I think, within a year after her
marriage.

My father's only sister, Margaretta, married Mr. John
Roy, a pious, most worthy and industrious man. They
had nine children, viz : Polly, Hannah, Susan, Peggy,
Sally, Betsey, John Casper, Bernhardt Schaeffer and
Joseph, the youngest, six daughters and three sons. They
all married and left children save Polly, the oldest, and
Susan, and they are all deceased, except Susannah and
John C. Uncle John Roy did not live to an advanced age.
The number of his years did not I imagine exceed sixty.
Aunt Roy attained to a greater age. She survived her
husband many years. I think she must have been
upwards of 70 years at her demise.

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 59

My uncle, William Armstrong, I should have said, had
four children, all daughters — Lydia, Euphemia Polly and
Sally. They all married and had issue. The only sur-
viving one of them is Mrs. Euphemia Bray, in a state of
widowhood. My uncle married a second wife, by whom
he had no issue. His first wife was Miss Swayze, sister
to the late Mrs. Dusenberry.

My uncle Isaac Schaeffer for his second wife married
Martha Linn. They had four children, three sons and
one daughter, viz: Joseph L., Archibald S., Peggy, and
Peter B., only the latter of whom survives, cousin Rev.
Joseph L. having died in December, 1853. Aunt Matty,
by a second marriage, with Mr. Joseph De Mund, had
several children, with none of whom have I any acquaint-
ance except with Isaac, the eldest, who is a clergyman of
respectable standing in the Presbyterian connection. All
these children of both issues, so far as I know, married
and had issue except Archibald S., who died single, in
early manhood.

My own parents had twelve children, viz: Polly or
Maria Catharine, Casper, Nathan A., Peter B., Euphemia
W., Sarah, William A., Margaretta R., Elizabeth and
Robert Finley, together with two who died in infancy.
We have all been married and have issue, save Margaretta
and Finley (who is since married). My sister Polly was
married, as his second wife, to John Johnson Esq., April
28, 1804, and departed this life, April 13, 1808, aged
twenty-six years, five months, twenty-seven days, leaving
three children, William Jefferson, Whitfield Schaeffer,
and Sarah Catherine.

My first marriage was to Clarissa Golden, 17th of May,
1810. She deceased Jan., 1816. The result of this union

6o MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

was birth of a son and daughter, both of whom died in
infancy. My second wife was Mrs. Sarah Hahn, widow
of the late Wm. Hahn, in Jan., 1818. At the time of our
marriage she had three children — Mary, Christian and
William, the latter of whom died about the age of nine
years. Our own children were four: Sarah Elizabeth,
Euphemia Miller, Amanda Margaretta, and Gilbert Liv-
ingston, who died at about the age of two and a half
years. Elizabeth was married to Thomas Kimber in
April, 1843. They had three children, the two oldest of
whom died in infancy; the youngest, Sally Schaeffer
Kimber, was six years old on the 7th of July, 1854.
Euphemia and Reuben B. Miller were married in May,
1843. They have five children, four daughters and one
son, viz: Mary Hahn, Sarah Gertrude, Ellen Augusta,
Euphemia and William Casper, the present infant.^

My brother Nathan^ married Sarah, daughter of the
late Judge Linn of Sussex. They had six children, viz :
Mary, William, Abraham, Joseph, Lucilla and Louisa.
The eldest son was suddenly killed by accident many years
ago. Mary, the eldest daughter, married Mr. Joseph
Coursen; they have two or three children. The others are
as yet unmarried.

My brother Peter B. married Mrs. Rebecca Vail,
daughter of the late Dr. Hendrick. They had three

^ Four others were afterwards born. See Genealogical Record.

^ Nathan Armstrong Shafer learned the tanning business of the
Armstrongs and returned to Stillwater and established a large tan-
nery, which proved successful. On April 11, 1825, the first meeting
in the newly organized township of Stillwater was held at his house
and he was elected a member of the town committee. He was a
Director of the Sussex Bank. In 1825 he was a member of the
assembly, and was a judge of the Court of Common Pleas for fifteen
years, beginning Jan. 21, 1833. He had many warm friends and was
kind to the poor. — Armstrong Record.

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 6 1

children, the oldest dying in infancy. The two surviving
ones are Adelaide and Alexander C. Adelaide was
married about a year ago to Dr. Denis.

Sister Euphemia married Mr. Henry Miller, son of the
late Major Miller of German Valley. They had four
children— Rev. J. E. Miller/ Elizabeth, the oldest, who
died many years ago, Margaretta, and Emma, the
youngest. Sister and her family reside at Stroudsburg,
Pa., where Edwin has a charge.

Sister Sarah married Rev. Jacob R. Castner, ' of Bask-
ingridge, about the year 1813. They had nine children—

' Rev. James Edwin Miller was born near Clinton, Hunterdon
County N. J., April 13, 1823. He began the study of law with his
uncle, the Hon. Jacob W. Miller, of Morristown. Subsequently, in
order to study for the ministry, he entered Lafayette College
where he graduated in 1845. He spent three years in the Princeton
Iheological bemmary and graduated from that institution in 1848
His hrst pastorate was the Second Presbyterian Church, Sparta N
Y., 1850-54. He then became pastor of the Presbyterian Church in
Stroudsburg, Pa., until 1859. He taught school for a number of
years in Stroudsburg and Phillipsburg. N. J. Later on he preached
at New Egypt, N. J., and Plumsteadville, Pa. He afterwards re-
moved to Minnesota and served the Presbyterian churches in
Shakopee and Taylor's Falls for five years. Owing to the severity
of the climate, he removed to Smyth County. Va., where he re-
niained a short time, returning to New Jersey in 1879. On account
of feeble health, he was able to preach only occasionally, and died
at Stillwater, N. J., Oct. 24, 1885.

'Rev. Jacob R. Castner, born at Liberty Corner, Somerset Co.,
N. J., pursued his classical studies at Princeton. Class of 1809 and
studied theology under Dr. Finley at Baskingridge. His first
pastorates were at German Valley, Hocks Hill, and Black River
He was pastor of Mansfield from 1818 until his death which
occurred suddenly at Washington, N. J., April 26, 1848. Rev. Dr.
Junkin says of him : "He was a natural orator and one of the best,
if not the very best, extempore speakers in the Presbytery or Synod!
He was an able, laborious, and successful minister of the Word.
An early and fearless champion of the temperance reformation, he
probably did more for that cause than any other man in the Presby-
tery. He was utterly fearless, a man of unwavering moral courage,
one of the most delightful conversers I ever heard. He was almost
idolized by his congregation." See "The Early Germans of New
Jersey," Chambers, p. 114, etc.

62 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

Mary, Emma, John. Edmund, Margaretta, William,
Elizabeth, Anna and Amanda. Emma and William died
of scarlet fever within a few days of each other, many
years ago. Brother Castner was a very laborious, able
and efficient pastor. He was first settled at the German
Valley, whence after a few years he removed to Asbury
and took charge of the Mansfield congregation, which,
being very large, and agreeing to divide, he removed to
Washington and took charge of the northern part of the
flock, which had then become a separate organization.
He departed this life five or six years ago, in about the
63d year of his age. Mary married a gentleman of the
name of Lyman. They had two daughters. She died
soon after the birth of the younger one. Edmund and
Elizabeth are both married, the latter to Mr. John Davis,
the former to a sister of Mr. Davis. They have each, I
think, two or three children. Margaretta was married to
the Rev. George Marriner, of Philadelphia,^ and has one
daughter, Anna. John and the two younger sisters re-
main single. Sister Sarah, after having spent a toilsome
life in raising an interesting family of children, is now,
after relinquishing the cares of housekeeping, living most
of her leisure with her children and friends.

I ought to have said in connection with sister Euphemia
that her husband, Henry Miller, a man of exemplary piety
and most amiable character, died of consumption in the
city of New York many years ago.

Brother William married Miss Fanny Stewart, from

^ Rev. George K. Marriner, born at Lewes, Del., Nov. 9, 1821,
graduate of Princeton Theological Seminary ; teacher at Basking-
ridge and Mays Landing, N. J. ; pastor at Warren, Pa. ; died at
Trenton, N. J., Sept. 5, 1869.

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 63

the vicinity of Hackettstown. They have two sons, Edwin
and John, sprightly lads. They, together with brother
Finley, occupy the old homestead and conjointly drive on
the farm and mill.

Sister Margaretta is the only one of the family remain-
ing single. She built herself a beautiful and commodious
dwelling on the back road leading down in the direction
towards Wintermute's. It is handsomely located, being
one of a row of houses situated along the foot of the lime-
stone hill overlooking the valley of Stillwater. Her lawn
in front is adorned with a variety of ornamental and
choice fruit trees.

Sister Elizabeth was married to Rev. Isaac N. Candee,^
Jan. I, 1829. She died soon after the birth of her second
child, which survived her but a short time. The surviving
daughter, Sally, now over twenty years of age. was on a
visit to Stillwater in the summer of 1853-4. She is now
residing with some friends in the State of Indiana; she
has since married Mr. Love.

Thus upon a retrospect of our family it will be seen
that we have been greatly blessed in increase and preser-
vation. Our parents were married Jan. 11, 1781, nearly
seventy- four years ago; and out of twelve children born
to them there are seven of us still remaining as monu-
ments of great mercy.

Intemperance abounded much in our country from my
earliest remembrance. West India rum was the article
principally in use at first. Apple whiskey was even then

^Rev. Isaac N. Candee, D. D., was born at Galway, N. Y., Oct. 30,
1801. He graduated at Union College in 1825 and Princeton
Theological Seminary; Pastor at Belvidere, N. J., 1834-40; Agent
Board of Foreign Missions, 1840-49; Pastor Lafayette, Ind., and
Galesbiirg, 111. ; died at Peoria, 111., June 19, 1874.

64 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

manufactured to a limited extent, but being the cheaper
beverage, its production soon increased in such manner
as to supersede the former. And not content with con-
verting the precious fruit into the liquid poison, the staff
of life v^as also appropriated to the same vile purpose.
Rye and corn, to this end, were brought extensively into
requisition ; and it went on increasing until, like the great
deluge, it seemingly flooded the whole land, every neigh-
borhood, almost, having its distillery. Consequently
intemperance prevailed to a fearful extent, slaying its
thousands. The temperance reformation, however, at
length came with healing in its wings, giving a check to
the fell monster. But the serpent is only scotched, it will
never be effectually destroyed until it is made a penal
offence to vend alcoholic liquors as a beverage.

It was the universal custom in our country in the time
of my youth, and prior thereto, to travel on horse-back.
Even the ladies, both young and old, were very expert at
this exercise. The young ladies then had no need to go
to riding school. From their childhood they were taught
to mount the side saddle and manage their horse. Being
thus early initiated, they became as the French say, "au
fait an chei'al." Even my grandmothers had each her
riding horse appropriated to her own special use.
Pleasure carriages were a thing hardly known in those
days, but modern refinement and taste have introduced
the more easy and luxurious but less chivalrous and hardy
practice of riding in carriages; so that now you will see
on the Sabbath the light Jersey wagon and other light
vehicles lining the streets proceeding on their way to
church, instead of the cavalcade on horseback.

T will not omit to notice in passing, a barbarous and

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 6$

brutal custom that prevailed in our country at an early-
period, and which was not wholly laid aside in my
younger days, viz : at husking bees, stone frolics, military
training and other public gatherings, it was not unusual,
after the business of the day was concluded, for some of
the hardier fellows who by this time were pretty well
charged with the good "ceiter" to embrace the oppor-
tunity, while the steam was up, to settle in an amicable
way some old grudge, and pay ofif old scores, by having a
pugilistic set-to. The manner of proceeding was some-
what as follows : The combatants stripped to the bare-
back, their seconds being chosen, whose business it was to
see "fair play," and the ring of fifteen or twenty feet in
diameter being formed, at it they would go; and hard
blows being freely dealt for a little while, the parties
militant would probably fall to the ground, then punch-
ing, gouging and biting. And if the parties escaped
without the loss of an eye or an ear, a finger or more
bitten off, they were esteemed fortunate. If, when they
were prostrated, either one of the parties for want of
breath cried "wind," they were separated for a time, and
if either of the belligerents cried "enough" they were
parted, and thus ended the sport, which, though savage,
is yet better than dueling.

There was also a very laudable practice prevailing in
our country at an early period, which is now more or less
prevalent in all new settled countries where laboring
hands are scarce, viz: when any heavy operation was to
be performed, such as raising a new building, husking a
field of corn, removing stones off a field, clearing new
ground, etc., to invite the neighbors to come in a body and
give a helping hand, thus having what was called a "bee"

[5

66 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

or "frolic," dosing the operations with a plentiful and
rather sumptuous supper. The new-ground operation
was somewhat after this sort : The neighbors would pro-
ceed to the forest with their axes and grubbing hoes and
set to work felling the smaller trees and cutting them up
for rails and firewood, and girdling the larger ones to
prevent the circulation of the sap, thus causing their
death, and these after a year or two were to be cut down
and converted into fence rails and firewood. With the
grubbing hoe the small saplings and underbrush were
taken out by the roots, cut up, and the brush piled into
heaps, and when dry, burned; the ashes of which help to
fertilize the virgin soil. The plow is now introduced,
scratching between the stumps and roots, thus very
imperfectly preparing the ground for the seed, which is
best covered by a drag or brush, drawn over the field. A
moderate crop is the husbandman's reward.

One of the good things derived from the Puritan
fathers of New England was the cultivation of church
music. To this end singing schools were at an early day
introduced by the younger portion of society. The winter
evenings were appropriated to this exercise. We thought
nothing in those days of jumping into the sleigh and
driving four or five miles to singing school, and returning
home by ten o'clock at night. Our teaching was con-
fined rather to the elementary and practical part of music,
not entering much into the theoretic or scientific part of
it. The character of the music taught was of the fugue
kind, wherein harmony rather than melody predominated.
Although the gamut or grammar was not entirely over-
looked, yet the fundamental principles of the science were
not as thoroughly inculcated as might have been desirable.

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 67

Our teachers, so far as I can recollect, were as follows,
viz : Upson, Linn, Belcher, Morgan, McCracken, etc.

Formerly the snows fell much deeper and the winters
were more severe in this country than of late years. I
have heard my father say that in the winter of 1780-81
the depth of snow was such that in traveling they did not
confine themselves to the road, but drove over fences and
across fields, the snow being sufficiently hard to bear
them, since which period the weather at that season has
been gradually growing milder; so much so that some
winters will pass with scarcely snow enough for any
sleighing. It is now a very rare thing for the Delaware
to be frozen over, whereas formerly this was an ordinary
occurrence. Evidently our climate is ameliorating and
becoming similar in temperature to the same degree of
latitude on the European continent. Now as to the cause
of this change various opinions are entertained, some
assigning one cause and some another. My own long-
cherished opinion is that it is owing principally to two
things : first, to clearing away the forests and opening
up ^he swamps, whereby the surface of the ground being
exposed to the action of the sun and the accumulated
moisture being evaporated, the ground becomes dryer and
consequently warmer. A second cause contributing, I
think, in no small degree to the same effect, is the cultiva-
tion of the soil ; the action of the plow, in turning up the
sub-soil, thus loosening the ground and exposing a greater
surface to the action of the sun, consequently also produc-
ing increased dryness and warmth. With the increased
heat of the ground, the temperature of the atmosphere is
likewise increased, consequently less snow falls and is
sooner melted. These several causes continuing to act.

68 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

the probability is that in the course of time, our climate
will assimilate to the mildness of the same latitudes in
western Europe. The gulf stream, however, exercises a
benign influence upon that country which is experienced
in a much less degree in our own country.

The old stone mansion at Stillwater, in which most of
us were born and all of us were brought up, was built
about the year 1784-85. It was considered a splendid
building in its day. It is very pleasantly situated on the
brOw of the third plateau of the valley, elevated some
fifteen or twenty feet above the alluvial ground in front;
having a beautiful view of the kill with the meadows
bordering it, and of the hills beyond for a considerable
distance up and down the stream. In this vista are also
comprehended the mill, the race, the bridges, etc.

An incident occurred at an early day which it may not
be out of place to notice here, viz : the burning of the first
barn, built by father in the year 1792 or '93. It was a
frame building, rather new, standing on the site of the
present one, about 150 yards west of the dwelling house.
The occurrence was on this wise : The teamster coming
home after night-fall with the four-horse team and going
to the stable to feed his horses, my brother Nathan, then
quite a small boy, volunteered to carry the lantern, and
being a great admirer of hens and chickens, he took the
opportunity while the man was busied with the horses, to
examine the fowls through the opening leading to their
roost on the cow rack underneath, through which hay was
passed to the animals from the barn floor. While thus
engaged, the candle in the open lantern coming in contact
with the hay mow reaching down nearly to the floor, it
instantly caught fire, and the whole building was speedily

Shafer Homestead, Stilliflrater.

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 69

enveloped in flames, and soon with all its contents, except
the live stock, reduced to a heap of smouldering ruins.
All the cattle, both horses and cows, were very fortu-
nately, through the exertions of those present, safely
rescued from the devouring element. My mother and old
Dine, the colored woman, heroically entered the cow-
stable, unchained the poor beasts and let them escape,
while the conflagration was raging over their heads.
Every quadruped was thus got safely out of danger; but
what became of the poor fowls, whether rescued or con-
sumed alive, I do not recollect. This catastrophe occurred
late in the fall, and I distinctly recollect the sympathy and
kindness of the neighbors on the occasion, some taking
cattle to winter, others bringing loads of hay to supply
the wants of those that were necessarily kept at home.
During the next spring and summer the present barn was
erected.

The old school house in which I received the first
elements of my English education, I believe, has gone to
decay. It was situated alx)ut two or three hundred yards
west of sister Margaretta's dwelling, close under the hill
where the lime-stone rocks jut out furthest. The teachers
were numerous in a long succession of years. First of all
was Paddy MacElvany, fresh from the green Shamrock.
He gloried in teaching children to read hard names,
together with the Children's and Westminster Shorter
Catechism. In consequence of his too great liking for the
ardent, his right hand refused its cunning, and he resorted
to the use of copperplates to teach his pupils chirography.
The next was Hubbard, an old Revolutionary soldier
from New England. He was given to inebriation also.
The next was Crosby, from the isle of Erin. He was

^0 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

generally sober, but never refused good cheer when
offered gratuitously. Next came one by the name of
Hand — not remarkable for any great deeds. To him
succeeded Boulton, a great arithmetician, but addicted
occasionally to long-continued sprees. He as well as the
following, whose name I do not recollect, were both
from the Emerald Isle; the last, as well as the preceding,
delighted to suck the liquid poison. The next was Mr.
Graham, a gentlemanly man who also came from Ireland.
He married Miss Polly Arrison, my father's cousin.
Next came Dillingham, a Revolutionary soldier; was in
the battle of Monmouth under Washington. After him
succeeded Coffee, an Irish strolling play actor, who taught
us something of the art of speaking dialogues, etc., and
gave us a taste for theatricals. After this I tended mill for
five years; then in May, 1803, went to grammar school at
Baskingridge, under the tuition of the late Dr. Finley.
One week previous to my leaving home on this occasion,
viz : on the eighth of May, a snow fell to the depth of six
inches, killing the fruits. A commodious academy was
erected some years ago at the head of the lane, in which a
flourishing school is now kept.

For a period of about a quarter of a century, an insect
called the Hessian fly preyed upon the growing wheat
crop in our part of the country to such an extent as almost
to prevent its culture. After this period the ravages of
the insect gradually ceasing, the cultivation of wheat was
resumed, and has been successfully pursued to the present
day. The state of agriculture has much improved of late
years, and fine crops of wheat are now raised in all parts
of the country. During the suspension of wheat-growing,
the dependence for bread was upon corn, rye and buck-

Shafer Homestead, Stillwater.

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 7^

wheat. The corn raised at Stillwater and vicinity was
peculiarly rich and sweet. The period of the fly depreda-
tion commenced about the year 1794. The soil in the
region around Stillwater is susceptible of a high state of
cultivation. It needs only the aid of science to bring out
its full capacity for production. The distance of some
fifty miles to market suggested the idea of converting
grain, roots, etc., into stock, and thus save the expense of
heavy transportation. Pursue the grass and root culture,
feed cattle and they will furnish manure.

I think my brothers, William and Finley, have within
their reach the means of enriching their farm to almost
any desirable extent, in the possession within half a mile
of their dwelling of an inexhaustible quantity of shell-
marl, and an illimitable deposit of black mould or muck in
their lower meadows ; which two ingredients, if made into
compost by mixing about three parts muck to one of
marl, and this spread upon the land at the rate of thirty
or forty two-horse loads to the acre and plowed in, would
greatly fertilize the soil. The increased production would
well pay for the extra expense. The compost should be
formed in the fall, so as to give it the benefit of the
winter's frost.

In the fruit line the staple production is applies, almost
every farmer having his own apple orchard. In general,
however, they are only the natural fruit. Few persons
in the neighborhood, except at Stillwater, have as yet
paid much attention to grafting. Cherries are very
generally raised. Every farmer will have his row of
cherry trees. They consist almost invariably of what is
called the common red cherry; the trees growing not very
tall, with a well-formed round top. They are great

72 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

bearers, and are rather large, bright red, and have a rich,
juicy sub-acid taste. I think they are about the finest
cherries for pies I ever knew. It is much to be regretted
that so Httle attention is paid to its culture. On a recent
visit to that part of the country, I was pained to observe
the old stock of trees almost gone, through decay, and no
care taken to replace them by a younger growth, so that
there is reason to fear the species will become extinct.
The tall cherry tree, raised to some extent, though
handsomer in its conical shape, yet does not bear so good
fruit as the other. Pears are raised to a limited extent.
Plums, a garden fruit, are not much attended to, but
where their garden culture is pursued, their product is
abundant and of excellent quality. I have eaten as fine
ones at Stillwater as are usually seen in the Philadelphia
markets. Quinces are raised pretty generally as a garden
fruit. Currants, raspberries and gooseberries are common
products of the garden. In regard, however, to straw-
berries, raspberries and blackberries, a majority of people
depend mainly on the natural growth of the field.
Whortle or huckle berries grow abundantly in the moun-
tain forests.

Peaches have not succeeded in that part for many years.
Two causes seem to militate against their success. First,
the late frosts in the spring, to obviate which the treeS"
should be planted on the north side of hills to retard the
blossoms beyond the reach of frosts. A second cause of
their decay is the cutting of a worm around the root, just
under the surface of the ground, eating through the bark
and thus destroying the circulation of the sap. Three
methods have been resorted to for the purpose of destroy-
ing these vermin. First, to dig around the root and with

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 73

a jackknife cut out the worm; though an effectual remedy,
it is laborious and tedious, and must perhaps be repeated
every year. A second plan is after cutting out the worm
as above, then to coat the denuded root with tar, so as to
prevent their re-access to the root of the tree. These two
operations should be performed in the spring of the year.
A third plan is after clearing away the sod and dirt a little
from the root of the tree, then to pour a bucket of boiling
hot soap-suds around the root, which speedily destroys
the worms and fertilizes the tree. In this case there is no
necessity for cutting out the worm previous to the scald-
ing. This last method I am in favor of as being easier
and more beneficial than either of the others. The suds
may be applied at any season when the vermin may be
alive. Putting lime and ashes about the root and mulch-
ing straw or tan, all have their good effect in this way. I
presume the same treatment would answer an equally
good purpose with other fruit trees, as the apricot, plum,
quince, etc. The blackberry is a fruit whose culture has
scarcely as yet been attempted even by our city gardeners.
Its excellence as a table fruit is held in much higher
esteem than formerly, and I have no doubt that the berry
would be greatly improved, both in size and flavor, by
suitable horticulture.

Of native grapes, there are two or three different kinds
at and around Stillwater. The fox grape is the most
abundant, growing along the streams and in the wooded
valleys. It is rather a large fruit, thick skin, and not very
highly flavored. Their most useful application is to take
them in their unripe state and stew for tarts, and also to
preserve. There is also a smaller variety growing on the
ledges of the lime-stone cobbles. They have a pleasant

74 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

sub-acid taste; do not come to maturity until frost comes,
hence they have got the name of "frost grapes." They
are esteemed for preserving and used for pies, tarts, etc.
They cultivate in addition some foreign grapes at Still-
water as the Isabella, Catawba and one or two kinds sup-
posed originally to have come from Germany, of a very
superior quality.

Of edible nuts various kinds abound at Stillwater and
in the vicinity, as the chestnut, shellbark, walnut, butter-
nut, hazlenut, etc. The native plums growing at Still-
water were of a delicious flavor — how far they might
have been improved by culture has never to my knowledge
been brought to the test of experiment. The principal
forest trees of that region are white oak, black oak,
hickory, walnut, chestnut, poplar, beech, elm, maple,
buttonwood, birch, dogwood, etc., etc. In some of the
swamps near the Kittatiny or Blue Mountain the spruce,
pine or tamarack abounds. The crab apple formerly
flourished along the kill, and perhaps does still. So far
as my recollection serves me, the growth of the native
grapes above alluded to is confined principally if not
entirely to the lime-stone region. Cherries flourish best
on the slate ridge and mountain districts. The peach and
apple and stone fruits, in general, do best on ground cul-
tivated in hoed crops, such as corn, potatoes, etc., and not
in sowed grain.

I must not omit to mention in passing the existence of
a natural curiosity at Stillwater, viz : a mound of some
six feet elevation lying in the lower field near the lime-
stone hill in front of sister Margaretta's house. It is flat
on the surface, covering about an acre of ground. Now
the query is, what should have caused this singular

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 75

elevation while the whole field around is perfectly level?
In theorizing on the subject, I have supposed that inas-
much as it could not be accounted for from natural causes,
it must be a work of art, that the hand of the aborigines
must have been engaged in its production, and it is, per-
haps, the work of centuries gone by; its object being
probably either for a necropolis or depository of the dead,
or else a military fortification. Mounds of a similar kind
and for like purposes are frequent in the western country.
The ground over this mound has been under cultivation
for a century past, without the least suspicion, perhaps, of
what might be deposited underneath. I have often
thought it would be a matter of no small interest to make
an excavation into the same with a view to solve the
problem as to its surmised contents.

Slavery formerly existed here to a limited extent. The
Van Campens over the mountains, my father and his
brothers and my uncles Armstrong, all held slaves of the
African race, more or less. My father held at one time,
eight or ten of them. The system, however, existed here
in its milder form. The slaves and white laborers associ-
ated and worked together, and in all respects fared alike,
only that in lodging and messing they were separate.
This was the only distinction as regards their domestic
treatment ; the blacks feeling as much interest in the pros-
perity of the farm and stock as the others. They indeed
felt a greater degree of home interest, being in a measure
allodial to or indentified with the soil. Yet notwithstand-
ing, they were held as chattels and, like other personal
property, liable to transfer. And although there was little
traffic in slaves, yet enlightened Christian philanthropy
began to produce doubts in the minds of the better

76 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

informed, whether it was right to hold their fellow beings
in a state of bondage, liable to be bought and sold as
cattle. This sentiment growing and strengthening with
the increasing light of the age, gradually brought about
emancipation. And finally the slaves were set free, an
act of the Legislature enjoining the same thing after a
limited age.^

As a memento of the olden time and as tending also to
illustrate a feature in the German character, I will just
allude to one or two things by the way, viz: In my
younger boyhood, when the old German congregation was
in its more flourishing condition, the Rev. Jacob Senn
being pastor and old Mr. Kingsbury being chorister, the
old gentleman would start and carry out the tune in a
peculiarly soft and effeminate voice, which though not
unmusical had somewhat of the whistling sound of the
whippoorwill, which rendered it peculiarly attractive and
interesting. Now along with this we had the full clear
musical tones of old Mrs. Swartzwelder, who, throwing
her whole soul into the sacred song, would extend her
shrill voice so as to fill the whole house, drowning the
clerk's clear voice and obscuring those of the whole con-
gregation. This last was singing in the true German
style. The great contrast between the two when com-
bined in one harmonious concert constituted a perform-
ance at once both unique and interesting. Still further
to bring into view some traits of the foreign German
character, I will relate one or two anecdotes. First, of
old Mr. Kingsbury above named. He was a tanner as

^ By a law passed Feb. 15, 1804, it was enacted that all slaves born
after July 4, 1804, should become free on reaching the age of twenty-
five years.

