Full text of "A memorial of the Great Rebellion: being a history of the Fourteenth Regiment New-Hampshire Volunteers, covering its three years of service, with original sketches of army life. 1862-1865"

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Library Association.

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he ARTHUR H. CLARK COMPANY
Publishers and Booksellers,

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Lieut. Gen. P. H. Sheridan.

A MEMORIAL

THE GREAT REBELLION

BEING A HISTORY OF

THE FOURTEENTH REGIMENT

Neto-fjampsljirc bohmtcerB,

COVERING ITS THREE YEARS OF SERVICE, WITH ORIGINAL
SKETCHES OF ARMY LIFE.

I862-I86S.

ISSUED BY THE COMMITTEE OF PUBL1CA TION,

BOSTON :
FRANKLIN PRESS: RAND, AVERY^-CQMPANY.

1882. i'*k*

, 0*

Copyrighted, 1882,
By F. H. BUFFUM.

THE BRAVE SONS OF NEW HAMPSHIRE,

0ut Comrades of ttje Stouxtczntf) Hegtment,

WHO DIED IN THE STRUGGLE WITH THE GREAT REBELLION,

THAT THE "GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE, BY THE

PEOPLE, FOR THE PFOPLE, MIGHT NOT

PERISH FROM THE EARTH,"

Cljis yolttmc is 8ffcrtionatdp iDrtricatcli.

PKEFACE.

The Fourteenth Regiment, twenty 3 r ears after its organization,
and seventeen }*ears after its work in the Great Rebellion was done,
publishes its memorial volume. And still it is the first organization
of Union volunteers from the Granite State to issue a work of this
kind. In waiting thus long, it is probable that a more satisfactory
volume has been produced than would have resulted from an earlier
attempt at publication. The Committee, upon which the veterans
of the Fourteenth devolved the duty now discharged, has striven to
present a work free from the crudities and narrow range of value
which attached .to so many of the publications immediately following
the close of the war.

This book was intended by the Committee to attain three ends :
First, to present an accurate history of the Fourteenth New Hamp-
shire Volunteers, and a record of all its members up to the present
year. A complete history was not contemplated, that were an
impossibility ; for it would necessarily include the detailed story of
more than thirteen hundred eventful lives during their entire connec-
tion with the regiment. It is believed that these pages record all of
the important events in the life of the organization, and perhaps also
a large proportion of the prominent incidents which filled out the
months and years of its service. Second, this volume aims to fur-
nish a comprehensive account of the romantic and important opera-
tions in the Shenandoah Valley from the beginning to the end of the

Vi PRE FA CE.

war ; epitomized in the first three years of the ever-shifting struggle,
but fully and accurately portrayed in. the last and triumphant cam-
paign of 1864. Third, in a series of articles of general application,
taken in connection with the incidents appearing in the narrative
portion, the Committee has aimed to hold up before the general
reader a striking picture of volunteer army life as it was experienced
by a million and a half of America's citizens drawn from every
community in the loyal North.

Concerning the first point, the Committee has labored under both
inevitable and unnecessary difficulties. Important information has
been obtained with difficulty. The lapse of time since 1865, the
death or removal of mam-, has rendered it difficult, if not impos-
sible, to secure valuable material. In many cases it is to be feared
that surviving members of the regiment has not rendered that aid
which, could it have been given, would have materially lightened the
labors, and made more completely successful the work accomplished.

The Committee has made use of all the material furnished, and
has endeavored by repeated requests to obtain every fact of interest.
Every practicable endeavor has been made to avoid neglect and
prevent omissions. The Committee gratefully recognizes the hearty
co-operation of those comrades who have done all in their power to
make the enterprise worthy and successful.

CHARLES P. HALL,
JOHN W. STURTEVANT,
SAMUEL L. GEROULD,
FRANCIS H. BUFFUM,

Committee of Publication.

AUTHOK'S NOTE.

In the preparation of this volume, under the direction of the Com-
mittee of Publication, the author has been indebted to many who
have contributed to this memorial. He desires to acknowledge the
favors and services which have materially aided in the accomplish-
ment of the work. He is under obligations to the following officers
and gentlemen outside of the Fourteenth Veteran Association :
Lieut. -Gen. Philip H. Sheridan ; Col. Herbert E. Hill, formerly of
Gen. Sheridan's staff; Mr. C. K. Lord of the Baltimore and Ohio
Railroad ; Mr. George F. Field and Col. F. H. Forbes of Boston ;
Superintendent A. B. Drum of the National Cemetery, Winchester,
Va. ; Postmaster A. L. Ebersole, Cedar Creek, Va.

The following members of the Fourteenth have furnished written
contributions : Col. Carroll D. Wright, who has written one of the
accounts of the Battle of the Opequan, and the principal portion
of the sketch of "Service at the Central Guard-House;" Capt.
Charles P. Hall, who furnishes a sketch of " Duty at Fort Pulaski,"
and of "Hospital Guard-Duty in Washington;" Capt. John W.
Sturtevant, who has had charge of the elaborate and valuable tables
which complete this volume, gathering the material and compiling
the statistics with much labor and difficult}' ; Lieut. Marcus M.
Holmes, who contributes one account of the Battle of Cedar Creek,
and a sketch of "The Refugee Camp ; " Lieut. Walter H. Sargent,
who has written the story of " An Attempted Escape ; " Sergt. Sam-

viii AUTHOR'S NOTE.

uel L. Gerould, who has materially assisted in the preparation of the
statistical tables, especially the comparative tables, which are of
special interest to all New-Hampshire veterans. The writers of the
various company sketches are credited in the proper place.

In addition to the formal written contributions, the following
comrades have supplied important information from their diaries :
Col. C. D. Wright, Capt. J. W. Sturtevant, Lieuts. E. D. Hadley,
O. C. Mason, and J. L. King, Sergt. S. L. Gerould, and A. Z.
Mason ; while the following have been active in furnishing data and
incidents with which to enrich the work : Col. C. D. Wright, Major
F. L. Tolman, Capts. S. A. Carter, C. W. Hodgdon, Ira Berry, jun.,
C. P. Hall, J. W. Sturtevant, and G. F. Blanchard ; Lieuts. M. M.
Holmes and W. H. Sargent; Sergts. S. L. Gerould, G. H. Stowell,
jun., G. A. Sherman, and Corpl. J. Gove.

In order to relieve some who are herein mentioned from any possi-
ble embarrassment, it may be proper to state that this note appears
without the knowledge of the other members of the Committee. To
them especially, and to all here named, as well as to others who
have indirectly assisted, but whose names have not come to the
writer's knowledge, is due whatever of success may have been

attained.

THE AUTHOK.

003STTE]S"TS.

PAGK

Preface iii

Author's Note v

PART I.

Organization 1

Company Sketches 6

Col. Robert Wilson . . . . 40

Lieut.-Col. T. A. Barker 41

Major S. A. Duncan 43

Muster-in 44

On Guard 46

To the Seat of War 55

PART II.

Service 65

On Picket 70

Boxes from Home 81

The Cook-House ........... 100

Central Guard-House 112

"Cozzens" 125

Dress-Parade 130

Long Bridge . 134

Army Discipline 140

PART III.

Louisiana Campaign 149

A Regiment Afloat 154

Letters from Home 167

The Right Wing 173

The Left Wing 175

The Yankee in Blue 177

x CONTENTS.

PART IV.

PAGE

The Shenandoah 182

Battle of the Opequan 204

Another Account 225

Col. Alexander Gardiner 230

Obituaries 233

Battle of Fisher's Hill 246

An attempted Escape 253

Foraging 258

Battle of Cedar Creek . 273

Another Account 293

Obituaries 296

Music in the Army 300

Col. C. D. Wright 314

PART V.

Georgia Campaign 316

Major F. L. Tolman 317

In Hospital 318

Eefugee Camp 325

Fort Pulaski 327

The Volunteer Grumbler 335

Escorting Jeff Davis 341

The Negro 345

PART VI.

Home again 356

After Twenty Tears 362

PART VII.

Original Eoster 379

Special Details 403

Promotions 407

Deaths by Disease 412

Killed or Mortally Wounded 417

Wounded 421

Captured 425

Deaths since Discharge 426

Veteran Eoll . 430

Comparison of New Hampshire Eegiments 443

ILLUSTKATIONS.

Lieut. -Gen. P. H. Sheridan . Frontispiece

Page

Col. Robert Wilson Facing 6

Lieut.-Col. T. A. Barker "16

Gen. S. A. Duncan "26

Field and Staff "36

Company-A Officers "46

Company-D Officers "56

On the Potomac "66

Company-H Officers "76

Camp at Poolesville "86

Company-G Officers "96

Lieut.-Col. Marston and Others "106

Company Officers " 116

View of Harper's Ferry " 138

Mouth of the Shenandoah " 148

Camp at Morganzia " 164

A Glimpse of the Shenandoah " 182

Lookout near Harper's Ferry " 18S

Cedar Creek " 194

Camp near Berry ville " 200

Ford of the Opequan " 206

Plan of Opequan Battle " 212

Col. Alexander Gardiner " 218

Lieut. G. H. Stone "226

New-Hampshire Monument " 230

Officers killed at Opequan " 238

Plan of Fisher' s-Hill Battle "246

The Stone Bridge " 250

xii ILL US TRA TIONS.

PAGE

Belle Grove, Sheridan's Headquarters .... Facing 272
Plan of Cedar-Creek Battle. ...... 292

Col. C. D. Wright 314

Major F. L. Tolman 344

In the Vallet 3TO

Fourteenth New Hampshire.

ORGANIZATION.

The first great impulse had spent its force. "War was no
longer a romance, and the novel excitements of a nation in
arms had measurably subsided. It was a season for sober
second thought. The startling change from the peace of a
century to war as a general avocation had become so signal and
complete that the people had settled down to conflict as to an
employment. Through all the North, on every stream, the
busiest industries of thriving communities were fed by the
demands for the sustenance of a dreadful internecine struggle.
Every illusion had been dissipated from the most sanguine
mind ; the alluring glamours of Southern campaigning had
been torn away ; and war in its hardships, disease, and carnage
was fearfully exemplified to all observers.

In that war-weary summer of 1862 no spirit of adventure
could have tempted one thoughtful man from his home among
the Granite Hills. Superficial inducements were not powerful
in the presence of a half-hearted military policy, and under the
shadow of Southern battle-fields where triumphs were dubious,
defeats crushing, and every engagement of doubtful value to
the loyal cause. It required a good deal of courage and deter-
mination to enlist in the Union armies under the unprecedented
calls by the government in 1862. The mere mercenaries, who
were bought into a blue uniform, are not included in the above
as any worthy characterization of our volunteers. The con-

z FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

ditions varied from those of the first requisition. If some of
the noblest were lost to each community when the initial and
awful long roll was sounded which turned hamlets into camps,
there was yet a compensation in the wholesome and extensive
deliverance from the floating, worthless, and dangerous elements
which naturally drifted at once into the army. Yet if there
still remained a spot in the North infested by something of
a picnic patriotism, an itching for novelty and greenbacks, a
being constituted to enjoy a free frolic and turn an easy penny
at the government's expense, there were avenues opened to
brief and easy terms of service sufficient to accommodate the
applicants. President Lincoln's call for three hundred thou-
sand three-years' troops was a severe drain upon the North ;
and it came home to the best fighting element, the grand
reserve force, of the country : and it is moderate to assert, that,
when that call was satisfied, not another three hundred thou-
sand of equal quality could have been enlisted in America.
The men who responded were not Bohemians, nor mere seekers
for a better fortune. They "were mostly fixtures in society, and
in every relationship there was a sacrifice when they took the
field.

Under previous calls New Hampshire had sent out of her
sons as worthy champions as any who enlisted in 1862, men
whose fighting and dying immortalized themselves, and secured
to their Mother Commonwealth imperishable honor. But this
distinction must be observed : they could, generally, go to their
country's defence with less injury to dependent interests than
was possible with the volunteers of 1862, who sacrificed so
largely industrial and family interests when they filled the last
and the widest gap. These volunteers had weighed the
momentous question, balancing the duty to home and depend-
ent families against the claims of patriotism, for almost a year
and a half. They had read the story of their country's need in
the radiance of Fort Donelson, Nashville, New Orleans, and the
puissant " cheese-box on a raft " in Hampton Roads. Gloomily
had they pondered the difference between fireside and bivouac
in the lurid, ominous glare reflected from the earthworks of

A FALSE IMPUTATION. o

York town, the deathly intricacies of the Chickahominy, and
the splendid disaster of Malvern Hill. Such men could never
tread a path to disaster and death hedged in by those illusions
which might deceive and ensnare an enthusiast. They were
measurably familiarized with the realities of war, and many of
them had already suffered for their country in personal and
almost inconsolable bereavements.

It was a frequent insinuation, tending to disparage our volun-
teers, that they enlisted for the sake of the bounty offered. It
is probable that thousands of uniforms were filled by green-
backs ; but such a criticism aimed at the volunteers of 1862
was a false and needless imputation. There were bummers
surely; bounty-jumpers taking another turn; discharged men
from older regiments, whose disability vanished as by a miracle
under the Midas touch of a big town-bounty, only to conven-
iently return when the regiment approached hard or dangerous
service ; rheumatic and chronically disabled cheats, conscious
of worthlessness, but also covetous of a bounty, there were
found such foul blemishes upon the sturdy battalions whose
tramp, tramp, tramp, answered back to a beleaguered capital
and to sore-pressed veterans,

" We are coming, Father Abraham,
Three hundred thousand more."

The men who established the personnel of those regiments
upon an exalted level, who made possible such an esprit du corps
as first presaged and finally assured victory from Maryland to
Texas, were not purchased candidates for maiming, imprison-
ment, and death. They were men who could not have been
bought from wife, children, and the family home of generations
for one hundred or one thousand dollars. And such men were
the overwhelming majority of the three-years' volunteers of 1862.

It is quite true that the large bounties offered finally induced
them to risk the heroic and costly venture. The era of emo-
tional patriotism had faded into the past. Sentimental, Fourth-
of-July oratory was impotent in reconciling the average citizen
to hard-tack, Virginia mud, and Rebel bullets. The prevailing

4 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

argument was business-like and transparent : " We know what
this thing means. We don't want to fight, but we can't see those
rampant Rebels whip us and destroy the Union : we must see
the government through this job of putting down the Rebel-
lion." There was an awful majesty in the cool devotion and
deliberate uprising of the volunteers in 1862. And the gene-
rous bounties secured the best material in all the North. Men
were ready to peril life for the Union ; but they would not, and
ought not to, peril that which was dearer than life, more sacred
than any or all government, their families and homes. As
soon as the proffered bounties were sufficient to secure home
interests and guard against pecuniary calamity, then tens of
thousands of doughty citizen-warriors felt and said, "Now we
are ready : we can go and feel easy for the home and the dear
ones." It was eminently just for the government to give these
men a lien upon the future prosperity of the people in order that
their home as well as their country might abide intact. The
high bounties paid in 1862 simply made it possible for the best
fighting material in the loyal States to tender its invaluable ser-
vice to the government in its pressing need.

When the enlistments for the Fourteenth Regiment were
made, devotion to an undivided Union and an indorsement of
the government's war policy were as unmistakable as in the era
of the spring uprising of 1861, with this difference : that the
loyalty of 1862 was more practical and less effervescent. There
was a business-like deliberateness in volunteering which must
have been impossible amid the excitements of the initial cam-
paign. Such a condition of things was favorable to the organi-
zation of strong and reliable battalions capable of the highest
efficiency.

Had the regiment been organized when the men were enlisted,
it would have been numbered Ten rather than Fourteen : in
fact, many were enlisted for the Ninth. The Fourteenth can-
not be denominated a Cheshire-county regiment; although the
colonel, lieutenant-colonel, and four of the companies came
from that county. The other companies were raised in the
counties of Sullivan, Grafton, Coos, Carroll, Merrimack, and
Hillsborough.

COMPANY SKETCHES. O

A single sentence must suffice in which to comment upon a
subject whose discussion and resultant antagonisms affected the
regiment throughout its history, and proved detrimental to
harmony and the highest discipline during the first year of ser-
vice. In the organization of the regiment, there was an unfortu-
nate combination of uncongenial official elements. Happily the
intelligence and devotion of the officers and men were more
than sufficient to endure the strain ; so that what in many cases
would have ended in demoralization, in the Fourteenth simply
retarded the development of that splendid efficiency as a mili-
tary organization of which the regiment was indisputably capa-
ble. Considering the injustice in the matter of promotions,
which was inflicted upon a large number of the finest officers
in the regiment, this volume would be seriously incomplete with
no allusion to what so largely controlled and crippled its life.
Yet in the crucial hour of battle, when the regiment was to
write its immortal or ignoble page in history, it rose in its might
out of all disabilities ; and perpetuating that spirit, we consign
all the unpleasant past to oblivion.

In the arrangement of this volume, the following pages are
assigned to sketches of the several companies. It was intended
that each company should have the same amount of space ;
and, so far as material has been furnished, this purpose has been
realized. Each company is responsible for the space taken.
The sketches are of local and company value, and they gather
up and preserve many interesting circumstances and incidents
which otherwise might be lost beyond recovery. The scope of
these company sketches covers the history of the recruits up to
the time when they were incorporated in the regimental organ-
ization, when the record of the regiment proper begins. In the
preparation of these papers we are indebted to the following
comrades : The sketches of A, D, H, and G, were written
respectively by Capt. C. P. Hall, Capt. C. W. Hodgdon, Lieut.
M. M. Holmes, and Capt. J. W. Sturtevant. That of Company

FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

1 was largely written by Sergt. G. H. Stowell, Sergt. R. Hun-
toon furnishing valuable material for the remainder. Material
for the other sketches was furnished as follows : for B by Sergt.
G. A. Sherman ; C, by Col. C. D. Wright ; K, by Lieut.-Col.
O. H. Marston and Lieut. O. C. Mason ; E, by Capt. William
Cobleigh.

COMPANY A.

Of the one hundred men who composed the original company,
seventy-two were recruited by Frank T. Barker, at Keene,
Westmoreland, and Hinsdale; and twenty-eight by Charles P.
Hall, at Westmoreland, Dublin, and Sullivan. All were enlisted
between August 1 and September 1, thirty-seven in one day at
Hinsdale. The following were the towns represented : viz.,
Hinsdale, forty; Westmoreland, twenty-two; Dublin, twelve;
Marlborough, six; Keene, five; Sullivan, four; Surry, three;
Fitzwilliam,Troy, and Swanzey, two each ; Chesterfield and Mar-
low, one each. The average age of the men was twenty-three
and a half years ; and there were in the company's ranks men
who had been farmers, machinists, mill-operatives, students, and
one each employed as teacher, express-messenger, mechanic,
laborer, teamster, clerk.

It seems that the authorities of Hinsdale had the impression
that the quota of their town would be about forty, and called a
meeting, at which it was voted to pay a bounty of two hundred
dollars, and to raise eight thousand dollars for the purpose.
Soon after it was learned that the quota was only about twenty.
In the mean time the forty had enlisted. Now came the ques-
tions, "Who shall go?" "Shall the whole bounty be paid?"
Some urged the filling of only the exact quota. Excitement
ran high : the boys were just ready to mutiny if they could not
all go together. A town-meeting was called, at which wiser
counsels prevailed; and, by a large majority, it was voted to pay
the full number that had enlisted. This satisfied the boys, and
proved the best thing for the town in every way ; for the extra
men were set down to the credit of the town in subsequent
calls, when it was not so easy to get men. It shows at what a

<sf<&~JU6

<^ct_ t^>-^-

A PRESENTATION. 7

fever pitch the patriotic impulse of the North was beating dur-
ing this summer of 1862.

Arrangements having been made for tents and rations, the men
went into camp September 2, near Westmoreland South Village.
The next day the company was organized by the election of
commissioned and appointment of non-commissioned officers,
and the organization was ratified at Concord. The camp was
afterwards named " Camp Jack." The company had regular
drill each day under the direction of Col. T. A. Barker, and
the camp was visited by numbers of citizens from the town and
vicinity. There was enough of real army life about this soldier-
camp to awaken an unusual interest in every thing that per-
tained to the war.

The ladies gave the company a generous reception at the
Town Hall a few evenings before the departure for Concord,
where the dear women vied with each other in kindly attention
to those whose names had gone down on the roll. The display
of flowers, the heavily-laden tables, and the earnest words, told
a story which the boys delighted to recount by their camp-fires.
A beautiful flag was presented to the company, which floated
over its every camp till the summer of '64.

Miss E. J. Aldrich (now Mrs. Dr. Cutler of Swanzey) accom-
panied the gift with fitting words, to which Capt. Barker
responded.

Again, after the return in the summer of 1865, the ladies gave
the men a " welcome home " at the same place. Miss Aldrich
again spoke the words, which found an echo in many a heart
gathered that day on the village green. Capt. Barker voiced
the feelings of " the boys " as he told how they had been cheered
in all their months of absence by kindly memories of the dear
ones at home, and of the deep interest felt in them, shown in so
many ways. But wounds in some hearts were re-opened, and
other hearts beat in warm sympathy, as he told of those who
came not back, whose life went out along the banks of the
Potomac, of the Mississippi, of the Shenandoah, slowly in hos-
pital shelter, or quickly on the field of strife.

In obedience to orders, the company broke camp on the

8 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

morning of September 20, and proceeded to Concord, where it
joined other companies the same afternoon. The men marched
four miles to the station at East Westmoreland, where cars had
been left for them, and thence by rail, via Ayer Junction and
Nashua, to the place of rendezvous. The line of that first
march, in the early morning of a beautiful autumn day, was a
continuous ovation. Such had never been seen before, and may
never be seen again, in that quiet town. Men had gone out
singly and in squads to preserve our old flag whole, but here
was a full company marching out to the music of the Union to
make a part of the " three hundred thousand more."

From village, cottage, farmhouse, roadside, and depot plat-
form ; from gray -haired men and women, whose memories
reached back almost to the war of Independence; from fathers
and mothers in vigor of life ; from trembling wives with little
ones in their arms ; from maidens with cheeks paled by love for
father, brother, or " one dearer than all other; " from admiring
boys and girls, learning lessons in patriotism never learned be-
fore ; speaking out from trembling lips, moistened eyes, waving
kerchiefs, and hearty hand-grips, came the cheering " God bless
you and keep you ! " which echoed on and on long after the rear
end of the train had passed out of sight. With the arrival at
Concord, and mustering in September 22, the separate history of
Company A closes.

COMPANY B.

Two of the most flourishing towns on the Connecticut River
furnished the larger part of this company, while two other
adjacent communities assisted in completing the roll of mem-
bership. The men of Company B were somewhat conspicuous
among their fellows in the battalion for their size, height, and
fine appearance. The recruiting officers were, John G. John-
son and Artemas M. Adams of Walpole, Charles E. Holbrook
and Henry E. Barrett of Charlestown, Henry Knight of Mar-
low. There were enlisted for this company, in the town of
Walpole, fifty-one men ; in the town of Charlestown, thirty-five ;
Marlow furnished thirteen; Alstead bringing the number to

PUBLIC ENTHUSIASM.

one hundred and one by the addition of its two, who were
enlisted by Joel Billiard. Enlistments for this company began
July 28, the last man being recruited September 13. Up to
August 11, fifteen had enlisted ; the majority coming in within
the next week or two.

The towns in which this company was recruited were gener-
ous and enthusiastic in the public-spirited and patriotic efforts
put forth to organize and send forth a body of men which
should worthily represent the intelligence and virtue of those
communities. Men and women vied with each other in their
endeavors to send their sons, brothers, husbands, and fathers
forth to battle, not only well equipped, physically and mate-
rially, but armed with that faith and courage which relies upon
ready hands and true hearts among those who speed them on
their dangerous way.

A somewhat peculiar experience was the lot of a portion of
the company. It was enlisted for the Ninth Regiment, and
soon after enrolment was ordered to Concord, and went into
camp there with the expectation of becoming incorporated into
that organization. The good sense of some prominent men at
home assured a different destiny. It was considered that
obvious advantages would result from the formation of a full
company in the towns above mentioned. The health and hap-
piness of the men would certainly be enhanced by the transfer
of a community of interest and acquaintance from home locali-
ties to the theatre of active service. Prominent citizens pre-
pared a petition and presented it to the authorities at Concord.
It accomplished its desired end : the men were permitted to
return home, and they were at once embodied in that organiza-
tion which was afterward known as Company B of the Four-
teenth.

The Walpole squad rendezvoused in the village of that town,
and enjoyed picturesque camp-life in A tents on the common.
This was an interesting feature in the early soldiering days of
that portion of the company, both to the members and to the
townspeople. The boys created a somewhat lively series of
events in the place, but their presence was much enjoyed. The

10 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

writer understands that the Charlestown part of the company
also rendezvoused in the latter place, and enjoyed the advantages
of a good deal of a good time and considerable drilling. The
company was drilled to some extent by Cadet Meade, and by
Mr. J. G. Johnson and other members of the company.

On the sixteenth day of September Company B left Walpole,
and proceeded by the way of Hillsborough Bridge to Concord.
It arrived tljere that afternoon, drew enough utensils to barely
set up military housekeeping, and marched into camp, being the
third company on the ground. The company at once proceeded
to perform the necessary police-duty, and also gave assiduous
attention to drill. The youngest man in the company was six-
teen, while the oldest was reported as forty-four. The average
age of the company was twenty-five and a half years.

The company held an election of officers, with the result
which appears in the roster. On the 22d of September the
company was mustered into the United-States service, being
one of the first companies of the regiment to pass from State
to National control. The roster of Company B, as finally com-
pleted, comprised three officers and ninety-eight men. Of these,
two were afterward lost by desertion. This company, coming
from the counties of Cheshire and Sullivan, was representative
of, and an honor to, both.

COMPANY D.

When the call was made for three hundred thousand men to
serve for three years or during the war, every town began to look
about for men to fill its quota ; and good bounties were offered
as an inducement, so that many a good man and true could see
his way clear to enlist, leaving his family in comfortable cir-
cumstances. While some men, who doubted the ability of the
country to meet so large a call, and fearing a draft, suddenly
found themselves afflicted with some " chronic " ailment, which
until then had been so carefully concealed that even their most
intimate friends had never suspected it, the large majority
nobly stepped forth, ready to vindicate their country's claims

QUAKER LOYALTY. 11

under the guardianship of the national eagle, and ready (as
Yankee Adams says) to wallop the pinfeathers out of any
other bird that might lay claim to jurisdiction anywhere within
our borders.

The town of Weare (though manifestly a town of peace,
being the home of many an honest Quaker, who delight not
themselves in the turmoils of war) became aroused, and meet-
ings were called to take measures for filling its quota ; and,
during the excitement that followed, it would have been ex-
ceedingly hard for a stranger to distinguish between the peace-
loving Quaker and the carnal-minded man of war, except by
the brim of his hat. It was deemed best for some townsman to
open a recruiting-office. Mr. George Foster, one of the leading
citizens, taking Dr. C. W. Hodgclon with him, called upon Dr.
A. B. Story, a prominent man, asking him to assume the respon-
sibility of raising a company and taking command of it. The
doctor said that it would be utterly impossible for him to do so,
but would do all in his power to forward the good work, and
requested Dr. Hodgdon to take the place. After consultation
with influential men of the town, he concluded to do so; and,
assisted by their efforts, the quota was soon filled with a class
of intelligent, able-bodied men. No opportunity was offered
for company drill, as the time was limited and the men scat-
tered. A few men were recruited in the east part of the town
by Mr. Stark Fellows. The majority of the men from Weare
were desirous of joining the Eleventh Regiment under Col.
Harriman if possible; but the regiment was filled before
arrangements could be made. They were consequently as-
signed to the Fourteenth. Combinations were made with
squads from other towns. A second squad was from Seabrook,
recruited by J. N. Brown ; some from Deering, by E. D. Had-
ley ; others from Hampton, by Warren Dow ; a few from Man-
chester, by J. N. Bruce ; several from Kensington ; and a few
from various parts of the State, secured by C. W. Hodgdon, to
fill the company to the maximum (98).

The company did not rendezvous at any place outside of the
camp at Concord : consequently but little was learned of soldier-

12 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

ing previous to that t*me. The quota from Deering joined
those from Weare at the depot, North Weare, on the morn-
ing of September 15, 1862, where a goodly number of relatives
and friends had gathered to bid them " God-speed." Patriotic
remarks were made by William H. Gove and others. Hands
were shaken, good-bys were spoken, and the train sped on its
way,

" As if it bore all peace within,
Nor left one sorrowing heart behind."

To many of the boys at that time, soldiering meant fun and a
good time generally ; but to those mothers, wives, and sisters
who remained behind, it meant tearful watching, lonely hours,
and sleepless nights. At East Weare we were joined by Stark
Fellows and his men.

I am not familiar with the circumstances attending the
recruiting in Seabrook, and give the facts as I gather them
from the men. When the call was made, meetings were called,
and good bounties offered. J. N. Brown opened a recruiting-
office. The first man enlisting under this call was Francis
Beckman, August 11, 1862.

Recruiting progressed quite rapidly. Street-parades and
other methods were adopted to arouse the patriotism and fill
the quota ; but all discipline was at a discount, and but little
effort was made to enforce it. It seemed to be the universal
intent to have a good time while they could. I was present
once when they met for parade. What uniforms they had were
of the Zouave pattern. Some of the men were armed with
muskets, although as soldiers they had not learned their use ;
but, as marksmen, many of them could hardly be excelled.

When about ready to march, a coach arrived from Hampton
with several men in charge of J. H. Perkins (afterwards ser-
geant), bearing a large placard, " Raw recruits for Seabrook."
Owing to some misapprehension about the meaning of the card,
a disturbance arose, the card was torn down, and the "raw
recruits " did not join in the march. After a good deal of talk,
in which every man had just as much right to speak as any other
man, the men were formed in line, headed by the Newton Band

THE BOYS GET TIRED. 13

of about fourteen pieces, and the procession moved. It was a
hot day, and the march was for about six miles over a dusty
road; and such a march I have never witnessed, before or
since. A little out of the village they passed the house of one
of their jolly acquaintances, when several of the men threw
their muskets over the fence, and went in : that ended their
campaign for the day. And long afterward, while campaign-
ing on the Potomac, I asked John Locke (then a non-commis-
sioned officer) if he ever found the musket which he threw over
the fence. He said he never thought to look for it, would do
so " when this cruel war is over."

The strains of martial music, mingled with the noise of the
passing soldiery, aroused the enthusiasm of both man and beast.
Two dogs, entering into the spirit of the occasion, commenced a
fierce assault upon each other just around the corner, when the
men broke ranks, and made a rush for the scene of combat,
formed a " hollow square " around the combatants, determined
to see fair play, according to the rules of the "prize-ring."
The officer in command shouted himself hoarse, telling the
men to keep their places, and not leave the ranks ; but, finding
it of no avail, himself joined the crowd, and offered to bet two
to one on the " brindle purp." The weary march finally came
to an end, some of the men hardly able to reach the starting-
point, owing to the excessive heat. Had the weather been
cooler, some other cause might have been ascribed.

On the 15th of September most of the men took passage in
coaches for Exeter, thence by rail to camp in Concord. At
Manchester the two wings of the company met for the first
time. The quotas from Seabrook, Hampton, and Kensington
were in charge of Mr. J. N. Brown. Though strangers to each
other, they soon became the best of friends. Arriving at Con-
cord the company formed and marched to Camp Cheshire, on
the old fair-ground, where other regiments were already quar-
tered, and far advanced in the mysteries of soldiering. The
company was assigned to barracks.

In camp we were joined by Mr. J. N. Bruce of Manchester,
with four men. The company was made up of all sizes, from

14 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Ira E. Brown on the right, six feet three inches, to P. C. White
on the left, who was one-half inch below regulation height ; but
he proved to be tough : and when occasionally the two happened
to be detailed together for guard, or other duty, they looked
like " David and Goliah gwine out for to fight." Nearly all
occupations were represented in the company ; the majority
having led indoor lives, which were not supposed to have fitted
them for the hard, rough exercise of a soldier on active duty.
The very exercise and hardship which we feared would prove
so destructive seemed to be just what was required to develop
their health and muscle, and, instead of breaking them down,
made them numerically the strongest company for duty ; fewer
of its men dying from natural causes than in any other com-
pany of the regiment. The usual trouble was experienced on
first going into camp ; viz., that of trying to enforce discipline
among men accustomed to have their own head : but by dealing
with them kindly, yet firmly, they gradually became accustomed
to it, and soon learned how easy it is to combine the soldier
with the man.

The first night in camp was one long to be remembered.
All through the day some of the men had been holding little
conference meetings (so to speak), and, as Artemus Ward
said, "moistening their diaphragms from time to time." At
last, when wearied of all other kinds of pastime, they gradually
straggled into their barracks, looking like any thing but " our
country's gallant defenders." When all were quietly and
sweetly sleeping, one man, more thoughtful than the rest, pro-
cured a camp-kettle filled with water, and, armed with a tin
dipper, came in, and shouted, "Water, water, anybody want
water?" All had retired weary, many of them very dusty
(in the throat). Nearly everybody was dry. " O Sam ! give
me a drink," came from every quarter ; and one man said he
" hadn't been so dry for thirteen years come Thursday." The
same kind-hearted individual visited us about once an hour
until morning. There were more parched tongues and throats
to the square foot that night in the barracks of Company D
than could ordinarily be found in a sabbath-clay's journey.

TEMPTING THE CAPTAIN. 15

One little incident occurred which served to show what strict
watch it was necessary to keep on that class of cormorants
who were living and growing fat while their country was
struggling for existence. I mean those men who were supply-
ing recruits, and, after receiving their bounties, induced them
to desert, and put them in again elsewhere. One of this class,
who had supplied three men for Company D, approached the
captain one day just at dark, and said, " Cap, if you will give K.
a pass to the city to-night, and let him take his citizen's clothes
with him, I will give you twenty-five dollars." The captain
thought for a few moments, promised the required pass, and
was paid twenty-five dollars. Thinking, as did Hosea Bigelow,
" 'Taint a knowin' kind of cattle that is catched with mouldy
corn," he immediately called Sergt. P., and said, " Sergeant,
I want you to go to the city to-night : K. is going over ; keep a
close watch on him, and, if you see any thing that excites your
suspicion, take him by the collar, and persuade him to return
with you to camp." About half-past ten K. came trudging into
camp, bundle in hand, with Sergt. P. about ten feet behind.

After the novelty of the first few days had passed away, the
men adjusted themselves to the discipline of a soldier's life, and
made very creditable progress in drill, particularly in the
manual of arms, under the instruction of Warren Clarke, Esq.,
an efficient drill-master. The men grumbled a little when they
were furnished with hatchets, grub-hoes, picks, etc., and sent
out to clear the ground adjoining their barracks of bushes and
stubs.

The examination of the men by the regimental surgeons was
not as strict as it might have been, but most of the men were
strong and able-bodied. One man, who was mustered in at
forty-four, two years after was mustered out at sixty-two : so
fast do men grow old when in active service !

Although the designation of company officers was under-
stood to have been fixed during the recruiting of the men, soon
after arriving in camp opposition to the proposed arrangement
showed itself in certain quarters. Thinking it best to have the
matter settled before further trouble grew out of it, C. W.

16 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Hod gel on formed the company in a square, and addressed them
on the subject: Messrs. Fellows and Brown did the same. A
vote was then taken, and C. W. Hodgdon was elected captain.
One of the members of the Governor's Council, who was pres-
ent, decided, from the strong feeling shown by the men, that
it would not be best to disregard that feeling, and commis-
sion any one else as captain. C. W. Hodgdon was commis-
sioned captain, Stark Fellows first lieutenant, and John N.
Brown second lieutenant. The captain requested the lieuten-
ants to select such men from their own squads as they deemed
best fitted for non-commissioned officers, each receiving its pro-
portion. The captain selected E. D. Hadley for orderly-ser-
geant, which was a wise appointment, as he proved to be one of
the best orderly-sergeants in the regiment; being able, as soon
as he became familiar with the company's names, to call the roll,
make out all details for guard and other duties, entirely from
memory, without reference to his written list, quite a conven-
ience, especially when the roll had to be called before daylight.

Most of the men selected for non-commissioned officers were
well fitted for their positions, and did much to assist in keeping
up the discipline and efficiency of the company. When the
company was marched over to the city to draw their clothing
from the government storehouse, then the trouble commenced.
Some who had been accustomed, as was Joshua Whitcomb, to
go down to the store and have their clothes cut for them, found
it hard to be suited; and, after doing the best we could in mak-
ing selections, some of the fits were like Sairy Gamp, "kind o'
promiscuous like."

The company was mustered into the United-States service
September 24, Company D being the fourth in rank. When
the regiment left the State on the 18th of October, for the seat
of war, many friends of the company from Weare came to
Concord to bid them, for aught they knew, a last farewell, and
watched with tearful eyes the vanishing train, offering up a
silent prayer for their safe return.

oC- tg^.

'"7' 'I'SlM

TOWN ACTIVITY. 17

COMPANY I.

This company was gathered from a widely extended area,
comprising twenty-eight towns, mostly in Sullivan County;
although quite a number of the recruits were from the eastern
and middle sections of the State. The following towns fur-
nished the members of Company I: Cornish, eighteen; New-
port, sixteen; Grantham, eleven; Claremonfc, ten; Washington,
seven; Seabrook, six; Newbury, five; Bradford, Charlestown,
Plainfield, each four; Croydon, Unity, each three; Acworth,
New Market, each two; and Chichester, Dalton, Effingham,
Goshen, Hanover, Holderness, Lancaster, Lempster, Langdon,
Portsmouth, Piermont, Stewartstown, and Somersworth, one
each. Six members of the company were not located. The
following are the principal recruiting-officers, and the number
of men they enlisted: Sylvanus Clogston, at Claremont and
Washington, twenty-nine; D. F. Pike, at Newport, seventeen;
Sylvester M. Bugbee, at Cornish Flat, nine ; W. H. H. Cowles,
at Grantham, seven; T. A. Ripley, at Portsmouth, seven;
Dudley J. Pillsbury, at Grantham, five ; Chester Pike, West
Lebanon, five; Ransom Huntoon, Unity, four; William H.
Chaffin, Claremont, three ; Mason W. Tappan, of Bradford,
three ; Alexander Gardiner, at Claremont, two. The first men
who enlisted in the company were N. L. Chandler, Simeon S.
Dodge, and R. Huntoon, August 12, and F. S. Stowell, August
13. The balance of those who formed the original organization
were mostly enlisted between August 20 and September 1.

During this time the several towns were active in their efforts
to encourage enlistments. About the middle of August the
citizens of Grantham met in the town-hall : and, after several
stirring and patriotic addresses, an appeal was made for enlist-
ments ; and a dozen men responded. This town paid two hun-
dred dollars bounty to each of its men who enlisted for the
Fourteenth. The towns of Lempster, Washington, and Charles-
town voted to pay a bounty of one hundred dollars to each
volunteer. The little town of Unity was reported to be some-
what imbued with a non-aggressive spirit in regard to the strug-

18 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

gle, but it had enough loyal hearts in it to enable a small sum
to be voted to recruits.

A town-meeting was held in Newport on the evening of July
26, to take counsel in reference to the speedy enlistment of vol-
unteers. The hall was crowded. National airs were played by
the Newport cornet-band, and a general feeling of enthusiasm
prevailed. Paul C. Wheeler offered to give ten dollars each to
the first twenty-five Newport men who should enlist, in addition
to the town bounty. Several similar meetings were held during
August and the early part of September. On the 9th of Sep-
tember, Hon. W. P. Wheeler of Keene addressed a large and
enthusiastic audience in the Newport town-hall ; and, at the close
of the meeting, Rev. P. S. Adams and several others enlisted.
Cornish also paid liberal bounties to its volunteers, and mate-
rially aided their families.

The citizens of Cornish Flat gave a supper and reception to
Company I at the hotel, which was a very pleasant and enjoya-
ble affair, gratefully remembered by all who were present. The
people of Claremont were among the first to respond to the call
of President Lincoln for seventy-five thousand men, enlisting a
full company. They also furnished large detachments for the
Second and Third Regiments, nearly a full company for the
fighting Fifth, and were largely represented in the Sixth and
Seventh. Yet, when the President called for three hundred
thousand more in the summer of 1862, the citizens of Clare-
mont, alive to the necessities of the hour, heartily responded
to the new demands of the government. At its annual meeting
in March, the town had voted to apply five thousand dollars to
the families of volunteers. Early in July, E. W. Wooddil was
appointed to recruit for regiments then forming ; and, soon after,
Orville Smith of Lempster, and Sylvanus Clogston of Washing-
ton, opened recruiting-offices in the town.

During the month of July a series of public meetings were
held in the commodious town-hall, which increased in attend-
ance and enthusiasm. A county war-meeting was held in
Claremont on the afternoon of August 2. The hall was draped
with flags, and tastefully decorated with evergreen and flowers ;

GUARDING REBEL PROPERTY. 19

and the Newport cornet-band furnished appropriate and excel-
lent music. Henry Hubbard of Charlestown was called to pre-
side : and addresses were made by Gov. A. S. Berry ; Congress-
man J. W. Patterson ; C. W. Nesmith, United-States senator
from Oregon; Hon. A. H. Cragin ; and P. Sanborn, State
treasurer. Brief remarks were also made by H. B. Titus, major
of the Ninth ; Capt. T. A. Barker of the Second, afterward
lieutenant-colonel of the Fourteenth ; and a few others.

Capt. Barker told of his experience in the war, and some of
the conclusions which he had reached in consequence. One was,
" that he should never again detail men from Company A to
guard Rebel property, no, never! That style of standing
guard over the property of enemies was played out." He doubt-
less had in mind the facility with which the "guard" appropri-
ated the goods which caused their owners anxiet} r , and effect-
ually relieved them of any further solicitude in that direction.

August 7 the town of Claremont held a meeting, at which
it was voted to pay a bounty of fifty dollars to each citizen vol-
unteer. August 21 William H. Chaffin, a graduate of the
Norwich Military University, opened a recruiting-office in that
place. Meetings were held by the citizens of Claremont on the
evenings of August 18 and 19, at which it was voted that the
town pay a bounty of a hundred dollars to each man enlisting
after that date. Public meetings were held during the latter
part of the month, at four o'clock in the afternoon ; at which
hour the places of business were closed, and the citizens repaired
en masse to the park, the place of meeting. Young and old
formed themselves into companies, elected officers, and, as home-
guards, drilled with the recruits. At a legal town-meeting, held
September 17, it was voted to pay all who had enlisted since
August 11 the sum of a hundred dollars each.

The men recruited by Messrs. Clogston and Bugbee rendez-
voused at Claremont for about ten days previous to their de-
parture for the general camp in Concord. As an instance of
promptitude in obeying orders may be mentioned the case of
Freeman S. Stowell, who enlisted for the Eleventh Regiment,
but, receiving orders at eleven a.m. to report at Claremont for

20 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

the Fourteenth, started on foot, and walked to Claremont that
afternoon, a distance of twenty-four miles from the place of his
enlistment. The squads recruited by Ransom Huntoon, W. H.
H. Cowles, D. F. Pike, and D. C. Pillsbury, made a rendezvous
of Newport for three weeks, where the men were well drilled
by Capt. J. H. Cross. The drilling at Claremont was done by
S. Clogston.

In the beginning Company I had several members who were
peculiarly interested in the company, and in its military excel-
lence. This interest was noticeable throughout its history, and
has not abated, on the part of some certainly, since the muster-
out. That interest was evidenced at the veteran re-union held
in Newport.

Company I was so well drilled at the rendezvous, that, when
it first appeared on the parade in Concord, it at once attracted
attention as being one of the best-disciplined companies in the
battalion; and, in all subsequent battalion movements, Company
I and its captain were always reliable as examples ; and that
company was involved in fewer blunders, and more seldom
required disentanglement, than most others.

The non-commissioned officers of I were very competent and
reliable men ; and in this respect the company ranked well up
with D, G, and other companies which were pre-eminent in their
complement of subaltern officers. Concerning the election of
company officers, there is room for the supposition that the
ceremony of choosing the same was not perfectly satisfactory ;
and by some members of the company it was considered that no
election at all was held for captain and second lieutenant, while
the choice of first lieutenant was " a farce." At any rate, the
company, like good soldiers, quietly acquiesced in the organiza-
tion as finally perfected. The election referred to occurred
after the arrival of the squads in Concord.

The squads which rendezvoused at Claremont, and the re-
cruits of R. Huntoon from the Newport rendezvous, together
with W. H. Chaffin and Alexander Gardiner, arrived at Concord
on the 18th of September, and went into camp near the Thir-
teenth Regiment. During the week before being mustered, while

CONFISCATING APPLES. 21

under the command of Capt. Clogston, the men were called
out in the wee small hours to draw up the hardhacks and sweet
ferns which generous nature had so liberally furnished as a
shade for the lively flea, who inhabited the broad and sandy
plain. These recruits were examined by the surgeon September
22, and mustered into the United-States service on the 24th.
The remainder of the men from the Newport headquarters re-
ported September 22, being about the last squad on the ground.
They were mustered into service on the 26th, and the company
granted a furlough of five days.

The arrival of the Newport boys in camp brought a supply
of apples. It happened in this way. Just as they came upon
the camp-ground, an old farmer was in camp peddling out
some three or four bags of apples. A slight difficulty arose in
regard to a transaction, and the farmer was inclined to be a lit-
tle mean about it. This the boys would not put up with, and
began to hector and tease him. He soon got angry, and began
swearing at them. Between them one of the bags got open, and
the boys helped themselves as the apples rolled to the ground.
At this point the farmer came to the conclusion that it was best
to look for another market, and whipped up his horse to leave
camp, meantime swearing roundly at the company. The result
was, that the other bags of 1 apples got open ; and the fast driving
over the rough ground made it lively for the boys to pick up
the fruit left behind in the retreat. As he drove off the ground,
not a few of the apples could be seen flying through the air
toward him and his poor beast.

W. H. Chaffin, afterward captain of the company, drilled it
in Camp Cheshire, and was really in command of the company
until the commissions were issued, January 1, 1863, when he
was mustered as captain. A singular exception appears to have
been made in the time of commissioning the officers of this com-
pany. Some of the members of Company I originalLy enlisted
for the Twelfth and Thirteenth Regiments. The ages of the
men were, youngest, sixteen, oldest, sixty-five, with the average
below thirty. Most of the members of this company were men
with families, and well off pecuniarily. They were representa-

22 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

tive of the best citizenship of the section which sent them forth,
and they enlisted in a glow of patriotic devotion which never
grew cold until the great work was done. The material fur-
nished by Company I to the Fourteenth possessed the elements
of bravery and endurance to an eminent degree.

COMPANY C.

Company C may be emphatically called a Cheshire-county
company, nearly all parts of the county being represented in its
ranks; although the greater number came from Keeue and
Swanzey, in the central part. The occupations of the men were
more varied in number than the towns from which they were
drawn. They were mostly young married men, leaving families
behind them ; and at least two members of the company, Messrs.
Combs and Mattoon, had their sons with them, all of whom
served to the end of the war, and were mustered out. They
were a tough, hardy set of men, well qualified to endure hard-
ship and fatigue, and calculated to render good service where-
ever and whenever called upon. While they were jolly good
fellows, always ready for a frolic, or any enterprise that prom-
ised a little sport, they were always prompt to obey the call of
duty, and never failed to respond to any demand for service,
however arduous or dangerous it might be, danger, indeed,
seeming to add a spice and relish to whatever they undertook.

Enlistments began early in August, at Keene, under Capt.
Combs, who recruited a large number. The towns represented,
and the number of men from each, were as follows : Keene,
twenty-eight ; Swanzey, twenty-two ; Marlborough, ten ; Fitz-
william, ten ; Troy, six ; Gilsum, three ; Iioxbury, Richmond,
Westmoreland, Winchester, two each ; Hopkinton and Walpole,
one each. Unlike some others in the regiment, this company
was enlisted wholly for the Fourteenth ; and there was none of
the doubt and indecision in regard to its destination which
excited the anxieties of some in other companies. The company
rendezvoused in Keene, though not in camp there, and was well
drilled under Ira Berry, jun., who was a competent drill-master;

READY FOR A LARK. 23

and under his training the men presented a creditable appear-
ance.

Company C was exceedingly fortunate in its drill-masters.
Capt. Combs, who also drilled the men, was an efficient officer,
and a man of some military experience, having been an officer in
a former New Hampshire regiment. When the Fourteenth en-
tered the service, he probably understood tactics as well as any
officer who went out at that time.

The company remained in Keene until it went into camp at
Concord, September 17. The next day the following officers
were elected : Captain, Amos D. Combs ; and first lieutenant,
Ira Berry, jun. ; September 19 the second lieutenant was elected ;
Carroll D. Wright, afterwards colonel of the Fourteenth, being
chosen for this office. The officers of this company were of
exceptional ability, making good records for themselves, and
reflecting credit on the State that sent them forth to battle for
the Union. This company was one of the first companies on
the grounds at Concord, and, immediately after its arrival,
entered upon a course of training in camp which went far
towards fitting the men for the active and varied labors in which
they were soon to engage. They were mustered into the United-
States service September 22.

This company was the life of the regiment. Its men were
always ready for a frolic, their overflowing spirits not only
keeping their own hearts light and cheerful, but bringing smiles
to the serious countenances of some of their more sedate com-
rades, and driving away many a fit of the "blues. Whatever
promising scheme was on foot, Company C managed to obtain
its full share, and was reckless of danger in its pursuit of what-
ever was uppermost at the time. The men had many amusing
experiences and some narrow escapes, the recollections of which
are dear to the hearts of the veterans; but, with all their love
of adventure, they were good soldiers, and did faithful service.
They were equal to any for endurance of hardship and fatigue,
and the company contained some of the best fighting material
in the regiment.

The company took the palm for odd and famous characters.

24 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

If there were any tricks of foraging which, some of its members
did not understand, it is certain that such tricks were never
resorted to in the army. The men early showed an ability and a
disposition to take care of themselves. If any innocent (?) lark
was on the tapis, there were members of this company who never
brought up the rear of the procession. A feeling of comrade-
ship was noticeable in Company C, and no men in the regiment
were readier to assist a needy comrade than the members of
this company. There were several nicknames in the company,
which became so familiar throughout the regiment that it can
never be thought of without recalling them to mind ; " Old
Actually " being one of the characters referred to. It is suffi-
cient to say that Company C was always "liable for duty."

COMPANY F.

The three-years' enlistments in the town of Winchester
formed the nucleus of Company F. The volunteers from that
town under previous calls had been scattered through nearly all
the regiments which the State had sent to the front, and that
community had no representative organization in the Union
armies. The quota of Winchester was so large in 1862, that a
successful endeavor was made to organize a company ; and this
movement gave an added impulse to recruiting. Public meet-
ings were held; the town voted a generous bounty; and a de-
gree of enthusiasm was awakened which brought a large number
of hesitating ones to a final decision, and secured the best possi-
ble material for service in the field.

The enormous drain necessary to fill the call for six hundred
thousand men was felt in Winchester and adjoining towns, and
commensurate efforts were put forth to fill the quota. It is
simple justice to state, that the towns furnishing the men for
Company F contained no better fighting material than they
contributed in these enlistments, the men who were enrolled
in August, 1862. A few poor sticks crept in, tempted by the
bounty ; but most of the volunteers honored the community in
which they were born, and which sent them forth in that most

RECRUITING IN WINCHESTER. 25

invulnerable armor of the soldier, a self-respecting, loyal man-
hood. They went, too, sustained by the sincere sympathy and
undivided patriotic sentiment of their constituencies.

This company had a curious geographical constitution. The
reasons therefor must be sought in the official exigencies of
those ambitious aspirants who found it necessary to effect such
combinations of squads as would prove effectual in securing the
coveted commissions. Extremes met in Company F, the ex-
treme ends of the State ; the Massachusetts and Canada lines
uniting in the sixth company of the Fourteenth. In Cheshire
County the towns of Winchester, Chesterfield, and Richmond
furnished respectively thirty-five, fifteen, and six, men, with four
from Swanzey, and the same number from Keene. In Coos
County the following towns furnished the complement of the
company: Milan, five ; Northumberland, three; Stark, one; Lan-
caster, one ; with one each from several other towns. In Win-
chester the principal enlisting-officer was Dr. George W. Pierce,
afterward surgeon of the First N. H. Cavalry, and who took
so much interest in the company, that there was a strong desire
for his acceptance of the captaincy ; but circumstances prevented.
Dr. Pierce enlisted thirty-five men from Winchester and the
members of the company from Swanzey, while the Keene re-
cruits were enlisted in that town and turned over. The Coos
members were recruited by Capt. Browne.

The first recruiting in Winchester was on August 13, it hav-
ing been announced previously that a company was to be raised
in Winchester and vicinity. An effort was made to induce one
of the old militia officers to raise and lead a company ; but, while
the project fell through, there was a good deal of old-fashioned
bass-drumming, parading in single-file formation, and training
on every open lot about the village. A kind of martial enthusi-
asm was thereby sustained, which served as a diversion from
the grimmer realities of soldiering. On the afternoon of August
13 a spirited town-meeting was held ; and, in addition to the
large town-bounty then voted, the earnest, patriotic speeches of
several citizens among them being those of Hon. Ira W.
Russell, Rev. Mr. Perkins, and T. A. Ripley gave a sudden

26 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

and powerful impulse to enlistments. The scene in the old
town-hall, when man after man jumped upon the benches and
signified his readiness to be one of the town's quota, was
one of the most thrilling ever witnessed in that community.
Scarcely a recruit in the town enlisted under the nine-months'
call, nearly all volunteering under the recent call for three hun-
dred thousand three-years' men.

At that time it was the prevailing opinion that a three-years'
man would be home again within nine months ; but it was the
general feeling, that to wind up the Rebellion was the duty of
all who went into the army, even if three years were required
for the consummation. Winchester and Richmond first united
their quotas for the formation of the company, and the next
move was an endeavor to bring Hinsdale into the arrangement.
In furtherance of the negotiations, the Winchester and Hinsdale
contingents met at Ashuelot Saturday, August 23, and frater-
nized in a season of marked conviviality ; speeches being made by
Messrs. W. A. Fosgate and T. A. Ripley. On Thursday, August
28, the delegations met, and agreed on a basis of organization.
Hinsdale was to have the captain, first, second, fourth, and fifth
sergeants, and four corporals. Winchester took the two lieu-
tenants, one sergeant, and four corporals.

On some inexplicable and baseless pretext the election at
Winchester was called for Sunday, August 31, with the follow-
ing result : T. A. Ripley, first lieutenant ; Stephen Phelps, second
lieutenant ; Henry F. Pratt, third sergeant ; L. Warren Wright,
George Norwood, J. F. Hunt, and A. B. Colburn, corporals.
The terms of agreement between the squads and the result of
the election at Winchester were not really satisfactory to any
of the parties in interest ; Richmond particularly demurring to
the small recognition which her quota had received in the dis-
tribution of the offices. Monday, September 1, it was announced
that Hinsdale had receded from the union. Saturday, Septem-
ber 6, fifteen of the Chesterfield recruits joined the Winchester
boys, raising the number secured to seventy. A company being
thus assured, orders were received to fill the proposed organiza-
tion to the maximum. The Richmond and Chesterfield recruits

Uuc

CUi^

THE WOMEN OF WINCHESTER. 27

were representative of the best righting element in the two
towns. September 11 Surgeon W. H. Thayer examined fifty-
three men in the town-hall, four of whom were rejected.

The nascent military experience of the company in Winchester
was agreeable, the leading spirits managing to flavor those
civilian-soldier days with all needed episodic spice. The situa-
tion was a novel one to both the enlisted men and the people of
the town. The former were not inclined to anticipate future
dangers by present forebodings. With many of them the ordi-
nary duties of home-life were continued until regular drilling
was begun. About August 20 the men rendezvoused at Win-
chester for drill, a small hall over the post-office being utilized
as headquarters ; while the town-ball was a general resort for
drill, athletic exercises, amusements, etc., which occupied the
leisure and the busy hours. So far as the company was drilled
at all, it was well drilled by W. A. Fosgate and T. A. Ripley ;
the former having had some military training, which gave him
an advantage over the others. The company was occasional]}*-
exercised in what were then considered long marches, and in
sharp dashes at double-quick.

The amenities of initiatory soldiering were enjoyed by Com-
pany F. The ladies of Winchester were assiduous and appre-
ciative in their attentions, and in various ways manifested their
tender interest in those whom they were prayerfully sending
forth to battle and death. On Saturday, August 16, the ladies
gave an elegant reception and dinner in Beacon-Light Hall.
Prominent citizens of the town were present, the soldiers occu-
pying the post of honor. The occasion was a memorable one in
the history of the company. Appropriate music was rendered ;
and speeches were made by Messrs. W. A. Fosgate, Marshall
Kingman, A. L. Jewell, and S. W. Buffum. The most impres-
sive feature of that day's programme was the gift of a copy of
the New Testament to each of the volunteers. The presenta-
tion was made by Miss Emily Wheaton, who, for culture of
mind, fineness of spirit, and beauty of character, was one of the
noblest women Winchester ever produced. Well did she repre-
sent, in that short speech, full of tenderness, patriotism, and

28 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

piety, the royal power of American womanhood in the desperate
struggle for national unity. Her requiem hymn on the death
of President Lincoln was among the excellent ones which that
sad occasion inspired.

Those who hoped for commissions extended unfailing " cour-
tesies " at the headquarters heretofore mentioned, and the
extent of their liberality was the measure of their genius as
prospective officers in the minds of a portion of the men. By
invitation, Wednesday, August 27, the Winchester boys
marched to Richmond : but, with a prudence hardly practicable
in the Valley, they ordered omnibuses to follow ; and the foot-
sore heroes rode home. In the beautiful grove back of the
schoolhouse at the Four Corners, tables were spread and
bountifully loaded, not with soldier's fare, and the sylvan
repast was heartily enjoyed. Speeches were made by Dr. S. P.
French, of the citizens, and by Mr. A. B. Colburn for the com-
pany. While the men rendezvoused in Winchester, meals
hardly rations were taken at the house of Ira Gustine, on
Parker Street. The fine tables there spread are not yet for-
gotten.

About the middle of September the men grew restless and
impatient for something more real and important than the mock
soldiering indulged in for a month. They were soon gratified.
The first supposition was, that the company might become a
portion of the Ninth Regiment ; but days changed to weeks, and
still no demand for the Cheshire-county men. Definite infor-
mation coming, that the company would go into either the
Thirteenth or Fourteenth, orders were received to repair to
Concord ; and, on the morning of September 17, L. F. Buffum
took the company, in omnibuses, to Fitzwilliam, where it
embarked on the train for the State capital. Concord was
reached at 3.30 p.m. ; the line of march was to the State House,
thence to the quartermaster's department, where a blanket,
plate, cup, and spoon were issued to each man ; and the march
was resumed to the new barracks in camp. In order to secure
the maximum number of men, an arrangement was made with
a squad of recruits from Coos County, previously referred to,

EXTREMES MEET. 29

and originally intended for Company E, but held by the re-
cruiting-ofncer for the most advantageous offer. The terms of
the transfer to Company F were not approved by the best men
of the squad.

September 21 the company was examined by the regimental
surgeon. The next day the election of officers was held, a
captain and first lieutenant being chosen. The second lieuten-
ant was never chosen by the company, although the one finally
commissioned stood second in the ballot for captain. The com-
pany was mustered into the United-States service September 23.
October 3 the appointments of non-commissioned officers were
announced by the captain.

In more senses than already enumerated, extremes met in
this company. The tallest man, H. H. Howe, stood six feet
two ; while the shortest, F. F. Britton, was less than five feet.
The oldest member, Jesse Wilson, was sixty-three, and the
youngest, W. A. Morey, but sixteen. Considering the com-
pany at its average and in its subsequent service, endurance,
fighting, and deaths on the battle-field, it was the equal of any
in the regiment in most respects, and would have been in all,
had it stood on equal vantage ground with the crack companies
of the battalion.

COMPANY H.

In the early part of August, 1862, William E. Bun ten of
Dunbarton, a graduate of Dartmouth College, opened a recruit-
ing-office at Concord, with the intention of organizing a com-
pany for one of the regiments then forming under the call for
three hundred thousand men. He held a series of war-meetings
in Bow, Hopkinton, Canterbury, Meriden, Goshen, and other
places, a part of the time accompanied by Albert H. Sawyer of
Weare, who was also endeavoring to form a company. Some
time prior to this, Walter H. Sargent of Webster, who had
been captain of the Boscawen Rifle Rangers, commenced to
recruit for the Ninth Regiment ; but, in consequence of some
misunderstanding with the town authorities, he cancelled these
enlistments, and on the 8th of August commenced to recruit

30 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

again, enlisting on that day the first member of Company H.
Joseph C. Munsey of Chichester, and J. Clark of Plymouth,
were also recruiting about the same time.

When the news arrived of the disaster on the Peninsula,
George F. Blanchard of Hopkinton, and Marcus M. Holmes of
Dunbarton, then attending school at New London, decided to
enlist, and for that purpose started for Concord on foot. They
walked to Hopkinton, a distance of nearly twenty miles. Here
Blanchard, yielding to the entreaties of relatives, concluded to
delay his enlistment ; but Holmes went on to Concord the next
day. He called on Adjutant-Gen. Colby, who advised him to re-
turn to New London and remain until graduation, which would
take place in two or three weeks, at the same time appointing him
recruiting-officer. Blanchard afterwards enlisted, and became
a member of the company, returning from the war as captain
of Company A.

The quota of New Hampshire was nearly full when the first
enlistment was made ; and when the last of the three-years' men,
about the 1st of September, were ordered into camp to form
the Fourteenth Regiment, it was found that no one of the
above-mentioned recruiting-officers had enlisted enough to form
a company.

So, mainly through the efforts of Bunten, a combination was
effected, including also a detachment of Pembroke men, under
Snell, leaving the question of officers to be decided afterwards.
Under this arrangement the company was the third to go into
camp, but, in consequence of the dela}' in selecting officers, was
the eighth to be mustered. The number enlisted by each was
as follows :

William E. Bunten, seventeen ; Albert H. Sawyer, fourteen ;
Walter H. Sargent, twelve ; Marcus M. Holmes, ten ; Joseph C.
Munsey, twelve ; J. Clark, fourteen ; C. B. Haines, one ; B. E.
Badger, one; B. T. Pierce, two (deserted same day). Total,
eighty-three.

Bunten, Sawyer, Sargent, and Snell were all candidates
for the captaincy ; but as there could be but one captain, and
three officers in all, no agreement could be made : till finally,

ELECTING OFFICERS. 31

at the suggestion and in the presence of Lieut.-Col. Barker, an
election was held about the 22d of September, resulting in Bun-
ten for captain, Sawyer for first lieutenant, and Sargent second
lieutenant. Dissatisfied at this, Snell withdrew, and joined
Company K.

Twenty towns were represented in the company, the number
from each being as follows :

Chichester, fourteen ; Dunbarton, eight ; Concord, seven ;
Bow, five ; Warren, three ; Pembroke, two ; Walpole, two ;
Francestown, one ; Weare, one ; Canterbury, one ; Webster,
thirteen ; Hopkinton, eight ; Plymouth, five ; Campton, four ;
Goshen, three ; Sunapee, two ; Hooksett, one ; Waterville, one ;
Groton, one ; Unity, one.

They were mostly farmers and farmers' sons, with a few
mechanics and students. Their ages were as follows : Eighteen
years and under, eighteen ; nineteen and twenty, nine ; twenty-
one to thirty, thirty-three ; thirty-one to forty, fourteen ; forty
and over, nine. Total, eighty-three.

The youngest member of the company was David S. Corser of
Webster, who was born August 6, 1847. Alonzo P. Saltmarsh
of Bow was only a few months older. Both served through
the war, and returned as corporals. The youngest non-com-
missioned officers were Marcus M. Holmes and Arthur F. Good-
rich, each being eighteen. Goodrich died in 1863, and Holmes
returned as first lieutenant. The oldest were Sanborn, Brad-
bury, Frazier, and Moulton, each having attained the age of
forty-four; and all returned. There were twelve pairs of brothers.
Of these only four pairs were permitted to return unbroken.
Moulton afterwards had a son join the company as a recruit.

While in camp at Concord, the company was drilled for a
time by Warren Clark, and performed a good deal of fatigue
and guard duty.

COMPANY K.

The call for troops in 1862 reached the ears of men living in
the beautiful region between the White Mountains and Lake
Winnipiseogee, and a response was made by an effort to raise a

32 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

company in the town of Sandwich. The first enlistment was
made July 30; and patriotic pride, enthusiasm, and the energy
of the recruiting-officers, O. II. Marston and W. M. Weed, car-
ried the work steadily on until the roll numbered eighty-six
names, including one from Moultonborough. A public meeting
was held, at which the town voted to give a bounty of one hun-
dred dollars to each enlisted man ; and a large number of enlist-
ments were obtained. The formation of the company called
out the enthusiasm of the townspeople, and awakened new zeal
for the common cause. Much interest and pride were felt in
raising a band of men which should fittingly represent the com-
munity which sent it forth.

The company did not muster in any camp previous to its
arrival in Concord, but the men did not waste time in needless
delay; and, in two weeks from the first enlistment, they were
ready for work. After the 14th of August they met two or
three times a week, and were drilled by O. H. Marston and
M. S. Webster ; the latter having the benefit of previous military
experience, as a sergeant in the Sixth Mass. Militia for some
years. The company was drilled faithfully and efficiently until
its departure for Concord.

When the first enlistments were made, it was supposed that
the company would be assigned to the Twelfth ; but, as that regi-
ment filled up sooner than was expected, the Fourteenth became
its destiny. Early in September a meeting was held, which
resulted in the election of the following officers : Calvin Hoyt,
captain ; O. H. Marston, first lieutenant ; Moulton S. Web-
ster, second lieutenant. This election took place with the
expectation of filling out the compan}^ in Concord by single
recruits, and by so doing avoid a necessity of change in officers ;
but upon arriving in Concord, September 19, it was found im-
practicable. The examining surgeon rejected seventeen men,
which so diminished their numbers as to necessitate a much
larger addition than had been anticipated.

In the mean while, Jason D. Snell, who had been but a short
time discharged from the regular army, had raised twenty-three
men in Pembroke, given them thorough and successful drill,

A HAPPY ADJUSTMENT. 33

and arrived with them in Concord. He now offered to unite
his force with that from Sandwich upon condition that he
should have the first lieutenancy, and one of his men, J. M.
Prentiss, the position of a sergeant. After a few days of con-
sultation, his offer was accepted ; and his squad of men united
with those of Sandwich, making in all ninety recruits. The
important question now arose as to which of the previously
elected officers should give place to Mr. Snell. This was a diffi-
cult and delicate matter to adjust with mutual satisfaction, but
it was happily accomplished ; and a petition, addressed to the
Governor and Council, was signed by eighty-one out of the
ninety enrolled in the company, asking that O. H. Marston be
commissioned captain, Jason D. Snell first lieutenant, and
Moulton S. Webster second lieutenant. This petition was
granted, and commissions issued accordingly. It was the last
company of the Fourteenth which went into camp at Concord.
After drawing clothing, the men were granted a furlough of
three days.

Company K boasted two men that were six feet four inches
in height, Benjamin Estes of Sandwich, and Herman Blood of
Pembroke. Its shortest member, John Atwood of Sandwich,
was five feet five. Though the ages of its men ranged from
seventeen to forty, it was more uniform in this respect than
many other companies, a large majority in its ranks being under
twenty-five. This uniformity was not confined to age, but
extended to occupation also. It might well have been said of
them, as of those earlier heroes who fought so bravely at Con-
cord in the nation's first great struggle for freedom,

" There the embattled farmers stood."

With the exception of a few mechanics, Company K was
composed of those who follow the plough. Situated in the very
heart of the Commonwealth, the peaceful farming community
which sent forth these sturdy young men to the aid of their
country was well fitted to produce those capable of bearing the
privation, fatigue, and danger of soldier-life. Such men, born
and bred on the farms of New England, and inured to toil which

34 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

calls forth and develops powers of strength and endurance, were
of great value in the Rebellion, and carried with them to the
front a fixedness of purpose as unchangeable and resistless as
their own granite rocks. The men of Company K, sober,
steady, little given to boisterousness and insubordination, were
not wanting in the more conspicuous traits of unflinching
bravery, and loyal devotion to country.

COMPANY E.

Of all the industries represented in the Fourteenth, the lum-
bering interest was as conspicuous as any, aside from the agri-
cultural. The men from Coos County in this regiment were
largely engaged in the different branches of lumbering through-
out the northern section of New Hampshire, and most of them
constituted Company E. No company in the Fourteenth could
boast of such magnificent physiques as those of Company E.
It contained a larger proportion of tall men than any other
company, and had fewer short men. Many of its members were
of massive proportions, and would have delighted the king of
Prussia. From the above facts it was anticipated, when the
regiment was organized, that the men of Company E would en-
tirely surpass those from other sections in their powers of physi-
cal endurance. The members of Company E were enlisted from
the towns of Lancaster, Du miner, Northumberland, Stark,
Milan, Gorham, Berlin, Stratford, Dalton, and Whitefield. The
recruiting was done as follows: Dyke Sessions enlisted thirty
men at Dummer; William Cobleigh, twenty men at Northum-
berland; Edmund Brown, fifty men at Lancaster; John A.
Harriman, seventeen men at Dalton. Probably the first enlist-
ment in the Fourteenth Regiment was made in Company E, the
first recruit being enrolled about July 4. Two members of the
company enlisted for the Thirteenth Regiment, but concluded
to wait and go with others from that section in the Fourteenth.

The company rendezvous was at Lancaster, where the men
were drilled by Sergt. F. M. Rhodes, previously of the Second
N. H., and who was afterward chosen captain. At Lancaster,

FIRST IN CAMP. 35

August 31, the members of the company held an election of
officers, with the result which appears in the roster. Accord-
ing to the information furnished, Company E was the first of
the companies of the Fourteenth to go into camp at Concord,
preceding most of the others by two weeks, arriving there
September 2. The company was mustered into the United-
States service, September 23.

COMPANY G.

Company G was formed by the union of four squads of re-
cruits, enlisted by nine different recruiting-officers, chiefly in
the towns of Jaffrey, Keene", Dublin, and Stoddard. All of the
ninety-four men composing the original company were residents
of Cheshire County. C. Fred. Webster brought forty-eight
men, thirty-six of whom he enlisted at Jaffrey, and twelve who
were enlisted at Dublin by Henry C. Piper. Solon A. Carter
recruited twenty-eight men at Keene ; and Rev. Samuel L.
Gerould brought twelve from Stoddard (one of whom was
rejected by the surgeon), ten of whom he recruited, and two
being enlistments of Silas Dinsmore. Three of the remaining
seven were enlisted by Frank T. Barker of Westmoreland,
two by Joel Bullard of Alstead, and one each by Artemas M.
Adams of Walpole, and George R. Dinsmoor of Keene.

Of the ninety-seven officers and men, thirty-six were residents
of Jaffrey, thirty of Keene, thirteen of Dublin, eleven of Stod-
dard, two of Alstead, and one each from Rindge, Winchester,
Surry, Westmoreland, and Nelson. A number of men enlisted
by C. Fred. Webster were turned over to an officer of the Tenth
Regiment: the remainder of the company was recruited for the
Fourteenth. Twenty-one recruits afterward joined the com-
pany, six of whom were drafted men or substitutes: four of the
six deserted the evening of the day of their arrival in camp, and
the other two in less than four months. No volunteer in the
company ever deserted.

Of the volunteer recruits, eleven were from Keene, two from
Winchester, and one each from Peterborough and Jaffrey.

36 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Omitting the six substitutes, all of whom were deserters, one
hundred and twelve men may be properly considered as the
actual membership of Company G. Forty-six of this number
were twenty-one years of age or under at their enlistment, and
seventeen were over thirty-five years: the average age of the
company at enlistment was twenty-six years and six months.

The first enlistments of the original company were made
August 9, 1862 ; and all the company but two were enlisted
between that date and August 31, 1862 : one was recruited
September 4, 1862, and one September 23, 1862.

The occupations of the men, previous to enlistment, were
reported in their enlistment papers as follows: farmers, forty-
three; mechanics, sixteen; laborers, nine; butchers, five; clerks,
four; painters, three; two each of merchants, shoemakers, and
coopers; and one each of the following: gas-superintendent,
clergyman, lawyer, student, cigar-maker, dyer, brickmaker, pail-
turner, baker, confectioner, and brakeman.

The squad of recruits enlisted at Jaffrey began their drilling
about the 15th of August at East Jaffrey, and continued during
the month. On the 9th of September they were joined b}^ the
squad from Dublin, and went into camp in tents on the com-
mon at East Jaffrey ; C. Fred. Webster, F. L. Tolman, after-
wards major, and Col. James L. Bolster, acting as drill-mas-
ters. A drummer and fifer, who had rendered noted service in
the days of the old militia, furnished the music ; and the facing
and dressing, marching and countermarching, which were daily
gone through with, are said to have been entertaining to the
spectators, instructive to the recruits, and astonishing to the
children.

On the 11th of September the united squads came to Keene
in teams, having been ordered into camp at that place by the
adjutant-general of the State. Bringing their tents with them,
they immediately went into camp on the "Elliot lot," near the
Fair Ground, where they remained until their departure for
Concord. The Keene squad marched up to their camp a few
times; and the two squads were drilled there together, by
James H. Elliot and others. The Keene squad was also drilled

>URG. W. H. Thayer.

Asst. Surg. M. Peri.

Asst. Surg. F. C. Weeks.

Adjt. L. W. Wright.

Q. M., Wm. A. Hearc

Chaplain E. T. Rowe.

Staff Officers.

LEAVING HOME. 37

once or twice in the facings and step in Gymnasium Hall, by-
Col. William Dinsmoor. The time was so short between the
enlistment of most of the Keene men and their departure for
Concord, that they can hardly be said to have had any drill.

At one o'clock in the afternoon of September 18, 1862, the
two squads, numbering about eighty-five men, started from Cen-
tral Square in single, double, and four horse teams for Con-
cord, via Hillsborough Bridge. A large concourse of relatives,
friends, and citizens had gathered to witness their departure ;
whose kind words and good wishes relieved in a measure the
sadness of what was, to many, their first parting from home and
friends. Hillsborough Bridge was reached at six o'clock p.m. ;
the men being quartered at Greenleaf's Hotel, sleeping in the
hall. The evening was devoted to singing and story-telling,
and the height of all the men was taken. The Stoddard squad
of twelve had arrived a few hours before, and occupied tents
that night, pitched in a field near the hotel.

This squad was recruited chiefly by Rev. Samuel L. Gerould,
who first enlisted himself, and then said " Come." On the
18th of September they assembled at the village hotel, where
teams were in waiting to carry them to Hillsborough Bridge.
There were also gathered the wives, fathers, mothers, children,
and friends of the enlisted men. It was no common sight, even
in those days, for a clergyman to leave his pulpit and enter the
ranks. After the men were loaded into the teams, Mr. Gerould
made a few remarks, saying they were going forth at the call of
duty, not knowing who would return, and inviting the audience
of two hundred or more to join him in prayer for those who
were going out and for those left behind. There were few dry
eyes in the assembly as the teams moved away.

On the morning of the 19th the company formed in front of
the hotel at eight o'clock, and marched to the depot ; the streets
being lined with citizens of the town, who exhibited their good
wishes by' presenting many beautiful bouquets. The train left
the depot amid the cheers of those assembled, arriving at Con-
cord at 10.30 a.m. From the depot the company marched to
the State-House yard, when a short rest was taken, and from

38 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

there to the quartermaster's storehouse, where there were issued
to each man a woollen blanket, knife, fork, spoon, tin cup, and
plate. The company then marched to the camp- ground, arriv-
ing there about half-past eleven, and were assigned quarters in
barracks No. 9. For the first two days in camp the men were
most of the time on their knees, cutting brush and stubble
about their barracks and company street.

The captain having made a detail of a sergeant and four men
to demolish a board fence near the camp of the Thirteenth
Regiment to procure boards to build a cook-house, they started
with axes to do their work, which was soon completed. As
they were about to gather up their plunder, a guard of the
Thirteenth appeared, arrested the party, and took them to the
tent of Col. Stevens, who had ordered the arrest. " Well, boys,
you've got under arrest pretty early in your military career,
haven't you?" After an explanation had been made, they
were permitted to depart with their lumber, but told not to
come again.

The amount of baggage that most men brought to Concord,
which in their innocence and ignorance they supposed was
somehow to be transported for them during their term of ser-
vice, was something alarming. One man, who had followed
the sea, brought his sailor's chest, and was often jokingly
asked, what kind of a knapsack he was going to have to carry
it in. He had always carried it at sea, and had an abiding
faith that some way would be provided in the army.

On Monday, the 22d of September, the company were exam-
ined by Surgeon Thayer, one man only being rejected. The
same afternoon all who could not show a good scar were vac-
cinated. Few who underwent the operation have ever had any
difficulty since in convincing those who cared to examine, that
they had been vaccinated ; and if " the larger the scar the less
liable to contract the disease " is a safe medical maxim, there
was some consolation for the poor fellows who carried a sore
arm for months in the thought that they had absolute immunity
from small-pox.

On the 23d the company was mustered into the United-States

AN IMPASSIONED SPEECH. 39

service ; and the next day the men drew a part of their uniform,
and were granted a furlough of one week. Five men of each
company remained in camp to look after affairs in the absence
of the regiment. The only incident of the week was the rumor
that the Twelfth Regiment who would not be comforted
because they could not have Tom Whipple for their colonel
were coming over to burn our barracks the night before their
departure from the State. Major Duncan, having heard the
rumor in the city, came to camp, and ordered a guard placed
about the barracks and a careful watch kept all night. No
trouble occurred, however ; the Twelfth contenting themselves
with building huge bonfires in their own company streets, and
shouting without a moment's cessation during the entire night,
" Whipple ! " " Whipple ! " " We want Whipple."

No election of company officers was held ; it being generally
understood who they were to be, and the arrangement being
satisfactory to the men. The non-commissioned officers were
elected by the company on the 2d of October, though not with
the same feeling or results that were reported to have existed
in another company, where every enlisted man but one was
said to have been promised a sergeant's warrant. The lone
private, on being asked how it happened that he was not
expecting any office, innocently replied that he "forgot to ask
for any thing when he enlisted."

Few can have forgotten the afternoon spent at the State
House in the old House of Representatives, when our allotment
of pay was made. Many have often recalled " Uncle " Peter
Sanborn's impassioned speech on the terrible havoc made by the
" army worm," and it would have been well for the regiment
if his good advice had been heeded. Haversacks, canteens, and
rubber blankets were issued to the company October 10.

At the date of enlistment the following bounties were paid,
other companies receiving the same except the amount of town
bounty, which varied in the different towns: United-States
bounty, one hundred dollars, twenty-five dollars was paid at
enlistment, and seventy-five on muster out. State bounty, fifty
dollars. In addition to the above, nearly every town offered a

40 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

bounty. In Keene the town bounty was one hundred and fifty
dollars, to which was added a " citizens' bounty " of fifty dol-
lars, making the total bounty at time of enlistment in Keene
two hundred and seventy-five dollars.

COL. ROBERT WILSON.

Robert Wilson, first colonel of the Fourteenth Regiment New
Hampshire Volunteers, son of James Wilson and Elizabeth
(Little) Wilson, was born in Peterborough, N.H., September
24, 1811, and lived at Peterborough till 1815, when (with his
parents) he removed to Keene. The grandfather of Col. Wilson,
Major Robert Wilson, served with distinction during the Revo-
lutionary war. Col. Wilson was graduated at Amherst College,
August 22, 1832. He at once commenced the study of law with
his father, a noted lawyer of that time, and remained in his office
about two years, when, being appointed United-States surveyor,
he went West, and remained some time surveying government
lands. In 1835 he was appointed, by Gov. William Badger,
inspector of the Fifth Regiment, N. H. Militia, but, being at that
time in the West, did not accept the position ; soon, however,
returning home, he was appointed by Gov. Badger lieutenant-
colonel Twentieth Regiment, N. H. Militia ; and on September
4, 1837, he was appointed by Gov. Hill colonel of the same
regiment. August 3, 1838, he was appointed by Gov. Hill
division inspector of third division, N. H. Militia. The 25th of
August, 1848, he was commissioned captain of the old Keene
Light Infantry, in which company he had always taken great
interest. For several years he was chief engineer of the Keene
Fire-Department. On the 24th of September, 1861, he was mar-
ried to Mrs. Rosabel H. Burt. During the fall of 1862, at the
special request of the governor of the State, he commenced the
formation of the Fourteenth Regiment, New Hampshire Volun-
teers, and on September 19, 1862, was commissioned its colonel.
April 20, 1864, he was appointed to the command of the district

LIEUT. -COL. BARKER. 41

of Carrollton, La. On the 7th of June, 1864, he was placed in
command of the second brigade, second division, Nineteenth
Army Corps, which position he held till the brigade was ordered
to Algiers, La., for transportation North. He was honorably
discharged from the service on surgeon's certificate of disability,
September 6, 1864. When Col. Wilson retired from the service,
Gen. Birge wrote a complimentary letter concerning him to the
governor of New Hampshire.

From the time of his discharge till his death, which occurred
in Keene, April, 1870, he was much interested, in spite of his
declining health, in the affairs of his town, being foremost in
the bringing of water into Keene from Goose Pond. In 1869,
the year prior to his death, he represented Keene in the State
legislature. He was a man of massive build, and in his youth
was noted for great strength, stories about which have often
appeared in the New-Hampshire papers.

He left a widow but no children.

LIBUT.-COL. T. A. BARKER.

Tileston A. Barker was born in Westmoreland, N.H., April
18, 1807. Benjamin and Abigail, his father and mother, lived
upon a farm, and raised a family of eleven children ; and, not
being blessed with a competence, Col. Barker was compelled
at an early age to push out and do for himself. With a limited
common-school education, he located in his native town, and com-
menced manufacturing boots and shoes. While engaged in this
pursuit he married Semira Albee of Chesterfield, N.H., who bore
him three sons, two of whom are now living, Col. Fred A.
Barker of Keene, N.H., and Capt. Frank T. Barker of Bradford,
Penn. : the youngest died in infancy. His widow resides at the
old homestead. After following the pursuit of his adopted
trade for many years, he relinquished it to engage in the mer-
cantile trade in the same town, and, while thus occupied, was
appointed mail-agent from Boston to Burlington, and held the
office for eight years, under the administrations of Franklin
Pierce and James Buchanan. He was active and energetic in

42 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

town affairs, and was well and favorably known throughout the
county and State. Of a genial disposition and pleasing address,
he won hosts of friends, but was not without political enemies ;
for in business matters his honesty and integrity were never
questioned. He was for eleven years doorkeeper of the House
of Representatives ; for five years represented his town in the
legislature; was elected State senator in 1872, and re-elected
in 1873. Previous to these dates he served on the staff of Gov.
Hubbard. From his majority upwards he was a great lover of
military affairs, and the old State militia found in him an enthu-
siastic supporter. The fife and drum were his favorite band-
instruments, and "Yankee Doodle" his favorite tune. For
many years he commanded " Westmoreland Light Infantry,"
better known, perhaps, as " Old West Light."

But the old militia laws were repealed, and New Hampshire
left without a military organization. While in this deplorable
condition the country was called "to arms;" and Col. Barker
colored his gray locks black, and denying his age, which was
fifty-four, offered his services to the State, and, with a company
he had recruited, was commissioned captain, and mustered into
the three-months' service. Later on himself and company re-
enlisted, and were mustered into the Second Regiment, N. H.
Vols., Co. A. While in the fighting Second he was engaged in
the battles of Bull Run, Malvern Hill, the Seven-days' fight,
before Richmond, and Williamsburg. During this service he
was appointed major of the Sixth N. H. Vols., and would have
accepted but for Major-Gen. Hooker, who persuaded him to
remain with his old regiment. Still later, when the Fourteenth
Regiment, New Hampshire Vols., was being organized, he was
appointed lieutenant-colonel, and in that capacity served until
the close of the war, when he returned to his home, somewhat
broken down in health, and quietly enjoyed his remaining
years. Blessed with a rugged constitution, he knew but little
of sickness ; but it came at last, and brought an incurable
disease : when apprised of its nature, he said to those around
him, "I would like to live a little longer; but I have lived to
a good old age, and always enjoyed myself. I don't complain ;

MAJOR S. A. DUNCAN. 43

but, when the time comes, I pray God I may fall asleep." And
so it was : in the city of Keene, at his son's residence, on the
morning of December 7, 1879, Col. Tileston A. Barker closed
his eyes in the sleep that knows no waking. Col. Barker was
buried in Westmoreland with Masonic honors, he being a mem-
ber of the Knights Templars.

MAJOR S. A. DUNCAN.

Samuel Augustus Duncan was born at Plainfield, N.H., June
19, 1836. He was graduated at Dartmouth College in 1858,
with the highest honors. In September, 1862, he was commis-
sioned major of the Fourteenth, holding that position through
the summer of '63, when the regiment was engaged in provost
duty at Washington. In September of the same year he
became colonel of the Fourth Regiment U. S. Colored Infantry.
In this capacity he was a remarkably brilliant commander,
meeting with great success, and winning deserved and lasting
fame. Col. Duncan and his colored troops were highly praised
by Gen. Butler in his General Orders of October, 1864. In the
examination for officers for the colored troops before the Mili-
tary Board in July, 1863, Col. (then major) Duncan passed for
colonel in Class 1, ranking first out of about two hundred
examinations. He successively occupied the positions of major,
colonel, brigadier-general, and major-general. Major Duncan
was an ornament to the Fourteenth, and fairly representative
of the best material it contained. The colored regiment, of
which he became colonel, rendered gallant service under his
leadership, and was deservedly praised for its efficiency. One
occasion on which they showed great bravery, was at the attack
on Battery Harrison, September 29, 1864, in which Col. Duncan
was severely wounded in the ankle, and obliged to retire from
field-service for several months in consequence of his injuries.
He rejoined his command in North Carolina, taking part in the
expedition against Wilmington, and subsequently joined Sher-
man in his movements against Raleigh and Gen. Johnston. He
had local commands in North Carolina afterwards, and in the

44 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

fall and winter commanded the line of forts surrounding: Wash-
ington, and on the northern bank of the Potomac. After the
close of the war he was for a time a special agent in the war
department, and for some years after that one of the principal
examiners in the United-States Pension Office.

On the evening of the 19th of September, the last company
and squad had arrived. It was a good-natured, chaotic mass of
volunteers, retaining sufficient independence in some of its
squads, to declare that they would not go into certain com-
panies, or even in that regiment, unless they were guaranteed
their " rights." The men were nominally still in charge of the
recruiting-officers, and not a subsequent officer was then entitled
to command not having been commissioned or mustered.
Major Samuel A. Duncan was the first field-officer qualified to
assume general command ; and he appeared, and began the work
of consolidation and discipline. There ensued a kind of anom-
alous, tentative period before the company officers were clad in
their authority. When that was accomplished, a great many
members of the regiment saw a great many things in a differ-
ent light from that of a few weeks or even days before. The
squad barters having been concluded, and the ranks of the dif-
ferent companies being filled to the number required, the mus-
tering into the service of the United States was effected by
Capt. Holmes of the regular army between the 22d and 24th
of September, although some scattering recruits were mustered
as late as October 14. At the time of muster the men received
trousers and blouses, so that the citizen became visibly trans-
formed to the soldier; and the attire of civil life was laid aside
by nearly all for three years, and by a large number forever.
Previous to muster the men were given a taste of camp-life in
the line of police-duty, and a good deal of awkward squad-drill-
ing was indulged in.

September 21 a furlough of one week was announced, and a
large proportion of the members returned to their homes for the

REGIMENTAL PROPHETS. 45

final visit and adieu. When, at the end of the week, the
barracks were again filled, the mess-gatherings were not so
jovial. The serious business of war loomed up before us as an
imminent and dread reality. It was near enough to engender
more of thoughtfulness than characterized the first merry holi-
day assembling of the battalion. Then it was that the imagina-
tive prophets launched the regiment on the limitless expanse of
speculation. Our destination, when we should see the first
encounter, how many would be killed, whether or not we should
get down South before the Rebellion was put down, the military
qualities of McClellan, the probable freeing of the slaves, the
comparative merits of certain officers in the regiment, these
were a few of the questions mooted and irrevocably settled in
advance by the knowing ones. Most of the men were much
better posted in the science and probabilities of war than they
pretended to be two years later.

October 5 the Fourteenth witnessed the presentation of the
colors to the Thirteenth Regiment, which departed the next
day for the seat of war ; the Twelfth having gone more than a
week previously. Monday, October 6, was a memorable day in
the history of the Fourteenth. It was the occasion of the first
battalion drill and dress-parade. Col. Robert Wilson appeared
for the first time to assume command ; and Lieut.-Col. T. A.
Barker was also in the field, aiding the green officers by his
experience. The men were serene in their ignorance of tactics;
but ambitious officers of the line, who had been cramming
Casey for a fortnight, were in a vertebral cold-shiver tempera-
tare. They were very familiar with Casey, in a book ; but it
did not take much time to impress them with the difference
between tactics on paper and tactics on the drill-ground. There
is something magical in the illusiveness of tactics when a fresh
pair of shoulder-straps attempts to pin them down to any given
manoeuvre. That the men got into a snarl, a tangle, a double
and twisted, inextricable tactical knot, is tame delineation.
That drill caused a good deal of serious reflection, while it was
manifest that the Fourteenth contained some of as good mate-
rial for command as any battalion could desire.

46 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

The dress-parade was a curiosity. The regiment was with-
out arms, and could not present a very threatening or even
imposing appearance. The colonel, when the parade was
formed, could not exercise his men in the manual. It may be
questioned whether the possession of muskets that day would
have inured to the credit of the organization, as the order,
" Support arms ! " might have brought a right-shoulder shift
from the right wing, and a reverse arms from the left. In all
this the Fourteenth was not different from other green regi-
ments. All hands were glad when the parade was ended. The
next attempt was a marked improvement; and both officers and
men rapidly developed that facility in formation and evolution
which, with less intelligent troops, is only acquired by a much
severer discipline and more protracted exercise. It is to be
observed, however, that in no case can high excellence in
evolution or manual be attained in a brief space of time.

ON GUARD.

The initiatory rite by which the citizen was practically trans-
formed to the soldier was the detail for guard-duty. We
refer to camp-guard primarily, for here it was that the fresh-
dubbed knight stood forth in all his consequential dimensions.
He was, perhaps, prepared for this responsible service by liberal
assignments to "policing ;" but nothing ever created so much
disgust per capita, to the unfledged volunteer, as what was
known in camp discipline as police-duty. " I enlisted to put
down the Rebellion, not to pick up garbage, sweep streets, clean
out sinks, and mow brush ! " Now, this high-toned, fastidious
palladium of the Union learned a great many things in the
course of three years; and, before "the cruel war was over," he
was far readier to clean out a sink than to fight a battle.
Besides, it was a curious fact, that those who, at home, devoted
their manly powers to the most ignoble occupations, were most
outspoken in their protests against menial service in the army.
But guard-duty was another matter. It flattered the green
recruit, and we were all green at first ; though one month after

Capt. G. T. Blanchard.

Caft. Chas. P. Hall.

Capt. Frank T. Barker.

Lieut. John L. King. Lieut. Chas. G. Howard.

Company a Officers.

VK.v\-m% m\ u>., ov\o*.

SOME LUDICROUS FEATURES. 47

muster, such were the marvellous developments, there were
none but veterans in the entire command.

It was a striking phenomenon, the rapidity with which the
citizen matured into the experienced campaigner ; and there was
nothing like guard-duty to ripen him. As he sat in his mess,
munching his first hard-tack, and soaking his beard with his
coffee, he told stories of army experience, amply sufficient to
cover all the campaigns from Lodi to Waterloo, or from Bull
Run to Appomattox. It was rare amusement for the genuine
veteran to behold the burlesque performances of a new battalion,
when, at nine-o'clock "guard-mounting," it developed all the
grotesqueness of unpractised service, a farce in one act, last-
ing twenty-four hours, to be repeated next day with slight
modifications in the way of doubtful improvement.

In the realm of greenness there was unquestioned democracy,
for officers and men vied with each other in tangling all move-
ments and bungling every ceremony. It was a trying ordeal to
those officers who desired to show off uniform, sash, Damascus
blade, and a form of Achilles to the best advantage. Those
who were cool enough to perpetrate a gross blunder, and act as
though it were the correct thing, became at once popular all
along the line; while he who came very near to tactical exact-
ness, though somewhat nervous and hesitating in execution,
was voted " no military man."

Who can forget the first night on guard in the camp at Con-
cord ? Arms had not been issued, and a few old worthless mus-
kets were secured with which to give a semblance of prowess to
the camp-guard ; but there were so few of these obsolete weap-
ons, that each relief was marched out unarmed, and the soldier
on duty surrendered his musket with the beat to his successor.
The first attempts at camp-guard duty were counted a good
joke ; and really it amounted to no more, for it was the baldest
piece of soldierly masquerading that could well be imagined.
The men were not even uniformed, and the regiment had not
entered upon its martial dignity sufficiently to give an imposing
character to any of its performances. The guard was chiefly
set as a discipline for the troops, that they might become famil-

48 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

iarized with the routine of the first dut}^ likely to be imposed in
actual service. But nobody appeared to know exactly how to
mount, set, relieve, or comprehensively to manipulate, a camp-
guard.

Great things were expected from those of the rank and file,
not mentioning commissioned officers, who had served for a time
earlier in the war as three-months' men, or otherwise ; but the
fact was, that no one talked more or knew less than the average
"returned soldier" in the second year of the Rebellion. One
of these battle-scarred, sanguinary heroes of Bull Run used to
gravely inform gaping crowds at home that " flying artillery "
was a battery which fired at the enemy while " on the dead
run." All over the North, in 1862, these returned soldiers
boasted of their achievements, and hinted at their military in-
sight with more of unction than animated Miles Standish as he
recounted his exploits in Flanders. Their deeds of prowess
"would be argument for a week, laughter for a month, and
a good jest forever." Now, it was scarcely possible to organ-
ize a regiment in the summer or fall of the year referred to,
without finding that the enlistment-net had dragged in few
or several of these some of them uncanny fish, or eels,
if their slippery nature be considered ; for, with a surprising
celerity, the same dubious patriots soon slipped out of these,
as they had from former regiments : and, as by miracle, recov-
ering from diseases upon which discharges had been procured,
many of them were found mustered in battalions subsequently
raised.

" The bearings of these observations lays in the application
on 'em," and it were a libel upon thousands of noble men to
intimate that they were subjects of the picture herein drawn.
We confine our remarks strictly to those who are fairly por-
trayed in the above description, and the originals are easily
recalled. Such were more intractable than the greenest of
greenhorns ; for they knew altogether too much to be taught,
and too little to do any thing correctly. And thus it occurred,
that in the first essay at martial exercises, namely, camp-guard
at Concord, the few war-worn veterans whose names sprinkled

RUNNING THE GUARD. 49

the rolls of the Fourteenth were of small utility in forwarding
discipline and securing precision.

If the boys were in any exigency for a new device for "rais-
ing Cain," this mammoth camp-guard frolic met every demand.
The cordon was stretched around the barracks with the osten-
sible aim of preventing the men from going, without leave of
absence, to the city. But the stringency and effectiveness of
the sentry-line can now be recalled with wonder. Sentries fre-
quently could not see a man leaving camp, for the excellent
reason that they were walking the other way ; a guard who was
unable to read writing was overwhelmed with a suspicious
number of passes, which never saw the commanding officer's
headquarters ; there was an unconscionable number of officers'
orderlies and servants going on pressing errands for their mas-
ters ; while those guards who were of high integrity, and sternly
intent upon doing their full duty, were tortured, just after
nightfall, by seeing one after another of their daring comrades
mask their faces and coolly run the guard, while they had nei-
ther a musket nor a disposition to effectually halt them.

But the attempt to keep the men out was far more successful
than the opposite endeavor, for the spirit of mischief supple-
mented the letter of the law ; and on several nights of low tem^
perature, at the witching midnight hour, homeward-bound con-
viviality had time to cool outside the lines, while all the red
tape in the regulations, and considerably more, was gone through
with : and the end of that night's frolic was occasionally the
guard-house, and not the coveted barrack's bunk.

It is at Offutt's Cross Roads, and especially at Poolesville,
that we find our freshman guardsman advanced to the sopho-
moric period. He has learned a thing or two, and is deftly
paying off camp-grudges on some of the non-commissioned
officers ; for woe to the corporal who has charge of a relief with
two or three privates in it who have a spite to gratify. That
unhappy corporal is kept running the entire two hours ; or, when
he temporarily takes the beat of a private, said private is in no
haste to return to his post, and, when he does resume it, another
is ready to utilize the two-chevroned, miserable magnate of the

50 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

relief. These are times when the welkin is made to ring by
the stentorian bawling, " Corprul the guard post twenty-one,"
reiterated, re-echoed, and intensified by every sentry round the
line, and kept flying until the corporal is distracted, and isn't
a bit proud of his rank. The sergeant of the guard, also, was
somehow, in those days, made to do a good deal of camp-
running.

Another feature of this undergraduate guard-duty or instruc-
tion period was the custom of the members of each relief to
sleep in their own bunks; so that, when the third and first
reliefs were to be called at one and three o'clock in the morn-
ing, the corporal must go through each company street, visit
the tents, and wake up his men. If he had fifteen men to rouse,
he was quite certain, if ordinarily smart, to stir up at least
thirty wrong and wrathful warriors; and he never failed to
evolve a hundred curses per man : so that by the time he got his
relief together, some of them having to be called two or three
times, the corporal was in a happy frame, which was much
enhanced by the objurgations of each of the old relief, who had
stood on their posts fifteen or twenty minutes over time.

A pretty feature of Poolesville guard-duty was the unac-
countable custom, which sergeants and corporals of the guard
affected, of carrying ramrods while on duty. It was as near as
they could get to wearing a sword, and was vastly handier than
lugging a musket. These and other violations of regulations
and discipline were tolerated during the first months of service
principally through ignorance ; but by the time Camp Adiron-
dack was occupied, in 1863, all the nonsense of this duty was
banished, the reliefs were kept together, discipline was enforced,
and there was no more exact or efficient guard-duty performed
in all the Union armies than that which was done in camp and
in most responsible stations of every kind by the Fourteenth
Regiment. The arduous duties in the city of Washington
tested, not only the endurance and the discipline, but the high
morale of the regiment ; and it is a part of our high heritage to
remember that no troops which occupied the national capital
won more flattering encomiums.

GROWTH OF A REGIMENT. 51

The Oltl-Capitol Prison, Navy-yard Bridge, Central Guard-
house, south end of Long Bridge, Benning's Bridge, Sixth-
street Wharf, G-street Wharf, and all the departments of the
government, together with numerous other localities and expe-
ditions, were witnesses to the hard and faithful work of the
Fourteenth Regiment. It may be of interest to those who
served there, to mention that the Central Guard-house and the
quarters at the south end of Long Bridge are in almost exactly
the same condition as when occupied by our detachments nine-
teen years ago. Most of the other familiar spots are much
changed, although large sections of Washington are as they
were in the stirriug era of the war. In an active campaign, no
such thing as camp-guard is needed : the men are quite glad to
remain in camp if a spot is occupied long enough to dignify it
with the name of camp, and foraging and picket-duty furnish
all needed outside excitement. But, through all vicissitudes,
the veteran looks back with amused interest to the awkward-
squad period ; and camp-guard reminiscences are worth cherish-
ing as a portion of a trying and wonderfully varied experience.

The early development of regimental life is a series of sur-
prises, and this continues until even novelty becomes monoto-
nous. The new-fledged soldier finds his old habits curbed at
every turn, and strange requisitions constantly made upon his
intelligence and endurance. The minor experiences of the
initiatory camp are replete with interest and amusement. Per-
sonal peculiarities are not masked in a military uniform. And
so it transpired in the camp at Concord, that all imaginable
traits were developed. Before officers were elected, a phenom-
enal generosity was witnessed. It must have been the rigors
of camp discipline which operated to check the effusive benefi-
cence when it was determined just who were to wear shoulder-
straps and carry swords. Into one company barracks was
ushered a mammoth box of doughnuts, and the boys were made
welcome by the public-spirited importer direct from the home

52 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

kitchen. There were interesting pranks played; and, in both a
serious and jovial sense, each day was crowded full of activity
and adventure.

One man, who became diurnally inspired with wakefulness at
the wrong end of the day, and whose extraordinary oratorical
powers were easily stimulated, and far exceeded his intelligence,
was ready every night, after taps, to spread his stentorian notes
throughout the company barracks. He continued the perform-
ance for a week, when a young man interfered. That young
volunteer learned a lesson which ought to have sufficed for two
wars. He was foolish enough to believe that night was in-
tended for sleep, and that boisterous privates were amenable to
military rules. He discovered his mistake. Being urged by
some of the best men in the company, who were smart enough
not to go themselves, he reported the war-dance to the lieu-
tenant in command. His amiability was not increased by a
disturbance of his midnight nap, but he sent back orders for
private Congdon to " shut up ! " Private Congdon responded
to the order with a blasphemous blessing upon the lieutenant's
head, and a material increase of his hullabaloo. Another report
to the lieutenant by the exasperated youth, which drew forth
the order, " Tell the sergeant that if he don't stop his noise to
put him in the guard-house." The pow-wow deepened ; and the
vociferous Congdon was marched off to the guard-house, which
he transformed into a bedlam until near morning.

But the dinoument was an humiliating commentary on the
virtue of that youth. The aforesaid Congdon was a favorite of
the lieutenant : in fact, the private had been efficient in assuring
the shoulder-straps. In the morning, after the imprisoned man
arrived at a realizing sense of his situation, he was furious in
his wrath, and confronted the sergeant, who referred him to the
lieutenant who gave the orders for confinement. The lieutenant
had so short a memory, that he solemnly averred that no such
order had been given by him. The result was, that the youthful
complainant was himself marched off to the guard-house for
communicating the order. A victim had been found : the
lieutenant was exculpated, the private was placated. In

RIDICULOUS CONTRIBUTIONS. 53

another company a more modest performer contented himself
with going through the barracks and stripping the blankets
from the men three or four times during the night.

In the fitting out of a volunteer regiment for active service,
neither the State nor National governments appeared to take a
leading part. First came the family friends with several scores
of absolutely indispensable articles, such as thimble, scissors,
paper of pins, a needle-book with all sizes of needles, several
spools of thread, a big ball of yarn for darning, some went so
far as to put in a bundle of patches, buttons, bandages, these
were a few of the motherly, wifely, or sisterly tokens, tucked
away in the soldier's knapsack. Then outside friends brought
their offerings, among them cases of medicine for self-doctoring;
tourniquets for the stoppage of blood-flow ; havelocks, handker-
chiefs, etc. Masculine admirers, who had a sanguinary idea of
soldiering, for others, contributed their addition to the outfit
in the shape of enormous pocket-knives containing a complete
kit of tools ; dirks ; revolvers with bullet-mould and powder-flask.
A knife-fork-and-spoon contrivance was a trophy for the more
favored ones. Yet this was only a beginning. While in camp
at Concord, the money obtained easily was expended lavishly.
Innumerable knick-knacks, as useless as numerous, were laid in
store. One of the favorite articles of outfit was the steel-plated
vest, a garment into which a pair of heavy iron breast-plates
were to be slipped when going into action, at other times to be
carried in the knapsack. When the paraphernalia enumerated
above was all arranged, and mounted on the soldier's back, a
giant would succumb to such a load on a moderate march. It
is not to be inferred that a majority of the regiment so ridicu-
lously handicapped themselves, but many did ; and nearly all
packed their knapsacks with a medley which would have been
judged absurd by themselves when settled down to genuine
campaign work.

The regular outfit of the regiment was issued in parcels.
October 9, rubber blankets and haversacks were drawn from the
quartermaster. The day following, the State bounty of fifty dol-

FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

lars was paid. The town bounties were paid by agents from the
several towns, who paid the men as soon as they were accepted
and mustered. The United-States bounty was paid on the same
conditions. On the 15th guns and equipments were supplied ;
and this was the day when, according to rumor, the Fourteenth
was to leave the State : but rumor then, as generally in a mili-
tary camp, was entirely at fault ; for a third of a month elapsed
before the order came. On the urgent recommendation of Peter
Sanborn, State treasurer, the allotment system was adopted by a
large proportion of the men, whereby from eight to ten dollars
a month were reserved from their wages by the paymaster, and
paid to the friends at home to whom the allotment was made.
This plan resulted in a considerable check on the reckless ex-
penditure of many in the army. After arms were issued, drill-
ing in both the manual and movements was carried on with more
of vigor and interest ; Lieut.-Col. Barker being generally in com-
mand when the battalion was in line.

Thursday, October 16, was a red-letter day in the organiza-
tion of the Fourteenth. A regiment without colors is a mere
double string of armed men arranged by companies. The
moment a battalion-line is formed, there is an instinctive de-
mand for the colors ; and, after an experience in the greatest
war in history, every veteran will affirm, that the most vivid of
the descriptions of a soldier's devotion to the flag, to the colors
of his regiment, is no poetic fiction, but is quite within the
truth. With full ranks the regiment marched to the city, to
engage in the crowning ceremony of its organization. Mar-
shalled in front of the State House, at parade-rest, the regiment
stood, and listened to the presentation speech of Treasurer
Sanborn. The colors were received for the regiment by Col.
Wilson, without remarks. The command was then prepared
for inspection, in State-house Square, and was carefully in-
spected by Capt. Holmes of the regular army. The Fourteenth
was now as fully prepared for active service as it could be, save
in the somewhat important matter of arms. In response to an
inquiry, Col. Wilson remarked of them, " They are about as
efficient as pitchforks."

TO THE SEAT OF WAR. 55

At seven o'clock, on the morning of Saturday, October 18, the
last line was formed in Camp Cheshire. The great battalion
stretched out, in a magnificent formation; and "by the right
flank, file right," the column moved out to the music, first of
drum-corps, then of the band. It was an interesting spectacle,
to see a thousand soldiers, but yesterday in civil life, march-
ing away from their homes and the dearest objects of existence,
to venture every hardship that a colossal struggle, covering
a thousand battle-fields, involved, with a risk of life that
amounted to a certainty of death for a large number.

The men were loaded, some of them until they staggered ;
and the mile and a half of march to the railroad station was a
fatiguing exercise. At 8.20 the train left Concord, reaching
Worcester at noon, where a brief halt was made. Passing
through Norwich, Conn., the train reached Allyn's Point, on
the Thames, at 5.30 o'clock ; and two hours later the regiment
embarked on the Sound steamer, " City of New York," from
which it landed in Jersey City Sunday morning. Philadelphia
was reached at three P.M. of that day ; and the regiment marched
through the city, taking another train at six o'clock, which ar-
rived in Baltimore early in the morning, on Monday, the 20th.
Leaving Baltimore at nine o'clock, Washington was reached at
five p.m.

The strength of the regiment when it entered the service was
about 970, officers and men: A, 95; B, 97; D, 96; I, 80; C,
100 ; F, 85 ; H, 80 ; K, 85 ; E, 96 ; G, 94. Twenty men were
detailed for the band, under a citizen leader. His salary was
made up by the officers of the regiment. The drum-corps con-
sisted of ten fifers and ten drummers. The pioneer-corps con-
sisted of details of members from the different companies.

TO THE SEAT OF WAR.

There was no demonstration of patriotism more flattering to
the Union soldier of the East than the ovations which awaited
him at every step throughout New England, extending, at first,
even to New York and Philadelphia, as, by train, steamer, and

56 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

brief marches, his regiment moved from the home-camp to the
seat of war. In spontaneity and enthusiasm those tributes were
magnificent; and the cheers of men, the glee of children, with
the smiles and handkerchief-salutes of earnest women, followed
their country's defenders to lonely beat, weary march, and hos-
pital cot, an inspiration whose impulse was not lost until the
lurid fires of war were quenched. It could not have been the
novelty of the spectacle which prompted such overflows of loyal
sentiment, so gratifying to those whose minds were alert and
eager for the active duties of the field, but whose hearts were
heavy over separations which stirred a keener anguish than they
ever knew before. This festive greeting and Godsend was one
of the most exhilarating novelties of an experience that was
novel in all its phases until the dread monotonies of war brought
too many organizations into a routine where even death ceased
to attract attention. The ovations we mention were worthy of
the great people whose national future was to be determined by
the glistening bayonets gathering from State-camps, and con-
verging on the great salient lines of conflict. They were on a
scale commensurate with the resources and patriotism of the
country; and they engendered a grateful sentiment among the
troops, not dissipated while the forces of the Rebellion stood in
wicked array against government and right.

Loaded to the last limit of endurance, knapsacks and other
trappings weighing nearly, or quite, fifty pounds, the men
marched from the home-camp to the station, and embarked in
good passenger-coaches. The train was no lightning-express,
nothing more than a respectable freight for speed, a fact
quite agreeable to the soldier-boy who was never before fifty
miles from his native hearth, and who now got an idea of the
home circle which never occurred to him before. The more
venturesome among the men soon perched themselves on top
of the cars, where, with song and jest, and a general, sometimes
roistering, jollity, they saluted or bantered everybody within
reach of their voices.

On these expeditions, as in all movements of volunteer troops,
there were those who always stood out prominently as spokes-

I'. C. W .HODGDON.

Lieut. W. H. Sargent.

Lieut. Stark Fello

Lieut. R. F. Smith.

Lieut. Chas. O. Cragin.

!N N. Brown.

Company D Officers.

SCENES OF THE JOURNEY. 57

men, representing, or oftener misrepresenting, the better ele-
ment, unobtrusive character, and sentiment of the great body of
the regiment. But all rudeness and uncouth manners were
overlooked by good-natured and sympathetic crowds in a mood
to forgive any thing but the colossal treason behind the war,
which, in the same breath, welcomed for the first and bid adieu
for the last time, greeting men they never saw before and would
never see again. During the first year of the war, liberal and
choice refreshments were dispensed wherever the volunteers
stopped en route for the front : but the drains were so heavy, the
calls so varied and frequent, that somewhere the lavish outgo
must be curtailed ; and the regiments entering service in 1862
were not feasted so generously on their outward passage as-
were their predecessors.

It was the good fortune of many new regiments to have their
transportation varied by a steamer passage for a portion of the
distance. Many a full battalion marched upon the decks of some
magnificent sound, lake, or river boat, not one-quarter of whose
membership had ever previously seen a steamboat of any size.
The revelations, the surprises, the lessons treasured forever, of
such a trip, in the case of a susceptible youth, cannot be pictured,
nor even imagined. The night voyage over Long- Island Sound ;
the meeting with other steamers ; the passing of sailing craft of
all kinds ; distant lighthouses and ships ; a light-spangled city
on a distant shore, round which the fertile imagination clustered
all sorts of romantic situations and incidents; the broad, far-
stretching shimmer of the full moon, transforming the wonder-
ful sheet of rippling water into a fairy sea, glorious and unreal ;
the strange, phosphorescent wake of the great, throbbing palace,
which went skimming along into the dim, silent, mysterious dis-
tance ; away to the right the six masts of the " Great Eastern,"
revealing the fact that a glimpse had been secured of that won-
der of navigation, all this without, and the mechanical and
architectural wonders within, filled the mental stomach of the
unsophisticated volunteer with a mass of nourishment, which, in
all probability, is not yet fully digested.

