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from  the  library  of 

DOROTHY  WHITELOCK 

EIrington  &  Bosworth  Professor 

of  Anglo-Saxon 

University  of  Cambridge 


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RERUM  BRITANNICARUM  MEDll  MVl 

SCRIPTORES, 


OR 


CHRONICLES  AND  MEMORIALS  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN 

AND  IRELAND 


DURING 


THE  MIDDLE  AGES. 


82941.  .    a 


r 


THE  CHBONICLES  AND  HEUOBIALS 

OF 

GREAT  BRITAIN  AND  IRELAND 

DURING  THE  MIDDLE  AGES. 

PUBLISHED    BY   TiTK   AUTHOEITY   OF   HEK   WAJK&ri-'s    TKEASUKY,    UNDER 
THE   DlRXvCTION   OF   THE  MASTER   OF   TUB   KOLLS. 


On  the  26th  of  January  1857,  the  Master  of  the  Rolls 
submitted  to  the  Treasury  a  proposal  for  the  publication 
of  materials  for  the  History  of  this  Country  from  the 
Invasion  of  the  Romans  to  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII. 

The  Master  of  the  Rolls  suggested  that  these  materials 
should  be  selected  for  publication  under  competent 
editors  without  reference  to  periodical  or  chronological 
arrangement,  without  mutilation  or  abridgment,  prefer- 
ence being  given,  in  the  first  instance,  to  such  materials 
as  were  most  scarce  and  valuable. 

He  proposed  that  each  chronicle  or  historical  docu- 
ment to  be  edited  should  be  treated  in  the  same  way  as 
if  the  editor  were  engaged  on  an  Editio  Princeps ;  and 
for  this  purpose  the  most  correct  text  should  be  formed 
fipom  an  accurate  collation  of  the  best  MSS. 

To  render  the  work  more  generally  useful,  the  Master 
of  the  Rolls  suggested  that  the  editor  should  give  an 
account  of  the  MSS.  employed  by  him,  of  their  age  and 
their  peculiarities ;  that  he  should  add  to  the  work  a 
brief  account  of  the  life  and  times  of  the  author,  and 
any  ren^iarks  necessary  to'  explain  the  chronology  j  but 
no  other  note  or  conament  was  to  be  allowed,  except 
what  might  be  necessary  to  establish  the  correctness  of 
the  text. 

a  2 


4 


The  works  to  be  published  in  octavo,  separately,  as 
they  were  finished ;  the  whole  responsibility  of  the  task 
resting  upon  the  editors,  who  were  to  be  chosen  by  the 
Master  of  the  Bolls  with  the  sanction  of  the  Treasury. 

The  Lords  of  Her  Majesty's  Treasury,  after  a  careful 
consideration  of  the  subject,  expressed  their  opinion  in  a 
Treasury  Minute,  dated  February  9,  1867,  that  the  plan 
recommended  by  the  Master  of  the  Rolls  '*was  well 
calculated  for  the  accomplishment  of  this  important 
national  object,  in  an  effectual  and  satisfactory  manner, 
within  a  re^asonable  time,  and  provided  proper  attention  be 
paid  to  economy,  in  making  the  detailed  arrangements, 
without  unnecessary  expense." 

They  expressed  their  approbation  of  the  proposal  that 
each  Chronicle  and  historical  document  should  be  edited 
in  such  a  manner  as  to  represent  with  all  possible  correct- 
ness the  text  of  each  writer,  derived  from  a  collation  of 
the  best  MSS.,  and  that  no  notes  should  be  added,  except 
such  as  were  illustrative  of  the  various  readings.  They 
suggested,  however,  that  the  preface  to  each  work  should 
contain,  in  addition  to  the  particulars  proposed  by  the 
Master  of  the  Rolls,  a  biographical  account  of  the  author, 
so  far  as  authentic  materials  existed  for  that  purpose, 
and  an  estimate  of  his  historical  credibility  and  value. 

Rolls  House^ 

December  1857. 


MEMORIALS  OF  SAINT  DUNSTAN 

ARCHBISHOP  OF  CANTERBURY. 


EDITED   FROM  VARIOUS  MANUSCRIPTS 


BT 


WILLIAM  STUBBS,  M.A., 

BBOrUS   PROFESSOR  OF   MODERN   HISTORY  AND  FELLOW  OF   ORIEL  COLLEGE,  OXFORD  ; 
80MBTIKE   LIBRARIAN  TO  THE  ARCHBISHOP  OF  CANTERBURY. 


PUBLISHED  BY  THE  AUTHORITT  OF  THE  LORDS  COMMISSIONERS  OV  HER  MAJESTY'S 
TEBABURY.  UNDER  THE  DIRECTION  OF  THE  MASTER  OF  THE  ROLLS. 


LONDON: 

LONGMAN  &  Co.,  and  TRtJBNER  &  Co.,  PATERNOSTER  ROW; 

ALSO  BY  PARKER  &  Co.,  OXFORD ; 

MACMILLAN  &  Co.,  CAMBRIDGE ; 

A.  &  C.  BLACK,  EDINBURGH  ;  and  A.  THOM,  DXJBLIN. 

1874. 


Printed  by 
Etbb  and  Sfotttbwoodb,  Her  Hi^eaty's  Printers. 
For  Her  Majesty's  Stationeiy  Office. 


CONTENTS. 


Page 

Introduction               -           -           -           •            -  vii 

I.  Vita  Sancti  Dunstani,  Auctore  B.    -           -  3 
11.  Epistola  Adelardi  ab  Elfegum  Archiepisgo- 

PDM  de  Vita  Sancti  Dunstani         -            -  53 

m.  Vita  Sancti  Dunstani  Auctore  Osberno     -  69 

Liber  Miraculorum,  Auctore  Osberno  -             -  129 

IV.  Vita  Sancti  Dunstani  Auctore  Eaomero     -  162 

Liber  Miraculorum,  Auctore  Eadmero  -             -  223 

V.  Vita    Sancti  Dunstani,  Auctore    Willelmo 

Maluesberiensi  : — Liber   I.              -            -  251 

Liber  XL              -            -  288 
Vf.  Vita   Sancti  Dunstani  a  J.  Capgravio  Con- 

SCRIPTA             -----  325 
VII.   RSLIQUL£   DUNSTANIAN^  : — 

1.  Epistola  ad  WlflielmumArchiepiscopum    -  354 

2.  Promissio  Regis      .             -             -             -  355 

3.  Cantus  qai  vocatnr  Kyrie  Rex  Spiendens     -  357 

4.  Epistola  Amulfi  ad  DuDstanum        -             *  359 

5.  Epistola  ad  Arnulfum  Comitem        -            -  361 

6.  Epistola  ad  Eadgarum  Begem          -             -  363 

7.  Epistola  Johannis  Papae  XIII.  ad  Eadgarum  364 

8.  Epistola  ad  Eadgarum  Regem          -             -  366 

9.  Epistola  LflRtfrithi  ad  Wintouienses              -  369 

10.  Epistola  ad  Dunstauum  Archiepisoopum      -  370 

11.  Epistola  ad  Duustanum  Arcbiepiscopum      -  372 

12.  Epistola  ad  Dunstanum  Archiepiscopum      -  373 

13.  Epistola  ad  Dunstanum  Arcbiepiscopum     -  374 

14.  Epistola  ad  Dunstanum       -             -             .  376 

15.  Versus       -            -            -            -            -  377 

16.  Epistola  Abbonis  ad  Dunstanum      -            -  378 

17.  Epistola  Widonis  ad  Dunstanum      -             -  380 

18.  Epistola  Commendatoria      -             -             -  381 

19.  Epistola  Falradi  ad  JEtbelgarum     -            -  383 


IV  CONTENTS. 

Page 

20.  Epistola  Odberti  ad  ^thelgarum     -            -  384 

21.  Epistola  B.  ad  iEthelgarum              -            -  385 

22.  Epistola  Odberti  ad  Sigericum         -            -  388 

23.  Epistola  cujusdam  ad  N.      -             -             -  390 

24.  Adventus  Sigerici  ad  Romam          -            -  391 

25.  Epistola  Johannis  papsB  ad  iBlfricum  ducem  396 

26.  Epistola  Johannis  XV"*     -  ,          -            -  397 

27.  Epistola  ad  Sigericum          -            -             -  399 

28.  Epistola  Elfwerdi  Abbatis  ad  Sigericum       -  400 

29.  Epistola  cujusdam  -            -             -             -  404 

30.  Epistola  cujusdam  ad  Wulstanum    -             -  404 

31.  Epistola  Archiepiscopi  cujusdam  ad  Wnlfsi- 

num          -----  406 

32.  Epistola  encyclica  Wulfsini              -             -  408 

33.  Epistola  Wulfrici  ad  Abbonem         -             -  409 

34.  Tria  poemata  Abbonis  ad  Dunstanum           -  410 

35.  Epistola  Eadmeri  ad  Glastonienses  -             -  412 

36.  Epistola  Nicolai  de  matre  Eadwardi  '          -  422 

37.  Versus  Eadmeri  de  Sancto  Dunstano           -  424 

38.  Scrutinium  circa  feretrum  Dunstani             -  426 

39.  Epistola    Willelmi    Warham    ad    abbatem 

Glastoniensem      -            -            -            -  430 

40.  Exemplar  litterarum  abbatis  Glastonisd        -  432 

41.  Exemplar  litterarum   archiepiscopi  ad  ab- 

batem      ----..  436 

VIII.  Fragmenta.  Ritualia  de  Dunstano  : — 

1.  Oratio  ad  Dunstanum          ...  440 

2.  Ad  Dunstanum        -            -             -            -  440 

3.  Hjmnus  de  Sancto  Dunstano  episcopo        -  441 

4.  Missa  de  Sancto  Dunstano  -            -            -  442 

5.  Missa  Sancti  Dunstani^        ....  444 

6.  HorsB  Sancti  Dunstani        ...  445 

7.  Oratio  Anselmi  ad  Dunstanum         -            -  450 

8.  Sermo  de  maxima  laude  Sancti  Dunstani     -  454 

IX.  Collation  of  the  S.  Gall  MS.  337      -            -  458 


^T 


INTRODUCTION. 


INTRODUCTION. 


y 


Among  the  original  sources  of  medieval  history  no  HMoHai 
insignificant  place  belongs  to  the  Acta  Sanctorum.     The  of  the  Lives 
value  of  the  results  which  flow  from  the  study  of  these  swnts. 
monuments  of  devotion  is  not  to  be  estimated  by  their 
direct  bearing  on  narrative  history  any  more  than  by 
the  bulk  of  the  volumes  that  contain  them.     The  Lives 
of  the  Saints  were  not  written  for  the  purpose  of  adding  ' 
to  our  knowledge   of  events,  but   for   the   purpose  of 
arousing  pious  afiection,  admiration  for  holy  men,  and 
devotion  to  the  principles  and  practices  which  they  re- 
presented.    In  some  instances  the  object  was  lower ;  it 
may  have  been  the  mere  desire  of  enlisting  votaries  in 
some  particular  Order,  or  of  drawing  pilgrims  to  some 
particular  shrine.     In  these  cases  the  student  of  bistory 
finds  his  chief  debt  to  these  books  in  the  fact  that  they 
reflect  certain  phases  of  thought  and  character,  illustrate 
certain  lines  of  education   and  illumination,  or  afibrd 
minute  details  of  local  colouring,  which  throw  light  in- 
cidentally on  the  condition  of  society  in  which  they  were 
produced  and  prized. 

But  a  very  large  proportion  of  the  men  whose  lives  Thejare 
have  been  thus   written   owed  the  distinction  to  their  the  uves  of 
services  done  to  mankind.     Even  the  saint  whose  repu- 

,  tation  is  due  apparently  to  the  reported  performance  of 
posthumous  miracles,  must  be  presumed  to  have  been 
really  such  a  person  as  would  be  likely  to  perform  such 

:  acts.  The  ecclesiastical  beatification  is  in  a  vast  majority 
of  cases  the  result  rather  than  the  cause  of  popubu- 
devotion.     Many  of  the  early  biographies  are  thus  con- 


Vlll 


INTRODUCTION, 


Lives  of 
English 
saints  writ- 
ten by 
pupils  or 
contempora- 
ries. 


Importance 
of  incidental 
notices. 


nected  directly  with  history,  because  they  profess  to  be 
the  private  memorials  of  the  lives  of  those  who  are  the 
more  prominent  actors  on  the  historical  stage.  These 
books,  although  it  may  not  be  uniformly  true  that  they 
are  the  necessary  supplements  to  the  chronicles,  are 
always  interesting  and  sometimes  most  valuable. 

Chiefly  is  this  the  case  when,  as- it  has  so  often 
happened  with  the  English  saints,  the  task  of  recording 
the  acts  and  thoughts  of  the  great  men  has  fallen  into 
the  hands  of  disciples  whom  they  themselves  have 
trained,  or  of  contemporaries  who  have  survived  them. 
The  life  of  Wilfild  by  his  disciple  Eddius,  the  poetical 
history  of  the  archbishops  of  York  by  Alcuin,  the  lives 
of  Ethelwold  and  Oswald,^  the  anonymous  life  of  Ed- 
ward the  Confessor,  and  Eadmer's  life  of  Anselm,  are 
the  memorials  of  the  best  men  of  the  time  written  by  the 
best  scholars  of  the  time.  The  best  men  may  have  been 
narrow-minded  and  superstitious,  and  the  best  writers 
may  have  been  ignorant  and  pedantic,  but  the  bigotry 
and  pedantry  of  an  age  in  which  pedants  and  bigots 
ruled,  is  a  necessary  mattet  of  study  to  the  scholar,  who 
would  view  facts  as  they  are,  and  trace  the  gradual 
shining  of  the  light  out  of  the  darkness.  But  although 
such  charges  may  be  sometimes  true,  the  popular  worship 
has  not  generally  been  wasted  on  the  memory  of  selfish 
ascetics,  nor  have  the  works  of  mere  pedants  been,  as  a 
rule,  preserved  and  multiplied  by  an  admiring,  undis- 
criminating  posterity. 

Once  more,  the  incidental  touches  of  fact  which  con- 
stantly show  themselves,  the  "undesigned  coincidences 
that  help  us  to  recognize  and  realize  the  times,  places, 
and  personages  of  history,  the  notices  of  social  life,  of 
international  intercourse^  the  very  fashion  of  style  and 


1  Of  these  the  Life  of  Oswald, 
contained  in  the  Cotton  MS.  NeroE. 
1 ,  has  never  been  printed.  We  may 
hope  for  an  edition  of  it  in  Canon 


Rainess  York  yolumes  of  this  series. 
It  is  an  invaluable  and  almoet  un- 
known evidence  for  the  reigns  of 
Edgar  and  Ethelred. 


INTRODUCTION.  IX 

turn  of  thought,  which   are   mdispensable   to  the  bio-  Tone  of 
grapher,  even  when  he  tries  to  abstract  his  mind  most 
entirely  from   secular   matters,  and   without  which   he 
would  fail  to  find  readers  or  copyists, — these  are  points 
of  no  small  impoi'tance,  where  all  material  is  SQ/Scanty. 

These  considerations  must  be  allowed  due  weight  in  obscurity  of 
reference   to   the   present  volume.     For   the  history  of  centuiy. 
England  in  the  latter  half  of  the  tenth  century  we  have,  by  these 

books* 

except  the  very  meagre  notices  of  the  Anglo  Saxon 
Chronicles,  no  contemporary  materials,  unless  we  admit 
the  lives  of  the  Saints  of  the  Benedictine  revival. 
Florence  of  Worcester,  writing  within  fifty  years  of  the 
Conquest,  could  find  nothing  to  add  to  the  detai]§^of  the 
Chronicle  for  this  period,  except  the  notices  of  Dunstan 
drawn  directly  from  the  biographies  of  the  saint.  The 
light  which  they  shed  is  not  great,  but  it  is  precious  in 
proportion  to  its  scantiness. 

Of  the  importance  of  Dimstan  as  a  historical  personage  importnnco 
there  can  be  no  doubt.  He  was  the  close  friend  and  ^^  "  *  * 
chief  minister  of  Edgar,  the  king  around  whose  name 
the  last  glories  of  the  Anglo  Saxon  kingdoms  circle.  His 
wise  influence,  possibly  his  active  share  in  the  adminis- 
tration, kept  off  the  evil  day  for  ten  or  twelve  years 
after  Edgar's  death.  He  was  canonized  in  popular  re^ 
gard  almost  from  the  day  he  died.  He  was  the  fetvouiite 
saint  of  the  mother  church  of  England  for  more  than  a 
century  and  a  half,  during  which  there  were  numbered 
among  his  successors,  the  scholar  Elfric,  the  martyr 
Elfege,  Lanfranc  the  statesman,  and  Anselm  the  doctor 
and  confessor ;  his  glory  was  at  last  eclipsed,  but  it  was 
by  no  less  a  hero  than  Thomas  Becket.  The  memory  of 
his  greatness  was  permanent,  or  the  belief  in  his  miracles 
would  have  been  impossible.  Of  the  lives  contained  in 
the  present  volume  one  was  written  within  sixteen, 
another  within  twenty-three  years  of  his  death ;  both  of 
these  are  dedicated  to  his  successors,  who  knew  him  well, 
as  being  his  fellow  scholars  or  his  own  disciples.  In  both 
he  appears  as  a  statesman  as  well  as  a  saint.     Neither 


X  INTRODUCTION. 

0 

Eariy  lives  of  them  is  of  any  great  literary  merit ;  neither  writer 
has  troubled  himself  much  with  dates  or  with  the  ad- 
justment of  personal  and  local  relations.  Yet  they 
open  up  several  points  of  historical  and  literary  interest, 
without  which  our  knowledge  of  the  age,  incomplete  as 
it  is,  would  be  more  imperfect  stiU. 

importanco      And  some   such  interest   belongs   also   to   the  later 

of  the  Utter    <«•  t  ,  •ii*ii*i         •  ii 

bi(Ncr»pbie8  biographics ;  especially  in  their  bearing  on  the  sources 
ofCunsfn.  ^f  i^^^^^io^  ^p^^  to  the  historians  who  foUow  the  age 

of  the  Conquest.  The  worke  of  Eadmer  and  William 
of  Malmesbury,  on  secular  history,  are  so  important  that 
every  thing,  that  illustrates  the  history  of  the  writers  is 
important  too  ;  and  the  information  supplied  by  Osbem, 
who  represents  the  Canterbury  traditions  as  they  wei'e 
at  the  eve  of  the  Conquest  and  during  the  period  of 
transition  that  followed  it,  who  himself  witnessed  the 
second  Benedictine  revival  imder  Lanfranc,  and  whose 
book  is  really  the  basis  of  the  work  of  the  two  later 
writers  on  this  subject,  has  a  special  value,  whether  it  be 
regarded  in  connexion  with  or  independently  of  the  work 
of  his  predecessors, 
punofthis  In  the  following  pages  I  shall  attempt  to  say  some- 
tkni.  "^  thing  on  each  of  the  heads  to  which  I  have  referred.  Oui' 
stock  of  knowledge  has  many  bearings,  and  can  scarcely 
be  treated  in  each  of  these  without  much  repetition.  In 
order,  however,  to  make  the  statement  as  brief  as  pos- 
sible, I  will  arrange  my  remarks  in  the  following  order : 
taking  first  the  view  of  our  authorities,  touching  on  their 
narrative  only  so  far  as  it  affects  their  personal  history ; 
secondly,  the  Uteraiy  history  of  the  cycle ;  and  thirdly, 
the  chronology  of  the  life  of  Dunstan ;  noting  at  each 
stage  the  light  shed  by  these  materials  on  the  character 
of  his  career  and  the  history  of  his  times. 
The  first  Dunstan  died  in  988,  and  his  firet  biogi-apher  dedi- 

lograp  y.    ^1^^   jjjg   work   to  Elfric,^  who    ruled    the   church    of 

Canterbury  from  996  to  1006 ;  as  early  as  the  year  1004 


^  See  p.  d ;  *'  cujas  czstitisti  saccessor  in  terrin,''  &e.  p.  5. 


INTRODUCTION. 


XI 


it  had   been   copied   and  a  revised    edition   sent  into  Eariv  pub- 
France ;'   it  had  ab*eady  reached   the   position    of  an  it :  about 

AJD  1006 

approved  work  ;  and  the  date  of  its  composition  may  be 
approximately  stated  as  the  year  1000.     The  writer  was 
qualified   for   the   task    he    undertook  by  personal  ac- 
quaintance with  his  subject,  and  in  two  places  a&serts 
that  he  was  an  eye-witness  of  what  he  relates.*     He 
describes   himself,   with    some   marked    expressions   of 
humility,  as  a  priest,  a  Saxon,  and  by  the  initial  letter 
of  his  name.^     It  seems  {air  to  conclude  from  the  first  of  Question  a^ 
these    indications  that  he  was  not  a  monk.      This  in- author: 
ferenoe  is  borne  out  by  the  general  tone  of  the  work, 
which  is  not  marked  by  any  strong  bias  towards  monastic  not  a  monk ; 
institutions,  and  in  which  scarcely  anything  *  is  said  of 
the  monastic   reformation   in  which  Dunstan   unques- 
tionably took  part.     It   may  be  further   inferred   that, 
although  he  wrote  the  life  of  one  archbishop  of  Canter-  nor  settled 
bury  and  addressed  it  to  another,  he  was  not,  either  as  bury; 
monk  or  priest,  attached  to  the  cathedral   community. 
His  connexion  with  Elfric  was  one  of  charity  alone,*  and, 
although  he  was  able  to  appeal  to  pei^sonal  knowledge 
for  his  details  of  the  daily  life  of  Dunstan,  he  gives  as  nor  a  con- 
authority  for  special  statements  the  information  derived  mmion  or 
£rom  a  circle  of  disciples,  who  may  indeed  have  been  the 
inmost  circle  of  companions,®  but  who  could  not  have 
engrossed  all  the  particular  knowledge  of  a  life,  much  of 
which  must  have    been   lived  in  public,  and  the  less 
public  parts  of  which  must  have  been  transacted  before 
the  eyes  of  the  oiathedral  clerks.     Had  the  writer  been  a 
monk  or  priest  of  Christ  Church,  he  must  have  been  an 
eye-witness  of  much  that  he  seems  to  describe  on  the 


s  « 


See  below,  p.  xxvii. 
vel  videndo  vel  audiendo,  licet 
^'  intellectu  torpenti,  ab  ipso  didice- 
"  ram,"  p.  5 ;  *'  ea  saltim  qns  vei 
•*  egomet  vidi  vel  audivi,*'  p.  49.  • 

3  «  Omnium  extimus  sacerdotmn 
<'  B.  yilisque  Sazomun  indigent," 
p.  3. 


*  Tlic  only  important  passage  is 
ut  p.  25  ;  and  it  will  be  disciu^sed 
further  on. 

*  "  sola  septus  connexioue  cari 
«  tatis,"  p.  5. 

«  Pp.  5,  49,  52. 


Xll 


INTRODUCJTION. 


Possibly 
connected 
with  S.  Au« 
gustine's. 


He  was  a 
Saxon. 


Was  he  an 

English 

Baxonf 


evidence  of.  others.  The  fact  that  two  of  the  three 
MSS.  in  which  his  work  is  preserved  are  connected  with 
S.  Augustine's,  may  point  to  that  monastery  as  the 
temporary  home  of' the  writer,  but  a  settled  monk  of 
S.  Augustine  8  would  scarcely  have  spoken  of  his  house 
as  "  aedicula." 

A  second  note  of  personal  identity  may  be  sought  in 
his  account  of  himself  as  "  vilis  Saxonum  indigena." 
,The  question  arises  immediately,  whether  we  are  to 
understand  by  this  an  insular  or  a  continental  Saxon. 
The  internal  evidence  of  the  book  is  not  decisive.  In 
one  place  the  writer  speaks  of  the  harp  as  a  musical 
instrument  "quam  lingua  patema  hearpan  vocamus";^ 
in  another  he  mentions  the  city  of  Bath  as  "  quern  incolde 
''  locum  sub  patema  lingua  Bathum  soliti  sunt  appel- 
"  lare ;  "*  in  another  he  represents  the  mysterious  person 
whom  he  connects  closely  with  the  murder  of  king  Ed- 
mund, as  declaring  **  voce  Saxonica  se  ex  orientis  regni 
"  partibus  esse  "  *  It  is  possible  that  in  these  passages 
he  speaks  as  an  Englishman  of  the  tenth  century  might 
be  expected  to  speak,  that  he  describes  his  own  language 
as  "  patema  lingua,"  and  by  the  word  "  Saxonica "  im- 
plies the  common  dialect  of  the  South  of  England.  The 
nation,  however,  is  spoken  of  as  "gens  Anglorum,"*  tiie 
king  as  the  "rex  Anglorum,"^  England  as  "Anglica 
"  terra,"  the  West  Saxones  ®  are  the  people  of  Dimstan's 
native  province,  the  Orientales  Saxones^  the  pastoral 
charge  of  the  bishop  of  London.  It  is  quite  as  likely 
that  the  terms  "  lingua  patema  "  and  "  lingua  Saxonica  " 
are  used  more  generically  for  the  common  tongue  of  the 
continental  and  insular  Saxon,  and  merely  opposed  to 


1  p.  21. 

»  p.  46 ;  cf.  Chr.  Sax.  A.D.  978. 

3  P.  46. 

*  The  gcTis  Anglorum  is  men- 
tioned, p.  5  $  ''  uniyersus  populus 
«  Albioniun,"  p.  6 ;  **  Anglica  na- 
"  tio,"  p.  25 ;  "  Anglorum  princi- 


*'  pes,"  p.  32  ;  *'  eummus  Anglorom 
*^  pontifex,  p.  40. 

fi  The  **  rex  Anglorum ''  is  men- 
tioned, p.  6;  "Anglica  terra," 
p.  50. 

•  Sec  p.  6. 

^  See  p.  3?. 


INTRODUCTION. 


the  Latin  in  which  the  work  is  composed.  .  The  ''  vilis 
«  Saxonum  indigena"  may  have  been  primi  fiide  as 
probably  an  Englishm&n  as  a  German ;  on  the  other  hand, 
it  may  be  asked  why>  in  addressing  his  own  archbishop, 
a  native  Elnglishman  shotild  describe  himself  as  a  Saxon, 
in  a  form  which  is  scarcely  ever  used  by  an  F4nglifth 
writer  without  some  qualrfying  limitation,  as  in  Angul- 
Saxones,  West  Saxones,  or  Orientaies  Saxones.^ 

Unfortunately  the  general  language  of  the  book  does  The^nes- 
not  serve  to  clear  up  this  pointy  for  it  is  marked  by  an  dedMhj 
inflated  and  involved  style   which  is   common  to  thethlSook.^ 
writers   of  the  age  wherever  found;  it  contains  few 
words  which  can  with  any  certainty  be  said  to  have  been 


'  I  hare  come  across  a  curious 
case  of  the  use  of  the  word  Saxones 
whilst  collating  for  this  work.  It 
is  in  the  Cotton  MS.  Nero  A.  2 
(Hardj',  Catalogue  of  liaterials, 
1. 559) ;  in  a  fragment  apparentlj 
written  by  a  Briton  or  a  Scot.  I 
give  it  entire,  with  the  very  inte- 
resting prayer  that  follows  it ;  the 
first  piece  may  be  read  as  Terse  ; 
**  Carta  dirige'  gressns  per  mare 
pernaTium  tellurisque  spatium  ad 
reges  palatium ;  regem  primum 
"  salute,  reginem  et  clitanum,  da- 
ms qnoque  conmiitis,  militis, 
annierosy  quorum  regem  cum 
"  ^thelstanum  ista  per  fecta  Saxo- 
nia  viTit  rex  ^thelstannm  per 
fecta  gloriosa.  Hie  Sictric  de- 
ftmctum  armaCmn  in  praelia  Saxo- 
num per  totum  Bryttanium^ 
Constantinus  rex  Scottorum  et 
Tehmi  Bryttaninm  sahando  regis 
"  Sazonom  fideles  serritia." 

"Dixit  rex  ^thelstanus,  per 
Petri  prosconia  '^Sint  sani  sint 
**  longtBTi  Salratoris  gratia." 
"  Domine  Deus  Omnipotens,  rex 
rcgum  et  dominos  dominantinm, 
in  ctgoB  manu   onuub  victoria 


ti 


u 


u 


•< 


•« 


M 


U 


« 


«4 


(f 


«l 


it 


t« 


"  eonsistit,  et  omne  bellom  conteri* 
"  tar,  c<mcede  mihi  at  Toa  manos 
"  cor  meum  corroboret,  ut  in  vir- 
**  tute  Tua  in  manibus  viribusque 
"  meis  bene   pugnare   viriliterque 
agere  valeam,  ut  inimici  mei  in 
conspectu  meo  cadent   et   cor- 
"  ruanty  sicut  corruit  Golias  ante 
"  faciem  pueri  Tui  David,  et  sicut 
"  populus  Fharaonis  coram  Moysi 
"  in  mare  rubro,  et  sicut  Philistini 
*'  coram  populo  Israhel  ceciderunt, 
**  et    Amalech    coram    Moysi,  et 
"  Chananei  coram  Jesu  corruerunt, 
"  sic  cadant  inimici  mei  sub  pedi- 
bus  meis.    £t  per  viam    unam 
«  conveniant  adversum  me  et  per 
septem  fugiant  a  me ;  et  conteret 
Deus  azma  eorum  et  confringet 
framea  eorum,  et   eliquisce   in. 
conspectu  meo  sicut  cera  a  facie 
ignis,  ut  sciant    omnes    populi 
terr»  quia  invocatum  est  nomen 
*'  Domini  nostri  Jesa  super  me» 
"  et    magnificetur    nomen    Tuum 
**  Domine  in  adversariis  meis,  Do- 
"  mine  Deus  Israel."     The  first 
part  is  printed  in  the   Beliquias 
Antique,  vol.  ii.  p.  179. 


<( 


« 


«( 


«< 


i< 


<i 


« 


^v 


INTRODUCTION. 


Use  of  the 
word  tenia- 
ratus. 


The  use  of 
the  word 
dwanus. 


strange  to  English  scholars  of  the  time,  and  few  references 
to  customs  which  are  more  or  less  English  than  they  are 
continental.  Some  light,  however,  may  be  afforded  by 
two  or  three  words,  for  which  it  would  be  hard  to  find 
parallels  in  the  English  Latin  of  the  tenth  century. 
Describing  the  expulsion  of  Dunstan  from  the  court  of 
Edmund,  the  biographer  tells  us  that  he  was  bidden  to 
seek  himself  another  lord,  "sibi  senioratum  ubi  vellet 
'*  sine  se  suisque  conquirere."  ^  The  "reference  is  no 
doubt  to  the  Anglo  Saxon  custom,  made  obligatory  by 
the  law  of  Athelstan,  that  a  man  who  had  neither  lands 
of  his  own  nor  kinsmen  willing  to  be  his  sureties  must 
find  a  lord  who  would  represent  hun  or  answer  for  him 
in  the  courts  of  justice.  The  right  of  "  hlafordsokne,"  or 
choosing  a  lord,  was  open  to  the  landless  freeman, 
whether  he  lived,  as  Dunstan  had  done,  as  geaith  or 
companion  to  the  king  in  the  royal  mansion,  or  simply 
required  a  patron.  Dunstan,  banished  by  the  king  and 
renounced  by  his  kinsmen  at  court,  was  in  imminent 
danger  of  being  treated  as  an  outlaw.  He  must  seek  a 
new  patron.  The  word  aenioi^atua,  common  enough  in 
the  capitularies  and  in  the  countries  governed  by  Frajqik 
law,'  never  occurs  in  English  books,  laws,  or  charters ; 
and  an  English  writer  having  occasion  to  mention  the 
custom,  woidd  scarcely  have  looked  for  a  foreign  word 
to  express  his  meaning. 

Another  casual  expression  may  be  adduced  which 
points  in  the  same  direction.  The  writer,  dilating  on 
the  success  of  Dunstan's  pupiLs,  mentions  that  many  of 
them  were  promoted  to  the  rank  of  archbishop,  bishop, 
abbot,  "  decanus,"  and  "  prsBpositus." '  He  also  specifies 
among  the  nursing  fathers  of  the  infant  church  ''  reges, 
"  pontifices,  duces,   decanos,  pnepositos,  cseterosque  ec- 


>  P.  23. 

'  8ee  Da  Cange's  Glossaiy, 
tinder  the  word  SenioratuSk  The 
0QI7  passage    quoted    there,  con- 


nected with  England,  is  the  one 
mentioned  ahoye. 
»  P.  26. 


INTBODUCrriON. 


XV 


"  desisB  susd  rectores."  ^  The  office  of  dean  as  an  ecde-  Bwity  of 
siastical  dignity  was  not  introduced  into  England  until  B^Tiah  ^ 
at  least  half  a  century  later  than  the  date  of  our  author. 
The  word  occurs,  in  this  sense,  in  none  of  the  contempo- 
rary lives  of  the  saints  of  the  period,  and  is  never  given  as 
a  title  by  any  of  the  numerous  witnesses  of  the  (barters  ; 
nor  does  it  appear  in  the  laws.^  It  is  found,  as  a  desig- 
nation for  the  monastic  officer  who  ruled  a  company  of 
ten  monks,  in  the  rule  of  S.  Benedict,  and  may  therefore 
have  been  known  in  this  sense  in  the  English  monaste- 
ries, although  it  is  not  found  in  the  Begvlaris  Concordia, 
sometimes  ascribed  to  Dunstan,^  and  it  would  be  difficult 
to  cite  many  instances  of  its  use.  In  the  work  before  us, 
however,  it  is  twice  applied  to  the  governor  of  a  church, 


'  P.  4, 

^This  statement  ig  made  of 
course  subject  to  correction  by 
competent  authority.  The  strongest 
eridencc  against  it  is  the  following: 
(I.)  S.Oswald  is  said  to  haye  been 
dean  of  the  canons  of  Winchester 
before  he  became  a  monk,  on  the 
authority  of  a  monk  of  Bamsey, 
whose  work  is  preserred  in  the 
Historia  Rameseiensis  (ed.  Gale, 
p.  89 1 ) .  (2.)  Ethelnoth,  archbishop 
of  Canterbury  in  10S2,  is  said  to 
hare  been  dean  before  his  promotion 
(Oerrase,  c.  1650),  and  Godric  and 
Henry,  who  were  contemporary 
with  Osbem,  and  the  latter  of 
whom  was  afterwards  prior,  both 
bore  the  title  of  dean.  In  the  cases, 
howeyer,  of  Oswald  and  Ethelnoth, 
our  information  comes  in  a  twetfth 
century  dress,  and  cannot  be  re- 
garded as  contemporary.  If  true, 
I  should  be  inclined  to  understand 
by  the  term  a  disciplinary  officer 
rather  than  the  head  of  the  chapter. 
Godric  and  Henry  liyed  close  upon 
the  Conquest,  when  we  hear  of  the 
title  being  giyen  far  more  com- 
moDly,  as,  e.g.,  to  the    deans  of 


Waltham  (Tractatus  de  S.  Cnice, 
p.  16),  Thetford  (Epp.  Herberti 
Losing,  p.  73),  Durham  (Sim.  Dun. 
A.D.  1080).  At  Canterbury  Ger- 
yase  expressly  states  that  the  title 
was  introduced  after  the  martyr- 
dom of  Elfege  in  1012.  Neither 
dean  nor  canons  appear  at  Winches- 
ter in  the  contemporary  liyes  of 
S.  Ethelwold.  In  the  contempo- 
rary life  of  Oswald,  MS.  Nero, 
E.  1,  decanus  is  used  two  or  three 
times,  always  for  a  monastic  officer. 
'  Printed  in  the  first  yolume  of 
the  Monasticon  and  in  Reyner's 
Apostoiatug  BenedictiTiomm,  See 
below,  p.  ciz.  Wulstan,  dean  of 
Glastonbury,  whose  death  is  noted 
by  Florence  under  the  year  981, 
must  haye  been  a  monastic  dean  : 
so  Germanus  is  caUed  dean  of 
Bamsey  in  the  ancient  life  of  Os- 
wald, but  Oswald  is  not  there  said 
to  have  been  dean  at  Winchester. 
The  several  officers  at  Fleury  are 
named  pater  monasterii,  decanus, 
propositus,  armarius,  cellerarius, 
cantor,  magister  scholnCNero  E.  1» 
f.  7). 

b  2 


XVI 


INTBODtrCTION. 


Twice aiH  apparently  a  church  of  canons;  an  application  which 
raierof»  wdB  common  enough  on 'the  continent,  especially  in 
caaons.  North  France,  Lorraine,  and  Germany,  but  of  which  there 
is  no  instance  in  England  until  on  the  very  ere  of  the 
Conquest.  In  the  Anglo  Saxon  Chronicle,  as  early  as 
A.D.  1037,  we  find  recorded  the  death  of  Eafic  ''the 
"  noble  dean  "  at  Evesham ;  but  the  title  is  interpreted 
by  later  historians  of  the  abbey  as  belonging  to  the 
judicial  president  of  their  pecidiar  courts  ;^  the  dean  is 
not  a  substitute  for  the  abbot.  A  little  later  deans  and 
canons  are  introduced,  with  or  without  the  Lotharingian 
rule,  into  cathedral  and  collegiate  churches.  The  secular 
clergy  in  these  churches  had,  in  England  until  then,  been 
called  clerks,  not  ordinarily  canons ;  and  their  principal 
officers  were  not  deans,  but  either  "  praepositi,"  priors  or 
provosts,  or,  in  some  cases  probably,  abbots. 
The  OrisHs  Another  curious  expression  is  the  "  oriens  i*egnum  " 
already  referred  to.  This  occurs  twice.  When  Dxmstan 
fell  into  disgrace  with  Edmund  he  sought  the  acquaint- 
ance of  certain  venerable  men,  "  rcgni  videlicet  orientis 
nuncii,"*  who  were  then  lodging  with  the  king.  He  re- 
presented himself  as  already  sentenced  to  exile  and  devoid 
of  counsel ;  the  king  had  forsaken  him ;  he  begged  that 
they  would  not  leave  him  forlorn,  but  would  take  him 
with  them  to  their  own  country.  They  compassionately 
replied  that  if  he  would  accompany  them  he  should 
enjoy  all  that  their  kingdom  afforded,  "  qusoque  regni  sui 
*'  oommoda."  In  another  passage  we  are  told  that  the 
mysterious  person  who  appeared  at  court  before  Ed- 
mund's death  professed  that  he  came  from  the  "  Oriens 
"  regnum"  *'ex  orientis  regni  partibus;"  and  that  he 
had  a  matrimonial  proposition  to  lay  before  the  king.^ 
In  this. passage  it  is  possible  that ''  Orientis  regni  parti- 
"  bus ''  may  mean  the  eastern  parts  of  the  kingdom,  and 


JUffnum. 


*  Chron.  ETesham,  ed.  Macray, 
p.  83  ;  where  he  ii  called  prior  and 
deau  of  Christianity  for  the  vale  of 


£vc8ham.    Elfward  biuhop  of  Lou- 
don was  still  abbot. 

2  P.  23. 

»  P.  46. 


JNTBODUCTION. 


XVll 


one  MB.  of  the  life  ^  gives  ''  nimtialis  "  instead  of  "  nup-  BipiMia^ 
"  tialis'^'  841  the  description  of  the  proposition  to  be  made  oSSlw 
to  the  king ;  but  this  does  not  affect  the  meaning  of  the  ^'•*'**' 
fonner  passage.  What  then  was  the  ''  Oriens  regnum  "  ? 
The  BoUandist  &thers  understood  it  to  mean  Essex,  the 
kingdom  of  the  East  Saxons ;  ^  but  there  had  been  no 
such  kingdom  for  two  centuries  be&re  the  date  of  Ed- 
mund ;  Essex  was  a  mere  province  whose  envoys  could 
have  no  power  to  represent  themselves  as  independent 
of  the  king  of  i^e  English.  The  same  is  true  of  East 
Anglia,  which  is  called  by  a  writer  of  the  time  Orientals 
regnwm^  It  would  seem  almost  necessary  to  refer 
it  to  the  Oerman  kingdom,  now  rising  into  great  power 
under  Otto  I,  the  king's  brother-in-law,  the  kingdom 
of  the  eastern  Franks,  the  older  Austrasia^  not  yet 
united  with  the  imperial  dignity.  In  the  mouth  of 
an  Englishman  it  would  perhaps  have  been  more 
naturally  Qermany  or  Eastern  France,  but  the  form  is 
conceivable  enough  in  the  mouth  of  a  countryman  of 
Witikind  of  Corvey.  Another  possible  explanation  is 
that  the  kingdom  of  the  Ostmen,  the  Irish  Danes,  is 
meant ;  but  to  the  English  these  old  enemies  would  have 
been  Danes  or  Norsemen,  and  the  fia^  that  the  emissary 
spoke  in  the  Saxon  tongue  seems  fatal  to  this  notion. 
A  subject  of  Otto  I.  might  well  speak  the  ''lingua 
"  Saxonica^"  and  the  "  vilis  Saxonum  indigena "  might 
naturally  regard  his  native  land  as  the  ''  Oriens  regnum/'  ^ 
It  is  important  to  observe  that  William  of  Malmesbury 
paraphrases  the  words ''  regni  orientis  nuncii "  by  "  extera- 
**  rum  gentium  legati,"  ^ 


»  p.  471. 

'  Acta  Stnctorum^  Mali,  iv.  858, 
"  orientale  ngnum  intelligo  Es- 
**  sexiam,  Orientalem  Baxoniam." 

'The  biographer  of  Oswald 
eertainly  ubcs  Orientale  regnum 
fon    East  Anglia,     ^.Athelwoldus 

Tero  satis  digniter  principatom 

Orientatis  regni  adquisivit," — 
NeroE.  1.  fo.  8. 


u 


M 


^  I  do  not  find  in  the  eontinental 
writers  any  exact  parallel  to  this 
use  of  the  **  Oriens  regnum,"  but 
Henry  I.,  in  his  treaty  with  Charles 
the  Simple,  is  called  by  the  latter 
**  rex  Orientalis."  Pertx,  Leges,  i, 
604.  See  Freeman,  Norman  Conq., 
i.  604,  where  other  illustrations  will 
be  found. 

•  Below  p.  269. 


O 


XVIU 


INTRODUCTION. 


Slight  indi- 
cations that 
the  writer 
of  the  first 
life  was  a 
foreigner. 


His  initial 
letter. 


It  may  be  added  that^  if  it  be  understood  that  the 
writer  was  a  foreigner,  we  have  an  adequate  explanation 
of  the  fact  that  he  mis-spells  the  name  of  the  archbishop 
to  whom  he  writes,  calling  him  Albric  ^  instead  of  iElfiric, 
the  former  name  being  common  enough  abroad  but 
strange  to  English  ears,  whilst  the  contrary  is  true  of 
the  latter;  and  that  he  is  so  forgetful  of  the  ancient 
glories  of  English  monasticism  as  to  call  Dunstan  the 
first  abbot  of  the  English  nation,^  a  statement  equally 
strange  whether  it  be  understood  generally  or  in  refer- 
ence only  to  Qlastonbury,  which  possessed  at  the  time 
a  list  of  fifteen  abbots,  beginning  in  the  reign  of  Ina. 

The  initial  letter  of  the  author's  name  is  B.  The 
BoUandist  fathers,  by  whom  this  first  life  was  first 
printed,  contented  themselves  with  describing  him  as 
"  B.  presbyter  cosevus."  Du  Cange,  who  had  \ised  the 
work  in  the  composition  of  his  Glossary,  and  who  per- 
haps had  seen  the  S.  Gall  MS.,  in  the  margin  of  which 
the  name  "beda"  is  written,'  quotes  it  as  "Beda  in 
"  Vita  S.  Dunstani."*  Mabillon,^  who  knew  the  book  in 
MS.,  although  he  did  not  regard  it  as  tv^orth  publication, 
conjectured  that  he  had  found  the  author  in  the  person 
of  Bridferth  or  Byrhtferth,  the  scholar  of  Eamsey,  a 
pupil  of  Abbo  of  Fleury,  and  a  commentator  on  the 
mathematical  writings  of  Bede ;  and  this  guess,  for  it  is 
little  more,  has  been  since  generally  accepted  as  con- 
venient if  not  convincing. 


>  A  similar  use  of  Alhrieh  for 
JElfric  is  found  in  the  list  of  Athel- 
Btan'6  courtiers,  who  were  admitted 
by  letter  to  fraternity  with  the 
monks  of  S.  Gall.  Goldast,  Berum 
Alamannicarum  Scriptores,  ii.  156.; 
p.  Ixxyi.  below. 

*  F.  35, ''  primus  abbas  Anglicae 
"  nationis  enituit.*' 

'  3  P.  458. 

*  S.  y.  Senioratus. 

^  Acta  Sanctorum,  0.  S.  B.  sec. 
V.  p.  640:  <*  Hie  iUe  stilus  boni  ora- 
**  toris,  quem  esse  Bridferthum 
<<  c^nobii  Ramesiensis  monachum 


it 


coi^icio,  turn  ex  B.littera  nominis 
"  initiali,  quam  prsfert  Vedastinus 
"  codex,  tum  ex  letate  Bridferthi, 
'*  quem  Abbonis  disdpulum  Pitseus 
"  tradit,  atque  sub  annum  980 
"  vixisse."  This  was  written  in 
1685.  The  conjecture  is  mentioned 
by  the  Bollandists  in  the  Vllth 
▼olume  for  May,  p.  809,  but  without 
approval,  in  1688.  Henry  Wharton 
in  1691  (Ang.  Sac.  ii.  p.  ix.)  men- 
tions it  without  accepting  it,  but 
quotes  the  Life  under  the  name  of 
Bridferth  (ibid.  p.  102). 


INTRODUCTION.  xix 

The  name  of  Beda  may  be  at  once  set  aside ;  the  mar-  dom  \t 
ginal  note  of  the  S.  Grail  MS.  is,  no  doubt,  an  instance  of  Beda?  ^' 
the  tendency  to  ascribe  to  the  father  of  English  history 
any  anonymous  work  connected  with  England.  There 
certainly  were  other  persons  of  the  name,  and  the  writer 
may  have  been  one  of  them ;  but  no  known  Beda  be- 
longed to  the  age  of  Dunstan. 

Mabillon's  conjecture  has  somewhat  more  to  recom-  Does  tt 
mend  it.  Byrhtferth  was  perhaps  the  most  eminent  Bjrhtrerth  r 
English  scholar  of  the  time,  next  after  Elfric  or  the 
El&ics.  He  was  a  pupil  of  Abbo,  and  not  only  was 
Abbo  connected  with  Dunstan,  in  whose  house  he  had 
lived,  and  to  whom  he  dedicated  his  life  of  S.  Edmund 
of  East  Anglia,'  which  he  had  composed  from  materials 
furnished  by  the  archbishop,  but  he  was,  as  we  shall 
presently  see,  very  closely  connected  with  the  later  history 
of  this  identical  book.  To  the  probabilities  which  in- 
fluenced MabiUon  may  be  added  the  fi^ct  that  the  penman- 
ship of  the  most  ancient  MS.  of  this  book,  that  preserved 
at  Arras,  presents  a  remarkable  likeness  to  the  penman- 
ship of  the  work  of  Byrhtferth  on  the  Computus,  which 
is  now  among  the  Ashmolean  MSS.^  in  the  Bodleian,  and 
which  contains  on  a  fly  leaf,  in  a  contemporary  hand,  a 
little  antiphon  with  musical  notes  addressed  to  Dunstan 
himself:  ''  Alleluia,  veni,  alme  Dunatane,  ad  Christi  so- 
"  Hum  sanctum  hmnUibus  et  tuis  deposce  famulis  reg- 
"  num  coeleste."  Byrhtferth  has  left  several  monuments 
of  erudition  behind  him :  the  commentaries  on  Bede ' 
aflbrd  evidence  of  wide  reading  and  a  familiar  acquain- 
tance with  Latin  authors.  The  book  on  the  Computus, 
however,  presents  more  personal  details,  and  although  a 
careful  examination  of  it  furnishes  some  curious  facts,  it 
does  not  suggest  any  argument  in  favour  of  Mabillon's 
hypothesis. 


^  See  p.  378,  below.  .  |       '  Printed  with  Bede  in  the  old 

*  No.  328.  I   editions  of  hifl  collected  works. 


INTRODUCTION. 

Doflcription  The  title  of  the  work  is  thus  given :  "  Incipit  Compo- 
ferth^book  *'  tus  Latinorum  ac  Grseoorum  Hebrsaorumque  et  Msiv- 
il^."^-  "  tiorum  necnon  et  Anglorum."  It  is  explained  word 
for  word  in  Latin  and  translated  into  English  on  the 
lower  half  of  the  page,  the  same  plan  being  observed, 
paragraph  by  paragraph.  The  name  of  the  author  is 
given  more  than  once  indirectly.  In  a  grammatical 
example  at  p.  96  we  read,  "  swylce  ic  thus  cwethe,  Byrht- 
*'  ferSus  ipse  scripsit  bene,  beneque  docet  iUe  suis 
"  discipulis."  At  p.  162  we  have  a  prayer,  "  Oratio 
"  patris  ByrhtferCi": 

"  Spiritus  alme  veni,  sine  te  non  dicens  unquam, 
**      Munera  da  linguae  Qui  das  in  munere  linguas/' 

These  words,  which  occur  also  in  the  history  ascribed  to 
Simeon  of  Durham,^  and  which  may  be  much  earlier,  are 
translated  by  Byrhtferth  into  what  are  perhaps  the 
earliest  English  hexameters : 

"  Cum  nu  Halig  Gast  butan  the  ne  bise  thu  gewurthod, 
"  Gyf  thine  gyfe  thaere  tungan  the  thu  gyfst  gyfe  on 
"  gereorde." 

At  p.  168  is  another  grammatical  example  :  "  swylc  ic 
"  thus  cwethe,  Byrhtferth  msesse  preost  stent  on  tham 
"  twelflan  stede  sefter  tham  biscope  Eadnothe  oththe 
"  he  sitt."  Eadnoth,  who  became  bishop  of  Dorchester 
in  1006,  had  been  the  first  abbot  of  Bamsey,  and  was 
nephew  of  another  Eadnoth,  prior  of  Westbury  and  monk 
of  Worcester.*  At  p.  220  is  a  mention  of  S.  Oswald, 
the  founder  of  Ramsey ;  enumerating  the  sevenfold  gifts 
of  the  Spirit,  he  writes,  "  Spiritus  timoris  Domini  in 
*'  Oswaldo  dignissimo  archiepiscopo  refulsit  in  nostris 
"  temporibus."  At  page  234  we  have  a  reference  to 
Bede :  "  O  si  quis  devotus  hujus  numeri  vel  ceterorum 
"  desiderat  agnitionem  luce  splendidius  agnoscere,  ape- 


•  Mon.  HUt.  Brit.  p.  658.  |  J^^l^^"^'  "^ ^*' ^^^ '"' 


INTEODUCTION. 


XXI 


ft 


€t 


(i 


I* 


U 


U 


c< 


(( 


riat  libmm  reverentissimi  Bedse,  quern  de  temporibus  Bj^rerth 
preetitalavit^  et  mox  in  prima  sententia  invenit  de  computus. 
hac  re  satis  digniflsime  disputatum/'  I  wiU  quote 
lastly  his  notice  of  Abbo,  p.  240 :  "  Ratio  hujus  numeri, 
quam  dignae  memorisB  Abbo  super  hunc  invexit,  libet 
libari.  Iste  vero  quanted  dignitatis  refulsit  in  vita 
ostendunt  post  mortem  miracula.  Erat  enim  in  doc- 
trinali  scientia  peritus,  et  in  philosophia  perfeetus.  ... 
His  explicitis  ex  rationibus  doctoris  nostri  et  martyris 
Christi,  acoedamus  ad  alia."  The  connexion  of  Abbo 
with  Ramsey  is  a  well-established  fact.  His  biographer 
Aimoin  tells  us  that  he  lived  and  taught  there  for  two 
years.'  The  same  evidence  is  given  by  the  historian  of 
the  abbey,  and  there  is  extant  a  work  of  Abbo  on  gram- 
matical questions  dedicated  to  his  English  pupils,  and 
especially  to  the  inmates  of  S.  Benedict's  monastery  at 
Ramsey : 

"  O  Ramesiga  cohors  amplis  quae  claudere  stagnis, 
"  Purior  obryzo  niteris  esse  Deo."  * 

It  is  clear,  then,  that  Bjrhtferth  and  Abbo  were  closely 
connected,  and  that  both  of  them  were  friends  of  Dun- 
stan.  Further  light  will  probably  be  thrown  on  this 
point  by  one  of  the  letters  contained  in  this  volume.' 
There  is  therefore  no  antecedent  improbability  in  sup- Baianco  of 
posing  that  Byrhtferth  might  have  written  Dunstan's  Mto*Byrhr 
life.  But  on  the  other  hand  it  is  niost  improbable  that 
the  same  author  who  wrote  the  commentary  on  Bede's 
mathematical  works,  and  the  work  on  the  Computus  and 
grammar,  which  has  just  been  described,  both  of  which 
contain  evidence  that  he  could  write  good  Latin,  should 
have  written  the  life  before  us  in  the  turgid  and  stilted 
style   which   caused  Mabillon   to  describe   it  as  mere 


ferth. 


>  Aimoin,  V.  S.  Abbonis,  ap. 
Mabillon,  AA.  SS.  O.  S.  B.  ssec.  VI. 
pp.  86,  37  ;  Hist.  Bams.  ap.  Gale, 
p.  400 ;  and  see  below,  p.  37S. 


'  Mabillon,  Annates  0.  S.  B.  torn. 
IV.  App.;  Migne,  Patrol.  139,  p.  534. 
'  Below,  p.  376. 


XXU  INTRODUCTION. 

Bifficuities    "  stribiligo."     It  is  still  more  improbable  that  he  should 
th^iiteto  *  have  done  this  without  once  mentioning  his  own  monas- 

.  Dunstan's  successor  in  the  see  of  Worcester,  and  who 
shared  and  outdid  all  Dunstan's  monastic  reforms.  It  is 
almost  impossible  that  when  the  abbot  of  S.  Augustine's 
transmitted,  as  we  shall  see  him  doing,^  this  very  book 
to  Abbo  to  be  turned  into  verse,  he  should  have  omitted 
to  tell  him  that  it  was  the  work  of  Byrhtferth,  his  most 
promising  scholar. 

Notwithstanding  then  the  general  acceptance  which 
has  been  accorded  to  this  conjecture,  and  although  I 
have  nothing  so  definite  to  put  in  its  place,  I  shall  ven> 
ture  to  suggest  another  theory  which  points  to  a  different 
school  of  writers,  and  may  possibly  furnish,  if  not  the 
name,  yet  some  tangible  data  as  to  the  personality  of 
this  author. 
Pofldbiedtie  The  Cottoniau  MSS.  Tiberius  A.  15  and  Vespasian 
an  ancient  A.  14  coutaiu,  appended  to  two  collections  of  the  letters  of 
Alcuin,  a  number  of  letters  of  the  time  of  Dunstan,  some 
of  them  addressed  to  Edgar,  and  some  to  the  archbishop 
himself  Several  of  these  seem,  from  their  style  and  tone, 
to  be  the  composition  of  the  same  writer,  and  the  language, 
forms  of  words,  and  construction  of  sentences,  furnish  a 
very  dose  resemblance  to  those  of  the  first  Life  of  Dunstan. 
In  one  of  the  letters  which  are  preserved  in  both  the 
MSS.,  which  is  addressed  to  archbishop  Ethelgar,  Dim- 
stan's  immediate  successor,  the  writer  ,although  concealing 
his  full  name,  gives  a  clue  to  his  own  personal  history.* 
He  describes  himself  as  "  B.^omnium  faex  Christicolarum," 
a  singular  coincidence,  if  it  be  only  a  coincidence,  with 
the  ''  omnium  extimus  sacerdotum  B.  vilisque  Saxonum 
"  indigena,"  of  the  Prologue  to  the  biography.  The 
burden  of  the  letter  appears  to  be  a  lamentation  for  the 
literary  refreshment  and   educational  privileges  which 

^  Below,  p.  409.  I       '  P.  385,  below. 


INTBODUCnON.  rxiii 

the  writer  had  enjoyed  in  his  youth  under  the  patronage  Tbe  letter  of 
of  the  bishop  of  Li^e,  since  whose  death  he  has  been  in  gur. 
exile  frota  the  court  of  Wisdom.  He  further  professes  his 
obedience  to  Ethelgar,  who  seems  to  have  commissioned 
him  to  go  to  Winchester  to  make  a  copy  or  to  examine 
a  MS.  of  Aldhehn's  work  on  the  praises  of  Virginity. 
Etiielgar  had  been  abbot  of  the  New  Minster  at  Win- 
chester before  his  promotion  to  tiie  episcopate.  The 
writer  of  the  letter  was  then  neither  a  monk  of  Win- 
chester nor  a  personal  dependant  of  ESthelgar,  but  un- 
questionably a  foreign  scholar  who  for  some  reason  or 
other  was  living  in  exile  in  EIngland. 

Another  of  the  letters,  which  bears  intrinsic  evidence  a  letter  to 
of  the  same  authorship,  is  addressed  to  Ihmstan  himself,  hinueif . 
The  writer  describes  himself  as  ''  exilii  catenulis  admodum 
"  retitus ;"  ^  as  having  placed  himself  under  the  protec- 
tion, mundibv/rdiwm,  of  the  archbishop,  and  as  having 
been  treated  by  him  as  a  friend  and  companion.    He  also 
addresses  Dimstan  as  his  "  senior "  or  lord,  and  finally 
breaks  into  hexameters  in  which  he  entreats  the  arch- 
bishop to  obtain  for  him  a  restoration  to  his  own  country. 
A  third  letter,  which  contains  some  of  the  forms  charac-  a  thud 
teristic  of  this  writer,  is  addressed  to  a  person  whose  »me  tone. 
name  is  only  indicated  by  the  initial  N.    The  writer,  who 
caDs  himself  "  bellus  sed  causa,  si  did  Uceat,  infortunii 
"  misellus," '  has  left  his  patron  and  crossed  the  sea :  on 
landing  he  has  borrowed  a  horse,  for  the  hire  or  purchase 
of  which  he  has  incurred  a  debt,  and  in  default  of  pay- 
ment he  is  in  danger  of  being  sold. 

Of  these  three  letters  the  first  is  the  only  one  which  Poonbie 
directly  connects  itself  with  the  authorship  of  the  life  of  these  three 
Donstan,  and  the  others  can  be  brought,  only  by  their 
similarity  of  style  and  juxtaposition  in  the  MS.,  into 
conjectural  bearing  upon  the  subject.     But  where  other 


»  Below,  p.  374.  |      »  Below,  p.  8»0. 


XXIV 


INTRODUCTION. 


FoMible 
identit/  of 
bhe  wffter 
with  Dun- 
stao's  bio* 
grapher. 


Similarity 
of  style. 


and  Tocabu' 
lary. 


data  are  wanting,  these  considerations  may,  at  least  ten- 
tatively, be  allowed  weight.  We  have  tiien  reason  to 
suppose  that  the  writer  of  the  letters,  whose  language  is 
so  closely  akin  to  that  of  the  Prologue,  who  addresses 
Dunstan  as  a  patron,  and  who  indicates  his  name  by  the 
same  initial  letter,  was  a  foreigner,  a  pupil  of  the  school 
of  Liege,  and  present  in  England  about,  the  time  of 
Dunstan's  death,  or  at  least  within  a  year  after  it, 
Ethelgar's  pontificate  lasting  only  fifteen  months. 

The  first  point,  the  similarity  of  style  and  vocabulary, 
may  be  tested  by  a  comparison  of  the  several  documents, 
all  of  which  are  contained  in  the  present  volume.  The 
extravagant  professions  of  humility,  the  involved  form 
of  sentence,  the  constant  use  of  diminutives  in  the  most 
inappropriate  places,  are  illustrative  if  not  convincing 
evidence.  In  the  vocabulary  the  coincidences  are  more 
striking.  The  biographer  styles  Dunstan  "  decens  ssdi- 
"  tuus ;"  *  the  letter- writer  mentions  the  bishop  of  Liege 
as  "  beatae  memorise  aedituum ;"  *  the  form  "  senior  "  '  in 
another  of  the  letters  answers  to  the  ''  senioratus  "  of  the 
biography;*  the  use  of  the  word  "dagma"^  helps  to 
identify  two  of  the  letters  as  written  by  the  same  hand ; 
both  writers  describe  their  work  as  "  titulatio ;"  •  both 
request  the  person  addressed  to  correct  grammatical 
errors ;  both  use  the  simile  of  the  bee  gathering  honey 
for  the  student  accumulating  knowledge ;  both  use  a 
curious  adjectival  form  in  ''  eus  "  from  nouns  ending  in 
"  or,"  as  "  favoreo  "  and  "  lectoreo ;"  both  run  into  Greek  ; 
the  one  calls  the  hand  in  the  ablative  "  chyra,"  the  other 
calls  the  heart  "  cardian  "  in  the  nominative.'  These  aie 
small  matters  in  themselves,  for  which  parallels  might 
be  found   doubtless   in   other  writings  of  the  age,  but 


»p.  3. 

»  P.  386. 
»  P.  390. 
*  p.  23. 


*  Pp.  386,  390. 
«  Pp.  .5,  388. 
7  Pp.  27,  387. 


INTRODUCTION. 


wluch>  taken  together  and  coupled  with  the  coincidenoe 
of  the  initial  *'  B/'  seem  to  imply  identity. 

We  ask  next  who  was  the  bishop  of  liege  who  had  <^tt«tk«M 
been  the  patron  and  instructor  of  the  letter-writer.  He  ot  uege. 
must  have  been  the  bishop  who  had  died  last  before 
the  year  989,  to  which  the  letter  belongs.  This  was 
Ebraehar,  or  Euradus,  who  had  ruled  from  959  to  971> 
and  whose  successor  Notker  lived  until  the  year  1007. 
Ebraehar  had  been,  previous  to  his  elevation,  provost  of 
the  collegiate  church  of  Benin ;  he  was  a  pupil  of  arch- 
bishop Bruno  of  Cologne,  the  brother  of  the  emperor 
Otto  I.,  and  a  disciple  also  of  Batherius,  the  famous 
bishop  of  Verona,  who  had  governed  the  see  of  liege 
several  years  before  the  promotion  of  Ebraehar.^  Ebra^  He  wu 
char  was  sprung  from  a  noble  family  in  Saxony,'  and  *  saxon. ' 
was  specially  devoted  to  the  memory  of  S.  Martin,  by 
whose  bones  he  was  said  to  have  been  miraculously  cured 
of ''  lupus,"  and  in  whose  honour  he  founded  a  church  at 
Liege.  He  was  also  a  great  promoter  of  education.  Is 
it  possible  that  our  '*vilis  Saxonum  indigena"  was  a 
kinsman  or  pupil  of  the  Saxon  bishop  of  Liege  ?  Such 
a  supposition  has  something  at  least  to  recommend  it. 
It  accounts  for  the  mention  of  the  "  Oriens  regnum,"  the 
"  Saxoniea  lingua,"  the  "  Senioratus ;"  it  is  in  perfect 
harmony  with  the  few  other  indications  of  personal 
history,  which  we  have  traced  in  the  Prologue  and  the 
Biography.  It  accounts  too  for  the  special  mention  of 
S.  Martin,^  the  patron  saint  of  the  patron  bishop,  and  for 
the  likeness  noticed  between  him  and  Dunstan. 

On  behalf  of  Bridferth,  or  Byrhtferth,  not  even  such 
slight  argument  can  be  advanced.     There  is  not  a  trace 


■  Ann.  Laubienses,  Bfartene  and 
Diirand,TheBMinisni.  1415, 1416: 
there  is  a  good  sketch  of  the  career 
of  RaUierias  and  £brachar  in  the 
Art  de  Verifier  les  Dates,  among 
the  bishops  of  Liege. 


'  See  his  life  by  Reiner,  a  monk 
of  8.  Laurence  at  Liege,  in  Pes, 
Thesaurus,  IV.  pt.  8,  pp.  153-166  ; 
and  Wattenbach*s  Geschichts^el- 
len,  Tol.  I.  pp.  278,  279. 

»  P.  50,  below. 


XXVI 


INTRODUCTION. 


This  theory 
more  pro- 
bable than 
the  refer- 
ence to 
Byrhtferth. 


Nune  de- 
noted by  B. 


Three  MSS. 
of  the  work. 


of  similarity  of  style,  not  an  indication  of  oonunon 
history.  The  connexion  of  Byrhtferth  is,  as  I  have  re- 
marked, with  Fleury,  that  of  Dunstan  and  his  biographer 
with  Flanders  and  northern  France,  Arras,  Ghent,  Rouen, 
and  Paris.  Abbo  of  Fleury  found  a  welcome  in  his  house, 
but  his  friends  and  correspondents  were  Wido  of  Blan- 
dinium,  Odbert  of  S.  Bertin,  and  the  great  count  abbot 
Amulf,  who  had  befriended  him  in  his  exile.  The  tra- 
ditionary connexion  of  Canterbury  with  the  Flemish 
churches  is  traceable  long  after  this,  and  the  church  of 
S.  Vedast  in  the  city  of  London,  which  was  in  the 
patronage  of.  the  prior  and  convent  up  to  the  fourteenth 
century,  was  no  doubt  a  result  or  a  sign  of  this  connexion. 
The  most  ancient  MS.  of  the  earliest  life  of  Dunstan  is 
found  in  the  library  of  S.  Vedast  at  Arras. 

What  name  is  indicated  by  the  initial  B.  can  only  be 
conjectured ;  it  may  have  been  the  common  Saxon  Bruno ; 
or  some  name  to  which  the  Latin  "Bellus"  might  be 
supposed  to  answer,  one  of  the  many  names  that  begin 
with  Bert,^  or  it  may  have  been  Benedict  or  even  Beda. 

The  special  mention  of  S.  Augustine  of  Canterbury, 
which  occurs  twice  in  the  book,^  may,  as  has  been  already 
noticed,  betoken  some  special  relation  to  that  monas- 
tery. 

We  may  now  pursue  the  history  of  the  book  itself,  as 
it  may  be  gathered  from  the  three  editions  of  it  which  we 
possess  in  the  three  MSS.  of  the  Arras,  S.  Gall,  and 
Cottonian  libraries. 


*  William  or  Malmesbury,  in  the 
first  chapter  of  the  book  De  Anti- 
quitate  £ccl.  Glastoniensis,  speaks 
as  if  he  thought  that  "B."  stood 
for  **  Britonam  ; "  "  quorum  unus 
"  Britonum  historiographus."  This 
is  curious ;  we  may  conjecture 
that  William  detected  evidence  of 
foreign  workmanship  in  the  book, 
or  that  he  had  seen  a  copy  in  which 


the  name  was  written  at  full  '*  Brit- 
"  win,'*  or  lastly  that  the  word  Bri- 
tonum was  the  unauthorized  inser«- 
tion  of  a  transcriber.  The  last  is 
the  most  probable,  yet  it  is  difficult 
to  say  what  meaning  could  be 
attached  to  the  word  in  the  particu^ 
lar  place. 
«  Pp.  6,  48. 


INTRODTJCmON.  XXVii 

The  first  of  these  bears  on  its  face  evidence  of  its  The  relative 
originality  ;  the  Arras  MS.  is  not  perhaps  the  autograph  tSrce.  ^ 
of  the  author,  but  it  clearly  represents  an  original  from 
which  the  other  two  editions  diverge.  The  S.  Qall^ 
copy  preserves  the  Prologue  and  the  poetical  portions  of 
the  original  writer,  but  corrects  his  grammatical  mis- 
takes, and  in  many  cases  paraphrases  whole  sentences. 
The  Cotton  MS.  retains  the  original  text  more  faithfully, 
but  gives  up  the  Prologue  and  the  hexameters.  Neither 
of  the  two  latter  MSS.  could  have  been  derived  fr^m 
the  other  without  losing  sight  of  the  common  original. 

The  first  text  is  dedicated,  as  has  been  said,  to  arch-  TheAma 
bishop  Elfric.   The  writer,  apologizing  in  his  Prologue  for  ^^**' 
the  faults  of  his  style,  begs  the  archbishop  to  exercise 
the  office  of  a  critic.     He  mentions,  too,  his  attempts  to  The  poetical 
embellish   his  work  with  occasional  poetical  efibrts,  to  mmUoned 
which  he  gives  the  appropriate  title  "  satirica  fatuitas."  *  li^w.  ^^   • 
It  can  scarcely  be  said,  on  a  perusal  of  the  book,  that 
this  epithet  is  a  mere  result  of  the  author's  modesty. 
The  style  is  throughout  rough,  bombastic,  involved,  and 
obscure.   The  poetical  episodes  are  attempted  in  the  worst 
taste  and  wretchedly  executed.     The  task  imposed  on 
the  critic  was  no  light  one. 

The  second  text  has  a  history  of  its  own-     The  Life  of  The  s.  Gaii 
Dunstan  found  a  patron  if  not  also  a  critic  in  the  monas-  iSted*(^y 
tery  of  S.  Augustine.    The  work  was  re- written  in  great  ^'  '^®  ^** 
part,  the   most   glaring   errors   corrected,   one  or  two 
questionable  statements  expunged,  and  in  one  case  an 
additional  piece  of  clumsy  versification  inserted. '    But 
the  taste  of  the  age  was  not  satisfied  with  this.     It  was 
desirable  that  the  whole  should  be  turned  into  verse,  and  gent  to 
for  this   purpose   the   book  in  its  reformed  shape  was^^SkedL^ 
transmitted  by  Wulfric,  abbot  of  S.  Augustine's  to  Abbo 
of  Fleury,  who  just  then  was  engaged  in  reforming  the 


>  The  collation  of  the  S.  Gall 
MS.  will  be  found  at  pp.  458-472 
of  thii  Tolome. 


3  P.  4. 

•  See  pp.  460,  468,  below. 


■ 

I 


X3CVU1 


intAodttction. 


This  MS. 
belonged  to 
the  monas- 


was  mur- 
dered. 