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES, 77

well as a farmer in a small way, and in his code of dis-
cipline it was his practice literally to fulfil the divine
command and not spare the rod, so that for every devia-
tion from the path of rectitude a flagellation was the
penalty. The apprentice boys were not long in finding
out, by certain unequivocal signs, when the steam was up
and what would certainly follow, and accordingly pre-
pared for the ordeal in arming themselves with a coat of
mail by tying their leather aprons on their backs under
their shirts; thus, while gaining to themselves the credit
of summary correction, they adroitly shifted the penalty
upon the guilty cowhide. Another anecdote bearing
upon the same point was the case of an old German
widow lady who resided on a very small farm about a
mile from Stillwater. She had two children, Henry and
Katy Adams. Henry, as industrious a creature as need
be, carried on the miniature farm with great neatness and
efficiency; Katy, of course, managed the dairy (for they
kept several good cows), and attended to the household
affairs. The old lady was and had been bedfast for many
years; yet, prostrated as she was, she was the ruling spirit
of the whole concern. All orders and directions pro-
ceeded from her lips. A strict account was also required
by her of all the operations on the premises, both indoor
and out, and Henry, though some forty years of age, must
obey minutely all her instructions. And if he deviated in
the smallest degree, even inadvertently, he incurred a
severe retribution, for on these occasions the trembling
son when summoned to her bedside would receive on his
back the infliction of the rod with all the force that a
feeble mother's arms could apply it, poor Henry bearing

78 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

the chastisement in all due submission, and I suppose he
profited by the discipline.

I have often wondered how our name came to lose its
original German orthography, "Schaefer" (Anglice Shep-
herd), and to be changed into the barbarous soubriquet,
"Shaver." My grandfather spelled his name Schaeffer,
as is seen in ancient documents and records. Why, then,
should the strange alteration have been effected? My
father doubtless could have explained the matter, but I
never thought of making the inquiry, and I suppose there
is no one now living who could throw light upon the
subject. I have ventured to assume the original, and I
hope it will yet be adopted by all my relatives.

It may not be amiss, perhaps, in this place to say a few
words in regard to the animal creation formerly pre-
dominating in this part of the country. And first, of
quadrupeds, domestic and wild. Of the domestic kind,
horses claim the first notice, as the most noble of quadru-
peds. They were possessed universally by the farmers,
and of stout, strong, serviceable breed, suitable either
for the plow, the team, or the saddle. My Uncle Isaac
possessed a noble stud horse of high blood, whose foals
were a superior race of spirited animals, well adapted for
all service. This noble sire, Marquis, was my father's
military steed on the western expedition. His usual gait
when on the march was that of prancing. He moved
majestically, and was very much admired on that occasion,
seeming to be proud of his situation and to take delight
in keeping step with the martial music.

The horned cattle were of the ordinary breed of the
country, originally, I suppose, from some English stock.
The cows yielding rich milk were good for the dairy.

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 79

The steers, well trained, made fine oxen either for the
plow or the team, and both when fattened made excellent
beef. Sheep were kept generally by the farmers in
moderate numbers. Their wool was ot rather a coarse
quality and was generally manufactured in the family and
answered well for ordinary domestic purposes. Their
lamb and mutton, when well fattened, were good for the
table. In the early part of this century^ the breed of sheep
was much improved by a cross with the Merinos, which
were introduced into the country from Spain and France
about that period, and subsequently into many parts of
the country from Saxony. Swine were almost universally
raised, every household, almost, having its piggery.
They were of different qualities, some large and fine,
others of an inferior grade. The better grade, well
fattened, made excellent pork and hams. The Berkshires
and other improved varieties were not introduced until a
later period. It was formerly the practice at Stillwater to
make what was called "bloodwurst" after this manner,
viz : take the finer and more cerous part of the blood, mix
with it a due proportion of fat meat cut into small bits,
season with salt, pepper, etc.; then put it in sacks made
of the larger intestines and boil for say half an hour.
When wanted for use, cut it into thin slices and fry, a
delicious dish.

The canine species next claim a passing notice. I
suppose they have always been the companions of
civilized man. Their prevalence has been universal in
our country, every householder having one or more
attached to his domicile. They were generally of the
large mastiff breed, and useful in the country as a safe-

* The nineteenth.

80 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

guard to the premises at night, but in the city, where they
also abound, they are not only useless but a perfect
nuisance, which ought to be abated. The great objection
to their existence in the city is their liability to become
rabid. For one mad dog may do more mischief in one
short hour than all the dogs in creation are worth.

I will next notice some of the more prominent of the
wild animals that formerly inhabited this part of the
country. First, of the harmless and useful. Of these the
deer stands first in order; good for their venison as well
as for their skin. They originally were plentiful in the
forests, but as the country became more cleared up and
settled, they gradually disappeared. But about twenty-
five years since they for some cause reappeared, and were
rather plentiful in the mountains, frequently falling vic-
tims to the hunter's rifle. Bears may be ranked among
the inoffensive beasts, though they are sometimes mis-
chievous. They are useful for food as well as for their
hide, retaining their hair. They formerly abounded, but
have now for many years almost entirely disappeared.
Bruin, with many other tenants of the forest, seeks his
domicile in the untrod wilderness. The rabbit, the ground
hog, raccoon, and squirrel, all abounded formerly to a
greater or less extent, but of late years they are less
abundant. These are all useful for food — their peltries
also in some degree valuable.

I will next notice some of the mischievous of the wild
animals; and first, of the wolf, one of the fiercest and
most ferocious of the dwellers in the forest, proverbial
for its nightly depredations on sheepfolds. and also prey-
ing upon the young of other animals. They have been
known even to attack man when a hungry pack of them

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 8l

would happen to meet a solitary individual in a lonely
place at night. It is the opinion of some naturalists that
the dog originally sprang from the wolf. In their
physical conformation they bear a strong resemblance to
each other, and in their character there seems to be not a
very remote analogy. The wolf was found numerous and
very destructive at an early period of our country's
history; but as the forests, their favorite haunt, were
cleared up and the country settled, they gradually with-
drew to more remote regions. Reynard the fox, though
not ferocious like the wolf, is yet more famed for his
cunning and equally destructive in his furtive and nightly
visitation to the hen roost. Such is his subtlety and
mischievous character that he deserves to be ranked
among the varmints. Both the wolf and fox are worth-
less except for their pelts.

Now a few words about those animals more properly
denominated vermin. First, the mink is a small black
sleek creature, whose place of resort is along water
courses and low ground. Its depredations are mainly
upon eggs, chickens, goslings, ducklings, etc. They were
never numerous, and less so now than formerly. The
skunk is a remarkable little animal, of a black color and
white tail. It is equally prone as the mink to commit
ravages upon hens' nests, young chickens, ducks, etc. But
their chief peculiarity is their power of emitting a re-
markably offensive and subtle odor, which fills the
atmosphere for a distance around, its disagreeable fetors
continuing to afifect the surrounding air for days together.
Their principal means of defence when pursued is to pour
out their vials of wrath, and thus in its overwhelming
stench, make good their retreat. They burrow about

[6

82 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

barns and stables and low grounds, and are less numerous
than formerly. The muskrat is an amphibious animal,
burrowing in the banks of streams, commencing its exca-
vation just under the surface of the water. They tunnel
it in a direction upward, so as to place their nest, which is
made of weeds and grass, out of the reach of the water.
Their chief injury is in undermining meadow banks, and
the banks of mill races. Their only utility is their peltry,
their fur being valuable. They are generally caught by
trapping. There are fewer than formerly.

Of reptiles, I beg to make a few remarks. At an earlier
day the country was a good deal infested with them. The
only venomous amongst the several kinds were the rattle
snake and the pilot, the former having their dens in the
caverns of the neighboring rocks, and making their
appearance in the spring when the genial rays of the sun
would warm them into life. The latter were usually
found in the meadows at mowing time. The bite of both
these is poisonous, and has sometimes proved fatal, their
venom being of an acid character. The best means to
counteract its effects was the use of alkalies, as the spirit
of ammonia (hartshorn), solution of potash or soda,
taken inwardly as well as applied to the wound, or by
poultice. These reptiles are rarely seen at the present day.
The blacksnake is supposed not to be venomous, and is
formidable only from its sneaking propensity to act the
boa constrictor. It can move at a rapid rate. He is
known to have entwined himself around the neck of an
ox with a view to strangle him, and then tap the jugular
vein, the poor beast meanwhile running and bellowing
for life. The water snake and garter snake are harmless,
and scarcely deserve a passing notice. Of all the walk-

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 83

ing or creeping things in creation, I have the greatest
abhorrence for snakes, and am happy to find they are
gradually disappearing from the abodes of men. The
toad is, I think, classed among the reptiles, but it is harm-
less, and at the same time very useful in the garden in
catching numerous insects and protecting the tender
plants from their depredations.

Having got through with what I have to say about
quadrupeds, both wild and tame, and creeping things, I
next proceed to say a few words in relation to the
feathered tribes, both domestic as well as some of those
less perfectly domesticated. And I would here remark
that the preceding and succeeding observations about
animals have reference to Stillwater and its vicinity. Of
the domestic fowls, the peacock, from the splendor of
its plumage and lofty bearing, seems to claim the first
notice. From my earliest remembrance they were raised
and kept at Stillwater. It is rather a shy bird, light upon
the wing, ranging at large over the farm. Their shrill
notes are generally an indication of an approaching storm.
When he struts and spreads his full-grown tail, forming
a semi-circle of about seven or eight feet in diameter,
exhibiting all the variegated hues for the rainbow, the
show is magnificent. They lay but few eggs, are hardy
and easily raised, are useful for the table, but are mainly
prized for their beautiful plumage. The neck of the
male bird is an elegant mixture of changeable blue and
green.

The turkey is a famous bird; has always been raised
at Stillwater— useful almost only for the table. But for
this it is pre-eminent. Who does not know the
luxury of a fine young roast gobbler with cranberry

84 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

sauce? The domestic bird sprang from the wild turkey,
which roams at large in the western wilds and prairies.
It is indigenous to America. Dr. Franklin was of opinion
that the turkey should have been adopted as the aegis of
American liberty instead of the eagle. The common
chicken is universally known and possessed, valuable
both for its eggs and the table. The shanghais, cochin
chinas, etc., have been lately introduced, and improved
the breed of fowls very much in size. The cruel practice of
caponizing is being to some extent introduced, by which
means the size and flavor of the bird are much improved.
The Guinea hen was early introduced at Stillwater. It
is a pretty bird of dappled gray color, with a lively note
of "buckwheat, buckwheat." It is a hardy fowl, easy to
raise, useful for its eggs and the table. It was introduced
originally from Africa. Tame pigeons have been for a
long time cultivated at Stillwater. They are very little
trouble to raise. All the care they need is to be provided
with a well-sheltered cage and a little grain in the winter
season. If well provided for, they will generally lay and
hatch two eggs every month, except February. When
full grown and ready to fly the squabs are very fat and
make a delicious barbecue. They are much on the wing,
have no musical note, but are yet very companionable.

I will now advert for a few moments to birds of pas-
sage, of a domestic and social character. And first, of the
robin, "sweet robin red-breast," who never fails to make
his annual return in early spring to his former abode;
taking possession of the orchard and garden, and greeting
the domestic circle with his lively chirps. His morning
and evening songs are delightful. In the months of May
and June at Stillwater it is really enchanting to hear sing-

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 85

ing of the various kinds of feathered songsters, commenc-
ing at the break of day and continuing till after sunrise.
It is one unbroken stream of choral sounds, cock robin
taking the lead in the performance, followed by the black-
bird, the thrush, meadow-lark, pewee, wren, chippie,
martin and hosts of others in endless variety, making one
universal strain of harmonious song, each to vie with the
other who shall raise the highest note of praise to the
Great Creator. How often have I listened with rapture
to the united burst of morning melody of these feathered
songsters in their simple joyous strains uttering praise
to the great I Am. Give thanks to Him all ye creatures
of His.

The different varieties of the swallow, as the martin,
the barn swallow, chimney and bank swallow, etc., make
their regular visits, occupying their former domicile with
each returning season and cheering us with lively chatter.
The martin in his annual visitation likes to be accommo-
dated with a cage. Now a question arises as to the utility
of these welcome annual visitors who so delightfully
enliven our rural scenery. In return for the very small
quantity of fruit consumed, they destroy myriads of
insects that prey upon the fruits of the earth. They also
devour immense quantities of the larvae of insects and
worms. Hence they are more to be commended a thous-
and times than the reckless sportsman who goes prowling
about the premises in mere wantonness for their destruc-
tion. Spare the birds. Spare them for their music, spare
them for their utility. It is almost needless to mention
other birds of passage, as the whippoorwill, the wood-
pecker, bluejay, red-bird, catbird, meadow-lark, etc., etc.,
all of which have their cheering and enlivening effect, and

86 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

teach lessons of wisdom to man. The pheasant and the
quail spend their winters with us.

I ought, perhaps, before the last-named class, to have
spoken of the domesticated aquatic fowls. Of these the
goose claims the first attention. There is a considerable
variety of the genus Anser. The kind always raised at
Stillwater were the large gray variety, good breeders, and
useful for their feathers as well as for the table. A young
fat roast goose is a savory dish. Ducks were cultivated to
some extent formerly at Stillwater. They were large, of
a dark gray color, the drakes wearing a beautiful dark
green head-dress. They afforded good feathers, but were
chiefly esteemed for the table. A young fat roast duck
is an inviting and savory dish.

The only ones of the entomological or insect class that
I shall mention are the honey bee and the common house
fly. These two insects seem to follow in the track of
civilization. Wherever civilized man has fixed his habi-
tation these two little busy animals are also found
industriously discharging their respective offices. The
one for utility exclusively, the other partly beneficial and
partly tormenting to both man and beast. The bee is a
wonderful creature. It forms its cells in constructing its
combs with the greatest mathematical precision in, I
think, pentagonal figures, of about five-eighths of an inch
in depth, each separated by a septum or partition from
a cell corresponding to it on the other side of the comb.
When these waxen cells are filled with the delicious fruit
of their untiring industry, they are hermetically sealed,
so throughout the whole extent of the curiously formed
depository, until it is fully charged with that which
contributes so essentially to the gratification and nourish-

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 87

ment of ungrateful man, who, to obtain the avails of
their labors, was formerly in the habit of destroying the
little meritorious producer thereof by applying the brim-
stone.. Modern science, however, has introduced a much
improved hive, by means of which the honey can be
obtained without killing the bee.

The utility of the common house fly is to consume the
carbonized atmosphere generated by human breaths, as
well as other impurities of the air. Its being web-footed
enables it to walk upon an upright mirror, or upon the
ceiling of a room, where the most impure air of the apart-
ment is found. Notwithstanding the above restriction in
regard to insects, I think it hardly fair to pass by the three
noted household pests in silence, viz: roaches, fleas and
''bedlamites." The first abound greatly in cities, and take
up their abode in kitchen closets and fire places, to the
great annoyance of housekeepers, delighting in moisture
and sweets. It is said the fresh leaves of elder, if strewed
in their path, will drive them away. Red wafers will
also destroy them to some extent, if broken fine and
scattered in their places of resort.

Fleas abound where swine and the canine species resort.
But they prefer, notwithstanding, to cultivate acquaint-
ance with the higher order of creation and fatten at the
expense of human flesh and blood, at whose cost enjoying
their nightly revels. The best remedy after hunting them
down is to keep at a distance from those animals from
whom they originate. The last-named gentry delight to
take up their abode not in the kitchen or out-door apart-
ments, but in the bed chamber and beds of good citizens.
And if once suffered to get the upper hand, they are a
most troublesome pest and hard to be subdued. Various

88 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

remedies have been recommended and tried for the
destruction of these vermin, as mercury, turpentine, etc.
But, Hke sin, nothing is so effectual to keep them under
or within reasonable bounds as daily vigilance, hunting
them out and waging an exterminating war. In this I
doubt not every careful, prudent and tidy housekeeper will
coincide with me.

In this place I think it well to revert to certain dis-
tinguished mercies experienced by several members of
our family, in which the hand of God was most signally
manifested. The first instance was in the case of my
father, who on his return from the city of New Brunswick
in the latter part of the winter of 1795 (where he, with
other officers, had been to receive the arrearages of their
pay for the campaign of the autumn previous) was
overtaken in a severe snowstorm in which he contracted a
heavy cold, the result of which was a severe fit of sickness
which continued for a number of weeks. In the month of
April succeeding, the smallpox being introduced into the
family, a part of us were inoculated and sent over the
way to Uncle Isaac's, to pass through the disease. My
father, equally with the rest of us, was to be a subject of
the operation, but was not yet thought sufficiently
recovered for the ordeal. But it unaccountably so
happened that although he was inoculated a couple of
weeks after the first parcel of us, that he took the infection
the natural way, notwithstanding all our precautions, and
so severely that his life was for a time in great jeopardy.
Yet the Lord in great goodness spared him yet for a
quarter of a century, to the great comfort and benefit of
his family.

The next case of signal divine interposition was in

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 89

regard to myself, and it was on this wise. In the same
spring of 1795, while my father was lying very ill with
smallpox, I was sent to Fallmills on an errand, and on my
return riding the mare Nance, who had thrown almost
every one that had ever ridden her except my father, on
rising a little hill she espied a hog nestling in the leaves
in the fence corner, and as was her custom, like lightning
she started and wheeled round while I, being off my
guard, was landed with my head and shoulders resting
on the ground. At this juncture the sensible beast,
naturally gentle and docile, stood quite still, and for an
instant, turning her head, looked earnestly at me as if
sympathizing m my mishap, while I in the meantime was
endeavoring to soothe her, and reaching up trying to
disengage my foot from the stirrup, she, frightened at
the awkward predicament I was in, jumped again as if
electrified. The fragile girth giving way, very happily
released me from my perilous situation ; the creature now
making the best of her way home, and I not in the least
injured, having obtained assistance at neighbor Swartz-
welder's, arrived safely home likewise.

The next narrow escape I had was when the horses ran
away with my eldest sister and myself on a cold winter
night, coming home from singing school. The same beast
as above, and another spirited animal, had been cruelly
left standing out as the custem then was, without blankets,
to a rather late hour in the evening, and becoming com-
pletely chilled were naturally disposed to move off at a
rapid rate. Accordingly, after proceeding about a quarter
of a mile, in crossing a little rivulet bridge, the sleigh
giving a slight jog, off they started at the top of their
speed. My sister instantly took the alarm, and throwing

9° MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

herself out into a snow bank, escaped unhurt. In the
meantime I, Gilpin-Hke, stuck to the vehicle till, proceed-
ing about 150 yards, the sleigh toppled over, landing me
with the body in the fence corner, I receiving only a slight
injury in the knee. The horses, the meanwhile, being at
full liberty, pursued their course for about three miles
until, endeavoring to cut across an angle of the road, they
got entangled in the woods, the Nance mare receiving a
bad cut in the foot which laid her by for the remainder of
the winter. My sister and I made our way back to Uncle
Roy's, who very kindly hitched up his sleigh and brought
us home, when father and the bound boys turned out in
search of the runaways, which they found about a quarter
of a mile away from home, as above stated.

Another incident, more thrilling perhaps than either of
the preceding, occurring to me some time afterwards, was
on this wise, viz : Being engaged in tending the saw mill
and occasionally having help, so while the other person
was hoisting the gate I would sportively take hold of the
pin attached to the saw frame, and as the mill started
slowly, lift myself up a short distance then drop down
upon the loose floor of the mill, there being, however, an
opening beside the saw frame large enough to let me
through. It so happened on one occasion, that instead of
lighting on the end of the board as usual, I slipped
through the opening into the pitman-hole, about eight
feet below, where I lay at the mercy of the great pitman
crank slowly coming around threatening to dash me to
pieces, while I was struggling to get out of my ugly situa-
tion. Just at this critical moment the man at the gate
happening to cast his eye down spied me, and instantly
shutting the gate saved my life. How signal the care in

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 9 1

this instance of a protecting Providence. My father, on
hearing of the occurrence, remarked there is mercy yet.
I escaped, thanks to the Blessed One, without sustaining
the least injury.

The next instance of hair-breadth escapes was of my
sister, Sarah, who when a little girl of about nine or ten
years of age in returning from Hardwick church on a cold
autumnal Sabbath, riding the Nance mare of skittish
memory, who, being chilled after long standing, was ripe
for a run. My sister being mounted and not well able to
restrain the mettlesome beast, off she started, first upon a
trot, then to a canter, and from that to a gallop, the rest
of us the meanwhile pressing on, striving to overtake her.
Sarah now finding the steed unmanageable, as a last resort
letting go the reins, clung to the horns of the saddle.
Thus in her wild career she passed by a multitude of
people riding in the same direction, causing no little
anxiety and alarm, until at length a gentleman whom she
was passing at full speed, luckily caught hold of the bridle
and restrained the beast just at the brow of a steep hill,
she having already become frightened at finding no
restraint from the rider, and thus my sister was mercifully
rescued from her perilous situation.

The case of my brother Nathan falling into the water
wheel was a remarkable instance of Providential inter-
ference. It occurred in this wise, viz : Of a cold winter
night he was tending the mill. When about eight or nine
o'clock he went out to put ice or tallow on the outer
gudgeon of the water-wheel, the forebay being all glib
with ice, of which, perhaps, he was not aware, his foot
slipping, he lost his balance and pitched head foremost
into the wheel while in full motion, and striking his fore-

92 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

head, as I suppose, against one of the floats or buckets of
the old-fashioned water-'wheel, thence slipping between
the buckets, he was floated down the tail race some
distance. When recovering in some degree from the stun-
ning effects of the fall and wound (the outer table of the
frontal bone being badly fractured), he made an attempt
to clamber up the steep bank of the mill race. He fell
back from debility and loss of blood into the water again,
no one being near to render any assistance. In a second
attempt, however, he succeeded in gaining the top of the
bank, and with difficulty made his way to the store, about
a hundred yards distant, all streaming with blood, where
he found father and some others, by whose aid he was
brought home and taken care of. It was a happy circum-
stance that only the outer table of the skull was fractured.
That, however, was completely broken in. No particular
surgical operation was called for in the case, yet it was
many months before he fully recovered. The hand of
God was signally interposed in this case.

Before concluding this reminiscence I shall revert for
a short time to the character, government and discipline
of my father's family, together with some of the closing
scenes of my parents" lives, with some reflections, etc. I
know not at what period it was precisely that my parents
made a public profession of religion. But it was before
my recollection, and I presume it was under the ministry
of either Mr. Thatcher or Mr. Condit; the former, I am
inclined to think, as there seems from what I have heard
to have been a revival there under his ministry. He pre-
ceded Mr. Condit a short time. From my earliest remem-
brance my father maintained family worship; always on
the Sabbath morning and evening — not altogether so

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 93

regularly on the week days in the former as in the latter
part of his life. He always pursued the practice of invok-
ing a blessing before meals, and never neglected the
scriptural and good old Puritanical rule of returning
thanks to the giver of all good for the favors just
received. "When thou hast eaten and art full, then thou
shalt bless the Lord thy God for the good land which he
hath given thee." Deut. viii, lo. Our parents were some-
what strict in their discipline, but not rigid; maintaining
with dignity and due decorum their authority, thereby
securing implicit obedience, at the same time encouraging
sufficient freedom of speech and action to preserve mutual
confidence. We loved, feared, respected and revered
them. In my childhood we were taught at school to
answer such Bible questions as. Who was the first man?
Who was translated? Who was the oldest man? the
meekest man? the father of the faithful? the first martyr?
the wisest man? Who built the ark? etc., etc. And when
a little older, the Westminster Shorter Catechism. The
Bible was our daily class book at school. It is the best
reading book, and should never be banished from the
school as a class book. The notion that by this means we
make children too familiar with its contents and thus
lessen their respect for it, is fallacious. It is only the plea
of the skeptic and infidel. It was the constant practice of
my father in our youth every Sabbath evening to have us
go over the whole of the Shorter Catechism, he asking the
questions in rotation, closing the evening by singing a
psalm or hymn, and prayer, after reading a portion of
scripture.

My father had a sweet melodious voice for singing.
How often have I listened to his fine tenor voice, attuned

94 MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES.

to a precious hymn, beguiling- the Sabbath morning while
breakfast was preparing. Were sacred music more culti-
vated and practiced in the family, the happiest results
might be anticipated. Sweet melodious sounds have a
wonderful effect in softening and tranquilizing the feel-
ings and preparing the heart for devotional exercises.
Thus the organ, if properly managed, is capable of doing
much in this way. My father always expected the family
to go to church on the Sabbath. Horses and vehicles were
on hand for that purpose, when all hands hied over the
hills to Hardwick meeting house.

In his domestic habits my father, naturally of a mild
and indulgent disposition, was a little strict in his dis-
cipline, especially to the bound boys, in regard to whom
his course might be a little bordering on German severity.
The rod was not spared when dereliction of duty seemed
to call for its application. I think I have said in a pre-
ceding part of this writing that my father was of rather
a modest, retiring disposition. Hence he was not calcu-
lated to shine in a public deliberative assembly. And
although not remarkable for acuteness or shrewdness of
intellect, yet as a military man he excelled. Mounted on
a spirited and well-trained horse, he appeared to great
advantage ; and in marshaling and manoeuvering his troop
or squadron in the field he was in his element, proving
himself not only an expert horseman, but likewise an able
commander. It suited his taste and genius admirably. In
his domestic qualifications, he was in his day a first rate
miller,^ an excellent conductor of the farm, a good

*In 1816 Abraham Shaver and his sons Nathan and Peter had a
store, grist-mill, tannery, blacksmith shop, oil mill, carding machines
and distillery, at Stillwater, and were largely engaged in farming.
They employed a good many people, and among the rest had, in
1816, as many as a dozen slaves. — Snell's History of Sussex and
Warren Counties.

MEMOIRS AND REMINISCENCES. 95

mechanic, excelling in one not unimportant branch of
mechanical art, being an expert carver of roast turkey.

And now having gone through, though very imper-
fectly, with the history of the life and death of my
ancestors, I will corxlude these reminiscences and obser-
vations. I submit them with all their imperfections to
the perusal and indulgent criticism of my friends and
relatives as well as their posterity, for whose benefit and
entertainment the work was principally undertaken, hop-
ing and praying that it may prove a blessing and comfort
to them. It is rather remarkable that my ancestors and
friends not only possessed the Christian religion, but
almost all gave evidence of having died in the faith and
have gone to heavenly rest. What a consolation does this
afford! Thanks be to God for such an ancestry, who,
having filled up the measure of their usefulness in this
world, have entered into the rest that remaineth to the
people of God. I rejoice that I can trace my lineage to
such an ancestry. I esteem it a higher honor to be
descended from such parentage than to be allied to the
highest dignitaries of earth, if they are without piety.

June 5, 1855.

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES

t 7

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES

OF

Residents of Sussex County

Now Deceased (1855)

By REV. CASPER SCHAEFFER, M. D.

I have often thought it would be desirable to attempt a
work of this kind, and I now regret that I had not begun
a record of this sort many years ago. The review of such
a work would be a matter of great satisfaction: the
memory of the departed is in general too apt to be lost
sight of by us. I shall begin by placing on the list the
names of some of by-gone days, without particular refer-
ence to date, only so far as memory may serve to that end.

Judge John Linn, a native of Hardwick Township,
of Irish extraction, after spending the earlier part of his
life on his native place, removed with his family to
Hardyston, in the upper part of the County, where he
purchased a farm and continued to reside the remainder
of his days. He married the daughter of the senior
Richard Hunt, of Hardwick. Judge Linn was possessed
of a strong mind and sound judgment, endowed with
talents above mediocrity; so that his influence was not
inconsiderable in the community, and of a salutary kind.
He represented the district in the United States Con-
gress for several terms^ with honor to himself, as well

lOO BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

as advantage and satisfaction to his constituents. While
in Congress in the winter, I think, of 1822 or '23, he was
taken ill and died of typhoid fever. His remains were
shortly after sent for and brought home to his family.
He was a professor of religion, and I think held the office
of elder in the Presbyterian church. His age . t his de-
cease did not exceed sixty years.^

Rev. Joseph L. Shafer, D. D. My dear cousin
Joseph was a native of Stillwater, Sussex County, N. J.
We were brought up boys together until we left home
to go to grammar school, he in 1802 to Lamington, and
I to Baskingridge in 1803. He, after graduating at
Princeton, turned his attention to the ministry, studying
theology with the Rev. Dr. Woodhull, of Freehold, N. J. ;
after licensure he preached some time in Hardyston, I
think,' and after a short time settled in Newton, where he

*JoHN Linn, son of Joseph and Martha (Kirkpatrick) Linn, was
born Dec. 3, 1763, in Hardwick township. During the Revolutionary
War he was first private, then sergeant, in Capt. Manning's Company,
Sussex, N. J., Troops. He married May 19, 1791, Martha Hunt,
daughter of Richard Hunt, Sr., of Hardwick, who died July 25, 1827,
in the 54th year of her age. They had fourteen children. He was
sheriff of Sussex Co. and in 1805 was appointed judge of the Court
of Common Pleas, serving for sixteen years. He was then elected
member of Congress and re-elected for a second term. He died in
Washington City, Jan. 5, 1821, of typhoid fever. His remains were
brought the whole distance in a sleigh to the North Church cemetery,
where he was buried. His sons, Dr. Alexander Linn and Dr.
William Helm Linn, were eminent in their profession. His grand-
son, William Alexander Linn, son of Dr. Alexander Linn, jour-
nalist and author, graduated at Yale, and afterwards became one of
the editors of the New York Tribune, and later of the New York
Evening Post. He is author of a "Life of Horace Greely," "Story
of the Mormons," and of other historical papers. He is now Presi-
dent of the People's National Bank at Hackensack, N. J.