It always happened that orderly-sergeants were obliged to

58 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

revise and shorten their rolls after leaving New York, although
Baltimore was indisputably the banner city for desertions from
loyal regiments passing through. The only loss was in substi-
tutes and bounty-jumpers, who hurried back to serve their coun-
try, briefly, in another regiment, for another bounty. The cause
really gained by such desertions, for any thing was preferable to
the presence of such worthless material in a respectable military
organization.

Transportation from Jersey City was again secured to the
eager troops in good passenger-coaches; and the trip, via the
Camden and Amboy Railroad, was quick and pleasant. Leav-
ing the cars at Camden, opposite Philadelphia, the regiment
crossed the Delaware, in better shape than did Washington in
1777, according to the historic picture. But there was one
point of similarity between the followers of the Father of his
Country, and a Union regiment making an uninterrupted pas-
sage from New England to the front, they were both " power-
ful hungry." There is something appalling in the appetite of a
thousand men after they have taken the longest ride of their
lives ; and there is also that about such a migration prompting
the unoccupied soldier to eat all the time, with no satiety. A
battalion just hungry enough is the most tractable body of men
imaginable ; a little beyond that point the colonel will do well
to tighten his grip and keep them moving ; but, when the stom-
ach begins to clamor loudly, patriotism is but a stammering
whisperer in competition. The reader is respectfully referred
to the article on foraging for more light on this point.

From Camden into Philadelphia was crossing the Rubicon;
and if it be true that

" Hungry judges soon the sentence sign,
And wretches hang that jurymen may dine,"

surely the amiable ferocity of a well-nigh famished regiment is
not to be wondered at, even if it be deplored. But Phila-
delphia ! long may the aroma of her unexampled refreshment
rise to stir grateful memories in " thousands of thousands, and
ten times of thousands," of veterans' breasts! Philadelphia, the

THE FAMOUS COOPER-SHOP. 59

peerless city, shut off all opportunity for any demonstration of
the possibilities residing in a hungry legion. On arriving in the
City of Brotherly Love, a council of war revealed a monotonous
unanimity of empty haversacks all along the line. Even the
Aunt Betties had devoured the last slice of frosted cake, re-
served for the dreadful emergency of this journey ; and the last
mouthful of canned crab-apple had followed : the last dollar of
young Live-while-you-have-it had been left in a sand-bank gro-
cery of " Jarsey," and he stood beside them fumbling his empty
pockets. A general assault on all cheap eating-houses in the
vicinity was just planned when the regiment was ordered to
move, and in five minutes was marched into that grandly his-
toric " cooper-shop," which has rung with the grateful comments
of more than a quarter of a million of the country's defenders,
who therein feasted, to the fill of satisfaction, upon the most
liberal spread laid for volunteers in all the land throughout the
war, with a bountiful overflow with which to replenish forlorn
haversacks. The effect was more than electrical. That im-
mense building, resounding to the tramp of a great battalion,
and full of the rich odor of steaming coffee, was a shrine where
homage and gratitude were evoked in sincerity and plenitude.

The founders of this noble benefaction deserve, jointly and in
severalty, a superlative monumental shaft. The unique and
heartfelt expressions of appreciation uttered between the big
and rapid mouthfuls would amuse and touch all who should
read them could they be gathered up. A pint of excellent cof-
fee, plenty of nice bread and butter, boiled ham and beef, crack-
ers, cheese, and often pickles, constituted a truly royal bill of
fare for clamorous soldier stomachs. Strong men cried like
children as they enjoyed a hospitality which reminded them,
that, though far from home, they were not beyond the friendly
care and consideration of those whose loyalty was thoughtful,
kind, and exceeding tender.

With a cheery swing and merry march, the regiment crossed
the city, and took another train for Baltimore. The City of
Brotherly Love received an emphatic, if not a purely religious,
benediction from the well-fed, high-spirited troop as it left the

60 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

station ; and sincere vows were made that Philadelphia should
never suffer the spoliation of Rebel marauders.

The movement of a regiment from its camp of organization
to the theatre of military operations was tediously slow, unless
one of the periodic panics of " Washington threatened " pressed
every railroad into exclusively military transportation, and sent
every available fragment of troops flying pell-mell to " save the
capital ; '" and it appeared that there was a siding for every
half-mile of main track, and at least one train to be waited for
at each siding. After leaving New Jersey, the enthusiastic
crowds, speeding the nascent champions of the flag on their way
to Yorktown trenches, Chickahominy swamps, Potomac vigils,
or coast expeditions, dwindled down to corner crowds of small
bat boisterous boys and professional loafers. Whether passed
at midnight, as in the case of the Fourteenth, or at mid-day, the
mouth of the Susquehanna famished an episode fruitful of com-
ment long afterward to those who were awake to witness an
entire long train of cars run on a monster ferry-boat at once.
The crossing at Havre-de-Grace, the train being broken into
three sections, was a marvel to the entire command.

The approach to Baltimore was an event memorable in
the history of every regiment during the first two years of the
war. The heroic tragedy of the Sixth Mass. was brought to
mind in every case. But it was a curious phenomenon, that,
when each regiment passed through that suspected city, a riot
was just then peculiarly imminent. At any rate, the Four-
teenth, running into Baltimore at four o'clock in the morning,
was all on the qui vive, apprehensive of an attack by the des-
perate plug-uglies, so notorious in the early days of the great
Rebellion.

Some miles outside the city the train was stopped, and each
man was supplied with two rounds of ball-cartridge, together
with a good deal of official advice from certain line-officers,
which must have come quite directly from the nozzle of a can-
teen. Loud was the defiance to all Baltimore if any demon-
stration was threatened ; and there was considerable argument
as to the propriety of leaving any thing at all standing in the

PASSING THROUGH BALTIMORE. 61

Monumental City, should audacity culminate in any overt act.
Never did two ounces of spherical lead and one hundred grains
of gunpowder per man prove such a comforting opiate to fear
and a corresponding incentive to bravery. There were more
Hectors and Nestors in the smoky cars on that dark morning
than ever rallied on the plains of Troy. And it was one of the
pre-eminently brilliant exploits of our history only equalled
by the brave stand of the picket-post on the Potomac, gallantly
quaking at midnight to repulse an uncommonly large covey of
ducks in its essay to cross the river.

The regiment was armed, and every man was supplied with
ammunition. It was true that the guns were old, third-hand,
condemned smooth-bores ; it was true that the battalion had
never been taught to load and fire ; it was true that not half
the men knew how to load with ball-cartridge ; it was more
than probable, that, in case any firing was indulged in, ten men
would be struck by their comrades where one was hit by a
rioter. All this was reasonably certain. It was a little matter
of no consequence, hardly worth mentioning, no caps were
issued with the ammunition, and not a gun could have been
fired in any emergency. Nevertheless, the command was pano-
plied for the onset ; and there was an invincible host ready to
hurl the gage of battle at the feet of all Baltimore. And those
sanguinary preparations and heroic defiances were ever after
remembered with pride ; for when the train drew into the
dreadful Baltimore station, and arms were grasped for the fray,
there were discovered surrounding the train three negroes, two
drunken sailors, a policeman, and two newsboys prematurely
out of bed.

What a tempest of wrath and unspeakable indignation ! The
regiment had seen the last of commodious passenger-coaches,
and was unceremoniously hustled into a train of baggage-cars.
" Are we cattle, to be used in this way ? " " Do they think,
because we are so far from home, they can use us like hogs ? "
The mood and the comment seem ineffably silly to a veteran
soldier ; for a clean box-car was a luxury which any weary, foot-
sore sick, ay, even sorely-wounded, volunteer would thank God

62 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

for amid the death-throbbings of the great struggle at the front.
But the first essential in the discipline of a new regiment was a
"good taking-down," and it was sure to come. We gladly
forget the storm of anathemas hurled at Uncle Sam's officials
for transporting a regiment from Baltimore to Washington in
baggage-cars. Government-troops in general never suffered
very keenly nor extensively by transportation in box-cars.

We made a day of it. All day long that wheezy, most out-
rageous piece of mechanism that ever dazed the eye of man, a
Baltimore and Ohio freight-engine, puffed, snorted, backed,
filled, and stopped as the snail-train crawled toward the capital
of a country with a doubtful area. It was on this stretch
between Baltimore and Washington that the subtle and decep-
tive persimmon stole a place in this regimental chronicle. The
persimmon is a fair snare, a treacherous luxury. The train
made a long halt in the middle of that October afternoon
beyond the Relay Station, crowned by Gen. Butler's frowning
fort ; and it inscrutably happened, that on each side of the track
stood half a dozen strange trees with stranger fruit. In fact,
no home-bred Yankee had ever seen the like among his granite
hills.

It was noticed that our Bull-Run veteran valiant he was
the man who, when a three-months' volunteer, boasted that if
a fight came on he would be found where the bullets were
thickest : and his prediction was literally verified ; for his com-
rades found him well to the rear, hid under an ammunition-
wagon this highly respected oracle in res rebellions
chuckled knowingly over the rush for persimmons. He had
been there before ; and he was persistent in urging all the men
to secure the largest and fairest of the fruit, " for," said he,
" there's nothing nicer than persimmons." But never before or
afterward was he known to manifest such unselfishness ; for he
contented himself with shrivelled and frost-bitten persimmons,
generously passing on the unscathed, blushing fruit to his
neighbors. In this way he was noticed to have gathered a
quantity of what appeared to be a worthless article. All along
the line, from groups on top and groups within the cars, as well

THE DECEITFUL PERSIMMON. 63

as among the crowd lining the track, arose yells of disgust, and
somewhere near a thousand mouths were screwed into the
vilest of puckers; for what can twist and snarl up the mucous
membrane like a persimmon before the frost has hugged it.
The men soon learned that those persimmons which they had
despised and trod upon were the only ones fit to eat, and that
those were delicious.

Never a more charming autumn afternoon than that on which
the Fourteenth entered the national-capital city environed by
its defensive fortresses and beleaguered by a desperate foe.
Washington was not besieged, but a guerilla band of not more
than one hundred sabres pouncing down on the Maryland side
would create a panic and . compass a general demoralization.
The great forts crowned by tall flag-staffs, bearing the stars and
stripes, extending completely about the city, on the surround-
ing heights in an imposing circle, presented a spectacle calcu-
lated to impress most effectively the minds of those now
encountering for the first time the real "pomp and circumstance
of war."

With straining eyes each observer on the car-tops for every
square foot of the roofs was covered eagerly endeavored to
descry the dome of the Capitol, which our re-enlisted oracles
declared would be the first landmark discerned in Washington.
The sun was so low that the looming forts on Arlington Heights,
away over the pathetically historic river, rose to an imposing
prominence when, rounding a lazy curve, there stood forth in
the distance against the glowing sky what appeared to be an
inverted two-bushel basket, badly stove up in the bottom. The
reader will remember that the dome of the Capitol was, at this
time, but fairly begun ; the upper portion existing only in skele-
ton, with immense cranes and other hoisting mechanisms sur-
mounting the structure in grotesque outline.

Nearing the city, extensive earthworks were passed, and novel
spectacles multiplied. Imagination was quite as busy as the
eye, and romance cut all sorts of fantastic garments with which
to clothe with exaggerated interest every object and incident of
the expanding situation. The excitement increased, for an

64 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

actual glimpse of the Potomac River had been obtained. One
man with a long-range vision was sure that he saw the White
House. The Company C " Truthful James," who never intended
to be distanced when the matter of statements was prominent,
declared that the White-House story was most likely true, be-
cause he could see squads of Rebel cavalry riding along on the
other side of the river beyond the forts. Negro cabins, an army
of aimless curly-heads, long winding trains of army-wagons, big
warehouses of quartermasters' stores, immense stacks of com-
missary supplies, strolling soldiers, a provost-guard, groups of
furloughed officers, barracks, camps, hospitals, parks of artillery,
all the varied and indescribable paraphernalia of war, we are
in Washington : we feel the heart-beat of the nation's life in this
unparalleled struggle of the later ages.

At half-past five o'clock the excruciating locomotive uttered
its final wheeze, and another Union regiment was ready to grap-
ple the " backbone of the Rebellion." It was marched into great
barracks without bunks, and had the privilege of reclining, dur-
ing its first night in the sunny South, on the soft side of a plank
floor.

The advent in Washington set one matter outside the schedule
of anxieties. Before muster, and while awaiting orders to the
front, even while en route, a large number of the men expressed
the unwilling opinion that the regiment would never have the
opportunity of reaching the theatre of active operations. It was
freely wagered that " The war will be over before we can get
there." Of course they were glad to have the war end ; but
they thought it would be a pity, after all the trouble and ex-
pense incurred, if the Fourteenth should be ordered home
without even seeing any thing of the Rebellion. The arrival
in Washington quieted these apprehensions ; and, before the
regiment was mustered out of service, very few cherished any
notion that the Fourteenth had been cheated out of its share of
the experiences of war.

THE FIRST EXPERIENCE. 65

II.

SERVICE.

The Fourteenth arrived at the theatre of war just too late to
participate in the remarkable campaign initiated by Lee's inva-
sion of Maryland. It was undoubtedly intended for the Army
of the Potomac ; aud the two preceding regiments from New
Hampshire, after remaining on Arlington Heights for a few
weeks, were incorporated into that army at Falmouth. When
the Fourteenth arrived in Washington, the peculiar fighting
which culminated in Antietam had just been finished : Lee was
retiring up the Valley with an army almost intact when it ought
to have been destroyed ; McClellan was preparing to return to
the Rappahannock, moving along the east side of the Blue
Ridge. It was evident that the active campaign of 1862 in Vir-
ginia was ended ; and hence the Fourteenth was not called upon
to swell the historic army immediately confronting the Army of
Northern Virginia under Gen. R. E. Lee.

Pending a decision as to its destination, the regiment, on the
morning of October 21, was marched to East Capitol Hill, where
it encamped in A tents in a level sand-bank about one mile east
of the Capitol, for three days. The stay there, enlivened by
a brisk wind filtering the atoms of sand into every recess of
the men's outfit, was long enough to disgust every one with the
national city ; and it was the unanimous conclusion that an ex-
periment with Virginia mud would be far preferable.

We were probably indebted to the dashing Jeb. Stuart for
our winter's destination. While the regiment was shrinking
from sand-cyclones in Washington, the country was startled and
thoroughly scared by the audacious raid of the said Stuart with

66 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

eighteen hundred Rebel cavalry, as he rode entirely around our
main army, penetrating to Chambersburg, Penn., there inflict-
ing considerable damage and more terror, retiring in safety
across the Potomac at White's Ford.

McClellan had employed a considerable portion of his cavalry
in picketing the Potomac while his army occupied the Mary-
land side ; and when he moved southward into Virginia, it was
necessary, in view of a possible repetition of Stuart's antics,
and the unremitting maliciousness of Moseby's guerilla excur-
sions, to provide for a permanent patrol and picket of the upper
Potomac. The Fourteenth Regiment was designated for this
service : and on the morning of October 24 the sand-drift camp
was broken, a good deal of dust was shaken from the feet of a
gratified battalion ; and it merrily swung off by the right flank,
with band playing and' colors spread. The route lay down
Pennsylvania Avenue, passing the White House, and striking
the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal at the Aqueduct Bridge,
Georgetown.

That day's march, began in glee, ended ingloriously. The
Fourteenth was never a regiment of heavy artillery ; but it
was, on the day mentioned, a very heavy infantry regiment.
Each knapsack was a bureau of knick-knack curiosities, absurd
comforts, and impossible luxuries. Not a mile of ground had
been traversed before a general murmur expressed the condi-
tion of things. The iron-clad-vested men were the first and
loudest in their complaints. The lagging, fagged-out, green
volunteers, panting over a two-mile march, must have been
objects of ridicule to a veteran of the Army of the Potomac.
At any rate, the time came afterwards when we poured con-
tempt upon other organizations, fresh from home, which were
surely not more foolish than we had been.

The first halt was made in front of the White House, and at
least one-third of the battalion took a vigorous account of stock.
The men with bullet-proof vests their hope and pride in
Concord vowed that they would prefer to risk Rebel bullets
rather than carry so much old iron any farther. Steel breast-
plates sufficient to coat a small gunboat were hurled into the

H
X

STRIPPING FOR SERVICE. 67

gutter in front of Father Abraham's marble cottage. The
members of Company G were wiser in their generation. They
hired a job-team to carry their knapsacks, the driver realizing
about ten dollars for the trip.

A large quantity of superfluous articles was thrown away at
this first halt, while the greater portion of the men tenaciously
clung to the numerous items of overloaded packs. They had
to dispense with them all eventually, but it was a sore trial. It
was the fashion to ridicule new regiments for providing so
extensive outfits of little notions as most of the knapsacks
would have revealed. A second thought would have fully jus-
tified such action, and it was no doubt a wise expedient. There
was need of a gradual diminution of enjoyments. The most
abrupt transition from the unnumbered comforts of home to
the utter paucity of camp-life was deplorable, and in most cases
unnecessary. The gradual curtailment was best: so that those
who started to serve their country with fifty-pound knapsacks,
and tapered off to a rolled blanket over the shoulder, were
philosophical in their military development ; and a comb, bit of
lookiug-glass, and portfolio, were not essential foes of loyalty,
discipline, and bravery.

That night the regiment camped in the woods above Chain
Bridge, nine miles from Washington. The next dav's march
was up the tow-path ; the knapsacks being piled upon a canal-
boat, together with all members of the regiment who were smart
enough to suffer with a sudden infliction, rendering them inca-
pable of marching, and whose countenances were adorned with
sufficient agony to secure a surgeon's certificate. We con-
tinued on until about the middle of the afternoon, when orders
to countermarch were given ; and the column returned five
miles to Lock No. 21, where an open-air bivouac was the only
night resort, no place having been selected for a camp, and no
tents being available had a camp been laid out. Sleeping
under an open sky at the last of October was a severe exposure
for troops not inured to campaign hardships, nor accustomed to
timely precautions.

The next day, October 26, was Sunday ; and tents were

68 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

pitched on Adder Hill, a bluff directly above the lock. The
shelter was timely ; for, before the tent-stakes were half driven,
a heavy rain began, rendering the first sabbath of array life in
the South chiefly memorable for its dreariness and discomfort.
The proper apportionment of duty was manifestly not then
understood, as men stood five-hour reliefs on picket that day
and night. The surroundings were dismal, and such an intro-
duction to active service was not inspiriting.

The Fourteenth became a part of an independent brigade,
consisting of the Thirty-ninth Mass., Fourteenth New Hamp-
shire, Tenth Vt., and Twenty-third Me., with the Tenth Mass.
Light Battery, Capt. Sleeper, and, a little later, Scott's Nine
Hundred, N. Y. Cavalry. Brigadier-Gen. Cuvier Grover was as-
signed to this command. He did not long retain the position,
as the government required his services elsewhere ; and Col.
P. S. Davis, supposed to be the ranking colonel, assumed com-
mand. The service required of this brigade was more arduous
and involved a greater exposure than was demanded of any
troops in the army of the Potomac during the same season.
The green regiments enjoyed no boys' play.

The incidents and surroundings of the first forty-eight hours
of actual service on the banks of the Potomac could hardly
have been more depressing. The camp was on the dubious
slope of a gullied bluff; the tents poor, and severely tested at
once by a drenching rain ; and seven men in a tent. That sin-
gle trial was a crucial test ; for as the men met the discomforts
and hardships of the two first days at Adder Hill, so they en-
dured to the end of their connection with the regiment. Those
who sputtered and growled the worst, together with those who
were jolly, taking the mud, storm, and drenched blankets as
good jokes, those were good for every strain and hardship as
a general rule. But the quietly despondent ones, the home-
sick boys, and there were many such on that chilly, rainy
Sunday, were enrolled, inevitably, for early death or speedy
discharge.

The discomforts of those first days at Lock 21 culminated
in a tragedy which mantled the camp in mourning. Corpl.

THE FIRST DEATH. 69

George Norwood, one of the best members of Company F, went
on duty at one o'clock Monday morning. He was very low-
spirited during Sunday, and spent most of the day in looking
at the portraits of friends at home, and in talking of his family.
The night was fearful, and almost utterly dark. Corpl. Nor-
wood was last seen on the stone-work of the lock by Sergt. A.
B. Colburn, at two o'clock. A sharp cry was heard soon after-
ward, and that is all that discloses any trace of the cause of the
first death in the regiment. Search was instituted, but nothing
could be accomplished before morning. The colonel and other
officers personally assisted in dragging the canal, and were inde-
fatigable until his body was found in the bottom of the lock,
with his equipments upon him. His body was sent home at the
expense of his comrades.

On Saturday, October 30, the regiment held its first dress-
parade on Southern soil. Considering the rough experiences of
the preceding days, the men made a good appearance; and there
was an improvement in steadiness. November was ushered in
by the quartermaster in the issuing of shelter-tents, almost the
last article that a soldier would think of drawing with winter
coming on. The sheets with buttons and holes were utilized by
the men as sheets or spreads for their bunks. On November 4
Gen. Grover inspected the regiment, and condemned the guns,
much to everybody's satisfaction. This was the first glimpse of
a live general which most of the Fourteenth had caught, and
Gen. Grover was made of that stern military stuff well calcu-
lated to duly impress the raw recruit. It was innocently sup-
posed that we should immediately be supplied with suitable
arms, but an old soldier knows more than a fresh one.

There were fellows who were always fixing up their tents,
and they began operations at Adder Hill. They were very
complacent over their A's changed into wall-tents by three and
four feet of board sides, the boards having been begged, bought,
and the tents looked much better : but the possessors of such
rank-and-file mansions were, within a day or two, the maddest
men we had yet seen ; for on Thursday, the 13th, orders came
to move, and the regiment unceremoniously decamped, moving

70 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE. .

some distance from the river, and nearer to Washington, it being
about sixteen miles away. The new camp, named Grover, was
at Offutt's Cross Roads, on the road between Great Falls and
Rockville. The men were not then accustomed to such abrupt
removals, and there was a great deal of nonsensical grumbling.
Some of the tent-crews got their betterments moved to the new
camp, a circumstance not enhancing the pleasure of those less
fortunate.

There was some target practice had at Adder Hill, and it may-
be reckoned as among the wonderful events of the great Rebel-
lion. The old smooth-bores were possibly more dangerous at
the breech than at the muzzle ; for from the latter nothing was
found to be hit, while from the former a victim cringed at every
shot. Quite a number of the men had never fired a gun in
their lives ; and several of them, when commanded to fire, would
shut their eyes, turn their heads in the opposite direction, and
blaze away. In later months the Johnnies ascertained that the
Fourteenth had greatly improved in the item of firing. It was
about this time that Company F earned the reputation of run-
ning the guard-house. Certainly on one Sunday eight or ten
of her best men were incarcerated at one time. They did not
turn out to a company drill ordered by the captain, and were
thereby taught not to have any particular religious scruples.
For some reason that Sunday drill was abolished. The guard-
house was a flourishing institution in the early days of the
regiment's existence ; and, while it created a good deal of indig-
nation, there was a comical side to the picture which was not
overlooked and will not be forgotten.

ON PICKET.

To inexperienced troops picket-duty furnished the most try-
ing ordeal. It called for physical endurance beyond any other
draft of military service, unless it was that of rapid and pro-
longed marches; and when it is considered that the result of
a campaign, the fate of a great army, and even the future of a
government, may depend upon the alertness of a solitary picket-

THE NOVICE ON PICKET. 71

post, and turn upon the faithfulness of a single private soldier,
the strain upon officers and men must be regarded as severe in
every respect. The Union volunteer when about half-seasoned,
that is, midway between the recruit of 1861-62 and the veteran
of '65, was glib in his denunciation of " red-tape nonsense,"
especially as applied to picket regulations ; but the importance
of this outlying precaution for the safety of an army justified
the strictest discipline, and was illustrated in scores of in-
stances during the late war, notably at Cedar Creek, where a
great disaster was inflicted upon Sheridan's army through a
surprise of the picket-line, a ruse de guerre which barely failed
of immeasurably aiding the Rebel cause. It is quite possible
that all has never been told concerning the opening of that
day's drama, nor has it been fully explained why it was that the
first Rebel-shot could have been fired inside the breastworks of
our sleeping army.

But no suspicion of carelessness can attach to the novice on
picket-duty. He may not know what he is to do nor how to
do it, but he will do something all the time. He will see every
thing there is about him, hear a good deal that isn't, and try to
halt every thing that moves. In the presence of an active
enemy, the fresh and the seasoned soldier are equally vigilant,
but in different ways. It is undoubtedly true, that for the most
part our troops performed faithful and efficient picket-service
during the later campaigns of the war ; and the veteran volun-
teer brought to this arduous service an intelligence and self-
reliance which greatly re-enforced the regulation precautions,
and contributed materially to the triumph of our arms. But
he dispensed with all superfluities, and was perhaps too much
inclined to depend upon himself rather than upon rules and
orders. Newly mustered troops on picket were not only wide
awake, but decidedly nervous. They literally followed instruc-
tions, though then: interpretations of orders were often amazing,
even to absurdity ; and on occasion they could easily multiply
every order by ten, and the product was sometimes curses and
confusion.

Among the vivid pictures which memory retains of scenes

72 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

and incidents in that memorable period, few will stand out so
prominent and lasting as our picketing on the Potomac, with
Moseby's guerillas harassing every detachment and threatening
every ford. The Fourteenth Regiment was introduced to this
service directly upon its arrival at the seat of war, and through
all that first winter the metal of the men was well tried : and,
while it was subsequently ascertained that no force of the enemy
had then seriously manoeuvred in our front, the regiment acted
in constant anticipation of an immediate demonstration ; and
the details for outpost duty acquitted themselves with zeal from
the first, and with discretion as soon as it could be acquired.
There were blunders of that period which still cause the ears
of their perpetrators to tingle as they are remembered, and there
were some fortunate escapes from tragic consequences.

The first picket-detail from the Fourteenth Regiment came
near being the last which the major of the Thirty-ninth Mass.
ever inspected. One of the guards, a strapping boy yet in his
teens, was posted in a lonely thicket traversed by a winding
road, just the spot for a surprise ; and one was apprehended, for
Moseby was spreading terror by his ubiquitous antics and exag-
gerated force : and green troops in that region verily believed
he would shoot or hang every captive. When that boy was
left by the sergeant in the desolate swamp, being charged by
the latter with innumerable instructions which neither sergeant
nor sentry comprehended, he felt, as he shouldered his musket
and measured off his beat, that the fate, not only of Grover's
brigade, but of all the Union armies, hung upon his own vigi-
lance. He canvassed the probabilities of being hung or shot in
case the guerillas trapped him, and couldn't settle upon the
preferable method of sacrifice by bushwhackers. Now, a loaded
rifle in such hands was a weapon dangerous to all comers, pro-
vided the possessor took no aim before firing.

One order rung in the tyro picket's ears, " Halt every man
you see, and, if he don't stop, shoot him ! " and he was deter-
mined that he would prove himself worthy to defend the coun-
try, and vindicate the enormous trust which hung, as it were,
on the point of his own bayonet. He thought of almost every

THE GREEN VEDETTE. 73

thing in that first hour of his first tread of an outpost beat. He
did not expect the officer of the day, he did not know what an
officer of the day was : he had never heard of such a character.
But the clashing major of the Thirty-ninth was officer of the
day on this eventful morning, and was leisurely making the
rounds, attended by his orderly, when he encountered this
verdant vedette, who heard him long before sight served, and
was all on the qui vive, thinking the dreaded guerillas might be
stealing in to annihilate the camp. It was nothing to a nervous
sentry that the officer wore a blue uniform : was not that one of
Moseby's pet tricks ? The broad red sash, crossing the breast
from right shoulder to scabbard, gave no hint to our raw recruit.
He should have announced the approach of the officer to the
picket-post by, " Officer of the day ! Turn out the guard ! "
But in this instance there was no leaving of coffee to boil over
between crackling rails ; no hasty scramble, snatching of accou-
trements, tumbling for guns, and falling into line to present
arms to the brigade outpost supervisor.

For about a minute our hero thought he had behaved like a
veteran ; for about twenty years he has known that he acted
like a fool. Ten rods away, "Halt! who goes there?" bring-
ing musket to a "ready." The major jogs right on serenely.
The challenge is repeated with more emphasis. Still the officer
impudently aims straight for the alarmed picket. The latter
begins to suspect that after all the officer may have some legiti-
mate business in that locality ; but perish the thought ! he
recalls his instructions. In desperation he again commands
" Halt ! " cocking his musket, and in a moment more he fires.
But no ! the major does halt, and thus prevents an unpleasant
denoument, and perhaps a court-martial. " Call your officer ! "
and the thoroughly scared private is glad to get out of the
scrape by calling " Sergeant of the guard ! " said pompous but
thick-headed dignitary appearing in fear to respond to the offi-
cial reprimand for the sentinel's obtuseness with, "He is a green
hand, and don't know his business." Now, in spite of this
ready and apt military explanation, it is to be observed, that he
of the chevrons who commanded the said post did not himself

74 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

know an officer of the day from a provost-marshal ; and he was
obliged to tarn his detail into a debating society, in order to
determine how to receive the "grand rounds," coming to plague
him about midnight.

Sometimes an officer got outgeneralled on the picket-line by
a private. The Fourteenth furnished an officer, and the
Thirty-ninth Mass. a private, to illustrate this. The captain
was officer of the day, and the broad sash and other inspiring
influences wrought him up to the mood of a strict disciplinarian.
In making his morning inspection, he found one of the pickets
not walking his beat. The reprimand was severe, and not
couched in terms known to a pious vocabulary. The private
devised a method of balancing the account. When the officer
of the day made his " grand rounds " at midnight, he found the
aforesaid picket faithfully walking his beat ; but the beat was
on a small island in the midst of a considerable pond of surface
water. The sentry declared it was the identical beat upon
which he was stationed in the morning. With an accompani-
ment of a tide of blasphemy easily heard half a mile, the exas-
perated officer was obliged to dismount, wade out to the
isolated picket, and receive the countersign.

Throughout the war the picket-line furnished some of the
most dramatic and amusing episodes in the soldier's life. At
Lock 21, where Rebels were stealthily creeping along our
front just across the river, and where the first man perished
mysteriously in the howling storm and Stygian night black-
ness ; at Edward's Ferry and White's Ford, really dangerous,
and where coveys of ducks on the Potomac at night sounded
like Rebels crossing to attack; the more stern, earnest, and
deadly watch and guard of the valley campaign, on hill and
pike, in treacherous copse, and by winding stream, with the
stimulus of constant and imminent danger, these exploits will
ever thrill the veteran's soul, and stir the sluggish memory, so
long as a boy in blue remains among the living to ruminate
upon the Potomac and the Shenandoah.

There is another page of picket history which we do not turn
in this volume, although it is perhaps the most romantic, if not

YANK AND JOHNNY DICKER. 75

the most thrilling. The boys of the Fourteenth did not chance
to camp in intrenched lines for months, over against and near
to the enemy, with opposing pickets less than half a musket-shot
apart, and where, while cannon were silent and the great hosts
rested in a practical truce, these jolly picket-guards fraternized
so far that all the rules of cautionary warfare were stretched to
their utmost limit, and there was a great deal of swapping and
promiscuous dicker between " Yank '' and " Johnny." For
twenty years the newspapers have teemed with stirring and
laughable incidents of this close, foe-fraternal relation ; and we
may presume that the subject is yet fruitful. The picketing of
the Fourteenth Regiment was of a sterner, more deadly quality.
We leave the chronicles of the pleasanter sort to those who
were fortunate enough to fight a Johnny Reb between the
lines, hitting him with a bag of coffee, and receiving the return
blow from a plug of old Virginia tobacco.

It was authoritatively announced that the regiment was to
go into winter quarters ; and the tents were raised upon stock-
ade and board walls, and put into comfortable shape for the
inclement season. Red cedar was abundant in that region, and
was cleverly utilized for tent-finishing ; the slender poles furnish-
ing as near an approach to spring-beds as the soldier can hope
to make. Cedar was presumed to be a remedy for body-lice,
which even then began to infest the clothing of the men. The
utter disgust and loathing evinced by the neatest among them,
and measurably experienced by all, were natural. A philosophic
attitude toward vermin, which is one of the shining qualities
of the veteran, had not then imbued the members of the Four-
teenth. No matter how neat a soldier kept himself, it was of
no avail. He must suffer for the filth of those who had ten-
anted his picket-post, or guard, bunk, or barrack quarters before
him, leaving a crawling leaven that always leavened the whole
lump. The red-cedar panacea was too mild a remedy for the
lice epidemic, and it ran a course which only ended when white
shirts were donned after the Rebellion had collapsed.

76 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

The 15th of November the regiment was marched back to
Lock 21, with the expectation of exchanging the old smooth-
bores for the modern Springfield or Enfield pattern of muskets;
those being the best arms in the service during the Rebel-
lion. Breech-loaders were entirely unknown for infantry, only
some of the cavalry commands having breech-loading car-
bines. It was just as the war was closing that breech-loading
fire-arms came into deserved prominence. When it was ascer-
tained that only the flanking companies were to receive the
new muskets at that time, there ensued such a flow of comment
as soldiers can indulge in on occasion. All but Companies A
and G felt, when marching back to camp with the ridiculed
smooth-bores still on their shoulders, much like the king of
France, who marched up the hill and then marched down again.

Systematic battalion drilling was begun at Offutt's Cross
Roads, and the regiment was settling down to a profitable win-
ter's work. That it is the uncertain which always occurs was
exemplified in the occupation of Camp Grover by the Four-
teenth. The camp was brought into excellent trim ; the picket
and drill duty was arduous, but not really severe ; and while
there was considerable sickness, owing to so complete a change
of life, to which the men were not yet inured, two men dying
on the night of December 9, still the location was desirable,
and acclimation would speedily have done its essential work.

Saturday night, December 20, the regiment received orders
to be ready to move at nine o'clock the next morning. The
brigade was to occupy a strategic position farther up the Poto-
mac, commanding important fords liable to be threatened by
heavy detachments of cavalry from the army of northern Vir-
ginia, or by guerilla-bands, which did some damage and cre-
ated a thousand times as much alarm. The men imagined
that it was a dreadfully sore trial to be ordered away, and the
usual amount of ignorant comment and criticism was indulged
in. It was a safety-valve, and did no harm. Then, as gener-
ally, the rank and file, and most of the line-officers, were igno-
rant of even the immediate destination of the regiment. It
was with sincere regret that the Fourteenth Regiment filed out

Capt. Ira Berry Jr.

Capt Wm. E. Bunten.

Lieut. E. D. Hadley.

Lieut. M. M. Holmes.

Lieut. Wm. H. Bryant.

Company H Officers.

MWftVm V1.HT.M, 10., \ttV5tt*.

A MIDNIGHT SCARE. 77

of Camp Grover on that cool and beautiful Sabbath morning
in December. The more thoughtful ones were pained, in view
of a inarch on Sunday ; while all clung so tenaciously to the
idea of home, that even a banked-up tent or a rude stockade,
when dedicated as a habitation, became invested with a worth
whose loss seemed serious.

That day's march was a severe test of the regiment's stamina
and powers of endurance, and the ordeal was passed quite
creditably to the command as a whole. The march was to
Poolesville, a distance of twenty miles. The regiment was
burdened beyond all reason for a march, and the six wagons
were loaded to their utmost capacity. Twenty miles between
9.30 and dark, carrying elephantine knapsacks, with all sorts
of possible utensils strung to their belts, was a record not to
be ashamed of for the men of a green regiment. Footsore
and all fagged out, the men marched, staggered, and straggled
into the pretty village of Poolesville that Sunday night. No
tents were pitched ; the men taking possession of churches,
halls, etc.

Poolesville was lively that night, as may be seen from a
perusal of one of the special articles of this volume. Sergt.
Sturtevant of Company G had an experience which came as
near making his hair stand on end as he desired up to that
period in his experience. Some time during the night it was
reported that human forms were seen moving about the out-
skirts of the town in unpleasant numbers. The sergeant and
two men Corpl. Kehue and Private Frost were ordered
out to reconnoitre ; and soon the startling discovery was made,
that these obvious enemies were mounted men, and had biv-
ouacked within half a mile of the sleeping Union regiment.
The dismayed sergeant with his support was about to retreat,
arouse the regiment, and save it if possible from the threatened
disaster, when a figure was observed advancing rapidly toward
them. Approaching near enough, he was halted, and was, if
possible, more astonished than the sergeant had been previously.
To the challenge he responded that he was a member of Scott's
Nine Hundred Cavalry ; and it was soon explained that two

78 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

companies of the troop had just arrived from down the river,
were now bivouacked in the near field, and had no conception
of any Union troops being in the place. The alert sergeant
experienced a sort of revulsion of feeling, and midnight deeds
of prowess were necessarily postponed.

The next forenoon the regiment proceeded to Edward's Ferry,
four miles, as orders had been issued for a thorough system of
picketing and patrolling the river ; the former to be done by
the infantry, the latter by cavalry squads. Most of the right
wing remained at Poolesville. Another scare made things
lively before the column reached the ferry. While some dis-
tance away, heavy firing was heard ; and word was passed along
the line, that a conflict was imminent. Reaching the bluff, it
was reported that the enemy were throwing up intrenchments
on the opposite side of the river. It was evident that the main
body of the Johnnies were in hiding, as only one or two scouts
were in sight. The troops were hurried up, every officer who
had a glass anxiously surveyed the situation, and a general plan
of attack was discussed. The position was approached with
great caution, and the men wondered how many would be likely
to get hit in crossing to the assault.

After a long delay, it was decided to send a reconnoitring
party over to investigate. The forlorn hope was generally
commiserated, and little hope was expressed of seeing them
again alive. Yet they did return unharmed, and reported that
the dangerous spade had been doing its work on the Rebel side
of the Potomac ; but the fact was, that two colored individuals
had come down to the shore with the dead body of a friend,
and the excavations so much dreaded were strictly confined to
legitimate grave-digging. The first shell of the bombardment
had scattered the formidable party of two, they unceremoniously
dumping the corpse on the ground in their flight. For some-
thing more than a week the regiment manned the picket-posts
along the river; the season being delightful, and camping in
shelter-tents quite tolerable.

The headquarters of the regiment was established at Edward's
Ferry, with picket-posts up and down the tow-path of the canal.

LIVELY POOLESVILLE. 79

It was supposed to be hazardous duty; and certainly never were
troops more alert, nor was there ever a more faithful watch
kept upon a picket-line. The portion of the regiment on duty
at the ferry was not located there long. The beginning of the
new year, 1863 found the Fourteenth in camp at Poolesville,
the picketing arrangement having been somewhat modified.
Squads of wood-chopj)ers were detailed ; and long oak-stockade
material was hauled to camp, split in planks, set firmly in the
ground, and on top were pitched the A tents. Each cabin was
covered by two of the tents, the stockade extending in a con-
tinuous line the length of a company street. The Poolesville
camp of the Fourteenth is well represented elsewhere. The
Thirty-ninth Mass. was camped near by, and occupied Sibley
tents. There was just enough of rivalry between the two regi-
ments to relieve any possible monotony; and, beyond that, things
must be lively anywhere with two such organizations in camp
as Scott's Nine Hundred and Sleeper's Batteiy.

The great rolling plain east of Poolesville was used as a
parade-ground ; and frequent were the magnificent spectacles
presented of sham contests between the cavalry and the infantry,
and between the former and the light battery. The boys will
recall the exciting scenes of Scott's dare-devil squadrons riding
down at full gallop on the waiting battery still as death, the
yells of the cavalrymen, and the flash of their sabres, urging
their horses to such a fury of onslaught that it seemed as
though they must sweep away guns, caissons, horses, and all.
Not an order was given in the battery, nor a lanyard pulled,
until the attacking party had almost reached the muzzles, when,
with a terrific roar and flash, the mock combatants were hid in
smoke, and the struggle for the guns began in close conflict.

Some of the companies, in order to improve their culinary
facilities, built ovens. Capt. Hodgdon of Company D was
fortunate enough to find some iron-arched oven-tops, and with
a wagon and detail fetched them into camp. Col. Wilson was
much interested in the erection of the improved oven, and
intently watched the proceeding. The work not going on just
to suit him, he began showing the correct process, and presently

80 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

threw off blouse and vest, and went at the stone trimming and
setting himself. In the familiar skull-cap, which became him
about as well as a plug hat would a marble Venus, he presented
any thing but an imposing and West-Point appearance. Ab-
sorbed in mud, stone-work, and the prospective oven, the
colonel of the Fourteenth did not observe the approach in state
of Col. Davis of the Thirty-ninth coming to pay him a formal
visit. Being made aware of the presence of an officer in full-
dress uniform, attended by an orderly, he turned, and simply
said, " How are you, colonel ? We're building an oven : walk
up to my quarters ! " The formality of the occasion was a good
deal toned down by the democracy of official shirt-sleeves.

While a portion of the right wing occupied the Episcopal
church, previous to the establishment of the permanent camp,
several amusing incidents occurred. One night the men stole a
bee-hive, and, placing it over a hole dug in the ground, ignited
a quantity of matches to suffocate the bees. Having succeeded,
as they thought, the hive was smuggled into the church, when
it was discovered that some of the bees were still in fighting
trim, as several men found to their cost. The hive was hastily
wrapped in the first blanket that came to hand, and put out of
the window ; the blanket being returned to its place. At night,
when Capt. Johnson of Company B stretched himself out on
that blanket, he laid his head directly into about a teacupful of
honey which had drained from the hive. His remarks need
not be repeated, but they were forcible and pointed.

Chaplain Rowe was invited to hold services in the church on
Sunday, and some of the citizens were invited to attend. One
old lady refused, saying, " Why, you can't hold services in our
church." She was asked, " Why not ? " and replied, " Because
it is Episcopal, and the canons of the church don't permit it."
"Well," said the officer to whom she spoke, " I can't say about
the canons of the church ; but I know the cannons of the army
will. Services will commence at 10.30 sharp." And they
did. A choir was formed, and led by G. W. Hodgdon, leader
of the regimental band. The Episcopal clergyman opened the
services with prayer, making not the slightest allusion to na-

MOTHER'S PANTRY. 81

tional affairs ; and Chaplain Rowe preached a good sermon,
"proclaiming liberty throughout the land to all the inhabitants
thereof."

BOXES FROM HOME.

As soon as it was tolerably certain that a regiment had set-
tled down in winter quarters, a wide-spread epidemic could be
safely predicted. There was nothing chronic in the affliction,

that was the worst of it, but it was intensely acute, as
were some of the consequences to the victims. We do not go
to the surgeon, but to the teamster, for a diagnosis of the malady ;
for to the lord of the mules it was experimentally a malady.
It was the epidemic of "boxes." Every regiment accessible to
the base of supplies showed a bad breaking-out. New regi-
ments manifested a malignant type, and those within a mule's
journey of Washington were turned into a genuine hospital of

" boxes." Shoe-boxes, soap-boxes, starch-boxes, clothes-pin
boxes, even dry-goods boxes, thronged along from every quar-
ter in a tumultuous, tumbling procession. Occasionally it was
a barrel, often a cask ; but they were all " boxes." Boxes tied,
nailed, screwed, strapped, hinged, withed, and not fastened at
all.

The first recipient of a box was a prince ; the next half-
dozen constituted a select aristocracy ; after that, it was pure
democracy, with a small, unhappy coterie which had no home,
no friends, to send its members a box. The man who did not
get a box from home was a singular and much-pitied individual.
But generally such a one was, in a real sense, admitted to the
cheer of other homes, whose hearthstones were broad enough
for generous hospitality; and the "boys" were so appreciative
of that strange, tenacious community of interest binding men
of a common aim in a common privation and danger, that they
opened their hearts, their hands, and their boxes to those who
had no Northern pantries and sweetmeat-closets so full and so
crowded open by zeal and love that they overflowed to South-
ern camp and hospital.

The coveted boxes were generally expected, being heralded

82 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

by letter ; but were often a complete surprise. In the former
case the teamster was besieged and interviewed every time he
showed his head in camp : and after he had been examined and
cross-examined for a week or even a fortnight by the anxious
comrade, whose precious box had been whirled into some tan-
talizing eddy of detention in the vast deluge of quartermasters'
stores rushing to every military department and army corps,
said teamster was known to use a good deal of language for
which he ought to have visited the chaplain ; and, had his
imprecations been fulfilled, they would have very nearly filled
the Chesapeake Bay with the boxes that did and didn't arrive.

But the teamster occasionally got even with the importunate
expectants, and sweet was his revenge. When an irascible
little warrior had waited three weeks for his box, had thumbed
the letter announcing its departure from home into tatters, had
worked himself into a fever of anxiety, and had desperately
prophesied twenty times a day that every thing in the box was
spoiled, and, if it ever did arrive, it would be worthless, then it
happened, in more than one instance, that just as the victim of
the box-fever was marching out of camp for twenty-four hours'
picket-duty, or on a more extended expedition, the harried
driver would announce, in sweetest modulations, " There is a
box come for you." What was previous pain was subsequent
torment. The twenty-four hours were considerably more than
a week in getting out of sight ; and the anxious recipient ate up
at least a dozen boxes in anticipation, and vowed terrible venge-
ance on any man in the regiment who should meddle with
that box. When he did march back to camp, he spent two per-
spiring hours getting into the box ; for the folks at home had
built it after the pattern of a burglar-proof safe, fitted to run
the gantlet of all hungry Rebeldom : and he had no hatchet,
and couldn't borrow one, although there were a dozen about
only yesterday.

It was safe to presume that no man was fit for duty who had
an attack of the box. He talked box, ate box, fixed his box in
twenty different locations ; and his every look was a pine cube
packed with goodies. If anybody imagines that this conduct

EPIDEMIC OF BOXES. 83

borders on the puerile, let him enlist for three years, build his
winter stockade in Virginia mud, and feel reminded every few
hours that the pressure of a Rebel bullet is much more immi-
nent than the pressure of mother's hand again ; that the caress
of a screeching shell is likely to greet him sooner than the kiss
of his wife and the exquisite clasp of his child's arms, then, if
he has the heart of a man, he will cease to wonder at the des-
perate, childish eagerness with which our volunteer soldiers
waited for and welcomed a box from home.

If any venture, small in bulk and trivial compared with the
great events among which it nestled, was ever invested with so
much of consequence excepting, always, that initial " epi-
sode " of the generations, the family baby as the soldier's
box ; if there was ever so much compressed worry-yeast buried
in such a limited measure of patriotic meal as in the subject we
consider, then no Congressional investigating committee has
yet discovered it. We imagine the fond assiduity, the sweet
self-denial, the glad mixture of family love and a broad patriot-
ism, which crystallized about that box as it was being filled in
the far-away New-England home. The best sentiments of the
grandest nation on the earth twined themselves, in the grace of
love, into that little four-square receptacle, built in some in-
stances from pine-tree or hemlock grown on the native hills of
the soldier-boy, and which he had blazed, perchance, in earlier
years. In these delicacies, so deftly tucked away as to occupy
every available inch of space, were incarnated a devotion as
lofty as that of the Spartan mothers ; an affection whose tender-
ness of deed was the truest expression of the finest age of
genuine humanity ; and we may suggest, without presumption
or overstatement, that those impulses which centred in the more
than three hundred thousand boxes sent from Northern homes
during the war to individual loved ones in the army, were the
same for love, heroism, and loyalty, which, expanded into the
majesty of an irresistible tidal wave, gathered up the power of
the homes of a great people, and buried the Rebellion hope-
lessly. In another figure it may be said that the black fortress
of Secession was not only breached, but levelled, under the
bombardment of boxes.

84 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

There was little inclination or opportunity for insubordination
or discouragement in a regiment through the weary months of
winter quarters, rain, mud, or a masterly inactivity, when every
incoming baggage-train brought from ten to twenty boxes from
those who loved the cause even as much as the never-forgotten
husbands, sons, or brothers who fought and might have to die
for it.

And the packing of that box. Friends came in with their
little remembrances. For months the precious store had been
gathering, and much was the study over the tender words
which should accompany the offerings. Things useful, and as
ornamental as the circumstances of a soldier's life would justify ;
articles far more valuable to the man in the moon than to a boy
in blue ; boots, mittens, socks, havelocks, (who ever saw a have-
lock south of the Potomac?) shirts, drawers, housewives, diaries,
pins, needles, buttons, in fact, a whole Yankee-notion store in
epitome went into that box.

The society for sending a red-flannel shirt and a fine-tooth
comb to every African baby, or the English association for pro-
viding the inhabitants of the Fiji Islands with plug hats and
high-top boots, were eminent for sagacity in comparison with
some of the organizers of boxes for friends in the army. A
dozen rich mince-pies, a peck of doughnuts, and two gallons of
strong pickles, always put to shame any malaria or noisome
water, in their power to hopelessly demoralize a poor fellow just
out of hospital, half cured of dysentery, and with an appetite
ready to tackle his father's grindstone if he only knew that it
was direct from home. Let us recall the pastry, the sweets, the
tarts, concentrated essence of all niceties stowed away in that
box. A boot-leg protected a jelly-jar, pickles were padded with
socks, while each mitten was plump with choice confections.
The whole arrangement was planned with a view to constant
surprises, as the eager subject of this bounty, unprecedented
in all the histories of campaigns, disembowelled his goose of
goodies, a well-stuffed bird, that came near to laying golden
eggs. Perhaps the box wrought as good results where it was
filled as where it was emptied. Certainly the hands were

A TENT BANQUET. 85

readier for the doing, and the hearts were larger for the giv-
ing.

But come to us in our stockades on the Potomac, the Rappa-
hannock, the inlets of the coast-line, or even to the more open
tents on the bayous of Louisiana. Especially on the northern
belt of belligerent ground, in midwinter, we shall be found
hovering about a small camp-stove in one of the cabins of a
continuous line of stockades, covered by two A tents joined.
One of the eight inmates has received a box from home, another
has just emptied one, while a third is dwelling in the happy
realm of anticipation. The hero of the hour begins his explora-
tions : and as reminder, memento, and token from those whom
he at times despairs of seeing again on earth appear one by one,
labelled so tenderly, his comrades suddenly busy themselves over
their bunks, guns, or accoutrements; and they don't see his
tears, for if they did their own eyes would be dim. He gladly
exhibits the articles of clothing and some of his trinkets, but
the prudent Yankee never exposes to his comrades all there is
in that box. He is doubtless a generous fellow; but, while
every inmate of that tent gets many a relish for slab bacon and
hard bread eaten during the week or fortnight of delicacies from
that rare store, still there are choice depths in that box which
no stranger and hardly the bunk-chum may fathom, and whose
treasures are too precious to be shared, save were it possible
with one whose touch was felt in every apple or slice of cake ;
and when he puts that box-cover on his knees, and spreads the
table of a temporary prince, he sups with those who, a thousand
miles away, keep his plate and chair waiting about the family
board.

In these later days, and amid prosaic routine or superficial
enjoyments, when the comforts and even luxuries of life can be
obtained with little exertion and less emotion, such sensitive
tenderness and exquisite sentiment as is here wreathed about
trivialities may appear strained and wholly artificial. No soldier
of the Rebellion, however, will question the faithfulness of the
picture. The great war touched chords which lesser strokes
would have left smothered forever, and developed an inner life

86 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

of devotion to home, and affection for loved ones, which all the
common-places of peaceful industry and an unruffled social life
could never rouse.

But our box has many sides ; and it is impossible, with due
regard for a truthful picture, to invest all of this multitude of
boxes with such an ornate drapery of sentiment as may justly
ornament the actual cases referred to. As there was not, in the
enlistment or service of some men, one elevating thought or
ennobling impulse ; so you might have searched every incident
and act in their soldier-life without finding any thing which
they would hallow, or the observer could eulogize. One jovial,
heedless fellow opened his box, and sent the carefully prepared
goodies flying among his too willing comrades as though the
precious consignment was but a magazine of pyrotechnics which
it was his cheerful duty to light off. For forty-eight hours
rations were spurned with contempt, and the palate was toned
up to an epicurean level. But the inevitable tumble to army
fare again, brought a compensation which made the actual
benefit of the delicious intrusion a matter of doubt.

Another recipient took his box and all the adjuncts as a
matter of course. There was nothing unusual about a box : it
ought to come ; and it would be very strange if the folks at
home, who slept in a bed every night, had a clean shirt once a
week, and ate bread and butter every day, did not send along
something to make a fellow comfortable.

A third hungry champion of an indivisible Union, enlarged,
expanded the principles of the last-named appreciative hero ;
and he went at his box much as a hog goes to his trough. He
tackled that box, he invested it, besieged it, and, before he could
be induced to quit, carried every redoubt and bastion. He ate
up every thing in it that could be eaten, as soon as it could be
crowded into his stomach, and then diversified the monotony of
his after-existence by taking his home-made, home-blessed mit-
tens, socks, shirts, handkerchiefs, and every thing wearable, and
swapping them for sutler's checks, or trading them for hoe-cake
or a chicken with some of the enterprising darkies hanging like
a cloud on the outskirts of the camp. It would be difficult to

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THE TORMENT OF MEANNESS. 87

select a better criterion of the man, in what are often counted
as the trivial elements of character, than the box under con-
sideration. The generous, the profligate, the stolid, and the
selfish soldier, all received their boxes ; and their names on
the covers were not plainer of discernment than the analysis of
their inner selves which they inscribed in tell-tale characters all
over those interesting boxes.

To some of the men a box really seemed a source of unend-
ing torment. They never appeared to take a moment's comfort
with the delectations sent them. They were evidently in great
dread of the sin of covetousness on the part of their comrades.
They were afraid they would have to give away a bite of some
delicacy, and every such morsel actually extorted came like a
tooth from a sound jaw. Such a one always managed to eat
alone while the miserly hoarded contents lasted, and he would
make a small box last ten times as long as the ordinary soldier
would a big one. He isolated himself, contrived to get his
rations when his tent-mates were out: he never allowed himself
a generous taste of his own good things, but endeavored to
extend them, like his own enlistment, " for three years, or dur-
ing the war." He looked mean, and he must have felt mean,
whenever he approached that box, which he secured by every
imaginable device ; and still he carried a burden heavier than
musket, accoutrements, and rations combined, whenever he left
camp on duty : he was anxious for his box, he worried about
that box ; and he was only relieved from misery when he had
reluctantly swallowed the last ounce of butter, the final bit of
cheese, or the bottom spoonful of honey. That which so en-
nobled the many, both in the sending and the receiving ; which
voiced the freest generosity and proclaimed the prodigal re-
sources of the land for whose integrity he fought all this, by
a patent and painful contrast, only served to belittle such a man
until he shrank so small among his fellows that one of his own
well-guarded fruit-jars seemed of ample dimensions in which to
preserve him as an abiding curiosity, a rare evolution of the
war. A curiosity, for he was neither a representative nor a
common character. There were but few like him in any com-

88 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

pany, and in some companies possibly there were none. But
he was to be found in every battalion, more or less, and helped
to round out the multifarious phases of humanity aggregated,
and to some extent harmonized, in a volunteer regiment. He
must have been the man who used, at home, to stop his clock
at night so that it would not wear out so fast, said they
"didn't want to know the time nights, and it would save the
works."

Among all the turmoils and consternations incident to a sud-
den and unexpected move, the box was no insignificant element
in the general perplexity. When a regiment has settled itself
in winter quarters, has built and furnished its stockades, and in
a thousand neat and soldierly ways put the stamp of cosiness
and homeliness upon its rude but really comfortable tent-roofed
cabins, it is hard indeed to have the orderly poke his head
inside the doors after nine o'clock at night, and simply an-
nounce, " Be ready to march to-morrow morning at nine
o'clock." It was enough. First, silence ; then a storm of in-
dignation, followed soon by a roaring tide of jollity ; for the
reserve thought and force of the Union volunteers were always
exercised to make the best of all adverse situations. In ten
minutes the entire camp was ablaze with bonfires ; being fed
with floors, uncouth tables, all sorts of improvised camp-furni-
ture and fixtures, and indeed by every available bit of wood.
Articles which half an hour earlier were hoarded with jealous
care are now tossed to the flames with glee and shouts.

An army about to break camp after a long stay presents,
especially at night, a spectacle weird and grand. A tumult of
most orderly confusion surges from headquarters to wagon-park
and mule-corral. There is a general tearing up and stowing of
all that is to go, and a general destruction of all that must be
left behind. Friendly negroes in the vicinity " tote " off mis-
cellaneous property to their full gorging : sly importunings and
slyer trades are negotiated with avaricious teamsters in order to
assure the transportation of cherished adjuncts of camp-life.
But, even when the Fourteenth had six wagons all to itself,
there was a limit to transportation capacities. What was to

THE TOUCHSTONE BOX. 89

become of the box ? Our narrow-gauge comrade had now-
reached the acme of his suffering, and he was surrounded by
the culminating circumstances of his box torment. No teamster
would look at his precious box, for he never dreamed of the
liberality of a twenty-five-cent bribe ; and, when he did realize
the Archimedean idea of a proper leverage, it was too late to
get it under that box.

Throughout the camp there is a general feasting; and a jolly
great repast it is, segregated banqueters in every mess prepar-
ing and consuming every nice tidbit which cannot be carried.
The hum of busy preparation; the running to and fro; the
crash of deserted and doomed edifices ; the song, the shout, the
merry challenge, all mingled in a welling though not bois-
terous uproar, forming a unique and fitting orchestral accom-
paniment to that night banquet of December 20, 1862, at
Offutt's Cross Roads. It was a scene never to be obliterated
from the picture-gallery of the veteran's memory. Yet our
anxious friend is all out of place, and out of joint mentally.
His box is the biggest sort of an elephant on his hands. He at
length plunges into it, and for two hours eats all he can ; but
his stomach plays him a mean trick, and soon refuses to act as
a general provision warehouse. He cautiously doles out some
of the commonest articles to his near comrades, who, realizing
the situation, are not demonstrative at his generosity. But the
time for departure nears rapidly ; and in sheer desperation he
throws open to all about him his precious box, after carefully
cramming his knapsack and haversack beyond any intention of
the maker. Not five miles does he proceed on the march, before
he utterly breaks down under his extra load ; and he has the
satisfaction of getting thoroughly fagged out in order to supply
a lunch at a wayside halt for a dozen of his companions in line.
However, through all that winter in Poolesville, he never forgot
his unparalleled hospitality, nor did he permit the recipients to
forget it, and eagerly did he strive to build upon it a reputation
for liberality ; but they remembered what he ignored, that every
mouthful he dispensed was extorted by an inevitable necessity.
His one enforced beneficence could not save him.

90 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

" The mouse that always trusts to one poor hole
Can never be a mouse of any soul."

Ill this reference to boxes from home, no mention is made of
the magnificent charity and noble Christian philanthropy touch-
ing the suffering soldiers at every point, so constantly and effi-
ciently, by the boxes coming through the sanitary and Christian
commissions, as they are fittingly recognized under another title.

January 6, 1863, it was ascertained that acting brigadier-gen-
eral, Col. P. S. Davis of the Thirty-ninth Mass., was outranked
by Col. Jewett of the Tenth Vt. ; and the latter assumed com-
mand of the brigade. Col. Jewett was a genial, popular officer ;
and the change was welcomed. Thursday, the 8th, was a
holiday in the Fourteenth; for the greenbacks fell gently as
snow-flakes, and the paymaster was the most popular official in
the country. It was the first pay-day ; and there were lively,
jolly times in Poolesville for a few days. Sutler Farr held an
" opening," and opened almost every thing in the edible line
that his tent contained. Then the sutler-checks came in to
plague their lavish purchasers, and great was the astonishment
among those who had kept no account of the dollars' worth
they had ordered the sutler to deduct from their monthly pay.

On the 13th and 14th of January there seemed to be a con-
junction of bounty-jumpers' planets over Poolesville. They had
waited to draw their first pay ; they had seen enough of the
Fourteenth ; had more than used up their stock of patriotism,
and they deserted. Five men from E, H, and K ; while C, in
order to stand unrivalled, sent five from itself, all Frenchmen :
they probably went home to get ready for Sedan.

For the next six weeks camp-life at Poolesville moved on in
a monotonous routine of drilling, camp-guard, picket-duty, with
daily details for wood-chopping. The men were not really over-
worked; but tlie"exposu,re was severe, and its results were sadly
apparent. The Fourteenth suffered more than the Thirty-ninth,

* A

SPARKS AND POWDER. 91

camped near by, but on higher ground. There was a good deal
of sickness and several deaths. The weeding-out process began,
the weaker ones going to hospital or receiving discharges.
Each company had its impostors, who began a systematic
"playing off" in order to get home. There were many cases
of measles, most of them taking a favorable turn. Happily,
nearly all of the private medicine-chests were exhausted ; the
self-doctoring patients taking homoeopathic remedies in allo-
pathic doses. Battalion drills were in order ever}- week-day,
with company drills in the morning and dress-parade at night.

March 2 the regiment began the exercise of firing, drawing
its first blank cartridges that day. At this season the men
were making rapid progress and showing creditable proficiency
in drill, both in movement and manual. Some of the companies
lacked thoroughness of training, and did not improve so rapidly
as was necessary to high excellence in the exercises with the
musket, and to perfection in marching ; but the men only re-
quired intelligent and appreciative handling for the attainment
of a rank above the average of the crack regiments in the vol-
unteer forces.

There occurred at this time, March 9, one of those incidents
which, in such a body of men, acts very much as a firebrand
may in a powder magazine. It showed, that, under certain con-
ditions, a military camp is a very inflammable and dangerous
establishment. Members of the regiment had been in the habit
of " drawing " straw for camp-purposes from surrounding farm-
stacks, and doubtless the practice had considerably exasperated
the constant losers. On the day in question, a musician of
Company K, John L. Smith, went outside the lines to replenish
his supply of straw. He returned with one bullet-hole through
his hand, and another in the leg, reporting that he had been
fired upon by some unknown enemy while coming into camp
with his straw. Within ten minutes, more than that number of
inflammatory and contradictory rumors were galloping through
the company streets ; and each retailer felt bound to embellish
his story sufficiently to gain it a hearing. It was confidently
asserted and generally believed that the act was that of a Rebel

92 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

bushwhacker, who shot the musician because he was a Union
soldier. There seemed to be no doubt that the owner of the
plundered straw had something to do with the attempted assas-
sination. Excitement grew to anger, and anger changed to
fury. The men gathered in groups, and it was understood that
plans of revenge were formed. It was evident that some rash
work was contemplated, and the colonel doubled the guards.
As night came on, special precautions were taken, and peremp-
tory orders issued to shoot every man who attempted to forcibly
cross the line. The officers were so firm, that the violent ele-
ment was overawed; and, while nearly one-half of the Four-
teenth assembled about eight o'clock, the demonstration was
utterly quelled, as no venturesome leader appeared to take the
risk of leading and directing the sortie.

The retaliatory programme included the burning of every
building of the offending owner of the straw, and it is quite
possible that the enterprise might have gone farther and been
more disastrous. Indeed, it afterward transpired that an or-
ganized plan had been laid to make a raid on Poolesville ; and,
had the project been carried out, a foul stain must have sullied
the fame of the Fourteenth, which never in the whole course
of its history was disgraced by any conspicuous act of lawless-
ness. The sally mentioned was frustrated in this wise : when
the rush was made after dark, one of the guards fired his piece,
which called out the colonel ; and the facts were reported to
him. He at once ordered every orderly-sergeant to fall his men
in for roll-call. All who could, of those outside, rushed back
to answer to their names. Officious friends responded for
many of the absentees ; and so anxious were they that all should
be accounted for, that, when the name of a man who had been
dead two months was called by mistake, " here ! " was promptly
returned from the ranks. The prompt vigilance of Col. Wilson
saved the regiment from a gross act of outlawry. Every effort
was made to discover the one who did the shooting, but not
even threatened hanging succeeded in disclosing the offender.

It was a long winter at Poolesville, much longer than any
subsequent winter could have seemed to the regiment under

THE WAR AND POLITICS. 93

similar circumstances. It was seen that the war was likely to
continue beyond all of the expectations entertained when the
regiment entered the service. There was a general dissatisfac-
tion with the management of the armies, a fact not less potent
because the prevalent opinion was not an intelligent one.
Among soldiers a rumor is often accepted as a fact, and a preju-
dice does duty for a correct judgment. In this respect a sol-
dier differs from the generality of mankind only in this, that
his sources of information are more limited, save when stationed
on routes of communication or at some great centre. The
members of the Fourteenth were decided and outspoken in
their opinions upon all the questions raised by the war; and
partisan politics found able and earnest debaters, some of the
companies being quite evenly divided at this period of the regi-
ment's history. Later in the war the prevailing sentiment was
so nearly unanimous that there was no interest manifested in
any purely political discussion.

Some of the officers procured furloughs and went home. In
a few cases of peculiar family affliction, enlisted men went home
for ten days. These exceptional amenities only intensified the
tedium of those who could not go. Every case of sickness was
a reminder of possibilities in the future. The above are some of
the considerations which drew out the winter of 1862-63 to a
weary length. Yet the discipline of that winter was invaluable ;
for the Fourteenth attained a homogeneity so strikingly mani-
fested in later and crucial hours of trial, and which it could not
have secured in its broken and detached duties in Washington,
nor in any of its subsequent campaign experiences. The con-
solidating influences so effectually exerted at Poolesville upon
the regiment to a great extent account for the brilliant record
which it wrung out from circumstances and conditions so ad-
verse that its inherent superiority was eminently conspicuous.

The regiment was in the habit, on battalion drill, of forming
a hollow square against cavalry, and returning to line of battle
while on the double-quick. Capt. Hyatt, an experienced cav-
alry officer, declared that he never saw a regiment of infantry
perform the manoeuvre with such celerity.

94 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

There was much to relieve the monotony of winter quarters in
that old, staid Maryland town, still under the domination of the
slave-holders' regime. Provisions could be obtained from neigh-
boring plantations, the charges not being exorbitant ; the slaves
in the vicinity were ready to assist the Yankees so far as pru-
dence allowed; the various episodes which soldiers can create
and enjoy were frequent and spicy enough to furnish zest for
idle hours ; the drills, details, parades, sly foraging escapades,
and the thousand and one events of military life, these were
alleviating elements which recur to our veterans, and which
cause Poolesville to be remembered pleasantly among the sta-
tions occupied during the war.

Peter would have his little jokes ; and his ingenuity in devis-
ing, and patience in execution, always made them a success.
Among his tent-mates at Poolesville was a corporal, who, as

Orderly L used to say, was " liable " to practical jokes.

One evening, when the corporal was on duty with the first
relief of camp-guard, he had arranged with the lieutenant of
the guard, as was customary, to go to his company quarters
from eleven o'clock to three for a four-hours' sleep in his own
bunk. Peter, having a knowledge of this fact, was observed
by his tent-mates, as they looked up from their reading and
euchre during the evening, to be busy whittling : after eight
o'clock roll-call at tattoo, some one asked Peter what he had
been up to. " I've been making a ' Quaker candle ' and some
matches for the corporal to light when he comes in." An ex-
amination of his work showed it to be a perfect reproduction in
wood of the candle that always stood in the candlestick on the
shelf behind the little sheet-iron stove. In place of the wick
was a long opening filled with powder, in which was inserted a
fuse made of paper and colored black with ink, a perfect imita-
tion of a burnt wick ; two or three cards of bogus matches had
been also manufactured : and, when the three taps of the drum
in the company street proclaimed " lights out," the candle
and matches were in their accustomed place on the shelf ; and
the seven occupants of the tent were patiently waiting for the
second relief to go on guard.

CAMP ANTICS. 95

Soon after eleven the door opened, the corporal stepped in,
took off his equipments, hung them on the peg, put his gun in
the rack at the foot of the bunks, and started along carefully to
light the candle. Scratch went the match down the stove-pipe,
but no light ; then another, and another, with equally unsatisfac-
tory results ; with a smothered imprecation on the matches, he
tried half a card at a time until they were all gone. Remem-
bering that one of the boys was a smoker, and invariably had a
supply of matches in his vest-pocket, he reached for the vest, and
obtained a match. As the flame increased in size, seven pairs
of half-closed eyes were watching the corporal as he took the
candlestick in his left hand, and, with the lighted match in his
right, carried it to the wick. Fizz-z-z-z went the candle ; back
jumped the corporal, striking the stove, over which he fell into
one of the bunks ; while such a chorus of shouts went up from
the four bunks as aroused the whole company, and called from
the officer of the day threats to put all the occupants of the tent
in the guard-house, should such a disturbance be again repeated.

Spring had come, and the kaleidoscope was ready for another
turn and combination. April 3 the winter status was disturbed,
the right wing being ordered to picket-duty on the Potomac
between Seneca and Great Falls. Lieut.-Col. Barker went in
command of the detachment. This move presaged a complete
disruption of the Poolesville camp.

Just before starting, an incident occurred of some interest to
those concerned in the affair. A fine turkey, which had been
provided for an approaching wedding, was " confiscated " by
some of the boys, who anticipated a feast. But their expecta-
tions were rudely shattered ; for Lieut.-Col. Barker, hearing of
their performance, obliged them to return it to the mourning
owners.

A certain Mr. Poole, living opposite the church in Pooles-
ville, in which a part of the regiment was quartered, had about
sixty hens and chickens when the boys entered the place ; but,
when they left for other scenes, the only representative of his
large flock was one old setting hen, who was too thin to present
any attractions to the eager foragers.

96 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

The detachment was broken up at Seneca Falls; Capt. Hodg-
don, in command of Companies D and B, being ordered to
encamp there ; while Lieut.-Col. Barker, with the remainder,
proceeded about two miles farther down the river. The com-
panies which were relieved at Seneca Falls had not kept as
strict a watch for contraband goods as was required. Previous
Union officers in command had been somewhat blinded to their
duty by the hospitalities which they accepted from those plant-
ers who were engaged in smuggling, and quantities of goods
had crossed the river without restraint. But the change that
took place when the detachment of the Fourteenth occupied
this position was interesting, though not altogether agreeable
to the aforesaid planters. The slaves, seeing that their confi-
dence was sought, and the society of the wealthy owners
avoided, became communicative, revealing to the soldiers the
secret work going on around them.

The first night in camp here was thoroughly uncomfortable,
a severe snow-storm setting in before the tents were all up.
The former camp here had been on low ground, and the men
had suffered much from sickness. A new location was selected
on high ground, overlooking the river for some distance in both
directions ; and, as the air was excellent, the health of the men
was good.

One evening a slave from the plantation on which the men
were encamped brought information to Capt. Hodgdon that he
had seen a wagon, which he suspected to contain goods, enter
the forest about two miles away. The next morning he led a
party to the spot designated, where a close search revealed from
three to four thousand dollars' worth of goods secreted in a
ravine, to wait for a suitable opportunity to cross the river. At
night the command was separated into small detachments, and
a simultaneous descent made upon every house in the vicinity.
Two owners were arrested, and sent to the Old-Capitol Prison
in Washington. Information was received of other goods ; but
the regiment was ordered to Washington, preventing further
search. The owner of the plantation left the morning after the
search, and did not return until after the regiment had left for

Capt. Jno. W. Sturxevant. Lieut. S. L. Bailey.

Capt. Solon A. Carter.

Lieut. E. B. Howard.

Lieut. Jos. H. Hunt.

Company g Officers.

wvv.o^v*. iwu^ to , SVW.\.

A NIGHT ADVENTURE. 97

Washington, which gave rise to the suspicion that he was also
concerned in smuggling.

Lieut. Ira Berry took command of Company C, vice Capt.
Coombs discharged.

Capt. Chaffin of Company I, stationed at Great Falls, received
word soon after his arrival, April 9, that the Rebels were sus-
pected of having a line of communication across the river about
a mile below the camp. An incident which befell Sergt. Stow-
ell, acting as officer of the guard, served to strengthen this sus-
picion. During the night, which was very dark, the sergeant
set out alone to visit the outer post by the river. This could
only be reached, after leaving the canal, by a long and crooked
path through the woods. When about half a mile from camp,
he heard the sound of horses' feet, and, hurrying forward, saw
two mounted men coming out of the path, and turning down by
the canal. An order to halt only caused them to spur their
horses forward, and the sergeant's instant discharge of his
rifle accelerated their speed. On reaching the post, the men
stationed there were found on the alert, having been aroused by
a peculiar whistle from across the, river. They had put out
their fire, and were so eagerly on the watch for enemies,
that Sergt. Stowell was nearly fired upon before he was recog-
nized. Investigation showed that the horsemen had approached
near enough to see the reflection of light from the fire, and had
then hastily retreated. The next morning blood was found for
some distance along the tow-path, showing that the ball fired
had taken effect.

April 13 the left wing received marching orders, destination
unknown. The surmises and predictions which were ventured,
in the light of history three months later, seemed wonderful and
amusing. Two days after the Thirty-ninth struck its tents,
marched for Washington, joined the Army of the Potomac three
months later, just after Gettysburg ; and the Fourteenth never
met it again. Three days afterward, on the 18th, the Four-
teenth broke camp. As heretofore, the regiment, although the
right wing had gone, and left desolation brooding over a large
part of the camp, contemplated an abandonment of its winter

98 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

home with sincere regret. There was now no effort made to
transform every soldier into a pack-horse, and. the marching
order on this day indicated the regiment's rapid advance toward
campaign efficiency.

A surprise awaited the men, as the regiment was marched
but one and a half miles, when a halt was sounded ; and it went
into camp, being joined there by a portion of the Tenth Vt.
Forcibly expressed was the disgust over camp-furniture, which
had disappeared in smoke, and which might have now been uti-
lized, but for a premature exuberance of pyrotechnic playfulness,
which always possesses a body of troops when they are about to
leave a locality, and can find any thing to burn. It seemed that
it was intended as a position of some permanence ; as four com-
panies of the Twenty-Third Me., Sleeper's Battery, and Com-
pany I of the Sixth Mich. Cavalry joined, on the 19th, the force
already there. Yet here again the rank-and-file expectation was
entirely at fault, so far as the Fourteenth was concerned ; for
the next morning line was formed at 7.30 o'clock, and the march
for Washington, via Edward's Ferry, was begun. At the ferry
the men were relieved of their knapsacks, which were piled on
a canal-boat, together with such of the men as were really ailing,
or smart enough to make the officers believe they were. A
good march twenty-one miles was made that day; the sev-
eral picket detachments of the right wing falling into line as
they were reached on the tow-path of the canal.

The bivouac that night was at Great Falls, a place of consid-
erable importance as a point of distribution of goods for the
inland trade, but at the time mentioned was much abandoned
and more dilapidated on account of a prejudice entertained by
the former inhabitants against frequent interviews with both
Union and Rebel shells, which had got into a habit of almost
periodically screeching over and into the little hamlet with a
sort of triple location on river, canal, and gorge. The last part
of the march that day was made in a cold rain ; and when the
inevitable delay followed the halt at night while quarters were
being allotted, deserted buildings were occupied, the limbs
of the men so stiffened that they were moved with difficulty.

THE CHILL OF A BIVOUAC. 99

The writer, after standing for a few minutes in an immense
windowless warehouse, became so much like a ramrod that
neither back nor legs would bend at all ; so that four comrades
more supple took him and laid him like a statue on his blankets.
The officers were fortunate in securing a deserted dwelling,
which the occupants had vacated so abruptly that one room
was still carpeted ; so that the officers luxuriated upon that car-
pet as a downy bed.

Great Falls was the theatre of a ludicrous spectacle the next
morning when the line was formed and the march resumed. A
tidal wave of ephemeral rheumatism had swept over the entire
command. An extra cup of coffee was needed all round: while
those who made every military move pivot on a pint of commis-
sary whiskey, did a great deal of lively limbering up ; but, while
their tongues were unusually lithe, their marching qualities
were in no wise superior to those who depended on tea and cof-
fee. The Fourteenth was well represented on canal-boats that
day : but, as the day advanced under a genial sun, the men
recovered ; and by the time Georgetown was reached, at four
P.M., nearly all of the disabled ones were able to fall in and
pursue the march through Georgetown and Washington. The
route lay up New- York Avenue to the north-easterly outskirts
of the city in Gale's Woods, below the eminence on which then
stood Finley Hospital. Here, in Camp Adirondack, at 7.30 in
the evening of April 21, the Fourteenth went into quarters
which it was to occupy for three-fourths of a year. This camp
was delightfully, though rather unhealthily, located in an oak-
grove on undulating ground. The quarters consisted of A tents
on four-foot board walls. The line-officers' tents were located on
a terrace across a gully from the company streets, wdiile the field
officers' and headquarters' tents were still more elevated farther
to the rear. In front of, and sloping down from, the parade-
ground in front of the camp, was the line of cook-houses, with
a sizable brook running near by. In many respects Camp
Adirondack was a model.

100 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

THE COOK-HOUSE.

Among the impenetrable mysteries of camp-life, the company
cook-house was chiefest. It is to be understood, that when a
regiment had become well mellowed, trimmed of superfluities,
and disciplined down to hard knocks, swift motions, and the
bottom realities of actual service in the field, cook-houses were
abolished, cooks relegated to the ranks, and all their utensils
and privileges stored and forgotten. But in the palmy, nascent
era, when a regiment had more b.aggage-wagons than were
accorded to a division in the field, then it Avas that the cook
shone in his glory; and the cook-house was his citadel and sine-
cure. "For ways that are dark, and for tricks that are vain,"
the average company cook would put to shame all the heathen
Chinese on the Pacific coast. The portal of this culinary tem-
ple of Janus, contradicting tradition, was barred to the common
herd: its precinct was sacred, and its contents dubious. It
was generally suspected that it contained something much nicer
than was ever dealt out to the men through the narrow ration
window, which somehow reminded the timid recruit of a port-
hole, with the irate autocrat inside training a ten-pounder on all
intruders.

It was a mystery to the common soldier how it chanced that
some were so favored as to be admitted to the frying-pan sanc-
tum, using it as a dining-room, while others were rigorously
excluded. It was averred that second and third rations were
not impartially distributed. It was strongly suspected that the
choicest bits of meat and the occasional dainties purchased, or
extras issued, never got outside of a select ring, which glorified
the cook and absorbed the cream of the commissariat. Doubt-
less our friend, the grumbler, instigated all this malevolent criti-
cism. The cook-house proved an interminable worry to all the
sensitive ones, who would have rested as quiet and complaisant
as the cook himself had they been admitted to the ring. But
the complaints were as persistent as they were useless. The
cook held his position by favor of the captain ; and no army-
corps commander was ever more independent in his realm than

SOMETHING ABOUT RATIONS. 101

were those cooks, all subservient as Uriah Heep on one side and
as inexorable as Shylock on the other. Many and wrathful
were the inferences drawn from the fact that some cooks were
in the habit of scrutinizing the next applicant in the line before
preparing the ration, and it was doubted that all the inequalities
were accidental.

The company officers, in many cases, messed from the com-
pany stores ; and here again there arose a great source of anxiety.
The suspicious warriors declared that the officers got all the best
of the rations, and that they did not pay their full share ; and it
was alleged that some paid nothing at all. The cook was as
mum as a sphinx. But there was a more serious grievance.
With some regiments the commutation system was practised for
a time. The governmental allowance was so generous that
there was often a superfluity of many articles of diet. Regi-
ments and companies might refrain from drawing their full
allowance of any article issued, and the same was commuted in
cash. In this way some companies saved a large sum, which
was generally expended in purchasing delicacies and fresh
edibles not drawn from the commissary. The money was
drawn for the company by its commanding officer, and there
were entire companies uncharitable enough to believe that their
captains never remembered to pay over or expend for their men
the full amount due. But let us defend the cook-house and its
sovereign ; for, while the picture we have drawn is absolutely
true, we believe it is representative of the minority, while the
great majority were just, and genuine good fellows.

Just relieved from twenty-four hours of arduous service, our
detachment files into camp. Accoutrements are hung on the
tent-pole; blankets unrolled and piled on the bunk; chum or
bunk-mate pours what water remains in the canteen on our
head and hands, developing a clean bit of skin here and there ;
a flourish and a roll from our little, gray-headed, pleasant-faced
old drummer, and, with shrill fife-screeches leading the brusque
rolls of the drum, the dinner-call is sounded. We seize plate,
cup, and iron spoon ; and before the orderly-sergeant can give
the order, " Company F, fall in for rations," each man of seventy

102 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

or eighty makes a dive for a position as near the right of the
line as possible ; as the orderly, for all "grub " purposes, ignores
the usual formation, and it is a go-as-you-please race for the best
place.

Who forgets the "right face," the single-file tramp to rations
under the oaks of Camp Adirondack, or on the rolling plain of
the winter's camp in Poolesville ? In the gray of dawn and the
twilight of evening we made our doughty tin-plate assault upon
that stronghold of an ungarnished cuisine. And such appe-
tites ! Say what you will, Uncle Sam was " a good provider."
The coffee and tea were excellent generally : so was the sugar
and the meat. The range of supplies included all that could be
reasonably expected. Never since battles were set on the earth
was there such a commissariat for such an unparalleled host.
Never were soldiers so well and so bountifully fed as were the
Union troops in the war of the great Rebellion. There were
cases of severe and perhaps unnecessary hardship, where hard
service and inadequate rations were joined in one experience ;
but it was either an inevitable calamity of war, or the fault of a
single officer. The government did all and more than could have
been expected, and let him stand in deserved contempt who
arraigns her for any neglect in the general commissariat.

The veterans of the Fourteenth Regiment will unite in
according to guerilla Moseby the credit of being an extraordi-
nary meddler in the commissary department. One of his
pleasant pranks was observed near Berryville, in the Valley,
where he cut forty wagons out of a supply-train one night, and
got safely off with them ; the drivers of the front and rear being
entirely ignorant of the rencontre, as elsewhere mentioned. A
history of the wagon-train experiences of Sheridan's campaign
in the Shenandoah Valley would form a romantic story. On
one occasion the Rebs got so much of the Union "salt horse"
and "trimmings" that the men had to stretch two days' rations
into three; and at another time, when hard marching was in
order, three days' provisions were eked out to meet five days'
hunger. Then dawned the palmy era of graters made from
split canteens ; meal grated out of corn in the milk, with mar-

THE COLOR-SERGEANT'S BEANS. 103

vellous dishes consequent. Instead of " two women grinding at
the mill," one blue blouse held the punched-canteen moiety while
another grated the corn, cob, and his knuckles; the savory
viands being relished with preparations of apples just set from
the blossom.

If baked beans are an exponent of culture at the Hub of the
Universe, stewed beans were the concomitant of patriotism and
the physical basis of bravery. Beans were a strong point in the
valley commissariat, and the men clung to their stews with
touching tenacity. At the battle of Fisher's Hill the dish of
culture and commons was intimately connected with the honor
of the flag. The color-sergeant of the Fourteenth was devoted
to two objects, his country and his beans. Added to a native
courage, he brought to the support of the stars and stripes that
acquired, invincible steadiness always secured by a generous diet
of stewed beans garnished by a sufficiency of vitriol vinegar.
During the entire afternoon, while the preparations were going
on for the brilliant coup d'etat in which the battle culminated,
our hero of the colors was cooking his ration of beans, and had
just set him down to his most elegant stew, when " Fall in ! "
" Forward ! " were the commands which dissipated his anticipa-
tions. He weighed his duty against his beans, and was in
doubt. It was the best quart stew he had cooked for a month.
He would not desert his flag : he could not abandon his beans.
As a dernier ressort, he tied his steaming, soot-black pail to
his belt: the regiment filed out of the woods, formed line of
battle, and advanced to the charge. The color-sergeant was
observed to keep his eyes on the enemy and that dangling
pail ; and the track of the Fourteenth was strewn and marked,
not so much by corpses as by beans. Fisher's Hill was won,
but an excellent bean-stew was lost.

Long live, in memory, Virginia rails ! Thou little miracle of
tin cup, kettle, oven, stewpan, teakettle, coffee-pot, drinking-cup,
bean-pot, and sauce-dish, all in one, we would immortalize
thee in verse. In one day we have used thee to boil and drink
our coffee, stew sauce, cook beans, boil beef, soak hardtack, and
heat water. Thou hast taught us that living may be greatly

104 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

simplified. We see thee now, between the snapping rails of a
glorious camp-fire under the stars, which seem to be signalling
our thoughts home to the friends who, perchance, are watching
them too. Our supper is in that grimy tin kettle, and some
clumsy foot has tilted the precious dish until the whole satisfac-
tion of the evening is jeopardized. We arrange the cup and
disarrange the heedless lout. In the fragrant bubbling of that
insignificant quart cup is to be seen the salvation of the Union.

Camp Adirondack had just been vacated by the One Hundred
and Eighteenth N.Y., and that organization evidently had net
been governed by the ideas of neatness and of sanitary regula-
tion prevalent in the Fourteenth. At any rate, a vigorous
policing was at once entered upon with manifest results. In
spite of every precaution, there was a general appearance of
chills; and, later, typhoid swept through. the camp, and made
victims of some of the finest soldierly material of which the
regiment could boast.

The duty of the Fourteenth in the city of Washington was
more onerous than that of any previous or subsequent period in
its term of service. When the regiment first arrived in the
city, some opportunity was afforded for company drill ; but the
details soon grew so heavy that there were never enough men
in camp liable for drill, to make out of a company a decent
squad; and but twice during the entire stay in Washington was
there a battalion drill. The men were being trained in the most
delicate and responsible duties and trusts ever devolved upon
the most trusted troops.

Sunday afternoon, the 26th, dress-parade was held in the
presence of a throng of visitors. Several prominent army offi-
cers were present, and scores of the staffs of the military and
civil departments of government. Such a gathering of specta-
tors was a surprise and a novelty to the Fourteenth, and, in its
results, produced a marked effect upon the morale of the regi-
ment. A new pride was aroused; and officers and men per-

THE WHITE-GLOVED PETS. 105

ceived, that, as representatives of the Granite State in the
capital of the nation, the Fourteenth must rise to the dignity of
its opportunit} 7 . And here began what may be termed the
white-glove era in the history of the organization. Henceforth,
while in Washington, the men were never to appear on parade,
nor on several posts of regular duty, minus white gloves. Now,
the dirty, war-worn veterans of the Army of the Potomac
joined hands with Sherman's bummers in not only condemning,
but ridiculing, white gloves. Denunciation, sarcasm, and every
epithet of contempt, were employed against bandbox heroes,
parlor cadets, Lincoln's pets, etc. No exclamations of derision
appeared to be quite equal to their feeling for those who had
" soft places " in the allotment of duty. A regiment arriving
at the front in a field campaign, fully equipped and uniformed
according to regulations, was frequently hooted and jeered un-
mercifully by the tatterdemalion warriors, who were so far
removed from the refined amenities of home-life, that they
seemed to have almost forgotten that soldiers are not incapaci-
tated for efficient service by reason of wearing clean uniforms,
and performing their duty according to regulations. There
was often a reasonable pretext for the ridicule referred to.
Commanding officers of regiments, who were devoid of both
common sense and kindness toward the men, played the marti-
net in such a manner as to disgust even those who could ngt
join in the clamor against neatness and strict discipline. The
Fourteenth was happy in never being commanded by any officer
who was a mere martinet.

The state of opinion above delineated was partly to be ac-
counted for in the jealousy felt by troops at the front toward
those organizations somewhat permanently located in or near
some city or military station. Particularly was this true con-
cerning the regiments of infantry and heavy artillery stationed
in and about Washington. It is to be observed, however, that
contempt gave place to complacency whenever the complainants
themselves secured a desirable assignment. The jealousy was
natural, but the contempt and opprobrium unjust and unworthy
of a Union soldier.

106 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

A slur upon a soldier, because he was enabled and ordered to
dress somewhat like a gentleman, should never come from a
comrade, even if the latter must lie in mud with only a shelter-
tent to cover him. Some troops must perform such service,
and the best troops were needed in Washington as well as at
the front. Further, no regiment or number of regiments
monopolized this preferred duty. In Washington, there was
quite as much rotation as was consistent with efficient service.
The Fourteenth did spend nine months in the capital ; but its
duty was much more severe, and its losses by death far greater,
than on an active campaign. One fact should be remembered,
a fact conspicuously illustrated by the Fourteenth. The white-
glove regiments, those which marched with exactness rather
than as a strung-out mob, those which for shorter or longer
periods performed guard or special duty in Washington or
elsewhere, regiments which were most self-respecting in all
details of appearance, these invariably made a record, when
sent to the front and into battle, as brilliant for steadiness,
gallantry, and reliability, as that of any which boasted of its
freedom from red tape, strict discipline, and conformity to pre-
scribed details. Neat uniforms, polished brasses, and white
gloves were necessary in Washington. In the trenches around
Petersburg, or on the march to the sea, they would have been
an absurdity.

The location of the Fourteenth in Camp Adirondack afforded
a training which admirably rounded out its military discipline,
prepared it for subsequent fighting, and wonderfully enlarged
its military experience. The latter consideration cannot be
overestimated. Many a Union regiment served its country
faithfully, heroically, but in a narrow channel of training,
observation, and general martial experience. The army experi-
ence of the Fourteenth was so varied, covered so much terri-
tory, embraced so many conditions, relationships with prominent
men and events, that the three years of its existence was an
education for its members of inestimable value, and gave it high
vantage ground for observation and comprehension of war.

On the 3d of May, while the Army of the Potomac was

Capt. T. A. Ripley.

Capt. N. L. Chandler.

Capt. W. E. Cobleigh.

jeut. Col. O. H. Marston. I

Lieut. A. F .Hussey.

Lieut. D. H. Pillsbury.

Lieut. H. P. Page.

Lieut. Col. and Line Officers.

GUARDING THE JOHNNIES. 107

wrestling with treason on the Rappahannock, in the dreadful
and disastrous throes of Chancel! orsville, the Fourteenth took
a step forward in its preparation for conflict efficiency by ex-
changing its old smooth-bores for a good pattern of arms, the
Springfield rifle. The next day the regiment performed escort
duty at the obsequies of Brigadier-Gen. Plummer, a service
further referred to in the article " Music in the Army."

May 7 the Fourteenth, or rather seven companies of it,
Companies K, E, and G remaining in the city, went on a
genuine picnic excursion ; and both officers and men entered
thoroughly into the spirit of the occasion, and made the most of
the opportunity. Orders came to march with three-days' ra-
tions : and the march was soon found to mean a most agreeable
railway and steamboat excursion to Fort Delaware, via Balti-
more, Philadelphia, and the Delaware River, for the purpose of
escorting one thousand two hundred and sixty Rebel prisoners,
officers and men, to snug quarters in the stone mansion
Uncle Sam's seaside resort in Delaware Bay.

On the way, guards and prisoners fraternized without re-
straint or the least manifestation of animosity. The Union
guards struck up some plantation melody ; and the Johnnies
joined heartily in the chorus, to the astonishment of most of
the regiment, who had entertained no such conceptions of the
possible relations of antagonistic parties engaged in a terrific
struggle. Capt. Hodgdon, sitting down by a Rebel captain,
remarked, " This does not look much like war ! " " No ! " the
captive officer replied. " And there is really no ill feeling be-
tween the men. The trouble was brought on by men in higher
stations, and these poor fellows must shed their blood to settle
it."

The above must not be taken as the prevailing sentiment
among the rank and file of the Rebel army. A large propor-
tion were desperately in earnest, and were animated by a spirit
of indescribable bitterness toward the North. It is an unde-
served slur upon the Rebel troops to intimate, as has been so
frequently done since the war, that they were not devoted to
their Confederacy. A heavy percentage of the soldiers of the

108 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

South was just as sincere, in its support of the Lost Cause, as
were the defenders of the Union ; and we may truthfully con-
cede, that, while they were less intelligent in their devotion,
their zeal in the maintenance of the Rebellion was more intense
than was the loyalty of the average Union soldier. It was
fanaticism matched with a cool, educated, and unswerving
national patriotism. It was at last only a question of filling
mouths at the front and stopping mouths at the rear. It was,
too, in the beginning, a question of flags. Could the Rebellion
have been fought under the stars and stripes, it might have
succeeded.

The prisoners under escort were captured at Chancellorsville,
were largely conscripted, and although under the redoubtable
Lee, and terrible fighters, were probably as little in sympathy
with the continuance of the war as any troops throughout the
South. The expedition arrived in Baltimore at midnight and
remained until morning, leaving for Philadelphia, which was
reached at eleven o'clock a.m. Again the Fourteenth enjoyed
the remarkable hospitality of the centre of Brotherly Love;
and the renowned cooper-shop Soldier's Refreshment Saloon,
resounded to the valiant play of the regiment's weapons of
gastronomies. The regiment, with those under its care, took
boat, and sailed down the Delaware to the fort.

At six p.m. of the 8th, the Fourteenth safely landed its
charge in Fort Delaware, and at midnight re-embarked, arriv-
ing in Philadelphia at daylight, where breakfast was taken.
That evening at seven o'clock the regiment was at home in
Camp Adirondack, having completed one of the pleasantest
trips in its history.

Immediately after its arrival in Washington, the Fourteenth
was assigned to duty at the Old-Capitol Prison, a notorious
place of confinement for prominent Rebel officers and prisoners
of state. On the very spot where a Fourteenth sentinel often
trod his day and midnight beat, Mrs. Surratt, one of the con-
spirators in the assassination of President Lincoln, was after-
ward hung. The guard-duty at the Old-Capitol Prison was
done by detail and not by detachment ; and such was the bur-

THE OLD-CAPITOL PRISON. 109

den laid upon the men, that often the same guards were on duty
every other day in addition to a march of three miles.

The writer was fortunate or unfortunate enough to be num-
bered in the first detail which relieved the previous guard. That
guard was from the One Hundred and Seventy-eighth N. Y., a
Dutch regiment, and the most utterly worthless and contempti-
ble military crowd that ever huddled into the ranks of a battal-
ion. The detail from the Fourteenth reached the prison on the
evening of April 22. The guard was halted in the street in
front of the prison, to await the exit of the old guard, in order
that the new detail might occupy the guard -room. The wait-
ing was greatly prolonged. The officer from the Fourteenth
went inside to learn the reason for the delay; and soon there
streamed forth, heavy on the air, a volume of cursing entirely
eclipsing the historic achievements of the army in Flanders.
It was out-Dutching the Dutch in a manner that would have
astounded Miles Standish. There being no indication of any
marshalling of the Dutchmen, the detail of the Fourteenth was
ordered inside ; and the men began to look about for blinking-
places. The officers of the One Hundred and Seventy-eighth
grew desperate, and tried again to get their men into line. Most
of them were asleep on the string of benches running round the
guard-room. No command or threat produced the least effect.
At last the officers went about rolling the men off the benches
as though they were logs. They were slapped, kicked, and
pricked out of the prison, and tumbled off to camp. At other
points in the city that regiment was relieved by the Fourteenth,
and something of such a ridiculous programme was re-enacted.

One incident well illustrates the character of this volunteer
buttress of the Union. On a certain day the morning report
showed over three hundred men fit for duty. From the district
headquarters a requisition was sent for a detail of a hundred
men. The colonel at once replied that he could not furnish
so many. His attention was called to his morning report ; to
which he responded by inviting some officer to ride over to the
regiment, and ascertain the cause. Lieut. C. D. Wright of the
Fourteenth, on Gen* Martindale's staff, did visit the camp of

110 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

the One Hundred and Seventy-eighth ; and the spectacle pre-
sented perfectly satisfied him that the colonel was correct.
One-third of all the men fit for duty were standing about the
camp on barrels and boxes as a punishment for drunkenness
and insubordination. Most of the remaining force was required
to guard, the offenders, while the officers were all needed, to
watch the guards.

The Rebel prisoners in the Old Capitol were among the most
intelligent of the Southern captives; and many and sharp were
the tilts between the best debaters in the Fourteenth, and the
Johnny officers. The captives in this prison were as well fed
as the Union guards ; and yet a majority grumbled at their
treatment, at the time when Yankee soldiers were being starved
and murdered in Southern prison-pens. The Fourteenth per-
formed guard-duty at this prison until toward the close of its
stay in the city, when it was relieved by the Veteran Reserve
Corps. Among the officers on duty there were Capt. Hodgdon,
Capt. Barker, Lieut. Hall.

On the 9th of May, 1863, an order came to the regiment for
a detail of one officer, two sergeants, five corporals, and forty
men to report to Capt. Robinson, A.Q.M., at Sixth-street Wharf.
The detail was similar to many which had previously been
made, and was supposed to be for guarding Rebel prisoners,
arriving from the front by steamer, from the wharf to Old-Capi-
tol Prison. The detail was in command of Lieut. Sturtevant,
and was composed of men from nearly every company in the
regiment. On arriving at the wharf, its duty was found to be
of a permanent character, relieving a similar detachment of the
Ninth N. J. Regiment, which had been stationed there for sev-
eral months. The command was quartered in barracks on Sixth
Street, near the wharf, the commander having a little cottage
just above them.

The duties of the detachment were guarding the quartermas-
ter's stores, and, with the assistance of Baker's detectives, the
examination of passes and baggage of all persons going to or
returning from the Army of the Potomac, which was then sta-
tioned at Falmouth : daily communication was maintained by

CRINOLINE AND WHISKEY. Ill

the steamer " John Brooks," which left the wharf every morning
at seven o'clock for Aquia Creek, and returned in the after-
noon at six o'clock. Vast amounts of sutler's supplies were
daily brought to the wharf for shipment to the front, all of
which had to be inspected, and checked off from invoices, before
they could be passed by the guard to the pier where the steamer
took on freight. Lieut. Mahaffy, of the staff of Gen. Patrick,
provost-marshal of the Army of the Potomac, had charge of
this inspection, being assisted by details from the detachment.
The regular duties of the post were not severe ; but so many
extra demands were made on the detachment, not only for
guard-duty, but also for manual labor, that the detail was not,
as many supposed, a " soft thing." Arrivals of steamers with
prisoners, hospital-boats loaded with wounded and sick men
from the front, arrived almost daily; and the entire detachment
was often on duty without relief for daj's in succession.

The smuggling of liquor to Alexandria and Giesborough
Point, to be sold to men in the camps at those places, was so
profitable as to tempt many to engage in it, requiring the con-
tinued vigilance of all on duty. Among the devices detected for
this smuggling was one practised by the apple and pie women,
who were accustomed to go down on the Alexandria boat to
sell their wares to the soldiers in camp and hospital. Among
their goodies were invariably the long black bologna sausages,
always at the bottom of the basket. One day a closer exam-
ination of the basket than usual disclosed a row of genuine
bolognas on top, and underneath six or eight skins filled
with whiskey. For a long time a richly dressed lady was no-
ticed coming from Alexandria two or three times a week on
the government boat. She always came to take the return
boat in a hack ; and the sergeant on duty observed that the
driver, in helping her from the carriage, was exceedingly care-
ful, and that her walk to the boat was slow and labored. After
close watching for several trips, it was decided to arrest the
woman, and search her. The result was, the finding of eleven
canteens of whiskey suspended from a belt about her waist,
concealed beneath the skirts of her dress.

112 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

At the lower pier of the wharf lay the President's steamer,
the " Carrie Martin," constantly under steam, and ready to
start at a moment's notice ; although she left her dock but four
times during the whole summer, three times with the Presi-
dent and friends, and once with the Secretary of War. Nearly
every officer of distinction in. the Army of the Potomac passed
the guard during the summer; and the sentinel's cry, "Turn out
the guard general officer !" was an almost daily occurrence.
The character of the duty required of the guard, and the dis-
tinguished military and civil officers that frequently visited and
passed them, compelled neatness in personal appearance on
their part, and a prompt and intelligent performance of the
service required of them. The arms and equipments of the
guard were in perfect condition, and were their pride through-
out their entire term of service.

On the 27th of June the detail at the wharf was changed,
and from that date, until relieved in February, 1864, was com-
posed entirely of members of Company G. Lieut. Sturtevant
was relieved on the 7th of November, 1863, by Lieut. Tolman
of the same company. The detachment remained until the
departure of the regiment from the city.

During the war the military authorities made use of two
prisons in the city of Washington, the Old-Capitol Prison,
east of the Capitol ; and the Central Guard-House, situated at
the junction of Louisiana Avenue and Tenth Street, near Penn-
sylvania Avenue. The Fourteenth furnished guards for both
prisons during its eleven-months' duty in Washington ; but a
portion of the regiment were more familiar with the Central
Guard-House than with the Old Capitol, not because they were
often, or ever if I remember rightly, inmates of the prison, but
because nearly every man in the regiment was brought in con-
tact with the prison by being on duty there. The Central
Guard-House had been used as the common city -jail before the
war. It was not a very strong prison, nor was it well con-
structed as to convenience or sanitary advantages. It was
small, and looked more like the engine-house of some New-

THE CENTRAL GUARD-HOUSE. 113

England fire-company than a jail. It was built of brick with
stone floors, and consisted of a main building some forty feet
square and two stories high, with an L extending forty or fifty
feet to the rear from the centre of the building. This L was
two stories high, and was divided into cells on each floor,
located on each side of an alley down the centre. In the main
building, on the first floor, were rooms used as offices for recep-
tion and trial or examination of prisoners, propert}MX)om, and
guard-rooms. The second floor consisted of one large room,
No. 1, into which most of the prisoners were sent at first,
especially if citizens. There were usually from fifty to one
hundred prisoners in this room. All kinds and grades of peo-
ple, from the soldier found drunk on the streets, to men arrested
for murder,, and even what would now be termed "suspects,"
found their way to the Central Guard-House.

When the Fourteenth went to Washington from Poolesville
in the spring of 1863, it was put upon duty as patrols, guards
at bridges and ferries, military headquarters, storehouses, pris-
ons, etc. Capt. J. S. Cooper of the Tenth N. J. was in charge
of the Central Guard-House, having under him two officers,
taking twenty-four-hour tours, alternately, from noon to noon ;
and an ample guard, with sergeants and other subalterns. The
judge-advocate was Major J. P. Cilley of the First Me. cavalry.
Capt. C. M. Merritt of the Twentieth Mass. soon relieved
Major Cilley. When the Fourteenth was drawn upon to guard
the prison, Sergt. Paul was made prison-sergeant. May 26
Lieuts. Stark Fellows and Carroll D. Wright were detached from
the Fourteenth by order of Gen. Martindale, commander mili-
tary district of Washington, and detailed for duty at Central
Guard-House. Lieut. Ira Berry, jun., afterwards relieved
Lieut. Fellows ; and Lieut. Solomon of the One Hundred and
Seventy-eighth N. Y. relieved Lieut. Wright the last of June.
Lieut. Berry relieved Capt. Cooper, and was placed in charge
of the prison. Other officers of the Fourteenth, among them
Lieut. George F. Blanchard, were subsequently on duty at the
Central Guard-House. During this summer of 1863 the prop-
erty-clerk was Sergt. F. C. Horner of the Seventy-sixth N. Y.,

114 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

and the clerks were R. N. Washburn of Thirty-ninth Mass.,
J. P. Cherry of Seventy-sixth N. Y., and J. B. Davenport of
Twentieth Mass.

As above mentioned, the high and the low found quarters in
this prison, or rather quarters were found here for them. The
persons arrested by the patrols or the guards at bridges and
ferries were sent here for temporary confinement. In the morn-
ing all parties, unless held on the orders of the war department,
by Col. Baker's detective force, or by special order, were exam-
ined by the judge-advocate, and either returned to their regi-
ments, if soldiers, or over to the civil authorities if the offence
for which they were arrested was against the civil law, or were
held for disposition by orders.

Sometimes political prisoners were confined here ; and the boys
will well remember four or five nice old farmers from Virginia,
who were kept in a cell for several weeks, without charges
being prepared, or any action taken in the matter, until one
morning they were released. Honest old souls they were, and
they never knew why they were made to pass three or four
weeks in the vile vermin-lined cells of the Central Guard-
House.

One day as a colored regiment, one of the first organized,
was passing up the avenue in front of the treasury, a well-
known restaurant-keeper, who was looking on from the door of
his elegant saloon, made some remark concerning colored troops,
which was overheard by one of Baker's men, who at once
arrested Mr. H., and brought him to the Central Guard-House.
The high-toned prisoner was allowed the sumptuous plank seat
and bed of the property-clerk's room, and was fed from his
own kitchens. The officers of the Guard-House considered
him to be there unjustly, as he was known to be a loyal man,
and a personal friend of President Lincoln. Little Teddy
Lincoln came to the prison several times to console Mr. H. In
a day or two an order came down from the Secretary of War
or the release of Mr. H., for which the boys were very sorry,
as his kitchen furnished much better rations than did Uncle
Sam.

THE NOZZLE CURE. 115

The Island, especially that portion known as " Murder Bay,"
kept the prison well supplied with tenants. Scarcely a night
passed that some serious assault, if not murder, did not occur in
this quarter, and many a bloody and broken head was brought
in by the patrols. The city police and the patrols were not on
the best of terms ; and the patrols were obliged to preserve the
peace, as well as see that soldiers were not abroad without
passes.

The guard-house was an uncomfortable place for a drunken
man, especially if fighting drunk. A good dose of Potomac
water, applied through a hose upon the naked person of a drunken
man, had a most beneficial effect. It not only took out all sore-
ness resulting from exposure to the night air, but it took out all
conceit. A man full of rum, after this invigorating and health-
ful treatment, was a soberer and a cleaner man, and, if not
tractable, was willing, after the second or third treatment, to
tell where he obtained his liquor ; and the party supplying the
prisoner was generally as much astonished at the results of the
bath as was the soldier taking it. When sober the man was sent
to his regiment, under guard, with a letter from the officer on
duty stating all the circumstances.

No. 1, the general reception-room, presented an exceedingly
cosmopolitan appearance at all times, with its hundred or so
cut-throats, thieves, and other ruffians. The calling of the
roll in this room on a hot summer morning was not a very pleas-
ant duty. At the door were two sentinels, with loaded pieces
and bayonets fixed. The officer on duty, with the clerk, would
go into the room, have all the prisoners arranged on one side of
the room; and then, as the clerk called the roll, the officer would
see that each man, on answering to his name, stepped out, and
passed to the other side. The ugly glances, the character of the
prisoners, the slight guard, were circumstances which did not
tend to heighten the pleasure of roll-call in this department.
Many will remember one man, held for murder, Giacomi An-
tonelli, who made three attempts to take the lives of prisoners.
Such desperadoes served to keep the officers and men on the
alert. The Central Guard-House being only a prison for deten-

116 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

tion of arrested parties, we did not, except by accident or
neglect, have prisoners with us for a long time ; hence attempts
to escape were not very frequent, or very desperate, although
some were made.

Room No. 1 looked out on the avenue : and friends of parties
confined would sometimes, although warned to keep away, make
signs to those inside ; this usually resulted in the outside man
or woman taking a day or two inside, a proceeding which taught
them the foolishness of disobeying orders.

Lieut. Berry was in command at the Central Guard-House
some six months, and, while there, was commissioned captain of
Company H.

A single incident in connection with the Central Guard-House
well illustrates the quality of the service rendered by the Four-
teenth in Washington. One morning, when the general ar-
raignment took place of all the prisoners captured by the patrols
during the preceding twenty-four hours, the long list was
smoothly disposed of until an " ugly drunk " was reached, a
vicious specimen of a boy in blue. Sergt. A. B. Colburn of
Company F was in charge of the squad of prisoners. When he
reached the one in question, he ordered him to give up his
valuables for record and safe-keeping. The prisoner insolently
refused. After a second command and a more emphatic defi-
ance, the sergeant reached down into the culprit's pockets,
when he struck the sergeant a smart blow. Without uttering
a word, Sergt. Colburn seized the fellow by the collar with one
hand, and dashed him to the floor, jerking him upon his feet
again before he could know what the performance meant. This
sudden discipline was so effective as to largely neutralize the
" commissary whiskey," and he became at once as docile as a
lamb. While the duty performed at the Central Guard-House
does not constitute a very bright spot in the experience of the
Fourteenth, it was certainly an interesting experience. When
ordered to active service, the prison was left without regret.

One of the stations occupied by the Fourteenth was that at
Benning's Bridge over the Eastern Branch, near the Navy Yard.

Capt. D. A. Macurdy.

Capt. J N. Bruce.

t. F. M. Rhodes.

Lieut. J. W. Russell.

Lieut. G. D. Richardson.

Lieut. F. Wheeler.

Line Officers.

NAVY-YARD BRIDGE. 117

It was an important post, holding the key to communication
with south-eastern Maryland, one of the most pestiferous and
rampant sections of virtual Rebeldom, though nominally in the
Union. Capt. Hoclgdon, Lieut. Hall, and other officers of the
regiment, commanded the detachment.

A sharp lookout was kept here for contraband goods, espe-
cially liquors ; as a cavalry-camp on the other side of the river
offered a ready market for whiskey, and the prices paid rendered
the trade profitable. All sorts of stratagems were resorted to
by the smugglers. Loaves of bread were hollowed to contain
canteens, and demijohns were frequently concealed in loads of
stable manure : these were detected bv means of a lon<j sword,
used as a probe. One Irish woman was captured with about
five gallons of whiskey suspended in canteens from her belt, and
in bottles in a number of pockets. Her load was so heavy that
her walk led to her detection. One sergeant of Company B
became so expert in searching for liquor, that it was a shrewd
smuggler who could pass him with even a pint bottle. No one
was allowed to cross the bridge without passes. This is the
bridge crossed by Booth after his assassination of President
Lincoln.

May 27 a detachment from Companies C and F, under com-
mand of Lieut. Fosgate, entered upon guard-duty at G-street
Wharf, at the west side of the city, directly opposite the
grounds of the celebrated Arlington House. This wharf was
the northerly government landing, about one mile above Long
Bridge, and was used by the commissary department. The
quarters of the men were in a low, long building at the water's
edge ; and such quarters ! Immense wharf-rats and every breed
and style of rats, also all imaginable species of active vermin,
enlivened the tedium of guarding great warehouses of hard-
tack, beef, and pork. When the quarters were measurably
cleaned and made tolerable, the little detachment at G-street
Wharf settled down to a rather enjoyable service, the com-
mander being genial and accommodating, so that the men, while
held strictly to the performance of duty, were granted many
pleasant favors. Sergt. A. B. Colburn of Company F was,

118 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

during a portion of the time, sergeant of the guard at that post.
The detachment performed duty at this wharf until fall.

June 7 Lieut. Berry and Sergt. S. L. Gerould, with the ne-
cessary guard, made a trip to Philadelphia, guarding twenty
prisoners, and delivering them safely, beside making of it an
agreeable excursion.

It was observed by the Washington authorities, that provost
guard-duty was being done by the Fourteenth in a manner not
previously witnessed ; and the reliability of the men was highly
appreciated. Smuggling was almost wholly stopped; and,
when ten picked men from the regiment were put into citizen's
clothes as special detectives, the results they attained were
entirely satisfactory. One notable feature of the regiment's
life in Washington was the entire absence of any camp-guard,
save that in front of headquarters and over the commissary
stores, throughout the entire term of its service in that city.
There was every temptation, in such a city at such a period,
to the men ; but the officers had very little trouble with un-
authorized absences from camp.

Passes were granted as freely as the necessities of the service
would permit, each soldier being required to report at head-
quarters on his return. Who can forget the drunken gravity
and remarkable erectness and assumed steadiness of a few fa-
miliar characters as they marched up to the colonel's tent to
report? They had very inartistically mixed Loeffler's lager
and commissary whiskey ; but they wanted the colonel to under-
stand that they had returned sober, and fit for duty.

The Fourteenth was drawn into the outer circle of the great
maelstrom of 1863, whose centre was set to seething by the
Rebel commander in his northward movement for one grand
insrulfment of the Union cause. He made no failure in the
perfecting of his whirlpool, but the ship which finally plunged
into it was not the one he planned for.