Letter  to  monasteries  of  Aquitaine.  The  S.  Gall  MS.  preserves 
s.  GaH  MS.  the  letter  in  which  the  abbot  requests  Abbo  to  undertake 
the  versification.^  The  date  of  the  negotiation  may  be 
ascertained  within  a  very  few  years.  Wulfric  became 
abbot  in  the  year  989^  and  died  in  1006.^  The  book, 
being  dedicated  to  Elfric,  was  not  written  before  995. 
Abbo  of  Fleury  died  Nov.  13,  1004.»  But  the  interest 
of  the  question  does  not  stop  here.  The  S.  Qall  MS. 
contains,  on  iis  superfluous  leaves,  letters  and  charters 
which  prove  that  at  a  veiy  early  period  it  was  the  pro- 
perty of  the  monastery  of  Squirs,  afterwards  called  la 
Reole,  in  Gascony.^  It  wa^  at  this  place  that  Abbo 
whfchAbbo  Suffered  martyrdom.  He  was  engaged  in  the  work  of 
monastic  reform,  and  staying  at  Squirs,  when  one  day  as 
he  was  eA  work  on  his  books  or  accoimts,  a  tumxdt  broke 
out  in  the  courtyard  of  the  monastery.  Abbo,  holding  in 
his  hand  his  tablets  and  style,  went  out  to  quiet  the  mob ; 
one  of  the  rioters  struck  him  on  the  side  with  a  lance ;  he 
was  mortally  wounded,  died,  and  was  buried  at  Squirs.^ 
We  can  scarcely  doubt  that  it  was  in  this  way  the  MS. 
life  of  Dunstan  came  into  the  monastic  library.  Abbo 
was  only  visiting  at  Squirs,  his  home  was  at  Fleury. 
He  may  have  brought  the  MS.  to  employ  him  in  his 
leisure ;  it  may  have  been  the  very  work  on  which  he 
was  employed,  when,  pen  and  note-book  in  band,  he 
received  his  death  wound.^  At  all  events  we  hear  no 
more  of  the  poetical  version,  and  the  MS.  never  found 
its  way  back  to  Canterbury. 

The  third  text  likewise  has  its  history.  The  monks 
of  S.  Augustine,  despairing,  it  would  seem,  of  the  poetical 
version,  adopted  another  mode  of  treatment,  and  revised 


The  Cottou 
MS. 


»  P.  409,  below. 

-  W.  Thome,  ap.  Twyeden,  c. 
2246 ;  Efanham,  ed.  Hard  wick,  p.  23. 

'  Almoin,  V.  S.  Abbonis,  ap. 
Mabillon,  88ec.  YI.  p«  50 ;  and  see 
the  letter  of  the  monks  of  Fleury, 
ibidf  p.  32. 


<  See  p.  472,  bek>w. 

*  B.  Glaber,  ap.  Mabillon,  1.  c. 
p.  32. 

*  Almoin,  howerer,  speaks  of  the 
work  on  which  h6  was  employed  as 
«  compntatianculas,"  ibid,  p.  49. 


INTRODUCTION.  XXIX 

/ 

the  book  on  another  prinoiple.    Under  this  process  the  it  is  a  re- 

,**  '^  lormea  and 

prologue,  in  reference  to  which  the  writer  says  that  JJJf**^*^ 
scarcely  one  endowed  with  common  prudence  and  a  cul- 
tivated mind  has  so  "  deformis  facundia "  as  himself  in 
the  composition  of  prologues,  is  judiciously  abandoned. 
The  ''satirica  fatuitas"  of  the  original  hexameters  is 
superseded  by  a  form  of  prose,  which,  whilst  it  pretends 
to  be  no  more  than  prose,  preserves,  in  the  general  voca-  ^*5^"  **' 
bulary  and  in  the  rhymed  cadences  into  which  it  falls,  *<«"^'* 
some  traces  of  the  original  from  which  it  Ls  adapted.^  passage*. 
On  every  page  the  redundancies  of  the  earlier  texts  are 
retrenched,  and  the  obscurity  and  pedantry  obviated 
without  destroying  the  essential  character  of  the  work. 
The  reviser  has  done  most  in  the  earlier  pages,  which 
indeed  contained  the  most  glaring  offences  against  good 
taste  and  grammar.  These  changes,  which  will  be  found 
duly  noted  in  the  present  edition,  may  be  classified  as, 
first,  the  reduction  of  the  hexameters  to  rhyming  prose, 
such  as  was  usual  in  the  sequences  of  the  missal; 
secondly,  the  substitution  of  simple  pronouns  for  the  full 
titles  of  the  saint  reiterated  in  the  original ;  and  thirdly, 
the  substitution  of  ordinary  Latin  words  for  unmeaning 
diminutives. 

This  revised  edition,  which  was  made  before  the  mid-  This  text 
die  of  the  eleventh  century,  remained  at  S.  Augustine's,  to  wiiuam 
William  of  Malmesbury  saw  it  there,  and  by  a  quotation  bury. 
which  he  makes  from  it,*  in  his  book  on  the  antiquity  of 
Glastonbury,  enables  us  to  identify  it  as  the  text  which 
he  used,  although  he  saw  a  copy  containing  the  prologue 
in  the  library  of  Glastonbury,^  and  another  at  S.  Ed 


*  See  especially  pp.  9  and  20.  **  *  finio,'  "  &c. ;  p.  7,  **  nulla  ho- 

^  He    quotes    thus:     "Quorum  I  "  minumarteutferunt,constructam 

'*  anus  Britonum  Historiograpfaua,  I  '^  .    .    .   virtutum  myst^riift   .    .    . 

"  prout  apad  Sanctum  Edmundum,  j  ^*  8ancta)que    Dei    genitrici,"   &c., 

"  itemque  apud  Sanctum  Auguati-  {  the  readings  of  the   Cotton   MS. 

<•  num  Anglorum  apostolum  vidi-  I  being  always  given.    W.  Malmesb. 

**  mus,  ita  exorsus  est  ;  '  In  con-  '  Ant.  Glaston.,  ap.  Gale,  p.  293. 

C 


XXX 


INTRODUCTION. 


Later  hu-  mund's.  There  it  still  was  at  the  dissolution,  and  there  in 
Cotton  mI.  August,  1565,  John  Josselin,  the  friend  of  Parker,  found 
it  among  other  old  books.^  Shortly  afterwards  it  came 
into  the  Cotton  Library.  The  history  of  the  other  MS. 
we  have  no  means  of  tracing.  It  may  have  been  brought 
to  Arras  very  early  during  the  close  connexion  with 
England,  which  is  attested  by  the  letters  given  in  this 
volume ;  or  it  may  have  been  given  to  bishop  Peter  of 
Arras  when  he  visited  Canterbury  in  1188  on  a  vain 
attempt  to  reconcile  the  archbishop  with  the  monks  of 
Christchurch ; '  or  it  may  have  gone  through  Normandy 
by  way  of  Jumieges,  for  the  lives  of  two  of  the  Jumieges 
saints  form  part  of  the  same  volume.*  The  matter  is  of 
less  importance,  for  there  is  no  reason  to  suppose  that  it 
is  the  original  draught  of  the  work.  It  is  the  most 
ancient  form  of  it,  but  the  imcorrected  clerical  errors 
which  it  contains  show  that  it  is  a  transcript,  made 
however  earlier  than  the  S.  GaU  MS. 

The  second       The  sccoud  Life  of  Dunstan  has  no  such  interesting 
Adeiard  of   historv.     Its  author  was  Adelard  or  Adalard,  a  monk  of 

Bl&ndi-  ... 

nium.  Blandinium.  It  is  addressed  to  Archbishop  EUfege,'  who 
ruled  at  Canterbury  from  1006  to  1012,  and  was  written 
before  1011  at  the  latest.  It  is  drawn  up  in  the  form 
of  lessons  to  be  read  in  the  services  of  the  monastery, 
and  contains  much  that  was  intended  for  the  spiritual 


^  This  he  mentions  in  the  Pro- 
logue to  his  life  of  Dunstan,  below, 
p.  252. 

^  The  follomng  note  is  in  the 
Cotton  MS. :  "  Hunc  librum,  cujus 
auctor,  ut  apparebit  lectori,  cla- 
ruit  tempore  ipsiust  Dunstani,  de 
quo  agitur,  reperi  inter  reteres 
libros  MSS.  monasterii  Augus- 
tinensis  Cantuariae,  A.D.  1565, 
mense  August! ;  Joan.  Josseli- 
nus."  Archbishop  Ussher  has 
added,  "  lb  hunc  ipsum  librum  a 


« 


u 


<( 


"  Qui.    Malmesburiensi    rcpertum 
esse  ex  libro  ejusdem  de  antiqui- 

tate  Glastoniensis  monasterii  ap- 

paret.  Ja.  Usserius."  See  Hardy, 
Catalogue  of  Materials,  toI.  i.  p. 
594. 

'  Epp.  Cantuar.,  pp.  226-229. 

^  Below,  p.  xxxviii. 

^  P.  53.  It  mentions  A.D.  1006 
as  the  date  of  Elfege's  appointment 
to  Canterbury ;  but  it  contains  no 
hint  of  the  troubles  which  ended  in 
his  martyrdom  in  1012. 


C( 


« 


INTRODUCTION.  XXXl 

f 

edification  as  well  as  for  the  information  of  the  devout.  Not  an 
It  professes  to  be  an  abridgment  or  breviate/  a  sum-  Jj  **»«  fl»* 
mary  rather  than  a  history  of  the  archbishop's  life ;  but 
it  is  not  to  be  understood  as  solely  or  even  mainly  drawn 
from  the  earlier  WDrk.  It  contains  evidence  that  Adelard 
had  that  book  before  him.  Probably  it  had  been  placed 
in  his  hands  by  Elfege  to  be  turned  into  verse,  as  it  had 
been  sent  by  Wulfric  to  Abbo.  "  Patrem  tuum  sanctum 
Dunstanum,"  says  Adelard,  '-  voluisti  et  litteris  com- 
mendari  et  musis."  *  Instead  of  doing  this  he  embodies 
a  quantity  of  current  traditions  in  a  new  work,  and  pre- 
sents it  to  the  archbishop  as  a  set  of  lessons  and  respon- 
sories.      The  points  of  variation   from  the  earlier  life  The  source 

^  of  the 

may  be  noticed  by  and  by.  Of  Adelard  himself  nothing  breriaiy 
is  known;  but  his  work  was  rapidly  multiplied,  and 
was  the  source  from  which  the  breviary  lessons  for 
S.  Dunstan's  day  were  chiefly  taken.'  There  are  no 
great  discrepancies  in  the  MSS.  of  Adelard  which  would 
lead  to  the  idea  that  it  was  ever  re- written ;  but  in  all 
the  copies  which  I  have  seen,  the  responsories  have  either 
been  omitted  altogether,  or  written  so  as  to  form  an 
integral  part  of  the  lessons. 

The  third  Life  of  Dunstan  was  written  by  Osbem,  the  31»?t^»'J 

•',  Life  by  Os- 

precentor  of  Christchurch,  Canterbury,  during  the  pon-  *>ero- 
tificate  of  Lanfranc,  or  during  the  interval  between  his 
death  and  the  appointment  of  Anselm.^  Osbem  had 
been  brought  up  in  the  monastery ;  he  had  been  a  boy 
in  the  days  of  Godric  the  dean,^  had  seen  the  clergy, 
calling  themselves  monks,  but  living  like  earls  before  the 
coming  of  Lanfranc :  he  had  been  a  helper  in  the  arch- 
bishop's reforms,  and  by  his  industry  in  the  musical  and 
literary  labours  of  the  convent  had  earned  promotion. 
His  book  on  the  miracles  of  Dunstan  preserves  some 


'  "  Ex  eadem  vita  quasi  brevein         '  See  below,  pp.  445-450 
"  sermonis  veniculum,"  p.  53.  *  Below,  p.  151. 

2  P.  53.  «  P.  13S. 


«  P.  13S. 

c  2 


xxxu 


INTEODUCmON. 


Osbem's 
notices 
about  him' 
self. 


Later  cor- 
rection of 
Oobem's 
work. 


small  partictdars  of  hk  personal  history.  He  had  himself 
been  a  subordii^te  agent  in  one  of  the  mixaculons  cures 
effected  at  the  tomb.^  It  was  to  him  that  Lanfranc  gave 
the  charge  to  proclaim  the  story  of  the  pirate  Barabas.^ 
He  himself,  when  walking  in  Thanet  with  a  knight,  had 
heard  from  him  an  undoubted  case  in  which  Dunstan 
had  interfered  to  prevent  injustice  attempted  in  the  law 
courts  by  the  abbot  of  S.  Augustine's.'  He  had  himself 
had  a  dream,  which  he  relates  vividly  and  picturesquely, 
about  Dunstan  in  a  state  of  bliss.^  Osbem  wrote  the  life 
also  of  S.  Elfege  with  an  account  of  his  miracles  and 
the  translation  of  his  bones ;  the  other  books  ascribed 
to  him  belong  to  other  authors. 

The  manuscripts  of  Oabem's  book  are  very  numerous.* 
They  fall  into  two  classes  which  possibly  represent  two 
editions  issued  by  the  author.  It  is,  however,  more  pro- 
bable that  the  second  edition,  being  marked  by  certain 
omissions  and  variations  which  seem  to  result  from  the 
adverse  criticism  of  his  successor  Eadmer,  may  merely 
have  been  a  transcript  of  the  original  edition  after  it 
had  been  corrected  by  some  later  hand.  The  most  im- 
I  portant  alteration  is  that  touching  on  the  seven  years 
penance  of  Edgar,  and  the  parentage  of  Edward.*  The 
fact  that  some  details  given  in  the  first  edition  were 
removed  in  the  second  has  led  some  writers  to  question 
whether  Osbem's  work  was  the  one  criticised  by  Eadmer, 
and  to  suppose  that  some  intermediate  biography  had 
been  lost.     This  question  ^  is  settled  by  a  comparison  of 

the  MSS.  the  result  of  which  will  be  found  in  the  notes 
to  the  present  edition. 


The  fourth       Eadmer,  the  author  of  the  fourth  Life,  was,  like  Osbem, 

Life,  by 

Eadmer.      prcccutor   of  Christchurch.     He  is   best  known  as  the 
friend  and   biographer  of  Anselm,  and  author  of  the 


1  P.  188. 

2  p.  155. 

3  P.  156. 


*  Pp.  158,  159. 

5  See  below,  p.  112. 

^  See  below,  p.  xlii. 


INTRODUCnOK.  XZxiii 

invaluable  Hifitoiia  Nof  omm.  His  eminence  as  a  scholar  caner  or 
and  divine  led  to  his  nomination  and  election  to  the  see 
of  S.  Andrew's  in  or  a  little  before  the  year  1120.  The 
quarrel  between  York  and  Canterbury  prevented  his 
consecration :  the  king  of  Scots,  Alexander  I.,  insisted  on 
his  receiving  that  rite  from  the  archbishop  of  York ; 
Eadmer  was  a  faithful  supporter  of  the  supremacy  of 
Canterbury.  Unable  to  convince  the  king,  and  unwilling 
to  yield,  he  renounced  the  right  conferred  by  election 
and  returned  to  Canterbury.  In  1122,  the  see  being  still 
vacant,  he  renewed  his  claim,  and  seems  to  have  been 
so  far  successful  that  no  bishop  was  appointed  so  long 
as  he  lived.  He  died  on  the  13th  of  January,  and  pro- 
bably in  the  year  1124.^  His  life  of  Dunstan  and  his 
letter  to  the  monks  of  Glastonbury  furnish  some  fewPenonai 
personal  data.  He  had  been  brought  up  in  the  mo-  Eadmer  in 
nastery,  and  was  old  enough  to  remember  the  luxurious  Dunsun. 
lives  of  the  clergy  and  the  imperative  necessity  for  Lan- 
iranc's  reforms.  He  was  a  little  boy  when  the  ardi- 
bishop  removed  the  coffins  of  Dunstan  and  Elfege, 
preparatory  to  the  rebuilding  of  the  church.  Fifty  years 
afterwards  he  testified  to  the  reality  of  that  translation 
in  order  to  confute  the  fabulous  assertions  of  the  monks 
of  Glastonbury.* 

The  life  of  Dunstan  was  probably   an  early  work,  hib  pains 
Eadmer  was  encouraged  to  undertake  it  by  the  discovery  cor^t  the 
of  Osbem's  mistakes,  and,  it  must  be  added,  his  fabrica-  afbern!"  ^ 


*  >  • 


tions.  He  sought  ii!iformation  from  Ethehred,  his  pre^ 
decessor  in  the  office  of  precentor,  who  had  been  pro- 
moted by  S.  Wulfetan  in  the  monastery  of  Worcester;' 
and  from  the  learned  monk  Nicolas  of  Worcester,  who 
seems  to  have  been  the  treasurer  of  English  traditions 
there.^    He  mentions  in  the  work  no  event  later  than 


*  Wharton,  Anglia  Sacra,  ii.  p. 
xii.,  from  the  Caaterborj  Obituary. 
>  See  pp.  412-422. 


»  Pp.  16d,  164. 
<  Fp.  422-424; 


XXxiv 


INTRODUCTION. 


Possible 
date  of 
EMlmer's 
work. 


Eadmer'a 
Life  less 
popular 
than  Os- 
bem's. 


Called  by 
Surius  the 
work  of 
Osbcrt. 


the  pontificate  of  Anselm,  and  he  infers  to  Anselm  without 
any  of  the  conventional  expressions  which  might  lead 
to  the  belief  that  he  was  dead  when  Eadmer  wrote.  It 
would  seem  probable  then  that  the  book  was  written  at 
least  as  early  as  the  year  1109.  The  letter  to  the  monks 
of  Glastonbury  on  their  claim  to  possess  the  relics  of 
Dunstan,  must  have  been  composed  some  years  later: 
at  least  fifty  years  after  the  translation  of  the  relics^  more 
than  a  hundred  years  after  the  pretended  removal  to 
Glastonbury.^  As  the  earliest  date  for  the  former  of 
these  events  is  the  year  1070,  the  letter  must  have  been 
written  soon  after  1120.  It  will  be  foimd,  together  with 
some  verses  of  Eadmer  on  Dunstan  and  a  letter  of  Nicolas 
on  the  question  who  was  the  mother  of  S.  Edward,  in 
the  seventh  section  of  the  present  volume.^ 

Eadmer's  work  never  obtained  so  wide  a  circulation 
as  Osbem's  had  done.  It  was  written  when  the  cultus 
of  Dunstan  was  on  the  wane.  The  sufferings  of  Anselm, 
in  his  struggle  against  the  royal' claims,  introduced  anew 
idea  of  confessorship.  Dunstan  had  been  the  king's 
prime  minister,  Anselm  was  a  leader  of  opposition,  and 
before  men  had  had  time  to  learn  the  superiority  of 
Eadmer's  work  to  that  of  Osbem,  Canterbury  had  got  a 
new  saint.  The  book,  further,  seems  to  have  been  circu- 
lated anonymously,  for  although  in  the  earliest  MS.,  that 
at  Corpus  Chnsti  College,  Cambridge,  it  appears  among 
the  minor  works  of  Eadmer,  it  must  have  been  copied 
and  sent  abroad  without  any  such  ascription.  Hence, 
when  the  earliest  collector  of  the  Acta  Sanctorum, 
Surius,  found  a  copy  of  it,  knowing  by  report  the  name 
of  Osbem,  or,  as  he  called  him,  Osbert,  as  the  biographer 
of  Dunstan,  he  inferred  that  this  was  his  work,  and 
published  it  imder  the  name  of  Osbert.  The  second 
book,  the  Miracles,  must  also  at  an  early  date  have  been 
circulated  apart  from  the  Vita,  for  if  the  single  MS.  of 


»  Pp.  4U,  420. 


I      3  Pp.  412-425. 


INTEODUCTION. 


XXXV 


the  life  by  William  of  Malmesbuty^  is  to  be  trusted,  the 
former  was  adopted  in  its  integrity  as  a  supplement 
to  WiUiam  of  Malmesbury's  work,  whilst  there  is  no 
certain  proof  that  he  had  ever  seen  Eadmer's  Life. 

The  fifth  Life  of  Dunstan  was  written  for  the  monks  The  fifth 
of  Glastonbury  by  the  historian  William  of  Malmesbury,  wiii'iam  of 
and  was  intended  to  supersede  the  work   of  Osbem,  bury. 
which,  according  to   the  author,  displayed  culpable  ig- 
norance  of   the   antiquities   of   Glastonbury.      As    he 
describes  him  imder  the  title  of  "  Noyas  Scriptor,"  ^  it 
seems  almost   certain  that  he  had   not  seen   Eadmer's 
work,  at  least  when  the  first  hcmk  of  his  own  Life  was 
written,  and  even  in  the  prologue  to  the  second  book, 
which  was  written  later,  and    which    seems    to   show 
some  knowledge  of  Eadmer's  work  on  the  Miracles,  he 
still  criticizes   Osbem  as  the  "  Cantuariensis  cantor."  ^ 
Yet  William   must   have  written  several  years    after  chronoio- 
Eadmer,  for   in   describing   the   benefits   of  Dunstan's  SiSira*^' 
administration  he  refers  to  his  own  "  Gesta  Regum  An-  woS!  **"* 
glorum  "  as  having  been  written  some  years  before,*  and 
the  date  of  that  work  cannot  be  earlier  than  1120.     On 
the  other  hand,  it  is  certainly  strange  that  the  subject 
of  Dunstan's  translation  to  Glastonbury  is  unmentioned, 
although  Eadmer  had  lived  long  enough  to  refute  it.     If 
we  were  able  to  trust  our  MSS.,  which  in  this  case  we 
are   not,'   we  might  argue   thus ; — William,  when   he 
wrote  the  first  book  of  Dimstan's  life,  was  preparing  a 
work  on  the  antiquities  of  Glastonbury,  for  which  he 
used  the  same  authoiities.    After  writing  this  first  book 
he  completed  the  book  on  the  Antiquities  of  Glaston* 


>  P.  322. 
3  p.  251. 
»  p.  288. 

*  P.  305. 

*  See  8ir  T.  D.  Hardy,  Catalogue, 


&c.,  ii.  157,  '*  No  genuine  MS.  (of 
"  the  De  Antiquitate)  has  yet  oc- 
**  curred.  It  has  been  printed  from 
"  a  MS.  avowedly  interpolated." 


xxxvi 


INTRODUCTION, 


The  ques- 
tion of  the 
relation  of 
Eadmer's 
book  to 
WUliam'sis 
not  to  be 
settled  by 
existing 
MS8. 


Question  as 
to  the  rela- 
tion of  bis 
two  works 
on  Glaston* 
bury. 


bury,  and  incorporated  in  it  the  story  of  the  Glaston- 
bury translation,  asserted  to  have  taken  place  in  1012,^ 
after  which  he  wrote  the  second  book  of  the  Life.  If 
we  suppose  that  Eadmer's  letter  to  the  monks  of  Glas- 
tonbury was  called  forth  by  the  stoiy  of  the  Translation, 
which  had  appeared  in  William's  intermediate  work,  we 
may  ascribe  the  silence  *of  the  latter  author  on  the 
subject  in  his  second  book,  to  the  fact  that  he  was  con- 
vinced by  Eadmer's  argument.  Unluckily^  however,  no 
copy  of  the  book  de  Antiquitate  Glastoniensis  Ecclesise 
is  to  be  found,  which  is  proof  against  the  charge  of  inter- 
polation, and  the  manuscript  of  William's  second  book  is 
so  late  in  date  that  ^e  cannot  decide  whether  it  is 
not  more  likely  for  the  story  to  have  been  omitted^ 
and  the  reference  to  Eadmer's  collection  of  the  Miracles 
to  have  been  inserted  by  a  late  transcriber.  Our  data 
are  too  imperfect  to  warrant  any  distinct  conclusion. 

The  difficulty  of  determining  the  connexion  of  the 
Life  of  Dunstan  with  the  "De  Antiquitate"  does  not 
poncem  the  relation  merely  between  William  and 
Eadmer.  In  the  preface  to  the  second  book  of  the  Life 
the  author  states  that  he  has  completed  the  work  "  De 
Antiquitate."  *  In  the  dedication  of  the  work  "  De 
Antiquitate"  he  states  that  he  has  some  time  ago 
completed  the  two  books  on  the  life  of  Dunstan.'  The 
dedication  is  addressed  to  Henry  of  Blois,  bishop  of 
Winchester,  who  only  reached  that  dignity  in  the  year 


*  Thi«  is  giTen  XMrarly  word  for 
word  by  Capgrave  below,  pp.  352, 
353.  See  W.  Malmesb.  ap.  Gale, 
pp.  301,  sq. 

2  P.  288,  "  Antiquitatem  istius 
"  sanctissimi  coenobii  GlastonienslB 
in  quo  ccelcstem  profitemur  mili- 
tiam,  alio  opere,  qoantani  divinus 
"  faTor  afPuit,  abflolvimas ;  quern  si 
cui  voluptati  erit  legcre,  poterit 
alias  apud  nos  inyenire/' 


<{ 


i( 


(( 


it 


'  **  Unde  sicut  astimo  non  con- 
temnendae  stilum  dedi  opere,  qui 
"  beati  Dunstani  prius  Glastonicn- 
Bis  Abbatis,  demum  archiepiscopi 
Cantuariensis,  vitam  labore  meo 
aiternsB  mandayi  memorise,  duos- 
que  libroa  de  hoc  volentibus 
*'  Glastonio  fratribus  ....  dudum 
''  Integra  rerum  veritate  absolvi.*' 
W.  Malmesb.  ap.  Gale,  p.  391. 


(( 


<t 


u 


({ 


it 


INTRODUCTION.  XXXVll 

1129.  The  only  way  of  accounting  for  the  discrepancy  chro^io. 
is  to  suppose  that  the  dedication  was  an  afterthought,  cuities. 
and  if  that  were  so,  the  introduction  of  the  chapter  on 
the  Translation  of  Dunstan  may  have  been  an  after- 
thought also,  foi*  it  is  scarcely  fair  to  the  historian  to 
supp<^e  that  having  suppressed  the  stoiy  in  the  Life 
owing  to  Eadmer  s  remonstrance,  he  reintroduced  it  in 
the  later  edition  of  the  "  De  Antiquitate."  Lastly,  it  is 
quite  possible  that  the  insertion  of  the  story  of  the 
Translation  is  not  to  be  ascribed  to  William  of  Malmes- 
bury  at  all.  Certainly  he  knew  nothing  of  it  when  he 
wi'ote  the  two  great  works  on  which  his  fame  as  a 
historian  depends. 

Besides  Osbem,  William  had  before  him  the  Life  by  JJl^by  "^ 
the   priesft  B.,  which   he   had  seen  at   St.  Augustine's  SffiS'-^' 
,  and  at  S.  Edmund's,  the  work  of  Adelard,  and  certain  ^^^' 
'  writings  in   EngUsh,  the   inemory  of  which   has  now 
I  perished.     He  had  found  also  at  Glastonbury  a  MS.  of 
the  first  Life  with  the  dedication  to  archbishop  Elfric.^ 
His  own  work  never  obtained  popularity,  probably  for 
the  reason  already  given  in  relation  to  Eadmer.      It  is 
known  only   by    one  manuscript,  and  that  of  a  very 
questionable  description.^ 

The  sixth  Life  printed  in  this  volume  is  extracted  CaDgrave's 
from  Capgrave's  compilation,  published  early  in  the  stan. 
fifteenth  century.  Its  author,  it  is  scai'cely  necessaiy 
to  say,  was  the  &mous  provincial  of  the  Augustinian 
friars,  whose  death  is  placed  in  the  year  1464,  and 
whose  theological  and  historical  works  are  sufficiently 
wen  known. 

Before  proceeding  to  trace  the  literary  and  hiistorical 
connexion  of  the  several  Lives,  the  writers  of  which  have 
been  thus  accounted  for,  it  may  be  as  well  to  enumeitite 


>  De  Ant.  Eccl.  Glast.  ed.  Gale,  |      ^  Below^p.  lii. 
p.  293  ;  and  below,  p.  252.  | 


xxxviii 


INTRODUCTION. 


A.  The 
Arras  MS. 


OieMss^'   and  describe  the  several  MSS.  and  printed  texts  that 
uMdfOTthis  have  been  used  in  the  preparation  of  this  edition.     They 
may  be  arranged  in  five  classes  in  the  order  of  the  works 
they  contain. 

1.  Of  the  fir^  Life,  by  the  priest  B.,  there  are  three 
MSS. 

A.  The  Arras  MS.,  representing  as  has  been  said  the 
original  text,  has  been  made  the  basis  of  the  present 
edition.  It  is  numbered  1,029  in  the  Catalogue  made  by 
the  present  librarian,  M.  Caron,  published  at  Arras  in 
1860,  and  No.  812  in  the  General  Catalogue  of  the  MSS. 
of  the  Departments  of  France.^ 

The  volume,  written  late  in  the  tenth  or  early  in  the 
eleventh  century,  contains  besides  the  life  of  Dimstan, 
the  anonymous  life  of  S.  Cuthbert,  described  by  Sir  T.  D. 
Hardy  in  the  Catalogue  of  Materials  for  British  History, 
vol.  I.,  p.  293 ;  the  life  of  S.  Guthlac,  by  the  monk  Felix, 
noticed  in  the  same  work,  vol.  I.,  p.  405  ;  and  the  lives 
of  SS.  Philibert  and  Aychadrus,  abbots  of  Jumieges, 
which  are  printed  in  the  Acta  Sanctorum  of  Mabillon 
and  the  Bollandists,^  this  MS.  in  each  case  having  been 
used  in  the  formation  of  the  text. 

It  is  a  small  quarto  MS.  written  throughout  in  the 
same  hand,  rubricated  in  red,  in  single  column,  eighteen 
lines  to  the  page.  The  life  of  Dunstan  begins  on  folio  66 
and  fills  the  latter  half  of  the  volume.  It  is  unfortunately 
imperfect ;  the  final  folio  had  perished  when  it  was  seen 
by  the  Bollandist  Henschen,  on  his  return  from  Rome  in 
1662,^  and  since  that  time  a  quire  of  sixteen  leaves  has 
been  lost  between  folios  74  and  75  of  the  present  pagina- 
tion. It  was  long  the  property  of  the  monastery  within 
whose  walls  the  library  of  which  it  forms  a  part  is  still 
deposited,  the  great  abbey  of  S.  Vedast.     The  inscription 


1  Catalogue  G^n6ral  des  USS. 
des  Biblioth^uefi  Fubliques  deB 
Departements,  vol.  iv.  p.  322. 

3  Mabillon,  AA.  SS.  Biec.  ii. 
pp.   818-825,   953-971;   AA.   SS. 


Boll.  Sept.  vol.  V.  pp.  86-100 ;  Au- 
gust, vol.  iv.  pp.  75-81. 

3  Act.   SS.  Boll.   May,  vol.  iv. 
p.  3444 


INTRODUCTION.  XXXIX 

"  Bibliothecae  monasterii  S.  Vedasti  "  testifies  to  this,  but 
the  MS.  contains  nothing  that  shows  how  it  came  into 
the  hands  of  the  monks,  or  how  it  fell  into  its  present 
condition. 

AA.  The  S.  Gall  MS.  forms  part  of  the  town  library  AA.The 
of  S.  Grallen,  which  bears  the  name  of  the  reformer  Va- 
dianns,  on  whose  collections  it  is  based.  It  is  numbered 
337  in  the  present  catalogue,  and  described  by  M.  Gustav 
Scherer  in  his  "  Verzeichniss  der  Manuscripte  und  In- 
"  cunabeln  der  Vadianischen  Bibliothek  in  S.  Gallen," 
printed  at  S.  Gallen  in  1864,  pp.  94  and  95 ;  by  Bethmann 
in  Pertz's  Archiv.,  ix.  p.  588,  and  by  Hattemer  in  his 
Denkmahle  der  Mittelalter,  VoL  II.,  part  2,  pp.  593,  594. 

It  is  a  small  folio  MS.  of  ninety-six  pages,  written 
early  in  the  eleventh  century,  rubricated  in  red  and  blue, 
twenty-two  lines  to  the  page,  and  in  single  column.  On 
the  first  page  is  the  letter  of  Abbot  Wulfiric,  already 
referred  to ;  at  the  end,  in  a  thirteenth  century  hand,  are 
the  documents  which  prove  its  connexion  with  the 
monastery  of  Squirs.^ 

A  note  *'ex  bibliotheca  Schobingeri  "  shows  that  it  was 
not  a  part  of  the  collections  of  Yadianus,  but  came  into 
the  library  in  the  seventeenth  century  with  the  books  of 
Bartholomew  Schobinger.  I  am  not  able  to  say  how  it 
came  into  Schobinger's  hands,  or  how  it  had  fared  since  it 
ceased  to  belong  to  the  monastery  of  Squirs  or  la  Beole  ; 
but  it  had  probably  been  carried  off  during  the  wars  of 
Religion. 

B.  The  Ck)ttonian  MS.  Cleopatra  A.  13.  is  a  collection  The  Cotton 

MR 

of  Anglo-Saxon  tracts  and  fragments,  which  are  described 
at  length  by  Wanley  in  the  third  volume  of  Hickes's 
Thesaurus,  p.  201,  and  some  early  pieces  in  Latin.  The 
life  of  Dunstan  fills  thirty-two  folios  numbered  59  to  90, 
written  in  single  column,  not  rubricated,  twenty-four 
lines  to  the  page.  The  chief  peculiarity  of  the  MS.  is 
the  way  in  which  the  letters  ch  are   reversed  in  such 


'  See  above,  p.  xxviii.. 


iKTRODtTCnON. 


The  first 
Life  pulK 
lishedbty 
the  Bol- 
landistB. 


Plan  of  the 

present 

edition. 


words  as  chortis,  which  is  written  hcorus.  This  practice 
runs  through  the  whole  work,  and  may  perhaps,  when 
MSS.,  of  this  date  are  more  extexisively  known,  give  a 
clue  to  the  person  of  the  writer.  The  history  of  the 
MS.,  which  belonged  to  the  library  of  S.  Augustine's 
Canterbury  until  it  fell  into  Sir  Robert  Cotton's  hands, 
has  been  already  given.* 

This  Life  was  first  published  by  the  Bollandists.  Ma- 
billon  had  seen  it,  but  did  not  think  it  worthy  to  be 
printed.  He  gives,  however,  as  a  specimen,  in  his  notes 
on  Osbern,  part  of'  the  prologue,  and  from  time  to  time 
compares  Osbem's  details  with  the  Arras  MS.,  giving 
extracts  from  the  latter,  the  accuracy  of  which  makes  us 
regret  that  he  did  not  print  it  entire.  It  abounded^  he 
says,  with  difficulties,  "  scatet  salebris,"  and  was  such  a 
"stribiligo"  altogether  as  to  be  unworthy  of  light.* 
Fortunately  Henschen  thought  differently,  and  imperfect 
as  it  was,  published  it  among  the  Bollandist  Acta  Sanc- 
torum for  May,  vol.  IV.,  pp.  34>4  to  358.  Mabillon  s 
notes  and  Henschen's  edition  appeared  in  the  same  year, 
1685;  both  are  reprinted  by  the  Abb?  Migne  in  the 
139th  and  149th  volumes  of  the  Patrologia. 

In  the  present  edition  the  following  course  has  been 
adopted.  The  superior  originality  of  the  Arras  text  being 
indisputable,  it  was  necessary  to  take  it  for  the  basis. 
For  the  luifortimate  lacuna,'  extending  from  page  10 
line  14,  to  page  24  line  9,  of  this  volume,  it  was  necessary 
to  take  the  Bollandist  edition,  correcting  the  obvious 
misprints  and  classical  forms  of  the  Latin  by  the  Cot- 
tonian  MS.,  but  not  altering  the  arrangement  of  words. 
Fortunately  this  was  easy  to  do,  as,  with  the  exception  of 
the  versified  parts,  the  two  versions  were  nearly'identical. 
As  to  the  concluding  page,^  which  was  wanting  in  the 


*  Above,  p.  xxix. 

2  AA.  SS.  O.  S.  B.  sflBC.  V.  pp. 
639-642,  646,  648,  sq. 

3  The  lacuna  begins  at  the  word 


robora,  p.  10,  line   14;    and  ends 
with  the  word  prsscipitii,  p.  24,  line 


9. 


*  Pp.  51,  52. 


INTRODUCTION.  xli 

Arras  MS.  a  different  plan  was  taken.  That  page  con- 
tains an  acconnt  of  the  miraculous  lifting  up  of  Dunstan's 
bed  shorUy  before  his  death,  which  is  not  given  in  the 
S.  Gall  MS.,  and  was  apparently  unknown  to  Adelard. 
It  seemed  more  likely  to  have  been  added  in  the  later 
copy,  than  to  have  been  intentionally  omitted  in  the 
earlier.  The  last  page  is  accordingly  completed  from 
the  S.  Gall  MS.  The  collation  of  the  Cottonian  MS.  is 
given  in  the  notes ;  that  of  the  S.  Gall  MS.,  for  which  I 
am  indebted  to  Dr.  ^Dierauer,  the  present  librarian  of 
Yadianus's  librarj^  is  given  at  pp.  458-472. 

2.  For  the  edition  of  Adelard's  Life  three  manuscripts 
have  been  used. 

C.  The  first  is  the  Cottonian  MS.,  Nero  C.  7.,  a  noble  c.  The 
folio  MS.  of  the  twelfth  centurj'',  which  contains  several  of  Adeiard. 
other  biographies.  It  is  written  in  double  columns, 
rubricated  in  red,  thirty-nine  lines  to  the  page,  and 
illuminated  with  figures  of  angels  and  a  very  fine  initiax 
capital  D.  The  life  of  Dunstan  fills  five  folios  numbered 
72  vo.  to  77,  and  the  division  into  twelve  lectiones  is  well 
marked.     This  MS.  furnishes  our  text. 

G.  The  second  MS.  of  Adelard  is  the  propeiiy  of  the  S* '"''JJinn 
Honourable  Society  of  Gray's  Inn,^  and  is  numbered  3  in  M8.of  Ade- 
the  new  catalogue.  It  is  a  beautiful  folio  MS.,  almost  as 
fine  as  the  Cottonian,  and  perhaps  half  a  century 
earlier,  and  contains  a  number  of  lives  of  the  saints  of 
much  the  same  character.  It  consists  of  161  folios 
written  in  double  columns,  rubricated  in  red,  40  lines  to 
the  page.  The  life  of  Dunstan  fills  thi'ee  folios  num- 
bered 75  to  78b.  It  omits  the  prologue,  and  one  long 
passage  of  considerable  importance  containing  the  vision 
of  Elfgai'.*  Its  various  readings,  which  are  not  of  any 
great  significance,  are  given  in  the  notes. 


*  A   Catalogue   of    the   Ancient  MSS.  belonging  to  the  Honourable 
Society  of  Gray's  Inn,  p.  3. 

*  Pp.  64,  65. 


xlii  INTRODUCrriON. 

Lambeth         ^-  -^  third  copy  of  this  Life  is  found  in  the  Lambeth 
MS.  159.      jfg^  159,  a  paper  folio  of  the  sixteenth  century,  which 
contains  several  other  biographies  of  the   Canterbury 
saints,   and  which  has  been  very  useful  to  me  in  pre- 
paring this  work.     This  copy  is  a  transcript  of  that  in 
the  Cottonian  Nero  C.  7. 
ufe^known        ^^  work  of  Adclard   is  found,  no   doubt,  in  many 
landSS^*"    continental  libraries,  although  I  have  not  been  so  for- 
wharton.     tunate  as  to  light  upon  a  copy.     It  waa  known  to  the 
the^prS-******  BoUandists,  and  through  them,  apparently,  to  Mabillon^ 
loffue.         y^Y^Q  ^QQQ  jjqi  mention  it  in  his  commentary  on  Osbem, 

and  was  probably  unaware  of  its  existence  in  1685. 
Henschen  had  seen  it  in  tlie  monastery  of  Bee  in 
Normandy,'  remarking  that  it  did  not  contain  the 
responsoria  which,  according  to  the  prologue,  originally 
formed  part  of  it.  He  gave  extracts  from  it  in  the 
notes  to  Osbem,  but  did  not  print  it,  regarding  it  chiefly 
as  an  abridgment  of  the  earUer  Life,  and  preferring  the 
authority  of  Osbem  for  the  additions  common  to  the 
later  authors.  Henry  Wharton,  in  1691,  printed  the 
prologue  by  itself  in  the  Anglia  Sacra,  vol.  II.,  p.  148, 
from  the  Lambeth  MS.  I  am  not  aware  that  this  book 
has  ever  been  printed,  and  the  present  is  probably  the 
first  edition. 

Numerous  3.  The  manuscripts  of  Osbem's  work  are  very  numerous, 
osbern's  but  with  the  cxccption  of  the  corrected  passages  refer- 
ring to  Edgar's  penance,  the  birth  of  Edward,  and  the 
offence  given  to  Dunstan  after  death  by  the  cathedral 
clergy,  they  present  a  very  uniform  text,  and  furnish 
few  or  rather  no  various  readings  of  importance.  They 
differ,  however,  very  much  in  respect  of  completeness. 
Some  omit  the  prologue,  some  contain  the  Life  without 
the  miracles,  some  break  off  without  the  final  paragraphs 
of  the  Life,  some  omit  considerable  portions  of  the  mira- 
cles.    These  variations  scarcely  indicate  several  editions, 

1  AA.  8S.  Boll.  May,  yoL  iy.  p.  844. 


INTRODUCTION. 


xliii 


bat  rather  result  from  the  purpose  of  the  particular 
copyist,  and  accordingly  offer  no  principle  of  division 
except  according  to  quantity.  The  following  MSS.  have 
been  used,  and  collated  for  this  edition. 

D.  This  is  the  Bodleian  MS.,  Digby,  110,  a  verygig^fno. 
beautiful  thirteenth  century  manuscript  in  quarto,  con* 
taining  only  the  lives  of  Elfege  and  Dimstan,  the  latter 
of  which  begins  at  folio  35,  and  extends  to  folio  88. 
It  is  written  in  double  columns,  rubricated  in  red  and 
blue,  twenty-two  lines  to  the  page.  It  does  not  con- 
tain the  prologue  or  the  miracles,  omits  the  contested 
passages  on  Eklgar  s  penance,^  and  ends  with  the  word 
veniret,  p.  128,  leaving  out  the  promise  of  the  book  on 
the  miracles. 

E.  The  Cottonian    MS.,   Tiberius,  D.  3,  is  a  large  B.^igj,cot- 
folio  MS.,  much  burnt  at  the  edges.     It  is  a  thirteenth  ^' 
century  MS.,  written  in  double  columns,  rubricated  in 

red  and  green,  forty-three  lines  to  the  page.  The 
volume  comprises  a  large  collection  of  Lives,  that  of 
Dunstan  occupying  folios  118  to  134.  The  Life  is  com- 
plete, having  both  the  prologue,  the  contested  passages, 
and  the  proper  conclusion.  The  Miracles  follow,  but  only 
a  fragment  remains,  ending  with  the  words  "qui 
"  homines  "  at  p.  133  of  the  present  volume. 

F.  The  Arundel  MS.,  16,  in  the  library  of  the  British  ?.m.s. 

-»*  /»  ■»*■«       /•    t  I/*!  Arundel  16. 

Museum,  a  fine  octavo  MS.  of  the  twelfth  century,  115 
folios,  single  column,  thirty-three  lines  to  the  page.  It 
contains  the  whole  work  in  very  good  form,  but  the 
contested  passages  have  been  erased  and  subsequently 
supplied  by  Josselin,  who  also  has  added  the  miracle 
of  Egelward  (pp.  144  to  151)  which  bad  been  either 
omitted  or  torn  out  of  the  volume.     This  MS.  also  con- 


*  The  contested  passages  so  con- 
stantly referred  to  in  the  following 
pages  are  (1)  the  sentence  touching 
the  dedication  of  Worcester  Cathe< 
dral,  p.  106;  (2)  that  concerning 


the  foundation  of  Shafteshury,  p. 
112;  (3)  that  on  the  hirth  of  S. 
Edward,  also  p.  112;  and  (4)  that 
on  the  spurcitia  malorum,  p.  142. 


xliv 


INTRODUCTION. 


H.MS. 
Harl.  56. 


I.  MS. 
HfU-l.  315. 


K.  MS.  Cot- 
ton, Tib.  D. 
4. 


L.  MS. 

Lambetli, 

159. 


tains  on  an  inserted  sKp  the  letters  on  the  miracle  at 
Saprington,  which  was  worked  up  by  ESadmer  in  his 
text. 

H.  The  Harleian  MS.  56,  closely  resembles  the  last- 
mentioned  MS,  It  contains  the  prologue  and  the  con- 
tested passages,  the  first  fourteen  chapters  of  the  miracles, 
and  part  of  the  sixteenth  chapter.  The  scribe  seems  to 
have  grown  tired  of  his  task,  and  stops  just  before  the 
accoimt  of  the  burning  of  the  cathedral. 

I.  The  Harleian  MS.  815,  a  folio  MS.  of  the  twelfth 
century,  written  in  double  columns,  contains  only  a 
fragment  of  the  Life,  beginning  with  the  words  "  fidem 
veram,"  p.  78  and  ending  with  "  legere,"  p.  129,  in  the 
middle  of  the  prologue  to  the  Miracles.  In  the  con- 
tested passages  the  word  quoddam  is  substituted  as  in 
MS.  for  the  name  of  Shaftesbury,  and  the  accoxmt  of  the 
birth  of  Edward  is  erased. 

K.  The  CottonianMS.  Tiberius  D.  4.  This  is  a  very 
fine  fplio  MS.  of  the  twelfth'century,  which  has  sufferedl)y 
fire,  but  contains  nearly  the  whole  work,*  fairly  legible. 
It  contains  a  collection  of  Lives,  that  of  Dunstan  filling 
folios  282  to  304v^.  It  is  written  in  double  columns, 
forty-two  lines  to  the  page,  and  has  red  initial  letters. 
The  text  is  tolerably  complete,  and  contains  the  contested 
passage  about  Edward,  but  omits  the  story  of  the  founda- 
tion of  Shaftesbury  and  alters  the  relative  position  of 
the  22nd  and  23rd  chapters  of  the  miracles. 

L.  The  Lambeth  MS.  159,  which  has  been  mentioned 
as  containing  the  work  of  Adelard,*  comprises  that  of 
Osbem  as  well.  This  is  not  a  good  copy.  It  has  the 
prologue,  omits  the  contested  passages  of  the  Life,  and 


»  Pp.  144,  145. 

3  The  most  important  omission  is 
of  that  the  whole  of  c.  6  of  the  Life, 
which  shows  perhaps  that  the  MS. 
has  belonged  to  Glastonbury,  the 
tradidonal  antiquity    of  which  is 


disparaged  in  that  chapter.     This 
MS.  also  omits  the  word  primus, 
which  would  make   Dunstan    the 
first  abbot  of  Olastonbury,  p.  92«^ 
^  Above,  p.  xlii. 


nnpRODuenoN. 


xlv 


the  twenty-fooxih  and  twenty-fifth  chapters  of  the  Theism. 
minudes.  It  is  an  intereating  volume,  origixiuy,  it  would  IS""' 
seem  from  the  inscriptions  it  contains,  the  property 
of  James  Harley  a  monk  of  Christ  Church,  Canterbury, 
who  probably  was  the  writer ;  then  of  William  Hadley, 
who  died  on  the  28th  of  January  1546.  Hadley  was 
the  first  prebendary  of  the  eighth  stall  at  Canterbury : 
he  gave  the  volume  to  John  Sarysbury,  after  whom 
Richard  Hatton,  Bachelor  of  Arts  of  Oxford,  possessed  it, 
and  soon  after  his  time  it  must  have  come  to  Lambeth. 
It  has  been  annotated  by  Sancroft,  and,  containing  as  it 
does  a  large  portion  of  the  Canterbury  Hagiography, 
is  altogether  a  very  interesting  book. 

M.  The  Paris  MS.  Latin  2475,^  once  in  Colbert's  m.  The  Paris 
Library  (Colb.  1418,  R  3791)  is  of  the  thirteenth  centuiy,  ^®  ^^' 
and  contains  lives  of  Cuthbert,  Elfege,  Odo,  Edmund,  and 
Bede.  It  is  a  large  folio  volume  written  in  double  columns, 
32  lin^  to  the  page.  The  life  of  Dunstan  begins  at 
folio  106.  It  omits  the  contested  passages  of  the  life, 
and  the  miracle  of  Egelward,  c.  19  of  the  second  hook  ; 
but  has  at  the  conclusion  of  each  book  a  number  of 
elegiac  verses  in  honour  of  Dunstan,  which  are  found  in 
no  other  MS.  ^  This  is  a  fine  and  perfect  text,  but  bears 
a  few  marks  of  revision  which  cannot  be  ascribed  to  the 
author. 

N.  The  P^ris  MS.  Latin  6284*  (Colbert  2632,  R.  l^)  g^''^^^' 
was  written  early  in  the  13th  century.  It  is  in  folio, 
double  columns,  34  lines  to  the  page,  and  besides  the 
life  of  Dunstan,  contains  the  biographies  of  several  early, 
saints,  all  except  S.  Brendan  belonging  to  the  continental 
churches.  Osbem's  work  begins  on  folio  161  and  ends 
on  folio  181 ;  it  has  the  prologue   and  the  contested 


>  See  the  Catalogue  of  the  MSS. 
of  the  Boyal  Libraiy,  vol.  iii.  pp. 
286,  287. 

'  See  pp.  128,  161,  below. 


>  See  the  Catalogue  of  the  MSS. 
of  the  Royal  Library,  vol.  iv.  pp. 
68,  69. 


xlvi 


INTBODUCTION. 


p.  The  Paris 
MS.  5089. 


passages,  but  not  the  miracles,  ending  with  a  doxology 
after  the  word  veniret,  at  p.  128. 
o.  The  PariB  O.  The  Paris  MS.  Latin  5348/  (Colbert  1049,  R.  ^fft), 
belonging  to  the  twelfth  or  early  thirteenth  century ; 
a  folio  in  double  columns,  36  lines  to  the  page.  It  con- 
tains lives  of  Brendan,  Cuthbert,  Anselm,  and  Dunstan, 
the  last  filling  folios  68  to  88.  It  is  very  perfect  as 
far  as  it  goes,  having  the  prologue,  the  contestedj)assages, 
and  the  miracles,  but  has  unfortunately  lost  the  last  leaf, 
ending  with  the  words  "adjuvante  et  Dunstano,"  p.  159. 
P.  The  Paris  MS.  Latin  5989 « (Colbert  375,  R.  5^96), 
once  the  property  of  J.  Pithou,  contains  a  considerable 
fragment  of  Osbem's  Life  of  Dunstan,  and  a  life  of  S. 
Romanus  of  Rouen.  It  is  of  the  14th  century,  folio, 
double  columns,  36  lines  to  the  page.  Osbem's  work 
begins  at  folio  31,  without  the  prologue,  and  ends  with 
the  words  "  non  denique  ullo  humani,"  p.  100. 

R.  The  Bodleian  MS.  285,  of  the  twelfth  century,  is 
a  large  volume  of  183  foHos  containing  a  considerable 
collection  of  the  lives  of  the  saints.  It  is  written  in 
double  columns,  rubricated  in  red  and  green,  thirty-six 
lines  to  the  page.  The  Ufe  of  Dunstan  fills  folios  83  v^. 
to  99 ;  it  has  no  prologue  and  does  not  contain  the 
miracles,  but  has  the  contested  passages,  and  ends  with 
the  word  veniret,  p.  128. 

MS.  CC.  The  MS.  328 »  in  the  Library  of  Corpus 
Christi  College,  Cambridge,  once  the  property  of  Win- 
chester Cathedral,  "Liber  Ecclesise  Sancti  Swythuni 
WyntonisB,"  contains  a  very  fine  and  perfect  copy  of 
Osbem.  It  is  an  octavo  of  78  leaves,  of  the  twelfth 
century,  in  single  column,  rubricated  in  red,  and  with 
finely  ornamental  initial  letters.  It  has  both  the  life  and 
the  miracles,  with   the  contested  passages,  untouched. 


£L  The  Bod- 
leian MS. 
285. 


CC.  The 
Gorpua  MS. 


>  See  the  Catalogue  of  the  M8S. 
of  the  Boyal  Libraiy,  loL  ir.  pp. 
lOi,  104. 


^  Ibid.  yol.  iv.  p.  188. 
'  See  Naemith's  Catalogue  of  the 
Corpus  MSS.,  p.  847. 


INTRODUCTION.  xlvU 

After  the  life  it  has  "  Missa  Sancti  Dunstani/'  ^  fo.  75 ; 
which  is  probably  also  the  work  of  Osbem,  and  which 
is  printed  in  this  volume  at  p.  442. 

MS.  DD.  The  MS.  42,'  also  in  the  Library  of  Corpus  dd.  The 
Christi  College,  Cambridge,  contains  Osbem's  Life,  to- 42. 
gether  with  those  of  S.  Martin  and  S.  Edmund,  and 
some  other  pieces.  It  is  written  in  a  twelfth  century 
hand  in  single  column,  40  lines  to  the  page.  It  has 
the  prologue,  agrees  with  MS.  M.  in  substituting  ''  ali- 
"  quod "  for  the  name  of  Shaftesbury  in  the  account  of 
Edgar's  penance,  leaves  out  the  birth  of  Edward,  and 
ends  with  the  Vords  "videantur  qute  dicamus,"  p.  128, 
omitting  the  miracles  and  the  prefatory  paragraph  at 
the  end  of  the  life.  The  volume  once  belonged  to  John 
^l^ingwolde,  a  monk  of  Dover. 

Besides  these  MSS.,  all  of  which  have  been  used  for  otherMss. 

of  OBbern. 

this  edition,  there  is  one  in  the  Vatican,  MS.  Christina 
646,  fol.  1-50;'  an  octavo  of  the  twelfth  century.  The 
Cottonian  MS.  Yitellius  D.  15^  also  contained  Osbem's 
life,  but  has  been  nearly  destroyed  by  fire,  and  has  now  no 
fragment  of  it  that  can  be  detected.*  The  Library  of 
MontpeUier  possesses  a  complete  copy  in  the  second 
volume  of  its  magnificent  collection  of  lives  numbered  first 
in  the  catalogue,*  and  once  the  property  of  the  monastery 
of  Clairvaux ;  and  in  the  binding  of  MSS.  35,  37,  40, 
and  62,  of  the  library  of  Boulogne-sur-Mer,  are  four 
fragments  of  another  ancient  copy  which  once  belonged 
to  the  great  abbey  of  S*  Bertin.* 

Osbem's  Life  has  been  three  times  edited,  the  miracles 
twice. 


>  Below,  p.  442. 
'  Nasmith'«  Catalogue,  p.  26. 
'  Hardy's  Catalogue  of  Materials, 
i.  598. 

*  Ibid.  p.  597. 

•  Catalogue  G^ndnl  des  MSS.  des 
Biblioth^nes    publiqaea  des   D4- 


partements,  toI.  i.  p.  S83.  Uardy, 
Catalogue  of  Materials,  i.  599.  The 
Laon  MS.  163,  mentioned  by  Sir 
T.  D.  Hardy,  is  a  copy  of  Eadmer, 
not  of  Osbem. 

'  Catalogue  G^n^ral,  &c.,  vol.  It. 
pp.  595,  596,  613* 

d  2 


xlviii 


INTRODUCTION. 


Osbern. 
edited  by 
MabiUon ; 


by  the  Bol 
btndisto  *. 


Mabillon,  in  the  Acta  Sanctorum,  88BC  IV.,^  published 
in  1685,  gave  both  the  life  and  miracles  from  a  MS. 
which  had  belonged  to  de  Thou  and  afterwards  to  Col- 
bert, and  which  may  safely  be  identified  with  MS.  M. 
described  above. 

The  Bollandist  fathers,  also  in  1685,  published  both 
life  and  miracles,  in  their  fourth  volume  for  the  month 
of  May,  pp.  359-884 ;  from  two  MSS.  "  Antwerpiensi 
"  ct  Bonifontensi."  Their  text  is  almost  word  for  word 
the  same  as  Mabillon's,  but  does  not  contain  the  con- 
cluding versed.  Besides  the  Antwerp  MS.,  which  the 
editors  saved  from  destruction  by  purchasing  it,  and  the 
Bonfont  MS.,  they  mention  a  third  which  they  had  seen 
at  Bodickheim  in  Westphalia. 

Henry  Wharton,  my  most  illustrious  predecessor  in 
the  charge  of  the  archiepiscopal  library  at  Lambeth, 
published  in  1691  the  life  and  the  prologue  to  the 
miracles  in  the  second  volume  of  the  Anglia  Sacra^  pp. 
88-121.  He  had  used  only  the  Lambeth  MS.  159 :  thus 
by  a  curious  fatality  the  contested  passages,  although 
they  occurred  in  so  many  of  the  MSS.,  and  in  all  the 
good  ones,  have  not  \mtil  now  been  printed,  and  com- 
mentators have  supposed  that  the  criticisms  of  Eadmer 
and  William  of  Mahnesbury  refer  jbo  a  lost  biography.* 
andMigne.  The  Abb^  Migne  in  the  149th  volume  of  the  Patrologia 
has  reprinted  among  the  works  of  Osbern,  the  Life  and 
Miracles  of  Dunstan  from  Mabillon  and  the  BoUandists. 


bj  Henry 
hutou; 


^ 


Eadmer*8 
Life  in  MS. 


4.  Eadmer's  Life  of  Dunstan  i^  very  rare  in  MS.,  con- 
trasting strongly  in  that  respect  with  tJie  work  of  Osbern. 
On  the  pther  hand  we  possess,  in  the  MS.  which  has 
been  used  for  the  text  of  this  edition,  what  is  either  the 


iJPp.  659-688  of  the  edition  of 
1685;  pp.  639>684  of  the  Venice 
edition,  which  I  have  used  in  pre- 
paring this  Tolome. 


=  Hardy,  Catalogue,  i.  602 ;  Whar- 
ton, Ang.  Sac.  ii.  211. 


IKTKODUCfnON.  xlix 

autograph  of  Eadmer  hiniBelf,  or  a  copy  taken  directly 
and  immediately  from  the  original. 

'  P.  This  is  ihe  MS.  371  in  the  library  of  Corpus  Christi  p.  The  Cor- 
CoUege,  Cambridge,  which  also  possesses  a  MS.,  pro-  fi^en'" 
bably  original,  of  the  invaluable  Historia  Novorum 
by  the  same  author.  It  is  a  fair  quarto  MS.  of  the 
twelfth  century,  and  bears  a  contemporary  title,  "  Opus- 
'^  cula  Edmeri  Cantoris."  It  is  written  for  the  most  part 
in  single  column,  33  lines  to  the  page.  It  contains, 
as  the  title  states,  all  the  minor  works  of  Eadmer,  in- 
cluding besides  the  Life  of  Dunstan,  the  lives  of  Wilfrid, 
Bregwin,  Odo,  Oswald,  and  Anselm,  and  three  other 
pieces  printed  in  the  present  volume,  the  verses  on 
Dunstan,^  the  letter  to  the  monks  of  Glastonbury,^  and 
the  letter  of  Nicolas  of  Worcester  on  the  mother  of 
S.  EdwanL'  Besides  these  the  MS.  has  several  devo- 
tional compositions  of  Eadmer,  some  of  which  are  printed 
by  Gerberon  and  Migne  in  the  Appendix  to  their  edition 
of  the  works  of  Anselm,  and  some  of  which  are  yet 
impublished. 

The  life  of  Dunstan  fills  fojios  103  to  154  of  the  MS.  <Hher  mss. 

of  Eadmer. 

Another  MS.  of  Eadmer  s  Life  is  found  in  the  MS.  163 
bis,  of  the  public  library  of  Laon ;  *  a  volume  which  con- 
tains also  the  lives  of  S.  Cuthbert,  S.  Oswald,  and  S.  Aidan. 
It  is  a  foHo  MS.  of  the  twelfth  century,  and  was  formerly 
the  property  of  the  monastery  of  Yaudair.  It  contains 
both  the  life  and  the  miracles. 

These  are  the  only  two  MSS.  which  are  known  to 
contain  the  entire  work.  Two  others  have,  however, 
been  used  in  the  preparation  of  this  edition,  which  may 
be  ncTticed  here. 

The  Cottonian  MS.  Nero  E.  1,  is  a  weU-known  trea-  HySP***^** 
sury  of  early  hagiology.     It  contains,  bound  up,  almost  b.i. 
wantonly,  with  a  mass  of  much  earlier  matter,  a  life  of 


'  P.  424. 
•  P.  412. 
»  P.  422. 


*  Catalogue  Q^^nd,  &c.,  toI.  it 
p.  122. 


1 


INTRODUCTION. 


The  Life  in  Dunstan,  which  has  been  understood  to  be  Eadmer's,  but 

the  Nero        .  '  ' 

MS.  >»  j^.^  IS  in  reality  a  composite  work,  made  up  of  long  extracts 
from  this  author,  and  from  the  corresponding  work  of 
William  of  Malmesbury.  The  life  of  Dunstan  occupies 
folios  401  V**  to  409  v**,  written  in  double  columns,  46 
Unes  to  the  page,  rubricated  in  red,  and  with  red  and 
blue  initial  letters.  The  penmanship  is  of  the  thirteenth 
century.  A  collation  of  the  whole  shows  that  it  is 
worthless  as  illustrating  the  text  of  Eadmer.^ 

The  Lansdowne  MS.  436,  in  the  library  of  the  British 
Museum,  is  a  collection  of  lives  adapted  to  the  use  of  the 
nuns  of  Romsey :  "  Iste  liber  est  de  Ubrario  ecclesise 
Sanctee  Marise  et  Sanctae  Ethelfledse  Virginis  de 
Romesey."  It  is  written  throughout  in  a  good  four- 
teenth century  hand,  in  double  columns^  rubricated  in 
red  and  blue.     The  life  of  Dunstan  fills  folios  69  v*  to 


The  Lans- 
downe MS. 
436. 


tt 


€t 


>  The  following  collation  is  suffi- 
cient to  indicate  its  contents: — 

The  text  of  Eadmer  is  kept  pretty 
closely  from  th»  beginning  (p.  165) 
to  "sortitus  est,"  p.  175,  Prom  p. 
1 7  5  to  1 80  is  omitted.  It  begins  again 
**  Sublato"  p.  180,  and  continues  to 
"operam  dedit,"  p.  184.  Pp.  184- 
187  omitted.  It  resumes  with  '*  Post 
"  httc  "  to  "  consignavit,*'  p.  187 : 
then,  omitting  the  interrening  por- 
tions, '*  Ipse  quadam  die,"  p.  188, 
to  *' consecrari,"  p.  189.  Then 
comes  the  first  extract  from  Wil- 
liam of  Malmesbury,  "Sepulto 
"  i^tur,"  p.  282,  to  "  petulantiam," 
p.  283.  Returning  to  Eadmer, 
*<  £rat  in  illis  diebus,"  p.  190,  to 
«exsequens,"  p.  197;  "memorato 
"Odone,"  p.  197,  to  "ascendit," 
p.  198.  After  this  we  have  a  sen- 
tence abridged  from  William  of 
Malmesbury,  p.  293,  '*nec  minus 
'*  cum  Cantoariensi  primatu  susce- 

pit  beati  Andrea  in  urbe  Bofensi 

sedem,  qu»  nunquam  potest  di- 
'<  Telli  ab  ejus  caritate  sictit  neo 


<f 


•< 


«  membrumacapite."  Then,  from 
William  of  Malmesbury,  "Pro 
**  more,"  p.  294,  to  "  impetravit," 
p.  296,  with  the  date  of  Pope  John's 
letter,  p.  298:—**  Beatnm  "— **  bo- 
**  nus  Odo,"  p.  299 ;  **Eo  tempore  " 
-— "  riTum,"  p.  305— •*  Interea  rex,*' 
p.  306 — *<  conoedentibus,"  p.  808  ; 
•*  Quadam  deinde,"  p.  315— "desi- 
**derio,"  p.  317;  "multa  sunt— 
"  transierat,''  p.  817.  The  story  of 
Edgar's  Sunday  hunt  is  given  from 
Eadmer,  **  Alio  quodam  " — "  canit," 
p.  207;  **dies  igitur,"  p.  217,  to 
**  dilapsi  sunt,''  p.  218 ;  *'  Dnnstanus 
"itaque,"  p.  219,  to  **habcre8," 
p.  219  ;  "mox  autem,"  p.  219,  to 
« exspectabat,"  p.  221.  Then, 
«  mente  sobria,"  p.  320,  to  '*  timen- 
"  tibus  se,"  p.  320 ;  from  William. 
•*  Tunc  subito  "  to  **  pr»mium," 
Eadmer,  p.  221.  **  Transiit  autem  " 
— '^immensa,"  W.  Malmesb.  p.  821. 
«  Sepultu8"-i^"ascendebatur,"  Ead- 
mer, p.  221:— "Cai  est  honor  et 


"  gloria     in 
**  Amen." 


ssecula    ssoulorum. 


INTRODITCfriON. 


U 


68.    It  is  an  abridgment  of  Eadmer's  work,  and  contains  This  u  an 
nottiing  fix>m  any   other  source.     A  collation  of  both 
these  MSS.  will  be  found  in  the  notes.^ 

A  late  copy  of  the  book  on  the  miracles  is  annexed  to 
William  of  Itibdmesbury's  life  of  Dunstan  in  MS.  Rawlinson, 
Misc.  263,  an  accoimt  of  which  will  be  found  further  on. 

The  Life  by  Eadmer  was  printed  by  Surius,  in  hisfl^nus's 
collection  of  the  Acta  Sanctorum^  first  in  1573,  and  re- 


^  The  Lansdowne  Life  is  divided 
into  twenty-three  chapters: — 

1.  Beatiu — amissmn,p.  165.  De- 
hinc — reveni  sunt,  p.  166. 

2.  Proficiebat  udqne  beatos  Dun- 
stanns  in  scientia  et  moribos,  cujos 
0iiiiimiim  stadium,  p.  168-~deTitaret. 
Sciens,  p.  169— concedi,  p.  170: 
followed  by  an  abridgment  of  c.  6. 

3.  Post  aliquantos,  p.  173— sor- 
titus  eat,  p.  175. 

4.  SuUato,  p.  180 — persolTere 
fecit,  p.  181. 

5.  Inde  ad  hospitium,  p.  181 — 
■ompeiss^  p.  182. 

6.  Contigit,  p.  183— testati  ennt, 
p.  184. 

7.  Post  httc  rrge  E.  occiso,  p.  184 
Yeiy  much  abridged,  to  admontut, 
p.  187. 

8.  Post  fannc,  p.  187— ^eseeTeim, 
p.  189,  Tery  much  abridged. 

9.  Inter  beati,  p.  189 — coram  Deo 
adyertit,  p.  195,  abridged. 

10.  The  Tision  of  Edwy's  soul, 
p.  196,  abridged,  to  Cantuariensis 
eflfectos,  p.  197.  Hie  copyist  has 
then  grown  weary:  **  Quis  igitor  in 

ennctis  qwe  religion!  competmit 
]>nn8tanQ8  fderit,  videlicet,  cigus 
virtatis  ad  omnes  omniom  per- 
sonanon  injnstitias  deprimendas, 
ad  bona  qnsqne  opera  fovenda  et 
<*  mimienda  extiterit,  qui  novit  his- 
**  torias  et  legerit  Vitas  sanctorum 
*^  temporis  sui  cognoecit.  Ided  non 


M 


(( 


« 


« 


opus  esse  arbitror  ut  me  brevitati 
"  studentem  in  iUis  scribendis  fati- 
*'  get    grandis    labor.      Nonnulla 

tamen  de  miraculis  qus  arcbiepi- 

scopus  gessit,  breyiter  subnecten- 

tur." 

11.  Abridgment  of  c.  27  of  Ead- 
mer. 

12.  Per  idem — quiescent,  p.  205, 
ut  pluribus  omissis  in  sequentibus 
patebit  ezempUs. 

13.  Alio  quodam — canit,  p.  207. 

14.  Quadam  noote,  p.  208 — mo' 
dulatos  sunt,  p.  209. 

15.  Ordo  clericalis,  p.  211 — eli- 
minatis,  p.  212. 

16.  Quod  citato  gressu,  p.  212 — 
nemo  fnit,  p.  213. 

17.  niis  autem,  p.  213 — snarum, 
p.  214. 

18.  Inter  Imbc,  p.  214— asseruit, 
p.  215. 

19.  Posth8ecdie8,p.217— dilapsi 
sunt,  p.  218. 

21.  (sic)  DnnstanuB  itaqne,  p. 
219 — ascendebatur,  p.  221. 

22.  The  account  of  the  transla- 
tion by  Lanfranc  and  ctnre  of  the 
deaf  woman,  from  the  Book  of 
Miracles,  p.  232,  to  the  word  efifecti, 
p.  233. 

23.  Accedit  post  hsec,  an  abridg- 
ment of  the  story  of  ^;elward,  p. 
234,  as  &r  as  the  word  *'  examina- 
tio,**  p.  238,  and  there  the  Vita 
ends* 


lii 


INTBODUCTIOK. 


Ediiioiior  printed  in  1576-1581,  in  1581  at  Venice,  and  in  1618  at 
Life.  '  Cologne.  In  the  Venice  edition  it  fills  folios  99^^  to 
106  V*.  The  editor  added  a  compendium  of  the  mirades, 
retaining  for  the  most  part  the  language  of  the  original, 
but  very  much  abridged.  He  ascribed  the  whole,  as  has 
been  already  mentioned,  to  an  imaginary  Osbert. 
Portions  MabiUon,  in  his  appendices  to  the  life  by  Osbem,  re- 

SyMabiUon;  printed  firom  Surius  such  portions  of  the  life  by  Eadmer 
as  furnished  new  information,  and  published  from  a  MS. 
.  Itt  Compiegne,  which  had  no  author's  name,  a  consider- 
able part  of  the  book  on  the  miracles.  These  will  be 
found  at  pp.  684-695  of  the  Venice  edition,  pp.  689-712 
of  the  original  edition  of  1685. 

The  BoUandists  in  1685  also  gave  large  illustrative 
extracts  from  Surius  (AA.  SS.  Maii,  vol.  iv.  pp.  359  sq.). 
They  had  a  copy  of  it  in  a  fine  MS.  Legendary  of  the 
Saints  of  May  and  June.  In  the  year  1688  they  printed, 
from  a  MS.  of  their  own  and  from  Mabillon,  the  extracts 
from  the  miracles ;  AA.  SS.  Maii,  vii.  pp.  812-816. 