^"In 181 1 Joseph Linn Shafer, D. D., began his ministry (in the
Hardyston Presbyterian Church), giving by agreement one Sabbath
out of four to the congregation at Cary's Meeting House, and preach-
ing also at Sparta and Newton. He received $132 from the North
Church (Hardyston) as their proportion of the salary. In 1815 he

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. lOI

continued in the successful discharge of his ministerial
duties for many years, during which period his labors
were very much blessed ; he having been favored with one
or two remarkable revivals, in which seasons of refresh-
ing many souls were hopefully brought into the Kingdom
of Christ. Afterward he removed and settled at Middle-
town Point for several years, and then returned again to
his old charge at Newton, where he ended his days of
pilgrimage and the ministry in November, 1853. Cousin
Joseph was eminently a man of prayer, and therein con-
sisted the secret of his success in the ministry. My
Cousin Joseph was naturally unobtrusive, modest and
retiring, and of a very amiable disposition; and although
not particularly distinguished for pulpit eloquence, he will
doubtless have many seals to his ministry in the day
of Jesus Christ.

Isaac Shafkr, Esq. My cousin Isaac was born at
Stillwater, where he resided for a number of years after
his mother's decease. The paternal domain falling into
other hands, he took up his abode at Newton, where he
resided with his family for a number of years, to the close
of his life, which was, I think, about 1850. Cousin Isaac
married a Miss Turner and raised a family of children.
He was a professor of religion, and an efficient advocate
of the temperance cause. (Born July 23, 1783; died
Dec. 18, 1849).

Abraham Shafer, Esq. My cousin Abraham Shafer

ceased to preach in Hardyston and took the exclusive charge at
Newton, remaining there as pastor until his death, with the excep-
tion of two years spent at Middletown Point." See "Hardyston
Memorial," etc., by Alanson A. Haines, Pastor, Newton, N J 1888
pa^e 137.

I02 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

was about eight years older than myself. He married
very young, at the age of about nineteen years; his
first wife was my cousin Sally Beavers. They had two
sons : she died in child-bed with the second. His second
wife was my cousin Lydia Armstrong, from which
union sprang several children, sons and daughters.
Cousin Abraham's premature death occurred in 1824, at
the age of forty-eight years ; it resulted from a severe fall,
which shocked and bruised him internally, and from neg-
lect of being bled at the time, mortification ensued. He
was a man of business and of sterling integrity. Although
a regular and constant attendant at church, yet he never
to my knowledge made a public profession of religion.
He lost his second wife and remained a widower a num-
ber of years before his decease.

Dr. David Hunt. He was a son of Richard Hunt, of
Hardwick, Sussex County, N. J. He studied medicine
with Dr. Linn, of Newton, after whose death he assumed
the extensive practice of more than twenty-five miles in
range, and pursued the laborious and thankless business
for near forty years. Literally living by day and by night
on horseback until no longer able to keep the saddle, he
took to his vehicle until the breaking down of a naturally
robust constitution obliged him to relinquish the pursuit.
He then lingered along for several years in an enfeebled
state of health, until he ended his earthly career in pul-
monary consumption. The doctor had never made a
profession of religion; but disease and bodily infirmity,
it is thought, brought him to serious reflection, giving
ground to hope that he may have made his peace with God
before his departure. His decease took place some

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. IO3

twenty years since. He married my cousin Sally Roy;
they had three daughters. The mother and second daugh-
ter died many years before their husband and father.

Dr. Elijah Everett resided in the township of Hard-
wick. He was a practitioner in that region, having
studied the healing art with Dr. Samuel Kennedy. He
married the daughter of Joseph Gaston, Esquire. He was
a professor of religion, and died at the age of about
seventy-five years, in the year 1851.

Dr. Palmer, originally of Connecticut, came to Hard-
wick about 1 80 1, taught school for some time, and
studied medicine in the meantime with Dr. Kennedy. He
had a ready tact in his profession and was a good prac-
titioner, considering his limited opportunities for acquir-
ing medical instruction. He married Betsy, eldest
daughter of Judge John Armstrong. He practiced first
in Hardwick, and subsequently settled in Hope, where he
died about 1812 or 1813.

Levi Howell, residing in the lower part of Hardwick
Township, Sussex County, N. J., was an excellent, pious
man, and a local preacher in the Methodist connection.
He was for a number of years a member of the Legis-
lature. He was a little eccentric, but an honest, upright
man, and zealous for the truth as he apprehended it. He
died in a good old age, say seventy-five years, about 1820.

Major Henry Duzenbury, resident at New Hamp-
ton. Hunterdon County, N. J., engaged in mercantile
pursuits and possessed a large property in that region.
He resided for several years, in the latter part of his life,
in Philadelphia, engaged in mercantile pursuits. While

I04 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

there he sustained some heavy pecuniary losses. The old
gentleman's great aim through life was to accumulate
wealth, in which he was very successful, being rather close
in his dealings, and shrewd in making a bargain : yet
esteemed a fair and upright dealer. Mr. Duzenbury re-
turned with his family to New Hampton some years
previous to his decease, which occurred about 1825 or 6,
aged about seventy years.

Joseph Gaston, Esq., of Irish descent and originally
from Western Pennsylvania, resided in Hardwick Town-
ship, Sussex County, N. J. He married Miss Linn, sister
to Judge Linn. They had two daughters, one of whom
married Dr. Elijah Everett; the other married the Rev.
John Boyd, pastor of Hardwick church. He was esteemed
a judicious, upright man; he died of bilious colic, about
the year 1803 or 4, aged about sixty-five years.

Joseph Demund, a native, I think, of Sussex County,
was brought up by my Uncle Peter B. Schaeffer in his
mill. He was an excellent miller as well as an ingenious
mechanic. For his third wife he married the widow of
my Uncle Isaac Schaeffer, about the year 1801. He then
resided at Stillwater for a number of years, where he
drove on the distilling business upon a large scale. He
ultimately removed to Lower Sandusky, in Ohio, where
he died in very reduced circumstances, aged, 1 suppose,
between sixty and seventy years. He was a professor of
religion.

John Locke, Esq.^ He resided in the lower part of

^ He was the son of Capt. Francis Locke, ist Battalion Somerset
Militia, who was killed at Elizabethtown, N. J., Sept. 15, 1777. For
list of his descendants, see Armstrong Record.

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. IO5

Hardwick, and was a tailor by trade. After pursuing that
business a number of years, he purchased a farm and
turned his attention to agriculture, and was a very indus-
trious, economical and thriving farmer. He married
Rachel, eldest daughter of the late George Armstrong,
Esq. He died in 1832 or 33. Mr. Locke, although
esteemed in his younger days for his gallantry and polite
attention to ladies' society, was in his more advanced
years content to become a laborious farmer.

James Reeder, Esq., who was a native of Hardwick
and a polite gentlemanly person, was about 1801, 2 and 3
engaged in mercantile business at Johnsonburg. He
married my cousin Euphemia Beavers. They afterwards
settled at Wilkesbarre, where they resided a number of
years, and subsequently removed to the State of Ohio,
where he died some three years ago, aged probably about
seventy-seven or seventy-nine years, maintaining, as I
understand, a goodly profession of faith in the Redeemer
and sustaining the office of elder of the Presbyterian
church.

General Aaron Hankinson was an old resident in
Hardwick Township near Stillwater, a farmer by occupa-
tion, an elder and leading member of the Hardwick
church, and at one time chorister of the same. The old
gentleman was a good kind of man. He was blessed with
a numerous offspring, raising to full maturity seven sons
and five daughters. The daughters all married pretty
well. The old gentleman was very much afflicted in the
latter years of his life with inflammatory rheumatism,
which rendered him in a measure helpless. He died at
rather an advanced age, about 1802 or 3.

106 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

Mrs. Merckle. A worthy and respectable old Ger-
man lady, our near neighbor at Stillwater; whose only
daughter, Lizzy, married the Rev. Jacob Senn, who
officiated as pastor of the German church at Stillwater
for many years. Mrs. Merckle was a pious lady and an
amiable, excellent neighbor. In the latter period of her
life she resided with her grand-daughter, Mrs. Cassady,
above Newton. Her death occurred probably twenty
years since.

Daniel Stuart, Esq.^ He emigrated at rather an early
period of life from his native Erin. He was in his own
country educated for a Roman Catholic priest. He settled
at an early day at Newton, where for many years he was
engaged in mercantile business in company with John
Holmes, Esq., a countryman of his. Mr. Stuart possessed
talent above mediocrity, close in his dealings, but fair; of
good, moral principles; a Jeffersonian democrat and a
shrewd politician. He was for many years Surrogate of
the County. He was somewhat inclined to scepticism at
one period of his life, but afterward renounced Romanism
and, I think, gave reason to hope that he died a true
Christian. He died without issue, some twenty-five years
ago.

John Johnson, Esq. He was a native of Sussex
County and a son of the venerable and respected "old
Henry Johnson. "^ John was, I think, the third of six

* Died December, 1822 ; was President of the Sussex Bank, and
Surrogate for nineteen years, having been appointed December 2,
1803.

'Captain Henry Johnson, son of Coart and Charity (Lane) John-
son, was born at Readington, Hunterdon Co., N. J., Oct. 5, 1737. He
was an officer in the Revolutionary War, first as Quartermaster of
the 2d Regiment, Sussex Co. Militia, and afterwards as Captain of

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. IO7

sons born to the old gentleman. His first wife was my
cousin Hannah Roy, by whom he had five daughters, the
eldest of whom only is now living (Miss Susan). Mrs.
Johnson died about the year 1802, of consumption. His
second wife was my sister Polly, the eldest of our family :
they were married in 1804. They had three children,
JelYerson, Whitfield, and Catharine. My sister died in
child-bed with her daughter, in the spring of 1808. Mr.
Johnson's third wife was the widow of the late Thos.
Anderson, of Newton, by whom he had no issue. He
commenced business at an early period in the mercantile
line; he then kept the largest hotel in Newton for many
years, and was clerk of the county for two terms. He
was a respecter of religion ; as a politician he was an active
Democrat of the JefTersonian school, and exerted a very
considerable influence in the county.^

Mrs. John Johnson, of Newton. She was the third
wife of Mr. Johnson and previously the widow of the

the 13th Company of the same Regiment, Col. John Steward com-
manding. In 1783 he was collector of the township of Newton,
Sussex Co. He was one of the founders of the Presbyterian church
at Newton. N. J., and an elder of the church from its organization
until his death. He died at Frankford, Sussex Co., Jan. 5, 1826. and
is buried in the old graveyard at Newton. His wife, Susannah
Hover, died Nov. 30, 1791. They had six sons, viz: Henry, Jr.,
David and Jonathan (twins), John, Samuel, and William, and two
daughters, one of whom was the wife of Van Tile Coursen. and the
other the wife of John Van Deren. His second wife was Ann Van
Est, whom he married in 1795. They had a daughter, Susanna, who
married John Hover, and went to Ohio.

'John Johnson, born at Newton. Sept. 5. 1764, died Feb. 8, 1829.
He was an extensive land owner at Newton, and held a number of
public offices. Was postmaster at Sussex Court House (Newton),
1793, member of the Assembly from Sussex County 1804-5, County
Clerk Sussex County, 1805-15, and Judge of Court of Common Pleas
1816-25. He built and occupied the house on High Street, Newton,
facing the Ridge Road, which was known as "Monticello." He is
buried in the old graveyard at Newton.

108 BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES.

late Thomas Anderson, Esq., of Newton. She was a lady
of cultivated intellect, refined taste and manners, amiable
disposition and exemplary piety. Her sound judgment
and discretion were evinced in the manner in which she
trained and brought up the two sons of Mr. Johnson:
William Jefferson and Whitfield Schaeffer. Their well
sustained character and gentlemanly deportment, as well
as piety, are a standing monument of her excellence of
character and good management. She died, leaving no
issue, some fifteen or eighteen years since (about 1841).

William Johnson, Esq. He was a brother of John,
above named, and the youngest of the six sons of the late
Henry Johnson, senior, of Newton. William was more
talented than any of his brothers. He was naturally of a
sprightly disposition ; a little volatile in his youth, but had
a tact for business, which was well improved in subse-
quent life, when engaged in mercantile business in New
York, where he acquired a handsome property. His
health, however, at length declining, he closed his busi-
ness, purchased a farm and resided for the remainder of
his days in Lebanon, Hunterdon County, N. J., engaged
in agriculture. He died some fifteen years ago; I trust,
in the full faith of the gospel. I suppose his years did
not much exceed fifty at his demise.

NATHAN ARMSTRONG

(Reprinted from the "Armstrong Record," by W. C. Armstrong)

Nathan Armstrong, the pioneer, was born about
17 1 7, near Londonderry, in the province of Ulster, Ire-
land. He was a weaver by trade, a Scotch-Irishman by
race, and a Protestant by religious faith. At the time of
his emigration he was unmarried and about twenty-three
or five years of age. He lived several years in the central
part of New Jersey; about 1744 he went to the north-
westerly part of the province, to a section known as the
Hardwick Patent, and worked at his trade near the
present village of Johnsonburg. Here he married
Uphamy Wright, a Scotch-Irish maiden. Their oldest
child, Elizabeth, was born March 12, 1747.

He bought a tract of uncleared land of Col. Jonathan
Hampton and built on it a log-cabin; he moved on his
plantation May 17, 1748, and became a farmer. At this
time he was thirty-one or two years of age. The old
Homestead is one mile northwest of Johnsonburg, in the
township of Frelinghuysen, county of Warren, New
Jersey. Here he spent the remainder of his life — twenty-
nine years of health, industry and thrift. During the
panic of 1755, caused by Indian outrages on the Jersey
frontier, Nathan took his wife and children to Marksboro
every evening and passed the night in a block-house that
had been erected at that place. He was interested in local
affairs, held several offices in the township of old Hard-

I 10 NATHAN ARMSTRONG.

wick, and was a member of the Board of Justices and
Freeholders of Sussex County. He was a member of the
Church of England, and took an active part in the organ-
ization and establisLiiicnt of Christ Church at Newton,
New Jersey. The parish was organized October 20,
1769; its charter bears date August 15, 1774, and con-
tains the name of Nathan Armstrong as one of the
original incorporators. He died on Monday, Augnst 11,
1777, and was buried on the farm of Samuel Green. He
made his will during his last sickness. Uphamy died on
Saturday, January 12, 181 1, at the age of eighty-six, and
rests by the side of her husband. Their daughter Sarah
married Col. Abraham Shafer.

CAPTAIN ALEXANDER C. SHAFFERS

Alexander Castner Shaffer, son of Peter B.

Shafer, received his first education in the school at Still-
water; then he went two years to the Blairstown
Academy, and after that three years to the Newton
Collegiate Institute. He belonged to the famous Harris
Light Cavalry. At the solicitation of Mr. W. C. Arm-
strong, he wrote out a short account of his experience in
the war. The thrilling narrative is given in the hero's
own language. Captain Shaffer writes as follows :

"1 was living at my home in Stillwater. One night in
July, 1 86 1, I was awakened from my slumbers by my old
classmate at the Newton Collegiate Institute, George V.
Griggs. He informed me that Kilpatrick had arrived in
Newton that day with authority from the War Depart-
ment to recruit a regiment of cavalry. He asked me to
assist hmi in raising a company for the regiment. We
discussed the matter for the balance of the night, and the
next morning he left me with the assurance that I would
join him in getting up a company. I at once commenced
winding up my business affairs, and in a short time we
succeeded in raising a company known as Company A,
the first one raised in the regiment. Company B was
also organized in Sussex, the two forming the first squad-
ron of the regiment. We went with the enlisted men at

^This narrative is reprinted in part from the "Armstrong Record"
Captam Shaffer however, has recently (Jan., 1907) kindly revised
and re-wntten the story for the purposes of this publication

112 CAPTAIN ALEXANDER C. SHAFFER.

once to New York, where the regimental headquarters
were.

"We were mustered into the United States service on
August lo, 1 86 1, for three years, or during the war, being
the first cavalry mustered in for three years, J. Mansfield
Davies being colonel and Judson Kilpatrick lieutenant-
colonel. We were finally assigned to New York State as
the Second New York Cavalry, and our regiment was
commissioned by the Governor of that State and was
popularly known as the Harris Light Cavalry. Since our
regiment consisted of companies from several States, the
two companies from Sussex, A and B, were designated
as the New Jersey squadron.

"My squadron, under the command of Captain Duifie,
who was the captain of my company, was soon detached
from the regiment, then lying at Washington, and
ordered to the neighborhood of Poolesville, Md., as escort
to General Baker, who was then the United States Senator
from Oregon and in command of the California brigade.
We were there but a short time when occurred the battle
of Ball's Bluff, and the death of General Baker. This was
my first experience under fire. After his death his escort
recrossed the river with his body. This was in the eve-
ning, and I began to assist in ferrying the wounded and
retreating soldiers over the river in a large flatboat, a
huge unwieldly affair, giiided and propelled by means of a
tow line from a canal boat stretched across the stream. I
continued at this work until one or two hours after mid-
night, when, being thoroughly exhausted and wet through
by a continuous rain, I was obliged to give up.

"The first or second boat-load returning after that, the
line parted in the middle of the river. The boat, loaded

CAPTAIN ALEXANDER C. SHAFFER. 1 1 3

to the gunwales and the current being very swift, at once
capsized and sank. My impression is that the entire load,
some sixty or eighty, were drowned.

"We were soon ordered to join our regiment, then
stationed at Arlington, and were a part of the First Army
Corps under Major-General McDowell, whose headquar-
ters during the winter of 1861-62 were in the Arlington
House. We remained there until the following spring,
when the army under Major-General McClellan went to
the peninsula, our corps covering his right flank during
his march up the Chickahominy. We were stationed at
Fredericksburg, Va.

"During the summer our regiment, under Colonel Kil-
patrick, was engaged in frequent raids in the rear of the
Confederate army, destroying large quantities of military
supplies and the railroads in the vicinity of Richmond.
Among the prisoners taken by us was Captain Mosby, the
celebrated guerilla.

"On McClellan's retreat we took part under Major-
General Pope in all the engagements from the Rapidan to
the defences of Washington, and in the Maryland cam-
paign under McClellan. Sufifice it to say that the com-
mand as a regiment and in detachments participated in
over 140 engagements, the records of the War Depait-
ment showing that it exceeded any other cavalry regiment
m the war, furnishing two major-generals and five or six
brigadiers. My active campaigning came to an end in the
fall of 1863, a few months after the close of the Gettys-
burg campaign. At that time General Lee was endeavor-
ing to pass Meade's right flank and get between him and
the defences of Washington. Meade, uncertain of the
movement, was slowly falling back, and orders were sent

I 14 CAPTAIN ALEXANDER C. SHAFFER.

to General Kilpatrick to ascertain the exact whereabouts
of Lee's army.

"It was impossible to send a large force, so my squad-
ron was selected, and the command given to Captain
Griggs. About noon on a bright Sunday in October,
during a halt in the streets of Culpeper, we received cur
orders to cut through the Confederate cavalry, which was
then pressing our rear guard back. We had fallen back
that morning from the Rapidan about ten miles, contest-
ing the ground with the enemy the entire distance, so that
every man felt what we were undertaking. After a
good-by and a God-speed from all the officers of the com-
mand, the order was given, 'Head of column, right about
wheel' Being thoroughly familiar with the country, we
avoided roads except to cross them. At every crossing
we saw or met straggling squads of the enemy "s cavalry;
these we were strong enough to push out of our way,
when we would again take to the woods and by-paths.
After some ten or twelve miles we came to the pike near
James City, skirting the base of the mountains and com-
pletely around Meade's right flank. This we found solid
with marching infantry and artillery.

"We pushed up to within a short distance till we could
plainly distinguish their colors, and until they recognized
us and halted their column and commenced to deploy
skirmishers to engage us. As we had accomplished our
aim, we at once fell leisurely back till hid from view. So
far all well, not a man lost or wounded, but we all knew
the worst was to come; from fifteen to twenty thousand
cavalry had been gathering by different roads in our rear
during our march. The constant booming of artillery
behind us told us they were there. Having halted our

CAPTAIN ALEXANDER C. SHAFFER. 115

command, and having explained to them what to report if
any got through, and that they must get through or die
trymg, we resumed our retreat, and were just entering the
outskirts of Culpeper when the advance fired and fell
back upon the main column. The town was held by a
division of Confederate cavalry. The cannonading and
carbine rattle, with the cheers of the charging columns
showed that the rear of the Union army was not far away!
"A hasty consultation with Griggs and order, 'To the
right charge,' and we were dashing through a stretch of
woods, Griggs leading the right flank, and myself on the
left.

"Being on the right, to pass to the left, after the order
was given, threw me slightly to the rear. Emerging from
the woods we came upon another division of cavalry
entering Culpeper by another road which we were com-
pelled to cross. Continuing our charge on their line, they
opened and allowed us to pass through; but as we went
through they gave us a terrible enfilading fire on the
flanks. Being slightly in the rear, I received more than
my share, and my horse reared and plunged and fell dead
upon me, Griggs falling mortally wounded on the other
flank (October ii, 1863). After giving me a few ran-
dom pistol-shots as I lay, the Confederate troopers came
up and assisted me to rise by dragging my horse off me.
1 was then marched, with two more of our men whose
horses had also been shot in the charge, into Culpeper
where we were put into a building with quite a number of
prisoners, the day's capture. During the night the
prisoners were turned out and marched to the rear. Find-
ing a little bunch of straw, I got one of my men to cover
me with it, and they marched off with the others without

Il6 CAPTAIN ALEXANDER C. SHAFFER.

discovering me. I at once made my escape, and on get-
ting out of the town concluded to pass their right flank
and cross the Rappahannock River at United States Ford,
some ten miles down. After marching nearly all night,
and supposing I had passed their flank, I came, unper-
ceived by me, upon a mounted picket and was recaptured.
When I was turned over to the Provost Marshal who had
charge of me the night previous, he expressed much
delight on seeing me and told me my escape had caused
him much regret. He said he was well acquainted with
my regiment, but seldom had the pleasure of meeting any
in the condition I then was. He gave me a special escort
to Richmond and Libby, impressing upon my keeper the
necessity of watching me closely, that there must be no
more escapes. Prison life in Libby has been so frequently
described that I will pass over my winter's sojourn in that
famous prison, merely mentioning that during the winter
I suffered terribly from an old wound in my arm received
in the Gettysburg campaign. The Confederate surgeons
wished to amputate, but I fought for a postponement, and
finally a small sliver of bone worked out and I soon re-
covered. I was confined, during the fourteen months of
my imprisonment, first in Libby Prison, whence I escaped
through the famous 'Libby Tunnel,' only to be recap-
tured; then in Richmond, Macon, Ga., Charleston, S.
C, and lastly Columbia, S. C, from which place I made
my fourth and successful escape, together with Lieu-
tenants Nice and Hopper of my regiment. The first night
out Nice was taken with chills and fever and had to give
up and go back to the Confederate prison. About one
hundred miles on our way we were joined by two Ohio
officers who escaped about the time we did. From there

CAPTAIN ALEXANDER C. SHAFFER. I 1 7

on we four made the tramp together. One of the Ohioans
was skilled in woodcraft and often he would gather leaves
in the swamp and boil them, making tea which was a
great nourishment to us. Our route was west toward
Sherman's Hnes in Atlanta. Our guide was the north
star, which we would find by the aid of the great dipper.
For two successive nights it was cloudy and rained and
we wandered into the vast barrens of North Georgia,
where we nearly perished, as we could find no clearings or
habitations. On nearing Atlanta we struck the Confed-
erate pickets, which we flanked, and on getting into the
city found Sherman not there, but a brigade of Wheeler's
Cavalry. Here occurred one of the most trying incidents
of our escape. We had taken refuge in one of the few
houses not burned and had hidden ourselves in a room
in the second story. We had been there but a short time
when we heard a party of soldiers in the room below
who had sought refuge from the sleet and snow. The
only exit from our room was by a stairway leading into
the room below, which we had to cross to reach the street
door. We found in our room two heavy post bedsteads,
which we took down and used to thoroughly barricade
the door as soon as we heard the Confederates enter the
house.

"During the long day they made numerous efforts to
enter our room, but our all bracing against the door and
with the help of our barricade we kept them out without
their suspecting the presence of anyone inside. This
worked all right until about one hour before dark, when
a large party having attempted to enter one of them re-
marked as they were leaving the door, 'Fellows, we will
go back to camp and get our things, then come back and

I 1 8 CAPTAIN ALEXANDER C. SHAFFER.

break in this door. We can get good quarters here out of
the storm.'

'^We now knew that we must leave, and that quickly,
and take our chances of getting through the room below
safely — a pretty desperate hope. We removed our barri-
cade silently to prevent those still remaining below from
hearing anything. Then getting together as closely as
possible, we quietly descended the stairs, which landed us
into the lower room at one side of the fire place. The
street door was on the other side. We found the room
occupied by fifteen or twenty men, some sitting and some
lying on the floor, a bright light from the fire gleaming
over them. On seeing us some raised up, but we had to
step over a number who lay asleep. Although we all wore
our uniforms, they evidently took us for a portion of their
own party. As we neared the door they began to grow
very much excited, but, as the Lord willed it, were not
halted and gained the door. We did not dare to speak to
them, although their expressions began to indicate very
plainly the unspoken question, 'Who are you?' A few
doors from the house was a street corner, which we
turned. About a rod ahead we saw a crowd of ten or
twelve coming with all their accoutrements, undoubtedly
the very party who were to occupy our recent quarters.
While our hearts stood still, there was nothing left to do
but to march bravely on.

On meeting us they halted and surveyed us most
searchingly. I was slightly to the rear, and the last one
of them looked at me so fiercely that I was forced to say,
'Howdy.'

"He stared but said nothing, and in a moment more we
had passed them. Just ahead was the burned district.

CAPTAIN ALEXANDER C. SHAFFER. II9

where there was nothing but a forest of bare chimneys
standing. As soon as we were out of sight we went to
the nearest chimneys and crawled up into the fireplace
openings, remaining there until good dark. We then
flanked the pickets once more and escaped from the city,
striking the railroad leading to the Chattahoochie River.
'The night was bitter cold and a furious snow storm
beat in our faces, so that we nearly perished. I was now
barefooted and very thinly clad. Frequently we would
have to lie in the shelter of railway cuts piled one on top
of the other until we got slightly warm, then plodding on
again. This we kept up until daylight, when, six miles
from Atlanta, we reached the river. There we found the
bridge burned, a wide rapid river to cross and six inches
of snow covering the earth. We started down the river
and about a mile from the railway, in the mouth of a little
creek, we found a small boat. It would hold only two
and was very unsafe at that in so swift a stream. Being
our only chance we determined to risk it, and were finally
all safe on the opposite shore. Not finding Sherman, we
thought that he had been defeated and driven back toward
Chattanooga. Wet, cold and nothing to eat for several
days, the prospect ahead was not very encouraging. We
tramped along the road toward Marietta through Sher-
man's old camps of the summer before, picking up now
and then a stray pork rib bone, which we would pound
with rocks and add to our slender bill of fare. At last
we met an old countryman in one of the camps and we
made for him. We told him we were Confederate cavalry
following up the Yankees to steal horses, ours having
been killed. He said the Yankees under Sherman had
gone in the opposite direction toward Macon and

I20 CAPTAIN ALEXANDER C. SHAFFER.

Savannah. This was a great reUef to us, as we felt that
we would not have any large bodies of Confederate troops
to avoid. The mile stones along the track said one hun-
dred and forty miles to Chattanooga. Could four living
skeletons ever hold out to reach that? It was a barren,
desolate country, the armies having fought over it the'
previous summer. The inhabitants were all gone. Once
in emerging from a sharp bend in a railway cut, we came
right in view of a guerrilla company only a short dis-
tance ahead. They had seen us, so it was too late to go
back. We told them that we were deserters from the
39th Ohio, a conscript regiment in Sherman's army; that
we had thrown away our muskets at Decatur and were
trying to get through to Canada until the war was over;
that we did not believe in fighting to free the niggers,
etc.. They believed us, so we begged a little corn bread
from them and then as soon as possible bade them adieu.
If they had had any idea who we were we would have
been hanged from the telegraph poles in short order.
After this we always tried to travel as much as possible
after dark to avoid similar encounters.