Early in June, Gen. Lee organized his celebrated invasion of
the free States. On the 13th Ewell's and Longstreet's corps
were well into the Shenandoah Valley, moving from Warrenton
Junction through Manassas Gap. In fact, the entire Rebel

RAID ON WASHINGTON. 119

army of Northern Virginia, consisting of ninety-one thousand
infantry, twelve thousand cavalry, and the tinest complement
of field-artillery that was ever mustered by any army during
the war. Gen. Hooker, with the Army of the Potomac, moved
northward, east of the Blue Ridge, keeping his army between
Lee and the city of Washington ; but he was nearly a week
behind his wily foe.

To confront Lee, Hooker, after drawing from Gen. Heintzel-
man, in the defences of Washington, all but eleven thousand
efficient men, had barely a hundred thousand fit for duty. The
cause of the Union and the faith of the people touched nearer
down to utter hopelessness during the week preceding the 4th
of July, 1863, than at any other period of the war. The heroic
but oft-beaten Army of the Potomac was being led on a wild-
goose chase by Lee, and was exerting its supreme energy to
cover Washington and Baltimore ; Milro} 7 ", annihilated at Win-
chester, put the climax upon the defeats of Fredericksburg and
Chancellorsville ; Hooker displaced by Meade in the hour of a
fearful emergency; Grant in the toils of Pemberton and the
treacherous bayous at Vicksburg ; Banks helpless before Port
Hudson ; and Rosecrans idle for six months in Middle Tennessee,
such was the military position which pressed on the anxious
heart of President Lincoln and upon a despondent North
throughout that dreadful week.

Hooker crossed the Potomac near Edward's Ferry, and, when
he could not induce Halleck to give him the eleven thousand
men on Maryland Heights, resigned his command ; Gen. Meade
succeeding him. J. E. B. Stuart, whose audacity was his chief
element of success, crossed the Potomac, northward, at Seneca,
the 28th, thus putting his small cavalry force between the
Union army and Washington, building his camp-fires within
sight of that city.

A little after midnight, on the 29th, the Fourteenth was hur-
ried up to Fort Stevens, north of the city, to repel the threat-
ened raid on Washington ; but, if such a move was ever seriously
contemplated, it was quickly abandoned. The Fourteenth lay
in line of battle until daylight, and was then marched back to

120 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

camp. Before the regiment started upon its return, Capt.
Hodgdon accosted the colonel, inquiring how he had rested the
preceding night. The colonel replied, " Not very well : I had
to sleep in a dry-goods box, and it was about four inches too
short."

Since the war, reports have appeared in the newspapers of a
conspiracy to capture Washington about this time. The story
was sensational in some of its particulars, positively false in
others, and altogether improbable as told. The statement, that
Secretary Stanton was entirely ignorant of the plot, accompa-
nied by the admission that Baker's detectives Baker was but
Stanton's secret agent exposed the conspirac}', brings suspi-
cion upon the entire account.

In the latter part of June, Lieut. C. P. Hall was detailed in
charge of one division of the Invalid Detachment, and Lieut.
Holbrook of Company B in charge of another. The soldiers
in the hospitals were assigned to these detachments as soon as
they were able to do light duty, nursing, guarding around
hospitals, driving ambulances, etc., and remained in them until
ready to enter the field again. Lieut. Hall's division, number-
ing from four hundred to six hundred and fifty, included five
hospitals. His duties comprised the making-out of daily reports
from all the hospitals under his charge, issuing of passes to the
city, clothing, etc. Some of the men in this detachment had
not been with their regiments for months, and there were long
arrears of pay due them. Although it was not a part of his
work, Lieut. Hall performed a great deal of arduous labor in
looking up the pay-rolls, etc., and getting the pay for the men,
a service which was none the less valuable because it was
unrecognized and unrewarded.

July 2 Lieut. Tolman, with twenty-five men, started down
the Potomac on the steamer "Diamond State," with a squad of
deserters in irons. These men, recreant members of various
Union regiments, had been court-martialled and sentenced,
mostly to hard labor in the Rip-Raps, then the common prison
of Union soldier criminals. The weather was fine, the escape
from the city heat refreshing, and every point of interest was

DOWN THE POTOMAC. 121

viewed with zest and enjoyment. To every boy in blue, save
those in irons between decks, this trip down the historic Poto-
mac was one of the most delicious expeditions of their lives.
Past Alexandria, where the gallant Ellsworth was shot by a
cowardly Southern traitor ; sweeping round the bend at Fort
Washington ; then, with solemn toll of bell, sailing by Mount
Vernon and the tomb of Washington ; meeting government ves-
sels of every style and lading ; to and away from Aquia Creek,
the great base of supplies for the Army of the Potomac while
feeling after the back-bone of the Rebellion ; leaving Point
Lookout well on the port-bow the celebrated camp for Rebel
prisoners of war, and the point where the Potomac empties into
the Chesapeake, every bend and fresh phase of landscape was
a revelation of some striking scene in the sublime panorama of
the civil war, which never ceased to fill with wonder the minds
of those who were most intimately connected with its active
operations.

Late in the evening of the 3d, the dark walls of Fortress
Monroe loomed up ; but it was too late to gain admission to the
fort that night, so the steamer anchored in the offing. On the
morning of July 4 the detachment of the Fourteenth entered
the celebrated fortress, and delivered up its manacled charge.
It was the first anniversary of American independence which
those volunteers had passed in the service of their country, and
it was one of the most impressive they had ever experienced.
The thunder-peals of the great cannon at noon, as the national
salute was fired ; the parade of the exquisitely dressed and
accoutred regulars ; the ponderous casemates ; the monster
guns mounted en barbette ; the massive walls of this noted
monument of the Old Dominion, every feature of the military
and naval landscape, spread out from Capes Charles and Henry
to Hampton Roads, Newport News, and Norfolk, was calculated
to impress and thrill the patriotic soldier.

The luxuries of life were indulged in that day, surf-bathing
of the rarest quality being among the reminiscences of the
Independence Day cherished by the members of the expedi-
tion. Their pleasure would have been enhanced to the level of

122 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

ecstasy could they have heard the booming of the guns at
Vicksburg, surrendered that day, and the wild shouts re-
sounding over Cemetery Hill in Gettysburg, where the three-
days' desperate conflict was at that very hour culminating in a
triumph which was a blow at treason as significant of final doom
as it was of immediate disaster.

At five o'clock that evening the detachment went on board
an elegant and fast steamer for Baltimore ; the boat arriving
in the Monumental City early Sunday morning, July 5. There
the detachment remained all day, a portion of the men attend-
ino- church, while the remainder occupied the railroad station.
At six o'clock p.m. the train was boarded ; and the forty-mile
run was made in two hours, the men arriving in camp in season
for the melodies of tattoo.

In July, Capt. Hodgclon was detailed with a guard of about
thirty men to take a number of prisoners, Union soldiers,
mostly deserters, to their regiments at the front. They were
confined at Georgetown. One man, a large, powerful fellow,
was pointed out to the captain as having been sent to the front
three times, but. always managing to make his escape. He was
called out, and informed that he had better be prepared for
death, as his time would be short if he attempted to leave the
ranks. Orders were given to shoot him if he attempted to
desert. He was delivered safely at Brandy Station.

Arriving at Alexandria about three o'clock in the morning
on the return trip, application was made at the quartermaster s
department for transportation to Washington. Being offered
some " box-cars " standing on the track, in a filthy condition,
having been used to transport cattle, the captain indignantly,
replied, "Perhaps you did not fully comprehend my order.
These are not cattle, but men, and must have transportation
as such." He was finally provided with platform-cars ; and, as
the nio-ht Avas warm and the distance short, the ride was not
uncomfortable.

The duty of the Fourteenth, while in Washington, was not
only varied, but widely extended. Different detachments were
sent to New Hampshire on recruiting-duty, having charge there

RECRUITING IN NEW HAMPSHIRE. 123

of enlisted recruits as well as conscripts and substitutes for
nearly all of the New-Hampshire regiments. The emergencies
of a protracted struggle had necessitated a draft : and a reckless,
almost worthless, element was being enlisted into the Union
army, known as bounty-jumpers ; the substitutes for drafted men
being largely of the same character. July 20 Lieut. Fosgate
of F, and Sergt. Stowell of I, with five or six men, proceeded
to Concord, to the military rendezvous. The personnel of the
detachment was changed at different times during its service ;
Lieut. Sargent relieving Lieut. Fosgate, and Sergt. Martin of F
being also detailed for that duty. This detail was considered
especially fortunate, as the detachment was in its native State,
and short furloughs for visiting home were granted. This
detail not only had general charge of the recruiting rendez-
vous, but proceeded to different parts of the country in charge
of squads of recruits for nearly all of the New-Hampshire regi-
ments in the field.

August 26 the first squad of conscripts arrived in Concord.
September 9 Sergt. Stowell took the first detachment of these
recruits to Boston, en route for the front. Of course the men
entered the service, many of them, with the intention of desert-
ing. Of the first two who attempted it by jumping from the
train, one was shot and the other escaped. During one trip on
the " Forest City " to Morris Island with nine hundred recruits
on board, a desperate attempt was made to burn the steamer.
December 14 a large squad was taken to Covington, Ky. When
the recruits were sent to the front in charge of these picked
guards, the loss from desertion was comparatively small : it was
l under escort of the Invalid Corps that the wholesale stampedes
occurred. January 1, 1864, another detachment went to Ken-
tucky, in charge of Fourteenth men, but with Invalid-Corps
guards. The next morning after the arrival, more than one
hundred had decamped, to earn another substitute bounty.
Other trips were made to Boston, New York, Fortress. Monroe,
and Paris, Ky. January 26 the rendezvous was broken up, and
on February 1 the Fourteenth detachment reported in camp.
One of the most pretentious expeditions undertaken by the

124 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Fourteenth while in Washington was that to the Rebel prison-
ers' camp on Johnson's Island in the harbor of Sandusky, O., on
Lake Erie. Major Duncan, with a detail of two hundred men
from the regiment, started from Washington on July 31, 1863,
with a hundred and ten Rebel officers, captured at Gettys-
burg and adjacent points of conflict. The expedition proceeded
via Baltimore ; and at midnight of the first day, near York,
Penn., an accident occurred, which came alarmingly near to an
escapade of all the prisoners, and a serious catastrophe to all on
board the train. Soon after leaving a station, the train left the
track because of a turned switch : and but for the fact that it
had not attained full headway, a frightful accident must have
resulted, as the locomotive was stopped on the verge of a high
embankment with a rocky stream-bed below. The writer was
aroused by being unceremoniously hurled head first against the
saloon partition ; and, with several thumps and more shakes, the
train came to a halt. In the confusion of the moment half of
the prisoners might have escaped into the darkness ; but, by
appearances, few had any inclinations in that direction : and
Pennsylvania was a poor State for escaped Rebel officers. Had
the affair been located back in Maryland, a goodly number of
those leaders of Southern chivalry would never have seen San-
dusky in that party. The derailed train lay helpless until morn-
ing, the guards having been promptly formed in a cordon about
the cars.

The valley of the Susquehanna roused the enthusiasm of
guards and captives. Harrisburg and contiguous scenery, with
all the celebrated landscapes throughout the length of the Key-
stone State, were passed and admired in turn. The famous
horse-shoe bend among the mountains furnished all the excite-
ment which could be desired ; and it was the general opinion,
that an experience of twenty-seven miles in thirty-one minutes,
whirling round bends with chasms hundreds of feet deep gap-
ing in awful precipices at their feet, is something never to be
encored. Saturday night, the 1st of August, the expedition
plunged into a hill- walled basin, and a dense bank of smoke and
soot, called Pittsburg. A pleasant feature of our visit to that

THE IMMORTAL COZZENS. 125

city was the immediate departure. On the afternoon of the
2d the ultimate destination was reached : and, with an impro-
vised escort and local music, the line was formed ; the column
marched to the boat plying to the island, with all Sandusky
crowding the streets to enjoy the great show.

The briefest sort of a stop was made on the island ; the pris-
oners were turned over ; and the detachment at once started on
its return trip, which was accomplished with speed and safety ;
Camp Adirondack being reached late Monday night, August 3.
The commander complimented the men on the excellent disci-
pline maintained throughout the journey.

The months of July and August told severely on the health
of the regiment; two of the best men in Company F D. T.
Swan and H. J. McClenning dying in one week of typhoid
fever ; and other companies suffered as severely. The remarka-
ble cleanliness maintained throughout the camp and by the men
personally went far to secure the general health, and render
possible the uniform good showing of the morning reports.

There were volunteer organizations which boasted of their
" daughter of the regiment." In some regiments there were pet
drummer-boys ; others had dogs ; some cherished cats, and even
squirrels. The most famous regimental pet, probably, was
"Old Abe," the celebrated eagle of the Eighth Wis. Una-
bashed by the illustrious array, the Fourteenth boldly asserts
its pre-eminence. What one among the grand enumeration of
Union battalions can boast of its " Cozzens " ?

Cozzens was a character. Not simply singular, but sui generis.
And still we feel that the Latin, and, in fact, all dead and live
languages, are inadequate to locate Cozzens. His appearance
would not indicate ability sufficient to tell the difference be-
tween hard-tack and soft bread, but appearances were never
more radically at fault. This Cozzens was smart enough to
fool the colonel, dupe the lieutenant-colonel, delude the major,
and completely obfuscate the adjutant; and, as though that was
not a circumstance in his line, he succeeded in cheating the
whole regiment by his adroit and original tactics.

126 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Cozzens carried his greatness in the seed, so to speak, for
some time after the Fourteenth entered the service. We can
now discern that he was waiting for the precise fructifying soil
essential to such a germination. He got along as far as the
plant stage in Poolesville, but his audacious rascality never
found an atmosphere for full bloom until Washington was
reached. That highly moral city, abounding in masculine tem-
perance and female virtue, was a very garden of Eden to
Cozzens ; but he entered a good while after the fall, and the
number of flaming swords was not of the slightest consequence
to Cozzens. If he had any brass in his constitution, and his
manoeuvres were the brassiest of all brassy, it was somehow
precipitated internally ; as that metal, which is supposed to ap-
pertain chiefly to insurance agents and drummers, was, in his
case, so deftly overlaid with a human-clay coating of insignifi-
cant modesty, that no one could suspect such a characterless
exterior of being the clothing of so fertile an imagination and
the disguise of such disorderly purposes.

One of Dickens's characters, Joey Bagstock, in delineating
himself to Mrs. Skewton, exactly describes the character hero
of the Fourteenth Regiment. " He's tough, ma'am, tough, is
J. B. Tough, and de-vil-ish sty." There was nothing so irk-
some to Cozzens as the limitations of a regimental camp. He
appeared to delight in a wide range of thought, observation, and
creature comforts.

The heroic qualities in Cozzens's organization always shone
forth outside of military rules, regulations, and duties. He was
an active man, but never active in the ranks. If a detail for
severe duty was being made, Cozzens was never to be found.
He early learned that the sick dodge was unreliable, and entirely
unworthy of the Cozzen genius. He had a very simple method of
dodging the official lightning, he wasn't there when it struck.
Probably, however, he was able to recall one notable exception
to the above statement. We do not affirm that Cozzens was
specially the pet, or in any sense the hero, of the regiment ; yet
he was more conspicuous than the Fourteenth's bravest ones,
and he received more extraordinary attentions from the principal
officers than any universal pet could even aspire to.

A BUMMER'S TRICKS. 127

There was an air of mystery around much of Cozzens's manoeu-
vring ; and lie never rose to the level of doing a brilliant act,
save as the brilliancy consisted wholly in the admirable secrecy
of a move which would have been of no account whatever if
another had done it openly. Before the regiment came to
Washington, Cozzens had found it positively necessary to be
absent from camp with suspicious frequency ; and he curiously
enough often remained away over night. At one time he was
supposed to have either deserted, or been murdered by bush-
whackers ; and there was enough of mild interest in his fate to
occasion some little discussion as to the alternative probabilities.
But Cozzens turned up safely that was one of his tricks ; and
to curious inquiries he always replied, " None of your business."
He was no blabber, revealed no secrets. To the ordinary
official investigator he was ready with, " I was out on private
business." While that was indisputably true, it was not entirely
satisfactory to the relentless powers supreme. When Cozzens
got really down to hard pan, and turned his innermost heart
inside out before his captain, the whole affair was stripped of
mystery, and reduced to the tamest commonplace. He had
merely absented himself from camp to see his cousin. It was a
singular circumstance, perhaps, that his cousin should have
resided just where he was handiest to the Poolesville camp ; but
every thing was explained, and Cozzens was no longer a sphinx.
And yet one side of his genius lay in his secretiveness.

In contemplating this character of the regiment, it may be
inferred from previous statements that Cozzens had his weak-
nesses. Indeed, an unbiassed judgment might lean toward the
theory that he was a very vulgar fraction, and always engaged
in reducing himself to his lowest terms without once making
an error in his calculations. Yes, Cozzens may have had h"s
weaknesses ; but no one can justly charge him with any vices,
for how can that be termed a vice which is in perfect harmony
with one^ moral nature?

Cozzens was fond of the flowing bowl ; but he always deferred
to morality in the matter of example, and invariably absented
himself from his comrades, and rejoiced in solitary conviviality.

128 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

He had haunts of his own ; and, if he mated at all in his peculiar
glee, that mate was no comrade in arms. Cozzens never seemed
happy when in camp. An exception must be noted to the
statements in this paragraph. Cozzens did have a companion,
and a most congenial one. It was Kamet. Now, Kamet was
sent to watch Cozzens ; and their spirits so flowed together
there were after-evidences of a remarkable flow of spirit that
Kamet returned to camp, and reported that his friend was all
right.

He was the recognized butt and universal target all along the
line, from A to G ; and the gravest member of the Fourteenth,
who frowned upon all levity, would venture to poke fun at
Cozzens. He was easily angered, and his puerile sputterings
and dwrtrfed profanity only made more apparent his comical
littleness. Soon after the regiment arrived in Washington,
Cozzens began to develop his remarkable strategy. He was
arraigned for absence without leave. He persisted. He was
put upon extra duty. To teach an army mule melody would
have been as profitable as the imposition of double duty upon
Cozzens. He was taken to the Central Guard-House, and given
one of those cooling baths with the hydrant at full head. He
yelled like a man in death agony, and sneaked out of camp
the next night.

Shakspeare makes Hamlet affirm his willingness to swallow
a crocodile in proof of his love for Ophelia. This extraordinary
test is equalled, if not surpassed, by the feats which Cozzens
would perform in order to get drunk in his own unique way.
The time soon came when by no common artifice or trick could
he get down to the city. But he was equal to the emergency.
The startling news flew through the camp that Cozzens was
married, and his wife was in the city. The rumor did not,
apparently, originate with our hero. Yet he soon secured a
pass to visit his wife. Said pass was given on condition that he
should return on time and sober. Of course he di* neither,
though it was greatly to his credit that he usually was in the
diminuendo of a carousal when he appeared before the colonels
tent.

A REMARKABLE FUNERAL. 129

Having a wife soon ceased to be a trump-card with Cozzens.
To change the figure, he advanced his second line ; and the
assault was successful. He must go to the city, for his wife was
sick, and had sent for him. In tears and piteous pleading he
stood before the colonel, and begged for leave to go. Col. Wil-
son was not a hard-hearted man, and he would not separate
husband and wife in a time of such affliction. Cozzens got his
pass ; and he got a good many of them for the next month, for
his wife grew no better: and his prolonged absences were some-
what pardonable under the circumstances. From a host of
sympathizing comrades he was met at every turn with inquiries
as to his wife's condition. But there is a limit to a wife's allow-
able illness in time of war ; at least, that was the conclusion of
the officers of the Fourteenth. Cozzens's devoted ministrations
to his sick wife were summarily stopped.

Now came the crucial hour in Cozzens's military career.
Would he succumb? Not a bit of it ! He ordered up his re-
serves, and triumphed. Once more he stood before headquarters,
and asked for a pass. It was peremptorily refused. His counte-
nance was solemn. It was manifest that he was in deep grief.
He informed the colonel in broken sentences that his poor wife
was dead, and her funeral was set for that afternoon ; and he
thought it rather hard not to be able to pay the last sad honors
to her. The colonel felt so too, and Cozzens marched out of
camp. It took him three days to bury his wife ; and he had
evidently struggled hard to bury or drown his grief, and he
looked as though he had taken poor whiskey enough to drown
himself. Cozzens was arrested, and an investigation followed.
It was ascertained, first, that Cozzens did not attend his wife's
funeral at all ; second, his wife was not dead ; third, she was
not even sick; fourth, he had no wife in the city or anywhere
else.

And still, as a funeral had been planned for, Adjutant Gardi-
ner thought there should be one, and Cozzens should be chief
mourner. A procession was organized; the dejected widower
was trimmed with crape ; the scraggiest mule in the corral was
brought out, and bedecked in the same mourning symbols ; Coz-

130 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

zens, with hands pinioned behind, was tied on the mule's bare
back, his face toward the animal's tail ; a suitable placard
covered the mourner's back. Behind him was a corporal's
guard marching at reverse arms, while the fife and drum
sounded out the significant melody of the Rogue's March.
Through the camp for an hour this strangest of all absurd pro-
cessions paraded, the conspicuous mourner receiving many
tender tributes of the popular regard. Cozzens's spirit was not
broken, but his stock in trade was greatly diminished. He
had reached the zenith of his glory, and thenceforth sunk to-
ward the level of the commonplace.

September 12 a change occurred in the field and staff of the
regiment : Major Duncan having resigned, Adjutant Gardiner
was promoted to be major; while the position of adjutant was
for some time vacant.

On the 17th of October the troops about Washington, and of
course throughout the country, were thrilled by the call of
President Lincoln for three hundred thousand more men to
swell the armies of the Union. It was an evidence of the un-
bending determination of the government to crush the power
which called itself a Confederacy. The next day the regiment
was inspected by Col. Wilson, and the day closed with a fine
dress-parade.

DRESS-PARADE.

A dress-parade is the culminating military spectacle. It is
the poetry of tactics, the mathematical perfection of soldierly
display. There is nothing of the imposing grandeur of an
army-corps review : the sublime inspiration of the battle-field,
with its crashing tumults and heroic struggles, is not even
hinted at, save as the portentous steadiness and terrible re-
serve power, masked in the quietness of a battalion at parade-
rest, may suggest the lion crouching for a spring, a prophecy
of invincible energy yet under the potent check of discipline.
But there is a rounded completeness in the spectacle as a whole,

DRESS-PARADE. 131

a charm and beauty in every tributary movement and motion,
which is surpassingly attractive.

This parade harmonizes with the most peaceful rural land-
scape, and is inspiring on the tented field.. It is the most criti-
cal test of military efficiency and thorough drill : it is the finest
illustration of the accuracy of tactical results, and the unity of
a military organization. For those in command it is a practical
inspection ; and for all, field and line officers, rank and file, it
is, if properly conducted, a welcome vesper festival, fittingly
rounding out the duties of the day.

But there are elements outside the regiment itself essential
to the ideal parade. The parade-ground must not be sand-
wiched between cramped and disagreeable environments. A
pack of stray dogs and half a dozen woolly-heacled urchins are
not spectators of an inspiring sort. Nor can an ideal parade
be formed on the finest square or park of a great city with
thousands of observers crowding the color-line, pressing the
flanks, and generally obstructing the formation and the view.
No ! the veteran in blue beholds the brilliant evolutions, beauti-
ful marching, and admirable steadiness of crack regiments
among the militia resulting from the war ; but his mind reverts
to camps and campaigns of that terribly glorious era of the Re-
bellion, and the grandest pageants of later times lack the genu-
ine flavor of those inspiring lines of battle in open order, when
grasp of musket muzzle and immobility of pose brought an
entire battalion into a magnificent and ominous oneness. There
is a fascination in every stage of the parade we describe, from
the first note of preparation to the closing tableaux.

The drummers beat first the musician's call, then the assem-
bly on the color-line ; and the stereotyped warning of the
orderly-sergeant follows, " Company A fall in for dress-parade ! "
Then there are brought forth the white gloves and the bright-
ened brasses of accoutrements ; boots are polished ; and the
doughty warrior issues from his stockade or tent, cleaned up,
and respectable in attire for half an hour in the day, if no more.
There is always some laggard who cannot find his gun or belt
or some other item of equipment ; then there is the inevitable

132 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

dispute for position on the left; and it required exactly "three
years or during the war" to convince certain of our country's
defenders that somebody must stand at the foot and in the rear
rank. From our own and adjacent companies come the " One,
two, one, two," of the " count twos," the growling bass and
piping falsetto, together with the comic emphasis of some odd
genius, varying the monotony of the proceeding.

With a "present arms!" the orderly receives the captain,
loses his temporary importance, and steps into the ranks.

And just at this point and time the company commander
vindicates himself as a man, a martinet, or an imbecile in uni-
form ; and the men will very quickly and accurately place him.
The men in the ranks almost invariably desired to be proud of
their officers, especially their company captains ; and those offi-
cers who generously appreciated their men, and who understood
that the superior rank was a military necessity, and not indica-
tive of essential and permanent distinctions of worth, such
leaders were held in all honor by their rank and file.

There was no better occasion for taking the accurate gauge
of a company officer than the few minutes elapsing between
the adjutant's call at dress-parade and the call to form on the
colors. In each company street the commander and lieuten-
ants appeared before their men in full dress.

The self-poise and easy carriage of the gentleman were not
more manifest than the conscious inferiority, awkwardness, and
even vulgarity of him who had more sash than sense, and who
was often either an official harlequin, a mediocre puppet, or a
shrewd, characterless owner of a pair of shoulder-straps. One
officer, while waiting for the signal, would browbeat his com-
pany, pay off a score or two on an old or new grudge with some
private or non-commissioned officer. He would put the com-
pany through a rapid execution of the manual, face them more
ways than he did himself when seeking his commission, striving
to catch some blunderer in a mistake, and evidently enjoying
the consequent mortification. He delivered stern lectures to
his men when, perhaps, he would have done well to listen to a
total-abstinence address ; and, in general, he conducted himself

TESTING AN OFFICER. 133

in such a way as to degrade his sword, and inspire an almost
universal hatred, not contempt, for a smart officer never engen-
dered that sentiment in the army ; and most of this class of im-
perious disciplinarians were smart, a little too smart.

Another style of officer strove to be popular in his company,
and he didn't know how. He condescended to his men ; he
patronized them ; told them stories in line ; dropped honey
from his lips upon every file ; sometimes played the buffoon,
always with success ; professed to despise red tape, and cer-
tainly taught the best of his men to despise him as an officer ;
while the. remainder voted him, not much of a military man,
but a jolly good fellow.

In another company we find the officers well balanced, digni-
fied, full of suavity, appreciating good discipline, ever kind to
the men, maintaining the proper reserve, and winning the re-
spect, even love, of their command.

All of these diversities of volunteer official character shone out
in the company streets for the brief interval alluded to, as the
sun lent its last rays to enhance the closing pageant of the day.

This occasion was the best for the company commander's
show of power; and as he used his opportunity, so was his
military stature and personal worth recorded by a body of men
too intelligent and discriminating to allow of their judgments
being ignored with impunity. As the band strikes up on the
right, and the colors, with their guard, march to the line of
parade, the spectacle is sufficiently stirring to move the dullest
observer. It is just before sunset ; the music is both martial
and patriotic ; two or three other regiments in the brigade are
also in line for the evening dress-parade ; the near and distant
drum-corps ; the far-off bugle-call of some cavalry squadron ;
the rumbling of a light battery galloping into camp from an
afternoon's target practice ; while on the regimental parade-
ground the companies are being put through some preliminary
evolutions ; the marching and counter-marching, converging and
unfolding, of companies marching in line, or by either flank,
every particular, and the grand aggregate, of this expanded
view enliven and make brilliant the occasion.

134 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

A good adjutant and a stylish sergeant-major always made
a noticeable impression on dress-parade. In this respect the
Fourteenth Regiment was fortunate throughout its history.
Who will ever forget the shrill tenor commands, " Attention,
battalion ! " " Prepare to open ranks ! " " To the rear open
order march ! " as we listened to them at Offutt's Cross Roads,
Poolesville, and Camp Adirondack ?

But the surpassing charm of those parades early in our three
years of service lay in the drum-corps and band-music of the
hour. We were proud of that band. It was not a first-class
musical organization, but it was the best we knew of then ; and
its playing was excellent. We were fond of the burly, whole-
souled leader ; and we became attached to the physiognomy of
every member. Yes, the high private who tailed the bass drum,
and boasted (when away) that he played in the band ; his ram-
rod erectness and solemn tread, became a cherished feature
of the programme.

The entire regiment heartily enjoyed the slow-time music of
the band passing down the front, and the quick measures of the
return march. The parade formed, the drill in the manual,
the marshalling of the first sergeants to report, the march of
the line-officers to receive the colonel's instruction, the dismissal
of the parade, and the eager marching into camp, breaking ranks,
throwing off of equipments, and falling into line for rations,
these incidents, following each other in a panorama most im-
pressive to the young soldier, come to mind vividly after the
lapse of years.

Long Bridge, crossing the Potomac at the foot of Maryland
Avenue, was the great outlet from Washington into Virginia,
and toward the Army of the Potomac when it was in the
vicinity of the capital. To and from Alexandria, Camp Dis-
tribution, and the great forts constituting the south-western de-
fences of Washington, there flowed a constant tide of officers,
detachments, ambulance and wagon trains, besides recruits,

AT LONG BRIDGE. 135

stragglers, and nondescript civilians. . It was found necessary,
in the autumn of 1863, to station a more efficient guard at the
south or Virginia end of the bridge. On the evening of Octo-
ber 19, Capt. Ripley, with some seventy men, beside Lieut.
Fosgate and Sergts. Holmes, Colburn, Morrill, and Martin,
marched to relieve the detachment on duty at that post.

The incidents of that march are, doubtless, forcibly impressed
upon the memories of the squad. The passage across Long
Bridge, at night, was calculated to impress the imagination ;
but there was nothing poetical in what transpired after the des-
tination was reached, at eleven o'clock at night. Again the
Fourteenth encountered the imbecile One Hundred and Sev-
enty-eighth N. Y., and the same performance was begun which
has been previously described of the Old-Capitol Prison relief.

But Capt. Ripley was not exactly in a mood to be trifled with,
and the officer of the One Hundred and Seventy-eighth found
his match in every respect. For a few minutes there was a
wide margin for an ugly encounter, and the temper of the Four-
teenth boys was in no wise averse to it ; but, after a great deal
of boisterous cursing, the Dutchmen were got out of doors,
most of them being good-natured, but contemptible, soldiers.

The attempt to right dress them before starting rounded off
the absurdities of the situation ; and the incoming squad, with
the exception of the first detail, turned in.

And such a turning in ! The writer picked his bunk, but
was no sooner into it than a big rat burrowed in one of his
trousers' legs. His bunk-mate was worse off; for, before he got
fairly settled to rest, two of the lusty, long-tailed vermin raced
down his back inside his shirt. That pastime was speedily
tabooed. The detachment settled down to a four and a half
months' service at this post, a service relieved of monotony by
the ever varying crowds surging along that great thoroughfare
of war. The discipline maintained by Capt. Ripley was of the
strictest sort, the off reliefs of the g.uard being required to
sleep in the guard-room with accoutrements always on.

When a general officer approached, the guard was nearly
always turned out, aligned, and standing at present arms when

136 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

the cavalcade passed. However distasteful and burdensome
these minutice of service seemed to the men, it must be con-
ceded that one advantage resulted ; i.e., the alertness, readiness,
and efficiency of the men were remarkably developed.

Fort Albany lay just beyond ; trains to and from Alexandria
were continually passing, as Long Bridge is used for railroad
and vehicle communication ; the music of drum-corps and
bands from the line of fortifications crowning Arlington
Heights ; the gay kaleidoscope of vessels crowding into Wash-
ington with the munitions of war; the tread of the Union
legions pressing to the strife, these elements of the great
conflict-picture presented themselves constantly to the guards
at the south end of Long Bridge.

Every phase of army character presented itself at that gate,
through which no officer below a brigadier could pass without
a written leave, and where no person could escape without giving
an account of himself.

Bribes were frequently offered. We have seen a captain, a
staff-officer, offer a hundred and twenty-five dollars in green-
backs to be allowed to pass into Washington unmolested. It
was in the night, and he was anxious. It was a good deal of
money for a poor soldier to handle ; but the soldier never han-
dled it, and the captain failed in his purpose.

The smuggling of whiskey was specially guarded against,
and there was many an amusing search for the contraband.

Among all the general officers who passed over Long Bridge,
none were received with more pleasure than the venerable
Major-Gen. Silas Casey, who always appeared with a large
retinue, himself riding at a sharp trot, while his staff followed
on the gallop. It was the peculiarity of his return salute that
always amused the guard. He would grasp his military cap by
the crown disk, and thrust it vertically into the air with a curi-
ous vim.

A singular feature of the duty here was the dress-parades
held by command of Capt. Ripley. Each company detail stood
for a company in this unique tactical performance ; the captain
appeared as colonel ; the lieutenant was adjutant, and the non-

REMARKABLE DRESS-PARADES. 137

corns, were company commanders. The music consisted of a
single fife and drum. Those dress-parades were solemn affairs,
on the surface ; and our " colonel " was reserved and digni-
fied in his military pose. Those queer parades ! They served
to keep the men on the alert, for every detail was most punctili-
ously scrutinized ; and they served as a diversion too. Proba-
bly at no other post of duty in the entire field of war was
there any thing similar to the dress-parades at the south end of
Long Bridge.

One of the recreations at Long Bridge was found in a debat-
ing society, organized by ten or a dozen members of the detach-
ment. Sergt. Holmes was a leading spirit in that little society,
meeting in a little upper room ; and Sergt. Colburn, Corpl.
Howard, together with a few privates, were among the regular
attendants. December 15 Capt. Ripley relinquished the com-
mand of the post.

December 25 Sergt. Colburn, one of the best non-commis-
sioned officers in the regiment, left this post, being attacked, as
was supposed, with varioloid.

The winter of 1863-64 was severe in Washington, and the
post at the south end of Long Bridge was peculiarly exposed
to harsh winds : the guards suffered considerably.

February 1, soon after midnight, the detachment of the
Fourteenth was relieved by the Veteran Reserve Corps, and
marched into camp ; and it was reported that there was much
satisfaction expressed at the departure of our men by those
who had felt the effects of a guard-duty performed with a
strictness exactly according to orders.

November 7 Lieut. C. D. Wright was appointed acting adju-
tant of the regiment.

On Wednesday, December 2, the members of the Fourteenth
witnessed the finishing touches to the exterior of the grand
dome of the Capitol. The work of years was complete, and
the familiar but unsightly stagings and hoisting-rigging soon
came down.

December 4 Acting Adjutant C. D. Wright was commis-
sioned, and was mustered the 8th.

138 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

According to the highest testimony, the military guard and
special duty in the city of Washington had never been per-
formed so satisfactorily as it was by the Fourteenth. The line-
officers in command of posts and detachments had shown con-
spicuous ability and integrity, while the rank and file were
notably reliable and intelligent. Every indication pointed to
the permanent retention of so valuable a body of men in the
capital city. But there were two influences at work to disturb
the tranquillity of the arrangement and the permanency of the
service. One was the Veteran Reserve Corps, which was a
body of men organized from the partially disabled troops not
discharged, and able to do guard-duty. These were supplant-
ing efficient troops wherever practicable. This organization,
however, except for pressing exigencies of the situation, could
not have taken the place of the Fourteenth in Washington.
There was an exigency which demanded precisely such a large
and well-disciplined regiment as "Lincoln's Pets."

Ulysses S. Grant was appointed lieutenant-general of the
army and commander-in chief of the Union forces March 1,
1864. Before his appointment there were several annoying
Rebel raids on the upper Potomac. The first was made at the
extreme westerly point of Old Virginia, where Major Beers
with three hundred Illinoisans and three guns were surrounded,
January 1, by the Rebel Sam Jones. Fitz-Hugh Lee tried his
hand at it ; and again, January 30, Jubal Early sent his cavalry
leader, Rosser, into West Virginia, where he captured two hun-
dred and seventy prisoners, ninety-three mule- wagons, twelve
hundred cattle, and five hundred sheep, all without the loss of
a man. February 2, and again on the 12th, other raids were
attempted with partial success. Rosser's raid was potent in
shaping the destiny of the Fourteenth.

The next day, January 31, every detachment was hastily
ordered into camp, being relieved in most cases by the Veteran
Reserve Corps ; and February 1 the regiment left Washington on
the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad via the Relay Station for the
purpose of repelling the rampant raiders on the upper Potomac.
The command proceeded as far as the junction of the north

A VIEW OF HARPER'S FERRY.

AFTER THE GUERILLAS. 139

and south branches of the river, the latter part of the way
moving with great caution. It was understood that one sound
of the whistle meant that a line of battle was to be instantly
formed on the right of the train, while two sounds rallied the
men to the left. Arriving at the junction before mentioned,
the bridge was found burned, the expedition could proceed no
farther ; and the regiment went into camp in shelter-tents,
with orders to be ready constantly to march at fifteen-minutes'
notice. The men slept with their accoutrements belted on.

The discomforts of this bivouac were great, a heavy rain fall-
ing during the night, and in many instances streams of water
ran down the slope beneath the sleeping men.

On the morning of February 7 the regiment embarked on
the train and returned to Harper's Ferry, arriving there at
eight P.M. The men esteemed it a special favor to be allowed
to sleep in the box-cars of the transportation train.

The next morning a camp was established on Cemetery Hill,
above the village called Camp Hill, which consisted of shelter-
tents ; the officers occupying an adjacent house.

Orders were issued on the 9th incorporating the Fourteenth
in the third brigade, third division, Sixth Army Corps, Gen.
Sedgwick's. This connection was destined to be of short dura-
tion. A picket-line, eight or ten miles long, was established
from the Potomac to the Shenandoah. On this line the Four-
teenth performed picket-duty. While stationed at Harper's
Ferry, a good many subaltern promotions were made, and some
of the insubordinate members were court-martialled. On the
11th of the month the regiment was relieved b}^ the One Hun-
dred and Second Penn., the former removing half a mile to
Camp Sherborn, on Hall's Island in the Shenandoah.

While encamped here, Lieut. Tolman was promoted to the
captaincy of Company E.

A detail of the regiment was posted in Loudon Valley, where
Moseby, three weeks previously, had surprised a Union cavalry
station in the night. It may be accounted certain, that, had
Cole's cavalry been as vigilant as were the pickets of the Four-
teenth, they could never have been surprised. Moseby was a

140 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

great instructor in the virtue and the art of Union alertness.
The weather was intensely cold, and the camp was in no sense
winter quarters. The men suffered severely, and could not
keep warm.

Never was an order more rapturously applauded than that
which came on February 24, for the regiment to return to
Washington. Transportation was furnished that afternoon.

The regiment found itself again in Washington on the morn-
ing of the 25th, and the men felt as though they had come home
from a strange country. They fondly speculated upon the re-
turn to the old haunts of duty, which had in a measure become
endeared by association. They did not appreciate the fact that
the death-rate in the regiment would be lowered by leaving the
city ; although the subsequent destination in the far South re-
sulted, not in a diminution, but an alarming increase, of losses
by disease. As the Fourteenth marched up New-Jersey Avenue,
it was seen that Camp Adirondack was not to be re-occupied.
Instead, the line of march led to the new and admirable bar-
racks situated on the corner of Sixth and O Streets, recently
constructed especially for the Fourteenth, and which it would
have occupied in a few days had not the fright on the upper
Potomac upset the expected arrangements. The commandiug-
officer knew, while at Harper's Ferry, that the guard-duty of
the regiment in Washington was ended, and that it was intended
for other service. The occupancy of the Sixth-street barracks
was but temporary ; and the men made the most of their brief
stop in a city they had come to know well and to love, and
which many of them were never to see again.

On the 26th Lieut. C. P. Hall took command of Company C.

ARMY DISCIPLINE.

The Northern soldier was no minion or serf. He fully be-
lieved in the Declaration of Independence, and considered that
every principle of American freedom was illustrated in his own
personality. He could cheerfully endure unwonted privations
and most arduous service ; but would he, all unaccustomed to

ARMY DISCIPLINE. 141

the inexorable rigor of military law, submit to the discipline of
an organized armed force? The traditions of war had faded
from the American mind. The militia was an ancient joke, and
"trainins" were obsolete ; the only reminiscences of them cher-
ished by the fighting generation of 1861 being those of bear-skin
caps, burlesque soldiering, pandemonium of drums, gingerbread,
and beer.

One of the most interesting studies in connection with our
civil war was the incidents and effects of discipline, as the
civilian was being transformed to the experienced soldier. And
we may here affirm that the process was inevitably a slow one.
Nothing, unless it might be an unusual soldierly instinct or
genius occasionally possessing a man, could obviate the neces-
sity of prolonged training, and submission to rigorous codes, in
order to economize life and effort, and to develop the highest
efficiency. A battalion is eminently a machine ; and its parts
must be nicely adjusted by long use together, and made to run
in prescribed grooves, if the intricate mechanism is to serve its
end and turn out anticipated results. But observe the applica-
tion of this principle to the formative processes of a regiment
preparing for the crucial ordeal of deadly conflict.

The awful death-roll of the Union armies was lengthened at
least one-fourth, probably one-third, by the want of wholesome
though irksome discipline during the first months of service,
in many cases continuing throughout the entire term. The
task was little short of herculean, to bring a million self-centred
human wills, most of them panoplied in an intelligence which
no troops in all history had before attained, into implicit and
unswerving obedience to one central and many subordinate
commanders. We do not intimate that this was ever realized,
except measurably ; but the extent of failure was the measure
of calamities to armies, disasters to the cause, and slaughters
and hospital morgues for men who, brave, loyal, and noble,
were yet restive under a discipline which might, if enforced
and submitted to, have turned defeats into victories, and saved
their lives.

A sort of trained consolidation, valuable surely, resulted from

142 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

merely a continued organization, isolated from old connections;
and so far as troops were drilled and developed into a homo-
geneous unity, were they efficient and reliable. Several battles
in that war were lost, which might have been won had certain
brigades and even divisions never been marched on to the field.
This is illustrated in the well-known fact, that, in a severe con-
test, a battalion of five hundred veterans was worth more than
a fresh regiment of a thousand men; and most of the Union
regiments won their greenest laurels after they were reduced
to less than four hundred. The regiments subjected to the
strictest discipline lost fewest men from disease, and secured
the most brilliant record. But the enunciation of such a doc-
trine in the average company street of a Union camp, prior to
1863, would have roused a perfect tempest of opprobrium.

Our loyal trooper was jealous of his rights, hated red tape,
calling every thing red tape that did not suit him, and didn't
propose to be bullied by "shoulder-straps." When it came to
the last analysis he never explained just how much he meant,
nor how he would manage an army, nor how he could help him-
self; and, if he went " fooling round " the limits of insubordina-
tion, he had a quiet and more or less prolonged opportunity for
study among the natural scenery of the Rip-Raps or Dry Tortu-
gas. But laxity of discipline was not so much indicated by
mutinies or court-martials, as by a low morale throughout the
line; a mild but dangerous defiance of, or contempt for, those
wholesome rules which a long experience had approved.

Among volunteer troops there is certain to be a jealous
watchfulness of all official prerogatives ; and it was the severest
trial to which the loyal forces in the war of the Rebellion were
subjected, that of bringing themselves to a prompt and implicit
obedience to constituted military authority. And a civilian
cannot appreciate the extent of this subordination nor the per-
sonal sacrifices it demanded. If every officer had been superior
to the rank and file, fitted for command, endowed with the
proud and recognized attributes of leadership, " One that
could rule and dared not lie," even then, who can adequately
appreciate the fealty to law, and the patient bending of the neck

SOMETHING ABOUT OFFICERS. 143

to such an inexorable yoke as despotic martial regulations
require from those who had been taught by political constitu-
tions, patriotic orators, and a long experience, that they were
the ultimate sovereigns of the mightest government in the
world? But the veteran boys in blue have not forgotten that
some of their officers were not Agamemnons, nor ideals of any
distinguished genus.

There were three sorts of officers which held the comfort and
even the lives of a million of men, to a dreadful degree, subject
to their wills. The first were able, honorable, accomplished
men, animated by the highest motives, and governed by a gen-
erous solicitude for the welfare of their men. Certainly, no
army that ever shook the earth, and changed the current of the
world's destiny, was adorned with such a proportion of this
class of officers as were the legions of Father Abraham, twice
six hundred thousand strong ; and the Fourteenth Regiment
was certainly favored with a large number of leaders who will
be honored while a single veteran remains to transmit the tradi-
tions of a noble organization and its worthy achievements.

The second sort was made up of equally brilliant men, but
selfish, unscrupulous, tyrannical. Taking the loyal forces to-
gether, there was a grim, portentous array of these official mis-
creants, who trod upon the rights, and coarsely abraded the
sensitive natures, of their most faithful soldiers. This veteran
association is happy in the remembrance of very few of these
unworthy officials upon its muster-rolls. But, wherever found,
it was as company officers that they were most obnoxious, as
these were brought into closer relations with the men : and
while the abuse or negligence of a battalion or brigade com-
mander comprehended more victims and broader mischief, the
infliction was somewhat tempered by distance ; whereas the har-
assments of a company commander, even if somewhat trivial,
were more exasperating for several reasons, being inflictions of
direct contact. The lower the rank of an officer of this char-
acter, the more he desired to show his power ; and especially
was this true in the initiatory period of a regiment's service.

A single incident illustrates the severity of this disciplinary

144 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

strain upon those all unaccustomed to serving as victims in any
exercise of arbitrary power. One of the finest young men in
his native town, of excellent family and highest character, a
student in Dartmouth College, enlisted in the Fourteenth Regi-
ment. He was promised one of the best subaltern offices, and
he got nothing. The day following the captain's muster,
when his power had become in a sense absolute, the company
was out for drill. The young man in question was near the
right of the line ; and, in an alignment, he failed to dress back-
ward as far as desired. With his trenchant blade the gallant
captain made his debut as a military despot. Without a word
of warning he struck this high-spirited, sensitive man now a
private in the ranks a smart blow with his sword. To this
fearful humiliation the private must submit without one word
of remonstrance : and he did, but his spirit was broken ; never
was he the same man after suffering, in the presence of an entire
company, this cruel indignity. There were scores of others,
more severe if not more odious wrongs and humiliations, which
either begot discouragement or prompted to insubordination,
perhaps ultimate revenge.

Twenty years have but little softened the remembrance of
petty tyrannies and gross outrages inflicted by uniformed, small-
patterned despots, "dressed in a little brief authority," upon
high-spirited, but devoted and obedient, soldiers of the Union,
yet subjects of their misused power. Even the considerate
exercise of the great though necessary authority residing in an
officer holding a military commission, entailed inevitable and
irksome burdens, for reasons which follow. A whole company
enlisted ;is equals, as privates. On Monday they were on a
level. On Tuesday, three out of the hundred men, not the
best or worthiest often, withdrew from the common barracks to
a seclusion, a privilege, and a power, which meant a distinction
and an advantage that can be appreciated by no one save an
intelligent man who has served throughout his enlistment term.
The transition was so sudden, the distinction so- absolute, the
gulf so broad, that the officer sometimes forgot to be a man ;
and the private, bewildered, forgot to be a soldier.

ARTS OF THE AMBITIOUS. 145

There was another circumstance which aggravated the sud-
denly created disparity of rank, and the tremendous accession
to power on the one hand, and of relegation to unquestioning
submission on the other. To state it briefly, the sovereign, by
the very exercise of his ultimate power, makes of himself a help-
less servant, and transfers to his dependant an irretrievable
power over his life, liberty, and peace of mind. It was a privi-
lege of very doubtful advantage on the whole, that by which
each company was allowed to select its own commissioned offi-
cers. Not half the instances justified in their results, a practice,
democratic in the inception, despotic in the outcome. We now
speak of despotism, not in its cruel aspects, but as entirely arbi-
trary and senseless in the development and discipline of the
company organization.

Let the veteran volunteer in retrospect ponder the arts by
which some of the officers we are glad to concede that they
were few won votes and secured their commissions. In fact,
all company officers were in the hands of their comrades before
election. Some of them solicited votes and promised subaltern
offices. In one company of the Fourteenth Regiment ten men
were promised a file-closer's post, and twenty-one were made
quite sure of the two-barred chevron. It is probable that a
majority of the captains and lieutenants sought no votes and
bought no elections by offers of preferment ; but those officers
who solicited most artfully and persistently, and were most afflu-
ent in promises, were as ready as any to forget their obligations,
to stultify their pledges, and to be cruel to those who could not
be coaxed, bought, or driven into supporting them for the cov-
eted trusts. Good men and true may be judged leniently
if they were not perfectly flexible in adjusting themselves
to conditions so novel, and were not cheerful in submitting to
authority so suddenly granted and acquired, and possibly so
dangerous to their welfare.

The third class of officers may be somewhat loosely charac-
terized as good-natured imbeciles. They were as fit for military
command as a yard of blue drilling for a drum-head. The
observation of Dr. Johnson, that " Much may be made of a

146 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Scotchman if he be caught young," was possibly applicable to
the doughty chiefs enumerated under this head; but they were
never " caught young " in the military net : and, in some in-
stances, nothing short of an ante-natal training would have
availed. They could control enough votes so that they must
be counted in when the patriotic log-rolling came off, which
determined the company leadership " for three years or during
the war."

Now, this class of officers was more destructive of discipline
than the second ; for however oppressive an officer might show
himself, if he was a man of brains and evidenced considerable
military ability, his men did entertain for him an essential re-
spect, and he did hold his command measurably well in hand :
but a shoulder-strapped nonentity excited a ridicule which was
utterly subversive of successful leadership. If he was blindly
kind to the men, he became popular in a way ; but a drill under
such an officer was a rollicking, tactical dance, a ruinous bur-
lesque of every company movement. He was corpulent, per-
haps, and marched across the parade-ground much like an
immense, shaky water-tank, which had stolen a pair of inade-
quate legs, and was perambulating in uniform ; the difference
being, that our hero was a tank quite unaccustomed to hold
water.

There was another genus of this class, the dainty a3sthete,
taken out of the maternal bandbox on purpose to lead the ple-
beian hosts through sanguinary struggles to romance and glory ;
but the gentle wrist was unequal to his own moulinet exercise ;
and his hair had a curl never intended for the unpoetical sabre-
thrust of Jeb. Stuart, nor the deadly aim of Jackson's old divis-
ion. All of this sash-girted rubbish soon floated homeward on
the happy currents of eagerly accepted resignations, and better
men from the ranks stepped into positions they should have
originally occupied.

When the officers of . the class under consideration took a
company out for drill, they would demoralize it more in one
hour than an efficient drill-master could improve it in a week.
Some of the evolutions much resembled the boy's game of

AN AMUSING DRILL. 147

whip-snapping 1 . One of these worthies at Camp Adirondack
kept his command in a ferment for nearly two hours one morn-
ing, trying to secure an alignment; and he wasn't over-nice
either, for a line decently resembling the new moon would have
been entirely satisfactory. He became at last annoyed at the
stupidity displayed (he located it in the line), and adopted an
extra tactical expedient. He advanced the company in line of
battle, and there was a look of martial determination in his
whole demeanor such as had never before graced his carriage.
Onward the line tumbled with as many different steps as there
were men in the ranks, until with a crash the march ended
against the high board-fence of Finley Hospital. His method
was illuminated by his comment, "There, d n you! I'll see if
I can't right dress you ! " In a majority of the companies of the
Fourteenth Regiment there were not only relations of hearty
confidence and respect maintained between officers and men,
but an efficient discipline was enforced and cheerfully sub-
mitted to by nearly all of the rank and file. The character and
efficiency of the company officers in no wise deteriorated as the
term of service advanced ; and, while there may have been suffi-
cient reasons for the failure of the command as a whole to reach
a high state of discipline early in its history, no one doubts that
its varied and trying service was admirably calculated to afford
the best of training, and to render it thoroughly reliable in any
exigency.

When the Fourteenth Regiment entered its first battle, it
had probably reached the highest state of discipline and esprit
du corps of which it was capable. While never remarkable for
excellence in evolution or manual, this organization had no
superior throughout the army in intelligence, submission, and
prompt obedience to every order. The claim has been made,
that the Fourteenth was handicapped from the first in respect
of internal tendencies toward disorganization, rather than unity,
and that it lacked the inspiration of that solidity so essential to
the safety and triumph of those who must face death together.
Without passing upon this assumption, it is enough to say, that
through suffering, patient endurance, varied and severe train-

148 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

ing, energetic devotion, and the leavening stimulus of an appre-
ciative and hearty loyalty, the Fourteenth Regiment, keeping
time to the music of the Union, marched quite abreast of those
battalions of the grand army of the North which proudly knew
the object of their being, loved their cause, would die for their
flag, and, deploying in the focus-light of an unequalled age, were
of all forces on the earth supremely irresistible.

MOUTH OF THE SHENANDOAH.

AMONG THE ALLIGATORS. 149

III.

THE LOUISIANA CAMPAIGN.

The celebrated Red-river campaign was planned in January,
1864; and Gen. N. P. Banks was mustering a large army for an
advance on Shreveport. It appears that the Fourteenth was
intended either for a re-enforcement of that expedition, or for
garrisoning exposed points on the Mississippi while the main
army was buried in the treacherous labyrinths of the Red-river
country. But there was a nearer and a more dangerous foe
than the hordes of Dick Taylor. Mr. Lincoln was more afraid
of Northern Copperheads than of Southern battalions. En route
for the Department of the Gulf, the Fourteenth was to make a
brilliant armed reconnoissance into New Hampshire. Not with
bullets, but with ballots, was the enemy to be assaulted; although
it was a quite prevalent feeling, that the former was a treat-
ment sufficiently mild for the traitorous opposition to the war
which the army and the country had to endure from those, who,
if not active sympathizers with treason, were persistent obstruc-
tionists of every war-measure.

The regiment had not been in the new barracks twenty-four
hours when it was announced that it was to be allowed to go
home to vote. A quiet canvass of the companies was made ;
and it was ascertained that the Fourteenth would vote almost
solidly for a State government which could be counted on to
heartily sustain the President in his efforts to put down the
Rebellion. Nothing was revealed as to the destination of the
regiment subsequent to its wholesale furlough. It was no time
for anxiety over the future. The entire command was jubilant
over the prospect of a speedy though brief re-union with the

150 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

loved ones at home. Saturday, February 27, the Fourteenth
took the train on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and Sunday
night remained in barracks in New- York City, located where the
post-office building now stands. Monday transportation was
secured; and Concord, N.H., was reached the next day. The
regiment was received with considerable demonstrations ; and,
as soon as arms and accoutrements were safely stored, the men
were furloughed twelve days. It is moderate to intimate that
the Fourteenth made itself felt in the State for the next ten
days. In hundreds of homes and among thousands of friends,
welcomes and greetings surpassed any thing the recipients had
ever before enjoyed.

A soldier on furlough is a character for study; and he was a
very industrious student, himself, of every means of enjoyment
and pleasant notoriety. On this occasion the soldiers of the
Fourteenth were altogether too notorious to suit a certain class
in close towns, politically. These carpers were suddenly con-
verted to the doctrine, that it was the duty of government troops
to remain down South fighting the enemy, and not to be coming
home by regiments to meddle in politics. It was but just pre-
viously that the aforesaid objectors declared it impossible to ever
whip the South, and that the act of sending troops to subjugate
our brethren was a crime.

The presence of the Union volunteers at the polls in New
Hampshire, during the spring election of 1864, was a sore irri-
tant to those who were desperately bent upon blocking the
progress of the war. That election was, perhaps, the most
important ever held in that State ; as it was the first prophetic
voice of the people in the presidential campaign, a prophecy of
the November verdict which would determine the issue of the
tremendous effort to suppress Rebellion and crush out treason
in America. Party feeling ran high, antagonisms were bitter;
and it is easily believed, that the presence of the Fourteenth
intensified the animosities of the canvass. And why ? Citizens
of New Hampshire had simply returned to their homes to cast
a lawful ballot. There were angry discussions and numberless
personal collisions on town-meeting daj r ; for, while the boys did

BULLETS AND BALLOTS. 151

not exactly carry to the polls a chip on each shoulder, they
were not in a mood to be jostled to any great extent : and the
Copperheads had a hard time of it where the soldiers were
numerous enough to start a little political " camp-fire " in the
midst of the assembled voters.

The scenes in the various town-meetings where the soldiers
appeared were highly interesting, often amusing, and in some
places pretty exciting. The boys in blue were not externally
diffident nor modest in their advocacy of the war, and their
denunciations of Northern Copperheads were spoken decidedly
above a whisper. It was an uncomfortable day for a certain
class of citizens in the old Granite State. There is no doubt
that the Fourteenth efficiently performed the service expected
of it when it was ordered to New Hampshire, and it is a fact in
its history that these soldier-voters acted with entire personal
freedom in casting their ballots. Those who persisted in voting
according to old predilections, and practically against the gov-
ernment they were fighting for, there were a few who did,
were in no way proscribed afterward.

The regiment was fortunate in this opportunity for a brief
restoration of family circles and the enjoyment of family life.
To a large proportion of the Fourteenth it was the last gather-
ing about their firesides. The days sped with more fleetness
than the hopes of a Union victory at Fredericksburg. Again
the parting, the pain, yes, the agony, of the last word and look
and the men rallied around their colors at Concord, March
14. It was a wise precaution of the government not to pay off
the regiment before it was furloughed : but, on the return to
Concord, the United-States paymaster was on the ground ; and
the men were paid in full to March 1. Nearly every man was
at his post when the rolls were called, and there were only a
few desertions. A year and a half of service had weeded out
from the Fourteenth most of its useless and unwortlry material ;
and, although it left the State the second time more than two
hundred and fifty less in numbers than when it first entered the
service, it was a stronger organization with seven hundred men
than originally with nine hundred and eighty.

152 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Wednesday, March 16, the Fourteenth left Concord and the
State, and on the 17th went into the barracks in New-York
City, already referred to. The three-days' stay in that city
afforded a well-improved opportunity to witness and enjoy the
excitements of Gotham. Some members of the regiment, who
had been absent on detailed duty, or were about to return from
hospitals, managed to evade the officers who were on the alert
to secure them, and, having remained in seclusion until the regi-
ment sailed, escaped being sent to Louisiana. There were
several such cases.

Sunday, March 20, seven companies of the Fourteenth em-
barked on the side-wheel steamship " Daniel Webster," for New
Orleans. Tuesday the vessel was in a terrible storm, which
continued three days, disabling the ship, and threatening de-
struction to all on board. The vessel was helpless, the crew
powerless, and hope almost abandoned. Saturday the storm
was over, and the " Daniel Webster " was able to move slowly
toward a port of relief. Land was descried Sunday, at nine
A.m. ; and at five o'clock the same afternoon the regiment
reached Hilton Head, and entered the harbor of Port Royal.
The troops remained aboard the ship until Monday morning,
when they disembarked, and marched a mile in the deep, yield-
ing sand, toward the eastern side of the island, and near to a
palmetto-grove, where shelter-tents were pitched in the sand ;
the regiment remaining there four days, until the " Daniel Web-
ster " could be repaired.

Friday, April 1, the Fourteenth again took up its quarters
on the unfortunate steamship, and, strange to say, with no re-
grets. Hilton-Head sand had reconciled the men to almost any
change. The vessel did not quit the immense government wharf
until the next morning at 8.30. The following Sabbath was one
of the finest in all the experience of the regiment ; and through-
out the day the vessel skirted the coast of Florida, in sight of
the historic shores where the white man first reared a settle-
ment in America.

" Peace was on the world abroad:
'Twas the holy peace of God."

THE VOYAGE TO LOUISIANA. 153

Tuesday afternoon, by the aid of a pilot, the sinuosities of the
entrance to Key- West Harbor were experienced; and at five
o'clock anchor was dropped. Not until Thursday, the 7th,
could the ship find its opportunity to take coal ; and then it ran
up to the wharf, and the men had one day ashore. The privi-
lege was made the most of ; and, for the first time, the boys from
the Granite Hills wandered through fig-orchards and orange-
groves, with fruit lying about in abundance. The semi-tropical
climate, and the strangeness of the whole scene, furnished too
many novelties to easily crowd into twelve hours. Fort Taylor,
a stout stone octagon defence of the harbor, with casemate and
barbette guns, was visited by nearly the entire regiment, where
Col. Stark Fellows, formerly lieutenant of Compan}r D, was in
command of the post.

Friday, April 8, the " Daniel Webster " left Key West, sail-
ing near to the Dry Tortugas, where several unruly members of
the Fourteenth were confined for some time during the war,
some of them perhaps unjustly. At noon of the 11th the muddy
waters of the Mississippi were discovered, and at nine p.m. of
the same day the renowned forts of Jackson and St. Philip
were passed. At eight o'clock on the morning of Tuesday,
April 12, the Fourteenth reached the Crescent City, and gazed
upon its curious water-level landings and more curious river-
craft. The men did not go ashore, much to their disappoint-
ment : but the transport steamed up the river six miles, to Car-
rollton, where the regiment landed, and went into camp in a
clover-field a quarter of a mile from the levee ; the designation
being Camp Parapet.

The three left companies, K, E, G, did not embark on the
" Daniel Webster," there not being room, and were transported
on the "Liberty." They had a safe and pleasant passage, ar-
riving in New Orleans in advance of their comrades, who sailed
earlier.

154 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

A REGIMENT AFLOAT.

Casey's tactics were sufficient for every possible movement
emergency on land. The average regiment was fairly drilled
in all essential evolutions of the line, but Casey's tactics pre-
supposed terra firm a as a base of operations. Casey was set at
defiance, was buried in contempt, the moment a body of troops
was trundled aboard a government transport. In fact, no sys-
tem of tactics ever contemplated the motions and the woes of a
regiment afloat. It is quite time that history be reversed, in
one particular at least. For more than a hundred years it has
been a recognized proof of patriotism to abuse the Hessians for
an attempt to aid Britain in subjugating the colonies. A deli-
cate sense of justice suggests, that, instead of rearing a monu-
ment on American soil to a spy because he was not smart
enough to escape Gen. Washington's noose, it will be a better
recognition of sterling worth to set up a slab to every Hessian
who survived the transport voyage across the Atlantic ; thus
evincing a type of heroism beside which the deeds of Marathon
are not worth mentioning. No veteran can boast of a rounded-
out and complete military experience unless he was initiated
into the noxious mysteries of a vessel with a freight consign-
ment consisting of Union soldiers. The evils of such a passage
were inseparable from the situation, and the government fully
met all reasonable expectations in the accommodations afforded.
There were so many uncertain and uncontrollable factors in the
problem of moving a thousand men by sea a thousand miles,
that no surprise should be felt when it is learned, that very few
entirely agreeable voyages were made by our soldier mariners.
In cool weather, with a smooth sea, a short voyage, and no
crowding, the trip could be made with tolerable comfort. The
actual experiences rarely combined these conditions.

There is no dearth of permanent impressions concerning a
lively voyage where a large number of men were huddled into
an inadequate space ; pitched into an utter promiscuousness of
undesirable fraternity ; rolled, shaken, jostled, and tumbled into
a dangerous approach to " Union jelly ; " " rocked in the cradle

ODORS BETWEEN DECKS. 155

of the deep " in a manner devoid of all poetry ; refreshed on
condensed sea-water, the vilest decent liquid ever brewed;
lulled to rest in the balmy salubrity of a between-decks' atmos-
phere, the aroma is not yet out of our nostrils.

" I counted two and seventy stenches,
All well defined, and several stinks."

The sublimity of the majestic sea outside, and the nauseous
mistiness of the air within, remind one of the anomalous con-
trast implied in the lines of Coleridge :

" The river Rhine, it is well known,
Doth wash your city of Cologne ;
But tell me, nymphs, what power divine
Shall henceforth wash the river Rhine? "

Those who have been plunged into the immeasurable depths
of disgust on a transport passage, wonder what attributes of
grandeur will suffice to remove that stain from Old Ocean.
The Fourteenth Regiment was transported more than ten thou-
sand miles by water during the war of the Rebellion, and may
fairly claim to have found its " sea-legs." This long stretch of
water campaigning was not wholly on salt water, although four
respectable voyages are included ; but the river-trips of the regi-
ment were quite comprehensive. On the Thames, Hudson,
Delaware, Susquehanna, Potomac, James, Savannah, and Mis-
sissippi, the Fourteenth moved, as it participated in the wide
reaching strategy which finally crushed the historic "anaconda."
On sound and river steamboats, and in ocean transport steam-
ships, the numerous expeditions were made ; while one style of
vessel deserves a separate and especial reference.

A Mississippi steamboat is entirely singular and unique. It
would be uncouth, were it not so grand ; and its interior mag-
nificence is ample recompense for unwieldy smoke-stacks, clumsy
boilers, and ungainly decking, with a top-lofty pilot-house for a
monster finial. A Mississippi steamboat sweeping around one
of the great bends in the Father of Waters is a majestic figure,
affording one of the finest possible spectacles in the realm of

156 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

imagination. A trip down the river on such a splendid steamer
as the " Gray Eagle ' : is an experience rare, exhilarating,
memorable. It was one of the pleasantest passages in the his-
toiy of the regiment, and the congenial chats on the roomy
decks of that elegant boat come home with a peculiar tender-
ness to the survivors. Sailing smoothly, but with a mighty im-
petus, past extensive and grand old plantations, their graceful
and romantic mansions adorning the banks; sweeping down
between immense fields of corn and cane, whose straight' rows
stretched from the river back for miles ; the scenery diversified
by sugar-establishments, orange-groves, and more affluent parks
of oak, with the graceful Southern moss adding its indescriba-
ble charm, such a picture invited the appreciative volunteer
on the delightful summer evening when the Fourteenth was
borne on toward the sanguinary scenes undreamed of, yet just
before. The occasion was, in every sense, a wonderful excep-
tion in the life of every soldier on board. It was an experience
entirely at variance with the current of a life-time. It made
real and vivid what had been, previously, entertained only in
romance.

It was decidedly unusual for a soldier in active service to see
any thing of society ; yet aboard the " Gray Eagle," on the night
referred to, the boys were regaled by glimpses of a fairy enter-
tainment. A good orchestra in the saloon furnished music for
a brilliant company of ladies and gentlemen, in costly apparel,
tripping through the mazes of a gay quadrille. Strange as it
may appear, it was a novel sight to nearly all save the officers,
a refined woman, in any proximity to soldiers. The music
and the brilliant spectacle moved the men ; and they gathered
in groups or couples, and talked of home, of service, of cam-
paigns to come, of the problems of the war, on a plane of
thought and expression manifestly elevated by the surroundings
of the hour. Such accessories revealed a noble inner life in
many a volunteer who in general never manifested other than
superficial merit. It was an occasion to stir all tender and
noble sentiment ; and fortunate will be the circumstauces of the
veterans of the Fourteenth, when they luxuriate in an exist-

MOONLIGHT ON THE MISSISSIPPI. 157

ence of more delightsome dreaminess, where the atmosphere
was heavy with the sweet odors of the magnolia, and a great
variety of tropical plants.

Moonlight voyaging on the Mississippi is simply incompara-
ble, and there and then the sunny South appeared in its supreme
loveliness. Who forgets the spectacle witnessed from the levees
and parapets of Carrollton, at night, when the gardens and fig-
groves seemed flooded with moonlight of a quality exotic to
New-England latitudes, and a great steamboat was coming
round the upper bend, its hoarse, unearthly snorting announcing
its approach long before the pair of tall black smoke-stacks
loomed up, indicating the perplexing sinuosities of its track ?
Let the man who is deficient in imagination climb the levee
above New Orleans, and watch that monster forge down upon
him, with its unrivalled grandeur of momentum ; and, if there
is any latent poetry in his constitution, he will henceforth

" Find tongues in trees, books in the running brooks,
Sermons in stones, and grace in every thing."

An ocean voyage, under the most favorable conditions, is
never wholly agreeable ; but when a between-decks' bunk,
rather than a state-room, is the allotment, the discomfort is ag-
gravated beyond the appreciation of those who have never tried
the experiment. But when a crowded transport encounters a
storm at sea, becomes disabled and helpless in the uncon-
trollable and bewildering fury of the tempest, the horrors of the
situation are beyond all description. The Fourteenth Regi-
ment sailed out from New York, March 20, 1864, on the "Dan-
iel Webster." She lay anchored in the North River, the men
being put aboard by tenders. It was a memorable occasion in
the lives of those volunteers. Probably not half a dozen in the
regiment had ever stepped on the deck of an ocean steamer be-
fore that morning. Every thing was strange, and far removed
from all previous experience ; but some of the novelties would
gladly have been dispensed with. The officers occupied the
cabin and state-rooms ; but the rank and file were marched to
the forward hatchway, and then never did the Fourteenth

158 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Regiment come so near to insubordination as when it looked
down that hatchway. There was a decided reluctance to being
quartered between decks; but down the ladder the men crept,
in obedience to orders. There, in the darkness, they found the
space filled with rough bunks, in three tiers, built in so closely
that there was barely room, between tiers, for passage.

Probably this accommodation was the best practicable : but
the senses revolted from the irremediable closeness, even in fine
weather ; while this sweat-stench-box, with men packed like sar-
dines, was almost horrible in a storm. The "Daniel Webster"
had not reached the Narrows, when some of the most vigorous
among the officers and men grew seasick. There was a good
sea on ; and, as the vessel got outside, night came on, with a
brisk breeze and rising waves. First, a general uneasiness ;
then, a pronounced and almost universal disquietude of stom-
ach ; and, ere long, a positive state of misery was reached.
The depths of woe in seasickness can best be studied in a trans-
port vessel, with victims never before tossed on the briny deep.
Here again our Bull-Run hero, who knew all about the war,
stepped into prominence. He spent the first three hours after
getting under way in bantering all about him, and predicting
the horrors of the coming nausea. He was an old salt, so to
speak ; he had been on a voyage before ; you couldn't start him.
In six hours he was sucking a lemon ; in eight hours his stom-
ach interviewed him frequently; and before morning he was
whining like a ninny. We never observed more of ludicrous
wretchedness in the same compass than aboard that steamer.
The utter disgust with life itself was comically pitiful. About
one-third of the regiment were helplessly sick, while not more
than one-fourth entirely escaped. As many as possible remained
on deck, and the rails were constantly fringed with sufferers
heaving not the lead. The condition of things below was
indescribable.

The evils of seasickness were trifling, however, compared
with the aggravated horrors surrounding a great storm at sea.
We always believed that the captain's assertion was true when
he declared that the gale which so nearly sent the " Daniel

A FOUNDERING SHIP. 159

Webster" to the bottom was the severest he ever encountered
in a thirty-years' experience. Our confidence in his opinion
has been somewhat shaken by the consideration that some sea-
captains are in the habit of calling the last storm the worst one
they ever saw. It is certain, however, that the " Daniel Web-
ster " barely escaped foundering off Cape Hatteras in one of the
most fearful tempests which ever visited that coast. No battle
conceivable would involve the horrors and despair of the forty-
eight hours of the vessel's helplessness, when, lying in the trough
of mighty seas, she was beaten, buffetted, and pounded ; while
the men in agony expected that the next tremendous wave
would send her under forever.

A striking contrast in the men was then evidenced. The
majority met the danger quietly, being brave, alert, steady ;
some were even jocose, save in the darkest moment ; but the
abject terror of the usually most blatant, boastful, and profane,
was contemptible, even with one foot in a watery grave. When
the order was given to send all the men below, and fasten down
the hatches, the climax of the dreadful situation was reached,
and the best stuff in the regiment trembled. To be drowned
between decks in the night, like rats in a trap, with no fighting
chance, was a fate from which the stoutest quailed. The im-
prisoned men were face to face with the sheerest desperation,
and were surely in the direst extremity. The after-works of
the ship were swept away ; the port paddle-box was stove in ; the
mainsail was carried away ; we lost binnacle, compass, and other
instruments ; the engine was disabled : and the sea was lashed to
an awful fury. In this strait scores of men manifested a cour-
age which gave them an added dignity for all after-time, and
whose lustre was crowned on the battle-fields of later months ;
but the faint-hearted cannot recall that trying period with pride.
Men who were commonly reckless and blasphemous now prayed
loudly, fervently, and long for help and deliverance ; but, when
terra firma was reached, they were as profane as they had been
prayerful.

" When the Devil was sick, the Devil a monk would be:
When the Devil got well, the devil a monk was he."

160 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Some of the protestations of that desperate time would not
read well to those who have now got twenty years away from
that storm. The vow was solemnly made, that, if they ever got
on shore again alive, they would never go a-fishing in a small
boat on a New-Hampshire mill-pond. Others declared they
would be perfectly willing to go into battle every day of the
week if they could be guaranteed a survival of that gale. To
those who could rise above fear, there was a strange sublimity in
the bewildering wildness of the scene, a towering majesty of Old
Ocean in the dread exercise of a power never before conceived
of, a revelation of the Eternal One calculated to fill the soul
with an awe never more to subside. It was a spectacle surpass-
ing all else that is grand to the eye of man.

In the midst of the sublimity of Nature's mad tempest-throes,
and the extremity and terror of the human cargo, there was
large room for absurdities ; and the room was well taken. A
storm at sea tries the timber of men as surely as it does that of
the vessel. Every side of character was illustrated during that
voyage, and the comical parts of the drama were well sustained.
One poor fellow so far lost his wits in preparing to leave this
life, that he turned over all his valuables to a comrade, with the
earnest request that he give them to his family. Some acted a
role without previous preparation or consent. Company F had
a heavy, slow snail of a private, who never did but two things
with an}^ rapidity, eating and snoring. He never was known
to take his musket apart, clean it, and assemble it again in the
same day ; but a Cape Hatteras double and twisted gale was
sufficient to thrill even that phlegmatic, good-natured, and really
popular rotundity : at any rate, the seat of his breeches got
thoroughly magnetized. He came on deck just after the waves
had reached the acme of their rise, and the ship was rolling its
worst, being at the mercy of cross-seas. Private Snail had no
trouble in mounting the hatchway ladder : in fact, he came on
deck as though fired up from the hold out of a mortar. A tre-
mendous lurch of the vessel did it. If our hero had any "sure
holt," it was sitting down ; and in that posture he landed, if that
verb could be used out of sight of land and of all hope of ever

A SHIFTING CARGO. 161

seeing even a handful of earth again. The same wave that
hoisted him from between-decks sent him flying down the por-
tentous incline to the port side of the vessel. He arrived there
precisely in time not to clutch the rail before another mighty
billow reversed the see-saw, and sent him to the starboard side.
The lurch was so great that even Snail's inertia was sensibly
overcome, and he traversed that deck with considerable speed.
He was too clumsy- to roll ; but he could slide, with the Atlantic
ocean behind him for a motor. And he did slide. He seemed,
to realize that he was in motion soon enough to make a lunge
for the starboard lower rigging ; but another wave was too quick
for him, and back he went. He surveyed air-lines across that
deck three times, and the performance closed only when a
friendly rope was thrown about him at the starboard terminus
of his remarkable shuttle-track. He begged pairs of cast-off
pantaloons, from which he secured patches for his terribly
racked breeches.

The heavy swell, the dying wind, the silence and the smooth
sea, the slow run into Port Royal, came after the storm. Camp-
ing on a desert of deep-shifting, wind-blown sand, waiting a
week for the vessel's repair, added to our stock of experience,
but not to comfort or peace of mind. Palm-trees, a splendid
harbor, and sand filled our eyes, principally the latter. Sand
everywhere; sand for mattress, pillow, and coverlet. Shelter-
tents were the only protection afforded, and a rain-storm came
on to heighten the impressions of the place. Strange to tell,
the men re-embarked on the " Daniel Webster " gladly ; and no
lovelier day or fairer sea ever tempted the willing mariner than
that on which the Fourteenth steamed out of Port Royal, on its
way to the still sunnier South.

The second day out we witnessed a burial at sea. The band
played a dirge on the quarter-deck, and the shrouded body was
laid on a plank in an open port. The splash, the plunge, the
unmarked entombment, completed a burial most beautiful and
fitting. Stopping for coal at Key West, we revelled in the
orange-groves of Florida, and visited Col. Fellows and his col-
ored regiment at Fort Taylor. Steaming across the Gulf,

162 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

miles before land was descried, the great circle of muddy water
announced that we had entered the current of the Mississippi.
Previously we had noted with wonder the clear line of demar-
cation between the Gulf Stream and abutting water. The delta
was entered at Pass L'Outre; and the "Daniel Webster" had
survived a great peril, and the Fourteenth Regiment was safe
from all the threatened dangers of an eventful voyage.

The first month of the Fourteenth's stay in Louisiana was
delightful. The village of Carrollton, so different from any New-
England town, was a source of interest and pleasure to the men.
The A tents were pitched on a well-turfed mead adjacent to a
fig-orchard, and the magnolia and other tropical flowering ver-
dure loaded the air with a wondrous and delicious perfume. In
some respects the New-Hampshire volunteers found themselves
in a fairy-land. The unhealthy season had not arrived, and
Southern foliage was just entering upon its full luxuriance.
Those incomparable moonlight evenings on the levee, with the
dark, swift, turbulent rush of waters, bearing great monsters of
war and traffic, on one side ; and the beautiful gardens, gay bal-
conies, stirring military music of the Fourteenth's band, and
the wild melodies of recently freed darkies, on the other,
such spectacles for a time quite reconciled the Union volunteer
to a post of duty in the defences of New Orleans.

The Fourteenth was too late to participate in the movement
of the army under Gen. Banks up the Red River. Troops had
been drawn from the vicinity of New Orleans so thoroughly, to
swell the column of the great expedition, that the city was left
without adequate protection ; especially as the Rebels in the
state of Mississippi would be almost sure to improve the oppor-
tunity, not only to make a diversion in favor of the threatened
army of Dick Taylor, but also to make a desperate assault upon
New Orleans, and possibly effect its recapture. To avert so
serious a catastrophe, the Fourteenth was stationed in Camp
Parapet, behind the imposing line of earthworks running from

PASS M AN C II AC. 163

the Mississippi to Lake Pontchartrain. During the first few
weeks in Carroll ton excellent health prevailed in the regiment;
hut as the season advanced, and the tropical heat prevailed, an
unacclimated body of men like the Fourteenth necessarily suf-
fered terribly. The best water to be had was from the Missis-
sippi ; and that, despite its twenty-five per cent of mud, was
tolerably agreeable, and perhaps not unwholesome. During
its stay in this camp, the regiment was drilled by companies, and
occasionally in battalion; although no systematic exercise in
tactics was undertaken. The Fourteenth had practically done
with drilling ; and what efficiency it ever possessed, in evolution
and manual, was attained previous to the Louisiana campaign.

The regiment, while in Camp Parapet, performed guard,
picket, and escort duty. The latter was confined to railroad
trains, principally to those on the N. O., J., and G. N. Railroad,
which ran from New Orleans, north, between Lakes Pont-
chartrain and Maurepas, to Jackson, Miss. The road was
open as far as the Pass Manchac, which connected the two
lakes. Every train was run with a strong guard in each car ;
and the pass was defended by half-moon breastworks, on which
ordnance was mounted. Manchac was a lively and peculiar im-
provised hamlet-post, with every mark of frontierism, and built
on stilts. Aside from the unfortunate human beings who tar-
ried there, the atmosphere above was crowded with mosquitoes,
and the waters beneath were alive with alligators. Betwixt
the two, there was no happy spot for a decent man. Of all the
curious aggregations of buildings, some of the mushroom ham-
lets among the Louisiana bayous, during the war, were, par ex-
cellence, nondescript and singular. Yet they were busy hives ;
and a Yankee was sure to be found somewhere about, the mas-
ter spirit and efficient organizer. Along the line of road under
consideration a transient lumber interest was thriving- ; and saw-
mills, which almost floated, were sending their busy hum among
the graceful, moss-fringed timber of that region. The railroad,
for miles, was built on piling : and from the trains the Four-
teenth boys enjoyed rare sport in shooting at alligators ;
for a point-blank shot from a good rifle, on the back of one of

164 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

the mature monsters, made no more impression than the prick
of a pin on a buffalo's back, if any one ever got near enough
to a live bison to try the experiment. The details for train-
guard were inclined to be pretty well satisfied with the duty
assigned them.

April 20 Lieut. E. D. Hadley took command of Company F,
which he retained until disabled by wounds. On the 29th
Capt. F. T. Barker of Company A, having resigned his com-
mission, left for home ; and, on the 27th of May, Lieut. H. S.
Paul assumed command in his stead. The duties above enu-
merated were performed by the regiment until the last of May.
The 28th of that month it was relieved, at all its posts, by the
Twentieth U. S. C. troops, and the Fourteenth R. I. Heavy
Artillery, colored.

The Fourteenth was destined for a different and, as then
believed, a more sanguinary service. May 20 Gen. Canby su-
perseded Gen. Banks, as commander of the department; and
the great Red-river campaign was at an inglorious end. There
were as many reasons for the failure as there were prominent
officers in the expedition. The army had returned to quarters
on the river-bank ; the main body of the troops being concen-
trated at Morganzia Bend, just below the confluence of the Red
and Mississippi Rivers.

June 7 the Fourteenth embarked on the river steamboat
" N. Longworth ; " and at noon she swung off from the levee,
and snorted defiance to the swift current of the Mississippi.
Up the river, past Baton Rouge ; rounding the ominous bend of
Port Hudson, with its frowning, but now silenced, batteries ;
doubling, twisting, receding, and advancing, grandly sweeping
round astonishing loops in the Father of Waters ; up, two hun-
dred miles from New Orleans, the Fourteenth sailed, and landed
at Morganzia, on the west bank of the river, June 8. It was a
delightful twenty-hours' passage.

The regiment camped on a rising, uneven piece of ground,
partially covered with scrub-oaks, situated between the river
and the levee, which at this point runs half a mile from the
river-bank. The camp sloped toward the west and the level

CAMP AT MOROANZIA. 165

parade-ground abutting the levee. A view of the Fourteenth's
camp at Morganzia is given herewith. There the regiment
was incorporated into the Nineteenth Army Corps, being as-
signed to the second brigade, second division. Col. Wilson of
the Fourteenth, being the senior colonel, took command of the.
second brigade. At that time there were twenty thousand
troops in camp at Morganzia, and large accessions were soon
afterward made. Gen. William H. Emory, who had previously
commanded a division, was appointed to the command of the
Nineteenth Corps ; and on the 11th of June he held a grand
review, with the aim of consolidating and increasing the effi-
ciency of the corps organization. The review took place on a
broad plain two miles from the camp of the Fourteenth. The
summer heat was intense, and the men suffered almost to ex-
haustion ; a heavy shower finally drenching the entire army.
The review was the grandest parade which the regiment had
ever witnessed ; and, considering that the corps had just passed
through the vicissitudes of an unfortunate campaign, the seve-
ral organizations presented a remarkably good appearance.

Two days later, on the 18th, Major-Gen. Daniel E. Sickles,
who lost a leg at Gettysburg, arrived at Morganzia, and re-
viewed the Nineteenth Corps. These marshallings of a great
army corps in battle array, and parading of the different bat-
talions together, was beneficial, and even necessary in the light
of subsequent events. An esprit du corps was engendered, which
proved its potency on later fields. It was a splendid pageant,
thirty thousand men in line, all veteran troops. Gen. Sickles,
riding with one stirrup empty, and his orderly following with
crutches, was the recipient of a hearty ovation ; and the battal-
ions marched in review in columns by division. If, on the
previous occasion, the heat was intense, on the 13th it had be-
come nearly intolerable. The men wilted like cabbage-leaves,
and those accustomed to the use of stimulants succumbed to an
extraordinary degree. Had the march not been conducted with
great prudence, and the utmost consideration been shown by
the commanding-officers, a wholesale prostration must have
resulted from the exposure. The sickly season was upon the

166 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

army ; and the Fourteenth, unaccustomed to the latitude and
climate, suffered peculiarly. Malarial and typhoid fevers, dys-
entery and diarrhoea, swept off the weaker ones at a fearful rate ;
and some of the best physiques in the regiment surrendered.
The service of the Fourteenth in Louisiana was more deadly
than any active campaign in more northerly latitudes could
have proved, even with frequent battles.

June 16 the regiment was visited by the inspector-general of
the Department of the Gulf, and its arms and accoutrements
pronounced in excellent condition. It was found that the
Eighth N. H. was in another division of the Nineteenth Corps,
and mutual visits were paid by members of the two battalions.
A pleasant river expedition varied the hot and unhealthy mo-
notony of camp-life at Morganzia, although two or three fine
brigade dress-parades were held when the weather permitted.
On the 17th Capt. Chandler took command of Company A.

Since the opening of the Mississippi to navigation, on the
fall of Port Hudson July 9, 1863, the government, as well as
private enterprise, had been constantly increasing the number
of boats plying between Cairo and New Orleans. It was most
important to preserve an open channel and safe transit. The
Rebels were never idle long at a time ; and, after the close of the
Red-river campaign, they amused themselves by planting bat-
teries on the river-bank at annoying points, and stationing
sharp-shooters where they could coolly pick off the pilots. So
fatal was this device growing to be, that every boat on the river
lined its pilot-house with boiler-iron. To break up these infest-
ing guerilla assassins, the army co-operated with the navy;
three monitors being supported by the second division of the
Nineteenth Corps, on transports, including detachments of cav-
alry and a battery of light artillery.

The expedition embarked on the evening of the 19th, the
Fourteenth going aboard the "Joseph Pierce." At midnight
the fleet left the landing, and proceeded slowly up the river ; the
gunboats being unable to attain much speed. On the 20th the
troops reached Tunica Bend, where a Rebel battery had been
located. The cavalry and a portion of the infantry landed, and

THE WORTH OF A LETTER. 167

made a reconnoissance occupying most of the day ; the trans-
ports lying at the opposite shore. The Fourteenth remained
on the boat. At night, in pursuance of a preconcerted signal,
the transports recrossed the river, and received on board the
reconnoitring party, which failed to meet or discover any force
of the enemy. The flotilla then steamed up the river all night,
and, at six o'clock on the morning of the 21st, arrived at Fort
Adams in the State of Mississippi. Here the whole force landed,
and bivouacked in a pleasant grove near the river. The day
was spent there agreeably, while the cavalry detachment scoured
the adjacent territory, but found no Rebels. Just after dark the
troops were ordered aboard the transports, and the prows were
headed down stream. Stopping on the way to wood up, the
famous picturesqueness of a Mississippi steamboat, taking wood
in the flare of flambeaux, and amid the droll songs and shouts
of the wood-gangs, was vividly spread before the boys of the
Fourteenth. At ten o'clock that night, the expedition was
safely back in Morganzia.

LETTERS FROM HOME.

In primitive New-England times it doubtless was a notable
event in many a house when a letter was brought from the
post-office, which was never visited oftener than once a week.
The conditions and relations of our fathers made small demands
upon the postman ; and country home-life drifted down the de-
cades to 1861, not much affected by the mails nor familiarized
with frequent correspondence. But who can forget the trans-
formation that was wrought throughout the land by the deple-
tion of homes when stretches of dangerous distances separated
the man or the boy from a bereft, and ofttimes desolate, fireside,
a gulf which nothing, save the precious posted missive, was

allowed to span ?

" Never morning wore to evening,
But some heart did break."

Men squatted, d la Turque, on divans of turf or earth, or even
muddy logs, about camp-fires under the cold stars, whose un-

168 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

fathomable distances suggested to homesick warriors their far-
away homes, sacred beyond their best thought, and yearned for
as never before. And they wrote home. Clumsy fingers, which
hadn't uncorked an ink-bottle since the owner's last one was
shied out of the schoolhouse window years before, wrestled
with exasperating pen, delusive ink, and intractable paper.
Crouching in tent or stockade-bunk, in barracks, or about the
crackling rail-fires, our matter-of-fact volunteers whipped their
distracted thoughts into letter composition. Minds and hearts
were stirred as never before ; holier thoughts were cherished,
and tenderer feelings surged through the soul, than had ever
ennobled those whose tears were the embellishments of their
missives, and whose hearts were sealed and posted away in that
envelope to the farmhouse, now a palace in imagination, or to
the village cottage, a paradise, but guarded by the flaming
sword of a three-years' enlistment. Men learned to reiterate
the love which they had not whispered for many years since the
halcyon days of courtship. This subtle and cherished bond of
communion with home and friends was potent in building man-
liness and in cheering our volunteers.

The post-office department was a school, and every letter a
lesson, whose culture turned numberless lives into better paths.
And those silent yet eloquent messengers from camp, bivouac,
and battle-field, accomplished their mission in a million homes.
Wife, mother, sister, betrothed, were sustained through the un-
utterable strain of the long suspense, and cheered in this
unmeasured abnegation by letters from the seat of war. But
consider the reciprocal effect. Look in upon a company street
when the word flashes down the color-line, and darts like an
electric current among the tents, that " The mail is in ! "

Except when stationed at central points, and in proximity to
regular and uninterrupted lines of communication, a regiment
received its mails irregularly. While in the field, a week, a
month, might pass without a mail's arrival. But the sutler, a
headquarters' orderly, ambulance-master, quartermaster-sergeant,
or perchance a returning furloughed officer, brings from the
base of supplies or from Washington, a long-delayed, much-

A NIGHT CHARACTER STUDY. 169

expected mail. The chaplain is postmaster; and, when a mail is
to be disbursed, the chaplain's messages are universally welcome.
The sergeant-major notifies each company's "orderly" that the
mail is in, although every private has already received and
reported the glad information forty or fifty times. Eagerness
changes to impatience, which in turn gives way to clamor. " Is
it going to take all night to distribute that mail?" voices the
general feeling of anxiety, only relieved when ten first sergeants
are seen scattering from the chaplain's tent. Tattoo has been left
an hour behind ; taps have peremptorily warned all lights out ;
it is a dark, black night ; but, as the " orderly " steps to the end
of the double line of tents, every man is out from his bunk and
blankets, and huddling about him as he stands with a fat hand-
ful of precious letters, while half a dozen newspapers are tucked
beneath his arm. Half a score of the most eager produce their
adamantine candles, which, held over the envied official's shoul-
der, enable them to catch a first glimpse of the invaluable
missives, and discount the tantalizing distribution.

Stand well back in the darkness, and study that tremulously
eager half-hundred men, self-banished from home, whose army-
life has discovered to them a tenderer spot in their own souls
than they ever dreamed of before. What a scene ! romantic,
thrilling, weird ! A sentry's beat, a distant challenge, the
clanking sabre of a passing cavalryman, alone breaks the silence,
which, in this group of waiting men, is hushed to a painful
stillness. Note those weather-tried countenances. The glim-
mer of candles athwart the fantastic, faintly lighted picture
shows strange blendings of light and shadow. There are stern
features and delicate-lined faces there ; some pale with eager-
ness, all expectant; eloquent with an inexpressible longing.
There are some who affect indifference. These, when returning
to their tents empty-handed, take pains to declare loudly, " I
didn't expect any thing by this mail." Poor fellows ! they go
to their bunks with something like a heavy piece of lead in their
hearts. As the names are called, the favored ones cry out,
" Give it to me ! " and the hand's clutch upon the letter smooths
the furrows on the face. Some get two, and even three ; and

170 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

how they are envied! It would touch even a hard heart to
observe the disappointment, not to be concealed, as the pile of
letters diminishes, and the expected one is not among them.
The last letter is snatched : the papers are unnoticed. There is
light in some tents; and others are dark, but not so dark as the
mood of those whose homes are a thousand miles farther away
than ten minutes ago : and the year of jubilee slips away into
the hopeless stretches of the future.

No civilian can estimate the worth of a letter from home to
the discouraged, homesick, or diseased soldier. To the ema-
ciated ones it was a better tonic than the inevitable quinine,
and letters odorous of native hill or valley often renewed hope
and restored health. A cheerful letter aroused to energy and
steadied the whole man. It was a sermon, a prayer, a benedic-
tion, a guardian angel, restraining from evil, and holding the
soldier up to manhood's level. Let it be thought no exaggeration
to affirm that the bones of*thousands of Union soldiers are scat-
tered through the South, lives which might have been saved
by a timely, encouraging letter from home, or from some cher-
ished friend. The government was shrewd, as well as graceful,
in passing the volunteers' letters free of postage. No mention
has been made of the speculator in loyal remembrances, who
took advantage of a universal interest in the soldier, and rolled
up a correspondence-list of fifty or a hundred, "just for fun."
This was a " loose expectoration " of tender literature wonder-
ful to contemplate, and of little profit to any one.

We have said that all in the camp impetuously turned out at
the cry of " Mail ! " No, not all. In nearly every company
there were some who never wrote, never received, a letter.
Among these peculiar ones were numbered those whose grain
was fine enough to keenly feel the deprivation. Some were so
stolid and ignorant as to little appreciate the subtle chords which
bound the legions of the North to those far from whom they
even dared to die. But such were few : and, in contemplating
the bars which set men apart from those influences which unite
in community and brotherhood, it may still be said that the boy
in blue who trod his beat and filled his gap in battle through

NINETEENTH ARMY CORPS. 171

the terrible years of strife, sending and receiving no message of
friendship or love, was indeed and fearfully alone among tens
of thousands ; he served his country, often nobly; but his pulse-
beat was not in time with the gentle and the strong ; he lived
in a surpassing and pitiable isolation. To such a man the com-
panionships of the army were a society boon beyond any thing
he had previously enjoyed; and could he have felt the spur of
a constant, sympathetic correspondence, who shall say how
much he would have been enlarged as a man, and bettered for
all his future ?

The 1st of July witnessed a disruption of the Army of the
Gulf, a re-organization of the Nineteenth Army Corps, and its
transfer from this to another department. And it was time for
some move, if the lives of the men were held of any value. In
addition to the fatal unhealthiness of the place and season, fre-
quent drenching showers contributed to a general discomfort,
with swarms of flies and mosquitoes thrown in as garnishing.
There was one compensation, but it came just too late with
many a gallant fellow. The hospital was on board the large
and commodious steamboat " Laurel Hill," and the sick were
well located and provided for. In the re-organization of the
Nineteenth Corps, the Fourteenth was transferred to the first
brigade ; and thereafter, until the close of the war, its complete
designation ran, Fourteenth New-Hampshire Vols., first brigade,
second division, Nineteenth Army Corps. Major-Gen. Emory
continued to be the corps commander to the end, with Gen.
Cuvier Grover, the division commander ; Gen. H. W. Birge,
formerly colonel of Tenth Conn., being appointed to lead the
brigade. The remnant of the Thirteenth Corps was consti-
tuted the third division of the Nineteenth.

July 1 was a day of extraordinary commotion at Morganzia,
although the members of the Fourteenth turned in at night all
ignorant of the impending break-up. Gen. Emory and staff
left for New Orleans that evening, on the steamer " Crescent."
Shortly after midnight, on the morning of the 3d, the left wing

172 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

of the Fourteenth was roused, and ordered to strike tents ; the
right wing having already moved half a mile up the river and
nearer to the landing. The left wing, receiving; no marching
orders, bunked down again on bare poles, and slept until morn-
ing, when it joined the right wing, remaining there in a most
transient state of bivouacking.

After dark on the evening of the 3d, the regiment went
aboard the " Gray Eagle," one of the most magnificent steamers
then plying on the Mississippi. It was known that the troops
were destined for some enterprise or service outside the Depart-
ment of the Gulf, and speculation was as busy and as erratic as
soldiers' guesses were apt to be.

At nine a.m. July 4, the " Gray Eagle " crowded into the
swarm of vessels at the wharves of New Orleans. She made a
landing at the foot of Canal Stree ( t, just inside a United-States
steam-frigate, and below a French man-of-war. The regiment
remained aboard the steamer, and lay under the guns of the
man-of-war, when the national salute was fired and the yards
manned at noon. . Shortly after noon the boat steamed across
the river ; and the Fourteenth landed a little above the village
of Algiers, where A tents were pitched, and the troops of the
Nineteenth Corps were rapidly going into camp. It was under-
stood that the stay would be but temporary, and most of the
hucksters acquiesced in the briefest sort of brevity in the tarry-
ing of the Yanks among them. The boys were not in love with
Louisiana: they knew they were soon to leave it, and they
exemplified the doctrine that the world Algiers for the time
owed them a living. It is not possible that the world was
much in debt to the Nineteenth Corps when its last straggler
was safely stored on the ocean transport.

The first and second divisions of the Nineteenth Corps were
entirely at Algiers on the night of the 4th, and were simply
awaiting transportation. Several destinations were named by
the rumor-mongers. One was an expedition to Brashear,
another to Charleston, and the Potomac was hinted at ; but
that was deemed a wild guess : while Mobile was popularly
considered the most probable, though not desired, destination.

ANOTHER VOYAGE. 173

Dress-parades were held, and some drilling done, while the
suspense continued. Every day witnessed the departure of
transports laden with troops going somewhere. Every com-
mander departed with sealed orders, so that the sharpest Rebel
spy could gain no inkling of the threatened blow. The Four-
teenth was destined to remain in that camp nearly ten days.

July 11 orders were received to prepare for embarkation, and
all possible preparations were made except striking tents. On
the morning of the 11th the regiment broke camp, and marched
through the town to the wharf; and of course the ship was not
ready for its human freight. The men lounged upon the side-
walks all day. Just at night the brilliant discovery was made,
that the vessel could accommodate but a part of the regiment.
The right wing and Company H went on board the " Conti-
nental ; " while Companies F, K, E, and G enjoyed flag-stone
berths in the streets of Algiers until morning, when they again
went into camp, awaiting transportation. For the next five
weeks these companies, known as the left wing, had a separate
history.

THE RIGHT WING.

In addition to the right wing of the Fourteenth, the steam-
ship "Continental" took from New Orleans the Seventy-fifth
N. Y., which made the number of troops on board nine hundred
and seventeen, officers and men. The right wing was com-
manded by Col. Wilson. These troops, like all other portions
of the Nineteenth Corps, sailed with sealed orders, to be opened
when the pilot should be discharged. The brigade headquarters
were on board the steamer, and Gen. Birge and staff. The
"Continental " left New Orleans at midnight of July 13. The
next morning, having reached the mouth of the river, the pilot
was dismissed ; and Gen. Birge opened the orders, which were,
that the portion of the corps on board was to report to the
commanding-officer at Fortress Monroe. The " T. A. Scott,"
which had sailed five hours before the " Continental," was
passed this day. The trip to Fortress Monroe, occupying six
days, was as pleasant as a good ship and gentlemanly and cour-
teous officers could make it.

174 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Fortress Monroe was reached at midnight of the 19th ; and
the next day the troops were ordered to City Point, to report to
Gen. Grant. The night was passed at Wilton's Landing ; and
the next day (July 21) the men were disembarked at Bermuda
Hundred, and headquarters established. The Twenty-sixth
Mass. was already there, and the Ninth Conn, and Twelfth Me.
arrived during the day. At eight p.m. the brigade was ordered
to the Point, and at ten p.m. of the same evening marched on
the Petersburg road, and, after a four-hours' march, bivouacked
just back of the fortifications, nine miles from Petersburg.

Just at evening of the 22d the battalion was ordered to " fall
in," the men were taught to do so very quickly during the
six-clays' stay there, but was hardly in time to receive Gen.
B. F. Butler and staff, who were making an unceremonious visit
to the camps in that vicinity. A Massachusetts regiment near
us were enthusiastic in their reception. As he rode past with
uncovered head, his peculiar eye revealed to the New-Hamp-
shire boys, who had seen " Harper's Weekly," and had not seen
the man before, the name of him who won so much notoriety
during the war.

During the stay there the battalion had drills, dress-parades,
and brigade inspection.

On the morning of the 28th the right wing started, with other
troops, on a reconnoissance, crossing the James River on pon-
toon bridges at Deep Bottom, driving the enemy back along the
Newmarket road, west of Malvern Hill, about two miles. The
troops were on historic ground, in the vicinity of the " seven-
days' battle," and twelve miles from Richmond. They then com-
menced throwing up breastworks, working on the fortifications
until five p.m. on the 29th, when a brisk fire was opened upon the
enemy from our batteries ; but they did not respond. During
the day the gunboats in the river, near Dutch Gap, had been
shelling the Rebels at intervals over the heads of the infantry.
The Fourteenth had never before heard those large shells ; and
the boys wanted to get close to the ground when the " cooking-
stoves," as they called them, passed over. About six p.m. the
reconnoitring force began to evacuate the works. The wheels

LEAVING LOUISIANA. 175

of the artillery were muffled, no lights were allowed, and every
thing was done with the least sound possible. By midnight the
troops were well under way ; and every thing had been so
quietly done, and the skirmish-line had been so carefully with-
drawn, that the enemy did not discover their opponent's absence
till near daylight, when they followed, and came up just as the
rear of our line was crossing the pontoons. The Fourteenth was
the last to cross ; and a serious loss was threatened to the bat-
talion, and lively times generally, before the army got over. But
the movement had been anticipated ; and our batteries were in
position upon the south side of the river, and gave the Johnnies
a warm reception. After crossing, the force halted a few minutes
for rest and breakfast, and then moved back to the camp near
Bermuda Hundred. The brigade reached camp at noon ; but,
during its halt in a ravine while waiting for orders, many offi-
cers and men were sunstruck, and disabled by the intense heat.

THE LEFT WING.

The left wing of the regiment left Algiers, La., at four
o'clock in the afternoon of July 16, on the screw-steamer " Gen-
eral Lyon." The battalion was in command of Major Gardiner,
and was accompanied by the following officers : Surgeon Perkins,
Capt. Tolman, and Lieuts. Cobleigh and Richardson of E ;
Lieuts. Fisk and Webster of K; Lieut. Hadley of F; and Lieut.
Sturtevant of G. A portion of the Third Mass. Cavalry were
on board, being quartered between decks in berths : the left
wing was on the upper deck. These quarters were comforta-
ble enough during the daytime and in fair weather, but decid-
edly disagreeable through the three days of rain that prevailed
during the voyage. At night, when the men turned in, they
occupied every available foot of space on the upper deck ; and
the curses of the sailors, as they endeavored to make their way
among them during the night in the working of the ship, were
both frequent and fervent.

At four o'clock on the morning of the 17th, the steamer
crossed the bar, and swept into the open gulf. On the 21st the

176 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

vessel left the gulf, and entered the Atlantic Ocean. Water
had last been taken on board in the James River, before start-
ing for New Orleans; and it was stored in barrels of every
description, chiefly, however, old kerosene barrels: many of
these proved leaky ; and the sixth day out all hands were put
on a daily allowance of one pint, one-half of which was used in
cooking food, leaving one half-pint for drinking purposes, and
most of this so tainted with the taste and odor of kerosene as to
be nauseating in the extreme. There was some complaining
among the men concerning the short allowance of water, and
its scarcity and poor quality certainly added much to the dis-
comfort of the voyage. The officers found some fault with the
food furnished them, and in this respect were not as well off as
the men.

Hatteras light was passed at eight o'clock on the evening of
the 26th; and on the 27th, at three in the afternoon, the " Gen-
eral Lyon " swept past Cape Henry into Chesapeake Bay. At
best a slow boat, this voyage was lengthened by the breaking of
two blades of her screw; and it was not until five o'clock on the
evening of the 27th that Fortress Monroe was reached. Col.
Sargent and Major Gardiner went on shore to report, and re-
ceived orders to proceed to Washington. At ten o'clock the
ship weighed anchor, and went on her way toward Washington.

The Potomac was entered on the morning of the 28th; and,
as the steamer passed up the river, a more thirsty lot of men
than crowded her deck is not often seen. The captain of the
steamer had promised to let the boys know when fresh water
should be reached ; and, when the ship's pump brought up the
first pailful of the dirty Potomac, the boys gave three cheers,
and drank and drank, until the captain exclaimed, " Hold on,
boys, for Heaven's sake, or we shall be aground ! "

The boat lay at anchor off Aquia Creek during the night,
reaching Sixth-street Wharf, Washington, about four o'clock on
the afternoon of the 28th, having been twelve days on the voy-
age. At night the left wing marched slowly and wearily through
Georgetown, up the left bank of the Potomac, to Chain Bridge,
and bivouacked in a field about four o'clock on the morning of

YANKEE PRUDENCE. 177

July 30 ; the men falling asleep immediately. The same fore-
noon the battalion went into camp near by.

THE YANKEE IN BLUE.

When our hero enlisted, the man was not entirely swallowed
up in the patriot. Inherent and cultivated characteristics were
not in the least subdued, unless they infringed upon the re-
lentless curbs of military discipline. In fact, the army afforded
a peculiar theatre for the exercise of Yankee cunning, and for
an exaggerated play of traditional characters. We at present
make note of the prudent Yankee, who was, like Barkis, a " lit-
tle near." And we are face to face with an interesting and
amusing study. The volunteers of an average regiment could
be divided fairly well into two general classes : the happy-go-
lucky fellows, who were utterly careless of money matters,
spent their pay lavishly and quickly, and then fell into line
with Mr. Micawber. These spendthrifts furnished a mine that
panned out richly, and was well and cleverly worked to the end
by their antipodal, strictly honest, but " mighty cute," comrades.

This latter class might be in the minority when the roll was
called, but was always in the majority when greenbacks were
counted. The strictest post-mortem scrutiny never detected a
sutler's check in one of their pockets, and their stomachs never
flirted with any of the marvellous vanities of said sutler's cui-
sine. Whatever Uncle Sam issued in the way of rations they
took, and sold all they could spare; though the pork, candles,
and soap were generally led through several dexterous dickers
before they became transmuted into the coveted cash. From
the first glimpse of bounty or pay from town, State, or General
Government, these prudent warriors had an eye to the main
chance ; and that chance was well handled. Not a dollar of that
bounty was wasted, not a penny of monthly pay was squan-
dered, not one superfluous pair of socks ever stole into the
clothing account. But this virtue was not wholly economical :
it was persistently aggressive.

The trait we describe was not merely negative in its mani-

178 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

festations, it was untiringly positive. The keeping of money
was a silent, unobtrusive matter, of course; but it was the varied
and ingenious getting of the lucre that furnished the phenomena
worthy of an extended and graphic delineation. They were no
Shylocks, but genial and almost invariably accommodating. In
one respect they were marvels. No matter how long the pay-
master delayed his eagerly expected visit, no matter if nearly
every line-officer in the regiment was bankrupt, these thrifty
privates always had one more legal tender stowed safely in
waiting for a remunerative investment. And there were plenty
of borrowers who hadn't handled a ten-cent shin-plaster of their
own since a week after the last pay-day, and who were ready
to borrow extensively, paying high rates of interest. It was
Darwin's principle transferred to the sphere of the soldier's
economics, "the survival of the fittest," to get and to save
money.

But Yankee industry sought out various channels. There
were less aristocratic, but still more lucrative, devices for elon-
gating thirteen dollars a month into a respectable income.
Descending through the various gradations of dicker, loan, and
labor, all with the greenback as the goal of endeavor, we
encounter next to the man who is everlastingly swapping some-
thing, getting boot and a better article every time the omnivo-
rous buyer. He would buy any thing, and always pay cash; but
he was never known to pay more than an article was worth.
As pay-day settled away into the past, and money grew scarce,
this dealer increased his purchases and decreased his prices.
Your easy-go-lucky fellow on pay-day would invest twenty dol-
lars in a watch, and our Yankee has from two to half a dozen
ready always to sell. One month after the paymaster has in-
flated every thing, save the expenditures of our avaricious war-
riors, the watch in question could be bought for fifteen dollars.
Two weeks more, and the price dropped to ten dollars ; and in
two months the uneasy owner is anxious to sell for five. But
Yankee prudence holds off until the desperate fellow, with not
a dime left for tobacco, and at last not a copper remaining to
enable him to indulge in his uninterrupted recreation of " penny

THAT ARMY OVERCOAT. 179

ante," arrives at the state where three dollars in crisp notes is
more tempting than the twenty-dollar timekeeper ; and for
twenty-four hours he is flush : then he sells all the clothing he
can draw ; and then he is like a shark ashore until the paymas-
ter comes again, and makes him flourish for a day. Meanwhile
every thing is grist that comes to our " near " hero's mill.

"All's fish they get
That cometh to net."

In camp, on guard, picket, march, and even in hospital, he is
always " on the make." He sows beside all waters, but is very
prudent in his dispensation of seed, and compasses with success
his hundred-fold.

For more than a decade after the war closed, it was a stand-
ing mystery throughout the North how so much good army-
clothing was worn by our veterans. And even though twenty
years have dealt their imperious strokes of destruction between
the then and the now, still army blankets adorn many a bed,
and the familiar overcoat perambulates hill and vale. The
Yankee in blue can tell you something of the how of this phe-
nomenon. The quartermaster-general would have viewed with
astonishment, had he been acquainted with the facts, the num-
berless boxes of military clothing sent home in the earlier part
of the war. A large proportion of these consignments were the
result of reckless drawing, and more reckless selling, by spend-
thrift soldiers, and shrewd buying and prudent shipping by our
Yankee in blue. This sending home of clothing was inter-
dicted, and ceased mostly during the last years of service.

If there were comical, foolish, and contemptible sides to these
barter, loan, and gaming transactions of army-life, there was a
sad, even pathetic, aspect, not to be overlooked. Wages, needed
at home, were squandered in wanton pleasure, in sutler's gim-
cracks, or were frittered away in puerile gaming, or asinine
dicker ; the thoughtless soldier buying like a child and selling
like a fool. The Yankee in blue never wasted a penny in play,
nor indulged in a needless or hardly a profitable pleasure. He
was not always a mean character, but always provident. Often

180 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

it was the high motive of lifting a mortgage on the little home,
or of bursting, for his family, the galling bands of poverty. If
any caricature is intended here, it applies only to those who
manifested a comical smallness, a contemptible grasp and penu-
riousness, without the semblance of a worthy impulse to dignify
a studied course of ignoble saving.

Some of our Yankees in blue were busy bees : they earned a
good deal beside their pay. Many of them did not hoard their
incomes: they earned to spend, and were jolly in their superior
resources. An epidemic of bone rings and kindred ornaments
broke out in the regiment; and every moment off duty was
devoted by every mechanical Yankee to hunting, sawing, filing,
polishing, and setting bones. This is but a sample of the multi-
farious methods resorted to by ingenious "minions of Old Abe,"
as they wore away the tedium of rainy seasons, or industriously
filled out the spare hours amid active duties. There were regi-
mental and even company barbers, some of whom never distin-
guished between a razor and a cross-cut saw, until the leisure
of army-life and the emptiness of their pockets prompted to any
reckless venture likely to prove remunerative. A glib tongue
was fifty per cent of a barber's capital. If he was a good story-
teller, and we had one or two who would put Eli Perkins to
shame, he had a great run of custom; and it did seem as
though they got under such a headway of amazing narration
that nothing short of a generation of peace would suffice to
effectually " slow them up."

There were cobblers in camp, when a regiment remained in
one spot long enough ; and a hint of the whole range of profit-
able endeavors is given wjien it is remarked that even the tin-
type artist we could hardly dignify him as a photographer
plied his trade, and some really valuable views were secured.
The cook was often esteemed a sly brother, and it was suspected
that he prudently turned a frequent penny from at least the
grease which he sold. But make a tour down that winding
path to the small brook whose bubbling waters were always
kept lively by several hundred mules corralled above the camp,
and who made it a matter of principle to churn up a hogshead

AN HONEST PENNY. 181

of mud to every gallon of water drank. Away down on the
bushes in rear of the line of ten cook-houses, there you find
alders and brambles that bear greenbacks. He laid in with the
cook, got his soap free, and he washed. The man who was next
laziest to him who wouldn't entertain the laundry idea at all,
was he who wouldn't wash an article of his own clothing
throughout his entire enlistment. And so the washerman
throve. It was remarkable, the rich harvests of those alders
supplemented by a modicum of soap and a sprinkling of thin
mud, called water. Some of these washers had consciences.
They all got a good deal more of Uncle Sam's cash from the
aforesaid bushes than they ever did out of the paymaster's
trunk.