Henry  Wharton  in  1691  printed,  in  ilie  second  volume 
of  the  Anglia  Sacra,  pp.  211-r221,  large  extracts  from  the 
Corpus  MS.,  including  the  prologue,  which  was  then  first 
published.  Wharton  was  able  from  his  knowledge  of  this 
MS.  to  assign  the  authorship  to  Eadmer.  These  portions 
wei'e  reprinted  by  Migne  with  other  works  of  Eadmer, 
as  an  appendix  to  Anselm,  in  vol.  169  of  the  Patrologia 


by  Ihe  fiol 
landisti; 


and  by  Hen 
ry  Warton. 


Q.  The  MS. 
of  William 
of  Malmes- 
buiy. 


5.  The  fifth  Life,  that  by  William  of  Malmesbury,  is 
found  only  in  one  MS* 

Q.  This  is  the  Bawlinson  MS.,  Misc.  263,  in  the  Bodleian 
Library.  It  was  given  to  Thomas  Heame  by  James 
West>  M.A.,  of  Balliol  College,^  and  was  bought  by  Dr. 
Bawlinson  after  Heame's  death.     It  contains  no  notes  of 


>  **  To  Mr.  Thomas  Hearne,  of 
Edmund  Hall  in  Oxford,  Jan.  1, 
1726.  Felices  moHos  tibi  Juppi- 
'*  ter  augeat  annos,  sic  optat  sic 
precatur   Tester    J*  W.-*Suum 


<* 


i< 


(( 


**  cuique:  Tho.  Ucarne,  Feb.  7, 
*'  1726;  ex  dono  atnici  ornatissimi 
"  Jacobi  West.  A.  M.  e  ColL 
**  Ball.*' 


INTBODXJCmON. 


liii 


its  earlier  history.  The  MS.  is  written  in  single  column  2^}J^„ 
throughout,  23  lines  to  the  page,  with  initial  letters  of  Misc.  263.  ' 
red  and  blue.  It  contains  83  folios,  of  which  the  first  33,  . 
forming  the  first  book  of  the  life,  are  in  a  bad  hand  of 
the  latter  part  of  the  fourteenth  or  fifteenth  century ; 
folios  34-65,  forming  the  second  book,  are  in  a  small 
cursive  hand  of  the  period  of  the  Reformation,  and  have 
18  or  19  lines  to  the  page:  the  remainder,  which  is 
Eadmer  s  book  of  the  miracles,  is  in  the  same  hand  and 
fills  the  rest  of  the  volume.  It  is  a  very  curious  book, 
and  the  character  of  the  modem  writing  can  scarcely  be 
described  so  as  to  be  intelligible  to  a  person  who  has  not 
seen  it.  I  am  quite  unable  to  conjecture  which  of  our 
sixteenth  century  scholars  has  transcribed  it,  or  where 
he  found  his  text.  It  is  not  however,  certainly,  the 
writing  of  Heame,  as  has  been  suppo^ed.^  This  life  is 
now  printed  for  the  first  time. 

It  may  be  as  well  to  say  here  what  little  need  be  said 
of  the  other  MSS.  used  for  the  latter  portions  of  this 
volume. 

The  text  of  CapgravVs  Life  of  Dunstan  is  fix^m  a  fine  cS^vo's 
MS.  of  his  collection,  now  MS.  Tanner  15,  in  the  Bodleian.  ^^ 
It  has  been  carefiilly  collated  with  the  edition  printed  by 
Wynkyn  de  Worde,  and  with  another  MS.  in  the  Bod- 
leian, Bodley  240,  of  the  fifteenth  century,  the  writer  of 
which  has  so  well  counterfeited  an  earlier  hand,  that  at 
first  sight  I  was  inclined  to  refer  it  to  the  twelfth.  The 
collation  gives  no  various  readings  of  any  value,  the 
printed  text  being  on  the  whole  the  best  of  the  three. 

The  letters  of  Dunstan's  contemporaries  which  form  ^pjf  vh 
the  most  valuable  portion  of  Part  VII.  of  this  volume, 
are  all  found  in  the  unlucky  Cotton  MS.  Tiberius  A.  15 ;  ^ 
and  seven  of  them  in  the  MS.  Vespasian  A.  14. 

The  Tiberius  MS.  is  a  collection  of  Alcuin's  letters, 


1  Hardy,  Catal.  Materials,  i.  605. 

'  The  present  volume  contains  all 
the  letters  oomprised  in  this  MS., 
additional  to  those  of  Alcuin,  except 


one  of  8.  Augnstine^and  two,  printed 
by  Canisius,  of  Halitgar  to  Ebbo 
and  Ebbo  to  Halitgar. 


Uv  INTRODITCrriON. 

The  Cotton  to  which  thoso  here  printed  are  appended,  arranged  and 
i..  16.  copied,  as  it  seems  to  me,  early  in  the  eleventh  century. 
.  In  this  opinion  I  am  confirmed  by  Sir  Thomas  Hardy's 
authority,^  but  the  recent  editors  of  Alcuin's  letters, 
MM.  Diimmler  and  Wattenbach,  mark  it "  sseo.  XII."  It 
has  furnished  twenty  new  letters  to  the  collection  formed 
by  Dr.  Jaff4  and  published  in  1873.^  It  was  also  used 
very  largely  by  myself  in  the  third  volume  of  the  "  Coun- 
''  cils  and  Ecclesiastical  Documents,"  published  in  1871.' 
It  has  nearly  perished  by  fire  and  water ;  many  whole 
pages  can  only  be  read  by  catching  the  light  on  the 
hollows  in  which  the  ink  has  once  been.  I  cannot  ven- 
ture to  affirm  that  I  have  recovered  the  exact  text  in 
many  places ;  but  I  hope  that  whoever,  coming  after  me, 
proves  more  successful,  will  ascribe  my  failure  to  a  lack 
of  power,  rather  than  to  a  want  of  pains.  Mr.  Bond 
and  Mr.  Thompson  have  helped  me  in  the  task,  and  I 
am  sincerely  grateAil  to  them. 
The  Cotton  The  MS.  Vespasiau  A.  14  is  a  very  miscellaneous 
A.  14.  volume,  great  part  of  it  consisting  of  theological  scraps, 
put  together  under  the  patronage  of  Wul&tan,  archbishop 
of  York,  early  in  the  eleventh  century.*     Some  part  of  it> 


1  Hardy,  Cat.  Mat.  i.  504.  I       ^  Councils,  &c.,  ill.  pp.  495,  498- 

3  Monumenta  Alcuiniana,  p.  134.  |  500,  520,  615,  &c. 
^  The  following  lines,  which  fix  the  date  of  a  great  part  of  the  volume, 
are  worth  preserving  :  — 

Qui  legis  hunc  titulum,  Domino  da  vota  Tonanti 
Archipontifice  pro  Wlfttano  venerando. 

Floret  in  hoc  opere  pia  mentis  pmsulis  archi 
Wlfstani  cui  det  Dominufi  pia  regna  polorum, 
£t  sibi  commissofi  tueatur  ab  hoste  maligno. 

Pontificis  bonitas  manet  hoc  memoranda  ierarchi 
Wl&tani  supero  qui  sit  conscriptuB  in  albo. 

Est  laus  Wl&tano  mea  pulchritudo  benigno 
Fontifici  cui  sit  Dominus  sine  fine  serenus. 

Comere  me  comiter  jussit  ita  prsesulis  archi 
Wulfstani  pietas,  data  sit  cui  arcc  corona. 

Fraesule  Wlfstano  hoc  opus  est  censente  paratum, 
Follice  quod  docto  impresitit  subtilis  aliptes. 


* 


INTRODUCTION. 


Iv 


however,  is  much  earliei',  and  some  later.  This  also  was  g^ '•fff* 
used  for  Dr.  Jaffa's  Monumenta  Alcuiniana.^  That  emi- 
nent scholar  also  transcribed  six  of  the  later  letters  con- 
tained in  it ;  and  for  his  copies  I  have  to  thank  very  sin- 
cerely the  kind  liberality  of  his  editors,  who  transmitted 
them  to  me  through  Dr.  Pauli,  and  at  his  suggestion.^ 
The  MS.  had  been  already  used  by  me  in  preparing  the 
"(youncils"  and  some  of  the  letters,  as  well  of  those 
contained  in  the  Tiberius  MS.,  I  had  copied  as  long  ago 
as  1859,  in  preparation  for  an  edition  of  Alcuin  to  bo 
edited  for  the  Surtees  Society,  a  design  which  the  pub- 
lication of  Dr.  Jaffa's  collection  has  now  quite  superseded. 

The  MS.  C.C.C.  161,  of  Corpus  Christi  College,  Cam-  The  sermon 
bridge,  which  furnished  the  ^'  Sermo  de  Maxima  laude  ston.' 
Sancti  Dunstoni,"  pp.  454-457,  is  a  fine  "  Legenda 
"  Sanctorum"  written  in  double  columns,  late  in  the 
twelfth  century.  It  contains  Uves  of  most  of  the  early 
English  saints,  and  of  four  saintly  abbots  of  Cluny,  Odo, 
Maiolus,  Odilo,  and  Hugh.^ 

The  Cottonian  MS.  Tiberius  B.  5,  is  a  precious  treasury  The  itine- 
of  Anglo-Saxon  relics,  fisu:  too  extensive  to  be  described  sigeric. 
here.  It  was  .used  by  the  editors  of  the  Monumenta 
Historica  Britannica  for  the  Fasti  appended  to  the 
Chronicle  of  Florence  of  Worcester ;  *  and  has  furnished 
to  the  present  work  the  Itinerary  of  archbishop  Sigeric, 
and  the  list  of  the  popes,  and  of  the  abbots  of  Glaston- 
bury, which  will  be  found  at  pp.  391  and  Ixxxii. 

The  MS.  Nero   A.  %  famishes  a  little  prayer  to  S. 


>  Hon.  Ale.  p.  134. 

'These  copies  reached  me  by 
poet  the  very  morning  on  irhich  I 
was  starting  for  Cambridge,  to  bor- 
row the  Grale  MS.,  which  I  believed 
to  contain  copies  from  the  Tiberius 
M8.  As  I  had  had  no  communica- 
tion with  the  German  scholars  on 
the  subject,  the  coincidence  was 
curious,  and  if  it  had  occurred  in 


Dunstan's  own  times  might  have 
passed  for  something  more.  Un- 
fortunately the  Gale  MS.  at  Trinity 
which  contains  transcripts  of  the 
Alcuin  letters  does  not  contain  the 
Dunstan  ones. 

'  Kasmith's  Catalogue,  p.  229. 

^  Mon.  Hist.  Brit.  p.  616.  Wan- 
ley,  ap.  Hickes,  lliesaurus,  iii. 
215. 


Ivi 


INTRODUCnOK. 


Dunstan,  printed  at  p.  440.  This  is  a  very  curious  volume 
put  together  by  Sir  Robert  Cotton  from  fragments  of  the 
earliest  MSS.  in  his  possession,  and  well  deserves  careful 
analysis. 


Sketch  of  II.  A  complete  investigation  of  the  literary  history  of 
of  the  cycle,  the  cyclc  is  not  called  for  here ;  and  to  attempt  it  would 
be  merely  to  recount  in  detail  the  several  paredlelisms 
and  divergencies  of  the  first  five  authors,  which  are 
noted  in  the  margin  of  this  edition.  On  the  other 
hand,  it  is  scarcely  sufficient  to  say  merely  that  each  of 
the  five  writers,  whilst  he  added  somewhat  of  his  own 
or  of  independent  tradition,  was  indebted  for  the  main 
string  and  most  of  the  marked  details  of  his  narrative 
to  the  works  of  his  predecessors.  I  will  therefore  briefly 
state  the  chief  conclusions  to  which  I  have  come  after 
a  careful  study  of  the  books  before  us,  on  the  growth 
of  what,  without  any  intention  of  disparagement,  I  shall 
venture  to  call,  in  the  ancient  sense  of  the  word,  the 
Dunstan  legend. 

The  origin  of  the  cycle  must  not  be  looked  for  at 
Glastonbury,  but  partly  at  Winchester  and  chiefly  at 
Canterbury.  The  priest  B.,  Adelard,  Osbem,  and  Ead- 
mer,  wrote  at  Canterbury  or  for  the  Canterbury  clergy. 
William  of  Malmesbury,  alone  of  the  five,  wrote  for  the 
monks  of  Glastonbury.  All  that  part  then  of  the  original 
story  which  concerns  Glastonbury  must  be  supposed  to 
rest  upon  contemporary  belief,  and  p^bably  on  the 
statements  of  Dunstan  himself,  who,  as  we  learn  from 
Abbo,^  was  accustomed  to  recount  to  his  scholars  stories 
of  the  kind,  bearing  upon  the  history  of  the  nation. 
The  priest  B.  had,  as  he  tells  us  in  his  Prologue,  learned 


Itflorigiii 
not  at  Glas- 
tonbury. 


^  Pp.  376,  379!  "tiia  Banctitas  ex 
**  antiquitatis  memoria  collectam 
**  historialiter  me  pmsente  retulis- 
"  set  .  .  .  Bicut  tuus  mos  eet,  fra- 


"  tribus  quos  pabulo  dirini  rerbi 
*<  Latina  et  patria  lipgua  pascere 
"  non  desinis." 


nrntoDucfnoN. 


Ivii 


much  of  what  he  relates  fix^m  Dunstan's  own  mouth,"  '^^^^^^ 
much  from  the  scholars  whom  he  had  educated  from  p'^*®*- 
their  childhood.    We  can  then,  without  any  great  stretch 
of  imagination,  see  the  white-haired  old  bishop    sitting 
with  the  children  of  his  household,  his  counsellors  and 
guests,  by  the  fire  in  winter,  and  telling  the  little  ones 
the  story  of  his  childhood  as  he  told  the  elders  the  his- 
tory of  S.  Edmimd,  king  and  martyr,  which  had  been  told 
him  when  a  boy  by  the  king's  armour-bearer.     To  this  S^^i? 
direct  source,  it  may  well  be,  we  owe  our  knowledge  of  JJJ^JjJ*^^ 
the  names  of  his  parents  Herstan  and  Cynethrythis,  his  *»i™»®*'^- 
brother  Wulfric,  and  his  kinsmen  Elfege  and  Kinesige  ; 
the  legend   of  the   unfS&iling  barrel  of  mead,^  which 
marked  the  occasion  of  King  Athelstan's  visit  to  his 
niece  at  Glastonbury ;  the  mention  of  the  Irish  teachers ; 
the  narrow  escape  from  falling  stones  at  Winchester  and 
at  Qlastonbury;  the  story  of  King  Edmund's  chase  in 
Cheddar,  and  all  that  is  of  local  and  personal  interest 
in  the  early  part  of  the  story.     In  particular  we  must 
assign  to  Dunstan  himself  most  of  the  marvellous  tales  Especially 


the  inar- 


of  the  first  biographer:  the  child's  dream  at  his  first veii^s 
visit  to  Qlastonbury,  his  walking  in  his  slefep  to  church  **^"'' 
and  climbing  the  mason's  ladder;  his  dream  of  his 
friend  Wulfred ;  his  vision  of  the  mystic  dove  at  Ethel- 
fleda's  death;  the  mysterious  music  of  his  harp  as  it 
hung  against  the  wall ;  and  the  noble  words  which 
formed  themselves  in  his  mind  as  he  heard  it.  The 
several  temptations  by  the  devil  are  also  probably  of 
Dunstan's  teUing;  one  took  place  on  his  own  showing 


por- 


*  "  Tel  videndo,  Tel  audlendo  licet 
iDtellectu  torpeDti  ab  ipso  dldice- 
ram,  vel  etiam  ez  ejus  alumniB 
qaos  a  tenella  juTentatis  state  ad 
Tiros  u-sque  perfectos,  doctrinarum 
pabalis  deeenter  instructos  ipse- 

'*  met  educando  dedoxit,"  p.  5. 
'  This  stoiy,  we  may  observe,  is 

a  digression,  not  told  in  connexion 


(» 


« 


« 


« 


« 


vitb  any  part  of  Dunstan's  history, 
and  may  have  been  made  up  before 
be  was  bom.  It  is  told  also  of  a 
visit  of  Atbelstan  to  Abingdon,  in 
the  life  of  S.  Ethelwold  by  Wulf- 
stan,  Mabillon,  AA.  SS.  ssec.  V. 
pp.  600,  601  ;  and  in  the  life  by 
Elfric,  in  Chron.  Abend,  ed.  Steven- 
son, ii.  258. 


Iviii  INTEODUCTION. 

■ 

DunstaD*a    in  a  dream;  he  had  fallen  asleep  before   S.  George's 
probably      altar,^  and  the  ^nemy  looked  over  his  shonlder  in  the 
dreams.       shape  of  a  bear ;  he  awoke  with  the  words  of  the  psalm 
on  his  lips,   "  Let  Qod  arise   and   let  his   enemies   be 
"  scattered."    Another,  when  the  devil  took  the  form  of 
a  bear,  a  dog,  and  a  fox,  was  perhaps  told  by  Dunstan 
as  a  dream  also,  but  has  taken  in  the  narrative  of  the 
biographer  the  form  of  a  waking  vision.*    The  same  is 
probably  true  of  the  dream  that  Dunstan  had  in  Flan- 
ders touching  his  enemies  at  Glastonbury,'  his  vision 
of  his  mother's  marriage,*  and  of  the  choir  of  virgins 
at  S.  Augustine's,'^  and  possibly  the  warnings  that  came 
to  him,  at  different  times,  of  the  death  of  his  friends.* 
They  reflect  AH  these  storics  bear  the  impress  of  the  same  mind,  a 

hia  own  ,  .  *  ,  , 

mind.  mind  slightly  morbid  and  very  sensitive,  but  pure  and 
devout,  void  of  grossness  and  grotesqueness.  They  seem 
to  be  stories  for  the  children,  told  by  one  who  had  a 
strong  belief  in  dreams,  and  to  be  magnified  and  made 
important  in  the  repetition  chiefly  on  account  of  the 
greatness  of  the  narrator.  On  public  events  of  his  own 
time  we  may  weU  understand  the  archbishop  to  have 

Thogiionoe  been  far  more    reticent:  hence  the  silence  of  the  bio- 

of  the  first  .^       •»-  /•■rii  11.  .-i 

writer  on  graphcr  on  the  history  of  Edgar,  and  his  mistakes  or 
matters.  misrepresentations,  for  such  we  shall  see  them  probably 
to  have  been,  of  the  history  of  Edwy.  Midway  be- 
tween these  two  classes  of  stories,  one  of  which  Dunstan 
must  have  told,  whilst  the  other  he  could  scarcely  have 
told  as  we  have  them,  come  two  or  three  half  private 
half  public  reminiscences,  such  as  the  warning  of  the 
death  of  Edred,^  and  the  appearance  of  the  swarthy 
stranger  before  the  murder  of  Edmund.^  In  these  cases 
we  shall  probably  not  venture  to  guess  whether  the  tale 


>  P.  27 :  "  nee,  ut  ita  dicam,  pent- 
'*  tu8  vigilanti  neque  penitus  dor- 
"  mienti." 

"  quadam  nocte,"  p.  26. 

Pp.  84,  85. 


<  Pp.  41,  42. 
»  Pp.  48,  49. 

•  Pp.  46,  46,  47. 
7P31. 

•  P.  45. 


INTRODUCTION.  lix 

is  due  to  ihe  somewhat  excitable  imajnnation  of  the  The  most 

woiiderful 

saint,  or  to  the  exafi$:eration  of  common  rumours  at  the  story  not 

I  — oo  found  in  the 

time.  The  most  wonderful  story  of  all,  the  miraculous  bert  us. 
lifting  up  of  Dunstan  in  his  bed  just  before  his  death, 
is  not  to  be  assigned  to  the  authority  either  of  the 
archbishop  himself  or  of  the  first  biographer.^  As  it 
does  not  occur  in  the  S.  GaU  MS.,  as  there  is  no  hint 
of  it  in  the  earUer  part  of  the  book,  and  as  Adelard 
was  clearly  ignorant  of  it,  I  think  that  we  may  safely 
regard  it  as  a  later  insertion.  If,  however,  it  be  re- 
ferred to  the  author  oi  the  rest  of  the  book,  as  he  does 
not  relate  it  as  an  eye-witness,  its  truth  or  falsehood 
does  not  affect  his  personal  veracity.  The  chief  state- 
ment, to  which  the  priest  B.  deposes  on  his  own  know- 
ledge,' is  the  account  of  Dunstan's  manner  of  life,-  his 
constant  devotion,  his  literary  labours,  the  great  success 
of  his  work  in  the  enlightenment  of  England,  and  that 
gift  of  tears,  which  is  so  curiously  unintelligible  at  the 
present  day,  but  on  which  we  have  the  unquestionable 
testimony  of  Abbo  of  Fleury  in  his  letter  to  Dunstan 
himself.' 

Such  being  the  sources,  and  such  the  recorder  of  the  Special 

^  value  of  the 

history,  we  shall  not  be  far  wrong  in  attributing  to  first  Wo- 
this  life  of  Dunstan  a  value  as  illustrative  rather  of 
character  than  of  external  history.  It  has  what  may 
be  called  a  "  subjective "  value ;  its  marvels  are  not 
miracles  but  visions  and  impressions.  Its  bearing  on 
objective  history  is  mediate.  Such  in  his  inner  life,  in  . 
rest  and  meditation,  in  his  talk  with  the  children,  in 
his  recollections  of  his  own  childhood,  was  the  man 
who  for  thirty  years  was  the  mainstay  of  the  safety 
and  glory  of  the  English.  From  this  point  of  view, 
the  work  of  the  Saxon  priest  is  one  of  the  most  valuable 
monuments  of  our  too  scanty  history.    I  cannot  agree 


»  Pp.  51,  52.  I      »  P.  379. 

«  Yp.  49,  50.  I 


Character 
of  Adelard's 
Life. 


Not  an 
Abridg- 
ment. 


Ix  INTRODUCTION 

wiih  ihe  critics  who  look  on  it  as  a  mere  £Eurrago  of 
"  monkish  fables."' 

The  work  of  Adelard  is  in  strong  contrast.  The  idea 
that  this  book  is  a  mere  abridgment  of  the  former  has 
led  to  a  general  misimderstanding  of  the  relations  of 
the  two..  It  is  from  Adelard,  in  point  of  fact,  ihai  the 
most  startling  of  the  ''  objective "  marvels  of  Dunstan's 
career  are  derived.  Not  that  he  invented  them,  per- 
haps, but  that  the  legend  had,  in  the  seven  or  eight 
years  that  intervened  between  the  two,  had  time  to  grow, 
and  had  grown  luxuriantly.  Dunstan  had  already  be- 
come a  legendary  hero.  Adelard  then  is  the  authority  for 
the  supernatural  event  that  heralded  the  birth  of  the 
saint ;  he  first  tells  how,  at  the  feast  of  the  Purification 
themarveis.  at  Qlastoubury,  when  the  tapers  of  all  the  congregation 
were  suddenly  and  miraculously  extinguished,  the  taper 
of  the  expectant  mother  was  relighted,  and  from  it  all 
the  rest  f  in  the  first  life,  the  delirious  boy  on  his  mid- 
night walk  had  held  a  stick,  as  if  he  were  keeping 
off  mad  dogs,^  but  with  Adelard  the  possible  dogs  be- 
come ghostly  messengers  of  the  evil  one.  It  is  Adelard 
who  tells  first  of  the  divine  warning  given  at  the  birth 
of  Edgar,*  of  the  falling  beam  arrested  by  the  sign  of 
the  oross.^     The  temptation  by  the  bear  which,  accord- 


The  source 


*  It  is  important  to  notice  the 
mention  made  of  this  Life  by  the 
biographer  of  Oswald,  who  was  also 
contemporary  with  Elfric:  *<Poat 
*'  h»c  ezimius  pater  Dunstanus  et 
'*  decuB  omnis  patrisB,  ex  hac  luce 
**  subtractus,  ad  setemflB  lucis  gaudia 
ovanter  est  perductus.  Qoaliter 
Cttfulos  ttstnantig  andae  fervores 
ezsuperaverit,  et  quomodo  pue- 
ritiam  aum  pubertatis  misericors 
**  totiuB  mundi  Salvator  'servaverit 
*<  atque  juventutis  prsBConium  sub- 
"  limaverit,  vel  florentibus  compsit 
**  actibus,  sive  quomodo  Benectam 


<« 


« 


(( 


a 


tt 


suse  sanctse  senectutis  flnierit, 
"  liber  ejusdem  vitas  descriptus 
"  luce  clarius  demonfitrat."  Nero, 
E.  1.  fo.  16.  The  writer  then  gives 
the  temptation  bj  the  bear,  the 
choir  of  virgins,  and  the  Kyrie  elei- 
Bon.  To  the  same  source  we  are 
indebted  for  the  poems  of  Abbo 
given  in  this  volume. 

2  P.  54. 

'  ''  a  canibus  rabidis  quasi  se  de- 
"  fenderet,  ibat,"  p.  8  ;  compare 
Adelard,  p.  55. 

*  P.  56. 

«  P.  69. 


INTRODUCTION.  Ixi 

• 

ing  to  the  first  writer,  attacked  Dunstan  in  a  dream,  Buggented 
now  becomes  an  incarnation  of  the  devil.*  Adelard,  Adei«d*8 
too,  first  gives  the  vision  of  cherubim  seen  by  Elfgar 
the  week  before  Dunstan's  death.^  A  similar  idea  of 
amplifying  and  glorifying  more  ordinary  events  may  be 
traced  in  this  writer,  as  if  it  were  necessary  to  sur- 
round the  simplest  details  of  the  saint's  life  with  a  halo 
of  sanctity.  Dunstan's  dream  of  the  three  apostles,^ 
simple  enough  in  itself,  is  applied,  although  not  with  the 
fulness  of  interpretation  developed  by  the  later  writers, 
to  his  future  elevation  to  Canterbury.  The  part  taken 
by  S.  Andrew  in  the  original  dream,  which  probably 
accounted  for  Dunstan's  devotion  to  the  gentlest  of  the 
apostles,  is  transferred  to  S.  Peter;  and  S.  Andrew  is 
represented  as  ministering  bodily  consolation  to  Pimstan 
in  exila  The  account  of  his  appointment  to  a  bishopric 
is  related  so  as  to  show  that  Odo  had  a  special  divine 
intimation  that  he  was  to  succeed  him  ;^  and  Dunstan 
in  like  manner  has  a  divine  intimation  that  he  must 
consecrate  Elfege  to  Winchester.^ 

Some  of  the. minor  variations  in  Adelard's  story  are  Minor vajria* 
noteworthy ;  El£^  the  Bald,  bishop  of  Winchester,  is  Adeiard's 
mentioned  as  having  made  Dunstan  monk  and  priest,^ 
but  Athehn,  the  ardibishop  of  Canterbury,  is  made,  in- 
stead of  Elfege,  the  kinsman  and  early  patron.^  Dunstan 
has  his  first  offer  of  a  bishopric  on  the  death  of  Ethelgar 
of  Crediton,  in  the  first  life  ;^  Adelard  supposes  the  va- 
cancy to  be  made  by  the  death  of  Elfege,  and  the  see 
to  be  Winchester.® 

Adeiard's  work,  however,  has  its  value  over  and  above  itsvaJiie. 
its    illustrations  of   the  growth  of   legend.     Scarcely 
twenty  years  had  elapsed  since  Dunstan's  death,  and 


'  Compare  the  prieet  B.,  p.  27, 
%ith  Adelard,  p.  59. 
2  P.  64. 
»  P.  57. 
<  P.  60. 


«  P.  61. 
«  P.  56. 

7  P.  55.      , 

8  P.  29. 
»  P.  56. 

e 


Ixii 


INTRODUCTiOK. 


Ade1ard*a 
aooount  of 
Dunstui's 
death. 


His  stiiry  of 
Dun^taii's 
rvjcclion  of 

A  papal 
letter. 


His  identifl. 
cation  of 
Ariiulf. 


some  real  reminiscences  of  his  acts  must  have  remained. 
I  have  no  doubt  that  the  record  of  his  last  words  is 
derived  fk*om  authentic  tradition.  The  story  is  beau- 
tifully and  most  simply  told.  "  On  the  morning  of  the 
"  Sabbath,  when  the  matin  hymns  were  now  finished, 
he  bids  the  holy  congregation  of  the  brethren  come 
to  him.  To  whom  again  commending  his  spirit,  he 
received  from  the  heavenly  table  the  viaticum  of  the 
"  sfiu^raments  of  Christ  which  had  been  celebrated  in  his 
presence;  and  giving  thanks  to  God  for  it  he  began 
to  sing, '  The  merciful  and  gracious  Lord  hath  so  done 
'  his  marvellous  works  that  they  ought  to  be  had  in 
'  remembrance.  He  hath  given  meat  unto  them  that 
'  fear  him — '  And  with  these  words  in  his  mouth, 
rendering  his  spirit  into  his  Maker  s  hands,  he  rested 
in  peace.  Oh  too  happy  whom  the  Lord  found  thus 
watching."^ 

Again,  the  story  of  the  nobleman  who  had  obtained 
a  papal  letter  for  an  unlawful  marriage,^  seems  to  bear 
the  stamp  of  truth :  it  was  at  least  very  unlikely  to 
have  been  gratuitously  invented,  and  yet  it  is  in  ftiU 
accord  with  the  state  of  the  Roman  church  at  the  time 
and  with  Dunstan's  zealous  vindication  of  the  law  of 
marriage.  Finally,  we  owe  to  Adelard  the  definite  iden- 
tification of  Amulf,  the  count  of  Flanders,  as  Dunstan's 
patron  in  his  banishment;  and  of  the  monastery  of 
Blandinium,  the  writer's  own  home,  as  his  temporary 
asylum.'  Both  of  these  facts  are  only  hinted  at  in  the 
most  general  terms  by  the  first  biographer. 


(( 


it 


tt 


t€ 


(t 


<€ 


it 


<€ 


it 


<( 


({ 


Period  of 

Osbern's 

writing. 


At  least  seventy  years  elapsed  between. the  date  of 
Adelard  and  that  of  Osbem,  and  they  were  for  the  most 
part  such  years  of  trouble  and  humiliation  as  to  add 
still  more  glory  to  the  memory  of  the  last  rulers  under 
whom  England  had  been  at  peace  and  powerful.     The 


>  P.  66. 
« P.  67. 


»  Pp.  69,  60* 


INTRODUCTION.  Ixiii 

misrule  of  Ethelred,  the  oppressions  of  the  early  years  Growth  of 
of  Canute,  and  the  tyranny  of  his  sons,  the  political  fame, 
turmoil  of  the  great  provincial  struggles  under  Edward, 
and  after  that  the  apparently  hopeless  humiliation  of 
England    under   the   Conqueror,   all   helped    to    invest 
Dunstan  and  Edgar  with  a  character  which  they  had 
scarcely  possessed  in  their  lives.     The  English  feeling  of 
the  time,  which  is  sensibly  apparent  in  Osbem,  Earner, 
and  William  of  Malmesbury,  was  one  of  somewhat  que- 
rulous helplessness.     The  new  rulers  of  the  state,  Wil-  National 
liam  the  Conqueror  and  his  son  Henry,  although  they  dcncy. 
were  willing  to  fortify  their  throne  against  their  dan- 
gerous barons,  by  courting  the   support  of  the  native 
people,  had  not,  nor  indeed  could  be  expected  to  have, 
much    sympathy    with    the    national    regrets.      Even 
Lanfianc  and  Anselm  were  not  at  first  sight  able   to  Regard  or 
recognize  the  m^ts  of  the  English  saints,  whose  rough  and  Anseim 
names  wefe  unfamiliar  to  their  ears,  whose  principles  of  Engiuh 
church  government  were  so  widely  different  from  their 
own,  and  whose  doctrinal   teaching  even  was   behind 
the  developed  dogma  of  their  age.     The  burning  of  the 
monastery  of  Christ  Church,  in  the  winter  of  1067,  pro-       •     / 
bably   involved   the  entire    destruction  of  the   ancient       ^ 
library,  and  it  became  necessary  to  replace  the  lost  books 
either  with  new  works  or  with  new  copies  of  the  old. 
The  monastic  reform  promoted  by  Lanfranc  worked  its 
way  at  Canterbury  with  great  success,  owing  in  some 
measure  to  the  zeal  and  consistency  of  the  archbishop 
himself;  and  the  new  books  produced  under  his  direc- 
tion reflected   the  circumstances  of  the  time.     Osbem,  osbema 
a  monk  of  English  birth,  a  musician  and  a  scholar,  took  cantertiuiy, 

1        -t      ,-t  .•      !•  TT*        iv     X*  and  friend 

up  zealously  the  new  monastic  line.  His  affections  are  of  Lanfranc. 
divided  between  his  devotion  to  Dunstan  and  his  love 
for  Lanfranc;  and  the  picture  accordingly  which  he 
draws  of  Dunstan  is  toned  to  the  colouring  of  the 
changed  times.  Dunstan  is  the  prophet  of  the  evil 
days,  the  intercessor  for  better  times  to  come,  the  great 

e  2 


Ixiv 


INTEODUCTION. 


osbern'a  mouastdc  reformer.  In  this  there  is,  I  imagine,  no  con- 
DimstaiL  scious  misrepresentation.  Osbem  views  the  old  facts 
through  a  new  medium ;  he  combines  the  forms  of  le- 
gend which  he  found  in  the  two  former  writers,  and 
adds  a  record  of  the  posthumous  miracles  and  later 
grown  traditions  of  the  saint. 
Be  com-  By  Osbcm  the  narrative  of  the  Saxon  priest  and  the 

lirSr  oar-  panegyric  of  Adelard  are  welded  together  with  consider- 
ra  ives.  ^|^j^  skill.  From  the  latter  he  borrows  the  miraculous 
illumination  at  the  feast  of  the  Purification ;  from  the 
former  the  vision  of  the  buildings  at  Glastonbury,  whidi, 
however,  he  ascribes  to  the  parents  instead  of  the  son.^ 
The  account  of  Dunstan*s  education  is  a  blending  of  the 
two  legends.  .  The  sleepwalk  is  described,  with  the  addi- 
tion of  the  direct  ministration  of  angels.^  Dunstan  s 
first  patron  is  archbishop  Athelm,  as  he  had  leained  from 
Adelard ;  his  second  is  Elfegc,  as  he  had  learned  from  the 
priest  B.  From  the  latter  he  takes  the  story  of  the 
harp,  the  expulsion  fi*om  Athelstan's  palace,  the  reception 
of  the  tonsure,  the  miracle  of  the  mead,  the  deathbed 
scene  of  the  great  lady,  the  vision  of  Wulfred,  the  king's 
hunt  in  Cheddar,  the  nomination  to  Glastonbury,  the  visit 
to  Bath,  where  he  had  a  divine  warning  of  the  death 
of  his  scholar,  the  vision  before  the  death  of  Edmund, 
Edred's  attempt  to  promote  him,  the  divine  warning  0f 
Edred  s  death,  the  misrule  of  Edwy,  the  scene  on  the 
coronation  day,  the  flight  to  Flanders,  the  revolution  in 
Mercia,  Dimstan's  return  and  promotion,  his  manner  of 
life  as  a  bishop,  his  vision  of  his  mother's  maniage 
and  of'  the  choir  of  virgin^,  and  the  last  days  of  his 
life,  including  the  miraculous  elevation  of  the  couch, 
which  he  must  have  taken  from  the  MS.  at  S.  Augus- 
tine's.'   From  Adelard  he  takes  the  divine  warning  at 


>  P.  78. 

'F.  76,  <<  angelicis  iiiatubu8{"  in 
the  first  life  the  boy  simply  -walks 
in  sleep  or  deUriumi  in  the  second 


he  is  beset  by  the  dcTil's  dogs:  in 
the  third  ho  is  borne  by  angels. 
'  See  pp.  51,  52. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Ixv 


the  birth  of  Eklgar,  the  interpretation  of  the  vision  of  hu  im- 
the  three  apostles,  the  story  of  the  beam,  the  election  of  oftbeewi>' 
Edward  the  Martyr,  the  promotion  of  Elfege,  the  vision  *  ^' 
of  £I%ar,  the  burial  of  Dunstan,  and  his  prophecy  of 
coming  troubles.     In  all  this  there  is  nothing  absolutely 
new,  but  everything,  is  told  in  the  grand  style,  and  ap- 
propriate jspeechcs  are  constantly  put  in  the  mouths  of 
the  actors,  for  which  there  is  no  authority  in  the  earlier 
lives. 

Osbem's  additions,  whether  derived  from  tradition,  or  Hii  nddu 
the  product  of  an  imagination  intent  on  the  contempla-  previous 


writers. 


tion  of  what  ought  to  have  happened,  are  mainly  the9e : 
the  description  of  the  cell  at  Glastonbury,  which  he  had 
himself  seen  ^  and  measured ;  the  -fiunous  story  of  Dun- 
stan seizing  the  devil  by  the  nose,'  the  vision  of  Edwy's 
soul  carried  off  by  devils,  the  hamstringing  of  Ethelgifu, 
,  the  bringing  water  out  of  the  rock,  the  whole  story  of 
Edgar's  sin  and  penance,  and  the  monastic  revival  that 
followed,  with  the  struggle  between  the  monks  and 
clerks  at  Winchester  and  Calne,  the  prophecy  at  Ethel- 
red's  coronation,  the  warning  of  the  death  of  the  two 
bishops,  and  the  story  of  the  siege  of  Rochester,  wh^re 
Dunstan  bribed  Ethelred  with  a  gift  of  a  htndred 
pounds.  Of  these  particulars, '  the  only  one  which  can  Some  par- 
with  certainty  be  ascribed  to  another  source  is  the  story  added  ivom 
of  the  synod  at  Calne,  which  is  found  in  the  Chronicles.'  cies. 
The  devastation  of  the  dioc^e  of  Rochester  in  986,^  and 
the  coronation  of  Edgar  at  Bath,*^  are  also  told  in  the 
Chronicles,  but  without  any  of  the  circumstanoes'described 


-  p.  84.  This  story  is  bo  fiimons 
that  one  can  hardly  doubt  that  it 
had  some  foundation.  The  version 
in  which  the  devil  took  the  form  of 
a  woman  is  comparatively  modem* 
It  seems  not  unlikely  that  Dunstan 
may  have  taken  some  one  by  the 
nose,  and  that  the  identification 
was    an  afterthought.    Eadmer  in 


this  story  improves  on  Osberu, 
making  the  devil  himself  cry  out, 
"Vsel  quid  ille 'Cidvus  diabolus 
"  fecit  I  '*    Cf.  pp.  85,  174. 

'  Chron.  S.  ed.  Thorpe,  p.  23  i. 
The  Council  of  Winchester  also  is 
mentioned,  but  without  the  miracle, 
in  the  Regularis  Concordia. 

*  Chr.  S.  p.  238. 

«  Chr,  8.  pp.  224,  225. 


Ixvi 


INTRODUCTION. 


Tradition  of 

Ethelred'g 

coronation. 


Osbem's 
variations 
from  the 
earlier 
writers. 


Osbom's 
nccouiit  of 
Dunstan's 
miracles  is  r 
new. 


/ 


by  Osbem.  The  prophecy  at  Ethehred's  coronation, 
which  Osbem  gives  as  traditional,  "  ut  fertnr,"  ^  is  found 
ako  in  nearly  the  same  words  in  Florence  of  Worcester, 
who  does  not  elsewhere  quote  Osbem ;  it  is,  therefore, 
probably  a  fragment  of  independent  tradition. 

Lastly,  we  may  note  some  minor  particulars  in  which 
Osbem  departs  from  his  authorities,  in  a  way  which 
shows  that  he  either  was  a  careless  copyist,  or  had  other 
information.  The  great  lady  of  Glastonbury  whom  the 
priest  B.  calls  Ethelfleda,  Osbern  names  Elfgifu.*  The 
lady  Ethelwynn  is  merely  "  matrona  quaedam."  *  The 
name  of  Wulfred,-*  Dunstan's  early  friend,  is  suppressed, 
although  the  story  which  belongs  to  him  is  given  in  fuU. 
The  words  of  the  anthem  played  on  the  harp  are  varied, 
"  gaudebunt "  ^  being  substituted  in  all  but  one  late  MS. 
for  "  regnabunt ; "  and  the  hymn  which  Dunstan  learned 
in  his  dream  of  the  marriage  feast  is,  except  the  opening 
words,  altogether  different.® 

The  whole  of  Osbem's  second  book,  that  on  the  mira- 
cles, is  new.  We  learn  from  the  little  prayer  printed  at 
p.  440,  that  early  in  the  eleventh  century  Dunstan  had 
gained  the  reputation  of  a  worker  in  miracles ;  most,  how- 
ever, of  those  recorded  by  Osbem  seem  to  be  of  much  later 
date.  For  the  mass  of  these  he  professes  to  have  written 
authority.  "They  are  selected,"  he  says,  "from  the 
"  books  of  miracles  which  are  not  now  extant."  ^  Some  of 
the  later  wonders  he  had  seen  himself ;  some  few  he  had 
heard  from  others.  The  interest  of  this  part  of  the  work 
is,  however,  quite  apart  from  the  history  of  Dunstan,  and 


»  Pp.  114,  115.    Flor.  Wig.  A.D. 
1016. 
2  P.  85. 
'P.  80.     Cf.  pp.  20,  21. 

*  P.  89.     Cf.  pp.  15,  16. 
»  P.  80. 

*  P.  118. 

*  P.  128.     Oshcrn  gives  at  p.  160 


a  Blight  sketch  of  some  of  the  won- 
ders contained  iif  the  lost  books ; 
fh>m  irhich  it  appears  that  Eadmer 
used  them.  Eadmer  certainly  has 
several  stories  which  Osbem  de- 
clines to  tell  as  beyond  ordinary 
belief. 


INTEODUCTION.  Ixvii 

the  lyustratioiis  wliich  it  supplies  to  later  history  cannot 
be  considered  here. 

Osbem's  work  had  not  been  written  many  years  when  Kwimer, 
it  came  under  review  by  Eadmer^  who  represents  the  iiweim. 
school  of  Anselm  much  as  Osbem  did  that  of  Lanfranc. 
Both  are  thoroughly  English :  Osbem,  like  his  master,  is 
a  maintainer  of  discipline ;  Eadmer,  like  Anselm,  is  zeal- 
ous of  doctrine.^  It  may  be  added  that  Eadmer's  Latin 
style  is  much  more  chastened  and  succinct  than  that  of 
his  predecessor. 

Eladmer  undertook  to  write  this  book,  because  that  of  He  wrot« 
Osbem  contained  some  ^evous  faults :  he  had  mistaken  correct  the 
the  dedication  of  the  cathedral  church  of  Worcester,  and  osbcm. 
had  misrepresented  the  character  of  the  mother  of  S. 
Edward,  making  her  out  to  be  a  nun,  whereas  she  was 
only  accidentally  veiled.     Both  of  tliese  points  Eadmer 
was  enabled  to  correct  by  the  information  of  his  friends 
at  Worcester.     Besides   these  inquiries,  he  had  studied 
the  original  books,  the  Saxon  priest  and  Adelard.     The 
two  mistakes  specified  may  seem  to  give  slight  occasion 
for  the  rewriting  of  the  whole  book,  and  we  can  scarcely  possiWy  he 
doubt  that  Eadmer's  principal  aim  was  to  rival  the  fame  h!^u^  ^ 
of  his  predecessor.     Two  or  three  strokes  of  the  pen 
would,  as  we  have  seen  in  our  view  of  the  MSS.,  have 
reduced   Osbem's  text  to   a  conformity  with  Eladmer's 
views ;  but  this  would  not  have  contented  him.     He 
was,  we  should  infer,  a  very  young  man,  and  he  certainly 
wrote  very  much  simpler  Latin.     Yet  the  work  of  Ead-  Yet  he 
mer  foDows,  almost  with  servility,  the  lines  of  Osbem,  ciosciy. 
even  in  the  points  in  which  he  diverged  from  the  earlier 
writers,  and  their  few  variations  may  be  summed  up  in 
very  few  words.      He    retrenches    and    abridges    the 
speeches  which  are  the  most  audacious  efforts  of  Osbem's 


1  The  most  important  pawages  in  I  mer's  Life  of  Odo,  on  the  subject  of 
proof  of  this  will  b€  found  in  Ead-  |  the  Eucharist. 


Ixviii 


INTRODTTCnON. 


His  addi- 
tions, and 
variatious. 


Eadmer*s  inyention :  he  gives  the  story  of  the  death  of  the  monk 
Of  osbem'a  Elfsige,^  which  Osbem  had  omitted  ;  he  makes  t)imstaii 
break  his  stick  on  the  back  of  the  devil,  who,  having 
appeared  in  a  dream  in  the  first  life,  had  visited  the 
saint  bodily  in  the  second,'  and  tells  how  he  placed  a 
tooth  of  S.  Andrew  in  the  new  staff;  he  inserts  Dmistan's 
dieam  at  Blandinium  from  the  first  life,^  and  enlarges 
on  Adelard's  story  of  the  nobleman  who  had  obtained  a 
papal  dispensation,  a  story  which  Osbem  may  have 
omitted  as  being  on  tender  ground  for  his  patron,  who 
had  obtained  a  similar  dispensation  for  William  and 
1, Matilda*  He  gives  another  story  which  Osbem  knew, 
but  would  not  tell,  Dunstan's  reAisal  to  say  mass  until 
the  coiners  had  been  mutUated,^  a  tinnely  tale  enough 
whilst  Henry  I.  was  reforming  the  coinage ;  and  another 
which  Osbem  slurred  over,  how  the  saint  hung  his 
chasuble  on  a  simbeam.*  He  returns  to  the  first  version 
of  the  hymn  learned  in  the  dreamt  He  gives  the  story 
of  Edgar's  Sunday  hunting,®  and  the  orientation  of  May- 
field  church  by  a  push  of  the  saint's  shoulder.®  In  his 
account  of  the  institution  of  monks  at  Winchester  he  has 
borrowed  some  details  fi'om  the  biographers  of  S.  Ethel- 
wold.  He  gives  a  new  account  of  Dunstan*s  last  words ; 
and  five  new  miracles,  one  of  which,  the  pilgrimage  of 
the  monk  Egelwin,  was  known  to  Osbem ;  ^^  one,  that  of 
Saprington,  which  had  been  recorded  after  Osbem  wrote  ;'^ 
and  one,  or  a  series,  of  cures  effected  .by  water  in  which 
the  saint's  staff  had  been  dipped.  It  is  safe  to  add  that  if 
Eadmer  had  never  written  anything  more  valuable,  his 
name  would  in  all  probability  have  been  forgotten. 


His  addi- 
tional 
miracles. 


*  P.  189. 

3  Compare  the  several  stages  of 
the  Btory,  at  pp.  27,  59,  189,  190. 

3  P.  193. 

*  Osbern  hints  at  the  story,  p. 
106:  Eadmer  works  it  out  in  de- 
tail, pp.  200,  201. 


*  Pp.   202,  203.     Cf.  Osheru,  p. 
106. 

6  Cf.  pp.  160,  204. 

7  P.  206. 

8  p.  207. 

9  P.  204. 

»»Cf.  pp.  160,245. 
"  Pp.  144,  247. 


INTRODUCfnON.  bdx 

William  of  Mahnesbnry  comes  before  us,  in  relation  to  wmiam 
Ihmstan's  history,  in  a  threefold  capacity ;  as  the  his-  bury.u 
torian,  the  champion  of  Glastonbury,,  and  the  critic  on  advocate,' 
Osbem.  In  the  first  point  of  view,  writing  long  after 
he  had  published  his  "  Qesta  Begum,"  he  now  and  then 
corrects  or  modifies  statements  which  he  has  made  in 
that  work.  These  passages,  so  far  as  they  have  any  real 
importance,  may  be  pointed  out  by-and-by.  The  advo- 
cacy of  the  historic  claims  of  Glastonbury  is  a  branch  of 
the  criticism  on  Osbem.  The  life  by  Eadmer  there  is 
no  reason  to  suppose  that  William  ever  saw ;  he  nowhere 
quotes  it  or  refers  to  it ;  and  as  we  know  from  both  his 
great  works  that  he  entertained  a  high  respect  for  the 
writer,  both  as  a  man  and  as  a  historian,  we  can  scarcely 
doubt  that,  had  he  known  the  book,  he  would  have 
mentioned  it,  either  for  praise  or  for  blame.  Tet  several 
of  the  faults  which  Eadmer  had  pointed  out  and  cor- 
rected, were  also  pointed  out  and  corrected  by  William. 

With  the  exception,  however,  of  Eadmer,  William  had  His  mti- 
all  the  previous  writers  before  his  eyes,  and  keeps  closer  Osbem. 
to  the  first  life  than  either  Osbem  or  Eadmer.  His 
criticism  on  Osbem  touches  four  chief  points.  His  ac- 
count of  Dunstan's  mother  is  clothed  in  language  which 
verges  on  heresy :  *  his  pompous  account  of  Dunstan's 
mathematical  knowledge  is  attacked  as  bombastic  and 
pedantic;^  everywhere  the  antiquity  and  primitive 
monachisin  of  Glastonbury  are  either  denied  or  lost  sight 
of;'  and  the  history  of  King  Edgar  is  written  without 
I  r^ard  to  historic  evidence  or  decent  loyalty.*  Again 
and  again  these  points  are  touched  on ;  Osbem's  artificial 
speeches  are  rejected  scornfully ;  ^  his  laudations  of  Dun- 
stan  are  viewed  as  merely  intended  to  embellish  the 
style  or  increase  the  bulk  of  the  work  :  "  we  well  under- 
"  stand  that  of  our  praise,  especially  of  artificial  false 
"  praise,  Dunstan  stands  not  in  need."     The  authority 


»  Pp.  251,322-324. 

2  p.  251. 

»  Pp.  251,  258,  270,  271,  801. 


,*  P.  252. 
«  Pp.  287,  288. 


Ixx 


INTRODUCTION. 


His  ortho- 
doxy. 


His  addi- 
tions from 
other 

sources,  and 
attempts  to 
harmonize. 


His  refer- 
ence to  the 
B^ularis 
Concordia ; 


the  letter  of 
the  Pope ; 

the  relics  at 

Malmes- 

bury. 


of  S.  Augustine  is  brought  to  bear  on  the  "sacrum 
"  puerperium  "  of  Kynedritha  in  a  way  whibh,  consider- 
ing  the  unintentional  nature  of  the  error,  is  a  little  out 
of  proportion.^ 

Setting  aside  the  points  of  controversy;  William  of 
Malmesbury's  book  is  not  an  unfavourable  specimen  of  his 
powers.  He  brings  additional  matter  from  the  lives  of 
other  saints,  especially  those  of  Odo,  Oswald,  Ethelwold, 
and  Edith,2  and  weaves  in  the  details  with  considerable 
skill.  He  attempts  to  harmonize  the  stories  of  the  Saxon 
priest,  Adelard,  and  Osbern,  thinking  it  probable  that 
their  differences  are  only  apparent :  they  may  differ  as 
to  arrangement  whilst  they  agree  as  to  fact,  and  what 
one  has  omitted  the  other  may  well  have  supplied  with- 
out any  suspicion  of  having  invented  it.'  Besides  the 
constant  assertions  of  the  importance  of  Qlastonbury, 
there  is  little  that  the  writer  states  on  his  own  respon- 
sibility. He  tells  the  story  of  Edgar's  early  intention  to 
revive  monasticism,  from  the  English  commentary  on  the 
rule  of  S.  Benedict,  the  BiCgularis  Concordia,  which  is 
still  extant.*  The  letter  of  pope  John  XII.  to  Dunstan 
he  gives  from  a  copy  which  he  also  used  in  the  composi- 
tion of  the  "  Gesta  Pontificum,"  *  and  which  he  may  have 
derived  from  that  Pontifical  of  Sherborne,  his  own 
diocese,  which  is  now  in  the  National  Library  of  Paris, 
although  he  does  not  reproduce  it  with  much  exactness. 
Dunstan's  gifts  to  Malmesbury,  the  bells,  the  organs,  the 
shrine  of  S.  Aldhelm,  he  describes  from  the  closest  per- 
sonal knowledge,  but  nearly  in  the  same  language  which 
he  had  used  in  his  other  books ;  ^  his  accounts  of  Elfric  of 
Crediton,^  Ethelwold  of  Winchester,®  Oswald  of  Wor- 


I 


»  P.  322. 

2  See  at  p.  294  an  extract  from 
Eadmer's  Life  of  Odo ;  pp.  262, 299, 
from  Wul&tan's  Life  of  Ethelwold; 
p.  810,  from  Qotselin's  Life  of  S. 
Edith.  The  story  of  Elfei^e  insnlt- 
ing  the  tomh  of  Odo  Ht  p.  294  is 
taken  from  the  life  of  Oswald. 


»  P.  289. 
*  P.  290. 
«  Pp.  296-298. 
«  Pp.  301,  302. 

7  P.  302. 

8  P.  803. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Ixxi 


cester,^  and  Wulfsige  of  Westminster/ are  the  result  of  Higaddi- 
his  own  reading,  and  repeat  in  some  degree  his  own 
inaccurate  statements.  His  account  of  the  death  of 
Edward  the  Martyr  is  a  paraphrase  of  what  he  had  said 
in  the  "  Gesta  Rcgum."  The  story  of  Alwold  and  the 
foxes  is  the  only  direct  addition  to  the  legend.  The 
most  remarkable  passage  in  the  book  is  the  amplification 
of  the  exposition  of  Osbem  on  Dunstan's  prophecy  to 
Ethelred,'  a  passage  which  shows  that  WiUiam  was  by 
no  means  devoid  of  that  English  feeling  which  is  so  * 
strong  in  Osbem  and  Eadmer,  and  which  he  himself, 
when  writing  for  the  Norman  courtiers,  is  generally  so 
careful  to  keep  in  check. 

Capgrave's  sketch,  abridged  as  it  is  partly  from  Os-  Oapgrave's 
bem  and  partly  from  John  of  Tynemouth,  has  no  great 
interest  either  historical  or  literary.  The  collation  seems 
to  show  that  he  had  used  Osbem,  biit  that  he  knew 
the  life  by  Eladmer  only  through  the  "  Historia  Aurea." 
Some  few  indications  may  be  traced  that  seem  to  show 
a  knowledge  of  Eadmer's  book  on  the  miracles. 

We  ask,  finally,  what  is  the  relation  of  these  bio-  Beiation  of 
graphics  to  the  Chronicles,  the  moi'e  weighty  and  direct  ciers  to  the 
evidences  of  our  national  history.  Florence  of  Wor-  piorenc©  of 
cester,  the  first  of  these,  had  both  the  Saxon  priest  and  ^<>«*«*^''- 
Adelard ;  and,  from  them  only,  adds  to  the  very  scanty 
details  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle  what  he  says  of 
Dunstan.^     The   coincidence   between   his   account   of 


*  Pp.  303,  304. 

2  p.  304.  There  is  a  MS.  Life 
,of  this  bishop  in  tho  Xaiisdowne 
MS.  436,  the  Romsey  Legeuda ;  but 
it  Heems  to  be  utterly  devoid  of 
credit,  and  at  Tariance  with  ascer- 
tained chronology.  I'he  utmost 
that  can  be  inferred  from  it  is  that 
Wnl&ige  was  tfaditionally  regarded 
as  the  monastic  refbrmer  at  Sher- 
borne. 


»  Pp.  821,  322. 

*  The  following  references  mark 
direct  extracts  made  by  Florence  : 
A.D.  924,  Dunstan's  birth,  from  B.; 
A.D.  942,  his  appointment  at  Glas- 
tonbury, 943,  the  birth  of  Edgar,  / 
from  Adelard ;  A.D.  946,  the  sue- 1 
cession  of  Edred,  from  B. ;  A.D. 
951,  the  death  of  Elfege,  from  Ade- 
lard; A.D.  953,  the  succession  at 
Crediton,  from  B. ;  A.D.  955,  the 


Ixxii 


INTRODUCTION. 


Floranoe  of 
Worcester. 


Henry  of 
Hunting- 
don. 


Ordericus 
Vitalis. 


Balphde 
Diceto. 


The  S.  Al- 
bania his- 
torians. 


Higdcn. 


John  of 
Tynemouth. 


Dunstan's  prophecy  and  that  giyen  by  Osbem,  may  be, 
as  we  have  seen,  accounted  for  on  another  theory  be- 
side that  of  direct  quotation.  Henry  of  Huntingdon, 
using  the  Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle  as  his  chief  authority, 
mentions  Dunstan  only  three  times,  in  connexion  with 
the  synod  of  Calne,  his  prophecy  about  Ethehred,  and 
his  death.  Ordericus  Vitalis  seems  to  have  had  no  di- 
rect acquaintance  with  the  Lives,  noticing  the  saint 
only  in  connexion  with  the  monastic  revival.  .William 
of  Malmesbury  has  been  already  accounted  for.  The 
information  of  Ralph  de  Diceto  is  chiefly  if  not  entirely 
fix)m  William  of  Malmesbury.  Gervase  of  Canterbury 
abridges  Osbem,^  making  additions  from  the  "Qesta 
Regum  "  and  "  Gesta  Pontificum."  The  S.  Alhan's  his- 
torians knew  the  work  of  the  Saxon  priest.  John  of 
Wallingford  gives  considerable  extracts  from  it,  as  well 
as  from  Adelard;*  Matthew  Paris  and  Roger  of  Wen- 
dover  used  not  only  the  Saxon  priest  but  Adelaixl, 
Osbem,  and  the  "  Gesta  Pontificum  ;"*  and  the  same  is 
true  of  the  work  known  under  the  name  of  Matthew 
of  Westminster.  Ranulf  Higden  used  chiefly  Osbem 
and  William  of  Malmesbury,  but  quotes  Adelard,  pos- 
sibly through  the  medium  of  Florence  of  Worcester.* 
John  of  Tynemouth  used  both  Osbem  and  Eadmer, 
quoting  the  former  verbatim,  the  latter  with  variations 
that  seem  to  imply  some  manipulation  of  his  own." 
Capgrave,  as  we  have  seen,  used  Osbem  and  John  of 


death  of  Edred,  and  95C,  the  exile 
of  Dunstan,  from  Adelard;  A.D. 
957,  the  division  of  the  kingdom, 
and  958,  the  character  of  Byrht- 
helm,  firom  B. ;  A.D.  959,  Dun- 
stan's  promotion,  from  B. 

»  Ed.  Twysden,  cc.  1645-1648. 

'  Ed.  Gale,  p.  541,  the  death  of 
Edmund ;  p.  542,  illneBR  and  death 
of  Edred,  from  B. ;  p.  543,  account 
of  Blandinium,  from  Adelard. 


5  See  extracts  from  B.  in  Matthew 
Paris,  under  the  years  929,  940, 
955,  957,  959 ;  from  Adelard,  A.D. 
946  ;  from  Ofihem,  A.D.  946,  979  ; 
from  William  of  Malmesbury,  A.D. 
958. 

*  R.  Higden,  ed.  Gale,  pp.  264- 
270. 

'  See  below  in  tlie  collations  of 
Capgrave's  Life,  pp.  336  sq. 


INTROD0CTIOK.  bmii 

Tynemouth.  The  writer  of  the  book  of  Hyde  followed  The  book  of 
Higden;  Rudbcnue  used  the  same  materials  with  ex- later' 
pansions  or  forgeries  of  his  own.  Polydore  Veigil  held 
by  the  historians  rather  than  the  bi<^raphers;  Harps- 
field  followed  Osbem,  Eadmer  s  Miracles,  and  John  of 
Tynemouth.^  Archbishop  Parker  used  all  the  autho- 
rities already  enumerated,  and  Ussher  did  the  same. 
From  the  date  of  the  publication  of  the  Saxon  priest 
by  the  Bollandists,  all  writers  of  church  history  have 
had  the  most  ancient  life  befm'e  them.  The  works  of 
Adelard  and  William  of  Malmesbury  are  now  first 
printed,  and  that  of  Eadmer  for  the  first  time  in  integrity. 

III.  The  determination  of  the  chronology,  and  thec^entioDsof 
identification  of  the  places  and  persons  that  come  into  aod  identi- 
Dunstan  s  history,  is  a  very  limited  but  not  a  very  easy 
task.  The  authorities  are  vague  on  each  point,  and  their 
evidence,  even  where  it  is  exact,  is  not  very  weighty. 
Yet  some  of  the  most  curious  problems  of  our  early 
history,  especially  the  history  of  the  reign  of  Edwy,  are 
inseparably  connected  with  this  inquiry.  The  dates 
and  names  are  so  few,  however,  that  it  is  scarcely  worth 
while  to  subdivide  them ;  and  they  may  be  best  discussed 
in  the  natural  order  of  the  events  of  the  saint's  life. 

Dunstan  is  said  to  have  **  sprung  to  light "  in  the  reign  nateof  ^ 
of  Athelstan.  We  may  question  whether  the  word  birth.  "* 
"  oritur  "  *  refers  to  his  birth  or  to  his  coming  before  the 
eye  of  history,  in  what  year  of  Athelstan's  reign  the 
event  took  place,  and  in  what  year  Athelstan  began  to 
reign.  AU  our  authorities  agree  in  referring  the  word 
to  Dunstan's  birth.  The  Anglo-Saxon  Chronicles,  which 
Osbem  follows,  fix  the  first  year  of  Athelstan  as  the 
date,  and  for  that  first  year  we  have  to  choose  between 
924  and  925,  the  former  date  being  given  in  four  MSS. 
of  the  Chronicle,  and  by  Florence  of  Worcester,  the 


>  Harpsfield,Hi8t.  Eccl.  pp.  193^  I      '  See  B.  p.  6  ;  Flor.  Wig.  A.D. 
197.  I  924 ;  Chr.  8  .A.D.  924,  925. 


Ixxiv 


INTRODUCTION. 


i>ateof  ^  latter  by  two  MSS.  of  the  Chronicle.  Unfortunately  the 
birth.  exact  date  of  the  death  of  Edward  the  Elder  is  unknown, 
but,  as  Athelstan  in  his  charters  speaks  of  929  '  as  his 
sixth  year,  his  first  must  at  all  events  have  begun  in 
924.  Alford  places  Dunstan'd  birth  in  the  spring  of  925, 
arguing  that  if  his  mother  were  pregnant  in  February, 
as  must  be  supposed  to  have  been  the  case  if  Adelard's 
miracle  of  the  candles  has  any  semblance  of  truth,  and 
if  Athelstan's  accession  took  place  about  the  middle 
of  the  year  924,  the  child  must  have  been  born  in  925.* 
And  this  computation  is  borne  out  by  an  entry  in  an 
ancient  Anglo-Saxon  Paschal  Table,  preserved  in  the 
Cotton  MS.,  Caligula  A.  15,  under  the  year  925,  "on 
"  thison  geare  waes  see  Dunstan  geboren."  The  matter 
is  not  in  itself  of  great  importance,  but  it  is  compli- 
cated with  questions  toudiing  the  date  of  archbishop 
Athelm,  and  the  age  at  which  Dunstan  took  holy  orders. 
His  parents.  Dunstan's  parents  were,  as  the  Saxon  priest  teUs  us, 
Heorstan  and  Kynedritha  f  his  near  kinsmen  were  among 
the  "  palatini "  *  or  members  of  the  court  and  household 


^Alford  had  seen  a  charter  in 
which  925  is  called  the  first  year  of 
Athelstan,  Annules,  III.  242:— 
A.D.  929  is  the  sixth  year  in  Kem- 
hle,  C.  D.,  Nos.  347, 348.  A.D.  931, 
Nov.  12,  is  in  the  seventh  year,  ibid. 
353  ;  A.D.  934,  May  28,  is  in  the 
tenth  year,  ibid.  364;  A.D.  931, 
Mar.  23,  is  in  the  seventh  year,  ibid. 
1102  ;  and  July  31  also,  ibid.  1103 ; 
A.D.  932,  Aug.  28,  is  in  the  eighth 
year,  ibid.  1007.  If  these  dates  are 
calculated  on  one  principle,  his 
reign  must  have  begun  after  Nov. 
12,  924 ;  but  I  should  not  venture 
to  take  this  for  granted.  The  reign 
of  Athelstan  lasted,  according  to  the 
MB.  Tiberius  A.  3,  fourteen  years 
and  seven  weeks  and  three  days, 
which,  calculated  back  from  Oct.  27, 
940,  the  day  of  his  death,  would  fix 


his  coronation  about  the  first  week 
in  September,  926.  The  Chronicle 
gives  him  a  reign  of  fourteen  years 
and  ten  weeks,  which  may  have 
been  calculated  from  his  father's 
death,  and  would  fix  that  event 
about  August  10  : — if  for  four- 
teen we  read  sixteen,  Edward's 
death  would  be  determined  on  or 
about  Aug.  20,  924 ;  if  not,  Athel- 
stan must  have  been  crowned  two 
years  after  his  reign  began,  which 
is  improbable.  Perhaps  the  day 
may  yet  turn  up  in  some  monastic 
kalendar.  It  is,  however,  very 
curious  that  all  the  ancient  regnal 
lists  give  him  a  reign  of  only  four- 
teen years. 

*  Annates,  Ui.  242i 
»P.  6. 

*  l\  11, 


INTRODUCTION.  IxxV 

of  Athelstan ;  Elfege    the   Bald,  bishop  of  Winchester,  Hw  con- 
J  and  bishop  Kinesige  of  Lichfield,*  were  also  near  rela-  the  roy»i 
/  tions.     Dunstan   had  a  brother   named  Wulfiic*     The 
great    lady  Ethelfleda  was  also   connected  with   him  ^ 
by  the  ties  of  relationship,'  and  she  was  of  royal  descent, 
being  Athelstan's  niece.*    These  circumstances  certainly 
give  some  foundation  for  the  statement  of  Dunstan's  no- 
bility, made  by  the  later  biographers,  who,  however,  have 
a  strong  tendency  to  define  what  the  earlier  writer  has 
left  indefinite.    Adelard  goes  further,  making  archbishop  hi*  other 
Athelm   his  uncle.*^      Osbem  and    Eadmer   make    his  ^    ^^' 
parents  noble,  and  turn  the  lady  Ethelfleda  into  Elfgifu 
or  iEthelgifu.*      They    also    ignore    the   existence   of 
Wulfric,  making  Dunstan  an  only  son.^ 

The  probability  is  in  fEivour  of  Dunstan's  noble  birth.  Kynedritha. 
Of  Heorsian  nothing  more  is  known,  but  Eynedritha  is 
very  probably  the  same  as  Eeondrud,  a  lady  whose 
name  is  found  among  those  members  of  Athelstan's 
court  who  were  made  partakers  of  the  prayers  of  the  , 
monks  of  S.  Gall,  when  in  the  year  929  they  were 
visited  by  bishop  Kynewald  of  Worcester.®  Wulfric,  who 


<< 


»  Pp.  13,  32. 

«  P.  18. 

'  "  causa  reUgionie,  simul  etiam 

religionis,"  p.  17. 


*  P.  18,  "salutata  ncpti." 

^  P.  55,  **  patrao  scilicet  sao. 

•  Pp.  85,  175. 
7  I^.  89,  178. 


*  The  form  is  printed  bj  Goldastus  in  the  l^criptores  Benim  Alemanni- 
camm,  vol.  ii.  part  II.  p.  153,  and  also  in  the  Appendix  to  the  Beport  on 
the  Fcedera.  It  is  so  closely  connected  with  Duustan's  period  that  it  is 
worth  while  to  give  it  entire  :  — 

■  *' Anno  ab  Incamatione  Domini  928,  indictione  ii.  (lege  929)  Eeonwald 
"  Tenerabilis  episcopus  profcctus  ab  Anglis,  omnibus  nionasteriis  per 
totam  Germaniam,  cum  oblatione  de  argento  non  modica,  et  in  id  ipsum 
rege  Anglomm  eadem  sibi  tradita,  visitatis,  in  idibus  Octobris  yenit  ad 
mopasterium  Sancti  Galli  ;  quique  gratissime  a  fratribus  susccptus  ct 
**  ejusdem  patroni  noetii  festivitatem  cum  illis  celebrando,  quatuor  ibidem 
**  dies  demoratus  est.  Secnndo  antem,  postquam  monasterium  ingressus 
*'  est,  hoc  est  in  ipso  depositionis  S.  GaUi  die,  basilicam  intravit  et  pecu- 
**  niam  secnm  oopiosam  attuUt,  de  qua  partem  altario  imposuit,  partem 
**  etiam  utilitati  fratrum  donavit.  PostbiBC  eo  in  conventum  nostrum  in- 
"  ducto,  omnia  eougregatio  concessit  ei  annonam  nnius  fratris,  et  tandem 


u 
w 

M 


j 


Ixxvi  INTRODUCTION. 

Wuifric.  is  described  as  managing  the  secular  affairs  of  Glaston- 
bury under  the  title  of  prsepositus  or  reeve,^  may  also 
with  some  probability  be  identified  with  Wuifric,  the 
I  "  comes  "  or  "  gesith  "  of  the  kings  Edmund  and  Edred, 
i  to  whom  many  grants  of  land  were  made  which  ulti- 
;  mately  became  the  property  of  Glastonbury.  The  estates 
thus  bestowed  were  situated  at  Idemestone,  Nellington, 
Grutelington,  Langleath,  and  other  places  not  far  from 
Glastonbury,  and  the  gifts  may  possibly  have  been  made 
with  the  intention  of  their  being  appropriated  to  the 
monastery ;  they  begin  as  early  as  940,  when  Dunstan 
could  scarcely  have  become  abbot,  and  Wuifric  the  re- 
cipient must  have  been  an  elder  brother,  if  he  were 
brother  at  all.  Another  glimpse  of  him  may  be  caught 
in  a  curious  MS.  of  the  Irish  collection  of  canons,  now 
among  the  Hatton  MSS.  in  the  Bodleian,  entitled  **  Liber 
"  Sancti  Dunstani,'"  which  belongs  to  the  date,  possibly 
to  the  school  or  hand  of  Dunstan.     The  scribe  has  drawn 


**  orationem  quam  pro  quolibet  cle  nostris,  sivc  vivente,  sive  vita  decedente, 
"  facere  solemus  pro  illo  facturam  perpetualiter  promisit.  Hsec  sunt 
"  autcm  nomina  qtts  conscribi  jussit  vel  rogavit:  rex  Anglorum  Adal* 
"  stean,  Kenowald  episcopus,  Wigbarth,  Kenwor,  Conrat,  Eeonolaf,  Won- 
"  dych,  Eeondnid."  A  longer  list  appears  in  the  general  catalogue  of 
the  Fratrcs  Conscripti  (Goldast.  p.  156): — 

**  Uic  regis  Anglis  et  comitum  suonun  nomina  denotata  sunt ; 

Adalstcn,  Bex.      Wolf  helmus,  arch  iepisc.      Elwinna,  epiao.      Botkarus,  episc. 