"One night, when we were all nearly famished, I sud-
denly struck my foot against something soft. I went on
a few steps, when my curiosity turned me back and I
found that I had stumbled over a large fat opossum. This
gave us a feast and enabled us to make many a mile on our
journey.

"So far the railway had been torn up and the rails
heated and twisted around the trees along the way. We
now struck the road in good order, and from our hiding
place one day saw a group of Confederates going up the
track with a small hand car. We determined that when

CAPTAIN ALEXANDER C. SHAFFER. 121

night came we would capture this and make better time
toward the Union Hnes. We started out as soon as dark-
ness fell, and a mile or so on found the car unguarded by
the side of the track. Our hearts leaped with joy, for we
saw now a welcome change from our weary march. It
was a very dark night when we started, and we made
famous time for a few miles. Suddenly we came to a
dreadful jolt. The car stopped, canting to one side, and
nearly throwing us all off. We found that we had run
for some distance out on the rails of a bridge that had
been burned. The car hung on the ends of the rail fifty
or more feet above the rocky bed of the river. Had these
rails not been slightly spread by the heat and so checked
our car, our journey would have had a sad and sudden
ending. We had a most difficult task to crawl from the
car along the rails back to the bank. Our bright anticipa-
tions were suddenly dashed. Daylight revealed to us
that we were on the banks of a deep river, the Etowah. A
large scow that Sherman had used for ferrying his artil-
lery lay on the shore, near at hand, one end stove in. By
loading the other end with heavy rocks, we so raised the
broken end above the water that we could use it for cross-
ing. It was a most unwieldy affair. Only a short
distance below we could see the rocks in the river and hear
the roar of the rapids, and even where we were the current
drcM' us rapidly down. We managed to make the oppo-
site bank, which rose almost perpendicular from the
water. The others all jumped as we struck, but I being
very stiff and feeble could not jump with them, and their
jumping pushed the flat from the bank. I made all the
effort in my power and landed half in the water and half
on the bank; a few inches less and I would have sunk -

122 CAPTAIN ALEXANDER C. SHAFFER.

the swift water. I managed to cling to some roots and
twigs until my comrades could reach me and draw me up
onto the bank. At the next river we found a covered
bridge, but on the embankment leading to it was posted
a Confederate picket. We crawled as near as we could
and watched. The reserve just below the embankment
had a grand fire burning, and as it was very cold the
picket finally joined them. We instantly began to creep
along the embankment, and so reached the bridge. The
light from the camp fire blinded them, as we supposed it
would, so they did not see us, although we passed so close
that they could have reached out and touched us with their
guns. The other end of the bridge was unguarded.

"We finally reached our lines at Dalton, Ga. My boots
had given out on the third day after leaving Columbia, so
I made almost the entire trip barefooted, often for days
over the frozen ground. The soles of my feet were raw,
the skin worn off, and my ankles so swollen that they
would not bend, the swelling extending above my knees.

"After the long days of starvation my stomach was un-
able to retain any food. I went to the army hospital in
Chattanooga, and would have died there had not two
army surgeons, Drs. Loomis and Brownley, proved the
good Samaritans and taken me to their quarters. Under
their skilful treatment I improved rapidly.

"From there I went to Knoxville, Tenn. Hood, who
was then on his march to Nashville, held the railroad in
rear of Chattanooga, and my escape from there was cut
off. Finding myself penned, I again took up the march,
this time on horseback, from Knoxville across the Cum-
berland mountains through Big Creek Gap. I struck the
Union forces again at Lexington, Ky., another three hun-

CAPTAIN ALEXANDER C. SHAFFER. 1 23

dred mile trip. This trip was fully as perilous as my
previous one from Columbia, the mountains being full of
guerillas. Being then in full uniform, my rank and army
were at once known. Meeting parties of one or two in
the mountains, we would both keep our hand on our
revolver till well out of range, neither allowing the other
to get the drop on him. I was constantly warned by
Union people, who would direct me from one to another,
that it would be impossible for me to get through. From
Lexington I went to Cincinnati; then by B. & O. to
Washington, where I reported to the War Department."
After the war Captain Shaffer was stationed at Walter-
boro, S. C, and had the duty, in the Freedmen's Bureau,
of organizing the labor and putting the freedmen to work,
and of issuing rations to the planters to make their crops
and for their contract hands. He finally left the service
in the winter of 1868-9, and was eight years Clerk of
Court and then Treasurer of Colleton County. He was
later elected Vice-President of the Walterboro Loan and
Savings Bank, and also President of the Colleton Cotton
Mills. He has for many years been senior member of
the Terry & Shaffer Mercantile Company. I may add
that at the time he entered the service of the United States
he could have received a commission, but he preferred to
win his spurs, and went into the ranks. He passed
through successive grades and became captain, his capture
preventing subsequent promotion.

HELEN A. SHAFER

Miss Helen A. Shafer, M. A., LL. D., President of
Wellesley College, was a distinguished mathematician and
educator. No member of the Shafer family achieved
greater eminence or was more widely known than the
subject of this sketch. She was born in Newark, N. J.,
Sept. 23, 1839. Her parents were Rev. Archibald
Stinson and Almira (Miller) Shafer. He was a clergy-
man of the Congregational denomination. The family
moved westward, and for many years lived at Oberlin,
Ohio, where the family home is still maintained. Miss
Shafer, died at the College at Wellesley, Mass., January
20, 1894, of pneumonia, after an illness of less than a
week. Representatives of the faculty of Wellesley
attended her funeral, which was held at Oberlin, and
delivered addresses on her character and life.

The following is an abstract of a notice published in a
Boston paper and reprinted in the Oberlin News, Jan.
25, 1894:

Miss Shafer was graduated from Oberlin College in
1863. After teaching two years in New Jersey, she
accepted a position in St. Louis, Mo. In this school she
held the position of leading instructor of mathematics for
ten years, laying a foundation for a distinguished career
as teacher of higher mathematics. In 1877 she was called
to the chair of Mathematics in Wellesley College, which
she held until 1888, when she succeeded Mrs. Alice Free-
man Palmer as President. For her new duties she was
admirably fitted, both by natural gifts and by experience

HELEN A. SHAFER, 12 5

and training. Her scholarly ability, her tact and skill in
the class room, her dignity and weight of character, her
generous and affectionate nature and her unique versa-
tility, won for her the enthusiastic regard and reverent
love of successive classes of young women who as alumnae
of the college rendered her unfailing loyalty and support.
Her frail physique seemed the only obstacle to her success.
Yet her health suffered no apparent loss under her
administrative cares, and there was good ground of hope
that she had entered upon a long and fruitful term of
office. In 1878 she received the degree of M. A. from
Oberlin College, and in 1893 the degree of LL. D.

Among the comments on her death is one by W. T.
Harris, United States Commissioner of Education, who
said : "In the death of President Shafer higher educa-
tion suffers a great loss. Her methods of instruction
produced the best results I have ever known, and her
personal influence over youth to secure earnest work and
solidity of character, was remarkable." Other expres-
sions of sympathy and esteem were from President
Dwight of Yale. President Carter of Williams, President
Taylor of Vassar, President Harper and Dean Talbot, of
Chicago.

GENERAL AARON HANKINSON

BY
GLNLRAL JAML5 F. RU5UNG

Aaron Hankinson was the son of Joseph and Rachel
(Mattison) Hankinson. He was born Feb. 7, 1735, near
Rowland's Mills, Hunterdon County, N. J., and died
Oct. 9, 1806, near Stillwater, Sussex County, N. J. His
marriage license, dated Feb. 9, 1764, is recorded in the
office of the Secretary of State, Trenton, N. J., and gives
him as of Amwell Township, Hunterdon County, N. J.,
to Mary Snyder of Kingwood Township, same county.
He was brought up on a farm there, still known as the
"Hankinson Homestead," but in 1764 or 1765 removed
to Sussex County and lies buried in the "Yellow Frame
Cemetery" of the Presbyterian church, near Stillwater, of
which he was long an elder. He lived at or near Still-
water, but also owned land in Sandiston Township.
When he removed from Hunterdon to Sussex, his father
(evidently a man of means) gave him and his brother
William farms there of 363 acres each.

He was in commission as Colonel, commanding Regi-
ment N. J. Troops (a Provisional Regt., probably), at
Amboy, N. J., 1776, and was regularly commissioned
Colonel of 2d Regiment Sussex, N. J., Militia Feb. 28,
1777, and continued as such during the Revolutionary
War. He was present with his regiment as a part of
General David Forman's Brigade, N. J., Detached
Militia, at the battle of Germantown, Pa., Oct. 4, 1777,

GENERAL, AARON HANKINSON. 12/

under General Washington, but his regiment appears to
have been kept chiefly at home to protect Sussex against
Tories and Indians — Sussex being then a frontier county
in part. After the war, June 5, 1793, he was promoted
Brigadier General of N. J. Militia, and continued as such
until his decease. He was a member of Assembly N. J.,
1782 to 1786, and again 1788 to 1792 continuously, from
Sussex County.

He had thirteen children,^ as follows :
Joseph, b. 1763, d. 1838; m. Margaret Goble, d. 1844.
Henry,2 b. Aug. 2^, 1767; d. May 5, 1848; m Mary Mc-

Cullough, dau. Col. Wm. McCullough, Asbury, N.

J. Her dau. Eliza B. married Gershom Rusling, my

father.
Sarah, b. 1770, d. Feb. 10, 181 5; m. ist, David Linn; 2d,

John Smedley, June 10, 1806.
John, b. Nov. 25, 1771; d. Aug. 3, 1845; "i- Elizabeth

Hunt, b. Feb. 6, 1770; d. Nov. 2, 1841.
Thomas, b. 1775, d. April 27, 1796.
William, b. Oct. 30, 1779; d. Oct. 17, 1830; m. Margaret

Crisman, March 14, 1805. She d. Feb. 26, 1857.

No issue. He acquired much property at Blairstown,

N. J., which he bequeathed to John I. Blair (his

clerk), which was the beginning of the great Blair

estate.
Samuel, b. 1792; d. April 21, 1793.
Elizabeth, b. — ; d. — ; m. Nathan Armstrong, Jan., 1807.

Fled. 1838.

*The "Genealogical Record of descendants of Nathan Armstrong"
says 12, but apparently there were 13.

"Admitted to N. J. Bar Nov. Term, 1794, and settled at Washing-
ton, N. J. Was Major and Inspector Sussex Brigade, Oct. 26, 1809;
member of Assembly N. J. 1806- 1807- 1808 and 1835.

12 8 GENERAL AARON HANKINSON.

Hannah, b. — ; d. — ; m. Cooper Kelsey, May 14, 1808,

related to Hon. Henry C. Kelsey, probably.
Aaron, b. April 22, 1782; d. Feb. 23, 1850; m. Sarah

Kelsey, April 12, 1804; b. March i, 1785.
Nancy, b. — ; d. — ; m. Aaron Southard.
Rachel, b. — ; d. — ^; m. Sidney Herriott.
Daniel Thatcher, b. — ; d. — .

A fruitful vine, clearly; but am unable to complete his
"Family Record," and am not sure of their order of
births, even.

His grave is on the southeasterly side of the old
"Yellow Frame Church," and near to it (our forbears
liked to be buried as near to the church as possible, and
many inside of it!), in the midst of a group of Hankin-
son graves, and bears the following quaint inscription :

"A. H.

In memory of

B. General

Aaron Hankinson,

who departed this life

Oct. IX, 1806.

Aged 71 years, 8 months, 2 days.

Let all his children in a word,

Unite and praise the Eternal God,

For the sweet hope that he has gone

To rest with Christ God's only Son."

Evidently he was a God-fearing man, of soldierly tastes
and character, a typical Jerseyman of his time, a good
citizen, and a man of parts and substance.

The Hankinson family were English unquestionably,
and settled first in Monmouth County, N. J. Two of

GENERAL AARON HANKINSON. 1 29

them removed to Hunterdon and settled near Rowland's
Mills, 4 miles northeast of Flemington, about 1700 prob-
ably. These were Joseph (father of General Aaron) and
William Hankinson. As early as 1688, Thomas and
Richard Hankinson received a patent for 120 acres of
land in Monmouth County from proprietors of West
Jersey. In 1700 Thomas Hankinson, of Freehold,
bought 610 acres from Benjamin Allen. In 1776 Ken-
neth Hankinson was taxed in Freehold Township for 594
acres of land and 64 horses and cattle. This Kenneth
Hankinson was a man of parts, and June 16, 1776,
became a captain in Col. Forman's battalion, Heard's
Brigade, N. J. Line; also in ist Reg't Monmouth
Militia 1777, and participated in the battle of Monmouth,
June, 1778 (probably). The Hunterdon and Sussex
Hankinsons all claim relationship to this Kenneth Han-
kinson, and Ex-Gov. William A. Newell, of N. J., was a
descendant of his.

If the Hankinsons emigrated from England, they likely
came from Middlesex County there, where they have the
following coat-of-arms : "Ar. a fesse gu. fretty or. betw.
three ducks sa. Crest a demi-phcenix, wings elevated or.
issuant from flames. Motto vi et animo." Burke's Gen.
Armory, 452.

Trenton, N. J., Jan. 22, 1907.

[9

I30

THE OLD GRAVEYARD

THE OLD GRAVEYARD.

In the old graveyard at Stillwater are to be found the
tombstones of many of the early settlers of that part of
Sussex County. The cemetery has been considerably
enlarged and is enclosed by a substantial fence. The
newer part is kept in excellent condition by the local
cemetery association. In the old part the action of the
frost has had the effect of throwing many of the stones
out of the perpendicular, some have fallen flat and others
are leaning forward, giving the appearance of neglect.
The old families have most of them died off, and the
younger generation find it all they can afford to do to
maintain the new section, although they annually clear the
brush and weeds from the older part. The photograph
of the stones shows their condition in May, 1906, and is
reproduced with the hope that some of the numerous
descendants of those buried here may be moved to arrange
for the care of the old graveyard. The writer would
gladly co-operate in such a work. The following inscrip-
tions are to be found here :

Inscription.
HIER
RUHBT der lOH.
PET. BERNHARD.
Geboh. zu KERZen
HEIM, IN DER GRAF-
SCHAFT BOLANDEN
IN EUROPA. ER ist
MIT FRAU. U, KINDEN
IN AMERICA KOMEN
AND 1731. UND
STARB DEN 28
AUG. Ano 1748.

Translation.
HERE
RESTS JOH.
PET. BERNHARD.
BORN IN KERZEN-
HEIM, IN THE COUN-
TY OF BOLANDEN
IN EUROPE. HE
WITH WIFE AND CHILDREN
CAME TO AMERICA
IN THE YEAR 1731 AND
DIED THE 2 8TH OF
AUG. IN THE YEAR 1748.

Q

4

P

(D
4

CQ

THE OLD GRAVEYARD

131

ALHIER

RUHET in GOt lOH-GEORG
WTNDEMUTH GEBOHREN D:
11 MAY 1711 IN PUNG-
STAD, in EUROPA, NAGHAME-
RICAKOMEN. ANo 1736
VERHEjRATH MIT. M:
El: BERNHARTIN Ano
1739, und ZEUGETeN 8
KINDER: LEBETE IM
EHESTAND 43 lAHR
UND 3 MONATH. And
1782 DEN 19 DEC: Abend
UND 10 uhr STARB ER
SBIN ALTER WAR 71
lAHR 3 MON: UND 8-
TAGE. Und VERI.TBS
3 SoHNE und 3 ToGH-
TeR LEBEND

HERB

RESTS IN GOD JOHN GEORGE

WINDEMUTH BORN

11 MAY 1711 IN PFUNGSTADT

IN EUROPE. CAME IN

THE YEAR 1736

WAS MARRIED TO M.

EL. BERNHARTIN IN YEAR

1739 AND HAD 8

CHILDREN. LIVED IN WEDLOCK

43 YEARS

AND 3 MONTHS AND DIED

1782 ON THE 19 DEC. IN

EVENING AT 10 P. M.

HIS AGE WAS 71 YEARS

3 MONTHS AND 8

DAYS, AND LEFT BEHIND

3 SONS AND 3 DAUGHTERS

LIVING

GENEALOGICAL RECORD

A Genealogical Record

OF THE

Descendants of Casper Schaeffer

Casper Schaeffer, who emigrated from the Palatin-
ate, is supposed to have come in the ship "Queen Eliza-
beth," arriving Sept. i6, 1738, at Philadelphia. Here he
remained for two or three years. About the year 1741 or
1742 he went to the present site of Stillwater, then in the
wilderness, where he established a home. His wife was
Maria Catrina, daughter of Johan Peter Bernhardt.
Bernhardt was born at Kerzenheim, Grafschafi Bolanden.
and came to Philadelphia with his wife, who is said to
have been of noble birth, and three daughters. He settled
near Germantown, Pa., and removed to Stillwater, N. J.,
about 1742. He died Aug. 28, 1748, and his is the first
interment in the old graveyard there.

Casper Schaeffer was born in the year 171 2, and
died Dec. 17, 1784. Maria Catrina (Bernhardt), his
wife, was born about 1722 and died Dec. i, 1794. They
had four children, viz :

1. Peter Bernhardt, who was born at Stillwater
July 28, 1744; died April 6, 1799.

2. Margaretta, born 1745, died June 5, 1815.

3. Abraham, born December 17, 1754; died July 11,
1820.

4. Isaac, born June 4, 1760; died March 27, 1800.
Casper Schaeffer and his wife and his son Peter are

buried in the old graveyard at Stillwater. Margaretta,
Abraham and Isaac are buried in the graveyard at the
"Yellow Frame" Church.

136 GENEALOGICAL RECORD.

In preparing this record, the arrangement adopted in
the "Armstrong Genealogy," establishing four groups,
one for the descendants of each of Casper Schaefifer's
children, has been followed. Each group is divided into
branches representing the issue of Casper's several grand-
children. The record contains the names of about 600 of
Casper Schaeffer's lineal descendants. Among these
names are those of patriots and soldiers, ministers,
teachers, doctors, lawyers, business men, and farmers.
Many of these were active and influential in public affairs.
The list contains the names of not less than eighteen
ministers of the gospel, including those connected by
marriage, all of whom were faithful, godly and earnest
preachers of the word. It is a family marked by intelli-
gence, refinement and usefulness, and none of its mem-
bers, so far as known, have brought discredit upon their
ancestry.

GROUP ONE.

The Descendants of CASPER SCHAEFFER, by his Son,
PETER BERNHARDT SHAVER.

Peter Bernhardt Shaver, b. at Stillwater, N. J.,
July 28, 1744; d. April 6, 1799; m. Elizabeth Simpson, b.
Oct. II, 1747; d. May 19, 1823. They are both buried
in the old graveyard at Stillwater. They had 9 children :

1. Anna, b. March 28, 1770; m. Dr. Samuel Kennedy
as his second wife; of their three children, Shafer,
Thomas Jefferson and Sarah, the first named was the
only one to leave descendants.

2. Catharine, b. April i, 1772; m. Archibald Stinson,
of Marksboro, N. J., and had four daughters, none of
whom married except Jane, who m. William Armstrong,
b. July 28, 1793; d. May 17, 1818; no children.

GENEALOGICAL RECORD.

137

3 Mary b. Oct. 14, 1773; m. John Van Deren, and
lived but a short time after her marriage.

4. Abraham, Jr., b. Dec. 4, 1775; d. Aug. 8, 1824; m.
I'st, barah Beaver; 2d, Lydia Armstrong, b. March 3,
1780; d. March 24, 18 17; see First Branch.

5. Alexander, b. Aug. 24, 1778; d. Aug. 22, 1780.

6. Elizabeth, b. Feb. 12, 1781; d. Jan. 15, 181 1; m.
May 27, 1808, John Armstrong, Jr.; see Second Branch.

7. Isaac, b. July 23, 1783; d. Dec. 18, 1849; m. July 3,
1806, Elizabeth Turner, b. Aug. 19, 1787; see Third
Branch.

8. Margaret, b. Feb. 5, 1785; m. Richard Turner; see
Fourth Branch.

10. Simeon Simpson, b. April 20, 1788; d. March 12
1790.

FIRST BRANCH.

The Descendants of

ABRAHAM and LYDIA (ARMSTRONG) SHAFER.

Abraham Shafer, Jr., m. Lydia Armstrong, b.
March 3, 1780; d. March 24, 1817; daughter of William
and Elizabeth (Swayze) Armstrong, and granddaughter
of Nathan and Uphamy (Wright) Armstrong. They
dwe t at Stillwater. Sussex County. N. J., and had five
children :

1. Sarah, b. June i. 1807; d. Sept. 10. 1878.

2. Casper, b. March 23, 18 17.

3-^Euphemia Bray, b. July 30, 181 1; d. Dec. 27,
1 080.

4. Peter, b. July 30, 1811; d. Aug. 20, 1828.

5. Elizabeth, d. Sept. 5, 1828. aged 22 years 7 mos.
Abraham and Lydia are buried at Yellow Frame.
(A). Sarah Shafer. m. Jan. 13, 1827. Ephraim

138 GENEALOGICAL RECORD.

Green Coursen, b. April 7, i8o6; d. May 10, 1866; son
of Enos and Mary (Green) Coursen; (Enos, b. Oct. 19,
1780; Mary, b. July 15, 1785. Sarah and Ephraim are
buried in Dunmore Cemetery, Scranton, Pa. ) . Had three
ch. I. Almeda, b. Dec. 24, 1827; d. Sept. 10, 1878. 2.
A. Hampton, b. May 2, 1832; m. June 13, 1867, Anna
M. Burr, d. June 23, 1873, daughter of Henry and Nancy
(Shafer) Burr. Had two ch., Mary Burr, b. June 12,
1870, and Jessie Stillwell, b. Nov. 17, 1871. After
the death of Anna, Hampton m., December 2, 1874, Kate
E. Wheatley, daughter of John and Harriet (Whitting-
ton) Wheatley; res. at Scranton, Pa. 3. George M., b.
Aug. 10, 1843; d. Nov. 20, 1864.

(B). Casper Shafer m. Caroline Hazen, b. April 14,
18 19; d. Aug. 31, 1 89 1, daughter of Aaron and Elizabeth
(Vought) Hazen, and descendant of Edward Hazen, who
settled at Rowley, Conn., and, in 1650, married Hannah
Grant. Res. at Greensville, Sussex County, N. J. 5 ch.
I. Nathan Hazen, m. Oct. 14, 1875, Katharine Hand
Bentley, b. May 31, 1847, daughter of George Vaughn
and Catharine Cochran (Sayre) Bentley. Res. Newton,
N. J. They had 5 ch., Katharine Bentley, b. Sept. 8,
1877; Edwin Hampton, b. Oct. 29, 1878; George
Carlton, b. Sept. 24, 1880; Francis Hazen, b. Dec. 10,
1885, and Bentley Sayre, b. June 29. 1888. 2. Eliza-
beth, m. Edgar V. Kennedy, deceased. 3. Abram
Edwin. 4. Louisa. 5. Hampton Calvin, b. Sept. 18,
1853; m. Nov. 13, 1890, Mary Elizabeth Blair, b. Oct.
22, 1861, daughter of Milton' Locke and Hetty Maria
(Brown) Blair. Res. at Scranton. Pa. Had i ch.,
Margaret Linen, b. Feb. 10, 1893.

(C). Euphemia Bray Shafer m. Nathan Kerr
Hazen, b. Oct. 28, 1803; d. Dec. 4, 1887, son of Nathan
and Gertrude (Kerr) Hazen. Had 4 ch. i. Sarah
Elizabeth, b. July 27, 1831; m. October 30, 1851, Isaac
Read Kerr, b. May 12, 1827, son of Ira and Phebe
(Read) Kerr, grandson of William Hampton Kerr. Res.

GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 139

at Johnsonburg, N. J. They had lo ch., Nathan Hamp-
ton, b. Oct. 29, 1852; m. Aug. 23, 1877, Nancy Jane Van
Camp, daughter of James Voorhees and Maria (Coursen)
Van Camp. Res. at Marksboro, N. J. Had i ch.,
George Harris, b. Feb. 3, 1882. Lydia Jane, b. Jan.
15, 1845; m. Oct. 30, 1878, George Hoagland Harris, son
of Isaac and Elizabeth (Hoagland) Harris. Ira Clin-
ton, b. June 9. 1856; m. Oct. 29, 1884, Leonora A. Van
Horn, b. Sept. 22, 1854, daughter of William G. and
Macrina C. (Jones) Van Horn. Res. at Johnsonburg, N.
J. They had 2 ch., Floyd, b. Aug. 30, 1885, and Lucy,
b. Aug. 27, 1887. John Wesley, b. Aug. 27, 1858; m.
Dec. 24, 1884, Olive Hankinson, daughter of Elijah and
Mary C. (Schooley) Hankinson. Isaac Calvin, b.
March i. i860; m. Nov. 30, 1882, Lydia A. Johnson,
daughter of Theodore F. and Deborah (Willson) John-
son. EuPHEMiA Gertrude, b. Dec. 9, 1862; m. Nov.
30, 188 1, Ralph Dildine Huff, b. March 10, 1856, son of
Barnett S. and Hannah (Divers) Huff. Res. at Blairs-
town, N. J. They had 2 ch., Nellie Thompson, b. Oct,
II, 1885, and Clarence Read, b. April 30, 1887.
Carrie Malvina, b. March 9, 1865; d. Feb. 8, 1866.
Flavel McGee, b. Jan. 28, 1867; m. Jan. 22, 1890,
Elizabeth Ayres, daughter of Jacob Cummings and Sarah
M. (Read) Ayres. Frank Leslie, b. Aug. 12, 1869,
and William Stitt, b. Oct. i, 1871. 2. Lydia Ann, b.
May 10. 1834; d. Jan. i, 1862; m. November, 1856,
George Hardin, son of John Hardin, and had i ch.,
Euphemia Caroline. 3. Harriet J., b. Jan. 31, 1838;
m. Nov. 21, 1 861, Azariah D. Hart, b. Jan. 8, 1838, son
of Henry Hart, b. April 19, 1805; d. Oct. 20, 1885, and
his wife, Sarah Jane Mosson, b. Dec. 15, 1805; d. Jan. 27,
1867; res. near Newton, N. J. Had i ch., Nathan
Henry Hart, b. Dec. 28, 1864; m. Jan. 30, 1888, Mar-
garet Cox, and has i ch., Ethel M., b. in 1890. 4.
Emma Gertrude, b. March 25, 1847; ^n- Samuel H.
Primrose, son of George and Tabithy (Hunt) Primrose

I40 GENEALOGICAL RECORD,

SECOND BRANCH.

Descendants of JOHN ARMSTRONG, JR., and his wife,
ELIZABETH SHAFER.

John Armstrong, Jr., b. July 6, 1779; d. Nov. 13,
1845; son of Lieut. John and Sarah (Stinson) Arm-
strong, grandson of Nathan and Uphamy (Wright)
Armstrong; married Elizabeth Shafer on May 27,
1808. They had one daughter :

Margaret Sarah, b. June 6, 1809, at Johnsonburg;
m. Jan. 18, 1838, Joseph W. McCord, b. May 30, 1797;
d. at South Charleston, O., July 4, 1852; buried at
Springfield, O.; son of John and Mary (Todd) McCord.
They had 3 ch. i. Hampton Ireneus, b. April 19,
1842; d. Oct. 6, 1843. 2. Cornelia Townley, b. Aug.
9, 1844; d. Dec. 28, 1894; buried in Baltimore Cemetery,
Md. 3. Marshall Armstrong, b. March 13, 1847; m.
May 16, 1878, Mary Louisa Ellermeyer, b. Sept. 12,
1857; d. April 20, 1891; daughter of Charles A. Eller-
meyer, b. in 1822, in Hanover, Germany, and his wife,
Elizabeth Cooper, who was a daughter of Benjamin and
Letitia (Culpepper) Cooper, and was born Aug. 21,
1829, near Currituck Sound, N. C. They had 3 ch.
Curtis Hulce. died in infancy; William Ellermeyer,
b. April 13, 1880, and Margaret Cornelia, b. July 8,
1882.

After the death of Mary, Marshall m., June 11, 1892,
Sarah A. McGahan, b. May 21, 1855, daughter of Wil-
Ham and Mary (Neely) McGahan, of Derry, Ireland.
Res. at Baltimore, Md.

THIRD BRANCH.

Descendants of
ISAAC SHAFER and ELIZABETH (TURNER), his wife.