Then, there were carpenters who pocketed an occasional
greenback by repairing, enlarging, or furnishing the officers'
quarters. But, in whatever way it was wrought, the results of
those steady savings are prominent to-day. Many a farm was
freed from a discouraging encumbrance, many a poor man laid
the foundation of what is now a fortune, thousands of homes
found pleasanter furnishing, and in every quarter bright and
inspiring vistas of life were opened up by the frugality and
large aggregate results of the little savings of our Yankee in
blue.

182 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

IV.

THE SHENANDOAH.

The Union soldier who served in the Shenandoah Valley
entered into the choicest romances of the Great Rebellion. If
military duty in the valley involved the most arduous of cam-
paigning, if the fortunes of war hurled both contending armies
into swift and altogether unexpected fluctuations of victory
and defeat, still the singular excitements, the brilliant cavalry
dashes, the surprises, splendid strategies and bewildering ma-
noeuvres, the ambuscades of bushwhackers and the. agile pranks
of Moseby, the wonderful ability displayed in that somewhat
narrow amphitheatre of war, only equalled by the more won-
derful imbecility of several officers, all conspired to wreathe
about the struggles of that sanguinary section more of romance
and of mystery than appertained to any equal area of fighting
territory.

There were no such ponderous movements and thunder-
strokes of battle, nor heroic stubbornness of endurance, as
characterized the campaigning of the Army of the Potomac;
but the fighting was quite as deadly, and the demands upon the
troops no less severe. The best troops of the South, with some
of her most heroic generals, were hurled into the valley : it
was a recognized centre of strategy, and was employed by both
armies as the conspicuous manoeuvring ground of the civil war.
In each year of the struggle, save the final one, the Shenandoah
Valley was of vital consequence as an element in the general
campaign. It was the safest, easiest gateway to the North for
the Rebel armies, and was the granary of the Rebellion, pre-
vious to the fall of 1864.

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x

REBELLION IN THE VALLEY. 183

The Fourteenth has some reason to understand why the
Johnnies' wheat-wagons did not roll toward Richmond after
that time. The Union cause had more traitorous, bungling, and
imbecile commanders in the Valley than in any other portion
of the South ; while one of the national leaders won a series of
triumphs as brilliant as can be ascribed to any captain of our
aee. One town, Winchester, was the scene of eleven different
battles; and there are few acres between the Blue Ridge and
North-Mountain ranges where the plough will not to-day turn up
some relic of those desperate encounters.

The first threatening feint, the first aggressive move, of the
Rebels in Virginia was made in the Valley. So the first impor-
tant advance of Union troops was in the same territory where
Gen. Robert Patterson moved out from Chambersburg on the
7th of June, 1861, with twenty thousand militia. Earlier than
this, in May, the Rebel general, Joseph E. Johnston, held
Harper's Ferry and Maryland Heights. He also threatened a
crossing of the Potomac at Williamsport. June 14 he evacuated
Harper's Ferry, burning the superb railroad bridge and the
government armory, carrying away all the arms and machinery.
He further dismantled the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, and the
Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and then retreated to Winchester.
July 2 Patterson had a tilt with Stonewall Jackson at Falling
Waters, on the Potomac ; and on the 15th of the same month
the former advanced to Bunker Hill, nine miles from Winches-
ter. He was expected and ordered to hold Johnston in the
valley. He had been re-enforced, and commanded twenty-two
thousand men, while Johnston had but twenty thousand. In-
stead of throwing his army between Johnston and the fords of
the Shenandoah, thus intercepting any possible move of the
Rebels toward Manassas, he turned to the left, and on the 17th
marched to Charlestown, twelve miles from Winchester, leaving
Johnston at full liberty. This act of folly, if not of treason,
decided Bull Run for the Rebels.

The judgment that Patterson was a traitor has much to war-
rant it. After Bull Run he retreated to Harper's Ferry, where,
July 25, he was relieved by Gen. N. P. Banks.

184 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

On the 16th of October Gen. Geary, under orders from
Banks, captured Bolivar Heights; and that event ended cam-
paigning in the valley for the year 1861. Early in 1862 Banks
had possession of Bolivar and Loudon Heights, Leesburg,
Charlestown, and Martinsburg. He pushed the Rebels back to
Winchester, Jackson evacuating that place without a struggle.
In March Gen. McClellan ordered Banks to Manassas with his
entire army, save two regiments of cavalry, with which to garri-
son Winchester.

March 23 the Rebel cavalry, under Ashby, attacked Gen.
Shields at Winchester ; the latter being wounded. Stonewall
Jackson brought up his infantry; and at Kernstown, after a smart
fight, the Rebels retreated, followed by Banks, to Harrisonburg.
The Union force was about twelve thousand. In May Gen.
Milroy appears on the scene as a Union commander. He went
so far up the Valley as to threaten Staunton, but retreated
before a re-enforced enemy. Down the Valley rattled a Rebel
force, twenty thousand strong, elated over the repulse of Milroy,
the defeat of Col. Kenly at Front Royal, and the rout of minor
commanders.

The Union end of the see-saw was down just then ; and Jack-
son pitched into Banks at Winchester, who had seven thousand
men available to stem the tide. Of course he was driven pell-
mell out of the Valley. The Rebels were, with good reason,
highly elated over this brilliant series of advantages. Our
troops retreated to Williamsport, via Martinsburg ; and Jackson
menaced Harper's Ferry, occupying Halltown. Then, May 10,
began one of the most brilliant movements of the war, a retreat
by Jackson, conducted in so masterly a manner that he won for
himself a place hardly second to any in the Southern army dur-
ing the war. He was in a perilous position, so far down the
Valley; for Shields, with twenty thousand men, was ordered
back from Fredericksburg, through Manassas Gap, to intercept
him before he could escape up the Valley.

Gen. Fremont, who was west of the main range of the Alle-
ghanies, was ordered to march east into the valley, and cut off
the Rebel force. Both Fremont and Shields reached Strasburg

CAMPAIGN OF 1862. 185

just three hours after Jackson had left the town, escaping south-
ward. Shields pursued east of the mountains, hoping to head
him off; while Fremont chased him up the Valley. Jackson was
so hard pressed that he had to fight almost constantly, yet he
kept his army intact. He fought Fremont at Cross Keys, and
Shields at Port Republic, both sides contending desperately ;
but Jackson got away with most of his army, and soon went to
Richmond. Ashby, the best outpost cavalry leader in either
army, was killed in one of these encounters. Fremont and
Shields both returned under orders. The campaign of 18G2 was,
however, not over in the Valley.

Early in September, before the battle of Antietam, Lee had
his whole army in Maryland, and threatened Harper's Ferry.
Jackson was appointed to this task. McClellan might have
saved Harper's Ferry, but was not quick enough. Jackson
crossed the Potomac into Virginia at Williamsport, and struck
at Miles with twelve thousand men, who defended Harper's
Ferry from Bolivar Heights. September 15 Gen. Miles, having,
by the most utter incapacity or arrant treason, allowed himself
to be surrounded, raised the white flag, and surrendered his
whole force ; the only redeeming feature of the operation being
his own mortal wound, inflicted after he had raised his disgrace-
ful flag.

After Antietam, Lee, with the Army of Northern Virginia,
occupied the Valley until well into November; the Union forces
having recaptured Harper's Ferry September 22, the very day
on which most of the Fourteenth were being mustered into the
United-States service.

Thus ended, in shame and disaster, the second year's cam-
paign in the Valley of the Shenandoah. It has been previously
stated that Lee's army entered the Valley in June, 1863, on its
way to invade the North. Gen. R. H. Milroy was in command
of the Union forces in the valley, holding Winchester under
Gen. Schenck as department commander. He had ten thousand
men. He remained at Winchester so long that the Rebels were
upon him in overwhelming force before he had taken any effect-
ive measures for securing a retreat. June 15 he decided to run,

186 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

but it was too late. He was completely out-generalled, and cut
off from both Martinsburg and Harper's Ferry. His army was
annihilated, thousands of prisoners taken ; the remainder escap-
ing into Maryland, and some of them not stopping in their re-
treat until they got away into Pennsylvania. The enemy did
not at this time occupy Harper's Ferry.

After Gettysburg, Lee's army retreated up the Valley, Meade
failing in his purpose of fighting a battle in Manassas Gap ; and
Lee again struck the Rappahannock through a more southerly
pass.

The campaigning of 1864 in the Valley began May 1. Ulysses
S. Grant was made lieutenant-general of the army March 2.
He soon after took personal command of the Army of the Poto-
mac, and soon re-organized it with a fighting strength of over
a hundred thousand. May 4 that army crossed the Rapidan,
and entered upon its renowned Wilderness campaign. And the
Shenandoah Valley was reckoned an important factor in the
new strategy.

Grant laid out a comprehensive plan ; and in that plan was a
move of Sigel up the Valley, and of Crook up the Kanawha,
with the intent of striking the Rebels at Staunton and Lynch-
burg. Sigel moved up the Valley on the 1st, with ten thou-
sand men and, on the 15th met Breckinridge at Newmarket, a
point which the Fourteenth will recall as the scene of artillery
practice on the Johnnies the afternoon after Fisher's Hill.

It was the old story. Our men were badly handled ; and
Breckinridge, with an equal force, sent Sigel flying down the
Valley, as every Union commander had previously gone. Sigel
retired to Cedar Creek, and the Rebels were too much occupied
with Crook to follow.

Sigel was at once superseded by Hunter, who was strength-
ened. He won a clean victory at Piedmont, near Staunton,
June 8. His force was then increased to twenty thousand, the
largest Valley army since 1861. But he attempted too much.
He was a brave man, but not great enough for the peculiar
strategy of the Shenandoah. He besieged Lynchburg the 18th.
Lee sent an overwhelming force to repel him ; and, with stores

THE VALLEY IN 1863. 187

run low and a hungry army, he was in a pitiable plight. He
saved his army, but in doing so retreated westward into West
Virginia, leaving the Valley entirely exposed.

And now steps into the arena the knight of apple-jack and
the hero of Fisher's Hill, Jubal Early, who was an able offi-
cer when sober. He made a characteristic Rebel dash down
the Valley, covering his infantry with clouds of cavalry, like
the Pandours in the Silesian campaigns against Frederick
the Great. He so skilfully masked his movements and force,
that the whole North became frightened ; although he had no
more than twenty thousand infantry.

July 3 Early was on the Potomac, creating a general panic.
Sigel fled to Maryland Heights. Early raided away up to the
Pennsylvania line. A Union force was gathered to repel the
invasion. July 9 the Rebels were at Frederick, and the Union
army on the left bank of the Monocacy to cover Washington.
It was a gallant fight; but Gen. Wallace was over-matched,
and fell back. Early now, July 12, menaced both Washington
and Baltimore ; and this explains the sudden transfer of the
Nineteenth Corps to Washington and the Shenandoah. The
Nineteenth Corps had mostly reached Fortress Monroe, and
Grant ordered that and the Sixth at once to Washington.

Early retreated across the Potomac at Edward's Ferry, with
six thousand fresh horses and five thousand cattle. Wright
followed as far as Leesburg. Grant was informed that Early
was retreating to Richmond, and he determined to strike at
Richmond from Petersburg before Early could reach there with
his re-enforcements. In furtherance of this plan, the Sixth and
Nineteenth Corps were ordered back to the Army of the Poto-
mac.

This explains the rapid moves of the right wing during its
brief service in the Army of the Potomac. But Grant had been
misinformed : Early was not going southward, but turned, and
defeated Crook at Winchester, July 21, driving him routed back
to Martinsburg. Averill had previously, on the 20th, fought a
battle at Winchester, finally ousting the Rebels.

The defeat of Crook explains the sudden return of the Sixth

188 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

and Nineteenth Corps to Maryland and the Valley ; it explains
the sudden embarkation of the right wing from Bermuda*
Hundred ; it explains why the left wing, when it arrived at
Fortress Monroe, from Louisiana, was ordered directly to Wash-
ington.

We have briefly recounted the long and wretched series of
failures, blunders, and treasons enacted in the Shenandoah.
Space has been given to this resume, because it is absolutely
essential to a correct appreciation of Sheridan's masterly cam-
paign and his magnificent successes. August 2 Grant sent
Sheridan to Washington to straighten the distractions on the
Potomac and in the Valley. A new, unprecedented, and heroic
era was dawning upon that region.

The first gleam of the coming day, whose golden hours were
to mark no disaster, was already shooting athwart the Blue
Ridge, gilding the signal heights of Massanutten ; and, arching
that fatal valley, as a bow of promise, it rested on the North-
Mountain ranges, the western wall of the Shenandoah.

So much was Gen. Grant concerned for the success of the
new regime, that on the 4th of August he visited Harper's
Ferry. The order, appointing Sheridan commander of the new
Middle Department, appeared on the 7th ; and he at once as-
sumed direction of affairs.

Sheridan's entire force amounted to nearly thirty thousand,
while Early had twenty thousand. The disparity of strength
between the two armies was more apparent than real ; for the
Rebels were at home, many of them fighting on their own
farms ; they were among friends ; were familiar with every
cross-road ; they were effectively abetted by the Rebel inhabit-
ants, and by bodies of men who were lively bushwhackers at
night and demure non-combatants by day.

Early, in his advantages, was a full match for Sheridan.
The Rebels were brave men and hard fighters ; but Early had
to learn that no such commander as Phil Sheridan had ever led
a Union host up that rarest valley of the sunny South. What
his men were, their record tells.

The following pages will show that a decisive, onward move-

LOOKOUT NEAR HARPER'S FERRY.

SHERIDAN'S CAMPAIGN. 189

ment was not at once pressed by Sheridan. That was not his
fault. So bitter had been the previous experience, that Grant
was cautious, wisely so, and waited for the ripe occasion.
His command then September 16 was in the words, "Go
in ! " and every Fourteenth boy knows how Sheridan went in
and how the Johnnies went out.

THE LEFT WING.

July 30 the left wing of the Fourteenth, camped near Chain
Bridge, received orders to move, and just before dark started
for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Station in Washington.
Transportation not being ready, the battalion slept on the
pavement.

At daybreak next morning the cars were ready ; and at eight
o'clock the train left for Monocacy Junction, the wagon-train
proceeding via Rockville on the Frederick Pike. Lieut. Blan-
chard left the battalion, sick. That afternoon Monocacy was
reached ; and shelter-tents were pitched in an open field near
the river, in one of the loveliest bits of riparian scenery to be
found in the South.

August 1 other detachments of the Nineteenth Corps arrived,
and, until the whole corps could be brought together, were
temporarily organized under acting Brigadier-Gen. Macaulay.
At that time apples and peaches were abundant, the inhabitants
generously supplying the troops with large quantities.

At five P.M. of the 4th, the left wing on two trains started for
Harper's Ferry. The cars were crowded within and on top.
The train was run at a fearful speed, provoking the remark
that the boys were as safe on the " Daniel Webster," off Cape
Hatteras in a gale, as swaying along in such a rickety train at
forty-five miles an hour. Some of the men steadied themselves
by thrusting their bayonets through the roofs of the cars. At
nine o'clock in the evening, Harper's Ferry was reached ; the
train not being able to run over the bridge, as the Rebels had
again destined it. The battalion marched up on the Mary-
land side of the Potomac, and crossed just above the govern-
ment buildings on a pontoon bridge.

190 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

The Fourteenth had begun its campaign in the Valley.
Marching through the town, the battalion bivouacked on the
heights near the cemetery, just within a line of breastworks.
In the confusion and darkness Company F, Lieut. Hadley com-
manding, became separated from the other three, and remained
with an Iowa regiment.

The next morning, August 5, the last company found its
place; and the battalion awaited orders all day, expecting to
move every moment. At two o'clock A.M. on the 6th, the
troops were roused ; and at four o'clock, in a heavy rain, the
army advanced to Halltown, four miles, and 'occupied a strong
position on a high ridge parallel with the pike, the same occu-
pied by the whole of the Fourteenth two weeks later. There
the army was greatly augmented ; other portions of the Sixth,
Eighth, and Nineteenth Corps arriving, with a considerable
force of cavalry.

At this point it will not be amiss to glance at the Nineteenth
Army Corps, and notice its record, a record which the Four-
teenth was thenceforth to assist in making still more resplen-
dent. The corps was organized in the South-west, and had
served there in arduous and hard-fought campaigns. Comment-
ing upon the Red-river campaign, the following is the testi-
mony of one of the greatest historians of the war, concerning
one of the divisions of this corps : " Emory's division had saved
our army, and probably our fleet also." " The Chicago Tribune "
contained the following : " In our retreat, as we emerged into a
more open piece of woods, we came upon Emory's division of
the Nineteenth Corps, forming, in magnificent order, in line of
battle across the road. Each regiment of this fine division
quietly awaited the approach of the Rebels. On they came,
screaming, and firing in good order and with closed ranks. All
at once, from that firm line of gallant soldiers, standing so
bravely between us and our exultant pursuers, there came forth
a course of reverberating thunder that rolled from flank to
flank in one continuous roll, sweeping the Rebel ranks away in
dismay. In vain the Rebels strove to rally from this terrible
fire. They fell back most terribly punished."

CHASING EARLY. 191

The Nineteenth Corps was folly up to the fighting and dis-
ciplinary level of the splendid Sixth Corps, inured to the tre-
mendous campaigning of the Army of the Potomac. Such
was the fighting material which " Little Phil " wielded in the
Shenandoah Valley. The cavalry which joined the army at
Halltown were Torbert's and Wilson's divisions from the Army
of the Potomac. The stop at Halltown was of great advantage
to the army ; as the men were fed up, washed up, cheered up,
and generally inspirited to an excellent fighting trim. During
the night of the 9th a full supply of clothing was issued to the
army.

The left wing was temporarily brigaded under Col. Moli-
neaux.

At five a.m. August 10, the army advanced. That first day
was a reminder of what might be expected under a general who
" pushed things." The weather was so intensely hot, and the
marching was so rapid, that the men dropped out exhausted
by scores. The Nineteenth-Corps column marched directly
through Charlestown. A description of this event will be found
under the titles "Music in the Army" and "After Twenty
Years." The army camped that night near Berryville, having
marched sixteen miles. The enemy was reported near at hand.

August 11 reveille sounded at four a.m., and a little after five
the army was in motion. Marched to Berryville, formed line of
battle, threw out skirmishers; and in this uncomfortable manner
of marching traversed three miles of woods, underbrush, and
broken country ; then moved by the right flank in battalion
columns so as at a moment's notice to swing into line of battle.
The enemy never would catch Sheridan napping. Another day
of intense heat. The writer marched until he reeled into the
ditch, and lay there for an hour unable to move. There was
always a punishment for all falling out of line, the army
moved right on, and the regiment must be overtaken before
supper or bed could be enjoyed. On several occasions the last
of the stragglers came in at eleven and twelve o'clock at night.
Orders were given to rest the men ten minutes out of each hour,
and this merciful precaution reduced the number of stragglers.

192 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

A provost- guard followed in rear of the army, and drove on all
who fell out, putting the sick into ambulances. There was
something suspicious about many of the cases of sickness. At
any rate, the ambulances were pretty well loaded. The infantry
marched on either side of the pike, leaving that for the artillery
and wagon-trains. Fourteen miles were covered that day.

On the 12th the chase of Early was pressed with still greater
vigor; and the sufferings of the men exceeded previous experi-
ence, yet they kept in good spirits. The division containing
the left wing was in the advance, pressing the enemy.

From Berryville the army did not turn west, toward Win-
chester, as it did more than a month later, but moved straight
on south toward Cedar Creek and Strasburg, leaving Winches-
ter away to the right. It was not Gen. Sheridan's intention to
.move any farther south than Berryville before encountering
the enemy. His plan was, to follow the Winchester pike west
from Berryville, and force a battle at Winchester. But the wily
Rebel would not stand ; Merritt's cavalry, fighting up to Kerns-
town, discovering the whole force of the enemy in full retreat
up the Valley. Hence the advance to Cedar Creek direct from
Berryville.

On the night of the 12th the left wing camped very nearly
where it did later, in October, on the Cedar-Creek battle-field.
Indeed, the whole army occupied nearly the identical position ;
Crook being on the left of the pike, the Nineteenth Corps to
the right, and the Sixth Corps still farther to the right, across
Meadow Run. During the previous days there had been more
or less fighting, and the infantry frequently kept step to distant
cannonading ; but at Cedar Creek the army came to a forced stop.
Across the creek was the enemy, and the cavalry could not dis-
lodge them. Picket-firing grew sharp and extended, and there
were signs of a general engagement. At nine o'clock that night
the entire left wing was ordered on picket, being posted across
Meadow Run, and down to the banks of Cedar Creek. On the
evening of the 13th, the battalion was relieved, and returned to
its camp. The day had been quiet. On the mornings of the
14th and 15th the army was roused, and stood at arms from

A DANGEROUS TRAP. 193

four o'clock to six, in order to prevent an anticipated sur-
prise.

A portion of the army, on the 15th, made a reconnoissance
toward Fisher's Hill, with some smart fighting. In that portion
of the army to the rear of us near Middletown a Rebel spy
was hung.

Grover's second division of the Nineteenth Corps, including
our own right wing, had not yet arrived from Washington; and
Sheridan's strength at this time was but eighteen thousand
infantry and thirty-five hundred cavalry. Early was camped on
Fisher's Hill, his right on the Shenandoah, his left on the Little
North Mountain. The Massanutten Range begins at Cedar
Creek, and divides the Shenandoah into two valleys ; the east-
erly one being the Luray, famous in all these campaigns, and
now famous for its caverns.

Here was a dangerous trap for Sheridan ; for, if he pursued
Early up the Valley farther, another Rebel force, coming down
the Luray Valley over the Front-Royal pike, would get in his
rear, and cut him off, leaving him between two armies. This is
precisely what the Rebels attempted with the Union army
north of the creek; and it was information of this, and orders
from Gen. Grant to act only on the defensive until re-enforced,
that caused such a rapid and mysterious retreat down the Val-
ley to Halltown. Some of the men growled at being rushed
up the Valley only to be rushed down again ; but they had not
got acquainted with Sheridan, nor were they great strategists.
It was not the only occasion, when, if they had known more,
they would have said less. On the 13th our cavalry recon-
noitred beyond Cedar Creek to Strasburg. On the morning
of the 14th, Sheridan sent a brigade of cavalry to Front Royal to
settle the rumors of a Rebel re-enforcement through the Luray
Valley. At the same time the Sixth Corps crossed Cedar Creek,
and occupied the heights above Strasburg.

That very day Grant, who was watching the valley carefully,
got a despatch through by courier to Sheridan, informing him
that two divisions of infantry, some cavalry, and twenty pieces
of artillery, had left Richmond to re-enforce Early. Sheridan

194 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

thus gives his conclusions : " I at once looked over the map of
the valley for a defensive line ; that is, where a smaller number
of troops could hold a greater number : and I could see but one
such ; I refer to that at Halltown, in front of Harper's Ferry.
Subsequent experience has convinced me that no other really
defensive line exists in the Shenandoah Valley. I therefore
determined to move back to Halltown, carry out my instruc-
tions to destroy forage and subsistence, and increase my strength
by Grover's division of the Nineteenth Corps and Wilson's divis-
ion of cavalry, both of which were marching to join me via
Snicker's Gap."

The enemy enjoyed one advantage which caused the Union
commander a good deal of annoyance. On the north summit
of Massanutten, Early established a signal station, and looked
right down upon every Union move. Sheridan sent a small
force and captured the post, destroying the station. Early
retaliated by pushing up a larger force, retaking the heights,
and re-establishing his provoking signalling.

At eleven o'clock on the night of August 15 the left wing began
the retrogressive movement. It was generally understood that
a retreat was meant. There was danger enough surrounding
the army to spice the occasion, and lift the column out of the
monotony of a weary march. None of the Fourteenth present
will ever forget the wild picturesqueness of that midnight re-
treat. It was a dismal night, with the rain falling heavily.
The camp-fires were ordered to be replenished and to be left
burning brightly. They cast strange shadows of an army steal-
ing away from its position in front of a vigilant foe.

The left wing pressed on in rapid march until daylight, many
of the men sleeping considerably while keeping their places in
line. At six a.m. the column filed into an open field just out-
side of Winchester, line was formed, arms stacked ; and the men
dropped like stones, sleeping all the forenoon, with no protec-
tion from the morning sun. That day, the 16th, Sheridan
moved his headquarters back to Winchester.

On the morning of the 17th the whole army was in motion
toward Berryville and Clifton, the latter position being occu-

G ROVER'S DIVISION. 195

pied by the Sixth and Eighth Corps. On the afternoon of that
day the Union cavalry fell back to Winchester. That morning
Early had been apprised by his signal officer of the retreat of
Sheridan, and at once began a headlong pursuit. The Rebels
got into Winchester at sundown, driving out our cavalry, and
one brigade of the Sixth Corps. The same evening Early was
re-enforced by Kershaw's division and two brigades of Fitz Lee's
cavalry. This was the force of whose approach Grant had
notified Sheridan.

On the morning of the 18th Grower's division joined the
army, although the two wings of the Fourteenth were not re-
united until the next day. This morning the corps marched
until nine A.M., then halted until four p.m., when the march
was resumed, the army bivouacking at dark about two miles
south of Charlestown.

THE RIGHT WING.

As related in Part III., the right wing of the Fourteenth had
joined the Army of the Potomac. The reasons for the with-
drawal of the entire Nineteenth Corps from that army have also
been given. The following continues the record of the right
wing until its union with the other battalion and with Sheri-
dan's army.

At daylight on the 31st of July, the brigade marched to Ber-
muda Hundred, and embarked for Washington on the steamer
"S. R. Spaulding," which sailed at noon with the brigade head-
quarters, Fourteenth New Hampshire, and Twelfth Me. on
board, and arrived at Washington at noon, August 1. At five
P.m. the brigade was ordered to disembark, and proceed to Fred-
erick by rail.

After a night spent in embarking, the troops were ordered in
the morning (August 2) to disembark, and proceed to Tennally-
town, seven miles from the Capitol, where they arrived in the
evening of the same day, and went into camp.

They remained here until the morning of the 14th, when
they marched for Snicker's Gap. Twelve miles from Tennally-

196 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

town a halt was made about noon ; and the march was resumed
the following morning, Broad Run being reached a little before
noon. The troops bore the march well, and remained in good
condition, arriving at Leesburg the 16th, after a ten-hours'
march.

The next day they went into camp near the mountains, but
had remained but a few hours when orders were received to
proceed to Berryville ; and in little more than half an hour
the men were again on the march, crossing the Blue Ridge at
Snicker's Gap.

The Shenandoah was forded early in the evening ; and the
weary troops reached Berryville at midnight, only to march
again at five o'clock in the morning, joining the Nineteenth
Corps just outside the town. The army was then falling back
on Harper's Ferry. After a few hours' halt during the middle
of the day, the march was resumed ; and at 9.30 p.m. the brigade
took up its position about two miles from Charlestown, the
Sixth Corps on the right, and the Eighth Corps on the left, of
the brigade.

Gen. Birge and staff, with some others, slept that night on
fence-rails, with no blankets, and without having any supper.
During the night of the 18th, Grover's division reached its
position in line ; and on the morning of the 19th the two wings
were re-united, after having been separated for more than five
weeks. The right wing had depleted its companies during that
time more than the left.

Here occurred a difficulty quite common in many regiments,
but rare in the Fourteenth ; i.e., a difficulty between two com-
panies. There had always existed considerable not ill-natured
jealousy, throughout the regiment, of one or two companies,
which were supposed to be more favored than the others.
Perhaps some were ahead of others in the matters of privilege
and promotion ; and,. if so, it would be an unprofitable task to
discuss the reasons or pretexts for such discrimination. It may
occur to an outsider, that possibly some companies were better
than others. But the episode here considered cannot be re-
ferred to any jealousy. There was some " pure cussedness "

A SLIGHT SCRIMMAGE. 197

somewhere ; and, in an organization not so thoroughly amenable
to discipline as the Fourteenth, the consequences might have
been serious. The trouble was between F and K. One com-
pany accused the other of stealing its rails, boards, etc. It is
rather late in the day to inquire which was the accuser and
which the accused. Those rails and boards were stolen in the
first place, and it was a question of who did the second stealing.
The aggrieved party clung to the legal maxim of " honor among
thieves," and company spirit ran high. F was arrayed against
K ; and those who knew least of the origin of the trouble, were
most furious in denunciation of the other company. They
were ready to go in and have a row of some dimensions. The
six subsequent weeks of campaigning took pretty much all of
this subsidiary fighting vim out of those eager spirits. The row
waxed to that dignity where the major that was just before
the right wing arrived ordered the officers to settle it.
When Major Gardiner gave an emphatic order, it was always
found convenient to obey it. There was some backing down ;
and some rails changed hands again, though they were fearfully
shrunken a la Old Claggetts.

August 20 the Fourteenth lay quiet, receiving a big mail
from home.

On the morning of the 21st it advanced a little toward the
enemy, to straighten the general line, and was busy all day in
throwing up a respectable earth-line of defences. Early had,
on the 19th, extended his left to Bunker Hill ; and on the 21st
he threw forward his left to Summit Point, his right resting on
Winchester. His line of battle ran north and south, facing-
east. The Union line faced west, commanding the fords of the
Opequan ; the line running from the Smithfield pike through
Clifton, and crossing the Berryville pike.

On the 21st Early attempted to get into the rear of Sheri-
dan's right by moving a force rapidly through Smithfield, but
he failed. All day there was heavy skirmishing, Early press-
ing Sheridan's right considerably. Early says that he " made a
general movement toward Harper's Ferry," and he only waited
for re-enforcements from his centre to make a general attack.

198 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

When he got his re-enforcements, there was nothing to attack;
for at eleven p.m. the Union army suddenly fell back, and,
marching nearly all night, took position on the ridges at Hall-
town. Early makes the ridiculous statement that " Sheridan
had taken a strong position under the protection of the heavy
guns on Maryland Heights." The Union troops never dreamed
of such distant protection. Sheridan did have a line extending
across the Valley from the Potomac to the Shenandoah, and
Early dared not press upon it.

For the next few days there were several reconnoissances by
both sides, and frequent skirmishing between the armies, which
really amounted to battles.

On the 25th occurred an engagement which was a mutual
surprise. And in this event the wonderful mastery of the
science of war by Sheridan is apparent. A less able commander
would have been outwitted. Sheridan was constantly feeling
of the enemy, and on the 25th sent out a heavy cavalry recon-
noissance. This body met a strong force of Rebel infantry and
cavalry marching toward Williamsport. Early had weakened
his main line, to send off this raiding party. Sheridan after-
ward believed that the Rebel leader was up to his old trick of
crossing into Maryland and creating another panic. Early
explains it by saying, " I intended to move to Williamsport, as
if to cross into Maryland, in order to keep up the fear of an
invasion of Pennsylvania." At any rate, when the Yankee
cavalry met his secretly planned expedition in a smart battle, he
thought the whole manoeuvre had been discovered, and that
Sheridan would pounce upon his weakened line ; so he raced his
infantry back into line again. His movement so isolated Cus-
ter's brigade of cavalry from the remainder of the Union recon-
noissance, that he had to go away round through Williamsport
and Harper's Ferry before he could join the army again.

On the 26th there was heavy skirmishing well up to our lines;
and the Fourteenth boys will remember the fine spectacle which
they beheld beneath them, in the fields where the long and per-
sistent lines of smoke-puffs showed the range of the contest.
We now come to the entering wedge which finally split the

EARLY RETREATING. 199

Rebel phalanx in the Valley, and utterly disintegrated treason
between the Blue Ridge and the North Mountains. Early was
getting an idea into his head entirely new to him. lie was
finding his match and more. He was getting anxious, and
that anxiety was a speedy leaven.

Durinsr the night of the 26th he showed his heels to the
" Yanks," and retreated to his line covering Winchester, his
left at Bunker Hill, with a cavalry force at Stephenson's Depot,
away in front of his left.

On the 28th the whole Union army advanced to Charlestown ;
while the cavalry attacked the advanced post above mentioned,
and drove it back.

On the 29th Averill, with his cavalry, moved from Williams-
port to Martinsburg ; but, as this was a smart menace of the
enemy's left, they drove him back again across the Potomac.

The next day there was a hard battle on our right, at Smith-
field Bridge, where the Rebel cavalry drove the Union troops
smartly until Sheridan re-enforced them, when the Johnnies
took a much stiffer dose of their own physic.

The camp or bivouac these terms are not used with dis-
tinctive accuracy of the Fourteenth at Charlestown was de-
lightfully located in an undulating field covered by a fine piece of
timber. An immense spring of excellent water near by rendered
the spot an admirable one for its use. Here another phase of
the beautiful " Garden of the South " was seen and enjoyed.
The men were well recovered from the fearful strain of the first
marching in this lively campaign. When the army first ad-
vanced up the Valley, it suffered beyond description. Day after
day scores of men in the Fourteenth were roused for the day's
march when it was agony for them to stand upon their feet.
Blisters puffed out from the bottoms of their feet, covering half
the treading surface. Every step for the first hour was torture ;
and then, getting "limbered up" and inured to the pain, they
cheerfully jogged on, to repeat the experience on the next
morninsf. The writer has some reason to know that this is no
exaggeration. The prudent sufferers washed their feet every
night, never in the morning, and, before starting each day,

200 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

soaped the inside of their socks thoroughly. Then, if they were
tolerably well shod, sore feet could be cured while marching
every day.

From the 1st to the 3d of September there was a lull in
manoeuvring and fighting.

On the 3d Averill made a determined push eastward from
Martinsburg, defeating the Rebel cavalry, and capturing valua-
ble property. In concert with this, the infantry moved on and
occupied the position stretching from Clifton to Berry ville ;
the Sixth Corps going by Summit Point, the Nineteenth by the
Berryville pike. Crook was on the left, beyond Berryville.

It was at twilight on the evening of the 3d that the Four-
teenth filed to the right from the pike, having marched from
Charlestown, and, after proceeding for half a mile through
wooded and open country, camped on the ridge, where it re-
mained for more than a fortnight. The boys will remember the
hour's halt on the pike before the column turned aside for camp-
ing, and will, perhaps, much more readily recall the hour's firing
just in front while the line was moving from the pike to the
camp. It was thought that the Fourteenth was getting into a
very warm place. This is the explanation of that engagement,
which was liveliest just after dark. Torbert, with his cavalry,
had been ordered to White Post away beyond our left and
toward the enemy early in the day; and it was one of Early's
bright ideas to cut him off. Coming across the Opequan, Ker-
shaw's division aimed for him, but had not calculated on being
opposed by infantry. But Sheridan was not up there for child's
play, and it so happened that Crook was right there ; and Ker-
shaw found it out just about dark; and a good deal after dark
the situation was so illuminated by Crook's charges that Kershaw
was able to take those of his men who were not killed, at a
lively gait back to the Opequan. In that blood the camp near
Berryville was christened. A good view of this camp is given.

Both armies remained in about the same position until the
famous 19th.

At this time there was very little difference in the strength
of the opposing forces.

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DELAY AT BERRYVILLE. 201

Sheridan thus explains his delay at Berryville: "As I had
learned beyond doubt, from my scouts, that Kershaw's division,
which consisted of four brigades, was to be ordered back to
Richmond, I had for two weeks patiently awaited its withdrawal
before attacking, believing the condition of affairs throughout
the country required great prudence on my part, that a defeat
of the forces of my command could be ill afforded, and knowing
that no interests in the Valley, save those of the Baltimore and
Ohio Railroad, were suffering by the delay. In this view I was
coinciding with the lieutenant-general commanding."

Early states that Lee had asked the return of Kershaw's divis-
ion ; and what Sheridan denominates an attempt to cut off
Torbert at White Post above described Early says was the
attempt of Kershaw to return to Lee through the Blue-Ridge
passes. He then recounts his discovery of the long line of
Sheridan ; his inability to flank it ; also Sheridan's strong posi-
tion, which he was fortifying ; and the hazard of an attack in
front. These considerations induced him to draw back his
army around Winchester, and retain Kershaw, hoping that
Sheridan would move out of his strong position and attack him.
If history is true, he was amply gratified when the spirit moved
"Little Phil." From this time to the 19th, Sheridan kept his
cavalry busy, constantly harassing the enemy at all points ;
and, as he says, his " cavalry Was becoming educated to attack
infantry lines."

On the 13th the Union forces, both of cavalry and infantry,
made heavy reconnoissances ; the former achieving a brilliant
success at Abraham's Creek, the spot soon after marched over
by the Fourteenth. Early's naive description of the affair is so
funny that we give it : "A very sharp artillery duel across the
creek then took place ; and some of my infantry crossed over,
when the enemy retired." Yes, Gen. Early, some of your in-
fantry did cross over; but you forget to mention that a large
"some" of them did not go back again until they were ex-
changed. It is true, as Early says, that "the enemy retired : "
but his memory is again defective ; for he does not record, that,
when it " retired," the enemy took with it the Eighth S. C. In-

202 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

fantry, entire, as prisoners of war. The pleasantest thing Early
can do, is to forget as much as possible. On the same day as
the above, Getty's division of the Sixth Corps pressed up to the
Opequan, six miles from the Union lines, developing a
heavy Rebel force at the fords. About this time the first brigade
of Grover's division, including the Fourteenth, made a recon-
noissance in front of its position, Col. Wilson commanding, and
the regiment was then, for the first time, actually under musketry
fire. The men hardly enjoyed the absurd pastime of attempting
to dodge the bullets. On the 13th the men began to stand at
arms from four o'clock until daylight, a surprise being feared.

On the 17th a large number of recruits arrived, most of them
being excellent men, fully up to the standard of the original
material. The events soon following were a trying ordeal for
them, several of them having hardly learned the facings in line
before the first great battle laid them in soldiers' graves.

It may be well here to state that the first brigade, second
division, Nineteenth Corps, was constituted as follows, from
right to left : Ninth Conn., Fourteenth New Hampshire, Twen-
ty-sixth Mass., Fourteenth Me., Twelfth Me., and Seventy-fifth
N. Y.

Just before the battle of Winchester, the position of the
Rebel forces was as follows : Ramseur's division and Nelson's
battalion of artillery were on the road from Berryville to Win-
chester, one mile from the latter place. Rodes's, Gordon's, and
Wharton's divisions (the last two being under Breckinridge),
and Braxton's and King's battalions of artillery, were at Stephen-
son's depot on the Winchester and Potomac Railroad, which is
six miles from Winchester. Lomax's cavalry were picketed in
Early's front on the Opequan, and on his left from that stream
to North Mountain ; while Fitz Lee's cavalry watched the right,
having small pickets across to the Shenandoah. Berryville
is ten miles from Winchester, nearly east, and Martinsburg
twenty-two miles, nearly north. The crossing of the Opequan
on the Berryville road is four or five miles from Winchester.
From Berryville there are two good roads to Front Royal, via
Millwood and White Post : and from Millwood there is a mac-

THE IMPENDING CONTEST. 203

adamized road to Winchester, and also good roads via White
Post to the valley pike at Newtown and Middletown, the last
two roads running east of the Opequan. The whole country is
very open, being a limestone country, which is thickly settled
and well cleared, and affords great facilities for the movement
of troops and the operations of cavalry.

Early affirms that his reason for holding that position was to
" keep the enemy from using the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
and the canal, and to keep as large a force as possible away
from Grant." If Early could have fought as well as he disfig-
ured the truth and drank apple-jack, the Rebellion might have
succeeded in the Valley. The following remarkable opinion
of Jubal Early, in which he refers to the month just preceding
the battle of the Opequan, will probably amuse the Fourteenth
boys as much as any passage between these covers.

" The events of the last month had satisfied me that the
commander opposed to me was without enterprise, and pos-
sessed an excessive caution which amounted to timidity. If it
was his policy to produce the impression that his force was too
weak to fight me, he did not succeed ; but if it was to convince
me that he was not an able or energetic commander, his strategy
was a complete success, and subsequent events have not changed
my opinion."

His countenance must have worn a broad grin, when he fig-
ured up the opposing forces, as they confronted each other Sep-
tember 18, as follows: Sheridan, thirty-five thousand infantry,
ten thousand cavalry, total forty-five thousand ; Early, eighty-
five hundred infantry, twenty-nine hundred cavalry, total eleven
thousand four hundred. Sheridan has exposed the slight inac-
curacy of these figures by showing that he took more than
twice as many prisoners as Early admits having in his entire
army. The fact is, as previously stated, that the two armies
were about equal, with Early enjoying several obvious and
important advantages.

204 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

BATTLE OF THE OPEQUAN.

Sheridan had. determined not to manoeuvre Early up the
Valley, but to fight him out of it, to break the Rebel power
once and for all in the " Granary of the Confederacy." But he
did not intend to fight the battle of the Opequan (or, as it is
popularly termed, the battle of Winchester) until the action
was begun in the early morning. Having learned, on the 15th,
that Kershaw, with two divisions, was moving through Win-
chester to Front Royal, Sheridan determined to fight at New-
town : that is, he proposed to abandon his own line entirely,
move round by the left flank between Newtown and Winches-
ter, stretch his army across the Valley, and so cut off Early's
retreat up the Valley, and compel him to fight for life. The
same day Gen. Grant visited Sheridan, and commended the
plan. The orders were all issued for the move, the Fourteenth
receiving notice Saturday night to break camp the next morn-
ing. This order was carried out ; and the men were somewhat
surprised at having to occupy the dismantled camp through the
whole of Sunday and Sunday night. This is the explanation :
On the afternoon of that Sunday, the 18th, Averill informed
Sheridan that Early had moved two divisions to Martinsburg.
Sheridan at once altered his plan, determining to strike the
two divisions remaining at Stephenson's depot, and then attack
the force which had moved to Martinsburg. For this purpose
the army moved across the Opequan on the morning of the
19th of September.

At one o'clock that morning the Fourteenth was aroused,
cooked its coffee hurriedly, and at two o'clock was on the
march. The column moved across the fields, and struck the
Winchester pike just beyond Berryville, the infantry marching
each side, while the wagon-trains kept the pike. The column
in which the first brigade marched kept to the right of the
pike. Just before reaching the ford of the Opequan, the Nine-
teenth Corps was unfortunately delayed for about two hours.
The blame has never been fixed to everybody's satisfaction.
Certain it is that the wagons of the Sixth Corps blocked up

UNACCOUNTABLE DELAY. 205

the way and prevented the Nineteenth Corps from closing up
promptly to the rear of the Sixth. It is equally certain that
those wagons ought to have been parked out of the way ; yet it
is not possible to say precisely why they were not. This and
another circumstance favored Early, precipitated a battle on
ground which Sheridan did not select until after daylight, and
iii many ways affected the progress of the campaign. Sheridan
was apprised, early in the morning, that he had got to fight the
entire Rebel army between the. Opequan Creek and Winchester.

Early did move two divisions to Martinsburg on the 18th ;
and while there, through a traitor or a spy, he learned from the
telegraph-office, which Sheridan had open there, that Grant
was with the Union army. This put him on his guard ; and
the two divisions were marched back as far as Bunker Hill,
being within call on the 19th. The delay of the Nineteenth
Corps enabled Early to mass his force. In conjunction with
the infantry movement on our right, Torbert and Merritt ad-
vanced their cavalry from Summit Point toward Stephenson's
depot. Farther to the right Averill was swinging round, and
moving on the Martinsburg pike toward Bunker Hill and Win-
chester, to operate, when the time came, on the Rebel left flank.
Away to the left of Abraham's Creek, Wilson was moving his
cavalry to get around the Rebel right so as to cut off his line
of retreat. At this point the aim of the Union cavalry was
frustrated all day by Lomax's cavalry.

About 7 o'clock the ford of the Opequan was reached (see
illustration) ; and soon after Abraham's Creek was crossed, and
the Nineteenth Corps hurried through the gorge which was the
key to the Union position. Before the defile, which was well
covered with thick undergrowth, was passed, a sight confronted
the troops which peculiarly affected the Fourteenth, as it was en-
tirely novel to a regiment unused to fighting. The shaded grass
for some distance flanking the pike was covered with wounded
men, the results of the cavalry fight of the early morning.
A field hospital had been established, and the surgeon's knife
was in full play. The faces of the Fourteenth boys grew pale,
their teeth were set, and the conviction ran thruugh the ranks

206 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

that the hour of desperate battle was about to strike. Such a
spectacle was not the most cheerful of preparations for a green
battalion, as it nerved itself for the first great shock of war.
The Nineteenth Corps held to the pike until within two and a
half miles of Winchester, and then filed to the right and halted,
occupying higher ground. The corps was formed in four lines,
with the first brigade of the second division holding the right
of the front line ; and, as the Ninth Conn, was detached for a
flanking regiment, the Fourteenth New Hampshire held the
right of the front of the entire line of battle. The army was
drawn up with the Nineteenth Corps on the right, the Sixth
Corps on the left, flanked by cavalry, the Eighth Corps held in
reserve to be used in turning the left flank of the enemy.

The lines were formed before ten o'clock, and the front line
was then advanced a short distance, halting just before reaching
a piece of timber. Here the men rested for nearly two hours ;
the last two hours of mortal life for many of the noblest of the
Fourteenth, our comrades for more than two years of hard ser-
vice in arms. With perfect unconcern the men lay down, most
of them snatching an early dinner from their haversacks. Noth-
ing in the demeanor of the troops indicated an expected battle.
Never were they more quiet and composed ; and little pleasant-
ries were bantered between those who, just beyond those woods,
before high noon should strike, would utter the last groan, or
die without a groan.

Sheridan had personally directed the formation of the army.
The front line crossed the Berryville pike two and a quarter
miles east of Winchester, and two and and a half miles from
the Opequan Creek. The line of battle extended from Abra-
ham's Creek on the left to Red Bud Run on the right, a distance
of one mile and a third ; while from Wilson away to the left the
great semicircle of Union manoeuvring extended around to
Averill on the right, a distance of almost six miles. The Sixth
Corps was on each side of the pike, while the Fourteenth Regi-
ment the right of the Nineteenth Corps was seven hundred
yards to the right of the pike. This was the Union position at
11.40 A.M.

H
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POSITION OF THE FORCES. 207

The Rebel line at that time was as follows from right to left :
Loraax's cavalry, Ramseur's, Rodes's, just arrived, and Gor-
don's divisions of infantry, with Fitz Lee's cavalry and battery
on the immediate left. Wharton and Breckenridge do not
appear to have engaged in the battle until afternoon. The
Rebels were strongly posted.

The Fourteenth remained in line for two hours before the
general advance was ordered. Col. Walker, in his history of
the Vermont Brigade, declares that " it was noon before the
Nineteenth Corps had reached its place, and was formed in three
or four lines on the right of the Sixth." The only comment to
be made on the above is, that the colonel is entirely mistaken, as
the context shows. We notice but one other of the misstate-
ments of this writer. Farther on, the inaccuracies of another
Sixth Corps historian will be alluded to. That corps did not
lack in appreciation of its own services, nor, sometimes, in dis-
paragement of other organizations. Col. Walker remarks of
the first charge : " The Nineteenth Corps appears to have gone
in impetuously and with little order." The comments of the
following pages will meet this false criticism ; but we leave to
the eulogist of the Vermont Brigade the explanation of the
break-up on the right of the Sixth Corps during that first
advance.

Sheridan had got his army in hand, and was about to meet
the pompous Rebel general, and try the metal of the two
armies.

Company E, of the Fourteenth, Capt. Tolman, did not go
into the battle in the beginning, as it had been detailed for
several weeks, a pioneer company at brigade headquarters. On
the morning of the battle Capt. Tolman was ordered to the
rear in charge of intrenching tools. Afterward, on his own
responsibility, he led his company in, and was then ordered to
rejoin the regiment, which he did near the close of the action,
rendering important service.

Col. Gardiner ordered Lieut. Sturtevant to deploy his com-
pany, G, as skirmishers. Before the skirmish-line deployed,
the colonel ordered two of the band, members of Company G,

208 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

to be detailed to follow the line, and assist the wounded. The
band-leader called for volunteers ; and Joseph S. Doolittle and
Thomas S. Mower immediately stepped forward, and accom-
panied the skirmishers.

Lieut. Sturtevant was the only officer in his company. He
marched his men to the front a few minutes before ten o'clock,
and then deployed by the right flank. His bugler being absent,
sick, Lieut. Fiske, of K, loaned his bugler, J. M. Smith, who
stuck to the line gallantly until Lieut. Sturtevant was struck
down. As the skirmish-line moved off, Lieut. Fiske grasped the
hand of his friend, and said, " Good-by, John : take care of your-
self." There was a prevalent feeling that the impending move-
ment was "into the jaws of death."

The skirmish-line of the Fourteenth advanced through the
woods, and halted under cover ; the right of the line resting on
Red Bud Run, while the left joined the skirmishers of the
Twenty-sixth Mass.

At eleven o'clock Col. Gardiner he had been mustered as
colonel only the day before called the officers to the rear and
centre, and, facing the men about, informed them that we were
surrounded, the enemy was in our rear, and that we must cut
our way out to the front. That direction must have come from
some higher authority, although it never could have emanated
from Sheridan. There was no truth whatever in the informa-
tion; and the motive for so instructing the Fourteenth was
presumably grounded in the fear, that, as the regiment had
never been tried under heavy fire, it might waver. It must
have been the aim to frighten the weak-kneed ones into keep-
ing in line by picturing the danger of an attempt to run to the
rear. At any rate, it was an unworthy artifice, originating in
the mind of some one who little knew the temper of the New-
Hampshire boys. The communication produced no appreciable
effect, and elicited little comment.

At 11.40 A.M. the general advance was ordered. As quietly
as on parade the men stepped to their places in the ranks. The
Union army was in motion, entering the cover at once. The first
line of the Nineteenth Corps, Grover's division, consisted of

THE BATTLE OPENED. 209

the first and third brigades. The second line, forty rods to
the rear, was formed by the fourth and second brigades. Be-
hind the second line were the reserves, consisting of the first
division in two lines. In passing through the belt of woods, a
distance of six hundred yards, the alignment became somewhat
disturbed ; and the regiment was halted just before the clearing
was reached, and the line straightened. The entire front line
then moved out from cover, and advanced slowly into that ter-
rible open field of death. There was little premonition of the
impending carnage ; for nothing more than desultory firing was
then heard along our front, and that was the preliminary death-
play of the skirmishers. Even then the battle of the Opequan
was not begun.

It was the intention of Gen. Emory, under the direction of
Sheridan, that the first line should advance to the centre of the
field and lie down; yet here, as at Balaklava, "somebody blun-
dered." The comments published in many accounts of the
battle are grossly misleading. There was either a dreadful
blunder perpetrated, or, worse, a piece of criminal folly was
indulged in ; but the fault rests wholly with one man, a staff-
officer who did give the order for the first brigade to charge.
It was a dangerous command to issue, for the first brigade
obeyed orders with an awful fidelity. As the line of battle
moved through the woods, the skirmishers advanced, and reached
a point half-way across the open field, halting behind the stump
fence, enduring a galling fire. They could hear the commands
to the Rebel cannoneers on the bluff across the Run, to the
right ; and, altogether, the Fourteenth skirmish-line found itself
in a hot spot. The enemy's picket-line received the Union skir-
mishers with a rapid fire, there being no shelter after leaving
the woods. When the skirmishers had pressed on half-way
across the field, as before stated, the Rebel skirmish-line fell
back, and the firing slackened.

Just then Fitz Lee opened a finely posted battery with telling
effect upon this slender advance of the Union force. Lieut.
Sturtevant was the first member of the Fourteenth wounded, as
when he was thrown flat by an exploding shell, one piece enter-

210 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

ing his arm, the main line had not emerged from the woods.
Lieut. Sturtevant tied up his arm, and remained at his post.
When urged to go to the rear he refused. The skirmish-line
found itself so far to the right, that, when the main line ad-
vanced, it was not supported. The enemy's line afterward
advanced so close as to demand a surrender in pretty emphatic
phrasing; and with great difficulty the lieutenant extricated his
company, which he did, the men falling back coolly and in good
order. It is evident that Company G, by its steadiness and
gallantry that day, proved the stuff it was made of in a splendid
fashion, and emulated the discipline of veteran fighters. Lieut.
Sturtevant hobbled back as far as possible, and was then carried
from the field on a shelter tent. The main line had halted for
five minutes. Then the order, " Forward ! " was given, and the
Fourteenth entered the open field. That field, eight hundred
and thirty yards across, was level for half the distance, and then
sloped up to the next belt of woods.

Immediately upon quitting the cover, the line came under
fire, at first light and scattering. For one-third of the distance
the advance was slow, deliberate, and in perfect order, the guide
being to the left, the general front being governed by the move-
ment of the Sixth Corps. Thus far the Fourteenth had behaved
as well as any regiment could. Would the men stand by the
colors, and hold steadily to the work ? Could a regiment unused
to fighting be depended upon to maintain the right of the line
on such a momentous occasion ? The line was nearing the cen-
tre of the field, where it was intended it should lie down ; but
no order to halt came. On the contrary, a staff officer rode up
furiously, and, pointing to the woods in front, gave the order to
charge. If that officer had forgotten his canteen of whiskey
that morning, it is possible the order would never have been
issued. " Charge bayonets ! " " Forward ! double-quick ! " were
the orders, and the line sprang forward as by a mighty, irresisti-
ble impulse. There was nothing "-impetuous" in that advance;
the men never raised one cheer ; a spirit of solemnity seemed to
breathe through the battalion : but the men were dreadfully in
earnest. The wings did not quite keep their distance, but

UNDER FIRE. 211

crowded the centre. Then ensued a desperate struggle, a re-
markable fight for position ; the men who were crowded out of
line striving to regain their places. There again discipline told.
There, with a regiment of men rolling down into the very vor-
tex of destruction, the writer witnessed the almost superhuman
exertions of men to simply hold their places in the ranks.
When half-way across the fatal field, the Fourteenth was ex-
posed to a murderous fire. The first volleys of the llebels were
too high ; the colors were riddled, and the terrible whistle and
ping of Minie bullets just above their heads initiated the men
into the society of death. The Fourteenth, inexperienced in
fighting, was confronted by some of the finest troops of the
South, inured to hard and continuous conflict. The enemy
soon got down to efficient work, and then the men began to
drop.

Corpl. Charles A. Ball, of the-color guard, was probably
the first man struck down ; and then they fell from right to
left. It was indeed the havoc of an awful carnage. Some offi-
cer at the right of the battalion gave the order to fire, and the
entire line commenced a rapid and fairly directed fire. The
speed of the advance was slackened to admit of the firing.
Here, in the centre of the field, fell, mortally wounded, the
brave Colburn and the gallant Paul. Here, too, a little later,
the accomplished captains Fosgate and Chaffin were shot dead.
An illustration of the deadly effect of the fire to which the
Fourteenth was then exposed is seen in the case of four men
in Company F, who were together in line. Of these, Allen,
Scott, and Bent were killed or mortally wounded ; and the
writer alone escaped. But what was the effect of the death-
dealing volleys on the progress of the line of battle ? Did it
run? Did it break? Did it waver? It did not even halt.
There were some cowards who were glad of the opportunity to
get out of danger by stopping to help the wounded, when they
knew there were ample details for this purpose. There were a
few who skulked back without as much as this decent pretext:
they wandered about, well out of danger, until the shooting was
over, and then turned up smiling, ready to arrogate to them-

212 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

selves their full share of the credit for the day's achievements.
Yet it is safe to say that no regiment in that grand army was
disgraced by a smaller number of skulkers than was the Four-
teenth.

The line moved on with a momentum which the accurate
and effective fire of the enemy seemed not even to check. It
was near to the second belt of woods ; the first brigade of
Grover's division had swept on, entirely beyond the front of
the remainder of the army. It is said that the order to halt
was issued, but the men never received it. Col. Gardiner was
on foot, fifty feet in the rear of his regiment ; Hadley, the
splendid young commander of F, fell, ahead of the line, with a
fearful wound in the face ; Stone, a fine and promising young
officer, was slain : yet the Fourteenth never faltered in the
charge. And now the boys began to feel the thrill, the enthu-
siasm, the exultation, of battle. Those who had escaped, and
kept in their place, had passed the period of fear ; and the wild
intoxication of a great contest was nerving them on. Before
the woods mentioned were reached, the men cheered, and rushed
on at a faster pace. An unprejudiced observer, Major Gould,
of another division, the historian of the Twenty-ninth Me.,
thus refers to this feat : " Grover's first line had charged with a
fury that nothing could withstand ; but, being unsupported, it
was out-flanked. It seems incredible that Grover could have
worked ahead of us so far, in the very short time that he had
been out of our sight." Up to this time, the battalion formation
had been fairly well preserved ; but, as the woods were entered,
the line was disarranged, the right and the left spreading apart.
In this timber-belt, three hundred and fifty yards wide, oc-
curred the most desperate fighting of the day, some of it hand-
to-hand.

The breaking-up of the line just alluded to was caused by
the terrible flanking fire from Fitz Lee's battery, stationed on
an eminence across the' Red Bud, not over six hundred yards
away. The shells came screaming through the trees, lopping
off branches, crippling the line, and destroying organization.
A battery firing shells into a body of men is not only a mur-

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DESPERATE FIGHTING. 213

derous, it is a demoralizing, agency. The segregated line ad-
vanced with considerable celerity through the woods, the Rebel
line being forced back in confusion. A single Union brigade
had been hurled, like a thunderbolt, against two of the finest
Southern divisions. The ground was won ; but it could not be
held alone, by a line so terribly cut to pieces. Several prison-
ers were here taken by the Fourteenth ; and many of the men
fought like demons, Sergt. Coombs of C being conspicuous.
The officers attempted to re-form the men, straighten the line,
and halt it ; but the men did not stop, pressing on through the
woods, and down the slope into the opening beyond. There
were so few who reached this advanced and extremely perilous
position that the advance was stopped ; and the charge, which
had extended for a mile and a hundred yards, there termi-
nated. The little handful of men remained there for about
five minutes, firing rapidly at the enemy ; H. H. Howe, of F,
being the most advanced man of the Fourteenth who was ob-
served by the writer. Again the Rebel fire grew brisk. Web-
ster, true as steel, was fatally wounded. Fiske, universally be-
loved, fell just before the retreat. The men waited for orders.
One came to retreat ; but, when the men started to fall back,
other officers endeavored to hold them up to the work.

Capt. Ira Berry was cool, determined, and conspicuous, in
the very front. He was badly wounded, and was captured by
the enemy. While advancing through the second woods, he
was a full rod ahead of his company. Observing the left of
the regiment breaking up, and confusion spreading on the right,
and not hearing the order to retreat, he turned aud commanded :
" Company H, stand fast! " and Company H stood as steady
as on dress-parade. Lieut. Holmes then communicated to the
captain the order to retreat : it was given, and back the com-
pany went at a lively gait.

Lieut. Sargent fought like a tiger, with perfect recklessness.
He seemed to take no account of Rebel bullets. Hurrying from
point to point, he did his best to maintain the ground. He was
one of the last to retreat, was severely wounded, and taken
prisoner.

214 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

When the war began Capt. Berry was a member of the Gulf-
City Guards, of Mobile, Ala. ; and, when that organization
entered the Rebel service, he declined to go. He was, however,
for several months under Confederate pay in Mobile Harbor.
As soon as practicable he came North. It was a remarkable
coincidence that his old company should be the one to capture
him. One of his former comrades rolled him over, supposing
him dead, to unbuckle and appropriate his sword. When the
captain found strength to rise, he was taken to the rear by his
Mobile companions, who, happily, did not recognize him. When
he reached the heights occupied by the Rebels in their last posi-
tion, he found himself with Lieut. Sargent; and they planned to
escape from their guards. It was decided that Capt. Berry
should faint ; which he did, apparently, and Lieut. Sargent min-
istered to him. The impatient guards waited through one faint-
ing spell, but could not stand a second ; and went on, leaving
the prisoners, who were still in the Rebel line, and persistently
prevented from going to the rear by a cordon of provost-guards,
set to stop the timid Johnnies from running away.

Twice a Rebel soldier tried to get the lieutenant's rubber
blanket, once firing a shot which was evidently intended to fin-
ish him. The shot took effect, but it went through Capt.
Berry's arm. The second attempt was a success, the lieuten-
ant being jerked to the ground, and his blanket taken. Soon
afterward Lieut. Sargent made a dash, and ran into captiv-
ity ; while Capt. Berry presently coaxed a mere boy among
the provost-guard to take him, as a prisoner, to the rear. This
boy had been a prisoner, and had received kind treatment from
Union soldiers : so that, when a Rebel cavalryman came up and
proposed to rob the captain of his jacket by force, the faithful
young guard plainly informed him that he would get a bullet
through him if he persisted in robbing his prisoner. The
mounted Rebel hero desisted.

Capt. Berry was taken to the Taylor House Rebel Hospi-
tal in Winchester, and, watching his opportunity, lay down
between two wounded Rebels in the operating-room. Before
long the Rebel surgeons put on their coats in a hurry ; there

THE GREAT REPULSE. 215

was a surging through the town : the Johnnies were out and
the Yanks were in ; and, after the strange vicissitudes of an
eventful day, the wounded captain was among his, friends, and
under the old flag.

The first brigade was cut to pieces ; it had melted away.
There were three reasons for this great disaster which led
almost to irretrievable defeat. The first has already been de-
lineated. The second is found in the break which began on
the right of the Sixth Corps, extending to the left of the Nine-
teenth, enabling a portion of Rodes's division to turn the flank
of the latter. The third and unsavory reason for the repulse
of the first line of Grover's division was that the second line
entirely failed to support it. It will be remembered that the
right of the second line was held by the fourth brigade, made
up mostly of Indiana troops unsurpassed for yelling. This
brigade was handled in a most incompetent manner. It ad-
vanced through the first woods, found the first line was engaged
in a fierce conflict, fired one volley, turned, and ran. They
hardly got under fire at all. This brigade had been transferred
from the Thirteenth Corps, in Louisiana ; and certainly it failed
grossly in the moment of need. The Ninth Conn., an Irish
regiment, was detached from the first brigade to act as a flank-
ing force, and should" have silenced Fitz Lee's battery. It got
lost (?) so safely, in the woods to the right of the line, that not
a man was hit during the day ; and it remained there until the
battle was over. That regiment never rejoined the brigade
until the army was in Harrisonburg, and then it was ordered
to march in the rear.

It was fatally hot for the Fourteenth as it emerged from the
woods on its retreat over the open field. Just at the edge of
the woods Orderly-Sergt. Felch fell. Our accomplished and
heroic Col. Gardiner was last seen marching to the rear slowly,
with sword lying across his left arm, calling upon his men to
halt. He was shot about one-third of the way back from the
second woods, while rallying his men. The charge and repulse
of the first brigade is described by the Rebel commander, and is

216 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

of sufficient interest to warrant it a place here. He concedes
the damage inflicted by the onslaught in which the Fourteenth
bore so prominent a part.

" The only chance for us was to hurl Rodes and Gordon upon
the flank of the advancing column. They advanced through
the woods in most gallant style, and attacked in the open field
[it appears that the right of the Union, and the left of the Rebel,
line made a simultaneous attack], opening a destructive fire.
But Evans's brigade of Gordon's division, which was on the
extreme left of our infantry, received a check from a column
of the enemy, and was forced back through the woods from be-
hind which it had advanced ; the enemy following to the very
rear of the woods, and to within musket-range of seven pieces
of Braxton's artillery, which were without support. This
caused a pause in our advance, and the position was most criti-
cal ; for it was apparent that unless this force was driven back
the day was lost. Braxton's guns, in which now was our only
hope, resolutely stood their ground, and opened with canister
on the enemy. This fire was so rapid and well directed that
the enemy staggered, halted, and commenced falling back, leav-
ing a battle-flag on the ground, whose bearer was cut to pieces
by a canister shot. Just then Battle's brigade of Rodes's divis-
ion arrived, moved forward, and swept through the woods,
driving the enemy before it ; while Evans's brigade was rallied,
and brought back to the charge. Our advance was resumed,
and the enemy's attacking columns were thrown into great
confusion, and driven from the field."

It was the wild hope of Early to follow up the first repulse
of the Union right, and gain possession of the gorge or canon,
thus cutting off Sheridan's retreat; but the Rebel counter-
charge never got beyond the centre of that disputed field.
The One Hundred and Fourteenth N. Y., one of the noblest
battalions in the whole Union army, advanced, endured with
not a flinch the rabble run of the fourth brigade, and, with the
two pieces of artillery posted by Emory, filled the perilous gap.
While the Union line was thus being precariously established,
not much in advance of its position at 11.40, that of the enemy

TRUE AS STEEL. 217

was not advanced, but rather retired somewhat, though strength-
ened. The fragments of the Fourteenth were easily rallied, a
majority of the men retreating no farther than necessary.
Orderly-Sergt. Goodwin at once gathered a squad, and faced
them about, holding them well to the front. Other officers did
the same. In the retreat most of the regiment bore to the left :
so that, when re-formed, it was in the first woods, somewhat to
the right, and nearly seven hundred yards in front of its posi-
tion before the charge. The Fourteenth Regiment New-Hamp-
shire Volunteers had gone

" Down into the jaws of death,
Down into the gates of hell."

It had been tried so as by fire : and in that terrible ordeal it
did not waver ; it did not shrink ; it did not fail in one iota of
doing all that brave men, all that a well-trained battalion, could
do under the circumstances. It obeyed every order with alac-
rity. Its officers were nobly daring, and its men showed the
same metal. The Fourteenth shed a fearful measure of precious
blood in that onset ; and, while its flag was riddled by balls, it
was not for a moment sullied, but was borne aloft in that
charge, and throughout the day, a lustrous symbol of the cause
and its success.

It was about one o'clock, and the state of affairs with Sheri-
dan was, that an advance had been made on his whole front,
with a decided success on the right, followed by a set-back all
along the line, and a damaging repulse at a critical point in his
centre. In half an hour, or at 1.30 p.m., the emergency was
passed ; and the Union army showed a good front to the over-
exultant Johnnies. Early says of the battle at that hour, " A
splendid victory had been gained ; " and, while that boast was
as false as many other of his declarations, it was true, that,
up to the time mentioned, the balance of success lay with the
enemy. But " Little Phil " had not at that hour begun to un-
fold his strategy. That battle was a piece of military calcula-
tion, and Sheridan was right in the midst of his figuring when
Early went into glorifications over a victory won. The Rebel

218 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

hero had only succeeded in badly mixing up the Union com-
mander's figures. The problem was working : it would be
solved. There was a general lull in the contest; and regiments
re-formed, gathered in stragglers, perfected alignments, rested,
and ate where there was any thing left to eat.

Some incidents of the first tremendous onset must not be lost.
When the first line of the Nineteenth Corps had advanced be-
yond the anticipated point of establishing and holding a position,
and had acquired a momentum which little short of annihilation
could check, a staff-officer rode to the front, and endeavored to
correct the blunder. His shouts and his vehement gesticula-
tions were alike unheeded. .t last he appeared to grow des-
perate. He exposed himself recklessly, putting forth almost
superhuman efforts to halt the line. Finally, he turned his
horse's head toward the enemy, rose to full height in his stir-
rups, swung his sword high in air, and flung it away toward the
Rebel line. He then coolly dismounted, walked slowly out,
and picked up his weapon, and then very deliberately left that
part of the field.

Some of the men, when struck, shrieked with fear and pain ;
while most of them uttered but a groan, or were silent. There
were many surprises on that field. The wisest ones in camp
were not always the truest ones in the crucial hour ; and some
also who were lightly valued in the previous months performed
such deeds as are ascribed to heroes. There was Blodgett of F,
a stout, clumsy man, too old, as we supposed, to be in the ser-
vice at all ; who was always a little behind on the march, and
just too late in every evolution and movement of the manual.
Yet on the field of the Opequan he displayed some of the best
qualities of a warrior. He proved entirely insensible to fear ;
and his drill was driven into him as nails into a white oak
post to stay. It was like him to "load in nine times" at
every round in the very whirlwind and fury of battle. What
if he did find eleven charges in his musket after the battle, in-
dicating that he did not know whether or not his piece was
discharged when he pointed it at the foe ? He did what it is
safe to affirm no other soldier in that army did. When his rifle

INCIDENTS OF THE BATTLE. 219

became disabled by a Rebel shot, he sat down upon the ground,
under a heavy fire, took his gun to pieces, and, from another
musket lying near by, replaced the broken part, and then
trudged back to find his regiment.

Of the raw recruits reaching the regiment just before the
battle, sixteen had been assigned to Company H ; and during
the first charge Capt. Berry was occupied, aside from the usual
onerous duties of a company commander in battle, in keeping
them in line and up to the work. One of them persisted in
firing toward the sky every time, and finally the captain stopped,
and drilled him until he would fire toward the enemy.

Coming from one who was in the ranks, it is not out of place
to here record, that the officers of the Fourteenth, as a rule,
behaved with conspicuous heroism. In the first, and so notably
fatal, onset, they crowned the Fourteenth Regiment with imper-
ishable honor. And those who died in the ranks stood in their
lot equally well. The wonderful pluck displayed found good
illustration in the case of Lieut. Colburn, who, suffering from a
fatal wound in the abdomen, still, with his characteristic grit,
worked his way back on foot, alone, to lie down and die that
night.

In the long array of the wounded at night, musician J. S.
Doolittle, of the band, had for his bunk-mate Corpl. Tasker of
Company I, who was mortally wounded, as the event proved,
although neither supposed such to be the case. His leg had
been amputated, and he was laid in the bunk, apparently doing
well. His comrade Doolittle spoke cheering words, and the
prospective cork-leg was discussed. Then they bade each other
good-night, and both fell asleep it is supposed. During the
night his companion became chilled, woke, and spoke several
times to the wounded corporal ; but no response. Then the
hand was reached out, and laid upon the face ; and it was cold
in death. Corpl. Tasker had been dead for several hours.

Another instance of the cheerful endurance of the death-
stroke is given by Lieut. Hadley. A group of wounded officers
from the Fourteenth lay in the field hospital at the rear. Lieut.
Stone's back was shattered by a shell, his legs were paralyzed,

220 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

he could not move ; lie was going down into the dark valley:
yet he was cheerful, and even indulged in pleasantries. He
addressed Lieut. Hadley, saying he wished he had his legs ; the
latter, whose jaw was broken, retorting that he wished he had
Lieut. Stone's jaws.

Lieut. Hadley expresses the feeling of the wounded group
from the Fourteenth : " We forgot our sufferings when we heard
the cheer of victory come back to us from the Union lines."

Still another instance of clear grit was manifested in the
middle of the second woods, after the retreat, where Capt.
Berry and Lieut. Fiske lay wounded. The latter informed the
captain that he had got his death-wound ; yet he set himself to
the task of stopping the cowardly shrieking of a soldier near by
who was wounded, but not dangerously, in the leg.

In contrast with this heroic fortitude and abnegation is the
grossest instance of dead-beat faithlessness we ever saw recorded
of a battle-field. During the first part of the battle, two things
in Union uniforms were observed playing a queer trick. One
of them laid himself on the ground, while the other carefully
shot him through the calf of the leg. They then exchanged
places, and marksman No. 1 got a Minie-ball put through his
calf. There was no danger in the operation ; and it was a good
passport for several months in hospital, no duty, and an easy
life. The turmoil of the fight prevented their exposure.

Dr. Perkins was evidently not a man of fear, nor a surgeon
who was most active at the rear. An officer saw him falling
back in the general retreat, carefully bringing a musket. The
doctor was quizzed for his conduct, and reluctantly abandoned
his weapon, carefully setting it up against a tree.

Gen. Emory was observed, immediately after the retreat, well
up to the front, and under fire, doing all in his power to restore
order and confidence ; and, after the lines were restored, he rode
slowly along the entire front, well out toward the enemy, on the
familiar yellow horse. Gen. Grover would not ride his splendid
charger into the fight; but mounted an inferior animal for the
occasion.

When the Nineteenth Corps was hurled back, and the army

THE LOST COLORS. 221

in its greatest peril, Gen. Emory called to a color-sergeant, and
said: " Here, give me those colors; I will lead you myself!"
The color-sergeant shook his head, and did not yield the pre-
cious standard.

When the shattered fragments of the Fourteenth were again
assembled in the position heretofore described, there was humil-
iation and sorrow. The regiment had no colors. No one could
account for either of the standards. The Fourteenth was
bereaved indeed. It was almost literally decimated in its
killed, and nearly a fifth of its number wounded. To intensify
the infliction, it mustered without colors. Were they in the
hands of the enemy ? Had the bearers been tried, and found
wanting ? It was known that the bearer of the State flag,
Corpl. Sherburn Page, had been shot dead with the flag in his
hand ; Corpl. Hazen had taken it, and was also killed : beyond
that, nothing was known of either flag or its bearer. Let us see.
As the writer, after the great repulse, had nearly reached the
woods, through which the regiment had moved to the charge,
he overtook Sergt. Howard, with his United-States colors. He
had carried his flag into the thickest of the fight, became
isolated, his guard being nearly all killed or wounded, him-
self untouched, and he had brought off his precious charge.
He was entirely alone, having retraced the ground passed over
by the regiment, while it had, in again confronting the enemy,
formed to one side, as previously stated. A conference ensued
as to the course to be pursued. It was decided not to attempt
the unprofitable task of searching for the regiment in the face
of an advancing foe. It was determined to attach the colors of
the Fourteenth to the first regiment at hand, and keep them in
the front line of the battle. At that moment the sergeant's
heart was gladdened by the sight of the State flag approaching,
borne by E. F. Fuller of Company C, who had rescued it, ac-
companied by Corpl. Baldwin, and H. A. Wood, both of Com-
pany F. They both gallantly stuck to the colors throughout
the afternoon, exposing themselves fearlessly.

It so happened that while the regiment was resting safely

222 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

from 1 to 4.30 o'clock, its colors were under a constant fire in
the very front of the battle. And thus it came about. The
decision above alluded to led us further to the left of the line,
in the opposite direction from the Fourteenth, and into a fresh
regiment which was just being pressed forward to confront the
enemy. Moving by the left flank about three hundred yards,
we came to the Eighth Vt., second brigade, first division, of
the Nineteenth Corps. The situation was explained to Col.
Thomas, commanding, and he heartily welcomed another set of
colors and its little guard of three, all from one company. Soon
after the Fourteenth colors were united to the Eighth, it ad-
vanced into that field of death several hundred yards to the left
of the path which the Fourteenth had marked with its blood
an hour before. The whole brigade had moved out from cover,
and was at once under fire. A dash of a few rods, and the line
lay down. Col. Thomas, while exceedingly careful of his men,
would not himself dismount. In about ten minutes another
dash, and then flat on their faces, the line escaped the volleys
that poured in. A third rush ahead took the Eighth half-way
across the field, the line being continued to right and left by
other regiments coming up. This was the line which Sheridan
intended Grover to gain and hold, at first. Here the Eighth
and the Fourteenth colors remained until four o'clock, con-
stantly under fire, but not severe ; though the colors were
several times shot through, and men all about were constantly
being struck.

As illustrative of the triumph over fear which men may
secure, we cite the Company F man who got permission of
Sergt. Howard, while the line lay there so long, to hunt up a
haversack, his own having been shot off. He went roaming
about the field among the dead bodies, the bullets zip-zip-ing
about him, looking for an abandoned haversack.

From 1.30 until nearly 4 the fighting along the whole line
consisted of skirmish-firing. At two o'clock Early was re-
enforced by Breckinridge and Wharton, who got up from Ste-
phenson's Station. Sheridan had reserved Crook in the rear,
intending to put him in on the left; but reports kept coming in

THE GRAND ADVANCE. 223

that Early was massing troops to crush our right, and at length
Sheridan felt compelled to put him in on that flank to act
as a turning column. From 2.30 to 4 o'clock Crook was mak-
ing his way around the right of the Nineteenth Corps, forming
at the latter hour a line well facing the enemy's left flank.
Then we, who were with the colors, heard a great shout far
to the right. The battalion was on its feet in an instant.
"Terrible as an army with banners" was rarely so magnifi-
cently exemplified. For more than a mile and a half to the
right, and far advanced to the front as it extended away,
sweeping round the enemy's left in a majestic semicircle, the
Union line was seen advancing with a strength and confidence
which manifestly nothing in front of it could withstand. When
we first caught the view, the long array of banners was just in
one line with our eyes, and the spectacle was surpassingly grand.
Pressing on the flank was Crook ; charging steadity to the front
was the Nineteenth Corps. The Eighth Vt. and its brigade
were eager for the final fray, and soon Col. Thomas permitted
them to go in. Bayonets were fixed, and with a whirl the
line charged up to the fatal second woods ; but the " Steady,
old Vermont ! Steady, old Vermont ! " sounding so calmly from
the lips of the gallant colonel, will never be forgotten by the
Fourteenth temporary color contingent.

The Eighth marched through the woods, but encountering a
hot fire, and the men beginning to fall fast about the colors,
a halt was ordered, and the alignment perfected. It was soon
manifest that the enemy was driven from his position of the
afternoon, and then there was a rapid movement forward to
again confront the Rebel host. Soon after leaving the woods,
and while marching to the left, we descried away to our right
the Fourteenth regiment converging upon the Eighth. Col.
Thomas was informed that he must fight the remainder of the
day without four flags; and he gave us a parting blessing, with
warm compliments, and offers of any recommendations we might
desire. Then the little squad in as good spirits as any five
men in all that glorious battle-field marched over and re-
stored to the Fourteenth its lost colors. The cheers of welcome
were proud compensation for the afternoon's exposure.

224 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

The Fourteenth advanced by the right flank, commanded
by Capt. Hall, the senior officer present. For some time after
the fall of Col. Gardiner, he had been in command of the
regiment. Solid shot were flying just over our heads. We
marched through a rut in a stone wall, and down toward lower
ground ; while batteries were galloping for positions back of
us, unlimbering, and opening fire on the heights beyond and
in front of us, the enemy's last position. The infantry formed
an L-shaped line, facing the Rebel batteries, the Fourteenth
forming a part of the right branch. Then, for a few minutes, a
brilliant artillery duel ensued, the shells screeching over our
heads, in both directions. But what is that terrible commo-
tion ? that hoarse and mixed roar of battle ? There is confusion
in the Rebel redoubt. Look ! then see the sudden spring of
the prone infantry ! Hear that strange, wild, exultant shout,
which they only can send forth who have fought and won.
Away to the right, and beyond the enemy's rear, flashes to us a
spectacle vivid in its glory, because novel to the Fourteenth,
and peculiar on any field. We caught the flashing of their
sabres, as Averill and Merritt and Custer drove the enemy from
their guns like a flock of sheep. The infantry moved on the
heights, in line of battle, the Rebel prisoners by hundreds flock-
ing through, between the Union battalions. The day was won,
the Rebel army " sent whirling through Winchester." By bri-
gades and battalions the Union army moved by the right flank
over the ground last held by the enemy, and on, into, and
through Winchester. We passed Rebel dead and wounded,
with here and there a blue-coat lying in sad contrast with the
gray. It was six o'clock, and a day's work for the Union was
done.

A STAFF-OFFICEIVS STORX- 225

ANOTHER ACCOUNT.

The following is taken from an account of the battle written
by Lieut. Carroll D. Wright, afterwards colonel of the Four-
teenth, who was at that time A.A.A.G. on the brigade-staff.

At two o'clock, on the morning of the 19th of September,
the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps abandoned their intrenched
camps in front of Berryville, and moved out toward Winches-
ter. The muffled roar of artillery was heard at intervals
during the morning, caused by the shelling of the advanced
cavalry skirmishers. It was one of the most beautiful of early-
autumn days : the air was cool and mellow, the sun shed a tem-
pered warmth, and the whole face of nature smiled in the
harvest-time. Carelessly and unconsciously, with laugh and
jest, our boys marched on to the harvest of death and mutila-
tion ; soon, however, meeting wounded cavalry skirmishers be-
ing borne to the rear, a sight to silence song and laughter.

Grover's four brigades were seen to pass through a gorge,
cross a creek, and disappear in the hollows beyond ; the men
swinging along at the usual jaunty route-step, but with silent,
determined countenances. At eleven o'clock both corps had
completed their dispositions, the long lines of the Sixth
reaching east from Opequan Creek ; while the Nineteenth occu-
pied the ground to the right, but with a wide space intervening.
The divisions were generally disposed in two parallel lines, a
little distance apart. In front of our lines was a belt of forest ;
and, beyond, an uneven field ; and, still farther, another belt of
wood, in which was posted the Rebel infantry, supporting bat-
teries on elevations in the rear.

It was nearly high-noon when the bugles sounded the grand
advance. The old, but infinitely beautiful, panorama of all
battle-fields, made still more impressive by the natural aspects
of this most lovely of valleys, was spread before and around.
Away to the bases of the Blue Ridge and the Cumberland
faded stretches of forest, and fields dotted by dwellings, spar-
kling with streams, and glowing with the kisses of approaching

226 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

autumn. Nearer, could be seen the enemy's line of battle ; and,
still nearer, the splendid marching columns of our own infan-
try ; while the sharpshooters and skirmishers of both lines
specked the intervening space, so soon to be the theatre of
deadly conflict.

Our artillery opened heavily, answered by the boom of the
Rebel guns. Our forces advanced through the first wood, upon
the open field, giving their fire to the enemy. For a few sec-
onds the gleaming muskets vibrated before they entered the
timber filled with Rebels, and then were lost in the shadows
and smoke. The roar of the battle, as the two lines fairly
met, sounding in a thunderous burst of volleys, pealed up from
that wood ; and smoke and flame streamed out in a long line,
as though the whole forest had been suddenly ignited. The
conflict was as fierce as the fiercest battle fought by Grant, from
the Rapidan to Petersburg. The determination to win the bat-
tle, which seemed to inspire every man in our army, urged
Birge's brigade of Grover's division so impetuously as almost
to isolate it from the corps; while the whole front line of the
division charged furiously through the wood

" Into the jaws of death,
Into the mouth of hell."

There was a brief and desperate encounter, a crossing of
bayonets, and an incessant crash of rifles ; and then that old
second division, which marched so gayly over the mountains,
was hurled back into the clearing, stunned, mangled, and shat-
tered, emerging from the deadly grasp of the whole left wing
of Early's army. . . .

The Rebel advance was an advance no longer : the route was
turned. Back, over the fences and ravines, and into the woods
beyond, their flying and broken lines were pushed. The Eighth
Corps was brought in on the right, and the flanks of the enemy
were forced back, while his centre partially gave way. Battery
after battery of the enemy was silenced. The word is still
" Forward ! " along three miles of contest. " Forward ! " and
you shall hear it from the lips of commanders everywhere ;

^*W(|

&#f.4fafi

c*.

A VIVID PICTURE. 227

from generals and colonels and captains. The woods ring with
it, cheers succeed it, and the lines advance anew.

There is a strange fascination in a scene like this, which
almost tempts one to suspend duty, and look around him. On
your right and left men go down, while you are commending
their good fighting, and urging them to keep up to the work.
They fall in front of you, some lapsing heavily to the ground,
stricken with instant death ; while others settle slowly down,
and limp or crawl back as best they may. It is a scene replete
with horrors, and ringing with unearthly cries and noises.

Still on, underneath the glowing sun, revived by fresh
breezes, revived still more by the consciousness of victory, the
Army of the Shenandoah thunders after its prey. Yonder, in
an orchard on the left, Getty's division of the Sixth Corps is
making havoc among its enemies. Far to the right, the Army
of West Virginia, still pressing the foe with resistless ardor, is
revenging the former defeat at Winchester. Forward, still for-
ward, cheering and firing, till Winchester is in full sight, its
roofs and steeples glowing red in the setting sun. Our artillery,
borne across a ravine to the plateau, and across the plateau to
its farthest verge, does a work so terrible, that to witness it is
sickening. The whole Rebel army, swept down the slope, and
on to the plain beyond, is completely demoralized.

The sun, alas ! rests upon the horizon's verge. Across that
plain before Winchester, its beams shine upon a scene rivalling
in picturesque sublimity all historic fields of most heroic wars.
Vast and level and beautiful for miles, the field itself, unpeo-
pled, would be full of romantic interest. Peopled as it was by
thousands of Rebels, shattered, demoralized, flying ; by thousands
of pursuing troops, moving in well-ordered battalions ; resound-
ing with the ring of musketry and boom of cannon, surpassing
the roar of Austerlitz, it was a scene I cannot hope to suggest
to any imagination.

Twilight gathers, darkness falls, and the only signs of the
army met and conquered during the day are the echoes of its
ammunition-wagons rumbling along the pike southward. Dis-
cipline and organization disappeared from their forces ; and all

228 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

night long the routed army hurried up the Valley toward Stras-
burg, intent upon the refuge of Fisher's Hill.

The camp-fires springing up as our troops bivouacked for the
night upon the plain had each its group of earnest, thoughtful
men, talking and thinking of the events of the day, and mourn-
ing the loss of some loved comrade. At distances the bands
played the weary veterans to sleep. The moon arose, shedding
its white radiance down upon the slumbers of the camp ; upon
the sleepless tortures of wounded Southrons, who still lay un-
cared for in the fields, thinking of the dear ones who loved
them and would miss them, oh, so much ! even as if they had
worn a blue uniform, with feelings under their gray jackets
as warm as our own. 1

After the battle. How a defeated army must feel, the Four-
teenth boys have no means of knowing; and certainly no one
save an actor in the thrilling drama can appreciate the experi-
ence and emotions of a victorious army as it settles clown to
bivouac after the march, the charge, the storm, uproar, carnage,
and triumph. Just as darkness was spreading its merciful pall
over the dead, and shutting out the horrors of the day from the
eyes of the wounded, on the field of the Opequan, the Four-
teenth Regiment bivouacked just outside and south of Win-
chester, to the right of the Valley pike, on the border of a small
stream. The re-action had come. The hour of jubilation, full
of glory and the wild intoxication of conquest, had claimed its
right, and must now give place. It was not time yet to recount
deeds of heroism ; and the boaster had not yet come up from the
rear to cover his shame by inventions either of acts of prowess,
hair-breadth escapes, or remarkable ministrations to the wound-
ed. It was a time of solemn inquiry. The names of those
known to be dead were passed sadly and reverently from mouth
to mouth. The regiment had passed from glorification to mem-
ory. The noble, the ^beloved ones, were slain, or in that hour

1 The writer is indebted to a description of this battle in The Galaxy for 1807,
for certain points.

A SAD ROLL-CALL. 229

breathing out their heroic lives on the field just won. The
regiment was fearfully attenuated, but gradually being re-en-
forced by the scattered, the stragglers, and those who had been
detailed for duty with the wounded. Each incomer was anxious-
ly questioned. Some were reported dead with great positiveness
who received no scratch. The writer listened, unseen, with
peculiar feelings to the statement of a comrade, who announced
the finding of his dead body on the field.

Could any who questioned the essential manliness of our
Union volunteers, or doubted their tenderness of heart and
absolute loyalty to high motives, have mingled with the men
during that evening after Opequan, and witnessed the genuine
comradeship and close fraternity so emphatically displayed, he
would have gone out of those saddened camps with a higher
estimate of the country's defenders.

About ten o'clock the order sounded through the camp,
" Company , fall in for roll-call ! " The familiar summons
was received, first with a shudder, and then with tears. It was
almost cruel. Never before had we heard a tremor in the voice
of our orderly-sergeant. What memories are stirred in the
minds of the survivors as the names on that company roll troop
before us in their long alphabetical array. On that night the
call was mournful beyond expression ; and, as some friend an-
swered, "Dead!" "Killed!" "Wounded!" the pain of the
loss for a time entirely obscured the glory of the day: but,
when a name was reached with no response, the silence of sus-
pense was depressing. The roll-call finished, the condition of
the regiment was far from being accurately determined, as at
least one-quarter of the uninjured in some companies had not
come in. Before the regiment moved the next morning, so many
of those unaccounted for had come into camp that a somewhat
accurate estimate was made of the casualties of the battle.

THE KILLED AND WOUNDED.

The following is the number of killed and mortally wounded,
by companies, the order being determined by losses : K, nine ;

230 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

D, eight; H, eight; F, seven; A, five; B, five ; I, four; C, four;
G, two. Col. Gardiner is to be added to this enumeration.

The following is the loss in wounded, by companies, the order
being determined as above : H, sixteen ; F, fourteen ; A, eleven ;
D, ten ; G, ten ; K, ten; B, eight; I, six ; C, five.

The total in killed and mortally wounded of officers and men
was fifty-three. The total number of wounded was ninety.
The Fourteenth lost three times as many officers in killed as
any other regiment in the brigade, and one-third more than all
the other regiments combined. This statement does not include
the mortally wounded. The wounded in the Fourteenth were
largely in excess of those in any other regiment.

There were twenty-nine of the Fourteenth's dead buried in
one trench on the field where they fell. They were afterward
disinterred, and buried in the National Cemetery, on ground
which formed a portion of the battle-field. Their last resting-
place is fittingly honored by a monument erected by the State
of New Hampshire.

A view of this monument, with the inscriptions thereon, is
given opposite.

On the front or east side of the monument is the dedicatory
inscription, which appears in its proper position on the illustra-
tion of the monument as here given. In the list of names, there
are inaccuracies and omissions ; but the inscriptions are given as
cut upon the shaft. Some of the dead were removed to their
native hills to sleep with their fathers.

It has been the purpose of the committee preparing this vol-
ume to give a brief obituary notice of those killed in battle.
So far as information has been furnished by friends, this has
been done. There were fifty-three members of the Fourteenth
killed and mortally wounded in this battle.

COL. ALEXANDER GARDINER.

Alexander Gardiner was born in Catskill, N.Y., July 27,
1833. He was educated at Kimball Union Academy, and after
graduation studied law, and was admitted to the bar in New-
York City when twenty-two years old.

EW HAMPSHIRE MONUMENT,

National Cemetery, Winchester, Va.

INSCRIPTION.

231

INSCRIPTIONS ON THE NEW -HAMPSHIRE MONUMENT IN
THE NATIONAL CEMETERY", WINCHESTER, VA.

[front, or east side.] [north side.]

NEW
HAMPSH IRE

ERECTS THIS MON-
UMENT TO THE MEM-
ORY OF HER BRAVE
SONS OF HER
I4TH REGIMENT
WHO FELL IN BATTLE
SEPT. I9TH, 1864,
UPON THIS FIELD
AND ARE HERE BURI-
ED IN ONE COMMON
GRAVE.

CAPTS.

W. H. CHAFFIN.
W. A. FOSGATE.

LIEUTS.

H. S. PAUL.
J. A. FISK.

[south side.]

SERGTS.

C. WILSON.

W. FELCH.

MACURDY.

A. BAKER.

CORPLS.

P. RUST.

ALLEN.

W. HAZEN.

TASKER.

W. NOYES.

W. CHASE.

MORTALLY WOUNDED.

COL. GARDINER.
A. B. COLBURN.
G. H. STONE.
L. WILLARD.
H. F. BROWN.
L. E. BENT.
G. W. TUCKER.
L. G. MERRILL.
R. VARNEY.
O. STRAW.
G. B. COFRAN.
H. ATWOOD.
A. HARRIMAN.

[west side.]

PRIVATES.

WYMAN.

YOUNG.

PERRIGO.

WETHERBEE.

ANDREWS.

HAYNES.

BOYD.

HOMAN.

MARSTON.

SOUTHER.

SCOTT.

BARRUS.

WATERS.

CAMERON.

. PHELPS.

BENT.

232 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

He was in Kansas with John Brown during 1 the troublous
times of Border Ruffianism, and bore a conspicuous part in that
memorable struggle for freedom. He took the first printing-
press into Kansas, and his office was afterward raided by
Southern desperadoes. In the spring of 1859 he removed to
Claremont, where he opened a law-office, and continued the
practice of his profession until he entered the army.

November 17, 1859, Col. Gardiner married Miss Mary P.
Cooper, the daughter of Mr. Samuel P. Cooper of Croydon.
Two children, a son and daughter, were born to them, both
now living. In the summer of 1862 Col. Gardiner enlisted and
began recruiting.

When the Fourteenth was raised he was appointed adju-
tant, and served in that position with marked ability until
September 12, 1863, when he was promoted to be major of the
regiment. Upon the resignation of Col. Wilson, Major Gardi-
ner was appointed colonel ; receiving his commission and being
mustered only the day before the battle in which he received
his death-wound. The circumstances connected with the
mortal wounding of Col. Gardiner are detailed in their prope'r
place. He lived until October 8, and is buried in Claremont.
His widow now resides in Croydon.

Col. Gardiner was a brilliant officer and a cultured man,
thoroughly understanding the duties of his position, and capa-
ble of leading his men to the highest achievements. One fact
is to be noticed. When Col. Gardiner took command of the
regiment, it was immediately improved in discipline ; and he
brought it up to its highest state of efficiency. He never
sought popularity in the Fourteenth, and did not appear to
care for it ; other commanders of less ability might have won
a stronger personal following, but from the first he thoroughly
identified himself with the regiment. As adjutant he was
equalled by few, excelled by none ; while his natural abilities
and military acquirements fully warranted his final promotion.
He had the success of his command ever on his heart, and in
that heart there was a tenderer spot than every one was able to
touch. Col. Gardiner, in his ability, influence, and rank, con-

CAPT. CHAFFIN. 233

tributecl largely to that record of the Fourteenth Regiment of
which its surviving members have every reason to be proud.

CAPT. W. H. CHAFFIN.

William Henry Chaffiti was born in Claremont, N.H., May
21, 1839. His parents, John and Delia O. Chaffin, gave him a
good common-school education. He entered Kimball Union
Academy in Meriden, N.H., from which he graduated in 1861.
While pursuing his studies he taught school, and proved a suc-
cessful teacher, while retaining his high standing in his class.
He entered the Norwich Military University, but, after remain-
ing there a year, left his studies to open a recruiting-office in
his native town, August, 1862. When the Fourteenth rendez-
voused at Concord, he was employed in drilling the recruits,
and was very zealous in disciplining them. Before the regi-
ment left Concord, S. M. Bugbee, captain of Company I, fell
sick ; and William H. Chaffin went to Washington in command
of the company, though without any commission.

Early in December Capt. Bugbee resigned, and he was ap-
pointed to fill the vacancy. Capt. Chaffin was distinguished
for his steady observance of duty under all circumstances, and
his untiring care for his men. He generally reported more men
fit for duty than the captain of any other company of the same
size. In cases of peculiar danger and responsibility, requiring
courage, coolness, and determination, Capt. Chaffin was often
selected as being eminently fitted for such duty. In the sum-
mer of 1863, he was sent to the front with a detachment of
sixty men to return some convalescents to their regiments.
While on the way, they overtook a large army-train of ammu-
nition-wagons that had been attacked by nearly two hundred
of Moseby's guerillas, disguised as Union soldiers. Capt.
Chaffin dispersed the guerillas, and recovered nearly all the
mules which they had driven off. During the voyage to New
Orleans in March, 1864, he was active and efficient in preserv-
ing discipline, and stimulating the men to courage and cheer-
fulness.

234 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Capt. Chaffin was acting lieutenant-colonel at the time of the
battle, by order of Col. Gardiner, and was aniODg the first who
fell, shot through, the head by a Mini-ball. He had a pre-
sentiment of his death, and just before the battle had sent
home a request that his body be not removed from the field
where he fell. He was twenty-six years of age, unmarried,
but left a mother and one brother to mourn his early death.
His father died soon after ; and the funeral sermon of both was
preached at the same time, in the Congregational Church in
Claremont, by Rev. E. W. Clark.

CAPT. W. A. POSGATE.

William A. Fosgate was born in Winchester, June 27, 1839;
and his residence remained there until his enlistment in the
Fourteenth. He excelled among his fellows in the public
schools, and his ambition took the wider range of liberal educa-
tion. March 20, 1856, he entered Fort Edward Institute, New
York, pursuing a four-years' course, and graduating, June 27,
1860. At the July commencement of that year, he entered
Wesleyan University. When he enlisted, August 15, 1862,
he was in his junior year. During collegiate vacations he
taught school in Hinsdale and Queensborough, N.Y.

While home on a furlough, January 30, 1864, he was mar-
ried to Miss Frances Hosmer of Fisherville. He left no chil-
dren. His widow remarried, and resides in Pallegio, Cal.
Capt. Fosgate entered the service as second lieutenant of Com-
pany F. He was promoted to be first lieutenant of Company H,
November 2, 1863, and to be captain of Company B, February
19, 1864. He was killed while leading his company in the first
part of the battle.

Capt. Fosgate was an active, able, and ambitious officer, aim-
ing for the highest excellence of military attainment. In the
company which he commanded at the time of his death, he had
the reputation of being a strict disciplinarian ; and his whole
conduct, while in the service, was calculated to elevate the
standard of discipline, and increase the efficiency of our organi-
zation.

LIEUT. PAUL. 235

LIEUT. H. S. PAUL.

Henry S. Paul was born in Claremont, N.H., April 17, 1840,
where he resided till, at the age of twenty-two, he enlisted in
Company I. For a number of years he was engaged, in com-
pany with his father, in the meat and provision trade. Having
bought out his father's interest, he carried on the business
alone till a few months previous to enlisting.

April 19, 1858, he married Miss Hattie E. Holden of Spring-
field, Vt., at her residence. Their only child, Walter Henry,
died before Lieut. Paul entered the army. He entered the ser-
vice as a sergeant. He was commissioned second lieutenant
of Company A, January 1, 186-1, and shortly afterwards was pro-
moted to be first lieutenant of the same company.

While the Fourteenth was stationed in Washington, in 1863
and 1864, Sergt. Paul was on detached duty at the Central
Guard-House. In command of Company A, he fell in the first
charge, severely wounded in the leg. A member of his com-
pany found him, helpless, upon the field ; and, taking him on
his back, was carrying him to the rear, when a Mini^-ball hit
the lieutenant in the head, killing him instantly; and he was
left by the side of a tree, near the old rail-fence. The enemy,
having taken possession of the field, advanced their line to this
point ; and, although his body was soon afterwards recovered,
the Rebels had stripped it of all valuables. Thus fell one of
the most promising officers in the regiment, at the early age of
twenty-four, greatly beloved by his men, as well as by a large
circle of friends at home. He was. buried on the field, near
where he fell, in a common grave with his former captain,
W. H. Chaffin, leaving a young wife to mourn his death. She
never recovered from this blow ; and, after ten years of afflic-
tion, she died, February 17, 1875.

LIEUT. J. A. FISKE.

Jesse A. Fiske, first lieutenant of Company E, was born in
Dublin, June 7, 1836. He was the only son of Hon. Thomas

236 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Fiske, who, for more than forty years, has held a prominent
place in all the business and political interests of the town.
His mother, Sophia (Appleton) Fiske, belongs to the Appleton
family whose name is prominent in eastern New England.

Lieut. Fiske was educated at the district and high schools of
his native town, at the seminary at Westminster, Vt., and at
Appleton Academy, New Ipswich. He taught school two terms
at Dublin, and, in the spring of 1859, went to Missouri, intend-
ing to open a school there, but, not finding an immediate open-
ing, spent some months in visiting and travelling in Missouri,
Indian Territory, and Arkansas. Late in that year, after recov-
ering from an attack of typhoid-fever which had prostrated him
for some time, he opened a school in Berryville, Ark., where he
met with success, introducing Northern methods and Northern
books, to a great extent. Nevertheless, Arkansas was an un-
comfortable place for a Yankee with anti-slavery proclivities ;
and Lieut. Fiske was obliged to keep his political opinions to
himself, thus insuring friendship and civil treatment. He re-
frained from discussing the peculiar condition of things about
him, in his letters home.

In 1860 he discovered the signs of the on-coming struggle,
and returned home. With the exception of teaching one term
of school in Walpole, N.H., he worked upon his father's farm
until he enlisted, August 9, 1862. Lieut. Fiske was buried in
the National Cemetery at Winchester, Va.

LIEUT. G. H. STONE.

George H. Stone was born in Marlborough, May 3, 1831 ; being
brought up as a boy on his father's farm, attending the district-
school until he was sixteen years old, when he went to the
high-school in Dublin, remaining there two terms. He com-
pleted his education at the academy in Claremont ; after which
he served an apprenticeship as a carpenter, working at his trade
successfully several years. May 12, 1859, he was married to
Miss Martha E. Piatt of Marlborough. They had one child,
who died in infancy.

LIEUT. COLBURN. 237

At the time Lieut. Stone entered the service, when thirty-
one years of age, he was engaged in manufacturing wooden-
ware, in Marlborough. He enlisted in Company C, in August,
1862, and entered the service as a sergeant. He was afterward
promoted to be second lieutenant of Company I ; and May
27, 1864, was again promoted to the first lieutenantcy of the
same company. In his earlier years he was loved for his affec-
tionate, cheerful, and obedient disposition ; and it is a gratifica-
tion to his friends to know that the same spirit which had en-
deared him to them in his boyhood was not marred or distorted
in later years.

Through all the hardships and varying circumstances of his
army service, even to the end, it was remarked by his comrades.
Lieut. Hadley testifies, that, when mortally wounded, he still
evinced great cheerfulness and patience, even indulging in little
pleasantries, though he lay on a bed from which he was never
to rise. He died September 25, in Winchester, six days after
receiving his wounds. His body is buried in Marlborough. He
left a widow, who was afterward married to Bradford Sherman,
and resides in Chicago, 111.

LIEUT. A. B. COLBURN.

Artemas B. Colburn was born in Fitzwilliam, August 1, 1838.
His parents were John Colburn and Lydia Beard, who were
married in 1825 ; and he was the youngest of six children.
The mother still survives, aged more than eighty. Artemas
received a good common-school and business education. He
was occupied on a farm and in a store until he entered the
army. In August, 1862, he enlisted from the town of Rich-
mond, his father's residence, in Company F, and entered the
service as a sergeant.

August 21 he married Lydia Mann of Richmond, they hav-
ing been playmates from childhood. Their married life, though
brief, was a happy one. In May, 1864, while the regiment was
in Louisiana, Sergt Colburn was promoted to be second lieu-
tenant of Company B, a well-deserved advancement.

238 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

*
He was in many respects a model soldier, and everywhere
was perfectly reliable. He was mortally wounded during the
first part of the battle, and survived until the next morning.
His last words were : " Give my love to my wife, and tell her
that I died in a good cause." He was buried on the field.
Facts of interest, connected with Lieut. Colburn's service, ap-
pear in other portions of this volume. He died childless. His
widow remarried in 1870, her present husband being C. C.
Holton of Hinsdale. The honorable service and heroic death
of Artemas B. Colburn pronounce his most eloquent eulogy.

LIEUT. M. S. WEBSTER.

Moulton S. Webster was born in the town of Sutton, Vt.,
October 9, 1823. While an infant his parents removed to Sand-
wich, which remained his home until he entered the service of
the government for the suppression of the Rebellion. He be-
came a mechanic, his occupation that of a carpenter and joiner.

In 1847 he married Miss Abby H. Ellsworth of Lowell,
Mass. ; and two children were born to them, one of whom, a son,
is now living in Lowell. Mrs. Webster died soon after the
birth of the second child. Lieut. Webster afterward married
Miss Mary A. Webster of Lowell. One son was born to them,
now living in Lawrence, Mass.

Lieut. Webster entered the service as second lieutenant of
Company K, and held that position until he was mortally
wounded. He was one of the oldest officers in the regiment ;
and lived longer, after being shot, than any other member of the
Fourteenth receiving a fatal wound, except A. C. Greenwood of
Company A. He was a faithful, conscientious officer, being
universally respected as a man. He died in North Sandwich,
October 31, 1864, and is there buried. His wife died nearly at
the same time.

SERGT. C. C. WILSON.

Charles Carroll Wilson was born in Sullivan, N.H., October
19, 1839. He graduated at Kimball Union Academy in 1859.

Capt. Wm. A. Fosgate.

Lieut. Jesse A. Fisk.

Capt. Wm. H. Chaffin.

Lieut. Henry S. Paul. A

Lieut. M. S. Webster.

Lieut. A. B. Colburn.

Officers killed at Opequon.

DIED IN BATTLE. 239

He followed the occupation of farming in his native town until
he enlisted, at the age of twenty-two years. He was a member
of Company A, and promoted to sergeant February 27, 1864.
He received a wound in the ankle which disabled him, and was
then bayoneted through the neck. His body is buried in the
National Cemetery in Winchester.

CORPL. M. ALLEN.

Moses Allen was born in Richmond in 1842, and was the son
of Quaker parents. He received a good common-school educa-
tion, and was a farmer and mechanic. He enlisted in Com-
pany F in August, 1862, entering the service as a private. He
was one of the first privates in the company promoted to be a
non-commissioned officer. He was one of those soldiers who
were valuable to the government because never absent from his
post of duty, always filling his place with intelligence and fidel-
ity. He lies buried in the National Cemetery.

CORPL. C. A. BALL.

Charles A. Ball was born in 1822, and was a resident of
Winchester when he enlisted in Company F, in August, 1862.
He had two sons, both of whom survive ; one of them serving
the full term in the same company with his father. Charles
entered the service as a private, but fairly earned his promotion
to a corporalcy, March 1, 1864. Corpl. Ball was an active,
ambitious soldier, showing a good deal of military aptitude, and
was always the life of his mess. He was on the color-guard,
and was the first man in the line-of-battle of the Fourteenth
who was struck. He was mortally wounded, but lived until
October 25, and was buried in the National Cemetery.

CORPL. O. STRAW.

Oceanus Straw was born in Sandwich, N.H., December 28,
1823. He was a farmer, and resided in Sandwich at the time
of his enlistment, August 14, 1862, in Company K, when he

240 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

was thirty-nine years of age. In Salem, Mass., he married Miss
Elizabeth Goodwin. They had two children, both of whom are
living. Corpl. Straw died in hospital, September 21, and is
buried in the National Cemetery in Winchester. He left a
widow who resides at Sandwich.

CORPL. G. W. HAZEN.

George W. Hazen of Company G was born in Princeton,
Mass., August 24, 1838. He resided in Dublin, N.H., where he
engaged in farming. He entered the service as a private, but
was appointed corporal February 27, 1864. Corp. Hazen was
a faithful soldier, and was instantly killed by a Minie-ball pass-
ing through his neck, while gallantly bearing the State colors.
He was twenty-seven years of age, and unmarried. His body
is buried in Winchester, his friends failing in their attempts to
secure it.

N. B. WYMAN.

Nathaniel B. Wyman was born in Wardsboro', Vt., Septem-
ber 10, 1842. In 1854 he moved to Hinsdale, where he resided
being employed in the woollen-mill there until he enlisted
in Company A, August 11, 1862, being not quite twenty years
of age. He was not married. His body was buried in the
National Cemetery at Winchester, Va.

S. H. YOUNG.

Sidney H. Young was born in Rochester, N.H.in September,
1838, and lived in that vicinity until the fall of 1853, when he
went to Rockford, 111. Here he continued his occupation of-
farming for a few months, then suddenly disappeared ; his
friends hearing nothing from him until 1860, when he wrote
to them from New Orleans. He was conscripted into the
Rebel army in the summer of 1861, and served until June,
1862, when he deserted to the Union forces, falling in with the
Pennsylvania Bucktails. He afterward came North, and en-
listed in Company A of this regiment, August 14, 1862. He is
buried in the National Cemetery at Winchester.

ROLL OF HONOR. 241

A. C. GREENWOOD.

Albert C. Greenwood, of Company A, was born in Dublin,
N.H., July 25, 1842 ; receiving his education in the district and
high schools of that town, which was his residence at the time
of his enlistment. He was a farmer, and unmarried. Though
mortally wounded, he lived nearly three months and a half
after the battle, dying in Taylor House Hospital, Winchester,
December 23. In a letter written home a few days before his
death, he said, " My system has become quite debilitated, and
my appetite has almost' left me at times; yet I have not lost all
courage or hopes of recovery, and still trust that I may, if the
good Lord is willing, reach home and see you all." The letter
was finished by a comrade who assisted in caring for him, and
who wrote concerning young Greenwood : " I do not believe
there could be a more patient sufferer found. I feel so sorry
for him. He is such a kind and good-hearted soldier that I have
a great interest in his welfare." His body was buried on the
battle-field, but afterward removed to Dublin.

G. L. WETHERBEE.

George L. Wetherbee was born August 28, 1836, in Middle-
town, Conn. April 29, 1860, he was married to Miss Rosilla
Wyman, and resided in Walpole, N.H., Avhere he was employed
in farming. He enlisted in Company B, and proved a faithful
soldier and helpful comrade. He received a shot in the body,
but bravely struggled on until another struck him in the head,
when he instantly dropped dead. He was twenty-eight years of
age, and left a widow, who remarried, and is living in Keene,
N.H. He had no children. His body is buried in Winchester.

L. E. BENT.

Elmer Bent was born in the town of Winchester, November
25, 1841, where he resided most of the time until his enlist-
ment. He attended the public schools in that town, and was a

242 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

farmer and mechanic. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Company
F, and served with the regiment constantly and faithfully until
his death. He was in his place, in the front rank, when mor-
tally wounded; being struck among the first during the first
charge, when a little more than one third across the open field.
He lived some days after the battle, and was buried in the Na-
tional Cemetery. He was nearly twenty-three years of age, and
unmarried.

W. A. SCOTT.

Walter A. Scott was born in Richmond in 1842, and was the
son of John Scott. He received a good common-school educa-
tion, and was a mechanic ; his home being with his parents until
his enlistment in Company F, in August, 1862. His brother-in-
law, Capt. David Buffum, entered the service at the same time,
commanding a company in the Sixteenth Regiment. Walter
was one of the best penmen in the Fourteenth. He was in-
stantly killed, dying while charging upon the enemy. He was
unmarried. His body lies with those of his comrades in the
National Cemetery.

O. A. BARRUS.

Otis A. Barrus was born in Richmond in 1843. His parents
were Alvan and Emily Barrus, who resided in Richmond. He
resided with his parents until he entered the service, August 1,
1864, and was assigned to Company H. He was not married.
Possessed of good qualities, and having received an excellent
education, being a fine mathematician, he was a young man of
much promise. The circumstances of his death were peculiarly
sad. He was a recruit, and was with his regiment less than
two days when he was killed. He stood well to his duty, and
died as bravely as his veteran comrades. He was buried in the
National Cemetery.

HARRISON ATWOOD.

Harrison Atwood was born in Gray, Me., July 11, 1836. He
was occupied in farming in Sandwich, N.H., where he resided

ROLL OF HONOR. 213

until enlistment. On the 8th of April, 1858, he married
Augusta A. Batchelder. They had three children, two sons
and a daughter, all of whom are now living. He left a widow,
who lives in North Sandwich. Mr. Atwood belonged to Com-
pany K, died of wounds nine days after the battle, and was
buried in the National Cemetery at Winchester, Va. He was
twenty-eight years old at the time of his death.

LUCIUS PARKER.

Lucius Parker was born in Nelson, N.H., August 30, 1826,
where he resided until his enlistment. He was a farmer, and
was not married. He was thirty-eight years old at the time of
his death, and a member of Company G. His body is buried in
the National Cemetery, Winchester, Va.

CONRAD WEBBER.