Winsige,  epiflc.     Sigihelm,  epiacopua.  Oda*  epiaoopiis.     Fridosten,  cpi& 


Kcnod,  abba. 

Albrich^abba. 

Cudret. 

ErduU. 

Fridolef. 

•    Wulfun. 

Ortgar. 

Osfred. 

EUsie. 

Adalwerd. 

Elwin. 

Adalwiu. 

Borectwin. 

WiOfllt 

Wighart. 

ConxtA. 

Kouvrin. 

Wondrad. 

Keuowald,  opine. 

Kenolaf^ 

Keondrud." 

"■   ' 

cum  oeteria. 
The  bishops  are  Wulfhehu  of  Canterbury ;  Elfvrin  of  Lichfield;  Edgar  of 
Hereford;  Winfiige  of  Dorchester;  Sigelm  of  Sherborne;  OdoofBams- 
bury ;  Fiithstau  of  Winchester ;  and  Eynewold  of  Worcester.  Of  the 
abbots,  Ecnod  belongs  to  Evesham  or  Abingdon,  and  Cudret  to  Glaston- 
bury. Elfric,  abbot  (Albrich) ;  Osferth,  ealdorman ;  Wulfhun,  bishop ; 
Wihtgar,  minister ;  and  others  may  be  identified  with  the  iritnesses  of 
Athelstan's  charters. 

'F.>^.  I  Nos.  381,    38a,    398  f    M9.  BodL 

2  See  the  charters   in  Eemble,  \  Wood,  I.  folios  233,  234, 238. 


INTBODUCTION.  Ixxvii 

in  one  place  the  head  of  a  boy,  in  rubric,  with  the  name 
"  Wulfric  Cild." 

The  lady  Ethelfleda  bears  a  name  too  common  among  Ethemoda. 
the  Anglo-Saxons  to  furnish  any  basis  for  identification, 
and  the  fact  that  she  is  called  Athelstan's  niece  scarcely 
helps  the  inquiry.  A  certain  lady,  i£lfleda,  has,  like 
Wul&ic,  grants  of  land  from  Athektan  and  Edmund,^ 
which  came  to  the  same  monastery.  This  lady  is  not  to 
be  identified  Mdth  Ethelfleda  of  Mercia,  Athelstan's  aunt, 
who  died  in  922  at  the  latest,  nor  with  Ethelfleda  of 
Damerham,  the  second  wife  of  king  Edmund  ;  nor  with 
Eadfleda,  Athelstan's  sister.  Ethelfleda  of  Romsey, 
abbess,  virgin,  and  patron  saint,  cannot,  if  her  recorded 
history  be  true,  have  been  the  widowed  friend  of  Dun- 
stan.  The  main  part,  however,  of  the  history  of  the 
abbess  of  Romsey  is  apooyphal,  and  the  dates  assigned 
to  her  are  inconsistent  with  one  another.  It  is  therefore 
possible  that  she  was  the  person  whom  we  are  seeking. 
She  is  said  to  have  been  the  daughter  of  an  ealdorman 
Ethelwold  and  his  wife  Brihtwina.^  If  this  ealdorman 
be  identical  with  Elfweard,  Athelstan's  brother,  who  died 
in  924,  his  daughter  would  be  the  king's  niece ;  but  this 
is  barely  probable.  The  fact  that  Osbem  and  Eadmer  Ca]iedai80 
give  her  tiie  name  of  Ethelgifti  or  Elfgifu,  would  show  ^' 

that  in  their  time  no  such  identity  was  recognized,  nor 
can  the  latter  name  with  any  probability  be  regarded 
as  the  true  one,  although  the  practice  assigned  to  her, 
of  ministering  of  her  goods  to  the  kings  and  the  seed 
royal,  does  curiously  coincide  with  the  oiffice  which  has 
been  with  great  probability  ascribed  to  that  more  famous 
Ethelgifu,'  who  exercised    so   baneful   an  influence  on 


>  MS.  Wood,  I.  foUo9  223,  240 ; 
Kembte,  Cod.  Dipl.  No.  389»  where 
8he  is  called  *'  religiosa  fcBmlna." 

'  Her  life  is  in  Capgrare,  abridged 


from  the  US.  Lansd.  436.      See 
Hardy,  Catalogue,  &c.  i.  568. 

^  Robertson,    Historical  Essays^ 
pp.  200,  sq. 

£ 


Ixxviii 


INTRODUCTION. 


Relations 
Isetween 
Atlielm  and 
Dunstan. 


Question 
as  to 
Wulfholm. 


Dimstan 
lioni  at  or 
near  GlaB- 
tonbury. 


the  career  of  king  Edwy.  We  know  Ethelfleda  only  on 
the  testimony  of  the  Saxon  priest,  who,  however,  dis- 
tinctly asserts  her  relationship  with  both  Dunstan  and 
Athelstan. 

Our  earliest  authority  does  not  determine  the  degree 
of  relationship  between  Elfege,  Kinesige,  and  Dunstan, 
but  Adelard  makes  Athelm,  archbishop  of  Canterbury, 
the  brother  of  Heorstan.  In  this  by  itself  there  is 
nothing  improbable  ;  Athelm  had  been  bishop  of  Wells, 
and  was  very  likely  to  have  been  connected  with  the 
royal  family,  as  one  at  least  of  his  successors  was ;  his 
name  occurs  also  in  the  list  of  bishops  given  by  William 
of  Malmesbury,  as  having  been  monks  of  Glastonbury.^ 
Adelard,  however,  is  so  manifestly  mistaken  in  making 
him  the  patron  as  well  as  uncle  of  Dunstan,  that  no 
weight  can  be  attached  to  his  evidence.  Athelm  died 
either  when  Dunstan  was  a  baby,  or  before  he  was  bom.^ 
Wulfhelm  who  succeeded  him  had  likewise  been  bishop 
of  Wells,  and  among  the  Dunstan  letters  there  is  found 
a  Qopy  of  verses  addressed  to  him,  which  may  point  to 
some  coimexion  between  the  two,  but  he  is  nowhere  said 
to  have  been  connected  with  Glastonbury,  or  to  have 
been  a  patron  of  Dunstan. 

Glafitonbuiy,  or  its  immediate  neighbourhood,  was  the 
place  of  the  saint's  birth  and  early  teaching ;  he  was  a 
pupil  of  the  Irish  pilgrims,  who  had  taken  up  their 
abode  at  the  resting  place  of  the  younger  Patrick.*  Whilst 


*  Ant.  Glast.  ap.  Gale,  p.  324. 

^  There  are  no  genuine  charters 
to  which  the  name  of  Athehn  is 
attached.  The  name  of  Wulfhelm 
his  successor  appears  in  923  and 
onwards.  The  statement  of  Flo- 
rence (AD.  924)  that  Athehn 
crowned  Athelstan  is  dehved  from 
Adelard,  p.  55.  If  the  evidence  of 
charters  as  to  Wulfhelm  in  023  be 


rejected,  still  it  is  certain  that 
Athelm  was  dead  long  before  Dim-* 
Stan  could  have  gone  to  court.  See 
Chr.  S.  A.D.  924,  925,  from  which 
it  would  seem  that  Athelm  and 
Edward  the  Elder  died  the  same 
year. 

3  P.  10.  The  Arras  MS.  sajs  the 
younger  Patrick,  the  other  two 
MSS.  the  elder  Patrick.    This  is  A 


INTRODUCTION. 


Ixxix 


quite  a  boy  he  lived  ako  in  the  palace  of  Athelstan,  at  Buiwtairs 

.  .  early  life. 

no  great  distance  from  Glastonbury,  it  would  seem,  as  he 
had  already  received  the  tonsure,  and  was  serving  in  the 
church  of  S.  Maiy  in  which  he  had  been  baptized.  After 
his  expulsion  from  Athelstan's  court,  he  stayed  a  long 
time  at  Winchester  with  Elfege,  who  prevailed  on  him  to 
become  a  monk.  After  this  we  again  find  him  at  Glas  - 
tonbury  in  attendance  on  the  lady  Ethelfleda,  who  had 
built  herself  a  house  there,  and  who  left  her  estates  to 
be  disposed  of  by  him.  He  next  appears  in  attendance 
on  king  Edmund  at  Cheddar,  and,  after  a  short  disgrace, 
is  made  by  him  abbot  of  Glastonbury,  in  which  office  ho 
continues  until  he  is  made  bishop. 

For  this  part  of  Dunstan's  life  we  have  very  few  dates.  Date  of 
Athelstan  died  in  the  year  940,  when  Dunstan  would  be  appointment 

1,..  J       1x1  ij.  .to  Glaston- 

about  sixteen,  no  doubt  a  clever  somewhat  precocious  bmy. 
boy,  whose  dreams  and  prayers  might  very  likely  expose 
him  to  the  rough  treatment  of  his  playfellows.  His 
appointment  to  Glastonbury  is  placed  by  the  Canterbury 
copy  of  the  Chronicle  in  the  year  943,  and  by  Florence 
of  Wor«ester,  whose  authority,  if  independent  of  that 
copy,  is  preferable,  under  the  date  942,  but  only  as  one 
of  the  remarkable  acts  of  king  Edmund.  The  direct 
evidence  being  so  slight,  we  may  rest  on  the  authority 
of  the  charters,  in  which  Dunstan  as  abbot  appears 
among  the  witnesses  only  in  946,  the  year  of  Edmimd's 
death.     The  only  charter  of  earlier  date  in  which  he  is 


trace  of  the  growth  of  the  legend  that 
ooDiiects  Patrick  with  Glastonbury, 
and  may  be  the  germ  of  the  tradi- 
tioD.  Whether  the  later  MSS. 
altered  jwRor  into  umar  in  the  idea 
of  enhancing  the  greatness  of  Glas- 
toiibary,  or  whether  the  writers 
knew  of  the  existence  of  Sosn- 
Fatric,  Fatricius  sciuor,  i^ho  is  said 


to  have  been  bishop  second  in  suc- 
cession after  the  great  Patrick,  and 
who  might  safely  be  called  either 
senior  or  junior,  I  cannot  take  on 
myself  to  decide.  By  William  of 
Malmeshnry's  time  Glastonbury 
claimed  not  only  the  great  Patrick 
but  his  Bucoessor  Benignus. 

£2 


Ixxx 


INTRODUCTION. 


Date  of  ,  mentioned  is  one  of  the  year  940,  which  is  apparently 
appointment  admitted  by  Kemble  as  genuine,  and  which  is  a  grant 
bury.  made   to  him  as  abbot,  of  land  at  Christian  Malford.^ 

But  although  this  document  has  no  overt  evidence  of 
fabrication,  it  is  found  only  in  a  copy,  like  the  other 
Glastonbury  charters,  and  either  the  name  of  Dunstan 
or  the  title  of  abbot  may  have  been  an  insertion  of  the 
copyist.  Dunstan,  as  one  of  the  sons  of  the  nobles, 
might  have  had  a  grant  of  folkland  at  sixteen,  the  age 
at  which  the  young  warrior  received  his  arms ;  but  it  is 
very  improbable  that  if  he  had  then  become  abbot,  and 
that  in  a  church  so  near  the  royal  court,  his  name  should 
not  appear  in  the  charters  for  six  years  longer.*  I  think, 
however,  that  the  date  cannot  be  thrown  later  than  946, 
and  I  see  in  the  chronology  no  difficulties  that  need 
hinder  the  beUef  in  the  story  of  Edmimd's  hunt  in 
Cheddar  as  substantially  true. 
Condition  of  A  morc  important  point,  perhaps,  and  certainly  a  more 
bury.  interesting  one,  is  the  condition  of  Glastonbury  at  this 

time ;  and  although  it  cannot  be  touched  on  here  except 
in  the  most  cursory  manner,  it  cannot  be  dismissed  with 
a  word.  The  Saxon  priest  represents  it  as  an  ancient 
sanctuary,  a  retired  spot  possessing  a  church  to  which 
a  morc  than  human  origin  was  ascribed,*  a  holy  place 
to  which  Athelstan  resorted  for  the  purpose  of  prayer,* 
a  place  of  pilgrimage  ^  colonized  by  Irii^men,  who  had 
gathered  at  the  tomb  of  Patrick.  As  the  place  of  Dun* 
Stan's  birth,  education,  and  promotion,  Glastonbury  had 


■  Kemble,  Cod.  Dipt.  No.  384. 

*  Dunstan  attests  only  one  char- 
ter of  Edmund:  No.  406,  marked 
bj  Kemble  as  suspicious,  a  grant 
to  Ethelnotb,  in  the  Glastonbury 
Cartulary:  "ego  Dunstan  abbas 
"  nolens  sed  regalibus  obedieus 
"  verbis   banc    cartulam    scribere 


**  jussi."  Mr.  Robertson  r^ards 
as  his  first  historical  appearance, 
his  attestation  to  a  charter  of  Edred 
in946,  l^.C.D.  411. 

>P.  7. 

<Pp.  17,  18. 

*  Pp.  9,  10. 


INTRODUCTION.  Ixxxi 

a  later  history,  much  of  which  is  coloured  by  its  con-  Antiquity 
nexion   with   the  Canterbury  saint ;   it   became  a  rich  Giaatonbary 
abbey,  and  Taid   claim  to  an  early  history  and  remote  times. 
antiquity ;  not  content  with  claiming  the  senior  as  weU 
as  the  junior  Patrick,  it  adopted  Joseph  of  Arimathea  as 
its  first  founder,  and  produced  evidence  of  its  existence 
and  sanctity  under  kings  and  in  times  long  anterior  to  > 

the  West  Saxon  rule ;  not  only  Edmund  the  Magnificent 
ruler  of  Britain,  and  Edgar  the  Peaceful,  and  Edmund 
.  Ironside,  but  king  Arthur  himself  slept  there.  Such 
claims  doubtless  provoked  criticism,  and  criticism  forced 
on  the  monks  the  need  of  a  forged  history  to  assert,  and 
of  forged  monuments  to  support  them.     And  the  fabrica-  Fabricated 

^  *^\  evidence. 

tion  of  such  evidences  must  have  gone  on  at  Glastonbury 
on  a  scale  proportioned  to  these  claims.  Westminster 
claimed  the  apostle  Peter  as  its  founder,  but  that  by  a 
miracle.  S.  Alban's  rejoiced  in  the  protomartyr  of  Bri- 
tain, but  contented  itself  with  Offa  as  the  restorer  rather 
than  the  foimder  of  its  greatness.  But  Glastonbury 
would  have  a  history  without  a  mimcle,  and  a  continuous 
existence  which  needed  no  restoration.  William  of 
Malmesbury,  it  would  almost  seem,  imdertook  to  erect 
the  story  out  of  materials  which  he  distrasted,  but  this 
did  not  content  his  employers,  and  they  intei-polated  his 
work  to  a  degree  which  makes  it  impossible  to  rely  with 
confidend^  upon  any  part  of  it. 

The  later  developments,  however,  of  Glastonbury  his-  J^^^'j".. 
tory  need  not   make    us   shut  our   eyes  to  such   early  po>nt- 
evidence  as  is  aflbrded  by  the  Saxon  priest.     Further, 
we  have  in  a  MS.  of  the  same  date,  or  even  a  few  years 
earlier,  a  list  of  the  abbots  of  Glastonbury,  which  runs  up 
to  the  age  of  Ina.^     Ethelwerd  mentions  the  coenobium 


'  It  is  very  useful,  in  order  to  get  an  idea  of  the  Glastoubury  workman- 
ship,  to  compare  the  list  of  abbots  given  in  the  Tiberius  MS.  i^ith  that 
giTCD  by  William  of  Malmesbury,  and  the  few  dates  ascertainable  from 


Ixxxii 


INTRODUCTION. 


Early 
notice's  of 
Glaston- 
bury. 


I  of  Qlasionbury  as  the  burial  place  of  the  ealdorman 
/Eanulf  ;^  its  early  histoiy  is  indeed  unnoticed  by  Bede, 
or  by  the  authors  of  the  chronicle,  but  its  existence  as  a 
monasterium  is  proved  by  an  incontrovertible  authority, 
the  letters  of  S.  Boniface,  and  the  life  of  the  same  great 
West  Saxon  saint  written  by  his  countryman  and  dis- 
ciple S.  Willibald.^  And  this  mention  by  S.  Boniface 
carries  us.  back  to  the  days  of  Ina,  who  according  to 
William  of  Malmesbury,  writing  apart  fix)m  Glastonbury 
influences,  was  the  founder,  and  to  the  early  abbots  of 


early  historians  and  charters,  with  the  elaborate  array  of  years  which  he 
prodncen,  possibly  in  some  degree,  from  the  same  materials. 


Tiberius  B.  5. 


1.  Hsemgils. 

2.  Wealh&tod 


i/ril 


8.  Coen 

4.  Beorhtwald 

6.  Cealdhun. 

6.  Muca 

7.  Wiooea. 

8.  fiosa. 

9.  Stitheard. 

10.  Herefyrth. 

11.  Hunbeorht. 

12.  Andhun. 

13.  (Juthlac. 

14.  Cuthred 

15.  Ecgwiiir. 

16.  Dunstan 

17.  Elfric. 

18.  Siiregar  . 

19.  iElfweard 


Bp.  Hereford  in  7S1 
(Bede). 

ContempNorary  with 
S.  Boniface,  epist. 

At  the  Council  of 
CioTesbo  in  805. 


ConfV.  S.  Gall.  aboTe, 
p.IxxT. 

A.D.  940  or  946-068. 

Bp.  of  Wells  in  976. 
976  onwards. 


W.  Malmesb.  Ant.  Glaston. 

After  five  British 
abbots,  Patrick, 
BenigBus,  Wor- 
fcret.liademund, 
and  Bregorcd  :— 
1.  Beorthwald    . 


2.  Hemgisel 

3.  Boorwald 

4.  Aldbeorth 

5.  Atfrith  . 
8.  Kemgisel 

7.  Cuba      . 

8.  Tioca     . 

9.  Cuma 

10.  Walthun 

11.  Tumbcrth 

12.  Beadulf . 
IS.  Muca 

14.  Gntlac    . 

15.  Ealmund 

16.  Hercfyrth 

17.  Stiword . 

18.  Baldhun 

19.  Elfric     . 

20.  Dunstan 
2L  Elf  ward . 
22.  Sigar 


670-680;  abp.  Can- 
terbury. 
680-706. 
706-712. 
712-719. 
719-729. 
729-743. 
743-744. 
744-762. 
762-754. 
754-786. 
786-795. 
796-802. 
802-824. 
824-860. 
860-866. 
866-880. 
880-906. 
906-927. 
927. 
940. 
962. 
972. 


The  order  and  dates  of  Malmesbury's  list  seem  to  be  quite  at  random ; 
yet  there  is  enough  likeness  between  the  two  lists  to  show  that  he  had 
older  materials  to  work  upon. 


1  Mon.  Hist  Brit.  p.  513. 

3  There  is  a  letter  of  Brihtwald, 
archbishop  of  Canterbury,  to  For- 
there,  bishop  of  Sherborne,  referring 
to  abbot  Bcorwald  (Mon.  Mogun- 
tina,  ed.  Jaff^,  p.  48);  this  Beor- 
wald  is  called  by  Willibald  abbot 
of  Glastonbury  "  ccenobium  . .  quod 


*'  antiquorum  nuncupatur  vocabulo 
"  Glestingaburg  "  (ibid.  439) ;  and 
there  is  a  letter  from  the  priest 
Wichtberht  to^patribuset  fratribus 
**  in  monasterio  Glestingaburg  con- 
*'  stitutis  '*(ibid.246);  written  during 
the  life  of  Boniface. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Ixxxiii 


the  ancient  list  just  mentioned.     And  the  certainty  of  PobsiIiIc 
this  much  of  the  early  history  gives  probability  to  many  of  the  early 
of  the  charters,  the  place  of  which  in  the  Glastonbury 
Cartulary  would  afford  by  itself  very  little  presumption 
of  their  credibility. 

On  such  evidence  we  may  assume  that  there  was  an  Condition 
ancient  ecclesiastical  settlement  at  Glastonbury,  dating  monastery. 
fix)m  the  seventh  century  at  the  latest,  which  had  shared 
the  changes  and  experienced  the  fate  that  had  befallen 
most  of  the  establishments  of  the  centuries  of  the  con* 
version ;  the  churches  and  other  buildings  standing,  the 
libraries  perhaps  in  a  few  cases  continuing  entire,'  but 
the  monastic  life   extinct,  the   name  preserved  only  as 
giving  a  title  to  the   ownership  of  the  lands,  and  the 
abbots  and  monks,  if  there  were  any  that  called  them- 
selves so,  being  really  secular  priests  and  clerks.^    The  The  Irish 
•Irish  pilgrims  who  instructed  Dunstan  may  or  may  not  ^*  *""*'' 
have  been  members  or  officers  of  this  establishment,  but 


^  Aflser'B  account  of  the  state  of 
the  monastic  institute  in  Alfred's 
time  was  true  of  the  next  half  cen- 
tury: ''permnltarctroactaannorum 
''  curricula  monastice  vitie  deside- 
rium  ah  ilia  tota  gente,  necnon 
et  a  multis  aliis  gentibus  fnnditus 
**  desienit,  quamvis  perplurima 
adhoc  monasteria  in  ilia  regione 
oonstructa  permaneant,  nullo  ta- 
men  regulam  illius  vitc  ordina- 
"  biliter  tenente,  nescio  quare,  aut 
pro  alienigenarum  infestationihus 
.  .  .  aut  etiam  pro  nimia  illius 
gentis  in  omni  genere  divitiarum 
«<  ahundantia,"  &e.  M.  H.  B.  493. 
According  to  Alfred  himself  the 
books  remained,  but  there  was  no 
one  who  could  use  theml  Pref.  to 
S.  Gregory's  Pastoral  Care. 

'  Elflic  the  biographer  of  Etbel- 
wold,  the  earliest  describer  of  this 
state  of  things,  draws  a  sad  picture 
of  the  old  Minster  at  Winchester, 


t( 


« 


it 


u 


«< 


(( 


C( 


«c 


u 


It 


€t 


and  although  it  may  be  exaggerated 
it  is  the  testimony  of  an  eye-witness : 
roalemorigerati  clcrici,  elatione 
et  insolentia  ac  luxuria  prseventi, 
adeo  ut  nonnulU  eorum  dedig- 
**  narentur  missas  suo  ordine  cele- 
'*  brare,  repudiantes  uxores,  quas 
"  iUicite  duxerant ;  et  alias  accipi- 
"  entes,  gules  et  ebrietati  jugiter 
"  dediti."  Hist.  Abend,  ii.  260. 
The  biographer  of  Oswald,  after 
telling  us  that  Oswald  bought  him- 
self '' monasterium  quod  est  in 
"  Wintonia  positum  .  .  .  donando 
"  digno  pretio,*'  proceeds, "  in  dlebus 
"  illis  non  monastici  viri  nee  ipsius 
''  sanctie  institutionis  regular  erant 
in  regione  Anglorum,  sed  erant 
religiosi  et  dignissimi  clerici,  qui 
tamen  thesauros  suos  quos  avidis 
adquirebant  cordibus  non  ad 
ecclesifls  honorem  sed  suis  dare 
"  solebant  uxoribus,"  folio  4. 


/ 


^-  ■^ 


it 


t( 


« 


« 


i< 


Ixxxiv 


INTRODUCTION. 


it 


ti 


if 


« 


Low  Rtate  of  the  right  of  patronage  was  dearly  in  the  hands  of  the 
S  ttie  tinle.  king,  and  the  state  of  monastic  rule,  discipline,  and  pre- 
tension was  60  attenuated,  that  the   contemporaries  of 
Dimstan  regarded  him  as  a  founder   rather  than  a  re- 
former.    Monachism  there  was  in  England,  although  it 
was  not  after  the  rule  of  S.  Benedict,  and.  a  monk  Dun- 
stan  had  already  become ;  but  that  Dunstan's  monachism 
had  little  or  nothing  in  common  with  th^  state  of  things 
existing  at  Glastonbury   at  the  time,  appears  from  the 
words  which  the  biographer  puts  in  the  mouth  of  Edmund : 
"  Be  thou  of  this  seat  the  lord  and  potent  occupant,  and- 
whatsoever  from  thine  own  means  shall  be  lacking  for 
the  increase  of  divine  service,  or  for  the  completeness 
of  the  sacred  rule,  that  I  will  supply  devoutly  by  my 
royal  bouinty."  ^     It  is  clear  that   the    abbacy  must 
liave  been  vacant  and  the  lands  of  the  monastery  in  the 
king's  hands,  much  as  was  the  case  at  Abingdon  at  the 
Condition  of  Same  time.     The  words  of  the  biographer  of  S.  Ethelwold 
Abingdon.    jj^jg}j^  y^  applied  to  the  one  as  to  well  as  the  other ;  it 

was  a  place  in  which  a  little  monastery  had  been  kept 
up  from  ancient  days,  but  it  was  then  desolate  and 
neglected,  consisting  of  mean  buildings  and  possessing 
only  a  few  (in  the  case  of  Abingdon,  forty)  hides ;  the 
rest  of  the  land  of  the  place  the  king  possessed  by  his 
royal   right."  ^     That  is,  there   was    still  a  monastic 
establishment,    but    it   had    become    ruinous   and   im- 
poverished.    It  was  in  name  an  abbey,  but  really  served 
l3y  clerks,  or  altogether  neglected.     The  renewal  of  dis- 
cipline was  really  a  foundation  rather  than  a  revival. 

The  name  of  the  abbot  who   had  vacated  the   seat 
taken  by  Dunstan,  as  given  by  William  of  Malmesburj^ 


tc 


K 


it 


i( 


<t 


ii 


'  1*.  25.  OsbcrD*s  cxpauBion  of 
llie  speech  in  also  worth  noting, 
p.  92.  For  it  is  impossible  to  sus- 
pect either  the  Saxon  priest  or 
Osbeni  of  a  desire  to  imdervalae 
the    antiquity  of   Glastonbury  as 


compared  with  Canterbury.  Com- 
pare Bobcrtson,  Hist.  Kssays,  p. 
190. 

2  Elfric's  Life  of  Ethelwold,  Hist. 
Abend,  ii.  257. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Ixxxv 


is  Elfiric»  the  suoeessor  of  Aldhun,  under  whom  he  say9  Duwtan'g 

predecdnor. 

Dunstan  had  been  educated.  In  the  ancient  list,  how- 
ever, Dunstan's  immediate  predecessor  is  named  Ecg- 
widf ;'  and  the  next  in  order,  counting  backwards,  is 
Cuthred,  whom  I  am  inclined  to  identify  with  that 
"  Cudret"  who  appears  among  the  courtiers  of  Athel- 
stan  in  the  compact  with  the  monks  of  Si  Gall.^ 

It  might  be  difficult  to  define  the  monastic  character  nunstaa's 
that  Dunstan  had  assumed;  but  it  differed  as  much monachism. 
fix>m  the  system  which  it  superseded  as  it  did  from 
the  more  perfect  form  into  which  it  ultimately  grew. 
No  doubt  the  name  and  dress  of  the  monk  was  re- 
sumed. Wul&ed,  Dunstan's  early  friend,  is  called  a 
deacon,^  but  the  companions  of  his  retirement  whilst 
he  is  abbot  are  called  monks.^  He  himself  in  the  fa- 
mous drawing,  which  with  very  much  probability  is 
ascribed  to  his  own  hand,  appears  in  the  dress  of  a 
monk.^  Yet  the  establishment  at  Glastonbury  under 
him  is  much  more  of  a  school  than  a  convent:  the 
words  "  scholasticus "  and  ''  discipulus "  come  more 
naturally  than  "monachus."  In  this  again  there  is 
nothing  peculiar  to  Glastonbury ;  exactly  the  same  pro- 
cesses are  traceable  at  Abingdon.  I  conclude  that  there 
had  taken  place,  probably  under  the  influence  of  Elfege 
the  Bald,  a  strong  tendency  towards  pure  Benedic- 
tinism :  that  tendency  was  represented  by  Dunstan  and 
Ethelwold  in  their  early  efforts,  but  it  was  not  crowned 
with  success,  or  brought  into  perfect  accord  with  the 
Benedictine  discipline,  until  Dunstan  had  seen  the  old 
rule  in  working  at  Blandinium,  and  Oswald  and  Ethel- 
wold had  brought  instructors  firom  Fleury.  The  dif- 
ference between  the  laxer  rule  of  Dunstan  and  the 
stricter  discipline  of  the  other  two,  may  be  partly  attri- 
buted to  the  difference  of  their  foreign  relations,  partly 


'  See  above,  p.  Ixxxii.,  note. 
2  See  above,  p.  Ixxv,  note. 
»  P.  15. 


*  P.  28. 

*  MS.  Bodl.     See  below,  p.  ex. 


IxXXvi  INTRODUCTION. 

Danstan'B    aldo  to  the  fact  that  Dunstan  heins  a  statesman,  and, 
raider  than  after  the  accession  of  Edgar,  in  a  position  of  supreme 
Oswald  and  importance,  was  obliged,  whatever  his  own  wishes  may 
have  been,  to  avoid  a    policy  of  persecution.     In   the 
biographies  of  Ethelwold  and  Oswald,  Dunstan  plays  a 
part  quite  secondary  to  theirs  in  the  expulsion  of  the 
clerks  from  the  monasteries ;    and  in  his  own  churches, 
Canterbury,  London,   and  Worcester,  he  attempted  no 
such  measure :  it  is  possible   that  ^he  acted  as  a  check 
rather  than  a  spur  on  the  zeal  of  Edgar..    At  the  same 
time  it  cannot   be  supposed  that  the   clerks  were   ex- 
pelled without  his  permission  ;  and  although  the  stories 
of  his  active  participation,  detailed  by  Osbem  and  Ead- 
mer,  were   borrowed   and  adapted  from   the   career  of 
Ethelwold,  there  is  evidence  enough  in  the  first  life  to 
show   that   he   sympathized   with   the   movement,  and 
that  his  own  life  and   personal  influence  were  guided 
by  an  ascetic  spirit. 
Dunstan  at       Edmuud  reigned  but   a   short  time  after  Dunstan's 
Edred.        appointment  as  abbot,  dying  on  the  26th  of  May  946.^ 
Edred,  who  succeeded  him,  reigned  imtil  November  23, 
955.^    The   former  king  was  eighteen  when  he  began 
to  reign,  twenty-four  when  he  died.     Edred  must  have 
been  within  a  year  of  the  same  age  as  Dunstan.     These 
dates  help   to   reconcile   us   to   the  fact  that  Dunstan 
became  abbot  at  twenty-two.     They  serve   to  account 
for  his  close  intimacy  with  Edred ;  they  had  been  play- 
fellows probably  at  the  court  of  Athelstan.     Edred  was 
a  sickly  young  man ;   the   Saxon   priest  has  drawn  a 
picture  of  his  ill  health  too  graphic  to  be  an  invention 
of  his  own.'^    His  mother  Eadgifu  was  his   chief  ad- 
viser, and  next  to  her  Dunstan,  who  acted  as  treasurer 
of  the  royal  estates,  and  perhaps  in  an  official  position 
somewhat  like  that  of  the  later  chancellors.     His  time 
was  divided  between  his  abbey  at  Glastonbury,  where 


»  Chr.  Sax.  AD.  946.  |       «  P.  31. 

s  Ibid.  A.D.  955.  I 


INTRODUCrnON. 


Ixxxvii 


he  was  teachinfi:  and  building,  and  his   attendance  on  court  &t 

1  .11.  ,  .     -       ^1      Winchester. 

the  king,  who  seems  to  have  kept  court,  not  in  the 
western  shires  like  Athelstan  and  Edmund,  but  chiefly 
at  Winchester.  His  reign  was  on  the  whole  a  success- 
ful one ;  for,  whether  by  his  own  energy,  by  Dunstan's 
policy,  or  by  the  divisions  of  his  enemies,  he  acquired 
finally  the  iJlegiance  of  Northumbria.  It  was,  no  doubt, 
during  a  visit  paid  with  Edred  to  the  north,  that  Dun- 
stan  saw  the  remains  of  S.  Cuthbert^ 

It  is  to  these  years,  no  doubt,  that  Dunstan's  period  §Jj^*°^ 
of  active  teaching  is  to  be  referred.  It  was  Edred  who  JjJ^JJjJ^j 
by  his  mother's  advice  placed  Ethelwold  as  abbot  at 
Abingdon  ;  and  this  is  the  time  of  Oswald's  mission  to 
Fleury.*  The  part  taken  by  archbishop  Odo  in  the 
government  of  the  country  has  been  obscured  by  the 
glory  of  the  younger  men,  and  by  the  fact  that  his  life 
was  not  written  until  a  century  and  a  half  after  his 
death.  It  is,  however,  certain  that  he  did  nothing  to 
thwart  the  policy  of  Dunstan,  and  enough  of  his  eccle- 
siastical legislation  remains  to  show  that,  in  a  determi- 
nation to  enforce  the  observance  of  both  monastic  vows 
and  the  laws  of  marriage,  he  came  in  no  degree  behind 
his  more  famous  successor.^ 

In  953,  the  death  of  Ethelgar,  bishop  of  Crediton,  Propoeai 
gave  Edred  and  Eadgifu  an  opportunity  of  promoting  Danstana 
Dunstan  to  the  episcopate.  It  may  or  may  not  be  true 
that,  as  Adelard  relates,^  a  like  offer  was  made  to  him 
on  the  death  of  Elfege  the  Bald  in  951.  He  was  not 
yet  of  canonical  age  for  consecration,  and  he  refused 
the  bishopric,  alleging  aa  the  rei^on,  if  we  are  to  credit 
the  later  writers,  his  unwillingness  to  leave  the  court 
as  long  a^  Edred  lived.  There  can,  I  think,  be  no 
doubt  about  this  part  of  the  story,  or  about  the  dream 
which  followed  his  refusal.     Elfwold  was  appointed  at 


»  See  p.  379. 

3£lflic'B  life  of  Ethelwold, 
Chron.  Abend,  ii.  257 ;  Hist.  Ram- 
sey, Grale,  p.  391. 


*  See  his  Constitutions,  pub- 
lished in  the  reign  of  Edmund,  in 
Wilkins,  Concilia,  i.  212,  sq. 

*  P.  56. 


IxXXViii  INTRODUCTION. 

his  recommendation  to  Crediton,  and  as  bishop  of  Cre- 
diton  Elfwold  attests  the  charters  of  Edred  from  953 
onwards.^  * 

Dftteof  Edred's  death  must  have   been   sudden;  he  was  at 

Edreds         -r^  «   tn  i  y-ti 

death.  Fromep  Dunstan  who  was  at  Glastonbury  was  sum- 
moned to  attend  him,  but  the  king  died  before  he  arrived, 
and  the  crown  fell  to  Edwy,  the  elder  of  the  two  sons 
of  Edmund  by  his  first  wife  Elfgifu.*  Edred's  reign 
is  said  in  the  table  of  the  kings  to  have  lasted  nine 
years  and  six  weeks  ;^  a  computation  which  agrees  but 
imperfectly  with  the  dates  given  by  Florence  of  Wor- 
cester for  his  coronation  and  death,  the  former  event 
being  placed  on  the  16th  of  August  946,  and  the  latter 
on  the  feast  of  S.  Clement,  November  23,  955.»  The 
rougher  computation  of  the  Chronicle,  nine  years  and 
a  half,  dating  from  the  death  of  Edmund,®  is  nearer 
the  mark. 
Date  of  As  Edwy  reigned  three  years,  thirty-five  weeks,  and 

coronation,  five  days,'  and  died  on  the  1st  of  October  959,  his 
coronation  feast  must  have  taken  place  on  the  first  or 
second  Sunday  after  the  Epiphany,  956.  He  could 
scarcely  at  this  time  have  been  more  than  fifteen  years 
old.  Dunstan  was  still  at  court,  and  on  him  and  his 
kinsman  Kinesige  ®  was  thrown  the  disagreeable  task  of 


1  P.  30.  ^  Kinc8ige  appears  first  in  a  char- 


3  Chron.  Sax.  A.D.  955. 
*Chion.  Sax.  A.D.  955;   Mod. 
Hist.  Brit.  p.  662. 
*  MS.  Tiberius,  A.  3  ;    Chr.  S. 


ter  of  Athelstan  to  Abtogdoo, 
Kemble,  CD.  1129,  as  bishop  of 
Berkshire.  Berkshire  was  properly 
in   the  diocese  of  Ramsbury,    of 


ed.  Thorpe,  i.  283.  j  which  Odo  was  bishop  at  the  time. 

^So  also  Ethel werd,  M.  H.  B.  ;  In  the  lists  ofbishop8(M.H.B.  624) 

p.  520.  :  he  is  bishop  of  Lichfield ;  he  may 

^  Ethelwerd  says  the    same,  p.  have  been  administering  Berkshire 


220. 

7  «  Fom"  years  less  seven  weeks," 
MSr  Tiberius,  B.  5 ;  Rel.  Ant.  ii. 
171 ;  "  quadrienulo  "  Ethelwerd,  p. 
520 ;  "  three  years,  thirty-six  weeks, 
*'  less  two  days,"  MS.  Tiberius, 
A.  3  ;  Thorpe,  Chr.  S.  p.  233. 


for  Odo  at  the  date  of  the  earlier 
charter.  He  attests  charters  from 
931  to  934,  and  from  949-963 ;  but 
possibly  enough  there  were  two 
persons  of  the  name. 


I 


INTRODUCTION. 


Ixxxix 


briDging  back  the  careless  and  obstinate  boy,  from  the  ^j^^ 
chamber  of  Ethelgifu  and  her  daughter,  to  the  solemn  ^^^ 
banquet  On  this  event  much  has  been  written,  and 
an  amount  of  criticism  spent,  altogether  out  of  propor- 
tion to  the  materials  for  its  history.^  The  narration 
of  the  Saxon  priest  is  the  primary  authority;  written 
forty  years  after  the  event,  and  not  by  an  eye-witness, 
it  bears  marks  of  having  been  coloured  by  popular  tra- 
dition. The  distinction  which  L  have  drawn  above,  as 
to  the  narrative  of  our  author,  where  it  concerns  Dun« 
Stan's  private  history,  and  where  it  touches  on  public 
events,  may  be  applied  here.  The  monstrous  lust  of 
such  a  mere  child  as  Edwy  was  could  not  have  been  a 
main  feature  of  a  story  told  by  Dunstan  himself,  who 
knew  the  truth,  and  who,  although  he  had  been  perse- 
cuted by  EthelgiAi,  had  no  temptation  to  pervert  facts. 
The  offence  given  to  Dunstan  may  easily  be  accounted 
for  by  the  relationship  of  Edwy  and  Ethelgifu,  and  the 
bulk  of  our  historians  have  so  construed  it. 

Dunstan's  flight  to  Flanders  must  have  followed  early  BuiLstan  in 
in  the  year  956 ;  the  charters  of  Edwy,  which  are  at- 
tested by  him,'  may  some  of  them  be  referred  possibly 
to  the  day  of  the  coronation.  Edgar  continued  much  Edgar  stiu 
longer  at  his  brother's  side,  at  least  until  the  summer 
of  957.'  The  rebellion  of  the  Northumbrians  and  Mer- 
cians  cannot  be  thrown  later  than  the  spring  of  958. 


ftt  court. 


1  Od  thiB  subject  may  be  read 
with  adraotage  Mr.  Allen's  Eeaaj, 
appeoded  to  his  work  on  the  Pre- 
rogatiTe,  p.  220,  and  Hallam's  note 
in  the  History  of  the  Middle  Ages. 
The  former  is  yery  specnlatire. 
Hallam's  concloiion  is  in  defiance 
of  his  argument. 

'  These  are,  a  grant  to  Wilton, 
dated  95.5»  Kemhle,  436;  one  to 
Abingdon,  dated  956,  Eemble,  441; 


one  dated  956  at  Cirencester,  in 
favour  of  Worcester,  Kemble,  451  ; 
one  to  JESrie,  in  the  Abingdon 
Cartulary,  dated  956,  Kemble,  1 1 86, 
1187. 

'Edgar  attests  charters  of  his 
brother  as  late  as  May  9,  957, 
Kemble,  465.  A  charter  to  bishop 
Oscytel,  which  is  attested  by  him, 
dated  958  (Kemble,  472),  is  shown 
by  the  indiction  to  belong  to  956. 


xc 


rsTRODVcnoN. 


Edgar  be- 
comes king 
of  Mercia. 


Dunstan 
made  a 
bishop. 


Council  of 

Brandan- 

ford. 

\ 


In  that  year  Edgar  begins  to  issue  charters  as  king.^  The 
revolt  is  placed  by  Florence  of  Worcester  in  957,  and 
as  bishop  Kynewald  of  Worcester,  whose  death  made 
room  for  Dimstan  as  bishop,  disappears  in  that  year 
from  the  charters,  the  recall  of  Dunstan  probably  fol- 
lowed immediately  on  the  revolt.  Edgar  is  reckoned 
to  have  reigned  two  years  at  the  time  of  his  brother  s 
death. 

Dunstan's  return  was  followed  by  his  promotion  to 
the  episcopate.  Glastonbury  was  in  the  hands  of  Edwy, 
and  for  the  time  it  appeared  that  he  had  no  .chance 
of  recovering  it.  It  was  accordingly  determined  in  a 
coimcil  of  the  witan  attached  to  Edgar,  that  t)imstan 
should  be  made  a  bishop.  This  council  was  held  at  a 
place  called  in  the  various  MSS.  of  the  first  life  Bra- 
danford  or  Brandanford.'  If  the  latter  reading  be  right, 
and  it  is  the  reading  which  Mabillon  recognized  in  the 
Arras  MS.,  and  is  clearly  that  of  the  Cottonian,  the 
place  was  probably  Brentford,  the  earlier  form  of  which, 
Bregentnaford,  was  probably  lost.  If  the  other  reading 
be  the  true  one,  Bradford  in  Wiltshire  would  seem  to 
be  the  place  meant;  but  if  so,  then  Edwy's  kingdom 
must  have  been  much  more  circumscribed  than  we  have 
any  other  reasons' for  supposing  it  to  have  been.  The 
Wiltshire  Bradford  must,  I  think,  have  been  in  Edwy's 
hands,  and  the  balance  of  probability  is  in  favour  of 
Brentford. 


^  These  of  course  are  not  nume- 
rous: one  from  the  Peterborough 
Cartulary,  dated  958,  in  which 
Edgar  calls  himself  "rex.  Anglo- 
rum,"  is  signed  by  Oskytcl  of  Dor- 
chester, Dunstan  of  Worcester, 
Kinsige  of  Lichfield,  Athulf  of 
Hereford,  andLeofwine  of  Lindsey, 
Kemble,  471  ;  another,  dated  959, 
from  the  same  Cartulary,  has  the 


signature  of  Dunstan  as  bishop  of 
London,  and  Oskytel  as  archbishop 
of  York  (Kemble,  480),  Edgar 
calling  himself  king  of  the  Mer- 
cians. 

*  Pp.  86,  470.  The  account  of 
this  council  given  by  Willcins,  Con-^ 
cilia,  it  224,  is  an  extract  from 
archbishop  Parker's  Antiquitaie$t 


INTKODUCTION. 


XCl 


The  story  further  reads   as  if  the  resolution  of  the  The  qui*- 

tion  M  to 

witan  merely  was  that   Dunstan  should  be  promoted.  Dunstan'a 


conwcm- 


No  see  is  mentioned,  perhaps  no  see  was  vacant.  We  tion. 
are  not  told  that  Dunstan  was  consecrated  upon  this 
recommendation,  and  Adelard  probably  records  the  truth 
when  he  describes  him  as  consecrated  by  Odo  to  the 
see  of  Wprcester.  Yet  it  is  quite  possible  that  he  was 
consecrated  as  an  unattached  bishop,  as  the  Saxon  priest 
describes,  to  attend  personally  on  Edgar  and  give  him 
the  benefit  of  his  counsel.  Such  an  appointment  would 
not  have  been  entirely  out  of  keeping  with  the  system 
of  diocesan  episcopacy  that  had  prevailed  in  Wessex, 
where  from  the  time  of  Ethelwulf  there  had  been  occa- 
sionally shire-bishops  with  no  fixed  see.  On  this  hy-Thetnuii- 
pothesis  might  be  explained  the  tradition  preserved  by 
Adelard  that  Odo  consecrated  Dunstan,  "  titulo  ecclesise 
cui  episcopus  datus  est  cojiticito;''^  the  idea  that  he  did 
so  by  divine  instruction,  that  he  might  succeed  him  at 
Canterbury,  being  an  after-thought. 

Whether  or  no  this  was  the  case,  the  death  of  Ky  ne-  He  is 
wald,  bishop  of  Worcester,  gave  the  new  bishop  a  see.  woiSrter, 
Kynewald's  name  appears  for  the  last  time  in  a  charter 
of  9o7;  and,  in  the  few  charters  of  958  which  were 
issued  by  Edgar  during  his  brother's  lifetime,  Dunstan 
appears  as  bishop.  If  the  festival  kept  on  the  21st  of 
October  at  Canterbxiry,  as  the  ordination  of  S.  Dunstan,^ 
commemorates  his  episcopal  consecration,  it  must,  I 
think,  be  referred  to  the  year  957.     In  959  he  received  jodof 

_  JjODuOII. 

the  see  of  London,®  and  held  it  together  with  Wor- 
cester imtil  the  settlement  that  followed  Edwy's  death. 
This  arrangement  may  not  improbably  have  been  made 


>  P.  60 ;  c£,  pp.  103,  104,  195, 
292,  for  the  amplification  of  the 
idea. 

'  From  the  Obitoary  or  Martyr- 
ology  of  Canterbury,  Wharton, 
Ang.  Sac.  i.  54:  ^  zii.  Cal.  Novem- 


''  bria,  Cantaaris,  ordinatio  B. 
*'  Bunstani  archiepiBcopi,  cigas  vita 
"  quam  fuerit  pontificatu  digoa 
"  etiam  diyina  reyelatione  inno- 
"  tuit" 
«  P.  37. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Reason 
for  the 
plurality. 


Bate  of 
Edw^'s 
marriage. 


either  because  Odo  was  dead,  or  because  Canterbury, 
where  a  new  bishop  would  have  had  to  seek  consecra- 
tion, was  in  the  hands  of  Edwy. 

Edwy's  marriage  must  have  taken  pkce  in  956,  or 
early  in  957 ;  the  charter  of  Abingdon,  attested  by  Elf- 
gifu  the  king's  wife,  and  Ethelgifu  the  king's  wife's 
mother,  bearing  also  the  attestation  of  bishop  Kynewald.^ 
It  is  not  attested  by  Odo,  who  had  no  doubt  been 
offended  with  the  marriage.  Edwy's  charters  in  which 
Odo's  name  appears*  in  957  may  have  been  granted 
most  probably  before,  that  event :  those  of  958,  after 
the  forced  reconciliation,  following  the  separation  of 
Edwy  and  EUgifii,  which  is  placed  by  the  Anglo-Saxon 
Chronicle  of  Worcester  *  in  that  year. 

The  next  point  to  be  considered  is  one  of  the  most 
complex  in  our  early  annals,  but  it  is  also  one  on 
.which  our   Saxon   priest  is   a  primary  authority:  the 


\ 


^  Hist.  Abend,  i.  218;  Kemble, 
CD.  No.  1201.  The  charter  is  uot 
quite  simple.  Edwy  bestows  Ken- 
ningtou  on  the  priest  Brihthelm, 
with  the  date  956,  and  the  attesta- 
tion of  Odo,  Edgar,  El&ige,  Oswulf, 
Wulfsige,  Kynewold,  and  Daniel; 
that  is  clearly  before  the  revolt  of 
the  north,  and  [Drobably  before  the 
marriage.  After  this  Brihthelm, 
now  a  bishop,  exchanges  the  Ken- 
nington  estate  for  one  at  Ciydan- 
bridge  with  abbot  Ethelwold  of 
Abingdon;  this  exchange  being 
without  date,  and  attested  by 
**  ^I%ifii  thsBS  cininges  wif,  and 
'*  JEthelgifu  thses  cyninges  wifes 
"  modur,"  Elfsige,  Oswnlf,  and 
Coenwald,  bishops.  This  exchange 
is  undated,  but  it  must  hare  taken 
place  some  time  after  the  grant. 
Brihthelm  had  in  the  meanwhile 
become  a  bishop,  Odo  and  Edgar 
were  away  from  the  court,  and  Elf- 


gifu  and  her  mother  supreme  for 
the  time.  All  then  that  it  prores 
is  the  iJEu^tof  the  marriage,  and  that 
it  took  place  during  the  life  of 
Kynewald,  Dunstan's  predecessor. 

3  Tiberius,  B.  4, "  Her  on  thiseum 
**  geare  Oda  arcebiscop  totwsemde 
"  Eadwi  cyning  and  ^Ifgyfe,  for- 
"  thsem  the  hi  wnron  to  gesybbe." 
It  is  to  be  remembered  that  thia  lj» 
all  the  evidence  we  have  on  the 
subject  except  the  tradition  preva- 
lent a  hundred  and  fifty  years  after. 
The  Saxon  priest  says  nothing  aboot 
the  completion  of  the  marriage,  and 
the  biographer  of  Oswald  gives  a 
di£Eerent  story,  making  Edwy  an 
adulterer:  '*  subuxore  propria alte- 
"  rum  adamavit  quam  et  rapuit  .  .  . 
"  Antistes  autem  (Odo)  .  .  .  equnm 
"  ascendlt  et  ad  villam  qua  muUer 
**  mansitabat  pervenit,  eamque 
"  rapuit  et  de  regno  perduxit" 
(Nero,  E.  1.  to.  1). 


INTRODUCTION.  xciii 


circumstanced  that  followed  the  death  of  Odo,  and  the  Queiiion  m 

.,  ^      i^  -w^  m  »  ^  , -to  the  date 

appointment  of  Dunstan  as  his  successor.     Our  author,  ^^o*> 
who  gives  no  dates,  teUs  us  that  on  Odo's  death,  Elfsin 
or  El&ige,  bishop  of  Winchester,  succeeded  him;  that 
Elfsige'  on  his  way  to  Rome  crossed  the  Alps  in  deep 
snow,  and   caught  the  cold   which   killed  him.     His 
companions  returned.     Bjrrhthelm,  the  bishop  of  Dorset, 
was  chosen  in  his  place,  and  having  shown  himself  in-  sumMsion 
competent  to  enforce  discipline  was  sent  back   to  hisudByrht- 
see  by  the  king>  who  then  with  the  advice  of  his  witan 
appointed  Dunstan.^     We  are  not  told  who  was  king 
when  El&ige  and  Byrhthelm  were  appointed ;  the  king 
who  nominated  Dunstan  was  of  course  Edgar.    There 
is  thus  nothing  in  the  original  story  that   is  fatal   to  whomo- 
the  belief  that  El&ige  and  Bjrrhthehn  were  the  nomi-"^        *°* 
nees  of  Edwy,  and  the  humiliation  of  the  latter  prelate 
a  result  of  the  changes  that  followed   Edwy's  death. 
The  Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle,  except  in  its  latest  and 
most  questionable  edition,  does  not  mention  either  the 
death  of  Odo  or  the  names  of  Elfsige  and  Byrhthelm ; 
and  Adelard  also  is  silent  on  the  whole  transaction. 

When,  however,  we  come  to  the  time  of  Osbem  and  lAterstote- 
Florence,  we  find  an  immediate  diflSculty.  Osbem  at-^"*»«- 
tributes  the  appointment  of  Elfsige  and  Bjrrhthelm  to 
Edgar :  •  Florence  of  Worcester,  perhaps  wavering  in  his 
own  mind,  places  the  election  of  Elfsige  before,  and  that 
of  Bjrrhthelm  after,  the  accession  of  Edgar  to  the  whole 
kingdom.^  William  of  Malmesbury  follows  Osbem  in 
ascribing  the  appointment  of  Elfsige  to  Edgar,^  and 
although  in  the  life  of  Dunstan  he  adopts  the  same 
statements  about   Byrhthelm,   does   not  mention  him 


>  Pp.  37,38.  The  Ufe  of  Oswald 
(Nero,  E.  1),  which  is  the  original 
anthority  for  the  innilt  offered  hy 
Elftige  to  DanataD  (pp.  S94,  338) 
helow,  is  alao  ailent  aa  to  the  king 
who  appointed  Elfsige. 


>  F.  107 ;  the  name  of  Edgar  is 
not  given,  bat  the  king  who  fir^^t 
pressed  the  election  on  Dunstan 
could  not  have  been  Edwy. 

»  Flor.  Wig.  A.D.  958,  959. 

*  P.  294. 

e 


XCIV 


INTRODXJCnON. 


EmI 

Bcantinen  of 
evidence. 


The  later     amon£r  the  archbishops  in  the  Gesta  Pontificum.     Ead- 

wnten  refer  ^  .    i        ,  , 

the  pro-^^  mer,  who  might  have  been  expected  to  be  accurate, 
Bifeigeto  follows  Osbem.*  Such  an  array  of  writers,  who  pos- 
sessed, in  the  records  of  their  churches,  authorities 
which  have  not  come  down  to  us,  might  be  supposed 
to  afford  a  conclusive  comment  on  the  original  state- 
ment, strong  enough  certainly  to  refute  an  argument 
founded  on  the  first  reading  of  that  statement 

Such,  however,  is  the  scantiness  of  all  information 
added  by  these  writers  to  the  original  stock  preserved 
in  the  Chronicle,  that  we  can  scarcely  give  them  credit 
for  possessing  or  for  using  materials  that  have  not  come 
down  to  us.     We  have  resource,  therefore,  to  the  infor- 
mation which  we  may  find  in  charters  and  kalendars, 
and  in  a  more  precise  examination  of  the  chronology. 
wiiEttime        Edwy  died  on  the  1st  or  2nd  of  October  959.*    Odo 
between  the  died  on  the  2nd  of  June;^  but  in  what  year?  His  name 
oldoandthat  is  fouud  attached  to  an  Abingdon  charter  dated  May  17, 
^^      959,  which  has   no  decisive   mark  of  forgery.*    If  he 
died  in  June  959,  there  is  still  time  before  the  1st  of 
October  for  Elfsige   to  go   as  fSeur   as   the  Alps,  thirty- 
three  days  journey,  for  his  companions  to  return  home, 
and  Byrhthelm  to  be  elected.     And  the  existence  of  a 
charter  of  Edwy,  dated  959,  and  attested  by  Byrhthelm 
as  "  Dorobemensis  ecdedse  episcopus,"  may  be  regarded 
as  conclusively  proving  that  he  was  appointed  by  that 
king.^    On  the  other  hand,  such  a  succession  of  events 


iP.  198. 

'Four  MSS.  of  the  Chronicle 
giye  the  year  959;  two  958;  one 
Oct.  1,  958.  Florence  giyes  959 ; 
the  Kalendar  printed  by  Hampgon, 
gives  the  day  Oct.  2  ;  the  charters 
afford  ample  proof  that  Bdwy  waa 
alive  in  959. 

'  Obituary  of  Canterbury ,  Angl. 
Sacr.  i.  54. 

^Eemble,     Cod.      Dip!.      No. 


1224,  an  Abingdon  charter,  at- 
tested not  only  by  Odo  but  by 
Eadgiva  the  king's  grandmother, 
Hiat.  Abend,  i.  169-172.  It  is 
worth  observing  that  of  the  two 
copies  of  this  charter  one  (Clau- 
dius, 0.  9)  omits  the  name  of  Odo. 

*  This  charter,  which  is  not  in 
Kemble,  is  in  the  book  of  Hyde 
(ed.  Edwards),  p.  177. 


INTBODUCrnOJHT.  XCV 

is  SO  rapid  as  to  be  almost  unprecedented  Elfsigeododied 
would  hardly  have  foxuid  the  Alps  so  blocked  with fnws. ^ 
snow  in  June  that  he  should  be  really  frozen  to  death ; 
and  Florence  of  Worcester  distinctly  places  Odo's  death 
in  the  year  in  which  he  separated  Edwy  and  E^gifrt, 
that  is  in  958.  It  is  important,  too,  to  observe  that  one  ^ 
copy  of  the  Abingdon  charter  omits  the  name  of  Qdp.  .  r 
On  the  whole  we  may  safely  conclude  that  sujffici^it 
ground  is  found  for  setting  aside  the  statements  of  Os- 
bem  as  to  the  nomination  of  his  two  successors,  and 
for  interpreting  the  Saxon  priest  accordingly. 

A  minor  question  is  this :  Byrhthelm  is  called  by  our  ^^^  * 
first  author  the  bishop  of  Dorset/  that  is,  of  Sherborne ;  ner 
but  the  lists  of  the  bishops  of  Sherborne  contain  no 
such  name,  that  see  having  been  occupied  successively 
by  Wulfiige,  who,  as  we  know  from  charters,  disappears 
in  958,  and  Elfwold,  who  signs  first  in  961.     It  is  true 
that  between  these  years  there  is  room  for  Byrhthelm, 
but  the  lists,  which  are  nearly  contemporary,  do  not 
admit  him.     On  the  other  hand,  we  find  prelates  of  this 
name  at  this  period,  in  the  sees  of  Wells,  Winchester, 
and  London.     It  is  not  by  any  means  impossible  that 
the  bishop  who  was  elected  to  Canterbury  was  the 
bishop  of  WeUs,  who  is  called  elecivs  in  956,^  and  who 
may  either  have  held  Sherborne  after  Wulfsige's  death 
in  968,  as  well  as  Wells,  just  as  Dunstan  held  London,  Sei>«j?L 
or  have  been  called  bishop  of  Dorset  in  mistake  for^^***- 
Somerset     We  find  his  name,  however,  so  often  in  the 
Abingdon  charters,  that  it  seems  more  natural  to  adopt 
the  former  supposition.    The   &ct   that  we  find  two 


'  P.  38. 

9  Kemble,  C.  D.  n.  349 :  from 
a  Bath  Cartulary.  Byrhthelm  of 
Wells  mccceded  a  bishop  named 
Wulfhefan  in  956:  Wolfsige  of 
Sherborne  disappears  from  the 
charten  in  958  j  and  his  saccessor 


Elfwold  first  appears  in  961.  I  am 
strengthened  in  this  eonjecture  by 
finding  that  Mr.  Robertson,  Hist. 
Essays,  p.  194  note,  also  supposes 
Byrhthehn  to  have  succeeded 
Walffdge  in  958. 

g2 


xcvi 


INTRODUCTION. 


name. 


Duiutan 
beoomei 


More  1^  biBhops  of  the  name  constantly  attesting  together  ^  hin- 
ders us  from  identifying  this  Byrhthelm  with  the  occu- 
pants of  the  sees  of  London  and  Winchester ;  but  it  is 
obvious  that  if  Canterbury  were  practically  vacant  as  we 
have  supposed  from  June  958  to  October  959,  any  bishops 
appointed  in  the  meantime  must  have  either  sought 
consecration  elsewhere  or  have  held  sees  in  plurality. 
I  think  that  on  the  whole  it  is  most  likely  that  Byrht- 
helm, who  is  called  the  king's  kinsman,^  was  a  com- 
petitor with  Dunstan  in  more  ways  than  t)ne ;  he  was 
probably  Edwys  prime  minister,  as  Dunstan  was  Ed- 
gar's, and  Edgar's  triumph  was  the  decisive  cause  for 
his  final  defeat. 

Dunstan  then  became  Archbishop  of  Canterbury  in 

i^biBhop.  959 ;  the  entries  in  the  Chronicle  which  place  this  event 
in  961  ^  being  late  insertions,  and  at  variance  with  the 
evidence  of  charters.  The  commemoration  of  his  ordi- 
nation on  Oct.  21,*  before  mentioned,  may  possibly  refer 
to  his  installation  at  Canterbury ;  and  if  this  be  the 
case,  no  time  could  have  been  lost  after  Edwy's  death 
in  removing  Byrhthelm,  a  fact  which  is  moreover  proved 
by  two  charters  of  959  *  which  Dunstan  witnesses. 
After  the  settlement  of  the  kingdom  he  went  to  Bome 
for  the  pall.  This  he  received  from  Pope  John  XII. 
probably  in  960,  in  which  year  very  few  charters  con- 
tain his  name.  In  961  he  consecrated  Elfstan  and 
Oswald  his  successors  in  the  sees  of  London  and  Wor- 
cester, probably  also  the  new  bishop  of  Sherborne.  In 
963  he  consecrated  Ethelwold,  his  old  fellow  pupil  or 
disciple,  to  the  see  of  Winch^ster,^  and  from  that  date 


Goeato 
Bome. 


*  e.g.  Kemble,  C.  D.  Nos. 
1225. 

2  Kemble,  C.  D.  469. 

3  See  Thorpe*8  edition,  pp.  218, 
219 ;  where  it  will  be  Been  that  the 
passage  is  an  interpolation  in  one 
MS.,  is  altogether  omitted  in  four, 
and  at  home  only  in  the  Canterbury 


MS.  Dom.  A.  8,  which  is  the  least 
valuable  as  an  authority. 

*  Ang.  Sac.  i.  54  ;  above,  p.  xci., 
note.2 

•Kemble,  C.  D.  Nos.  1221, 
1225. 

«  Chr.  S.  A.D.  963. 


nnntoDucTzoN. 


xcvu 


begins  the  struggle  of  the  monks  and  clerks  which  fur-  strngria 
nishes  most  of  the  historians  of  the  reign  with  their mo^uaod 
chief  subject  of  discussion.     We  must^  however,  dismiss  ^^"^ 
this  fiunous  question  with  a  very  few  remarks  in  addition 
to  those  already  made. 
All  evidence  seems  to  show  that,  whilst  the  monastic  Bite  of 

fin  A  TIAW 

movement  had  taken  its  rise  at  Winchester,  it  had  moDadusm. 
been  received  with  the  most  fervour  in  Mercia.  Dunstan 
received  his  impressions  in  its  fietvour  from  El£age  the 
Bald.  Ethelwold  was  a  native,  of  Winchester,  and 
Oswald  had  been  trained  and  held  preferment  in  the 
same  city.  The  revival  of  Glastonbury  and  Abingdon, 
tinder  the  patronage  of  Edred,  was  the  limit  of  success 
in  Wessex  for  a  long  time,  and  the  four  years  of  Edwy's 
rule  were  unfavourable  to  its  extension.  The  statements 
of  Osbem  and  Eadmer,  that  Edwy  confiscated  all  mo- 
nastic property,^  are  not  borne  out  by  the  authority  of 
the  earlier  writers,  but  Glastonbury  had  certainly  been 
seized,  and  the  condition  of  Winchester  under  Ethelwold 
seems  to  show  that  such  monachism  as  had  existed 
under  El£^  was  extinguished  under  his  successor.  We 
may  safely  infer  that  the  monastic  party  shared  in  the 
disgrace  of  Dunstan,  and  was  'made  to  bear  the  effects 
of  the  quarrel  between  Edwy  and  Odo.  Accordingly  connexion 
when  the  revolt  of  the  Mercians  and  Northumbrians  monadic 
placed  Edgar  in  the  position  of  a  rival,  and  a  too  fiLeraaT 
powerful  rival,  to  his  brother,  it  was  natural  that  he 
should  find  support  in  the  monastic  party;  it  is  also 
quite  possible  that  that  revolt  was  prompted  by  the 
leaders  of  the  religious  reform,  who  were  provoked  by 
Edwy's  foolish  and  unlawful  marriage.  The  story  that 
Edgar  in  his  early  youth  had  been  moved  by  the  sight 
of  the  ruined  monasteries  to  make  a  vow  of  restitution  ^ 


i.^y. 


A- 


1  Pp.  101,  191. 

'  Regolaris  Coacordia :  pre&ce. 
See  p.  S90,  below.  *<  Clericos  pero« 
"  mm  halniit,  noftri  habidis  Tirofl 


"  sicut  diximiis  bonorarit,''  sajv 
the  monk  of  Bamsey.  (Y.  Osvalilb 
Kero  E.  1.  f.  8). 


XCVIU  INTRODUCTION. 

Edgar's       may  very  well   be   true;   he  owed  his  crown  to   men 
seal.  who  were  sincere  in  their   desire   to   bring  about  the 

same  end.  Unquestionably  there  were  many  other 
points  at  issue.  Wessex  and  Mercia  were  held  together 
by  a  very  slight  thread,  as  both  earlier  and  later  history 
show ;  but  there  can,  I  think,  be  no  doubt  either  that 
religious  questions  entered  into  the  straggle,  or  that  the 
results  bound  Edgar,  even  more  firmly  than  they  bound 
Dunstan,  to  the  monastic  interest.  The  very  scanty 
notices  of  the  Chronicle  during  Edgar's  reign  illustrate 
this,  and  what  little  truth  can  be  sifted  from  the  ex- 
aggerations of  the  later  monastic  writers  seems  to  confirm 
the  conclusion.  Oswald,  under  the  protection  of  the 
East  Anglian  ealdorman  Ethelwin,  was  working  at 
Monaohisin  Bamscy.  Ethclwold  was  nursing  a  scheme  of  extension 
which  was  to  revive  the  churches  which  had  perished 
in  the  Danelaw.  Archbishop  Oskytel  of  York,  the  near 
kinsman  of  Oswald  and  Odo,  and  of  the  half  mythic 
Thurkytel,  abbot  of  Bedford,  whom  Crowland  after- 
wards claimed  as  founder,  must  have  been  one  leader 
of  the  "  populus  brumalis,"  when  they  renounced  Edwy. 
Edgar's  success  placed  these  men  in  possession  of  all  the 
power  they  could  desire.  With  Dunstan  at  Canterbury, 
Ethelwold  at  Winchester,  and  Oswald  at  Worcester, 
their  course  was  clear.  Ethelwold  was  the  moving 
spirit,  Oswald  tempered  zeal  with  discretion,  Dunstan's 
hand  may  be  credited  with  such  little  moderation  and 
practical  wisdom  as  can  be  traced.  The  movement,  with 
all  its  drawbacks,  was  justifiable,  perhaps  absolutely 
imfiortanoe  necessaiy.  The  cleansing  of  Winchester  from  the 
wvivai.  "  spurcitise  clericorum"  may  not  have  been  indispen- 
sable to  the  welfare  of  Bamsey,  Ely,  Peterborough,  and 
Thomey ;  but  we  cannot  doubt  that  a  monastic  mission 
system  was  necessary  for  the  recovery  of  middle  Eng- 
land from  the  desolation  and  darkness  which  had  been 
brought  upon  it  by  the  Danes,  or  that  the  monastic 
revival  was  in  those  regions  both  successful  and  useful 


INTRODTTCnOK.  XdX 

In  his  first  year,  964,  Eihelwold,  with  Edgar's  assis-  Frooe«.of 
tance,  expelled  the  seculars  from  the  two  great  monas-  'n^^^<> 
teries  of  Winchester,  from  Chertsey,  and  £rom  Milton,^ 
and  after  doing  so,  carried  out  his  scheme  in  middle 
England.  He  recovered  EHy,  Peterborough,  and  Thomey 
firom  the  hands  into  whidi  they  had  fallen,  and  esta- 
blished a  body  of  monks  in  each,  under  abbots  of  his 
own  training.  Oswald  acted  with  less  energy ;  instead 
of  driving  the  clerks  out  of  Ids  cathedral  at  Worcester, 
he  removed  his  episcopal  chair  to  the  neighbouring 
monastery ;  but  he  carried  on  his  educational  and  mis- 
sionary work  at  Ramsey  with  not  less  zeal  than  was 
shown  by  Ethelwold.  It  is  accordingly  on  this  part  of 
England  that  the  storm  fiedls  when  the  old  causes  of 
quarrel  revive  after  the  death  of  Edgar. 

The  only  other  question  of  interest  in  the  career  of  story  of  the 
Dunstan  duiin^c  the  reimi  of  Ed£[ar  is  that  which  con-  wutonand 

^^  the  soTen 

cems  the  kin^f  s  coronation  at  Bath,  and,  in  connexion  7«^' 

^  penance. 

wiait.  the  story  of  the  nun  of  WUtonand  the  septennial'^ 
penance.  According  to  Osbem,'  Edgar  violated  a  nun 
at  Wilton,  who  became  mother  of  Edward,  his  successor, 
and  Dunstan  imposed  as  a  penance,  besides  other  ob- 
servances, the  disuse  of  the  crown  for  seven  years  and 
the  foundation  of  a  nunnery  at  Shaftesbury.  Eadmer 
denies  that  the  young  woman  in  question  was  a  nun, 
or  that  she  was  the  mother  of  Edward,  but  admits  the 
£act  of  the  crime  and  the  penance,  with  the  exception 
of  the  foundation  of  Shaftesbury,  which  was  known  to 
have  been  a  work  of  King  Alfred.*  Gotselin,  the  bio- 
grapher of  S.  Edith,  and  a  contemporary  of  Osbem, 
gives  to  the  lady  of  Wilton  the  name  of  Wulftrudis,  and 
asserts  that  Edgar  would  have  married  her  had  she  not 
retired  to  take  the  veil  at  Wilton.*    Nicolas  of  Wor- 


1  Ctt.  8.  A.D.  964. 

«Pp.  Ill,  112. 

•  I^.  163,  209|  2iO. 


«  MabiUon,  AA.  SS.  O.  S.  B.  ssec. 
T.  p.  623. 


IKTKODUCTION. 