Isaac Shafer, b. July 23, 1783; d. Dec. 18, 1849; i"->

GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 1 41

July 3, 1806, Elizabeth Turner, b. Aug. 19, 1787. They
had 10 children:

1. Robert Turner, b. April i, 1807; d. April 13,
1883.

2. Abraham Barnet, b. Dec. 18, 1808; d. Nov i^
1883.

3. Rev. Archibald Stinson, b. Sept. 12, i8io- d
Feb. 6, 1888.

4. Thomas Hunt, b. Oct. 17, 1812; d. April 6, 1879.

5. Rebecca Jane, b. Dec. 14, 1814; d. Sept. 8, 1889.

6. Ann Kennedy, b. July 11, 1817, unmarried.

7. Delilah, b. Nov. 14, 1820; d. April 21, 1891, un-
married.

8. Jehiel Talmage, b. March 29, 1823.

9. Benjamin Johnson Lowe, b. Nov. 17, 1826; d.
Oct. 16, 1833.

ID. Catharine Elizabeth, b. May 17, 1828; d. Oct.
18, 1882, unmarried.

(A). Robert Turner Shafer m., June 6, 1829,
Catharine Raub Hazen, b. Oct. 9, 1807; d. Feb. 18, 1864;
both buried at Nev^ton, N. J. They had 7 ch. — i. Finley
Dawson, b. March 7, 1830; d. Sept. 24, 1891 ; m. Cath-
arine Cole and had i ch., Jennie. 2. Isaac Calvin, b.
April 12, 1833; d. Jan. 3, 1906; m. Susie Letitia Gordon,
t>- July 15, 1836, and had 5 ch. — Ella Eugenie, b. Nov.
8. 1859; ^-^ April 19, 1892, Charles Somerby Noyes, b.
about 1856. Florence Nightingale, b. Oct. 2, i860;
m., April 19, 1906, Wm. Judson Whitaker. Fannie
Estelle, b. Dec. 26, 1865; d. June 15, 1870. Edith
Gordon, b. April 18, 1872; m., Oct. 6, 1898, Frank M.
Pendreigh; d. March 20, 1900. Lillian Olcott, b.
May 22, 1877; m., July 14, 1905, to Herbert G. Fisher.
3. Aaron Whitfield, b. Jan. 7, 1836; d. March 16,
1900; married and had i child. 4. Nathan Barnet, b.
Nov. 22. 1837; m., April 27, 1870, Emma Broadley, b.

142 GENEALOGICAL RECORD.

Feb. 23, 1838. They had 2 ch., May Neilson, b. Feb.
I, 1873, and Blanche Murray, b. Jan. 22, 1879. 5.
William Bell, b. Sept. 20, 1840; m. Annie Pruden.
6. Benjamin Johnson Lowe, b. April 13, 1846; m.
Jennie Harris. Their children, Morgan Robert, m.
Edythe Smith, and Victor Fox. 7. Emma Elizabeth,
b. Dec. 19, 1848; m. James Richardson Whyte, b. April
27, 1846. Their children, Jessie, b. Dec. 9, 1869; Alice,
b. Dec. 9. 1869; d. May 23, 1874; Elsie, b. Sept. 23,
1875; Ida Katherine, b. June 12, 1877, and Howard,
b. Feb. 9, 1883.

(B). Abraham Barnet Shafer m., July 9, i860,
Orpha Loretta Hooker, b. April 8, 1835; has son living.

(C). Rev. Archibald Stinson Shafer,^ m., Aug.
II, 1833, Almira Miller, b. Nov. 28, 1806; d. Nov. 2,
1890. Their children, Miller, deceased; Helen Eliza-
beth, deceased; Mary Jane, unmarried, and lives at
Oberlin, O.; Helen Almira, b. Sept. 23, 1839; d. Jan.

20, 1894; John Joseph, deceased, m. Catharine Jacoby,
and Sarah Ann, d. in infancy.

(D). Thomas Hunt Shafer m., May 18, 1836, Ann
Margaret Savercool Beach, b. March 25, 1817. Their
children: i. Louisa Ann, b. Aug. 23, 1837; m., Sept.

21, 1865, Jonathan Edwards Morris, and had 8 ch. :
Margaretta Louise, b. Dec. 6, 1866; d. June 20, 1868;
Emma Roy, b. Jan. 5, 1869, deceased; Laura May, b.
Oct. 25, 1870, deceased; Eva Byington, b. Jan. 30,
1873; Edward Hunt, b. April 25, 1875; m., June 26,
1906, Jessie Esther Thayer; Sue Ford, b. Aug. 24, 1877;
m., June 28, 1903, Maurice Peris Ap Madoc, M. D.;

'^Rev. Archibald Stinson Shafer was bom near Blairstown, N.
J., Sept. 12, 1810; married Almira, daughter of Judge Miller of New-
ton, N. J., Aug. II, 1833. He became a Congregational minister, and
had pastorates at Rochester, N. Y. ; Leroy, N. Y. ; Gaines, N. Y., and
Rock Creek, Ohio. He was a successful evangelist and devoted
pastor until ill health compelled him to give up his charge. He
removed to Oberlin, O., where he lived about twenty years until his
death, February 6. 1888.

GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 1 43

David Aubrey, b. Feb. z-j, 1879. 2. Susan Eliza-
beth, b. July 12, 1840; m., April 8, 1862, Jasper Scudder
Clark, b. Jan. i, 1839; d. Feb. 11, 1878; had 4 ch. :
Benjamin Green, b. Aug. 10, 1863; d. in infancy;
Mary Louise, b. Jan. 7, 1866; Edith Shafer, b. Oct.
13, 1869; d. Aug. 5, 1872; Ella Mabel, b. Feb. 9, 1874.
3. Hannah Jane, b. June 26, 1849, not married. 4.
David Lee, b. May 30, 1851; m., Oct. 24, 1883, Amelia
Holloway.

(E). Rebecca Jane Shafer m., Feb. 17, 1842, Rev.
Thaniel Beers Condit, b. June 4, 1804; d. Jan. 13, 1888;
5 ch. — I. Ann Maria, b. Dec. 5, 1842, unmarried. 2.
Elizabeth Wilson, b. May 7, 1844, unmarried, resides
at Stillwater. 3. Rev. Elbert Nevius, b. May 2, 1846,
deceased; m., July 23, 1884, Jennie Clark, b. Feb. 18,
i860. Their ch., Anna Melita, deceased; Elbert
Clark, David Harold and Edwin Hiram, deceased. 4.
Rev. Isaac Hiram, b. Sept. 8, 1848; m., June, 1881,
Anna Macldo Whyte (deceased). They "had James
Whyte and George Hiram. Rev. Isaac Hiram
Condit m., May, 1893, Hannah May Scripture as his 2d
wife. Their ch., Paul Grandin and Elbert Caryl. 5.
Sarah Linn, b. April 6, 1852; m., May 2, 1882, Andrew
Dawson Whyte. b. Aug. 6, 1848. and had a son. Andrew
Condit Whyte.

(F). Jehiel Talmage Shafer m., Sept. 20, 1855,
Harriet A. Comes, b. April. 1836. They had 7 ch., viz:
I. Irving Newell, b. May, 1856. 2. Harry Talmage.
3. Cora Isabel. 4. Elbert Condit. 5. Frederick
Lincoln. 6. George. 7. William.

FOURTH BRANCH.

The Descendants of
MARGARET SHAFER and RICHARD TURNER.

Margaret Shafer m. Richard Turner, and had 3
children :

144 GENEALOGICAL RECORD.

1. Mary, who died young.

2. Elizabeth, who married John Bunting and had 3
ch. — I. Gershom CouRSEN, who died young. 2. Anna,
who never married. 3. Emma, m. Edward Perron; no
children.

3. Rebecca Maria.

GROUP TWO.

The Descendants of
CASPAR SCHAEFFER, hy his daughter MARGARETTA.

Margaretta Schaeffer, b. 1745; d. June 5, 1815; m.
John Roy, b. Feb. 6, 1743; d. Feb. i, 1803; son of John
Roy, Sr., b. Feb. 11, 171 1, and Margaret (Insley) Roy.
John Roy, Sr., was less than a year old when he was
brought to America. They had 9 children :

1. John Casper, b. July 30, 1785; d. i860; m. Mary,
daughter of William Armstrong and grand-daughter of
Nathan Armstrong. See First Branch.

2. Hannah, b. Jan. 28, 1771; d. March 8, 1803; first
wife of John Johnson. See Second Branch.

3. Sarah, b. 1780; d. Dec, 1806; m., Nov., 1800, Dr.
David Hunt, b. 1776; d. March 2, 1831. See Third
Branch.

4. Bernhardt Shafer, m. Sarah Primrose. See
Fourth Branch.

5. Margaret, m. David Gustin. See Fifth Branch.

6. Elizabeth, m. David Gustin, second wife. See
Fifth Branch.

7. Susan (unmarried), d. March 31, 1862, aet. 87.

8. Mary (unmarried), died young.

9. Joseph Insley, d. Aug. 20, 185 1, aet. about 60
years; m., first, Sarah Linn; second, Nancy Drake. See
Sixth Branch.

[ 10

146 GENEALOGICAL RECORD.

FIRST BRANCH.

The Descendants of
JOHNi CASPER and MARY (ARMSTRONG) ROY.

John Casper Roy m., Feb. 13, 1805, Mary Arm-
strong, b. 1788; d. June i, 183 1. Res. near Hardwick
Church, Marksboro, N. J., in a large two-story stone
house (still standing) until 1840, when they moved to
Morris County, N. J. Nine children :

1. William, b. 1806; d. in infancy.

2. Sarah Morris, b. Oct. 2, 1808; d. 1881.

3. Elizabeth Susan, b. July 11, 181 1; d. Dec. 30,
1897.

4. Mary Euphemia, b. Sept. 24, 1814; d. March 14,
1899.

5. Joseph John, b. June 5, 1816; d. 1887.

6. Lydia Armstrong, b. Dec. 21, 18 18; d. June 21,
1891; m. Rev. James Cook Edwards as his third wife.

7. Hannah Johnson, b. Feb. 8, 1821; d. 1880.

8. Elias Crane, b. Oct. 13, 1823; d. Feb. i, 1895.

9. Seymour, b. Oct. 6, 1828; d. in infancy.

Mary (Armstrong) Roy was buried at the Yellow
Frame; her husband at Morristown.

(A). Joseph John Roy m., Oct. 19, 1841, Sarah Ann
Vought, daughter of Jacob and Sarah (Snover) Vought.
Eleven ch. — i. John Jacob, b. Dec. 15, 1853; m., March
10, 1886, Anna Olivia Hulbert, b. June 9, i860, daughter
of Joseph and Hannah B. (Sargeant) Hulbert. Res at
Mendham, N. J. Had i ch., Raymond Hulbert, b.
June 5, 1889. 2. William Clinton, m., and has i ch.,
Mary. 3. Samuel Headley, b. Feb. 18, i860; m., Sept.
8. 1886, Mary A. Endean, b. July 21, 1861, daughter of
James and Mary (Matthews) Endean. Res. at Suc-
casunna, N. J., and have 2 ch., Charles Henry, b. Dec.

GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 147

4, 1888, and Mabel Pauline, b. Jan. 19, 1893; d. Jan.
2, 1894. 4. Elias Casper, m., and has 4 ch., Celia,
Clara, Elmer and Edna. Res. at Kenville, N. J. 5.
George P., m., and has i ch, Mima May, who married
George Fear, and has 3 ch., Roy, Florence and Nor-
man. 6. Anna Mary, m. James Dunlop, and had 4 ch.,
Thomas Harry (who m. Hannah Larey and had 3 ch.,
Francis, Freddie and James) ; Sarah Isabella (who
m. Gates B. Parson and had 2 ch., Ethel and Henry) ;
Anna Grace, deceased, and Margaret Agnes, deceased.
After the death of James, Anna Mary m. Ehas B. De-
Groot, and had two ch., Joseph Freeman and Ida Maud.
Res. at Mendham, N. J. 7. Rachel Emma m., March
10, 1868, Richard T. Bowman, b. Oct. 5, 1835, son of
Thomas and Martha Horton (Stout) Bowman. Res at
Morristown, N. J. Seven ch.— Anna Bell, b. Jan. 3,
1869; d. Oct. 10, 1869. Eva, b. May 16, 1870; m. Theo-
dore O. Slockbower, and had i ch., Helen. Henrietta,
b. Sept. 24, 1871 ; d. July 20, 1872. Albert, b. Sept. 22,
1873. Richard T., b. Oct. 13, 1874. Charles
Arthur, b. July 15, 1878. Emma Leonora, b. May 24,
1 881. 8. Kate F., m. Daniel F. Backer. Res. at New-
ark, N. J. Four ch., Henrietta, Frank, Clara and
Benjamin. 9. Sarah Isabella. 10. Henrietta, d.
1872. II. Frank.

(B). Hannah Johnson Roy, d. Nov. 27, 1880; m.,
July 9, 1856, Samuel Anness, b. July 16, 181 7; d. Sept.
28, 1872. Three ch. i. Lydia J., b. Sept. i, 1857; m.,
Dec. I, 1885, Truman H. Scott, b. Oct. 12, 1854, son of
John T. and Hannah (Judson) Scott. Res. at Morris-
town, N. J. Two ch., Marion Hannah, b. May i, 1887,
and Truman Anness, b. May 18, 1889. 2. Edward S.,
b. April 10, i860; m., Oct. 3, 1886, Mattie DeNoyles, and
had I ch., Edna. 3. Hannah, b. Feb. 6, 1863; m.
Carlton Dobbins, son of John H. and Catharine B.
(Milburn) Dobbins, and had i ch., Carlton Anness, b.
Oct. 9, 1888. Res at Morristown, N. J.

14^ GENEALOGICAL RECORD.

(C). Elias Crane Roy, m. Catharine C. Freeman,
daughter of John Ross Freeman. They had 2 ch. — i.
John Casper, b. April 15, 1849; d. May 30, 1881. 2.
Joanna Freeman, b. Aug. 11, 1853.

SECOND BRANCH.

The Descendants of
JOHN and HANNAH (ROY) JOHNSON.

Hannah Roy m., Oct. 26, 1790, John Johnson, b.
1764; d. Feb. 8, 1829. They had 6 ch. : (He had three
children by his second marriage. See Group Three, First
Branch).

1. Susan Maria, b. Sept. 24, 1792; d. Feb. 16, i860;
unmarried.

2. Eliza Matilda, b. April 21, 1793; d. Jan. 13, 1826.

3. Mary (Polly), b. Dec. 2, 1794; d. Sept. 6, 1795.

4. Hannah Margaretta, b. Jan. 9, 1796; d. Oct. 18,
1827.

5. Sarah Amanda, b. Feb. 3, 1799; d. Dec. 23, 1804.

6. Harriet Roy, b. Nov. 14, 1800; d. Jan. 16, 1836.

(A). Eliza Matilda Johnson m. Dr. George Hop-
kins, d. Oct. 28, 1819, aet. 27 years, and had 2 ch. : i.
Samuel Johnson, who m. Eliza Berrien and had 3 ch.,
George, Minnie and William, who died unmarried,
except George, who went to China and married, leaving
issue, living in England. 2. George G., who m. his
cousin Elizabeth, daughter of Gen. Hopkins. They had
5 ch., Araminta, Anna, Grace, Alonzo and Al-
p HON so.

(B). Hannah Margaretta Johnson m. Rev. Elias
W. Crane,! d. Nov. 10, 1840. Had 5 ch. : i. Hannah

* Rev. Elias Winans Crane. D. D., was born at Elizabethtown, N. J..
Mch. 18, 1796, graduated at the College of New Jersey, 1814, and at
the Princeton Theological Seminary, 1817. He was pastor at Spring-

GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 1 49

Roy, b. May 15, 1820; d. Aug. 2, 1850; m. John A.
Gkinn. They had i ch., Margaretta S., who d. Aug.
13, 1877, unmarried. 2. Martha W., b. Feb. 22, 1822;
d. June 22, 1874; m. Henry N. Beach, d. 1881. They
had 7 ch. — Caroline B., d. Feb. i, 1894, unmarried.
Henry C, who married Lucretia S. Hazard. Frank J.,
m. Anna Wilkie. He d. without issue. Anna J., d.
Jan. 13, 1903, unmarried. The other three children died
in childhood. 3. Belinda H., b. Oct. 29, 1823; d. May
10. 1855; m. Jeremiah Ross, and had i ch., Henry
Crane. 4. Elizabeth Woodruff, b. Sept. 4, 1825; d.
in infancy. 5. Rev. Elias Nettleton,^ b. July 4, 1827;
d. May 26, 1895; m., April 21. 1864, Mary Elizabeth
Pruden, and had 3 ch., all of whom died in infancy.

(C). Harriet Roy Johnson m., Dec, 1832, Rev.
James Cook Edwards,^ b. 1807. Had 2 ch. i. James
William, b. 1833; d. when a young man. 2. John W.,
b. 1834; d. in infancy.

field, N. J., 1820-26, and at Jamaica, L. I., from 1826 until his death,
which occurred Nov. 10, 1840. He was a Director of the Princeton
Theological Seminary, 1836.

^Rev. Elias Nettleton Crane, son of Rev. Elias Winans and
Hannah Margaretta (Johnson) Crane, was born Jan. 4, 1827, at
Jamaica, Long Island, graduated from Princeton College in 1852,
and entered the Theological Seminary at Princeton the same year,
graduating in 1855. He was pastor of the Presbyterian Church at
New Vernon, N. J., from 1856 until 1862. He served as chaplain of
175th Reg. New York Volunteers for three months in 1863, and was
agent for the United States Christian Commission from September,
1863, to July, 1865. He was chaplain of the American Seamen's
Friend Society from August. 1865, until 1881. In 1883 he was trans-
ferred to the Navy Yard, Brooklyn, N. Y., and labored there until
April 4, 1892, when he was compelled to give up active work on
account of ill health. He subsequently resided in Elizabeth, New
Jersey, until his death, which occurred May 26, 1895. He was
married to Miss Mary Elizabeth Pruden.

°Rev. James Cook Edwards was born in Warren Co., N. J., Mar.
12, 1807. A graduate of the College of New Jersey, 1830, and tutor
1832-33, graduate Princeton Theological Seminary. Preached at
Smithtown, N. J. Pastor of South Church, Morristown, N. J.,
1852-60, died at Morristown, June 28, 1880.

I50 GENEALOGICAL RECORD.

THIRD BRANCH.

Descendants of SARAH ROY and DR. DAYID HUNT.

Dr. David Hunt, b. 1776; d. March 2, 1831; buried in
old cemetery at Newton; son of Lieut. Richard and Mercy
(Hull) Hunt, m., Nov., 1800, Sarah Roy, b. 1780; d.
Dec, 1806; buried in Yellow Frame Cemetery. They
had 3 children :

1. Elizabeth, b. Feb., 1801; d. Dec. 11, 1836; m.
Schuyler Halsey, b. Feb. 26, 1797; d. Nov., 1820. No
children.

2. Hannah Margaretta, b. Nov., 1802; d. June 13,
1825, unmarried.

3. Sarah, b. Nov., 1804; d. April 13, 1894.

(A). Sarah Hunt m., Nov., 1829, Rev. Jonathan
Ford Morris, b. 1801; d. July 11, 1886, at Bushnell, 111.
They had 9 ch. : i. Sarah Elizabeth, b. Sept, 24, 1830;
m. Samuel Hays. 2. Mary Louisa, b. July 6, 1832. 3.
David Hunt, b. Oct. 16, 1833; m., Sept. 28, 1858,
Lucilla Linn Shafer, and had 6 ch. (See List of De-
scendants of Nathan Armstrong Shafer.) 4. Jonathan
Edwards, b. June 6, 1835; m. Louisa Shafer. 5. Wil-
liam Melville, b. March 11, 1837; m. Maggie Post. 6.
Joseph Euen, b. Nov. 11, 1838; m. Jemima Lyon. 7.
Hannah Margaretta, b. Nov. 15, 1840. 8. Emma
Cordelia, b. Oct. 8, 1842. 9. Laura Adelaide, b. Jan.
6, 1845.

FOURTH BRANCH.

Descendants of
BERNHARDT SHAFER ROY and SARAH PRIMROSE.

Bernhardt Shafer Roy m. Sarah Primrose about
1810. He died about 1812. She survived him. They
had I child :

GENEALOGICAL RECORD. I 5 I

Joseph Morris, b. Feb. 25, 181 1; m., Feb. 7, 1832,
Lucy Northrup Owen, who died March 2, 1862. They
had 5 ch. — I. Joseph Northrup, b. Jan. 26, 1835; m.
Sarah EHzabeth Stiner, Dec. 13, 1844, and had 5 ch.,
Arthur Prescott, b. April 20, 1862; Charles Morris,
b. Dec. 3, 1868; Infant Little Stranger, b. Sept. 10, 1870;
d. Sept. 19, 1870; Frederick Louis, b. July 12, 1873,
and Louisa C, b. June 30, 1875. 2. George Primrose,
b. Nov. 18, 1837. 3. Austin Owen, b. Aug. 22, 1840.
4. Charlotte Louisa, b. Aug. 22, 1844; m. Luther
Johnson. 5. Robert Lester Smith, b. Jan. 30, 1850.

FIFTH BRANCH.

Descendants of MARGARET ROY and ELIZABETH ROY,
the first and second wives of DAYID GUSTIN.

Margaret Roy d. between 1807 and 1810; m., Jan. 16,
1803, David Gustin. They had 2 children:

1. John Roy, died single.

2. Susan Margaret, b. May 31, 1806; d. 1878.

(A). Susan Margaret Gustin m., 1830, Jacob
Losey, b. 1803; d. 1888. They had 8 ch. : i. John H.,
b. 1831; d. Nov. 15, 1889; m., April 25, 1853, Ellen E.
Brown, b. 1828. They had Susan E., b. Dec. 3, 1854;
d. Sept., 1855; John Jacob, b. Nov. 15, 1857; d. Feb. 7,
1881, unmarried; Thomas H., b. Jan. 18, 1862; un-
married; Nelson Ames, b. April i, 1864; d. March,
1865; Harriet PL, b. May 4, 1867; m., Nov. 3, 1895,
Louis F. Timmerman, and had Louis F., Jr., b. Oct. 9,
1896, and Helen L., b. Dec. 8, 1903; Louise S., b.
March 6, 1872; m., June 28, 1898, Edward L. Bunn. 2.

Joseph Insley, b. 1832; m. Rose ' — , who died in

1880, without issue; Joseph m. as second wife, Ellen
Marcellis, and had Flossie, b. 1885. 3. Ebenezer L.,
b. 1836; m. Eliza Watt, and had Ebenezer, Eleazer
John, Gustin, Lizzie, Hattie and Nellie. 4. Sarah.

152 GENEALOGICAL RECORD.

b. 1839; d. young. 5. Elizabeth, b. 1839; d. young;
Sarah and Elizabeth were twins. 6. Edgar D., b.
1840; m. Kate Doren, and had Maggie, Hattie, John,
Nellie, Christopher, Edgar and Kate. 7. Samuel
G., b. 1849. 8. Susan H., b. 1859.

David Gustin then married Elizabeth Roy, b. about
1 781; d. Oct. 30, 1 85 1. They had 3 children:

1. Bernard Owen, d. young.

2. Samuel Insley, d. July, 1879.

3. Sarah Roy, b. 181 1 ; d. July 26, 1874.

(A). Samuel Insley Gustin m. Adeline Woodruff,
b. Jan. 12, 1816; d. Oct., 1873. They had 3 ch. : i.
Sophie E., b. March 4, 1843; d. Aug. 8, 1904- 2.
George Woodruff, b. Jan. 29, 1846; d. May 5, 1895,
unmarried. 3. Helen, b. May 8, 1853; m., Dec. 20,
1877, George H. Logan, and had Louise Adeline and
Georgia Insley, who m. William Chambliss Redding,
and had William Chambliss, Jr., b. 1907.

(B). Sarah Roy Gustin m., Nov. 18, 1830, James
Deazley, b. 1805; d. Aug. 10, i860. They had 7 ch. : i.
David Nesbit, b. Jan. 25, 1832; d. Nov. 13, i860; m.,
Nov. 16, 1854, Martha J. Ross, and had 3 ch. — Sarah E.,
b. Nov. 6, 1855; m. Seely Ryerson, July, 1890. Mary
Adeline, b. Nov. 21, 1857; m., Nov. 10, 1883, Fred M.
Pellet. They had Maude L., b. 1884, and Obie A., b.
Aug., 1890. James A., b. April 16, 1859; d. Feb. 20,
1861. 2. Mary E., b. July 19, 1833; d. Feb. 17, i860;
m.. Nov. 29, 1849, William Haines. They had 2 ch.
George J., b. Sept. 21, 1852; d. Jan. 5, 1905; m., about
1885. Marguerite Sanderson (no issue), and Sarah
Adeline, b. June 10. 1854; d. March 14, 1855. 3.
James, b. Aug. 3, 1835: d. March 13, 1855, unmarried.
4. Augustus, b. Feb. 24, 1837; d. Feb. 7, 1859, un-
married. 5. Sarah Margaretta, b. Sept. 27, 1839; d.
July 18, 1854. 6. Maria Adeline, b. Aug. 27, 1843; d.
Oct. 12, 1845. 7. Louise Shafer, b. March 9, 1846;

GENEALOGICAL RECORD.

^53

m., March 8, 1866, George Stuart McCarter. No chil-
dren. He is a broker, at Paterson, N. J.

SIXTH BRANCH.
Descendants of JOSEPH INSLEY ROY.

Joseph Insley Roy, son of John and Margaret Shafer
Roy, m., April 24, 1817, Sarah Linn. He married again,
March 12. 1823, Nancy Drake. They had 4 children :

1. Nathan Roy, m. Eveline Hopping.

2. David Roy, m. Kate Greenmyer.

3. Alfred, deceased.

4. James R., deceased.

GROUP THREE.

The Descendants of
CASPER SCHAEFFER, by his son ABRAHAM SHAVER.

Col. Abraham Shaver (or Shafer), b. Dec. 17, 1754;
d. Jan. II, 1820; son of Casper and Maria Catrina (Bern-
hardt) Schaeffer; m., Jan. 19, 1781, Sarah Armstrong, b.
Jan. 10, 1761; d. Aug. 27, 1827. She was daughter of
Nathan and Uphamy (Wright) Armstrong. They re-
sided at Stillwater, Sussex County, N. J. They are
buried at the Yellow Frame. They had 10 children:

1. Maria Catharine, b. Oct. 16, 1782; d. April 13,
1808; m. John Johnson. See First Branch.

2. Casper, M. D., b. June 10, 1784; d. August 3, 1857;
m., I St, Clarissa Golden; 2d, Mrs. Sarah (Maag) Hahn.
See Second Branch.

3. Nathan Armstrong, b. Feb. 17, 1786; d. Dec. 2,
1849; m. Sarah Linn. See Third Branch.

4. Peter Bernhardt, b. April 10, 1788; d. Feb. 8,
1861; m. Rebecca Hendric. See Fourth Branch.

5. EuPHEMiA Wright, b. Dec. 20, 1792; d. June 26,
1870; m. Henry Miller. See Fifth Branch.

6. Sarah, b. Feb. 9, 1795; d. May 2, 1868; m. Jacob
Randolph Castner. See Sixth Branch.

7. William Armstrong, b. July 18, 1797; d. Aug. 6,
1872; m. Fanny Stewart. See Seventh Branch.

8. Margaretta Roy, b. Aug. 13, 1799; d. May i,
1879, unmarried.

9. Elizabeth Hannah, b. Dec. 4, 1802; d. Feb. 3,
1833; m. Isaac Newton Candee. See Eighth Branch.

10. Robert Finley, b. November 5, 1805; d. Nov. 5,
1889; m., Nov. 28, 1854, Jane McNair, of Dansville, N.
Y., daughter of William D. and Anne (Wilkinson) Mc-
Nair. No children.

GENEALOGICAL RECORD.

155

FIRST BRANCH.

The Descendants of
JOHN and MARIA CATHARINE (SCHAEFFER) JOHNSON.

Maria Catharine Schaeffer m., April 28, 1804,
John Johnson, b. Sept. 5, 1764; d. Feb. 8, 1829; son of
Henry and Susanna (Hover) Johnson. Maria and John
are buried at Newton, N. J. Three children :

1. William Jefferson, M. D., b. March 13, 1805; d.
Sept. 22, i860; buried at Newton, N. J.

2. Whitfield Schaeffer, b. Nov. 14, 1806; d Dec
24, 1874; buried at Trenton, N. J.

3. Sarah Catharine, b. March 29, i8o8- d un-
married, Sept. 28, 1868; buried at Newton, N. J.' '

(John Johnson had six children by his first wife
Hannah Roy. See Group Two, Second Branch.)