Conrad Webber was born in Switzerland in 1807, and served
in the Swiss army, receiving a ball in his arm, which he carried
through life. He came to America in the winter of 1852, and
settled in Stoddard, where he lived until entering the Union
army. He was married, and had three children, one son and
two daughters. The son was a member of the Second Regi-
ment, N. H. Volunteers, and died in Virginia. The daughters
are both living. Conrad Webber enlisted in Company G, and
died in the Rebel prison at Salisbury, N.C., December 14, 1864,
of intermittent fever. His wife never recovered from the shock
of his death, and survived him only three years, dying in the
insane-asylum in Concord.

As showing the conspicuous part which the Fourteenth bore
in the battle of the Opequan, it may be interesting to note its
proportionate loss.

The regiment formed about one-sixtieth of Sheridan's army,

244 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

while it lost more than one-fifteenth of the killed. It is clear
enough from the official figures, and terribly clear in the minds
of the fortunate surviving veterans, that the Fourteenth was in
the very hottest of that desperate struggle.

The above grand roll of honor proves that the Fourteenth
brought to the altar a sacrifice as noble and costly as it was in
its power to offer for the preservation of its country's integrity
and for the honor of that flag which the regiment never sullied.
So far as human judgment can pronounce, among the living
there were as good men and as true ; but there were none better
than those who fell in that grand shock of battle, a field they
helped to win.

To relieve the painful gloominess engendered by the above
recital of bereavement, scarcely any thing can be offered more
amusing than the statements and comments of Jubal Early con-
cerning the engagement. Every Union soldier knows in what
an utter rout and disintegrated mob Sheridan sent the Rebel
host " whirling through Winchester," after those last heights
were carried, just before six o'clock on the evening of the 19th.
Let us see, then, how Early glosses over that stampede, and
pictures an orderly and dignified retreat. He thus describes
the Rebel movements after the final charge :

" Ramseur's division, which maintained its organization, was moved on
the east of the town on the south side of it, and put in position, forming the
basis for a new line ; while the other troops moved back through the town.
Wickham's brigade, with some pieces of horse-artillery, on Fort Hill, cov-
ered this movement, and checked the pursuit of the enemy's cavalry. When
the new line was formed, the enemy's advance was checked until nightfall;
and we then retired to Newtown without serious molestation. Lorn ax had
held the enemy's cavalry in check on the Front Royal pike, and a feeble
attempt at pursuit was repulsed by Ramseur near Kernstown."

Gen. Early, in penning this and other paragraphs quoted,
must have labored under the strong delusion of intoxication, or
he has wilfully falsified in his statements of fact. He consoles
himself as follows :

" We deserved the victory, and would have had it but for the enemy's
immense superiority iu cavalry, which alone gave it to him."

THE COUNTRY'S VERDICT. 245

He further belittles the victory and disparages Sheridan in a
characteristic manner, as follows :

"As it was, considering' the immense disparity in numbers and equip-
ment, the enemy had very little to boast of . . . . A skilful and energetic
commander of the enemy's forces would have crushed Ramseur before any
assistance could have reached him, and thus insured the destruction of my
whole force. . . . When I look back to this battle, I can but attribute my
escape from utter annihilation to the incapacity of my opponent. ... I
have always thought, that, instead of being promoted, Sheridan ought to
have been cashiered for this battle."

The fact was, that Early well understood his opponent's
strength, his spies constantly mingled with our troops, he
had under his command the very flower of the Rebel army,
familiar with every Valley manoeuvre, and he chose to risk a
battle.

The following congratulatory despatches were received at
headquarters :

From President Lincoln :

"I have just heard of your great victory. God bless you all, officers and
men. Strongly inclined to come up and see you."

From Lieut.-Gen. Grant:

" I have just received the news of your great victory, and ordered each of
the Army Corps to fire a salute of one hundred guns in honor of it at seven
o'clock to-morrow morning. If practicable, push your success, and make all
you can of it."

From Secretary Stanton :

" Please accept for yourself and your gallant army the thanks of the Presi-
dent and the Department for your great battle and brilliant victory of yes-
terday. The President has appointed you a brigadier-general in the Regular
Army, and you have been assigned to the permanent command of the Mid-
dle Military Division. One hundred guns were fired here at noon to-day in
honor of your victory. ' '

From Sherman to Stanton :

" Magnificent from Gen. Sheridan, and his success will have an effect all
over the country. ... I sent copies of your despatch about Sheridan to
Gen. Hood, with my compliments; but I know it does not afford 'comfort
to the enemy.' "

246 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

From Sherman to Grant:

" I beg you to give my personal congratulations to Sheridan, and my ear-
nest hope that he will push Early back on Lynchburg."

From Grant to Sheridan :

" I congratulate you and the army serving under you for the great victory
just achieved. It has been most opportune in point of time and effect. It
will open again to the government and the public the very important line of
road from Baltimore to the Ohio River, and also the Chesapeake Canal.
Better still, it wipes out much of the stain upon our arms by previous disas-
ters in that locality. May your good work continue is now the prayer of all
loyal men."

The Fourteenth drew five days' rations previous to the bat-
tle ; and many of the men came out of the fight with no haver-
sacks at all, while others had to throw away provisions in the
desperation of conflict. Those who had rations generously
shared them with their more unfortunate comrades, but there
was a small allowance at the best.

Early on the morning of the 20th the victorious army moved
up the Valley at a smart pace, the cavalry having pressed on
ahead of the infantry. Early had gone back to Fisher's Hill,
and occupied his old position ; his line extending from the Shen-
andoah to Little North Mountain, the divisions being from right
to left: Wharton's, Gordon's, Ramseur's, and Rodes's ; Col.
Pegram filling Ramseur's old place, the latter taking Rodes's
division. Lomax headed the Rebel cavalry in the Luray Val-
ley, Early expecting a flank movement.

On the evening of the 20th the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps
were camped on the heights of Strasburg ; the Fourteenth Regi-
ment being stationed in an undulating field to the left of the
pike. Sheridan had already resolved to attack the enemy im-
mediately, and had determined on his plan.

Fisher's Hill was practically impregnable to any direct as-
sault. Sheridan proposed to turn Early's left flank, a most
difficult achievement, and one which Early manifestly never
dreamed of as possible. In the Rebel chieftain's astonishing
fulminafion, from which we have quoted, he declares that the

jy flp

* *\ Ij

'&&S

FISHERS
HILL

ML/oryp pro co sosrc*

FLANK MOVEMENT OF CROOK. 247

position lias many weak points ; but a conclusive proof that he
never discovered those weak points until Sheridan's masterly
strategy turned his defiant host into a panic-stricken, flying
mob, is seen in the fact that his ammunition-boxes were re-
moved from the caissons, and placed behind the breastworks.
Sheridan was to attempt to move Crook over Little North
Mountain, and hurl him on Early's left flank when he was well
occupied with an attack in front. The Rebels in the Valley
were not used to any such audacious and well-calculated ma-
noeuvring.

Two or three of the Fourteenth boys, on the evening of the
20th, succeeded in getting a few lines into a departing mail,
which carried the first authentic notice to the Granite Hills of
the losses suffered the day before.

The Fourteenth lay quiet until the afternoon of the 21st,
when it was moved by the right flank to a ridge on the right of
the pike, where Sheridan was manoeuvring for position.

Crook first took position north of Cedar Creek. The Rebels
had a signal station on Three-Top Mountain, overlooking every
rod of the Union line.

On the night of the 20th, Crook was concealed in a long piece
of timber, where he staid all day of the 21st. That night he
was marched to another piece of timber, near Strasburg; and the
next morning he moved to, and massed in, the timber near Lit-
tle North Mountain.

In moving Wright and Emory, on the 21st, up in front of the
Rebel line, a severe fight was borne by Getty's and Rickett's
divisions of the Sixth Corps against a Rebel force holding Flint's
Hill, in advance of their main position. Meanwhile Torbert,
with Wilson's and Merritt's cavalry, had been sent up the
Luray Valley to clear that section, and come into the main val-
ley behind the enemy after they were beaten at Fisher's Hill.

On the morning of the 22d the Fourteenth advanced a mile
nearer to the enemy, and lay behind some woods all day. The
meaning of that move was, that the Sixth and Nineteenth Corps
were being massed in front of the enemy's left centre. After
Crook had reached the position assigned, Rickett's division of

248 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

the Sixth Corps was advanced in front of the enemy's left cen-
tre; Averill going in on Rickett's front, and driving in the Rebel
skirmish-line. The Rebel signal-officer on Three-Top saw the
whole manoeuvre, and supposed it was Sheridan's turning col-
umn. Early was informed, and made arrangements accordingly ;
while Crook, unobserved and unsuspected, was working into
the enemy's rear on the other side of the mountain.

While Early was amused by Sheridan's neat device, Crook
was ready to strike consternation into the Rebel host. Early
must have been clad in one of his humorous moods when he
styles this battle as "the affair at Fisher's Hill," as though it
scarcely amounted to a skirmish ; and again, when he says of
his intentions previous to the fight : " Orders were given for my
troops to retire after dark, as I knew my force was not strong
enough to meet a determined assault." It is evident, as stated
above, that the Rebel commander did consider himself in an
impregnable position ; and he planted himself there to stay until
he had whipped Sheridan. As we remember it, his troops did
"retire;" but a further draft on our memory places it at a little
before " dark."

It was a little after four o'clock in the afternoon that the
Nineteenth Corps deployed from the woods into line-of-battle,
in full view of the enemy's position, and right under his guns.

The Fourteenth formed nearlyon the edge of the bluff, which
descends, in a rocky precipice, to the pike running from Stras-
burg straight to the stone bridge (see illustration), and to the
very foot of Fisher's Hill, where it winds through a gorge up to
the heights beyond the crest. The elevated and uneven rocky
plateau has a considerable trend downward to Tumbling Run,
running along the foot of the heights on which the Rebel bat-
teries were planted, additional intrenchments hiding their in-
fantry.

To the left, and on the meadows below, traversed by the ser-
pentine course of the Shenandoah, a portion of the Sixth Corps
was advancing to charge those perpendicular heights; while the
Nineteenth Corps must first descend that fearfully exposed in-
cline before its columns would beat against a position almost
impossible to carry.

CHARGING THE HE I GUTS. 249

The Fourteenth formed its line-of-battle under fire. It was
no novelty now : the boys knew what fighting meant, and they
closed up with that wonderful tenacity of "elbow touch " which
so welded them together at the Opequan. We were afraid of
the shells : and, when the order to advance on those belching
cannon, gaping with the leer of demons down upon us, was
given, there was a decidedly uncomfortable feeling throughout
the ranks ; but every man stood square to the work. If there
was any place for cowards, there happily was no room for skulk-
ers ; there was no opportunity for a hasty appeal to the surgeon
on a sudden attack of acute ailment : we were in the battle be-
fore any body in the Regiment dreamed there was to be any
fighting that day.

The sight, when the battle of Fisher's Hill fairly opened, was
magnificent, if it was terrible. The Fourteenth left the woods,
and faced the enemy's heights about one thousand yards from
the guns. The Rebel batteries were posted on three ridges,
somewhat elevated above the general heights, which extend
across the valley. On the right bluff of their position were six
guns; on the middle, or " bald-top," fifteen guns; and to the
left, nearest to Little North Mountain, eleven guns.

As soon as the Union columns began their advance, every
gun opened, and we were within easy range. They expected
that Sheridan was marching to a desperate assault. Down the
incline, in splendid array, the Nineteenth Corps went slowly,
but with an ominous swing of step that meant desperate work
when the time should come.

One third of the distance was traversed by the Fourteenth.
Up there on those cruel heights we saw the Rebel gunners at
the liveliest sort of work. They were getting the range with
fearful accuracy. In ten minutes more the carnage must be
appalling ; but no Rebel watch-dial was ever to mark that ten
minutes.

Capt. Tolman was just giving cautions for preserving the
splendid line which the Fourteenth was showing in its advance,
when we heard a strange cheer. We had heard that shout once
before from the Rebel position : it was on the field of the Ope-
quan, at five o'clock.

250 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

What could it mean?

" There is a Union flag on that gun! I see it!"

Yes : away up there, on those unattainable heights, on that
Rebel cannon in the left group of guns, stood one of Crook's
color-bearers, waving that resplendent banner with thirty-four
stars upon it, signalling to a triumphant army, that, while it
was marching up to death in front, victory had been won in
the rear.

Let no civilian attempt to imagine the glad impulse which
surged through the ranks. It was, to start for those heights on
the dead run.

" Steady ! steady, men ! " from our commander, Tolman, held
every man tohis place ; and still we marched on in line-of-battle
to the charge.

For a few minutes longer the enemy's guns farther to the
right kept up the fire, but it was useless.

Crook had struck, and his blow was as irresistible as a thun-
derbolt. Had the mountain itself yawned, and out of the
caverns of the pit had surged legions of demon foes, or had the
angelic hosts of heaven descended to the attack, Early's troops
could hardly have been more astonished.

The Rebel generals made superhuman efforts to escape from
the disaster. Ramseur tried to throw his brigades to the left ;
Pegram was appealed to, and Wharton ordered up, so Early
says. He praises the coolness of his cannoneers, but his infan-
try ran like frightened sheep, and they had good reason. They
supposed that a heavy Union force had come down the valley,
and fallen upon their rear, cutting off all retreat.

They started for the river away to their right, and endeav-
ored to escape by fording the Shenandoah, and getting into the
mountains. By this mistake of the Johnnies, our cavalry cap-
tured most of the prisoners taken. The way to the rear was
pretty much open when the Rebel line first broke and fled.

The stampede on the left was in full view of the Fourteenth,
and was a most edifying spectacle.

As soon as the guns on the heights were all silenced, and the
enemy had abandoned its lines, the Fourteenth moved by the

THE STONE BRIDGE

A GLORIOUS VICTORY. 251

flank down to the foot of the mountain, filed over the stone
bridge, and marched up the pike through the gorge to the emi-
nence in rear of the heights just held by Early's army.

We had captured more than one-third of all his cannon, be-
sides a large quantity of other arras and material of war.

It was in Sheridan's plan to capture the Rebel army entire;
and, had the movement of our cavalry up the Luray valley been
successful, so as to reach the valley at Newmarket ahead of
Early, the object would doubtless have been accomplished.

The following order was sent by Secretary Stanton to the
commander of every army-corps in the country : " On receipt
of this order you will cause a national salute of one hundred
guns to be fired in honor of the great victory achieved by
Major-Gen. Sheridan, and the United-States forces under his
command, over the Rebel forces under Gen. Early, on the 22d
instant, at Fisher's Hill."

The following is one of Early's characteristic comments : " If
Sheridan had not had subordinates of more ability and energy
than himself, I should probably have had to write a different
history of my Valley campaign."

Can any veteran of the Fourteenth forget the performance
which directly followed Fisher's Hill ? For an hour after the
heights were carried, there was a lull and a rest ; although the
troops were all the while slowly moving beyond the heights,
massing, and waiting for the next move. Never was an army
happier. It was the glad re-action from a terrible strain. The
whole army was, for an hour, a mighty pack of well-disciplined
boys. Ranks were kept, and perfect order preserved ; but the
boys did shout and yell and strain their throats as soldiers can
when each man tries to outdo his neighbor. Every regiment
cheered every other regiment that it passed. They roared and
bellowed and whooped ; and every man of us was away inside
the truth when he declared, that he " never yelled so in all his
life."

No yawning battle-field graves that night for the Fourteenth
Regiment. Not one of our beloved stark and cold, or maimed
and dying, and but two wounded ; though many had fallen in

252 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

other battalions. Yet a great victory was gained, and the army-
was once more to pursue a beaten foe. It was dark when orders
came for the first brigade of Grover's division to take the ad-
vance, and chase the enemy all night without giving him time
to rest.

Early declares that "vigorous pursuit was not made;." but
the Fourteenth, which was in the very front all that night,
would like to have Early give an apple-jack definition of "vigor-
ous." The Rebel general manifested a good deal of vigor in
running, and was obliged to burn many of his wagons to keep
them from falling into our hands, and then he failed.

Under ordinary circumstances the men would have consid-
ered this forced, all-night march as a rough infliction ; but never
did soldiers set out upon arduous service with more alacrity.

After the first two hours the prevailing hilarity settled down
into quiet merriment; and the Fourteenth led the pursuing col-
umn at a good smart pace, singing, whistling, and bantering
jokes at the expense of the flying Johnnies. The Eighth Corps
was well to the rear, having been obliged to march back to
Strasburg for their knapsacks.

A little after midnight, as the column was marching down
a hill into a hollow, through which and across the pike ran a
good-sized stream, and beyond which rose the corresponding
hill, suddenly a stream of fire a quarter of a mile long flashed
along the opposite hillside, and the rattle of musketry followed.
The bullets flew thick about us. The writer cocked his rifle,
backed up the hill a couple of rods, and lay down. All was
confusion. The Fourteenth behaved well, simply recoiling, not
retreating at all, nor firing, save in a few instances, but
waiting for orders. It was pitch dark, and no one could deter-
mine the strength of the demonstration.

A regiment in the rear of the Fourteenth was bound to do
some killing, and didn't seem to be over-nice in the choice of a
target. We were in more danger from Union muskets in the
rear than from the enemy. As soon as possible a line-of-battle
was formed across the pike ; Capt. Ripley showing great cool-
ness, and rendering efficient service in restoring order.

A MIDNIGHT AMBUSH. 253

The Fourteenth formed in line to the right of the pike, a
New- York regiment being about ten rods in front. Just as the
line-of-battle was well formed, the enemy opened upon us with
two field-pieces from the opposite hill ; but they mostly shot
wide of the mark, though one shell struck directly in front of
the Fourteenth's colors, and just in rear of the New- York boys.
But few shells were thrown. A Union skirmish-line was ad-
vanced ; and the army slowly moved forward in the darkness, in
line-of-battle. Early had accomplished his purpose. We were
pressing him sore. He threw out a skirmish-line to the rear,
planted two guns on a hillock, delayed the pursuing column for
two hours, and gained precious time. No further disturbance
marked the night's race ; the Union troops soon filing from line
to flank movement, and jogging on as rapidly as they could be
pressed.

Lieut. W. H. Sargent of Company D was captured by the
Rebels, at the battle of the Opequan, and in company with about
twenty officers and three hundred other prisoners of war, was
still under guard just before the battle of Fisher's Hill ; the
Rebel army being encamped at Tom's Run, about twenty-five
miles from Winchester. Late in the afternoon of September
22, couriers came into the camp, announcing the progress of a
disastrous fight. In consequence of this information, the pris-
oners were hastily marched off under guard, stopping only for a
short rest shortly before daybreak. Before resuming the march,
some of the prisoners, among them Lieut. Sargent, were allowed
to go to the bank of the brook beside which they had halted, to
drink and wash. Sargent noticed a narrow ditch running at
right angles with the brook, and, taking advantage of a moment-
ary inattention of the guard, concealed himself in it, with the
assistance of a fellow-prisoner. He was not missed, and his
tired and hungry comrades moved on without him. Here he
lay until ten o'clock, not daring to change his position ; for hun-
dreds of Rebel soldiers were halting to bathe in the stream
within a few feet of his hiding-place, and some of them standing
so near that they seemed to be looking directly into his face as

254 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

lie lay upon his back. Gen. Breckinridge rode into the stream
close by his feet, to water his horse. Gen. Gordon's division
was the last to pass, and he could hear the noise of the skirmish-
ing which the Union cavalry was carrying on with their rear.
After waiting for some time after the last Rebel had disappeared,
Lieut. Sargent left his concealment, and looked about him to
determine the course of his flight. Across the brook was a
highway; beyond this was a field of sugar-cane, then a strip of
woods, and, still farther, a wooded mountain. Deciding to
reach the mountain if possible, he removed his blouse, in order
that the shoulder-straps might not betray him, and crossed the
brook to the road : when two mounted Rebel officers came in
sight round a turn in the road. He crossed the road, and was
just getting over the fence, when one of them asked him what
division he belonged to. " Gordon's," replied Sargent, hoping
they would take him to be a Rebel; but the officer ordered him
to halt, at the same time taking aim at him with his rifle. Sar-
gent was in the cane-brake before he could fire, and, soon enter-
ing the woods, found it to be only a narrow strip bordering a
large river ; on the other side of which was a wide interval, to
be crossed before the mountain could be gained. Knowing that
his only hope of escape was in hiding in the river, he plunged
in; coming up under some driftwood about twenty rods from
the bank. Raising his head above the surface, he saw the two
Rebels at different points on the bank, looking for him ; and,
diving again to get farther away, he was observed by one of
them, and obliged to come out, and, at the village of Mount
Jackson, was turned over to the provost-guard. That after-
noon a Union shell exploded in the house where he was quar-
tered, creating great destruction, and causing the Rebels to
seek safer quarters. He was finally taken to Libby Prison,
where he was soon after paroled.

A difficulty had arisen, and every mile of march was increas-
ing it. The men had drawn no rations since the day before
Opequan battle: there was nothing left to subsist upon; and
the army was running away from its supply-train, which was
coming up from the rear. A halt was inevitable.

AN EXHILARATING CHASE. 255

At four A.M. Woodstock was reached by the Union advance.
The column filed into a field beyond the town, stacked arms,
and waited for the supply-train. The men were so weary that
most of them slept until ten o'clock, like logs. The long train,
with its din and racket, rolled by within a few feet, and never
roused us.

That morning Early got his shattered army those who had
not made for the mountains or been captured back to Mount
Jackson; and just beyond, on Rude's Hill, he made a stand.
He had a hospital and stores at Mount Jackson, which he deter-
mined to save. Sheridan's cavalry made an attempt to outflank
him on his right: but Averill did not arrive as expected; and,
after pushing him some on the front, the cavalry desisted, and
waited for the infantry.

Early improved his time, and considerably re-organized his
army ; setting it in motion southward on the morning of the
24th, but leaving a strong rearguard on Rude's Hill, intrenched
to withstand the Union advance. About ten o'clock the Four-
teenth reached Mount Jackson ; and there on the heights, just
beyond the ruins of a splendid railroad-bridge whose track ran
one hundred and twenty feet above the river-bed, was the
enemy, advantageously posted. The stream was the North
Fork of the Shenandoah, which here enters the Valley from the
west. Every Fourteenth boy will remember the wide detour
to the right, and wading of the river up to our waists. Early
got a good deal of cursing for compelling the men to suffer that
wetting : it wasn't kind in the Rebel hero.

When we got around in front of the enemy's position, he
wasn't there. The day was memorable in Valley tactics. We
had the enemy well in view from every eminence all day. At
every available point Early would turn, and show fight with his
rearguard, while his main army hurried on. That rearguard
surely did well. On every prominent hill-crest during the day
one of Sheridan's batteries would shell the retreating foe until
out of range ; when it would limber up, gallop ahead to another
rise, and repeat the entertainment.

The infantry marched by the flank in brigade columns so dis-

256 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

tanced as to be able to swing into line-of-battle in five minutes
at any time. Several times that day, " On the right into line ! '
was the order; and then a splendid spectacle was presented as
two or three lines of battle suddenly formed away across the
valley, to break into column again when the enemy retired.

The first brigade was away on the right of the army, march-
ing farthest from the pike, along the hillsides, and so had the
best opportunity for observing the manoeuvres of the day with-
out being obliged so often to deploy.

It was Sheridan's intention to bring on an engagement, but
he could not tempt Early. The latter was evidently disgusted
with Sheridan's style of fighting. Just before sunset Early
says that he determined to resist any further pursuit, so that
his wagons could escape on the Port Republic road. He planted
his batteries, formed in line, but says that Sheridan went into
camp out of range. The fact is, Sheridan's cavalry under
Powell had, on the morning of the 24th, badly defeated Lomax
on the Rebel left, crowded round in his rear by the back road,
and gained the Valley pike.

Early could not retreat up the Valley through Harrisonburg.
He must turn to the left and east on the Port Republic road.
Sheridan went into camp that night six miles south of New-
market ; and in the night Early made another precipitate run,
stopping beyond Port Republic. Wickham arrived at New-
market Gap just too late to re-enforce Early, and had to proceed
farther up the Luray.

We have seen that Sheridan's cavalry in the Luray arrived
at Newmarket too late to get in rear of the enemy. At this
time Early was re-enforced by Kershaw's division.

The Union infantry kept on>up the Valley pike, the Four-
teenth reaching Harrisonburg on the 25th.

The next day the Sixth and Nineteenth advanced to Mount
Crawford, seven miles, and there halted to sustain the various
and rapid cavalry movements which Sheridan put in execution.
Crook remained somewhat to the rear to await developments.
The same day Merritt's cavalry moved to Port Republic, and
Torbert's to Staunton and Waynesborough, to destroy Rebel
stores and communications. All mills were to be burned.

A LIVELY PROVOST-MARSHAL. 257

During eacli of these movements there was considerable
fighting; our cavalry being forced to retire after having accom-
plished, for the most part, their purposes. At this time Early
appears to have shown great vigor and good generalship.

Mount Crawford was the southern limit reached by the
Union infantry, where it remained until October 1.

The Fourteenth Regiment, however, made a short stop there,
remaining only one hour, then marching back to Harrisonburg,
where it was assigned to provost-duty, performing the same until
the army retired down the Valley.

Capt. T. A. Ripley was relieved from duty on Gen. Birge's
staff, and appointed provost-marshal of Harrisonburg. He
also assumed command of the Fourteenth; being the senior of
Capt. Tolman, who, in the absence of all field-officers, had
commanded the regiment since the close of the battle of the
Opequan. ,

It is moderate to affirm that provost-duty in Harrisonburg
was performed pretty efficiently. All Rebel suspects were made
to play the liveliest antics. Few spots of concealment escaped
the Argus eye and remarkable activity of the provost-marshal.
It was the most uncomfortable spot in the entire so-called Con-
federacy for any man or woman who had any more property
in store than he or she could clearly account for. One confis-
cation consisted of three webs of cotton cloth. But even our
fertile-minded provost-marshal was in a quandary how to dis-
pose of the captured cloth. It was finally issued to the men in
three-quarter-yard strips. The recipients were more amused
than benefited by this novel " ration " of cotton cloth.

During the few days of its stay in Harrisonburg, the Four-
teenth enjoyed life, and had a good time generally.

October 1 Merritt re-occupied Port Republic ; the Sixth and
Nineteenth Corps moved back to Harrisonburg ; while Early held
a strong position in Brown's Gap in the Blue Ridge, he being
within supporting distance of Lee.

On the 5th Early was re-enforced by Rosser's brigade of
cavalry ; and with fresh artillery, and Kershaw's infantry, he
was stronger than when he first moved down the Valley.

258 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

FORAGING.

The word "foraging," as used by the Union volunteer, was
an exceedingly elastic and comprehensive term. If any unso-
phisticated civilian imagines that the bummer element of the
army monopolized that short cut between demand and supply
denominated "foraging," he will learn his error by a most
casual peep behind the scenes. In fact, foraging, like charity,
covers a multitude of sins: and not merely the flagrant, vulgar
category of " scooping-in " sins crept under the convenient
mantle ; but high-toned transgressions, of euphemistic designa-
tions, fraternized with the antics of the rank and file, and it
was all foraging. Gen. Sherman, in his report on the " March
to the Sea," thus naively discusses this feature of that celebrated
campaign :

" A little loose in foraging, they ' did some things they ought not to have
done : ' yet, on the whole, they have supplied the wants of the army with as
little violence as could be expected, and as little loss as I calculated. "

Probably the other side would hardly characterize the freaks
of Sherman's bummers as " a little loose foraging ; " but, by
the practices of all nations at war in modern times, the Rebel
inhabitants of Georgia, and, indeed, of the entire South, had no
cause for complaint. There were isolated instances of entirely
unauthorized and wanton destruction of valuable property and
family keepsakes ; there was some marauding which brought
the blush of shame to every honorable volunteer's cheek : but
these were rare cases and plain exceptions. Scarcely one gross
outrage can be alleged against that mighty host which contented
itself with being a conquering army when there was much
excuse for whirling through, the South a besom of destruction.
Let those who magnify single instances of apparent wantonness
remember, that, while the high-minded Union veteran depre-
cated all such ventures, a terrible provocation existed when
Rebel women lured the boys in blue into ambuscades and death-
traps, and soldiers were shot down from the windows of private
houses by Rebel citizens having no visible connection with any
army.

HEN-ROOST TACTICS. 259

Training in the school of the forager often preceded any drill
in the school of the soldier. The average battalion showed a
proficiency in rallying round a hen-roost or aligning on a rail-
fence, quite equal to its early alacrity in rallying round the liag
or its ability to handsomely dress on the color-line. No obnox-
ious imputation can be inferred from this remark, for no coward
in battle was ever famous for pig-chasing ; while the converse
was true, that the regiments most noted for sensing the true
inwardness of the commissary resources of any region blessed
by their presence were the reliable ones for a brilliant onset or
defensive steadiness. Levying subsistence from the enemy was
a military duty, requiring no compulsion for its faithful per-
formance. The boys showed a remarkable facility in this
department of strategy, and displayed a truly wonderful inge-
nuity of resource and adaptation of means to ends. The tradi-
tions of boyhood watermelon-essays doubtless rounded out the
broad culture of our boys in the art of campaign gastronomies.
When one of the companies of the Fourteenth Regiment
started for the general camp in Concord, the excursion was
enlivened by a bountiful and delicious lunch served through
the train ; and thereby hangs a tale. Praise was lavished with-
out stint upon the generous, public-spirited man who con-
tributed the immense hampers of roast chicken. But when the
benevolent gentleman, who "contributed" so extensively to
this refreshment, inspected his depleted hen-roost, he was
busied with other than patriotic sentiments. He was of that
sort of public nuisance which always carves its opinion on the
body of a town-meeting, and he invariably opposed appropria-
tions on economic grounds. But when he made an obnoxious
speech against paying town-bounties to the soldiers enlisting to
fill the town's quota in August, 1862, there insinuated itself
into even his obtuseness the conviction that somebody had
made a mistake.

One beautiful midnight, with a full moon, just before the
recruits were to depart for the Concord rendezvous, this bounty-
saving citizen was aroused by two travellers. He responded so
immediately that the item of clothing beyond a shirt was a

260 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

matter of no consequence. There were some other accessories
of an approaching tableau not worth mentioning, such as the
circumstance that there were twenty less chickens on this emi-
nent citizen's roosts than there were twenty minutes earlier;
also that twenty men the number twenty was a significant
number that night lay very low behind the paling, within
twenty feet of that front door in which stood the shivering
patriot ; further, that an adjacent cucumber-patch had just
previously been scoured by the aforesaid gallant twenty plus
two. It must be considered as curiously unfortunate that the
cucumber-patch yielded, on the night in question, a remarkable
harvest of rotten fruit, just in that condition of ripeness to fur-
nish a brave soldier with excellent material for hand-grenade
practice. One other circumstance was most singular. A mag-
nificent American eagle, roosting on the gable of a private
mansion at midnight, in the midst of our great war, must have
been considered a significant omen ; and it was so regarded by
the squad of heroes aforesaid, for two of the men were detailed
to invite the sleeping economist to come out and view the
national bird.

Our victim has always averred that he saw no eagle ; but the
conditions were not favorable for accurate observation, even
with an eagle on the gable, though the occasion was for him
neither monotonous nor lacking in instruction. He did not
stop " to reason why," nor to argue with the half-hundred soft
seed-cucumbers which hastened in from all directions to con-
gratulate him upon his new possession. In his somewhat hasty
desire to step into the house for something, he slipped up on a
big, treacherous cucumber; and as he rose from a back hug with
the cobble-walk, and dove into the doorway, it is affirmed by
several of the boys that he made some remarks. Those chickens
were well cooked by perfectly innocent ladies for the "noble
soldier-boys;" and the said boys ate them, thinking of the
American eagle and his remarkable midnight perch.

There is no intention here of dignifying the petty and con-
temptible stealings indulged in by reckless volunteers with the
characterization of our title. Neither shall foraging account for

A SHARP TRICK. 2G1

the sharp but unworthy trick of that soldier who made one
twenty-dollar bill feed him daintily for a fortnight after pay-
day, and at the end of that time had the magical greenback
still in his pocket. He would visit some pie or apple stand
where five dollars in change could never be found. He ate all
the pie, apples, cakes, etc., he could stow away ; and then
he was in a pressing hurry to get away. The pie-vender could
not change the bill ; and dared not leave the premises for a
moment to procure change, for reasons which commend them-
selves to every veteran's recollection. Our hero could not wait
to argue long over a dollar's worth of food already digesting:
hence the swindled purveyor of colic-excitants did wait, and
probably is still waiting, for his pay.

There were other eminently successful devices hardly defina-
ble as foraging. Such were the " requisitions " for whiskey,
brandy, sugar, treacle, etc., never made out on recognized gov-
ernment blanks ; the said select rations being drawn by officers'
servants from the brigade stores, by a strange coincidence, when
the commissary was absent. It was not foraging when an offi-
cer was caught behind a big tree in a lonely dell of a Virginia
landscape, eagerly devouring jellies and other goodies intended
for the sick boys in hospital. General foraging was perfectly
consonant with manliness, and was not unworthy of the cause.
Pile extra rails upon the camp-fires, and let the stories go round,
the breakneck adventures, sly reconnoissance of henneries,
apiaries, pig-yards, and pastures ; the escapades, and the essays
where there was no escape ; the mysterious burdens stealing
into camp, and confided to the cook, with a judicious allotment
to an officer who never could be bribed, but was amenable to
reason ; the long array of accommodating privates who were
willing to oblige the cook by going outside the guards for a pail
of water, and using up a great deal of time in finding the spring ;
the savory odors of tender roasts and incomparable camp-stews,
larded with occasional relishes adroitly fished from mysterious
nooks, all these reminiscences return to intensify and heighten
veteran memories. The remarks in this article are limited to
individual, or at least unauthorized foraging, and ignore all or-

262 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

ganized levying of subsistence by moving armies. For neces-
sary sustenance, for coveted luxuries not otherwise obtainable,
and for the pure love of fun and adventure, these provision
larks were indulged in. The official sternness and personal
pliability of regimental and company commanders were most
amusing and provocative of laughable contradictions. When a
large portion of the regiment was making ready one dark night
for an adventure outside the lines, a feat of reprisal and revenge
for a shot at a comrade fired by an irate farmer who was losing
his straw, the commanding officer ordered the guards to fire on
any man venturing to run their beats ; and, when the expedi-
tion was entirely broken up, he asked one of the leaders, " Why
didn't the boys go ahead ? "

But such duplicity was unusual ; and it was the aim of the
officers of the Fourteenth, certainly, to prevent all lawlessness.
Their success in the matter of " Old Claggett's " rails, however,
was somewhat dubious. Cold weather was coming on when
the regiment moved from Adder Hill to Offutt's Cross Roads, to
construct and occupy winter-quarters. Across the plain, within
a third of a mile of the proposed camp, ran one of those tall and
tempting rail-fences so exasperating to the experienced soldier.
Knapsacks were hardly unslung when a lively charge was made
on that fence. A half-mile of splendid fence vanished in a
quarter of an hour. But " Old Claggett " knew his points: he
had an elegant brick residence, and a most inviting resort for
the chief officers. He was a shrewd slave-owning planter, and
understood making friends of the mammon of Union shoulder-
straps. Complaint was made at once, but the ignorance of all
the under-officers that any rails had been taken by the men was
as remarkable as it was universal. The colonel issued the most
peremptory orders for the return of every rail. Then was wit-
nessed a curious phenomenon. When the command was fully
understood, it took so long to penetrate the general stupidity
that a large proportion of the rails were cut once or twice in
two before the order was comprehended. Those rails had in-
creased in weight amazingly. When they were lugged into
camp, one man took four rails at one trip easily to the rear of

OLD CLAGGETTS RAILS. 263

his tent in less than five minutes' time ; but, in replacing them,
it required two men fully twenty minutes to get one of Clag-
gett's rails back to where, by the line of post-holes remaining, a
fence had apparently stood.

Not more than one-third of those rails were recovered ; and,
when the irate semi-Reb owner egged on the colonel to investi-
gate the lineage of the several cords of broken rails, it was
ascertained that not one splinter of them ever came from Old
Claggett's plantation. The officers seemed to be satisfied, but
the old gentleman never appeared quite happy.

Every day of established camp-life witnessed important or
trivial adventures of one or more men, who rarely came in with
empty haversacks. Sometimes it was a legitimate dicker,
sometimes unparalleled cheek, oftener the sublime audacity
displayed by the Yankee soldier in his exercise of the right of
"eminent domain." One evening at dress-parade, the colonel
was incensed at the absence of several of the drummers. Before
he left the parade-ground, three of the delinquents were observed
coming into camp. Perceiving that they were observed, they
put on a bold front, and passed quite near their commanding
officer. Obsequiously saluting, the spokesman remarked, sotto
voce, " Colonel, we have got some fine pork in our drums here :
shall we leave a nice piece at your tent ? " Colonel, in a loud
and severe tone: "If you are sick, report yourself to the sur-
geon ; don't come round here troubling me ! " Some of that
pork was placed where it would do the most good.

One of the most exciting episodes, with its complication of
ludicrous results, that ever entered into the experience of the
Fourteenth Regiment, occurred on the forenoon following our
arrival at Poolesville. No one who had a hand in the mammoth
raid on Walters's store can ever forget the wild commotion, the
greedy frenzy, and the uncontrollable tumult, incident to the
impetuous attack of a whole battalion on a large and well-fur-
nished store, filled with dry-goods, provisions, hardware, grocer-
ies dry, and the wettest of wet. Many years after the war,
fine dry-goods taken from Walters's store were seen perambu-
lating the streets of a New-Hampshire city. The keeper of one

2G4 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

of the stores was one of those double-faced, treacherous Mary-
land Rebels who professed Unionism b}^ day and entertained
Moseby's bushwhackers by night. A slight mistake was made,
as we shall see ; but the regiment was altogether too hungry and
footsore to be trifled with. A shout, a rush, a crash the store
was open, and the scrimmage was begun. Flour, whiskey,
sugar, calico, and molasses were mixed up in novel combina-
tions. Barrels of molasses, sugar, and whiskey were broken up
in the street, though fortunately but little of the latter was
gathered up. The scrambling for plunder was desperate in its
recklessness, but the individual adventures and the general
spectacle furnished comicalities for a volume.

The officers somehow learned of the riot, and appeared on the
scene to disperse the men at the critical moment; i.e., when the
store had been completely gutted, and nothing remained to con-
fiscate. Crackers, flour, cheese, hams, pork, etc., were pretty
evenly distributed through the regiment ; with sugar, raisins,
and other choicer groceries, in spots. Whole pieces of flannel,
webs of cotton cloth, twenty, thirty, fifty yards of calico, dozens
of handkerchiefs and socks, long cuts of towelling, and patterns
of rich dress-goods, were stowed snugly away that night as pil-
lows for privates' bunks in the old brick church. The officers,
whose integrity was loftier than that of the rank and file, never
suspected the sources of supply from whence came the abun-
dant luxuries of their mess for several weeks afterward; and
some choice textiles obtained from their men they never
dreamed to have been evolved from that reprobated raid.

Most of the booty was a burden to the possessors; and the
negroes and poor whites in the vicinity drove a thriving trade
for a few days, the men being glad to close out their stock of
dry-goods for edibles. A good deal of the more valuable plun-
der was sent home, and what remained afforded fun and ex-
citement in possession and camp-trade for some time. The
discomfited trader reported his loss to the brigadier; and the
colonel was ordered to investigate, search, produce the offenders,
punish summarily, and restore every thing taken. The stern-
ness of the officers was appalling. They had just eaten a hearty

OLD IITGGINS. 2G5

breakfast well seasoned with the loot from Walters's store, and
they were eager for the meting-out of swift retributive justice.
One bag of flour, half a ham, seventeen shoes with no mates,
and a long roll of cheap soiled calico, were discovered after a
half-day's search ; but the strangest feature of the investigation
was, that the valuable goods recovered were not traced to any
particular criminal. And so it resulted that Walters was no
happier than Claggett.

There was a cause for the raid, and a good one, although
vengeance fell on the wrong head. Some time previous to the
arrival of the Fourteenth, a detachment of Scott's " Nine Hun-
dred " had been quartered in the church elsewhere mentioned.
A force of White's cavalry Maryland guerillas came upon
the Union detachment, and surprised it, killing several. It was
well understood that "Old Higgins " owning a store opposite
to Walters's had piloted the Rebel cavalry. Scott's Nine
Hundred were not accurately informed as to the guilty trader ;
bat when they arrived in Poolesville, on the same night with
the Fourteenth, there was burning in their hearts the purpose
of the avenger. They began the raid participated in by the
Fourteenth. " Old Higgins " escaped, while Walters was in-
advertently made the victim. Walters was really an unflinch-
ing Union man, and afterward recovered four thousand dollars
from the government.

It was a disconsolate apple-vender who drove his ox-cart, on
its return trip over the wide stretch of rolling plain, the parade-
ground of the Independent Brigade, one crisp morning in Janu-
ary, 1863. He took a load of apples to the camp of the Four-
teenth. He took away as heavy a load as he brought, but it
was in the form of experience ; and if he furnished food to the
boys for an hour, they certainly sent him away with food for
reflection sufficient to keep him ruminating long afterward. He
backed his cart up to the line upon which paced the guard at
" support arms." There was a fatality in that halting the tail-
board of the ox-cart exactly on the line. Three feet outside
would have spared him many reflections. Soon a score of men
off duty lounged up to the peripatetic apple-stand; and gradually

266 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

the gathering swelled to a sizable crowd, though for more than
an hour no particular interest was manifested in the sale, which
proceeded slowly, the paymaster not having been interviewed
since the regiment left home. Here again the stars were in a
bad conjunction for the expected gains of our butternut-coated
citizen of " my Maryland ; " for, had the men been well in funds,
every barrel of apples would have been sold in fifteen minutes.
The only scintilla of prudence evinced by this artless tempter
of men, whose appetites were being whef^ed keener for a good
apple-eat by each dozen slowly peddled o t, was in his opening
but one barrel at a time ; and so strictly did he and his lank,
sallow-faced heir attend to business, that the sharpest of the
boys found no opening for the confiscation of a solitary apple.
The proprietor appeared somewhat disturbed when three of the
heaviest among the men leisurely climbed on to the rear of the
cart ; but he soon grew unconcerned, as were two of the com-
pany who became interested in the forward mechanism of the
two-wheeled vehicle. Soon afterward an accident occurred.
That farmer-peddler has presumably never ceased to wonder how
he could have ventured from home with the forward end of his
cart not fastened down. At any rate, the cart tipped ; down
came the heavy weights, apples and all. Then a rush, a yell,
and a terrific scramble. The apples from the opened barrels
were instantly churned deep into the adhesive mud. Another
barrel was burst open ; and the fabled fruit of Hesperides was
more easily captured by Hercules than were those mud-plastered
apples by the surging crowd, now wild with fun, and with
mouths made up for a jolly fruit banquet. Hats were doffed,
and used as scoops to capture the dubious booty. Two stout
Company-C men seized a full barrel, and, rushing through the
crowd, secured the prize in a company tent. The unfortunate
trafficker with the "mudsill minions " appeared to have lost all
interest in hanging about there ; and he seemed happy to get
off with his team and two empty barrels. The boj^s merrily
invited him to call again, but his parting look

" Resembled pleasure only

As the mist resembles the rain."

RATION DICKER. 2G7

A sort of foraging more satisfactory to one of the parties
concerned was practised extensively throughout the war. The
Union soldier traded his surplus coffee, sugar, and salt, for such
provisions as were luxuries in the army. In this way both sides
were greatly benefited. This "swapping" went so far that
opposing pickets of the two great armies frequently exchanged
coffee and sugar for tobacco. The dread scourge of war had
laid its devastating blight upon the rich Valley of the Shenan-
doah from the beginning of the war ; and wherever an invading
army left a track, there nearly every article of subsistence was
swept into the insatiate maw of a lean commissariat. When
both Union and Rebel armies conducted themselves as invaders,
being merciless in requisition and confiscation of supplies, the
inhabitants of that unhappy region were cursed beyond almost
any section of the South. Raids, sorties, imposing invasions,
and campaigns subsidiary to the central strategy, turned the
Valley into a military chess-board. The game was a desperate
one always, fluctuating in its temporary successes, and, on the
whole, a losing one to both sides, up to August, 1864 ; when
Sheridan played a Union game which first puzzled, then be-
wildered, and finally routed and ruined, the Rebel forces in the
Shenandoah.

The Valley was aptly termed the granary of the Confederacy,
and this partially accounted for the Rebel tenacity of endeavor
to maintain possession. When Sheridan's army began its move-
ments against Early, the lower portion of the Valley was so
thoroughly wasted that foraging was an unprofitable venture for
the " Yankee bummers." But above Strasburg the Rebel forces
had for some time maintained almost undisputed possession, in
a good measure conserving the private property of its sympa-
thizers ; for hardly a home but contributed from one to half a
dozen recruits to the legions of the lost cause. We found a
good deal in the Valley to confiscate, despite the wholesale and
repeated plundering to which the inhabitants had been subjected;
although an astonishing ingenuity was displayed in concealing
every thing that a Yankee might covet. Those sections of
Sheridan's army which marched up the Valley at some distance

2G8 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

from the pike and the more frequented roads, were fortunate in
picking up considerable extra subsistence ; a partial compensa-
tion for the audacious robberies perpetrated by Moseby's gueril-
las, who cut off our supply-trains wherever the strictest vigilance
was for an hour relaxed, in one instance cutting out forty
wagons from the middle of a five-mile supply-train while the
front and rear drivers were in utter ignorance of the attack.
The foraging triumphs on the Union side inspirited the army,
and gave zest to every phase of the campaign. Similar adven-
tures, and a like exhilaration of Sherman's army, during its
march to the sea, are well expressed in the following stanza:

" How the darkies shouted when they heard the joyful sound!
How the turkeys gobbled which our commissary found!
How the sweet potatoes even started from the ground!
While we were marching through Georgia."

One of the first foraging ventures of the Nineteenth Corps in
the Valley was during a halt for dinner. A keen-scented pio-
neer among the foragers discovered an apiary filled with hives,
containing a large quantity of honey. It was " a terrible temp-
tation/' and his shout of discovery prompted a general stam-
pede of men who thought a moment before that they could not
stir a foot farther without a protracted rest. And then in view
of an entire division of the army was enacted a side-splitting
comedy, rousing the merriment of a whole column. Each of
half a dozen stalwart troopers had shouldered a hive, and more
than a thousand others were striving for what remained. It
was observed that the successful hive-hunters were very busy
with their hands, beating the air; and the motions grew more
eccentric and furious. One of them uttered a wail, then sent
out an infuriated yell, and, hurling his treasure to the ground,
plunged blindly into the crowd of bewildered soldiers eager for
the sweets still unrevealed. The other loaded invaders of the
apiary directly ascertained that their boxes were too heavy for
transportation, and they abandoned their prizes to mother earth.
Millions of bees appeared to be in the air ; and with a general
howl of pain and rage the precipitate honey-hunters scattered,

THE REBEL GOOSE. 269

a heavy detail of angered bees in full chase of every victim,
and putting in telling strokes. The unfortunates fell into the
ranks in an inglorious plight, the butt of the entire army so far
as they had been observed.

While the troops were encamped for a day near Charlestown,
three adventurers from the Fourteenth visited the hennery of
an estate in the outskirts of the town. Just as they were stock-
ing up for a return to the bivouac, Ashby, with a guard of
Rebel cavahy, rode up to stop for the night. Until morning
were these trembling Yankees imprisoned in a Rebel hen-house,
nor did they dare venture out until the troopers in gray had
disappeared. Many of the valley farmers had finished their
sorghum-molasses manufacture previous to the Union advance.
A barrel of sorghum was soon disposed of. Canteens and cups
were filled ; men ate until nauseated ; in their greed the sticky
treacle dripped everywhere, smearing clothing from head to
foot, gluing beard and dust in remarkable compounds, slop-
ping, spilling, running : sorghum left its imprint on thousands
of highly flavored and thoroughly sweetened defenders of the
Union. It was "linked sweetness long drawn out."

We are informed that the cackling of a goose in the temple
saved Rome. One Rebel planter in the valley should have sent
his poultry for schooling to the Roman goose, for the untimely
cackle of a single hen precipitated a fowl calamity upon that
estate. Discerning the approach of the Union vanguard, this
wily husbandman had gathered his goodly stock of poultry into
a large, tight out-building, and closed it securely. The right
column of the army, being the Nineteenth Corps, marched be-
tween this improvised hennery and the larger barn. Two-thirds
of the column had passed, and so well had the owner accom-
plished his work of seclusion that not one foraging detective
had mistrusted the existence of a fowl on the estate. Precisely
as the centre of the Fourteenth arrived opposite the hennery, a
single fatal cackle ruined the Thanksgiving expectations of that
planter, and sealed the doom of about fifty fowls. No time was
lost in preliminaries. Down came the door ; there was no
shouting, and little noise save the furious cackling inside : but

270 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

ten times as many hungry men were determined to get into
that hen-house as it would contain, and the coveted poultry
was quickly divided. So hastily was the irregular allotment
consummated, that in several instances two men got hold of one
pullet, and neither let go nor went away empty-handed. The
column moved right on, but there was many a choice bit of
broiled chicken that night round the camp-fires of the Nine-
teenth Corps. Pigs, sheep, and even young beeves, were occa-
sionally brought in, though such booty in the Valley was rare.

A choice element in foraging was the excitement of its peril,
and this factor was generally involved in every venture after
extra diet during an active campaign. Our boys were venture-
some even to recklessness, with no prospective gain commensu-
rate to the risk. On the afternoon before the battle of Fisher's
Hill, when the two armies were in line but a mile apart, and
while a sharp skirmish was going on in full view of both com-
batants, half a dozen of the Fourteenth sallied out to recon-
noitre a vineyard between the two lines. They accomplished
this venture ; and, by exposing themselves to both capture and
death, secured a few quarts of grapes. And that fruit was
richer and more delicious than the grapes of Eshcol. The in-
stances cited are few, yet fairly representative of the numberless
episodes in the history of every regiment ; and such daring
exploits are not among the first which the veteran will care to
have obliterated from his recollections of the Great Rebellion.

A point had been reached where Sheridan encountered a per-
plexing problem, and must make an important decision. Should
he advance, or retire ? A mere holding of his own would prove
barren in results, and all the Union troops were needed for
aggressive operations. A small force, probably Crook's, must
remain to guard the Potomac. One course was to advance on
Brown's Gap, try to drive Early out, and then proceed with the
Sixth and Nineteenth Corps to Gordonsville, east of the Blue
Ridge. But should this be accomplished, and should Grant's
army around Petersburg fail to hold the entire Army of North-

A PERPLEXING ALTERNATIVE. 271

ern Virginia, Lee could suddenly hurl, by rail, a sufficient force
upon Sheridan to utterly crush him. Again, the array-trains
moving up and down the Valley from Martinsburg or Harper's
Ferry could not supply the army any farther up than Harrison-
burg.

The conclusion of Sheridan was to let the Valley campaign
end at Harrisonburg, withdraw down the Valley, destroy all
forage, grain, etc., give up his command, and move the Sixth
and Nineteenth Corps to the lines of Petersburg. Fortunate
would it have proved for the redoubtable Early, had he cor-
dially co-operated with Little Phil in carrying out this plan.
But he felt strong and confident again. He declares that he
intended to fight the Union army at Harrisonburg, but that, on
the morning of the 6th, he found it had left town.

On the morning of October 6, Sheridan stretched his cavalry
across the entire Valley, from the Blue Ridge to the Allegha-
nies, with orders to make of the entire country a barren waste ;
no dwelling-house to be disturbed; all loyal men to be paid for
property destroyed. At the same time the whole army took up
its march northward, down the Valley. The march was made
by easy marches, very comfortably.

The Ninth Conn., which reached the army at Harrisonburg,
after its inaction during the battle of the Opequan, was ordered
to march in the rear of the army. Early's cavalry followed at
a safe distance until Woodstock was reached, where they be-
came aggressive, pushing Custer as far as Tom's Run, just south
of Fisher's Hill. Here, on the 8th, Sheridan told Torbert to
" go in " and whip the pursuers, and he would halt the infantry
to see him do it. The Fourteenth will remember being halted,
on the afternoon of the 9th, and formed in line to the left of the
pike, facing up the Valley, and there waiting while a brisk fir-
ing was heard a little farther on. It was a neat tilt at Tom's
Run ; and the Rebels ran, Sheridan's cavalry capturing every
gun (eleven) but one, and every thing else on wheels, and chas-
ing the Johnnies back to Mount Jackson, a distance of twenty-
six miles. Early's infantry was at Newmarket, having reached
there on the 7th.

272 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

On the 10th the army marched to the celebrated position on
Cedar Creek ; with the exception of the Sixth Corps, which
deviated to the right, to Front Royal, on its way to join Giant's
army. On the 12th that corps moved to the Ashby-Gap cross-
ing of the Shenandoah, intending to proceed via Washington.

Early had learned of Sheridan's intention of sending away a
portion of his force, and promptly moved back to his old posi-
tion on Fisher's Hill, arriving there on the 13th. The armies
were very near each other. In consequence of Early's aggres-
siveness the Sixth Corps was recalled, and took position on the
right of the Nineteenth.

On the 13th Gen. Sheridan was called to Washington by
Secretary Stanton, to engage in a consultation. On the 15th
he started, taking Torbert's whole cavalry force with him to
Front Royal, intending to make it active to the eastward dur-
ing his absence. When he arrived at Front Royal, on the night
of the 16th, he received a despatch from Gen. Wright, who had
been left in command of the army, enclosing another despatch
read off from the Rebel signals on Three-Top Mountain. In
this despatch Gen. Wright says he fears an attack only on his
right, which may be turned by a strong force of cavalry. The
following was the despatch sent by Longstreet to Early :

" Be ready to move as soon as my forces join you, and we will crush
Sheridan."

The latter abandoned his cavalry_-raid, and sent the whole
force back to Wright ; at the same time sending him the follow-
ing note :

" General, The cavalry is all ordered back to you: make your position
strong. If Longstreet 's despatch is true, he is under the impression that we
have largely detached. I will go over to Augur, and may get additional
news.

" Close in Gen. Powell, who will be at this point. If the enemy should
make an advance, I know you will defeat him. Look well to your ground,
and be well prepared. Get up every thing that can be spared. I will bring
up all I can, and will be up on Tuesday, if not sooner."

One important fact should be borne in mind : Gen. Powell
was not " closed in." Sheridan's precautions were not fully

BELLE GROVE.
Sheridan's Headquarters.

A SPLENDID PARADOX. 273

enforced. On the morning of the 17th Sheridan arrived in
Washington. The same day at noon he started on his return
via Martinsburg, reaching Winchester on the evening of the
18th.

Early had made a reconnoissance quite near to the Union
position on the 13th, and at the same time a small force of
Union troops was reconnoitring. A collision ensued, with some
smart Rebel battery practice, when a division of our army moved
out ; but the Rebels rather got the best of it, and our force was
withdrawn. There was a smart fight on hand for a while, with
the strong prospect of a general engagement.

BATTLE OF CEDAR CREEK.

We now approach one of the most singular events of the
whole war, the most remarkable struggle of modern times. In
numerous other cases battles have apparently been lost, }^et
eventually won ; but where is there a parallel to Cedar Creek,
or Belle Grove as Early terms it? An army surprised in the
night, beaten, routed, driven from the field, losing most of its
cannon and all of its camp paraphernalia, many of its frightened
fragments fleeing more than a dozen miles : yet on the same
day, with a re-enforcement of only one man, fighting against
more troops than whipped them in the morning, engaging in a
stubborn contest, setting back the current of defeat, driving the
victims pell-mell from the conquered field, turning their defeat
into flight and an exultant Rebel host into a humiliated,
uncontrollable herd of uniformed fugitives ; capturing all the
enemy's guns, besides recapturing every gun of their own ;
camping in the old lines at night ; finally scourging with the
last terrible and irresistible besom of war the armies of rebellion
forever from the fair Valley of the Shenandoah ?

Such was the battle of Cedar Creek, in which our gallant
Phil Sheridan won imperishable renown, and- the Fourteenth
Regiment bore a conspicuous and honorable part. And this is
the way in which it happened :

Wright had posted all the cavalry on the right of the army,

274 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

and there Sheridan did not much fear an attack. About the
16th Early secured an accurate sketch of the Union camps, and
also re-established his observation and signal station on the end
of Massanutten Mountain, overlooking the Union lines. Ac-
cording to Early's account, he was forced by lack of subsistence
to fight, or fall back, the work of destruction was telling on
the situation ; and so he determined to surprise Sheridan. He
pretends to utter ignorance of Sheridan's absence, and that he
gave orders on the morning of the attack to capture him if pos-
sible. The fact was, that the wily general knew exactly when
Sheridan left for Winchester, but doubtless did not know
exactly when he was to return. Probably he has, for eighteen
years, wished that he had never come into possession of the
latter bit of knowledge.

Early started a surprise-party which has furnished him food
for astonishing reflections ever since. As soon as Sheridan
left camp, the Rebel commander began his preparations ; and it
was a splendid piece of strateg}', whoever originated it. The
writer has been recently informed by ex-Rebel officers that the
credit was not due to Early. Be that as it may, the strategy
and the tactics were of a character which deserved success ; and,
had they triumphed, they would have formed, perhaps, the
most brilliant achievement of the war.

Many reasons have been assigned for the failure of ulti-
mate triumph by the Rebel army ; while the most important
factor, next to the arrival of Sheridan, has been overlooked. '

The enemy left his trenches during the night of the 18th,
advancing in four columns: Gordon, on the enemy's right, to
attack in rear of our left ; Kershaw, to attack Crook in front ;
Wharton, to form on Hupp's Hill for a front attack of the Nine-
teenth Corps ; Rosser, to proceed by the back road, and attack
the cavalry on our right. The impression that the Rebel sur-
prise and attack was wholly made in rear of our left is erro-
neous. The first surprise was in front of Crook's position. A
second surprise followed when Gordon appeared in rear of the
Union left.

It must be conceded that Early " took time by the forelock ;"

A FEW DISTANCES. 275

but precisely what hold he had of " time " just before he let go
entirely, twenty hours later, he has never informed us.

An intelligent study of the battle requires an appreciation of
the distances involved in this remarkable piece of strategy.
The distance from Sheridan's position on Cedar Creek to Early's
on Fisher's Hill was five and one-third miles. The Union line
from Crook on the left to Averill on the ri^ht extended three
and three-fifths miles. From the breastworks of the Nine-
teenth Corps to the bridge where the pike crosses Cedar Creek
was one thousand yards. Crook was one and one-sixth miles
in advance of the left of the Nineteenth Corps, across the pike
and extending almost a mile to the left of it ; his second division
being more than half a mile to the rear of this position, the first
division only occupying the breastworks. Gordon marched
nearly eight miles in reaching his position in our rear. When
he was formed for the attack, he was one and one-sixth miles in
the rear of the Nineteenth Corps and fifteen hundred yards to
the left of the pike. Kershaw formed on this side of Cedar
Creek, just above its mouth, eight hundred and forty yards in
front of Crook's breastworks. Hupp's Hill, where Wharton
began the attack with artillery upon the Nineteenth Corps, was
across the deep ravine through which flowed Cedar Creek, a
little over nine hundred yards distant. The Fourteenth, which
was on the right of the Nineteenth Corps in the front line occu-
pying the breastworks, was nine hundred yards to the right of
the pike, and one thousand yards from the pike in the left rear
where Gordon swept across it in his early onset. Just in the
rear of the second division was the first division of the Nine-
teenth Corps, forming a second line but with no intrench ments.
The right of the Nineteenth Corps extended nearly to the
ravine through which ran Meadow Brook, six hundred yards
to the right of the Fourteenth's position. Across that ravine,
nine hundred yards distant, was the left of the Sixth Corps. In
the Belle Grove Mansion, six hundred and seventy-five yards
to the right rear of the Fourteenth Regiment's position, were
the headquarters of Sheridah. Middletown was a little less than
two miles from the position of the Nineteenth Corps.

276 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Probably no army turned into its blankets with a more per-
fect feeling of security than that which possessed Sheridan's
troops on the night of October 18. There was the perfect
confidence that Early had been so gloriously whipped that he
would never dare attack the Union force then in the Valley,
and that his only purpose was to maintain a strong defensive.

It must be admitted that he " played it on the Yanks " that
morning; but we always remember in that connection that "he
laughs loudest who laughs last."

Let us now steal into the hostile camp, and follow their move-
ments. The following is Early's account of the surprise, and,
in the essential particulars, is perhaps as near accurate and
truthful as Early was capable of being when writing the history
of his defeats :

"Gordon was directed to cross over into the bend of the river imme-
diately after dark, and move to the foot of the mountain, where he would
rest his troops, and move from there in time to cross the river again, and get
in position at Cooley's house, in the enemy's rear, so as to make the attack
at the designated hour; and he was instructed, in advancing to the attack,
to move for a house on the west side of the valley pike called the ' Belle
Grove House,' at which it was known that Sheridan's headquarters were
located. . . . Ilosser was ordered to move before day, in time to attack at
five o'clock next morning, and to endeavor to surprise the enemy's cavalry
in camp. Kershaw and Wharton were ordered to move at one o'clock in
the morning towards Strasburg, under my personal superintendence; and
the artillery was ordered to concentrate where the pike passed through the
lines at Fisher's Hill, and, at the hour appointed for the attack, to move at
a gallop to Hupp's Hill, the movement of the artillery being thus delayed
for fear of attracting the attention of the enemy by the rumbling of the
wheels over the macadamized road. Swords and canteens were directed to
be left in camp, so as to make as little noise as possible. '1 he division com-
manders were particularly admonished as to the necessity for promptness
and energy in all their movements; and they were instructed to press the
enemy with vigor after he was encountered, and to allow him no time to
form, but to continue the pursuit until his forces should be completely
routed. They were also admonished of the danger to be apprehended from
a disposition to plunder the enemy's camps by their men, and they were
enjoined to take every possible precaution against it . . .

" At one o'clock on the morning of the 19th, Kershaw and Wharton
moved, and I accompanied them. At Strasburg, Kershaw moved to the
right on the road to Bowman's mill ; and Wharton moved along the pike

EARLY'S STORY. 277

to Hupp's Hill, with instructions not to display his forces, but avoid the
enemy's notice until the attack began, when he was to move forward, sup-
port the artillery when it came up, and send a force to get possession of the
bridge on the pike over the creek. I accompanied Kershaw's division, and
we got in sight of the enemy's fires at half-past three o'clock. The moon
was now shining, and we could see the camps. The division was halted
under cover to await the arrival of the proper time; and I pointed out to
Kershaw and the commander of his leading brigade the enemy's position,
and described the nature of the ground, and directed them how the attack
was to be made and followed up. Kershaw was directed to ci*oss his divis-
ion over the creek as quietly as possible, and to form it into column of
brigades as he did so, and advance in that manner against the enemy's left
breastwork, extending to the right or left as might be necessary. At half-
past four he was ordered forward; and, a very short time after he started,
the firing from Rosser on our left, and the picket-firing at the ford at
which Gordon was crossing, were heard. Kershaw crossed the creek with-
out molestation, and formed his division as directed; and precisely at five
o'clock his leading brigade, with little opposition, swept over the enemy's
left work, capturing seven guns, which were at once turned on the enemy.
As soon as this attack was made, I rode as rapidly as possible to the position
on Hupp's Hill to which Wharton and the artillery had been ordered. I
found the artillery just arriving, and a very heavy fire of musketry was now
heard in the enemy's rear from Gordon's column. Wharton had advanced
his skirmishers to the creek, capturing some prisoners; but the enemy still
held the works on our left of the pike, commanding that road and the bridge,
and opened with his artillery on us. Our artillery was immediately brought
into action, and opened on the enemy; but he soon evacuated his works, and
our men from the other columns rushed into them. Just then the sun rose,
and Wharton's division and the artillery were immediately ordered forward.
I rode in advance of them across the creek, and met Gen. Gordon on the
opposite hill. Kershaw's division had swept along the enemy's works on
the right of the pike, which were occupied by Ci'ook's corps; and he and
Gordon had united at the pike, and their divisions had pushed across it in
pursuit of the enemy. The rear division of Gordon's column (Pegram's)
was crossing the river at the time Kershaw's attack was made; and Gen.
Gordon moved rapidly to Cooley's house, formed his troops, and advanced
against the enemy with his own division on the left, under Brig.-Gen. Evans,
and Ramseur's on the right, with Pegram's in the rear supporting them.
There had been a delay of an hour at the river before crossing it, either
from a miscalculation of time in the dark, or because the cavalry which was
to precede his column had not gotten up; and the delay thus caused, for
which no blame is to be attached to Gen. Gordon, enabled the enemy par-
tially to form his lines after the alarm produced by Kershaw's attack, and
Gordon's attack, which was after light, was therefore met with greater obstinacy

278 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

by the enemy than it would otherwise have encountered, and the fighting had
been severe. Gordon, however, pushed his attack with great energy; and the
Nineteenth and Crook's corps were in complete rout, and their camps, with
a number of pieces of artillery and a considerable quantity of small arms,
abandoned."

Early's vigilance, while almost marvellous, was not perfect.
Some suspicions were aroused, but none at all of his real intent.
Some unusual movement of Rebel troops was observed, but
evidently Gen. Wright was not in the slightest degree alarmed.
Enough was seen of the Rebel stir to warrant a reconnoissance,
and the second division of the Nineteenth was to be ready to
move at four o'clock in the morning.

At a little after three o'clock on the morning of the battle,
this division was quietly aroused ; and the men cooked their
coffee and had breakfast. At half-past four the Fourteenth
was standing in line under arms behind the breastworks. Capt.
Ripley had just sent an officer to brigade headquarters to report
that the Fourteenth was in line ready to move, when a scatter-
ing volley of musketry was heard away to the left, and appar-
ently somewhat to the rear, although it sounded far in the
distance, yet quite distinct. To say it was a startling sound, is
to feebly describe the effect upon the men. Still there was not
the semblance of alarm. The first division was not awakened.

The attention of the men, for the moment diverted, was again
concentrated upon the impending reconnoissance, and the excite-
ment of the alarm was ceasing ; when, within about ten minutes
from the first shots, another alarm, unmistakable, portentous,
prolonged, sounded out the prophecy of disaster.

The writer happened to be looking toward the left and front
at the moment when Kershaw's brigades dashed over the breast-
works into Crook's camp; and he saw the first musket-flashes
as the Rebel advance fired into the tents of the sleeping men.
Crook's second division had fifteen minutes' warning, and made
a brief show of resistance.

Directly after the first volley there came, borne on the morn-
ing air, a faint Rebel yell ; and we knew that Early's host was
upon us. Then, at the point of attack, there ensued an ominous
silence, and there was a long pause.

BIRGE TO THE FRONT. 279

In the Nineteenth Corps all was alarm, but no confusion ;
certainly none in the second division. The men were all under
arms; bat no one knew what to do, and the battalions stood
motionless and expectant. There was no fog, but daylight had
not fully come. No enemy appeared in sight, and the presence
of Gordon in our rear was not suspected.

The worst apprehension was, that Crook had been attacked.
In about twenty minutes from the attack on Crook's camp, a
battery of artillery opened upon the Nineteenth Corps from its
front. It was Wharton on Hupp's Hill. Almost simultaneously
our guns in the breastworks at the left of the Nineteenth Corps
got to work as Early indicates.

We were in a battle, the fight was warming up ; and yet the
Nineteenth Corps could see no foe, and was unable to discover
from what quarter to expect an attack.

Just then Gen. Birge and staff rode rapidly to the front, a
little to the left of the Fourteenth ; his errand being to discover
an enemy, and to understand the situation. As he was riding
up we saw one of Wharton's shells drop in the midst of his
staff, almost under the general's horse, and explode. Strange
it was that not an officer was killed by the explosion. There
was then no development which would authorize our com-
mander Gen. Birge was in command of the division that
morning to make any special disposition of the troops.

The first division was up and in line. A fog was coming on.
Then we heard a long volley in our rear, and a Rebel yell. The
whole truth dawned upon us. We looked away across the pike
in our rear, and there was a well-formed Rebel line advancing.
We were squarely between two fires, artillery and musketry.
The first division was formed facing to the rear as well as the
confusion would permit. Capt. Fitts of the One Hundred and
Fourteenth N. Y. thus describes the situation at that moment :

" The humming of bullets grew more and more frequent. Quarter-
master's and commissary's wagons were hurrying away ; many of them, in
the ignorance of their drivers, directly toward the pike, to be captured.
Staff-officers of the corps and division were dashing hither and thither,
vainly striving to effect a union of the disunited regiments against the solid

280 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

front of the enemy. There was a continuance of dropping shots, with occa-
sionally a sharp volley; and an incessant stream of fugitives, with arms
thrown away, rushed down past us from the pike, their faces expressing the
wildest terror. . . . The hills on the right were peopled with a mass of blue-
coated troops; and toward the left, beyond the stone mansion which had
been Sheridan's headquarters, a line of our soldiers stretched out of sight
into the fog. Two or three guns were in position, sending their shells
screeching across the pike. But, above all the clamor and roar of our fire,
rose the tremendous volleys and the terrific yells of the Rebels as they bore
down upon us, nearer and nearer, until their bullets showered into our
ranks, and the victims fell thickly about us."

It was Gordon in our rear ; while Kershaw had gained the
pike to his left, and Wharton had crossed the creek over the
pike bridge, and was also in line to sweep along the flank of
the Nineteenth Corps.

Yet even then there was no confusion in the second division,
save on the left. The Fourteenth stood quietly in line, being
under the perfect control of its officers. The men were afraid,
but manhood and discipline were quite equal to even that ter-
rible occasion. Shells were coming over in front, although
those guns soon Ceased firing, and bullets began to drop from
the rear. Gordon was reaching us with his muskets. The first
division was fighting gallantly, although with a disordered
formation, and the enemy met an obstinate resistance. Capt.
Fitts says,

" There was a fierce struggle over the crest of that hill, prolonged until
the enemy's advance actually made prisoners from our left companies. A
storm of balls swept the ground ; and the blazing of muskets through the
fog, with the mingling of shouts, cheers, and groans, united in the awful
demonism of battle. The dead and wounded dropped thickly from our
ranks, and scores crawled and limped to the rear, smitten sorely with the
leaden tempest. And still we flaunted our flag toward the enemy, and kept
up a vigorous file fire."

Col. Thomas's brigade of the first division had faced to the
rear, and advanced across the pike to meet the enemy, and
fought him there until completely overborne by weight of
numbers.

The first division was melting away under the terrific on-
slaught, and the Fourteenth was under a heavy fire. It grew

OVER THE BREASTWORKS. 281

so warm that Capt. Ripley ordered the regiment to the other
side of the breastworks ; and over the men scrambled, and lay
down. But the fight waxed hotter and hotter : the Rebel line
was so rapidly outflanking us that if the regiment remained it
must be captured entire. Under orders the Fourteenth went
back over the breastworks to confront the oncoming foe, but
was immediately driven from the spot; and its formation was
then lost as it retreated to the right.

Different officers attempted to rally the men, and form a line
to contest the ground, and always, so far as the writer observed,
with success. Blodgett of Company F was killed in the camp,
and Hayes, of the same company, soon after. Several others fell
near by.

The retreat of the regiment had proceeded but a few rods
when Gapt. Marston, who had just returned to the regiment,
formed a line of all the men he could muster, facing to the left;
and they remained until he was forced to order them back.
"The Nineteenth Corps fought for an hour a stern, hopeless
battle, against the crushing odds that were opposing it, till the
dead and wounded were, in some regiments, as numerous as the
living ; retiring only when it became evident that further de-
fence of that line was useless. As the regiments yielded the
hills, and crossed the Run, the Rebel advance was within speak-
ing distance."

But this resistance had told fearfully on even a victorious foe
flushed with the elation of a great surprise. Ever}' step the
enemy gained, this side the pike, had been sharply contested and
dearly won.

Through fog, dismay, and confusion, the Nineteenth Corps
had fought as well as men could in the midst of such dire ad-
versity, and had so crippled and broken the organization of the
enemy that he was rendered incapable of finally pressing his
advantage to permanent victory.

What of the Sixth Corps during all this hour and a half? for
the Rebels on their left did not reach Meadow Brook, and press
upon the position of the Sixth Corps, until between six and
seven o'clock. Surgeon G. T. Stevens of the Seventy-seventh

282 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

N. Y. has published a work entitled " Three Years in the Sixth
Corps;" and, like other authors previously referred to, he has
been led into serious, as well as amusing, errors through a reli-
ance upon partial and imperfect data. In describing this battle
he has mangled the facts as badly as many a tyro-surgeon
mangled our poor boys on the amputating tables. This author
tells us that some confusion toward the left aroused the mem-
bers of the Sixth Corps ; but they " turned over in their blankets,
and went to sleep again." Soon after, flying and straggling
members of the Eighth and Nineteenth Corps were observed
pressing to the rear, and- firing was heard ; but the sight ap-
peared fairly ludicrous to those Sixth-Corps fellows who " turned
over and went to sleep again." The fact is, some portions of
the Sixth Corps on that morning " turned over in their blank-
ets " once too many times.

To us in the Nineteenth Corps, it seems that the right of our
army had time, if it had been improved, to have formed a better
line, and to have more firmly stemmed the tide on our new left,
i.e., on the pike south of Middletown, than they actually
did. This surgeon-author speaks of " the Nineteenth Corps,
beaten and discouraged." It was not beaten ; for it had not
had a chance to fight, except by piecemeal, in lumps, in half-
battalions, and fragments of brigades : it was simply swept away
on flank and rear. It was not discouraged : the sneaks and
cowards ran ; but, in good pluck and without discouragement,
the men rallied every time, at the word, whenever there was
any spot or chance or order to rally.

They were mad clear through, and quite bewildered ; but the
Nineteenth Corps was not discouraged. A discouraged army
does not whip its victors on the same day. Here are further
effusions of the medical historian who was rolling in his blan-
kets while the Nineteenth Corps was fighting a howling foe on
three sides in the darkness and the fog. "The hope of the
nation now rested upon the Sixth Corps. . . . The officers of
the Nineteenth were, with shouts and wild gesticulations, striv-
ing to collect their disordered commands, but with little suc-
cess." The author demonstrates his ignorance of the battle of

DISCIPLINE OF THE FOURTEENTH. 283

Cedar Creek up to seven o'clock. Three times in the first half-
mile of that dreadful retreat the writer was in a rallied line ;
and, so far as he could observe, every man in the Fourteenth,
certainly obeyed orders, and stood in the frail line till the
enemy, pressing round our left and outflanking us, compelled
the officers to order an abandonment of the position.

Altogether too much has the Sixth Corps arrogated to itself
the credit of doing the principal part of the fighting on that
occasion. That Corps did well after it got to doing any
thing : it always fought splendidly ; yet few of its members
can be trusted to write history of themselves.

Had the Nineteenth Corps not been dumped into that ravine;
had there been one half-mile more of fighting ground for it
before being crowded into Meadow Brook, the first formation
of the Sixth Corps would never have been pushed back a rod.
As it was, the Nineteenth Corps, surprised, bewildered, over-
whelmed, worried the Egyptian pursuing host so sorely that
" their chariot-wheels drave heavily."

Let us further consider the condition of the Fourteenth before
it was entirely driven from the position it held in the beginning,
behind the breastworks south of Meadow Brook. Not twenty
rods from its camp a portion of it was halted, as we have seen,
by Capt. Marston, who acted with great coolness. In retreat-
ing, most of the fugitives made for the pike, or Sheridan's head-
quarters, in order to retreat with most celerity, and also to
avoid the ravine of Meadow Brook. Some bore to the left
toward Cedar Creek, and crossed the Run farther down. Color-
Sergt. Howard pursued this course, accompanied only by one
of his guard.

The State color-bearer, from some cause, abandoned his flag
in the brush near the Run, where it was afterward found.

The sun was rising : the Fourteenth had not left its place at
the breastworks, but had stood helpless, exposed, yet in un-
broken line, until the artillery was captured on the very left of
our own brigade : but now it was forced across the Run, and,
as the colors went up on one side, the Rebels occupied the crest
of the other; and it was hot work there.

284 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Most of the regiment head borne farther toward headquarters,
in retreating ; but just beyond the Run, on the high ground,
near some stacks of grain and piles of rails, Capt. Ripley rallied
a good squad of the Fourteenth round its colors, and for ten
minutes a smart fire was maintained ; but the ground became
untenable, and the men were ordered to fall back.

Sergt. Howard did not start back at once, and his single
guard stuck by him. When he did go, there was nothing nearer
to the enemy than the colors of the Fourteenth.

It was a bright target, and the balls were sent in very lively.
One of them disabled the color-guard, passing through his
shoulder.

" They've got me, Charley ! "

" Have they got you bad ? "

" No, I guess not."

" Come along, then ! " and he never slackened his pace. It
was no time for sentiment or sympathy.

" ' By the gods, this is terrible, awful ! ' an officer near me ex-
claimed. ' Driven from our camps, beaten, dispersed, I can
hardly realize it. We shall be at Harper's Ferry before night.'

" And, in truth, it seemed much like it. Even the brigades
which pretended to maintain an organization were setting back
to the rear as steadily as an ebb-tide ; while the host of strag-
glers, an army by themselves, continually increased. Occasion-
ally I heard the sharp tones of some general or field-officer,
using language like this :

" ' Halt, men : face about and make a stand ! '

' By , this is dreadful ! Do you mean to be whipped

so soon? you, the victors of Winchester and Fisher's Hill ! '

" ' Give it to them ! '

" ' Fire by file : fire ! '

" The clattering of musket-shots would succeed, as a portion
of the wavering line vainly essayed to hold its ground ; and
then, as the regiment found itself alone, exposed to the de-
vouring shot and shell from the front, and the clouds of bul-
lets steadily pouring in from the left, where Kershaw pressed
forward his victorious columns, it was compelled to yield again
and again."

A DOUBTFUL MOMENT. 285

Near the point where Capt. Ripley rallied a line as above
mentioned, he was captured ; and, although he was exchanged
soon afterward, he never served again in the regiment.

Less than a third of a mile back from the Run, and near the
camp of the Sixth Corps, another halt was made ; and the only
colors in the first brigade were those of the Fourteenth.

General Birge gave the order to " rally on the colors of the
Fourteenth ! "

While holding this position, a large number of the Fourteenth
were wounded. But again and again the enemy, over-lapping
our flank, made every position taken a useless one.

Early held the key to the position, the pike, and the
Union army must retreat far enough to shake off that grip.

Farther back there were woods. The army could not stop
short of them. The Sixth Corps did its best ; and Early admits
that our position on a ridge west of Middletown Cemetery
Hill was so strong that " Wharton's division was driven back
in confusion " from an attack.

It seemed a critical time for the enemy ; but the Rebel Col.
Carter concentrated eighteen or twenty guns on the Union posi-
tion, which enabled the Rebel infantry again to advance.

We do not credit the statements that the advance of Early
was seriously hindered by the plundering propensities of his
troops. There is evidence that not Union stores, but Union
fighting, impeded the Rebel hero's march to triumph ; although
he did ride through the captured Union camps, swinging his
hat in a frenzy of joy.

After the capture of Capt. Ripley, Capt. Marston took com-
mand of the Fourteenth.

The position held by the first brigade, when it rallied on the
colors of the Fourteenth, was fifteen hundred yards from the
camp ; while, at nine o'clock, the second division of the Nine-
teenth Corps had retreated two and three-quarters miles, with
the first division one-quarter of a mile still farther back.
The relative corps positions were reversed, the Nineteenth being
on the right as it faced the enemy.

For some reason Gen. Wright ordered the Nineteenth Corps

286 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

still farther back : in fact, after nine o'clock the retreat of the
Nineteenth Corps was in obedience to orders, and not because
it was at all pressed by the enemy ; although there was consid-
erable sharp firing until nearly eleven o'clock. There seems to
be no good reason for the retirement of the Nineteenth so far.

The Sixth Corps at nine o'clock was well posted, and repulsed
the enemy as we have seen ; occupying the heights one thousand
yards north-west of Middletown, and one and three-quarters
miles from the camps of the Nineteenth Corps.

It was somewhat after eleven o'clock that Sheridan arrived
on the field.

The army was ignorant of his absence, and the announcement
of his return had a double effect: it explained the disaster, and
inspired the troops with unbounded enthusiasm.

The men then knew that Little Phil had nothing to do with
the disaster, and they believed that his presence would have
entirely averted it.

The Nineteenth Corps continued its retreat until noon ; and
then, by order of Gen. Sheridan, the column was halted, and it
moved back not another rod.

The Fourteenth Regiment had retreated almost exactly four
miles, and was then one and three-quarters miles from the Win-
chester pike, and two and a half miles north of Middletown.
Here the men rested for nearly an hour ; when an advance was
ordered to complete the formation of the new line of battle,
the Sixth Corps not having fallen back so far.

The Nineteenth advanced in two lines, Grover's division in
front, and moved toward the enemy four-fifths of a mile, work-
ing considerably to the left in the movement ; the left guiding
on the back road to Winchester, and which there ran north and
south. This line was held from one o'clock to four, the first
division being deployed, and holding the right of the line ; the
second division on its left, about one and one-third mile from
the pike ; the Sixth Corps extending to the pike ; while Crook
was left of the pike, and half a mile to the rear. Custer was
one-half mile to the right of the Nineteenth, and other bodies
of our cavalry were posted on the left.

SHERIDAN ARRIVES. 287

The enemy's front line was within one thousand yards of
Sheridan's new line, and remained so until four o'clock ; while
the Rebel batteries were strongly posted in an apple-orchard
and at other points in the northern portion of the village of
Middletown.

It is impossible to depict the wiid enthusiasm aroused by
Sheridan's appearance. We had passed the dread stage of
Clan Alpine's lament,

" Where, where was Roderick then ?
One blast upon his bugle-horn
Were worth a thousand men."

Our Roderick was there : his personal power was greater
than that of the proudest chieftain of a Scottish clan, and his
words of cheer and grandeur of command were worth ten thou-
sand men on the field of Cedar Creek. He rode alonsf the
line : tempests of applause proved his presence, and throughout
the Union lines the Rebel success was an eliminated factor in
the problem of the clay.

Imagination is inadequate to picture the strange, the dra-
matic situation of the two armies from one to four o'clock.
Nor did the living actors in the wondrous drama realize it much
more than the civilian reader of this story. Indeed, it had
ceased to be a drama or a battle in the Union lines for the hour ;
and the tired men lay down, ate, rested, chatted, knowing that
the tug of war was in the stretch of daylight yet remaining,
and over the broken country so recently and so disastrously
traversed: yet no trouble was borrowed out of the next hour
to disturb the serenity of the present.

The victors had probably not conceived of themselves as the
worst-vanquished host of the whole war; nor did the beaten
troops, driven like sheep in the morning, consider themselves
as the heroic champions of a field magnificent both as a disaster
and a triumph.

There was nothing of bravado in this indifference of the
Union soldier : it was simply a cool realization of the peril, and
a manly acceptance of it as something unavoidable.

288 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

A further Rebel advance was expected, and it was anticipated
as likely to be very determined. The enemy had kept up an
uninterrupted artillery fire, and soon after two o'clock Early's
infantry line advanced. The first division only slightly felt the
onset, but Grover's division was more fiercely assailed, and took
the brunt of the attack. Early gives this account of the at-
tempted advance :

" After he was driven from his second position, the enemy had taken a
new position about two miles north of Middletown ; and as soon as I had
regulated matters on the right, so as to prevent his cavalry from getting in
rear of that flank, I rode to the left for the purpose of ordering an advance.
1 found Ramseur and Kershaw in line with Pegram, but Gordon had not
come up. In a short time, however, I found him coming up from the rear ;
and I ordered him to take position on Kershaw's left, and advance for the
purpose of driving the enemy from his new position; Kershaw and Ramseur
being ordered to advance at the same time. As the enemy's cavalry on our
left was very strong, and had the benefit of an open country to the rear of
that flank, a repulse at this time would have been disastrous ; and I therefore
directed Gen. Gordon, if he found the enemy's line too strong to attack with
success, not to make the assault. The advance was made for some distance,
when Gordon's skirmishers came back reporting a line of battle in front be-
hind breastworks, and Gen. Gordon did not make the attack. It was now
apparent that it would not do to press my troops further."

He did make the attack, or attempted to make it, and was
repulsed by Grover's division.

It was while lying down here that Otis P. Kreatzer of Com-
pany B lifted his head a trifle above the temporary breastworks,
when he was killed by a cannon-ball. He was not touched by
the shot, the concussion proving fatal.

Sheridan took plenty of time to get ready. At four o'clock
his mill was all ready ; and the grist which Early had brought so
early in the day, although a little late in getting into the Union
hopper, was to be ground " exceeding fine."

An aide of Gen. Sheridan rode up ; and then the order ran
along the line, " Forward the Nineteenth Corps ! " " Forward
second division ! " " Forward Fourteenth New Hampshire ! "

Here again the Nineteenth Corps was to take the brunt of the
conflict ; and the second division was in the very hottest of the

THE TIDE SET BACK. 289

terrible storm of shot, shell, and bullets. Major Gould, in his
history of the Twenty-ninth Me., naturally claims for his bri-
gade the first of the first division the chief glory in this
decisive advance. This author, while more candid and accurate
than most others, has not done justice to Grover's division nor
to Birge's brigade.

The Eighth Vt. and One Hundred and Fifty-third N. Y., who
were posted to the right of the first brigade, first division, suf-
fered perhaps more than the second division troops : but Birge's
brigade, in the face of a withering fire, while recoiling for a
moment, fully kept up its portion of the advancing line ; and
when our gallant Color-Sergt. Howard waved his flag, and
started toward the stone wall behind which frowned the Rebel
line, the Fourteenth gathered itself, and, with the irresistible
impetuosity which it showed at Opequan, it swept on, never
again to hesitate.

There was a shrinking, a hesitancy, when the Union advance
met the stubborn Rebel resistance.

It was a critical moment; but the Nineteenth Corps put into
the concrete of success the plan and expectation of its master,
Sheridan. Previous to the onward movement, the available
force was considerably augmented by the return to the ranks
of many who had been exceedingly intent upon going to the
rear after the surprise of the morning. Major Gould, in the
volume previously referred to, makes an ingenious calculation,
from which he concludes that Sheridan had but six thousand
infantry actually in line when he reversed the fortunes of the
day.

It is a popular delusion that the cavalry initiated the rout of
the enemy. The cavalry only finished a job which the infantry
alone had begun.

The temporary confusion on the right of the line was caused
by the Rebel left overlapping the Union right, so that Evans's
brigade the same which Birge's brigade and the Fourteenth
encountered at Opequan turned our flank ; but McMillan's
brigade of the first division wheeled to the right, and by a bril-
liant counter-charge cut off the Rebel brigade from the rest of

290 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

the enemy's line, and sent it scampering away across Cedar
Creek to our right, broken and useless.

Early attributes the loss of the day to this rout of Evans's
brigade, as the rest of Gordon's men ran when they saw the
fate of their comrades; but it is not so. The divisions of Gor-
don, Kershaw, and Ramseur were splendidly fought by the
Nineteenth Corps; and it was only after a most stubborn resist-
ance that the enemy was forced from behind its stone-wall
intrenchments.

To the left of the Nineteenth Corps were Rickett's, Whea-
ton's, and Getty's third, first, and second divisions of the Sixth
Corps in the order named. Their advance was later and not so
rapid, as the Rebel positions in the orchards and behind the
walls at the northern edge of Middletown were well defended
to the last possible moment by Pegram and Wharton.

On the Rebel left, Ramseur was mortally wounded while tem-
porarily checking the Union advance, west of Middletown, with
some of his troops who were not panic-stricken.

At this stage of the battle Custer charged with his whole
division of cavalry, the infantry having first turned the tide of
conflict. Pegram and Wharton abandoned Middletown. Every
thing on legs was getting into a dead run ; and both armies were
full bent toward the pike crossing of Cedar Creek, neither
Sheridan's nor Early's troops much regarding order: the one
in a gallop of fun and boundless hilarity ; the other panic-
stricken, scattered, " thrashed out of their boots," and covered
with the shame of a most humiliating contrast between the
boasts of the morning and the ruin of the evening.

For three miles, or to their old camps, the infantry of the
Nineteenth Corps pursued the enemy ; while the cavalry was
the great agency in finishing the work, running the enemy
away into the night, and constantly bringing in rich trophies
of the victory.

The Rebel infantry, cavalry, artillery, ammunition and bag-
gage wagons, ambulances, and what of the Union camp valua-
bles they had succeeded in making off with, were tangled in an
indescribable jam at the Cedar-Creek crossing; and it was there

ROUT OF EARLY. 291

that the great Union harvest was gathered in, although property
and prisoners were taken all along to Fisher's Hill.

In the last part of the afternoon there was some confusion
of mind among the artillerists of the Sixth Corps ; as they fired
several rounds into their own comrades of the Nineteenth, mis-
taking them for the enemy.

During the final charge Sheridan was mounted on a small
gray horse, and wore a private's overcoat as he rode from point
to point, exhorting his men to press the foe, and not succumb to
the withering fire.

That was an anxious moment for Little Phil, and magnificently
did the men respond to his appeals.

We believe that not another man in America could have got
that victory out of that army. The men did noble work, and
they knew that Sheridan was organizing and directing them
splendidly.

In the last charge, in the last moments of Rebel resistance,
Sergt.-Major J. Henry Jenks was killed, the last man who fell
in battle in the Fourteenth.

There has been no attempt in this volume to mete out the
praise so justly due to a great number of the Fourteenth ; but
there is one man, modest, but brave and true as any man could
be, whom we cannot neglect to mention. Among all the proud
memories of that day at Cedar Creek, let the heroism of Charles
G. Howard, the gallant color-bearer of the regiment, be ever
cherished by his companions in arms. He contributed largely
to the glory of the day, and his bravery was conspicuous at a
critical moment in the field.

The part which the Fourteenth bore in the battle is perhaps
best shown by the official report of the killed and wounded.

This regiment lost more men in killed than any other regi-
ment in the brigade, and nearly twice as many as any other
except the Twelfth Me. In wounded, the Fourteenth lost more
than any other regiment ; nearly three times as many as any
other save the Fourteenth Me., and more than one-third of all
the wounded in the brigade of six regiments. There were but
eighteen members of the regiment missing that night, a fact
which speaks emphatically for its discipline.

292 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

" Cozzens," the character of the regiment, the butt of the
whole line, the hero of one of the most remarkable military
funerals on record, let Cozzens not be forgotten in the annals
of Cedar Creek. He redeemed himself. When the fire was
hottest, when the fortunes of the day trembled in the balance,
Cozzens was sent to supply the skirmish-line with ammunition.
Coolly, bravely, faithfully, did he perform his whole duty ; and
on that field he filled the uniform of a soldier and a man.

The Fourteenth slept in its old camp that night. Sheridan
had grandly kept his word.

The first division went on picket beyond Strasburg. Daring
the night the wounded suffered fearfully, and the Rebel citizens
engaged in shameful plundering.

Even the Rebel women, living in the vicinity, wandered over
the field, robbing the helpless Union soldiers ; in several cases
going so far as to strip from the groaning victims their trowsers
and drawers. The atrocities of that night were worthy of
Arabi Pacha.

The next morning there were parked, in front of Sheridan's
headquarters, fifty cannon which were captured after five o'clock
on the evening of the battle. The boys thronged up to inspect
the booty.

Unparalleled transformation ! The Union army rested on its
peculiar yet magnificent laurels, and wondered long and exulted
over the whole serio-comic drama.

Early thus sums up, in his unique fashion, the situation on his
side :

"This was tlie case of a glorious victory given up by my own troops
after they had won it ; and it is to be accounted for on the ground of the
partial demoralization caused by the plunder of the enemy's camps, and from
the fact that the men undertook to judge for themselves when it was proper
to retire. Had they but waited, the mischief on the left would have been
remedied. I have never been able to satisfy myself that the enemy's attack
in the afternoon was not a demonstration to cover his retreat during the
night. It certainly was not a vigorous one."

Silence is the fitting comment upon such arrant nonsense.

M/DDLETOWNi

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1-4 P.M.

HfL/orYPe pre co. aosron

LIEUT. HOLMES'S STORY. 293

ANOTHER ACCOUNT.

The following sketch of the battle was written by Lieut. M.
M. Holmes, of Company H.

The regiment was partly in line, just at the dawn of that
hazy Indian-summer day, when on the extreme left, in front of
Crook's corps, was heard the ominous rattle of musketry, sharp
and distinct at first, and increasing in force and volume until it
became a continuous roar, mingled soon with the booming of
cannon. Our division was in two lines; our brigade was in the
front line, on a ridge facing, and at some little distance from,
Cedar Creek. Our breastworks (that is, in front of the Four-
teenth Regiment) were on the slope of this ridge fronting
Cedar Creek ; so that the company quarters were on a little
higher ground, and the tents of the field and staff were on the
top of the ridge, which then sloped to a small ravine or depres-
sion, rising to another little ridge a half-mile or so beyond, on
which lay the second brigade, forming the second line. We
were ordered to lie in our intrenchments to repel an expected
attack in front. The Eighth Corps, completely surprised, was
driven from its position in confusion, and was forced to the
right upon the Nineteenth Corps. Our second brigade changed
front, and offered a most stubborn and determined resistance to
the Rebel advance. The battery at the left of our brigade was
captured, and soon probably an hour after the first volley
the bullets came whistling over our heads from the rear and left
rear. On account of the ridge before referred to, but little
damage was done ; though the boys had to hug the breastworks,
or rather lie in the ditch behind them, pretty closely. We lay
in the intrenchments until we were completely flanked in the
rear, and the regimental headquarters captured ; when the order
was given to retreat by the right flank, which was done in good
order, though the Rebel flank was abreast of, and less than a
dozen rods from us. The Rebel line halted at a sutler's tent
(which was newly supplied the night before), and even the
color-bearers went in to help clean it out. That was one case,

294 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

certainly, where the sutler was of great benefit. Capt. Ripley
tried to rally the regiment at some lateral breastworks on the
right of our brigade ; but the Rebels were pressing too closely,
and no effectual stand was made until we came to some breast-
works on the ridge, next to the ravine by the mill. Here a halt
was made, and the Rebel advance stopped ; but in the mean
time the second brigade had been crushed, and the Rebels again
overlapped our flank, when Capt. Ripley gave the order to re-
treat and form on the next ridge.

The ravine into which we then retreated was heavily wooded,
or, perhaps more property, was full of small trees and under-
brush ; and the regiment got badly scattered. It was here, or at
the mill beyond, that Ripley and many others were captured.
Some went to the right of the mill, and some to the left, and
some tried to make a stand at the mill. This was about eight
o'clock. The next stand was made on a ridge some distance in
the rear, that is, by the colors and a part of the regiment.
The remainder were scattered, and many fought in other parts
of the line. The color-bearers were Charles G. Howard of
Company F, and Charles F. Heath of Company H. They never
flinched under the hottest fire, and deserve special mention.
Here we fought nearly an hour. The Rebels were on the
ridge beyond, and kept firing all the time, but made no attempt
to charge. Here many were wounded, but none killed. It was
a good place in which to test a man's courage ; for we were on
the slope of the ridge facing the Rebels, and without any pro-
tection whatever.

Here occurred an incident which is as vivid to me now as then.
Corpl. Amos C. Bailey of Company H, as brave a man as ever
wore the blue, during the hottest of the fire was on one knee
loading his gun. I was standing two or three steps behind him.
A Mini^-ball struck him in the left shoulder. He turned to me
as coolly as though nothing had happened, and, pointing to the
hole in his shoulder, said, "See that!" I said, "Bailey, you'd
better go to the rear ; " but he replied, " I guess I can fire
a while longer." But he soon lost the use of his arm, and
started for the rear, taking his gun with him. He has suffered

A GENERAL ON A MULE. 295

a dozen deaths from the wound, and been insane much of the
time, but, I understand, is better now.

Sergt. Parker was sent to report the exposed condition of a
portion of the Fourteenth Regiment, and found Gen. Birge,
hatless, sitting on an army-mule without a bridle. Saluting
his superior officer, the sergeant said, " Lieut. Holmes of the
Fourteenth New Hampshire sends his compliments, and says
the men are nearly out of ammunition, and the Rebels are
flanking on the left." Gen. Birge replied that he would see to
it ; but we were soon outflanked, and obliged to retreat, which
we did in good order. The next stand was made some distance
in the rear, where we were joined by others of the regiment.
We were under fire most of the time till about eleven o'clock;
but the firing was at long range, and the Rebels did not press
us very hard. They were too much occupied in gutting the
sutlers' tents and pillaging the camps.

There were several things that helped to " save the day "
at Cedar Creek. The brilliant victory of the afternoon was
due to Sheridan and the valor of the troops. But if Early had
pursued his victory of the morning with the same vigor that he
started with, nothing could have saved the army. The first
obstacle the Rebels met was our second brigade ; and its deter-
mined resistance gave our own brigade a chance to retreat, and
the first division and the Sixth Corps time to form. But another
important factor was the sutlers. The night before, a long train
of sutlers' wagons arrived. The Rebel line halted at the sutlers'
tents, and it did not advance till the goods were cleaned out.
Thus from a little after nine o'clock till one, the Rebels de-
voted more energy to pillaging the camps than to following up
their victory; giving Sheridan time to re-form the lines, and
repel their charge in the afternoon.

So far as friends have responded to the author's invitation,
we present obituary notices of the killed and mortally wounded.
As in the list of the killed at Opequan, so here, there are many

296 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

who are not mentioned. For this incompleteness neither the
author, nor the committee as a whole, can be held responsible.
In the case of some whose names do appear, more extended
notices would have been given had the facts been supplied.

CORPL. C. A. PEELER.

Charles A. Peeler was born in Vernon, Vt., February 17,
1839, and lived there until the summer of 1861 ; when he mar-
ried Miss Laura B. Smith, and removed to Hinsdale. He was
there employed in the woollen-mill until his enlistment, August
14, 1862, in Company A. July 1, 1864, he was promoted to a
corporalcy. Being mortally wounded, he died at Newtown,
Va., October 22, and was there buried. He left no children.
His widow remarried, and is now the wife of Mr. Charles Dicker-
man.

CORPL. L. D. LEARNED.

Lewis D. Learned was born in Dublin, September 11, 1841.
He was a farmer, and resided in his native town at the time of
his enlistment as a private in Company G, at the age of twenty-
one. He was promoted to corporal, October 1, 1864. His death
was caused by a Minie*-ball passing through the left breast. He
was unmarried, and is buried in Dublin. A few months after
Corporal Learned's death, a sister residing in Dublin received
a letter containing her own picture, which a Rebel prisoner had
taken from the body of young Learned just after the battle.

CORPL. T. A. HAWKINS.

Thomas A. Hawkins was born in Conway, February 10, 1836.
He was by occupation a farmer, unmarried, and resided in
Dummer, N.H. A young man of good habits, always prompt
and faithful in the performance of his duties as a soldier, he
won and retained the respect and confidence of those who knew
him. He enlisted in Company E ; and was promoted to the
rank of corporal, February 27, 1864. He was shot through the
head, his body rifled of a large sum of money and a valuable

THE KILLED. 297

watch, and left on the spot where he had fallen. He was buried
in Winchester.

CORPL. S. P. HOLT.

Samuel P. Holt was born in Wilton, September 9, 1844, and
was brought up as a farmer, assisting his father in Dublin,
and getting his education in the schools of Wilton, Pepperell,
and Dublin. He was one of the youngest members of Com-
pany A; was appointed corporal, July 1,1864; and died from
wounds in Newton Hospital, Winchester, October 24. Corpl.'
Holt was unmarried. He was buried in Winchester.

C. A. CARTER.

Charles A. Carter, son of Luke and Lucy M. Carter, was
born in Jaffrey, January 6, 1843. He was one of a family of
eight children, four of whom are now living. Charles Carter
was a farmer and mechanic, previous to his enlistment in Com-
pany G. He was not married. He was killed by a bullet
striking him on the temple, and was buried on the field.

Below appear some of the congratulatory despatches, etc.,

which followed this brilliant and overwhelming victory. The

following letter to Sheridan was sent by President Lincoln :

" With great pleasure I tender to you and your brave army the thanks of
the nation, and my own personal admiration and gratitude, for the month's
operations in the Shenandoah Valley, and especially for the splendid work
of October 19, 1864."

The following despatch was sent from Grant to Stanton :

" I had a salute of one hundred guns, from each of the armies here, fired
in honor of Sheridan's last victory. Turning what had bid fair to be a dis-
aster into glorious victory stamps Sheridan, what I have always thought
him, one of the ablest of generals."

From Sherman to Halleck :

"We have heard of Gen. Sheridan's victory at Cedar Creek. We can't

298 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

afford to burn gunpowder; but our men can make up in yelling, which is
just as good."

The following is a joint resolution of the Senate and House
of Representatives :

" Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Represent awes of the United
States of America, in Congress assembled, That the thanks of Congress are
hereby tendered to Major-Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, and to the officers and
men under his command, for the gallantry, military skill, and courage dis-
played in the brilliant series of victories achieved by them in the Valley of
the Shenandoah, and especially for their services at Cedar Run on the nine-
teenth day of October, eighteen hundred and sixty-four, which retrieved the
fortunes of the day and thus averted a great disaster.

" And be it further resolved, That the President of the United States be,
and hereby is, requested to communicate this resolution to Major-Gen.
Sheridan, and through him to the officers and soldiers under his command."

No account of Cedar Creek would be complete without that
famous versification of T. Buchanan Read upon the most con-
spicuous act of the strange drama :

SHERIDAN'S RIDE.

Up from the South at break of day,
Bringing to Winchester fresh dismay,
The affrighted air with a shudder bore,
Like a herald in haste, to the chieftain's door,
The terrible grumble, and rumble, and roar,
Telling the battle was on once more,
And Sheridan twenty miles away.

And wider still those billows of war

Thundered along the horizon's bar;

And louder yet into Winchester rolled

The roar of that red sea uncontrolled,

Making the blood of the listener cold,

As he thought of the stake in that fiery fray,

And Sheridan twenty miles away.

But there is a road from Winchester town,

A good broad highway leading down ;

And there, through the flush of the morning light,

A steed as black as the steeds of night

Was seen to pass, as with eagle flight.

" SHERIDAN'S RIDE." 299

As if he knew the terrible need,
He stretched away with his utmost speed:
Hills rose and fell; but his heart was gay,
With Sheridan fifteen miles away.

Still sprung from those swift hoofs, thundering south,

The dust, like smoke from the cannon's mouth;

Or the trail of a comet, sweeping faster and faster,

Foreboding to traitors the doom of disaster.

The heart of the steed, and the heart of the master,

Were beating like prisoners assaulting their walls,

Impatient to be where the battle-field calls:

Every nerve of the charger was strained to full play,

With Sheridan only ten miles away.

Under his spurning feet, the road

Like an arrowy Alpine river flowed,

And the landscape sped away behind

Like an ocean flying before the wind ;

And the steed, like a bark fed with furnace ire,

Swept on, with his wild eye full of fire.

But lo! he is nearing his heart's desire:

He is snuffing the smoke of the roaring fray,

With Sheridan only five miles away.

The first that the general saw were the groups

Of stragglers, and then the retreating troops.

What was done ? what to do ? A glance told him both,

Then striking his spurs, with a terrible oath,

He dashed down the line, 'mid a storm of huzzas,

And the wave of retreat checked its course there, because

The sight of the master compelled it to pause.

With foam and with dust the black charger was gray ;

By the flash of his eye, and the red nostril's play,

He seemed to the whole great army to say,

" I have brought you Sheridan all the way

From Winchester, down to save the day! "

Hurrah! hurrah for Sheridan!

Hurrah! hurrah for horse and man!

And when their statues are placed on high,

Under the dome of the Union sky,

The American soldiers' Temple of Fame,

There, with the glorious general's name,

300 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Be it said, in letters both bold and bright,
" Here is the steed that saved the day,

By carrying- Sheridan into the fight,
From Winchester, twenty miles away! "

MUSIC IN THE ARMY.

The healthy soldier, when at leisure, turned instinctively to
his song. In his repertoire were to be found martial, patriotic,
sentimental, and lighter music. The drum-corps was limited
strictly to the first class mentioned. The band, with every
available voice in the regiment, formed the orchestra and grand
chorus for the rendition of nearly every variety. A curious
comparison might be drawn between the songs of a standing
monarchical army and those of the volunteer forces of a repub-
lic in a war like that of the Great Rebellion. Surely from our
boys in blue there was heard the grandest outburst of strains
tender and strong, loyal to country and home, that ever swelled
on the breeze of any campaign or conflict.

A comprehensive treatment of this topic, in its relation to the
Civil War, would, of itself, fill a large and entertaining volume.
The bugle-call at reveille, on the skirmish-line, or guiding the
brilliant evolutions of squadron and battery, is still echoing in
veteran ears throughout the North. The airs of cornet and fife
linger still about many a farm, shop, store, and office, welcome
reminiscences of times and experiences never to be forgotten.

In subordinate military music the different "calls" formed
an important and perpetual element. Doubtless the disgruntled
or worn-out soldier would question the rapturous melody of the
tantalizing drum sounding the call for another detail to appear
in front of the adjutant's quarters. But in spite of all unpleas-
ant suggestions, it was true that much of the genuine romance
of camp-life was associated with the routine " calls." There
are no more exhilarating bounds from the rest of night into the
duties of day, no finer inspiration thrilling the entire nervous
system of a vigorous man, than the first burst, crash, and roll of
reveille when a crack drum-corps with melodious shrill fife
rallies upon the color-line, and rouses an entire regiment as by

A MEDLEY IN MUSIC. 301

an electrical shock. On a bright morning, or in the midst of
storm and bluster, nothing so fittingly ushers in the day and
stirs to activity as the reveille in a military camp. It is incom-
parably better than five glasses at Congress Spa before break-
fast. The effect is intensified when, in a great army stretching
out for miles, a single bugle-note gives the signal, and then, as
by magic, from every direction break out and roll on in one
mass of accelerating sound the roll of drums, the screech of
fifes, and the blare of artillery and cavalry bugles. Where is
the human being who can compete with an accomplished trum-
peter in waking the music out of a crisp morning atmosphere?

The breakfast-call, thirty minutes later, was more suggestive
of slab bacon than of sestheticism ; but the accompaniment of
tin plates, quart cups, and iron spoons was perfectly attuned to
the stomach's sentiment. Then at eight-thirty came the sick-
call ; and the mournful, ludicrous procession gathered from each
company converged at the surgeon's quarters. There was seen
the faithful soldier who had fought off disease, and stood at his
post until nature, in a good physique, had quite succumbed.
Had his comrades but known that the final collapse was near at
hand, that their beloved fellow-soldier was marching out of the
company street for the last time, that sick-call would have
sounded as a dirge, and tender would have been the greetings
as he went to hospital and death. Beside him fell in the man
who was not sick but discouraged. Next to him was the trickv
fellow who simply wanted a furlough, and intended to "play
off" just enough to secure it.

But in that procession were always to be found the chronic
"dead-beats," the most contemptible vermin that ever infest-
ed our grand army; the worst rubbish that could encumber
ambulance, hospital, or barracks. They deliberately cheated
the government, the cause, and everybody concerned. They
were selfish animals, lazy scamps, and arrant cowards. They
shifted every burden of duty on to their overworked comrades,
and day after day limped to the tune of the surgeon's call, pos-
ing shamelessly before a whole camp in a transparent sham,
stripping themselves to an unconscionable littleness in order to

302 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

get home at any price, there to perpetuate the sham in order to
defraud the government out of a pension, or perhaps to get well
marvellously, and perpetrate a second and even a third round of
deception and rascality in another regiment. And this was done
by men who pretended to something of respectability at home.
Rheumatism was the favorite dodge ; and the victims became
not too helpless, but just helpless enough. The surgeons well
knew they were shamming, but it was difficult to demon-
strate the fact ; and finally a discharge was granted, simply to
abate a nuisance. There was a great deal of peculiar music in
the surgeon's call.

The calls and marches accompanying guard-mounting at nine
o'clock recur to the veteran's mind suggestive of a pleasant
parade. A good drummer had the fullest opportunity for dis-
playing his skill while playing the detail to the guard-house,
when the band had ceased its escort, the review before the
officer of the day being passed, and the parade dismissed.
There, too, the dummy musician who enlisted for a drummer,
but who never would know a roll from a drag if he rattled the
sticks to all eternity on those occasions passed a good examina-
tion for promotion to the ranks.

Limiting this treatise, for the moment, to the Fourteenth
Regiment, does not that wonderful drumming at the dinner-call
touch a tender chord of memory ?

We recall the pleasant face of our favorite old drummer,
Sanborn, beating the long roll as no one else could beat it, his
arms playing all about him like forked lightning, his drumsticks
rattling down upon the doomed head like half a dozen magnifi-
cent hailstorms, each combination of sounds welling up and
flying off like distinct peals of thunder with no room for rever-
beration between the claps. That genial old drummer, gone to
his rest, never dreamed of the stir he made in the bosoms of his
comrades. His dinner-call is sounding still.

Every call, march, and air of drum-corps and band entered
into the very life of a regiment, and was valued beyond the
power of a civilian to appreciate. The evening calls of supper,
tattoo, and taps, were full of music and meaning, and each

TATTOO AND TAPS. 303

breathed forth its own suggestions. A military camp at the
hour of tattoo was a study ; games, letter-writing, reading,
mending, lounging on bunks, story-telling, pondering on objects
far away but near to the soldier's heart these were intruded
upon by the ra-a-a-at-tat-tat-tat of the drum-major, in his pre-
liminary flourish, as he initiated the stereotyped measures of
the bed-time concert. A little imagination reproduces the cir-
cumstances, the familiar faces, all the accessories and incidents,
even to the oddities, hilarity, and banter which relieved the
sober tedium of camp monotony, and the painful strain of expos-
ure and danger. The tattoo-calls seemed to wake a thousand
memories, only to soothe and lull to rest. It was a master-
spirit that invented tattoo.

But taps were hopelessly incongruous. They were always
either too late or too early. If the sergeant of the guard, who
perambulated every company street immediately after taps,
commanding " Lights out ! " would but gather up the comments
which were occasionally hurled after him, he could present the
public with a most remarkable and startling collection of ejacu-
latory literature. It often occurred that said executor of taps-
law was not more than three tents away before candles were
lighted again, and penny-ante progressed, necessitating another
tour of the camp by the irate sergeant. And something else
sometimes happened, for the audacious gamester exchanged his
fun for a night in the guard-house.

The acme of musical demonstration was reached in the dress-
parade, and it was never determined whether a crack drum-
corps or a fine band appeared to best advantage on those
occasions. For martial music, purely, a drum-corps stands, par
excellence, unrivalled; while a band possesses obvious advan-
tages, and constantly tends to promote the morale, strengthening
the discipline and elevating the sentiment of the organization.
One thing was observed: no regiment with a band maintained
a first-rate drum-corps. It could not be expected of any com-
mand in active service. The Fourteenth New Hampshire was
one of the few regiments in the army, which, through all the
vicissitudes of an arduous campaign, through swift marches,

304 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

rapid retreats, and great battles, still maintained a good band
to play the jaunty column into its day's march, and the wearied
files into the welcome camp at night.