Different  cester,  Eadmer's  fiiend>  denied  the  connexion  between 
Ed^'s^nn.  the  disuse  of  the  crown  and  the  sin  of  Edgar>  and  gave 
the  name  of  S.  Edward's  mother  as  Egelfleda,  daughter 
of  Ordmser^  ealdorman  of  the  East  Angles.^  William  of 
Malmesbury,  in  the  Gesta  Begum,  whilst  he  related 
three  legendary  stories  of  Edgar's  vices,  attempted  to 
harmonize  the  several  accounts  which  he  had  read,  and 
gave  the  full  account  of  the  murder  of  Ethelwold  and 
marriage  of  Edgar .  and  Elfthritha,  adding  that  the 
nunnery  of  Werewell  was  founded  as  an  expiation  for 
the  crime.* 

So  far  as  direct  evidence  goes,  the  story  of  the  nun 
of  Wilton  rests  on  the  testimony  of  Osbem,  which  is 
in  itself  suspicious,  and  is  told  with  circumstances  that 
supply  a  partial  refutation.  As  on  this  the  truth  of 
the  septennial  penance  depends,  it  may  Cairly  be  argued 
that  the  whole  story  stands  or  falls  together.  The  life 
of  S.  Edith,  however,  which  represents  a  quite  inde- 
pendent tradition,  clearly  shows  that  there  was  an  ancient 
scandal  about  a  veiled  lady  at  Wilton ;  William  of 
Mabnesbury's  legend  of  the  murder  of  Ethelwold  proves 
a  tradition  as  to  the  foundation  of  an  expiatory  monas- 
tery. The  words  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  poet,  imbedded  in 
the  Chronicle,  are  a  telling  proof  of  Edgar's  vices.^  The 
coronation  taking  place  in  973,  just  seven  years  after 
the  mairiage  of  Edgar  and  Elfbhritha,  affords  a  pre- 
sumption as  to  some  connexion  between  the  story  of  the 
seven  years  penance  and  that  ill-omened  marriage.     But 


Certainty 
that  there 
wuan 
ancient 
scandal 
about  Bdgar. 


'  Below,  p.  423.  The  biographer 
of  Oswald  (Nero  B.  1)  says  the 
Elfthritha  was  the  daughter  of 
Ordmer,  ealdorman  of  the  "  Occi- 
"  dentales  Angli  $ "  but  he  also 
makes  her  mother  of  both  Edward 
and  Ethelred ;  so  that  he  must  have 
confounded  two  of  Edgar^s  wives. 
The  Chronicle  says  that  Elfthritha 
was  daughter  of  Ordgar. 


^  Gesta  Segum,  lib.  I.  (cd. 
Hardy,  p.  254). 

*  A.D.  958.  Canute  thought  Ed- 
gar  *'  vitiis  deditus,  maximeque  U- 
"  bidinis  servus  in  subjectos  propior 
"  tyranno  fuisset."  W.  Malm. 
Q.  P.  (ed.  Hamilton),  p.  190:  from 
Gotselin's  Life  of  S.  Edith )  Mabil- 
Ion,  ssec.  t,  p.  626. 


nrrKODtrcrroK. 


ei 


tike  very  curcumstanoes  which  seem  to  us  to  afford  aimpoanbie 
practical  clue  to  the  explanation  may  have  themselves  oertun 
suggested  the  legend.  It  may  be  quite  as  wise  to  reject 
the  whole  of  the  legendary  matter,  and  deny,  with 
Nicolas  of  Worcester,  the  connexion  of  the  coronation 
with  the  penance.  If  this  be  done,  we  cannot  do  better 
than  accept  the  theory  which  has  been  recentiy  worked 
out  with  great  research  and  ingenuity  by  one  of  our 
most  eminent  historical  scholars,^  that  Edgar's  coronation 
at  Bath  was  a  solemn  typical  enunciation  of  the  con- 
summation of  English  unity,  an  inauguration  of  the  king 
of  aU  the  nations  of  England,  celebrated  by  the  two 
archbishops,  possibly  with  special  instructions  or  recog- 
nition from  Bome,  possibly  in  imitation  of  the  imperial 
consecration  of  Edgar's  kinsi^en,  the  first  and  second 
Otto,  possiUy  as  a  declaration  of  the  imperial  character 
of  the  English  crown  itself. 

The  Anglo-Saxon  Chronicle  supplies  only  three  facts  '^^!^ 
during  the  seven   years   tiiat   intervene  between  the  ^m  965  to 
marriage  and  the  coronation ;  the  war  in  Westmoreland, 
the  ravaging  of  Thanet  by  the  king,  of  which  no  ex- 
planation is  given,  ^d  the  appointment  of  Oswald  to 
the  see  of  YorU    Florence  of   Worcester  throws  into 
these  vacant  y^ars  the  several  stages  of  monastic  pro- 
gress; the  year  967  is  marked   by  the  foundation  of 
'  Romsey ;  in  968  Edgar  placed  monks  at  Exeter ;  in  969 
:  the  clerks  were  banished  firom  the  monasteries  of  Mereia ; 
I  in  970 'the  relics  of  S.  Swithun  at  Winchester  were 


f  J 


'  r 


V 


/     —  . 


'  Tlw  life  of  Oswald,  which  gives 
a  fixll  detail  of  this  coronation,  has 
not  a  word  about  the  penance,  and 
represents  as  *'de  more  solito." 
HoweTer,  as  it  gives  at  length  the 
^fomMo  Begis,  as  taken  on  the 
occasion,  it  is  clear  that  it  was  nota 
mere  crown-wearing  festiYal. 

'Bobertson,   Hist.    Essays,  pp. 


20a-215,  a  most  learned  and  in- 
stmctive  essay. 

'This  translation  roust  be  dis- 
tinguished from  the  more  famous 
dedication  of  the  church  celebrated 
by  Wulistan  in  the  poem  published 
by  Mabillon,  saoc.  v.  pp.  614  sq.,  at 
which  Dnnstan  was  present,  and 
the  bishops  Elfstan,  £thelgar>  Elf- 


cu 


INTEODUCTIOK. 


Beathof      translated;  and  in  972  the  new  minster  was  dedicated. 

Edgar.  ' 

The  great  coronation  ai  Bath  took  place  at  Whitsuntide 
973,  and  the  homage  of  the  eight  kings  shortly  after  at 
Chester.  Two  years  after,  on  the  8th  of  July  975, 
Edgar  died,  and  was  buried  by  Dunstan  by  his  feither's 
side  at  Glastonbury. 
No  aathen-  Dunstan  survives  his  friend  for  thirteen  years,  during 
s^nsten?^  which  the  biographers  do  not  supply  a  single  item  of 
^^"^  independent  information.  The  Saxon  priest  tells  us  little 
,o;f  the  reign  of  Edgar,  and  does  not  even  mention  his 
Successors.  Adelard  records  that  the  saint  crowned  and 
anointed  both  Edward  and  Ethelred,^  and  that  he  pos- 
sessed sufficient  influence  with  the  latter  to  induce  him 
to  appoint  Elfege  to  Winchester.  The  Chronicle  does 
little  more  than  record  the  reversal  of  Edgar's  monastic 
policy  under  his  youthful  successor  by  the  agency  of 
Elfhere,  ealdorman  of  Mercia.  Florence  adds  that  the 
influence  of  Elfhere  was  counteracted  by  the  three 
East  Anglian  and  East  Saxon  nobles,  Ethelwin,  Elfwold, 
and  Brihtnoth,  and  gives  an  account  of  the  election  of 
Edward  which  bears  a  somewhat  suspicious  likeness  to 
the  language  of  Osbem.  It  is  to  the  Chronicle  that  we 
owe  our  knowledge  of  the^  council  of  Kirtlington  in 
977,  and  that  of  Calne  in  978,  the  history  of  which  was 
interwoven  by  Osbem  into  his  account  of  the  monastic 
quarrel.*  The  murder  of  ,the  young  king  is  there  re- 
corded without  the  mention  of  the  names  of  the  guilty. 
It  is  in  Osbem  that  we  first  find  it  laid  to  the  charge  of 
Elfthritha.  But  the  Chronicler,  who  records  under  the 
year  980  the  translation  of  Edward's  body  from  Wareham 
to  Shaftesbury,  by  Elfhere^d  Dunstaft^  the  former  the 


How  sap- 

{>lied  by 
atwau- 
tborities. 


1,-M 


Stan,   Escwig,   Elfege,    ^thelsige, 
and  Athulf  : — 
**  Qaorum  sumxnas  erat  vultu  ma- 

**  turns  et  actu 
*'  Canitie  uiveus  Dunstan  et  an^- 
"  gelicus."' 


The  names  of  the  bishops  fix  the 
date  I  think  to  tbe  year  980,  in 
which  Ethelgar  was  consecrated; 
Elfttan  of  Rivmsbnry  died  in  981. 

>  P.  61. 

-Pp.  118,114. 


INTRODUCTION.  CUl 

leader  of  the  secular,  the  latter  the  patron  of  the  monastic  Biftbiitiii* 
party,  shuts  out  the  probability  that  Edward  was  sacri-  SmtriTid 
fioed  to  political  rather  than  personal  aims.     The  in- of  Edward! 
ference    drawn  from^  the  silence  of  the  contemporary 
chronicles  is  un&vourable  to  Elfthritha ;  the  statement 
that  Edward's  kinsmen  would  not  avenge  him  ^  does  not 
warrant  us  in  supposing  that  he  was  the  victim  of  a 
conspiracy.     Dunstan  crowned  his  successor  at  Kingston, 
and  then  attempted  to  impress  upon  him  the  binding 
character  of  his  royal  obligations  in  a  document,  the 
"  Fromissio  Regis/'  with  its  commentary,  which  is  still 
preserved.*    We  may  ask,  but  we  cannot  answer,  who 
guided  the  state  during  the  childhood  of  Ethelred.     The 
political  history  of  Dunstan  en^  with  his  accession 

It  is,  however,  to  this  period  of  his  life  that  the  letter  ideaof  ^ 
of  Abbo  belongs,'  and  the  picture  of  hia  daily  occupations  lifeinhis' 
drawn  by  the  Saxon  priest.  His  chief  employment  was  ^ 
on  the  divine  service,  prayer  and  psahnody,  and  holy 
vigils;  now  and  then  he  resumed  the  employments  of 
his  youth,  exercising  his  old  skill  in  handicraft  in  the 
making  of  musical  instruments  like  the  organs  which 
were  kept  at  Mahnesbury,  or  the  bells  that  were  known 
at  Canterbury  as  his  own  work  ;  the  early  hours  of  the 
morning  he  gave  to  the  veiy  needful  task  of  correcting 
the  faulty  manuscripts  of  the  library.  Even  after  he 
had  retired  from  political  life,  leaving  Ethelred  to  mis- 
manage his  kingdom  as  he  chose,  the  great  domains  of 
his  church  afforded  him  abundance  of  public  work ;  it 
was  his  delight  to  make  peace  between  man  and  man, 
to  receive  and  assist  the  widows  and  fatherless,  pilgrims 
and  strangers  of  all  sorts ;  as  an  ecclesiastical  judge  he 
never  stayed  his  hand  against  imlawful  marriages,  or  in 
the  maintenance  of  ecclesiastical  order.  He  was  an  ad- 
mirable steward  of  the  church's  wealth,  a  founder  and 
endower  of  new  churches,  and  indefatigable  in  the  work 

>  Chron.  Sax.  A.D.  975.  1      '  Pp.  878-380,  Mow. 

3  Fp,  355-857,  below. 


It 


SimSSui^'  of  iBstruction,  gathering  young  and  old,  men  and  women, 
old  as*.  clerk,  monk,  and  lay,  to  listen  to  his  teaching.  ''And 
thus  all  this  English  land  was  filled  with  his  holy 
doctrine,  aKmiTig  before  God  and  men  like  the  sun 
"  and  moon.  When  he  was  minded  to  pay  to  Christ 
"  the  Lord  the  due  hours  of  service,  and  the  celebrations 
"  of  the  mass,  with  such  entireness  of  devotion  he 
"  laboured  in  singing  that  he  seemed  to  be  speaking 
''  fisu^  to  fisice  with  the  Lord,  even  if  just  before  he  had 
''  been  vexed  with  the  quarrels  of  the  people ;  like 
"  S.  Martin,  he  constantly  kept  eye  and  hand  intent 
"  on  heaven,  never  letting  his  spirit  rest  fix)m  prayer/'^ 
Probable  '^^^  ^^^^  ^^  ^^^  skotch  is  that  of  a  good  and  faithful 
sStciL'^^^  servant;  there  is  nothing  grotesque  about  the  man  as 
he  appears  in  the  pages  of  the  eye-witness ;  nothing  of 
the  tyrannical  ascetic.  It  is  the  crowning  of  a  laborious 
life,  of  a  man  who  has  had  great  power  and  has  used 
it  for  his  country,  and  who,  now  that  other  rulers  "have 
arisen  who  do  not  know  or  love  him,  falls  back  on  the 
studies  of  his  youth,  and  spends  his  last  years  in  the 
promotion  of  pious  and  learned  works.  The  end,  if  we 
set  aside,  as  I  think  we  may  safely  do,  the  strange 
story  of  the  miracle,^  is  quiet  and  peaceful.  He  was 
only  sixty-four  when  he  died,  but  his  public  life  had 
begun  early  and  lasted  long,  and  his  fame  lived  both  at 
home  and  abroad,  in  the  praises  of  the  strangers  whom 
he  had  befriended,  the  churches  that  he  had  planted,  the 
scholars^  whom  he  had  taught,  but  chiefly  in  the  longing 
remembrance  of  the  peace  and  glory  which  Edgar  under 
his  teaching  had  maintained ;  the  peace  and  glory  which 
were  written  in  the  hearts  of  the  English,  although  they 
left  vacant  pages  in  the  chronicles,  and  which  were  the 
last  glimpses  of  national  prosperity.  Tet  Dunstan's 
memory  was  worshipped  not  only  from  a  feeling  of  regret ; 
as  I  have  remarked  more  than  once,  his  beatification  in 


1  Pp.  49,  50,  below.  |     >  Pp.  51,  58,  below. 


nnntoiHTcnoN. 


cv 


popular  regard  scarcely  waited  for  his  death ;  and  it  is  Hif  Mriy 
no  small  proof  of  the  estimation  in  which  his  memory  tum. 
was  held  that  when,  in  1017,  Canute  set  the  laws  civil 
and  ecclesiastical  upon  the  ancient  and  national  footing, 
together  with  the  feast  on  the  anniversaiy  of  S.  Eklward, 
a  perpetual   protest   against   the   Une  of  Ethebred,  he 
ordered  the  solemn  and  universal  observance  of  S.  Dun- 
stan's  mass  day.^ 
The  true  mark   of  Dunstan's  mind   must  be  looked  ^|u»V^'« 

softrein 

for  in  Edgar's  legislation;  and  in  the  few  canons  passed  f^^^  ' 
at  the  ecclesiastical  assemblies  of  the  reign.  These  will 
all  be  found  among  the  ancient  laws  and  institutes  of 
the  Anglo-Saxons,  published  hj  Wilkins,  Thorpe,  and 
Schmid.'  That  Dunstan  had  a  chief  part  in  the  enact- 
ment of  these  is  a  necessary  inference  from  the  fact 
that  throughout  the  reign  he  was  the  king's  closest 
friend  and  adviser,  the  chief  of  his  witan,  the  ecclesi- 
astical head  of  the  nation.  The  laws  that  bear  Edgar's 
name  must  bear  the  impress  of  Dunstan's  mind.  We 
cannot  follow  the  writers  who  argue  that  because 
Edgar's  canons  do  not  forbid  the  marriage  of  the  clergy, 
they  mflist  be  referred  to  the  period  of  his  reign  when 
Dunstan  was  not  yet  archbishop,  and  argue,  therefore, 
that  they  were  the  work  of  a  king  of  fifteen  years  old 
who  was  under  the  guidance  of  a  party  far  more 
monastically  inclined  than  Dunstan  himself.' 

Of  the  secular  laws  of  Edgar,  the  institution  of  the 


*  Leges  CaDuti  (Schmid,  p.  265), 
I.  17. 

>  Thorpe  (folio  ed.)  pp.  109-118. 
Schmid,  pp.  182-199. 

*  Johnson's  Canons,  ed.  Baron, 
i.  408,  **  Though  these  laws  and  the 

first  set  of  canons  following  next 
after  them  are  ascribed  to  king 
Edgar,  jet  they  haTc  nothing  of 
the  spirit  of  Donstan  in  them: 


tt 


(( 


«( 


t( 


I  mean  thej  inflict  no  punish- 
ments or  hard  censures  on  the 
married  clergj,  as  they  certainly 
''  would  if  Dunstan  had  been  at  the 
making  of  them."  Also,  p.  412, 
these  canons,  which  I  place  be- 
fore Dunstan's  accession  to  the 
see  of  Canterbury,  as  containing 
no  censure  against  the  married 
clergy." 


tt 


C( 


« 


« 


a 


tt 


u 


tt 


CVl 


INTBODUCTION. 


« 


ti 


<i 


<( 


DuMtoa's  Hundred  seems  to  be  a  reconstruction  and  development 
feSSution.  of  the  old  German  Hundred  system,  for  special  purposes 
of  police,  from  which  no  inference  can  be  drawn  as  to 
the  policy  of  its  author.  The  secular  ordinances  and 
the  " supplementum''  are  in  this  respect  more  important; 
and  the  preamble  to  the  first  of  these  asserts  a  noble 
principle:  "I  will  that  every  man  be  worthy  of  folk- 
right,  as  well  poor  as  rich,  and  that  righteous  dooms 
be  judged  to  him."  The  enactments  that  follow  are 
few  but  definite,  and  touch  on  the  remedial  jurisdiction 
of  the  king,  tte  regular  holding  of  the  popular  courts, 
the  general  system  of  "  borh  "  or  security  for  appearance 
in  the  gemots,  and  the  usiiformity  of  coins  and  measures. 
In  ,the  Supplementum  the  hand  of  Dunstan  is  distinctly 
traceable ;  it  is  an  enactment  in  the  time  of  pestilence, 
that  the  wrath  of  God  may  be  turned  from  the  people. 
I  and  the  archbishop  command,"  says  the  king,  "  that 
ye  anger  not  God"  by  robbing  him  or  his  church. 
The  practices  of  religion  are  enjoined,  the  rights  of  the 
ViTig  and  his  thegns,  the  legal  freedom  of  the  Danes, 
and  their  possession  of  their  own  laws,  are  secured; 
the  points  included  in  the  earlier  laws  are  t%peated, 
and  the  observance  of  the  peace  enforced  by  threats  and 
promises.  Although  these  few  ordinances  bear  but  a 
slight  proportion  to  the  laws  of  Ethelred  and  Canute, 
they  are  distinctly  constructive :  the  administration  of 
justice,  the  equal  rights  of  poor  and  rich,  Dane  and  Eng- 
lish, and  the  careful  maintenance  of  the  "  frith  "  by  the 
hundred  system,  are  progressive  measures  of  reform.  If 
Dunstan's  work  is  here,  we  have  some  justification  of 
the  praises  of  his  biographers. 

The  ecclesiastical  laws  of  the  period  are  of  the  same 
the  period,  constructive  and  progressive  stamp.  Those  few  enact- 
ments which  are  included  among  Edgar's  laws  touch 
chiefly  on  payments  to  the  churches,  church  scot,  tithe, 
and  Eome  penny,  and  on  the  observance  of  festivals 
and  fasts.     The  canons  which  touch  on  spiritual  matters 


Boclesiasti- 


INTBODUCnON.  cvii 

have  a  wider  interest;^  but  like  most  canonical  legifl-Ofenoiitof 
lation  they  incorporate  very  much  of  earlier  law.  They  Bd£?^ 
fidl  into  two  classes ;  the  first  are  called  the  sixty-seven 
canons  of  Edgar,  many  of  which  are  taken  from  the 
Earolingian  capitularies,  and  which  touch  on  synods,  the 
exercise  of  spiritual  discipline,  the  abolition  of  the  relics 
of  heathenism,  the  observance  of  Sundays,  festivals,  and 
&sts,  the  decent  and  solemn  celebration  of  the  sacra- 
ments, and  the  guidance  of  the  lives  of  the  clergy.  One 
or  two  are  characteristic,  we  may  think,  of  Dimstan: 
'*  That  no  priest  receive  a  scholar  without  the  leave  of  P«u»tMi*s 

'  DMBQ  in 

"  the  other  by  whom  he  was  formerly  retained ;"  "  that  tJ^m. 
"  every  priest  do  teach  manual,  arts  with  diligence ; " 
that  no  learned  priest  reproach  him  that  is  less 
learned,  but  mend  him  if  he  know  how ; "  ''  that  no 
"  noble  bom  priest  despise  one  of  less  noble  birth ;  if 
"  it  be  rightly  considered,  all  men  are  of  one  origin." 
The  penitential  canons  which  are  found  in  connexion  Penitential 
with  these  are  a  compilation  of  the  period  from  the 
earlier  penitential  books  of  the  church,  and  contain 
nothing  original  Nor  do  they  contain  anything  that 
connects  them  with  the  reign  of  Edgar  or  the  pontifi- 
cate of  Dunstan.  It  is  in  these  only  that  any  mention 
is  found  of  clerical  marriages :  "  K  a  mass  priest  or  a 
"  monk  or  deacon  bad  -  a  lawful  wife  before  he  was 
*'  ordained,  and  dismisses  her  and  takes  orders,  and  then 
"  receives  her  again  by  lying  with  her,  let  every  one  of 
"  them  fisLst  as  for  murder  and  vehemently  lament  it ; " 
— a  very  necessary  safeguard  in  an  age  in  which  it  was 
so  common  to  play  £ast  and  loose  with  sacred  obliga- 
tions. But  this  canon,  on  which  apparently  depends  the 
charge  of  persecuting  the  married  clergy  made  so  com- 
monly against  Dunstan,  is  an  extract  from  penitentials 
of  much  earlier  date,  and  cannot  with  any  certain]by  be 
assigned  to  him  as  its  re-enactor.^ 

>  Thorpe,  pp.  895  iq.    Johnsou,   I      '  It  is  taken  from  the  fourth  book 
i.  pp.  41S  aq.  I  of  the  Pseudo-Bgbertine  Peniten- 


canonfl. 


••• 

cvui 


INTRODUCTION. 


Tradiuoii        William  of  Malmesbuiy  has   preserved  a  tradition 

Wimam  of  ^  which  serves  to  present  Dunstan  in  a  light  that  can 

touching  the  hardly  offend  popular  reformers  of  this  day.     He  intro- 

custom.       duced  the  custom  of  inserting  pegs  in  the  drinking  cups, 

that  no  man  might  run  into  excess  without  knowing 

it.^     Human  nature^  which  is  so  apt  to  mistake  a  limit 

for  a  law,  a  maximum  for  a  minimum,  soon  put  the 

pegs  to  the  opposite  use,  and  required  legislation  that 

forbade  the  custom   "of  drinking  to  pegs/'  or,  as   we 

should  say,  "  allowing  no  heeltaps." 

The  early  and  more  trustworthy  writers  connect  the 
memory  of  Dunstan  with  no  cruel  or  barbarous  asceticism. 
The  evidence  of  the  laws  does,  I  think,  confirm  the  tes- 
Dunstan  an  timouy  of  the  Lives.    Dunstan  is  a  constructor  not  a  des- 
ntt^than  troycr,  a  consoUdator  not  a  pedantic  theorist,  a  reformer 
anasce  c.    ^^^  ^^  innovator,  a  politician  not  a  bigot,  a  statesman  not 
a  zealot.     His  merits  as  a  scholar,  an  artist,  a  musician, 
a  cunning  craftsman,  are  a  part  of  the  contemporary  pic- 
ture which  ought  not  to  be  disregarded.    His  zeal  for 
education  is  a  far  more  authentic  trait  than  his  zeal  for 
.celibacy.     His  vindication  of  the  law  of  marriage  can 
never  be  regarded  as  a  blot  by  those  who  know  any- 
HisBcaifor  thing  of  the  state  of  society,   especially  in  the  royal 
marriage,     houscs  of  his  day ;  or  consider  the  strange  way  in  which 
religion  and  courtly  adulation  could  be  combined  when 
the  uncorrupted  body  of  a  king  like  Edgar  was  believed 
to  work  miracles.     Yet  this  has  scarcely  been  fairly 
recognized.     Dunstan's  zeal  for  the  purity  of  marriage  is 
acknowledged  aa  a  matter  of  merit  when  it  was  exercised 
against  the  corrupt  papacy;  yet   because  by  the  com- 
mand of  the  witan  of  the  kingdom  he  draws  a  wanton 
boy  of  fifteen  from  the  dangerous  society  of  a  girl  whom 


tial,  which  again  is  from  the  Pseado- 
Theodore,  which  takes  it  from  the 
Poenitentiale  Romanum,  published 
by  Halitgar  of  Cambray  :  here  it  is 
taken  fh>m  the  Penitential  of  Co- 


lombanuB,  and  the  earlier  writers. 
See  Was8erschleben3ns8ordnungen 
der  Abendlftndische  Kirchc,  p.  365. 
Thorpe,  pp.  408,  378,  283. 
»  Ed.  Hardy,  p.  237. 


n 


tt 


INTRODUCTION.  cix 

it  was  unlAwful  for  kim  to  marry,  we  are  told  that  ''a  strange mit- 
"  young  king  was  persecuted   and   dethroned  by  the  uon!^*"^*^ 

insolence  of  monkery  exciting  a  superstitious  people 

against  him."  ^  There  must  be  a  sacredness,  it  would 
seem,  about  the  very  sins  of  kinga 

It  is  strange  that  of  a  life  so  important  and  diver-  No  iitenn 
sified  as  that  of  Dunstan  not  a  single  literary  menu-  DunttuL 
ment  survives;  not  a  single  letter  that  can  with  any 
possibility  be  attributed  to  him,  although  several  ad- 
dressed  to  him  are  extant,  and  will  be  found  in  this 
volume.  Diligent  in  his  ecclesiastical  work,  diligent  in  his 
political  work,  diligent  as  a  student  and  as  a  teacher,  he 
has  left,  beyond  a  few  lines  of  writing,  the  endorsement  of 
a  charter,  and  the  prayer  put  into  the  mouth  of  a  kneel- 
ing figure  in  an  illumination,  no  writings  whatever.^ 

It  is  true  that  durin£f  the  middle  aires,  when  the  tim  tnot  on 
study  of  alchemy  was  rife,  a  tract  bearing  the  name 
of  Dunstan  was  circulated  among  the  initiated ;  but  it 
was  no  doubt  assigned  to  him  as  to  a  celebrated  saint 
and  philosopher,  whose  name  might  gain  for  it  a  circu- 
lation that  it  could  not  demand  upon  its  merits.  This 
work,  the  "Tractatus  maximi  Domini  Dunstani  archi- 

episcopi  Cantuariensis  vere  philosophi  de  lapide  phi- 

losophorum,"  was  printed  at  Cassel  in  1649,  in  the 
"  Clavis  portse  aureee "  of  George  Ripley.^  It  is  also 
found  in  a  fifteenth  century  MS.  in  the  library  of 
Corpus  Christi  College,  Oxford.^ 

Another  book  which  has  been  attributed  to  Dunstan  tim  Begn* 

laiiflOoiH 

is  the  "  Regulaiis  Concordia,"  a  body  of  rules  for  monks,  oonUa. 
which  has  been  at  least  twice  printed ;  first  by  Beyner 
in  the  "  Apostolatus  Benedictinorum,"  and  again  in  the 


(( 


« 


1  Hallam,  Middle  Ages,  ii.  267. 

2  Tlie  statement  that  one  of  the 
H88.  of  the  Chnmide  is  tapposed 
to  be  m  DuDBtan's  handwriting 
(Allen,  Prerogative,  SSS)  if  based 
on  the  merest  conjectnre. 

'  Clavis  aoiete  port«,  p.  240.  See 


Wright*s  Biographia  Literaria,  I. 
462. 

^  Ho.  126,  Coie's  Catalogue  of 
MSS.,  C.C.C.  p.  47.  It  is  a  fifteenth 
eentnry-  MS.,  onoe  the  property  of 
Brian  Twjne. 


ex 


INTRODUCTION. 


The  Con- 
cordia iB  not 
Dunstan's. 


Commen- 
tary on  the 
Benedictine 
Rule,  not 
Donstan's. 


Books  that 
have  be- 
longed to 
Punstan. 


preliminary  matter  of  the  "  New  Monasticon."  It  ia  an 
interesting  and  valuable  work,  written  very  shortly  after 
the  monastic  revival,  and  so  early  received  as  authori- 
tative that  it  was  translated  into  Anglo-Saxon  before 
the  Norman  conquest.  It  cannot,  however,  be  ascribed 
to  Dunstan,  who  is  mentioned  in  it  as  "  egregius  hujua 
''  patri®  archiepiscopus,  praesago  afflatus  spiritu,"  al- 
though  it  is  easy  to  see  that  it  might,  by  a  very  natural 
mistake,  be  regarded  as  his  work.  It  has  a  considerable 
historical  value,  giving  an  account  of  the  way  in  which 
Edgar  was  induced  to  promote  the  monastic  revival,  the 
missions  from  Fleury  and  Ghent,  and  the  council  of 
Winchester,  of  which  so  much  is  said  in  the  lives  of 
Dunstan  by  Osbem  and  Eadmer.  It  may  conjecturally 
be  referred  to  the  abbot  Elfric. 

There  is  in  the  Eoyal  Library,  in  the  British  Mu- 
seum,^ a  large  commentary  on  the  Benedictine  rule, 
written  in  the  twelfth  or  thirteenth  century,  and  illus- 
trated with  a  very  fine  fiill  page  picture  of  a  bishop. 
This  has  been  attributed  with  some  confidence  to  Dun- 
stan, but  the  MS.  contains  nothing  to  justify  such  a 
statement ;  neither  the  Latin  style  nor  the  general  ar- 
rangement of  the  book  is  at  first  sight  consistent  with 
the  assumption;  and  if  there  be  among  the  minuter 
points  of  the  work  anything  that  si^gests  it,  I  have 
been  unable  in  a  careful  examination  to  discover  it. 

Of  the  other  books  with  which  the  name  of  Dunstan, 
not  as  author  but  as  traditionary  owner,  is  connected, 
the  most  important  is  the  weU-known  Bodleian  MS. 
marked  Auctarium  F.  iv.  32.^  This  volume  consists  of 
a  bimdle  of  very  ancient  remains,  the  chief  of  which 
are,  a  large  part  of  the  iifcer  Euticia  Gh^ammatici  de 


>  MS.  Beg.  10  A.  18.  See  Wright,  page  is  engraved ;  and  iii.  p.  63 ;  Vil. 
Biogr.  Lit.  i.  461.                             '  lemarqu^'s  Notices  des   principatjix 

>  Described  in  Macray's  Annals  MSS.  des  Anciens  Bretons,  Paris, 
of  the  Bodleian,    p.  20 ;   Ilickes,  1856. 
Thesaurus,  i.  p.  144,  where  the  first 


INTRODUCmON.  CXI 

discemendia  Conjugationibus,   a  quantity   of  ^^ctracts  The  Bod- 
from  the  Scriptures   in  Greek  and  Latin,   Tables   for  with*   ' 

aniwin|[^  of 

calculating  the  Full  Moon,  a  Paschal  table  reaching  i>un8ta)i. 
firom  A.D.  817  to  832,  the  first  book  of  Ovid's  Art  of 
Love,  a  homily  in  Anglo-Saxon  on  the  Invention  of 
the  Cross,  and  several  minor  fragments  or  notes  on 
measures  and  numbers.  Several  of  these  pieces  contain 
British  glosses  and  furnish  some  of  the  earliest  written 
specimens  of  Welsh.  On  the  first  leaf  of  the  volume 
is  a  large  drawing  of  our  Saviour,  holding  in  his  right 
hand  a  long  rod  or  sceptre,  and  in  his  left  a  book, 
with  a  monk  kneeling  at  his  feet.  On  the  sceptre 
is  inscribed  the  text,  "  Et  virga  recta  est  virga  regni 
"  Tui ;"  on  the  book,  "  Venite  filii,  audite  me,  timorem 
"  Domini  docebo  vos :"  from  the  mouth  of  the  monk 
proceeds  a  scroll,  and  over  his  head  is  the  couplet — 

"  Dunstanum  memet  clemens  f5go,  Christe,  tuere 
"  Tenarias  me  non  sinas  sorbsisse  proceUas." 

A  later  inscription  at  the  top  of  th&  page  tells  us  that 
this  is  Dimstan's  work :  "  Kctura  et  scriptura  hujus 
"  pagime  subtus  visa  est  de  propria  manu  sancti 
"  Dunstani."  This  drawing  was  engraved  in  Hickes's 
Thesaurus,  vol.  i.  p.  144,  and  in  other  later  works.  The 
manuscript  itself  is  described  in  a  very  early  catalogue 
of  the  Library  of  Glastonbury,  now  in  the  Library 
of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge,  and  is  also  mentioned 
by  Leland  as  seen  by  him  there,  with  the  note  that 
the  book  had  been  Dunstan's.^  It  is  one  of  the  most 
curious  volumes  in  existence,  and  woidd  go  further  to 
prove  the  antiquity  of  Glastonbury  and  its  connexion 
with  early  British  as  well  as  Anglo-Saxon  history  than 
all  the  forged  charters  even  if  they  were  genuine. 

Another  Glastonbury  book  in  the  Bodleian  is  among 
the  Hatton  MSS.  No.  30 ;  a  copy  of  S.  Augustine  on 


1  Leland,  Collectanea,  iii.  154. 

h  2 


CXU  INTRODUCTIOK. 

TheHatton  the  ApocaljTpse,  at  the  end  of  which  in  large  eapitahi 
*'  ^'  '  is  the  inscription,  ''Dunstan  abbas  hunc  libellum  scii- 
"  bere  juasit/'  a  note  evidently  made  before  Dunstan 
had  reached  the  rank  of  either  archbishop  or  saint.^ 
The  Liber  The  Hatton  coUection  contains  another  book  (No.  42) 
Dunttani.  inscribed  on  the  back  ''Liber  Sancti  Dunstani/'  which 
has  been  abready  mentioned  as  the  volume  in  which 
the  head  of  "  Wulfric  cild "  is  drawn."  This  is  a  col- 
lection of  canons ;  the  first  portion  written  about  the 
time  of  Dunstan,  the  latter  about  a  century  earlier.  The 
more  ancient  part  consists  of  the  Apostolic  canons,  and 
decrees  of  councils  which  form  part  of  the  early  collec- 
tions of  decretals.  The  rest  of  the  volume  -comprises  a 
copy  of  the  great  Irish  collection  of  canons  in  sixty- 
seven  chapters,  which  is  found  i^i  the  much  damaged 
Cotton  MS.  Otho  E.  18,  in  the  St.  Gall  MS.  248,  and 
in  the  Paris  MSS.  8,182  and  12,021,  which  was  pre- 
pared for  the  press  by  the  late  Mr.  Arthur  Haddan  as 
a  part  of  the  second  volume  of  the  councils,  and  has  just 
been  printed  in  Germany  from  a  collation  of  various 
MSS.  by  Dr.  Wasserschleben  of  Giessen.  The  Hatton  MS. 
furnishes  a  somewhat  enlarged  edition,  such  as  Dunstan 
might  be  supposed  likely  to  make.  Besides  this  it 
contains  the  canons  of  Adamnan,  a  selection  of  pas- 
sages from  the  Boman  and  Frank  law  books,  and  a 
quantity  of  regulations  about  degrees  of  kindred.  The 
fact  that  it  contains  the  Irish  canons  adds  a  presump- 
tion that  it  was  written  at  Glastonbury,  an  inference 
we  should  be  incUned  at  first  sight  to  draw  from  the 
company  in  which  it  is  found.  If  it  was  really  Dun- 
stan's  book,  we  may  see  in  it  reflected  the  nature  of 
his  studies;  the  Irish  canons  he  might  get  from  his 
teachers  at  Glastonbury ;  the  Frank  and  Roman  law 
during  his   exile  at  Ghent;  the  regulations   touchmg 


*  Also  mentioned    by  Macray,   I      '  Above,  p.  Ixxvi'i. 
Annals,  p.  20.  I 


IKTEODUCTIOjr. 


exui 


marriages  and  ihe  degrees  of  kindred  would  illustrate 
those  peculiar  points  which  come  out  most  strongly  in 
the  traditions  of  his  discipline. 

The  National  Library  at  Paris  possesses  what  is  called  |^e 
the  Pontifical  of  Dunstan,  a  magnificent  folio  of  the  tenth  ][JP^^' 
century,  which  once  belonged  to  the  church  of  Sherborne 
in  Dorsetshire,  and  may  not  improbably  have  been  given 
by  Dunstan  or  one  of  his  early  succ;^sors.  Its  number 
in  the  catalogue  of  Latin  MSS.  is  943.  It  contains 
besides  the  Pontifical,  on  vacant  leaves,  a  number  of 
interesting  pieces  touching  English  church  history. 
Amongst  these  is  a  list  of  the  bishops  of  Sherborne, 
ending  with  Etbelric  who  became  bishop  in  the  year 
1001  ;^  the  letter  of  Pope  John  XII.  to  Dimstan  f  the 
letter  of  an  -archbishop,  whose  name  is  not  given, 
to  bishop  Wul£sige,  printed  in  this  volume,*  and  a 
list  of  the  books  ''quos  custodit  Dodo;"  perhaps  the 
Sherborne  Library.  This  list,  which  may  possibly  have 
been  printed,  mentions  amongst  other  books,  "liber 
Legis  SaUcse,"  "  liber  Bemelini  in  Abaco,"  and  "  Liber 
Helprici  artis  calculatoriae."  Other  articles  in  the 
volume  are  an  Anglo-Saxon  sermon  ''de  dedicatione 
"  ecdesise  ;*'  the  order  for  the  benediction  of  an  abbot, 
tempus  inter  hominis  mortem  et  ultimam  resur- 
rectionem ;"  and  "  this  is  theera  gersednessa  sum  the 
bisceopas  gersed  habbath."  Besides  these  there  are 
some  Sherborne  charters  which  have  been  printed  by 
Kemble. 

Of  Dunstan's  penmanship,  besides  the  picture  in  the 
Bodleian  MS.,  there  are  possibly  two  or  three  specimens 


it. 


II 


u 


it 


<c 


^  I  gi^e  the  list  from  this  MS. : — 
1.  Aldhehn.  2.  Forthere.  3.  Here- 
wftld.  4.  JEthelmod.  5.  DeDefrith. 
S.  Wlgberht  7.  Ealhstao.  8.  Ealh- 
mimd.  9.  .£thelhefth.  10.  Wulfrige. 
U.  Asser.  IS.  iEthelwerd.  18. 
Waeratan.    13.  iKthelbald.   14.  61- 


gelm.  15.  Alfred.  16.  Wulfsige. 
17.  Alfvold.  18.  JEtbeUige.  19* 
Wulfsige.  20.  MiMtic.  It  agrees 
exactly  with  MS.  Tiberius  B.  5^ 
See  Registnim  Sacr.  Angl.  p.  165t 

s  Pp.  296*298,  below. 

*  Pp.  406-406,  below. 


CXIV 


INTEODUCTION. 


The  nyrie 


Kyri 
rex  splen 
dens. 


Dttii8tan'«.    existing  in  charters.     The  cathedral  church  of  Christ  at 

penmanship*  "  •  , 

Canterbury  possesses  one,  a  grant  by  king  Edred  dated 
in  the  year  94*9,  in  which  he  gives  the  monastery  of 
Reculver  to  the  mother  church.  A  duplicate  of  this 
exists  among  the  Cotton  charters,  and  has  been  photo- 
graphed by  order  of  the  trustees  of  the  British  Museum. 
Dunstan  professes  himself  to  be  the  writer ;  "  Ego  Dun- 
*'  stan  indignus  abbas  rege  Eadredo  imperante  banc 
"  domino  meo  hereditariam  kartulam  dictitando  con- 
"  posui  et  propriis  digitonun  articuUs  perscripsi."  ^ 
Another  is  said  by  Mr.  Wright  to  have  been  in  the 
possession  of  the  church  of  Winchester.* 

Of  Dunstan's  musical  ability  it  is  possible  that  we 
have  a  trace  in  the  trope  or  cantus  "  Kyrie  rex  splen- 
"  dens,"  which  according  to  the  Salisbury  use  is  appointed 
to  be  sung  on  his  festival,  after  the  ojfftciv/m.  The  text 
of  this  composition  wiU  be  found  in  the  present  volume, 
p.  357,  taken  from  the  Gradual,®  collated  with  the 
printed  editions  of  the  Missal.  All,  however,  that  can  be 
said  of  it  is  that  it  may  be  Dunstan's.  The  history  of  it 
is  this.  Eadmer  relates  a  story  of  Dunstan  £Edling  asleep 
one  Simday  at  mass,  whilst  waiting  for  Edgar  who  had 
gone  out  hunting.  In  his  sleep  he  heard  a  solemn  ser- 
vice in  heaven,  and  when  he  awoke  dictated  to  his 
servants  a  "  Kyrie  Eleyson  "  which  he  had  learned  there, 
which,  according  to  the  biographer,  was  in  his  days  sung 
in  many  places  among  the  solemn  ceremonies  of  the 
mass.^  It  would  seem  a  natural  conclusion  that  the 
"Kyrie  rex  splendens"  which  was  sung  only  on^  the 
feasts  of  Dunstan  and  S.  Michael  should  be  identified 
with  this ;   and  although  William  of  Malmesbury  does 


*  Kemble,  C*  D.  No.  ccccxzv. 

2  Wright,  Biog.  Lit.  i.  459. 

3  In    the  Bodleian,    among   the 
"  Googh  Missals.'' 

<P.   207.    The    Kyrie   Eleyson 
story,  however,  oocnis  much  earlier 


in  the  Life  of  Oswald,  Nero£.  1» 
fo.  16:  "  Hoc  non  conticesoendom 
puto  quod  et  Kyrie  Eleyson  cxi- 
mium  e  superis  aaditum  agmini- 
bus,  qnod  nostrates  satis  dulciter 
"  personare  consaescunt." 


f( 


<i 


i( 


INTRODUCrriON.  CXV 

not  notice  it  except  in  a  very  cursory  way,  it  must  have  DeveioD. 
been  believed  soon  after  his  day.  Higden  is,  however,  history. 
the  first  writer  who  distinctly  states  that  the  kyrie 
which  Dunstan  learned  contained  the  "  modulos  haomo- 
''  ni^"  which  were  contained  in  the  trope  so  famous 
among  the  English^ ''  Eyrie  rex  splendens/'  The  state- 
ment is  copied  by  Capgrave,  and  appears  also  in  Bromton, 
and  possibly  in  other  writers  of  the  fifteenth  century.^ 
K,  however,  we  venture  to  assume  thus  much,  it  may 
reasonably  be  questioned  whether  the  words  or  the  music 
only  should,  be  attributed  to  Dunstan.  Higden's  lan- 
guage seems  to  refe^  to  the  music,  that  of  Eadmer  to  the 
words.  It  has  indeed  been  thought  that  as  the  peculiar 
tropes  or  variations  on  the  kyrie  are  not  found  until  the 
thirteenth  century  in  the  common  missals,  the  music 
only  of  this  one  coiQd  even  by  tradition  be  Dunstan's. 
But  this  is  a  mistake,  for  we  possess  a  tropary  dating 
nearly  if  not  quite  fix>m  Dunstan  s  days,  which  contains 
a  large  number  of  kyries,  both  words  and  music.  In 
this  we  do  not  find  Kyrie  rex  splendens,  but  several 
forms  of  expression  more  or  less  coinciding  with  it.^  If 
we  suppose  that  Dunstan  wrote  the  trope,  it  would  not 
of  course  appear  at  once  in  the  service  books,  but  there 
is  nothing  in  it  inconsistent  with  this  antiquity.  It  may 
have  been  many  times  remodelled  like  the  other  kyi'ies 
and  rearranged  afterwards. 

In  the  later  pages  of  this  book  much  will  be  found  Question  of 
about   the   claim   of  the  monks   of  Glastonbury,  first  ution  of 
asserted  in  the  twelfth  century  and  stoutly  maintained  bones. 
down  to  the  age  of  the  Beformation,  that  they  possessed 
the  bones  of  Dunstan.'    They  had  been  removed,  accord-* 
ing  to  the  story,  in  the  reign  of  Edmund  Ironside,  and 
proved  their  genuineness  by  working  miracles.    Into  the 


^  Higden,  ap.  Gale,  p.  270 ;  Cap* 
grave,  below,  p.  346 ;  Bromton,  ap. 
Twyadcn,  c.  879. 


3  MS.  Bodl.  775. 
*  See  pp.  852,  853i 


CXVl 


INTRODUCTION. 


Parallel 
traditions. 


SSiSv^the**  ^^^^^^^  0^  ^^  story  we  need  not  enter :  there  is  no 
DuSten*  r©*soii  whatever  for  believing  that  such  a  translation 
translation,  ever  took  place,  or  that  Glastonbury  ever  possessed  a 
single  bone  of  Dunstan.  The  tale,  like  so  many  other 
marvels  of  hagiology,  has  its  parallels  elsewhere  :  no 
doubt  relics  were  stolen  on  a  large  scale  as  well  as  given 
and  purchased.  King  Edmund  was  believed  to  have 
removed'  from  the  north  to  Glastonbury  the  bones  of 
Aldan,  Ceolfritb,  and  Hilda ;  ^  and  these  saints  had  spe- 
cial commemorations  at  Glastonbury  so  early  that  the 
invention  of  the  story  cannot  fairly  be  ascribed  to  Wil- 
liam of  Malmesbury.'  Edred  and  Odo  again  were  be- 
lieved to  have  carried  off  the  body  of  S.  Wilfrid  from 
Ripon  to  Canterbury.  These  were  cases  in  which  the 
bodies  of  the  saints  were  removed  to  save  them  from 
the  profane  hands  of  the  Norsemen.  A  still  closer  pa- 
rallel may  be  found  in  the  history  of  Ely.  Ecgfrid  the 
abbot  of  S.  Alban's,  according  to  the  Ely  historians, 
flying  at  the  command  of  Stigand  from  the  Normans, 
carried  with  him  to  Ely  the  shrine  containing  the  bones 
of  the  protomartyr,  and  in  order  to  obtain  admission 
into  the  brotherhood,  deposited  them  or  allowed  them 
to  be  deposited  with  the  bones  of  S.  Etheldreda.'  The 
S.  Alban's  historians  denied  the  truth  of  this.  The  flight 
of  the  abbot,  IVetheric  they  call  him,  is  admited,  and 
his  death  and  burial  at  Ely ;  "  whence,"  says  Matthew 
Paris,  "they  of  Ely,  lying  against  their  own  heads, 
assert  that  he  brought  thither  with  him  the  bones  of 
S.  Alban,  not  fearing  to  allege  against  the  holy  man 
the  crime  of  saciilege."  The  reverence  paid  to  S.  Al- 
ban was  therefore  diminished,  as  was  the  case  also  with 
other   saints   of  the   kingdom,  and  miracles   in   their 


u 


(( 


(( 


^  W.  Malmesb.  Gesta  Pontiff,  p. 
198. 

'  See  especially  the  Ealendar  in 
MS.  Cotton,  Kero  A.  2 ;  and  that 


in  the  Missal  of   Leofric  in  the 
Bodleian  Lihrary. 

*  Liber  Blienids  (ed.  Stewart),  p. 
227. 


IHTBODUCnON. 


cxm 


churches  became  leas  jfrequent.*  Before  1129  another  %u>nu^ 
competitor,  "quoddam  collegium  m  Dacia^  talBely  as- 
serted the  possession  of  the  relics,  and  in  that  year  the 
coflin  at  S.  Alban's  was  opened  and  the  bones  counted. 
Still  the  men  of  Ely  contended  that  miracles  constantly 
proved  them  in  the  right.  At  last,  under  papal  pres- 
sure, early  in  the  reign  of  Henry  II.  they  confessed  that 
they  had  been  deceived  by  a  pious  fraud.*  Not  so  the 
monks  of  Glastonbury,  who  carried  on  the  battle  until 
the  eve  of  the  Reformation.  There  is  no  probability 
that  Duxistan's  remains  ever  left  Canterbury;  they 
rested  in  the  shrine  which  so  many  ages  of  pious  affec- 
tion had  provided  and  adorned  until  the  Reformation, 
when,  if  they  escaped  the  blind  profanity  of  Henry  VIII., 
it  was  because  the  glories  of  S.  Dunstan  had  been 
eclipsed  by  a  more  famous  ecclesiastical  hero.' 

Of  the  cultus  of  Dunstan  the  illustrations  given  in 
the  eighth  section  of  this  volume  will  probably  ptove 
sufficient  to  content  the  reader.^ 


I  shaJl  not  attempt  to  draw  a  minute  character  of  gjjjj^^* 
Dunstan,  for  the  materials  before  us  afford  too  small 
data  to  make  it  possible  to  do  so  with  any  definiteness. 
But  I  think  we  may,  from  the  language  of  the  first 
biographer,  the  letters  of  Abbo  and  the  other  writers 
included  in  this  volume,  get  a  glimpse  of  the  man,  truer 
if  fainter  than  the  fancy  portraits  drawn  by  later  writers, 
who  have  seen  no  taean  between  indiscriminate  adula-  jnurepre- 
tion  on  the  one  hand  and  the  most  hateful  detraction 
on  the  other.  Dunstan  has  been  represented  by  a  very 
learned  recent  writer  as  a  man  whose  whole  life  was 
"  a  crusade,  cruel,  unrelenting,  yet  but  partially  successful, 


jsrepi 


*  Geeta  Abbatom  (ed.  Biley),  i. 
51. 

« Ibid.  p.  176. 

*  In  the  twelfth  and  thirteenth 
ecntuiies  the  great  bells  which  he 
had  made  for  Abingdon  wei;e  pre- 


served ;  and  at  Glastonbury,  crosses^ 
chasubles,  censers,  and  other  Test- 
ments  of   his    making.     Wright, 
Biogr.  lit.  i.  435,  459; 
*  Pp.  440  sq. 


CXVIH 


INTRODUCTION. 


MinranBTe- 
soDtaUon  of 
Duxutan. 


f< 


it 


it 


it 


<i 


u 


« 


<t 


against  the  married  clergy,  which  in  truth  compre- 
hended the  whole  secular  clergy  of  the  Anglo-Saxon 
kingdom."  "  Dunstan  was,  as  it  were,  in  a  narrower 
sphere,  a  prophetic  type  and  harbinger  of  Hildebrand. 
Like  Hildebrand,  or  rather  like  Damiani  doing  the 
work  of  Hildebrand,  in  the  spirit  not  of  a  rival  sove- 
reign but  of  an  iron-hearted  monk,  he  trampled  the 
royal  power  under  his*  feet.  The  scene  at  the  coro- 
nation of  king  Edwy,  excepting  the  horrible  cruelties 
"  to  which  it  was  the  prelude,  and  which  belong  to  a 
"  more  barbarous  race,  might  seem  to  prepare  mankind 
"  for  the  humiliation  of  the  emperor  Henry  at  Canosa."^ 
For  this  invective  there  is  not  in  the  writings  of  con- 
temporaries, or  in  any  authentic  remains  of  Dunstan  s 
legislation,  the  shadow  of  a  foundation.  What  Dunstan 
did  at  Edwy's  coronation  he  did  by  the  order  of  the 
assembled  witan  of  the  kingdom.  The  cruelties  which 
are  said  to  have  followed  are  asserted  on  the  authority 
of  Osbem  and  Eadmer,  the  eSirlier  of  whom  wrote  nearly 
a  century  and  a  half  afber  the  death  of  Edwy,  and  de- 
pend on  no  other  testimony.  If  they  ever  took  place 
at  all,  they  took  place  during  Dunstan's  exile,  during 
the  war  that  preceded  the  election  of  Edgar.  Such  at 
least  is  the  statement  of  Osbem,  who  is  the  sole  wit- 
ness; Eadmer's  additions  in  his  life  of  Odo  resting  on 
no  evidence  at  all.^  The  charge  of  persecuting  the  mar- 
ried clergy  is  as  baseless.  We  have  no  means  of  judging 
what  proportion  of  the  secular  clergy  was  married :  the 
secular  clerks  who  held  monastic  property  were  married, 
and  the  same  evidence  which  proves  their  marriages 
proves  also  how  lightly  the  marriage  tie  sat  upon  them. 


1  Milman,  Latin  ChriBtianity,Tol. 
iv.  p.  25  (ed.  1867). 

^  I  will  content  myself  with  a 
general  reference  to  Mr.  Robert- 
son's  invaluable  essay  on  Dunstan's 
policy,  Hist.  Essays,  pp.  189  sq.: 


and  to  Dr.  Hook's  life  of  Dunstan. 
I  think  little  can  be  added  to  the 
exhaustive  summary  of  the  former 
writer.  Both  works  stand,  as  might 
be  expected,  in  strong  contrast  with 
Hitman,  Hallam,  and  Lingard* 


/ 


INTRODUCTION. 


CXIX 


But  against  these  it  was  not  Dunstan  chiefly,  but  Os-  No  evidence 
wald  and  Ethelwold  who  took  the  measures  of  reform  •tan'siianh- 

...  ,     ,  ,.  11*1  noas  towardg 

which  ai'e  represented  as  persecution,  and  which  were  no  the  married 
doubt  severe  and  undiscriminating.  In  this  Dunstan,  as 
I  have  ah^ady  remarked,  takes  only  a  secondary  part : 
he  does  not  remove  the  clerks  from  his  own  cathedral 
churches ;  his  sympathy  with  the  monastic  movement  is 
only  to  be  gathered  by  inference  from  the  fact  that  he  did 
not  oppose  it.  As  to  the  married  clergy  in  general  there  is 
absolutely  no  evidence  whatever ;  and  here  is  the  most 
astounding  amount  of  assumption.  It  is  scarcely  to  be 
believed  that  our  canonists  in  discussing  the  date  of  the 
little  ecclesiastical  legislation  that  belongs  to  Edgar's 
'reign,  have  determined  that  it  does  not  belong  to  Dun- 
stan's  pontificate  because  it  contains  no  enactments 
against  the  married  clergy.^  Yet  Dunstan  became  arch- 
bishop as  soon  as  Edwy  was  dead,  and  beyond  a  doubt 
inspii^d  whatever  ecdiastical  law  wa«  made  in  that 
reign.  In  fact  the  only  laws  which  can  with  any  pro-  guenoeor 
bability  be  ascribed  to  Dunstan  are  altogether  silent  on  {jjji^ijjl* 
the  point.  We  know  that  when  he  was  a  young  man  JJiSl* 
in  minor  orders  he  intended  to  marry,  and  it  was  the 
takmg  of  monastic  vows  that  showed  his  renunciation 
of  the  design.^  It  is  the  enforcement  of  monastic  disci- 
pline, not  the  compulsory  celibacy  of  the  clergy,  that  is 
the  object  of  the  clerical  reforms ;  and  in  this  Dunstan 
only  partly  sympathized.  As  for  the  charge  of  trampling 
on  the  royal  authority,  it  may  be  dismissed  in  a  word. 
Men's  views  of  what  constitutes  vice  may  differ,  but  any 
rule  that  condemns  Dunstan  condemns  John  the  Bap- 
tist also ;  and  if  any  error  on  the  side  of  severity  is 
pardonable,  it  is  when  the  rebuke  is  addressed  to  the 
vices  of  princes :  why  is  Dunstan  to  be  blamed  for  that 
which  is  the  glory  of  Ambrose  and  Ansehn  ? 

But  in  truth'  the  career  of  Dunstan  was  no  anticipar 
tion  of  that  of  Hildebrand ;  it  was  the  very  counterpart 


*  See  above,  p.  cv. 


I      «  P.  13. 


IKTRO0UOTIOK. 


Connexion 
of  England 
\rith  Flan- 
ders. 


h 


Noukenats  of  that  of  Gorbert,  the  student,  the  practical  workman, 
Dunapn  the  wisc  instructor  of  a  royal  pupil,  the  statesman,  the 
^f '"  reformer,  and  the  patriot.  Osbem  and  Eadmer  drew 
the  character  of  their  saint  in  the  spirit  with  which 
they  were  themselves  inspired,  imputing  to  him  qualities 
which  in  their  imagination  were  virtues,  as  in  the  eyes 
of  more  modem  writers  they  have  seemed  to  be  vices, 
but  which  the  world  may  be  almost  said  to  have  learned^ 
from  the  life  of  Gregory  VII.  They  drew  the  picture 
of  the  saint  in  lines  and  colours  that  seemed  to  them 
indispensable  to  sanctity,  and  read  the  history  of  Dun- 
Stan  through  the  history  of  Henry  the  Fourth. 

Another  point  has  been  already  referred  to,  which 
receives  some  important  illustration  from  the  early  lives 
and  letters  here  printed :  the  connexion  of  England  with 
Flanders,  especially  in  the  point  of  monastic  reform.  It 
must  not  be  forgotten,  that  while  monastidsm  had 
become  under  Alfred  practically  extinct  in  England,  on 
the  continent  it  had  merely  languished.  The  monastidsm 
of  Flanders  was  active  and  energetic  compared  with  that 
of  England,  just  as  the  monasticism  of  Fleury  was  defi- 
nite and  severe  as  compared  with  that  of  Flanders. 
Count  Baldwin  had  married  the  daughter  of  Alfred  ;  she 
took  a  part  in  the  monastic  revival  in  her  adopted  coun- 
try, such  as  Alfred  had  attempted  at  home,  and  which 
was  carried  out  by  two  men  of  very  different  character 
in  the  two  countries,  Edred  and  Amtdf,  both  grandsons 
of  Alfred.  In  the  year  918  the  monks  of  Blandinium 
had  received  from  Etheldritha,  or  Elstrudis  as  they  called 
her,  a  grant  of  lands  in  Kent  which  were  in  their  hands 
when  the  Domesday  Survey  was  made.^    Whilst  Edred 


'  Meyer,  Annales  Berum  Belgica- 
mm,  p.  20.  «A.D.  929.  Obiit 
"  Elstnidis  magni  principifl  mater 
*'  7"*  kalendus  Junias,  jacetqae  sc- 
"  pulta  prope  maritum  BUndinii  in 
"  oBdicula  parentU  Tirginis.  Hseo 
**  Blandiniensibiifl  eosnobitU  amplas 


»  donavit  poueBsiones  in  Anglia 
"  in  finibus  Cantii  unde  tabulas  ha- 
**  bent  anno  918."  A  charter  con* 
firming  the  grant  of  Etheldritha, 
made  by  £dward  the  Confessor,  is 
printed  in  Kemble,  C.  D.  No. 
dcclxxi. 


INTRODUCTION.  CXXi 

was  reviving  Glastonbury  and  Abingdon,  Amulf  was  re-  SScSchism. 
building  and  refilling  S.  Bertin,  S.  Yedast,  and  Blan- 
dinium.  Eighteen  great  monasteries .  were  restored  by 
him.  All  this  was  well  known  to  the  West  Saxon 
princes.  Elstrudis  was  buried  at  Blandinium.  Edwin, 
the  brother  of  Athelstan,  who  perished  at  sea  by  his 
brother's  cruelty,  it  was  said,  found  his  resting  place  at 
S.  Bertin.^  The  so-caUed  monks  who  were  expelled  in 
the  process  of  reform  and  would  not  accept  the  revived 
Benedictine  rule,  found  refuge  with  Athelstan  in  England.^ 
It  is  thus  easy  to  account  for  the  hospitable  treatment 
which  Dunstan  found  in  the  territories  of  Amulf,  and  for 
the  letters  addressed  to  Edgar,  to  Dunstan  and  his  suc- 
cessors, by  the  Flemish  and  North  French  monasteries, 
asking  or  returning  thanks  for  help. 

This  serves  to  open  a  comparatively  untrodden  field  of  ^Jt*jJJJ°JJ^ 
ecclesiastical  history,'  for  the  illustration  of  which  it  is  t^e  west 
probable  that  moire  remams  are  extant  than  is  generally 
suspected.  It  is  extremely  desirable  that  the  history  of 
the  foreign  relations  of  England,  political,  ecclesiastical, 
and  literary,  in  the  tenth  and  eleventh  centuries,  should  be 
more  carefully  explored.  There  is  no  reason  to  suppose 
that  the  invasion  of  the  Danes,  when  they  destroyed  so 
much  else,  really  interrupted  the  intercourse  of  England 
with  Germany.  The  marriages  of  the  da;ughters  of  Alfred 
and  Edward  do  not  stand  alone.  The  political  negotiations 
of  Odo  placed  Lewis  d'Outremer  on  the  throne  of  the 
West  Franks;  the  wanderings  of  Kjmewald  brought 
Athelstan  and  his  court  into  close  ecclesiastical  affinity 
with  the  monasteries  of  Germany.  It  is  true  that  there 
is  some  uniformity  in  the  result :  English  gold  is  as  in- 
genuously asked  for,  and  as  freely  bestowed,  as  it  con- 
tinues to  be  for  ages  after.  English  manuscripts  are  bor- 
rowed, of  which  there  is  no  notice  of  return.    Few  and  far 


>  Meyer,  p.  SO.  \     *  Ibid.  p.  21 . 


CXXll  INTRODUCTION. 

interooone  between  are  the  notices  of  Emrlishmen  in  continj&ntal 

of  England  _ 

with  the  authors,  but  nevertheless  there  are  traces  of  a  continuous 
and  lively  intercourse,  which  might  be  multiplied  by 
close  examination,  and  might  yield  an  unexpected  har- 
vest to  patient  labour. 

Greek  words      The  number  of  Greek  words  that  occur  in  the  early 

m  the  Latin  ^ 

of  the  time,  lives  and  letters  will  necessarily  attract  the  notice  of 
scholars.  This  is  no  peculiarity  of  English  writers ;  it  is 
a  common  feature  of  the  period ;  and  it  is  one  the  exa- 
mination of  which  has  never  been  thoroughly  carried 
out.  •  The  superficial  use  of  glossaries  without  any  know- 
ledge of  grammar,  will  account  for  some  part  of  the 
vocabulary  which  so  curiously  diversifies  the  Latin  of 
the  Saxon  priest.  The  use  of  Greek  hymns  or  Greek 
versicles  in  the  services  of  the  church  may  account  for  a 
phrase  here  and  there.  The  occasional  visit  of  a  Greek 
pilgrim  or  exile  awoke  from  time  to  time  the  desire  of 
knowing  a  few  Greek  words,  or  the  forms  of  the  Greek 
letters.  But  the  exact  amount  of  knowledge  of  Greek 
literature  is  not  easy  to  calculate;  the  few  references 
that  occur  seem  to  be  stock  quotations,  drawn  probably^ 
if  not  cei-tainly,  through  the  medium  of  the  Latin  fathers. 
Phenomena  like  John  Scotus  Erigena  were  rare  indeed ; 
yet  the  age  of  Dunstan  almost  reaches  the  age  of  John 
Scotus,  and  what  was  possible  for  one  scholar  was  not 
quite  impossible  for  others.  The  struggles  of  the  Saxon 
emperors  in  Southern  Italy  probably  did  something  to 
bring  spoken  -Greek  to  the  ears  of  western  ecclesiastics. 

I  feel  that  in  this  preface  I  have  pointed  out  rather 
than  illustrated  many  questions  of  interest.  Perhaps  it 
is  hardly  consistent  with  the  character  of  a  preface  to 
attempt  more.  A  careful  re-editing  of  the  original  lives 
of  the  English  saints  will,  I  have  no  doubt,  supply 
materials  of  yet  unappreciated  value. 

I  beg  leave  to  present  my  very  sincere  thanks  to  those 
scholars  and  societies  whose  MSS.  have  been  used  in  this 
work,  for  the  kindnesa  with  which  they  have  allowed 


INTRODUCTION,  CXXIU 

me  access  to  Uiem.  In  particular  I  have  to  thank  the 
Archbishop  of  Canterbury  for  the  loan  of  the  Lambeth 
MS.  159  ;  and  M.  Leopold  Delisle  for  the  readiness  with 
which  he  promoted  my  use  of  the  Paris  library.  I  have 
also  to  thank  for  various  good  offices  M.  Caron  of  Arras, 
M.  Dierauer  of  S.  Gallen,  the  Rev.  S.  S.  Lewis  of  C.  C.  C. 
Cambridge,  and  the  Rev.  Canon  Raine  of  York. 


^na^i^p 


VITA  ET  MIRACULA 
S.  DUNSTANI. 


$9741. 


I. 

SANCTI  DUNSTANI  VITA 

AUCTORE  B. 


Incipft  prologus  de  vita  vel  conversatione  almi 

oonfessoris  dunstani.* 

Perprudenti  domino  archonti  Albrico,*  omnium  ex-  The  writer 
timus  sacerdotum  B.  vilisque  Saxonum  indigena,  alta  hi?iSJ?to 
polorum  gaudia.  SSric!*''^ 

1.  Te  quidem,  pastor  praecelse,  ob  enormitatcm  di- 
vnlgatce  peritiee,  perque  magnificam,  placidam,  privi- 
legii  dignitatem,  ad  insuperabilem  mihi  tutionem' 
caeteros  quosque,  quamvis  sint  doctrina  perspicui,  ex- 
dpiendam  secemam;  qui,  quodam  luculento  compe- 
tentis  fietcundise  calamo,  decentis  eoditui,  akni  scilicet 
Dunstani,  merita  monimenta  protelare  conarer,  ni  in- 
coepta  gloriosse  vitae  ipsius  prooemia^  omnemque  hujus 
opusculi  diffinitionem  degeneri  vitiorum  stilo,  ut  cemis, 
attaminando  foedarem.  Quapropter  primus  prae  cseteris 
bujuscemodi  dedecus  patula  protestatione  tuee  sereni- 
tati  profiteor,  meque  adeo  more  aligerorum,  qui  se 
priusquam  professionis  vocem  emittant,  alarum  plausi- 
bus  flagellare  videntur,  propriis  verborum  verberibus, 
tids  proYolutus  genibus,  exonerans  affligo ;  eotenus, 
inquam,  ut  quicquid  hac  in  editione  contra  orthographisB 


^  The  text  in  from  the  Ams  MS. 
1029  (A.)*  The  oollatioiis  are  from 
the  Cotton  MS.  Cleopatra  B.  18 
(B.)y  which  omits  the  Prologue. 


'Elfric,  archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury, 995-1,006. 

*  tutionem]  tatiorcm,  A. 

*  prooemid]  promia,  A. 

A   2 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


He  be^  the 
archbishop 
to  correct 
his  gram- 
matical 
errors,  and 
deprecates 
harsh 
criticism. 


He  will  do 
what  he  can 
in  praise  of 
his  subject ; 
in  mingled 
prose  and 
verse. 


normam  compositoris  vitio  usurpatum  repereris,  impe- 
rial! potentia  abradere,  ac  ploranti  pinnicula  profluentis 
incansti  in  melius  ab  errore  ^  reformatum  emendare  prae- 
cipias.  Quinetiam  utriusque  ordinis  in  utroque  sexu 
sagaces,  banc  quoque  tenuem  nostri  libelli  segetem  lit- 
terarum  pedibus  transmeantes,  toto  cordis  intuitu  tuoque 
potitus  suffiragio,  itidem  facere  permoneo;  astu  tamen 
ne  rari  germinis  seminaria  ponderosis  pedibus  incaute 
calcantes  deprimant,  neu  interea,  dum  in  annona  de- 
pressa  peritura  olera  penitus  exstirpare  nituntur,  justa 
potius  plantaria  cum  malis  pariter,  secanti  intercepta 
sarculo,  eradicando  praecidant ;  sed  execrabilia  hujus 
superficiei  lolia,  quodam  levi  conamine  passim  per  loco- 
rum  spatia  neglegenter  respersa  fundotenus  ^  explodant. 
Si  ba3C  mihi  affectanti  precaria  quiscunque  e  nebulosorum 
corculis  concedenda  persentio,  satis  gratiosa  benefida 
rependenda  depromo ;  sin  autem  invidis  semulorum  ab- 
dicamentis  refutata  tempnuntur,  ignoratur  utique  quid 
satius  incoeptem  quam  ut  propria  falcicula,  licet  sit 
scabrosa,  mutilatione  tenuatim  obducta,  propriam  mes- 
sem  sudati  laboris  pro  posse  virium  piare  procedam; 
si  tamen  quodam  demonstranti  digitulo  corrigentis  in- 
dicetur  qua  parte  locorum  inserta  vitiabilis  campi  vitu- 
peria  provocatus  incidam.  Ergo  quoniam  causa  inscitiae  ^ 
id  fieri  quod  volo  nequibit,  sed  id  tandem  quod  queo 
vello  compellor.  Hoc  siquidem  ut  optatam  praelocuti 
theologi  mentionem  quam  lepido  facilitatis  eulogio,  vel  si 
possem  singula  summorum  rimatum  capiteDa  omnemque 
proceram  hujusce  texturae  seriem,  crisidineo  schemate  ac 
biformi  renitentis  electri  colore  gemmatim  disserere  ges- 
tiebam,  nunc  saltem  satirica  fatuitate  gressuque  lap- 
santi  quasi  minus  sapiens  vacillando  incedam.  Melius 
tamen  tantas  vitae  venustatem  idoneis  compositoribus, 
ni  beati  antistitis  inminentem  iram  pertimescam,  con- 
scribendam  reservo;   quia  non  summe  profitente   quo- 


*  errore']  errare,  A. 
^Jundoientu'}  fnndentesnus,  A. 


3  inseitia'}  msithiss,  A. 


AUCTORE  B.  5 

quam  in   hujus   cosmi   situ   prsestantior,    ast   personis  Heapoio- 
omniDUS  divo  carens  dogmate  despectior.     Nam  e  pru-  proiogiie; 
dentibus  neminem  liberali   eruditum  ingenio  propemo-  makeoonreo- 
diim  pemoscis,  qui  tarn  deformi  facundia  in  scribendis  oeptmthe 
proloffis  ut  effo,  videatur  abuti.     Has  tamen   sequentes  derived  di- 
paginulas,  parvo  capacitatis  fomite  utcunque  compositas,  ^  samt  or 
fidissima   fidelium  attestatione  purgabo,  si  qua  propria 
temeritate  effigiata  insignia  in  his  me  conseruisse  diffi- 
das ;  nisi  forte  quae  vel  videndo  vel  audiendo,  licet  in- 
tellectu  torpenti,  ab  ipso  didiceram^  vel   etiam  ex  ejus 
alumnis,  quos  a  tenella  juventutis  aetate  ad  viros  usque 
perfectos,  doctrinarum  pabulis  decenter  instructos,  ipse- 
met  educando   deduxit.     Acceptes,  obsecro,  sola  septus 
connexione   caritatis,  horum   apicellorum  tenuem  con- 
geriem,   vix   ebinina  titulatione  styloque  fuscanti  con- 
cretam,  contra  omnes  invisorios  semulos  invicta  propug- 
natione  tuendam,  non  favoreo  deditam  rumusculo,  sed 
tuse   specialiter   sublimitati    collatam.     In  hac  quippe 
litterali  planitie,  mentem  magis  spontaneam  ambientis, 
quam  agrestem^  componentis  ignaviam  explorare   de- 
posco ;  teque  sine  tuse  offensionis  molestia,  moneo  tanti 
patris  virtutibus  informarij  exemplis  ejus  instrui,  mori- 
bus    muniri^    disciplinis   justificari,    ut    cujus    extitisti 
successor  in  terris,  ejus  merearis  perennis  esse  consessor 
in   ccelis,  largiente   Domino   nostro    Jesu   Christo,  Qui 
cum  coaetemo  Patre  Sanctoque  Spiritu  vivit  et  regnat 
Deus  per  omnia  saecula  saeculorum.    Amen. 


iNCIPrr  VITA  SANCTI  DONSTANNI  ARCHIEPISCOPI.* 

2.  Cum  multorum  temporum  a  vero  cultu  Christianae  The  English 

wciv  ouoe 

reUgionis    vacua  *  transissent  curricula,  quibus  vetusto  heathen, 
errori    ritu    gentilitatis    gens    Anglorum   magis    quam 
Christo  Creatori  cunctorum  mancipari  decemebat,  mise- 
ricors  Dominus,  no  factura  Sua  laqueis  inretita  diaboli- 


^  agreMtem]  egrestem,  A. 