S^}'- y^^^L"^^ Jefferson Johnson m. Eliza Durfee
who died Nov. 14, 1873. Res. at Washington, N T •
afterwards in New York City. Four ch. : i Martha'
d. unmarried. 2. Whitfield Schaeffer, Jr., married'
but had no children; d. in California, Oct. 22, 1873. 3
Amanda, d. unmarried. 4. Margaretta L., b. June 24
1840; m., April 27, 1865, Lucius Frank Reed, b. Sept'
24, 1826; son of Daniel and Cynthia (Warner) Reed
Res. in New York City. One ch., Ella Louise, b. May
2y, 1870.

(B). Whitfield Schaeffer Johnson^ m., Oct. 4,

'Whitfield Schaeffer Johnson was born at Newton, N T Nov
14, 1806 was admitted to the bar in 1828, and practiced i'aw at
Newton till 1861. Was Prosecutor of the Pleas for Sussex County
for nearly 20 years, and was an Elder in the Presbyterian Church
^ewton, 1855-63. In 1861 he was appointed Secretary of State of
iMew Jersey by Governor Olden, holding the office until 1866 On
receiving the appointment he removed to Trenton, where he resided
at the time of his death, Dec. 24, 1874.

156 GENEALOGICAL RECORD.

1837, Ellen Green, daughter of Enoch and Mary (Bidle-
man) Green, of Phillipsburg, N. J. Seven ch., all of
whom were born at Newton, N. J. i. Mary Mar-
GARETTA. 2. Emily Eliza, d. iQOi, Unmarried. 3.
Laura Catharine. 4. Elizabeth Bidleman. 5.
William Mindred,' b. Dec. 2, 1847; m., Oct. 22, 1872,
Maria E. White, daughter of William and Hannah
(Haines) White. Had 3 ch. — Walter Whitfield, b.
at Trenton, N. J., April 13, 1875; d. March 16, 1891,
at school, Lawrenceville, N. J. George White, b. July
26, 1877. William Kempton. b. February 25, 1883. 6.
Margaret Green, d. in 1897. 7. Ellen Green.

SECOND BRANCH.
CASPER SCHAEFFER and his vrife SARAH.

Rev. Casper Schaeffer, M. D., m., May 17, 18 10,
Clarissa Golden, d. Jan. 12, 1816. They had a son and
daughter, both of whom died in infancy. After the death
of Clarissa, he married, Jan. i. 1818, Mrs. Sarah (Maag)
Hahn, widow of William Hahn. Had 4 children :

1. Sarah Elizabeth.

2. Euphemia, b. Nov. 16, 1820; d. Jan. 24, 1895.

3. Amanda Margaretta.

4. Gilbert Livingston, d. at two years of age.

'William Mindred Johnson was born at Newton, N. J., Dec. 2,
1847. Graduated at Princeton 1867, was admitted to the bar in 1870.
Practiced at Trenton four years. Removed to Hackensack, N. J., in
1875, where he has continued to practice law. Was elected Senator
from Bergen County to N. J. Senate in 1895, was re-elected in 1898.
Was President of the Senate 1900, and acting Governor during
absence of Governor Voorhees in Europe in May and June. Was
appointed First Assistant Postmaster General by President McKinley
in Aug., 1900, and held that office till April, 1902, when he resigned.
Was delegate to Republican National Convention, 1888 and 1904, and
Chairman of Republican State Convention in 1900, also in 1904.

GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 157

(A). Sarah Elizabeth Schaeffer m., April, 1843,
Thomas Kimber, and had Sarah Schaeffer, b. July 7,
1848.

(B). Euphemia Schaeffer m., May, 1843, Reuben
Beitenman Miller, of Philadelphia. Had 9 ch. — i. Mary
Hahn, b. May 9, 1844; m. Edwin R. Prichard. Had 4
%ch. : Mary Gertrude, b. July 7, 1868; d. Feb. 27, 1870.
Reuben Miller, b. Nov. 18, 1871. Helen Elizabeth,
b. Aug. 4, 1878. Edwin Ruthven, b. Nov. 14, 1885. 2.
Sarah Gertrude, b. March 4, 1846. 3. Ellen
Augusta, b. Jan. 24, 1848; d. July, 1900; m. James G.
Finley. Had 4 ch. : Margaret Graham, b. Feb. 16,
1874; m. Rev. Theodore Wm. Kretschmann, and had
Phillip Miller, b. Oct. 13. 1897, and Herbert Finley,
b. Oct., 1903. Gertrude Susan, b. May 16, 1876; m.
Walter Hahn Jarden. Had 2 ch. : Ellen Margaretta,
b. June 12, 1901, and Robert Von Leer, b. Aug. 31,
1905. Nellie, b. June 3, 1881; d. Jan. 21, 1889.
James Herbert, b. Feb. 6, 1885. 4- Euphemia
Schaeffer, b. Sept. 15, 1850. 5. William Casper, b.
May 3, 1853; d. Aug. 7, 1888. 6. Ida Virginia, b. Sept.
18, 1855; d. Nov. II, 1891; m. Rev. Charles J. Kirzel,
and had Carl Henry, b. Jan. 4, 1880; m. Clara Koch;
Marion Virginia, b. Nov. 19, 1881; Graham Finley,
b. June 24, 1883, and Ralph Frederick, b. Nov. 29,
1884; d. July 25, 1885. 7. Emily Josephine, b. July
20, 1858; m. Henry C. Boenning, M. D., and had Wil-
liam Miller, b. Sept. 13, 1882; m. Grace Rorke; Henry
Dorr, b. Sept. 11, 1889, and Emily Meta, b. June 22,
1897. 8. E. Augustus, b. Dec. 11, i860; m. Mary Van
Reed, and had Paul Van Reed, b. Feb. 15, 1889; Mil-
dred, b. Jan. 5, 1 89 1, and Harold Schaeffer, b. Oct. 4,
1892. 9. Florence, b. Feb. 3, 1866; m. Rev. Charles J.
Kirzel, and had Augustus Miller, b. Nov. 20, 1894,
and Euphemia Schaeffer, b. June 14, 1902.

158 GENEALOGICAL RECORD.

THIRD BRANCH.

The Descendants of
NATHAN ARMSTRONG and SARAH (LINN) SHAFER.

Nathan Armstrong Shafer m., April 10, 1822,
Sarah Linn, b. March 7, 1796; d. June 19, 1876; daughter
of John and Martha (Hunt) Linn; grand-daughter of
Joseph and Martha (Kirkpatrick) Linn, and of Richard
and Mercy (Hull) Hunt. Had 7 children:

1. Mary Elizabeth, b. Jan. 21, 1823, living at Still-
water.

2. William, b. Oct. 31, 1824; d. April 13, 1840.

3. Abram, b. Dec. 14, 1826.

4. Joseph Linn, b. Aug. 12, 1828; d. in Flanders,
N.J.

5. LuciLLA Linn, b. Dec. 25, 1832.

6. Martha Louisa, b. Jan. 3, 1835; d. Aug. 23, 1871.

7. Emma, b. Jan. 8, 1831; d. May 16, 1833.

(A). Mary Elizabeth Schaeffer m., Nov. 14,
1844, Joseph Hurd Coursen, b. June 4, 182 1 ; son of Isaac
Vantile and Phebe (Hurd) Coursen. Res. at Stillwater,
N. J. Had 4 ch. — i. William Edwin. 2. Emma
Louisa. 3. Edgar Coursen. 4. Lucilla Linn.

(B). Abram Schaeffer m., Sept. 2^, 1857, Hannah
Emeline Casterline, b. March 25, 1833; d. Feb. 8, 1894;
daughter of Silas and Maria (Dildine) Casterline. Had
7 ch. — I. Mary Louisa, deceased. 2. William Edwin,
b. Oct. 25, 1861. 3. Horatio Linn, b. Dec. 4, 1862; d.
Oct. 15, 1880. 4. Fred Gustin, b. Dec. 4, 1862; lives in
St. Louis. 5. Sarah Linn, b. May 31, 1868; m. Frank
Clark, and had Arthur and Leslie. 6. Winsted
Casterline, b. Sept. 15, 1870. 7. Nellie Morris, b.
May 15, 1875. ^^s. at Sedgwick, Kan.

(C). Joseph Linn Shafer m. Elizabeth Ward. Had
2 ch. — ^i. Louise Linn. 2. Frank. Res. at Jersey City,
N.J.

GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 159

(D). LuciLLA Linn Shafer m., Sept. 28, 1858, at
Stillwater, N. J., David Hunt Morris, b. Oct. 16, 1833, at
Newton, N. J.; son of Jonathan Ford and Sarah Roy
(Hunt) Morris, grandson of Dr. David Hunt, great-
grandson of Lieut. Richard Hunt. Res. at Roseville, N.
J. Had 6 ch. — i. Nellie Louise, b. Sept. 7, 1859, at
Iowa City, Iowa; m., Sept. 7, 1881, Horace Poinier Cook,
b. April 18, 1859; son of Jabez and Harriet J. (Meyers)
Cook. They had Madge Estelle, b. Dec. 11, 1882;
Morris Poinier, b. Sept. 24, 1886; d. April 2, 1887;
Helen Marguerite, b. May 18. 1889; d. July 6, 1890.
Res. at Newark, N. J. 2. William Edward, b. Jan. 19,
1862, at Norwalk, Conn. 3. Mary Josephine, b. March
19, 1864. 4. Sarah Adelaide, b. March 24, 1866; d.
Oct. 24, 1876. 5. Carrie Linn, b. Nov. 8, 1868, at
Newark, N. J.: d. March 20, 1871. 6. Annie Lucilla,
b. May 2j, 1871; d. Nov. 13, 1876.

FOURTH BRANCH.

The Descendants of PETER BERNHARDT and
REBECCA (HENDRIC) SCHAEFFER.

Peter Bernhardt Schaeffer m., April 6, 183 1, Mrs.
Rebecca Howie Vail, b. May, 1793; d. July 29, i860;
daughter of Dr. Joseph J. Hendric. Three children :

1. Abram Edwin, b. Feb. 19, 1832; d. April 12, 1833.

2. Mary Adelaide, b. Oct. 5, 1833.

3. Alexander Castner, b. June 2, 1838; served in
Harris Light Cavalry, and was a prisoner at Libby.

(A). Mary Adelaide Schaeffer m., in 1852, Robert
Finley Denis, M. D., who died in 1874, and is buried at
Puerta Plata, Santo Domingo. Res. in Denver, Col.
Four ch. — I. WiLLARD Hendric, b. July 19, 1854. 2.
Herman L., b. Aug. 3, 1856; m. Helene E. Trask; had

l6o GENEALOGICAL RECORD.

I ch., Eleanor Adelaide. 3. Bertha, b. Jan. 17, 1863.

4. Adelaide, b. Aug. 15, 1865.

(B). Alexander Castner Shaffer m., in 1875,
Amelia Jane Terry, who d. in 1906, daughter of John K.
and Deziah Terry, of Elmira, N. Y'. One ch., Edward
Terry Hendric, b. June 20, 1880. Res. at Walterboro,

5. C

FIFTH BRANCH.

The Descendants of

HENRY and EUPHEMIA WRIGHT (SCHAEFFER)
MILLER.

Euphemia Wright Schaeffer m., Nov. 7, 1816,
(Major Henry Miller, son of Major David Miller, of
German Valley, N. J., and his wife, Mary Welsh. Four
children :

1. Sarah Elizabeth, b. March 2, 1818; d. June,

1834.

2. Margaretta Schaeffer, b. Jan. 20, 1820.

3. James Edwin, b. April 13, 1823; d. Oct 24, 1885.

4. Emma Louise, b. Jan. 14, 1826.

(A). Rev. James Edwin Miller m., Aug. 17, 1858,
Frances Gildersleeve Davis, b. Nov. 22, 1835; d. June,
1872; daughter of Charles Davis, M. D., b. Feb. 9, 1797,
and his wife, Matilda Gildersleeve, b. Dec. 26, 1812.
Had 2 ch. — I. Hugh Wilson, b. June 10, 1859; d. May
24, 1906. 2. Caroline Gildersleeve, b. April 25,
1863.

SIXTH BRANCH.

The Descendants of JACOB RANDOLPH and
SARAH (SCHAEFFER) CASTNER.

Sarah Schaeffer m., Feb. 2, 1814, Rev. Jacob Ran-

GENEALOGICAL RECORD.

i6i

dolph Castner, b. July 24, 1785, at Liberty Corner, N. J.;
d. March 19, 1848; son of Peter and Margaret (Comp-
ton) Castner; grandson of Jacob Castner. Res. near
Washington, N. J. Had 10 children :

1. Mary Welch.

2. Margaretta, b. July 24, 1819; d. Sept. 3, 1886.

3. Emma Louise, d. in childhood.

4. John Calvin Knox, b. June 12, 1822; d. March 8,
1895; buried at Greenwood Cemetery, Trenton, N. J.

5. Sarah E., deceased.

6. William P., d. in childhood.

7. Edmund Burke, b. Oct. 15, 1827.

8. Elizabeth Schaeffer.

9. Anna Matilda, deceased; m. Henry Bergen.

10. Amanda Euphemia.

(A). Mary Welch Castner m., July 28, 1844,
Lyndon Graves Lyman, deceased, son of Aaron and
Electa (Graves) Lyman. Two ch. — i. Emma Castner,
b. Dec. 8, 1845; m., Jan. 5, 1871, Peter Hoffman Cramer,
son of Matthias and Charlotte (Hoffman) Cramer. Res.
at Newark, N. J. One ch., Jessie Louise, b. Jan. 11,
1880. 2. Mary Castner, b. Oct. 5, 1847, at Washing-
ton, N. J.; m., Dec. 26, 1866, Joseph Heath Menagh, b.
March 21, 1846, at Schooleys Mountain, N. J.; son of
Hugh and Lavinia (Heath) Menagh. Hugh was born
March 22, 1822, at Beattystown, N. J. Lavinia was born
Nov. 13, 1824; d. April 2, 1847. Res. at Newark, N. J.
Four ch. : Lyndon Lyman, b. Aug. 25, 1868, at
Schooleys Mountain. Joseph, b. July 26, 1870; d. in
infancy. Jennie Lavinia, b. Sept. 24, 1871, at Cata-
sauqua. Pa. Mary Emma, b. Jan. 22, 1875, at Newark,
N. J.

(B). Margaretta Castner m., Aug. 2, 1852, Rev.
George K. Marriner, b. Nov. 9, 1821; d. Sept. 5, 1869;
son of Gilbert and Deborah (Maull) Marriner. of Lewes.

f "

1^2 GENEALOGICAL RECORD.

Del. George was pastor of Presbyterian Church at
Cochecton, N. Y., at Northport, N. Y., and at Warren,
Pa. He is buried in Mt. Peace Cemetery, Philadelphia^
Pa. ; Margaretta, in Evergreen Cemetery, Elizabeth, N. j'
Had I ch, Anna Castner, b. Aug. 23, 1853. Res. at
Trenton, N. J.

(C). John Calvin Knox Castner m., in 1854, Ellen
Lowery, daughter of Clark and Elizabeth (Craig)
Lowery. Res. at Trenton, N. J. Had 6 ch. — i. Mary
C, b. Aug. 24, 1855. 2. Theodore, b. Sept. 14, i860;
d. November 19, 1876. 3. Annie Robinson, b. Oct. 18,
1857; m., Nov. 24, 1880, Rudolph Frederick Kampen,
son of Henry Theodore and Caroline (Zurlinden) Kam-
pen, of Nettingen, Westphalia, Prussia. 4. Ulysses
Grant, b. Dec. 6, 1863. 5. Ida Berthoud, b. April 13,
1866. 6. Minna A., b. Jan. 19, 1872.

(D). Edmund Burke Castner m. Sarah Parker
Davis, b. Dec. 29, 1829, daughter of Conrad and Sarah
(Weller) Davis. Res. at Newark, N. J. Ten ch. — i.
Mary Louisa, b. Nov. 4, 1850; d. Jan. 15, 1881; m.
Thomas E. Doughty. 2. Jacob R., b. April 17, 1853; m.
Bella Kierstead. 3. Edmund Burke, Jr., b. Oct. 14,
1855; m. Minnie Schlegel. 4. Anna M., b. Oct. i,
1858; m. John H. Bird. 5. William Schaeffer, b.
March 9, i860. 6. Alexander Berthoud, b. Oct. 5,
1862. 7. Peter Sanford, b. Jan. 22, 1864. 8. Sarah
Elizabeth, b. Nov. 9, 1865; d. Dec. 20, 1866. 9. John
Davis, M. D., b. Nov. 13, 1868. 10. Lena May, b. July
16, 1871 ; m. John Donelly.

(E). Elizabeth Schaeffer Castner m., Sept. i,
1848, John Power Davis, b. March 29, 1819; son of
Conrad and Sarah (Weller) Davis, grandson of Conrad
and Rebecca (Johnson) Davis. Res. at East Orange, N.
J. Seven ch. — ^i. Sarah Castner, b. June 19, 1849, ^^
Port Golden, N. J. 2. Jacob Frederick, b. Dec. 22,
1852, at Newark, N. J. 3. Ella, b. in August, 1854;
married John B. Day; she died Oct. 29, 1906. 4.

GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 1 63

Edward, deceased. 5. Frank, deceased. 6. Anna
Castner, b. in August, 1857; m. Charles S. Menagh, b.
Oct. I, 1856; son of Hugh and Carohne (Sharp)
Menagh. 7. William Henry Kirk, M. D.

(F). Amanda Euphemia Castner m. Jacob Castner
Winter, M. D. One ch., Ida W. After the death of
Jacob, who died within six months after his marriage,
Amanda married Col. Alexander P. Berthoud, who died
at Newton, N. J., June, 1894.

Ida W. Winter m. Charles Killgore, b. Dec. 8, 1849;
son of Robert J. and Alice (Van Syckel) Killgore, grand-
son of Charles and Louisa (Ficklen) Killgore, and of
Aaron and Mary (Bird) Van Syckel. Res. in New York
City. Three ch., Robert Berthoud, b. Jan. 17, 1876,
in Utica, N. Y. ; Anderson Nelson, b. Oct. 3, 1880, in
Utica, N. Y, and Edward Winter, b. Aug. 24, 1892, at
Hotel Endicott, in New York City.

SEVENTH BRANCH.

The Descendants of ^HTILLIAM ARMSTRONG and
FANNY (STE'WART) SCHAEFFER.

William Armstrong Schaeffer m., Oct. 17, 1839,
Fanny Stewart, b. Oct. 17, 1805; d. Dec. 18, 1880;
daughter of John and Sarah (Bird) Stewart, and grand-
daughter of William Stewart. William is buried at
Yellow Frame; Fanny, at Fairmount Cemetery, Newark,
N. J. Two children :

1. Abram Edwin, b. Aug. 7, 1840.

2. John Stewart, b. June 17, 1843.
Both born at Stillwater, N. J.

(A). Abram Edwin Schaeffer m., Sept. 20, 1858,
Ann Elizabeth Johnson, b. Nov. 5, 1840; daughter of
William Schaeffer and Elizabeth (Drake) Johnson. Res.
at Newark, N. J. Four ch. — i. John Casper, b. Oct. 26,

164 GENEALOGICAL RECORD.

1859; m., Feb. 13, 1878, Anna Alston, b. May 19, 1858;
daughter of William Beach and Elizabeth (Arlington)
Alston. Res. at Brooklyn, N. Y. Had 3 ch., born at
Newark, N. J. : Harry Alston, b. July 11, 1879; Lettie
Walsh, b. Jan. 23, 1881, and Raymond, b. April 26,
1884. 2. Fanny Margaretta, b. March 27, 1861; d,
March 13, 1893; buried at Bethel, Conn.; m., Sept. 29,
1880, Frank G. Trowbridge, b. March 15, 1856; son of
George S. Trowbridge, of Bethel, Conn., and his wife,
Elizabeth Kealer, of Ridgefield, Conn. Had i ch.,
Florence Amelia, b. at Newark, N. J. 3. Howard
William, b. March 14, 1864; m., Aug. 15, 1887, Nettie
Wright, b. Sept. 15, 1867; daughter of Ephraim and
Margaret (Snell) Wright. Res. at Newark, N. J. 4-
Lizzie May, b. May i, 1869.

(B). John Stewart Schaeffer m. Georgia Emma
Walsh, b. May 6, 1846; daughter of Josiah and Elizabeth
Frances (Bates) Walsh. One ch.. Bertha, b. Nov. 5,
1 87 1, who m. James Bruce Hay. and has a daughter,
Gertrude Eugene, b. Jan. 11, 1894.

EIGHTH BRANCH.

The Descendants of ISAAC NE"WTON
and ELIZABETH HANNAH (SCHAEFFER) CANDEE.

Elizabeth Hannah Schaeffer m., Jan. i, 1829,
Rev. Isaac Newton Candee, D. D., b. Oct. 30, 1801; d.
at Peoria, 111., June 20. 1874; buried in Hope Cemetery,
Galesburg, 111.; son of Nehemiah and Content (Wood-
ruff) Candee. One child :

Sarah Schaeffer, b. Oct. 16, 1830, at Belvidere, N.
J.; m., Nov. 27, 1856, at La Fayette, Ind., Newton
Burder Love, b. March 13, 1827, at Steelville, Chester
County, Pa.; d. May 7, 1888, at Peoria, 111.; buried in the
Candee lot at Galesburg, 111. ; son of John Adam and Abi

GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 165

Jane (Andrews) Love, of Chester County, Pa. Three
ch. — I. Ida Candee, b. Nov. lo, 1858, at Galesburg, 111.
2. Anna Louisa, b. May 27, 1861, at Plymouth, 111.; m.,
Jan. 14, 1886, Thomas Dick Archer, who died Feb.
19, 1891. Had I ch., Jessie Candee, b. Oct. 15, 1887,
at Huron, Dakota. 3. Newton Meredith, b. Sept. 21,
1869, at Peoria, 111. Res. at Peoria, 111.

GROUP FOUR.

The Descendants of
CASPER SCHAEFFER BY HIS SON ISAAC.

Major Isaac Shafer, b. June 4, 1760; d. March 27,
1800; m., March 13, 1786, Martha Linn, daughter of
Joseph and Elizabeth (Kirkpatrick) Linn. He is buried
at the Yellow Frame. They had 4 children :

1. Rev. Joseph Linn, D. D., b. May 12, 1787; d.
'Nov. 12, 1853. He was pastor of the Presbyterian
Church at Newton, N. J., for thirty-eight years, 1812-35,
1838-53. He married Diana Forman. See First Branch.

2. Archibald Stinson, b. March i, 1789; died when
a young man.

3. Margaret R., d. April 19, 1830; m. Ross Crane,
who d. Aug. 20, 1857. See Second Branch.

4. Peter B., Jr., b. 1795; d. April 13, 1868; m.,
March 16, 1820, Amelia L. Fairchild. See Third Branch.

FIRST BRANCH.

Descendants of MAJOR ISAAC SHAFER
by his son REY. JOSEPH LINN SHAFER

Rev. Joseph Linn Shafer, D. D., m. Diana Forman.
They had 6 children :

1. Thomas Henderson, d. Aug. 8, 1898.

2. Amelia Matilda, d. Jan. 20, 1900.

3. Jonathan Forman, b. 181 5; d. March 15, 1871.

4. Stockton Halstead, b. Sept. 30, 1825; d. Jan. 10,
1877.

GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 1 67

5. Catharine Rose. d. Dec. 22, 1907.

6. Alexander, d. Aug-. 8, 1892.

The four last-named were unmarried.

(A). Thomas Henderson Shafer m. Caroline F.
Webb, and had 2 ch. — ^i. Julia M. 2. Emma L. Both
unmarried.

(B). Amelia Matilda Shafer m. John Walton, and
had I child, William, d. July 30, 1900; m. Gertrude
Babbitt, and had Alice.

SECOND BRANCH.

Descendants of MAJOR ISAAC SHAFER by his daughter
MARGARET R., the wife of Ross Crane.

Margaret R. Shafer m. Ross Crane. They had 7
children :

1. Sarah.

2. Isaac Watson, b. Nov. 25, 1818; d. May 8, 1896.

3. Mary Ann, d. Sept. 10, 1828.

4. David Edgar, b. Sept. i, 1823; d. June 23, 1862.

5. Elizabeth, b. 1827; d. 1892.

6. Theodore, M. D., b. Dec. 5, 1829; d. 1890.

7. John.

(A). Sarah Crane m. Lewis Beach, and had 4 ch. —
I. Emma, who m. George Marvin, and had 2 ch. : Louis

m. — , and Louise m. Dusenberry. 2.

Theodore, who m. Copeland, and had Jennie,

who m. . 3. Josephine m. Thompson.

4. William m. .

(B). Isaac Watson Crane m. Sophia B. Sharpe, and

1 68 GENEALOGICAL RECORD.

had 4 ch.— I. Mary K, d. Dec. 28, 1844. 2. Margaret
Ellen, d. 1881; m. W. G. Sutphin, and had W. G.
SuTPHiN, Jr., who died in infancy. 3. John T. Crane,
m. EHzabeth Little, and had 2 ch., Nellie, who m. W. J.
Alford and had W. J. Alford, Jr., Nellie Crane,
Herbert Watson and Edward Little, deceased; and
Jennie, who m. Charles W. Morrison, and had Theo-
dore Crane. 4. Theodore Crane, Jr., m. Marietta
White, and had Mary Eleanor, Genevieve Sharp and
Francis White Martin.

(C). David Edgar Crane m. Elizabeth K. Sharp, and
had 4 ch. — I. Laura, m. Jacob C. Bell. 2. Elizabeth,
m. Jacob W. Davis, and had 6 ch., Cora (who m. Wil-
liam H. Rice and had Kenneth, Harold De Witte,
Ellsworth, who died in infancy, and Nancy Eliza-
beth), Ella (who m. Edgar Park and had Leonard and
Ralph), Mary Raymond, William H. and Clarence.
3. Ross, m. Melissa Martin, and had David Edgar and
Theodore. 4. Georgianna, m. Isaac Searles, and had
Frederick, who m. Lillie Kishbaiigh, and Elizabeth,
who m. Floyd Gruendyke, and had Ruth Crane.

(D). Elizabeth Crane m. Joseph H. Marsh, b.
1819; d. 1852, and had 2 ch. — i. Mary H., b. 1847; d.
1872. 2. Margaret Crane, unmarried.

(E). Dr. Theodore Crane m. Emma E. Shotwell, b.
1834; d. 1884, and had 9 ch. — i. Louisa, m. A. O. S.
Havens, and had children. 2. Gertrude. 3. Willard
P., b. 1861; d. 1862. 4. Arthur M. 5. Margaret S.,
m.' y. F. Lambias. 6. Myra. 7. Herbert T., b. 1873;
d. Oct. 28, 1876. 8. Eliot Earl, b. 1875; d. 1904. 9.
Mabel E., b. 1877; d. 1903.

(F). Dr. John Crane m. Charlotte Ely. He died of
yellow fever, at New Utrecht, L. L They had 3 ch. — i.

Clifford, m. , and had Frederick Clifford and

(daughter). 2. Charlotte Elizabeth, m.

George Snell; no children. 3. Frederick.

GENEALOGICAL RECORD. 1 69

THIRD BRANCH.

The Descendants of MAJOR ISAAC SHAFER by his son
PETER B. SHAFER, Jr.

Peter B. Shafer, Jr., m., March i6, 1820, Amelia L.
Fairchild. He was Colonel of Warren County Militia,
and an Elder in the Presbyterian Church at Hacketts-
town, N. J. Had 7 children :

1. Archibald Stinson, b. Dec. 15, 1820.

2. Eliza Beach, b. Dec. 14, 1822.

3. Martha Linn, b. Feb. 4, 1825; d. March 24, 1876.

4. Abraham Fairchild, b. April 26, 1829; d. in
infancy.

5. Isaac, b. April 26, 1829; d. in infancy.

6. Joseph Henry, b. April 13, 1831.

7. Edgar Ross, b. Dec. 18, 1833; m. Versilla .

No issue.

(A). Archibald Stinson Shafer m., Aug, 6, 18 — ,
Mary O. Sayre. They had 3 ch. — i. Mary A., b. Oct. 6,
1845; m., Nov. 14, 1866, Dr. Parker McL. Burbank, and
had 3 ch. : Emily Mary, b. May 3, 1868; Parker S., b.
Nov. 14, 1869, and Frederick McLellen, b. Nov. 6,
1872, who m. Ellen Cary, d. Feb., 1903. 2. Casper B.,
b. July 9, 1848; m., June 26, 1872, Maggie Rea, and had
4 ch. : Mary, who m., June, 1904, Donald MacMillan;
Margaret, who m., April, 1904, Dr. George Marshall;
Casper, who d. May, 1888, and Rea. 3. Archibald S.,
b. Sept. 29. 1855; m. Edith Richards, and had Archi-
bald, b. Dec, 1884.