Deviating, through this one paragraph, from the general char-
acter of this chapter, it may be well to give some facts concern-
ing the band of the Fourteenth Regiment. It was organized
October 16, 1862, just previous to the departure of the regiment
for the seat of war. The largest number which the band ever
mustered was twenty-one, seven of them coming from one com-
pany, G. Some of the members enlisted with the express
understanding that they were to be detailed as band-musicians ;
but there was no band enlisted as such. George A. Day of
Company F was engaged to organize the band, remuneration to
be guaranteed him out of the regimental funds. George W.
Hodgdon of Company D was the first leader, and held that
position until his discharge in June, 1863 ; when Mr. Day was
appointed to succeed him, but did not assume direction because
of absence on account of sickness. Mr. W. H. Bolster, a non-
enlisted man from Keene, was hired to conduct the band ; and
he remained its leader until July, 1864, when he left the regi-
ment on its arrival at Fortress Monroe from Louisiana. While
in New Orleans, a French-citizen musician, James Maurepas,
was hired by the regiment; and he served faithfully during the
remainder of the war, coming home to Concord with the band,
and then returning to Louisiana. The band of the Fourteenth
was highly prized, and its members faithfully performed their
every duty. In battle they did brave and efficient work in suc-
coring the wounded. Five of the original members, who attended
the first rehearsal in the woods at Concord, served at their posts
throughout the war, and played in the State-House yard the
nio-ht after the regiment's final discharge. Their names are
George A. Day, Morton M. Smith, Frank T. Moffitt, Nahum
Mower, and Thomas Mower.

Up to the time of the Civil War it was a popular notion that
armies marched to battle inspired by the patriotic strains of
bands, and the martial airs of fife and drum. So far as modern
warfare is concerned, this is a pure illusion. Musicians of every

A REVIVING EPISODE. 305

name certainly were found on the battle-fields of the Union ;
but with the exception of buglers, and those were rare, they
were present, not carrying instruments of music, but bearing
stretchers, etc., with which to assist the wounded. The excep-
tions to this statement were few. A military band was a real
sanitary auxiliary. Men in the hospital were invigorated by
the airs they had come to love as they did a hymn-tune of their
boyhood; while all who had the " blues," or were in the first
stages of disease, were revived and strengthened.

The Fourteenth Regiment will not forget the burial of Gen.
Plummer at Washington in 1863, when all day under arms in
the extreme heat, marching five miles in slow time with arms
reversed, and no refreshment, the return march to camp, after
dark, was made in a drenching thunder-shower. The battalion
was never in a sorrier plight than on that dismal night at nine
o'clock, when it filed out from Pennsylvania Avenue up Seventh
Street, with a mile and a half more of wearisome tramp into
camp. There was hardly a semblance of files or formation.
Sand and water disputed with the men's feet for the occupancy
of their government brogans, and it was pitch dark. Suddenly,
without notice, the regimental band, which had not paraded,
and had come down to meet the regiment, wheeled into the
head of the column and struck up the most popular piece in
their repertoire. To say that the instantaneous effect was magi-
cal, would be a piece of poor description. First a cheer, loud
and long, then a feeling of marvellous refreshment and renewed
strength. The spirits of the men were wonderfully revived ;
stragglers found their places in the ranks ; the files aligned and
closed up ; the step was caught, and the regiment marched into
camp easily and with enthusiasm.

On the banks of the Potomac, in the mud of Virginia, on
long voyages at sea, among the bayous of Louisiana, and on the
incomparable pikes of the Shenandoah Valley, our band cheered
us along by its timely interjections of stirring strains. But not
all instrumental music in the army was enlivening. Tenderly
mournful were the burial-dirges of band or drum-corps, coming
with a frequency which established a dreadful monotony of

306 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

death, the file of soldiers marching in common time, with arms
reversed ; the tune being always that most beautiful and simple
of death-marches, " Pleyel's Hymn."

How strange to die as thousands of our boys died ! how
strange the funeral, the requiem, the interment in a foreign soil
and an unmarked grave ! Every softened note of the fife,
every throb of the muffled drum, lacerated tender cords in the
hearts of surviving comrades. And some of the mourners must
soon themselves prolong the sad procession, with no drop of
their family blood to throb over their coffins.

But the music of the Union had many parts and moods and
renderings. We have alluded to some of the instrumental per-
formances ; but vocal music in the army was well-nigh universal,
and in quality it ranged from the veriest crudities of expression
up to the productions of skill and taste. In nearly every regi-
ment the musical side of army-life furnished a somewhat curi-
ous and usually interesting study. In many cases a regimental
glee-club was organized, which formed the nucleus of a general
effort to improve the talent of the command. More frequently
single amateur musicians, without concerted endeavor, devel-
oped the musical ability of their own companies ; the different
circles uniting in grand anthem or chorus when the entire bat-
talion was stirred by a common impulse, or more closely unified
in the expression of an unusual and all-pervading sentiment.

Vocal music became a part of the soldier's life as soon as the
various company detachments were assembled in the State ren-
dezvous, and the men became somewhat acquainted with each
other and their surroundings. It was in the long barracks at
Concord ; after the novel cuisine of a company cook-house had
been tested in the meal which at home was called supper ; when
twilight was mellowing every object of vision ; the men were
lounging on their bunks, curious substitutes for the beds just
vacated at home, or sitting on kegs or boxes in the alcoves
between; the minds of all were very susceptible, for new and
wonderful phases of duty and association were leading men of
a steady lifetime into the realm of romance and a strange
experience ; already indescribable thoughts of home and loved

SONGS OF THE VOLUNTEER. 307

ones were beginning to mould the inner life of all the true-
hearted ones into a tenderer devotion. In such a mood, home
behind and a great war before, it was most natural that a timely
song should best avail to voice the subtle and general sentiment.
Perfectly congruous with the occasion, yet rather inappropriate
as it is recalled, was the Southern melody which first trembled,
then swelled through the barracks of a Union regiment when
it was girding itself for the sanguinary strife. It seemed inde-
scribably sweet to our boyish imagination, as we lay there in
the bottom bunk, on its fresh government-blanket with the big
" U. S." in the middle, wondering if the two-hundred-pound
recruit above was likely to fall through and crush us ; thinking
also of the supper-table at home, and a plate that was not turned
and might never be again ; when the plaintive sweet strain
of the plantation-song stole along from a single voice at the
farther end of the barracks, caught up and augmented in vol-
ume as it rolled along, whose refrain was,

" Alabama again ! Alabama again !
I'm going to go back to Alabama again."

In the army, patriotic, sentimental, and comic songs mingled
in grotesque selection : but the lighter and more mirth-provok-
ing airs made little headway, while the questionable songs which
might be expected to gain a place in the freedom of unre-
strained camp-life were almost wholly tabooed ; certainly they
never attained any popularity. Some of the finer plantation
melodies, and the home compositions consonant with the spirit
of the great era, welled up in the rich and grand vocalization of
the mighty army, all the way from Gettysburg to the Gulf,
making resonant every camp and bivouac between the Potomac
and the Rio Grande. Julia Ward Howe's noble hymn, written
in the inspiration of actual contact with the serried hosts of
the North, pouring down to crush treason and its cause, voiced
the highest sentiment of the Union army, and was only sung
when that sentiment was evoked by an occasion which touched
such a lofty chord.

308 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

"Mine eyes have seen the glory of the coming of the Lord ;
He is trampling out the vintage -where the grapes of wrath are stored.
He has loosed the fateful lightning of his terrible swift sword,
His day is marching on."

Members of the Fourteenth heard the author read this magnifi-
cent battle-hymn in the Distribution Camp at Alexandria, soon
after it was written ; but the very grandeur of the piece pre-
cluded its general use. And there was one more popular, and of
absolute universality wherever the Union flag was unfurled.
The verses were varied indefinitely but the key to them all

was, ,

" John Brown's body lies a-mouldering in the grave,
But his soul goes marching on.

Glory, glory, hallelujah !
His soul goes marching on."

As the war dragged on from months into weary years, the song
was occasionally changed, the air and chorus being retained :

" We'll hang Jeff Davis on a sour- apple tree,
While we go marching on."

The verve of an army never shone out in such grand emphasis
and amusing absurdity of expression as when it swelled the
chorus to the above lyrical anathema upon the petticoated
leader of the slaveholders' Rebellion.

This tribute to the arch-traitor reminds us that the Johnnies
had their camp-songs. Some of them, like " Maryland, my
Maryland," and " Dixie," were meritorious, and quite familiar
in the Union camps. There were others extant among the
legions of the Confederacy which did not rise above the dignity
of doggerel. Here is a specimen of the rhythmic measures
employed to fire the Southern heart :

" The South, what though despotic Abe
Now strive her power to kill,
Forever may her banner wave,
And drive him at her will."

SOME REBEL POETRY. 309

One of the Rebel carols is a glorification of their valor in
capturing small Yankee merchant-craft with well-manned gun-
boats, carrying a heavy armament of English cannon. And
thus they sing their triumphs :

" And when our bloody work is done,
We sit us down at set of sun,
And then recount what glorious fun
It was to see the Yankees run
And strike their flag e'er the fight begun."

Just where the blood flowed in the above circumstances, we are
unable to imagine. The sentiment prevailing among the South-
ern soldiery, and more especially with the women of Rebeldom,
is so well voiced in one of their " battle-hymns," that three
stanzas are here given, including the Italics and punctuation of

the author :

" O Christian Dixie's land,

Where " darkies " dwell in peace,
Dear Christian Dixie's land,
Where Heathen orgies cease.

What lures to Dixie's land,

Invaders from the North,
Is it for Afric's sons

To grace their household hearth ?

Oh, touch not Dixie's land,

Ye Yankees full of art !
Her sons shall ne'er again

Be one with you in heart."

If the poets of the sunny South could have saved the Confed-
eracy, it ought to have become almost immortal.

To the soldier musician in the armies of the North, there was
an indefinable charm in negro-melodies ; and they were listened
to always with delight. The following is the first verse of a
favorite in the Fourteenth :

" In the Louisiana Lowlands, not many years ago,
There lived a colored gentleman,
His name was Pompey Snow:
He played upon the banjo,

310 FOURTEENTH' NEW HAMPSHIRE.

And on the tambourine ;

And, for rattling of the bones,
Oh ! his like was never seen.

In the Louisiana Lowlands,

Lowlands, Lowlands,

In the Louisiana Lowlands low."

The following is one verse of a song quite popular ; at one time,
in and out of the army, and much sung throughout the country.
The air, and in fact the words almost, have been appropriated
by the Sunday-school hymners.

" The soldiers are gathering from near and from far,
The trumpet is sounding the call for the war ;
The conflict is raging, 'twill be fearful and long:
Then gird on the armor, and be marching along."

The songs of the soldier were accommodated to his moods.
There were rollicking, saucy waves of temper sweeping over a
company or regiment, when some soloist would strike up, and
draw out a chorus of tremendous emphasis, if not of dulcet har-
monies. And this is what they sang :

" When Johnny comes marching home again,
Hurrah, hurrah!
We'll give him a hearty welcome then,

Hurrah, hurrah!
The men will cheer, the boys will shout,
The ladies they will all turn out,

And we'll all get

When Johnny comes marching home."

Sometimes it was a tender, plaintive note which sounded the
key of the general melody. Beautiful, touching, suggestive of
associations dearest to the soldier, is that song so familiar and
popular during the latter part of the war :

" We're tenting to-night on the old camp-ground:
Give us a song to cheer
Our weary hearts, a song of home,
And friends we love so dear.

SONGS FROM PRISON-PENS. 311

Many are the hearts that are weary to-night,

Wishing for the war to cease ;
Many are the hearts looking for the right,

To see the dawn of peace.
Tenting to-night, tenting to-night,

Tenting on the old camp-ground."

The atrocities and brutal inhumanities of the Rebels to Union
prisoners drew the attention and excited the execration of the
entire North. The sympathy awakened in the army for the
suffering, perishing comrades in Southern prison-pens intensi-
fied the meaning of the song expressive of the soliloquies of the
Union victims, and enhanced its popularity in every regiment.
We give the last verse and the chorus :

" So within the prison-cell we are waiting for the day
That shall come to open wide the iron door ;
And the hollow eye grows bright, and the poor heart almost gay,
As we think of seeing home and friends once more.

Tramp, tramp, tramp, the boys are marching:

Cheer up, comrades, they will come,
And beneath the starry flag we shall breathe the air again,

Of the free land in our own beloved home."

There were two other songs which expressed the deep senti-
ment, the grand enthusiasm, and the sublime purpose of the
Union volunteers, beyond all others sung around the loyal
camp-fires. The one first referred to was the culminating
music of the war, and celebrated the wonderful feat of strategy
planned by Grant and executed by Sherman.

" Bring the good old bugle, boys! we'll sing another song,
Sing it with a spirit that will start the world along,
Sing it as we used to sing it, fifty thousand strong,
While we were marching through Georgia.

Hurrah! hurrah! we bring the jubilee!
Hurrah ! hurrah ! the flag that makes you free !
So we sang the chorus from Atlanta to the sea,
While we were marching through Georgia."

The climax of musical effort in the history of the Fourteenth
was reached on that delightful early-autumn evening in the

312 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Valley, when the army, after a brisk day's march in pursuit of
Early, bivouacked in an undulating field, flanked with forests,
near Charlestown. Rails were plentiful ; great bubbling springs
supplied pure water in abundance ; the men were in excellent
trim ; the enemy was giving way ; and the gleeful conversation
about the big piles of crackling rails attested the high spirits of
the entire army. The usual culinary operations had been per-
formed, and coffee had been exchanged for chat before the twi-
light deepened. From around a conspicuous fire on a hillside,
there came the clear notes of a favorite soloist. From every
regiment in the vicinity the song was re-enforced by the leading
vocalists. Like a contagion the melody spread ; and, at every
camp-fire gathering strength, the volume was swelled and rolled
along till the entire army-corps was drawn into the chorus :

" Yes, we'll rally round the flag, boys, rally once again,
Shouting the battle-cry of freedom !
We will rally from the hillside, we'll rally from the plain,
Shouting the battle-cry of freedom!

The Union forever, hurrah! boys, hurrah!
Down with the traitor, and up with the star!
While we rally round the flag, boys, rally once again,
Shouting the battle-cry of freedom."

Other pieces followed, and other grand outbursts are not for-
gotten ; but that patriotic vesper hymn, " The Battle-Cry of
Freedom," as rendered in the picturesque bivouac of Charles-
town, remains pre-eminent among all the heroic chants and
choral triumphs of Sheridan's army.

While the battle of Cedar Creek practically ended military
operations in the Valley, the tension of war was kept up for
some time. Early returned to Fisher's Hill within a week,
having gathered force enough to make some show and bluster;
but Sheridan never considered him worth much attention, save
that for more than a month the army was actively vigilant, the
men being well employed in picketing, reconnoissances, etc.

THE SOLDIER AND THE BALLOT. 313

November 12 Early was on our front in fall force, while
both sides did considerable manoeuvring without bringing on
more than a skirmish conflict. October 25 Lieut. L. W.
Wright assumed command of Company A.

November 8 the Fourteenth voted for president of the
United States; the Union candidate being President Lincoln,
while those who denounced the war as a failure supported Gen.
George B. McClellan. The New-Hampshire soldiers' vote was,
Lincoln, two thousand and sixty-six ; McClellan, six hundred
and ninety. In the Fourteenth it was four to one in favor of
Lincoln. The wonderful success of Sheridan's Valley campaign
was an important factor in deciding the presidential election.

Soon after the middle of November the troops began prepar-
ing winter-quarters ; but nothing elaborate was attempted, as
the men did not expect to remain in the old Cedar-Creek posi-
tion during the winter. The army of Sheridan had decked
every mound about Cedar Creek with the imperishable laurel
of a dazzling glory, and the famous position had served its end ;
the men did not care to remain unless Early was to repeat his
pranks from Fisher's Hill.

During the first part of December the Sixth Corps left the
Valley for Petersburg. Soon after, the Eighth Corps returned
to Western Virginia ; while the Nineteenth Corps daily ex-
pected orders to join Gen. Grant, but it was destined never to
do so. On the 22d a cavalry reconnoissance brought back the
news that Early was finally out of the Valley. Our work was
done, but we did not know it.

The very last of December the Nineteenth Corps moved
back from Cedar Creek, through Winchester, to a position near
Stephenson's Depot, where excellent quarters were built in
"Camp Sheridan." The practice of standing to arms each
morning was maintained up to, and considerably beyond, this
time. A heavy snow-storm greeted the troops at the very
entrance to the new camp, and there was an exceedingly un-
pleasant state of things for a while.

Company A now had still another commander ; Lieut. L. W.
Wright becoming adjutant December 6, and Capt. Blanchard

314 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

taking command of the company. At the same time Adj. C. D.
Wright became colonel, and assumed command of the regi-
ment December 29.

COL. C. D. WRIGHT.

Carroll D. Wright was born in Dunbarton, July 25, 1840 ; his
father, Rev. N. R. Wright, being a minister in the Universalist
Church. From his birth until the breaking-out of the war, his
father preached successively in Hooksett, Washington, Read-
ing (Mass.), Alstead, Swanzey, and Franklin (Mass.). Carroll
was educated in Washington, Alstead, and Chester (Vt.) Acade-
mies, and in 1860 became a law-student under the direction of
Wheeler & Faulkner, in Keene.

At the time of his enlistment, September 13, 1862, he was a
law-student in the office of Tolman Willey, Esq., Boston, Mass.,
residing in the adjoining cit} r of Cambridge. Mr. Wright was
elected second lieutenant of Company C, and entered the service
as such. February 28, 1863, Lieut. Wright was made A.A.C.
of subsistence, on the brigade-staff. The service of Lieut.
Wright in Washington is partially given in the proper place.
June 27, 1865, he was assigned as A.D.C. on the staff of Gen.
Martindale, in Washington. Soon after, he was transferred to
the provost-marshal's office, where he had charge of the patrols
and the guards at bridges and ferries. November 7 he re-
turned to the regiment, and was made acting-adjutant ; and on
the 7th of the next month received his adjutant's commission.

June 28, 1864, while the Fourteenth was at Morganzia, La.,
Adjt. Wright was again taken from the regiment, and made
A.A.A.G. of the brigade. He continued in this position
throughout the Valley campaign, discharging his duties with
marked fidelity and conspicuous ability. He rendered impor-
tant service on the sanguinary field of the Opequan.

December 28, 1864, he was mustered as colonel of the Four-
teenth, his commission being signed by Gov. Gilmore, December
6. When appointed colonel of the Fourteenth, Col. Wright
had but partially recovered from a severe attack of typho-

Col. Carroll. D. Wright..

COL. C. D. WRIGHT. 315

malarial fever ; and the exposure of camp-life in winter was too
severe. He retained command of the regiment for but a brief
period, yet for a portion of that time he was in command of the
brigade. Col. Wright resigned his commission February 9,
1865, and was discharged from the army March 18. Not until
some time after the war closed, did he measurably recover his
health.

After the war closed, Col. Wright, the third, last, and only
living colonel of the Fourteenth, resumed his law-studies ; and
in October, 1865, was admitted to the bar at Keene. Col.
Wright's intention of settling down to the practice of law in
Keene was frustrated by his broken health, and he engaged in
the furniture business. Recovering, he was admitted to the bar
in Boston, and began, in October, 1867, the practice of patent-
law with great success. In 1871 he was elected to the Massa-
chusetts Senate, and re-elected the next year. In 1873 he was
appointed, by Gov. Washburn, Chief of Bureau of Statistics of
Labor ; which office he now holds, and in which he is a recog-
nized authority throughout the country and the world.

In 1876 Col. Wright was a Republican presidential elector
for Massachusetts, and served as the secretary of the State
electoral college. He took the census of Massachusetts in 1875
and in 1880. In 1879 Col. Wright delivered a course of lectures
before the Lowell Institute, and was a University lecturer at
Harvard in 1881. He is an expert on the factory s} r stem for
the United-States census, and has officially investigated the
system in Europe.

A bare statement of the services of Col. Wright is sufficient.
His eminent fitness for the highest position in the Fourteenth
Regiment is unquestioned ; and throughout the existence of the
organization Col. Carroll D. Wright helped to make it what it
was at its best, and was and is an honor to it.

December 6, 1864, Capt. F. L. Tolman, of Company E, was
made major of the Fourteenth. He continued in command of
the regiment until the 29th, when Col. Wright assumed the
authority.

316 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

THE GEORGIA CAMPAIGN.

It was the lot of the Fourteenth Regiment to round out its
service and close its career in the war of the Rebellion, in a
most interesting if not dramatic manner. Its final experiences
were less thrilling and imposing than those of the veterans who
confronted Lee at Five Forks and Appomattox ; yet its last
months of duty in the South, while not easy nor free from the
dread ravages of disease, were still constantly eventful and full
of somewhat novel episodes. An entirely new field was entered ;
and the scenes and services of the regiment in 1865 were impor-
tant to the organization itself in placing it among those who
saw most of the Southern country, and encountered the war in
most of its varied phases.

Suppose the Fourteenth had remained in the Valley until
mustered out : its final service must have proved tame, and its
end unsatisfactory. As it was, t]ie regiment was in scenes of
excitement to the close of the war ; and, in fact, bore a share
in the culminating event, the capture of the arch-traitor, the
petticoat hero, the starver of our Union boys, the still unrecon-
structed, rabid Rebel, Jefferson Davis. Furthermore, the Four-
teenth enjoyed the rare opportunity of studying life in the heart
of the South, during the secession era, but after the Rebellion
was practically crushed, and in a locality where a Yankee soldier
had never before been seen. The Southern life of the olden
time was all undisturbed; and society, under the "peculiar
institution," was not broken up, although upon the verge of
irretrievable collapse.

On the 5th of January, 1865, the second division of the Nine-

MAJOR F. L. TOLMAN. 317

teenth Corps left its winter camp, and quitted the Valley for-
ever. It was but the initiatory step to the dissolution of the
organization ; for while the first division remained in the Valley
until April 20, the order discontinuing the grand old Nineteenth
Corps was issued from the War Department, March 20. Sheri-
dan left Winchester, February 17, and marched up the Valley
to Waynesborough with all the cavalry, where he captured the
remnant of Early's army, the apple-jack hero himself barely
escaping with a small guard. Our corps commander, Gen.
Emory, remained at Stephenson's Depot in command of the
troops.

When Sheridan left the Valley to join Grant, Gen. W. S.
Hancock took command of the department, and at once made
himself immensely unpopular by issuing an order forbidding all
men in the ranks to wear boots. It was an unnecessary and
contemptible order, and caused much suffering in the midst of
the prevailing snow, ice, and mud.

A portion of the second division left the valley on the 5th of
January, 1865 ; but the Fourteenth did not start until the 6th.
At eight A.M. the line was formed ; at one P.M. the regiment
took the train, reaching Harper's Ferry at three, and there tarry-
ing until six o'clock. Major Tolman was again in command,
Col. Wright having gone to the hospital seriously sick.

MAJOR P. L. TOLMAN.

Flavel L. Tolman was born in Fitchburg, Mass., May 4, 1840.
He left home when but eight years old, there being a large fam-
ily ; and from that time he earned his own living. For the
first four years after leaving home he worked on a farm, for his
board, clothing, and schooling, very little of the latter.

When thirteen, he determined upon bettering his situation,
and started for the city. Securing a position in a store for two
weeks, he remained four years, rising rapidly to a responsible
position. But he never forgot his rural home, and never lost
his taste for farm-life, a point wherein he happily differed
from the average country boy hurrying to the city. Mr. Tol-

318 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

man showed the true grit and industry in his earlier years, con-
tending with obstacles which would have abashed a less resolute
youth.

When nineteen years old he bought a farm, and married
Eliza Brown of Templeton, Mass., his bride being but seven-
teen. When the war broke out, the necessities of business and
the ties of home restrained him sufficiently to induce him to
forego his desire to enter his country's service. But in 1862 he
determined to go, and enlisted in Company G, in August.

He entered the service as orderly-sergeant, and March 1,
1863, was promoted to be second lieutenant. He was advanced
to a first lieutenantcy October 17, 1863. On the 1st of Janu-
ary, 1864, Lieut. Tolman became captain of Company E; and
December 6, of the same year, he became major of the regi-
ment. It will be seen that Major Tolman's rise was rapid, and
he was possessed of eminently popular qualities. There were
few officers in the Fourteenth so generally and so highly es-
teemed by the men throughout the regiment. While captain,
he commanded the regiment immediately after the battle of
the Opequan, and thereafter until its arrival in Harrisonburg.

As major, he again commanded the regiment, from the resig-
nation of Col. Wright until the commissioning of Lieut.-Col.
Marston. Major Tolman won a most honorable position in the
service of his country ; and, in the crucial hour of battle, his
fortitude and coolness commanded the high respect of all whom
he led.

After his return to civil life Major Tolman suffered severely
from disease, but afterward was fully restored to health ; and
has since had the direction of one of the finest stock-farms in
New England.

IN HOSPITAL.

A single colossal feature of the war illustrated the progress of
civilization, and the curious contradictions of modern warfare.
In fact, the American people were noble in their sanitary char-
ity, and the government was mercifully inconsistent : securing
every ingenious device for killing men ; demanding of its de-

THE SICK SOLDIERS. 319

fenders an endurance and sacrifice which could only result in
disability for a terrible percentage of the quotas mustered, it
astonished the world, and shamed the martial powers of Europe,
in the wonderful extent, completeness, and humanity of the ap-
pliances for ministering to the sick and wounded of our armies,
as well as for the disabled prisoners taken from the enemy.

The veteran who appreciates the magnificent enterprise and
administration of the government, in its care for the diseased,
wounded, and crippled defenders of the Union, will not only
refrain from all harsh criticism, but will award the full meed of
praise. Such a system of general hospitals, so furnished and
supplied, the world has never seen. The medical staff, the
remedies and appliances, the ambulance department, the rail-
way transportation of the sick and wounded, all the details
affecting the safety, comfort, and restoration of patients* were
managed with an efficiency surpassing the expectation of the
most sanguine.

That there were cruel suffering, privation, and exposure, can-
not be denied; and there were instances when "somebody
blundered." Such mishaps and sufferings were inevitable inci-
dents of a great war, and were cheerfully risked by the brave
men who could suffer, as well as die, without complaining. No
roseate and inexperienced view is here presented. The writer,
badly wounded, was obliged to tramp a long way on foot, after
a great battle, and then endure transportation during a whole
night, reclining on the bottom of a government-wagon with no
springs, a little straw keeping him and four suffering comrades
from the hard flooring. Jolting over a rough road in such a
plight for sixteen hours is not a discipline calculated to prompt
any undeserved laudation of Uncle Sam's sanitary facilities :
but we understood that the government was doing its best ;
and when in that old church at Martinsburg, in the early morn-
ing, we lay down for rest and the sweet refreshment of deli-
cious coffee and soft bread ; and when the train bore us on, on,
out of the flash and flame and death-grip of a sanguinary cam-
paign, into the wondrous rest, peace, and healing of the palatial
wards of Mower General Hospital, Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia,

320 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

we thanked God for a government whose resources and ten-
derness were alike inexhaustible.

The United-States hospital-service involved many factors.
If a soldier survived to reach one of the monster sanitary
asylums referred to, every chance for life he possessed was
carefully conserved. The difficulty lay back of that. Every
observer knew that a surgeon on the battle-field or in a field-
hospital was a reckless amputator. It was less trouble to lop off
a limb than to restore it to use again. Cruel and criminal was
much of their needless, hideous carving. Yet there were occa-
sions when such a reflection would have been unjust. When
the wounded came in by cords, overwhelming the weary sur-
geons, amputation or neglect were alternative ; and the latter
generally meant death.

In the regimental, post, and general hospitals, angels bright
and ubiquitous ministered patiently and nobty to the suffering
ones. The nurses, male and female, were worthy almoners of
the grand charities they represented. In the darkness and sick-
ening atmosphere of that church in Martinsburg, Va., where
several hundred men lay so thick that moving was difficult,
there was witnessed a spectacle which glorified woman, and
woman's work for the soldiers of the Union, in a manner which
left an indelible impression upon all who were privileged to see.
A lovely woman, possessing to a remarkable degree the charms
of her sex, was there ministering to the groaning company. A
stalwart soldier, who had just lost a leg at Cedar Creek, strug-
gled on to his one foot, and essayed to move across the church.
He was unequal to the task ; when that woman stepped to his
side, placed her shoulder under his own, and supported him in
the disagreeable journey. Her service there was an unspeaka-
ble sacrifice, and the incident is adduced only to illustrate a
devotion so common that its gentleness and worth and beauty
were not adequately valued. It

" Showed us how divine a thing
A woman may be made."

WOMAN'S devotion: 321

This heroic devotion was made possible, and was supple-
mented, by the universal uprising and enduring endeavors of
the women throughout the North who remained at home.
Organized into ladies' aid-societies, the fertility of invention,
delicacy of adaptation, and volume of results, were beyond com-
putation. Every community throughout the several States
helped to swell the immense contributions of comforts and
delicacies which found their way to every camp and hospital
where human weakness and suffering: were clad in the honored
blue.

The Sanitary and Christian Commissions were the agencies
for distribution ; the latter organization adding to its efforts in
the direction of physical relief a systematic provision for the
intellectual and spiritual wants of the soldiers. This commis-
sion recognized the fact that a soldier was a man, with manly
aspirations and an eternal destiny. The warnings, invitations,
and consolations of the Christian faith were most appropriately
brought home to those who existed in the closest proximity to
the realm of immortality. Both the Sanitary and Christian
Commissions were so admirably managed that they won the
indorsement of government and the confidence of the whole
army.

Life in hospital was exceedingly agreeable to the volunteer
up to the period of convalescence, when, if he was ambitious,
it became irksome. There were those who exhausted every
artifice to remain as long as possible, but most of the men re-
turned to their commands with alacrity. There was one class
of men in the army, which was made useful as nurses, and they
might as well have been enlisted as such, for they were worth-
less in the ranks : so it came about that the hospitals were
manned by those volunteers who naturally took to nursing, but
were beyond the age of active service. One man in the Four-
teenth was sixty-three years old when mustered, but passed for
forty-five.

Camp Distribution, near Alexandria, was the inevitable and
undesirable outlet from hospital to regiment, although the pro-
visions for comfort and entertainment were excellent. Several

322 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

thousand men were there constantly ; an ever-shifting company
waiting for transportation to their regiments, and often waiting
for months.

A soldier's regiment was his home, but it was a very nomadic
institution. Wounded members of the Fourteenth left their
command in Northern Virginia, and rejoined it in the southern
portion of Georgia. The sick side of a soldier's life was always
pathetic, frequently pitiable. To be shot down in battle was
to die like a man ; but to waste away, far from home, losing
day by day the vitality and ambition of life, was a transforma-
tion to be dreaded by the victim and deplored by his comrades.
But to mitigate this calamity, and to heal the gaping wounds
of battle, the power, the philanthropy, and the Christian conse-
cration, of the land united in a purpose and an achievement
which stands as one of the crowning glories of the age.

The transportation of the regiment out of the Valley suggests
the romance and vicissitudes of railroading throughout Upper
Virginia during the war. Every mile of road had its episode.
At Martinsburg occurred the wholesale destruction of Baltimore
and Ohio Railroad property by Stonewall Jackson. After bat-
tering out of all former semblance such machinery as he could
not make use of, and burning the coaches, cars, and buildings,
Jackson determined upon carrying away with him six or eight
of the Baltimore and Ohio engines. The familiar remark, to the
effect that a man would carry off a red-hot stove if it were not
for the difficulty in handling it, would seem to apply to the
making-off with half-a-dozen locomotives with no rail upon which
to run them. This obstacle, however, did not deter Stonewall
from getting away with the locomotives ; one of his officers so
rigging them up that powerful teams managed to pull them
back through the country to a railway-line in possession of the
Confederates, upon which they were placed and used during the
war.

This same officer, who accomplished results which hardly any

WAR RAILROADING. 323

other man would have thought of as practicable, was afterward
the master of transportation of the road from which he confis-
cated the engines.

The Fourteenth became quite familiar with the Baltimore
and Ohio road, and traversed the beautiful sections of country
which it penetrates, under rather unfavorable conditions for
tourist enjoyments : yet few of the veterans can forget the
importance of the road to ourselves or the marvellous beauty
of its routes.

" During all the stormy and disastrous years of the war, the management
proved the master-hand at the helm. Running through the reports of that
period of calamity and distraction, the same indomitable tone is manifested,
the unflinching purpose and the determined will to conquer difficulties.
The road first, all else after it.

" No man rendered greater service to the country in her darkest hours of
peril, and no instrument could have been more powerful in rendering this
assistance, than an unobstructed railway. Bridges were burned, only to be
replaced the following day. Miles of track were torn up, and put down again
almost before the destroying forces were gone from sight. Engines were
stolen, and new ones filled their places as rapidly as wheels could be turned
in covering the distance. Entire trains were sacrificed to the flames, tele-
graph-wires demolished, and station-houses razed to the ground, and disaster
followed upon disaster. The main stem of the road penetrated the heart of
war operations; and, increase as might the destruction following in their
wake, the unshakable man in Baltimore devised counter movements, and
was a very Napoleon in strategic force and quickness of action."

At eight A.M., January 7, the Fourteenth arrived in Baltimore,
and remained there three days awaiting transportation. A por-
tion of the regiment occupied barracks, while the remainder
went into tents. On the 10th the regiment went on board the
steamship " Ariel," and about noon of the next day the steamer
sailed. On the morning of the 12th the "Ariel" arrived at
Fortress Monroe, and in the afternoon sailed through Hampton
Roads to Newport News, where the men went ashore. The
next day the} r re-embarked, and started for Savannah.

On the night of the 15th the vessel lay off Port Royal, and
on the morning of the 16th proceeded to the mouth of the
Savannah River ; and on the 17th the Fourteenth reached its
destination.

324 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

During the war Savannah was one of the most beautiful
cities of the South. It was compact, regularly laid out, pic-
turesquely located, and its streets were bountifully adorned with
shade-trees. Some of the streets, notably Broad Street, were
wide avenues containing four rows of trees; the centre rows
forming a continuous park. When the war broke out, the city
contained about twenty thousand inhabitants.

Savannah was a favored city throughout the conflict until
near its close, and was not subject to the ravages of war. It
was a thriving port of contraband trade for the Confederacy,
and its inhabitants were prosperous beyond most sections of
Rebeldom. Savannah was an intensely Rebel town, and the
Fourteenth found it conquered but not subdued.

When the second division occupied Savannah, the troops were
taken up the river on small transport-steamers ; a narrow cut
having been made through the river barricade which had proved
an effectual bar to the passage of Union gunboats. This barri-
cade was sunk about three miles below the city, at Fort Jack-
son. The Rebel government of Savannah had torn up the fine
stone paving of Whitaker Street with which to fill and sink the
pontoon obstructions, and relegated one of the best streets in
the city to a sand-bank or mud-hole, according to the season.

When the Fourteenth entered Savannah, Sherman's army
was leaving it; the inhabitants bitterly hating the "Yankee
bummers." The city was in a peculiar condition. Terror, hate,
doubt, foreboding, were sentiments which predominated among
the inhabitants at first. The civil government was entirely
superseded : the city was taken entirely out of the hands of its
inhabitants, and was governed by military officials through-
out ; one of the Fourteenth men being a street-commissioner.
Not a citizen of Savannah had a store or a shop open : the
trading was all done by permits from the commanding general ;
business of every kind was dead ; and the railroad communica-
tion had been destroyed by Rebel and by Union troops, from
opposite motives.

Savannah was a body corporate in a state of suspended ani-
mation. The Fourteenth was at once assigned to provost-duty,

IN SAVANNAH. 325

and it was done in a manner to inspire confidence and win the
respect of the Rebel partisans. The regiment was more expe-
rienced and proficient in provost-duty than any other in the
department ; and its excellent discipline and reliable service was
a potent factor in restoring confidence, and reviving a sentiment
favorable to the government, at a critical period.

The Fourteenth was, with the exception of the two first days,
quartered in buildings in the heart of the city, until the last of
February, when it went into camp in stockaded A tents, in a
railroad cotton-yard west of the city. It was also relieved of
all special duty in the city at the same time. The duty of the
regiment in the city began on the 19th.

On the 27th the last of Sherman's army, the Twentieth Corps,
left Savannah to join his force moving through South Carolina.
On the 28th occurred an extensive conflagration, involving the
destruction of the arsenal filled with shells and other dangerous
explosive combustibles. Details of the Fourteenth heroically
removed shells from the burning magazine until they began to
explode. Pieces of shells were thrown into all parts of the city;
and the troops were obliged to withdraw to the shelter of a safe
distance, and allow the fire to take its course until the next
day. The scene was one of great- excitement and terror among
the inhabitants.

An immense number of refugees flocked to Savannah after
its occupation by the Union army. White Unionists who had
been hiding in the mountains, swamps, and forests of Georgia,
South Carolina, and Northern Florida, to escape the conscription;
deserters from the Rebel army ; and sufferers from Sherman's
march, sought the protection of the Union lines, many of them
utterly destitute.

Thousands of negroes followed in Sherman's trail, some of
them travelling hundreds of miles in the search for freedom.
During the winter strenuous efforts were made by the Rebel
authorities to prevent their escape to Savannah. They were
pursued by bloodhounds, and often shot down like dogs when
caught; and sometimes, out of a large number who started from

326 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

the interior, only two or three would reach Savannah, and these
in a most forlorn condition.

To provide for the colored refugees and the most destitute of
the whites, refugee-camps were established, under the charge
of Lieut. M. M. Holmes, of Company H.

What to do with the negro, was a vexed problem to the gov-
ernment ; and in the absence of any settled policy each army-
commander acted largely according to his own views.

On the 16th of January, 1865, Gen. Sherman issued General
Order, No. 15, which provided that " The islands from Charles-
ton, south, the abandoned rice-fields along the river for thirty
miles back from the sea, and the country bordering on the St.
John's River in Florida, are reserved and set apart for the set-
tlement of the negroes now made free by the acts of war and
the proclamation of the President of the United States."

Gen. Rufus Saxton was appointed " Inspector of Settlements
and Plantations," and a regular system of settlement of the sea-
islands was adopted. These islands are very rich, and produce
the celebrated sea-island cotton. A steamboat made regular trips
between Savannah and the islands ; and providing each man,
woman, and child with rations for thirty days, Lieut. Holmes
sent forward over twenty thousand between January and July,
while many others were found employment in Savannah and
elsewhere. Scantily clad, and weakened by the hardship and
exposure experienced in reaching Savannah, many died during
the winter ; but in the spring and early summer the mortality
was small, which was partly owing to the weather, and partly
to the better regulations of the camp.

Corpl. H. E. Poor was detailed at the white camp. With few
exceptions, the refugees here did not remain long, but found
employment or a place to stay elsewhere ; many of them, how-
ever, still drawing government rations. For many weeks after
the capture of Savannah, almost the entire population drew
rations from the government.

A JOLLY DETAIL. 327

FORT PULASKI.

March 5 Capt. C. P. Hall, with his company (C) and enough
men from the rest of the regiment to make up the number to
sixty, received orders to be ready to take steamer for Fort
Pulaski. They did not get off till the next morning, owing to
lack of transportation. They landed at the fort about nine
o'clock, and relieved the troops who were occupying it. Capt.
Hall took command of the fort and the adjacent islands.

Fort Pulaski is situated on Cockspur Island, Ga., at the head
of Tybee Roads, commanding both channels of the Savannah
River. The position is a very strong one. It was captured
from the Rebels in April, 1862, by Gen. Q. A. Gillmore, after a
bombardment of thirty-two hours. Its capture demonstrated
the fact new to this country that bricks and mortar cannot
stand before rifled cannon. The walls of the fort, seven and
one-half feet thick, and twenty-five feet high above high water,
were battered down so as to make two openings through to
the casemates, and the ditch, forty-five feet wide, upon the out-
side of the fort, was so filled with the debris, that the troops
marched through the opening when they took possession of the
fort.

At the time the fort was occupied by the Fourteenth, the
breach had been repaired ; but shells were still sticking in the
walls in several places. It had an armament of sixty guns,
ranging from twelve-pounder James rifles to ten-inch Colurn-
biads and hundred-pounder Parrott rifles; twenty-two thousand
pounds of power, a proportionate amount of shot and shell, and
all the material necessary to make the outfit of an old-line fort
complete.

This opened a new field to our boys. Capt. Hall received an
order the next day after he took command to drill his men regu-
larly upon the heavy guns. They did not know the difference
between a casemate and a barbette gun, a Columbiad and a
Parrott, the chase of a cannon and the re-enforce. But a
search brought a copy of heavy-artillery tactics, and the next
mail from New York another: so that a fortnight had not

328 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

elapsed before the boys were somewhat familiar with sponge
and rammer and handspike; and three months had not passed
before they responded as readily to the commands, " Load !"
" In battery ! " " Fire ! " as to the " Right-shoulder-shift arms ! "
of their musket drill.

During our stay there, we fired over two thousand pounds of
powder in salutes, one hundred and fifty guns at the surrender
of Lee, and two hundred guns upon the day of public mourning
for President Lincoln. We were differently situated here from
any other place in our service. The river abounded in fish and
the very nicest oysters ; and the boys had them fried, stewed,
fricasseed, "on the half shell," and many another way suggested
by the ingenuity of a soldier. There was a bakery connected
with the fort, so that the boys had soft bread instead of hard-
tack.

We had communication with Savannah and Hilton Head
(S.C.), by telegraph and steamer. We had a number of sail and
row boats, with a good boat's crew who could make quick trips
to Savannah, eighteen miles away, when the steamers were not
frequent enough. Many of the boys enjoyed more boating and
sea-bathing here than in all their lives previous.

On the 15th of May, Chief-Justice Chase, then on a tour of
inspection along the coast, visited the fort, accompanied by his
daughter and Gen. Gillmore, in command of the department.
As they came up the river, they were received by the " regula-
tion " salute of fifteen guns. During the three hours' stay,
Gen. Gillmore explained to the distinguished visitor, from sev-
eral positions, the details of his remarkable siege of three years
before. As Judge Chase stepped on board the steamer to
proceed on his tour, he said to Capt. Hall, taking his hand,
" Captain, when you write to your friends, tell them that a
New- Hampshire boy has been to see you."

During our stay at Fort Pulaski, an order was received to be
on the lookout for a Rebel ironclad which was expected some-
where along our coast. From the first, a schooner carrying a
thirteen-inch mortar had lain in the Roads, below the fort,
ready for any emergency ; and now a gunboat, commanded by

OFFICIAL WHISKEY. 329

Commodore Morris of " Merrimac " and " Monitor " notoriety,
was sent into the river opposite the fort. The mortar-schooner
also moved up and took position just below the gunboat. A
plan of signals was agreed upon, so that the action could be con-
certed if the anticipated visitor should appear. But the conflict
was in the Bay of Biscay, and the Rebel cruiser never appeared
on this side the sea. Had the attempt been made to pass up the
river, the plan was to sink the schooner across the channel oppo-
site the fort, and to fight her with a battery of four hundred-
pounder Parrrott guns, stationed behind a breastwork of sand just
at the water's edge ; while the gunboat would fight from above
the schooner.

But little use was to be made of the fort. It must be said,
that, at one of the interviews for arranging the plan of action,
Commodore Morris was so beastly drunk as to unfit him for
any business ; and during the three weeks of his stay, I never
saw him, on ship or shore, when he was not under the influence
of liquor. And this is the man of whom the poets have sung as
" the gallant Morris." In fact, it has been told me that in that
very action with "The Merrimac," he was much of the time
below deck and "very weary," while his lieutenant was man-
aging " The Cumberland." Liquor was the curse of our army,
and its blighting touch was felt even in the Fourteenth.

At midnight upon one of the last days of May, a war-vessel
steamed up the river, anchored off the wharf, and sent a boat
ashore. Upon landing, the corporal of the guard escorted the
two officers which the boat contained to the fort; where they
presented papers showing that they were from Richmond, Va.,
with orders to deliver three very important prisoners into the
custody of the fort. These were the noted Rebels Campbell and
R. M. T. Hunter, famous in connection with the peace negotia-
tions early in 1861, the latter once Secretary of State of the
Confederacy, and ex-Secretary of War Siddons. Lieut. King,
with a suitable guard, conducted the prisoners from the boat ;
and they were given two rooms, where they were kept closely
confined at night, while in the daytime they were allowed the
privileges of the inside of the fort, always under the eye of
the guard.

330 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Campbell and Siddons were tall, spare men, of the Clay type
of Southrons, very morose and exclusive in their manner; but
Hunter was one of those fat, "jolly good fellows," who soon
become acquainted and make friends wherever they go, how-
ever uncongenial the elements by which they are surrounded.
The very next morning he began negotiations with the boj^s to
get him some whiskey from Savannah, giving them greenbacks
to make the purchase and get something for their trouble. He
would talk very freely of political matters, and seemed espe-
cially to delight in recalling memories of his twelve years in
the United-States Senate, speaking of the character of its mem-
bers, and relating incidents of Congressional life. He was a
good story-teller, and candid in his judgment of men.

Nothing could be drawn from the others save the briefest
answers to questions proposed. Upon their landing at the
wharf, Siddons handed his valise to one of the boys to bring to
the fort, half a mile distant; but the "Northern clodhopper"
turned upon the Southern aristocrat, saying, " I have quit car-
rying carpet-bags for Rebels ; " and the gentleman realized on
that midnight march that things are not as they were.

Early in May, Fort Pulaski was made the quarantine-station
for Savannah, and the post-surgeon was appointed quarantine-
officer. We were ordered to place a twelve-pounder upon the
wharf, and, in case vessels refused to heave to, fire across their
bows to remind them of what was required. The next morn-
ing Commodore Morris came on shore, and asked what that
gun meant. Upon being told, he said, " i" have control of these
waters. If you fire upon any vessel, I shall consider it an insult,
and shall open upon the fort at once." He was told that he
could do so if he thought best. But there was no occasion for
his putting his threat into execution. Upon reporting the mat-
ter the next day to Gen. Grover, commanding the district, he
replied, "You have your orders."

The detachment was relieved June 5, and returned to the
regiment at Savannah. Lieut. King, who had been detailed in
March as acting assistant commissary of subsistence, acting
assistant quartermaster, and provost-marshal of the post, was

PARADES AND REVIEWS. 331

not relieved till about ten days after the detachment. Those
who were at Fort Pulaski have some of the pleasantest memo-
ries, of the time spent there, of their entire army life.

Early in March the convalescent wounded men returned to
the regiment in considerable numbers, thirteen arriving by one
boat on the 1st.

Sunday, the 5th, the regiment had dress-parade. On the 6th
the entire division was reviewed by Inspector-Gen. Williams ;
and the next day the quarters were inspected by Gen. Williams,
accompanied by the division and brigade commanders.

March 11 Lieut. A. W. Richardson took command of Com-
pany F, a position which he held to the end. About this time
it was rumored, that, while the division was to leave the city,
the Fourteenth would remain. Many officers in the regiment
occupied important positions in the city, and the administrative
phases of military duty were growing in responsibility as the
final collapse of the Rebellion approached. The excellent
morale of the Fourteenth, together with its peculiar fitness for
the service then required, made it probable that it would re-
main. On the morning of the 13th the regiment was again
inspected by one of Gen. Grover's staff.

In the afternoon the regiment changed its camp, moving into
A-tents, half a mile south of the city, about on a continuation
of Whitaker Street with the fine parade-ground between the
camp and the city. The boys will remember the magnificent
park at the head of Bull Street, and on the edge of the city
nearest the camp.

On the 14th the regiment voted for State officers. We are
unable to give the totals, but in Company F there were seven
Republican and three Democratic votes cast. On the 17th the
Ninth Conn, remembered St. Patrick's Day, also their own dis-
grace in the Valley ; and they made a fine parade through the
principal streets. On the 18th the brigade of colored troops
stationed in the city was reviewed by Gen. Williams, and made
a remarkably fine appearance.

332 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

On the 21st, fatigue-details from the regiment began work on
the defences two miles east of the city. The immense half-
moon breastworks of the Rebels were deemed inadequate, and
a desperate attempt to recover Savannah to the Confederacy
was among the possibilities to be provided for.

Daring the latter part of March, diarrhoea was prevalent in
the regiment.

On the afternoon of the 24th the troops were reviewed by
Gen. Grover, and directly following the parade of the white
regiment came a review of the colored brigade. The Fifty-
fourth Mass., especially, made a fine appearance on the march.

A brigade dress-parade on the 26th, with a review of the
brigade, marked an era in the associations of the Fourteenth ; as
the old first brigade was dissolved, and the Eighth and Eigh-
teenth Ind. became a part of the brigade, with the colonel of
the Eighth, Brev. Brig.-Gen. W. W. Washburn, as brigade
commander. He became popular with the Fourteenth, and he
was a man of decided ability. On the 29th came the monthly
inspection ; and April 1 the brigade was reviewed by Gen.
Washburn, while on the 2d there was a brigade dress-parade.

These parades and reviews were continued; and we have
alluded to them particularly in order to show the excellent
state of discipline maintained in the Fourteenth, while in so
many commands there was a laxity, as the war drew to a close,
which amounted almost to demoralization among those troops
not immediately confronting the enemy.

The quartermaster, at this time, issued a novel but timely
article, a mosquito-netting. Not half the men knew how to
adjust them to advantage; and some, in disgust, cut them up,
and spread the pieces over the head at night.

April 12 the writer went with the excursion, on the steamer
" Blackstone," to Hilton Head and Charleston. The officers of
the department participated in a grand ball at Hilton Head,
given by Gen. Q. A. Gillmore and staff, and then proceeded to
join in the celebration connected with raising the original flag
on Fort Sumter, which Major Anderson hauled down to the
enemy in 1861, and which Gen. Anderson raised again with his
own hands April 14, 1865.

OUR COLORS ON SUMTER. 833

It was a notable event ; and when, as the battle-scarred
ensign touched the peak, the flags waved, the score of bands
struck up patriotic airs, the shouts of the assembled thousands
welled up from within those battered walls, and the thunders of
more than one hundred cannon from forts, batteries, and men-
of-war, shook the very harbor, then it seemed that the down-
fall of a cursed conspiracy and the triumph of the Union were
fittingly proclaimed on ground desecrated by the one and for-
ever hallowed by the other.

Six flags of our brigade were taken to Fort Sumter on this
occasion by the color-sergeant of the Fourteenth, by order of
Gen. Washburn ; and the colors of the regiment were rarely
flung to the breeze amid more enthusiasm than was stirred on
the sand-bags and debris of ruined but grand old Sumter.
And yet on the evening of that gala-day in Charleston Harbor,
while the ships were brilliant and the waters a blaze of light
from the splendid naval illumination, at that very hour the
noble and beloved war President, of a Union restored, was shot
down by a Rebel assassin. The news did not reach the troops
in Savannah until the 18th.

The army loved Abraham Lincoln, and sincerely mourned his
loss ; sorrow being tempered by the strong desire for an adequate
expression of the universal indignation.

April 22 Capt. O. H. Marston of Company K, having been
made lieutenant-colonel of the regiment, assumed command, and
held it until the battalion mustered out of service. No colonel
was appointed to succeed Col. Wright, because of an insufficient
number of men to allow of more than two field-officers.

On the 25th the troops of the post were reviewed by Gen.
Q. A. Gillmore, commander of the department. On the 30th
the regiment was mustered for pay, and the same day a report
was received of Johnston's surrender to Sherman.

May 2 the troops in Savannah paraded in memory of the
martyred President, minute-guns being fired all day. It was
ordered that regimental colors be draped for six months.

Thus the army witnessed great dramatic contrasts, and expe-
rienced wonderful revulsions of feeling. It was but a few days

334 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

before, when, in the wild, glad delirium of joy, and the intoxica-
tion of triumph, the soldiers of the Union were -celebrating the
downfall of Richmond and the surrender of Lee. Some of the
Fourteenth boys engaged in the combination-whiskey ration
business to such an extent, that, in celebrating the fall of Rich-
mond, they were found in a lethargy equal to that into which
the Southern Confederacy had fallen.

However the grand old Arm} 7 of the Potomac might rest on
its arms, we in Savannah were impressed with the feeling that
great vigilance and activity were indispensable farther south.
No one could predict what the desperate Southrons might do.

It was asserted that the scattered fragments of the Rebel
armies would retire to the mountains of North Carolina and
Georgia, and there continue the struggle. Again, it was feared
that the South would be overrun and converted into a realm of
terror by marauding guerilla-bands. Among the possibilities
was the attempt to retain the Gulf States, contracting the Con-
federacy to narrower bounds. Jeff Davis had escaped ; and it
was not known what fanaticism he might be able to excite, and
maintain for an indefinite time. No one anticipated the actual
and utter collapse which so directly followed Lee's surrender.
The Fourteenth expected to see important service before seces-
sion should be finally and indisputably stamped out.

May 3 Gen. Washburn took his brigade out for drill, and it
was never handled in better fashion. The day was made gala
and conspicuous in Savannah by the firing of nine hundred
guns, and by other demonstrations, in honor of Lee's surrender.

On the 5th the Fourteenth received orders to be ready to
march at once.

The stay of the regiment had been pleasant. Most of the
officers occupied better quarters than any they had previously
enjoyed. Important positions were held by officers and men.
The rank and file enjoyed remarkable privileges. Acquaint-
ances and even friends were made ; while it is to be just
whispered that several of the Yankee boys became " engaged "
to the Savannah girls, some of the troths being plighted in
good faith. Members of the regiment were engaged in teaching

A SNARLING SOLDIER. 335

in the colored evening-schools, and in many ways ties were

being formed which made a continuance in Savannah very

agreeable. But the instability of military associations with
places was emphasized by the order alluded to.

THE VOLUNTEER GRUMBLER.

Among the grievous chronic complaints with which perhaps
every camp and regiment was afflicted, that of growling won
for itself a distinguished consideration. There was hardly a
company which could not boast of its champion fault-finder ; and
this unhappy patriot never enjoyed a fair day, a good ration, or
a brilliant dress-parade.

His cursing apparatus anticipated all the triumphs of the
Gatling gun, and he was at all times judicially impartial in the
delivery of his denunciatory volleys.

If he was a pest, it is to be set to his credit that he saved
camp-life from monotony : if his constant refrain was miserere,
and he ever demonstrated himself an unabatable nuisance, still
he formed a handy and legitimate butt for jokes, and often
unwittingly gendered and diffused a tonic joviality throughout
his company street ; while some of his ilk were promoted to be
patriarchs of discontent, their surpassing qualities as unmiti-
gated scolds entitling them to a regimental or even wider
notoriety.

This unamiable defender of the flag vented his lugubrious
whines on all occasions, and he astonished the raw recruits by
the promiscuousness of his complaints. His plaint anticipated
reveille, and survived tattoo. After listening to his hourly dia-
tribes for about two years, we became accustomed to them, and,
if not so eagerly anticipated, they were at least as familiar, as
the dinner-call or taps ; and if by any miracle his howls could
have ceased for a day, a sense of loss would have pervaded the
entire battalion.

But he never died ; he never was shot ; he was so tough that
diarrhoea or chills-and-fever never could make any respectable
headway in his system ; he never was in hospital, except loug

336 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

enough to get some points against surgeons, nurses, diet, and
medicines. Whatever was, was wrong with our snarling com-
rade ; and it was with great pity that we pondered the possibili-
ties of his home life. There he must have been a tyrant : in the
army he was a fangless serpent. If he remained in camp, he
declared that he never got a chance at a good thing ; if he was
detailed for duty, he complained that the hardest service always
fell to his lot. The rations were either poor or insufficient.
Somebody was constantly taking some advantage of him: he
was always losing something, and darkly hinting at theft.

He had not character enough to warrant knocking him down,
and in games of meanness he took the laurel at every joust.
There was nothing sly about the growler : he showed a bare
breast, and the spot which in ordinary men held a soul was
transparent on all occasions. .His " cussedness" was genuine,
rugged, and artlessly open. He always escaped punishment for
any infraction of discipline, for what court-martial would so
demean itself as to try him? and " general repulsiveness " could
not be adjudicated or recompensed even on a " drum-head."

It can be inferred that there was small chance for getting
even with this nuisance. He annihilated single antagonists by
a discharge of sewage-wrath, of which he had an undisputed
monopoly.

A general attack he received with complacency ; torrents of
gibes, sneers, and denunciation merely serving as grateful appe-
tizers for the next ration. In fact, the only occasions on which
" Old Incorrigible " was thoroughly happy were those when he
was being thoroughly abused. He enlisted with a whine,
served his full time with an unending growl, and was mus-
tered out with a ribald curse.

While the reader may be assured that this character is not in
the least overdrawn, he must also understand that its illustra-
tions were few and far between.

" Nature hath framed strange fellows in her time."

" God made him, and therefore let him pass for a man."

IN THE PINE FORESTS. 337

At 4.30 a.m., May 6, the Fourteenth broke camp in Savan-
nah, and at seven o'clock marched out of the city across the
rice- swamps, westward, and into the splendid hard-pine forests
so abundant in Georgia. The column, under our brigade com-
mander, Gen. Washburn, consisted of the Fourteenth, the
Twelfth and the Fourteenth Me., the Eighth Ind., and a sec-
tion of the Third R. I. Batteiy. We were informed that
Augusta was our destination ; that we were to go via Sister's
Ferry, where the steamer would form our temporary base of
supplies. It was important that Augusta should be occupied
by a Union force, and there was sufficient hazard in the expedi-
tion to relieve it from all monotony, or suspicion of uselessness.

The first day's march was a hard one, in oppressive heat and
almost intolerable dust, while no water could be obtained
throughout the forenoon. The column halted at 1.30 P.M., and
bivouacked in the woods, having marched thirteen miles. On
the 7th, reveille sounded at two a.m.; and at four o'clock the
brigade was in column. A bridge being down over Ebenezer
Creek, a detour of five miles was necessary. The march this
day was through long stretches of forest. Halted at noon, and
bivouacked in a beautiful pine-grove, five miles from Effingham
C.H., having marched seventeen miles.

On the 8th the march was resumed at 4 A.M., the Eighth
Ind. leading the column. The different regiments, by turn, led
the march. A cloudy, rainy day. Sister's Ferry was reached
at four p.m., marching seventeen miles; and the boat was
waiting for us. Three days' rations were issued, and three
more loaded upon wagons. Several sick ones were transferred
to the boat.

It is to be borne in mind that there were but eight compa-
nies of the Fourteenth in this expedition ; Company C was at
Fort Pulaski, while H was on special duty in Savannah. The
column left Sister's Ferry at seven a.m., the men being in
excellent spirits, cheering ; while the bands led off with lively
airs, the Fourteenth being in advance, and a brisk lead the
regiment made of it.

There was an exciting competition between the regiments, in

338 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

the matter of speed, on this march ; and the Fourteenth was
considerably chagrined to find that the Indiana boys could de-
cidedly outmarch it. For yelling, and " loping off ' at an
unconscionable gait, those Hoosiers were pre-eminent. They
should have been distinguished for something : they certainly
were not for fighting, at the Opequan.

Another topic served to keep things lively on this march.
The Fourteenth Me. was a veteran regiment ; had been home
on the " veteran furlough," and had recently returned in an
entirely new outfit. There were a good many new officers, and
some of them possibly the colonel did not quite sense the
situation in relation to red tape, etc. The men were made to
carry knapsacks, packed according to regulations, the other
regiments had hardly a score of knapsacks throughout, and
their blankets must be neatly rolled. The officers marched in
full dress, and insisted upon keeping the files rigidly dressed
and distanced, all the time. The officers were certainly well-
intentioned, but they did not exactly appreciate the best methods
of enforcing discipline. They might have considered that the
war was over, or nearly so ; that the weather was hot, the road
dusty, and the marching hard. They were unreasonably and
unmercifully guyed, but they deserved some of it. Another
consideration assisted in swelling the torrent of ridicule heaped
upon this battalion by the wicked members of other commands.
The three-years' volunteer had about an equal contempt for a
nine-months' man and a veteran enlistment, that is, a three-
years' man who re-enlisted just before his term expired, in con-
sideration of a furlough and another bounty. The latter con-
tempt, must, in all candor, be ascribed partially to envy. At
any rate, the Fourteenth poked a great deal of fun at the Pine-
tree vets.

"What did you get?" "A cow and a calf and a bale of
hay!" "Get one more bounty, and Uncle Sam'll make you
mounted infantry!" "What do they carry those knapsacks
for ? " " That's what they carry their bounty in ! " And when
some officer, fully uniformed and equipped, there was not
one such in the Fourteenth at this time, was noticed, striv-

GUYING THE VETERANS. 339

ing to hold his men up to the strict order of march, he was
made a most unhappy target.

" Give that calf more rope ! " " Let him alone, and he will
hang himself ! " etc., were the remarks, which cculd not he
traced either to the maker or the object, but they were easily
heard. Some of the most interesting features of this march
will be found portrayed in the article entitled " The Negro."

At two P.M. of the 9th, the bugler sounded the halt ; and
the brigade, having made fifteen miles, bivouacked at Poor
Bobbin's Tavern. On the 10th the Fourteenth Me. led the
column, and the other regiments pressed it hard, the Indiana
boys twice marching clean by their Maine comrades ; but a stop
was at once put to that manoeuvring.

On the 11th the Eighth led off ; and a real John-Gilpin race
they led us, stretching out the day's work to eighteen miles.
Gen. Washburn's splendid gray horse was a conspicuous figure
in these marches.

On the 12th the Fourteenth was in the advance, and sixteen
miles were covered. The march to Augusta demonstrated that
the Eighth alone was superior to the Fourteenth in marching
qualities. This afternoon the bivouac was made near Waynes-
boro', on Brier Creek.

We were in excellent territory for foraging, and pork was
abundant. There was little compunction over this extra com-
missariat, for we were passing the plantations of Rebel officers
of high rank. The colored population literally swarmed in
upon the troops. In some companies there were more darkies
than soldiers carrying muskets.

On the 13th the column was en route at four A.M., and made
twelve miles before noon. A halt of four hours ; and six miles
more were covered, when the column camped within six miles of
Augusta.

We were in one of the most delightful sections of the whole
South, a really magnificent country, unscathed by war, and
with no hint of its terrible desolations. The Rebel Gen.
Wheeler was brought into camp, a captive.

The next morning the brigade was in motion at four o'clock ;

340 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

and at seven-thirty the Yankees entered Augusta, in a kind of
triumphal procession ; bands playing, and colors flying, the
first Union soldiers ever seen in the city. The Fourteenth at
once occupied, as barracks, an idle shoe-manufactory, which
had turned out a good deal of work for the Rebel armies. The
Fourteenth marched up Broad Street to these barracks, which
were on Ellis Street; while the rest of the brigade kept on to
the arsenal, to take possession, and hold it.

Ascending to the eminences overlooking Augusta, the North-
erner cannot fail to be impressed with the scene about him,
semi-tropical and of transcendent beauty. Verily, the dream of
a splendid Southern empire was not a baseless fantasy. There
was much to stimulate such an idea, and we must believe that
the mind of the North did not wholly appreciate the sincere
devotion of the Southern people to their cause. There was
enough in it to arouse the ardor and chivalric daring of the very
best and manliest element in the South. There was not enough
in it to make it right ; and the unhappy people were fighting the
whole tendency of the age, and endeavoring to stem the irre-
sistible drift of destiny. Let the Union volunteer concede all
that he ought, to the foe which so gallantly and untiringly
opposed him. They believed in the righteousness of their
cause ; and, in their woful blindness, they fought on to their
own destruction. It has been said that only the politicians
engendered and perpetuated the strife. Never was a falser
explanation proposed. The Southern people were in that strug-
gle, and their souls were fired by the principles behind it. The
exceptions do not affect the truth of this statement. To the
Southern mind, the conception of a mighty Southern empire was
a grand one. They did not rise into the grander thought of a
free land, an indivisible Union, majestic in its sway, revered
from the pine to the palm, and admired on every continent,
not for itself, but for what it was and could be to man.

If the stay of the Fourteenth in Augusta was brief, it was
eventful ; and it was scarcely settled in its quarters before it
was called upon to perform an extraordinary service, one which
no regiment among all the loyal legions had witnessed, and
which no other ever should participate in.

INTO AUGUSTA. 341

At two p.m. forty extra rounds of ammunition were issued to
the men, and the officers were directed to load their revolvers.
There was a smack of the serious in these preparations, and
rumors were as numerous as the ne^ro fugitives.

The following graphic account of our celebrated escort-duty
is furnished by Capt. J. W. Sturtevant.

The brigade had encamped the night previous in a beautiful
grove six miles outside the city. In entering the town the
march was up Broad Street, through crowds which lined both
sides of the wide avenue, largely made up of negroes and mem-
bers of Wheeler's cavalry, who had come into the city the day
before, and surrendered their arms at the United-States Arsenal.
The negroes made no attempts at concealing their delight; and
the obeisances of the aged uncles and aunties, as they uttered
their hearty " Bress de Lord ! we knew you'd come ! " left no
room to doubt the sincerity of their welcome.

Wheeler's cavalry, in their ragged uniforms of every shade of
butternut, looked on in sullen silence. After reaching the head
of Broad Street, the Fourteenth countermarched, and moved
down the street to the shoe-shop barracks. Immediately after
the occupancy of the building, a guard was placed at every exit
from the building ; and the entire command was kept in close
quarters until afternoon. All efforts to learn the cause of this
unusual proceeding were unsuccessful, but rumors were abun-
dant and alarming.

Still in ignorance of destination or duty, the regiment was
marched, early in the afternoon, to Telfair Street, a thorough-
fare leading from the depot to the steamboat-landing at the
lower part of the city. On this street the entire regiment was
deployed in squads of three men and a non-commissioned offi-
cer, and at intervals of about ten rods. The instructions were,
to keep the street clear, allowing only persons residing in Tel-
fair Street to pass to their homes, and then requesting them to
remain there ; to prevent all gathering of crowds at the street-
corners, and to report at regimental headquarters any unusual
gathering or commotion. Doors, windows, and blinds were

342 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

closed on all the houses on the street ; and the anxious looks of
the occupants, as they occasionally peered from a half-opened
blind, plainly indicated their fear that something serious was
likely to happen.

During the. afternoon citizens reported the rumor as current
among the residents, that President Davis had been captured,
and was to be brought through the city on his way to the
North. Crowds began to gather at the street-corners, increas-
ing to such an extent as to make the execution of instructions
almost impossible. About five o'clock, the whistle of a loco-
motive drew the crowd towards the railroad -station. All
Augusta was out of doors, and crowding into the streets that
crossed Telfair.

The writer was stationed at the corner of Telfair and Wash-
ington Streets, about half-way from the depot to the steamboat-
landing. Fronting on both these streets was the residence of
Mrs. Chew ; gathered in her parlors and on the veranda were the
elite of Augusta, including Mrs. Howell, sister of Jeff Davis,
Mrs. John Morgan, widow of the Rebel cavalryman, and others.
Directly across the street were the buildings of the Georgia
Medical College, then used as a Confederate hospital: a hun-
dred or more one-legged and one-armed Confederates occupied
the grounds as interested spectators.

Washington Street on both sides was completely packed, the
larger part of the crowd being Wheeler's cavalrymen. All eyes
were turned toward the depot : presently a procession came in
sight. In advance were half a dozen old coaches, packed inside
and on top with cavalrymen, each with his carbine in hand. Fol-
lowing this escort were two open barouches, the first containing
Jefferson Davis and Mrs. Davis, Alexander H. Stephens and
Mrs. Stephens, and Gen. Wirtz ; the second contained other
members of the captured party, and officers in command of the
guard ; several coaches of cavalrymen bringing up the rear.

As the barouche containing the presidential party drew near
the residence of Mrs. Chew, Mr. Davis rose in the carriage, and,
removing his hat, bowed to the party on the veranda, whose
sobs and evidences of grief must have been plainly audible to

JEERING AT JEFF. 343

all in the carriage. Looking to the right and left, his eye rested
on the wounded and maimed soldiers of his late army on the
one hand, and his recently disbanded veterans on the other. It
was an anxious moment for that little squad of blue-coats that
were nearly surrounded by then' bitterest foes, and outnumbered
by more than fifty to one.

Would they attempt the rescue of thfiir commander-in-chief
and their vice-president ? It seemed an easy thing to do, and,
in the bitterness of their disappointment at the sudden failure
of the "lost cause," a very natural one to attempt.

The silence which had thus far prevailed was broken, not
by cheers for their chieftain, but by cries from the Confederates
on both sides of the street : " Got any of that gold with you,
Jeff?" "We want our pay!" "Give us some of that
gold!" "I haven't seen a dollar of my pay for more than
two years ! " And amid such cries of derision from his own
troops, the carriages moved on to the landing ; and the late
President and Vice-President of the Southern Confederacy were
soon on board a government transport, and under the hated flag
they had tried so zealously for four years to trail in the dust.

The regiment returned to its quarters on Ellis Street, and
thus terminated a day's experience that is not likely to be soon
forgotten.

On the afternoon of May 16 the Fourteenth left the city,
marching three miles to the extensive arsenal grounds where
it rejoined the brigade. The camp was formed in the grove
within the arsenal area. We there enjoyed an extensive pros-
pect from elevated grounds. The surrounding landscape was
one of the most beautiful to be found in all the South, and
every feature was delightful. The men remained here in com-
fort and contentment.

On the 18th affairs took on a new phase. The second brigade
arrived, and relieved the first of all duty. It was rumored that
we were to return to Savannah. The men at once eagerly
caught at the notion that we were to be ordered home.

During the first evening of the Fourteenth's occupancy of

344 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

the arsenal grounds, the astonished inhabitants of the adjacent
country witnessed a pyrotechnic display not provided for in the
regulations, although it was entirely at Uncle Sam's expense.
It seems that the Rebels had left a large store of signal-rockets,
colored fires, etc., in the arsenal, which were captured by the
Union troops. An inquisitive Yankee of the Fourteenth hunted
them out, and they were judiciously distributed. When even-
ing arrived the camps were startled by a series of most erratic
signals. Various interpretations were put upon them ; and,
while neither officers nor men could tell where they came from,
what they indicated, or who was responsible for the display, all
were agreed that they were witnessing some especially fine fire-
works. 'Tis true they were manifestly in the hands of ama-
teurs; for the rockets were indifferent as to choice of a horizontal
or vertical range, and several tents were perforated by those
heavenly projectiles, to the great disquietude of the inmates.
The next night the performance was repeated ; and the investi-
gation which followed was in season to ascertain that the mate-
rial had all been used up, and that several hundred dollars'
worth of valuable fireworks had been "let off." A Company-
F corporal could have given the officials " some points " on the
rocket business.

During the occupancy of the arsenal by the brigade, Gen.
Washburn held daily reviews and brigade dress-parades, which
were more excellent exhibitions, on a large scale, than any we
had witnessed since entering the service.

For two weeks and a half the brigade remained at Augusta,
and then the welcome orders came, and the march back to Sa-
vannah began. On the 31st the column made fifteen miles,
camping at Goose Creek. June 1 it was hot, with a sandy road ;
and the men were exhausted when fourteen miles were covered,
and the bivouac was made at Brier Creek.

The march of June 2 was the hardest of the entire route,
the heat being excessive. The stragglers were so numerous
that only three men, in some companies, were in their places to
stack arms when the halt was sounded. Fifteen miles. On
the 3d, seventeen miles were covered, and half the distance to
Savannah.

Major Flavel L. Tolman.

THE GREAT PROBLEM. 345

Through this territory plums and berries were to be found in
abundance, and were much enjoyed. During the 4th, 5th, and
6th, the march was continued, on the latter day twenty-two
miles being made before one o'clock. The camp was fixed
within nine miles of Savannah.

One member of some regiment in that column will not easily
forget the return march, nor the night ride on a rail to which
he was treated. His companion in that excursion did not tarry
another day ; and he ascertained, to his entire satisfaction, that
the boys had not lost, in the army, their respect for wholesome
morality.

THE NEGRO.

No volume relating to the Great Rebellion can pretend to
completeness, even in a narrow and particular field, without
some allusion to the negro. A dark, portentous cloud, he was
spread by others, never by his own machinations or volition,
over the entire land and all its interests. Not the occasion, but
still the real, though innocent, cause of the war, the negro was
a problem in whose solution every regiment was vitally inter-
ested and had a part. The transition state of the negro, the
government's purposes and acts, the contraband doctrine, vol-
untary or enforced emancipation, negroes in the trenches, arm-
ing the blacks, the Emancipation Proclamation, these several
questions were vigorously discussed within the Fourteenth
Regiment ; and it must be conceded, that, in the earlier part of
its service, the regiment was quite conservative. A majority
would not have voted for a general freeing of the slaves ; and,
on a call of the roll in July, 1863, not one-third would have
declared themselves in favor of arming the black man in order
to save the Union. But the men grew. And in no respect
was the prevailing sentiment more satisfactorily advanced to-
ward justice and high conviction than touching the status of the
slave, his rightful position, among men, and the duty of the gov-
ernment toward him.

When, in the autumn of 1863, two of the ablest officers in
the regiment passed an examination surpassing all competitors

34G FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

in the land, and were commissioned colonels of the first regi-
ments of U. S. colored troops which were allowed to assist in
maintaining the Union which was to disenthral them, a better
opinion became not only strong, but dominant, in the Four-
teenth. When Col. Fellows, but recently a popular lieutenant
in Company D, with a good band playing " John Brown," led
the rhythmical tramp of a thousand men with sable faces down
Pennsylvania Avenue, the brave, strong tread, the gleaming
muskets, so well aslant, borne at a "right-shoulder-shift" which
no white volunteer could excel, prejudice was conquered ; and
from the groups of the Fourteenth lining the sidewalks, such a
cheer went up as told the shrinking Rebel sympathizers crouch-
ing in the rear, that whatever they might have done with the
body of the old hero of Ossawattomie, " his soul goes marching
on ! "

In General Orders, dated October 11, 1864, Gen. Butler, in
command of the Department of Virginia and North Carolina,
said,

"In the charge on the enemy's works by the colored division of the
Eighteenth Corps, at Spring Hill, Newmarket, better men were never
better led, better officers never led better men. With hardly an excep-
tion, officers of colored troops have justified the care with which they have
been selected. A few more such gallant charges, and to command colored
troops will be the post of honor in the American armies."

Political references have no place on these pages, and the
negro question will not be discussed from that standpoint.
There is another aspect, much more to our purpose. Thou-
sands of incidents have chased each other through the public
prints, some of them true ; others are partially correct, while
more were manufactured to order. The compiler of this book
cannot compete with the luxuriance of the American para-
grapher's imagination. Yet we are not wholly discouraged in
a search for material. While every Union regiment was brought
into contact, in various ways, with that singular race whose pe-
culiarity of situation and relation embraced more opposing and
contradictory elements than can be attributed to any other for
a thousand years, the Fourteenth Regiment enjoyed a range

VARIETIES OF NEGRO LIFE. 347

of observation of, and extended facilities of contact with, the
negro, equalled by few organizations in the army.

In his best conditions, and in his sorriest circumstances ; as a
free man, slave, contraband, and soldier ; as a pupil, and a vag-
abond ; respectable, and contemptible ; serving, and in author-
ity ; in school, dance, and prayer-meeting ; as a thief, and as a
respected preacher to his people ; on steamboat, parapet, rail-
road, and plantation ; under the eye of a jealous master, and
rollicking in unbounded and unthinking liberty, ^we saw and
studied the black man of the South. We went to him in all
his haunts : he came to us in every feature of a soldier's service.
We found him, first, in Maryland, in 1862 : a slave still, though
in a milder form of servitude ; under a stolid face hiding a heart
bursting for the freedom so soon to be. We observed him in
the turbulent transition periods in Virginia; where he looked
both ways for freedom, and found it in neither. We saw slaves
really contented in their cabins on Massa's plantation. The
almost pastoral life and little zeal for slavery in the Shenandoah
Valley presented a new phase of the negro's life ; and he could
not be made to appear as very much of a slave throughout that
region. The situation of the blacks in Maryland, during the
first years of the Rebellion, was anomalous and perplexing ; and
the presence of Union troops aggravated the difficulty of the
situation. There was a general, widespread uneasiness ; and
the puzzled slave not only dared not express his sentiments,
but was fearful of having any sentiments. There was the hope
and expectation of freedom consequent upon the war ; but
slavery was still the legal condition, and the temptation to fol-
low the army was checked, not only by the commanding offi-
cers, but by the fear of the master's retribution.

No one who observed the wonderful circumspectness of
conduct exhibited by the negro in the trying transitions of that
period, can deny to him qualities far above those inhering in
abject ignorance and inferiority. The troops performing the
arduous observation and picket duty on the Potomac, above
Washington, experienced many kindnesses from the slaves in
that region. In Louisiana a different and a lower class of the

318 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

African race was encountered. The negro there was enjoying
a condition of more abandoned and pronounced freedom, and
revelled in a general and careless ignorance. The bright ones
were brighter, but the mass was of a lower grade, than in Mary-
land and Virginia. In Louisiana we beheld the thorough vicious-
ness of African servitude, and the disastrous consequences of
the evil were apparent at every turn. Ignorance and vice were
aggressive everywhere ; while the exceptions were conspicuous,
and demonstrated the better possibilities of the race.

It was in Georgia that we saw the negro at his best under
the "peculiar institution ;" and the members of the Fourteenth
were afforded the rare privilege, to a Northerner, now gone
forever, of securing varied and satisfactory glimpses of negro
life at the South in all its romantic incidents and circumstances
as they existed under the old regime. In Savannah, the ex-
slaves, fresh from the cotton-fields, exultant in the first burst of
freedom, crowded into the camps and rendezvous. Extravagant
in their anticipations, they fully expected that the government
would provide for every want. Several members of the Four-
teenth assisted in initiating a systematic education for these
freedmen. The writer instructed a large class, varying in age
from thirteen to sixty, and including three preachers who came
to learn the first principles of reading. Their assiduity, aptness,
and progress were almost unprecedented; and their gratitude for
help extended was expressed with touching sincerity. Most of
the blacks abhorred the Rebellion, despised their late masters,
and expressed a lofty contempt for the stay-at-home and well-
scared slave-owning planters. A widely spread sentiment
among the Southern darkies is graphically portrayed in the
following stanza :

" De massa look way down de riber
Where de Linkum gun-boats lay,
An' he pick up his hat, an' he lebe bery sudd'n,
An' I spec he's runned away.

De massa run, ha ! ha!

De darky stay, ho ! ho !

It mus' be now dat de kingdom's comin',

An' de year of Jubilo ! "

A BLACK DANCE IN THE PINES. 349

When Gen. Washburn's brigade marched from Savannah to
Augusta, we traversed a region whose inhabitants had never
looked upon a Yankee soldier. The entire section had escaped
the ravages of war, save as the lower portion was intersected
by Sherman's line of march. But no army, Union or Rebel,
had marched over, or encamped on, the territor}^ in the vicinity
of Augusta. The bitter execration of the whites, and the
undiluted wonder of the blacks, were stirred beyond descrip-
tion by the advent of a Union army. The final collapse of the
Rebellion had not penetrated this isolated region in the amaz-
ing revulsions of its overwhelming disaster and general demor-
alization; yet the whispered prophecies had preceded us, and
hundreds of slaves rushed upon the column, hailing their deliv-
erers. In every possible manner these slaves, intoxicated to
bewilderment by liberty realized, but not understood, strove to
attach themselves to the army. They turned their backs un-
hesitatingly upon home, friends, and every association of a life-
time, and purposed to follow "Father Linkum's sojers," they
cared not where.

The culmination of romance was attained one night in the
sylvan camp, as the army bivouacked under the magnificent
pines which stretched away in miles of ojjen yet imposing for-
est. The surroundings harmonized with pictures of ideal camp-
life. No shelter-tents were pitched, as the umbrageous canopy
was ample. The weather was so warm that the men threw off
their blouses, and lounged at twilight on nature's rich forest
carpet ; the whole situation being delightfully picturesque and
novel to the Northerner, even though a veteran of the war.
When the moon appeared, the beaut} T of the romantic picture
was enhanced, and every fairyland effect intensified. As the
evening advanced, the rollicking, untamable darkies, who
thronged along as camp-followers, every officer had from one
to three servants, became restless and irrepressible. Their
spirits rose with the moon, and entirely out-stripped it. Their
gymnastic antics were startling and absurdly comical. In
their contortions and genuflections they would have shamed
the best of Barnum's athletes. All sorts of animals were heard

350 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

through the forest, as if gathering for a midnight powwow ; and
some of the unearthly screeches portended darker orgies. The
natural mildness of the scene was half transformed into the
accessories of some weird and horrible rite of the Druids.
The conditions were favorable, and the contrabands were deter-
mined on a breakdown of proportions adequate to the occasion.
Each regiment in the brigade had its own group of grotesque
performers, who did their level best, encouraged by the shouts
of approbation ; but there was one independent arena deserv-
ing of especial mention. About eleven o'clock, those slaves
who had swarmed in from all directions became well warmed
up to work. There was singing, shouting, dancing, wrestling,
and a plentiful interlarding of negro expletive dialect. The
actors on this occasion were confined to young men and boys;
the older ones retaining sufficient dignity to refrain from all
extreme demonstrations, and to appropriately " cuss " the small-
fry of "foolish niggahs" who would "cut up." Somewhat
apart from the main army, in a quiet dell, secluded by a close
copse fringing a spring of water ; there, shut in by such a dens-
ity of foliage that the moonlight was useless, and the darkness
was intense enough for the great pine flambeaux to throw a
lurid coloring over that strange grouping of two races, there
was witnessed the highest effect of this luxuriant tropical slave-
life in its outburst of jubilation over a long-waited-for, earnestly
supplicated liberty. A dozen of the brightest negro boys we
had encountered since leaving Yankee-land were grouped in
the foreground, and an ever-enlarging amphitheatre of blue-
coats furnished all needed stimulus to the thoroughly aroused
performers. The older ones "beat it off," and the younger
ones danced. The beating-off consisted of a jerky, rhythmic
chant, with the curious accompaniment of a smart clapping of
hands and slapping of thighs in exact time. As the dance
progressed, the vocal accompaniment was raised in pitch and
volume, the time being gradually accelerated. It is moderate
to aver that the audience there assembled had never before
witnessed a similar display. The extravaganzas of Southern
slave-life were acted out in all their fantasies. The serious and

A SAMBO BREAKDOWN. 351

comic were so strangely blended that the verity of the scene
might have been questioned, except that a live, prancing darky
is so palpably material that gross weight and dimensions could
not be mistaken. Those fellows seemed to dance on their heads
and on their bellies with as much agility as upon their feet, sway-
ing to each side, plunging forward, darting across the area;
then modulating voice and motion to regular cadences and
staid movements, anon sprawling prone : a somersault, and the
dancers lay supine, but only for an instant. And thus the
singular acting went on, the storm rising until a perfect fury of
excitement and motion whirled them about as a tempest. The
climax must come ; and when it was reached, the performers
whirled exhausted to the ground, the torches scattered, the
crowd dispersed ; and at midnight, with leaves beneath and a bit
of shelter-tent spread over them, the men turned in, to dream
of black hobgoblins dancing a Sambo breakdown on the rim of
a full moon.

There was one characteristic of the negro encountered on this
march in which he differed essentially from those in Maryland,
Virginia, and Louisiana. Wherever troops had become familiar
to the slave, there he had learned, if not to distrust a soldier,
still to use all his wits in dealing with him. It must be con-
ceded that the Yankee volunteer was apt to selfishly impose
upon the negro ; and the latter had pretty much come to accept
the doctrine enunciated by one of his race, who, after run-
ning a plantation a year, in partnership with its owner, found
the books were so kept that he was in debt to the white
sharper,

" A nought is a nought, a figger is a figger:
All for the white man, none for the nigger."

But the negroes of Northern Georgia placed the most implicit
confidence in the "Yankee sojers," and fortunately we did not
remain in the locality long enough to destroy the illusion.
With an absolute trust born of a faith that could not question,
they threw themselves into the arms of " Massa Linkum's
army." Our march into the city of Augusta was rendered

352 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

touchingly impressive b} r an incident worthily remarkable and
singular as an illustration of the prevalent feeling among those
who were just passing out of the dark realm of bondage into a
light so dazzling that they still " saw men as trees walking,"
and were yet unacquainted with the perspectives of freedom.
As the column of the invading brigade swung past the fine
suburban estates a little outside the city, an old negro, a venera-
ble patriarch, with four generations about him, drew near, and
was at first unable to speak. His long woolly hair and beard
were white with age : he was tall, massive, and fine-looking.
At length he raised his arm ; and, stretching it out as if in bene-
diction, he exclaimed, " Oh, chillun, I never 'spected to live to
see dis day! I bress cle good Lord fur dis day. It am de hope
of de black man. De kingdum has cum, suah 'nuf ! Ye's cum
straight from de Lord ; ye's brought de deliberance ; I bress ye
all ! " We had been laughing at negro idiosyncrasies through-
out the march ; there were men in the ranks who would make
light of the most serious matters : but when this doxology
burst forth, eloquent in its every inflection, from the lips of a
man who had been a slave ever since Washington was Presi-
dent of the nation, not a man but was mute, serious, and sub-
dued. We had there seen our Uncle Tom, while in the forest
diversion previously Sam and Andy had indulged in gambols
fully as eccentric as the placing of prickly, burrs under Massa
Haley's saddle. Nor did we miss a genuine Aunt Chloe.

While on a private skirmish after mulberries outside of
Augusta, two members of the Fourteenth wandered out to a
large plantation ; and as the planter happened to be absent, we
sauntered down to the " quarters." There was the " old cabin
home," a genuine Uncle Tom's cabin, and Aunt Chloe was in.
She did not know exactly how to receive us, and answered posi-
tively that there was nothing in the cabin to eat. But, after
considerable parley, three facts were made clear. We informed
her that Massa was away ; that we were Yankee soldiers ; that
our bag of coffee was before her, and there was but one way for
her to get some. She suddenly recollected that " suah 'nuf,
dar is one hoe-cake lef ; " and she forthwith proceeded in a

THE CABIN AND THE HOE-CAKE. 353

lively fashion to rake the ashes from off as luscious a hoe-cake
as ever lay on a cabin hearth. The entire colored population
of Augusta seemed eager to render every possible service to the
" Linkum angels," and no remuneration was expected. They
were ready to steal provisions from their masters for the benefit
of the Yankees, and thousands of dollars in Confederate money
were brought in by them for distribution among the men.

The religious side of the negro's life has found a large place
in literature, and has been caricatured without limit and be-
yond reason. Not all of the slaves were extravagant and
absurd in their ideas and practices in worship. One of the
largest congregations in America is a colored church in Rich-
mond, Va., and it is also one of the most dignified in the con-
duct of worship. But there have been ample grounds for the
comic portrayals of negro services. Members of the Fourteenth
were the unsuspected observers of a meeting which went about
as far in exemplification of the startling and ridiculous as
appears to be possible. It would have been utterly impossible
for one ignorant of the religious peculiarities of the race to
suspect that the antics indulged in were really inspired by a
devotional frame ; yet if there was a single impressive charac-
teristic of the service, it was that of its perfect sincerity, its
all-absorbing earnestness. The edifice in which the gathering
was held was a government barracks, with tiers of bunks
against the walls. The principal portion of the audience
perched or roosted on those bunks ; the upper-tier occupants
hanging over so far that there was a perpetually imminent
danger of a fall, if not from grace, still from a considerable
elevation. The service cannot be classed under any known
ecclesiastical designation. It was a combination of love-feast,
breakdown, praise-meeting, walk-around, class-meeting, and a
mighty serious religious jollification. It is a matter of regret
that the spectators were too late to observe the opening of the
exercises; for twenty years have not allayed the wonder how, and
by what beginnings, the stage of performance first perceived was
ever reached. The culminating rapture of the evening was far
ahead ; the congregation had not even reached the degree of

354 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

convulsive paroxysms, being only worked up, during the first
hour, to a state of deliberate frenzy. The first look yielded the
undoubted assurance of infinite possibilities in that meeting.
Passionate oratory, sweet, plaintive, enlivening melodies, rap-
turous prayers, and unctuous, stunning interjections, competed
for the crowning approbation. If there was any recognized
leader, it was impossible to single him out. Nearly all of the
livelier participants took a hand at directing affairs, and in one
portion of the service every active member led in his turn.

The meeting was run by relays or reliefs. When the upper-
bunk reserve worshippers felt that the devotional fire was not
glowing with sufficient intensity, they leaped into the arena,
and assumed direction of affairs, affording the displaced ones a
breathing-spell. Every approach to exhaustion was a signal
for prayer ; and the entire ring fell upon its knees, half a dozen
supplicating audibly at once, while the upper perchers contented
themselves with shouting till they were hoarse. A small stock
of expressions sufficed for the exhorters, as the continual ejacu-
latory interpolations from all hands constituted two-thirds of the
address. The music formed the marvellous feature of the pro-
gramme. When a season of prayer had been concluded, the
occupants of the floor sprang to their feet, and formed a ring,
when one of them led off:

" I'm goin' to heaben when I die,
When I die, when I die;
I'm goin' to heaben when I die,
Hi-o, Lord ! hi-o ! "

The next man then sang a solo consisting of the line ren-
dered by his predecessor, adding one of his own : thus,

" I'm goin' to heaben when I die,
The Lord he's a-callin' you and I.
Hi-o, Lord! hi-o!"

The chorus came in with the addition of each line, the whole
audience singing all that had gone before. There was nothing
mirth-provoking in this part of the service, but an indescribable
fascination in the fantastic song, accompanied with stamping of

VALUABLE EXPERIENCE. 355

the feet, and rhythmic undulations of the body. The mind and
heart of even intelligent observers were led in channels of gen-
uine devotion. Hour after hour, sometimes until three o'clock
in the morning, the exercises wore on, until the most intense
zealots were worn out ; and the strange drama was suspended,
only to be re-enacted, perhaps, on the following night.

The insight obtained by the Fourteenth into actual slave-life
at the South included the most interesting and important phases
of that powerful system, at whose doors history must lay the
crime of the Rebellion ; and our experiences in this department
were valuable beyond estimate, being more comprehensive than
those of most regiments ; and the recollections here suggested
of master and slave, and their relations to Southern society as
it was observed in ante-bellum days, are especially to be cher-
ished when it is considered that the original of the picture, the
entire condition of things herein depicted, is obliterated forever.
Wherever the negro was seen, he was a study, not so much for
his intrinsic peculiarities, interesting as they were, as for the
illustrations they furnished of a system, an organized life, whol-
ly foreign to the New-England economy. The Union soldiers of
the Fourteenth saw the negro at his best and at his worst, as
a slave and as a freedman, as a chattel and as a man.

356 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

VI.

HOME AGAIN.

The war of the Rebellion inculcated one lesson which a large
proportion of the American people had never sufficiently pon-
dered. This lesson is the worth of home-life, and the comforts
and advantages connected with the ordinary avocations of
peace. The great army of the Union learned this lesson thor-
oughly amid the deprivations, the burdens, and the separations
incident to a prolonged and desperate conflict. War was an
inexorable schoolmaster, and the lesson was well conned. Deep
beyond expression was the yearning for home, and a relief from
the irksome exactions of military service, as soon as the dawn
of peace permitted the veteran volunteer to turn the whole
strength of mind and heart away from war and toward the
home, friends, and calling he had left nearly three years before.
It was understood that those regiments which had longest to
serve would be retained until a complete peace status should
be reached throughout the South, and the Fourteenth expected
to remain in service during the summer. When Richmond fell,
and the glorious culmination of Appomattox and Johnston's sub-
sequent surrender was announced, there was an eager desire to
be ordered home. Yet in the Fourteenth there was no clamor,
and the men were not even restless. This is doubtless to be
accounted for by the active duties devolved upon the regiment,
and the obviously important post it occupied in the very centre
of the late Confederacy. The events of the time were so start-
ling, the transitions so sudden, and the entire situation so
peculiar, that the soldier's life in Georgia could not settle into
a discontented monotony, even when the clash of arms had

THE END OF SERVICE. 357

finally ceased. The Fourteenth was favored beyond anticipa-
tion, the welcome order for muster-out being issued much
sooner than it was expected.

When the column resumed its march on the 7th, at half-past
four in the morning, it was within nine miles of Savannah. We
moved over the rough " corduroys " constructed by Sherman's
army, and passed through the formidable defences relied upon
to keep the Yankees out.

As the brigade neared the city, it was met by a staff-officer
with orders for the Fourteenth, relieving it from brigade con-
nection in order to be mustered out of service. Never were
there lighter hearts ; never a battalion took merrier step. The
end of the cruel war, of the long separations, was indeed nigh
at hand. Who but the veteran knows how much that order
meant ?

The remainder of the brigade went into camp outside the
city, while the Fourteenth camped near the cotton-yard it had
occupied when first reaching Savannah. The information was
given that the regiment would be discharged as soon as the
muster-out rolls could be completed. The men learned that
home was a great deal farther away than they, in their eager
expectation, supposed. On the 9th the regiment moved into
quarters recently occupied by a New- York regiment.

On the 12th the company officers began making out the final
rolls.

On the 18th of June the regiment held its last dress-parade.
Could that fact have been realized at the time, it would doubt-
less have made a deep impression upon every thoughtful mem-
ber of the regiment. The last dress-parade of the Fourteenth !
As these words are written, after so many years of vicissitude
and change, the grandeur and might of our battalion, as dis-
played on many a field, rises before us in all their romance and
impressiveness. Verily, that life in the Fourteenth Regiment
was well worth the living.

The weather was intensely hot, and disease was threatening a
fearful havoc in the regiment. On the 23d the muster-out rolls
were complete ; or, rather, it was supposed that they were.

358 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

On those rolls the recruits were not entered. A heavy rain set
in ; which, continuing several days, increased the general un-
healthiness.

On the 28th those who were not to go home with the regi-
ment turned in their arms and equipments, a token of the
coming dissolution. Orderly-Sergt. Parker, of Company C,
died the 30th, after an illness of but eighteen hours. There
were other similar cases.

July 3 the eighteen regiments stationed at Savannah were
reviewed by Gen. Birge. It was the last review of the Four-
teenth, and the last marshalling under our able brigade com-
mander of the Valley campaign.

Before the Fourteenth ceased from duty in Savannah, large
numbers of Rebel officers came in and gave themselves up.
They were paroled, and allowed to wear their uniforms, most
of them had no other clothes, but every military insignia must
be removed : particularly the brass buttons were all cut from
their coats. To this proceeding some of them wrathfully de-
murred, but the officers were inexorable. At one time Capt.
Berry had a dozen of these displumed knights before him ; and,
when he proceeded to dispossess them of those buttons with the
lamented " C. S. A." upon them, they refused to be shorn.
When notified that it was a matter of minus buttons or minus
freedom, they agreed to cut them off if left to themselves.
They were gratified, and went off wearing buttonless coats.

July 6 the baggage of the Fourteenth was sent to the dock,
and orders were issued to have the line formed at half-past four
the next morning. For nearly six months the regiment had
been stationed in Georgia, and the men had become as much
attached to Savannah as to any place we had occupied in the
South. A large number of the boys declared their firm inten-
tion of returning there as soon as they had made a coveted
visit in the North, a determination which hardly a man of
them adhered to when the old home was reached. But where
are the expectant females who waited for the fulfilment of
ardent vows made by Yankee lovers?

The boys took their last survey of Savannah, and a lively

A COLD GREETING. 359

evening they made of it. Pleasant acquaintances had been
made, and parting calls were numerous.

Reveille was sounded at two o'clock on the morning of the
7th ; battalion-line was formed at three ; and the regiment was
on the wharf at four. Went aboard the steamship " Constitu-
tion ; " and six o'clock the lines were cast off, and the Four-
teenth, winding down the tortuous channel, was homeward
bound.

For more than half a mile down the river-bank Capt. Starr,
post quartermaster and master of transportation, accompanied
the steamer on his fine pony. Capt. Starr was very popular
with the Fourteenth. An incident connected with his meeting
Jeff Davis must find a place in this chronicle. When the ex-
President of the ex-Confederacy arrived, a prisoner, in Savannah,
it was the duty of Capt. Starr to provide transportation to Hil-
ton Head. As he stepped on board the small river stern-wheeler
which brought the notorious prisoner from Augusta, Davis was
gazing over the rail. The officer in charge of the captive said,
" Mr. Davis, allow me to present to you Capt. Starr, the quar-
termaster of this city." Mr. Davis held out his hand ; but the
captain put his own behind him, and, looking the Rebellion
leader square in the face, replied, " JVb, sir! Mr. Davis." Af-
terward the captain said, in explanation, "I wonder if Jeff
thought I would take his hand ? I have seen too much of this
cruel war for that."

Hilton Head was reached at eleven o'clock ; and it was then
ascertained that the rolls must be altered, in order to include
the recruits in the muster-out. A further delay was occasioned
by the fact that some of the company rolls were not properly
made out. This was a trial of the men's patience, which did
not endanger the supremacy of Job. The regiment remained
aboard the ship, which was tied up to the great government pier.

On the 8th three companies were mustered out ; and the
muster of the entire regiment was dated from that day, although
the mustering-oflficer's work was not completed until the 11th.
At four o'clock that day the Fourteenth sailed on its last
voyage, " The Constitution " having the bark " Annie Kimball "

860 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

in tow. On the 13th Cape Hatteras was passed, the boys re-
calling the fearful experiences of a previous voyage. The heavy
fogs and frequent showers contributed to the discomforts of the
men, and the long trip was not hugely enjoyed. One overmas-
tering sentiment possessed the members of the regiment, and
that was the desire to get home.

At half-past ten, on the night of the 17th, the vessel rounded
Cape Cod ; and the next morning a most delightful sail was en-
joyed up Boston Harbor. At nine-thirty A.M. " The Constitu-
tion " touched the wharf, and the Fourteenth landed in the
Hub. At twelve o'clock a collation was served in Faneuil
Hall ; and at four p.m., after the men had enjoyed a good deal
of tramping about the city, the regiment marched to the Lowell
Depot, amid the cheers of a large concourse of spectators,
the battalion showed its excellent discipline to advantage,
and took a special train for Concord.

After nearly completing the three years for which the men,
enlisted, the Fourteenth re-entered the capital of New Hamp-
shire, at half-past, eleven P.M., July 18. The men were served
with supper at the different hotels, and then were marched to
Camp Gilmore, south of the city, where A-tents were provided.

As a regiment the Fourteenth was home again. But not all.
We do not forget the graves on Southern battle-fields, nor the
decimated ranks where grim disease had done its dread work.
Four hundred and forty-two original members, or forty-five per
cent, returned home at muster-out. Including recruits, five
hundred and seventy men, or forty-two per cent of the total
membership, about thirteen hundred and fifty, was the
strength of the regiment when it returned to the State. Com-
pany A brought home the most men, fifty-four original mem-
bers, sixty in all ; while Company I brought the smallest num
ber, thirty-four original members, a total of forty-four.

Two or three items of general interest may properly find a
place here. The last fight between Union and Rebel troops was
on the 13th of May. The grand review at Washington was on
May 22-23. When the war closed, 63,442 Rebel prisoners were
released; and the final surrender of Lee included 174,223 men.

BREAKING RANKS. 361

March 1, 1865, the Union armies mustered, on the rolls, 965,941.
The great bulk of the Rebel armies never surrendered at all,
but quietly returned to their homes. Of the Union forces,
91,000 were killed in battle, or died of wounds, while the total
Union loss was over 300,000.

An appropriate reception was planned in Concord for the
Fourteenth ; but as the men, on the 19th, received a leave of
absence, a week's delay was found to be necessary before dis-
charges could be granted, the plan was never fully carried
out.

On the 26th the men returned to Concord, and signed the pay-
rolls.

On the 27th of July the men were paid off, and discharged
from the service.

The Fourteenth Regiment, as an active military organization,
passed out of existence in a most commonplace manner. It
would be agreeable to look back upon some closing formalities
befitting the occasion, and consonant with the high dignity of
the regiment's service, and the honorable name it had won. A
final dress-parade would have measurably satisfied a sentiment
which is doubtless more general and intense to-day than when
the boys had just put army-life behind them, and emphatically
declared that "military is played out." With blare of trumpet
and roll of drum the Fourteenth mustered in 1862. Without
demonstration or ceremony the same organization melted away
in 1865, and its members

" Folded their tents like the Arabs,
And as silently stole away."

The Fourteenth passed into the history which it helped to
make and glorify, and its component parts became simply citi-
zens of that Republic which they had done their full part to
make secure and free.

362 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

AFTER TWENTY YEARS.

In the interest of this volume a member of the Fourteenth
recently made a tour of the scenes of its service and campaign
in Virginia. A present view, even by proxy, of the localities
which entered so largely into the most important life-era of our
veterans, must furnish an entertaining portion of this memorial.
Certain descriptive passages which might properly have appeared
in the history of the Shenandoah campaign are incorporated in
this chapter.

The journey to Washington was strikingly similar, in some
particulars, to the passage of the Fourteenth to the seat of war.
The route by boat and rail was much the same, and Baltimore
was reached at the same hour in the early morning. But the
arrival in Washington was different from that in the fall of 1862 ;
the train stopping at a station on Sixth Street, south of Penn-
sylvania Avenue, it being the same in which President Garfield
was shot; the route being by the Pennsylvania Railroad, which
furnishes an elegant and quiet transit from New York to Wash-
ington by a route unknown in " war-times." Washington is
wonderfully transformed, and the veteran soldier visiting the
national capital will gaze with surprise upon the great advances
made since the war.

The numerous hospitals, extensive corrals for horses and
mules, immense warehouses for quartermaster and commissary
stores, winding miles of wagon and ambulance trains, the varied
and almost immeasurable paraphernalia and panoply of colossal
campaigns, provost-guards, patrols, detachments of soldiers of
every arm of the service, general officers with their staffs and
orderlies galloping through the streets toward camps in the
suburbs, or on their way to outlying forts or rendezvous, all
this, so familiar to the members of the Fourteenth for nearly a
year, has entirely disappeared ; and the brilliancy of a finished
metropolis has superseded the shambling, dirty, and nondescript
city of 1862.

About the Capitol the transformation is most bewildering,
delightful parterres and costly and artistic granite coping having

THEN AND NOW. 363

supplanted the huge fences, sheds, bowlders, and construction
debris incident to the great enlargement of the Capitol progress-
ing while the Fourteenth enjoyed the title of " Lincoln's Pets."
And in many portions of the city the post-bellum embellishments
have wrought, as by magic, to transform the provincial Southern
town of large dimensions into a magnificent city. Even the
Washington Monument has been roused from its worse than
Rip Van Winkle lethargy, and is now casting off its mantle of
shame by rising to worthier altitudes.

But there need be no cherishing of regrets over remorseless
transitions. Washington is to-day a perfectly familiar spot to
the veteran Union soldier, not only in its bold, salient features
of general aspect, but in important and most interesting particu-
lars. In some respects the changes in the capital amount to a
splendid transformation, while other portions remain precisely
as when the city and its environs formed a monster military
camp.

The boys who were stationed at Benning's Bridge would per-
ceive no intrusive hand laid upon so much as a negro-cabin ; in
fact, it seemed as though the identical curly-pated urchins were
punching the identical ebony toes into the identical mud
sloughs which filled the foreground of a common picture twenty
years ago. While the old soldier who used to guard Rebel
prisoners at the " Old-Capitol Prison " would now feel himself
lost, standing before the corner so much frequented by the
Fourteenth, and would not recognize in the palatial block of
residences the former whitewashed walls of the famous prison,
now topped out with the common architectural outrage, a man-
sard roof; and while the detachments which so long stood
guard on Sixth and Seventh-street Wharves might now feel
lonesome in searching for their old quarters and familiar sutler
and huckster shops, the famous heroes of the " Central Guard-
House " would revel in the grates, bars, cells, guard-room, and
even the hose-bath parlor, all undisturbed, standing as though
the squad and provost-marshal had marched off but yesterday.
There was nothing incongruous, save several barrels of apples
stored there by adjacent marketmen. We have seen a crowd

364 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

in those cells and corridors, botli of prisoners and guards,
who had a taste sensitive enough to remove such an incongruity
without delay.

The old guard at the War Department would find a splendid
structure on the corner of Seventeenth Street and Pennsylvania
Avenue, instead of the well-remembered warehouse, dignified
into the chief department of government, where Lincoln, Stan-
ton, and the renowned commanders of the armies, held decisive
consultations, while members of the Fourteenth stood guard
within and without. The G-street Wharf detachment could
never find their barracks, their beats, or any familiar object:
the change is complete. But the heavy detachment so long
posted at the south end of Long Bridge could suffer no such
disappointment : the building occupied as barracks, guard-
room, officers' quarters, and, above, for the improvised lyceum
with its memorable debates ; the grounds outside ; the back-
yard, with its big trees, in whose bark there remain the initials
of several members of the Fourteenth, every thing remains in
about the same condition as it was when the post was vacated
by the Fourteenth in January, 186-1. The passenger-station of
the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, another post of duty for
members of the Fourteenth, is in nearly the same condition as
during the war. The most noticeable alteration is in the grade
of the avenue in front, which has been so raised as to leave the
depot down in a hole.

Every point in Washington covered by details of the regi-
ment was visited by the veteran on his tramp, but let it not be
supposed that any spot was visited before the pilgrimage was
made to Camp Adirondack. Striking New-York Avenue
through familiar streets, we reach the well-remembered gardens
of Ernst Loeffler. The old man is still there, though 'twas a
palsied, almost helpless, hand we grasped ; but the greeting
was cordial. Beyond Loefner's, hardly a change in the land-
scape has occurred until the camp is reached. The brook,
embankments, crooked paths, buildings, are exactl} r as they
were, and we were almost tempted to attempt a recognition of
the very footprints of " our boys." The camp itself, in

OLD LANDMARKS. 365

" Gale's " or " Patterson's Woods," is scarcely altered, save as
a high board-fence about it, and the usual structures of a
German beer-garden, change somewhat the general aspect. The
trees are all there ; the shallow gorge separating the tents of
officers and men, the open parade-ground in front, and the run-
ning stream in the meadow below, these are satisfactory in
their likeness to the days of camping in 1863. The grading of
the location of the tents of Company F's line-officers was easily
discerned ; the company street of H was distinctly traced ; the
locations of the company cook-houses were plain to the eye ;
while the sinks seem to remain just as they were left by the
regiment. The well-remembered milk and newspaper vender,
Heidemiller, is dead ; but his son has supplanted the old farm-
house with an elegant residence.

From Washington we proceed to Harper's Ferry, not by the
circuitous route through the Relay Station, but over the new
line of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, which furnishes the
tourist with the best of accommodations. Passing within two
miles of Poolesville, dashing round Point of Rocks, and while
deeply buried in a revery which held us in the spell of war
romances, we suddenly stop in the wild scenery and architect-
ural dilapidation of Harper's Ferry.

Not a breath seems to have stirred a leaf in that slowly dis-
integrating town since the hero of Ossawattomie sounded the
dread bugle-note that crazed the phalanxes of the Old Domin-
ion, and raised a political dust which only four years of blood
drenching could lay. Curiously enough, the first sight for us
to contemplate on leaving the cars was a veteran of the Eighty-
seventh Penn., dragging a hearse out from the renowned engine-
house, " John Brown's fort," as it is now placarded in big sign
lettering. Let the old bullet-battered freedom castle remain a
hearse-house, and a reminder of the fact, that, when Virginia
drae^ed the " old fanatic " from the debris of an infuriated
bombardment, she drew a hearse which carried to its entomb-
ment the decomposed body of an arrogant aristocracy. Such
thoughts possessed us as we wandered- through those streets,
especially constructed for the benefit of the natiye "forty-rod

366 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

whiskey " victims ; for no man, until worked into a certain state
of inebriety, pretends to walk like a gentleman there. We
climbed Cemetery Hill, peered within the gaunt walls of the
viscerated stone church, then mounted the eminence which
overlooked the picturesque but blighted town. Across the
Potomac we gazed upon Maryland Heights, treacherously aban-
doned at a critical time in the great struggle ; over the conflu-
ent Shenandoah rose Loudon Heights, veiling the field of
Moseby's deadly surprises ; with a soldier's " about-face," we
surveyed the roll and rise of Bolivar, where Miles disgracefully
surrendered, yielding to the Rebels the key to a grand strategic
point. Not without reason has this wildly beautiful landscape
been lauded by European tourists of culture as containing the
finest scenery in America.

Hall's Island, where the Fourteenth camped in the fearful
February temperature of 1864, and the heights overlooking the
town, previously occupied as a temporary camp, and also for a
night in August of that year, were visited, and campaign mem-
ories revived.

We turn away from Harper's Ferry, glad to escape the sor-
rowful picture of its irretrievable stagnation, yet gratified that
the associations of the war and the reminiscences from heroic
campaigns came down with unchanged adjuncts, unmarred by
restorative gloss and paint. If the bugler who sounded the
"halt," two decades ago, died before he could wind again the
grand " forward," along these vista ranges of high-walled ver-
dure, it is certain that one potent force is not baffled, even here.
The railroad service in this region, scant in extent, has been
contemptible in administration. But a new era has dawned
upon the Valley ; and its resources are being adequately devel-
oped, through the energy and excellent service afforded by the
Baltimore and Ohio corporation, which runs the best-appointed
express and way trains in all this section, furnishing the choicest
of facilities to business-men and tourists. This branch of the
Baltimore and Ohio extends from Harper's Ferry to Staunton ;
and every veteran of the Valley campaigns will be startled to
behold the lightning-express dash through breastwork and rifle-

SOUTHERN LEISURE. 367

pit, over battle-fields and through defiles, portentous of Eebel
ambuscades and guerilla skirmishes.

To a Yankee it is a curious spectacle, plenty of people
hanging around, but tying up to loafing-posts, aimless, idle.
We were obliged to scour the Valley about as assiduously as
the war bummer did for fresh pork, before we could find any-
body doing any thing. We were in the midst of a more leis-
urely human existence than New England ever luxuriates in.
Even the carpenters in the village appeared to be waiting for
the tools to saw, chisel, or plane themselves up to their limp
grasp. The " New South " is not here, in any material charac-
teristics.

A strange inconsistency confronts the traveller in the Shen-
andoah Valley. Whatever may be antiquated or crude in the
sluggish, semi-Southern life of this naturally magnificent val-
ley, the principal thoroughfares are notable for their excellence.
These remarkable " pikes," so valuable in contrast with inter-
secting " dirt roads," furrowed and ridged in the dry season,
and veritable "sloughs of despond" in the wet, are unsur-
passed by any road-bed, city or suburban, save the "shell road "
and an asphalt paving. All through the Civil War, over the
" Winchester Pike," the Martinsburg, the Strasburg, and the
Harrisonburg, there surged, as through a great artery of the na-
tion's life, the best blood of the Union and Rebellion. Scouts,
guerillas, Ashby and Custer, Moseby and Averill, dashed up
and down, in terrible play of battle shuttlecock, and ever recip-
rocating sanguinary tilts. Multitudinous batteries of artillery,
leagues of ammunition, baggage and commissary wagons, thun-
dered and toiled over these famous pikes ; while the blue and the
gray lined the rich adjacent fields in startling alternations.

Here Patterson, Miles, Hunter, Sigel, Shields, Banks, and
Sheridan displayed their Union panoramic tactics, confronted
by the indomitable persistency and fine strategy of " Stonewall "
Jackson, and the dash and valor of the bravest fighters for a
wicked and hopeless cause. No splendid ancient way, immor-
talized by Roman legions and the tramp of the empire's victori-
ous hosts, could unfold such romances of war as were enacted

368 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

along the pikes of the Shenandoah. We struck the pike in fine
condition for our Valley tramp, sending our baggage whirling
along, by express-train, up the sinuous winding of a stream
whose war whisperings to anxious Northern homes became
scarcely less pathetic than those of the Potomac and Chicka-
hominy. And in this particular we experienced the first nov-
elty of contrast: for in the Valley campaign of 1864 we, first,
carried all our baggage on our backs ; second, we had no bag-
gage to carry. Folding our overcoats, and strapping knapsacks,
we sent them to Washington, and never saw them any more.
Somebody kindly cared for that baggage.