'  sancti  .  ,  .  archiepiscopi]  sacnp 


commemorationis  beati  scilicet  Dan- 
Rtani  archiproDSulis,  B. 
'  racua]  om.  B. 


6 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


They  were 
oonvorted 
by  Augus- 
tine and 
others* 


under  the 
influence  of 
good  kings 
and  other 
rulers. 


Of  these 
Athelstan 
was  one. 


in  whose 
time  Dun- 
Stan  was 
horn. 


cis  in  sBtemum  dampnata  periret,  salutis  seternse  reme- 
dium  ejusdem  caecitati  prospexit,  ac  venerandum  patrem 
Augustmum,  a  beato  papa  electum  Gregorio,  ad  hujus 
partes  patrise  miseratus  destinavit ;  qui  sagaci  mentis 
ingenio  hseredem  sodaret  inde  conversam  plebem  fide- 
lium  beato  contubemio  Angelorum.  Mox  igitur  ut  vir 
Dei  inter  inscise  nationis  vepres  snlcum  saluberrimse 
doctrinsB  vomeremque  Dei  visitationis  infixit,  et  triti- 
ceum  Sanctse  Trinitatis  semen  inseruit,  sic  vipereum 
pereimtis  lolii  germen  ab  hac  exstirpavit,  ut  ulterius 
dumosi  ruris  rudera  in  ea  pullulare  prohiberet,  et  dig- 
nos  Deo  poenitentise  fructus  documento  pariter  et  ex- 
emplo  debere  offerri  demonstraret.  Itaque  qui  ante 
eum  spreverat  credidit  universus  Albionum  populus 
Domino,  et  adjunctus  est  per  verse  fidei  agnitionem 
Deo  suo.  Hie  autem  sine  Cujus  sollicitudine  parvi  non 
succumbimt  passeres,  curam  optima^  provectionis  ob  suae 
statum  conditionis  ipsi  deinceps  adhibuit.  Elegit  nam- 
que  Venturis  ad  Se  ^  exinde  *  nutritios  liberis,  reges, 
pontifices,  duces,  decanos,  prsepositos,  caeterosque  Eccle- 
siae  Suae  rectores,  qui  post  emensa  singulonmi  spatia 
gregem  Deo  renatum  sub  pacis  custodia  regerent  cum 
justitia. 

3.  Inter  hos  praecipuos  regiae  praelationis  viros,  quem 
Christianissimi  et  orthodoxi  multi  regnando  praecesse- 
rant,  quorum  nunc  nomina  difficultas  non  sinit  rimare 
per  singula,  gloriosus  rex  '  iBthelstanus  annis  succedenti- 
bus  est  rex  Anglorum  adnumeratus.  Hujus  igitur  Jra- 
perii  temporibus  oritur  puer  strenuus  in  Westsaxonum 
finibus,  cujus  pater  Heorstanus,  mater  vero  Cynethrydis  * 
vocitatiu*.  Quem  pii  parentes  sacri  baptismatis  undis 
renatum  Dunstanum  vocaverunt.  Crevit  itaque  puer  et 
effectus  est  tam  Deo  qiiam  hominibus  cams.  Erat 
autem  quaodam  regalis  in  coniinio  ejusdem  praefati  viri 


^  Venturis  ad  Se"]  om.  B. 
^  exinde"]  cjl,  B. 


'  rex]  om.  B. 

*  Cynethrydis]  Cynethiyth,  B. 


AUCTORE  B.  7 

insula,  antiquo  vicinorum  vocabulo  GlBestonia  nuncupata,  Dewription 
latis  locorum   dimensa  sinibus,  piscosis  aquis  stagneis-  bury, 
que  circumducta  fluminibus,  et  plurimis  humanas  indi- 
gentiae   apta   usibus,  atque  sacris,  quod  TnayiTnnm   est, 
Dei  dicata  muneribus.     In  ea  siquidem  ipsius  loca  primi 
catholicse  legis  neophitae  antiquam  Deo  dictante  reppe- 
rerunt   secclesiam,   nulla   hominum   arte '    constructam, 
immo  humanse  saluti  coelitus  paratam;  quam   postmo- 
dum  Ipse  coelorum  fabricator  multis  miraeulorum  gestis  The 
multisque  misteriorum  virtutibus,^  banc '   Sibi  sanctae-  buut  there 

.     .    .  «         A     r     -  to  8.  Mary 

que  genitrici  Suae  ^  Mariae  consecratam  fore  demonstravit.  and  s.  Peter. 
Huic  etiam  aliud  addiderunt  opere  '  lapideo  ^  oratorium, 
quod  Christo  ejusque  Sancto  Petro  apostolo  dedicave- 
runt.  Porro  dehinc  universorum  circumquaque  fidelium 
frequentia  oolebat,  et  jam  dictae  pretiosum  insulae  humi- 
liter  locum  firequentabat.  Contigit  ergo  hujuscemodi 
causis  praedictum  virum  Heorstanum  comitante  secum  Heontui 
beato  puero  Dunstano  transire  Glestoniam,  et  ciun  inibi  s.  Dunstao, 

*       ^,       .  ,  .  ...  ,    and  hw  son 

causa  orationis    pemoctarent,   ecce   suavissimi    sopons  visit  there, 
felicem  obtexit  pausatio  puerum/  viditque  mentis  ex- 
cessu    quendam    senem    niveo   candore   vestitum^   per 
amoena  se   sacri  templi  atria  ^  ducentem,  ac  monastica  Dunstan's 

!•/»•  1  •  AA  j».£»ji»        vision  of  new 

aedincia,  quae  post  per  ejus  pastoratum  aediiicanda  lue-  buUdings. 
rant,  demonstrantem  eo  ordine  quo  nunc  statuta  refe- 
runtur  fuisse.^® 


4.  Postea  vero  religiosi  pueri  Dunstani  ^^  parentes  sa-  DgMto's 
cris  eum  litterarum  otiis  contulerunt  ^tudentem,  cui  con- 
festim   Dominus  tantam  in  his  largitatis  Suae  conferre 
dignatus  est  gratiam,  ut  coaetaneos  quosque  praecelleret, 
et  suorum  tempera  studiorum  facili  cursu  transiliret. 


>  arUl  ut  fenmt,  ins.  B.  in  marg. 
'  mwierioTum  mrtHtihu»]  yirtatnm 
misteriis,  B. 
'  hone]  om.  B. 
<  Suai]  Dei,  B. 
*  opert]  altered  to  operes^  A. 


*  lapidtd]  altered  to  lapideo§,  A. 
7  pausatio  puerwnQ  tr.  B. 

*  niveo  .  .  vatHum]  tr.  B. 

*  atria']  pavimenta,  B. 
^fuiase"]  fore,  B. 

^^  Duiutani]  om.  B. 


8 


VITA  SANCn  DUNSTANI. 


Danttan 
fkUfl  siok  of 
a  fever : 


he  ia  deli- 
rious, and 
then  uuKm- 
Bible. 


He  rises 
ftomhisbed, 
takes  a  stick, 
andclimha 
to  the  roof 
of  the 
church. 


He  descends 
in  safety, 
and  lies 
down  be- 
tween the 
two  keepers 
inside  the 
church. 


Sed  quod  contulerat  sibi  slgnum  summa  Majestas 
In  studik  ipsis  parvo  pro  posse  patebo. 
Contigit  hunc  laborare  diu  nam  febribus  artis, 
In  tantum  ut  frenesis  morbum  pateretur  amarum^ 
Inmemor  atque  sui  per  deliramenta  nugarum, 
Pluruna  verborum  vacua  jactasset  ab  ore. 
Cladibus  his  fessus,  committitur  et  mnlieri 
Cuidam,  qus3  tenero  tunc  suppeditaret  alumpno, 
Et  curam  gereret  sub  ea  ne  peste  periret. 
At  memorata  lues  puerum  superaucta  premebat, 
Ut  velut  exanimis  jacuisset  ad  ultima  stratus, 
Omnibus  et  membris  fieret  quasi  jam  moriturus. 
Cumque  diu  sic  mole  mali  gravaretur  operti, 
Ecce  repente  movens  abiit,  propereque  resurgit, 
Fustem  ac  surculeum  rapuit  tunc  forte  repertum; 
Quocum  percutiens  ambabus  partibus  auras, 
A  canibus  rabidis  quasi  se  defenderet,  ibat. 
Sic  quoque  nocte  ferunt  ut  ad  usque  peribula  templi 
Solivagus  properaret,  et  inde  veniret  ad  altos 
Ascensus  graduum,  quo  scandere  summa  solebant 
Artifices  operum,  qui  cum  discrimine  grandi 
Ipsius,  heu !  timidi  texere  cacumina  templi. 
niic  ut  validus  summam  conscendit  in  arcem, 
Et  nimis  incaute  super  hac  stetit  atque  meavit. 
Sed  Domini  pietas  rapuit  do  fastigiorum 
Casibus  insontem ;  ponens  quoque  inde  deorsum 
Incolumem  membris  salvum,  sanumque  locatum 
Intus  in  hoc  eodem  templum,  de  culmine  vexum, 
Quo  duo  custodes  pariter  de  more  cubabant, 
Ut  simul  inter  eos  pausaret  tertius  ille. 
Ipse  tamen  nescivit  qua  ratione  veniret 
ExGOgitare  modum,  vivensve  sub  aethere  quisquam. 
Ostia  nam  templi  nuUi  patuere  meanti, 
Arcuit  ast  eadem  ferrum  sub  cortice  durum. 
Optime  nunc  lector,  celeri  sermone  fatere 
Quid  tibi  veridico  videatur  in  hoc  pusione: 
Si  talem  dubites  superum  conscendere  templum, 


AUCTORE  B. 


9 


Qui  hie  dauds  foribus  pro  salvatione  ruinae 
Conditur  in  templo,  ut  redimat  de  labe  maligna 
Postea  perplures  et  mittat  ad  sethera  turmas, 
Dogmata  distribuens  necnon  exempla  relinquens : 
Exsurgat  patiens  humilis  ruat  atqne  superbus. 

Nam  ^  quanto  erat  crescendo  sublimior,  tanto  acuita- 


Mystical 
meaning  of 
this  miracle. 


^  Sed  quod  .  .  Nam]  Instead  of 
these  Terses,  MS.  B.  reads  the  foUow- 
mg,  in  which  the  rhythm  of  a  se- 
quence maybe  easily  detected:  "  Eo 
**  antem  hoc  modo  do  virtnte  in 
<•  yiitatem  proficiente,  in  vezatione 
**  febriom  quodam  casn  corruit  re- 
«  pente.  Qnibus  dam  die  nocteque 
**  in  tantom  torqneretur  at  amarum 
«  firenesis  morbom  pati  yideretor, 
«  immemor  sui  per  dellramenta  na- 
**  garam,  ore  suo  jactavit  inania 
"  Terboram.  Postremo  yero  cladi- 
^  bas  his  per  teneros  artus  diutls- 
**  sime  fatigatoB,  cuidam  mnlieri 
"  jussu  parentam  est  commendatus, 
*'  ut  omni  sagacitatis  soUertia  prse- 
**  yideret,  sab  ea  ne  peste  periret 
**  Iteram  autem  memorata  lue  eo 
•<  modo  adgrayabator,  at  ad  ultima 
'*  yelut  exanimis  prostratus  jacuisse 
«  monstraretur,  et,  resoluta  mem- 
"  brorom  compage,  quasi  jam  mo- 
**  reretur.  Deinde  yero,  ac  si  num- 
«  qoam  quisqaam  mali  perpessus, 
'*  propere  ezsargens,  et  fustem 
<*  qaem  forte  repperit  arripiens,  per 
«  montes  et  yalles  yagando  discur- 
**  rebat,  et  quasi  a  rabidis  canibus 
«  se  de&nderet  ibat.  Sabsequenti 
"  ergo  nocte,  at  ferunt,  ad  usque 
«  tempi!  peribula  errando  propera- 
<*  yit  ac  ad  altos  ascensus  graduum 
**  solivagus  peryenit,  quo  operarii 
«  scandere  solcbant,  qui  tunc  cum 
"  ingenti  pericalo  cacumina  templi 
"  tegebant.  Nihil  denique  quid 
«  ageret  in  se  reyersus,  summam 
**  tecti  arccm  conscendit  intrepidus, 


*'  et  nimis  incaute  super  iUam  stetit, 
«  ac  magno  sub  discrimine  hac  il- 
'*  lacque  cursitayit.  Haud  enim 
"  Miseratoris  omnium  cceleste  ei 
"  deerat  solatium,  a  Cujus  laude 
**  numquam  ejus  cessayerat  orga- 
"  nam;  sed  ita  sanum  obseryavit 
«  ilium  et  incolumem  at  nee  pedis 
"  offendiculum  faceret  ad  lapidem. 
"  Eodem  in  templo  supema  dispo- 
*'  nente  dementia  deponitur,  et  in- 
"  ter  geminos  custodes,  ubi  solito 
"  more  cubabant,  collocatur,  at 
**  dulci  paulisper  recrearet  membra 
''  sopore;  quse  diu  fatigata  fiierant 
"  labore.  Exsurgens  autem  post 
"  moment!  spatium  ammirari  ad- 
«  modum  una  cum  custodibus  cce- 
"  perat,  quo  pacto  quoye  ingenio 
**  introierat;  cemens  etiam  quod 
"  quodque  templi  ostium  clausum 
"  munitumque  exstiterat. 

*'  Acta  quidem  hsc  postremum 
*•  diyino  nutu  agnoyit,  et  omnipo- 
'*  tentem  Dominum,  Qui  sic  eum  a 
"  tanta  tribulatione  liberarat,  col- 
"  laudare  et  glorificare  non  distulit, 
"  sciens  se  tanto  felicioreminterius, 
*'  quanto  durius  puniretor  exterius. 
"  Forro  tanqoam  aurum  in  fomace 
"  probat  Dominus  electos,  ut  quasi 
^  holocausta  hostie  accipiat  iUos. 
**  Beatus  autem  qui  suffert  tempta- 
**  tionem,  quoniam,  cum  probatus 
"  faerit,  accipiet  coronam  yitas. 
"  Non  quidem  mirandum  est  si  Do- 
«  minos  ardore  dumtaxat  febrium 
'*  beatum  Dunstanum  temptare  per- 
**  miserit,  cum  justissimum  Job  qui 


10 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


ixmstMi      tis  ingenio  locupletior;  quantoque-^  roticulis  annorum 
wisdom.      maturior,  tanto  Dei  dilectione  ferventior ;  quanto  vero  * 

in  divinis  laudibus  assuetior,  tanto  perseveranti  animo  ' 

instantior. 

He  takes  the     5.  Videntes  itaqu6  parentes  prsenominati  tantam  sui    I 

tonsure  at  n      /•  #>!••      i*  -i  •      i     ■      i         •  i 

Giastonbuiy  excellentiam  nlii,  dignam  sibi  clencatus  inposuere  ton- 

in  the         suram  omcu  inque  famoso  Glestomensis  8BCclesi8B  socia- 

8.Mai7.      verunt"*ccBirobio»;   quatenus  ibidem    die   noctuque  Deo 

Deique   genitrici    deserviret   Mariae   tempore   continuo. 

Jamque  disciplinis  'innexus  Deificis  florentes  suae  puber- 

tatis    annos    evicta  juventut6    calcavit;    et   Justus   in 

domo  Dei  sui,  sicut  cedrus  Libani,  vigoribus  virtutum 

floiniit;  inque  divinis   plantatus   atriis   incrementi   sui 

robora  singulis  diebus  protendebat  ad  sidera.     Interea 

tam  magna  suae   constantise  fama  regis  in  palatio  pa- 

tuit,   ut   longe   lateque    magnifids    rerum   laudabilium 

divulgaretur  indiciis.     Non  autem  hujus  mundi  vanos 

captabat  favores,  sed  copiis  virtutum  praeventus  illam 

setemi  Regis  gloriam  ab  intus  gestabat,  quam  sibi  pol- 

His  various  lens  sapientia  docto  digito  donorum  spiritalium,  varietate 

studies.  X'  ±    J'  X  -x 

etiam  studiorum,  neene  gemmante  mtore  aureorum 
omatuum,  dictavit.  Nam  multa  sacrorum  et  divino- 
rum  *  voluminum  prata,  velut  apis  ingeniosa  sic  '  rapido 
cursu  capacis  ingenii  pervolavit,  ut  mentem  potius 
quam  corpus  divinis  reficeret  lectionibus,  et  receptacu- 
lum  casti  pectusculi,  Sancti  Spiritus  flatu  perfusum, 
Irish  pii-  gustu  nectarco  devote  suppleret  sensum.*  Porro  Hiber- 
SSton-  nensium  peregrini  locum,  quem  dixi,^  Glestoniae,  sicut 
et  caeterae  fidelium  turbse,  magno  colebant  affectu,  et 
maxime  ob  Beati  Patricii  junioris  ®  honorem,  qui  faustus 


«  nee  labiia  suib  ])eccayit,  tot  tor- 

«  mentomm  generibos  fatigaii  con- 

"  senserit.      Beatos    itaque    ado- 

**  leecens  .  .  ." 

1  quantoque']  quanto  vero,  B. 

^  quanto  vero']  quanto  autem,  B. 


'  perseveranti  ammo]  perseTeran- 
tia  nimia,  B. 

^  et  tUvinorum']  om.  B. 

^  sic"]  om.  B. 

^  sensum]  serenum,  B. 

7  quem  dixi]  prsedictum,  B. 

^junioris']  seDioriB,  B. 


AUCrrOEE  B. 


r<^ 


11 


ibidem   in  Domino   quievisse   narratur.     Horum   etiam  ^^>unatw , 
libros   rectae  fidei  tramitem   phylosophantes,   diligenter  books, 
exooluit,  aliorumque  prudentum,  quos  ab  intimo  cordis 
a^ectu    patrum    sanctorum    assertione    solidatos    esse 
persensit^   solubili    semper    scrutamine   indagavit.      Ita 
vero  vitae  suae   studinm   cohercebat,  ut   quotiescumque  He  dnwB 
,    divinse  ScriptursB  libros  scrutaretur  Dens  cum  eo  pariter  from  Holy 
loqueretur;   quoties    autem    cuns   sdeculanbus    solutus, 
orationum  otiis  mulcebatur,  ipse  cum' Domino  pariter 
faiiTidereturJ  "  ^ 

6.  Igitur  dum  hsec  exercitia  bonorum  operum  secum  He  is  re- 
agerentur,  nonnialli   propriorum   sodaUmn   et  paJatino-  S^^ 
rum,  tum  quam  maxime  vero  consangumeorum  suorum,  the  court 
qui  salutiferis  actibus   ejus  ^  invidebant,  sanctae  vineae 
vitem'   palmitemque   ad   ccelestia    regna^    tendentem, 
beatimi   videlicet   Dunstanum    in   Christo    poUentem,' 
Unguis   acutis    serpentium   morsibusque   dirorum    den- 
tium,  ®  ut   hirci    setigeri,  rodere   vel   prsBcidere  conati 
sunt.    Conflabant  enim  sub  livido  antro  naevosi  pectoris  i*ey  accuse 

.  him  of  occult 

inopinatam  in  eum  scabiem  mendacii,  dicentes  ilium  ex  knowledge, 
libris  salutaribus  et  viris  peritis,  non  saluti  animarum 
profutura  sed  avitae  gentilitatis  vanissima  didicisse 
carmina,  et  histonarum  Mvolas  colere  incantationum 
.  nsenias.^  Huic  autem  morbo  mendacii  beatus  tyro 
semper  Christum  opposuit,  Qui  omnia  antequam  fiant 
novit;^  in  Cujus  persona  benignus  propheta  David  et  He  trusts 
fidelissimus  Ejus  testis,^  oraculo  praeventus  Spiritus 
Sancti,  in  fSedsos  auctores'^  Dominicae  passionis  ita  in- 
Fft.  zzTiL  14.  quiens,  ait,  "  Insurrexerunt  in  me  testes  iniqui,  et 
"  mentita  est  iniquitas  sibi."  Et  iterum,  "Qui  quaere- 
"  bant  mihi   mala  locuti   sunt  vanitates,  et  dolos   tota 


Fk.zxxTiiL 

u. 


1  videretur'}  yidebator,  6. ;  pari- 
ter, om.  B. 

*  actibuB  9'«cs]  tr.  B. 

>  m'tem]  ad  Christum,  ins.  B. 

*  ptUmiitmque  .  .  re^fno]  om.  B. 

*  beaium  .  .  poUentem]  om.  B. 
'  dirorum  dentium^  om.  B. 


7  historiaruM  .  .  nanias']  histria- 
ram  colere  incantationes,  B. 

^  Qui  .  .  novif]  om.  B. 

*  e<  .  .  testis^  om.  B. 

1^  infaUos  auctorea']  de  falsis  tes- 
tibus,  B. 


12 


VITA  SANCTI  DUN8TANI. 


Dunatan 
bears  his 
troubles 
piously. 


it 


die  meditabantur/'^    Et  Ipse  Dominus  in  evangelio 


ait;  "Beati  eritis  cum  vos  oderint  homines,"  etc.^    EtJ^^"*®^- 


<l 


« 


it 


« 


t€ 


He  is  ex- 
pelled from 
the  court : 

gulled  about 
y  his 
enemies 
and  half 
smothered 
in  a  muddy 
pond. 


He  escapes 
and  is  recog- 
nized by  the 
dogs  of  a 
good  neigh- 
bour. 


auditoribus  Suis,  "  Si  de  mimdo  fuissetis  mimdus  quod 
suum  erat  diligeret;  quia  vero  de  mundo  non  estis, 
sed  Ego  elegi  vos  de  mundo,  propterea  odit  vos  mun-  s.  John  xr. 
dus."     Itemque,  "Beati  estis  cum  maledixerint  vos 
"  homines   et  persecuti   vos   fuerint,  et  dixerint   omne 
malum  adversum  vos  mentientes  propter  Me.   Gaudete 
in  illo  die  et  exsultate  quoniam  merces  vestra  copiosa  s.])iatt.y. 
"est  in  coelis."'    Hac  ergo  servus  Dei  Dunstanus,  fir- 
missima  sponsione    confortatus,  velut   homo   surdus  et 
quasi*  vocem    objurgationis   non   curans   effectus    est; 
cum  vix  unquam  canibus  contra  se  latrantibus  aperue- 
rit  OS  suum   per   amarse   increpationis   eloquium.     Ipsi  \ 
vero  in  machinamento  malitiae  perseverantes,  criminati  ' 
sunt  ilium  falsa  quadam   objectione   coram   rege,*  im- 
petraveruntque  ut  ab  eorum  consortio  pelleretur ;  quem  ■ 
si  sanse  mentis  essent  unice  dilexissent.     Deinde   atro-  . 
cissima   impietatis    praevalescente    rabie,    rapientes   in- 
sontem    quadrifidis    membris"   velut    ovcm   patientem, 
manibusque  ac  pedibus  restrictum,  projecerunt  in  lutu- 
lenta  palustrium  loca,  et  ut  eum  in  fdroris  sui  dementia 
contemptibiliorem  efficerent,  pedibus  superimpriraebant  f 
quousque    secundum    volimtatis    eorum®    malitiam    in 
foetenti   volutabro  dehonestarent.     lUis  autem  receden- 
tibus  vix   ipse  e  palude  fluminis  quasi  depicatus   sur- 
rexit;  et  ad   quendam  amicorum,  imo   inde  distantem 
miliario,  ut  ibi  se  ablueret,  venire  disposuit.   Occurrerunt 
vero  iUi  canes  ejusdem  acerrimi,  et  quoniam  luto  detur- 
patum,®  magis  monstrum  quam  hominem  putaverunt,^® 


'^  et  .  ,  meditabantur']  om.  B. 

'  etc."]  et  com  separaTcrint  vos  et 
exprobaverint  et  ejecerint  nomen 
yestnim  tanqaam  malum  propter 
Filiam  hominis,  gaudete  in  ilia  die 
et  exsultate  quoniam  merces  vestra 
copiosa  est  in  coelis,  B. 

3  JSt  auditoribus  .  .  calis]  om.  B. 

*  yuajsi]  om.  B. 


'  coram  rege]  apud  regem,  B. 

*  quadrijidis  membris]  om.  B. 

7  superimprimehant']  eum  concul- 
cabant,  B. 

^  eoruTn]  illorum,  B. 

'  quoniam  .  .  deturpatum"]  quia 
luto  detuipatns  erat,  B. 

^  putanerunt"]  ac  idcirco,  ins.  B. 


AUCTORE  B. 


13 


crudeli  latratu  hunc'  invaserunt,  tamen  ut  blandientis  He  reflects 

a  on  the  dif- 

vocem  audierunt  mox  esse  iUius  ex  eo  tantummodo  *  ferenoe 

DetWAAn  tnA 

reticentes  agnoverunt.'    Tunc  ille   seciun   ex  profimdo  men  and  the 

cordis  suspirio  ingemiscens  ait,  "  O  sseva  propinquonim 

''  meorum  vesania,  in  caninam  seevitiam  de  dilectionis 

"  humanitate  mutata !  Nam  iniationabilis  canum  natura 

"  humanitatis  mihi  dilectionem  cauda  blandienti  exhi- 

'^  buit;  propinquitas   vero   humanitatis^  oblita,  canum 

"  mihi  infestantium  severitatem  inseruit;  sic  improbus 

"  ordo  amborum  in  utrisque  mutavit  justam  viam."^ 

7.  Intellexit  igitur  ille  avitus  humani  generis  inimicus  The  devil 

.•  A  ''i.  •••1  tries  to  cir- 

memoratum  luvenem  ^  per  sinistros  nuncios  mvidorum  cumvent 

ii.  ■.  •  iii>i  •  nun  witn 

sodauum  quos  miserat  pravis  voluntatibus  suis  parum  temptation 
cessisse,  quibus  in  eum^   insidianubus  armis   dimicare 
inchoavit ;  sed  ^  quanta  sibi  temptamentorum  ^  luctamina 
ingesserit^  sequens  libelli  hujus  pagina  partim  intimabit. 
Frimum    enim   miQierum  illi  injedt  amorem,  quo  per 
famUiares  mulierum^^  amplexus  mundanis  oblectamen- 
tis   fineretur.     Interea   propinquus  ipsius   -^Hfheagus/^  ||jhop 
cognomine  calvus^   prsBSul  quoque   fidelis,    petitionibus  jjtemnta  to 
multis  et  spiritualibus   monitis   eum   rocavit   ut  fieret*>«»mea 

*  ,  ,  ®  monk. 

monachus.  Quod  ille  instinctu  prsefati  fraudatoris 
renuncians,  maluit  sponsare  juvenculam  cujus  quotidie 
blanditiis  foveretur,  quam  more  monachorum  bidentinis 
indui  panniculis.  Ut  autem  vir  Dei  verba  abnuentis  ^* 
audivit,  mox  ex  imo  pectoris  suspirio  petivit  regna 
supenm  regentem  quatinus  iUi  inferret  correctionum 
suarum  judicia;^  ut  cujus  monita  tempneret  acriter 
agnosceret';    quod,  Deo  misericorditer  favente,  in  parvi 


1  Atfjic]  earn,  B. 

3  esse  .  .  tafiticm  modo"]  onL  B. 
'  affMuenmt']   hqmannm    animal 
intellexenmt,  B. 
^  humanitatu]  hmnanitatem,  B. 
^  gic  ,  .  viam]  om.  B« 
*  memoratumjuvenem]  eum,  B. 
<f  etwi]  ipeom,  B. 


^  sed]  nnde»  B. 

'  temptamentorum  ]  pofltmodom 
tormentorom,  B. 

1^  mulierum']  earam,  B. 

1*  Elfheah,  or  Elphege,  the  Bald, 
bishop  of  WinoheBter,  934-951. 

^  verba  aimuentia']  tr.  B. 

^jtuKcia']  indicia,  B. 


14 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


^ftera        momenti  spatio  factum  comprobatur  fuisse.     Eo  namque 

shaipillnesfl  ^       ^  .  *  ,  .  ,  * 

j^unatan      modo   turffentium   vesicarum    dolor   intolerabilis   omne 

oeoomesa  ... 

moiik.         corpus  ipsius  obtexit,  ut  elephantinum  morbum  se  pati 

putaret,    et  spem   vitae   proprise   penitus  non  haberet. 

Tunc  festinanter,  magno  angore  correptus-^  misit,  et  ad 

se  pontificem  jam  ante  a  se^  spretum,  humili  prece 

vocavit  et  obedire   se    velle   ejus    salutaribus  monitis 

nimtiavit;    at    ille    visitando    veniens    consolatum    et 

emendatum  Deo  monachum  consecravit. 

8.  Pius  igitur  et  misericors  Dominus   servum   Suum 

Dunstanum  ab  amore  mulierum  taliter  miseratus  retraxit, 

Qui,  ut  historise  tradunt,  Johannem  apostolum  et  evange- 

listam  specialiter  Sibi  dilectum  a  thalamis  nuptiarum  re- 

vocavit.'    Cum  hac  ergo  Dei  correctione*  et  beati  antistitis 

iElfheagi  documento  salutari,  sanioris  effectus  esset  intel- 

ligentieB,  nonnimquam  post  ejusdem  pontificis*  almitati 

gratia  saluberrimse  doctrinse  causaque  parentela^  sedula 

He  goes       adhaerebat  continuatione.     Interea  religiosi  Wintonien-  \ 

Eif^totho  sium  cives  invitarimt  eundem  Dei  pontificem  ad  quandam 

of  a  church  novsB  ecclesisB  dcdicationcm  quam  in  sua  civitate  Win- 
near  the  ,  «  .  1  IT    •  1  •     ' 

westMrteof  tonia  qua ^  regimen  prsesulatus  ^  ipse  tenebat,  pro  summi  ) 
Numinis®  reverentia  condiderant  in  parte  meridiana 
popularis  plateae  quae  nunc  ecclesia®  ocddentali  portee 
omnibus  ecclesiis  vicinior  perhibetur  esse.  In  cujus 
consecratione  affuit  inter  alios  plures  cum  pontifice^® 
etiam  Dunstanus  cum  "  prsecipuis  imus.  Qua  dedicata^* 
coegerunt  more  humanitatis  virum  venerandum  cum 
suis  ^'    ad   parata   caritatis  **   convivia,   ketum  ^*  diem 


^  fesUnanter ^  .  correptiui]  tr.  B. ; 
demum,  ins.  B. 

^  ante  a  se]  antea,  B. 

3  Qui  .  .  revocavW]  at  secundum 
Johannem  quondam  a  nuptiarum 
thalamis  revocatum  privilegio  amoris 
prscipui  eum  sibi  prasdestinaret,  B. 

^  hoc  .  .  correctUme]  tr.  B. 

'  post .  .  pontxficiM]  postea  ejus,  B. 

•  Wintmia  qua]  id  est  Wintonia 
quo,  B. 


7  ^m]  om.  B. 
B  NumxRia]  Nominis,  K 
>  ecdeM]  om.  B. 
1^  cvm  poni\fice]  om.  B. 
"  cvm\  e,  B. 

1'  Qua  dedicata'}  dedicata  autem 
ecclesia,  B. 
^'  virum  .  .  suW]  pontifieem,  B. 
^^  caritatis]  ire,  ins.  B. 
^*  l€ttum]  lietumque,  B. 


AUCTORE  B. 


15 


pro  tanti   viri  veneratione   proque^  consecrationis  du- On  their  w- 
centes    celebritate.'       Pontifex   autem    post    gratiarum  the  festiTai 
actiones  cum  suis  imminente '  jam  nocte^  surrexit,  et  the  church 
data  benedictione  convivantibiis'^  tarn  viris  quam  foeminis,  eory. 
Deum   benedicendo  ad  propria  remeavit;  et  venerunt 
incedentes  per  viam  ad  SBCclesiam  beato  papse  Gregorio 
consecratam.      Ibique   subsistens    episcopus  dixit  beato 
bmistaao,    <<  Compleamus   hie    apud   oratorium   sancti 
"  patris  nostri  Gregorii  nostram  completorii  horam/'    Et 
accesserunt  post  voces   orationum  jungentes  capita  sua 
in    unum,    quo   confessiones    suas   solita    consuetudine 
vicissim    proderent.      Qua  peracta,    dum    daretur    ab  where  they 

,  ..  .  h*ve  ft  mi* 

episcopo  delictorum  remissio,  lapis  permagnus  ab  alto  racuious 
aere  irruit  et,  parcente  Domino,  inter  utraque  capita^ 
vehementi  lapsu  in  terram  corruit;  tantumque  tangens 
capillos  utriusque  capitis  ^  nullum  eorum  Isesit ;  quem,  ni 
fallor,  ille  malignus  cujusque  justi  operis  inimicus,  ex 
improbitatis  suae  jaculis  furiendo  ^  dejecit,  quasi  geminam 
iram  in  utrisque  foret  ulturus. 

9.  Contigit  autem  hisdem  temporibus  quendam  Glesto-  wuUred  ft 
niensis  secclesise  diaconem  nomine  Wulfredum,^  mortem  Giftstonbury 
subiisse  temporalem ;  qui  beato  Dunstano  tempore  dum  i^r  death 
viveret,^®  prselatus  pariter  exstitit  et  familiaris  amator. 
Hie  ergo  non  admodum^^  longo  tempore  post  discessum 
apparuit  ei    pandens  multa    de    ooelestibus    incognita, 
insuper  etiam  omnem  seriem  ^^  vitae  suse,  suseque  fiiturse 
setatis  et  eventuum  bonorum  malorumve  &ta  ^'  diffiniens. 


1  tanti  .  .  proque"]  om.  B. 

'  dueentea  celebrUcUe']  celebritate 
dncere,  B. 

'  Pontifex  .  .  tmmifi€iite]  immi- 
nente  igitnr,  B. 

^  node]  gratiarum  agena  actiones, 
ina.  B. 

*  contnvaniilfU$'\  conTiviis,  B. 

*  capita]  eorum,  ins.  R 

7  utnuMque  eapitte]  om.  B. 


^Jitriendo]  furiendo,  Boll. 

»  Wulfredum]  Wuluredum,  B. 

1®  tenqtore  .  .  viveret]  om.  B. 

"  admodum]  om.  B. 

1'  incognita  .  .  eeriem]  et  omnis, 
B.  For  pandens  the  Bollandists 
read  gandens. 

^  nueque  .  .fata]  oonversationem 
sive  prosperam  sive  sinistram,  B. 


16  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 

i>™fltMi      Auditis  vero  ^  beatus  vir  tantis  mysteriorum  luminibus. 

oaks  a  sign.  ,  ,         . 

of  the  *™*^  talibusque  inevitabilibus  vitse  suae  casibus,  ait  in  excessu 
lation.  mentis  positus  -}  "  Si  quae  certo  relatu  affirmas  vera  sunt 
"  et  credenda,  unde  cognoscam  ?  Quibus  signis  patulaa 
''  demonstrationis  ^  ilia  mihi  patebiint  ? "  At  ille  duxit 
eum  in  atrium  templi  quo  corpora  defunctorum  humata 
quiescimt,  digitoque^  demonstravit  in  australi  ecdesisB- 
parte  locum  inconvulsum  et  dixit,  "  Quia  hsec  quae  tibi 
"  retuli  vera  sunt  evidenter  scito,  quia  hoc  in  loco  ante 
"  triduum  presbyter  quidam  sepelietur,  et  nondum  infir- 
"  matur;  corpusculum  vero  ejus  ab  occidentali  parte 
"  tempU  prsesentis  tumulandum  deferetur."  Ad  banc 
visionis  vocem  beatus  expergefactus  Dunstanus,  postque 
horam  primam  diei  memor  mirse  revelationis,  cum-  qui- 
busdam  in  prsenotatum  sibi  spiritaliter  cimiterii  locum 
venit,  necnon*  accipiens  lapidem  unum  jactabilem,  in 
The  sign  eum  ®  projcdt,  hocque^  addidit,  "Si  vera  sunt  quae 
fuifliment.  "  in  somnis  vidi,  quidam  presbyter  hie  ante  triduum 
"  debet  humari."  Porro  recedentibus  illis  venit  cujusdam 
iSthelflsedaB,  nobilissimse  ac  religiosissimse  matronae, 
magister  et  sacerdos  cum  alio .  sociorum  contubemio,  et 
obtinuit  sibi  inter  aliqua  eloquiorum  famina  eundem 
locum  in  sepulturam,  dicens,  "  Cum  mortuus  fiiero,  hie 
"  precor  sepelite  me."  Erat  siquidem  ipse  multorum 
testimonio  adhuc  in  corpore  sanus,  sed  cum  inde  post 
paucum  abiissent,  gravi  morbo  finitimad  vitse  sarcinatus 
est.  Deinde  in  nocte  futura  extremum  spiritum 
Christo  Domino  commendavit,  et  ante  triduxmi  in  ipso 
suae  electionis  loco,  qui  beato  Dunstano  prius  assignatus 
fuerat,  sepultus  est. 

Tunc  Domini  servus  sensit  per  saecula  faustus 
Talibus  ex  signis  foerant  quia  cuncta  futura 
Quae  sibi  jam  dictus  Wulfred  sermone  ferebat; 


1  Auditis  vero^  Ad  quse,  B. 
'  tantis  .  .  positus"]  qnamyis  ob- 
stupefjEictiiB  respondit  diceiiB,  B. 
»  iUa]  om.  B. 


*  digitoquel  illi,  ins^  B. 
^  necnon]  neene,  B. 
^  in  eum]  pro  signo  inibi,  B. 
7  hocque]  dicendo,  iuB.  B. 


AUCTORE  B. 


17 


Visibus  atque  istis  humilis  sapiensque  beatus,         faSSiSJS* 
Felix  et  validus,  cautus  castusque  refulsit,  thest^ot 

Ante  Deum  vel  ante  homines  per  tempora  vitse.^    Sth^da. 

10.  Niinc^  coeptum  sermonem  paulatim  differendo 
intermitto,'  donee  qusedam  brevia  verba  quse  omittenda 
non  autumo  parvo  proferam  eloquio.  Erat  namque^ 
qusedam  prsedives  matrona,  regali  ex  progenie  orta,  sed 
strictis  nodis  divinse  religionis  innexa,  cujus  nomen  brevi 
mentionis  attactu  nuper  contigimus.  Hsec  post  amissum 
virum  vitam  ducere  vidualem  pro  virium  quaUtate  de- 
siderans,  casulas  sibi  commanendi  in  affinitate  saeri 
tempK  ad  plagam  oocidentalem «  constituit,  ut  pro  regni 
coelestis  desiderio  ibidem  Domino  Jesu  Christo  die 
noctuque  non   desisteret  famulari.      Huie  vero  semper  she  bniit 

herself  ft 

beatus  adhserebat  Dunstanus,  qui  banc  ^  prse  cseteris  modis  house  at 

.  Glaston- 

mirabilibus  adamavit ;    ejusque    causa  religionis  simul  bury,  vrhere 
etiam  propinquitatis  egestatem  sedulo  sublevavit.    Non  tamed  the 
est  autem  nostrse   possibiUtatis   enarrare    per    singula "' 
verborum    eloquia,  qualem   vel   quantam  se   in  divinis 
prsepararet  obsequiis.    Dominus  tamen  omnium  inspector 
secretorum,  tarn  in  ultimis  metae  Suae  temporibus,  quam 
etiam  dum  in   hoc   mimdo   deguit/  cujus   esset  meriti 
declaravit.     Hsec  igitur  omne  semen  regium,  de  quo  ipsa 
nobilitatis    originem    duxit,    intimo  ^    caritatis    ardore 
dilexit,  ideoque  gratia   dulcedinis    de  suis   ssepe  rebus 
regibus   ministravit.*      Ex  hac   ergo  pia  consuetudine  ^^^®^' 
glorioso  regi  iEthelstano  prandium  quod  potuit  obvia -^^  ^^Jj^hw 
prseparavit,  quia^*  hunc  causa  precaminum  Glestoniam  J^^tg  J^ 


.  *  T\ine  .  .  vita"]  Tunc  senms 
Domini  ordinem  rerelationis  proba- 
bilem  experimento  didicerat,  quern 
ei  prsfiitaii  vir  prophetico  sennone 
prsdixerat.  Ex  hoc  igitur  populo 
numifestabator  quanta)  sanctitatis 
Tir  apud  Omnipotentem  habebatur, 
6.  Here  again  the  form  of  a  se- 
quence is  observable. 
'  nunc]  itaque,  ins.  6. 


'  intermitto']  intermittam,  B. 

*  namque]  itaque,  B. 

^  €ui  .  .  ocddentalem]  om.  B. 

*  qui  kanc]  quia  huno,  B. 
'  deguit]  degeret,  B. 
^-intimo]  nimio,  B. 

*  Hsec  naiiatio  habetur  in  librode 
miraculis  beates  Marise.  B.  in  marg. 

»  obvia]  obviam,  B. 
'*  quia}  quoniam,  B. 

B 


18  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 

see  whether  venisse   prsBscivit,      Scientes   vero  ministrationis  rcffisB 

she  has 

proviaion     prsBvisores  quod  dedisset  rex  nepti   suae  divertendi  ad 
entertain     86  promissam.  venenuit  die  praecedenti  ad  videndum  si 

his  retinue :  ,    ,  •*■ 

they  find      omnia  paratuum   ministeria  habilia   fuissent   vel  apta. 

a  scarcity  •  .  . 

of  mead.  Et  conspectis  omiiibus  dixenmt  ad  illam,  "Universse 
''  ministrationis  suffidentiam  babes,  si  tibi  medonis 
"  liquor  non  defiierit."  At  ilia :  "  Non  patiatur  domina 
"  mea  sancta  Mater  Domini  mei  Jesu  Cbristi  Maria, 
"  ut  iUe  mihi  vel  quid  in  regia  dignitate  deficiat."  Et 
haec  dicens  antiquam  Dei  genitrids  Marise  ecdesiam 
quantodus  intravit,  seseque  ibi  rogatura  prostravit,  diu 
deposcens  supemi  Regis  opulentissimum  sibi  adesse  sup- 
plemoitum  ad  augendam  regis  mini^trationem.  Quid 
ergo  ?  Venit  rex  stipatus  multo  ^  comitatu  ad  tempus 
prsefinitum,  et  post  precum  Missarumque  celebrationes 
to  th?^^***  Isetus  invitatum  introivit  ad  prandium.  Et  tunc  quidem 
v^Jind  ^  primo  propinatu  exhausere  illud  vas  medonis  ad  xmius 
suro^.**  paiiiiulae  ^  mensuram  ;  et  sic  postea,  Deo  augente  et  beata 
promerente  matrona,  nil  minuens  substitit,  pincemis,  ut 
assolet  in  regalibus  conviviis,  comibus,  sdphis,  aliisque 
indiscretse  quantitatis  vasibus  totum  diem  ^  propinanti- 
bus.  Quod  dum  mirabile  factum  rex  ipse  relatu  minis- 
trantiimi  audisset,  ait  mente  inmutatus  ad  suos,  ''  Pecca- 
**  vimus,  nimis  banc  famulam  Dei  superfluitate  multi- 
'*  tudinis  nostrse  adgravantes."  Et  surgens  salutata  nepti 
subit*  viam  suam. 
i>'matan  n.  Coepit  autcm  haec  famula  Dei,®  transacto  beati 

waits  on  her  ,    ,  *  , 

inher last  ccrtaminis  cursu,  proximante  jam  fine,  ex  humano  jure 
graviter  infirmari:  cui  beatus  Dunstanus  causam  provi- 
dendi  solers  exhibuit,  et  quasi  propriam  matrem  unice 
custodivit.  Contigit  ergo  his  impedientibus  curis,  ip- 
sum  horis  vespeiiinalibus  abesse,  et  cum  psallentibus 
more  solito  non  ^sse  catervis:  ipso  tamen  finiti  diei 
crepusculo,  ciun  se  sequentibus  ^  scolasticis,  ibat  ad  jam 
obseratam   ecdesiam   ut  tardatum   compleret   officium. 


'  stipatus  multo']  tr.  6. 
^  pabnula]  pahnso,  B. 
'  totum  diem'}  toto  die,  B. 


4 


subit"]  ivit,  B. 
^famuld  Dei]  tr.  B. 
^  Be  sequentibus']  tr.  B. 


AUCTOBE   B.  19 

Et   dum   foris  ante   ostium    ecclesise    psallendi   sratiaHeseesa 

b6ftutiftil 

staret,    vidit   eminus   ex  oiienlis  coeli  dimatibus   pro- white  do?e 
rumpentem  niyeam  columbam,  mira^  pulchritudine  et^m 
nova  specie  renitentem.     Erant  vero  eztremitates  alarum 
suarum  igni  scintillanti  consimiles,  ex  quibus  volatum 
fulmineum   ictuantibus   pemiis   sparsim  fundebant   per 
aera ;  quae  ad  beatae  matronae  atria  celeri  meatu  convo- 
lavit.     Beatus  autem  Dunstanus,  infirmaB  amicae   non 
imnemor,  continuo  perpletis^  psabnodiis  regressus   est^ 
et  veniens   audivit  illam  intra  suorum   septa   velami- 
num  seriis   sermonibus,   quasi    cum   quodam    familiari 
amico,   per   vices   verborum    sermocinantem.      Accessit  He  finds 
ergo  humane  ad  consedentes   ancillulas,  observatrices '  ennged  in 

J        .  ,        .  ,  1  •    .  X   ^"^^  with  a 

dommae  suae,  et  mirans  cum  quo  loqueretur  interrogat.  penonin- 
At  illae  se  nescire  dixerunt^  sed  "Antequam  in"  in- 
quiunt,  "  venires,  immensi  splendoris  jubar  totum  hoc 
''  cubiculum  rutilando  replevit;  et  postea  cessante  lu- 
"  mine,  ipsa^  ut  ipse  nunc  audis,  loqui  erga  loquentem 
"  non  cessavit."  Tunc  quidem  paulatim  et  ipse  spec- 
tando  resedit,  donee  ilia  quodammodo  a  loquela  qui- 
esceret.  Et  dum  ea  etiam  ab  eloquio  quievisset,^  mox  ad 
illam  rejectis  velaminum  anfractibus  intravit,  et  cum 
quo  loqueretur  ipsam  familiariter  interrogavit.  At  ilia 
dixit  ad  eum,  "Tu  quoque  ilium,  antequam  hue  '^G'?^^. 
"  niret,^  venientem  vidisti,  et  nunc  cum  quo  sim  locuta  the  peiwm 

.  V  1  •      ••!  •  with  whom 

"  mterrogas  ?    Ipse  emm  mecum   loquebatur,  qui  tibi  ■^"J^"" 
''  psallenti  dum  stabas  ante  ostium  ecdesiae  apparuit ;  thebeing 
"  qui   et  mihi   modo  omnem  exitus  mei  rationem  pergeKonthe 
'*  ordinem  nunciavit.     Yobis  tamen   amicis  meis  non 
"  est  admodum  necesse  contristari  de  me,  quoniam  mihi 
"  morienti^    Dei   mei    misericordia  obibit   et  paradisi 
"  gaudia  misericorditer  intrare   concedet.    Tibi  autem 
"  quasi  singularis  amicae  ministro,^  id  opens  impono,  ut 


^  mira]  siqaidem,  ins.  B. 
'  perj^tis^  completis,  B. 
'  obaervatricui]  yidelioet,  ins.  B. 
*  Et  ,  ,  quie^sset]  Foetqnam  au- 
tem (laieyity  B. 


*  venirei]  yenires,  Boll. 

*  mUu  morientt]  me  morientemyB. 
7  qwui  .  .  mniatro]  tr.  B. 

B  2 


20 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


"  tu  quoque^  mane  mature  mihi  facias  balneas  accele- 
dte^^hSr  "  rare,  et  funerea  vestimenta  quse  mecum  sum  habitura 
last  wishes.  «  praeparare,  postque  corporis  lavationem  missas  cele- 
"  brare,  et  mox  tempore  partidpationis  Sacri  Sanguinis 
"  Corporisque*  Domini  nostri  Jesu  Christi  communio- 
"  nem  acciperq,  ut  sic  eodem  momento  viam  universse 
"  nationis,  Domino  ducente^  incedam."  Quod  ille  in- 
stantissime  parens  in  omnibus  beatae  matronse  prseceptis 
ne  ultimam  prsejussionis  suse  custodiam,  tsedio  quoque 
tarditatis  submissam,  torpenti  curse  committeret,  adim- 
plevit.'  Sed  et  ilia  quod  sibi  de  se  in  nocte  hoc  in 
die  futurum  [erat  ostensum]  ordine  quo  preedixerat 
certissime  complevit,  ita  inquam  ut  post^  missae  mys- 
terium,  post^  saluberrimum  Eucharistise  gustum,  ipsa^ 
pariter  cum  finita  missa  vitam  felicem  in  Domino  Jesu 
Christo  finiret.^ 

Tunc  preevisor  ovans  animam  cum  sorte  propinqua 
Commisit  Domino,  tumulans  sub  honore  cadaver, 
Et  sua  dat  Sanctis  sicut  antea  ipsa  volebat 
Oorpore  dum  vixit.     Sed  et  assecla  liber  abibat, 
Optans  hoc  Domini  requiescat  ut  in  suavitate.® 


She  dies. 


Dnnstui 
finds  time 
formuslo 
and  point- 
ing. 


12,  Hie  etiam  ^  inter  sacra  litterarum  studia,  ut  in  om- 
nibus esset  idoneus,  artem  scribendi  necnon  citharizandi 
pariterque  pingendi  peritiam  diHgenter  excoluit,  a^ue 
ut  ita  dicam,  omnium  rerum  utensilium  vigil  inspector 
effulsit.  Quapropter  nobilis  qusedam  matrona  ^thel- 
wynn    nuncupata   quodam   momentulo    vocavit**  eum 


^  tu  quoque]  om.  B. 

'  Corpcrisque']  ac  Corporis,  B. 

'  adm^evW]  bene  adimplere  dis- 
poenit,  B. 

^  Sed  .  .  poet]  Mane  autem  jam 
&cto  sicnt  ipsa  pnedixerat  in  ves- 
pere,  post,  B. 

^  post]  postque,  B. 

*  ipsa]  om.  B. 

^jhiret]  finivit,  B. 

"  TVfic  .  .  suavitate]  Tunc  pne- 
Tisor  ovans  animam  cum  propinqua 


sorte  commisit  Domino,  oinerem 
cineri  commendans,  omni  dignita- 
tnm  obsequio  insnper  etiam  hoc  af- 
fectani  dominse,  ut  requiescat  in 
pace.  Deinoeps  yero  egentes  quos- 
que  in  unnm  conglomerayit,  et  sub- 
stantiam  dominss  sun,  ut  ipsa  yoye- 
rat,  non  solum  eis  erogayit,  yemm 
etiam  ubi  ubi  ad  ezaltanda  Dei 
officia,  prout  potuit,  distribuit.    B. 

'  ettam]  itaque,  B. 

*®  voeavit]  eyocavit,  B. 


^  o 


AUCTORE  B.  21 

familiari  precatu  ad  se,  quatenus  ille  ^  ad  diviniun  cul-  -«thdwyim 
turn  quandam  etolam  dbi*  diversis  formularum  8cema-Ss£; 
tibus  ipse'  prsBpingeret,  quam  postea  posset  auro  gem- Jj^'^* 
misque  variando  pompare.    Quod  cum  yeniendo  fecisset, 
sumpsit  secum  ex  more  cytharam  suam  quam  lingua 
^rj  patema^hearpam*  vocamus,  quo  se  temp^bus  altemis 
mentesque  ad  se'  tendentium  jocundaretur  in  ilia.    Tunc 
quippe   quadam   die   post  prandium,   dum  ^   iterata 
opera  tam  ipse  quam  prsedicta  matrona  cum  suis  opera- 
tricibus   reverterentur,  ex  eventu  mirabUi  contigit  ut 
hsBC   eadem  beati  tyronis  cithara,  pendens  in  cubilis  •  J^j^j jj^ 
pariete,  audientibus  cunctis,  sponte  sua  sine  tactu  cu-^*2i?hem 
jusquam   jubUationis    modulum   alta   voce   personaret. '^y**"^- 
Hujus  enim  antiphonse  melodiam  concinendo  personuit, 
et  ad  finem  usque  serie  cantando  perduxit,   "Gaudent 
'<  in  coelis  animae  sanctorum  qui  Christi  vestigia  sunt 
"  secuti ;   et   quia   pro   Ejus   amore   sanguinem    suum 
"  fuderunt;  ideo  cum  Christo  regnabunt  in  setemum." 
Quod  cum  audissent,  perterriti  ^  tam  ipse  quam  memo- 
rata  matrona,'  omnesque  operatrices  ipsius  obliviscentes 
omnino  operum  in  manibus,^  attoniti  sese^invicem  as- 
pidebant,   satis  mirantes   quid   illud  mirabile   gestum 
novi  prsefiguraret  exempli. 

13.  Deinde  autem  defuncto  rege  ^thelstano  '^  et  statu  nuxisten 
regni  mutato,  regis  succedentis,  Eadmundi  scilicet,  sub-  oounaeUor 
limitas  beatum   Dunstanum,   qui^'  vitae   probabilis  etEdmimd. 
linguae  extiterat  eruditaa,  conspectibus  ejus  adesse  prse- 
cepit,  ut  etiam  ipse'  inter  regios  proceres  et  palatinos 
principes  annumeraretur^  electus.    His  ille  imperils  te- 


1  iTZe]  mi,  B. 
'  tibi]  om.  B. 
'  (pte]  om.  B. 

*  kearpam']  harpam,  Boll. 

*  «e]  om.  B. 

*  culniis']  om.  B. 

7  perterriti]  om.  B. 


B  memonUa  matrona]  ipsa,  B. 

'  operum  in  manibus]  opera  ma- 
numn,  B. 

*^  Athelstan  died  at  Gloucester, 
Oct.  27,  940.     Chr.  S. 

"  9«t]  qaoniam,  B. 

^  amiumeraretw]  enomeraretur,B. 


fr 


22 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


DutTOf 

obeouent 

servioftto 

princes. 


1 


mere  non  resistens,  sed  ^  memor  potitis  Domini  prsecepti,  b.  Matt. 

quae  regis  erant  regi,  quse  autem  Dei  Deo  reddere  festi- 

tinavit.     Similiter  autem  *  beati  Jacobi  apostoli  admo- 

nitus  jussione*   omni  humanse   creaturae,*   maximeque 

potenti  se  subdere  non  cessavit,*^  "  sive  regi  quasi  prae- 

"  cellenti,  sive  ducibus  tanquam  ab  eo  missis  ad  vindic- 

"  tarn  malorum  laudem  vero  bononun,"  etc. ;  non  minus  i8.Pet.u. 

xs 

vero,  ni  fallor,  beati  Pauli  apostoli  in&a  comminiscens 

qid  ait,  "Omnis  anima  potestatibus  sublimioribus  sub- 

"  dita  est ;  non   est  enim   potestas  nisi   a  Deo ;   quae 

"  autem  sunt  a  Deo  ordinata  sunt ;  itaque  qui  resistit 

"  potestati  Dei  ordinationi  resistit;  qui   autem   resis- 

"  tunt   ipsi   sibi   damnationem  acquirunt."     Et  iterum,  Eom.  xm.  i. 

"  Reddite  ergo,  fratres,  omnibus  debita,   cui  tributum, 

"  tributum ;  cui  vectigaJ,  vectigal ;   cui  timorem,  timo- 

"  rem ;  cui  honotem,  honorem :"  et  item  huic  eidem  apo-  Bom.xiiL7. 

stolo  in  ipsa  sua  electione  Dominus   dicebat,  "Durum 

"  est  tibi  contra  potestatis  Meae    stimulum    calcitrare."^<^ts^5- 

Haec  enim  et  hiis  similia  sacrarum  Scripturarum  prse- 


N 


cepta  beatus  Dunstanus  in  sinu  _cordiB  sui  diligenter      i 
Dunstan*8    abscondit   ne   peccaret   Domino;   sed    in   mandatorum 

resolutions    -n*  i«/»-i_  ••  i.j»  V* 

about  boha-  Iiijus   cloquia   faucibusque   ipsius   super   mel   et  favum    \ 


4-' 


\ 


A' 


viour  at 
court. 


dulciora,   lucemam   Veri   luminis    pedibus   suis   quibus  ^ 

vias  Domini  ambularet,  disposuit.  Et  postquam®  se  \^ 
mandatis  Dei  sui  cordatius^  edoctum  vel  illumina- 
tum®  agnoverat,  juravit  secum  et  firmiter  statuit  in 
cordium  suorum  ®  secretis,  custodire  ^^  fine  tenus  judicia 
justitise  Suae,  ut  idem  Dominus  de  hac  eadem  sen- 
tentia  alibi  dicebat,"  "Qui  perseveraverit  usque  in ^ Matt. x 
"  finem,  hie  salvus  erit ; "  et  iterum,  "  Esto  fidelis  usque 


i\ 


'  sed]  sabito,  B. 

^poHua  .  .  aitteoi]  om.  B. 

^  apostoli  .  .  jussione]  ammoni- 
tioniB  '*  subjecti  estote,'^  B. 

**  creaiurai]  propter  Denm,  ins.  B. 

^  maximeque  .  .  cessavif]  om.  B. 

^  Non  minus  .  .  postquam"]  regiae 
potestati  se  sabdidit,  quia,  B. 


7  cordatius]  cordetenns,  B. 

"  vel  illuminatujn']  om.  B. 

^  cordium  suorum']  cordis  sui,  B. 

'**  custodire]  se,  ins.  B. 

^^  ut .  .  dicebat]  reminiscens  banc 
etiam  sententiam  alibi  Dominom 
aaditoribus  suis  dixisse,  B. 


AUCTORE  B. 


23 


Ser.aio. 


*'  ad  mortem^  et  dabo  tibi  coronam  vitse."     Sic  namquenisTirtuous 

1  -t      •  T.!*     •■!_         •  !•  life  there. 

quamvis  labonose,  una  emu   suDlimiDus   in   regau  pa- 
latio   diu   degebat,    binas    habenas    sacro    moderamine 
tenens,   legs  videlicet  et  theoricaB   necn6n_  et  practicae 
vitee.^    Videntes  vero  nonntdli  commorantium  militum 
banc  conversignis*  suae  constantiam,  ccepemnt  eum  nnica 
caritatis    dulcedine    vel    germanitatis    amore    diligere. 
Perplures   autem    e   contrario,  nebulosis  mentibus  ob- 
ducti,  coepere  eiindem  Dei  virum  amarissimo  odio  va^Hw enemies 
nitatis^  detestari,  et  prosperitatibus  ipsius  morte  tenus  ^'•W?>"^ 
invidere.     Bfi  nimirum  exsecratores  in  augmentum  ma-  fsnce. 
litisB  suae  quoscunque  alios  poterant  ad  persequendum 
etiam   famulum    Dei  deposcebant.     Tamdiu  enim  circa 
iUum  torserunt  funiculnm  iniquitatis  eorum^  seipsos  po- 
tins  in  eo  nexuri  quam  illum^  ut  ipsum  regem  infec- 
turn  vitiis  ipsorum  attaminarent,'  et  credulum  fallaciis 
eonim  efficerent ;  *  qui  continuo,  ut  prius  fiierat  ab  ini- 
quis    instructus,   magno    furore    permotus,    jussit  eum 
ablata   dignitate   etiam    omni   honore   privari,   et   sibi 
senioratum  ubi  vellet  sine  se  suisque  conquirere.    Erant  whilst  the 
autem  apud  Ceodrum  "  ubi  haec  facta  fuerant  viri  vene-  Cheddar  he 
rabiles,  regni  videlicet  orientis  nuncii,  cum  rege  tunc  •from  it. 
hospitantes,  quos  ille  quasi  jam  exilio  deputatus^  aliud 
sibi   ignorans   consilium^  aggressus   est   id  orans  ne  se 
^  relictmn  a  rege  ipsi^  desererent,  sed  secum  ad  patriam 

incolatum   perducerent.     At  illi  moestitise 
)mpatientes  spoponderunt  ei  quaeque  regni    sui 
commoda  si  secum  comitaturus  adiret. 


sibi   ignorans 
^ -jj  ^  relictmn  a  reg 

/a     ^  /    qmfinvis   ad  ii 
/     ipsius  compati< 


14.  Ibat  itaque  rex  mox  ^  altera  die  quo  se  una  cum  The  king 
suis  more  solito  jocundaretur  venabulo ;  et  dum  ad  silvas  and  follows 

.       .  •       i     J*  n  1         » stag  alone. 

venatun  pervemunt  diversos  calles  nemorosorum  tra- 
mitum  certatim  arripiunt.     Et  ecce  ex  multimodo  cor- 


^  viUt]  om.  B. 

'  conversionig^  convcraationis,  B. 
3  attaminarenf]  fallereut,  B. 
*  efficerent']  afficerent,  B. 


^  Ceodrum]     Ceodrian,     Boll. ; 
Ceoddrum,  B. 
^  tunc]  om.  B. 
7  ipsi]  ibi,  B, 
"  mox]  om.  B. 


/^ 


24  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 

• 

niculantium  strepitu  canumque  latratu,  multi  cervorum 

Md  d***^      levem  fiigam  inierunt ;  ex  quibus  rex  solus  cum  canum 

TOodpSe*  caterva   unum   sibi   venaturus^   excepit;  et   hunc   diu 

per  diversa  devia   equina  agilitate   canumque   insecta- 

tione  fatigavit.     Est  autem  ibi  in  proximis  locis  Ceod- 

dri,  quoddam  inter  alia  plura  prsecisi  montis  prsecipir 

tium,  mira  quidem  et  immensa  profimditate  devexum ; 

ad  quod  idem  cervus^  nescio  quo  pacto  nisi  ex  Dei  esset 

occulto^  arbitrio,  Cugiendo  devenit;   et  prseceps  sese  in 

v^lma  -ejusdem    prsecipitii    una    cum    canibus    sequenti- 

bus  demersit,'  et  particulatim  attriti  in  mortem  pa- 

riter    corruerunt.      Similiter    autem     et    rex    sequens 

cervum   et   canes,   cum   magno   volantis    equi    impetu 

venit,   et   statim   viso   prsecipitio    cursum    accelerantis 

The  king's    equi  quantiuB  quibat  viribus  retinere  conatus  est.     Sed 

bimatfuu    quomam  com  contumacis  et  ngidse   cervicis   erat  non 

them :  he     potuit.     Quid  multa  ?    Omni    spe   vitaa   susb  ablata  in 

SrepKrea  for  , 

ouhby     manus  Dei   sui   animam   commendavit,    dicens    tamen 

of  the  intra  se,  ''Gratias  Tibi  ago,  Altissime,  quod  me  non 
toD!5i.C  «  memini  aliquem  his  diebus  tesisse,  nisi  solum  Dun- 
ne  escapes.  «  stanum,  et  hoc  prompta  voluntate  et  vita  servata 
"  reconcilians  sibi  emendabo."  Ad  quod  dictum, 
beati  viri  mentis,  restitit  equus,  quod  jam  horret 
dicere,  in  ultimo  prsecipitii  cespite,  ubi  pedes  priores 
equi  ipsius  pene  fuerant  in  ima^  voraginis  ruituri. 
Tunc  ille  corde  pariter  et  ore  maximas  Deo  pro  vitea 
suse  restitutione  gratias  referebat  et  laudes,  secum 
plane  intelligens,  et  ssepius  in  cordium  suorum  secretis* 
recompensans,  se.  esse  pro  tanti  viri  vindicta  finitimse 
morti  ferme  deputatum ;  et  veniens  domum  jussit  sibi 
propere  beatum  Dunstanum  magna  cum  festinatione 
advocare.  Qui  ciun  vocatus  venisset,^  ait  ad  eum  rex, 
"  Festina  quantocius  prsBparare  tibi  caballum,  ut  possis 
"  meciun   parvo   comitatu    quo    iturus    sum  ire."     Et 


^  uenaturus']  venaturum,  B. 
^  easet  occulta']  tr.  B. 
'  demerai]  dimersit,  B. 
*  pent  .  .  ima]  tr.  B. 


'  cordium  suorum  aecretis]  corde 
BUO,  B. 

*  venisaet]  adyeniflnet,  B. 


AUCTORE  B.  25 

oontinuo,  ascensis   equis,   viam  quse   dudt  Glestoniam  He  makes 
recto  tramite  tenuenmt :  et  cum  ^  illuc  ducatu  pervene-  abbot  of 
rant  secdesias  Dei  ut  oportuit  oraturi  intrayemiit.     Et  buiy. 
statim  predbus  impletis  tersisque  ocellis  e  laciymarum 
rivTilis,  rex  iterate  vocaverat  ad  se  famulum  Dei  Diin- 
stanmn  et,  adprehensa   ejus   dextera,  causa  placatioms 
seu  etiam  dignitatis  osculatus  est  illam,  ducensque  ad 
sacerdotalem  cathedram  et  imponens  '  ilium  in  eam,  et 
dixit,  "  Esto  sedis  istius  princeps  potensque  insessor,  et 
prsesentis  secdesiae  fidelissimus  abbas;  et  quicquid  tibi 
ad  divini  cultus  augmentum  vd  ad  sacrsa  regulse  sup- 
plementum    de   propria   adminiculatione    defiierit,   ego 
•illud  regia  largitate  devote  supplebo." 

15.  Ifitur  post  hiec  servus  Dei  Dunstanus  jam  dictam  Hiibeha-  '   • 

dignitatem  jussu  regis  regendi  gratia  suscepit ;  et  hoc  ^^^^ 
prsedicto  modo  saluberrimam  sancti  Benedicti  sequens 
institutionem,  primus  abbas  Anglicse  natioms  enituit: 
deque  spontaneum  ex  affectu  cordis  famulatum^  Deo 
reddere  devovebat.  Tunc  ergo  *  perprudens  opilio,  pri- 
mum  scepta  daustrorum  monasticis  sedificiis  cseterisque 
^  inmunitionibus,  ut  jam  olim  a  quodam  sene  sibi  de- 
notatum per  revelationem  fuerat,  ex  omni  parte  firmiter  Hisbuiid- 
munivit;  ubi  ovcs  Dominicas  longe  lateque  gregatim 
coUectas,  ne  a  lupo  invidbili  dilaniarentur,  induderet: 
j     '  Deinde  idem  Dei   dogmatizator  adgregatum  coenobimn 

dbique  commissum  diyini  verbi  coepit  fomento  nutrire, 
et  fonte  supemo,  sacrse  scilicet  Scripturse  mellifiuo  do- 
cumento  potare,  docens  per  angoreas  hujus  vitse  se- 
mitas  ad  setemas  delicias  epularum  coelestium  esse 
trandendum.  Patet  namque  omnibus  pene'  circum- 
quaque  fiddibus,  quod  post  paucorum  annorum  inter- 
capedines,^  disdpuli  quos  ipse  teneros  in  verae  fidei 
vitem,    Christum    videlicet    Dominimi    sudando    inse- 


>  cwKfi]  nt,  B. ;  ducatu,  om.  B. 
*  et  imponens\  imposniti^  B. 

>  Sicque  .  .  famulatiim]    tr.  B. ; 
cordis  Boi,  B. 


^  ergo]  om.  B. 

*  pene"]  om.  B. 

*  intercapedines]  carricula,  B. 


26  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 

Promotion^  ruerat,    ubertiin    crescebant,   et  fructum    boni    operis 

papiis.        morigena  venustate  ferebant;  quodque  post  haec  plu- 

rimi  ecdesiarum  pastores  docmnentis  illius  et  exemplis 

instructi,  ad   diversas  jam   civitates   vel  ad  alia  saac-. 

torum    loca   petebanttir,    electi    ut    essent    inibi    sacri 

regiminis  et  normaB  justitidB  imbutores,  praBpositi  vide- 

licet/   decani,   abbates,   episcopi,   etiam  *    archiepiscopi, 

'  caeteris*  ordinibus   prsBstantissimi.      Quicunque  autem 

f  de  discipulatu  ipsius,  isdem  temporibus  corporeis  nexi- 

bus  fine  tenus  enodati^  necem  subierant  inevitabilem, 
alta  polorum  gaudia  procul  dubio  petierunt. 

The  devil         16.  Cumque  vetemus  invisor  mente  perspicad  compe- ' 

in  the  form  riret  quod  beatus  pater,  equidem  Dunstanus  *  tantas  sibi 

turmas  diripiendo  e  manibus  extorsisset,  fraudibus  qui- 

buscunque   valuit    adversari    sibi,    sicut   jam    superius 

loqui  coepimus,  diebus  ac  noctibus  non  cessavit.     Nam 

quadam  nocte,  dum  adleta*  Dei  in&a  scepta  claustro- 

rum  psalmodiis  vigiliisque  constans  immoraretiir,  appa- 

ruit  ei  Dei  et  hominum   inimicus,  hispidus   et  horrens 

in  ursina  specie,  volens  eum   quodammodo  torva  ima- 

ginatione   perterrere,®  et   ab  opere   satis  sibi    contrario 

dolositatis  industria  aliqiiatenus    dissociare.     Sed   cum 

agonista  Dei   monstrum   hoc   inimicale   spiritali  magis 

quam  corporali  ^  intuitu  perspexisset,  eo  securior  ®  incep- 

tis  Dei  laudibus  velut  vir  'invictus  perduravit.     Postea 

autem  parvo  intermisso  momento  adfuit  illi  iterum  non 

and  in  the    in  priori  lusionis  effigie,  sed  in    canina  satis  sibi   con- 
form of  a  '^  ,  i     i»         J  •      •  •  •!  • 

dog.  digna  specie,  ut   sunt   fraudes   ipsius   in   omnibus  im- 

probse ;  quatinus  hunc  simulata  canum  saevitia  impedi- 
endo  deluderet  et  ab  orationis  studio,  si  quo  potuisset 
ingenio,  sequestraret.  Nequidquam  tamen  tenax  ille 
temptator  in  famulum  Dei  nefandis  versutise  suae  frau- 


1  videlicet]  om.  B. 
^  etiam]  om.  B. 