(B). Eliza Beach Shafer m. John W. McNair, and
had 3 ch. — I. Amelia Anne, b. Feb. 26, 1862, who m.
Evan R. Evans, and had Winifred Marguerite, b.
April, 1887; John McNair, Paul Demttnd, Mary
Louise Jennette, and Anne. b. 1902. 2. Jennie S.,

I70 GENEALOGICAL RECORD.

b. Sept. 26, 1864. 3. Martha Louisa, b. Nov. 29,
1866; m. Fred A. McFarland, and had Arthur.

(C). Joseph Henry Shafer m., Oct. 23, 1861, Julia
R. Ely, who d. Oct., 1876. They had 5 ch. — ^i. Emma
Louise, b. May 8, 1864; d. April 23, 1893; m., Sept. 22,

1892, Rev. J. Garland Hamner. 2. Harry Wallace,
b. July 6, 1867; d. July 2, 1886. 3. Frederick Clif-
ford, b. 1869; d. in infancy. 4. Wilmot Ely, b. July
23, 1871; m., July 16, 1906, Miss Wilson, daughter of
P. P. Wilson, of Pomona, Cal. 5. Jennette Remsen,
b. May 27, 1874.

After the death of Julia R., Joseph Henry Shafer
m., Jan. 3, 1883, Julia Annabel Budd, who d. Oct. 5,

1893. They had 2 ch. — i. Julia Budd, b. Sept. 11, 1884.
2. Arthur Malcolm, b. Oct. 13, 1889; d. Feb. 11, 1896.
On Jan. 19, 1897, Joseph Henry Shafer m. Adelaide
Margaret Smillie, as his third wife.

GENEALOGICAL INDEX

Alford, Edward Little, 168.

Herbert Watson. 168.

Nellie Crane. 168.

W. J.. 168.

W. J.. Jr., 168.
Alston, Anna, 164.

Elizabeth (Arlington), 164.

William Beach, 164.
Anness, Edna, 147.

Edward S., 147.

Hannah. 147.

Lydia J., 147.

Samuel, 147.
Archer. Jessie Candee, 165.

Thomas Dick, 165.
Armstrong, Elizabeth (Swayze),
137.

John. 140.

John, Jr.. 137, 140.

Lydia. 137.

Margaret Sarah, 140.

Mary, 145, 146.

Nathan, 137, 140, 145, 154, 158.

Sarah (Stinson), 140.

Uphamy (Wright), 137, 140,
154.

William, 136, 137, 145.
Ayres, Elizabeth, 139.

Jacob Cummings, 139.

Sarah M. (Read), 139.

Babbitt, Gertrude, 167.
Backer, Benjamin, 147.

Clara, 147.

Daniel F., 147.

Frank, 147.

Henrietta, 147.
Beach. Ann Margaret Savercool,
142.

Anna J., 149.

Caroline B., 149.

Etnma, 167.

Frank J.. 149.

Henry C, 149.

Henry N.. 149.

Jennie, 167.

Josephine, 167.

Lewis, 167.

Theodore, 167.

William, 167.
Beaver, Sarah, 137.
Bell, Jacob C, 168.
Bentley, Catherine Cochran
(Sayre), 138.

George Vaughn, 138.

Katharine Hand, 138.
Bernhardt. Johan Peter, 135.

Maria Catrina, 135, 154.
Berrien, Eliza, 148.
Berthoud, Alexander P., 163.

Bird, John H., 162.

Blair, Hetty Maria (Brown), 138.

Mary Elizabeth, 138.

Milton Locke, 138.
Boenning, Emily Meta, 157.

Henry C, M. D., 157.

Henry Dorr, 157.

William Miller, 157.
Bowman, Albert, 147.

Anna Bell, 147.

Charles Arthur, 147.

Emma Leonora, 147.

Eva, 147.

Henrietta, 147.

Martha Horton (Stout), 147.

Richard T., 147.

Thomas, 147.
Broadlev, E>mma, 141.
Brown, Ellen E., 151.
Budd, Julia Annabel, 170.
Bunn, Edward L.. 151.
Bunting. Anna, 144.

Emma, 144.

Gershom Coursen, 144.

John, 144.
Burbank. Emily Mary, 169.

Frederick McClellan, 169.

Dr. Parker McLellan, 169.

Parker S., 169.
Burr. Anna M., 138.

Henry, 138.

Nancy (Shafer), 138.

Candee, Content (Woodruff), 164.

Elizabeth Hannah (Schaef-
fer), 164.

Rev. Isaac Newton, D. D.,
154, 164.

Nehemiah. 164.
Cary, Ellen, 169.
Casterline, Hannah Emeline, 158.

Maria (Dildine), 158.

Silas. 158.
Castner, Alexander Berthoud, 162.

Amanda Euphemia, 161, 163.

Anna Matilda, 161.

Anna M., 162.

Annie Robinson. 162.

Edmund Burke, 161, 162.

Edmund Burke, Jr., 162.

Elizabeth Schaeffer. 161, 162.

Emma Louise, 161.

Ida Berthoud, 162.

Jacob, 161.

Jacob Randolph, Rev., 154,
160.

Jacob R., 162.

John Calvin Knox, 161, 162.

John Davis. M. D., 162.

Lena May, 162.

174

GENEALOGICAL INDEX.

Margaretta, 161, 162.

Margfaret (Compton), 161.

Mary C, 162.

Mary Louisa, 162.

Mary Welch, 161.

Minna A., 162.

Peter, 161.

Peter Sanford, 162.

Sarah E., 161.

Sarah Elizabeth, 162.

Sarah (Schaeffer), 160.

Theodore, 162.

Ulysses Grant, 162.

William P., 161.

William Schaeffer, 162.
Clark, Arthur, 158.

Benjamin Green, 143.

Edith Shafer, 143.

Ella Mabel, 143.

Frank, 158.

Jasper Scudder, 143.

Jennie, 143.

Leslie, 158.

Mary Louise, 143.
Cole, Catharine, 141.
Comes, Harriet A., 143.
Condit, Ann Maria, 143.

Anna Melita, 143.

David Harold, 143.

Edwin Hiram, 143.

Elbert Caryl, 143.

Elbert Clark, 143.

Rev. Elbert Nevius, 143.

Elizabeth Wilson, 143.

George Hiram, 143.

Rev. Isaac Hiram, 143.

James WTiyte, 143.

Paul Grandin, 143.

Sarah Linn, 143.

Rev. Thaniel Beers, 143.
Cook, Harriet J. (Myers), 159.

Helen Marguerite, 159.

Horace Poinier, 159.

Jabez, 159.

Madge Estelle, 159.

Morris Poinier, 159.
Cooper, Benjamin, 140.

Elizabeth, 140.

Letitia (Culpepper), 140.

Copeland, — , 167.

Coursen, A. Hampton, 138.

Almeda. 138.

Edgar, 158.

Emma Louisa, 158.

Enos, 138.

Ephraim Green, 138.

George M., 138.

Isaac Vantile, 158.

Jessie Stillwell, 138.

Joseph Hurd, 158.

Lucilla Linn, 158.

Mary (Green), 138.

Mary Burr, 138.

Phebe (Hurd), 158.

William Edwin, 158.
Cox, Margaret, 139.
Cramer, Charlotte (Hoffman), 161.

Jessie Louise, 161.

Matthias, 161.

Peter Hoffman. 161.
Crane, Arthur M., 168.

Charlotte Elizabeth, 168.

Clifford, 168.

David Edgar, 167, 168.

Delinda H., 149.

Rev. Elias Nettleton, 149.

Rev. Elias W., 148, 149.

Eliot Earl, 168.

Elizabeth, 167, 168.

Elizabeth Woodruff, 149.

Pi-ancis White Martin, 168.

Frederick, 168.

Frederick Clifford, 168.

Genevieve Sharp, 168.

Georgianna, 168.

Gertrude, 168.

Hannah Roy, 148.

Herbert T., 168.

Isaac Watson, 167.

Jennie, 168.

Dr. John, 167, 168.

John T., 168.

Laura, 168.

Louisa, 168.

Mabel E., 168.

Margaret Ellen, 168.

Margaret S., 168.

Martha W., 149.

Mary Ann, 167.

Mary Eleanor, 168.

Mary E., 168.

Myra, 168.

Nellie. 168.

Ross, 166. 167, 168.

Sarah, 167.

Theodore, 168.

Theodore, M. D., 167, 168.

Theodore, Jr.. 168.

Willard P., 168.

Davis, Anna Castner, 163.

Charles, M. D., 160.

Clarence, 168.

Cora, 168.

Conrad, 162.

Edward, 163.

Ella, 162, 168.

Prances Gildersleeve, 160.

Prank. 163.

Jacob Frederick, 162.

Jacob W., 168.

John Power. 162.

Mary Raymond, 168.

Rebecca (Johnson), 162.

Sarah Castner, 162.

Sarah Parker, 162.

Sarah (Weller), 162.

William H., 168.

William Henry Kirk, M. D.
163.
Day, John B., 162.
Deazley, Augustus, 152.

David Nesbit, 152.

James, 152.

James A., 152.

Louise Shafer, 152.

Maria Adeline, 152.

Mary E., 152.

GENEALOGICAL INDEX.

175

Sarah E., 152.

Sarah Margaretta, 152.
DeGroot. Elias B.. 147.

Ida Maud, 147.

Joseph Freeman, 147.
Denis, Adelaide, 160.

Bertha, 160.

Eleanor Adelaide, 160.

Herman L., 159.

Robert Pinley, M. D., 159.

Williard Hendric, 159.
De Noyles, Mattie, 147.
Dobbins, Carlton, 147.

Carlton Anness, 147.

Catharine B. (Milburn), 147.

John H., 147.
Donelly, John, 162.
Doren, Kate, 152.
Doughty, Thomas E., 162.
Drake, Nancy, 145, 153.
Dunlop, Anna Grace, 147.

Francis, 147.

Freddie, 147.

James, 147.

Margaret Agnes, 147.

Sarah Isabella, 147.

Thomas Harry, 147.
Durfee, Elizabeth, 155.
Dusenberry, , 167.

EJdwards, Rev. James Cook, 146,
149.

James William, 149.

John W. 149.
Ellermeyer, Charles A., 140.

Mary Louisa, 140.
Ely, Charlotte, 168.

Julia R., 170.
Endean, James, 146.

Mary A., 146.

Mary (Matthews), 146,
Evans, Anne. 169.

Evan R., 169.

John McNair, 169.

Marv Louise Jennette, 169.

Paul DeMund, 169.

Winifred Marguerite, 169.

Fairchild, Amelia L., 166, 169.
Fear, Florence, 147.

George, 147.

Norman, 147.

Roy. 147.
Finley, Gertrude Susan, 157.

James G., 157.

James Herbert, 157.

Margaret Graham, 157.

Nellie, 157.
Fisher, Herbert G.. 141.
Forman. Diana, 166.
Freeman. Catharine C, 148.

John Ross, 148.

Gildersleeve, Matilda, 160.
Golden, Clarissa. 152, 156.
Gordon, Susie Letitia, 141.
Grant, Hannah, 138.
Green, Ellen, 156.
Enoch, 156.

Mary (Bidleman), 166.
Greenmyer, Kate, 153.
Gruendyke, Floyd, 168.

Ruth Crane, 168.
Gunn, John A., 149.

Margaretta S., 149.
Gustin, Bernard Owen, 152.

David, 145, 151, 152.

George Woodruff, 152.

Helen, 152.

John Roy, 151.

Samuel Insley, 152.

Sarah Roy, 152.

Sophie E., 152.

Susan Margaret, 151.

Hahn, Sarah (Maag), 154, 156.

William, 156.
Haines, George J., 152.

Sarah Adeline, 152.

William, 152.
Halsey, Schuyler, 150.
Hamner, Rev. J. Garland, 170.
Hankinson, Elijah, 139.

Mary C. (Schooley), 139.

Olive. 139.
Hardin, Euphemia Caroline, 139.

George, 139.

John, 139.
Harris, Elizabeth (Hoagland), 139.

George Hoagland, 139.

Isaac, 139.

Jennie. 142.
Hart, Azariah D., 139.

Ethel M., 139.

Henry, 139.

Nathan Henry, 139.
Havens, A. O. S., 168.
Hay, Gertrude Eugene, 164.

James Bruce, 164.
Hays, Samuel, 150.
Hazard, Lucretia S., 149.
Hazen, Aaron, 138.

Caroline, 138.

Catharine Raub, 141.

Edward, 138.

Elizabeth (Vought), 138.

Emma Gertrude. 139.

Gertrude (Kerr), 138.

Harriet J., 139.

Lvdia Ann. 139.

Nathan, 138.

Nathan Kerr. 138.

Sarah Elizabeth, 138.
Hendric, Rebecca, 154.

Dr. Joseph J., 159.
Hollowav, Amelia, 143.
Hooker, Orpha Loretta, 142.
Hopkins, Alonzo, 148.

Alphonso, 148.

Anna, 14S.

Araminta, 148.

Elizabeth, 148.

Dr. George, 148.

George, 148.

George G.. 148.

"Gen.," 148.

Grace, 148.

Minnie, 148.

176

GENEALOGICAL INDEX.

Samuel Johnson, 148.

William, 148.
Hopping, Eveline, 153.
Huff. Barnett S.. 139.

Clarence Read, 139.

Hannah (Divers), 139.

Nellie Thompson, 139.

Ralph Dildine, 139.
Hulbert, Anna Olivia, 146.

Hannah B. (Sargeant), 146.

Joseph, 146.
Hunt, Dr. David, 145, 150, 159.

Elizabeth, 150.

Hannah Margaretta, 150.

Mercy (Hull), 150, 158.

Richard, 158.

Lieut. Richard, 150, 159.

Sarah, 150.

Jacoby, Catharine, 142.
Jarden, Ellen Margaretta, 157.

Robert Von Leer. 157.

Walter Hahn, 157.
Johnson, Amanda. 155.

Ann Elizabeth, 163.

Deborah (Willson), 139.

Elizabeth Bidleman, 156.

Elizabeth (Drake), 163.

Eliza Matilda, 148.

Ellen Green, 156.

Emily Eliza, 156.

George White, 156.

Hannah Margaretta, 148, 149.

Hannah (Roy). 148.

Harriet Roy, 148, 149.

Henry. 155.

John, 145, 148, 154. 155.

Laura Catharine, 156.

Luther, 151.

Lydia A., 139.

Margaret Green, 156.

Margaretta L., 155.

Maria Catharine 'Schaeffer),
155.

Martha, 155.

Mary Margaretta, 156.

Mary (Folly). 148.

Sarah Amanda, 148.

Sarah Catharine, 155.

Susanna (Hover), 155.

Susan Maria, 148.

Theodore F., 139.

Walter Whitfield, 156.

Whitfield Schaeffer, 155.

Whitfield Schaeffer, Jr., 155.

William Jefferson, M. D., 155.

William Kempton, 156.

William Mindred, 156.

William Schaeffer, 163.

Kampen, Caroline (Zurlinden) 162.

Henry Theodore, 162.

Rudolph Frederick, 162.
Kealer, Elizabeth, 164.
Kennedy, Edgar V., 138.

Dr. Samuel, 136.

Sarah, 136.

Shafer, 136.

Thomas Jefferson, 136.

Kerr, Carrie Malvina, 139.

Euphemia Gertrude, 139.

Flavel McGee, 139.

Floyd, 139.

Frank Leslie, 139.

George Harris. 139.

Ira, 138.

Ira Clinton, 139.

Isaac Calvin, 139.

Isaac Read, 138.

John Wesley, 139.

Lucy, 139.

Lydia Jane, 139.

Nathan Hampton, 139.

Phebe (Read), 138.

William Hampton, 138.

William Stitt, 139.
Kierstead, Bella, 162.
Killgore, Alice (Van Syckel), 163,

Anderson Nelson, 163.

Charles, 163.

Edward Winter, 163.

Louisa (Ficklen), 163.

Robert Berthoud, 163.

Robert J., 163.
Kimber, Sarah Schaeffer, 157.

Thomas, 157.
Kirzel, Augustus Miller, 157.

Carl Henry, 157.

Rev. Charles J., 157.

Euphemia Schaeffer, 157.

Graham Finley, 157.

Marion Virginia. 157.

Ralph Frederick, 157.
Kishbaugh, Lillie, 168.
Koch, Clara, 157.
Kretschmann, Herbert Finley, 157.

Phillip Miller, 157.

Rev. Theodore Wm., 157.
Lambias, J. F., 168.
Larey, Hannah, 147.
Linn, Elizabeth ( Kirkpatrlck) ,
166.

John, 158.

Joseph, 158. 166:

Martha, 166.

Martha (Hunt), 158.

Martha (Kirkpatrick). 158.

Sarah. 145, 153. 154, 158.
Little, Elizabeth. 168.
Logan, George H.. 152.

Georgia Insley. 152.

Louise Adeline, 152.
Losey, Christopher, 152.

Ebenezer, 151.

Ebenezer L., 151.

Edgar, 152.

Edgar D.. 152.

Eleazer. 151.

Eliza, 151.

Elizabeth, 152.

Flossie. 151.

Gustin. 151.

Harriet H.. 151.

Hattie. 151. 152.

Jacob, 151.

John, 151. 152.

John H., 151.

John Jacob, 151.

GENEALOGICAL INDEX.

177

Joseph Insley, 151.

Kate, 152.

Lizzie, 151.

Louise S.. 151.

Maggie, 152.

Nellie, 151. 152.

Nelson Ames, 151.

Rose, 151.

Samuel G., 152.

Sarah, 151.

Susan E., 161.

Susan H., 152.

Thomas H., 151.
L/Ove, Abi Jane (Andrews), 164.

Anna Louisa, 165.

Ida Candee, 165.

John Adam, 164.

Newton Burder, 164.

Newton Meredith, 165.
Lowery, Elizabeth (.Craig), 162.

Ellen, 162.

Clark, 162.
Lyman, Aaron, 161.

Electa (Graves), 161.

Emma Castner, 161.

Lyndon Graves, 161.

Mary Castner, 161.
Lyon, Jemima, 150.

MacMillan, Casper, 169.

Donald. 169.

Margaret, 169.

Rea, 169.
Madoc, Maurice Peris, Ap. M. D.

142.
Marcellis, Ellen, 151.
Marriner, Anna Castner, 162.

Deborah (Maull), 161.

Rev. George K., 161.

Gilbert, 161.
Marsh, Joseph H., 168.

Margaret Crane, 168.

Mary H., 168.
Marshall, Dr. George, 169.
Martin, Melissa. 168.
Marvin, George, 167.

Louise, 167.
McCarter, George Stuart, 153.

Louise S., 153.
McCord. Cornelia Townley, 140.

Curtis Hulce, 140.

Hampton Ireneus, 140.

John, 140.

Joseph W., 140.

Margaret Cornelia, 140.

Marshall Armstrong, 140.

Mary (Todd), 140.

William Ellermeyer, 140.
McFarland. Arthur, 170.

Fred A., 170.
McGahan, Mary (Neely), 140.

Sarah A., 140.

William, 140.
McNair, Amelia Anne, 169.

Anne (Wilkinson), 154.

Jane, 154.

Jennie S., 169.

John W., 169.

Martha Louisa, 170.

157.

William D., 154.
Menagh, Caroline (Sharp), 163.

Charles S., 163.

Hugh, 161, 163.

Jennie Lavinia, 161.

Joseph, 161.

Joseph Heath, 161,

Lavinia (Heath), 161.

Lyndon Lyman, 161.

Mary Emma, 161.
Miller, Almira. 142.

Caroline Gildersleeve, 160.

David, 160.

E. Augustus, 157.

Ellen Augusta, 157.

Emma Louise, 160.

Emily Josephine, 157.

Euphemia Schaeffer, 157.

Euphemia Wright (Schaeffer),
160.

Florence, 157.

Harold Schaeffer, 157.

Henry, 154, 160.

Hugh Wilson, 160.

Ida Virginia, 157.

Rev. James Edwin, 160.

"Judge," 142.

Margaretta Schaeffer, 160.

Mary Hahn, 157.

Mildred, 157.

Paul Van Reed, 157.

Reuben Beitenmann,

Sarah Elizabeth, 160.

Sarah Gertrude, 157.

William Casper, 157.
Mosson, Sarah Jane, 139.
Morris, Annie Lucilla, 159.

Carrie Linn, 159.

David Aubrey, 143.

David Hunt, 150, 159.

Edward Hunt, 142.

Emma Cordelia, 150.

Emma Roy, 142.

Eva Byington, 142.

Hannah Margaretta,

Jonathan Edwards, 142, 150.

Rev. Jonathan Ford, 150, 159.

Joseph Euen, 150.

Laura Adelaide, 150.

Laura May, 142.

Margaretta Louise, 142.

Mary Josephine. 159.

Mary Louisa. 150.

Nellie Louise, 159.

Sarah Adelaide, 159.

Sarah Elizabeth, 150.

Sarah Roy (Hunt), 159.

Sue Ford,' 142.

William Edward, 159.

William Melville, 150.
Morrison, Charles W., 168.

Theodore Crane. 168.

Noyes, Charles Somerby, 141.

Owen, Lucy Northrup, 151.

Park, Edgar, 168.
Leonaxd, 168.

150.

I '2

178

GENEALOGICAL INDEX.

Ralph, 168.
Parson, Ethel, 147.

Gates B., 147.

Henry, 147.
Pellet, Fred M.. 152.

Maude L., 152.

Obife A., 152.
Pendreigh, Frank M., 141.
Perron, Edward, 144.
Post, Maggie, 150.
Prichard, Edwin R., 157.

Edwin Ruthven, 157.

Helen Elizabeth, 157.

Mary Gertrude, 157.

Reuben Miller, 157.
Primrose, George, 139.

Samuel H., 139.

Sarah. 145, 150.

Tabithy (Hunt), 139.
Pruden, Annie, 142.

Mary Elizabeth, 149.

Rea, Maggie, 169.

Redding, William Chambliss, 1B2.

William Chambliss, Jr.. 152.
Reed, Cynthia (Warner), 155.

Daniel, 154.

Ella Louise, 155.

Lucius Frank, 155.

Mary Van, 157.
Rice, Ellsworth, 168.

Harold DeWitte. 168.

Kenneth, 168.

Nancy Elizabeth, 168.

William H.. 168.
Richards, Edith, 169.
Rorke, Grace, 157.
Ross, Henry Crane, 149.

Jeremiah, 149.

Martha J., 152.
Roy. Alfred, 153.

Anna Mary, 147.

Arthur Prescott, 151.

Austin Owen, 151.

Bernhardt Shafer, 145, 150.

Celia, 147.

Clara, 147.

Charles Henry, 146.

Charles Morris, 151.

Charlotte Louisa, 151.

David, 153.

Edna, 147.

Elias Casper, 147.

Elias Crane, 146, 148.

Elmer, 147.

Elizabeth, 145, 151, 152.

Elizabeth Susan, 146.

Frank, 147.

Frederick Louis, 151.

George P., 147.

George Primrose, 151.

Hannah, 145. 148, 155.

Hannah Johnson. 146, 147.

Henrietta, 147.

James R., 153.

Joanna Freeman, 148.

John, 145, 153.

John Casper, 145. 146, 148.

John Jacob. 146.

John, Sr., 145.
Joseph Insley, 145. 153.
Joseph John, 146.
Joseph Morris. 151.
Joseph Northrup, 151.
Kate F., 147.
"Little Stranger," 151.
Louisa C, 151.
Lydia Armstrong. 146.
Mabel Pauline, 147.
Margaret, 145, 151.
Margaret (Insley). 145.
Mary (Armstrong), 146.
Mary, 145, 146.
Mary Euphemia, 146.
Mima May, 147.
Nathan. 153.
Rachel Emma, 147.
Raymond Hulbert, 146.
Robert Lester Smith, 151.
Samuel Headley, 146.
Sarah, 145. 150.
Sarah Isabella, 147.
Sarah Morris, 146.
Seymour, 146.
Susan, 146.
William, 146.
William Clinton, 146.
Ryerson, Seely, 152.

Sanderson, Marguerite, 152.

Sayre, Mary O., 169.

Schaeffer, Shaffer, Shafer, Shaver.

Aaron Whitfield, 141.

Abraham, 135, 154.

Abraham, Jr., 137.

Abraham Barnet, 141, 142.

Abram, 158.

Abram Edwin, 138, 159, 163.

Abraham Fairchild, 169.

Alexander, 137, 167.

Alexander castner, 159, 160.

Amanda Margaretta, 156.

Amelia Matilda, 166, 167.

Anna, 136.

Ann Kennedy. 141.

Archibald, 169.

Archibald S., 169.

Rev. Archibald Stinson, 141,
142.

Archibald Stinson, 166, 169.

Arthur Malcolm, 170.

Benjamin Johnson Lowe, 141,
142.

Bentley Sayre, 138.

Bertha, 164.

Blanche Murray, 142.

Casper, 135, 136, 137, 138, 145,
154, 166.

Casper, M. D., 154, 156.

Casper B., 169.

Catharine, 136.

Catharine Elizabeth, 141.

Catharine Rose, 167.

Cora Isabel, 143.

David Lee, 143.

Delilah, 141.

Edgar Ross, 169.

Edith Gordon, 141.

GENEALOGICAL INDEX.

179

Edward Terry Hendric, 160.

Edwin Hampton, 138.

Elizabeth, 137, 138, 140.

Eliza Beach, 169.

Ella Eugenie, 141.

Elbert Condit, 143.

Eliza Beach, 169.

Elizabeth Hannah, 154, 164.

Emma, 158.

Emma Elizabeth. 142.

Emma L., 167.

Emma Louise 170.

Euphemia,. 156 157.

Euphemia Bray, 137, 138.

Euphemia Wright, 154, 160.

Fanny Estelle, 141.

Fanny Margaretta, 164.

Fanny (Stewart), 163.

Finley Dawson, 141.

Florence Nightingale, 141.

Francis Hazen, 138.

Frank, 158.

Frederick Clifford, 170.

Fred Gustin, 158.

Frederick Lincoln, 143.

George, 143.

George Carlton, 138.

Gilbert Livingston, 156.

Hampton Calvin, 138.

Harry Alston, 164.

Hannah Jane, 143.

Harry Talmage, 143.

Harry Wallace, 170.

Helen Almira, 142.

Helen Elizabeth, 142.

Horatio Linn, 158.

Howard William, 164.

Irving Newell, 143.

Isaac, 135, 137, 140, 166, 167.

169.
Isaac Calvin, 141.
Jehiel Talmage, 141, 143.
Jennette Remsen, 170.
Jennie, 141.
John Casper, 163.
Jonathan Forman, 166.
John Joseph, 142.
John Stewart, 163, 164.
Joseph Henry 169, 170.
Rev. JosepTi Linn, D. D., 166.
Joseph Linn, 158.
Julia Budd, 170.
Katharine Bentley, 138.
Lettie Walsh, 164.
Lillian Olcott, 141.
Lizzie May, 164.
Louisa, 138, 150.
Louisa Ann, 142.
Louise Linn, 158.
Lucilla Linn, 150, 158, 159.
Lydia (Armstrong), 137.
Margaret, 137, 143.
Margaretta, 135, 145, 154.
Margaret Linen, 138.
Margaret R., 166, 167.
Margaretta Roy, 154.
Maria Catharine, 154, 155.
Martha Linn, 169.
Martha Louisa, 158.

Mary, 137, 169.

Mary A., 169.

Mary Adelaide, 159.

Mary Elizabeth, 158.

Mary Louisa, 158.

Marj- Jane, 142.

May Neilson, 142.

Miller, 142.

Morgan Robert, 142.

Nathan Armstrong, 154.

Nathan Barnet, 141.

Nathan Hazen, 138.

Nellie Morris, 158.

Peter, 137.

Peter Bernhardt, 135, 136, 154,

159.
Peter B., Jr., 166, 169.
Raymond, 164.
Rebecca (Hendric), 159.
Rebecca Jane, 141, 143.
Robert Finley, 154.
Robert Turner, 141.
Sarah, 137. 154, 160, 164.
Sarah Ann, 142.
Sarah Elizabeth, 156, 157
Sarah Linn, 158.
Sarah (Linn), 158.
Simeon Simpson, 137.
Stockton Halstead, 166.
Susan Elizabeth, 143.
Thoma.s Henderson, 166 167
Thomas Hunt, 141, 142.
Versilla, 169.
Victor Fox, 142.
William, 143, 158.
William Armstrong, 154, 163.
William Edwin, 158.
William Bell, 142.
Wilmot Ely, 170.
Winsted Casterline, 158.
Schlegel, Minnie, 162.
Scott, Hannah (Judson), 147.
John T., 147.
Marion Hannah, 147.
Truman Anness, 147.
Truman H., 147.
Scripture, Hannah May, 143.
Searles, Elizabeth, 168.
Frederick, 168.
Isaac, 168.
Sharp, Elizabeth K., 168.
Sharpe, Sophia B., 167.
Shotwell, Emma E., 168. \^
Simpson. Elizabeth, 136.
Slockbower, Helen, 147.