We strode down the eminence which is the crown of Harper's
Ferry, tramped cheerily along the " dirt " road, stumbling over
the diabolical volcanic pavement of the little village of Bolivar,
and over Miles's fizzle field. Rising, by easy grade and a twist
in the road, to the summit of Bolivar Heights, our "dirt" road
leads us to the pike ; and, rounding the high curve, we stop and
behold a scene of natural beauty such as no New-England land-
scape of fertility ever afforded. Such a spectacle, so lovely and
affluent a landscape, must stay any pen not mechanically auto-
matic. We stood there, in the grand display and culminating
glories of the harvest season ; and the wide-spread carpet of fer-
t\\\tj stretched away up the Valley to the vista's limit, the rich
soil rolling its harvest billows well up the sides of the majestic
mountain ranges on either side, which royally cradle the Shen-
andoah.

The most prosaic tourist can hardly repress an exclamation
of astonishment, when this vision of prosperity unfolds before
him, from stream-bed meads of grass away to hillside vineyards.
On rolling miles of fields the stooks of corn stood thick, save
where the scene was varied by the rich green fields of winter
wheat, charmingly interspersed ; with occasional foils of unri-
valled timber belts heightening the effect. To the civilian this
picture must appear as an inspiration : how, then, shall the vet-
eran depict the contrast between the devastation and ruin of
1864, and the luxuriant agricultural magnificence of 1881?
Between Bolivar Heights and Berryville the most productive

HALLTOWN MEMORIES. 369

acres of all the Valley spread out in perfect convenience for till-
age. We should immigrate to this region at once, could a New-
England community, with its privileges, be set down here in
bulk.

From Bolivar Heights to Halltown is a pleasant saunter, af-
fording, in its pike-side views of home-life and agricultural
methods, an epitome of all planter interests in Northern Vir-
ginia. Coming into the " town," I looked for the ruined mill
which formed the salient feature in my memory's photograph of
the place. But one other spot in Halltown, during the war,
rivalled the picturesque old mill, with its unveiled, glaring,
broken wheel. There was a sutler's shop, where cat and dog
meat pie was disbursed, at twenty-five cents per ounce ; and
where no hardened " substitute " ever dared eat pieces from
different pies at the same meal, fearing that the ingredients,
on coming together in one stomach, might remember and revive
their ancient feuds.

Just here we caught a hint of the general transformation
from the dearth and death of rebellion's era. The breeze which
erst bore to us the bugle-order or reveille drum-beat, now is
heavy with bleachery odors ; and we discern a great establish-
ment, and greater stooks of straw. The old mill is no more : a
big paper-mill holds the fort. Clambering up the strategic
ridge, we easily locate the old camp, even to our own precise
battalion front. From another standpoint we behold the same
landscape which so delighted us on Bolivar. The same exuber-
ance of fruitful tokens and wheat-green fields circle wide and
far on every hand. Curiously we noted corn-stooks where once
fluttered our shelter-tents ; and, since the corn was harvested,
the ridge had been ploughed, the corn, in shocks, still re-
maining, and the old company streets and color-line were
green-carpeted with fresh-sprung wheat. The breastworks and
rifle-pits are clearly discernible ; though here, as elsewhere, they
have been pretty thoroughly levelled by the plough. Some
singular exceptions we shall hereafter note.

A startling episode of our tarry in Halltown was experienced
when we approached a group of men, at the edge of the town,

370 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

all clothed in gray or Rebel butternut. What more like a gen-
uine Rebel picket-post, such as we were made familiar with
in all this region? The coincidence was sufficient to revive
campaign memories, and identify the present with the past, as
though but a day had intervened. The pilgrim veteran will
not be pained by any innovations or changes in this vicinity to
mar the mental picture which he retains of this fortified camp,
where Early pressed his reconnoissance so close that we viewed
a skirmish-fight stretching away across the Valley, a fine duel
of the liveliest sort. Plodding on, our reveries of marches,
" Johnnies," and hardtack were interrupted by a spectacle cal-
culated to excite intense disgust in the mind of every well-
disciplined veteran. There was a time when no pig was known
to sound an inviting grunt. But here is a pig, and on the high-
way of tramping armies in the good gone da} T s ; and he leers
upon us with the impudent confidence that bailiffs, rather than
bayonets, dominate hereabouts. To aggravate our misery, we
actually see a goose ; and then, worse still, at least half a dozen
chickens. We feel for our haversacks, and look around to see if
the colonel will notice our falling out of line for a little fora-
ging, wondering greatly that the boys ahead had failed to " scoop
in " the feathered treasures. Alas ! half the dear fellows are
under the sod, who raised the exhilarating shout we seem to
hear ; the haversacks are rotten with age ; and 'twas almost two
decades in the past when that rare hunger roused us to such
roaring roasts on Rebel rails.

As eighteen years ago, so now, we find ourselves quite foot-
sore, plodding into Charlestown. Like a strangely impressive
incident of }-esterday do we recall our passage through this
historic town. Our own column of the army passed through the
main street. As we filed into it from the open country, the
route-step changed to a rhythmic tread, the arms were brought
to uniformity, the colors were unfurled, and our regimental
band struck up,

"John Brown's body lies a-mouldering in the grave,
But his soul goes marching on."

IN THE VALLEY

WONDERFUL ENTHUSIASM. 371

Then was witnessed one of the grandest effects that ever
stirred an army to enthusiasm. There was little in the long
and dusty marches, sweltering heat, and enforced privations, to
suggest sentiment or romance to the soldiers in this arduous
campaign. But rare were the occasions in any department
throughout the Civil War when the soldiers of the Union were
exalted to such an heroic frame as was this army, inspired by
the associations which surround the place where the fearless
old champion of the slave gave up his life. Never did we see
this Union host in such a terrible mood for battle. There was
an almost irrepressible eagerness for a fight with the entire
Rebel army ; and the feeling was in no measure lessened as we
marched past the jail where the dreaded man was confined,
past the court-house in which he was tried, and over the field
where he was hung. Here were the pious relics of a large-
hearted though "fanatical' 1 patriotism; and from this shrine
proceeded, partly, that baptism which made our battalions
invincible in every conflict.

We find the court-house repaired ; the jail, gutted by aven-
ging fire, is entirely rebuilt : and we turn toward the field of
execution.

Passing along the street through which the old man rode,
seated upon his coffin, we tried to imagine the prisoner's
thoughts, a solitary man, surrounded by the serried hosts of
the " Old Dominion." However we may disapprove his wild
endeavor, no one can pass over the path of his last brief jour-
ney, look over the green fields to the greener mountains upon
whose summits his dying gaze was fixed with a calmness equal
to their own serenity, and fail to realize something of the
grandeur of his unselfish nature.

We encountered a smart scion of the F. F. V.'s. He was
manifestly just from college, and he must have bewildered him-
self as much as he puzzled us with his mathematical erudition.
"Can you tell us where John Brown was executed?" He
halted gracefully, struck an imposing attitude, regarded his
watch-chain with complacency and us with patronage.

Let his reply be chronicled with faithful precision : " You

372 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

observe that church yonder. Well, draw a line directly through
the combing of that church ; continue it on three or four streets
to where another line running diagonally crosses it; and just
where the two lines intersect, you will find the place, in the
open field beyond the town, where the execution took place."
We retained sufficient presence of mind to return thanks, and
then leaned over a hog-yard fence till this simple direction
could be transferred to the ubiquitous note-book. Not being
"up" in double-entry trigonometry with cipher premises, we
turned in despair to a sprightly darky, who had a double-
shuffle breakdown in every joint, and asked him the same ques-
tion. " You jes' climb over dat yer fence dar, and make fur dat
yer stump, and dar's de spot." We stood by the stump of the
tree in whose shade the gallows was erected on which was
enacted a tragedy which we had sung to the music of the
Union. When one old man died here, a great Southern empire
breathed easier.

Standing there in the awe of an event which was the prophet
and precursor of terrible things, we dreamed of the days when

" Tramp, tramp, tramp, the boys are marching,"

enlivened our swinging gait through this old town, the home of
the worst bushwhackers in all the region, where Rebel wives
and daughters glared, through breaks in closed shutters, at the
hated " Yankee minions," as we pressed the " splendid chivalry
of the Confederacy " up the Valley at a smarter pace than they
had ever learned before.

We pressed on to Berry ville, where Sheridan's army halted to
gather itself for the terrible tiger-spring of September 19, 1864.
It was a curious old hotel in which we stopped, much like the
country taverns of a romance. When we stopped in that town
on a former occasion, we distinctly remember that the best
room, twenty feet square, with two soft beds, etc., was not
assigned to us; but three of us did recline on a hubby side-hill,
under a very impalpable shelter-tent, with plenty of room to
turn over provided all could be waked and induced to move at
once.

YANKEE AND JOHNNIE. 373

The next morning we interviewed some promiscuous darky
recollections of the campaign times ; a dubious white man who
was "teeth and toe-nails Union," a kind of loyalty more fre-
quent in the marital than the military state, and then we
strolled a mile along the pike toward Winchester, to the spot
where Moseby hung three of our men on one tree. Back to
Berryville ; and the tramp to the camp-ground of the Four-
teenth previous to the great fight of the Opequan was sought
out. J. Edward Barnett, a Rebel soldier in Poogue's battery,
Hill's Third Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, escorted us
over the locus in quo, and explained the situation where the
Yankee's recollection was at fault. A call was made on John
W. Luke, whose house, just in rear of our lines, was much fre-
quented by Union officers. Away in front, across the field,
sloping down from our rifle-pits, is the plantation of Henry
Hewitt, familiar to our men as a resort for water.

We wandered over the rolling hillside, where so many of our
boys slept their last night on earth ; we looked away over the
familiar landscape to the west, where some of the bravest and
best who ever ennobled any army caught the light of their final
sunset; and we sat down as in a mysterious presence. The
quiet Sunday in that pleasant spot, preceding the dreadful
Monday's carnage, came back to us in memory ; and we saw the
dear comrades who marched out that night, but never into
another camp, as they grated their corn, fried their batter,
boiled their coffee, and filled their places in the camp-fire circles.
It was the last camp-ground of scores of the Fourteenth, and
the ground was sacred. We followed the route of the army
toward the battle-ground, tramping along the pike. The Ope-
quan ford, Wood's Mill, Abraham's Creek, and the gorge, were
passed; and then we stood on the battle-field of Winchester.

' ' A thousand fantasies
Began to throng into my memory,
Of calling shapes, and beckoning shadows dire ! "

When last we stood on that field, the air was heavy with the
smoke of conflict. The terrific noises of battle deafened the

374 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

ear, and the ground shook under the flying squadrons of Sheri-
dan's cavalry.

Where the men fell thickest, and most of our boys met their
death, we trod over broad acres of the most peaceable wheat
beautifying the earth with refreshing greenness. This battle-
ground is disappointing : no landmarks remain, and it is very
difficult to fix upon important locations. The two belts of tim-
ber, which formed the theatre of the heroic exploits of the
Nineteenth Corps, have entirely disappeared ; and the general
aspect of the field is altogether altered. We had our dinner on
the battle-field, in a house built by Mr. J. W. Jarrett, at the
very point where Jackson's old division double-quicked up and
checked our first advance. Mr. Charles B. Spangler, of the
Tenth Va., who was fighting us that day, was our escort over
the field. We plodded into Winchester at night loaded down
with bullets and a ten-pound cannon-ball fired at us by the
Johnnies on that day of victory and glory.

Winchester is the same half-nice, half-shabby, predominatingly
nondescript town that it was in the days when Union and Rebel
armies played shuttlecock with it. We found just two hotels in
the place, and that was two too many, of the kind. After a
careful investigation, the sound conclusion was reached, that,
at whichever of these two houses you determine to stop, you
should be sure and go to the other. Entering the hall, a pan-
demoniac bedlam was the first attraction, a wiggling, kicking
pyramid of small-fry being piled in the centre of the apartment.
There was no discrimination on account of color or previous
condition: for woolly pates and white legs were twined in comi-
cal and inextricable snarls ; ages, sexes, and colors being frater-
nally mixed.

From Winchester to Cedar Creek we pressed on in the early
morning, every inch of the way historic and eventful to Sheri-
dan's army. We took breakfast with the famous Rebel Larrick,
who shows the solid shot the Yanks fired into his hotel, which
further received a general battering from the Union musketry.
We visited Miller's Mill, held by both sides in the afternoon of
that fluctuating day.

THE PILGRIM AT CEDAR CREEK. 375

Cedar-Creek battle-field is almost precisely as when fought
over ; save that the Baltimore and Ohio Branch Railroad is
doing a thriving business, running its trains through the stream-
bed portions of the field. Here we found the station-agent and
postmaster, A. L. Ebersole, an excellent host; and we ate a
good dinner at more leisure than when the Johnnies were
running us over that very spot in '64. Here, again, we were
fortunate in the relic line ; Mr. Ebersole furnishing us with
choice mementos of the celebrated battle. Mr. George Staples,
an opponent on that day when Sheridan was " twenty miles
away," then a member of the Lynchburg Artillery, was plough-
ing on the field ; and agreeable reminiscences of the fight were
exchanged. Curiously, he was met at the very point where the
Rebel column was first observed by the Fourteenth Regiment,
charging upon us, on the 19th of October.

The line of breastworks extending from the pike to the
ravine, which ran a little to the right of the Fourteenth's loca-
tion, are in almost perfect condition, not having been cut by
plough or spade. The large white mansion, now embowered
in ornamental trees, which Gen. Sheridan occupied as his head-
quarters, fills its place in the landscape with the same pictur-
esqueness familiar to the Valley campaigner of 1864. Cedar
Creek winds in its romantic sinuosities to the still more crooked
Shenandoah, with not an iota of apparent change in the scene-
ry. The far-away hill, Round Top, beyond Strasburg and
Fisher's Hill, with its belt of cleared timber over the summit,
used by the Rebels as an observatory, is undisturbed in its war-
time aspects.

We visited Strasburg, and climbed the still well-preserved
parapets of Fort Banks, from which the Rebels on Fisher's Hill
were bombarded by Gen. Banks, with the brilliant result of
each side being able to hold its own intrenchments.

From Strasburg we tramped on to Fisher's Hill, the pike
running near the Shenandoah in one of its most delightful
sections. Here the Sixth Corps advanced to the attack ; while
along the rocky elevation, rising abruptly from the pike, the
Nineteenth Corps poured its line-of-battle. Here again we

376 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

fell in with an ex-Rebel whom we sent trotting toward Rich-
mond from these heights. The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
runs between the woods out of which we debouched when
coming under fire and the line of attack followed by the Four-
teenth.

Striking the ridge of timber, from which the regiment
emerged to begin the battle, we followed its course exactly
until the pike was reached, and the stone bridge (see illustra-
tion) was crossed, and the army started on its all-night pursuit
of the demoralized foe. Woodstock, Mount Jackson, Newmar-
ket, were passed in turn ; but feet were too sore, and legs too
tired, to plod farther on foot, "just for the fun of it," and the
remainder of the journey up the Valley was taken in an elegant
car of the Baltimore and Ohio road. There is no campaign of
the war more interesting for study to the veteran or civilian
traveller than that of Sheridan's in the Valley ; and nowhere,
through the South, are such facilities afforded.

From Harper's Ferry to Lynchburg every mile has been
fought over, and the railroad mentioned whirls its frequent
trains directly across these famous battle-fields. Here are
shrines worthy of enthusiastic pilgrimages by all who wore the
blue. The towns along the lines of march and battle would
never awaken a sad reflection in any Rip Van Winkle who
might have "skedaddled" during the late "unpleasantness,"
and returned perhaps yesterday. Had he left his pair of mules
hitched to the post of a corner grocery, doubtless he would have
found them undisturbed. Certainly, not a clapboard appears to
have fallen off, nor a shingle to have been replaced. There
were the uncouth wagons, shaped like a Chinese junk, with the
negro driver still pulling the jerk-rein, and bawling out his
mellifluous " Wah-hoo ! Yi-yay ! " Farmers rode into towns in
pairs, dressed in gray or butternut ; and we couldn't get rid of
the notion that they were Moseby's guerilla patrols.

Harrisonburg will be remembered by the Fourteenth. We
did not forget to call upon that good Union Dutchman,
Feuchtenberger, who slyly supplied our boys with soft bread.
He is rich, but runs his bake-shop still. There is life and enter-

THE LAST MARCH. 377

prise, and much of beautiful architecture, in Harrisonburg ; and
from its heights of observation the grand ridges, which enclose
the loveliest valley of all the South, settle back into vistas which
reveal wondrous glories under the gilding touch of the setting
sun.

Our march is finished. We unsling the old knapsack, and
hang it on the tent-pole, and dream of fifty years to come, when
some sprightly paragrapher shall say of one of our decrepit vet-
erans whom he remembers, that he

" Wept o'er his wounds, or, tales of sorrow done,

Shouldered his crutch, and showed how fields were won."

While the Union soldier, returning for a reconnoissance of
the fields of his marches and sanguinary triumphs, will be made
to feel that he heard the last reveille, cooked his coffee, and
rolled his dew-heavy blanket, but yesterday, and will find him-
self strangely at home amid the scenes of his flitting conflict-
life, still Nature has put on a new gown in which to greet
him, and the grand old Valley displays a magnificence which
no campaigner ever gazed upon.

378 FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

VII.

STATISTICAL TABLES.

The statistics grouped in the following tables have been pro-
cured from three sources : first, and chiefly, from members of
the regiment in response to circulars calling for the information
given ; second, from the official records in the office of the
Adjutant-General; third, from relatives and friends of mem-
bers whose address was unknown, or who were deceased.

That the records of some companies are less complete than
others, is not the fault of the committee : the most time and
effort has been expended on companies whose tables are most
incomplete. The indifference of many members has been a
serious hinderance to the work, and is wholly unaccountable.

That positive accuracy has been secured is not claimed, nor
is it to be expected : every effort has been made, however, to
secure it.

It is proposed to print, from time to time, on slips suitable for
insertion in the volume, such additions to Tables VIII. and IX.
as time is sure to bring. Members are earnestly requested to
forward to the secretary, promptly, such record of the decease
of comrades that may come to their notice as is required to
complete the Table VIII. and such information as is now want-
ing in Table IX.

ORIGINAL ROSTER.

379

TABLE I.

ORIGINAL ROSTER.

FIELD, STAFF, AND NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

Name.

Residenc

6
e. so

Occupation.

Date of
Commission.

Date of
Discharge.

Robert Wilson, Colonel K

Keene.

. 51

Lawyer .

Sept.

19, 1862,

Sept.

6, 1864.

Tilest. A. Barker, Lt.-Col.^

Westmorels

md . 55

Mail-agent

19, 1862,

Feb.

5, 1865.

Samuel A. Duncan, Mnj.-

Plainfleld

. 26

Coll. prof.

22, 1862,

May

4, 1866.

Alexander Uardiner,.l(/;'. 3

Claremont

. 30

Lawyer .

20, 1S62.

William A. Heard, Q.M.*

Sandwich

. 35

Merchant

16, 1862,

Oct.

15, 1863.

Wm. H. Thayer, Surg. 11 .

Keene .

. 40

Physician

19, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Marshall Perkins, A.S.* .

Marlow

. 40

Physician

23, 1S62,

8, 1865.

Franklin C. Weeks, ^.S. 5

Chester

. 27

Physician

23, 1862.

Elihu T. Rowe, C/iapl'n, 6

Plainfleld

. 48

Teacher .

Oct.

3, 1862,

20, 1863.

NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

Name.

Residence.

o
so
<

Occupation.

Date of
Enlistment.

Date of
Discharge.

Win. H. Bryant, Sgt.Maj.*
Albert F. Hussey, Q.M.S. 1
Milton S. Howe, Com. Sat. 5
G. D. Richardson, F.S'd,
Total ... 13

Meriden
Dover .
Jaft'rey
Keene .

22
23
24

Clerk
Clerk

Law-student .
Clerk

Sept. 23, 1862,

20, 1862,

Aug. 14, 1862.

Oct. 2, 1862,

May 20, 1864.
July 8, 1865.

8, 1865.

COMPANY A.

Frank T. Barker, Captain,

Westmoreland .

Exp. mesi

'ger, Aug.

31, 1862,

April

21, 1864.

Charles P. Hall, 1st LieuU

Westmoreland .

Teacher .

9, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Norman Howe, 2d Lieut. .

Hinsdale

Farmer .

11, 1862,

Nov.

3, 1863.

Sergeants.

Frederick L. Thomas, 1st, 9

Hinsdale

Farmer

. Aug.

11, 1862.

Russell F. Smith " .

Hinsdale

Weaver ,

11, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Henry B. Fay ii.

Hinsdale

Spinner

11, 1862.

June

17, 1865.

Jesse A. Fisk .

Dublin

Farmer .

9, 1862.

Elbridge Smith .

Marlow

Farmer

12, 1862,

Oct.

10, 1864,

Corporals.

Holland Wheeler is .

Westmoreland .

Scythe-mi

iker, Aug.

31, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

German Dunham u .

Hinsdale

Spinner

11, 1862.

Charles 0. Wilson " .

Sullivan

Farmer

13, 1862.

A. Henry Latham 4 .

Hinsdale

Weaver

11, 1862,

8, 1865.

Asaph VV. Pierce 5

Dublin

Farmer

11, 1862.

F. Eugene Hastings .

Hinsdale

Farmer

11, 1862,

8, 1865.

Bethuel J. Davis

Surry .

Farmer

13, 1862,

8, 1865.

Jewett P. Wellman*.

Hinsdale

Clerk

11, 1862,

8, 1865.

Musician.

Henry M. Staples 8 .

Keene .

Farmer

. Aug.

14, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Wagoner.

John H. Coggin 4

Hinsdale .

Teamster

. Aug.

11, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

i Tables II., VHI.
2 Table III.
s Tables IU., V.
* Table II.

6 Table IV.
a Table VIII.
Tables II., III.
8 Tables UL, VHI.

Tables IV., VI.
io Tables III., VI., VH.
Transf. V. R. C. Jan.
20, 1865.

12 Tables III., V.

is Tables II., III., VI.

Deserted Feb. 23, 186

380

FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Table I. Company A Continued.

Name.

Residence.

Occupation.

Date of

Enlistment.

Date of
Discharge.

Privates.
Adams, Frederick M.
Amsden, John 1 .
Barrett, Jacob .
Benton, Frank G. 2 .
Bigelow, Milton W. .
Bishop, William 2 .
Britton, George H. .
Brock, Charles E. 3 .
Burgess, Charles H. 2
Butler, John H.
Carruth, Thomas H. 4
Chamberlain. Ira B. 4 .
Crowninshield, Daniel 5
Daggett, Albert M. 8 .
Derby, Charles L.
Dunn, Noble T. 4
Evans, Nelson R.
Fisher, Lyman H.
Fiske, Charles R.7 .
Fleming, Joseph G. .
French, Preston L. 2 .
Fuller, David J.
Gary, Timothy M. .
Good, Benjamin
Goodnow, Edwin J. 6
Greeley, James K. 8 .
Greenwood, Albert C. 8
Greenwood, E. Tyler 9
Hall, Franklin J. 3 -
Hanrahan, Martin 8 .
Holden, Leonard S. 3 .
Holt, Russell T. 4
Holt, Samuel P >o
Horton, Charles H. .
Keith, Fay*
Kenney, Channcey .
King, John L." .
Knowlton, Luke,jun. 12
Knowlton, Charles i .
Knowlton, Asa .
Leach, Albert G. 4
Leach, Charles H. 4 .
Leach, Samuel I. 13 .
Lewis, George W. u .
Liscom, Samuel E. 6 .
Liscom, L. Frank 3 .
McCollester, Sumner L. 6
Mason, David .
Mason, Allison Z. 7 .
Mason, James B. 12 .
Matthews, Edwin B.
Merrifield, Simeon, jun.
Nims, Edwin I. 4
Packard, Alonzo C. .
Peeler, Charles A.M .
Perham, Elbridge
Pierce, Almon G 15 .
Pierce, William H. 6 .
Polley, Charles F. .
Policy, Gilbert C. 4 .
Pratt, William L. 2 .
Rawson, Isaac W. 6 .

Dublin

Hinsdale

Keene .

Hinsdale

Westmoreland

Keene .

Westmoreland

Chesterfield

Hinsdale

Westmoreland

Keene .

Hinsdale

Dublin

Hinsdale

Dublin

Westmoreland

Hinsdale

Westmoreland

Dublin

Marlborough

Westmoreland

Hinsdale

Swanzey

Sullivan

Dublin

Hinsdale

Westmoreland

Surry .

Hinsdale

Marlborough

Dublin

Westmoreland

Hinsdale

Marlborough

Dublin

Westmoreland

Marlborough

Troy .

Sullivan

Hinsdale

Dublin

Marlborough

Hinsdale

Westmoreland

21
44
26
21
19
22
J'',
18
27
19
19
18
35
25
22
27
18
28
19
18
24
22
IS
41
26
18
20
21
in
18
30
23
18
18
44
29
'24
32
24
28
21
19
21
21
2:,
21
25
36
22
2:;
23
37
l;i
33
23
28
is
18
19
18
19
20

Student .
Lumber-dealer,
Farmer .
Blacksmith
Polisher .
Finisher .
Farmer .
Carpenter
Farmer .
Farmer .
Machinist
Carder
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Currier .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Lumberman
Mechanic
Farmer .
Farmer .
Painter .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Mechanic
Carpenter
Farmer .
Farmer .
Painter .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Mechanic
Mechanic
Farmer .
Druggist's cl'k
Farmer .
Student .
Machinist
Farmer .
Farmer .
Pail-turner
Farmer .
Student .
Teacher .
Blacksmith
Painter .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Gigger
Farmer .
Student .
Farmer .
Finisher .
Carder
Farmer .
Farmer .

Aug.

Sept.
Aug.

12
11
11
29
11
20

8
15
23
19
11
11
11
11
2S
10
41
11
11
11

9
18
14

7
13
11

1
14
11
14
16
11
11
13
13
11
31

1
12
14
14
?A
20
11
11

1
12
12
14

1
14
13
11
14
11
11
11
II
11
11
14

1862,
1862.
isr,2,
lSC-2,
1S62,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862.
1862.
1862.
1862,
1862,
1862.
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1S62,
1862,
1862.
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862.
1862.
1862,
1862.
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862.
1862,
1862.
1862.
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1S62,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862.
1S62,
1S62.
1862,
1862.
1862,
1862,
1862.
1862,
1862,

July 8, 1S65.

8, 1865.
Dec. 12, 1864.
July 8, 1865.
March 16, 1865.
July 8, 1865.

8, 1865.
Dec. 18, 1863.
July 8, 1865.

8, 1865.
8, 1865.

Oct.

8, 1865.

3, 1863.
June 20,1865.
July 8, 1865.

June
July

Feb.
July

Dec.

Julv
May

8, 1S65.
4, 1S65.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.

8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.

8, 1S65.

8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.

8, 1S65.

21, 1865.

8, 1865.
10, 1865.

8, 1S65.

8, 1865.

S, lSi',:,.

7, 1865.
12, 1S64.

8, 1865.
17, 1865.

July 8, 1S65.

8, 1S65.

8, 1865.
8, 1865.

i Transf.V. R. C. Jan. 6,

1864. Table VIH.
Table VIII.
Table III.

4 Table IV.

6 Tables IV., VH.

8 Table VI.

> Table II.

8 Table V. " Tables III., VI.

9 Tables III., VI., VIH. Tr. V.R.C.,Dec.5,'64.
" Tables HI., V. " Tables II., III., VI.
ii Tables II., HI. Tables III., IV.

ORIGINAL ROSTER.
Table I. Company A Continued.

381

Name.

Residence.

Occupation.

Date of
Enlistment.

Date of
Discharge.

Privates.
Richardson, David L.
Richardson, Milo J. 1 .
Robbins, George B. .
Smith, Orson G.
Snow. Joel L. .
Spaulding, Henry D. 2
Sprague, Andrew
Starkey, William S. 2 .
Streeter, Isaiah C.
Timothy, Frederick A.
Tupper, Alonzo W. 3
Wardweli, George O.*
Wheeler, Lyman K. s
Whilcomb, 'Franklin C
Whittemore, Curtis A.
Winchester, Sidney P.
Woodward, Hiram .
Wright, Georga A. 7 .
Wyman, Nathaniel B. 8
Young, Sidney H. 8 .
Total .

100

Recruits.
Carroll, Horace 9
Crowninshield, Arnold C. 2
Evans, Stephen W. 10
Hamilton, Thomas C,
Lewis. Reuben A.
Mitchell, John E.
Thomas, Henry A.
Welch, Michael 3
Total .

Aggregate

10*

Stoddard .

Chesterfield

Hinsdale

Surry .

Hinsdale

Westmoreland

Hinsdale

Westmoreland

Troy .

Sullivan

Fitzwilliam

Swanzey

Troy .

Westmoreland

Hinsdale

Westmoreland

Plaistow

Hinsdale

Grafton

Gilford

Chesterfield

Keene

Newbury .

Milford

28
19
25
23
25
20
21
19
18
19
23
18
34
18
18
21
24
29
19
24

19
18
26
24
30
26
31

Farmer .
Machinist

Laborer .
Farmer .
Box-maker
Blacksmith
Cabinet-maker
Parmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Painter .
Farmer .
Mechanic
Turner .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Gigger
Weaver .
Farmer .

Farmer .

Laborer .

Steward .
Wood-turner

Painter .
Sailor

Farmer .

Aug.

Sept.
Aug.

1862,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862.
1862,
1862.
1S62,
1S62,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1S62,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862.
1862.

Aug. 3, 1S64,
Dec. 15, 1863.
Aug. 3, 1864.
3, 1864,
Sept. 17, 1864,
Dec. 8, 1863,
July 28, 1864,
28, 1S64,

July
Feb.
July

8, 1865.
5, 1863.
8, 1865.
25, 1865;
8, 1865.

Jan. 11, 1S65.

July 8, 1865.

8, 1865.

8, 1S65.

8, 1865.

8, 1865.
March 27, 1S63.
May 19, 1865.
July 8, 1865.

July 8, 1865.

8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.

COMPANY B.

John G. Johnson, C'ipt. .

Walpole

Carr. maker .

Aug.

21, 1862,

April

10, 1863.

Artemas M. Adams, 1st Lt.

Walpole .

Shirt manuf'r .

Oct.

9, 1862,

6, 1863.

Chas. E. Holbrook, 2d Lt*

Charlestown

Mechanic

Aug.

13, 1862,

May

5, 1864.

Sergeants.

Henry E. Barrett, 1st 9

Charlestown

Baker

Aug.

16, 1862,

March 2:

Henry Knight .

Marlow

Mechanic

14, 1862,

May

31, 1865.

Charles II. Jennisou .

Walpole

Farmer .

11, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

George A. White

Charlestown

Farmer .

11, 1862,

8, 1865.

Frank O. Pierce 5

Langdon

Box-maker

22, 1862,

Sept.

11, 1865.

Corporals.-

Austin II. Wolf 9

Walpole

Farmer .

Aug.

8, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Albert II. Tyrell 11 .

Charlestown

Miller .

Sept.

6, 1862,

8. 1865.

Clement G. Lane 7

Walpole

Laborer .

Aug.

22, 1S62,

June

15, 1S65.

Charles L. Green

Walpole .

Farmer .

14, 1862,

Feb.

22, 1863.

William R. Dunham 2

Marlow

Firmer .

14, 1862,

Jan.

10, 1865.

George R. Knapp 1 .

Charlestown

Shoemaker

13, 1862,

July

8, 18^5.

Jonathan Turner

Walpole .

Carp, andh'd'r,

4, 1862,

May

16, 1865.

Charles E. Hartwell .

Walpole

Farmer .

22, 1862,

July

S, 1805.

Musicians.

Charles II. Gilbert .

Walpole .

Farmer .

Aug.

9, 1S62,

July

8, 1S65.

Chauncey L. Corbin .

Charlestown

Farmer .

13, 1862,

Jan.

19, 1864.

Wagoner.

Jacob S. Pierce 2

Walpole

Farmer .

Aug.

22, 1862,

July

14, 1863.

i Table VIII.

2 Table IV.

3 Tables VI., VIII.

* Tahles II., III.

o Table VI.

Tables II., VI.

7 Table II.
Table V.
Table IH.

i Tables IV., VII.

" Tables HI., VI., VIII.

382

FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Table I. Company B Continued.

Name.

Residence.

Occupation.

Date of
Enlistment.

Date of
Discharge.

Privates.
Abbott, Warren l .
Adams, Lewis -
Adams. Norman L. 3 .
Barker, William A.*.
Benson, Ellery C.
Blake, Ira E/> .
Bos worth, William J.*
Brackett, Freeman E. 6
Bragg, Willard E. S. 4
Brown, Charles H. 4 .
Brown, Rodney J. .
Bundy, Amasa T. 1 .
Caldwell, Daniel F. .
Caldwell, Joseph W.
Colburn, Wilson W.
Cooley, John F.
Corbin, James W. 7 .
Cornwell, Richard B. 8
Dickey, George P. 1 .
Easter, Henry .
Emerson, Bellows 5 .
Farnsworth, John S. 5
French, Henry C*
Gassett, Daniel 5
Gassett, Ira H. .
Gates, Benjamin, 2d *
Gates, Henry H. 8
Gowen, Charles R. .
Gowen, George M. .
Grandy, James C.
Graves, Frank B.
Green, Charles L.
Green, Hiram .
Hasham, John 4
Hatch, Edward P. .
Hooper, Henry II. 4 .
Hopkins, John .
Kanelion, Michael
Kelley, John
Kenyon, David Y. 8 .
Keyes, George Alfred 9
King, John
Kreatzer, John F. 6 .
Kreatzer, Otis P.i<> .
Lawrence, Willard 10
Leland, Van Buren 6
Livingston, Edward H. 4
Marshall, Harlan P. 11
McKean, Patrick
McMahan, Michael
McMann, William
Melville, Charles H.
Munroe, Ora
O'Brien, Patrick
Parks, Fred S.= .
Parks, George W. 10
Perrigo, George I0
Porter, Charles E.
Powers, James F. 6
Putnam, Orson D. 4
Reason, Henry .
Richardson, Levi GA
Roundy, Edwin E.
Roundy, Franklin W.
Rumrill, Lucius l

Charlestown

Langdon

Charlestown

Walpole

W'alpole

Charlestown

Marlow

Walpole

Alstead

W'alpole

Walpole

Walpole]

Walpole .

Charlestown

Marlow

Charlestown

Walpole

Marlow

Walpole

Marlow

Walpole

Charlestown

Alstead

Walpole

Alstead

Walpole

Charlestown

Walpole

Charlestown

Walpole

Charlestown

Walpole

Charlestown

Marlow

Charlestown

Walpole

Marlow

( 'harlcstown

Walpole .

Charlestown

Walpole

Charlestown

-It
24
27
20
21
27
26
22
21
26

:;:
25
23
25
22
28
21
IS
35
32
30
18
22
24
36
21
16
21
22
18
24
40
18
20
21
27
35
35
26
20
36
44
18
40
22
37
22
29
19
19
24
4 2
25
21
26
25
23
18
44
20
39
18
18
25

Machinist
Farmer .
Fanner .
Blacksmith
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Laborer .
Farmer .
Miller .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Miller .
Shoemaker
Farmer .
Farmer .
Fariqer .
Shoemaker
Farmer .
Shoemaker
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Painter .
Farmer .
Laborer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Shoemaker
Farmer .
Shoemaker
Shoemaker
Shoemaker
Shoemaker
Farmer .
Shoemaker
Farmer .
Farmer .
Hostler .
Farmer .

Farmer .

Laborer .

Farmer .

Aug.

Sept.
Aug.

1862,

1862.

1862,

1862.

1862,

1862.

1862,

1862.

1862,

1862.

1862,

1.",

1862,

1862.

1862,

1862.

1862,

1862.

1862,

1S62,

1862,

1862.

l.'l

1862.

1862,

2.'.

1862.

1862,

1862.

1862,

1862.

1S62,

1862.

1S62,

1862,

July 8

June
July

Feb.

April 4
July 8

Sept. 28
July 8

Oct.

May 10

July 8

June 25

July 8

Aug. 13

July 23
8
8
8

8
23

April 14
July 8

1865.

1865.
1865.

1865.

1865.
1S65.
1865.
1865.
1864.
1865.
1865.
1865.
1865.
1865.
1S65.
1863.
1865.

1865.
1865.

1865.
1S65.
1863.
1863.
1S65.
1865.
1865.

1863.

1863.
1865.
1865.
1865.
1865.
1S65.
1863.

1865.

1865.
1865.
1865.
1865.
1865.
1865.
1865.
1865.
1865.

1865.
1865.

1865.

1S65.
1865.
1865.

i Table II.

2 Table VII.

3 Tables II. , III.

4 Table IV.
fi Table VIII.
8 Table III.

' Transf. Co. A.

8 Table VI.

s> Tables II., VI

i Table V.

" Tables III., VHI.

ORIGINAL ROSTER.

383

Table I. Company B Continued.

Name.

Residence.

Occupation.

Date of
Enlistment.

Date of
Discharge.

Privates.

Sliepard, Harvey E. 1

Walpole .

Farmer .

Aug.

14, 1862.

Sherman, George A. 3

Walpole .

Farmer .

11, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Smith, Erastus 3

Charlestown

Farmer .

30, 1862,

8, 1865.

Spencer, Benjamin E.

A 1 stead

Farmer .

27, 1862,

8, 1865.

Spooner, Stephen A. 4

Charlestown

Carpenter

15, 1862,

Jan.

16, 1865.

Sullivan, Thomas O.

Charlestown

Shoemaker

15, 1862,

July

7, 1864.

Tahen, Thomas

Walpole

Shoemaker

9, 1862,

8, 1S65.

Templeman, ElnathanR. 2 ,

Walpole

Painter .

7, 1S62,

8, 1865.

Tyler, William E. 8 .

Walpole

Farmer .

11, 1862.

Wetherbee, George L. 6 .

Walpole

Farmer .

30, 1862.

Wilder, Henry .

Walpole

Farmer .

13, 1862,

March 2:

Wilkins, Albert T.' .

Walpole

Laborer .

July

29, 1862.

Willis, Paul S.8.

Al stead

Farmer .

Aug.

30, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Wilson, Charles E. .

Walpole

Farmer .

25, 1862,

Dec.

12, 1862.

Wilson. Rockwell B.

Walpole

Clerk

Sept.

1, 1862,

July

15, 1863.

Wright, Charles H.s> .

Charlestown

Farmer .

13, 1862,

May

24, 1865.

Wyman, Samuel E. 7 .

Walpole

Laborer .

July

28, 1862.

Total . . .101

Recruits.

Adams, John Loren .

Charlestown

Saloon-keeper,

Dec.

22,1863,

July

8, 1865.

Anderson, James 10 .

Stratham .

Laborer .

Aug.

14, 1863.

Andrews, Fred B. .

Charlestown

Laborer .

Dec.

22, 1863.

Armstrong, Henry J. 10

Rochester .

Laborer .

Aug.

14, 1863.

Bailey, Emanuel D. G.

Charlestown

Fanner .

March 12, 1864,

8, 1865.

Bradshaw, Charles 10

Farmington

Sailor

Aug.

14, 1863.

Brown, Charles 10

Rochester .

Teamster

14, 1863.

Brown, William H. .

Nottingham

Farmer .

14, 1863,

8, 1865.

Bowman, James 6

Charlestown

Laborer .

Dec.

22, 1863.

Casey, John

Charlestown

Laborer .

22, 1863,

June

6, 1865.

Corbin, Charles N." .

Charlestown

Farmer .

22, 1S63,

July

8, 1S65.

Gee, Samuel O. 8

Washington

Farmer .

"Jan.

4, 1864.

Henderson, John 12 .

Deerfield .

Farmer .

Aug.

12, 1863.

Knapp, Charles II. 8 .

Charlestown

Salesman

Jan.

4, 1864,

8, 1865.

Lynda, George H.

Charlestown

Clerk

12, 1864,

May

19, 1865.

Smith, Charles .

Charlestown

Sailor

Dec.

22, 1863,

July

8, 1865.

Warn, William .

Keene .

Shoemaker

8, 1863,

8, 1865.

Wetherbee, Edward H. .

Keene .

Clerk

8, 1863,

8, 1865.

Total ... 18

Aggregate . 119

COMPANY" C.

Amos D. Combs, Otpt. n .
Ira Perry, iun., lit Lt. 11 .
Carroll D. Wright, 2d Lt?

Sergeants.
Jeremiah Lyford, 1st
Daniel K. Healey 15 .
J. Henry K. Jenks 16
Luther M. Parker" .
George H. Stone 16 .

Corporals.
George W. Nye
Reuben H. Combs 4 .
William Sebastian
Charles II. Gove 8
Ceylon S. Davis 4
Enoch Foster
George W. B. Coffee
George W. Feleh 1B .

Swanzey
Keen e .
Camb'port, Mass.

Keene .
Swanzey
Keene .
Keene .
Marlborough

Roxbury
Winchester
Swanzey
Keene .
Westport .
Marlborough
Swanze"*
Fitzwilliam

41
24
22

36
21

:;i

-10

36
25
25
29
43
24
24

Farmer .
Jeweler .
Law-student

Mechanic
Student .
Shoe-dealer
Teamster
Carpenter

Farmer .
Farmer .
Mechanic
Carpenter
Farmer .
Moulder .
Tinsmith
Clerk

Aug. 27, 1862.

29, 1862,

Sept. 1, 1862,

Aug. 26, 1S62,

12, 1862,

28, 1862.

7, 1862.

12, 1862.

Aug. 12, 1862,
19, 1862,
12, 1862,
12, 1862,
29, 1862,

12, 1862,

13, 1S62,
24, 1862.

July 8, 1865.
March 6, 1865.

July 8, 1865.
Nov. 17, 1865.

July

May
July

8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1S65.
8, 1865.
30, 1865.
8, 1865.

Tables III., IV., VI. 6 Table V.

Tables II., III. ' Des. Oct. 15, 1862.

Tables II., VI. 8 Table II. a Table VI.

i Table III. 8 Table IV. 10 Des. Nov. 4, 1863.

" Table VIIL
'= Des. Nov. 25, 1863.
" Dismissed Nov. 14, '63.
" Tables II. , III., VI.

is Tr. U.S. C. T. Aug. 31,
1863. Tables III., VI.
I" Tables III., V.
" Tables 111., IV.

384

FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Table I. Company C Continued.

Name.

Residence.

Occupation.

Date of
Enlistment.

Date of
Discharge.

Musicians.
Adalbert A. Houghton
Charles II. Barrett ' .

Wagoner.
Eli W. Reynolds

Privates.
Adams. Alphonso A.
Balch, Perley E. 2
Barber, < !harles H.
Barber, Charles H., jun.
Barber, John 3 .
Barden, Hiram *
Barnes, Frank 5
Barns, William O. .
Blodgett, Edmund 1 .
Bolio, Theodore *
Brennan, Mitchell G .
Brooks, Amos W. 6 .
Burbank, Franklin .
Burcham, Joseph 7 .
Byam, Benjamin \V.
Capron, George I. 1 .
Carroll, George Henry
Coates, Darwin C.
Collins, Perley E.
Collins, William s
Combs, Carroll L. 3 .
Combs, Poland M. .
Combs, William
Cummings, Joseph W. 8
Davis, Amasa .
Davis, Isaac A. .
Doolittle, Edward 8 .
Dyer, Simon 5 .
Fuller, Edward F. .
Gallagher, Frank .
Gilmore, Charles G. 3
Gorman, Michael
Harris, Daniel ;l
Hastings, Emery 1
Hay den, Thomas D. .
Baylies, Henry L. 10 .
Healey, D. Brainard 6
Hill, Charles H.
Holbrook, Henry D. .
Holman, Ira B. .
Holman, Thomas F. u
Howard, Ambrose W.
Leach, James .
Laraby, Frank 5
Mason, Charles A. 6 .
Mattoon, Charles W.
Mattoon, Samuel
Morse, Ansil A.
Nash, Horace H.
Osborn, Daniel P. 1 .
Parker, John A.
Philbrick, Charles W.
Pope, Theodore
Ramsdell, Joseph n.
Richardson, Delevan C. (
Bust, Nathaniel P. 12 .
Shattuck, Frank
Blyfield, Daniel
Blyfield, Franklin " .

Keene . .
Troy .

Swanzey .

Marlborough
Keene .
Swanzey
West Swanzey
Swanzey .
Keene .
Troy .
Troy .
Keene .
Keene .

Westmoreland
Fitz william
Keene .

Westmoreland
Keene .
Troy .
Keene .
Keene.
Marlborough
Marlborough
Winchester
Richmond .
Winchester
Keene
Swanzey
Marlborough
Swanzey
Westmoreland
Fitz william
Keene .
Swanzey
Kiine .
Fitzwilliam
Keene .
Fitzwilliam
Alstead
Swanzey
Keene .
Swanzey
Keene .
Fitzwilliam
Keene .
Keene .
Troy .
Marlborough
West Swanzey
West Swanzey
Gilsum
Gilsura
Fitzwilliam
Keene .
Troy .
Marlborough
Fitzwilliam
Marlborough
Marlborough
Troy .
Keene .
Keene .

) 5

! 1

Mechanic
Spinner .

Wagoner

Carpenter
Laborer .
Baker
Laborer .
Farmer .
Teamster
Farmer .
Laborer .
Stone-mason
Laborer .
Farmer .
Mechanic
Farmer .
Laborer .
Mechanic
Nurse

Brick-mason
Laborer
Farmer .
Machinist
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Laborer .
Carpenter
Farmer .
Laborer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Cooper .
Mechanic
Laborer .
Farmer .
Stone-mason
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Machinist
Machinist
Stone-mason
Farmer .
Laborer .
Mechanic
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Laborer .
Teamster
Shoemaker
Laborer .
Cordwainer
Farmer .
Farmer .
Carpenter
Brick-maker
Mechanic
Laborer .

Aug. 12, 1862,
30, 1S62,

Aug. 15, 1862,

Aug.

Sept.
Aug.

Sept.

Aug.

Sept.
Aug.

12, 1862,

13, 1862.

15, 1862,

14, 1862,
14, 1862,
27, 1862,
25, 1862.

I, 1862,
12, 1862,
21, 1862,
25, 1862.

25, 1862.
1, 1862,

31, 1862.
16,1862,

11, 1862,
13 ,1862,

26, 1862,

12, 1862,
12, 1862,

9, 1862,

21, 1862,

19, 1862,

27, 1862,

22, 1862,

12, 1862,

13, 1862.

25, 1862.

14, 1862,

16. 1S62,
14, 1862,

1, 1862,
21, 1862,

29, 1862.
1, 1862,

20, 1862.
14, 1862.

1, 1862,
12, 1862,

27, 1862,

26, 4S62.

27, 1862,
18, 1862,

25, 1862.
1, 1862.

26, 1862,
20, 1862,

1, 1862,
1, 1862,

30, 1862,

28, 1862,

II, 1862,
1, 1862,

26, 1862,
12, 1S62,
12, 1862.

28, 1862,
26, 4862,
18, 1862,

July 8, 1865.
8, 1S65.

Aug. 12, 1S63.

Oct. 8, 1864.

April 1, 1863.

July 8, 1865.

8, 1865.

June 30, 1865.

Aug. 18, 1865.
April 25, 1863.
Aug. 2, 1864.

May

6 1865.

Maxch28, 1863.
July 8, 1865.

8, 1865.

8, 1S65.

6, 1S64.
30, 1865.

July
May

July

Oct.
July

8, 1865.
8, 1865.
S, 1865.
17, 1864.
8, 1865.
5, 1863.
8, 1865.

Sept. 26, 1864.

July 8, 1865.

8, 1865.

May
July

May
June
July
Oct.

July

1S65.

1865.

18,

1865.

23,

1S63.

15,

1865.

is.

1864.

1863.

1865.

1S65.

1865.

i Table VIII.

2 Tr. V.R.C. Aug. 30, '64.

Table V11I.

3 Table IU.

Tr. V.R.C. Mar. 15, '65.

Table VIII.
o Deserted Jan. 14, '63.
e Table IV.

Tr. Co. A, April 2, *63.
8 Table VI.
s Tables VI., VIH.
iu Table V.

Tables III., IV.
12 Tables III., V.
J3 Table H.

ORIGINAL ROSTER.

385

Table I. Company C Continued.

Name.

Residence.

Occupation.

Date of

Enlistment.

Date of
Discharge.

Privates.

Smith, William .

Keene .

Mechanic .

Aug.

26, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Somell, Mar sells * .

Ilopkinton .

Laborer .

Sept.

1, 1862.

Spaulding, Dauphin 2

Keene . . .

Carpenter

Aug.

18, 1862.

Starkey, Horace B. .

Swanzey

Farmer .

12, 1862,

Feb.

6, 1865.

Stephenson, Charles E. .

Swanzey

Laborer .

22, 1862,

July

8, 1S65.

Stockwell, George H. 2

Marlborough

Carpenter

12, 1802.

Stone, Seamon A. 3 .

Swanzey

Farmer .

14, 1862,

8, 1865.

Stone, Stillman S.* .

Fitzwilliam

Laborer .

30, 1862,

June

1, 1865.

Stone, William W. .

Keene .

Hostler .

18, 1862,

July-

8, 1865.

Thalcher, Willard E. 2

Swanzey .

Painter .

15, 1862.

Thayer, John S. 6

Swanzey

Tailor .

20, 1S62,

May

13, 1865.

Thomas, Dexter H. 5 .

Swanzey .

Nurse

15, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Thompson, Cyrus H. 5

Keene.

Mechanic

28, 1862,

May

4, 1863.

Tolman, Sidney

Troy .

Cook

15, 1862,

July-

20, 1S63.

Totten, Christopher .

Marlborough

Stone-cutter .

12, 1862,

8, 1865.

Totten, James .

Keene .

Farmer .

30, 1862,

8, 1865.

Walton, Robert 2

Fitzwilliam

Mechanic

30, 1862.

Ward, Harrison R. G .

Swanzey

Mechanic

12, 1862,

8, 1865.

Wheeloek, Lincoln 5 .

Swanzey

Laborer .

11, 1862,

8, 1865.

Whitcomb, Darius II. 7

Fitzwilliam

Mechanic

30, 1862,

May

27, 1865.

Whitcomh, Wright*.

Fitzwilliam

Mechanic

25, 1862,

Sept.

21, 1865.

Wilbur, Chandler 9 .

Walpole

Shoemaker

IS, 1S62,

May

23, 1863.

Wilcox, Henry E. 2 .

Gilsutn .

Farmer .

30, 1862.

Total . . .101

Recruits.

Boyd, James 'P .

Laborer .

Aug.

20, 1863.

Burgess, William J. .

New Durham .

Sailor

14, 1863,

July

8, 1865.

Colado, Joakin 11

Rochester .

Sailor

14, 1863'.

Conner, James .

Peterborough .

Operative

5, 1864,

8, 1865.

Conwav, Joseph 10

Dover .

Sailor

14, 1863.

Davis, John 12 .

Rochester .

Jjumberman .

14, 1S63.

Diven, Francis 13

Milford

Sailor

1, 1864.

Dyer, Lewis S. D. 14 .

Keene . .

Mason

Dec.

IS, 1863.

Dyer, Peter*

Columbia .

Shoemaker

Jan.

5, 1864,

May

24, 1865.

Fifield, George W. .

Orford

Farmer .

Dec.

18, 1863,

July

8, 1865.

Kingsbury, Henry

Keene .

Spinner .

Feb.

16, 1865,

8, 1865.

Lillie, Levi N. 2 .

Fitzwilliam

Laborer .

Dec.

15, 1863.

Sherman, Peter .

Orford

Farmer .

IS, 1S63,

8, 1865.

Spooner, Lyman 2

Troy .

Laborer .

29, 1863.

Stone, Julius O. .

Fitzwilliam

Miller .

15, 1863,

8, 1S65.

Total . . .IS

Aggregate . 116

COMPANY D.

Caleb W. Hodgdon, CaptX

Weare

Dentist .

Aug.

22, 1862,

July 8, 1S65.

Stark, Fellows, Ut Lt. .

East Weare

Student .

22, 1862,

Sept. 4, 1863.

John N. Brown, 2d Ltfi .

Seabrook .

Merchant

20, 1862,

March 9, 1863.

Sergeants.

Elbridge D. Hadley.lsC 16

Deering

Teacher .

Aug.

15, 1862,

Dec. 29, 1864.

John X. Bruce 17

Manchester

Orna. painter .

14, 1862,

July 8, 1S65.

John O. Perkins 5

Hampton .

Farmer .

18, 1S62.

Joseph V. Bowie 19 .

Weare .

Shoemaker

14, 1862,

June 25, 1865.

George N. Janvrin .

Seabrook . ' .

Farmer .

13, 1862,

July 8, 1S65.

1 Deserted Jan. 14, 1863.

2 Table IV. s Table VU.
Table VI.

6 Table VIII.
e Table III.

i Table VI. Deserted Jan. 31, 1864. " Tables in., VI.

s Tr. V.R.C. Jan. 19, '65. i 2 Deserted March 17, '64. " Tables D ITT., VI.

Tables III., VI. 13 Missing Oct. 19, 1S64. " Tab'es TJJ., TV.

9 Tr. to Oo.F, Nov. 1, '62. " Deserted Feb. 11, 1S64. Tr. V.R.C. Jan. 5, '65.
io Deserted Nov. 27, 1S63. " Table U. Tables III., VI.

386

FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE,

Table I. Company D Continued.

Name.

Residence.

Occupation.

Date of
Enlistment.

Date of
Discharge.

Corporals.
Humphrey N. Gould
.John \V. Locke '
Warren H. Muzzey 2
Moses Wadleigh 3
John L. Collins .
Samuel S. Page 4
Charles W. Noyes B
Josiah Gove 6 .

Privates.
Addison, John -
Beale, Sumner
Beckman, Francis C.
Blake, George .
Boyd, Aaron E. 5
Boyd, Daniel
Boyd, Lewis
Breed, Enoch W.s
Brocklebank, George
Brown, Ira E. 2 .
Brown, Webster
Bruce, John It. 9
Butler, Walter N.
Carr, Charles C. 5
Chase, Derwin W.i
Chase, Nathaniel
Chase, Stephen W.
Cilley, Otis G.3 .
Clongh, Oliver G. 4
Colby, John B."
Collins, Augustine A
Coult, Stephen 0.6
Crane, Simon J. 4
Crane, Solomon J.
Davis, Daniel S.
Day, Henry C. G .
Day, James G. 4 .
Dow, Alfred B. 4
Dow, Simeon L.
Eastman, Morrills
Eaton, Robert C.
Ellsworth, Joseph H
Emery, Parker A.
Emery, Warren II. 11
Favor, Nelson H.
Foster, James F. u
Gillispie, James A. 12
Godfrey, Jacob T.
Godfrey, Oliver H.
Gove, Albert
Haladay, George E. 6
Hamilton, William L
Hastings, Charles 3
Heffron, Patrick
Hodgdon, George W
Hodgdon, William H
Homan, Charles L.
Janvrin, John S.' 4
Janvrin, Joshua ls
Jones, Eliphalet 6
Jones, Joseph P. 18
Jones, Sylvester n
Kimball, Charles B.
Leavett, Jeremiah K
Leonard, James

Weare

Seabrook

Weare

Hampton

Seabrook

Weare

Newton

Seabrook

Kensington

Seabrook

Weare

Deering

Kensington

Seabrook

Manchester

Seabrook

Weare

Seabrook

Weare

Deering

Weare

Auburn

Deering

So. Hampton

Weare

Seabrook

Weare

Hampton

Weare

Seabrook

Hampton

Seabrook

Weare

Seabrook

Hampton

Kensington

Weare

Seabrook

Weare

Seabrook

Keene .

Seabrook

Kensington

Gilmanton .

21
33

31
19
19

L"J
19
19

40
29
20
18
18
22
in
24
32
23
32
26
-7

;>,.-.

35
23
31
-It
32
18
24
25
34
20
24
18
18
18
20
18
38
20
20
21
18
39
42
18
28
20
34
22
44
21
44
44

Shoemaker

Clerk

Mechanic

Carpenter

Shoemaker

Farmer T

Shoemaker

Farmer .

Expressman

Shoemaker

Groeeryman

Shoemaker

Seaman .

Shoemaker

Shoemaker
Farmer .
Machinist
Shoemaker
Factory Op.
Shoemaker
Boat-builder
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Carpenter
Shoemaker
Farmer .
Farmer .
Shoemaker
Shoemaker
Shoemaker
Shoemaker
Shoemaker
Farmer .
Shoemaker
Mechanic
Farmer .
Mechanic
Farmer .
Cordwainer
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Mechanic
Farmer .
Farmer .
Music-teacher
Painter .
Farmer .
Shoemaker
Seaman .
Shoemaker
Shoemaker
Laborer .
Farmer .
Hatter .
Farmer .

Aug. 21, 1S62,

13, 1862,
16, 1S62,
21, 1862,

14, 1862,
19, 1862,
12, 1862.
16, 1862,

Aug.

Sept.

Aug.

Sept.
Aug.
June
Aug.

Sept.
Aug.

Oct.

Sept.
Aug.

Oct.

Sept.

Oct.

Aug.

Sept.
Aug.
Sept.
Aug.

Sept.

19, 1862,
13, 1862,

12, 1852,

13, 1S62,
27, 1862.
22, 1862,

11, 1X62,

14, 1862,

15, 1S62,

15, 1862,
29, 1S62,

20, 1862,
8, 1S62,

16, 1862.
14, 1862.

3, 1862,

14, 1862,

18, 1862,

15, 1862,

19, 1862,

15, 1862,

16, 1862,
15, 1862,
13, 1862,
29, 1862,
18, 1862,

21, 1862,
1, 1862,

29, 1862,
15, 1S62,

13, 1862,

20, 1862,
15, 1862,

14, 1862.

18, 1862,

12, 1862.

19, 1862,
18, 1862,

20, 1862,

30, 1862,
26, 1S62,

22, 1862,
3, 1862,

15, 1862,

16, 1862,

13, 1862,
22, 1862.

13, 1862,

11, 1862,

14, 1862,
3, 1S62.

12, 1S62.
15,1862,

15, 1S62,
22, 1862,

July

May
July
Jan.
July

June
July

Sept.

July

Sept.
July

Oct.
July

Sept.
July

11, 1865.

8, 1865.
20, 1865.

8, 1865.

8, 1863.

8, 1865.

June 8, 1S65.

May 2, 1864.

July 8, 1865.

8, 1S65.

Sept.
July

8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.
17, 1863.

8, 1865.

5, 1863.

8, 1865.

8, 1865.
13, 1863.

8, 1865.
30, 1863.

8, 1865.
21, 1864.

8, 1865.

8, 1S65.
28, 1S63.

8, 1865.

5, 1865.
18, 1865.

8, 1865.

7, 1865.

8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.
7, 1864.
5, 1865.

June 28, 1865.

2S, 1865.

July 8, 1865.

8, 1865.
Oct. 17, 1S64.
Sept. 24, 1864.

Tables II., III.

Table VI. a Table III.

Table VIII.

Table V. Table II.

i Tables III., VII.
s Tables II., VI.
Tr. Go. C.Jan. 1, '64.
i Tables III., V.

Table IV.

" Tr.V.R.C.Apr.17,

Table VI.
is Tables VI., VIII.

1 4 Tr. V.R.C. Jan. 26, '65-
'65. Table VI.

'is Tr. V.R. C.Oct. 18, '64.
io Deserted Oct. 11, '62.

ORIGINAL ROSTER.

387

Table I. Company D Continued.

Name.

Residence.

Occupation.

Date of
Enlistment.

Date of
Discharge.

Privates.

March, George W. .

Danville

Shoemaker

Aug. 20,1862,

Nov.

20, 1863.

Marston, Melbourne 1

Hampton .

Farmer .

18, 1862.

Marston, Otis H.

Hampton .

Farmer .

19, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Mayo, Joseph 2 .

Weare

Carriage mfr. .

15, 1862,

May

2, 1865.

McCorrnicfe, Bernard 8

Seabrook .

Laborer .

15, 1862,

Feb.

5, 1863.

McKellips, Harvey J.

Weare

Farmer .

14, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Moffltt, Frank T.* .

Seabrook .

Hotel-clerk

15, 1862,

S, 1865.

Moore, Cassirairo M. 1

Weare

Farmer .

26, 1S62.

Morrill, Frank P.s .

Weare

Farmer .

22, 1862.

Morrill, James 2

Weare

Shoemaker

15, 1862,

8, 1865.

Osborne, Jesse B. 6 .

Weare

Shoemaker

13, 1S62,

8, 1865.

Peas ley, Edwin N. .

Weare

Farmer .

27, 1862,

Dec.

20, 1863.

Peacock, Hyla D.

Kensington

Cordwainer

14, 1862,

July

6, 1865.

Randall, John E.s .

Seabrook .

Shoemaker

27, 1862.

Rowell, Amos 3 .

Kensington

Photographer .

Sept. 13, 1S62,

5, 1865.

Sehotield, James 3

Weare

Shoemaker

Aug. 13, 1862,

May

18, 1S65.

Selley, Robert M. W. 3 .

Dee ring

Butcher .

15, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Stott, Charles

Seabrook .

Weaver .

Sept. 26, 1S62,

Oct.

16, 1862.

Swett, George W. 8 .

Seabrook .

Clerk

Aug. 13, 1862,

June

11, 1865.

Terrill, Benjamin F. 4

Weare

Farmer .

16, 1S62,

July

8, 1865.

Thurston, Peleg B.? .

Weare

Mechanic

15, 1862,

7, 1865.

Thompson, Samuel E.

Dee ring

Mechanic

15, 1S62,

June

17, 1865.

Titcomb, Henry H. 8 .

East Kingston .

Clerk

21, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Walch, Michael"

North Hampton,

Laborer .

25, 1862.

Wallace, Silas R.

Manchester

Mill-hand

22, 1862,

8, 1865.

Walton, Edwin '

Seabrook .

Yeoman .

Oct. 1, 1862.

White, Philander C. 8

Concord, N.H. .

Farmer .

Aug. 19, 1862,

8, 1865.

Wiggin, Thomas J. 10

Manchester

Painter .

7, 1862,

June

26, 1865.

Willard, George S 3 .

Weare

Mechanic

15, 1862,

22, 1865.

Wilson, Stephen M. u

Manchester

Brush-maker .

18, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Wright, James A.

Seabrook .

Fisherman

13, 1862,

8, 1865.

Total . . .102

Recruits.

Brockway, Hoi lis C.

Bradford .

Farmer .

Feb. 8, 1S65,

July

8, 1865.

Brucklebank, John A. 5 .

Newbury

Farmer .

Aug. 1, 1864.

Burdell, William U. .

_ _

_ -

Chapin, Charles A. .

Keene .

Mechanic

March 1, 1S65,

8, 1865.

Choate, John 5 .

Bin d ford

Laborer .

Feb. 8, 1S65.

Clark, Frank J. 3

Bradford

Farmer .

Aug. 19, 1863,

March 3

Eaton, Abner L.

Seabrook

Shoemaker

Jan. 18, 1864,

July

8, 1S65.

Hardy, Charles H. .

Keene .

Laborer .

March 1, 1865,

8, 1865.

Hayes, Joseph B.

Keene .

Mechanic

9, 1865,

8, 1865.

Howard, George A. 5 .

Keene .

Mechanic

9, 1865,

8, 1S65.

Janvrin, William T.

Seabrook

Shoemaker

15, 1864.

Jewell, Daniel 12

Whitefield

- _

9, 1865.

Marston, William W.

Keene .

Teamster

1, 1865,

8, 1865.

Mills, James T. 5

Concord

Oct. 13, 1S62.

O'Brien, John .

Keene .

Laborer .

Feb. 8, 1865,

8, 1865.

Randall, William n.

Seabrook

Shoemaker

Jan. 4, 1864,

8, 1865.

Scriaman, Frank

Grafton

Laborer .

July 30, 1864,

8, 1865.

Souther, George T. 1 .

Seabrook

Jan. 2, 1S64.

Whitney, Leonard F.

Keene .

Mechanic

March 9, 1S65,

8, 1865.

Total ... 19

Aggregate . 121

i Table V.

2 Tables II. , VI.

3 Table VIII.

4 Table II.
o Table IV.
6 Table VI.

7 Table VII.

a Tables III., VIII.

9 Deserted Oct. 2, 1862.

io Tables II., III.

ii Tables III., VI.

" Deserted May 6, 1865.

388

FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Table I. Continued.
COMPANY E.

Name.

Residence.

Occupation.

Date of
Enlistment.

Date of
Discharge.

Freedom M. Rhodes, CaptJ
William Cobleigh, 1st Lt?
JohnE. Willis, 2d Lt. 1 .

Sergeants.
Franklin Wheeler, 1st 2 .
Hiram J. Rounds 3 . .
John A. Harriman 4 .
Lewis P. Summers 5 .
Walter Buck c .

Corporals.
Thomas J. Lary
Isaac R. Smith 5
David S. Harvey 7
LelandB. Philbrook 5
William A.Willis* .
George W. Purrington
Orwando Lary 8
Theodore Moran 9

Musician.
George R. Holmes .

Wagoner.
Abel H. Wesson

Privates.
Applebee, George
Ball, Emery, M.D. .
Bartlett, George S. 7 .
Bout well, Frank
Bracked,, Oliver 10 .
Brooks, Joseph n
Brown, Harvey R. 5 .
Colby, Moses 12 .
Cotton, Aaron .
Crawford, Bryant E. 7
Curtis, Moses S. 12
Cushman, Horace, 2d 5
Day, John G. 1 .
Dow, Aldin A. 7 .
Eastman, Darius G. 7
Ellingwood, Oscar P. 13
Elliott, Marquis L. 11 .
Emery, Nathaniel
Evans, Edwin F. 7
Evans, William .
Folsom, Stephen P. 8 .
Forbes, Erastus W. 1 *
Ford, George W. 1
Gaskill, Almon P. 1 " .
Gaskill, Rufus D. .
Goodnow, Henry 8 .
Gray, Jared 7
Gray, Joseph M. 5
Greenlaw, John W. .
Griffin, Daniel 15
Hawkins, Thomas A. ls
Henson, Charles
Henson, Moses .
Hicks, Hiram G. 17
Holbrook, Roswell 12
Holbrook, William W.

Lancaster
Nortbumb
Gorham

Milan

Lancaster

Dalton

Lancaster

Dalton

Milan .
Stark .
Gorham
Shelburne
Milan .
Duinmer
Milan .
Milan .

Jefferson

Lancaster

Jefferson

Dalton

Duinmer

Lancaster

Milan .

Northumber

Stratford

Lancaster

Milan .

Dalton

Milan .

Dalton

Gorham

Lancaster

Milan .

Gorham

Dalton

Stark .

Milan .

Colebrook

Bow .

Dalton

Gorham

Jefferson

Lancaster

Milan .

Gorham

Hummer

Stark .

Jefferson

Stratford

Stark .

rland,

. .

, .

rland,

, ,

, .

t .

, .

, ,

, .

, ,

Student .
Watchman

Mechanic
Engraver
Merchant
Farmer .
Teamster

Riverman

Farmer .

Machinist

Farmer

Miller

Joiner

Miller

Laborer

Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Laborer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Lumberman
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Cabinet-maker
Farmer .
Farmer .
Lumberman
Farmer .
Blacksmith
Farmer .
Farmer .
Blacksmith
Blacksmith
Currier .
Farmer .
Laborer .
Merchant
Laborer .
Farmer .

Farmer .
Farmer .
Laborer .

Sept. 23, 1862,

Aug. 31, 1862,

14, 1862,

Aug.

15, 1862,
22, 1862.
20, 1862.
12, 1862.
22, 1862.

20, 1862,
22, 1862.
16, 1862,
18, 1862.
14, 1862,
16, 1862,
18, 1862,
16, 1862.

Sept. 2, 1862,

Aug. 12, 1862,

Aug.

Sept.
Aug.
Sept.
Aug.

Sept.
Aug.

18, 1862,
25, 1862,
15, 1S62,
18, 1S62,
15, 1862.
25, 1862.
7, 1862.

14, 1862,
23, 1862,
13, 1862,
22, 1862,

20, 1862.

18, 1862,

15, 1S62,
13, 1862,

21, 1862,

22, 1862.
22, 1S62,
13, 1862,

3, 1862.
12, 1862,
20, 1S62,

12, 1862,
25, 1862.

19, 1862,
1, 1862,

13, 1862,
13, 1862.
15, 1862,

9, 1862,

13, 1862.
22, 1862,
22, 1S62,
30, 1862.

14, 1862,
22, 1862,

July 23, 1863.

8, 1865.

Sept. 16, 1863.

July 8, 1865.

May 18, 1S65.

July 8, 1865.

8, 1865.

June 8, 1865.

8, 1865.

Dec. 10, 1862.

July 8, 1865.

July
May
July

Oct.

June
July

June
July
May
July

June
Aug.

July

May

Nov.

July

8, 1865.

24, 1865.

8, 1865.

4, 1865.

7, 1865.

8, 1865.

16, 1865.

8, 1865.

24, 1865.

11, 1865.

8, 1865.
8, 1S65.

26, 1865.
8, 1865.
3, 1863.

8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.

29, 1863.
22, 1863.

8, 1865.
8, 1S65.

8, 1865.

5, 1865.

i Table VIII. 6 Tables III., VI. Deserted Oct. 1, 1862.

" Tables II., III. 7 Table III. " Table VI.

s Tables III., IV., VII. Table II. 13 Tr. V.R.C. Sept. 9, '63.

Tr.V.R.C.Aug.l0,'64. Tr. V.R.C. Sept.22,'63. "In the 4th U.S. Cav.
6 Table IV. 10 Deserted Jan. 11, 1863. Oct. 15, '66-Oct. 15, 71

1 5 Re-enl. 12th Me. Vols.

io Tables III , V.

17 Deserted Nov. 22, 1864.

ORIGINAL ROSTER.

389

Table I. Company E Continued.

Name.

Residence.

Occupation.

Date of
Enlistment.

Date of
Discharge.

Privates.
Hodge, Ida A. .
Hubbard, James O.
Ingerson, George W
Jarvis, Edward l
Jarvis, William 2
Johnson, William W
Jordon, Harry W.
Jordon, Thomas J.*
Knight, Calvin J. 4
Lane, Henry A.*
Laury, Andrew J. 5
Laury, Eldolph .
Lindsey, George H. 2
Lovcjoy. John B. 3
Lunn, William M. 2
Marshall, Freeman
Massure, Erastus 3
Massure, Jonas 2
MeFarland, Loring
Morse, George W. 7
Morse, John
Moulton, Benjamin F
Nutter, Charles E.
Orcutt, John I).*
Ordway, Daniel
Page, Henry 9 .
Potter, Daniel 2 .
Purrington, John 2
Quint, George C. 2
Rich, Spaulding S.
Richardson, Lemuel M.
Robbins, Daniel S. 10
Rowe, James M.
Sessions, Sumner
Sherwood, William 13
Stalbird, William H.
Stilling*, Ruel P.
Stone, Munroe J. 3
Twitchell, Claudius A. 2
Veasie, John 2 .
Wallace, Asahel K. 3
Webb, George F.
Wheeler, Algier B.
Wilder, Edward B. 2
York, Horace 12 .
Young, Antipas
Young, David .

Total . . .101

Recruits.
Armstrong, Alpheus 2
Bean, Caleb F. 8 .
Blair, William .
Cobleigh, Charles
Cross, Alanson .
Delven, Peter 13 .
Dolan, John
Dustin, Joseph H.
Elliott, Benjamin F. 1
Evans, John C. 2
Fox, Benjamin 1S
Goud, George S. 3
Hanford, Edward lf >
Hastings, John G.
Hawkins, Alpheus W
Hedrick, William H."

Lancaster

Dalton

Jefferson

Lancaster

Stratford

Berlin .

Jefferson

Whitefield

Milan .

Whitefield

Dummer

Stark .

Dalton

Stark .

Northumberland

Dalton

Lancaster

Jefferson

Milan .

Stark .

Milan .

Whitefield

Lancaster

Milan .

Stark .

G or ham

Dummer

Lancaster

Jefferson

Stark .

Milan .

Dummer

Dalton

Gorham

Stratford

Lancaster

Milan .

Stratford

Lancaster

Hinsdale

Dummer

Lancaster .

Northumberland,

Portsmouth

Littleton
Milan .
Barrington
Milan .
Milan .
Keene .
Lancaster
Rochester

18
29
20
21
23
25
25
23
34
18
21
31
18
23
31
IS
21
39
32
26
18
36
is
17
21
32
22
44
18
31
21
24
29

'JO
44
19
24
21
is
43
43
29
18
Jl
26
21
23

Farmer .

Laborer .

Farmer .

Laborer .

Farmer .

Farmer .
Lumberman

Farmer .

Laborer .

Farmer .

Laborer .

Farmer .

Farmer .
Lumberman

Farmer .

Farmer .
Teamster

Farmer .

Laborer .
Harnessmaker

Farmer .

Laborer .

Fanner .

Farmer .

Laborer .

Farmer

Clerk

Laborer

Sailor

Farmer

Teamster

Millman

Painter

Farmer

Sailor

Aug.

Sept.
Aug.

Dec.

Aug.

Dec.

Jan.

Dec.

Aug.

Dec.

Aug.

Jan.

Dec.

Aug.

1862,

1862.

1862,

1S62,

22,

1S62,

12,

1862,

22,

1862.

J 5,

1862,

.)>

1S62.

20,

1862,

Jl,

1862,

Jl,

1862.

Jl,

1862,

19,

1862.

1862,

11,

1862,

22,

1S62,

Jl,

1862,

12,

1862,

..*

1862.

I-,

1862.

22,

1S62.

22,

1862,

VJ,

1862,

13,

1862.

Jl.

1862,

12,

1S62,

18,

1S62,

12,

1862,

i:;.

1862,

22,

1862,

1862.

15,

1862.

22,

1862,

1S62,

12,

1862.

18,

1862,

12,

1862,

15,

1863.

J'.',

18H3,

29,

1863,

23 ,

1863,

23,

1863,

1",

1863.

J",

1863,

IS,

1S64,

29,

1863,

14,

1863.

29,

1863,

14,

1863.

15,

1865,

31,

1863,

14,

1863.

July

Nov.

July

Aug.

July

Oct.

May

July

June
July

Dec.
July

June
May

July

Feb.
May

July

8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1S65.

28, 1863.
8, 1865.

7, 1863.

8, 1865.
24, 1864.
18, 1865.

8, 1865.

Oct. 20, 1864.

June

8, 1S65.
8, 1865.

8, 1865.

6, 1864.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.
27, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.

8, 1865.
8, 1865.

8, 1865.

8, 1865.
14, 1865.
21,1864.

8, 1865.

8, 1S65.

8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.

26, 1865.
21, 1865.
15, 1863.

8, 1865.

18, 1865.

8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.

8, 1865.

8, 1865.
12, 1864.

i Des. Nov. 22, 1863. e Tables VI., VIII. Transf. V. R.C. Aug. " Tables VL, VII.

2 Table IV. 3 Table III. ' Des. Oct. 1, 1862. 3, 1864. Table VIII. " Des. Nov. 3, 1863.

* Table VIII. 8 Tab i e V I. Table II. 12 Tr.V R.C. Jan. 25, '65. ' Des. Nov. 18, 186.3.

<s Tables II., III., VI. 10 Des. Jan. 11, 1863. 13 Des. Dec. 6, 1863. Des. March 16, 1864.

390

FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Table I. Company E Continued.

Name.

Residence.

Occupation.

Hate of
Enlistment.

Hate of
Hischarge.

Recruits.

Heleey, James 1

- -

Boatman .

Aug.

19, 1863.

Henderson, -Tames 2 .

Somersworth

Sailor

14, 1S63.

Henderson, John

Alstead

Snilor

5, 1864,

July

8, 1S65.

Hogarj, William D. 3 .

Farmington

Sailor

14, 1863,

June

24, 1865.

Hopkins, John J. 4 .

Peddler .

19, 1863.

Kelley, John 6 .

- -

Laborer .

20, 1863.

Leonard, Henry 0. .

Keene . .

Teacher .

Jan.

16, 18G5,

July

8, 1865.

Lyons, Patrick .

Gilford

Laborer .

Aug.

31, 1864,

8, 1S65.

Mathy, John Edward

Langdon

Bookbinder .

5, 1864,

8, 1865.

Murphy, James

Hinsdale

Sailor

5, 1804,

8, 1865.

Neal, William H. .

Concord

19, 1864,

May

5, 1865.

Oswold, Carl B.

Berlin .

Laborer .

Jan.

15, 1865,

July

8, 1865.

Perham, Leonard

Hinsdale

Miller

Hec.

15, 1863,

May

30, 1865.

Pike, John D. .

Northumberland,

Laborer .

Jan.

12, 1863,

July

8, 1805.

Rugg, Bewail F.e

Keene .

Tinsmith

17, 1865,

8, 1865.

Sabine, Prank .

Whitefield .

Barber

18, 1865,

8, 1865.

Seavey, W. H. .

Hummer

Laborer .

Hec.

29, 1863,

8, 1S65.

Terry, Joseph .

East Kingston .

Laborer .

July

28, 1S64,

8, 1865.

Twitchell, Charles M.

Milan .

Farmer .

Hec.

29, 1863,

8, 1865.

Underwood, Jesse 7 .

Halton

Blacksmith

29, 1863,

May

26, 1 865.

Watson, Pembroke 8.

Berlin .

Miller .

Jan.

15, 1865,

July

8, 1865.

Wentworth, Thomas

Lancaster .

Farm er .

Hec.

31, 1863,

8, 1S65.

Whipp, Charles A. 8 .

Northumberland,

Farmer .

23, 1863,

8, 1865.

Total ... 39

Aggregate . 140

COMPANY F.

Theo. A. Ripley, Capt? .

Winchester

Straw goods .

Aug.

23, 1862,

May

15, 1865.

Stephen Phelps, 1st Lt. .

Winchester

Tin business .

23, 1S62,

Jau.

20, 1864.

Wm. A. Fosgate, 2d Lt. 10 .

Winchester

Student . .

14, 1862.

Sergeants.

John H. Goodwin u .

Chesterfield

Currier .

Aug.

18, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

George G. Martin 12 .

Winchester

Merchant .

13, 1862,

8, 1865.

Artemus B. Colburn 10

Richmond .

Merchant

20, 1862.

John F. Hunt .

Winchester

Blacksmith

13, 1862,

Aug.

4, 1863.

Henry H. Howe

Chesterfield

Farmer .

22, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Corporals.

Henry F. Pratt 13

Winchester

Student .

Aug.

13, 1862,

June

22, 1865.

George Norwood I4 .

Winchester

Farmer .

21, 1862.

Charles G. Howard ls

Winchester

Mechanic

18, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Milton G. Frost u

Milan .

Farmer .

13, 1862.

Novatus Graves

Winchester

Mechanic

19, 1862,

8, 1865.

U. Barrett Fosgate 15

Winchester

Farmer .

13, 1862,

8, 1S65.

Floras H. Wood 7 .

Winchester

Farmer .

18, 1862,

8, 1865.

Henry E. Baldwin .

Winchester

L.iborer .

12, 1862,

8, 1865.

Musicians.

Calvin P. Gilson

Chesterfield

Stage-driver .

Aug.

22, 1862,

July

8, 1S65.

Henzel T. Swan 14 .

Winchester

Farmer .

22, 1862.

Wagoner.

Charles O. Colburn .

Winchester

Farmer .

Aug.

14, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Privates.

Allen, Moses '" .

Richmond .

Merchant

Aug.

20, 1862.

Andrews, Ethan A. 1 *

Milan .

Farmer .

13, 1862.

Ball, Charles A. 1 "

Winchester

Farmer .

15, 1862.

Ball, Charles W. W.

Winchester

Farmer .

15, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

1 Heserted Nov. 3, '63.
- Deserted Nov. 4, '63.
:l Tr. V.R C. Nov. 4, '64.
* Heserted Nov. 6, '63.

s Heserted.
e Table II.
i Table VIII.
s Table VI.

Tables II., III., VII.

VIII.
1 Tables III., V.
ii Tables III., VIII.

i 2 Tables II., VI.

is Tr. V.R.C. Oct. 10, '64.

Table VIII.
Table IV. is Table III.

ORIGINAL ROSTER.

391

Table I. Company F Continued.

Name.

Residence.

Occupation.

Date of

Enlistment.

Date of
Discharge.

Privates.

Bancroft, Clinton A. .

Chesterfield

Farmer .

Aug. 27,1862,

July

8, 1865.

Barden, Abncr S.

Richmond .

Farmer .

16, 1S62,

8, 1865.

Bent, Lauren E. 1

Winchester

Farmer .

13, 1862.

Blodgett, James H. 1 .

Northumberland,

Laborer .

27, 1862.

Bolton, James H. 2

Winchester

Farmer .

20, 1862,

June

22, 1865.

Britton, Frederick F. 2

Keene . .

Farmer .

Sept. 1, 1802,

July

5, 1865.

Brown, Boardwin 3 .

Keene .

Cook

1, 1862,

Jan.

30, 1S64.

Buffum, Jedediah, jun. 3 .

Winchester

Farmer .

Aug. 13, 1862,

May

16, 1865.

Buffum, Francis H. 4 .

Winchester

Student .

13, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Burk, John 5

Bow .

Farmer .

Sept. 15, 1862.

Casey, Thomas .

Lancaster .

Laborer .

Aug. 12, 1862,

8, 1S65.

Cannon, Patrick 6

Northumberland,

Laborer .

20, 1862.

Cohen, Isaac

Kensington

Cigar-maker .

Oct. 10,1862,

8, 1865.

Cummings, John

Northumberland,

Laborer .

Aug. 20, 1862,

8, 1865.

Cunimings, William J. 7 .

Northumberland,

Laborer .

11, 1862,

June

13, 1865.

Darling, Calvin G. .

Chesterfield

Farmer .

20, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Day, George A. 8

Hinsdale

Carpenter

Sept. 1,1862,

8, 1865.

Eaton, Loren, jun. . .

Winchester

Cooper

Aug. 12, 1S62,

8, 1865.

Elliot, William R. .

Dalton

Fanner .

Sept. 2, 1862.

Fair, Bradford C. .

Chesterfield

Miller .

Aug. 13, 1862,

Feb.

4, 1863.

Farr, Wesley ().i .

Chesterfield

Farmer .

18, 1862,

July

8. 1865.

Frost, Sumner F.

Milan .

Sailor

13, 1862,

Feb.

5, 1S63.

Hastings, Foster W. .

Chesterfield

Farmer .

23, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Hastings, Herbert It.

< 'hesterfield

Farmer .

25, 1862,

Aug.

12, 1S63.

Hayes, Frederick O. 1

Lancaster .

Mechanic

12, 1862.

Hayes, Patrick 3

Winchester

Laborer .

12, 1S62,

July

8, 1865.

Henry, Herbert W. 11

Chesterfield

Farmer .

21, 1862.

Hill, Taylor E. 2

Chesterfield

Farmer .

22, 1862,

8, 1865.

Holbrook, Charles II.

Swanzey .

Farmer .

14, 1862,

May

25, 1865.

Holbrook, George B. 12 .

Swanzey

Farmer .

Sept. 1, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Howard, Luther E. 3 .

Winchester

Farmer .

Aug. 19, 1862,

8, 1865.

Hutchins, Henry E. .

Winchester

Farmer .

14, 1S62,

Jan.

20, 1S63.

Hyde, Ira I).

Stark .

Farmer .

29, 1S62,

July

8, 1865.

Lambert, Perrin*

Milan .

Farmer .

29, 1862,

March 13, 1865.

Lampson, Bradford P. 11 .

Swanzey

Farmer .

15, 1862.

Lincoln, Lucien 0. .

Chesterfield

Farmer .

Sept. 1, 1862,

July

8, 1S65.

Lucas, Wesley J 3 .

Milan .

Farmer .

Aug. 15, 1862,

8, 1865.

McClenning, Ilenry J. 11 .

Chesterfield

Farmer .

19, 1862.

Moore, John 11.

Winchester

Carpenter

13, 1862,

June

9, 1865.

Morey, William A. 2 .

Winchester

Farmer .

12, 1862,

July

8, 1S65.

Murdock, Robert E. .

Winchester

Mechanic

13, 1862,

8, 1865.

Murdock, Verwill, 2d.* .

Winchester

Mechanic

14, 1862,

8, 1865.

Newell, Benjamin, jun. 13 .

Richmond .

Farmer .

16, 1862.

Nims, George II.

Winchester

Tinsmith

13, 1862,

8, 1865.

O'Neil, Thomas"

Northhampton .

Laborer .

14, 1862.

Perry, George F. 2

Winchester

Mechanic

23, 1862,

May

3, 1865.

Pheany, Andrew

Northumberland,

Laborer .

20, 1862,

July

8, 1S65.

Pratt, Charles 3 .

Winchester

Farmer .

12, 1862.

Reede, Charles P.

Winchester

Farmer .

13, 1862,

Feb.

7, 1863.

Koark, Francis .

Winchester

Mill operative,

13, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Scott, George D.

Chesterfield

Farmer .

19, 1S62,

8, 1865.

Scott, Walter A. 1

Richmond .

Farmer .

20, 1862.

Sharon, Lewis 3

Bow .

Laborer .

Sept. 16, 1S62.

Smith, Edward 0. 8 .

Winchester

Farmer .

Aug. 19, 1862,

8, 1865.

Snow, Henry H. .

Chesterfield

Farmer .

19, 1862,

May

26, 1863.

Stoddard, James S. M

Chesterfield

Farmer .

25, 1862.

Streeter, Marshall S. 1

Chesterfield

Farmer .

19, 1862.

Thayer, Henry F. 11 .

Winchester

Farmer .

12, 1862.

Thompson, Daniel H. 8

Winchester

Farmer .

15, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Ward, George P. 15 .

W r est Swanzey .

Wood-turner .

17, 1862,

8, 1S65.

Webber, James H.n

Milan .

Farmer .

13, 1862.

Welles, Sidney I.

Gorham

Farmer .

9, 1S62,

Sept.

25, 1863.

Wentworth, George A. 9 .

Milan .

Farmer .

13, 1S62.

Wheeler, Charles W. .

Keene .

Laborer .

Sept. 1, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

i Table V. 6

Deserted Oct. 1, 18

62. 9 Deserted Marc

h 12, '64. is Tables III., ]

[V.

2 Table VI.

Deserted Oct. 20, 1

862. 10 Tables II., ID

ii Tables II., III., Vin.

3 Table VIII. '

Tables VI., VIII.

ii Table IV.

is Tables II., VI.

4 Tables III., VI. 8

Table III.

i 2 Table H.

if Tr. C

j. C, Nov. 1, '62.

392

FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Table I. Company F Continued.

Name.

Residence.

in
<

Occupation.

Date of
Enlistment.

Date of
Discharge.

Privates.

Wilbur, Henry L. .

Winchester

Pail turner

Aug.

14, 1S62,

Sept.

4, 1863.

Wilson, Jesse 1 .

Stoddard

Farmer . .

1, 1862,

Oct.

20, 1863.

Wood. Henry A. 2

Winchester

Farmer .

12, 1862,

July

8, 1863.

Wright, L. Warren 3

Richmond . .

Laborer .

14, 1862,

8, 1865.

Total ... 91

Recruits.

Boyd, Jeremiah T. .

Seabrook .

Shoemaker

Jan.

9, 1864,

June

14, 1865.

Clark, Charles A.

Chester

Farmer .

2, 1S64,

April

10, 1865.

Conley, James Henry

Durham

Blacksmith

4, 1864,

July

8, 1865.

Converse, Julius C. .

Chesterfield

Farmer .

Dec.

29, 1S63,

8, 1865.

Colburn, Henry

Winchester

Farmer .

Sept.

2, 1S63,

1, 1S64.

Casey, John

Lempster .

Laborer .

Aug.

2, 1864,

8, 1865.

Clogley, John .

Meredith

Laborer .

2, 1864,

8, 1S65.

Davis, Frederick 4

Andover

Laborer .

Nov.

18, 1S63.

Davis, Murray 5 .

Chesterfield

Farmer .

Dec.

29, 1863,

18, 1865.

Elliott, Warren 6

Franklin .

Farmer .

Jan.

12, 1864.

Englebrick, John

Seabrook .

Sailor

Aug.

5, 1864,

8, 1865.

Parr, Chauncey S. 7 .

Chesterfield

Sawyer .

Dec.

29, 1863,

26, 1865.

Farr, Larkin D.

Chesterfield

Farmer .

29, 1863,

8, 1865.

Field, Marshall .

Pembroke .

Boat-packer .

July

29, 1864,

8, 1865.

Harris, Lorenzo, jun.

Richmond .

Laborer .

Aug.

2, 1864,

June

25, 1865.

Hickey, Patrick 8

Dublin

Laborer .

Sept.

26, 1S63.

Hared, John

Danbury .

Laborer .

Aug.

2, 1864,

July

8, 1865.

Hill, George

Lempster .

Laborer .

3, 1864,

8, 1865.

Johnson, Henry 9

Harrington .

( 'lerk

14, 1863.

Johnson, Robert 8

Rochester .

Sailor

14, 1863.

King, Peter

Bath .

Laborer .

2, 1S64,

8, 1865.

Letcher, Edward x

Lancaster .

Laborer

Sept.

24, 1863,

8, 1865.

Lewis, Sumner .

Rochester .

Farmer .

Dec.

28, 1864,

8, 1865.

Locke, John 8 . . .

Laborer .

Aug.

20, 1863.

Miller, Henry * .

Pembroke .

Sailor

Nov.

23, 1863.

Miller, William 9

East Kingston .

Painter .

11, 1863.

McKay, James .

Harrington .

Fisherman

Aug.

11, 1863,

Nov.

24, 1863.

Morse, James W. B

Rochester .

Laborer .

14, 1863,

June

9, 1S65.

McCauley, William 9

Milton

Sailor .

14, 1863.

Merrifield, Frank O. 6

Deerfield .

Shoemaker

12, 1863,

May

12, 1865.

Murray, John I0

Middleton .

Laborer .

14, 1863.

Murio, Francisco u .

Farmington

Sailor

14, 1863.

Moran, James 12

- -

Sailor

19, 1863.

Martin, James .

Seabrook .

Sailor

5, 1864,

July

8, 1865.

Norcross, George L. 13

Farmington

Mechanic

14, 1S63.

Rosier, William 10

Rochester .

Harnessmaker,

14, 1863.

Rourke, John .

Southhampton .

Laborer .

6, 1864,

8, 1S65.

Smith, Henry

Gilsura

Farmer .

5, 1864,

8, 1865.

Snell, David 7 .

Rindge

Farmer .

5, 1864.

Turtle, John B.b

Seabrook .

Machinist

Jan.

9, 1864,

10, 1S65.

Tiboux, Peter .

Gilsum

Laborer .

Aug.

5, 1864,

8, 1865.

Thayer, Edward /' .

Chesterfield

Brick-mason .

July

28, 1864,

8, 1865.

Wiliingford, Reuben C. .

Somersworth

Farmer .

Aug.

2, 1864,

May

31, 1865.

Total ... 43

Aggregate . 134

1 Table VIII. Table VI. 8 Deserted March 18, '64. Deserted Jan. 30, 1864.

2 Tables III., VIII. 6 Deserted March 12, '64. Deserted Nov. 4, 1863. 12 Deserted March 16, '64.

3 Tables II., III. ' Table VII. " Deserted Nov. 30, '63. 13 Deserted March, 1S64.
1 Deserted Dec. 31, 1863.

ORIGINAL ROSTER.

393

Table I. Continued.
COMPANY G.

Name.

Residence.

Occupation.

Pate of
Enlistment.

Date of

Discharge.

Solon A. Carter, Capt.^ .
O. Fred Webster, 1st Lt. 1 .
Spencer L. Bailey, 2d Z. 2

Sergeants.
Elavel L. Tolman, 1st* .
John W. Sturtevant 8
James W. Russell J .
Edward B. Howard l
Samuel L. Gerould 2

Corporals.
Maro J. Chamberlain 4
Charles O. Oragin 6 .
John A. Woodward 6
Charles D. Emery ' .
Calvin K. Day .
George Kehue .
James H. Hunt *
Asa W. Davis .

Musicians.
Thomas 8. Mower 2 .
Austin A. Spaulding 8

Privates.
Bahnn, John 9 .
Barrett, William A. 2
Bartenback, Christophe
Blodgett. Sylvester 2
Brown, James T.
Buckwold, Jacob
Burns, Patrick .
Carter, Charles A. 11 .
Casey, John 1IJ .
Cooper, Albert .
Cutter, Edwin R. .
Cutter, Edward E. .
Curtin, David ln .
Doolittle, John H. .
Doolittle, Joseph S. 18
Drake, William S. 2 .
Ellis, Lyman 2 .
Evans, Frank, jun. B .
Farwell, John T.
Frost, John 2
Gerry, Ira .
Green, James 8 .
Hardy, Banford S." .
Hatch, Herbert C.' .
Hazen, Edson S. 10
Hazen, George W. 1 " .
Houston, J. Augustine 2
Jerry, Amiell 8 .
Jillson, Almon L. 1 ? .
Kinson. John Q.
Law, Charles D.*
Learned, Lewis D." 1 .
Learned, Marion D. *
Leathers, John 5
Lettenmayer, Otto 2 .
Lewis, William H. 18 .
Lowe, George F. 5

Keene .
Jaffrey
Jaffrey

Rindge
Keene .
Keene .
Alstead

Stoddard

Dublin
Dublin
Surry .
Jaffrey
Keene .
Keene .
Stoddard
Keene .

Jaffrey
Jaffrey

Dublin

Keene .

Jaffrey

Keene .

Jaffrey

Keene.

Jaffrey

Keene.

Keene .

Jaffrey

Westmoreland

Winchester

Keene .

Dublin

Jaffrey

Stoddard

Dublin

Alstead

Dublin

Keene .

Dublin

Keene .

Stoddard

Jaffrey

Dublin

Jaffrey

Keene .

Jaffrey

1 Tables n., III.

2 Table II.

s Tables II., III., VI.

* Table III.

6 Tables III., VIII.

20
19
21
20
28
38
20
36

23
36

29
40
22
26
38
19
26
is
21
21
44
29
29
29
31
18
20
43
21
23
19
18
18
23
29
23
18
18
29
20
18
21
30
29
18

Gas superint'd.
Lawyer .
Merchant

Farmer .
Clerk
Clerk
Farmer .
Clergyman

Student .
Farmer .
Clerk
Merchant
Butcher .
Cigar-maker
Farmer .
Mechanic

Mechanic
Farmer .

Dyer

Brick-maker
Mechanic
Butcher .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Laborer .
Mechanic
Laborer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Pail-turner
Mechanic
Baker .
Mechanic
Farmer .
Mechanic
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Mechanic
Mechanic
Farmer .
Farmer .
Shoemaker
Farmer .
Farmer .
Laborer .
Confectioner
Painter .
Farmer .

9, 1862,
9, 1862,
9, 1862,

13, 1862,
31, 1862,
28, 1S62,
28, 1862,
11, 1862,

9, 1862,
11, 1S62,
27, 1862.
14, 1862.

27, 1862,
30, 1862,
13, 1862,

28, 1S62,

Aug. 13, 1862,
11, 1862,

Oct.

Aug.

Sept,
Aug.

Oct.

Aug.

Sept.
Aug.

12, 1862,
28, 1862,

11, 1862,

30, 1862,

12, 1862,
11, 1S62,

31, 1862,

11, 1862.
31, 1862,
30, 1862,

12, 1862,

12, 1862,
23, 1862,

13, 1862,

28, 1S62,

29, 1S62,
2, 1862,

30, 1S62.
21, 1862,
30, 1862,
15, 1862,
12, 1862,
12, 1862,
28, 1862,
11, 1862,
11, 1862.

27, 1862,

20, 1862,
25, 1862,

14, 1S62,
11, 1862,

28, 1862.
30, 1862,

21, 1862,
30, 1862,

29, 1862,
14, 1862,

July 25, 1864.

8, 1865.

Feb. 24, 1863.

July

May

July

Aug.
July

8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.
1, 1865.
8, 1865.

1, 1863.
8, 1S65.

8, 1865.
June 8, 1865.
July 8, 1865.

8, 1865.

July 8, 1865.
Juno 26, 1865.

July

Sept.
July
Jan.
July

Dec.

June
July
Nov.
May

July
June
July
May
July

Oct.
May
July

29, 1865.

8, 1865.

8, 1865.
16, 1863.

8, 1865.
21, 1865.

8, 1865.

8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.
31, 1864.

5, 1865.
27, 1865.
23, 1863.
26, 1865.

8, 1865.
12, 1865.

8, 1865.
16, 1865.
24, 1865.

8, 1865.

7, 1865.

8, 1865.
8, 1865.

6, 1S65.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.

8,1865.

8, 1S65.
15, 1863.
12, 1865.

8, 1S65.

e Table IV. "

' Tables TIL, IV. "

8 Table VI.

9 Tr.V.R.O. Jan. 10,'65.n
io Table VIII. 15

Table V.

Tr.V. R.C.Aug.10,'64.
Tables II., VI.
Tables VI.. VIII.
Tables II., VI.

Tables III., V.

" Tr. V. R. C. Aug. 6,

1864. Table II.
is Tables III., VIII.

394

FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Table I. Company G Continued.

Name.

Residence.

Occupation.

Date of
Enlistment.

Date of
Discharge.

Privates.
Martin, Alvin K.
Marvin, Edwin l
Merrifield. Charles B
Morey, Albert L. 3
Morse, Henry F.
Mower, Nahum W. 4
Murdough, Samuel C
Osborne, Henry E.
Parker, Lucius i;
Parker, William II. 7
Pettes, James E. 8
Pliillips, John x .
Pierce, Albert S. 9
Pollard, Ivers K. 10
Poole, Joel H. 2
Prescott, Oren D. u
Putnam, Edwin F. 12
Rand, Leonard 1
Reed, J. Langdon -
Rice, John C. 2 .
Richardson, George W. 8
Richardson, Herbert C. 2
Riley, Martin
Riley, Michael m
Robbins, Alfred J. 8 .
Robb, William P. 4 .
Rolfe, William II." .
Royleigh. Peter W. .
Ryan, John 14 .
Scott. James II. 4
tJhedd, Granville - .
Smith, Charles M. 1 .
Smith, Henry A. 1
Smith, Marcus Morton 4
Smith, Royal W. 10 .
Spaulding, Leonard E.
Stick, Frederick
Sumner, David 8
Turner, Henry A. 2 .
Webber, Conrad 15 .
AVellman, Israel P. .
Willard, Lucius S. 4
Total .

'J 7

Recruits.
Allen, Calvin, jun. 4
Burns, Thomas F.
Craig, Allen A. 8
Doolittle, William A
Greenwood, Leroy P
Hill, Horace J. 4 .
Hurd, Cyrus 8 .
Kelleher, Timothy 16
Lavoy, Henry E.
O'Brien, William D.
Poole, John W.
Riley, John 17 .
Shepherd. Frank B.
Smith, Charles L. 17
Smith, Samuel M. 2
Sullivan, J. Kerry 18
Sullivan, Patrick 19
Sumner, George 19

Jaffrey
Keene .
Jaffrey

Dublin

Jaffrey

Stoddard

Jaffrey

Nelson

Kerne .

Jaffrey

Dublin

Jaffrey

Keene .

Jaffrey

Stoddard

Jaffrey

Keene .

Jaffrey

Dublin

Jaffrey

Stoddard

Keene .

Stoddard

Jaffrey

Keene.

Jaffrey

Keene .

Jaffrey

Stoddard

Keene .

Keene .
Keene .
Keene.
Winchester
Peterborough
Keene .
Keene .
Keene .
Keene .
Keene .
Jaffrey
Sullivan
Winchester
( 'harlestown
Keene .
Keene .
Somersworth
Dublin

IS
21
19
28
25
34
26
32
36
18
27
29
17
19
20
19
31
18
19
23
41
17
23
31
25
25
20
38
25
39
27
21
21
22
26
22
30
44
21
44
31
19

Farmer .
Mechanic
Painter .
Mechanic
Painter .
Farmer .
Laborer .
Farmer .
Laborer .
Brakeman
Mechanic
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Shoemaker
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Laborer .
Laborer .
Farmer .
Mechanic
Mechanic
Laborer .
Cooper .
Butcher .
Butcher .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Mechanic
Mechanic
Farmer .
Cooper .
Farmer .
Butcher .
Laborer .
Farmer .
Clerk

Farmer .
Laborer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Laborer .
Meehanic
Blacksmith
Laborer .
Laborer .
Laborer .
Farmer .
( 'oppersmith
Carriage-maker
Sailor
Lawyer .
Laborer .
Laborer .
Painter .

Aug. 12,
Sept. 3,
Aug. 12,
9,
13,
13,
12,
11,
30,
Sept. 4,
Aug. 22,
11,
11.
20,
11,
13,
28,
H,
13,
12,
12,
28,
31,
31,
13,
14,
14,
11.
12,
11,
13,
30,
30,
29,
29,
11,
11,
30,
18,
11,
13,
28,

Dec.

Sept.

Dec.

Sept.
Dec.
Aug.
Dec.

Aug.
Sept.

1S62,
1862.
1S62,
1862,
1862,
1S62,
1862.
1862,
1862.
1862,
1862,
1862.
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1S62.
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1S62,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862.
1862.
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1862,
1S62.
1862,
1S62,

July 8, 1865.

April 10
July 8

May 13

April 23
June 2

July 8
May 12
July 8
8
June 30

July 8

June

July

April

Oct.

July

June

July

June 5

July 8

June 28

1865.
1S65.
1865.
1865.

1863.

1865.
1863.

1865.
1865.
1S65.
1865.
1865.

1865.
1865.

1 M'.:..
1865.
is.;:,.

1S65.
1865.

1863.
1865.
1865.
1S65.
1865.
1865.

1865.
1865.
1865.
1S65.
1863.
1865.

1865.
1865.

1863,

26,

1S63,

1863,

12,

1863,

12,

1863,

1S63,

17,

1863,

24,

1863.

24.

1863,

20,

1S63.

18,

1863,

14,

1863.

25,

1863.

July

June
July

Sept.
July

8, 1865.

8, 1865.
27, 1865.

8, 1865.

8, 1865.
20, 1864.

8, 1865.

8, 1S65.

8, 1865.

March 16, 1864.
Aug. 19, 1865.

i Table IV. "- Table III.
3 Tables II., VI.
i Table II.

e Tr. V.R.C. Sept. 30, '64,
Table II.

Table

Tr. V.R C.

July

64.

Table

vii:

Tables II.,

in.,

Table

VI.

Tables III., VIII. 16 Tables VI., VII.

Tr. V.R.C. Jan. 1, '65. 17 Deserted Feb. 25, '64.
Tr.V.R.C. Sept. 30, '64. 18 Tables III., VII.
Tables II., VIII. " Deserted Nov. 4, '63.

Tables IV., VII.

ORIGINAL ROSTER.
Table I. Company G Continued.

895

Name.

Residence.

Occupation.

Date of

Enlistment.

Date of
Discharge.

Recruits.
Von Camp. Nathan 1 .
Williams, John '
Wright, Daniel 2
Total .

Aggregate

21
~11S

Barrington .
Somersworth
Keene .

24
25
33

Carpenter
Sailor
Farmer .

Aug. 14, 1863.

14, 1S63.

Dec. 26, 1863,

July 8, 1865.

COMPANY H.

William E Bunten, Capt.
Albert II. Sawyer, Ut Lt.
Walter II. Sargent, 2d Lt?

Sergeants.
David A. Maeurdy, 1st. 3
Marcus M. Holmes 3 .
George P. Blanchard 4
Joseph O. Muncey
Timothy E. Bayley .

Corporals.
John A. Preston 5
John S. Wattles"
Hamilton P. Courser 7 '
Albeit A. Baker' .
Nathan P. Gilmore .
Charles F. Heath a .
Daniel P. Kilburn 10 .
Arthur F. Goodrich 5

Musician.
Cyrus Sanborn u .

Frivates.
Bailey, Amos C. 12
Baker, William II. 5 .
Barnard. George M. 12
Barnes, Edward W. .
Barrett, Joel "' .
Blanchard, Henry H.
Bradbury, Samuel G.
Brown, Frederick T.
Bunten, George H.. 18
Buzzell, William
Call, George B .
Call, Ohellis E. .
Chamberlain, Alonzo P. 3 ,
Colby, Daniel A.
Colby, George O.
Corser, David S.
Dollotf, Levi i* .
Downing, Daniel 6
Eaton, Moses K. 5
Edmunds, Charles II. 5
Emerson, John B.* .
Frazier, Lewis .
Gale, Augustus L. .
Gale, Solomon G."> .
George, Sullivan II. .
Haines, James H.
Haines, Thomas
Harrington, David 8 . . .
Hobbs, Fernando 5 .

Dunbarton

Weare

Webster

Wehster
Dunbarton .
Hopkinton .
Chichester ,
Plymouth ,

Plymouth

Hooksett

Webster

Concord

Goshen

Bow .

Wehster

Hopkinton

Chichester

Dunbarton

Concord

Hopkinton

Concord

Plymouth

Hopkinton

Chichester

Bow .

Chichester

Webster

Chichester

Dunbarton

Francestown

Hopkinton

Webster

Waterville

Hopkinton

Dunbarton

Chichester

Dunbarton

Weare

Pembroke

Goshen

Chichester

Hopkinton

Warren

32
IS
21
21
33

18
18
43
31
19
44
37
22
38
21
31
25
19
18
14
26
36
18
24
18
44
22
28
27
22
22
111
20

Student
Soldier
Farmer

Trader

Student
Student
Farmer
Farmer

Carpenter

Mill operative

Shoemaker

Student

Farmer

Carpenter

Farmer

Painter

Farmer

Currier

Farmer

Shoemaker

Ilarnessmaker

Farmer

Oct.

Sept.

Oct.

Aug.

Aug.
Sept.
Aug.

Aug.

Sept.
Aug.

1862,

1S62,

1862,

21,

1862,

11,

1S62.

1862.

14,

1862,

1N62.

25,

1862,

19,

1862,

15,

1862.

18,

1S62.

21,

1S62,

21,

1S62,

1862.

2, 1862,
15, 1862.
22, 1862,
30, 1S62,
11, 1862,

1, 1862,
19, 1862,

8, 1862.
15, 1S62,

21, 1862,

15, 1862,
18, 1862,

14, 1862,

11, 1S62,
27, 1S62.

16, 1S62.
30, 1862.
16, 1862,

22, 1862,

15, 1862,
15, 1862.
18, 1862,

12, 1862,
29, 1862,
27, 1862.
25, 1862.

Get. 2, 1863.
Sept. 25, 1863.
Jan. 15, 1865.

July

8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1st;.-).
8, 1865.
8, 1865.

July 8, 1865.

IS, 1865.
8, 1865.

Dec. 24, 1S64.

May 3, 1S65.

July
May

8, 1S65.

9, 1863.

July 8, 1S65.
Oct. 18, 1863.
May Hi, 1863.
July S, 1865.
S, 1865.

June 10, 1863.
May 30, 1865.

16, 1864.

21, 1865.

26, 1865.
8, 1865.

Dec.
June

July
July

8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.

May 12, 1S64.
June in, 1863.
July 8, 1865.

1 Des. Nov. 4, 1S63.

2 Table IT.

3 Tables II., III., VI.
Tables II., HI.

5 Table IV.
o Des. Jan. 11, 1863.
i Tables VI., VIII.
Table HI., V.

Table III.
i" Tables III., IV.
ii Tr. to V. R. C. Sept.
30, 1864. Table VIII.

i 2 Tables III., VI.
i' Table VIII.
i< Table VI.

396

FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Table I. Company II Continued.

Name.

Residence.

in
<

Occupation.

Date of
Enlistment.

Date of
Discbarge.

Privates.

ITurd, Ira, jun. .

Sunapee

Farmer .

Aug.

20, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Jeffers, Edward F.

Webster

Farmer .

11, 1862,

May

15, 1865.

Kane, James 1 .

Walpole

Sailor

Oct.

8, 1862.

Kelley, Richard *

Walpole

Sailor

8, 1862,

Ladd, George VV.

Webster

Farmer .

Aug.

14, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Lear, Edwin B. .

Sunapee

Butcher .

18, 1862,

8, 1865.

Lear, George B.

Goshen

Blacksmith

18, 1862,

8, 1865.

Libbey, George A. 2

Webster

Shoemaker

16, 1862,

8, 1865.

Libbey, William H.

Concord

Farmer .

12, 1862,

8, 1865.

Lougee, Abner H.

Camp ton

Mechanic

9, 1862,

Sept.

26, 1863.

Macurdy, Matthew 3

Webster

Farmer .

11, 1862.

Merrill, Artemas W. !

Plymouth

Farmer .

15, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Merrill, Luther G. 4

Groton

Farmer .

18, 1862.

Mitchell, Lewis 5

Plymouth

Farmer .

12, 1862.

Moody, William H.

Concord

Farmer .

30, 1862,

Sept.

24, 1863.

Morse, John I). 6

Campton

Blacksmith

14, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Moulton, Freeman 2

Campton

Blacksmith

14, 1862,

June

17, 1865.

Nichols, Hiram 7

Hopkinton

Farmer .

29, 1862.

Parker, William P. 8

Bow .

Farmer .

22, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Paro, Peter

Canterbury

Shoemaker

27, 1S62,

8, 1865.

Perry, Joseph C. 7

Chichester

Farmer .

27, 1862.

Perry, Samuel M.

Chichester

Farmer .

11, 1862,

8, 1865.

Perkins, Joseph O.

Chichester

Farmer .

11, 1862,

Dec.

28, 1864.

Poor, Wilson E. 8

I'unbarton

Farmer .

14..1862,

July

8, 1865.

Koby, Gardner 7

Webster

Farmer .

14, 1862.

Koby, George 8.

Webster

Farmer .

14, 1862,

8, 1865.

Russell, David 0.

Bow .

Farmer .

Sept.

1, 1862,

8, 1865.

Saltmarsh, AlonzoP

Bow .

Farmer .

Aug.

20, 1862,

8, 1865.

Sanborn, Henry M. 8

Chichester

Farmer .

11,1862,

8, 1865.

Smith, Laroy 7 .

Concord

Farmer .

30, 1S62.

Stanyan, James .

Chichester

Farmer .

11,1862,

8, 1865.

Straw, Edgar II. 7

Unity .

Farmer .

28, 1S62.

Thompson, Hiram n

Webster

Farmer .

9, 1862.

Towle, Charles II. 11

Chichester

Farmer .

30, 1S62.

Tucker, George W. 3

Concord

Farmer .

28, 1862.

Varney, John S. 2

Warren

Shoemaker

14, 1862,

8, 1865.

Varney, Richard 4

Warren

Shoemaker

14, 1862.

Ward, James O. 12

Campton

Farmer .