*  cateria]  demum,  ins.  B. 

*  beatus  .  .  Dunatanus]  om.  B. 


*  adleta]  adhleta,  B. 

*  perterrere']  perterere,  A. 

7  corporali]  carnali,  B. 

8  securior]  secarius,  B. 


AUCrOEE  B. 


27 


dibus  insaixivit  ;  quem  imdique  amis  fidei  fulcitum  v^^ 
fiiisse  comprobavit ;  ideoqiie  ex  eodem  prsBdicto  sanctae 
cruds  spicule,  quod  secum  semper  chyra^  dextra  eon- 
vehebat,  repercussus  adnihilatus  est.  Sed  et  ipse  nihil- 
ominus  in  laudem  *  Christi  sui  spretis  adversarii  temp- 
tamentis  manebat  intrepidus.  Addidit  quoque  idem 
perfidus  draco  more  vipereo  tertio  reserpere,  probans  si 
forte  adhuc  virum  Dei  remissions  animi  ad  vincendum 
invenisset:   et   tunc  quidem  ex  improba  cordis  compo- a  third  time 

•  ,•  j*i*i^  1  1  ii«he  comes  as 

sitione  sese  mutavit  m  turpem  vulpeculam,  ut  vel  sic  a  fox  and  is 
fiBunulum  Dei '  cauda  quatienti  varioque  discursu  ab  in- 
tentione  Dei  sui  everteret.  Quem  cum  beatus  pater 
Dunstanus  ^  toties  transmutatum  vidisset,  subridens 
dixit  iUi,  "Vade  jam,  inimice,  quia  nunc  tibimet  satis 
"  similis  effectus  apparuisti,"  factoque  crucis  signaculo 
inimicus  dispartdt. 

17.  His   et  hujuscemodi  armis^  larvalibus   ssepe  se-oncewhiint 
ductor  antiquus  beatum  patrem  Dimstanum,  licet  inani  S^^he 
coniiictu,  fatigavit :  velut  etiam  tempore  quodam  dum  in  s.  Georm 
orationis  •  opere  ante  altare  martyris  Christi  Georgii  vigi-  looks  over 

ijjji'*~T'x*j.  i.  ^  shoulder 

lando  desudaret.  Ignoratur  itaque  quo  casu,  utrum  ex  in  the  shape 
prse&ti  fraudatoris  injectione,  an  ex  vigiliarum  continua- 
tione,  sed  ibi  subito  inter  psallentia  verba  levis  soporis 
dormitio  inrepserat  ipsum  ;  visumque  est  illi,  nee,  ut  ita 
dicam,  penitus  vigilanti  neque  penitus  dormionti,  quod 
hyspidus  ursus,  ingens  et  horribilis,  magno  cum  impetu 
veniret,  poneretque  pedes  horrendos  ad  dilaniandum 
prseparatos,  super  utrumque  humerum  iUius  sedentis, 
avido  quoque  hyatu  superstans,  quasi  ^  ad  devorandum 
eum.  Cumque  vir  Dei  ex  inlato  terrore  Amditus  evi- 
gilaret,  arripuit  quantocius  quem  secum  semper  manu  * 
advehebat  baculum,  nisus  ex  humano  furore  nefandum 


^  cJu/ra]  om.  B. 

'  hudem]  lande,  B. 

^famulum  Det]  eum,  B. 

*  beatus  ,  .  Dunstcutus']  om.  B. 


^  armW]  figuris,  B. 

"  ored'ofiw]  oedem  operationis,  B. 


7  quasi"]  om.  B. 


28 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANL 


Dunsten      moDstrum  percutere;  ictu  tamen  supervacuo  percussit 

strikes  in      j.  t  .   .  .  ^  ,  i 

vain  with  a  tempu  panetem,  maximum  plausum  per  omne  templum 
driTeshim   audientibus  reddens.     Ipse  autem  in  se  regrediens^  va- 

away  witn     i*-!**  •••ji  •  t  ^^      »  i 

a  psalm,      lidioris  pugnsB  congressus  iniit,  nunc  videlicet  psalmum 

sacri  certaminis  decantando,  ''  Exsurgat  Deus/'  usque  ps.  ixTiii.  i. 
"  sic  pereant  peccatores  a  fade  Dei,"  ^  ut  supra ;  nam 
eo  in  loco  superatus  a  somno  psaUendi  studium  dere- 
liquit,  et  confestim,  ut  aiunt,  in  hoc  resumpto  psalmo- 
dio,  ille  nebulosus  illusor  agnitus  est  velut  umbra  niger- 
rima  in  prsedicto  scemate  confusus  abscedere. 


wuuricthe      18.  Erat  namque  huic  eidem  *  viro  Dei  ex  humana  pa- 
Bonstan      rcntum  propagationc  quidam  germanus  fi*ater,  nomine 
"■•  Wulfricus,'  quem  sibi  forinsecus  in  villarum  suarum  ne- 

gotiis  potentem  prsepositum^  ne  vel  ipse  vel  quispiam  ex 
monastica  professione  foris  vagaretur,  inepta  rei  ssBCularis 
discursione,  constituit.  Hie  nempe  post  emensum  tem- 
poris  sui  spatium^  letali  conditione  prseventus,  tempora- 
lem  necem  obiendo  subibat.  Hac  de  causa  contigit 
omnes  prsescripti  templi  monachos  ad  fdnus  ipsius  exisse ; 
nullumque  excepto  abbate  solo  parvoque  scolastico,  qui 
postea  pontifex  effectus  base  nobis  intimavit,  domi  re- 
mansisse,  ut  cum  sacris  exequiis  exanime  corpus  ad 
monasterium  quo  tumulaturum  erat  perducerent.  In- 
terea  abbas  cum  eodem  scolastico  ambulabat  ad  viden- 
dum,  ut  autumo,  si  jam  fi*atres  cum  defuncti  corpus- 
A  stone  is  culo  propinquasscnt.  Et  dum  semper  ex  more  psaUentes 
Dunstan  by  inccderent,  venit  ex  inproviso  ultra  antiquam  secclesiam 
quoddam  missile  saxums,  vehementi  volatu  conans^  beati 
patris  caput  coUidere;  sed  Deo  defendente  nequibat; 
verumtamen  pilleum  quo  caput  velabat^  procul  quasi 
perticam  unam  a  capite  decussum,  projecit.     Qui  con- 


super* 

natural 
agency. 


^  usque  .  .  Det]  et  dissipeotor 
inimid  Ejus  et  fugiant  qm  oderunt 
Bum  a  facie  Ejus,  stent  deficit  fumos 
deficiant ;  sicat  floit  cera  a  fade  ignis 


sic  pereant  peccatores  a  &cie  Dei, 
B. 

'  eidem]  idem,  A. ;  om.  B. 

a  Wuifricus]  Wuluricufl,  B. 

*  canane']  conatu,  A. 


AUCTORE  B. 


29 


versus  dixit  secum  incedenti  scolastico,   ''Accelera  ergoHeeflcopes 
"  et  cape   quantocius  hoc   rotabile   saxmn,  ut  deferas  the  stone  to: 

be  keot  in 

"  emn  conspidendum  ad  me."      Quod  cum   ille  nimis  memory  of 

J  •  J.  •        •        1  1  1.        i       ..the event. 

ponderosum  ex  jussu  patns  vix  elevando  reveneret,  ait 
venerandus  pater  Dunstanus,  ''  O  adversans  inimice ! 
"  jamdiu  ex  industria  maligna  hujus  mihi  lapidis  ictum 
"  insidians  prseparabas."  Non  enim  erat^  testimonium 
multorum,  hujusmodi  lapis  admodum  magnus  vel  mo- 
dicus  in  hiis  Sumersetensium  finibus,  nisi  forte  in  qui- 
buslibet  lapideis  operibus ;  et  idcirco  palam  patuit  de 
cujus  improba  manu  emissus  prosilivit.^  Yerumtamen 
post  hsec  jussit  ipsum  saxum,  licet  in  sui  detrimentum 
missum  fiusset,  custodise  invectum  quasi  pro  testimonio 
reservare. 

19.  Perempto  i£^tur  rege  Eadmundo'  ab  iniquo  clep-  Edredbe- 
tore,  mox  prSxiinS  l«erXEad«eduB  videUcet,'  regn,4  ^^ 
naturale  fratrem  succedendo  suscepit.     Hie  itaque  in  his  chief 
sublimitate  roboratus  beatum  patrem  Dunstanum  tanto 
caritatis   ardore  dilexit,  jit  nullum  poene   ex  primatu 
sibi^  prsBtulisset.     At   contra  vir   Dei,  ut   diligenti  se 
vicem  amoris  ab  intimo  cordis  affectu  rependeret,  om- 
nium sibi  carissimum  solita  appellatione  regem  ^  accla- 
mavit.     Ex  hac  quippe  caritatis  fiducia,  commisit  illi 
rex  optima  quseque  suorum  suppellectiliimi,  quamplures 
scilicet  rurales   cartulas,^  etiam   veteres   praecedentium 
regum  thesauros,  necnon  et  diversas  propriee  adeptionis 
suse  gazas,  sub  munimine  monasterii  sui  fideliter  cus- 
todiendum.  i  Et  dum   post   meantia  tempora  felix  vir,  Edredpro- 

1       *  *  Doees  to 

senex  scilicet  ^thelgar,  Chrydionensis  sacdesise  prsesul/  make  him 
camali  lege  coactus,  vitam  in  Christo  finiret,  persuasit  Crediton. 
jam    dictus   rex  virum  Dei  Dunstanum    crebris  horta- 
mentis,  quatenus  orbatum  patre  pontificatum  sub  cura 


m 

^ 


'^      i- 


/ 


U 
I 


>^ 


^''.  ' 


^  Non  .  .  pronlivii]  om.  B. 

>  Edmnnd   was   kiUed   in   946. 
Chr.  S. 

>  mdelicef]  om.  B. 

*  pcene  .  .  mbt]  tr.  B. 


*  regem]  om.  B. 

*  carttdeui]  ac,  ins.  B. 
'Ethelgar,  bishop   of  Crediton, 

934-958. 


30 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


Duiutan 
refuses. 


pastorali  ipse  ^  snscepissetl  At  ille  statim  *  fiacilis  sibi  * 

verbi  excusationem  rejecit,  inquiens  se  non  esse  hujus 

pastoralis   cutsb   prospectum    nee  adhue   tali  tantaque 

dignitate  idoneum,  quo  posset  tarn  latum  Christi  ovile 

probabili  cautela  sine  sui  exitio  custodire.     Hsec  et  his 

similia   contradicentium    sermonum  nonnumquam   regi 

opposuit,  donee  omnem   ejus   suasionem  penitus  abnu- 

endo    compesceret.      Yerumtamen    secretam  voluntatis 

illius  intentionem  nequaquam  adhue  mutare  prsevaluit ; 

quoniam  quern  prse  cseteris  altius  amabat,  hune  altioris 

excellentisB    fieri    cupiebat.     Quapropter   posuit  verba 

voluntatis   suae   in   ore   propriae  genitricis^  dieens  illi, 

SS^toCT   "  Volo,  O  mi  dilectisQima   mater,    ut  tu*  sub  prandii 

^th*Dun?®  "  ^^^   tempore   nostnmi  specialem  amicum  Dunstanum 

Stan,  but  m  «  tecum  habeas  invitatum;  et  dum  inter  teta  convivia 

blandis  vicissim  utimini  loquelis,  studeas  eum  fcami- 

naJi  facundia  adhortari,  quo  fiat  juxta  nostram  sugges- 

tionem  nuper  viduataa  ^  ecclesise  pontifex/'    Quod  cum 

ilia  nisibus  universis  fecisset,  non  potuit  eum.  a  pristino 

renunciationis  eloquio  remutare.     Consilio  tamen  ipsius 

Eifwddis    -ffilfwoldus/  vir  venerandus,  ob   pollentem   venustatem 

sortitus  est  ad  pontificatum  eundem. 

Dnnstui  20.  Nocte  itaque  subsequenti  visum  est  illi  per  noctur- 

of  i^eter,  nam  revelationem,®  quod,  cimi  prompto  comitatu  Bomam 
s:And^^  properare  deberet,  adparuerunt*  ipsi  in  viis  eisdem 
Petrus  et  Paulus  cum  Andrea,  pandentes  ei  diversa  et 
inopinata  eventuum  suorum  secreta,  finitoque  familiari 
apostolorum  ^^  colloquio,  Andreas  virga  quam  manu  ge- 
rebat  percussit  ilium  ictu  non  modico  dieens,  ''Hoc 
"  habeto   preemii   quod   apostolatus   nostri    consortium 


it 


u 


« 


^  ipse]  om.  B. 
3  statim]  om.  B. 

3  gibt]  ei,  B. 

4  Ead^fa,  widow  of  Edward  the 
Elder. 

s  tu]  om.  B. 

>  viduata]  vidaitate,  A. 


7  Elfwold,  bishop  of  Crediton, 
958-972. 

?per  .  .  revelationem]  om.  B. 

^properare  .  .  at^aruerunt] ten- 
derety  et  appaierent,  B. 

^  apastolomm]  om.  B. 


AUCJTORE   B. 


31 


V      ^ 


;-     % 


"  heri  recussando  tempsisti."     Statimque  expergefactus 

post  ictum^  requisivit  cubantem  coram  se  monachum, 

quis    ipsum  aero  virgulae  ictu  temere  percussisset.     -^^Bjjf^***^ 

Ule,  "  Nullus,"  inquit,  "  te   quiescentem   aliquo   percus-  b.  Andrew. 

''  sionis  tactu  me  sciente  contigerat."     Is  ergo  preeme- 

ditatus  ait,  ''Modo,  fill  mi^  scio,  modo  a  quo  sim  per- 

"  cuflsus  agnosco." 

Eratque,  proh  dolor,  rex  Eadrsedus  dilectus  Dun-  S^^S,^ 
stani  per  omne  tempus  imperii  sui  nimium  languens,  "* 
ita  ut  refectionis  tempore  sorpto  suceo  ciborum*  reli- 
quam  partem  parumper  dentibus  obtritam'  ab  ore 
rejecisset,  et  sic  ssepe  convivantibus  secum  militibus 
fcetentem  nausiam  exspuendo  fecisset.  Qui  licet  sic 
segrotantem  vitam  utcunque  diu  vivendo  in  abutenti 
corpore  pertraheret,  languor  tamen  augmentabilis  ssepius  , 

milleno   pgndere   invadendo  hunc  usque  ad  occubitum       '     '^ 

^-  mis^e  perduxit.     Tunc  ille   ex  longo  languore  anceps ^      '. 

propria  vibe,  misit  circumquaque   ad  oongregandas  fa- 
cultates    suas,   quas    dum   posset    spontaneo   liberoque  /v 

dictatu    ipse   suis   vivendo  disponeret ;  per  hoc  enim  ^jJSjf^, 
vir  Dei  Dunstanus,  velut  alii  regaliimi  gazarum  *  cus-  *»»  t^^®*- 
todes  ibat;  ut  quas  causa  custodiendi  secum  habuerat 
regi   reportaret.     Et   dum  post  aliquos  dies  viam  per 
quam  venerat  cum  sardnatis  facultatum  opibus  rever- 
teretur,  fiEicta  est  vox  ccelitus  emissa  dicens  illi,  ^'Ecce 
''  nunc  rex  EadrsBdus  obiit  in   pace."  ^    Ad  banc  ergo  Dunstan  mi- 
vocem    caballus   in  quo  vir  Dei  equitabat  subito  per-  warned^ 
cussus  interiit,  quia  non  valebat  sublimitatis  angelicse  death, 
sufferre  prsesentiam.    Et  cum  venisset^  repperit  regem 
sub  eodem  tempore  quo  angelus  ei  in  ipso  itinere  nun- 
ciavit,  morte  suprema  finitum ;  cujus  emissum  spiritum 
astantes   catervae   fidelium  pariterque    exanimes   artus 
more  mortalium  sepeliendos  conditori  Domino  sub  pacis 
requie  commendaverunt. 


*  poat  urfumj  om.  B.    ■ 

'  torpio  .  .  etftoncm]  sorbita  tan- 
torn  Borbitiiiziciila,  B. ;  sorto  soco, 
A. 


'  chtritam]  attritam,  B. 
^  regaUwn  g<uarum]  tr.  B. 
'  Edred  died  in  955 ;   Not.  23. 
Chr.  S. 


'    J 


,tr^:' 


L 


\  ^ 


32 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


\ 


u^ 


Edwysuo- 
ceeds. 


He  falls 
under  the 
influence 
of  two  bad 
women. 


On  the  day 
ofoorona^ 
tlonhe 
leaves  the 
royal  feaat 
to  join 
them. 


Dunstan 

andKine- 

Bie^goto 

bnnghim 

hack. 


21.  Post  hiinc  surrexit  Eadwig,  filius  videlicet^  Ead- 
mundi  regis^  setate  quidem  juvenis  parvaque  regnandi 
prudential  poUens,  Ucet  in  utra^ue  plebe  regum  numeroe 
nominaque  suppleret  erecius.  Buic  qusedam,  licet  na- 
ti^SSe'pSec^lsa,  mepti  tinen  mulier,  cum  adulta  fiUa  per 
nefandum  familiaritatis  lenocinium  sectando  inhserebat ; 
eotenus  videlicet  quo  sese  vel  etiam  natam  suam  sub 
conjugali  titulo  illius  innectendo  sociaret ;  quas  ille  ut 
aiunt  altematim,  quod  jam  pudet  dicere,  turpi  palpatu 
et  absque  pudore  utriusque  libidinose  tr^ctavit.  Et 
cum  tempore  statuto  ab  universia  Anglorum  principibus 
communi  electione  imgueretur  et  consecraretur  in  regem, 
die  eodem  post  regale  sacrse  institutionis  unguentum, 
repente  prosilivit  lascivus,  linquens  teta  convivia  vel 
decibiles  optimatum  suorum  consessiones,  ad  praBdictum 
luparum  palpamentum.'  Et  cum  vidisset  summus  pon- 
tificimi  Oda  regis  petulantiam,  maxime  in  consecrationis 
suae  die,  onmi  per  gyrum  consedenti  senatui  displicere, 
ait  coepiscopis  suis  et  cseteris  principibus,  "Eant,  oro,^ 
"  quilibet  ex  vobis  ad  reducendum  regem  quo  sit  suo- 
"  rum  satellitum,  ut  condecet,  in  hoc  regali  oonvivio* 
"  jocundus  consessor."  At  illi  molestiam  regis  vel 
mulierum  querimoniam  incurrisse  metuentes,  singuli  se 
subtrahentes  recussare  coeperunt.  Ad  extremum  vero 
elegerunt  ex  omnibus  duos  quos  animo  constantissi- 
mos  noverant,  Dunstanum  scilicet  abbatem,  et  Cyne- 
siimi^  episcopum  ejusdem  Dimstani^  consanguineum, 
ut  onmium  jussu  obtemperantes  regem  volentem  vel 
nolentem  reducerent  ad  relictam  sedem.  Et  ingressi 
juxta  principum  suorum  jussa,  invenerunt  regiam  coro- 
nam,  quae  miro  metaJlo  auri  vel  argenti  gemmarumque 


X 


1  videiicei]  om.  B. 

3  prudentia]  gratiai  B. 

'  luparum  palpamentum]  sceluB 
lenocinii,  B. ;  lupanarum  pulpamen- 
tum,  A. 


^  cro"]  qusso,  B. 
'  suorum  .  .  convwid]  tr.  B. 
'  Cynesium']  Kinsige,  bishop  of 
Lichfield,  949-968. 
7  ejusdem  Dunstant]  egos,  B. 


AUCTORE   B.  33 

m 

vario   nitore   conserta  splendebat,  procul   a  capite  ad  They  find 

•*■  ,  *  the  crown 

terram  usque  neglegenter  avulsam,  ipsumque  more  ma-  on  the 
ligno  inter  utrasque,  velut  in  vili   suillorum  volutabro, 
creberrime  volutantem ;  et  dixenmt/  "  Nostri  nos  pro- 
**  ceres  ad  te  rogitando  miserunt,  ut  eas  quantodus  ad 
"  condignum   sessionis   tuse    tricUniuny^  et   ne  spemas 
"  optimatum    tuorum    laetis    interesse    conviviis."     At  nungtan 
Dunstanus  pnmum  increpitans  mulierum  ineptias,  manu  back  to  the 
sua  dum  nollet  exsurgere,  et?  extraxit  eum  de  mcechali 
genearum    occubitu,    inpositoque   diademate   duxit*  se- 
cum,  licet  vi  a  mulieribus  raptum,  ad  regale  consortium. 

22.  Tunc  eadem  iEthaelgyvu  *  sic  erat  nomen  imomi-  Threats  of 

,.      •       •  i*^  1  X  Kthclglfu. 

mossB  muliens^  manes  orbes  ocuiorum  contra  veneran- 
dum  abbatem  ferventi  furore  retorsit,  inquiens  hujusmodi 
hominem  ultra  modum  esse  magnanimum  qui  regis  in 
secretum  temerarius  intraret.  Audivimus  enim  in  veter- 
nis  regum  libellis  Jezabelem  errore  gentilitatis  et  vi- 
pereo  veneno  perfusam  die  noctuque  ®  in  prophetas  Dei 
amara  detestatione  ssevisse,  et  in  mortem  usque  per- 
sequi  non  destitisse :  ita  et  hsec  inpudens  virago,  ex 
hac  die  prsadicta,  eodem  Jezabelis  flatu  venenifero  per- 
fusa,  licet  nomine  Christiano  uteretur  indigna,  virum 
Dei  Dunstanum  consiliis  inimicabilibus  persequi  non 
quievit,  quousque  pestiferam  execrationis  suse  volun- 
tatem  cum  adaucta  regis  inimicitia  adimpleret.     Tunc  nunstan'? 

,     .  ,  property  is 

ilia  ex  prsedicti  regis  consensu  omnem  illius  ordinis  Mized. 
honorem  omnemque  subpellectilis  sui  substantiam  suis 
legibus  subjugavit;  quinetiam,  urgente  regis  imperio 
ipsum  ad  incolatiun  calamitatis  celeriter  ipsa  ^  pnescrip- 
sit.  Non  enim  erat  hujus  furentis  foeminse  vesania 
adeo  adtendenda,  sed  discipulorum,  quos  ipse  teneros 
nectareo  dogmate  inbuendos  nutribat,  dancula  machi- 
natio  magis  stupenda ;  nam  et  ipsi  conspirationis  iniquse 


/^  • 


>  tUxeruni]  ei,  ins.  B. 

-  et]  om.  B. 

3  duxit"]  eum,  ins.  B. 


4 


JBthiBlffyvu]  ^thelgifu,  B. 
^  noctu]  nocte,  B. 
•  ipsa]  ire,  B. 

C 


34 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


gjj^^sub  occulta  fraude  assent»tores  fiiere,  qui  si  possent 
agMnsthim-.iiiiqua  ejus  dispendia  detestari  debuissent.  Et  dum 
{SnS?'*'  ejectores  ejusdem  cunctas  res  ecclesiasticas  ad  conscri- 
bendum  prospicerent,  ecce  in  parte  occidentali  ^  tempK 
aspera  vox  ridentis  diaboK,  quasi  vox  plaudentis  an- 
dllulae  audita  est.  Ad  quern  vir  Dei,  dum  quis  esset 
mente  perspexit,  "  NoK,"  inquit,  "  inimice,  tantum  gau- 
dere;  quia  quantum  nunc  in  recessu  meo  gaudebis, 
tantum  itenim  in  adventu,  dampnante   te  Deo,  tris- 


(( 


(( 


"  taberis." 


His  Mends 

are 

punished. 


He  sails 
toGhiul; 


23.  Quicunque  enim  amicorum  post  hsec  hunc  eundem 
virum  Dei,*  inJTisto  arbitrio  criminantis  foemime  ejec- 
tum,  causa  caritatis  vel  compatientise  hospitio  susce- 
perunt,  frementem  regis  iram  graviter  incurrerunt,  et 
propterea  insanos  fluctus  turbidi  sequoris  periculoso 
navigio  tranare,*  et  incerta  Galliarum  exilia  adire  co- 
actus  est.  Et  dum  velificata  veloci  quasi  *  tria  miliaria 
maris  ingressTis  fuisset,  venerunt  nuncii  ab  iniqua  po- 
pulatrice,*  ut  ferunt,  qui®  oculos  illius  si  in  his  maris 
littoribus  inventus  fuisset,^  eruendo  dempsissent.  Ipse 
autem  aequoreas  vias  ponti  caerulei  rapido  cursu  tran- 
siliens  venit  ad  ignotam  jam  regionem  dictu  Galliae,^ 
.  cujus  poene  loquelam  ritumque  ignorabat.  Sed  comi- 
tante  secum  misericordia  Dei  sui,  invenit  coram  quodam 
and  is  weU  teiTj©  illius  principc  gratiam,  qui  exmi  patemo  caritatis 
aifectu  sub  exilii  sui  tempore  custodivit.  Hie  itaque, 
quamvis  benigne  sub  ejusdem  principis  cura  foveretur 
cotidie,  assidua  tamen  mente  manebat  in  patria,  de 
qua  remotus  fuerat  sine  pietatis  censura.  Qui  etiam 
ssepe  habundantem  lacrymarum  imbrem    ex  oculorum 


therein 
his  exile. 


y 


^/^ 


^ 


,\- 


^r 


'  parte  occidentali]  tr.  B. 

*  hunc  .  .  Dei]  eum,  B. 
'  tranare"]  transirc,  B. 

*  veUficata  .  .  qwm]  yelis  in  al- 
turn  extensis,  quasi,  B. 


^  populatrice]  muliere ;  B.,  pcpa- 
latrice,  A. 

*  ut  ferunt  J  qui]  tr.  B. 

7  inventus  fuiaset']  inveniretnr,  B. 

^  regionem  .  .  GcUUai]  jam  regio- 
nem dictam  GaUiam,  B. 


AUCTORE   B.  .  35 

fluentis   io^remiscendo  deduxit,  quoties   constitutiis   in  He  has  a 

vision  aS" 

exsilio  ^  meminit  quantam  religionis  celsitudinem  in  sunng  him 
monasterio  dereliquit.  Et  dum  diu  in  mcesti  cordis  enemies  wiu 
meditatione  circa  rem  hujusmodi  cogitaret,*  eoce  qua-  prevail, 
dam  nocte  vidit  visione  notissima  dormiendo  quod 
jam  mente  peravida  ambiebat  vigilando ;  hoc  dumtaxat 
quod  more  solito  fuisset  in  monasterio  una  cum  astante 
fratrum  caterva,  dum  laudes  vespertinales  psallendo 
persolverent  canerentque  post  novissimum  canticmn^ 
''  Magnificat  quoque  ^  anima  mea  Dominum/'  banc  anti- 
phonam,  "  Quare  detraxistis  sermonibus  veritatis,  ad  in- 
"  crepandum  verba  componitis  et  subvertere  nitimini 
Job  vL  26.  "  amicum  vestrum,  verumptamen  .  .  .  ,  "  hoc  in  loco  visi 
sunt  omnes  pariter  r^licto  cantu  penitus  reticere,  neque 
ulterius  eam  ullo  modo  posse  verbo  vel  voce  perfinire, 
quamvis  caaso  labore  multoties  iteratam  nonnisi  ad 
eundem  locimi  cantando  perducerent ;  et  nunquam  duo  * 
finitima  verba  modulantes  admitterent.  At  ille  per 
eandem  viaionem  increpans  eos,  "Cur,"  inquit,  "ad 
"  perfiniendam  antiphonam  non  vultis  dioere  '  quae  cogi- 
"  '  tastifl  explete  V  "  Mox  ille  divinum  responsum  ex  alia 
parte  perpendit  sub  hac  voce,  "  Ideo,  inquam,  quia  num- 
"  quam  quod  mente  moliuntur  implebunt;  ut  te  quo- 
"  que^  ab  hujus  monasterii  potestate  auferendo  evel- 
"  lant."  Et  evigilans  post  visxmi  gratias  egit  consolanti 
se  Altissimo.  Patuit  quippe  ex  hac  certissima  revela- 
tione,  quod,  sicut  superius  sermonibus  quibuslibet  com- 
memoravimus,  nonnulli  eorum  clanculi  persecutores 
iUius  exstitere. 
/         24.  Factum  est  autem  ut  rex  prsefatus  in  prsetere-  Edwy's 

/  A'T-  •  'x  T_  T  11'  J.       misKovem- 

/     untibus  annis  pemtus  a  brumau  populo  relinqueretur  ment. 
contemptus,  quoniam  in  commisso  regimine  insipienter 
egisset,  sagaces  vel  sapientes  odio  vanitatis  disperdens,  et 
ignaros  quosque  sibi  consimiles  studio  dilectionis  adsds- 


^  cmuHUsbu  in  exnlio]  om.  B. 
\  cogiiarei]  cogitaiat,  A* 
'  quoque]  om.  B. 


*  duo']  om.  B. 

*  quoque]  om.  B. 


c  2 


36 


VITA  SANCTI   DUNSTANI 


Edgar  is 
chosen  king 
bv  the  peo- 
ple north  of 
the  Thames. 


He  recalls 
Danstan. 


Death  of 
Edwy. 


Edgar  re- 
stores tho 
estates  of 
his  grand- 
mother. 


cens.  Hunc  ita  omnium  conspiratione  relictum,^  elegere 
sibi,  Deo  dictante,  Eadgarum^  ejusdem  Eadwigi  ger- 
manum  in  regem,  qui  virga  imperiali  injustos  juste 
percuteret,  benignos  autem  sub  eadem  sBquitatis  virgula 
pacifice  custodiret.  Sicque  imiverso  •  populo  testante 
publica  res  regum  ex  diffinitione  sagadum.  sejuncta^ 
est,  ut  famosum  flumen  Tamesse  regnum  disterminaret 
amborum.  Tunc  Eadgarus  a  prsedicto  populo  sic  sor- 
titus  ad  regnum,  misit  nutu  Dei  ad  revocandum  vene- 
randum  abbatem  ab  exoso  in  quo  degebat  exilio :  non 
inmemor  quantse  reverentise  fuerit*  antecessoribus  ip- 
sius,  quibus  secum  cum  salutifero  consilio  infatigabilem 
fidelis  obsequeke  famulatum  persolvit :  quem  '  ab  inco- 
latu  reductum^  omni  honore  dignitatis  ut  tantum 
oportuit  patrem  custodivit. 

Interea  germanus  ejusdem  Eadgari,  quia  justa  Dei 
sui  judicia  deviando  dereliquit,  novissimum  flatum 
misera  morte  exspiravit;  et  regnum  illius  ipse,  velut 
sequus  hseres  ab  utroque  populo  electus,  suscepit,  di- 
visaque  regnorum  jura  in  unum  sibi  sceptrum  sub- 
dendo  copulavit.  Hie  iterato  beatum  Dunstanum  in 
ademptum  ^  pristinse  dignitatis  honorem  restituit,®  simi- 
liter et  atavam  suam  et  nonnullos  alios  quos  frater 
ipsius,  in  eadem  antea  sublimitate  constitutus,  iniquo 
judicio  prsedari  prsecepit. 


S*wWdi  ^^'  ^^s*^®*  factus  est  magnus  sapientium  conventus  in 

Sosento^be  ^^^  ^^  vocatur  Brandanford,®  et  eo  in  loco  omnium  ex 

a  bishop,      electioue  ordinatus  est  Dunstanus  ad  episcopum,  eotenus 

maxime  quo  regali  prsesentiae  propter  provida  pruden- 

tiarum  suarum  consilia  jugiter  adfoisset.*  Et  dum  ritu 

regali /moribus  Deificis   rex  fuisset  a  beato  Dunstano^^ 

/ 


'  Hunc  .  .  reUctum]  Hoc  .  .  t&- 
licto,  B. 

^  On  the  date  of  Edwy's  death, 
see  the  remarks  in  the  Preface. 

'  sejuncia']  segregata,  B. 

*/ucn't']  cxtiterit,  B. 


^  quem"]  dum  aatem,  B. 

^  feductum']  reductos  faisset,  B. 

7  ademptum']  adeptum,  B. 

^  restiiuii']  constituit,  B. 

'  Brandanford]  Bradanford,  Boll. 

i<<  a  beato  Dunstano']  ab  co,  B. 


i 


»-l  « 


AUCTORE  B,  37 

vel  cseteris  sapientibus  decenter  instructus,  coepit  passim  Edgar's 

•  1  •  •      ,  .  -I      1  reforms. 

mprobos   oppnmere,  justos    ^uoque    et   modestos   puro 

pectore    diligere,  reges   et   tyrannos  circumquaque   sibi  ' 

Bubicere,   destructas  Dei  aecclesias  renovare  vel   ditare,  n 

et    ad    laudem   Summi    Numinis^  famulantes  catervas  Ji-'J^ 

adgregare,    omnemque   regionem   illius   sub    pacis  mu- 

nimine    regaliter    custodire.      Deinde    pastor   Wygori- Dunstuiisi 

censis    ecclesisB,   utpote    Cynewaldus    more    mortaliumofWoroeB-^ 

cursaque  vitae  temporalis  educto  succubuit,  et  suscepit 

beatus   pontifex  Dunstanus    constitutus  a   rege   hanc^ 

eandem  eodesiam   sub  solertia  pastorali  servandam ;  in 

qua  statim  verae  fidei  vitem  palmitemque  justitisB  sa-  /".  ,  ^^  r  v«^ » 

gaci    cultu    plantavit,  et  triticeum    Sanctae    Trinitatis  ^ 

semen  in  credentium  cordibus,  evulsis  errorum  tribulis, 

seminavit:  per  quod  post  praesentis  saecuU^metem  bo-      .^^^^ 

norum  operum  '  ad  vitam  jugiter  manentem  pervenirent 

indefppnes.     Yidens  itaque  rex  praenominatus  quod  com-  He  is  also 

•  T     •  •    •!  •  ••  1  1     1*    bishop  of 

I    missam  aecclesiam  pervigil  pastor  nte  regendo  custodi-  London. 

'  ret,  commisit  ei  Lundoniensem  aecclesiam,  pio  postea 
pastore  viduatam,  quo  plurimo  civitatis  illius  populo, 
nee  non  et  reliquae  Orientaliiun  Saxonum  multitudini, 
pontem  ^  etiam  ad  alta  polorum  cacumina  scandendi 
^praepararet.  Has  ille  geminas  aecclesias  j>er  multa  an- 
norum  transeuntium  tempora  sub  regimine  pontificalis 
excellentiae  curiose  regebat ;  et  utrique  gregi  viam  quae 
ducit  ad  vera  Jesu  Christi  ovilia  exemplo  pariter  et 
documento  monstravit. 

26.  Postquam    autem    mors    peravida    venerandum  ododies 
Odam,  metropolitanae  civitatis  archipraesulem  aecclesiae-  racoeeds.'^ 
que  Christi  rectorem,  ex  Adamica  conditione  consump- 
tum,^  insatiabili  voratu  finierat,  connumeratus  est  ^Ifsi- 
nus  Wintoniensium  pastor  ad  eandem  summi  sacerdotii 


/  ft  •' 


1  Numinial  Nominis,  B. 

'  kanc"}  om.  B. 

>  boHorum  operum]  om.  B. 


*  pimtem]  pontam,  A.  B. 

*  ex  .  .  consumptum]  om.  B. 


38  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

Eifdndifis   sedem.     Qui  cum  ex  summorum  pontificum   consuetu-     ' 

on  his  way  ,  ... 

to  Borne,     dine,  post  pallium   principalis  infdlse  Bomuleam  urbem 

contenderet  properare,  obftdt  illi  in  Alpinis  montibus 

maxima  nivis  difficultas;   quae  tanto  eiim   gelu  rigoris 

obstrinxerat,  ut  in  his  moriendo   deficeret,  et   regressi 

tumulato  pontifice^  ejusdem^  comitantes  tynmculi,  re- 

nunciavere   lacrymanti  relatu  tantum  sibi   infortunium 

in  prsedictis  montibus   contigisse.     Post  cujus   constmi- 

Bjjphthgm  mationem    elegere   Bjrrhtelmum,   Dorssetensium    praevi- 

canterbuiy.  sorem  ad  summum  sanctse  Dorobemensis  secclesise  sacer- 

dotem ;  et  erat  vir  iste  mitis  et  modestus   et   humilis, 

et  benignus,  in  tantum  ut  tumidos  quosque  vel  rebelles 

sub   correctionis   verbere  non,    ut   debuisset,  cohiberet. 

Est  namque  jus  rectonmi  ut  bene  bonos  custodiant,  et 

ad    meliora   quantum    queunt   viribus    universis   infor- 

ment;  reprobos  autem  et  rebelles  sub   asperitatis  cor- 

rectione  redarguant,  donee  eos  a  viis  vanitatmn   «,ver- 

£?deiS?      ^iS^^'     Comperiens  ergo  rex  quod   prsedictus   pontifex^    • 

Edgar.        "j^^q  j^jj^  prasscripta  in   commissa  sibi   plebe  mansues- 

cendo    minime  adimpleret,  jussit  eum  vias  "per  quas 

veniebat  redire  et  relictam  dignitatem   rursus   recipere 

DuDBtaa      possidendam.      Dehinc    constituit   ex    divino    respectu 

chosento  .  .,.        -,^ 

Canterbury,  et  sapicutum  consuio    Dunstauum,   quern  noverat  esse 

constantem,  ad  summum  praedictse  aecclesiae  sacerdotem. 

27.  Mox  ille  suscepto  sacerdotio  prolixa  itinera  quae 

summis    sunt  sacerdotibus    solita,   Romanam    prospero 

calle  tetendit  ad  urbem ;  eratque  Dominus  socius  itineris 

illius,  et  pura   fide  se   retinentem*  non   reliquit,  sicut 

He  goes  to    Ipse  per  prophetam  cuicunque  ®  fideli  repromisit,  dicens, 

the  pall.      "  Intellectum  tibi  dabo  et  instruam  te  in  via  hac  qua  Pa.  xxxu.  o. 

"  gradieris;  firmabo  super  te  oculos  Meos;"  et  iterum, 

"  Ego    ante    te    ibo,    et    gloriosos    terrae    humiliabo."  laa.  xiv.  2, 


*  pontifice']  eo,  B. 

2  ejusdem]  ipsiue,  B. 

'^  pradictus  pontijex"]  om.  B. 


^  se  retinentem]  tr.  B. 
*  cuicunque']  cuique,  B. 


AUCrORE  B. 


39 


Cmuque    longum    iter   properando    fecisset^   et  omnia  His  iibem- 

victualia,  quae  vel  equino  gestamine  vel  alia  conductione  way  pro- 

ferebant^  propnis  vel  alienis  hominibus  penitus  fuissent  stewvd. 

expensa,  ait  procuratori   suo,  ''Quid  nobis  administra- 

"  tionis   habes^  ad   noctis   hujus    sustentationem    con- 

"  ferendum  ? "   At  ille  stomachando  respondebat  dicens, 

"  Prorsus  nihil^  quia  tu   tibimet  nil  reservare   curabas^ 

"  dum  quicquid  victus   habere  videbamur  propriis  vel 

"  extemis    dapsili    jussu    distribueras."      Et    dixit   illi 

episcopus,  "NoU  quaeso  nimium  inde  turbari;  quoniam 

"  Christus   Dominus*   noster  erga  omnes   in    Se   cre- 

"  dentes   est   satis  largus    et  dives."     At   ille   rursum, 

"  Modo,"  inquit,  "videbis  quid  tibi  comessuro  Christus 

"  tuus  sub  hujus   noctis  spatio   sit  daturus."     Et  sur- 

rexit  pontifex,  quia  tempus  vespertinum  instabat,  ut  in 

lods  remotis  congrua  vespertinae  laudis  officia  adimple- 

ret.     Adhuc  enim  jam  dictus  procurator  stulto  mimnure 

postclamabat    dicens,    "Perge   oppido  adorare    tantum 

''  Christum  tuxmi,  nil   aliud  nostrae   necessitatis  adten- 

"  dens."    Erant  namque  in  hac'  eadem  villa,  qua  tunc  Hia  wants 

•       TV*  'T-'xi-i  'J  T  ftro  supplied 

vir  Dei  cum  suis  hospitabatur,  cujusdam  venerandibyaUnd 
abbatis  nuncii  triduo  beati  adventum  pontifids  prae-* 
stolantes ;  et  venerunt  priusquam  ille  coepta  vespertinae 
laudis  officia  cantando  perageret,  cum  opimis  gratiarum 
muneribus  omnibusque  regionis  illius  deliciis,  carita- 
tive  ex  ore  abbatis  fratrumque  suorum  fideli  phalange 
salutantes  episcopum.  Quas  ille  benedictionum  cari- 
tates  gratanter  accipiens,  resalutavit  gratiosum  abbatem 
cum  devoto  secum  morantium  fratrum^  contubemio. 
Postea  vero  ex  isdem*  muneribus  fratrum  quoque 
praedictorum  caritate  coUatis,®  diu  deliciose  properando 
vivebant:  ac  stulta  dehinc  murmuratio  procacis  mini- 
stri,  firma  ex  fide  pontificis  sic  superata,  quievit.  ' 


'  administrationis    hahes  ]    habes 
miniBtrationis,  B. 
'  DominuB]  Detts,  B. 
3  hoc]  om.  B. 


^  morantium  fratrum]  oommoran- 
tium,  B. 
*  itdem]  hisdem,  B. 
^fratrum  .  .  coUoHs']  om.  B. 


40  VITA   SANCTI   DUNSTANI 

Horeooivcs  28.  Tandem  ad  optatam  RomanaB  sedis  aecdesiam,  Do-  ; 
mino  ducente,  pervenit,  ubi  pallium  principale  sub  praesu- 
latus  privilegio,  una  cum  benedictione  apostolica  gloriose 
suscepit :  rursumque  locellis  sanctorum  lustratis  et  solatia 
Christ!  pauperibus,  per  pacis  itinera  ad  patriam  usque 
remeavit.  Et  cum  venisset  summus  Anglorum  pontifex, 
spiritali  charismate  affectus,^  coepit^  primum,  ut*  sub- 
limior  caeteris  sacerdotum  ordinibiis,*  sublimioribus 
Christi  servitutibus    se    subjugare ;  ne  cum   aliis  verse 

His  govern-  fidei  fomenta   ministraret,  vel   iter  rectum  ad   coelestia 

ment  as  ' 

archbishop,  yerbo  salutifcro  monstraret,  ipse,  ut  ait  apostolus,  re- 1  Cor.  ix. « 
probus  efficeretur,  propriaeque  prsedicationi  contrarius. 
Deinde  autem  destructa'  renovare,  neglecta  quaeque 
justificare,  loca  sancta  ditare,  justos  amare,  errantes  ad  ^ 
viam  revocare,  Dei  aecclesias  fabricare,  nomenque  veri 
pastoris  in  omnibus  adimplere. 
Hto  visions  29,  Ego  quidcm  si  die  noctuque  ^  millenos  sonos  fer- 
lations.  rea  lingua  contra  naturam  emitterem,  nequirem  utique  ^ 
omnia  beneficiosa  virtutum  suarum  opera,  quae  vel  ma- 
nifeste  vel  etiam  secrete  peregit,  prompsisse.®  Unum 
autem  ex  ipso  me  posse  referre  profiteor,  quod  quam- 
vis  hie  cameo  septus  velamine  deguisset  in  imis,  mente 
tamen  sive  vigilaret,  sive  somno  detentus  quiesceret, 
semper  manebat  in  superis,  ut  Faulus  ait  apostolus, 
"  Nostra  autem  conversatio  in  coelis  est."  Hoc  nimi- phu.iu.ao. 
rum  saepissime  patuit,  dum  divina  sacrorum  modu- 
laminum  cantica  quae  ab  hominibus  quidem  nunquam 
accepit,  sed  ex  beatis  supemae  regionis  civibus  per 
sopitalem  "^  revelationem  capaci  didicerat  intellectu, 
ut  haec  sequens  sententia  manifestat.  Quadam  nocte 
hujus  visionis   exemplar  post  pia  precum    studia  post- 


^  £t  .  .  affectiu]  cm.  B. 

'  caepit']  autem,  ins.  6. 

3  »<]  CO  quod,  B. 

^  ordinUms]  esset,  ins.  B. 

^  desiructa]  fe8tinavit,i  ns.  B. 

•  ad]  veritatis,  ins.  B. 


7  noctuque]  nocteqae,  B. 
^  utique]  om.  B. 
'  prompsiase]  promere,  B. 
*°  sopitalem]  sospitem,  B. ;  sopita- 
tern,  A. 


AUCTORE   B.  41     • 

que  novissimum  completorii  officium,  dum  beata  mem-  HisTiaioiiof 
bra  quieii  dedisset,  eerta  demonstratione  conspexit  marriago  to 
quomodo  propria  quae  se^  hide  mundo  ediderat  mater  king, 
cuidam  regi  prsepotenti  ad  conjugalem  sponsam  sub 
summo  principum  suorum  iestimonio  dotisque  sub 
titulo  copularetur  conjugio  ;*  et  ut  fieret  in  his  rega- 
libus  nuptiis  tanta  psaUentium  ketitia,  ut  omni  ex 
parte  jocundantes  miUtise  hymnum  suaviasimum  cum 
laude  sonora  eidem^  regi  modulando  personarent.  Et 
dum  hsec  diu  agerentur^  accessit  inter  psallentium  voces 
quidam  juvenis  niveo  vestitus  candore,  dicens  sub  ipsa 
visione  pontifici,  "  Nonne  vides  et  audis  quomodo  omnis 
«  ]me  ovans  multitudo  regem  magnum  in  turmis  suis* 
"  concrepando  glorificatur,  te  solo  silente  ?  Tu  quare 
"  in  prseconio  tanti  regis  condignas  laudes  ore  soluto 
"  nobiscum  non  resonas,  qui  prse  cseteris  prsecipue  gau- 
"  dere  deberes  pro  tanta  copulatione  parentis?"  Tunc 
ille  hujusmodi  carmina  se  nesdre  respondebat,  neque  ^ 
prorsus  quid  in  laude  regis  prselocuti  cantaret  igno- 
rasse.^  At  ille,  "  Vis,"  inquit,  "  ut  instruam  quid  te  can- 
"  tare  oporteat?"^  Et  dum  humili  professione  se  velle  Heistaoght 
.  testaretur,  mox  imbuit  eimi  hujus  exemplar  antiphonsB ;  S^^Im. 
"  O  Rex  gentium  dominator  omnium,  propter  sedem 
*'  majestatis  Tuje  da  nobis  indulgentiam,  rex  Christe, 
"  peccatorum.  Alleluia."®  Hac  etenim  ssepius  iterata, 
et  in  eadem  visione  bene  firmata,  murmur  gemabile 
expergefactus  emisit ;  sed  continuo  jussit  eam  littera- 
rum  in  memoria,  priusquam  oblivioni  daretur,  conscri- 
bere,  et  conscriptam  cuidam  monacho  tam  recentem 
didicisse®  prsecepit:  et  facto  mane  universos  sibi  sub- 
jectos,  tam   monachos  quam   etiam   clericos,  /ecit  banc 


'  se]  earn,  B. 

'  cof^ugio]  om.  B. 

'  eidem]  eodem,  A. 

^  in  ,  .  suU]  iatermisBius,  B. 

^  neque"]  et,  B. 


^  ignorasse]  ignorare,  B. 
<  oporteat]  oportet,  B. 
B  AUehtia]  om.  B. 
'  didicisse]  discere,  B. 


•    42  VITA  SANCn  DUNSTANI 

He  orders    discendo    personare :    ipso   semper   inter    modulantium 

the  anthem  *     .     .  \     *  j-        x       ..tt 

tobeieamed  voces  cum  nimio  rore  lacrymarum  dicente,  "  Verus  est 
monks.  "  enim  et  non  faJsxis,  qui  hanc  mihi  sonoram  modulatio- 
"  nem  ^  sub  noctis  hujus  visione  inbuendo  monstravit." 
Hinc  proculdubio,  sicut  jam  superius  diximus,  claruit, 
in  quibus  locorum  partibus,  dum  corpore  quiesceret, 
spiritu  felici  interim  ipse*  mansisset. 

Interpret^.        30.  Nunc  vellem    priusquam    hinc  loncdus  leffendo 

vision.        properarem,    pentxmi    mini  mterpretem  ad  nujus  mirse 

visionis   mihi  *   mysteriiun    coaptare ;    aut   si    quodam 

conamine    valuissem,    ipse    ejus    interpretationem    pro 

posse  virium,  licet  igne  tepenti  liquefactam^  exsolvere. 

Matrem   quoque   almi   pontificis,  magni   regis   conjugio 

copulatam,  sanctam  piito  designare  tecclesiam,  quae  vel 

ilium  vel   etiam*  alios  quamplures  more  matemo  per 

spiritalem   sacri   baptismatis   uterum  a   primi   parentis 

privilegio  regeneravit.    Ipsa  quidem,  qu8B  *  nunc  summo 

Dunstan's  '  regi,    Christo   videlicet  Domino,  per  vereB   fidei   agni- 

presents      tioucm,  perouc  divini   amoris  amplexum  velut   sponsa 

thechurcb.  .       '/      \  .    ,  f ,    .  r,        «  j 

conjuncta    viro    suo     inhaerere    videtur,    nsec®    eadem 

sancta  et  mater  secclesia  in  Cantica  Canticorum  clamat^    « 

"  Introduxit  me  rex  in  cubiculum  suum,  exsidtabimus 

"  et   laetabimur  in  te,  memores   uberum  tuorum   super  ovitio.  l  3. 

"  vinum :   recti    diligunt  te."     Et   iterum,  "  Introduxit 

"  me   rex  in   cellam  vinariam:   ordinavit  in   me   cari- 

"  tatem ;   fulcite    me    floribus,   stipate   me   malis,  quia 

"  amore  langueo.    Leeva  ejus  sub  capite  meo,  et  dextera 

itmaymean  "  illius  amplexabitur   me,"  etc.     Aliter  autem   autumoc*nt.ii.4-6. 

own  church,  matrem  ejusdem  almi  pontificis,  regi  prsecelso  in  matri- 
monio  conjunctam,  proprii  prsesulatus  secclesiam  posse 
designare,  quam   sub  manu  setemi  Regis,  Christi  vide- 


1  modulation  em']  om.  A. 
*-*  ipse']  om.  B. 
'  mihi]  om.  B. 


■•  etiam]  om.  B. 

* /jp«rt  .  .  qua]  sivcquod,  B. 

®  hac]  unde  hsBC,  B, 


AUCTORE  B.  43 

licet  Domini,^  matris  vice  custodiendam  ac  pura MVstioai 
virginitartis  integritate  solaturam  ^  susceperat,  at  idem  tion. 
Dominus  pro  populorum  piaculis,  crucis  in  patibulo 
affixus^  matrem  Suam  Virginem  virgiiii  discipulo  com- 
mendabat  dicens;  "Ecce  tibi  in  matrem  Meam  com- 
"  mitto  genitricem."  Turmas  quoque  nulitares^  regi 
suo  laudum  canticum  exsultando  perstrepentes,  super- 
nos  esse  isingelorum  cives,  qui  quandoque '  inimici 
hominum  ob  discordantem  delictorum  distantiam  ex- 
titerant,  non  diffido:  nunc  vero,  quoniam  coelestium 
simul  et  terrestrium  incolas  in  unam  patris  familiam 
conjunctos  esse  conspiciunt,  Deo  regi  vero  die  noctu- 
que  *  hujusmodi  carmina  canere  non  desistunt ;  "  Laudem 
"  dicite  Deo  nostro  omnes  sancti  Ejus,  et  qui  timetis 
"  eum  pusilli  et  magni,  quoniam  regnavit  Dominus 
"  Deus  noster  omnipotens  in  coelo,  pariter  et  in  terra: 
"  et   propterea*  gaudeamiis   et   exsultemus    et   demus 

BeT.xix.6.  "  gloriam  Ei."  Hanc  eandem  gloriam  coelestis  nulitias 
multitudo  nato  Domino  decantans^  in  excelsis  et  in 
terra   pacem   bonse   voluntatis  hominibus^   nunciabat; 

B^LukeiL  ipsam®  equidem  pacem  quam  beatus  apostoliis  expone- 
bat   dicens,  "Ipse   est   pax   nostra    Qui    fecit   utraque 

Bph.ii.i4.  "  unum,"  etc.    Quod  enim  juvenem  viderat  veste  nivea  The  hymn 

-  ,  was  dictated 

candentem,  partim  *  se  aspere  increpantem  quod  in  ^7^"^" 
praedicti  principis  laude  reticeret :  angelum  vel  custo-  dian  angei. 
dem  ipsius  esse  non  dubito,  qui  verbis  eum  spirita- 
libus  erudiendo  prsemonuit  ne  muti  canis  tacitumitate 
permitteret  latentem  inimicxmi,  furem  videlicet  diabo- 
lum,  animas  sibi  commissorum,  talentumve  Dei  sui 
furtim  prseripere :  sed  ut  ore  ^®  perpatulo  prsedicaret, 
et    pia    cordis    confessione    personaret    Christum    esse 


'  Chriati  .  .  Domini]  om.  B. 
^  sotaturam]  solandam,  B. 
^  quandoque']  quando,  B. 
*  noctuque]  nocteque,  B. 


'  decantans]  decantabat,  B. 
7  bones  .  .  homiminui]  tr.  B. 
^  ipsam]  ipsa,  A. 
'  partim]  panun,  B. 


*  in  caAo  .  .  propterea]  om.  B.        I       ^^  ore]  ora,  A. 


44 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


interprata-  refi^em  et  dominatorem  omniuin,  coelestium,  terrestrium 


hymn. 


Besides  liifl 

visioiiBof 

angelH, 


he  had  a 
▼ision  of  an 
evil  siiirit 
before  the 
death  of 
kinffBd- 
mund. 


Hia  com- 
panion Blf- 
stanalso 
aeesthe 
evil  spirit. 


et  infemonun ;  et  ut  Ipsxun  propter  sedem  nomenque 
majestatis  Suae,  piius  pro  suis  deinde  pro  popidorum 
delictis  interpellans  exoraret,  ut  eis  plus  peccatorum 
extitisset  indultor,  pro  quibus  Se  semel  Patemo  parens 
prsBcepto  offerre  uon  distulit. 

31.  His  modis  prsedictis^  ssepe  sacrorum  carminum 
modulamina  seu  caeteras  Deo  dedbiles  laudes  spiritu 
pervigili  ex  divinis  inbutoribus  didicerat,  quamvis  ejus 
humani  artus  in  somni  sopore  subacti  jacuissent,  ut  illud 
est  Salomonis,  "  Ego  dormio,  et  cor  meum  vigilat."  Et  Cant.v.2. 
iterum  propheta  Isaias  *  ait,  "  De  nocte  vigilat  spiritus 
"  meus  ad  Te  Domine,  quia  lux  mea  prsecepta  Tuaisa.xxTU9. 
"  sunt."  Qui  etiam  in  mundo  positus,  ipsos  humani 
generis  inimicos  claro  conspexit  intuitu,  ut  imminente 
miserrima  regis  Eadmundi  peremptione  declaratum  est. 
'Hie  itaque  rex,  dum  cum  suis  proprise  dignitatis  loca 
more  solito  convivaturus  lustraret,  contigit  beato  Dim- 
stano  adhuc  abbati  ejusdem  regis  interesse  comitatui,^ 
ad  cujusdam  primarii  ducis,  utpote  iElfetani,*  ipso*' 
in  itinere  proximum  esse  coequestrem.  Et  eace  re- 
pente  progressionis  viam  coram  se  aspiciens,  vidit  inter 
regios  tubicines  horrendum  inimicum  ludendo  cursitare. 
Quem  cum  diu  attonite  fuisset  intuitus,  ait  praBdicto 
comitanti  secum  primario,  "  Putas  te,  mi  dilecte,  videro 
posse  quod  video  ? "  At  ille,  "  Nil,"  inquit,  "  praeter 
quod  oportet  conspicio."  Et  ille,  "  Signa  ergo  salubri 
"  sanctee  crucis  sigillo  oculos  proprios,  et  proba*  si  quod 
"  video  possis  videre."  Cumque  jussu  beati  patris 
Dunstani  levi  sanctae  crucis  impressione  oculos  suos  con- 
signasset,  vidit  ilico,  quasi  pro  tanti  viri  testificatione, 
eundem  Dei  et  hominum  quem  beatus  pater  viderat 


« 


<t 


B. 


^  prctdictia]  om.  B. 

'  propheta  Uaiaa]  tr.  B. 

'  ejusdem  .  .  comitaiui'}  ezistenti, 


*JBlfitam]  Probably  ^thebtan 
ealdorman  of  East  Anglia. 
^  ipso']  ejus,  B. 
•  proba]  probe,  A. 


AUCrrORE  B. 


45 


iniimcum,  sub  cujusdam  homuncii  nigelli  ^  specie  sali-  The  evii 
entem;  et^  mox  ex  inimicabili  nefiEUidi  daemonis   de-peanasa 

...  ,.  ft-i  -11  ••  !•  black  man. 

monstratione  utnque '  deprenendere  prsescii,  aliqua 
infortunia^  quibusdam  ex  eis  adesse  futura;  factisque 
scematibus  crucis  inimicus  disparuit. 

32.  Postquam  autem  de  hac  improba  apparitione  con-  Dnnstan 
specti  musons  loqui  qmevissent,  rogavit  idem  prselocu-  for  Eifstan 
tus  princeps  jam  dictum  Dei  virum,  quatinus  sibi  visionis  J***^®- 
suae  somnia  nuper  promulgata  solvendo  enexuisset.  Dixit  SJSth^^' 
namque  se  per  visionum   indicia   vidisse    memoratum 
regem  cum  suis  principibus  imiversisque   optimatibus, 

solita  ex  consuetudine,  in  palatii  sui  triclinio  consedere ; 
et  inter  Iseta  ministrantium  ac  jocundantixmi  convivia, 
eundem  quern  dixi  regem  '  somno  sopitum  obdormisse  ; 
postque  gravem  dormitionis  suae  sarcinam,  omnes  poene 
principes  vel  sapientes  ipsius  in  hyrcos  caprasque  humana 
relicta  effigie  commutasse.  Cui  confestim  beatus  Dun- 
stanus  prophetico  instructus  eloquio  respondebat  dicens, 
*'  Dormitio  regis  mortis  ipsius  indicium  est ;  quod  autem 
magnate^  vel  sapientes  illius  in  muta  animalia  et  in- 
sensibilia  '  comimutatos  vidisti,  futurum  tempus  designat, 
in  quo  poene  imiversi  regionis  istius  principes  rerumque 
rectores  voluntate  ultranea  a  via  veritatis,  cxmi  ipsi 
sint  sapientes,  tanquam  stolida  animalia  non  habentes 
pastorem,  deviabunt. 

33.  His  ita  gestis  ad  vicum  regium,  de  his  semper  ser-  nuzutan 
mocinantes  pervenerunt.    Factoque  diei  ipsius  crepusculo  imi  ipirit 
vidit  iterum  vir  Dei  Dunstanus  in  vespertino  regis  con-  on  the  third 
vivio  eundem  vel  quempiam  alium  inimicum  inter  &e-  him' again, 
quentantes  ministros  oberrantem.    Deinde  ni  fallor  post 
triduum,  ipso  quoque  die  quo  rex  jam  dictus  ferro  fuerat 
periturus,  vidit  tertio  quendam  ignotum,  ignoro  quidem 


*  nigellt]  ^thiopis,  B.,  over  an 
erasure. 
'  ef]  sed,  B. 
'  utrique^  nutrique,  A. 


^  infortunia]  infortuna,  A. 

'  eundem  .  .  regem]  om.  B. 

^  animalia  .  .  tiueiwi6t7ta]  tr.  B. 


46  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

utrum  immicabilem  seu  etiam  spiritaJem  virum^  Tnagnam 
tamen  prolixss  cartuldB  rotellam  in  manu  gestantem^  den- 
sim  apicibus  conscriptam,  eo  videlicet  temporis  momento 
quo  rex  a  Missarum  celebratione  novissimo  potiturus 
He  says  that  convivio,  ad  aulam  usque  redibat.     Quern  cum  interro- 

ne  comes  ,  >-x  •        •      ' 

frrai  the  •  garet  quis  esset,  respondit  voce  Saxonica  se  ex  Orientis 
dom,  and"     regni  partibus  esse,  seque  una  cum  rege  qusedam  nup-  , 
That  day     tialis  verbi  habere  secreta.     Is  dum  esset  regi  nunciatus,  - 
SuedL***   atque  in  illius  prsBsentiam  supervenientium  more  induci 
deberetur,  nusquam  apparuit ;  sed  eodem,  proh  dolor,  die,^ 
ut  diximus,  amarse   mortis   acerbitas  per  sicam  perfidi 
latronis  penetralia  cordis  ipsius  latenter  introivit. 

Ecce  enim  quam  mature  de  rege  beati  viri  claruere 
prsesagia.  De  principibus  autem  non  nisi  Eadwigi  regis 
temporibus,  si  rex  jure  queat  appellari  qui  nee  sese  nee 
alios  quosque  bene  rexerat,  patuere.  Quoniam  quidem 
beatus  pater  Dunstanus  spiritu  Dei,  ut  ait  apostolus,  Eom.vm.i4. 
^ro"h*Y"  ^'g^l^fl'^^  idcirco  haec  et  his  similia  quasi  filius  Dei  pro- 
att^ded  to  "^^^i^®^^  mysteria ;  in  tantum  quoque  ut  plerique  eum 
assererent  vanissima  verborum  deliramenta  proferre,  dum 
ore  prophetico  Sanctique  Spiritus  inbutione  perplura 
praidiceret  quae  postea  signis  ^videntissimis  conspeximus 
facta. 

DunstMi  34.  Hie  etiam  vidit  et  audivit  sine  cujuslibet  difficul- 

monastery  tatis  obstaculo  qusedam  mira  spiritalium  secretorum,  quae 
nunc  pangam  mysteria.  Erat  namque  vir  venerandus  in 
amore  Dei,  ut  diximus,  semper  accensus,  et  propterea  loca 
sacroriim  coenobiorum  ob  animarum  sedificationem  circuit 
bat  sollicitus.  Venit  etiam  ex  hac  salubri  consuetudine 
ad  locum  thermarum,  ubi  calida  lympha  de  abyssi  lati- 
bulis  guttatim  vaporando  ebullit,  quem  incolas  locum* 
sub  patema  lingua  Bathum  soliti  sunt  appellare.  Et  cum 
ibidem  ab  ejusdem  loci  fratribus  caritative  susceptus 
deguisset,  vidit  post  prandii  horam  cujusdam  scolasticiQi 


at  Bath. 


'  proh  .  .  die]  tr.  B,  |      *  locum]  om.  B. 


AUCTOBE  B.  47 

ex  Glestoni^  coenobio  animam.  ad  coelorum  sublimia,  ab  Heh» a 

'  vinon  of 

angelis  Dei  cum  hymnorum  laudibus    deportatam,  ac*f®b?'»t 
magnis  supemorum  civium  exequiis  hinc  et  inde  stipa-  Giaston- 
tam.     Venit  autem   postera  die,  quasi  ad  hujus  mirsB 
visionis  testificationem,  quidam  e  prsedicto  coenobio  prse- 
positus,  nomine  Ceolwyus/  volens    monastica    consilia 
causasque^  fratrum  suorum  cum  poniifice  pariter  more 
solito  captare.'     Hunc  iUe  de  monasterio    venientem, 
statim  post  datam  benedictionem,  sollicite  si  omnia  cum 
fratribus  suis  essent  prospera  interrogavit ;  isque  mortem 
pueri  minime  comminiscens  respondit  imiversa  sub  in- 
tegritatis  sospitate  fdisse  constituta.      At  ille  sermoile 
modesto,  quoniam  proprise  visionis  fuerat  admodum  per- 
spicacior  illo,  "Non  autumo,"  inquit,  "  omnia  apud  omnes  Hereceivei 
"  humanis  in  excessibus  fore  profutura."     Et  ill6,  "  Sunt  that  the 

*  '  vision  was 

"  equidem  omnia,  excepto  quod  quidam  nostrae  societatis  true. 
''  puerulus  hestema  die  sub  tempore  meridiano  necem 
"  inevitabUem  moriendo  subibat."      "Hoc  est,"   inquit 
sanctus  episcopus  "  quod  dixi.    Bequiescat  felix  spiritus 
"  ipsius  secimdum  visionem.  nostram  in  pace." 

35.  Iterum  autem  dum  proprio  inmoraretur  monaste-  He  has  a 

,      _  warning  at 

no,  hoc  est  Glsestonise,  ambulabat  idem*  ovilium  Christi  GiMton- 

bury  of  the 

solers'  prsevisor,  cum  quolibet  ejusdem  monasterii  mona-  death  of  one 
cho,  de  domo  in  domum,  fratrum  quoque  conmumium  monks, 
pabularia  seu  csetera  eorundem  ^  necessaria  consideratum. 
Et  dum  remeando  conspectis  copus  veniret  ad  occidenta- 
lia  antiquse  ecclesise  climata,  audivit  eminus  vocem 
coelitus  inopinato  omine  emissam,  quae  secum  inceden- 
tem  monacbum  ad  coelestes  delicias  blando  sub  eloquio 
invitaverat,  dicens,  "  Veni,  veni,  ifSlfsige,^  veni ;"  sic  enim 
erat,  ut  opinor,  ejusdem  fratris  nomen.  Tunc  beatus  vir 
meriti  clientis  sui  advocationem  intellegens,  dixit,  "  Ac- 


'  Ceolwyns]  Ceolwiofi,  B. 
'  cautaaque]  caasaque,  A. 
^captare\  captitare,JB. 
^  idemi  vt,  B. 


^  ovilium  .  .  solars]  tr.  B. 

^  pabularia  .  .  eorundem]  om.  B. 

7  JSlfsige]  Msige,  B. 


48 


VITA   SANCTI   DUNSTANI 


The  warn- 
ing comes 
true. 


He  builds 
a  church  to 
8.  John  the 
Baptist. 


He  goes 
round  the 


"  celera  ergo  fortiter,  frater,  apparare  ^  te  quantoduB ; 
"  quoniam  diebus  citissimis  vocatus  a  Domino,  ab  hujus 
"  mundi  scoriis  migrabis  ad  Ipsum."  Quod  quidem, 
diebus  non  adeo  multis  interpositis,  ita  de  eo  ut  praedixe- 
rat,  probabili  indiculo  adimpletum  est.  Dehinc  '  in  eodem 
loco  quadratam  paribus  angulis  secdesiam  in  modum 
facunculi  construere  jussit,  et  constructam  in  hono- 
rem '  almi  Baptistse  Johannis  honorifice  consecravit.  O 
magnum  gloriosi  praesulis  meritum,  qui  meruit  vivens 
videre  angelorum  visiones  vocesque  mirabiles  eorundem 
audire. 

36.  Huic  igitur  dum  in  propria  prsesulatus  sui  civi- 
hoTvpiMes   tate  commanebat,  sanctae  consuetudinis  inter  caetera  sub- 
bury,  limitatum  studia  fuit,  ut  in   secretis  noctium  tempori- 
bus  sancta  loca,  propter  multimodam  populorum  ad  se 
venientium   inhsesionem   vel   etiam   aliorum    multorum 
occupationem,    sancta    semper     psalmodia     decantando 
lustraret.      Et   venit  hac*   lege   religionis   innexus  ad 
almi    patris    Augustini    eediculam,*  noctumis    ut   dixi 
temporibus  oraturus ;  et  dum   se  sacris  inibi   suppleret 
orationibus,   processit  ad  orientalem  Dei  puerpersB  sec- 
At8.Auim».clesiam  tantumdem  precaturus.     Cumque  ad  hanc  pro- 
a  vision  of    pinquaudo    psallendoque    venisset,    forte    ex    insperato 
singing  a     noctis  cveutu  audierat  insolitas  sonoritarum  voces,  sub- 
seduiius,     tili  modulamine   in   hac  eadem   basilica   concrepantes. 
At  ille   continuo  per  quendam^   patuli  foraminis  hia- 
tum  ^  inspiciens,  vidit  praelocutam  ecclesiam  omni  esse 
fulgida  luce  perfusam,   et   virgineias  turmas   in   choro 
gyranti  hymnum   hunc  poetee   Sedulii   cursitando  can- 
tantes,   "Cantemus   socii  Domino,®  etc."     Itemque  per- 
pendit  easdem   post  versimi   et  versum   voce  reciproca, 
quasi    in    circuitionis  suae  concentu,   primum   versicu- 


^  apparare]  prsepara,  B. ;  appa- 
rere,  A. 

2  Dehinc']  Deinde,  B. 

3  hanorem]  honore,  B. 
^  hac]  ac,  A.  B. 


'  adictilam]  erased  in  B. 
^  quendam]  quandam,  B. 
7  hiatum]  rimam,  B. 
^  Domino]    cantemns   honorem, 
ins.  B. 


; 


AUCTORE   B.  49 

lum   eiusdem    hymniculi    more    biunamarum   virginiim  in  alternate 
repsallere,^  dicentes ; 

"  Cantemus,  socii,  Domino  cantemus  honof  em ; 
"  Dulcis  amor  Christ!  personet  ore  pio,"  et  csetera. 

Haec    inquam    veneranda    donorum    spiritalium    in-  His  innnme- 
sigma,    aliaque    innumera,    quae    nee    ego     nee    alius  tuai  gifta. 
quisquam  hujus   vitae   incola   quolibet  hiunano   eloquio 
pr8Bvalet    enarraxe,    egregius    pnesul    Dunstanus  quo- 
niam  vias  institise  ambulavit   suscipere^  meruerat. 