Theodore O., 147.
Smillie, Adelaide Margaret, 170.
Smith, Edythe, l-±j.
Snell, George, 168.
Stewart, Fannie, 154, 163.
John. 163.
Sarah (Bird), 163.
William, 163.
Stiner, Sarah Elizabeth, 151.
Stinson, Archibald, 136.

Jane, 136.
Sutphin, W. G., 168.
W. G., Jr., 168.

i8o

GENEALOGICAL INDEX.

Terry, Amelia Jane, 160.

Deziah, 160.

John K., 160.
Thayer, Jessie Esther, 142.

Thompson, , 167.

Timmerman, Helen L., 151.

Louis F., 151.

Louis F., Jr., 151.
Trasli, Helene E., 159.
Trowbridge, Frank G., 164.

Florence Amelia, 164.

George S., 164.
Turner, Elizabeth 137. 140, 141,
144.

Mary, 144.

Rebecca Maria, 144.

Richard, 137, 143.

Vail, Rebecca Howie, 159.

Van Camp, James Voorhees, 139.

Maria (Coursen), 139.

Nancy Jane, 139.
Van Deren, John, 137.
Van Horn, Leonora A., 139.

Macrina C. (Jones), 139.

William G., 139.
Van Syckel, Aaron, 163.

Mary (Bird), 163.
Vought, Jacob, 146.

Sarah Ann, 146.

Sarah (Snover), 146.

Walsh, Elizabeth Frances (Bates),
164.
Georgia Emma, 164.

Josiah, 164.
Walton, Alice, 167.
John, 167.
William, 167.
Ward, Elizabeth, 158.
Webb, Caroline F., 167.
Welsh, Mary, 160. .

Wheatlev, Harriet (Whittington),
138.
John, 138.
Kate E.. 138.
Whitaker, Wm. Judson, 141.
White, Hannah (Haines), 156.
Maria E., 156.
Marietta, 168.
William, 156.
Whyte, Alice, 142.

Andrew Condit, 143.
Andrew Dawson, 143.
Anna Macldo, 143.
Elsie, 142.
Howard, 142.
Ida Katherine, 142.
James Richardson, 142.
Jessie, 142.
Wilkie, Anna, 149.
Wilson, Miss, 170.

P. P., 170.
Winter, Ida W., 163.

Jacob Castner, M. D., 163.
Woodruff, Adeline, 152.
Wright, Ephraim, 164.

Margaret (Snell), 164.
Nettie, 164.

GLNLRAL INDLX

Adams, Henry, 77.

Katy, 77.
Allamuchy, 53.
Allen, Benjamin, 129.
American Seamen's Friend So-
ciety, 149.
Amwell Township, Hunterdon Co.,

N. J., 126.
Anderson, Thomas, 19. 107, 108.
Arlington. 113.
Armstrong, Betsey, 103.

Elizabeth, 109.

Euphamy, 110.

E^uphemia, 59.

Genealogy, 136.

George, 50. 56, 105.

Jacob, 56.

John, 50, 56. 103.

Judge, 37.

Lydia, 59. 102.

Nathan, 6, 56. 110, 127; sketch
of, 109.

Polly. 59.

Rachel. 105.

Sally, 59.

Sarah, 110.

William, 50, 52, 56, 59.

William Clinton, 6. 109, 111.
"Armstrong Record," 6, 60, 104,

109, 111, 127.
Arrison, Jeptha, 27.

John, 27.

Polly, 27, 70.

Sukey, or Susannah, 28.

Susan, 27.
Asbury, N. J.. 62, 127.
Atlanta, 117, 119.

Baker, General, 112.
Balls Bluff, 112.
Baltimore, Md., 140.
Baskingridge, N. J., 20, 32, 61, 62,

70, 100; church of, 54,
BrsIg 47

Beatt'ystown, N. J., 161.
Beavers, 57.

Elizabeth, 52.
Euphemia. 105.
Robert, 54,
Sallie. 102.
Bedford. 41.
Belers, Peter, 40.
Belvidere, N. J., 63.
Bergen County, N. J., 156.
Bernhardt, Johan Peter, 15, 25,

26, 27, 29, 42; comes to

America, 25; inscription on

gravestone, 130.
Bernharten, El., 131.

Bethel, Conn., 164.

Bethlehem, Pa., 55.

Bible, old German, 46, 47.

Big Creek Gap, 122.

Baltimore, Md., Cemetery, 140.

Black River, 61.

Blair, John I., 127.

Blairstown Academy, 111.

Blairstown, N. J., 127, 139. 142.

Blue Mountains, 35, 38, 40, 47, 49,

74.
Bonnie Brook, 42.
Boulton, 70.

Boyd, Rev. John. 50, 104.
Bray, Euphemia, 59.
Brooklyn. N. Y., 164.
Brown, Abia, 13.
Brownley, Dr., 122.
Burlington, 11, 13, 29, 30.
Bushnell, 111., 150.

California, 155.
Canada, 120.

Candee. Rev. Isaac N., sketch of,
63.

Sally, 63.
Carter, President of Williams

College. 125.
Carv's Meeting House. 100.
Cassedy, Mrs., 106.
Castner, Amanda, 62.

Anna, 62.

Edmund, 62.

Elizabeth, 62.

Emma. 62.

Rev. Jacob R., sketch of, 61.

John, 62.

Margaretta, 62.

Mary. 62.

William, 62.
Catasauqua, Pa., 161.
Cat-Pish Pond. 39.
Cemetery, Baltimore, Md., 140.

Dunmore, Scranton, Pa., 138.

Evergreen, Elizabeth, 162.

Fairmount, Newark, 163.

Greenwood, Trenton, N. J.,
161.

Hope, Galesburg, 111., 164.

Laurel Hill, Philadelphia, 21.

Mt. Peace, Philadelphia, 162.

Newton, N. J., 150.

Stillwater, 130.

Yellow Frame, 53, 126, 137,
150, 154.
Charlestown, S. C, 116.
Charlotteville, Va., 47.
Chattahooche River, 119.
Chattanooga, 119, 120, 122.

I82

GENERAL INDEX.

Chester Co., Pa., 165.

Chickahominy, 113.

Church, Christ, at Newton, 110.

First German Reformed, of
Philadelphia, 20.

German, at Stillwater, 106.

German Reformed, at Still-
water, 42.

Hackettstown Presbyterian,
169.

Hardwick, 43. 49, 104.

Music, 76.

North, of Hardyston, 100.

Hardyston Presbyterian, 100.

Presbyterian, at Cochecton,
N. Y., 162.

Presbyterian, at Newton, N.
J., 107, 155.

Stillwater, 45.

Upper Hardwick Presbyterian,
49.

Yellow Frame. 49, 50, 128, 135;
sketch of, 48.
Cincinnati, 123.
Clark, Abraham, 11.
Clinton, N. J., 61.
Coffee, 70.

Colleg-e of New Jersey, 148.
Colleton Co., S. C, 123.
Columbia, 123.
Columbia, S. C, 116.
Condit, Rev. Ira, 43, 50, 51, 52, 92.

Rev. Ira H., 50.
Congress, Provincial, 10, 11, 12.
Connecticut, 53, 103.
Coursen, John, 17.

Joseph, 60.

Van Tile, 107.
Cowell, Ebenezer, 29.
Cowes, 26.

Crane, Rev. Elias Nettleton,
sketch of, 149.

Rev. Elias W., D. D., sketch
of, 148, 149.
Craig, Rev. Dr., 49.
Crawford County. Pa., 56.
Crlsman, Margaret, 127.
Crosby, 69.

Culpeper, Va.. 114. 115.
Cumberland Mountains, 122.
Currituck Sound, N. C, 140.

Dalton, Ga., 122.

Dansville, N. Y.. 154.

Davis, John, 62.

Davies, Col. J. Mansfield, 112.

Daughters of American Revolu-
tion, 14.

DeMund. Joseph, 59; sketch of,
104.

DePew, Mr., 35.

Deal, England, 9, 26.

Decatur, 120.

Declaration of Independence,
signers of, 11.

Deed, old parchment, 29.

Delaware River, 9, 35; navigation
of, 33.

Denis, Dr., 61.

Dennis, Martin R., 42.

Denver, Col., 159.

Derrs', Ireland, 140.

Dillingham, a revolutionary sol-
dier, 70.

Dotterer, Jacob, 29.

Duffy, Capt., 112.

Dunmore Cemetery, Scranton,
Pa., 138.

Dusenburv. Major Henry. 104;
sketch of, 103.
Mrs., 59.

Dutch Meeting House, 18.

Dwight, President of Yale, 126.

East Orange. N. J., 162.
East Town (Easton), 17.
Edinburgh, University of. 54.
Edsall, Benjamin B., 35.
Edwards. Rev. James Cook, 149.
Elizabethtown, N. J., 104, 148.
Elizabeth, N. J., 39, 149.
Elmira. N. Y., 160.
Etowah River, 121.
Everett, Dr. Elijah, 53, 104;

sketch of, 103.
Evergreen Cemetery, Elizabeth,

162.

Fairmount Cemetery, Newark,

163.
Fall Mills, 35, 37, 89.
Finley, Rev. Dr., 20, 32, 61, 70.
Flanders, N. J., 158.
Flemington, N. J., 27, 129.
Forman, Col., 129.

General David, 126.
Fort Pitt, 41.
Fox. Mr., 28.

Frankford, Sussex Co., 107.
Franklin, Dr., 84.
Fredericksburg, Va., Ii3.
Freehold, N. J., 100, 129.
Frelinghuysen Township, 109.
French War, 33.
Pulton, 28.

Gaines, N. Y., 142.
Galesburg. 111., 63, 164, 165.
Gal way, N. Y.. 63.
Gaston, Esq., 50.

Joseph, 103; sketch of, 104.
Germans, 47; immigration of, 9.
"Germans, early of N. J.,"

Chambers, 61.
German Christians, 43.
German Valley, N. J., 61, 62, 160.
Germantown, Pa., 26, 135; battle

of, 126.
Germany, 9, 25, 29, 74.
Gettysburg, 113.
Goble, Margaret, 127.
Golden. Clarissa. 20, 59.
Goodman, Walter, 26.
Graham, Martha, 28.

Mr., 70.
Griggs, Capt. George V., Ill, 113,

GENERAL INDEX.

183

114, 115.
Greeley, Horace, 100.
Green, Mrs., 55.

Samuel, 30, 110.
Greensville, Sussex Co., N J

138.
Greenwood Cemetery, Trenton N

J., 161. ' ■

Hackensack, N. J., 6, 100, 156.
Hackettstown, 63.

Presbyterian Church, 169.
Haddonfield, 13, 14; Old Tavern

at, 14.
Hahn, Christian, 60.

Mary, 60.

Sarah, 20, 60.

William, 60.
Haines. Alanson A., 101.
Hampton, Col. Jonathan, 109.

Hand, , 70.

Hankinson, Gen'l Aaron, 39, 50,
51, 126, 128, 129; sketch of,
105; grave of, 128.

Coat of Arms, 129.

Daniel Thatcher, 128.

Elizabeth, 127.

Elliza B., 127.

Hannah, 128.

Henry, 127.

John, 127.

Joseph, 126, 127, 129.

Kenneth. 129.

Nancy, 128.

Rachel, 128.

Rachel (Mattison), 126.

Richard, 129.

Samuel, 127.

Sarah, 127.

Thomas, 127, 129.

William, 18, 19, 50, 127, 129.
Hanover, Germany, 140.
Hardwick, 45, 47, 49, 52, 91, 94,

99, 102, 103, 104, 105.
Hardwick Church, 146.

Early settlers of, 49.

Patent, 109.

Township, Sussex Co., N. J.,
10, 29, 48, 55, 99, 100.
Hardyston, 100.
"Hardyston Memorial," 101.
Harper, President, 125.
Harris Light Cavalry, 111, 112,

159.
Harris. W. T.. 125.
Hart, John, 11.
Hazen, Esq., 50.

Ezekiel, 50.

Thomas. 50.
Hendrick, Dr., 60.
Herriott, Sydney, 128.
Hessian Fly, 70.
Hessians, settle in Sussex County,

47.
Hocks Hill. N. J., 61.
Holland, 27.
Holmes, John, 106.
Hood, General, 122.

Hope, 49, 53, 54, 103.

Alexander, 9, 26.
Hope Cemetery, Galesburg, Ul.,
164.

Major General, 113.
Hopkinson, Francis, 11.
Hopper, Lieut., 116.
Horseback Riding, 64.
Hover, John, 107.

Susannah, 107.
Howell, Levi, sketch of, 103.

Governor Richard, 37.

Hubbard, , 69.

Hunt, Dr. David, sketch of. 102.

Elizabeth, 127.

Martha, 100.

Richard, Sr., 100.

Richard, 99, 102.

Thomas, 18, 19.
Hurd's Brigade, 129.
Huron, Dakota, 165.

Indians, hostilities by, 34.
Intemperance, 63.
Ireland, 49.

Jamaica. L. I., 149.
James City, Va., 114.
Jefferson, Thomas, 53.
Jersey City, N. J., 158.
Johnsonburg, 49, 52, 53, 54, 105,

109, 139, 140.
Johnson. Catharine, 107.

Charity (Lane), 106.

Coart, 106.

David, 107.

Henry, 52, 108; sketch of, 106.

Henry, Jr., 107.

John, 59; sketch of, 106, 107.

Mrs. John, sketch of, 107.

Jonathan, 52, 107.

Laura C, 6.

Polly, 107.

Samuel, 107.

Susan, 107.

Whitfield Schaeffer, 59, 107,
108; sketch of, 155.

William Jefferson, 59, 107, 108.

William, 107; sketch of, 108.

William M., 6, 9; sketch of,
156.

Susannah, 107.
Junkin, Rev. Dr., 61.

Kelsey, Cooper, 128.
Heni-y C. 128.
Sarah, 128.
Kennedy, Dr. Samuel, 50, 53, 54,
103; sketch of, 52.
Rev. Samuel, M. D., 52; sketch
of, 54.
Kenville, N. J., 147.
Kerzenheim, Grafschaft Bolan-

den, Europe, 130, 135.
Kunekle. Adam, 29.
Kilpatrick, Lieut. Col., Judson.

Ill, 112, 113, 114.
Kimber, Sally Schaeffer, 60.

i84

GENERAL INDEX,

Thomas, 60.
Kingsbury, Mr., 76.
Kingwood, Hunterdon Co., N. J.,

126.
Kittatiny Mountain, 74.
Knoxville, Tenn., 122.
Krooise, , 21.

Lafayette College, 61.

Ind., 63, 164.
Lamington, 100.
Lancaster, 28.
Lancaster County, Pa., 55.
Lanning, Esquire, 50.
Lauterman, William, 28.
Lawrenceville, N. J., 156.
Lebanon. Hunterdon Co., N. J.,

108.
Laddell, Major Commandant Wil-
liam, 41.
Lee, General, 113.
Legislature of New Jersey, first,

13.
LeRoy, N. Y., 142.
Lewes, Del., 62, 161.
Lexington, Ky., 122, 123.
Locke, Mrs., 56.

Capt. Francis, 104.

John, sketch of, 104.
Log Gaol, 52.
London, 25, 29.
Londonderry, Ireland, 109.
Loomis, Dr.. 122.
Love, Mr., 63.
Lowe, Rev. Benjamin, 50.
Lower Sandusky, O., 104.
Liberty Corner, N. J., 61, 161.
Libby Prison, 116, 159.
Linn, Alexander. 56.

Dr., 53, 102.

Dr. Alexander, 100.

David, 127.

Hannah, 56.

John, 60, 100, 104; sketch of,
99.

Joseph, 100.

Martha, 59.

Martha (Kirkpatrick), 100.

Miss, 104.

Sarah, 60.

William Alexander, sketch of,
100.

Dr. William Helm, 100.
Llspatone (Elizabethtown), 33.
Lititz, Pa., 55.
Livingston, William, 19.
Lyman, Mary, 62.

MacCollum, Aaron, 45.
MacElvaney, Paddy, 69.
•<McClellan, Major General, 113.
McCollough. Mary, 127.

Col. William, 127.
McDowell, Major General, 113.
McGee, Rev. William C, 50.
McKinley, President, 156.
Macon, Ga., 116, 119.
Madison, Mrs., 28.

President, 28.
Mansfield, N. J., 61, 62.
Manning, Captain, 100.
Marietta, 119.

Marksboro, 37, 109, 139, 146.
Marriner, Anna, 62.

Rev. George, sketch of, 62.

Margaretta. 62.
Martin, Col. Ephraim, 39.
Mays Landing, 62.
Mead, General, 113.
Meadville, Pa., 56.
Mendham, N. J., 146, 147.
Merckle. Esquire, 39.

Lizzie, 106.

Mrs., sketch of, 106.
Middlesex County, England, 129.
Middletown Point, 101.
Miller. E. Augustus, 21.

Elizabeth, 61.

Ellen Augusta, 60.

Emma, 61.

Euphemia, 60.

Henry, 61, 62.

Major, 61.

Margaretta, 61.

Marv Hahn, 60.

Hon. Jacob W., 61.

Rev. James Edwin, sketch of,
61.

Ruben B., 60.

Sarah Gertrude, 60.

William Casper, 60.
Monmouth, battle of, 70, 129.
Monmouth County, N. J., 128, 129.

Militia. 129.
'•Monticello," 107.
Moravians, 54.
Morristown, N. J., 15, 39, 61, 146,

147.
Morris County. N. J., 26, 39, 146.
Mosby, Captain, 113.
Mt. Peace Cemetery, Phila-
delphia, 162.

Nashville, 122.

Navy Yard. Brooklyn, N. Y., 149.

Nazareth, Pa., 55.

Nelson, William, 6.

Nettingen, Westphalia, Prussia,

162.
Newark. N. J., 124, 159, 161, 162,

164.
Newell, Ex-Governor William A.,

129.
Newton. N. J., 10, 19. 48. 49, 52,

100, 101, 102, 106, 107, 108,

138. 139, 141. 142. 155. 156,

159, 1G2. 163; selected as

County seat, 48.
Newton Collegiate Institute, 111.

Presbytery, 46.
New Brunswick, 13, 88.
New Egypt, N. J., 61.
New Hampton. Hunterdon Co.,

N. J., 103, 104.
New Jersey. 12, 14.
"New Jersey as a Colony and

State," Lee, 13.

GENERAL INDEX.

185

New Jersey Herald, 49.
New Utrecht, L. I., 168.
New Vernon, N. J., 149.
New York City, 33, 155. 163.
Nice, Lieut., 116.
Nixon, Catliarine, 30.
Northampton Co., Pa., 56.
Northport, N. Y., 162.
Norwalk, Conn., 159.

Oberlin College, 125.
Oberlin, O., j-^-i, 142.
Ohio, 27.

Olden, Governor, 156.
Oxford Furnace, 38.

Palatinate, 9, 135.

Palatines, 26.

Palmer, Alice Freeman, 124.

Dr., sketch of, 103.

Dr. Henry, sketch of, 53.
Fancoast, 28.
Paris, Peace of, 34.
Paterson, N. J., 153.
Paulina, 38.
Paulinskill, 26, 35, 38, 47, 49;

navigation of, 32.
Pennsylvania, 9.

Gazette, 48.

Land Co.. 29, 48.
Peoria, 111.. 63, 164, 165.
Peppard, Rev. Francis, 50, 51.
Peterson, Thomas, 13.
Pettit, Isaac, 18.

Jonathan, 48.
FTung-stadt, Europe, 131.
Philadelphia, 10. 20, 26, 28. 29,
33. 72. 103, 135, 157; Classls
of, 20; Presbytery of, 20.
Phillipsburg, N. J., 61, 156.
Pittsburgh, 28.
Plumsteadville, Pa., 61.
Plymouth, 111., 165.
Pomona, Cal., 170.
Poolesville, Md., 112.
Presbyterian Church, Newton, 166.
Princeton, 13, 100.

College, 149.

Theological Seminary, 20, 61,
62. 63, 148, 149.
Provincial Congress, 11, 12.
Puerta Plata, Santo Domingo, 159.

Rahway. N. J., 167.

Rapahannock River, 116.

Rapidan, 113, 114.

Reading. John, 30.

Readington, Hunterdon Co., N. J.,

106.
Redstone country, 28.
Reed. Bowes, 19.
Reeder, James, sketch of, 105.
Republican National Convention,

156.
State Convention, 156.
Revolutionary War. 39.
Richmond, 113, 116.
Ridgefield, Conn., 164.

Rochester, N. Y., 142.

Rock Creek, O., 142.

Roseville, N. J., 159.

Rotterdam, 9, 26.

Rowlands Mills, N. J., 126, 129.

Rowley. Conn., 138.

Roy, Bernhaidt Schaeffer, 58.

Betsey, 58.

Hannah, 58, 107.

John, 61, 58.

John Casper, 58.

Joseph. 58.

Margaret A., 17.

Margaretta, 43, 58.

Mary Caroline, 18.

Pegg>-. 58.

Polly, 58.

Sally, 58, 103.

Susan, 58.

"Uncle," 90.
Runkle. Mr., 46.
"Rupp, Collection of 30.000 names

of Germans," etc., 26.
Rusling, Gershom, 127.

General James F., 126.

Sandyston Township, 126.
Savannah, 120.
Saxony, 79.

Schaeffer. Shaffer, Shafer, Shaver.
Abraham, 15. 17, 18. 19, 20, 30,

58, 60, 94, 110; will of, 43;
military record of, 41; sketch
of. 101.

Abraham. Jr., Military Record
of. 41.

Adelaide, 61.

Almira Miller, 124.

Amanda Margaretta, 60.

Anna. 53. 58.

Annie, 54.

Archibald S., 59.

Rev. Archibald Stinson, 124;
sketch of, 142.

Capt. Alexander C. 61, 123;
war experiences of. 111.

Betsey, 58.

Casper. 5. 9. 10. 13, 15. 26, 29.
30. 42. 43, 44, 47, 48, 49;
emigrates from Palatinate,
9; settles in Stillwater, 10,
30; is naturalized, 44; tavern
keeper. 48; -member of
County Committee of
Safety, 10; member of Pro-
vincial Congress. 11; mem-
ber of Assembly. 13. 44; ser-
vices of sons In Revolution,
15; death of. 43; inscription
on headstone, 16; will of.
17; character of, 15, 92.

Rev. Casper, M. D., 5, 6. 20,

59, 95. 99; author of Rem-
iniscences, 5; sketch of, 20;
children of. 60.

Casper B.. 47.
Casper Bernhardt, 29.
Catharine, 17.

1 86

GENERAL INDEX.

Catrin, 18.

Edwin, 63.

Elizabeth, 69.

Euphemia Miller, 60.

Euphemia W., 59.

Finley, 21, 71, 59.

Gilbert Livingston, 60.

Halstead, 21.

Helen A., president of WeUes-
ley College, sketch of, 124.

Homestead, description of, 31.

Isaac, 15, 17, 18, 19, 57, 58, 59,
78, 88, 104; military record
of, 39; sketch of, 101.

John, 63.

John S., 5. 21.

Joseph, 60.

Rev. Joseph L., 50; sketch of,
100.

Katy, 58.

Louisa, 60.

Lucilla, 60.

Margaretta, 58, 63, 69, 74.

Margaretta R., 59.

Maria Catherine, 59.

Maria Catrina, 43.

Mary, 18, 60.

Nathan, 68, 91, 94.

Nathan A., 44, 59; sketch of,
60.

Peggy, 58, 59.

Peter B.. 15, 17,18. 19, 35. 40.
43, 44, 50, 53, 54, 58, 59, 60,
94, 104, 111; military record
of, 59.

Polly, 58.

Robert Finley, 59.

Sarah, 43, 59. 91.

Sarah Armstrong, 20.

Sarah Catharine, 59.

Sarah Elizabeth, 60.

spelling of name, 6, 78.

Stinson, 58.

William, 60, 62, 71.

William A., 44, 59.
School House at Stillwater, legacy

to, 18.
Schooleys Mountain, N. J., 161.
Scotland, 49, 54.
Scranton, Fa., 138.
Sedgwick. Kansas, 158.
Seely, Col. Sylvanus, 39.
Senn, Rev. Jacob, 76, 106.
Shad, caught in Paulinskill, 35.
Shakopee, Minn., 61.
Shamokin, Pa., 27.
Shepperd, Gasper (Casper Schaef-

fer), naturalization of, 44.
Sherman, General, 117, 119, 120,

121.
Sherwood, Rev. Jonathan, 50.
Ship, "Queen Elizabeth," 9, 26,
135.

"Robert and Alice," 26.

"St. Mark," 26.
Singing school, 66.
Slaverv, 75.
Smedley, John. 127.

Smithtown. N. J., 149.

Smith Co., Va., 61.

Snyder, Mary, 126.

Somerset Co., 55.

Somerville, 55.

Southard, Aaron, 128.

South Charleston, O.. 140.

South Church, Morristown, N. J.,
149.

Sparta, 61, 100.

Spain. 79.

Springfield, N. J., 148.
Ohio, 140.

Steeleville, Pa., 164.

Stewart, Col. Charles, 37.
Fanny, 62.
Col. John, 107.

Stillwater, N. J., 5, 10, 20, 21, 26,
27, 28. 29, 30, 38, 39, 41, 42,
48, 60, 61, 63, 68, 71, 72, 73,
74. 77, 79, 83, 84, 86, 94, 100,
101, 104, 105, 106, ni, 126,
135, 136, 137, 143, 154. 158.
159, 163; grave yard at, 130;
geographical features of, 38;
domestic animals of, 78;
birds of, 84.

Stinson, Judge, 57.

St. Louis, Mo., 124.

Stockton, Richard, 11.

Stroudsburg, Pa., 61.

Stuart, Daniel, sketch of, 106.

Succasunna, N. J., 146.

Sunbury, Pa., 27.

Sussex Bank, 60.

Sussex County, 5, 13, 26, 27, 42,
53. 99, 104, 106, 110, 127; first
court in, 48; courts, 53;
Committee of Safety, 10.

"Sussex Co. Centenary," Edsall,
48.

Sussex Court House, 17, 107.

"Sussex and Warren Counties.
History of," 94.

Swartzwelder, Mrs., 76. 89.

Swayze, Miss, 59.

Talbot, Dean, 125.

Tavern keeping, 48.

Taylors Falls, Minn., 61.

Taylor, President of Vassar, 125.

"Tehoenetcong," 26.

Terry and Shaffer, Mercantile
Co., 123.

Thatcher, Rev. Mr., 51, 92.

Thomson, Mark, member of con-
gress, 37; military record
of, 37.

Trenton, N. J., 13, 29, 41, 62. 125.
155. 156, 162.

Turner, Miss, 101.

Union College, 63.
United States Ford, 116.
Upper Hardwick, 17.
United States Christian Commis-
sion, 149.
Utlca, N. Y., 163.

GENERAL INDEX.

lb/

Vail, Rebecca, 60.
Van Campen's, 75.
Van Deren, John, 107.
Van Est, Ann, 107.
Van Horn Farm, 53.
Virginia, 28.
Voorhees, Governor, 156.

Walterboro, S. C, 123, 160.
Warren Co.. 57, 149.

Militia, 169.
Warren, Pa., 62, 162.
Washington. 123.

D. C, 29, 47, 112.

General, 70, 127.

N. J., 61, 62, 127, 155, 161.
Water Gap, 49.
Wellesley College, 124.
West Jersey Proprietors, 29.
Whiskey Insurrection, 41.
White, Brigadier General Anthony
Walton. 41.

White Marsh, 26.

"Wicke's Medical History of N.

J.," 54.
Wilkesbarre, 105.

Wilson, , Master, 26.

Windemuth, George, 44.

John George, 42; Inscription
on grave stone, 131.
Wintermute, 34.

Family history of, 42.

J. P., 42.

"Old Uncle," 26, 29.

Peter, 41, 42.
Witherspoon, John, 11.
Woodhull, Rev. Dr., 100.
Wright, Euphamy, 109.

Euphemia, 56.

Yellow Frame, 146.

Cemetery, 41, 53, 126, 137, 150,

154, 163, 166.
Church, 128, 135; sketch of,
49.

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