14, 1862,

8, 1865.

Wheeler, Robert E. 8

Dunbarton

Farmer .

4, 1862,

8, 1865.

Wilson, Leonard 8

Dunbarton

Shoemaker

13, 1862,

8, 1865.

Total .

Recruits.

Alexander, Benjamin D. .

Plainfield .

Laborer .

Aug.

29, 1864,

July

8, 1865.

Axman, John ,3 .

- -

Sailor

20, 1863.

Barrus, Otis A. 4

Richmond .

Mechanic

2, 1864.

Barrett, John L. 4

Plainfield .

Laborer .

22, 1864.

Bell, Robert, 14 .

New London

Farmer .

March 1

Aug.

15, 1865.

Brown, Elbridge C.

I hinbarton .

Farmer .

Aug.

22, 1864,

July

8, 1865.

Brown, ( Ibarles 15

North wood

Farmer .

Dec.

30, 1863.

Brown, Joseph 14

Farmington

Druggist's cl'k,

Aug.

14, 1863.

Burgess, Henry ' 3

_ -

Sailor

20, 1863.

Carroll, James lc

_ _

Painter .

20, 1863.

Cashman, John .

Danbury .

Laborer .

5, 1864,

March V

Clode, Moliner 17

- -

Cook .

20, 1863.

Cochran, George S.

Sandown .

Farmer .

Jan.

4, 1S64,

July

8, 1865.

Collins, Thomas 1 "

Tailor

Aug.

20, 1863.

Clement, Charles N. 2

Sunapee

Farmer .

6, 1864.

May

18. 1865.

Frothlngham, George N. .

- -

Shoemaker

20, 1863,

July

8, 1865.

Garland, Alonzo E. .

Middleton .

Farmer .

Jan .

4, 1864,

April

27, 1864.

Hastings, Lyman B. 2

Newport .

Farmer .

Aug.

10, 1864.

Hood, Osborne ls

- -

Sailor

20, 1863.

Hyer, Christian F. 18

North wood

Sailor

Dec.

28, 1863.

1 Deserted Oct. 8, 1862.

2 Table VI.

s Tables III., V.
4 Table V.
6 Table VII.

5 Tables III., VI.

7 Table IV.

8 Table III.
"Table VIII.

Tables 111., VIII.

11 Tr.V.RC. Aug. 10, '64. lfi Deserted Nov. 4, 1863.

12 Tables II., VI., VII. 17 Deserted June 2, 1864.
is Deserted March 17, '64. ls Deserted June 30, 1864.
14 Table II. " Deserted Jan. 23, 1864.
16 Deserted March 12, '64.

ORIGINAL ROSTER.

397

Table I. Company H Continued.

Name.

Residence.

Occupation.

Date of
Enlistment.

Date of
Discharge.

Recruits.

Kennet, John 1 .

Wolfborough .

Laborer .

Oct.

28,

18(53.

Keough, Lawrence .

Lee

Marble pol'r .

Aug.

14,

1863,

July 1, 1865.

Keegan, John 2 .

Rochester .

Baker

12,

1863.

Lapoint, Francis

Dublin

Laborer .

Sept.

26,

1863,

8, 1865.

McCalley, John 3

Nottingham

Sailor

Aug.

24,

1S63.

Mangan, Dennis 2

Keene .

Karmer .

July

28,

1S64,

8, 1865.

Marstin, George W. .

Marlow

Farmer .

Aug.

15,

1864,

8, 1865.

Moalton, Freeman L.

Campton

Farmer .

Sept.

13,

1864,

8, I860.

Norwood, John E. 4 .

Richmond .

Farmer .

Jan.

1864,

8, 1865.

Feters, Feter

Sailor

Aug.

20,

1863,

8, 1865.

Fierce, Edward E. 2 .

Langdon

Laborer .

1864,

8, 1S65.

Simonns, William s .

Northwood

Farmer .

Dec.

2s!

1863.

Scribins, Thomas L.

Marlow

Laborer .

July

30,

1864,

8, 1865.

Bhehan, William 3 .

- -

Sailor

Aug.

20,

1863.

Smith, Simeon C.

Newport .

Jeweller .

10,

1864,

8, 1865.

Waters, Silas 5 .

Milton

Boatman .

14,

1S63.

"Watson, Charles 3

- _

Sailor

20,

1863.

Welch, Morris 6

Rochester .

Laborer .

14,

1863.

Weiss, Joseph B

New Durham

Laborer .

14,

1863.

Whitefield, George 7

Barrington .

Sailor

14,

1863.

Wilder, Isaac 3 .

New Durham

Sailor

14,

1863.

Williams, John E. .

Hampton Falls .

Shoemaker

22,

1864,

8, 1865.

Williams, Simeon - .

- -

Farmer .

20,

1863,

8, 1S65.

Winn, John

Claremont .

Laborer .

24,

1864,

8, 1865.

Total ... 44

Aggregate . 130

COMPANY I.

Sylvester M.Bugbee, Cnpt.

Cornish

Carriage-maker

Aug.

2, 1862,

Dec.

17, 1802.

Wm. H. Chaffin, Gaptfi .

Claremont .

Student .

Jan.

11, 1S63.

Nath'l L. Chandler, Ut Ltfl

Newbury .

Merchant

Aug.

12, 1862.

Dudley J. Fillsbu y,2dLtJ

Grantham .

Farmer .

18, 1862.

Sergeants.

Asa W. Richardson, 1st 11 .

Cornish

Carriage mfr.,

Aug.

21, 1862,

July

27, 1865.

Henry S. Faul >

Claremont .

Clerk

14, 1862.

Ransom Huntoon 4 .

Unity .

Farmer .

12, 1862,

26, 1S65.

Thomas J. Morrill u

Grantham .

Farmer .

20, 1862,

8, 1865.

William W. Fage .

Newport

Rake manuf. .

Sept.

11, 1862.

Corporate.

Benjamin F. Fierce 12

Bradford .

Engineer.

Aug.

22, 1862,

June

2, 1865.

Horace F. Brown 13 .

Grantham .

Farmer .

21, 1862.

Ezekiel H. Hadley .

Washington

Blacksmith

19, 1S62,

Aug.

7, 1865.

Peter Crowell .

Newport

Farmer .

23, 1862,

June

23, 1865.

Hiram K. Darling u .

Croydon

Mechanic

30, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Daniel C. Currier

Grantham .

Farmer .

20, 1862,

8, 1865.

Sylvester Tasker IS .

Cornish

Farmer .

20, 1862.

George S. Jones u .

Washington

No occupation,

21, 1862,

8, 1865.

Musicians.

Levi Leet 14

Claremont .

Laborer .

Aug.

13, 1862,

June

23, 1S63.

Eben W. Parker 15 .

Whitefield .

Farmer .

22, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Wagoner.

Jason A. Perkins

Newbury .

Blacksmith

Sept.

17, 1862,

June

8, 1865.

1 Deserted March 12, '64.

2 Table VL

Deserted March 17, '64.
Tables II., VI.

Table V.

Deserted Nov. 3,

? Table IV.

s Tables III., IV.

Tables III., VIII.
63. 10 Tables III., V.

11 Table III.

12 Tables III., VI.

l. Tables II. , V.
14 Table VIII.
" Table II.

398

FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Table I. Company I Continued.

Name.

Residence.

0)
SB

Occupation.

Date of
Enlistment.

Date of
Discharge.

Privates.

Alibott, Willis S.i .

Unity .

Farmer .

Sept. 30, 1862,

May

3, 1865.

Bailey, Cyrus 8.

Bradford .

1(5

Farmer .

22, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Barker, Frederick L. 2

Claremont .

Farmer .

25, 1862,

8, 1865.

Barton, Ziba 0. 2

Newport

Operative

Aug. 30, 1862,

8, 1865.

Ben way, Reuben T. 3

Cornish

Farmer .

20, 1S62.

Bowler, John

Claremont .

Operative

29, 1S62,

9, 1S63.

Bowker, Charles S. 4 .

Washington

Laborer .

Sept. 15, 1862,

8, 1865.

Borden, Albert 5

Newport

Mechanic

Aug. 25, 1862.

Borden, Edgar 8

Newport

Mechanic

27, 1S62,

8, 1865.

Burr, Versal E. 8

Cornish

Farmer .

Sept. 21, 1862.

Cammett, Charles 0.

Unity .

Blacksmith

2ft, 1862.

8, 1865.

Chapman, James II. 1

Cornish

Fanner .

Aug. 26, 1862,

8, 1865.

Clougb, Francis S. 3 .

Grantham .

Farmer .

18, 1862.

dough, Newton 7

Grantham .

Farmer .

18, 1862,

May

22, 1865.

Colhum, Walter F. .

Newbury .

Stone-mason .

Sept. 23, 1862,

31, 1S65.

Collins, Edward W. 8

Cornish

Shoemaker

Aug. 22, 1862,

Oct.

5, 1863.

Cram, George F.

Newport

Farmer .

30, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Crowell, Jonathan 3 .

Newport

Farmer .

28, 1S62.

Cumings, Charles B. 8

Cornish

Farmer .

22, 1862,

8, 1865.

Currier, Henry H. 3 .

Newport

Farmer .

23, 1862.

Dickey, Joseph A. 8 .

Claremont .

Farmer .

Sept. 10, 1862,

8, 1865.

Dodge, Simeon S. 1 .

Newbury .

Carpenter

Aug. 12, 1862,

May

18, 1865.

Dudley, Wintbrop C.

X e wbury .

Farmer .

Sept. 23, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Edminster, Thomas B. 3 .

Cornish

Farmer .

Aug. 21, 1862.

Fitch, Luther J.

Newport

Blacksmith

27, 1862,

17, 1865.

Foster, Charles E. l .

Acworth

Merchant

Sept. 10, 1862,

June

26, 1865.

Gault, John S. .

Grantham .

Farmer .

Aug. 21, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Gillingham, Oliver P.

Claremont .

Farmer .

27, 1862,

Feb.

5, 1863.

Hardy, William 8

Goshen

Mechanic

Sept. 15, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Haven, Abiel L.

Newport

Mechanic

Aug. 25, 1S62,

June

18, 1S65.

Hibbard, John B. .

Cornish

Farmer .

23, 1862,

May

29, 1S63.

Hoban, Patrick .

Claremont .

Paper-maker .

25, 1862,

June

8, 1865.

Howard, Waldo L.i .

Cornish

( 'arriage-maker

21, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Howard, Wilbur F. 12

Cornish

Farmer .

21, 1862,

Jau.

0, 1865.

Howe, Calvin L. 13

Washington

Laborer .

Sept. 13, 1862.

Hovt, Christopher 3 .

Washington

Farmer .

Aug. 22, 1862.

Hunter, Harlan P. .

Cornish

Farmer .

25, 1862,

March '.

Hurley, Martin V. B.

Claremont .

Wheelwright .

25, 1862,

June

15, 1865.

Knights, Alonzo 1 * .

Cornish

Farmer .

21, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Lane, Marcus M\ 15

Cornish

Farmer .

22, 1862,

June

2, 1865.

Leavitt, Charles II. 3 .

Grantham .

Farmer .

22, 1862.

Lewis, William S. 3 .

Cornish

Painter .

23, 1862.

Maee, Henry C. 8

Meriden

Farmer .

23, 1S62,

July

8, 1865.

McMahan, John

Lancaster .

Laborer .

Sept. 15, 1862,

8, 1865.

McMahan, Michael .

Charlestowu

Laborer .

Aug. 15, 1862,

May

18, 1865.

Marshall, Eugene O. 3

Bradford .

Farmer .

18, 1862.

Miller, Jonathan, jun. 1

Meriden

Farmer .

14, 1S62,

July

8, 1S65.

Miller, Wareham M. 3

Grantham .

Farmer .

25, 1862.

Page, John M. 18

Newport

Mechanic

Sept. 4, 1S62,

8, 1865.

Peck, Philander II. 3 .

Newport

Farmer .

Aug. 28, 1862.

Pike, Clarence F.

Newport

Farmer .

23, 1862,

Feb.

29, 1864.

Powers, Elias F. 3

Croydon

Farmer .

18, 1862.

Bobbins, David Z. .

Newport

Operative

Sept. 27, 1862,

March

27, 1863.

Saunders, Lyman P.

Grantham .

Blacksmith

Aug. 21, 1S62,

July

8, 1865.

Short, John N". .

Plainfield .

Farmer .

24, 1862,

Feb.

28, 1863.

Stockwell, Charles H.

Newport

Farmer .

30, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Stoddard, Hezekiah 18

Stewartstown

Farmer .

14, 1862,

June

25, 1865.

Stone, Ili ram '' .

Cornish

Farmer .

22, 1862.

Stowell, Freeman S. 1

Washington

Farmer .

13, 1S62,

July

8, 1865.

Stowell, George II. 8 .

Claremont .

Miller

22, 1862,

8, 1865.

Tasker, George 18

Croydon

Farmer .

20, 1862,

June

8, 1S65.

Wallace, William 8 .

Newport

Mechanic

30, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Welch, William '2 .

Lempster .

Lumberman .

21, 1S62,

8, 1865.

5 Table TI. '

Table III.

u Tr. V.R.C. Aus

-.10, '64. Tables III.,

VII.

2 Table VI.

Tables II., III.

i 2 Tables 11., VL

i Tr. V. R. C.

Nov. 12,

3 Table IV. 9

Tables II., VIII.

1 3 Des. Oct. 16, If

562. 1863. Table II.

Table VIII. io

Tr. V.R.C. Feb. 1,

'65. 1 4 Tables II., VII

is Table VII.

b Table V. 8 Table VIII.

Tables II., HI.

-' Tables III., VJ

ORIGINAL ROSTER.
Table I. Company I Continued.

399

Name.

Residence.

Occupation.

Date of
Enlistment.

Pate of
Discharge.

Privates.
Whitaker, Benjamin 1
Woodbury, Albert .
Woodward, Charles 2

Total . 86

Recruits.
Ashey, John
Ashey, Lewis .
Belanger, Alphonzo 3
Brown, Charles 4
Brown, George .
Butler, Joseph B
Brown, Thomas
Brohn, Carl
Choate, Thomas 4
Dow, Newell F. 4
Elson, Alfred .
Foss, Walter H.
Cove, Charles R.
Hall, Levi D.,jun. 2 .
Jones, Henry 7 .
Martin, Ceorsre 8
Mehier, Peter 9 .
Miller, Theodore
Mullen, Husrh 1 "
Murphy, John 3 .
Osgood, William T. 11
Oliver. Mitchell 12 .
O'Brien, Cornelius .
Peasley, George W. 10
Peters, (Jeorge i3
Pream, Lewis 14
Rider, Thomas 15
Roch, John 15
Rosealine, Devine 1R .
Sanborn, William H.*
Shellan, Morris 3
Stanley, Clarence 17 .
Stanley, George
Smith, Arthur T. 2 .
Smith, Peter
Sliter, Charles 13
Taylor, John 15 .
Watson, William H. H. 4
Wilson, Otto 4 .

Total ... 39

Aggregate . 12

Grantham

Bradford
Cornish

Charlestown
Charlestown
Piermont .
Seabrook .
Seabrook .
Charlestown

Langdon
Bradford
Seabrook

Hanover

Seabrook

Olaremont

Nelson

Somerswor

< Ihichester

Cornish

Portsmouth

Holderness

Seabrook .

Charlestown

Newmarket

Washington

Portsmouth

Farmington

Seabrook .
Newmarket

Middleton .

Somersworth

Portsmouth
Middleton .
Effingham .

30
16
21
25
28
32
21
27
24
36
25
22
20
30
21
20
22
21
22
19
23
20
21

Farmer
Farmer
Farmer

Farmer .
Farmer .

Sailor
Farmer .
Laborer .

Sailor
Laborer .
Farmer .
Shoemaker
Waiter .
Farmer .
Shoemaker
Farmer .
Seaman .
Engineer .
Farmer .

Moulder .
Laborer .
Farmer .
Farmer .

Teamster
Shoemaker
Seaman .
Sailor
Clerk

Ironworker
Tailor
Farmer .
Laborer .

Carriage-maker

Sailor

Seaman .

Carpenter

Shoemaker

Sailor

Aug. 19,1862,
22, 1862,
28, 1S62,

Jan. 5,
5,
Sept. 29,
Dec. 28,
30,
Jan. 5,
Aug. 20,
2,
March 14,
Dec. 30,
Aug. 20,
Jan. 4,
Dec. 30,
Jan. 4,
Sept. 21,
Aug. 14,
Dec. 29,
Sept. 4,
Aug.

5,
30,
29,

5.
16,
29,
20,
20,
14,
21,
30,

14,

20,

Dec. 29,

Dec.

Aug.
Dec.

Aug.

Dec.
Aug.

Aug
Jan .

14,
4,

Aug. 20,

1S64,

1864,

1863.

1863,

1S64.

1863,

1S64.

1864.

1863.

1S64,

1863,

1864,

1863.

1863,

1864,

1S64.

1S63,

1864,

1863,

1S63.

1863.

1863

1863.

1864.

1864,

1S63.

1863,

1863.

1804.

1863.

July

8, 1S65.
8, 1S65.
8, 1865.

July 8, 1865.
8, 1865.

8, 1865.
8, 1865.

Feb. 24, 1865.

July 8, 1865.

8, 1865.

June

July

8, 1865.
8, 1S65.

June 27, 1865.

May 29, 1S65.

July 6, 1S65.

8, 1865.

June 6, 1S65.

July 8, 1865.

8, 1865.

COMPANY K.

Oliver 11. Marston, Capt. 18

Sandwich .

Jason I). Snell, 1st Lt* ,

Pembroke .

M. S. Webster, 23 Lt. .

Sandwich .

Sergeants.

James H. Uilman, ls, 12 .

Sandwich .

Octavius 0. Mason 18

Sandwich .

James M. Parrott

Sandwich .

Benjamin C. Skinner 20

Sandwich .

John M. Prentiss

Pembroke .

Pail manuf'r. .
Machinist

Farmer .
Furniture deal
Farmer .
Tailor
Trader .

Aug. 14, 1862,
14, 1862.
14, 1S62.

Aug.

14, 1862,

16, 1S62,

15, 1862,
13, 1862,

July 8, 1865.

July

May

8, 1865.

8, 1S65.

8, 1865.

16, 1S65.

1 Tables II., III., VI. 6 Absent sick July 8, '65 12 Table VI. " Absent in arrest for de-

- Table II. 7 Deserted Dec. 25, 1863. 13 Deserted Jan. 29, 1864. eertion July 8, 1865.

3 Absent sick July 8, '65. 8 Deserted Nov. 5, 1S63. " Deserted Nov. 13, 1863. Table VI. '

Table VI. Tables IV., VII. Deserted Nov. 2, 1863. Tables IH., VI.

J- al,le Iv. io Tabic III. ic Deserted Nov. 6, 1863. Tables III., V.

^ Deserted March 14, '64. " Tables VII., VIII. 20 Table VIII.

400

FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Table I. Company K Continued.

Name.

Residence.

Occupation.

Date of

Enlistment.

Date of
Discharge.

Corporals.
Oceanus Straw '
Jeremiah S. Smith 2
Russell Graves .
Lemuel F. Vittum '
George N. French 4
Enoch S. Eastman
Daniel It. Gilman
Samuel F. Beede 5

Musicians.
J. Marcellus Smith 4 .
John L. Smith .

Wagoner.
Benjamin F. Sawtclle G

Privates.
Adams, Thomas S. G .
Atwood, Harrison, 2d l
Atwood, John .
Baker, Benjamin
Baker, Hazen O. 1
Bennett, Amos \V.
Bennett, William H. H. 3
Bigelow, John C 7
Blake, Henry F.s
Blood, Herman .
Brown, Warren J. 3
Bryant, Silas J. 8
Chase, James E.
Cofran, Charles N. 8
Cofran, George B. 1
Cook, Jesse H. .
Dale, Ebenezer H. 1
Dolby, Albert T.
Drew, Simon J .
Druker, Henry 10
D.ustin, Ezekiel E.
Estes, Ben'iamin 9
Estes, William H.
Fellows, Benjamin F
Fife, Thomas H. 11
Fowler, Trueworthy
Fry, John .
Glidden, George M. 1;
Glidden, Warren A.
Goss, John W. .
Gove, John M. 3 .
Haddock, George 9
Hadley, Alonzo C. 12
Haggett, Benjamin B
Haggett, Lorenzo D
Haggett, Stephen N.
Hill, John D. H.
Huntress, Andrew
Huntress, Joseph L.
Kelley, Ellery C. 9
Kent, John
Magoon, Asa - .
Mooney, Isaac G.
Morse, John H. .
Moulton. Henry H.
Nelson, John W-
Page, Henry P. 14
Pearl, James W. 3

Sandwich

Tarn worth

Sandwich

Sandwich
Sandwich

Sandwich

Moultonhorough,

Sandwich

Pembroke

Sandwich

Pembroke

Sandwich

Pembroke

Sandwich

Pembroke

Sandwich

Pembroke

Sandwich

Pembroke

Sandwich

Pembroke

Sandwich

Pembroke

Sandwich

Pembroke .

Centre Harbor

Sandwich .

is
26
35
28
37
28
21
18
18
18
21
35
19
23
26
34
23
41
18
44
35
42

28
23
19
22
18
19
31
18
39
23
23
19
21
26
27
35
18
40
36
44
23
19

Farmer .
Shoemaker
Farmer .
Farmer .
Farmer .
Wheelwright
Farmer .
Student .

Shoemaker
Blacksmith

Teamster

Farmer

Joiner

Shoemaker

Farmer

Boatman ,

Farmer

Student

Farmer

Aug. 14, 1862.
14, 1K62,
14, 1862,

14, 1862,
22, 1862,
14, 1862,
14, 1862,
6, 1862,

Aug. 14, 1S62,
14, 1S62,

Aug. 15, 1862.

Aug. 13, 1862.
14, 1862.
14, 1862,
14, 1862,

13, 1862.

14, 1862,
14, 1862,
14, 1862,

13, 1862.
22, 1862,

21. 1S62,

14, 1862.

14, 1862,
13, 1862,

13, 1862.

15, 1862,
15, 1862.
15, 1862,

14, 1S62.

22, 1862.

15, 1862,

14, 1S62,

15, 1862,

14, 1862,
13, 1862.

13, 1862,

15, 1862,
15, 1862.
15, 1862,

14, 1862,
14, 1862,

13, 1862,

14, 1862.
14, 1862,
14, 1862.
22, 1862,

14, 1862,

15, 1862,
15, 1862.
14, 1862,

18, 1862,

14, 1862,

15, 1862,
15, 1862,

19, 1862,
22, 1S62,
22, 1862,
18, 1862,

June
April

July
June
Sept.
July
May

July

2, 1865.

6, 1863.

8, 1865.
30, 1865.

7, 1863.

8, 1865.
24, 1865.

9, 1865.
8, 1865.

July 8, 1865.
8, 1865.

Feb. 14, 1863.

8, 1S65.
15, 1S65.

8, 1865.
May 23, 1865.

July 8, 1865.
8, 1S65.

May 3, 1865.

June 12, 1865.

July

Oct.
July

8, 1865.

8, I860.

22, 1S63.

8, 1865.

8, 1S65.
2, 1863.

8, 1865.
8, 1865.
8, 1865.
May 23, 1865.

Feb.
June
July

20, 1865.

9, 1S63.
5, 1865.
8, 1865.

Oct. 7, 1863.

July 8, 1865.

June 6, 1865.

July 8, 1865.

April 15, 1864.

July 8, 1S65.

May 12, 1865.
15, 1865.

Dec. 26, 1S64.

1 Table V.

Tables VL, VIII.

3 Table III.

* Table II.

e Tables TIL, VI.

6 Table IV.

7 Deserted.

8 Tables III., VIII.

u Table VIII. 12 Deserted Nov. 13, '63.

w Tr. Navy, June 30, '64. Table VL

Table VII L " Tables II., HI.

Tables III., IV.

ORIGINAL ROSTER.

401

Table I. Company K Continued.

Name.

Residence.

Occupation.

Date of
Enlistment.

Date of
Discharge.

Privates.

Plummer, Henry .

Sandwich .

Farmer .

Aug.

14, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

PreRcott, John M. 1 .

Sandwich .

Farmer .

July

30, 1862.

Quimby, George D. 1

Sandwich .

Farmer .

Aug.

14, 1862.

Quimby, William F. 2

Sandwich .

Carpenter

14, 1862,

8, 1865.

Robinson, Frank P. 3 .

Pembroke .

Farmer .

13, 1862.

8, 1865.

Simpson, William

Pembroke .

Farmer .

28, 1862,

8, 1865.

Sinclair, Edwin D. .

Sandwich .

Shoemaker

15, 1862,

Aug.

9, 1864.

Sinclair, William H. H.* .

Sandwich .

Farmer .

15, 1862.

Smith, Daniel M. 3 .

Sandwich .

Farmer .

15, 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Smith, Herbert H. .

Sandwich .

Tinman .

16, 1862,

8, 1865.

Smith, Lewis Q. 3

Sandwich .

Farmer .

14, 1S62,

8, 1865.

Smith, Moses L. 1

Sandwich .

Farmer .

14, 1862.

Smith, Samuel S. 2

Sandwich .

Farmer .

18, 1862,

8, 1865.

Stone, George W. 3 .

Pembroke .

Farmer .

13, 1862,

8, 1865.

Tanner, Edward E. 1 .

Sandwich .

Farmer .

14. 1862.

Tanner, Henry H. .

Sandwich .

Laborer .

18, 1862,

Oct.

15, 1864.

Tilton, Henry A.

Sandwich .

Farmer .

16, 1862,

May

15, 1863.

Vittum, Giles S. 4

Sandwich .

Farmer .

14, 1862.

Vittum, Samuel F. .

Sandwich .

Farmer .

14, 1862,

Nov.

23, 1864.

Wallace, Alfred . .

Sandwich .

Farmer .

18. 1862,

July

8, 1865.

Wallace, James M. 1 .

Sandwich .

Farmer .

15, 1862.

White, Benjamin

Pembroke .

Farmer .

29, 1862,

8, 1865.

Total ... 89

Recruits.

Basacca, Antonio

Grafton

Laborer .

Aug.

2, 1864,

July

8, 1865.

Bennett, John P.s .

Sandwich .

Laborer .

Jan.

1, 1S64,

8, 1865.

Buckalow, John

Gilford

Seaman .

Aug.

3, 1864,

8, 1865.

Burnham, James H. .

Grafton

Seaman .

30, 1864,

8, 1865.

Buzzell, Fbenezer M. 8

Lake Village

Box-cutter

Jan.

5, 1864,

June

14, 1865.

Buzzell, Ransom D. 6

Lake Village

Carpenter

5, 1864,

July

8, 1865.

Cameron, Donald J. 4

_ -

Farmer .

Aug.

20, 1863.

Cowan, Wentworth S.

Windham .

Farmer .

11, 1863,

8, 1865.

Cruickshank, Alex. D. T .

_ -

Clerk

20, 1863.

Densiro, Dennis

Alexandria

Laborer .

5, 1864,

8, 1865.

Dobson, James .

_ -

July

29, 1864,

8, 1S65.

Eaton, Charles B. 8 .

_ _

Clerk

Aug.

20, 1863.

Eaton, Hiel F. 1 .

_ _

Shoemaker

Feb.

2, 1865.

Emerson, James 6

Chatham

Laborer .

Dec.

30, 1863,

8, 1865.

Gazhoe, Alexander .

Richmond . '

Laborer .

Aug.

3, 1864,

8, 1865.

Glogelt, Enos8 .

Canaan

Stone-cutter .

Sept.

29, 1863,

Nov.

20, 1865.

Golding, George 9

_ -

Moulder .

Aug.

20, 1863.

Haddock, George H. 10

Plainfield . .

Boatman .

Sept.

6, 1864.

Hallett, George W. 19

Portsmouth

Boatman .

Aug.

5, 1864.

Harriman, Amos *

Chatham

Laborer .

Dec.

30, 1S63.

Harriman, Edgar

Chatham

Farmer

30, 1863,

July

8, 1865.

Harriman, Phleman 11

Chatham

Laborer .

30, 1863,

Aug.

2, 1865.

Henry, Louis

Swanzey .

Laborer .

Aug.

2, 1864,

July

8, 1865.

Herrell, John 9 .

- -

Baker

20, 1863.

Jackson, David 12

_ -

Shoemaker

20, 1863.

LeBosquet, Henry S.

Milton

Shoemaker

Dec.

29, 1863,

8, 1865.

Lee, William 13 .

New Durham .

Laborer .

Aug.

14, 1863.

Long, Samuel I4

_ _

Laborer .

20, 1863.

Manchester, Lorenzo D. .

Alton .

Teamster

Feb.

2, 1865,

8, 1865.

Mandeville, Horace B. 16 .

- -

Sailor

Aug.

20, 1863.

Maxwell, Douglass 18

Farmington

Porter

14, 1863.

McGowan, Thomas .

Greenfield .

Farmer .

2, 1864,

8, 1865.

McHugh, Peter 9

New Durham

Laborer .

14, 1863.

Monson, John 17

Nelson

Laborer .

Sept.

29, 1863.

Murray, Patrick

Nelson

Hostler .

Aug.

5, 1864,

8, 1865.

Nelson, Charles W. 9 .

Keene .

Teamster

Sept.

29, 1863.

O'Brien, Edward

_ _

July

29, 1864,

8, 1865.

Oldes, James 8 .

Sailor

Aug.

20, 1863.

i Table IV.

2 Tables III., VI.

3 Table HI. 4 Table V.
s Table VIII.

6 Table VI.
'Deserted Jan. 29, '64.

8 Deserted March 12, '64.

9 Deserted Nov. 3, 1863.

io Deserted June 21, '65. 14 Deserted Feb. 3, 1864.

11 Tr. V.R.C. June 6, '64. " Deserted.

12 Deserted Nov. 15. '63. ,0 Deserted Feb. 2, 1864.

13 Table VII. 17 Deserted Feb. 4, 1864.

402

FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Table I. Company K Concluded.

Name.

Residence.

so Occupation.

Date of
Enlistment.

Date of
Discharge.

Recruits.

Phelps, Daniel W.i .

Orford

Laborer .

Dec. 22, 1863.

Robinson, Samuel D. 3

Pembroke .

Farmer .

Aug. 10, 1864,

Feb.

8, 1865.

Schmidt, John 3

Somersworth

Carpenter

July 29, 1864.

Tarbox, Alfred A.* .

- -

Shoemaker

Aug. 15, 1863.

Taylor, Peter 5 .

Swanzey

Laborer .

5, 1864.

Toben, James . .

Fremont

Laborer .

July 29, 1864,

July

27, 1865.

Whaylan, John .

Salem .

Laborer .

Aug. 5, 1864,

8, 1865.

Whipple, Joseph

Fitz william

Mechanic

22, 1864,

8, 1865.

Wilson, James .

Chesterfield

Shoemaker

July 29, 1864,

8, 1S65.

Total ... 47

Aggregate . 136

Table V. 2 Table VI. 3 Sick in hospital. * Deserted March 12, 1864. e Table VII.

In addition to the above, the adjutant-general's reports give the
names of one hundred and twenty-six recruits, who were assigned
to the regiment, but who never reached it, and were never taken
up on its rolls. Of these, one hundred and six are reported as
" not officially accounted for." Careful investigation renders it
certain that all of this number deserted while en route to the regi-
ment from the draft rendezvous. Seventeen were discharged at
Gallop's Island, May 6, 1865, having started for the regiment, and
three at later periods of the same year.

SPECIAL DETAILS.

403

TABLE II.

SPECIAL DETAILS.

FIELD, STAFF, AND NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

Name.

Nature of Detail.

Robert "Wilson

Tileston A. Barker
William A. Heard .
William Henry Thayer .

Marshall Perkins .
Albert F. Hussey .

In command district of Carrollton, La., April 9 to June 12, 1864. In
command 1st brig., 2d div., 19th A. C, June, July, 1864.

General court-martial, Washington, D.C., Feb. 25, 1864, to Feb. 5, 1865.

Brigade quartermaster, Nov., 1862.

Medical inspector, State of N.H., Nov., 1863, to Jan., 1864, by order
sec. of war. Surgeon-in-chief 2d div., 19th A.C., Feb. 23 to July, 1865.

In charge camp distribution, Savannah, Ga., Feb. 8, 1865. In charge
small-pox post hospital, section No. 2, Savannah, Ga., March 13,
1865. Companies A and I, N.Y. Engineers, Savannah, Ga., May 7,
1865. Tenth A. C. ambulance-corps, June 14, 1865.

Acting regimental quartermaster, Dec. 3 to March 3, 1864. Acting
quartermaster under Capt. Starr, Savannah, Ga., March, 1865.
Assistant street-commissioner, Savannah, Ga., April to July, 1865.

COMPANY A.

Charles P. Hall

Holland Wheeler
A. Henry Latham

Coggin, John n.
Fiske, Charles R.

King, John L. .

Leach, Samuel I.

Lewis, George W.
Mason. Allison Z.

Wardwell, George O.
Wright, George A.
Whitcomb, Franklin C.

In charge of invalid detachment under provost-marshal, Washington,
D.C., June to Nov., 1863. In command Fort Pulaski, Ga., March
5 to June 5, 1865.

Sergeant of the guard at brigade headquarters, Jan., 1863.

On canal-boat from Poolesville to Washington, winter 1862-63. At
provost-marshal's office, Washington, June, 1863. With supply-
train, Aug., 1864.

Brigade teamster, Aug., 1864.

Quartermaster's department of the post, Carrollton, La., April, 1864.

Subsistence department at division headquarters, June, 1864.
Acting assistant commissary of subsistence, and acting assistant

quartermaster, Fort Pulaski, Ga., March to June, 1865.
Clerk for brigade quartermaster, Oct., 1862, to April, 1863. Clerk in

Campbell General Hospital. April, 1863, to July 21, 1865.
United-States secret service, Washington, D.C., Jan., 1864.
Head clerk, headquarters district Carrollton, La., April 16 to May 31,

1864. Head clerk, headquarters distributing camp, Bedloe's Island,

New- York Harbor, Nov. 19, 1864, to July 7, 1865.
Guard at provost-marshal's office, Washington, June to Oct., 1S64.
Nurse and cook at division hospital, Savannah, Ga.
Orderly in office paymaster D. Taylor, Washington, D.C., July to

Sept., 1863.

COMPANY B.

Charles E. Holbrook
Lane, Clement G. .

Abbott, Warren
Bundy, AmasaT. .
Keyes, Gecirge A. .
Knapp, Charles H. .
Sherman, George A.

Willis, Paul S.

Command 6th div., invalid detachment, Emory Hospital, Washington,

I) C, 1863.
Military detective, Washington, D.C., Dec. 1, 1S63. Baggage-master,

Chesapeake Hospital, Fortress Monroe, July, 1864, to June, 1865.

Ambulance-corps from June, 1864.

Cook, brigade headquarters, Savannah, Ga., 1S65.

Clerk, recruiting-depot, Concord, N.H.

Clerk, commissary musters, Savannah, Ga., Jan., 1865.

Guard at provost-marshal's office, Washington, D.C., 1863. Guard,

brigade headquarters from Aug., 1864, to Feb., 1865.
Guard at provost-marshal's office, Washington, D.C., 1863.

404

FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Table II. Continued.
COMPANY C.

Name.

Nature of Detail.

Ira Berry, jun.
Carroll D. Wright .

Charles H. Gove
Slyfield, Franklin .

At Central Guard-House, Washington, D.C., June, 1863, to Jan., 1864.
Charge of camp distribution, Savannah, Ga., April, May, and
June, 1865.

Assistant acting commissary of subsistence, Poolesville, Md., March
and April, 1863. At Central Guard-House, Washington, D.C.,
May 26 to June 29, 1863. On staff Brig.-Gen. Martindale, military
governor, Washington, D.C., June 29 to Nov. 7, 1863. Acting
assistant adjutant-general, district, of Carrollton, La., April 23 to
May 31, 1864. A. A. A. G., 1st brig., 2d div., 19th A. G, June 29
to Dec. 28, 1864. At draftrendezvous, Trenton, N.J., Jan. 22 to
March 6, 1S6S.

Commissary department under Capt. Goddard, Oct., 1863.

Brigade teamster, Aug., 1864.

COMPANY D.

Caleb W. Hodgdon
John N. Bruce

John W. Locke
Josiah Gove .

Beale, Sumner

Breed, Enoch W. .
Coult, Stephen C. .
Day, Henry C.
Haladay, George C.
Swett, George W. .
Terrill, Benjamin F.
Wiggin, Thomas J.

General court-martial, Washington, D.C., July 11, 1863; judge-advo-
cate, April 1 to Sept. 21, 1864.

Chief military detectives, Washington, D.C., from Dec. 1, 1863, to
Feb. 21, 1864. Ordnance officer, staff Gen. D. C. Roberts, Carroll-
ton, La., May and June, 1S64.

Military detective, Washington, D.C., from Dec. 1, 1863, to Feb. 21,
1864.

Clerk, general court-martial, Washington, D.C., July, 1863; clerk,
A. A. A. G., 1st brig., 2d div., 19th A.C., Morganzia, La., July, 1864.

Mounted orderly, Gen. Martindale's headquarters, Washington, D.C.,

Sept. 17. 1863.
Clerk, district of Carrollton, La., May and June, 1864.
Guard, brigade headquarters, from Aug., 1864, to June, 1865.
Cook, brigade headquarters, Aug., 1864.
Teamster, supply-train, Aug., 1864.

Guard, provost-marshal's office, Washington, D.C., 1863.
Cook, brigade headquarters, from Nov., 1864.
Clerk, examining-board signal-corps, Washington, D.C., May 12, 1863.

COMPANY E.

William Cobleigh
Franklin Wheeler

Folsom, Stephen P.
Lary, Andrew J. .

General court-martial, Washington, D.C., May to July, 1863; acting

adjutant, July 15 to Dec. 3, 1864.
Acting assistant quartermaster, camp distribution, Savannah, Ga.,

Feb. 10 to June 23, 1865.

At Soldiers' Rest, Washington, D.C., in 1863.
At Soldiers' Rest, eight months.

COMPANY F.

Theodore A. Ripley

George G. Martin .

Farr, Wesley O.
Holbrook, George B.
Stoddard, James S.
Ward, George P. .
Wright, L. Warren

Recruiting-service, Dec. 14, 1S63.

rollton, La., May to June, 1864.

Aug. IS to Sept. 20, 1864.
Recruitiug-service, Dec. 14, 1863.

On Gen. B.
A.A.I.G.

S. Roberts's staff, Car-
on Gen. Birge's staff,

Recruiting-service, Dec. 14, 1863. ^

Clerk at brigade headquarters, Feb., 1864, to July, 1865.
Recruiting-service, Dec. 14, 1863.

Guard at Gen. Grover's headquarters, Dec, 1864, to June, 1865.
Acting provost-marshal, Carrollton, La., May, 1864.

SPECIAL DETAILS.

405

Table II. Continued.
COMPANY G.

Name.

Nature of Detail.

Solon A. Carter
C. Fred "Webster

Bpencer L. Bailey .
Flavel L. Tolman .

John W. Sturtevant

James W. Russell .
Edward B. Howard

Samuel L. Gerould

Allen, Calvin, jun.
Frost, John

Greenwood, Leroy P.
Hill, Horace J.
Jillson, Almon L. .
Lettenmayer, Otto .

Morey, Albert L. .
Parker, William H.

Pierce, Albert S.

Robb, William P. .

Ryan, John
Scott, James H.

Willard, Lucius S. .
Wright, Daniel

Recruiting-service at Concord, N.H., July, 1863. A. A. A. G., staff

Brig. -Gen. Edward W. Hinks.
Acting adjutant, Nov. 6, 18(32; acting quartermaster, Nov. 13, 1862, to

Oct. 25, 1863. Brig. Q. M., Carrollton, La., May, 1864. Post Q.M.,

Morganzia, La., June 10 to July 5, 1864. In charge wagon-train,

2d div., 19th A. C, Sept. and Oct., 1864. Assistant post Q. M.,

Savannah, Ga., March 20 to July 8, 1865.
A. A. C. S., Grover's brigade, Adder Hill, Md., Nov. 1, 1862.
Central Guard-House, Washington, D.C., July, 1863. With Co. E,

Pioneers, 1st brig., 2d div., 19th A.C., Sept., 1864.
Command detachment Sixth-street Wharf, Washington, D.C., May 9

to Nov. 8, 1863. Adjutant provost- marshal's office, Washington,

D.C., Nov. 8, 1863, to Feb. 6, 1864. A.D.C., staff Brig.-Gen. B. 8.

Roberts, Carrollton, La., April, 1864. Provost-marshal, district

Carrollton, La., May, 1864.
A. A. C. S., 1st brig., 2d div., 19th A.C., June, 1865, Savannah, Ga.
On duty at draft-rendezvous, New Haven, Conn., Feb., March, and

April, 1865.
Clerk, general court-martial, Washington, D.C., Oct. 2, 1863, to Feb. 9,

1865. Signal-corps, Poolesville, Md., Dec. 24, 1862. Clerk, brig.

A. C. S., Poolesville, Md., April 18, 1863.

City police, Savannah, Ga., from April 8 to June 6, 1865.

Orderly at court-martial rooms, Washington, D.C., Oct. 21, 1863, to

Dec. 18, 1863. Messenger quartermaster-general's office, Dec. 19,

1863, to June 12, 1885.
Sharpshooter during the Valley campaign, 1864.
Orderly at ordnance-office, Savannah, Ga., June, 1865.
Bugler, and at Finley Hospital, Washington, D.C., Oct., 1863.
Cook, brigade headquarters. Orderly, Seventh-street court-martial

rooms, Washington, D.C., 1863.
Orderly, headquarters district Carrollton, La., April, 1864.
Orderly, Gen. Augur's headquarters, Washington, D.C., April, 1863.

Hooker's headquarters to April 23, 1S65.
Orderly, headquarters 1st brig., 2d div., 19th A.C.Nov. 27 to Dec. 24,

1864.
Signal-corps, Poolesville, Md., Dec. 24, 1862. Ambulance-driver,

April, 1863.
Orderly, headquarters 2d div., 19th A. C, Savannah, Ga., May, 1865.
Military detective, Washington, D.C., Oct., 1863, and Savannah, Ga.,

June, 1865.
Clerk, camp distribution, Alexandria, Va., Sept., 1864, to June, 1865.
Teamster, headquarters 1st brig., 2d div., 19th A. C, 1864 and 1865.

COMPANY H.

Walter H. Sargent .
David A. Macurdy .
Marcus M. Holmes .
George F. Blanchard

Bell, Robert .

Brown, Joseph
Chamberlain, Alonzo P.

Emerson, John R. .
Norwood, John E. .
Ward, James O.

Recruiting-service at Concord, N.H., July 3, 1863.
Acting quartermaster, provisional battalion, Aug., 1864.
Command refugee-camp, Savannah, Ga., Jan. to July, 1865.
Central Guard-House, Washington, D.C.

Duty at headquarters Washburn's brigade, Savannah, Ga., June

12, 1S65.
Clerk, headquarters Dept. of the South, Savannah, Ga., June 10, 1S65.
Ward assistant, McClellan Hospital, Philadelphia, Jan. 23 to May

30, 1865.
Guard at Gen. Birge's headquarters, Aug., 1864.
Camp distribution, Savannah, Ga., May 10 to July 6, 1865.
Guard at War Department, Washington, D.C, July, 1S63.

406

FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Table II. Concluded.
COMPANY I.

Name.

Nature of Detail.

Ransom lluntoon .

George II. Stowell .
Cumings, Charles B.
Benjamin Wbittaker
William Wallace .
Henry C. Mace
Eben W. Parker .

Chapman, James H.
Dodge, Simeon S. .
Foster, Charles E. .
Hall, Levi D., Jan. .
Howard, Waldo L.
Howard, Wilbur F.
Miller, Jonathan, jun.

Smith, Arthur T. .
Woodward, Charles

Command guard Sanitary Commission, Washington, D.C., July 9 to

Sept. 9, 1863.
Recruiting-service, Concord, N.H., July 20, 1863, to Jan. 29, 1864.
Military detective, Washington, D.C., Dec. 1, 1863.
Sharpshooter, Sept , 1864.
Detached duty, Concord, N.H., Feb. 22, 1864.
Guard, brigade headquarters, Savannah, Ga., Jan. to June, 1865.
To organize drum-corps, 2d U. S.C.T., Washington, Dec, Sept., 1863.

Ambulance-corps, Oct. 20, 1864.

Carpenter at headquarters district of Carrollton, La., May, 1864.

Provost-marsbaPs office, Washington, D.C., July, 1863, to Feb., 1864.

Cook, headquarters 1st brig., 2d div ., 19th A. C, July, 1864, to July , 1865.

Orderly, military commission, Washington, D.C., 1S63.

Orderly, military commission, Washington, D.C., Dec. 7, 1863.

Clerk, military commission, Jan. 4 to Feb. 7, 1864. Clerk, brigade
headquarters, Carrollton, La., April 10 to June 7, 1864. Clerk,
brigade headquarters, Shenandoah Valley, Aug. 17 to Oct. 19, ?864.

Clerk in P. O., Savannah, Ga., Feb. to July, 1865.

Guard, headquarters 1st div., 19th A. C, Jan. 4 to June, 1865.

COMPANY K.

George N. French .

J. Marcellus Smith .
Fellows, Benjamin F.
Fowler, Trueworthy
Page, Henry P.

Clerk, headquarters 1st div., Dept. W. Va., Feb. 8, 1862, to Feb. 26,
1864. Headquarters military district, Washington, D C, Feb. 26,
1864, to May 6, 1865. War Dept., A.G.O., May 6, 1S65, till discharge.

Musician, U. S. General Hospital* Claysville, Md., Nov. 8, 1864.

Detective, Washington, D.C., Dec

ton, La., May 16, 1S64.
Post-Omce clerk, Savannah, Ga., Feb. 1,1865

Grover's headquarters, April 10, 1865.
Commandant of guard, Camp McClellan, Davenport, la., Oct. 7, 1864

1, 1863. Special police, Carroll-
Mail-messenger, Gen.

PROMOTIONS.

407

TABLE III.

PROMOTIONS.

FIELD, STAFF, AND NOW-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

Name.

Promotions and Dates of Same.

Samuel A. Duncan

Alexander Gardiner
William H. Bryant.
Albert F. Hussey .
George D. Richardson .

Colonel 4th U. S.C. T., Sept. 4, 1863. Brigadier-General by brevet,

Oct. 28, 1864. Major-General by brevet, March 13, 1865.
Major, Sept. 12, 1863. Colonel, Sept. 12, 1864.

Second Lieut., Co. D, Sept. 20, '63. First Lieut., Co. H, Feb. 19, '64.
First Lieut., Co. K, Nov. 22, 1864.
First Lieut., Co. B, Jan. 4, 1864.

COMPANY A.

Charles P. Hall, 1st Lieut.

Captain, Co. C, Feb. 20, 1864.

Sergeants.

Russell F. Smith .

Second Lieut., Co. D, Feb. 26, 1864 Captain, Co. E, April 21, 1865.
Not mustered.

Jesse A. Fisk .

Second Lieut., Co. E, Jan. 12, 1864. First Lieut., Co. K, May 27, '64.

Corporals.

Holland Wheeler .

, .

Sergeant, Jiw. 27, 1864.

Charles C. Wilson .

Sergeant, Feb. 27, 1864.

Jewett P. Wellman

Sergeant,May L 1865.

Musician.

Henry M. Staples .

Principal musician, Oct. 31, 1864.

Privates.

Brock, Charles E. .

. .

Corporal, July 1, 1864.

Carroll, Horace

Corporal, May 1, 1865.

Greenwood, E. Tyler

. .

Corporal, Jan. 23, 1863.

Hall, Franklin J. .

, .

Corporal, April 1, 1865.

Holden, Leonard S.

. .

Corporal, Nov. 23, 1864. Sergeant, April 11, 1865. "

Holt, Samuel P.

. .

Corporal, July 1, 1864.

King, John L. .

Corporal, Oct. 6, 1862. Sergeant, July 1, 1864. Sergeant-Major, Dec.
1, 1864. First Lieut., Co. C, Jan. 4, 1S65.

Knowlton, Luke, jun.

# .

Corporal, Nov. 1, 1864.

Leach, Samuel I.

. .

Corporal, 1864.

.Lewis, (jeorge W. .

Corporal, Feb. 27, 1864. Sergeant, Oct. 1, 1864.

Liscom, L. Frank .

Corporal, May 1, 1864. Sergeant, Dec. 1, 1864. First Sergeant, April
1, 1865.

Mason, James B.

. .

Transferred and promoted to First Lieut., 31st U. S. C. T., Feb. 14, 1864.

Peeler, Charles A. .

. .

Corporal, July 1, 1864.

Pierce, Almon G. .

Corporal, Jan. 27, 1864. First Sergeant, Co. C, May 1, 1864.

Wardwell, George 0.

Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865.

Welch, Michael

Corporal, May 1, 1865.

COMPANY B.

Charles E. Holbrook, 2d Lt.

Sergeants.
Henry E. Barrett, 1st .
Henry Knight .

First Lieut., May 5, 1863.

Second Lieut., April 4, 1863.
First Sergeant, May 1, 1863.

408

FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Table III. Company B Continued.

Name.

Promotions and Dates of Same.

Corporals.

Austin H. Wolf

Sergeant, May 1, 1863. First Sergeant, Feb. 1, 1865.

Albert H. Tyrell .

Sergeant, May 1, 1863.

Privates.

Adams, Norman L.

Corporal, April 14, 1864.

Brown, Charles H. .

Corporal, May 1, 1865.

Brackett, Freeman E.

Corporal, April 22, 1864.

Leland, Van Buren

Corporal, Jan. 1, 1863.

Marshall, Harlan P.

Corporal, June 1, 1865.

Sherman, George A.

Corporal, May 1, 1863. Sergeant, Feb. 1, 1865.

Spoon, r, Stephen A.

Corporal, May 1, 1863.

Shepard, Harvey E.

Corporal, June 19, 1864.

Templeman, Elnathan R.

Corporal, Feb. 1, 1865.

COMPANY C.

Ira Berry, jun., 1st Lt. .
Carroll D. Wright, 2d Lt.

Captain, Co. H, Oct. 1, 1863.

Adjutant, Dec. 4, 1863. Colonel, Dec. 6, 1864.

Sergeants.
Daniel K. Healey .

J. Henry Jenks
Luther M. Parker .
George H. Stone

Second Lieut., 6th U. S. C. T., Aug. 27, 1863. First Lieut., 6th U. S.

C. T., Oct. 13, 1864.
Sergeant-Major, Sept. 20, 1863.
First Sergeant, Nov. 20, 1864.
Second Lieut., Co. I, Oct. 30, 1863. First Lieut., Co. I, May 27, 1864.

Corporals.
Reuben H. Combs .
Ceylon S. Davis . .
George W. Felch .

Sergeant, Jan. 17, 1864.
Sergeant, June 15, 1863.
First Sergeant, June 12, 1864.

Privates.
Barber, John ....
Collins, William
Gilmore, Charles G.
Holman, Thomas F.
Rust, Nathaniel P. .
Ward, Harrison R.
Whitcomb, Wright

Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864.
Sergeant, Jan. 17, 1864.
Corporal, Jan. 17, 1864.
Corporal, Oct. 1, 1864.
Corporal, June 15, 1863.
Corporal, March 1, 1865.
Corporal, Sept. 20, 1863.

COMPANY D.

Stark Fellows, 1st Lt.

Colonel, 2d U. S. C. T., Sept. 4, 1863.

Sergeants.

Elbridge D. Hadley, 1st

Second Lieut., Co. F, Feb. 12, 1864. First Lieut., Co. F, July 6, 1864.

Not mustered. Captain by brevet, July 24, 1868.

John N. Bruce

First Lieut., Co. C, Oct. 1, 1863. Captain, Co. E, Jan. 4, 1865.

Joseph V. Bowie . .

First Sergeant, Feb. 27, 1864.

Corporals.

John W. Locke

Sergeant, Feb. 27, 1864.

Moses Wadleigh

Sergeant, 1863. Com.-Sergeant, Feb. 1, 1865.

Thomas J. Wiggin .

Sergeant United States Signal-Corps, June 1, 1865.

Privates.

Beckman, Francis . .

Corporal, Feb. 27, 1S64. Sergeant, March 1, 1865.

Bruce, John R. . . .

Corporal, Co. C, Jan. 1, 1864.

Chase, Derwin W. .

Corporal.

Collins, Augustine VV. .

Corporal, Feb. 27, 1864.

Ciliy, Otis G

Corporal, April 1, 1863.

Hastings, Charles .

Hospital Steward, March 1, 1865.

Titcorab, Henry H.

Corporal, Oct. 31, 1864.

Wilson, Stephen M.

Corporal, March 1, 1863.

PROMOTIONS.

409

Table III. Continued.
COMPANY E.

Name.

Promotions and Dates of Same.

William Cobleigh, 1st LI.

Captain, Co. I, Nov. 22,

1864.

Sergeants.

Franklin Wheeler, 1st .

Second Lieut., Co. C, Feb

Co. E.Dec. 1,1864.

Hiram J. Rounds .

First Sergeant, Feb. 27,

1894.

Corporals.

Thomas J. Lary

Sergeant, Aug. 2, 1S63.

David S. Harvey

Sergeant, Nov. 1, 1864.

"William A. Willis .

Sergeant, Feb. 27, 1864.

First Sergeant, April 1,

1865.

Privates.

Bartlett, George S. .

Corporal, Nov. 1, 1864.

Crawford, Bryant E.

Corporal, June 1, 1864.

Dow, Aldin A.

Corporal, May 1, 1865.

Eastman, Darius G.

Corporal, Jan. 22, 1S63.

Evans, Edwin F.

Corporal, Jan. 1, 1865.

Sergeant, April 1, 1865.

Evans, John C.

Corporal, June 8, 1865.

Gond, George S.

Corporal, May 19, 1865.

Grey, Jared ....

Corporal, Nov. 1, 1864.

Hawkins, Thomas A.

Corporal, Feb. 27, 1S64.

Johnson, William W.

Corporal, Jan. 22, 1863.

Lary, Andrew J.

Corporal, Nov. 1, 1864.

Lovejoy, John B. .

Corporal, Feb. 27, 1864.

1m assure, Erastus . .

Corporal, Jan. 22, 1863.

Stone, Munroe J. . . .

Corporal, Nov. 1. 1864.

Wallace, Asahel K.

Corporal, Jan. 22, 1863.

Sergeant, Sept. 14, 1864

COMPANY F.

Theodore A. Ripley, Capt. .

Colonel, March 24, 1865. Not mustered.

William A. Fosgate, 2d Lieut.

First Lieut., Co. H, Nov. 2, 1863. Captain, Co. B, Feb. 19, 1864.

Sergeants.

John H. Goodwin, 1st .

Second Lieut., Co. E, Feb. 17, 1865. Not mustered.

Artemas B. Colburn

Second Lieut., Co. B, May 11, 1864.

Corporals.

Charles G. Howard

Color-Sergeant, July, 1864. First Lieut., Co. A, Jan. 4, 1865.

U. Barrett Fosgate .

Sergeant, Marcb 6, 1864.

Privates.

Allen, Moses ....

Corporal, Dec. 1, 1862.

Ball, Charles A.

Corporal, March 1, 1864.

Buffum, Francis H.

Corporal, Feb. 1, 1864. Sergeant, March 1, 1865. Color-Sergeant,

March 2, 1865.

Day, George A.

Principal Musician, March 1, 1865.

Farr, Wesley O.

Corporal, Feb. 1, 1864.

Murdock, Verwill Q. D.

Corporal, May 1, 1863.

Newell, Benjamin, jun. .

Corporal, Dec. 1, 1862.

Smith, Edward 0. .

Corporal, May 1, 1865.

Stoddard, James S.

Corporal, Sept. 26, 1863. Sergeant, Feb. 12, 1864.

Thompson, Daniel H. . ,

Corporal, Marcb 1, 1865.

Wood, Henry A.

Corporal, Oct. 1, 1864.

Wright, L. Warren

Sergeant, Aug. 1, 1863. Second Lieut., Co. A, Feb. 19, 1864; 1st

Lieut., Nov. 22, 1864; Adjutant, Jan. 4, 1865.

COMPANY G.

Solon A. Carter, Capt. .
C. Fred Webster, 1st Lieut.

Captain and A. A. G., U. S. V., July 25, 1864.

Lieut. -Colonel by brevet, March 13, 1865.
First Lieut, and R. Q.M., Oct. 16, 1863.

Major by brevet, and

410

FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Table III. Company G Continued.

Name.

Promotions and Dates of Same.

Sergeants.

Flavel L. To 1 mail, 1st. .

Second Lieut., March 1, 1863. First Lieut., Oct. 17
Co. E, Jan. 1, 1864. Major, Dec. 6, 1864.

, 1863. Captain,

John W. Sturtevant

First Sergeant, May 1, 1863 Second Lieut., Oct.
Lieut., Jan. 1, 1864. Captain, Jan. 4, 1S65.

17, 1S63. First

James W. Russell .

Commissary Sergeant, May 1, 1863. Second Lieut.

, Co. E, Jan. 4,

1S65. First Lieut., Co. I, Feb. 17, 1865. Not mustered.

Edward B. Howard

First Sergeant, Oct. 29, 1863. Second Lieut., Jan
Lieut., Jan. 4, 1865. Not mustered.

. 1, 1864. First

Corporals.

Chamberlain, Maro J. .

Sergeant, Nov. 30, 1862. Captain U. 8. C. T., Aug. 1, ]

Cragin, Charles O. .

Sergeant, May 1, 1863. First Sergeant, Feb. 27, 1864.

Second Lieut.,

Jan. 4, 1865. Not mustered. First Lieut., Co. D,

Feb. 17, 1865.

Emery, Charles D. .

Sergeant, Aug. 4, 1S63.

Hunt, James H.

Sergeant, Nov. 14, 1863. First Sergeant, March
Lieut., May 2, 1S65.

L, 1865. Second

Privates.

J. Kerry Sullivan .

Second Lieut., Co. H. Not mustered.

Leathers, John

Corporal, Nov. 30, 1862. Sergeant, Oct. 29, 1863.
March 1, 1865.

Sergeant-Major,

Law, Charles D.

Corporal, May 2, 1863. Sergeant, March 1, 1864.
May 2, 1865.

First Sergeant,

Lowe, George F. .

Corporal, Jan. 1, 1864. Sergeant, March 1, 1865.

Prescott, Oren D. .

Corporal, Aug. 1, 1S63. Sergeant, Feb. 27, 1S64.

Reed, J. Langdon .

Corporal, Jan. 1, 1S64. Sergeant, March 1, 1865.

Shedd, Granville .

Corporal, Jan. 1, 1S64. Sergeant, March 1, 1865.

Turner, Henry A. .

Corporal, April 22, 1864. Sergeant, May 2, 1865.

Cutter, Edwin R. .

Corporal, March 1, 1865.

Hazen, George W. .

Corporal, Feb. 27, 1864.

Learned, Lewis D. .

Corporal, Oct. 1, 1864.

Learned, Marion D. .

Corporal, March 1, 1865.

Merrifield, Charles B.

Corporal, Sept. 1, 1864.

Parker, William H.

Second Lieut., 6th U. S. Infantry, April 23, 1865.
brevet, Jan. 2, 1866.

First Lieut, by

Pierce, Albert S. .

Corporal, Dec. 25, 1864.

Poole, Joel H

Corporal, March 1, 1865.

Rice, John C

Corporal, March 1, 1865.

Richardson, Herbert C. .

Corporal, May 2, 1865.

Smith, Samuel M. .

Captain U. S. C. T., Feb. 29, 1864.

COMPANY H.

Walter H. Sargent, 2d Lieut.

Sergeants.
David A. Macurdy, 1st .

Marcus M. Holmes .

George F. Blanchard

Corporals.
Albert A. Baker
Charles F. Heath .
Daniel P. Kilburn .

Privates.
Bailey, Amos C.
Barnard, George M.
Chamberlain, Alonzo P.
Emerson, John R. .
Gale, Solomon G. .
Macurdy, Matthew.
Morse, John D.
Parker, William P.

First Lieut., Co. D, Nov. 1, 1863.

Second Lieut., Co. H, Nov. 1, 1863. First Lieut., Co. B, June, 1864.

Captain, Co. B, Dec. 22, 1864.
First Sergeant, Jan. 20, 1864. Second Lieut., Co. F, Sept. 19, 1864.

First Lieut., Co. H, Dec. 2, 1864.
Second Lieut., Co. C, Sept. 22, 1863. First Lieut., Co. F, Feb. 19,

1864. Captain, Co. A, Nov. 22, 1864.

Sergeant, Jan. 20, 1864.
Sergeant, Oct. 1,1864.
Sergeant, Jan. 30, 1864.

Corporal, Sept. 20, 1864.

Corporal, Jan. 20, 1864. Sergeant, Oct. 26, 1864.
Corporal, April 1, 1864.
Corporal, June 1, 1865.
Sergeant, Jan. 20,1864.

Corporal, Jan. 20, 1864. Sergeant, April 1, 1S64.
Corporal, March 1, 1865.

Corporal, May 1, 1S63. Sergeant, Sept. 20, 1S64. First Sergeant, Dec.
2, 1864.

PROMOTIONS.

411

Table III. Company H Concluded.

Name.

Promotions and Dates of Same.

Privates.

Poor, Wilson E.

Corporal, Oct. 1, 1864.

Saltmarsh, Alonzo P.

Corporal, June 1, 1S65.

Sanborn, Henry M.

Corporal, Dec. 1, 1S64.

Tucker, George W.

Corporal, Jan. 20, 1864.

Wheeler, Robert E.

Corporal, Oct. 1, 1864.

Wilson, Leonard

Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864.

Sergeant, March 1, 1865.

COMPANY I.

Nathaniel L. Chandler, Lieut.

Sergeants.
Henry S. Paul.
Asa W. Richardson
William W. Page .
Thorn is J. Mori-ill .

Corporals.
Benjamin F. Pierce
Hiram K. Darling
George S. Jones

Privates
Cumings, Charles B
Foster, Charles E.
Gault, John S.
Lane, Marcus M.
Mace, Henry C.
Mullen, Hugh .
Newton, Clough
Page, John M.
Peasley, George W
Stowell, George H.
Wallace, William
Whittaker, Benjamin

Captain, Co. A, June 16, 1864.

Second Lieut., Co. A, Jan. 1, 1864. First Lieut., Co. A, Feb. 19, '64.
Second Lieut., Co. E, June 22, 1864. First Lieut. Co. F, Jan. 4, 1865.
First Sergeant, June 17, 1864.
First Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1865.

Sergeant, Jan. 26, 1864.
Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1865.
Sergeant, Feb. 1, 1S65.

Corporal, July 1, 1864. Sergeant, June 2, 1865.

Sergeant, Jan. 1, 1864.

Corporal, June 17, 1864.

Corporal, June 8, 1865.

Corporal, June 2, 1865.

Corporal, Jan. 1, 1S65.

Corporal, June 17, 1864.

Corporal, June 2, 1865.

Corporal, Feb. 25, 1863. Sergeant, June 16, 1864.

Corporal, Feb. 1, 1865.

Corporal, Sept. 20, 1864.

COMPANY K.

Oliver H. Marston, Capt.

Lieut. -Colonel, March 24, 1865.

Moulton S. Webster, 2d Lieut.

First Lieut., Co. B, Nov. 22, 1864. Not mustered.

Sergeant.

Octavius C. Mason .

First Sergeant, June 23, 1864. Second Lieut., Jan. 2, 1865. Captain,

June 7, 1865. Not mustered.

Corporals.

Lemuel F. Vittum .

Sergeant, Dec. 1, 1864.

Samuel F. Beede

Sergeant, June 17, 1864.

Privates.

Bennett, William U. H. .

Corporal, Nov. 10, 1863.

Brown, Warren J. .

Corporal, June 17, 1864.

Cofran, Charles N.

Corporal, Dec. 1, 1864.

Fellows, Benjamin F.

Quartermaster-sergeant, Dec. 3, 1864.

Fife, Thomas H. .

Corporal.

Fowler, Trueworthy

Corporal, Nov. 1, 1864.

Glidden, George M.

Corporal.

Gove, John M. ...

Corporal, June 1, 1865.

Page, Henry P.

Sergeant. First Sergeant. Second Lieut, Co. I, May 27, 1S64.

Quimby, William F. .

Corporal, Sept. 24, lsii'2. Sergeant, Nov. 1, 1S63. Second Lieut., Co.

B, Jan. 4. 1865. Not mustered.

Robinson, Frank P.

Corporal, May 1, 1865.

Smith, Daniel M. .

Corporal, March 1, 1S65.

Smith, Lewis Q.

Corporal, May 1, 1864.

Smith, Samuel S. .

Corporal, June 25, 1864.

Stone, George W. .

Corporal, June 1, 1863.

412

FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

TABLE IV.

DEATHS BY DISEASE.

FIELD, STAFF, AND NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

Name.

Where Died.

When.

Cause.

Where Buried.

Franklin C. Weeks
Milton S. Howe .

Total . . 2

N.E. R.,N.Y.City, March 28, 1864, Diphtheria .
Offutt'sC.R'ds, Md. Nov. 24, 1862, Typhoid-fever,

Chester.
East Jaffrey.

COMPANY A.

Sergeants.

Fred. L. Thomas, 1st .

Woodstock, Va. .

Oct.

1, 1864,

Phys. exhaust.

Natl. Cem., Winches-
ter, Va., No. 1196.

Almon G. Tierce, 1st .

Carrollton, La.

June

8, 1864,

Typhoid-fever,

Dublin.

Corporal.

Asaph W. Pierce .

Poolesville, Md. .

Jan.

21, 1863,

Typhoid-fever,

Dublin.

Privates.

Carruth, Thomas H.

Carrollton, La.

June

14, 1864,

Chr. diarrhoea,

Carrollton, La.

Chamherlaii), Ira B.

Hilton Head, S.C. .

22, 1865,

Chr. diarrhoea,

Natl. Cem., Beaufort,
B.C., No. 1404.

Crowninshield, A. C. .

Philadelphia, P. .

Nov.

6, 1864,

Chr. diarrhoea,

N.Cem., Philadelphia,
Pcnn., No. 113.

Crowninshield, Daniel,

Salisbury, N.C.

28, 1864,

Starvation

Natl Cem., Salisbury,
N.C.

Dunn, Nohle T. .

Keene

Sept.

8, 1864,

Chr. diarrhoea,

Woodlawn C, Keene.

Evans, Stephen W.

Richmond, Va.

Nov.

28, 1864,

Unknown

N'l Cem., Richmond,
Va., No. 358.

Holt, Russell T. .

Washington, D.C.

June

21, 1863,

Typhoid-fever,

Sullivan.

Keith, Fay .

Jefferson Bar., Mo.

Sept.

9, 1S64,

Chr. diarrhoea,

N'l C, Jefferson Bar.,
Mo., No. 3385.

Knowlton, Charles

Poolesville, Md. .

Jan.

20, 1863,

Typhoid-fever,

Marlborough.

Leach, Albert G. .

Washington, D.C.

May

31, 1863,

Typhoid-fever,

East Westmoreland.

Leach, Charles H.

Poolesville, Md. .

Jan.

23, 1863,

Typhoid-fever,

East Westmoreland.

Nims, Edwin I.

Offutt'sC.Rd's.Md.

Dec.

17, 1862,

Typhoid-fever,

Sullivan.

Folley, Gilbert C.

Washington, D.C.

Nov.

18, 1863,

Chr. diarrhoea,

Hinsdale.

Spaulding, Henry D. .

Natchez, Miss.

July

11, 1864,

Chr. diarrhoea,

Natl. Cem., Natchez,
Miss., No. 120.

Starkey, William S. .

Washington, D.C.

May

13, 1863,

PI. -pneumonia,

Westmoreland.

Total . . 18

COMPANY B.

Corporal.

William R. Dunham .

Marlow .

Jan.

10, 1865,

Chr. diarrhoea,

Marlow.

Privates.

Barker, William A.

Washington, D.C

July

28, 1863,

Typhoid -fever,

Walpole.

Bosworth, William J. .

Washington, D.C.

Jan.

19, 1864,

Pneumonia

Springfield, Vt.

Bragg, Willard E. S. .

Washington, D.C.

Aug.

19, 1864,

Chr. diarrhoea,

Natl. Cem., Arlington
Va., No. 8319.

French, Henry C. .

Poolesville, Md. .

Feb.

16, 1863,

Measles.

Gates, Benjamin, 2d

Washington, D.C.

Dec.

14, 1863,

Heart-disease .

Walpole.

Gee, Samuel O.

David's Isl'd, N.Y.

Sept.

30, 1864,

Chr. diarrhoea,

N'lCem.,CypressHill,
N.Y., No. 1970.

DEATHS BY DISEASE.

413

Table IV. Company B Continued.

Name.

Where Died.

When.

Cause.

Where Buried.

Hasham, John

Washington, D.C.

July

31, 1863,

Typhoid-fever,

Charlestown.

Hooper, Henry H.

Walpole

Dec.

31, 1864,

Chr. diarrhoea,

Walpole.

Livingston, Edward H.

Poolesville, Md. .

Feb.

16, 1863,

Measles.

Walpole.

Pierce, Jacob 8. .

Walpole

Dec.

27, 1863,

Consumption .

Walpole.

Putnam, Orson D.

Natchez, Miss.

July

22, 1864,

Chr. diarrhoea.

Richardson, Levi G.

New- York City .

Aug.

22, 1864,

Chr. diarrhoea,

N.Cem. .Cypress nill,
N.Y., No. 2083.

Shepard, Harvey E.

Libby Prison, Rich-

mond, Va. .

Nov.

20, 1S64,

Diphtheria.

Tyler, William E.

Washington, D.C.

May

29, 1863,

Typhoid-fever.

Total . . 15

COMPANY C.

Luther M. Parker, Sergt.

Savannah, Ga.

June

30, 1865,

Typhoid-fever,

Natl. Cem., Beaufort,
8.C., No. 4898.

Brooks, Amos W.

Annapolis Jet., Md.

Jan.

14, 1865,

Chr. diarrhoea,

Fitzwilliam.

Doolittle, Edward

Poolesville, Md. .

March 10, 1863,

Typhoid-fever,

Swanzey.

Healey, D. Brainard

Hampton, Va.

Aug.

28, 1864,

Consumption .

Swanzey.

Holman.Thos. F.,Corpl,

Fitzwilliam .

July

30, 1865,

Chr. diarrhoea,

Fitzwilliam.

Privates.

Lillie, Levi N.

David's Isl'd.N.Y.

Sept.

16, 1864,

Cypress Hills, N.Y.,
No. 1881.

Mason, Charles A.

Washington, D.C.

7, 1863,

Diphtheria.

Spaulding, Dauphin

Washington, D.C.

Feb.

7, 1864,

Typhoid-fever,

East Sullivan.

Spooner, Lyman .

Savannah, Ga.

July

7, 1S65,

Remit'nt-fever,

Natl. Cem., Beaufort,
S.C., No. 1399.

Btockwell, George H. .

Troy . .

July

20, 1S63.

Thatcher, Willard E. .

Offutt'sC.R'ds.Md.

Jan.

3, 1863,

Typhoid-fever,

Offutt's Cross Roads.

Walton, Robert

Savannah, Ga.

June

24, 1865,

Typhoid-fever,

Natl. Cem., Beaufort,
S.C., No. 1397.

Wilcox, Henry E.

Gilsum .

Jan.

24, 1864,

Consumption .

Winchendon, Mass.

Total . . 13

COMPANY D.

Stark Fellows, Lieut. .

Ft. Taylor, Key

West, Fla. .

May 23, 1864,

Congest, brain,
yellow-fever,

Sandown.

Privates.

Brocklebank, Geo. A.

Savannah, Ga.

May 10, 1865,

Typhoid-fever.

Choate, John

Savannah, Ga.

June 13, 1865,

Typhoid-fever,

Natl. Cem., Beaufort,
S.C, No. 1401.

Emery, Warren H.

Natchez, Miss.

July 25, 1864,

Chr. diarrhoea.

Foster, James F. .

Howard, George A. .

Hilton Head, S.C.

6, 1865,

Heart-disease .

Hilton Head, S.C.

Janvrin, William T. .

Savannah, Ga.

April 15, 1865,

Chr. diarrhoea,

Natl. Cem., Beaufort,
S.C, No. 1403.

Jones, Sylvester .

Washington, D.C.

March 13, 1863,

Anosarca

Natl. Cem., Soldiers'
Home, D.C, No.150.

Mills, James F. .

Natchez, Miss.

June 29, 1S64,

Typhoid-fever.

Morrill, Frank P.

Winchester, Va. .

Nov. 18, 1864,

Typhoid-fever.

Randall, John E. .

Cincinnati, O.

Aug. 31, 1864,

Chr. diarrhoea,

Natl. Cem., Spring

Total . .11

Grove, No. 309.

414

FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Table IV. Continued.
COMPANY E.

Name.

Where Died.

When.

Cause.

Where Buried.

Sergeants.
Hiram J. Rounds .

Lewis P. Sumners

Walter Buck .

Corporals.
Isaac R. Smith
Leland B. Philbrook .

Privates.
Armstrong, Alpheus .
Brown, Harvey R.
Cushman, Horace, 2d .

Gray, Joseph M. .
Jarvis, William .
Lindsey, George II.
Lunn, William M.
Massure, Jonas
Potter, Daniel
Purrington, John .
Quints, George C.
Twitchell, Claudius A.
Veasie, John

Wilder, Edward B.
Total

111

Annapolis, Md.

Washington, D.C.
Baltimore, Md.

New Orleans, La. .
Washington, D.C.

Poolesville, Md. .
Savannah, Ga.

Offutt'sC.R'ds.Md
Offutt'sC.Rd's.Md
Whitefield .
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C.
Baltimore, Md.
Morgan zia, La.
Whitefield .
Offutt'sC.Rd's.Md.
Washington, D.C.

Offutt's C.Rd's, Md.

March 12, 1865,

Aug. 1, 1863,
Sept. 13, 1864,

Aug. 21, 1864,
May 10, 1863.

Sept. 22, 1S64.
Feb. 16, 1863,
June 28, 1865,

Dec. 25,
8,
March 25,
Nov. 9,
Sept. 23,
March 8,
June 11,
March 7,
Dec. 18,
April 20,

1862,
1862,
1865,
1S63,
1863,
1865,
1864,
1865,
1862,
1S63,

Nov. . 30, 1S62,

Result of im-
prisonment .

Typhoid-fever,

Typhoid-fever.

Typhoid-fever,

Typhoid-fever,
Typhoid-fever,

Diphtheria.
Chr. diarrhoea,

Heart-disease,

Typhoid-fever,

Natl. Cem., Annapo-
lis, Md., No. 504.

Natl. Cem., Soldiers'
Home, Wash., D.C.

Bethel, N.C.

Washington, D.C.
Beaufort, S. C, No

4879.
Offutt's Cr. Rd's, Md.
Offutt's Cr. Rd's, Md.
Whitefield.

Washington, D.C.

Stark.

Morgan zia, La.

Whitefield.

Milan.

N. Cem., Soldiers' H.,

Wash., No. 5122.
Offutt's Cr. Rd's, Md.

COMPANY P.

Corporals.

George Norwood .

Lock 21, C. & O.

Canal, Md. .

Oct.

26, 1862,

Drowned

Winchester.

Milton G. Frost .

Poolesville, Md. .

Jan.

18, 1863,

Typhoid-fever,

Milan.

Benjamin Newell, jun. .

Richmond

Oct.

14, 1S64,

Chr. diarrhoea,

Richmond.

Musician.

Denzel T. Swan .

Washington, D.C.

Aug.

3, 1S63,

Typhoid-fever,

Winchester.

Privates.

Andrews, Ethan A.

Milan

Dec.

7, 1864,

Chr. diarrhoea,

Milan.

Henry, Herbert W.

Alexandria, Va. .

Feb.

17, 1864,

Typhoid-fever,

Nat. Cem., Arlington,
Va., No. 6739,

Lampson, Bradford P. .

Savannah, Ga.

9, 1865,

Ship-fever

N.Cem.,Beaufort,S.C.

McClenning, Henry J. .

Washington, D.C.

Aug.

7. 1863,

Typhoid-fever,

Chesterfield.

Thayer, Henry F. .

New Orleans, La..

July

10, 1864,

Small-pox

New Orleans.

Webber, James H.

Harper's F., W.Va.

Feb.

23, 1864,

Measles .

Harper's Ferry.

Total . . 10

COMPANY G.

Sergeant.

Charles D. Emery

Washington, D.C.

Nov.

14, 1863,

Diphtheria

East Jaffrey.

Corporal.

John A. Woodward

New-York City .

Aug.

17, 1864,

Chr. diarrhoea,

Surry.

DEATHS BY DISEASE.

415

Table IV. Company G Continued.

Name.

Where Died.

When.

Cause.

Where Buried.

Privates.
Evans, Frank, jun.
Marvin, Edwin
PhillipS, John
Rand, Leonard
Smith, Charles M.
Smith, Henry A. .
Webber, Conrad .
Total

Poolesville, Md. .
Offutt'sC. R'ds.Md,
Offutt'sC. R'ds.Md.
Camp Parapet, La.
Poolesville, Md. .
Poolesville, Md. .
Salisbury, N.C. .

March 30, 1863,
Dec. 15,1862.
19, 1862,
May 28, 1864,
Jan. 12, 1863,
7, 1863,
Dec. 14, 1864,

Lung-fever
Typhoid-fever,

Typhoid-fever,
Heart-disease .
Typhoid-fever,
Typhoid-fever,
Intermit. -fever,

Iveenc.
Dublin.
Dublin.
Jaffrey.
Rindge.
Rindge.

Nat. Cem., Salisbury,
N.C.

COMPANY H.

Sergeants.

Daniel P. Kilburn

Webster

March V

Typhoid-fever.

Arthur F. Goodrich

Washington, D.C.

Sept.

12, 1863,

Typhoid-fever.

Solomon G. Gale .

Washington, D.C.

28, 1864,

Chr. diarrhoea

Corporal.

John A. Preston .

Washington, D.C.

Oct.

16, 1864,

Chr. diarrhoea.

Privates.

Baker, William H.

Poolesville, Md. .

Feb.

28, 1863,

Typhoid-fever.

Barrett, Joel .

Poolesville, Md. .

24, 1863,

Typhoid-fever.

Call, George .

Washington, D.C.

June

11, 1863,

Congest, brain,

Nat'l Cem., Soldiers'
H., D.C, No. 4773.

Downing, Daniel .

Baltimore, Md.

Feb.

6, 1865,

Chr. diarrhoea,

N. Cem , Loudon P'k,
Md., No. 1076.

Eaton, Moses K. .

Washington, D.C.

Sept.

21, 1863,

Diphtheria.

Edmunds, Charles H. .

At sea .

April

2, 1864,

Small-pox

At sea.

Harrington, David

Poolesville, Md. .

Feb.

23, 1863,

Typhoid-fever.

Idobbs, Fernando .

Warren .

May

17, 1863.

Nichols, Hiram

Washington, D.C.

Jan.

9, 1864,

Pneumonia

Perry, Joseph C. .

Montgomery, Md. .

Nov.

3, 1S62,

Typhoid-fever,

Chichester.

Roby, Gardner .

Offutt'sC.R'ds.Md.

Dec.

19, 1862,

Typhoid-fever.

Smith, Laroy

Washington, D.C.

Aug.

17, 1864,

Chr. diarrhoea,

Nat. Cem., Arlington,
Va., No. 7427.

Straw, Edgar H. .

Washington, 1).<J.

Oct.

20, 1863,

Diphtheria.

Whitefield, George

Sandy Hook, Md. .

Feb.

15, 1864,

Hemorrhage.

Total . . 18

COMPANY I.

Nath. L. Chandler, Capt.
D.J. Pillsbury, 2d Lt. .

Sergeant.
William W. Page

Privates.
Benway, Reuben T.
Brown, Charles .
Burr, Versal E.

Choate, Thomas .
Clough, Francis S.
Crowell, Jonathan
Currier, Henry H.

Dow, Newell T.
Edminster, Thomas B. .
Hoyt, Christopher
Leavitt, Charles H.

Bradford
Washington, D.C.

Newport

Washington, D.C.
Tenallytown, Md. .
Hampton, Va.

Bradford

Poolesville, Md. .
Baltimore, Md.
New Orleans, La. .

Seabrook
Springfield, Mass. .
Bradford
At sea.

Sept. 11, 1864,
Aug. 11, 1S63,

Dec. 22, 1864,

Nov. 12, 1863,

Aug. 11, 1864,

25, 1S64,

1, 1865,
March 21, 1863,
Sept. 8, 1S64,
Dec. 22, 1864,

March 18, 1864,
Oct. 28, 1864,
Dec. 27, 1864,
July 11, 1864,

Diphtheria
Typhoid-fever,

Chr. diarrhoea,

Diphtheria

Typhoid-fever,

Diarrhoea

Diarrhoea
Typhoid-fever,
Diarrhoea
Diarrhoea

Diphtheria
Diarrhoea
Diarrhoea
Malaria-fever .

Newbury.
East Grantham.

North Newport.

Cornish Flat.
Tenallytown, Md.
Nat'l Cem., Hampton,

Va., No. 2256.
Bradford.
East Grantham.
North Newport.
Nat. Cem., Chalmette,

La., No. 6039.
Seabrook.
South Cornish.
Bradford.
At sea.

416

FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Table IV. Company I Concluded.

Name.

Where Died.

When.

Cause.

Where Buried.

Privates.

Lewis, William S.

Washington, D.C.

Jan. 21, 1864,

Pneumonia

Claremont.

Mahier, Peter

Chichester

March 30, 1865,

Diarrhoea

Chichester.

Marshall, Eugene O.

Poolesville, Md. .

Jan. 21, 1S63,

Typhoid-fever,

Bradford.

Miller, Wareham M.

Washington, D.C.

Aug. 23, 1863,

Typhoid-fever,

Plainfleld Plains.

Peck, Philander H.

Poolesville, Md. .

Feb. 18, 1863,

Typhoid-fever,

Newport.

Powers, Elias F. .

Poolesville, Md. .

17, 1863,

Typhoid-fever,

Croydon.

Sanborn. William H. .

Washington, D.C.

3, 1864,

Lung-fever

Seabrook.

Stone, Hiram

Washington, D.C.

Oct. 6, 1864,

Diarrhoea

Cornish Flat.

Watson, William H. H.

Carrollton, La.

May 31, 1864,

Typhoid-fever,

Nat. Com., Chalmette,
La., No. 1,237.

Wilson, Otto

Fort. Monroe, Va.

Aug. 18, 1864,

Malaria-fever .

NatT Cem., Hampton,

Total . . 24

Va., No. 706.

COMPANY K.

Jason D. Snell, 1st Lt. .

Carrollton, La.

April 26, 1S64,

Consumption .

North Pembroke.

Corporals.

Thomas H. Fife .

Offutt'sCr.R'ds.Md.

Dec. 25, 1862,

Typhoid-fever,

North Sandwich.

George M. Glidden

Pembroke

Oct. 18, 1864,

Infl. of bowels,

Pembroke.

Privates.

Adams, Thomas S.

Moultonboro'

Oct. 23, 1862,

Typhoid-fever,

Moultonboro'.

Bryant, Silas J.

Washington, D.C.

Sept. 15, 1863,

Fever

N.C., Soldiers' Home,
Washington, D.C,
No. 5386.

Blake, Henry F. .

Pembroke

March 9, 1864,

Lung- fever

North Pembroke.

Drew, Simon

Washington, D.C.

Oct. 2. 1S63,

Diarrhoea

Pembroke.

Eaton, HielF.

Savannah, Ga.

June 7, 1865,

Typhoid-fever,

Beaufort, S.C., No.

1400.
North Pembroke.

Haggett, Lorenzo D. .

Offutt'sCr.R'ds.Md.

Nov. 29, 1862,

Typhoid-fever,

Huntress, Joseph L.

St'r " Continental,"

July 19, 1864,

Infl. of bowels,

Fortress Monroe, Va.

Prescott, John M.

Offutt'sCr.R'ds.Md.

Nov. 28, 1862,

Fever

Offutt's Cr. R'ds, Md.

Quimtiy, George D.

Offutt'sCr.R'ds.Md.

Dec. 14, 1862,

Typhoid-fever,

Sandwich.

Sawtelie, Benjamin F. .

Carrollton, La.

May 14, 1864,

Infl. of bowels,

Sandwich.

Sinclair, William H. H.

Savannah, Ga.

30, 1865,

Epilepsy .

Nat'l Cem., Beaufort,
S.C., No. 1405.

Smith, Moses L. .

Offutt'sCr.R'ds.Md.

Dec. 8, 1862,

Fever

Sandwich Centre.

Tanner, Edward E.

Poolesville, Md. .

March 19, 1863,

Typhoid-fever,

Sandwich.

Wallace, James M.

Sandwich

Sept. 25, 1863,

Diarrhoea

Sandwich.

Total . . 17

KILLED IN BATTLE.

417

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421

TABLE VI.

WOUNDED.

COMPANY A.

Name.

Action.

Date.

Nature of Wound.

James B. Mason, 1st Lt.

Petersb'g Mine

July

30, 1864,

Gunshot in right-arm near shoulder;
putated.

am-

Russell F. Smith, 2d Lt.

Cedar Creek .

Oct.

19, 1864,

Gunshot in foot, shell-wound in side.

Sergeants.

Fred'k L. Thomas, 1st .

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Slight.

Holland Wheeler .

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Shell wound in side.

Corporaxs

Tyler E. Greenwood .

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Gunshot in both thighs, flesh.

Luke Knowlton, jun. .

Cedar Creek .

19, 1864,

Gunshot in arm, flesh.

George W. Lewis .

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot in hand.

Privates.

Daggett, Albert M.

Cedar Creek .

Oct.

19, 1864,

In shoulder, slight.

Goodnow, Edwin J.

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Gunshot in left arm; amputated.

Greeley, James K.

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot in foot.

Hanrahan, Martin .

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Contusion, shell, slight.

Liscom, Samuel E.

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot in forehead ; shell-w'nd in th

igh.

McCollester, Sumner L.

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot in left-arm.

fierce, William II.

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot in left shoulder.

Kawson, Isaac W..

Cedar Creek .

Oct.

19, 1864,

Gunshot in left shoulder.

Tupper, Alonzo VV.

Cedar Creek .

19, 1864,

Gunshot in left fore-arm, flesh.

Wheeler, Lyman K.

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Shell wound in thigh.

Wtfitcomb, Franklin C.

Cedar Creek .

Oct.

19, 1SG4,

Gunshot in left shoulder.

Total . . 18

COMPANY B.

Sergeants.

Frank 0. Pierce

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Gunshot wound, both ankles; right leg
amputated.

Albert H. Tyrell .

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Shell wound, face, right leg, slight.

Privates.

Cornwell, Richard B. .

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Gunshot wound, knee.

Gates, Henry H. .

Opequan.

19, 1864,

Gunshot wound, right arm, left leg.

Kenyon, David Y.

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Shell wound, contusion, shoulder.

Keyes, George Alfred .

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Shell wound, right hand.

Smith, Erastus

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Shell wound, left knee.

Wright, Charles H.

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot wound, left leg, severe.

Total . . 8

COMPANY C.

Ira Berry, jun., Capt. .
Daniel K. Healey, 1st Lt.

Corporal.
Wright Whitcomb

Opequan .
Ft. Fisher, N.C

Cedar Creek

Sept. 19, 1S64,
Feb. 11, 1865,

Oct. 19, 1864,

Gunshot in body and right arm.
Compound fracture left femur.

Gunshot in left hand.

422

FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Table VI. Company C Continued.

Name.

Action.

Date.

Nature of Wound.

Privates.
Combs, Carroll L. .
Cummings, Joseph W. .
Dyer, Peter .
Gallagher, Frank .
Harris, Daniel
Richardson, Delavan C.
Stone, Stillmun 8. .
Whitcomb, Darius H.
Total . . 11

Cedar Creek
Opequan .
Opequan .
Opequan .
Cedar Creek
Cedar Creek
Cedar Creek
Opequan .

Oct.

Sept.

Oct.

Sept.

19, 1864,
19, 1S64,
19, 1864,
19, 1864,
19, 1864,
19, 1864,
19, 1864,
19, 1864,

Gunshot in foot and right hand.

In right lung.

Gunshot, right thigh, flesh.

Gunshot under right ear.

Gunshot in thigh.

Gunshot in right side.

Gunshot in right side and right fore-arm.

Gunshot, left thigh, flesh.

COMPANY

Elhridge D. Hadley, Lt.

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Gunshot, lower jaw fracture.

John N. Bruce, Lt.

Cedar Creek .

Oct.

19, 1864,

Gunshot, neck, flesh.

Sergeant.

Joseph V. Bowie .

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Shell, chest, contusion.

Corporal.

Stephen M. Wilson

Cedar Creek .

Oct.

19, 1864,

Hand.

Privates.

Breed, Enoch W. .

Cedar Creek .

Oct.

19, 1864,

Gunshot in hand.

Brown, Ira E.

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Gunshot in right thigh, flesh.

Gillespie, James A.

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Left leg, flesh.

Hamilton, William L. .

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot in head and thigh.

Janvrin, John S. .

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot in neck, flesh.

Mayo, Joseph

Cedar Creek .

Oct.

19, 1864,

Gunshot in right elbow, fracture ; ampu-
tation.

Morrill, James

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Gunshot in left leg, flesh.

Muzzey, Warren H.

Cedar Creek .

Oct.

19, 1864,

Thigh.

Oshorn, Jesse B. .

Cedar Creek .

19, 1864,

Gunshot in left arm.

Swett, George W. .

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Gunshot in both legs.

White, Philander C.

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot in right leg, flesh.

Total . . 16

COMPANY" E.

Corporals.

Thomas J. Lary .

Cedar Creek .

Oct.

19, 1864,

Left leg.

William A. Willis .

Cedar Creek .

19, 1864,

Gunshot in right shoulder.

Privates.

Bean, Caleb F.

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Gunshot in left arm, flesh.

Colby, Moses .

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Shell, left leg.

Curtis, Moses S. .

Opequan . .

19, 1864,

Shell, chest, flesh.

Elliott, Benjamin F.

Cedar Creek .

Oct.

19, 1864,

Shell, contusion in side.

Holbrook, Koswell

Cedar Creek .

19, 1864,

Gunshot in head, slight.

Lary, Andrew J. .

Cedar Creek .

19, 1864,

Gunshot in left leg.

MeFarland, Loring

Cedar Creek .

19, 1864,

Gunshot in great toe.

Orcutt, John D. .

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Gunshot in left leg, right breast, shell.

Whipp, Charles A.

Cedar Creek .

Oct.

19, 1864,

Gunshot in right arm.

Total . . 11

Sergeant.
George G. Martin .

Corporals.
Francis H. Buflum

Verwill Q. D. Murdock,

Opequan ,

Opequan .
Cedar Creek
Opequan .

Sept. 19,1864,

Sept. 19, 1S64,
Oct. 19, 1864,
Sept. 19,1864,

Gunshot in ankle, slight.

Shell wound upon the hip. slight.
Gunshot in shoulder, severe.
Concussion of shell in breast, slight.

WOUNDED IN BATTLE.

423

Table VI. Company F Continued.

Name.

Action.

Date.

Nature of Wound.

Privates.

Bolton, James H. .

Opequan .

Sept. 19, 1864,

Gunshot in right shoulder.

Britton, Frederick P. .

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot in breast and hand.

Cummings, William J. .

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot in left elbow ; amputated.

Davis, Murray

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Grape-shot in left leg below the knee;
amputated.

Hill, Taylor E.

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Concussion of shell in shoulder.

Lambert, Perrin .

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot in right shoulder and lung.

Merrifield, Frank B.

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot in right shoulder.

Morey, William A.

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot through left breast.

Morse, James W. .

Opequan .

19, 1864.

Gunshot in thigh ; amputated.

Perry, George F. .

Cedar Creek .

Oct. 19, 1864,

Gunshot in left hip and back.

Thayer, Edward F.

Cedar Creek .

19, 1864,

Slight.

Tuttle, John B. .

Opequan .

Sept. 19,1864,

Gunshot in foot and left hand.

Ward, George P. .

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot, right thigh, slight.

Total . . 16

COMPANY G.

J. W. Sturtevant, 1st Lt.

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Shell wound in right fore-arm; gunshot
wound in left thigh.

Privates

Craig, Allen A.

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot w'nd in little finger ; amputation.

Doolittle, Joseph S.

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot w'nd destroying thumb rt. hand.

Green, James

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot wound in foot.

Hardy, Sanford S. .

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot wound, entering right eye.

Hatch, Herbert C. .

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot wound in hip.

Jerry, Amiell

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot wound in right arm.

Kelleher, Timothy

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Right hip.

Morey, Albert L. .

Cedar Creek .

Oct.

19, ]864,

Shell wound in left knee.

Pierce, Albert S. .

Fisher Hill .

Sept.

22, 1864,

Severe contusion in head by Minie-ball.

Pollard, Ivers E. .

Cedar Creek .

Oct.

19, 1864,

Gunshot wound in lower jaw.

Riley, Michael

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Gunshot wound in left shoulder; shell
wound in left hand.

Smith, Royal W. .

Cedar Creek .

Oct.

19, 1864,

Shell wound in left ankle.

Spaulding, Austin A. .

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Gunshot w'nd in right thigh, lower third.

Total . . 14

COMPANY H.

W. H. Sargent, 1st Lt. .

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Gunshot in right arm near elbow.

D. A. Macurdy, 1st Lt. .

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot in right foot.

M. M. Holmes, 2d Lt. .

Cedar Creek .

19, 1864,

Slight, in head.

Corporals.

Amos C. Bailey

Cedar Creek .

Oct.

19, 1864,

Gunshot in left shoulder.

George M. Barnard

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Gunshot in back, flesh.

Alonzo P. Chamberlain,

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot wound in left leg.

Corser P. Hamilton

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot in leg.

Privates.

Clement, Charles H.

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Concussion of shell in back.

Dolloff, Levi .

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot in left leg above knee.

Hastings, Lyman B.

Opequan .

19, 1864.

Keegan, John

Opequan .

19, 1864.

Libby, George A. .

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot in right hip, slight.

Mangan, Dennis

Cedar Creek .

Oct.

19, 1864,

Sabre wound.

Merrill, Artemas W.

Cedar Creek .

19, 1864,

Finger of left hand.

Morse, John D.

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Shell wound in side; gunshot in leg.

Moulton, Freeman

Cedar Creek .

Oct.

19, 1864,

Gunshot in left foot.

Norwood, John E.

Opequan.

Sept.

19, 1864,

Gunshot in left arm.

Pierce, Edward E.

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Lost little finger of left band.

Varney, John S. .

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Slightly.

Ward, James 0. .

Opequan .

19, 1864.

Gunshot in right thigh.

Williams, Simeon .

Opequan .

19, 1864.

Total . . 21

424

FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Table VI. Concluded.
COMPANY I.

Name.

Action.

Date.

Nature of Wound.

Sergeant.

Benjamin F. Pierce

Cedar Creek .

Oct.

19, 1864,

Gunshot in right ankle, fracture.

Corporal.

Marcus M. Lane .

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Gunshot in left hand and right hip.

Privates.

Barker, Frederick L. .

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Right thigh, severe.

Belanger, Alphonzo

Cedar Creek .

Oct.

19, 1864,

Gunshot in thigh.

Barton, Ziba C.

Cedar Creek .

19, 1864,

Gunshot in chest.

Howard, Wilbur F.

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Gunshot in right leg, amputated.

Huntoon, Ransom .

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot in right thigh and left heel.

Mitchell, Oliver .

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot in legs, flesh.

Murphy, John

Cedar Creek .

Oct.

19, 1864,

Arm.

Shellan, Maurice .

Cedar Creek .

19, 1864,

Side.

Stanley, Clarence .

Cedar Creek .

19, 1864,

Gunshot in leg.

Whittaker, Benjamin .

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Left thigh.

Welch, William .

Cedar Creek .

Oct.

19,1864,

Gunshot in left arm.

Total . . 13

COMPANY K.

Oliver H. Marston, Capt.

Cedar Creek .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Gunshot in left arm, flesh.

Sergeants.

James H. Gilman, 1st .

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Slight.

Octavius C. Mason

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Gunshot wound in arm, slight.

Corporals.

Jeremiah S. Smith .

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Left shoulder fracture.

Samuel F. Beede .

Cedar Creek .

Oct.

19, 1864,

Gunshot, left rib fracture.

Privates.

Buzzell, Fbenezer M. .

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Gunshot in head, slight.

Buzzell, Ransom D.

Fisher's Hill .

22, 1S64,

Gunshot wound in scalp.

Emerson, James .

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Shell, left leg, gunshot in thigh, flesh.

Fowler, Trueworthy

Opequan .

19, 1864,

Shell in back.

Glogget, Enos

Cedar Creek .

Oct.

19, 1864,

Gunshot in thumb.

Haggett, Benjamin B. .

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Gunshot in right thigh, left leg, flesh.

Henry, Lewis

Cedar Creek .

Oct.

19, 1864,

Shoulder.

Kent, John

Cedar Creek .

19, 1864,

Gunshot, slight wound in neck.

Magoon, Asa .

Cedar Creek .

19, 1864,

Gunshot in elbow.

Nelson, John W. .

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Gunshot in left foot.

Quimby, William F.

Cedar Creek .

Oct.

19, 1864,

Shell in left hip.

Robinson, Samuel D. .

Opequan .

Sept.

19, 1864,

Gunshot in left wrist.

Smith, Samuel S. .

Opequan .

19, 1864.

Total . . 18

CAPTURED.

425

TABLE VII.

CAPTURED.

Name.

Co.

Where

Captured.

When.

Where Confined.

Paroled or Exchanged.

K. F. Smith, 2d Lt.

Cedar Creek .

Oct. 19, '64,

Libby Prison and
Danville, N.C.

Feb. 22, 1865.

Crowninshield, D. .

Opequan .

Sept. 19, '64,

Salisbury, N.C.

Died at Salisbury Nov.

28, 1864.
Died at Richmond, Nov.

Evans, Stephen W.

Cedar Creek .

Oct. 19, '64,

Richmond, Va. .

28, 1864.

Adams, Lewis

Newm'ket, Va.

Sept. 26, '64,

Libby Prison and
Belle Isle, Va.

Paroled Nov. 1, 1864.

Shepard, H. E.

Cedar Creek .

Oct. 19, '64,

Libby Prison

Died in prison.

Stone, Seamon A. .

Opequan .

Sept. 19, '64,

Libby Prison and
Belle Isle, Va.

Oct. 8, 1864.

Beckman, Francis .

Opequan .

Sept. 19, '64,

Libby Prison and
Belle Isle, Va.

Paroled Oct. 7, 1864.

Thurston, Peleg B.

Opequan .

19, '64,

Libby Prison and
Belle Isle, Va.

Paroled Oct. 7, 1864.

H. J. Rounds, Sergt.

Near Winches-
ter, Va.

Aug. 15, '64,

Libby Prison

Exch. Died at Annapo-
lis, Md., March 12, '65.

Elliot, Benj. F.

Cedar Creek .

Oct. 19, '64,

Libby Prison

Exchanged Feb. 15, 1865.

T. A. Ripley, Capl.

Cedar Creek .

Oct. 19, '64,

Libby Prison and
Danville, N.C.

March, 1865.

Farr, Chauncey S. .

Cedar Creek .

Oct. 19, '64,

Libby Prison and
Salisbury, N.C.

Feb. 27, 1865.

Snell, David .

Cedar Creek .

Oct. 19, '64,

Never heard from.

Kelleher, Timothy,

Opequan .

Sept. 19, '64,

Libby Prison and
Belle Isle, Va.

Paroled Oct. 2, 1864.

Sullivan, Kerry J. .

Cedar Creek .

Oct. 19, '64,

Libby Prison and
Danville, N.C.

March, 1865.

Webber, Conrad .

Opequan .

Sept. 19, '64,

Salisbury, N.C. .

Died in prison.

Mitchell, Lewis

Cedar Creek .

Oct. 19, '64,

Supposed to have died in

prison.

Ward, James 0. .

Opequan .

Sept. 19, '64,

Woodstock, Va.

Recaptured Oct. 19, 1864.

Knights, Alonzo .

Opequan .

Sept. 19, '64,

Libby Prison and
Belle Isle, Va.

Paroled Oct. 2, '64. Ex-
changed Nov. 15, 1864.

Mehier, Peter .

Opequan .

19, '64,

Libby Prison and
Salisbury, N.C.

Paroled Oct. 8, 1864.

Osgood, Wm. T. .

Cedar Creek .

Oct. 19, '64,

Paroled Nov. 25, 1864.

Page, John M.

Opequan .

Sept. 19, '64,

Libby Prison and
Belle Isle, Va.

Paroled Oct. 2, '64. Ex-
changed Nov. 15, 1864.

Tasker, George

Opequan . .

19, '64,

Libby Prison and
Salisbury, N.C.

Paroled Oct. 8, 1864.

Lee, William .

'k,

Opequan .

Sept. 19, *64.

Taylor, l'eter .

Cedar Creek .

Oct. 19, '64.

Total . 25

426

FO UR TEE NTH NE W HA MP SHIRE.

TABLE VIII.

DEATHS SINCE DISCHARGE.

FIELD, STAFF, AND NON-COMMISSIONED STAFF.

Name.

Where Died.

When.

Cause.

Place of Burial.

Robert Wilson

Tileston A. Barker
Elihu Thayer Kowe
George D. Richardson,
Total . . 4

Keene .

Keene.

Auburnd'le, Mass.
Hilo, Sandwich I.

April 8, 1870,

Dec. 7, 1879,
March 21, 1867,
June 1, 1869,

Fatty degenera-
tion of liver .
Cancer .
Consumption .
Consumption .

Keene.

Westmoreland.

Kingston.

Hilo, Sandwich Isl'ds.

COMPANY A.

Henry M. Staples .

Keene .

Oct. 21, 1876,

Killed on loco.,

Woodland Ce., Keene.

Privates.

Amsden, John

Ashfield, Mass. .

Consumption .

Ashfield, Mass.

Benton, Frank G. .

Keene .

June 23, 1881,

Brain disease,
(sunstroke),

Surry.

Bishop, William .

New-York City,

March 23, 1878,

Diptheria

Hinsdale.

Burgess, Charles H.

Brookline .

Jan. 31, 1881,

Kil. in sawmill,

Brookline.

French, Preston L.

Boston, Mass. .

Aug. 23, 1879,

East Jaffrey.

Greenwood, E. Tyler .

Akron, O. .

Nov. 19, 1876,

Consumption .

Leominster, Mass.

Pratt, William L. .

Westmoreland .

25, 1867,

Kil. by thresh-
ing-machine .

Westmoreland.

Richardson, Milo J.

St. Albans, Vt. .

Oct. 31, 1871,

Consumption .

Chesterfield Factory.

Tupper, Alonzo W.

Millers F'ls.Mass.

June 2, 1874,

Consumption .

Millers Falls.

Whittemore, Curtis A.

Fitchburg, Mass.

Sept. 11, 1867,

Typhoid fever,

Troy.

Winchester, Sidney P.

Walpole

Oct. 22, 1865,

Epilepsy .

East Westmoreland.

Total . . 12

COMPANY B.

Sergeant.

Albert H. Tyrell .

Springfield, Vt. .

April 29, 1866,

Consumption .

Springfield, Vt.

Corporal.

George R. Knapp

Savannah, Ga. .

July 23, 1867,

Congest, chills,

Savannah, Ga.

Privates.

Blake, Ira E.

Surry .

Sept. 27,1877,

Consumption .

Surry.

Corbin, Charles N.

Concord

July 29, 1865,

Typhoid fever,

Charlestown.

Emerson, Bellows

Leorainst'r, Mass.

Farnsworth, John S. .

Brooklyn, N. Y.

March 28, 1880,

Inflam. bowels,

Walpole.

Gassett, Daniel

Acworth

Sept. 30, 1873,

Consumption .

Acworth.

Kreatzer, John F.

Walpole

Feb. 9, 1882,

Heart disease .

Walpole.

Marshall, Harlan P.

_ -

Parks, Fred S.

Charlestown

June 9, 1872,

Consumption .

Charlestown.

Powers, James F.

Marlow

July 2, 1866,

Consumption .

Marlow.

Total . . 11

DEATHS SINCE DISCHARGE.

427

Table VIII. Continued.
COMPANY C.

Name.

Where Died.

When.

Cause.

Place of Burial.

Charles H. Barrett

Stoddard .

Killed.

Privates.

Balch, Perley E. .

Keene .

Aug.

16, 1866,

Fell from load
of hay .

Keene.

Barden, Hiram

Keene .

June

15, 1879,

Rheumatism of
heart

Old Cemetery, Keene.

Blodgett, Edmund

Fitchburg, Mass.

Bolio, Theodore .

Burlington, Vt. .

May

30, 1869,

Burlington.

Capron, George I.

Harris, Daniel

Fitzwilliam

June

6, 1872,

Poisoning

Fitzwilliam.

Hastings, Emery .

Keene.

Feb.

11, 1873,

Chr. diarrhoea,

Keene.

Osborn, Daniel P.

Fitzwilliam

Nov.

27, 1871,

- -

Fitzwilliam.

Slyrleld, Daniel .

Keene .

1866,

Lung-fever

Keene.

Thayer, John 8. .

West Swanzey .

Chr. diarrhoea.

Thomas, Dexter H.

Swanzey

Consumption .

Swanzey.

Thompson, Cyrus H. .

Keene .

Jan.

27, 1867,

Scia. rheumat.

Troy.

Wheelock, Lincoln

Swanzey

Typhoid-fever.

Total . . 14

COMPANY D

JohnN. Brown, Id Lt.

Seabrook .

Oct.

17, 1881,

Bright's dis. .

Hampton.

Sergeant.

John C. Perkins .

Hampton .

Feb.

5, 1875,

Consumption .

Hampton.

Corporal.

Samuel 8. Page .

Hampton .

Nov.

15, 1866,

Consumption .

Hampton.

Private b.

Clark, Frank J. .

Bradford .

Consumption .

Clough, Oliver G. .

Deering

July

21, 1877,

Lockjaw .

East Deering.

Crane, Simon J. .

Concord

Nov.

23, 1880,

Consumption .

West Concord.

Day, James G.

East VVeare

Dec.

6, 1865,

Consumption .

Dow, Alfred B. .

Amesbury, Mass.

1875,

Consumption .

Seabrook.

Hamilton, William L. .

East Weare

Chr. diarrhoea .

East Weare.

Hodgdon, George W. .

Haverhill, Mass.

Jan.

17, 1877,

Bright's dis. .

Newton.

McCormick, Bernard .

Kowell, Amos

Kensington

Aug.

9, 1865,

Lung-fever

Kensington.

Schofleld, James .

Soldiers' Home,
Togus, Me.

1876,

Selley, Robert M. W. .

Deering

April

22, 1867,

Typhoid-fever,

East Deering.

Titcomb, Henry H.

Ins. Asy. Conc'd,

Willard, George S.

Monson, Mass. .

Killed on ele-

Total . . 16

vator.

COMPANY E

Freed. M. Rhodes, Capt.

Bridgewater, Vt.

Jan. 8, 1881,

Hemorrhage.

John E. Willis, 2d Lt. .

Gorham

R.R. accident .

Gorham.

Privates.

Day, John G.

Gorham

May 19, 1881.

Ford, George VV. .

Jordan, Thomas J.

Berlin .

Knight, Calvin J. .

Stark .

1881,

Falling of tree.

Lane, Henry A. .

Beaufort, S.C. .

Nat. Cem. Beaufort, S.C.

McFarland, Loring

Stark .

Aug., 1866,

Fever

Stark.

Sherwood, William

Littleton .

Oct. 14, 1877,

Heart-disease .

Underwood, Jesse

Dalton

1873.

Webb, George F. .

Gorham

Feb. 24, 1879,

Heart-disease .

Total . . 11

428

FOURTEENTH NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Table VIII. Continued.
COMPANY F.

Name.

Where Died.

When.

Cause.

Place of Burial.

Theod. A. Ripley, Capt.

Emanuel Co., Ga.

July

23, 1866,

Killed by " Ku-
Klux".

Winchester.

John H. Goodwin, Lt. .

Newark, N.J. .

June

27, 1881,

Chr. diarrhoea,

Soldiers' Cem.,Newark.

Sergeant.

James 8. Stoddard

Millbury, Mass. .

March 30, 1872,

Consumption .

Millbury, Mass.

Corporals.

Henry F. Pratt .

Winchester

Oct.

1, 1866,

Consumption .

Winchester.

Florus H. Wood .

Winchester

Aug.

26, 1871,

Consumption .

Winchester.

Henry A. Wood .

Keene.

15, 1872,

Consumption .

Winchester.

Privates.

Brown, Boarrhvin

Keene .

July

20, 1867,

Chr. gastritis .

Keene.

Bufl'um, Jedediah, jun.

Brattleboro', Vt.

May

12, 1877,

Brain disease .

Winchester.

Cummings, William J. .

Stark .

21, 1881,

Killed on R.R.

Northumberland.

Hayes, Patrick

Ashuelot . ,

21, 1876,

Consumption .

Keene.

Howard, Luther E.

Springfield.Mass.

Dec.

20, 1874,

Consumption .

Springfield, Mass.

Letcher, Edward .

Worcester, Mass.

1870,

Killed in riot.

Lucas, Wesley J. .

Milan .

Pratt, Charles

Gill, Mass. .

Gill, Mass.

Wilson, Jesse

Peterborough .

1867,

Suicide .

Hancock.

Total . . 15

COMPANY G.

Cragin, Chas. 0.,lstLt.

Emporia, Kan. .

Dec*

15, 1877,

Consumption .

Emporia, Kan.

Sergeants.

Leathers, John S., Maj.

Jaffrey

March 2E

Consumption .

Jaffrey.

Lowe, George F. .

Quincy, Fla.

June

18, 1882,

Bilious-fever .

Quincy, Fla.

Privates.

Bartenback, Christop'r,

Jaffrey

Oct.

5, 1876,

Diabetes .

Jaffrey.

Casey, John .

Keene .

May

10, 1877,

Dis. of spine .

Keene.

Craig, Allen A.

Keene .

Aug.

15, 1S74,

Murdered

Keene.

Curtin, David

Westmoreland .

June

6, 1877,

Congest, brain,

Keene.

Doolittle, William A. .

Winchester

Aug.

24, 1882,

Chr. diarrhoea,

Winchester.

Hazen, Edson S. .

Dublin

Oct.

5, 1865,

Consumption .

Dublin.

Hurd, Cyrus .

Camago, Bl.

June

6, 1S79,

Lungfever

Camago, Bl.

Lewis, William H.

Winchester

May

5, 1881,

Pneumonia

Winchester.

Pettes, James E. .

Winchendon

Sept.

5, 1871,

Consumption .

Winchendon, Mass.

Prescott, Oren D. .

Jaffrey

Dec.

30, 1875,

Scarlet-fever .

Jaffrey.

Richardson, George W.

Passedena, Cal. .

March 17, 1881,

Chr. diarrhoea,

Passedena, Cal.

Robbins, Alfred J.

Jaffrey

June

25, 1866,

Consumption .