37.  Nuni  ergo  quoniam  univerJa  bonorum  actuum 
suorum  exercitia,  si  die  noctuque  in  summa  meditationis 
sagacitate,  somno  naturali  privatus  immorarer,  nequeo 
explanare;  aequum  tamen  esse  arbitror  ut  ea'  saltim 
qnsB  vel  egomet  vidi  vel*  atidivi,  justa  Dei  ammoni- 
tione  stimulatus,  pro  posse  caritatis  enodem.  (Huic  His  constant 
etenim  dum  tsediosum  hujus  vitse  incolatum  laboriose 
incoluit,  summum  studium  fiiit  ut  videlicet*  sacris  in 
orationibus  et  in  Daviticis  decem  chordarum  psalmo- 
diis  jugi  frequentia  insisteret,  aut  in  vigiliis  suavem 
somnimi  superando  pemoctaret  assiduis,  aut  in  eccle- 
aiasticis  fervidus  semper  insudaret  operari  operibus; 
aut  .etiam   mendosos  libros,  dimi  primam   orientis  diei  His  literary 

1  ,■  j*i  •!  /»i«ii  and  other 

lucem   contuen  potuit,   erasa  scriptorum  lalsitate   cor-  uowurs. 

rigeret;  aut  ut®  vera   et  falsa   inter  virum    et  virum 

sagaci    ingenio    judicando    discemeret;   aut   inpacatos 

quosque  vel  rixantes  placido  sennone  Concordes  efBceret 

et  quietos ;  aut  viduis,  orphanis,  peregrinis  et  ^  advenis 

in  suis  necessitatibus   pio   profuisset  amininiculo ;  aut 

ut  ®  justa  sequestratione  inepta  vel   injusta  dissodaret 

conjugia;  aut  omnem  humanum  ordinem  trifarie  paratum 

in  propno  soliditatis  proposito  verbo  vitae  firmaret  vel  *  ^   . 

exemploj  aut  de  justo  conquisitionis  suae  censu,  vel  citra,^ 


'  repsaliere]  resallere,  A. 
'  mucipere]  saflpicere,  B. 
'  ea]  om.  B. 
*  vet]  et,  B. 


'  videlicet']  om.  B. 
•  irf]  om.  B. 
7  ef]  om  B. 
^  vel  dtra]  om.  B. 

D 


^    y 


«  <• 


V    / 


••  / 


~  L 


50 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


/\yr- 


'{ 


His  labours 
in  teaching. 


HefiUed 
England 
with  light : 


yet  was 
always  em- 
ployed in 
prayer. 


His  many 
tears. 


The  end  of 
his  labours. 


ecdesias  Dei  placida  probitate  sublevaret  ditandas ; 
ant  enim  ^  utriusque  ordinis  inperitos,  "^os  videlicet 
vel  foeminas^  quoscunque  die  noctuque  *  poterat  coelesti 
sale,  id  est,  salutaris  sapientias  documento  condiret. 
Ideoque  omnis  haec  Anglica  terra  doctrina  ejus  sancta 
repleta  est,  fulgens  coram  Deo  et  hominibus,  sicut  sol 
et  luna:  ant  etiam  quando  debitas  vernulitatis  sme 
horas  cseterasque  Missarum  celebrationes  Christo  Do- 
mino solvere  censuisset,  tanta  mentis  integritate  eas 
decantando  exercnit,  nt  cum  ipso  Domino  facie  ad  fSEtciem 
fan  videretur,  licet  antea  e  tumultuantis  popnli  conflic- 
tibus  nimium  esset  irritatus  ;  ocnlis  interim  ac  manibus 
more  beati  Martini  in  caelum  semper  intentis,  nninquam 
ab  oratione  spiritum  relaxans.  Quotiesqne '  aliquod 
aliud  opus  perfectionis  dignaB  vel  etiam  laude  *  exerceret,*^ 
in  sacris  scilicet  sacerdotum  ordinationibus,  ecclesia- 
rumque  vel  altarium  consecrationibus,  seu  etiam  in 
quibuslibet  rerum  divinarum  institutionibus,  hoc  semper 
nimio  rore  lacrymarum  peregit,  quas  invisibilis  habi- 
tator  Sanctus  quoque  Spiritus,  Qid  in  eo  jugiter  ha- 
bitavit,  ex  oculorimi  rivulis  potenter  elicuit. 

38.  Cumque  supemus  inspector  ad  alta  polorum  fiEksti- 
gia,®  hsec  pia  omniaque  ^  beati  viri  studia  diutissima  spe- 
culatione  conspiceret,  tandem  decrevit  clementius  finem 
laboriosorum  luctaminum  suorum,  ut  cum  beatis  ange- 
lorum  agminibus  remunerantem  nummum  acciperet  in 
coelis,  pro  quo  saepissime  sudarat,®  dum  portaret  leve 
onus  Ipsius  in  terris. 

Instabat  namque  dies  pariter  Domini  Dei  nostri  Aseen- 
sionis^  diesque  advocationis  ipsius,  in  quo  tamen  die® 
Domino  dictante  Missarum  celebria  sine  aliqua  laesione 


*  «mfii]  cm.  B. 

^  die  noctuqtui  om.  B. 

^  que]  autem,  B. 

^  vd  ,  ,  laude']  laudisque,  B. 

'  exerceret]  ezeroebat,  B. 


^  ad  aUa  .  .  /astigia']  ab  alto  .  . 
fastigio,  B.  ;  fastigio,  A. 

7  omniaque]  cm.  B. 

®  sudarat]  sadabat,  B. 

*  tamen  die]  cm.  B.  l^e  feast  of 
the  Ascension,  May  17|  988. 


AUCTORE  B. 


51 


compleverat,  et  novissiirium  verhi  Dei  fomentum  com- His  last  ser- 

•  •!■  1  !,•  -I  •-1*1        inoii8»ontho 

misso  siDi  populo  multis  cum  lacrymarum  imDnbus  feast  of  the 
miiiistrayit ;  docens  semper  Dei  Filium  de  summis  coe- a.d.988.  ' 
lorum^  sedibus  pro  humaxLa  salute  descendisse  ad  terras, 
quo  Se  Patremque  Suum  una  cum  Flamine  sacro  unum 
esse  Deum  patula  patefaceret  pietate ;  et  ut  eadem  qua 
prsefatus  sum*  die,  devicto  diabolo  et  liberato  populo 
Suo,  ccbIos  de  quibus  venire  videbatur  ascenderet.  Qui 
cimi  hujus  exhortatioiiis  dausulam  terminando  posuis- 
set,  nimia  cordis  caritate  poposcit  quod  ipse  primitus 
celeri  petitione  impetravit,  hoc  siquidem  ut  Omnipotens 
Dominus  patema  pietate  quibuscunque  fidelibus  mem- 
bris  videlicet  Jesu  Christi,  scandendi  facultatem  condo- 
naret  *  quo  principium  caputque  quorumcunque  Christus 
in  prsedicta  die  potenter  ascenderat.     His  ille  alloquiis  He  preache 

i»  J.  .•  iT_«T_j.  T_  j'«  three  times. 

cseterisque  prsedicamentis  salubnbus  ter  sub  una  diei 
ipsius  cejebratione  commissorum  corda  affatim  permo- 
nuit;  primo  enim  ut  ecdesiaslicus  ordo  post  lectionis 
Evangelium  ^  jure  insinuat ;  secundo  post  gratuitam  col- 
lataB  sibi  potestatis  benedictionem ;  tertio  vero  post  piae 
pacis  conferentiam  quando  commimi  carmine  cecinimus, 
"Agnus  Dei  Qui  tollis  peccata  mundi,  miserere  nobis," 
tunc  quidem  et  ipse  commissos  sibi  agniculos,  a  pecca- 
torum   prills   ponderibus   leviatos,   pio  *   pastori,   Agno  He  enterw 
videlicet  Jesu  Christo  Qui  mundi  hujus,  crimina  miser- comers  with 
tus  tollere   venit,    sub   pacis    custodia   servandos   sineoOTUPse.*" 
macula  commendavit.     Ipse  tamen,  post  missarum  cele- 
bria,  nihilominus  ipso  die  cum  suis  coenaturus^  adibat. 


^  que  .  .  sum]  om.  D. 

'  eondoniiret'}  candonaret,  A. 

*  lectionis  EvangeUumi]  lectionem 
Kwangelii,  B. 

*  pto]  Here  the  Arras  MS.  ends. 
The  remainder  is  supplied  fh>m  the 
S.  GaU  MS. 

*  canaiurus'}  MS.  B.  proceeds  as 
follows  :  **  aulam  letos  adibat  nni- 
"  yersosqne  ad  se  venientes  com 


"  omni  gratulationis  blanditia  keti- 
"  ficabat.  Dum  autem  post  horam 
'*  refectionis  moribunda  membra 
paulatim  ex  more  lestivi  temporis 
quieti  subdidisse  vellet,  eoce  os- 
tensom  est  valde  magnmn  mira- 
'^  culum,  minime  nobis  inter  plura 
prsetereiindum.  Ambalavit  ita- 
que,  ut  dizimus,  prse&tus  Dei 
**  famalus  Dunstanus  ad  requietio* 

D  2   +- 


(t 


(( 


t( 


it 


tt 


62 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANL 


St!Sd  wa  ^^  ^^^  P<^*  horam  refectionis  moribimda  membra 
wmwon!'  paulatim  ex  more  sestivi  temporis  quieti  dedisset, 
ecce  in  hac  eadem  dormitionis  requie  vehemens  mor- 
bus, index  quoqiie  ultimae  vitae,  venerandum  patrem 
invadendo  subrepsit,  caputque  candentis  calvitdei  cunc- 
tis  solutmn  juribus  ad  occubitum  usque  subruendo 
coegit;  ac  beatum  lumen  diu  coram  JDeo  et  hominibus 
renitens  dedma^  kalendarum  Junii  poenitus  effocatum 
extinxit.  His  ille  legibus  avitse  mortis,  ut  nunc  dixi, 
prseventus,  otio  adgravationis  susb,  die  Sabbato  scilicet 
qui  requies  interpretatur,  senex  plenusque  felicium  die- 
rum  ad  perhemiem  requiem  Domino  Jesu  Christo  du- 
cente  commigravit;  Cui  est  honor  et  imperium,  virtus 
et  potestas,  una  cum  Patre  pariter  Sanctoque  Spiritu, 
in  S8ecula  saeculorum.    Amen. 

Explicit   vita  Sancti  Dunsta/ni,  a/rchiepiscopi  et 
confeddoris. 


flis  death, 
(Hay  19, 
988). 


"  nis  suce  locum,  In  edito  scilicet 
**  coenaculi  honorifice  collocatum ; 
«  Tocatisque  ad  se  perpancis  quos 
"  Tolebaty  super  sedile  suum  reca- 
'*  bans  sedendo  panlulum  pausabat. 
'*  Erat  enim  ob  yentune  doimitionis 
snas  eTcntum  cor  illius  ita  adgra- 
vatom,  ut  nequiret  se  a  lenti  so- 
poris  grayedine  pcenitus  abstinere. 
Interea  denique  cum  ita  dormitas« 
*^  set,  ecce  subito,  suis  qui  aderant 
**  intuentibus,  mirabile  dictu,  una 
"  cum  sella  in  qua  residebat  trabem 
adusque  eleyatus,  atque  iterum 
amminiculante  supemi  inspecto- 
<'  ris  pietate  leyiter  est  depositus  ; 
ipsi  yero  qui  praesentes  erant, 
statim  ut  talia  pecspexerunt,  ni- 


ce 


<i 


«< 


(( 


(« 


(( 


"  mio  payore  cordetenus  concussi, 
'*  timide  retrorsum  fugerunt  Cum- 
^  que  expergefactus  eyigilasset,  in- 
*'  terrogayit  eos,  'Quid  yidistis, 
«  '  filii  ?  Quomodo  ibam  ? '  lUi 
<*  autem  per  ordinem  uniyersa  qnss 
'<  yiderant  ezposuerunt  ei.  Seryus 
"  autem  Dei  Dunstanus,  sieut  Do- 
«  minus  noster  discipulis  Suis  difia- 
"  mare  prohiboit  yisionem  in  monte 
''  coelitus  ostensam,  ita  portendere 
"  prsecepit  istam,  dicens, '  Mea  yita 
"  '  cosmicali  comito,  nemini  dixeri- 
**  *  tis  yisionem.'  *' 

^  Properly  decima  quarta  :  May 
19:  the  Saturday  after  the  fisast  of 
the  Ascension. 


II. 

EPISTOLA  ADELARDI  AD  ELFEGUM 

ARCHIEPISCOPUM  DE  VITA 

SANCTI  DUNSTANI/ 


v'N/>-»>./^»vrx/><v«'vy»^'  '*  ' 


Domino  vere   sancto  .^Hfego,   sanctse   Dorobemensis  AdeUurd^in 

1     ,  1  •      -  A  1   1       1  1  •     T>i       1  -    •        •    obedience  to 

ecclesisB  arcniepiscopo„  Adalardus    sancti   Blandinienfiis  theinvita- 
coenobii  exiguus  famulus.     Patrem  tuum  sancttuu  Dun-  Eifegeb 
stanum  voluisti  et  Uteris  commendari  ^  et  musis.      Sed 
quoniam  vel  jussus  panii,  et  indignus  dignum,  peccator 
sanctum,  tangere  prsesumpsi,  veniam  humi  stratus  peto. 
Nam   pungit  me    memoria   Ozse    sacerdotis,  aream  Dei 
2Sain.u.e.  Israel    irreverenter    tangentis;   et,  quamvis  jumentimi 
Balaam,  officimn  sumpsi  aut  angeU  aut  hominis  sancti, 
tamen  respiro  confidens  per   me    tam  tuis  quam  etiam 
filiorum   tuorum  satisfieri  votis.     Suscipe,  pater,  obedi- pro*"*"  "p* 
entiae  debitum  ex  quo  etsi  debentem  nulla  suis  mentis  trafasenee 
respexit  gratia,  te  tamen  pro  pie  imperato  debita  respiciet  §2iJSaf 
corona.     Sdas  autem  in  opere  isto  historiam  vitae  ejus 
non  contineri,  sed  ex  eadem  vita  quasi  brevem  sermonis 
versiculum  ita  compactum   et   ita   distinctum,  ut  et  in 
conventu  piorum   auditorum   totus   quasi    historialiter 
recenseatur,  et   vice   sermonis  inter   sacras   vigilias    in 
lectiones  ter  quatemas  distinguatur,  ea  videlicet  ratione 
ut  ab  exordio  usque  ad  sanctam  consummationem  vitse, 
eodem  fere  sensu    eisdemque    miraculis,  et   responsoria 
lectionibus   suis,    et  lectiones   respondeant   responsoriis 
suis ;  vale  pnesul  gloriose. 


on 


1  The  text  is  from  the  CoUon  MS. 
Nero  C.  7  (C) ;  the  Yarious  read- 
ings are  those  of  the  MS.  Lambeth 


159  (L.)  ;  and  the  Gray's  Inn  MS. 
8  (G.),  which  omits  the  prologue. 
^  commendari^  om.  L. 


54 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


In  depositione  sanctissimi  patris  nostri  Dunstani: 

lectio  prima. 

The  example      Quia  solemnibus    excubiis    transitum  beati  Dunstani 

ofDunstan         ,.  i    /nn     .    ,  .  j.  j 

to  be  used,    colimus,  quo  eum  ad  Chnstum  migrasse  credimus,  post 

tion.  eum  fratres  carissimi   suspiremus,  et  ad  Christum  post 

eum  laeti  quique  tendamus.     Sed  quoniam    mortalitate 

gravati  ad   nos  relabimur,  quse  de  eo  agnovimus  inter 

hymnos   divinos    conferamus,   et   sermone   exhortatorio 

quasi  scalam  nobis  post  eum   tendendi  erigamus.       Ac 

primo    dicendum    quod   tam^    Sanctis  parentibus  ortus 

claruit,  ut  eos  sseculo  exemptos  inter  choros  conspicere  See  B.  p.  7. 

mereretur  angelicos.     Ipso  autem  matemis  adhuc  retento 

visceribus,  de    praeseritato    puero    Jesu    in   templo  dies 

illuxit  Celebris.     Cumque  mater  ejus  et  plebs  Christicola 

cereis  et   lampadibus,  ut   eo   die   moris   est,  in   templo 

staret  corusca,  ecce  cunctorum   pariter  luminaria   nutu 

Themirade  Dei  repente  extincta  sunt.     Attonitis  autem  de  novitate 

lea  on  the     prodigii    omnibus,    miraculum    accessit   miraculo.       Ut 

i^rifl<»tion  enim   Dominus   revelaret  quid  per   hoc   signum  indicii 

birth.         daret,  solam  duntaxat  matrem  ejus  per  ignem  respexit, 

per  quem  cereus  quem  manu  tenebat  priori  subito  luce 

incanduit.     Et  factum  est  ut  totius  sanctaB  collectee  iUius 

luminaria    ex    illo   splendorem   luminis   sint    mutuata. 

Quid,  firatres  mei,  Deum  hoc  in  facto  dicemus  prsefigu- 

rasse,  nisi  filinm  ex  ea  nasciturum,  in  matris  jam  utero 

a  Se  electum,  et  setemi  luminis  ministrum  aflfuturum  ? 


Lectio  ii^. 

Hisoduca-        Natus  crgo  pucT  Dei,  sacro  est*  lavacro  intinctus,  et  B. pp.  7, 8. 
iiess  at  Giaa-  GlestonisB^  diviuo  servitio  mancipatus,*  ubi  primordia  in- 
-  fanti83  decora  honestatsB  indole*^  acerrimus,  ut  interdum 
solet,    corripuit   languor.        Quo    cum    putaretur    mox 


1  torn]  sanctam,  ins.  L. 

^  est]  om.  L. 

*  Glestonia']  Glafltonite,  G.  L. 


*  mancipatus']  immcipatar,  G. 
^  honestata  tjidoie']  honestiitem  in- 
dolem,  G. 


AUOTORE  ABMJLRDO. 


55 


B.  pp.  7, 8.  dissolvi,  ecce  intempestse  noctis  silentio  desuper  respectus,  His  wonder- 
coelesti  immo  et  angelica,  ut  vere  credi  fas  est,  medela  tira  in 
pristinsB  saluti  est  redonatus.     Ilico  surgrens  et  coelestis  waiiofthe 

j«   •     J      .        •  n  J  ,      .  .       cnurcii. 

medici  ductamine  perfruens  ad  monastenum,  nescius 
quid  in  se  divinitus  ageretur,  impiger  tendit.  At 
callidns  temptator  ejus  saluti  invidens,  fantasticam 
canum  suorum  ei  importiuiitatem  suscitat,  quos  in  se 
horrido  latratu  irruentes  tenid  virga  nescienter  fugavit. 
Ventum  ergo  est  ad  auke  Dei  januam,  quam  postibus  ^ 
hserentem  offendens,  ascensorium,  quo  se  artifices  ad  sarta 
tecta  templi  mittebant,  secure  transcendit,  sicque  altera 
tecti  parte  descendens  ductu  divino  cubiculum  petiit, 
et  se  quieti  nescius  dedit.       Ubi  mane  inventus  cum  He  is  found 

sslfiAD  insido 

consuleretur  qualiter  illo  incolumis  adveniret,*  qui  serotheciureh. 
pene  contiguus  morti  exterius  erat  relictus,  hoc  se  ig- 
norare  respondit,  et  rumorem  miraculi  grata  ignorantia 
auxit.      At  matrona  cuius  curse  seffrotans  est  creditus,  Testimony 

J  .  -ji.  ii«     of  his  nurse. 

cum  usque  ad  transcensum  pumse  mdefessa  exploratnx 
cuncta  prospiceret,*  ccelesti  prodigio  fidele  testimonium 
perhibuit.  Miraculum  plane  divinum,  cujus  cum  se  pius* 
puer  negaret  conscium,  totum  constat  coelitus  peractum 
et  totum  fuisse  Deificimi. 


Lectio  m^. 

Hac  ergo  signonmi  gratia  primsevam  commendansHegoesto 
setatulam,  tam  Deo  quam  omnibus  complacuit  pie  J^^*****^ 
viventibus.     Sicut  enim   mentis,   ita  crevit  et  sratiis.  introduces 

-         ^  him  to  the 

Cumque  jam  flos  adolescentiaa  in  annis  adolesceret,*  de  king. 
Gkostonia  egressus  archiepiscopo  Dorobemensi  Athelmo,* 
patruo  scilicet  suo,   se  jimxit  et  cohabitare  coepit.     In  • 
quo  idem  pontifex  gratiam  Dei  admirans  et  futurorum 
honorum  indicia  prsevidens,  in  palatio  eum  prsesentavit 


1  postibw]  Dei,  ins.  G. 
'  advemretl  adyeniuet,  G. 
'  pnnpicerei]  peiBpicere,  G. 
*  piug]  om.  G. 

^  Atkelmd]  Adelmo,  C. ;  Edelmo, 
G.     The  most  probable  date    for 


Athelm's  pontificate  is  from  914  to 
923 ;  bnt  he  is  often  confounded 
withi  his  successor  Wulfhelm,  who 
hdd  the  see  of  Canterbury  from 
923  to  942. 


56 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


Heispix)- 
motedby 
Athelstan. 


B.  pp. 
25. 


Edmund 

S'veshim 
bwton- 
buiy. 


et  regi  iEthelstano,  quern  sacra  unctione  livit/  magno  B.  pp.  21- 
affectu  commendavit ;  ubi  quotidie  crescens  virtutibus 
magnus  coram  rege  factus  est  et  principibus.  At  rege 
eodem  inter  intelligibilia  disposito,  frater  ejus  Edmundus 
monarchiam  imperii  suscepit,  et  ipse*  beato  Dunstaao 
summissus  et  ejus  consiliis  gloriosus.  A  quo  etiam^ 
diversis  honoribus  sublimatus  locum  quoque  in  quo 
educatus  est,  Dei  informandum  servitio  suscepit.  Unde 
primum  eliminato  quicquid  oculis  supemi  Inspectoris^ 
offendebat,  monachus  et  abbas  effectus,'^  monachorum  ibi 
scholam  primo  primus  instituere  coepit.  Cuius  ibi  studio 
sic  in  brevi  simL  excrevit  reUgio,  ut  sicut  dixi  de  lam- 
pade  prsegnantis  genetrids  suae  cseterorum  per  omnem 
ecclesiam  lampades  accensas,  ita  per  eum  ex  hoc  loco 
columen  religionis  monasticse  toto  Anglorum  orbe  dif- 
fusum  sit.  Cum  autem  eidem  regi  regina  sua  iElfgeva 
filium  genuisset,  regem  videlicet  paciiicum  nomine 
Edgarum,  sanctus  Dunstanus  in  cella  sua  iis  quae  ad 
Deum  pertinent  ex  more  intendebat,  et  audivit  quasi 
in  sublimi  voces  psallentium  atque  dicentium,  ''Pax 
"  Anglorum  ecclesiae  exorti  nunc  ®  pueri  et  Dunjstani 
"  nostri  tempore."  Quod  ita  fiiisse  omnibus  pene  notum  , 
est. 

Lectio  iiii. 

Edred  takes     Interfecto  autcm  in  palatio  rege  Eadmundo  inclito  fratri  b.  pp.  29- 

cWef  mini!-  ejus  Eadredo  thronus  regius  confirmatus  est.    Hie  beatum  ^^' 

Dunstanum  prse&tis  regibus  non  impar  amore  coluit,  ho- 

l|  noribus  auxit ;  cujus  prudentise  et  consilio  tam  se  quam 

I  omne  commisit  imperium.   Interea  iElfegus^  sanctae  recor- 

dationis   Wentanus   episcopus,   qui   beatum  Dunstanum 

monachatus  et  presbyteratus  gradu  decoravit,  huic  vitae 
modum  fecit.    Praefatus  autem  rex  Dunstanum  subrogare 


He  has  ft 
divine  reve- 
lation at  the 
birth  of 
Bdgar. 


'  /iw<]  linivit,  G. 

'  ipBt\  ipso,'  L. 

>  €tiQm\  om.  L. 

**  supemi  Inspectoris']  om.  G. 

^  monachus  .  .  effectus']  om.  G. 


*  fitffic]  vere,  L. 

7  ^Ifheah,  bishop  of  Winchester, 
934-951.  The  occasion  here  spe- 
cified is  referred  in  the  earlier  life 
to  the  death  of  Ethelgar  of  Crediton. 


AUCTOBE  ADELARDO. 


57 


J 


1 


/ 


volens  per  reginam  matrem  Eadgivam^  eum  super  hisBdredpro- 
convenit.     Qusb  ad  se  accersitum  rerio  ascivit  convivio.  m«Jehim 
Cui  inter  prandendum  de   episcopio  suadere  et  regiam  wincheator. 
sententiam  coepit  aperire.     Ad  hsec  ille,  "  Rogo,"  inquit, 
"  domina,  hujusmodi  te   precibiis  ultra  cessare.      Vere 
"  enim  dico  tibi  me  diebus  filii  tui  regis  pontificio  nonHeieftues 
*'  promovendimi."     Dixit  hoc  vir    Dei   regem  diligens,  w«hOT 
nee  ei  abesse  causa  sacerdotii  volens.     Displicuit  autem  is  ung. 
verbum  hoc  coram  Domino,  ut  ei  nocte  insequenti '  per 
visum  revelatum  est.     Visum  enim  est  sibi  se  Romam 
adisse,  et  adoratis  apostolis  ilico  redisse.     Cumque  adHiavinonof 
Montem  Oaudii  applicmsset,  ecce  sanctus  Petrus'  cum^wsties. 
coapostolis  Paulo  atque  Andrea  occurrit,*  singuli  singulos 
gladios  manu  tenentes  eique  offerentes ;  et  gladio  sancti, 
Petri  aureis  inscriptimi  legebatur  litteris,  "  In  principio 
"  erat  Verbum,  et   Verbum  erat   apud  Deum,  et  Deus 

&J6I1X1.LL"  erat  Verbum."  Oladii  vero  sanctorum  Pauli  atque 
Andrese  propriis  inscripti  erant  nominibus.  Tunc 
sanctus  ^  Andreas  blande  ex  evangelic  modulando  cecinit, 
"  Tollite  jugum  meum  super  vos,  et  discite  a  me,  quia 

s.]iatt.zL  "  mitis  sum    et   humiUs  corde,   et   invenietis   requiem 

"  animabus  vestris."     Sanctus  autem  Petrus*  *^8"®^^^ rtiSwhim 
virgam  levavit  et  in  palmam  levem  ictmn  vibrando  dixit,  with  hia  rod. 
"  Hoc  habeas  commonitorium,  de  non  recusando  ulterius 
"  j^^   Domini."      Ad  hsec   evigilans   reliquum  noctis 
divinis  laudibus  impendit.     Mane  autem  regi  visionem 
retulit  admiranti.     Rex  vero  ut  erat  divina  eruditione 
prseditus,   "  Cum  gladii,"  inquit,  "  quos  ex  ^  apostolica  Bdpod  inte^ 
"  benedictione  suacepisti  armaturam  pmtencUmt  Spiritus  ^^"^ 
"  Sancti,  sdas  pro  certo  per  gladium  beati  Petri  verbo 
"  Dei  inacriptum,  te  archiepiscopatus  solio  ccelitus  donan- 
"  dum."     Non  ergo  cecidit  in  terram   de  his  omnibus 
quae  gloriose  locutus  est  gloriosus  rex. 


1  Edgivam,  G.  Eadgifb,  wife  of 
Edward  the  Elder. 

'  nocte  insequenti]  in  nocte  9e- 
qnenti,  L. 

'  Petrus]  apostolus,  ins.  L. 


*  occurrif]  ocenrrerit,  L. 
^  sanctus']  ei,  ins.  O. 
'  This  particular  is  assigned  in 
the  earlier  life  to  S.  Andrew. 
7  ex]  in,  G. 


68  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


Lectio  v. 


Dunstan  Inter  haec,  carissimi,  spem  eiigamus  et  beatum  Dun-  B.  p.  3i. 

lievedtobo  etanum  nobis  de  se  coUoquentibus  et  Christum  in  eo 

the  worship- mirabilem    prsedicantibus    veraciter    adesse    credamus,^ 

lampadibus  ei    accensis    appareamus,    atque    pervigiles 

inceptis  de  eo  colloquiis  divinis  perseveremus.      Et  ut 

i^t  ijjnefls  ad  ordinem  redeamus ;  rex  *  Eadredus  aegrotavit  et  de- 

speratus  est,  qui  missa  celeri  legatione  patrem  confes- 

sionum  suarum  Dunstanum  accersivit.     Quo  festine.ad 

palatium  tendente   et  medium  jam  iter  peragente,  vox 

Duniito      desuper,  ipso  audiente,   clare   insonuit:   "Rex  Edredus 

his  death.     "  nunc  in   pace   quiescit."     Ad  banc  vocem  equus  cui 

insedit,  pondus  vocis  angeUcae  ferre  non  valens,  absque 

ulla  sessoris  laesione,  cum  interitu  suo  in  terram  corruit. 

Comitibus  autem  de  repentino  jumenti  interitu  stuporo 

attonitis,  vir  Dei  et  de  voce  angelica  et  de  obitu  regis 

quod  latebat  aperuit.     Ulis  ex  hoc  Deum  benedicentibus 

et  spiritum  defiincti  in  manus  Creatoris  commendanti- 

bus;  ecce  nuncii  post  nuncios  occurrunt,  quodque  vox 

de  ccelo  sonuit  dictis  innuunt.     Et  emenso  jam  itinere, 

luctu  ululantia  palatii    moenia  pater  reverendus  intrat, 

ubi  erat  videre  quid  moneat  sors  conditionis  humana}. 

Hoflndathe  En  rex   paulo   ante   milite    septus,   bysso    et   purpura 

kingde-       spleudidus,  uunc  lamentabile  funus,  verme  et  putredine 

buries  him.   opcriendus.     Ostcudit    sane    hie  vir  virtutum  fidem  et 

veritatem,  qui  gratiam,  quam  prsebuit  vivo,  prsebuit  et 

defuncto.     Caeteris  enim  retro  abeuntibus,  et  exsequias 

regias   fastidientibus,   ipse   cum  suis   glebam    cadaveris 

He  had  be-   in  sua  susccpit,  et  sepulturae  honestissimse  tradidit.    Sic 

Edmund  at  quoQue  ct  fratrem  ejus  Eadmundmn  olim   funeravit  et 

Glaston-         i,  .  .  -,       . 

buiy.  Glestomae  matn  terras  commendavit. 


*  veraciter  .  .  crcdamus']  om.  L.    |      '  rrx"]  prscfatas,  ins.  G. 


AUCrrORE  ADELARDO. 


59 


Lectio  vi. 
Sepulto  reffe,  beatus  Dunstanns  remenso  itinere  mo-  Dunstan 

.    .  XX*  1  .  prevents. the 

nasteno  recipitur.      Hic  eo  tempore  trabes  maxima   u^J^'u 
culmen  templi  levabatur,  et  cum  teeto  jam  foret  contigua,  S^^^^to* 
in  prseceps  multorum   minitans  interitum  vergi  ccepit.  craw. 
Sublatus   in  eoelum   cum  fragore  ruinsB  clamor  populi 
Dunstajium   oculos   cum   dextra    signo    salutis   armata 
opponere  coegit.  .  Cemeres  ilico  vergenti  machina)  Dei 
poientiam  obviare,  et  invisibili  quodam  effectu  eandem 
machinam  in  locum  ex  quo  labi  coeperat  revehi.    Quis 
ibi  a  laudibus   Creatoris  Be   contineret?    Haec  et  talia* 

B.  pp.  27,   ad   lucra   animarum    fieri   dolens,   diabolus    ut    virum 

^^'        '    sanctum  exturbet  omnia  temptamentorum  genera  per- 

currit.      Quem,  nocte   quadam  orantem,  in  ursi  effigieTh«deTU^ 
aggreditur  et  cambuttam  brachiis  complexans,  frendens  ^^  ^^^^ 
ore  et  dentibus,  de  manu  sancti  auferre  conatus  est.     In 
quem  vir  Dei  imperterritus  insurgens  cambutta  in  altum 
triumphaliter    sublata   horrendum   monstrum   caedendo 

Ft,  ixTiii- 1.  persequitur.  Quo  psallente  "  Exsurgat  Deus  et  dissi- 
"  pentur  inimici  Ejus,  et  fiigiant  qui  oderunt  Eum 
"  a  fade  Ejus/'  per  subdola  bestiarum  transformatum 
fantasmata    evanuit.      Contritus  hic  coluber  tortuosus,  HeinsnirDB 

B.  pp.  32-  Edwii  regis  se  ingerit  palatio,  ubi   per   aliam  Jezabel  woman  to 
et  palatinos  quorum  corda  noverat,  verba  sibilans  anguina,  ^**^ 
ad  hoc  regem  provocabat  ut  columnam  lucis  ^  eliminare  i>t«Mtan. 
et  regno  juberet   exterminare.     Gemente*   super    hoc 
grege   Domini,   diabolus   horum   se    incentorem    Aiisse 
turpi  prodidit  cachinno.     Dunstanus  autem  exsilio  pro 
.justitia   ascriptus  mare   transiit,   regise    stirpis    virum 
magniun    videlicet    adiens    Amulfum.*      Hic    tempore  He  goes  into 
I  eodem  nobile  quoddam   coenobiTmi  nomine  Blandinium,  Sian^uin. 
/  a  sancto   quondam  Amando  structum,^  in   majori   ele- 
gantia  renovavit,  ibique  magnum  Dei  sacerdotem  Wan- 


34. 


^  lueu^  ccenobio,  ins.  G. 
3  Gemente]  Veniente,  L. ;  autem, 
ins.  G. 
'  Arnolf,  count  of  Flanders,  son 


of  Baldwin  II.  and  Elfthritha,  daugh- 
ter of  Alfred:  he  ruled  from  918  to 
965. 
^  Btmctum]  construetum,  G. 


60 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


Hestnys      dregisiluiu  cum  sociis    archiprsesulibus  nutu  Dei  trans- 

Amuif.        tulit.       Quo    beatus     Dunstanus    aliquamdiu    moratus 

exempla  lucis    imitanda    reliquit.     In    quo  exsilio  Tua 

Christe    gratia   non    est    destitutus,   Qui   inter    crebra 

He  18  Yiflited  sanctorum   solamina    sanctum   ei    Andream    apostolum 

drew.    '     consolationis  Tuse  gratia  destinasti.     In  quo  Te  ipsum 

magnus    ille    fietmulus    Tuus    amplexus,    Alleluia  totis 

animi  organis  dixit,  gratias  Tibi  et  hymnos  persolvit. 


Heisro- 
called  by 
Edifar; 


and  made 
bishop  of 
Worcester. 


Odo  conse- 
cratofl  him 


a«( 
bishop. 


Hobeoomes 
bishop  of 
London ; 


and  at  last 
archbishop 
of  Canter- 
buy. 


Lectio  vii. 

Misertus  interea  Omnipotens  Anglorum  ecclesiaa  Eadgari 
adolescentis,  fiituri  scilicet  regis,  spiritum  excitavit,  ut 
necessarium  regno  exsulem  quantocius  reduceret,  firma- 
taque  sapientum  consilio  sententia,  eum  ab  insigni 
Amulfo  cum  honore  et  gloria  revocavit.  Quem  honori- 
fice  susceptum,  Dei  plenum  gratia,  in  episcopatum  B.  p.  37. 
Wigradstris  ^  ecclesisB  promovit.  In  cujus  ordinatione 
cum  Odo  archiepiscopus  debitum  omne  rite  *  persolveret, 
titulo  ecclesiaB  cui  episcopus  datus  est  conticito,  eum 
ecclesisB  Christi  Dorobemensis  metropolis  cunctis  ad- 
mirantibus  titulavit.  Super  quo  a  circumstantibus 
modeste  redargutus,  "Scio,"  inquit,  "carissimi,  quid 
"  loquatur  in  me  Deus."  Dixit  hoc  '  sacer  pontifex  per 
Spiritum  Sanctum,  Cujus  ministerio  fungebatur,  futurae 
in  ordinatum  a  se  sanctum  antistitem  gratiae  Dei 
praescius.  Adaucto  deinde  LundoniensLs  ecdesise  prae- 
sulatu  tanquam  a  Domino  *  audiret  "  Amice,  ascendc  s.  Luke,  xiv. 
"  superius,"  gemini  pontificatus  claruit  insigni.  Et  ut 
veniamus  ad  summam,  pnedicto  archiepiscopo  patribus 
suis  apposito,  cum  electionc  totius  ecclesiae  in  cathedra 
patriarchatus  successit,  cui  eum  ordinationis  tempore 
Spiritus  Sanctus  praetitulavit.  Num  inter  haec,  fratres 
mei,  praeclara  visio  memoriae  bccurrit,  qua  ex  apostolica 
benedictione  tres  ut  dictum  est  gladios  promeruit  ?     In 


1  Wigrcunslris']  Wygracistris,  L. 
-  rite]  om.  L. 


2  hoc]  autcm,  G. 
*  a  Domino']  om.  L. 


AUOTORE  ADELARDO.  61 

qua  sicut   per  gladlTim   verbo  Dei   inscriptum  primam  Puifiiment 
Aii£:lorum  sedem  Christi  scilicet  ecdesiam  sentimus,  sic  or  the  three 

ADOStlCS. 

per  gladium  Pauli  Lundoniam   ejusdem   apostolatu  in- 

I  signem   perpendimus.      At    gladius    a    Sancto    Andrea 

I  oblatiis    Rofecistris    infiilse  speciem    tenet,   in  qua  etsi 

I  non^  sedit,  cura  tamen  et  soUicitudine  suam  fecit.     Sic 

Omnipotens^pro  justitia  patientes  non  solum  in  future, 

sed  etiam  in  prsesenti,  exaltat,  Cujus  beneficiis  seternis 

sit  gratiarum  actio  in  ssecula  ssBCulorum.     Amen. 

Lectio  viii. 

Dunstanus  ergo  archiepiscopus,  doctus*  uti  armaturaTheexcei- 
vcrbi  Dei  olim  per  visum  in  gladio  verbo  Dei  inscripto  Dunsten  aa 
prsesignata,^  et   sibi  tandem  a  Domino   credita,  sseculo 
et  principibus  sseculi   altior,  in  ipsum'  serpentem  anti- 
quum ut  gigas   insurrexit,  membra   ejus   debellavit  et 
armis  in  quibus  confidebat  denudavit.    Humiles  erexit, 
mitibus  blanditus  est,  Deum  timentes   et  colentes   pro- 
vexit,  auctoritate  et  animi  virtute  ipsis   etiam   regibus 
quasi  imperator  dominatus  est.    Eadgarum  regem  paci-  He  anointed 
ficum   et   filiiun  ejus  sancttun  Eadwardum    martyrem,  Bdward,and 
cum   rege  iEthelredo,  in  throno   patrum   suorum   sacra 
unctione   perfusos   collocavit.      Hierarchia    ecclesiastica 
nisi  aut  claros  abbates   aut   monachos   religiosos  fungi 
non    permisit,    et    ipsos    divina    interdum   revelatione 
designates,  ut  subjecto  probatur  exemplo.    Beato  igitur  Heismi- 
Athelwoldo^  a  se  educate   et  in  prsesulatu  Wentonise '^  tSSden  to 

,  ,  J  1      !•  •  ...  .  oonaeciate 

promoto  ante  se  ad  coeiestia  prsemisso,  pussimus  eiqueEifeRoto 
usitatissimus  Andreas  per  visum    astitit  apostolus,  hoc  Winchester, 
oracule    usus,   "Abbatem    nomine   Elfegum   Wentoniae 
"  consecrabis  episcepum."    Qui  morse  ®  nescius,  Athebe- 
dum    mex    regem   per    internuncios   convenit,   Dei    et 
sancti  apostoli    suamque   super  Elfego  abbate  aperiens 


^  etsi  Ron]  et,  G. 

'  dodus]  dactos,  L. 

'  prasiffnata]  ugnata,  G. 


*  Ethelwold  was  bishop  of  Win- 
chester from  963  to  984. 

*  WenUmitB]  Wyntoni»,L. 
'  mora]  moz,  L. 


62 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


Ethelred 
complies 
with  Biin- 
stan's  ad- 
monition. 


Elfege  be- 
came arch- 
bishop in 
AJ).1006. 


Dunstan 
twice  saw 
the  mystic 
Dove. 


voluntatem.  Bex  autem,  Dunstanum  fidei  et  veritatis 
ciibTim  pernoscens  solidifisimum^  ejusque  invincibili  auc- 
toritati  contraire  Bciens  periculmn,  prsefettum  abbatem 
sua  munificentia  et  beati  Dunfitani  benedictione  dona- 
tum  Wentoniam  destinaVit  ad  perennem  ketitiam  civ- 
ium,  ubi  postquam  annis  sedit  viginti  tribus>  patris 
sui  DuBstani  meritis  Gantiam  translatus  et  arehiepi- 
scopus  ibi  levatus  est.  Actum  anno  incamati  Yerbi 
miUesimo  sexto.^  Magna  sunt  hsBC  quibus,  O  pater 
Dunstane^  angelica  visione  et  apostolica  visitatione 
dignissime,  nostro  attoUeris  quocunque  praeconio.  At 
majora  tibi  debentur,  sed  heec  poUuti  labii  cymbala 
tangere  non  merentur.  Quse  ergo  majora,  quod  tibi 
purissimo  coelestium  contemplatori  columbam  in  Jor- 
dane  Christo  baptizato  visam,  velut  alteri  Johanni  bis^ 
videre  datum  est ;  primo  quidem  ante,  secundo  autem  * 
post  susceptum  episcopatum.  Sed  tantse  puritatis  vi- 
sione purioris  eloquentiae  auctori  commissa,  utinam  in 
aures  ecdesiae  de  transitu  tuo  ad  Christum  quid  digne 
referam  ad  Quem  semper  expeditimi  te  dederat.* 


).j 


\ 


j^ 


Lectio  ix. 
The  warn-        "  Videtc,"  iuquit  Dominus,*  "vigilate  et  orate,  nescitis 

inff  to  watch  „         m  i,  •>»>^«  •  ■ 

and  pray,  "  emm  quaudo.  tcmpus  Sit.  Quomam  per  viam  mira- s.iiark«ziii. 
when  the  culorum  Dunstani  patris  incedentes,  et  ad  sanctum 
death  comes,  ejus  trausitum  quem  die  hodiema  colimus  loquendo 
tendentes,  in  base  verba  sancti  evangelii  offendimus, 
quibus  ipse  viam  ad  coelestia  ducentem,  videndo,  vigi- 
lando  et  orando  direxit; — ad  hsec  consideranda  ita 
cor  erigamus,  domini  et  fratres  mei,  ut  et  ea  beati  Duii- 
stani  gloriae  aperte  respondeant,  et  Dunstani  gloria 
eis  grata  vicissitudine  respondeat.  "Videte,"  inquit 
Dominus,  "vigilate  et  orate."    Dunstanus  igitur  videns 


'  mUledmo  acxto]  qainquagesimo 
et  sexto,  G. 
3  autem]  om.  L.  - 
^  ad  .  »  dederaf]     Ipsi  honor  et 


imperium    in   siecula   seculorum, 
Amen,  G. 
^  inquit  Dominus"]  om.  G. 


AUCTORE  ADELARDO.  63 

BeT.iT.6b     vidit,  qui  velut  animal  coeleste  ante  et  retro  oculatum^  Dtmstan 

I*  1*1  ....  •11  1      1^         1     1*    obeyed  this 

oculis  apertis,  laqueos  inumci  eavit  et  prudenter  decli-  oommand. 
navit.    VigUavit  ut  pastor  bonus  et  super  se  et  super 

B.  p.  44.  gregem  Domini  sui,  unde  et  merito  cimi  pastoribus, 
CiLristo  nato  pemoctantibus,  crebro  est  eoelesti  visita- 
tione   gloriatus.  Qui  transformans  in  Se  sponsam   quae 

ouit.T.a.  loquitur  in  Canticis  canticorum,  "Ego  dormio  et  cor 
"  meum  vigilat,"  dum  corpore  interdum  dormiebat  corde 
pervigil  ccelestibus  intendebat.  Nonne  quod  dicimus  His  heaven- 
hoc  darebit  exemplo  ?  quod  nocte  quadam  sancto  sopori 
deditus,  tanquam  ad  supema  raptus,  angelids  mulceba- 
tur  concentibus :  ibi  sanctos  spiritus  Sanctissimse  Tri- 
nitati    in   laudem    et   hominibus    in    salutem    audivit 

B.p.  SI.     modulantes  et   dicentes,  "Kyrie  eleyson,  Christe  eley- 
son^    Kyrie    eleyson."      Bursus    aliquando    cum    suis 
sedenti,  et  cuidam  artificio  manibus^  sed  mente  orationi 
et   ccelestibus   intendenti,   apparuit  gloria  Dei.     Ecce  His  harp 
enim  cithara  ejus,  ssepe  mambus  ejus  et  digius  saneun-  sounded  an 
cata,  ut  forte  parieti  haerebat  affiza,  cimi  ml  pateretur  warning, 
humani  ingemi,  ac  si  arte  et  pulsu  tacta  indtaretur, 
distincte  banc  ei  antiphonam,  sicut  ab  ecclesia  canitur 
modulando  resonabat,^  "  Qaudent  in  coelis  animae  sancto- 
"  rum    qui   Christi   vestigia    sunt   secuti."   et   csetera 
usque  in  finem.     Dulcedo   citharse  aures  omnium   de- 
lectabat,  sed  signiun  sine  exemplo   stupidos   reddebat. 
Ipse  vero   sanctorum   consdus   secretorum   qidbus  an- 
gelicum  quem  solus  vidit  conjubilare  intellexit  dtharoe- 
dum,  gloriabatur   in  Domino.     Sic  ergo   sive  dormiens   * 
sive  aliud  quid  corporaliter  agens,  semper  orando  vigi- 
labat  et  vigilando  orabat. 

Lectio  x. 

Quare  autem  vigilandum  sit  et  orandum  subinfertur^Thetimeof 
cum   didtur,  "Nesdtis   enim    quando  tempus   sit;"  et  certain, 
interposita   similitudine   de   homine   peregre  profeeto^ 

1  hone  .  .  remmabai]  om.  G.         |      ^  peregre  profecto]  tr.  L. 


64  VITA  SANCTI   DUNSTANI 

Anaiwi-      sermonem  attentius  commendat  dicens,  "Vigilate  ergo,  s.  Mark.  xm. 

being  always "  ncscitis  enim  quando  dominus  domus  veniat."  Piano 
sermone  commendat  nobis  Dominus  diem  vocationis 
nostrse,    paratos    nos    desiderans    invenire.      Sed    cum 

DuMtan      plures  elcctorum  tum   etiam  beatum  Dunstanum   diem 

and  others     ^  .       .  . 

had  fore-      vocatioms  susB  ccrtum    est  prsescisse,  nee   si bi    tantum 

waminKof  ,,  * 

hiadeatii.  soli,  sed  aliis  quoque  super  eo  revelatum  fuisse  quid 
est  quod  pius  magister  dicit,  "  Nescitis  quando  tempus 
"  sit/'  et  item  "  nescitis  quando  dominus  domus  veniet." 
Ad  quod  dicendumnjuia  quod  interdum  Sanctis  vocatio 
eorum  revelatur,  lioc  prius  orando,  vigilando  et  legitime 
certando  promeruerunt.  Unde  cum  Faulus  diceret,  "  Ego  2Tim.iv.6. 
"  jam  delibor  et  tempus  resolutionis  mese  instat,"  sub- 
junxit,  "bonum  certamen  certavi,  cursum  consummavi,  2Tim.iv.7. 
"  fidem  servavi."  Hujusmodi  ratione  liquet  venerabilis 
Dimstani  transitum  tum  sibi  quam  etiam  aliis  revela- 
tum fuisse.  Quod  si^  diligenter  audieris  exempla  re- 
On  the  feast  texam.  Dies  Dominica  Ascensione  festivus  sexto  de- 
sion,  Aif«r,"  cimo  kalcudas  [ Juniil  *  effulsit,  diem  quo   sacer  Dun- 

afterwai^as  i,  m,  _  ,  __ 

biahopof    '  stauus   coelos    cousccudit   prsecedens   tertius.     Et   erat  f 
had  a  vision  quidem   noctc   eadem    unus   ex    clero    ecdesise  Christi 
and  Sera-     nomine  Alfoarus*  qui   post  nobilis  in  Elmham   daruit 

phimcaUing-     .  °  -j  j     j-    •  •   •       • 

Dunstan  episcopus,  somno  quidem  camem  sed  divmae  visionis 
refectione  refovens  spiritum.  Huic  salubriter  soporato 
visum  est  in  ecclesia  se  fuisse,  et  ecce  dominus  Dun- 
stanus  in  solio  pontificali  sedens,  astanti  sibi  clero  jura 
canonica  dictans.  His  intendenti  visa  sunt  agmina 
'  coelestia  coronis  aureis  rutilantia  et  stolis  albis  canden- 
tia  per  omnes  ecclesise  januas  magna  irruere  frequentia. 
Hsec  sese  Cherubin  atque  Seraphin  esse  proclamantia, 
et  inthronizatum  Christi  antistitem  festa  nimis  ambi- 
tione  circumdantia,  "  Salve,"  inquiunt,  "  Dimstane  noster ! 
"  si  paratus  es  veni  et  nostro  gratiosus  jungere  con- 
"  tubemio."  Respondit  Dunstanus,  "Scitis,  O  sancti 
"  spiritus,  hodie  Christum  coelos  ascendisse,  et  mei  esse 


u 


^  si"]  om.  L.  I       '  Alfgar  was  bishop  of  Elmham 

3  Blank  in  C.  and  L.  from  1001  to  1021. 


AUCTORE  ADELARDO.  65 

"  officii  concursum  in  sinum  matris   ecclesise   populum  Dunstan  is 

i^i     •   .  •        T  i  to  die  on 

commumcare   verbo   et  sacramento  Cnnsti.     Ideoque  the  next 

Saturday. 

modo  venire  nequeo."  Et  dixerunt,  "Paratus  esto 
"  die  Sabbati  nobiscum  hinc  Bomam  transire,  quia 
"  oportet  te  coram  summo  pontifice  nobiscum  Sanctus, 
"  Sanctus,  Sanctus,  fetemaliter  canere."  His  dictis  visio 
disparuit.  Hoc  ideo  per  alterum,  fratres  carissimi,  re- 
velare  summse  placuit  divinitati,  ut  sanctitas  transituri 
prseconio  fulciretur  Celebris  testimonii.^ 

Lectio  xi. 
Se  quoque  de  imminente  sibi  gloria '  divinitus  edoc-  Thewonder- 

-'■■*•  " ,  .fill  charac- 

timi  inter  sacrosancta  eiusdem  diei  demonstravit  solem-  fo'of  wa 

**  -  .       .  Ia«tdi8- 

nia.  Cum  enim  ad  locum  sanctae  exhortatioms  suae  oounoB. 
ventum  est,  O  qualia,  O  quanta  per  organum  suum 
Spiritus  Sanctus  effiidit !  Nam  in  verbis  gratise  quae 
procedebant  conspectui  solis  hujus  apparuit  quern  ore 
et  corde  gessit.  Evangelizavit  ergo  qualiter  nunquam 
ante  evangelizavit,  et  exemplo  Domini  passuri  discipulis 
in  coena  mystica  pacem  et  caritatem  Suam  commen- 
dantis,  Camem  Suam  et  Sanguinem  in  cibum  spiri- 
tualem  transferentis,  commissam  sibi  ecclesiam  Deo  ^^ii^com- 
assignavit,  verbo  erexit  atque  auctoritate  apostolica  Toiurdon. 
a  peccatis  omnibus  absolvit;  postremo  sacrificio  Agni 
Dei  oblato,  Deo  reconciliavit.  Ante  communionem 
vero  sanctam,  data  ex  more  benedictione  ad  populum, 
solito  Spiritu  Sancto  afflatus  processit,  et  sanctarum 
sententias  benedictionum  gratiosus  absolvit.  Dein  com- 
missa  onmibus  pace  et  caritate  sua,  commissorumque 
absolutione  rursus  iterata,  cunctis  velut  in  angelum 
Dei  intendentibus  "  Vale  idtimimi  "  dixit.  Adhuc  His  fare- 
autem  populo  sanctum  ejus  colloquium  desiderante  et 
desiderabilem  ejus  vultimi  ardenter  sitiente  satisfactum 
judicavit,  et  vitam  suam  epidaturus  ad  sanctum  altare 
rediit ;   sicque  pane   vitae   refectus,   diem    ilium   spiri- 

1  Quod  at  .  .  .  testimonit]  om.  G.  |       ^  ghria]  hora,  G. 

E 


66        '  VITA  SANCTI   DUNSTANI 

tuali  laetitia   consummavit.     Nonne   his   claret,  domnii 
et   patres,    beatum    Dunstanum    pretiosae    mortis    suae 

Hia  last  tempus  pitescisse  ?  Sed,  ut  dictum  est,  merito  pnece- 
dentis  vitae.  At  jam  nunc  quomodo  invenerit  eum 
Dominus  vigilantem  audiamu».  Die  ergo  Ascensionis 
Dominicae  prsedicta,  coepit  columna  Dei  lente  viribus 
destitui ;  languore  autem  praevalente,  lectulo  suscipitur, 
in  quo  tota  sexta  feria  cum  nocte  sequenti  coelestibus 
intendens,  advenientes  et  recedentes  in  Domino  confor- 
tabat.  Mane  autem^  Sabbati  hymnis  jam^  matutinalibus 
peractis,   sanctam   adesse  jubet   fratrum^   congregatio- 

iiotakeathe  ncm.      Quibus  iterum  ^  spiritum  conmiendans,  viaticum 

^nu^    sacramentorum  Christi  coram  se  celebratum,  ex  mensa 
coelesti    suscepit      Undo    giutias    agens    Deo   psaUere 
coepit ;  "  Memoriam  fecit  mirabiUum  Suorum  misericors 
''  et  miserator  Dominus ;   escam  dedit   timentibus   Se."  Ps.  exi  4»  s. 
Inter  quae  verba   spiritum   in   manibus  Creatoris.  red- 

His  death     deus,  in  pace  quievit.     O  nimis  felicem  quem  Dominus  s.  i^uke,  xii. 
invenit  ita  vigilantem.     Sepultus   sane   est  in  sepulcro 
a  seipso  condito,   ubi  quosque  transeuntium  pontifica- 
liter  monet  sortis  propriae. 

Lectio  xii. 

Dunstan  Et  factum  cst  in  hoc  sacro  transitu  in  coelo  gaudium 

thooompany  angclis,  pius  luctus  in  ecdesiis,  conAisio  in  inferis.  Certum 

Angels;       est  cuim  Jerusalem  coelestem  animam  hanc  sanctam  ob- 

viis  laetitiaB  ministris  suscepisse.     Incitabant  enim  eam 

crebra  suspiria  cum   ingenti  desiderio  post  se   emissa. 

Num  sanctos  angelos  laudes  Dei  in  adventu  ejus  cre« 

dendum  est  siluisse,  quem  totiens  organorum  suorum  de- 

midcebant  suavitate  ?     Maximo  autem  dum  per  sancta 

cherubin  et  seraphin,  velut  quidam  angelus  aut  arch- 

angelus   ad   concinendum  sine    fine    Sauctus,*^  glorioso 

of  thePatri-  per  testem  idoneum  invitari  sit  visus.    Patriarchae  autem 

archs; 


'  autem]  facto,  ios.  G. 
^jam]  om.  G. 
'  fratrum]  om.  L, 


*  iterum']  om.  G. 

^  Sanctua]  Sanctus,  Sanctas,  ins. 


99 


I 


AUCTORE  ADELARDO.  67 

quasi  patriarcham  suscepere ;  et  in  sinu  Abrahse  feliciter 
condidere.   Jure  quasi  patriarcham  quern  cseteris  patribus 
et  loco  et  merito  praeesse  noverunt.    Quid  de  Sanctis  refe- 
rendum prophetis  nisi  quod  certatim  se  dederint  in  oscula 
prophetse   venientis  ?    'Prophetae,  dico,  quia  inter  plura  of  the  Pro- 
qusB  prsedixit  barbarorum  quoque  quam  patimur  impug- 
nationem  in  spiritu  prsBvidit,  et  post  excessum  suum  ven- 
turam  prophetavit,  a  quibus  populum  suum  liberet  om- 
nium liberator  Deus,  tanti  vatis  Sui  piis  intercessionibus. 
Num   ab  apostolis   est  desertus?  non  utique   desertus,oftheApos- 
immo  gloriose  receptus.     Num  desererent  ad  patriam  et 
ad  Christum  venientem  quem  frequentare  dignati  sunt 
in  terra  peregrinantem.     Sed  nee  sancti   martyres;  etofthoMar- 
merito,  quia  si  non  deesset  occasio  occumberet  utique 
gladio.     Exempli  gratia  ;  quidam  illustrium  pro  illicito 
matrimonio  saepius  ab  eo  redargutus,  sed  non  oorrectus, 
gladio  tandem  evangelico  est  a  Christo  divisus.      Qui  JjJ^l^^g 
Romam  adiens  dominum  apostolicum  pro  se  Dimstano »»?  rebuking 
scriptis  satisfacere  optinuit.     Hie  Dunstanus  juxta  inter- 
pretationem  nominis  sui^  montanus  utique  lapis,  ut  mons 
immobilis,  ut  lapis  angulari  lapidi  affixus,  moveri  non 
potuit:  sed  ipso  apostolico  mente  altior  in  se  solidus  g^^j^ftises 
perstitit,  "  Scias,"  inquiens  legato,  "  nee  capitis  plexione  g^  t^^- 
"me   a^  Domini  mei  auctoritate  movendum."     Ecce 
quomodo  cum   Johanne  propter  Herodiadem   truncato 
paratus  est  gladio  occumbere.     Jure  ergo  dictum  est  eum  Heiwd the 
a  Sanctis  martyribus  non  desertum.     A  Sanctis  autem  voartyr, 
confessoribus  ut  coheeres  agnoscitur,  cum  quibus  etiam  in 
mensa  Domini  epulattu-.     Quid  de  virginibus  dicam  ? 
Virginem  virgines  suscipiunt  et  reginse  suae,  angelorumHeianum- 
videlioet  dominatrici,  Mariae  a  Filio  et  Domino  suo  coro-  wiwitho 
natum  offerunt.     Beatus  igitur  es,  care  Dei  Duostane, 
qui  cum  angelis  angelus,   cum    patriarchis  patriarcha, 
cum  prophetis  propheta,  cum  apostolis  apostolicus ;  cum 
martyribus  martyr,  plura  pro  justitia  passus,  cum  con- 


>  a]  ad,L. 

E  2 


68  VITA  SANCTI   DUNSTANI. 

fessoribus  cohsBres,  et  cum  Sanctis  virginibus  virgo  esse 

Proof  of  hiB  probaiis  mundissimus.     Qui  cum  nubere  quondam  vo- 

chMucter.    lulsti,  ut  Johaunes  dilectus  Domini,  salubriter  sBgrotans 

virginitatem  perpetuam  elegisti.     Et  ideo  cum   iis  qui 

Address  of   non  inquinaverunt  vestimenta  sua  Agnum  Dei  sequeris. 

pivyerfor    Idco  in  coena  nuptiarum  Agni  Isetus  discumbis.^     Ergo 

'  cimi  talibus  et  tot  civibus  in  perpetuum  feliciter  gaude- 

bis,  et  in  ligno  vitaa  setemaliter  epulaberis.     Euge  nunc 

Dimstane  pie,  euge  pater  benigne,  ex  hominibus  quidem 

assumpte,  sed '  angelis  atque  archangelis  conjuncte.  Quae- 

sumus  ergo  per  tantas  feUcitates  tuas,  servulorum  post 

te  suspirantium  dementer  memorare,  jugiter  miserere. 

Offer,  egregie'  Dei  antistes,  pro  nobis  hostias  placationum 

et  thymiamata  precum,  quibus  expiati  te  laeti  quique 

sequamur  ad  sancta  sanctorum,  ubi  Christus  pontifex  ad 

interpellandum  Patrem  pro  nobis  introivit.     Ubi  et  te, 

die  hodiema  pontificali  gloria  coronatum,  regnare  prse- 

cepit.     Qui  cum  coaetemo  Patre  et  Spiritu  Sancto  vivit 

et  regnat  nunc^  et  per  immortalia  saecula  sseculorum. 

Amen.     Laus  Deo.    Amen. 

[Eocplidt  ^  vita  sanoti  Patria  mostri  Dv/nstani  ah- 
breviata  per  Adela/rdv/m  exigwma  fam/idv/m 
Sancti  Blandi/nienais  ccenobii ;  epistola  per  eum 
misaa  ad  Sanctvmi  EVphegv/ra  CarUuarienais 
ecdeaixB  o/riMepiacopv/m.  Soli  Deo  honor  et 
gloria.] 


^  dtscumbW]  discumbebis,  G. 
^  aed"]  secundus,  G. 
3  egregie]  om.  G. 


*  nunc"]  om.  G« 

'  ExpUdt,  &c.]  from  MS.  L. 


HI- 
VITA  8ANCTI  DUNSTANI  AUCTORE 

OSBERNO. 


AdeUrdy 
p.  58. 


Pbologus, 

Epistola  de  vita  Sancti  Dv/nstani,  a/rchiepiacopi  et 

confessoris} 

1.  Universis  catholicse  matris  ecdesise  filiis,  confrater  l>"i»«™  J^" 

,  been  fre- 

eorum  per  earn  quae  in  Christo  est  regenerationem,  Osber-  g*^?^*^ 
nus,  pacem  bonam  et  perpetuam  salutem.  Multorum  ssepe  JT**®.*^® 
ac    venerabilium    patnun    veneranda    mihi    auctoritas  i>«m»t«i. 
innuit,^  ut  vitam  magnifici  patris  Dunstani  litterarum 
monimentis  tradere,  atque  ad  Dei  laudem  hominumque 
utilitatem  ecdesise  deberem  auribus  insinuare.     Quibus 
dum  ego,  pro  fisicienda  excusatione,  illud  et  verum  obten- 
derem,  esse  plura  a  plerisque  non  ignobilis  usquequaque 
scientide  viris  de  hac  re  conscripta ;  vererique  me  homi-  S??*^®* 
num  reprehensiones,  qui  forte  inimos  nos  aut  certe  teme-  Sd  J£^"it 
ratios  vocare   possent,    dum    non  tam  nihil  satis  nos  «ir»dy. 
habere,  quam  nihil  nobis  satis  esse  posse  contenderent ; 
contra  illi  magis  nihil  satis  se  habere  quam  nihil  satis 
esse  posse  retiderunt,  et  hoc  probabilibus  rationum  firma- 
mentis  velle  se  astruere  dixerunt.    Nam  eorum,  inquiunt,  itisaiwwer- 

ed  that  their 

quorum  prsedpuam  interfuit  hujus  rei  diligentiam  habere,  ^^"  ^^' 
alii  etsi  satis  eleganter  non  tamen  satis  diligenter,  sed 
quantum  ad  noctumum  festivitatis  officium   satis  esse 
judicavere,  sermocinandi  ad    populum    modo  scripsere. 


>  The  text  of  the  Prologae  is 
from  the  Harleian  MS.  56.  (H.),  col- 
lated with  the  Lambeth  MS.   159 


(L.),  and  with  the  other  MSS.  F. 
E.  M.  N.  O.  mentioned  below,  p.  71. 
'  inmtit]  immiiiiiit,  F.  H.  L^  M. 


70 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


After  allad- 
ins  to 

Aaelard  and 
B.,  he  meal' 
tions  that 
the  better 
writings  on 
the  subject 
were  burnt 
at  Canter- 
bury in  AD. 
1007. 


Some,  how- 
ever, in 
EniirHsh  had 
survived.     - 


Osbem 
therefore 
undertakes 
the  work. 


The  merits 
and  faults 
of  it  must 
bechanced 
to  his  ad- 
visers. 


Alii  autem  dum  nimis  diligenter,  quemadmodum  quaeque  B.  p.  4. 
res  acta  sit  explicare  conarentur,  elegantiam  perdiderunt, 
atque  in  illud  dicendi  genus  quod-  sufiultum  Bomanas 
princeps  eloquentise  vocat,  inciderunt,  quod  facilius 
taedium  legentibus  quam  aliquod  audientibus  emolumen- 
turn  gignere  consuevit.  Qui  vero  in  utraque  parte  ' 
dicendi  elaboraverunt  ^  ut  essent  festivi  pariter  atque 
secundum  gestas  res  bene  ordinati,  horum  scripta  in  illo 
incendio  consumpta  sunt,  quod  ante  hos  annos  sancta 
Dorobemensis  ecclesia  cum  magno  suarum  rerum  ^  detri- 
mento  perpessa  fuisse  dinoscitur.  Sed  ab  his,  inquiunt, 
aliqua  in  patrium  id  est  in  Anglicum  sermonem  translata 
supersunt,  ex  quibus  id  quod  petimus  elicere,  et  in  La- 
tinam~3enuo~poteris  linguam  Deo  8uffi*agante  transferre. 

2.  Itaque  his  sive  rationibus  sive  rationum  auctoribus 
ad  scribendum  traductus,  malebam  alienee  volimtati  bene- 
dicendo  obtemperare  quam  propriaB  serviens  voluntati  a 
bene  dicendo  temperare.  Verum  ad  hoc  audendum  non 
sine  quadam  pudoris  suflFusione  accedo ;  propterea  quod 
omnium  ora  in  me  esse  existimo  veluti  in  hominem  more 
Laolii  novas  dicendi  victorias  pollicentem,  et  quasi  ea  quae 
ab  aliis  commode  dicta  sunt  commodius  se  dicturum  prai- 
sumentem.  Sed  ego  neque  illos  minus  commode  dixisse 
reprehendo,  neque  me  commodius  dicturum  promitto  ; 
sed  sive  id  dignum  fuerit,  sive  pro  tanta  rerum  materia 
digno  contrarium  ;  quod  intendo  illorum  meritis  aut 
culpse  ascribo,  quorum  imperio  atque  importunitate  victus 
hsec  scribo.  Quam  vis  et  mea  volimtas  tantum  devotionis 
erga  eundem  patrem  et  dominum  nostrum  obtinere  de- 
beat,  ut  si  nuUi  vellent  ista  a  me  expetere,  ego  pro 
persona  mea  non  dubitarem  ingerere.  Ita  namque  cum 
in  alios  me  vidente,  turn  in  meipsum  me  sentiente,  ejus 
merita  valuere.  Sed  non  fuit  consilium  quid  vel  in  alios 
me  vidente,  vel  in  meipsum  me  sentiente,  hoc  in  libello 
dicere ;  in  alio  vero  qui  de  signis  ad  sepulcrum  ejus  per- 


*  elaboraverunt']  laboraverant,  L.   |      '  suarum  rerum']  Buonim,  H. 


AUCTORE  OSBERNO. 


71 


petratis   scribetur,  dicere  consilium  fuit.      Nunc  autem  He  adds  a 

•  •«•  I*    •!    1*      •11*  I    .•  book  on  the 

pnmoFoia  nativitatis  illius,  processum  setatis^  cum  aug-  Mimdes. 
mento  gratiaa  coelestis,  oommutaiionem  mortalis  saeculi 
pro  immortalitate  seterni  sasculi,  quam  verissime  cona- 
bor  absolvere;  omissis  omnibus  hiis  quae  ita  fuere  mi- 
rabilia  ut  infidelibus  videantur  incredibilia.  Ac  me 
quidem  hiis  enarrandis  imparem  scio  ;  sed  in  Ejus 
nomine,  in  Quem  ipse  fideliter  credidit  et  Cui  ipse  fidele 
opens  ministerium  exhibuit,  ista  aggredi  temptabo. 

ExpUdt  prologus  in  vUam  Sancti  DuuTietani  archi- 
epiacopi  Cantiia/rienais  per  Osbernv/m  mcma- 
chvmi  et  prcBceifUorvmi  f^usdem  ecdeeicB  Christi 
CarduarieTisia, 


z^- 


Incipit  Vita  Sancti  Dunstani  Cantuariensis  Archi- 

episcopi  et  confessoris.^ 

3.  Regnante    magnifico   Anglorum    rege  ^thelstano,  Dunston 

.  1  .  ...  .  1         .  .        ,       was  bom  in 

anno  qmdem  impeni  ejus  pnmo,  adventus  vero  Anglo-  the  first 
rum  in  Britanniam  quadringentesimo  nonagesimo   sep-  .stheistan, 

1  timo,  cum  idem  rex  hostibus  circumquaque  subactis  pace . 

'  et  Concordia  regnum  tueretur,^  natus  est  puer  Dei  Dun- 
stanus  Wessaxonicis  ^  Anglias  partibus,  magnis  quidem 
pro  saeculi  dignitate  parentibus,  sed  ad  religionem,  quae 
Christianos  decet,  longe  majoribus.  Tanta  siquidem 
virtutis  ratione  viventes  animum  colebant,  tot  piis  ope- 
ribus  laborantes  insudabant,  ut  communem  mortalibus 
viam  ingressi  angelicis  spiritibus  mererentur  associari; 
sicut  eidem  filio  suo  postmodum  divina  *  revelatione 
iimotuit.  Quod  non  alienum  est  divinitatis  consilio  fac- 
tum conjicere ;  ut  videlicet  tantus  infans  tales  parentes 


'  The  text  is  from  the  Bodleian 
MS.  285  (R.)»  coUated  with  the 
MS.  Digby  110  (D.),  the  Harleian 
56  (H.),  the  Harleian  315  (I.),  the 
LambeUi  159  (L.),  the  Arondel 
MS.  16  (F.),  the  Cottonian  Tibe- 
rius, D.  ni.  (E.),  and  Tiberias  D. 
IV.  (K.),  theMSS.  2475  (M.),  5^84 


(N.),  5348  (O.),  and  5989  (P.),  in 
the  Royal  Library  at  Paris;  also 
with  the  version  of  Mabillon  and 
the  BollandiatB. 

^  tueretur]  teneretur,  L. 

'  Weasaxonicis]  Sazonioi8,0. 

*  divina']  om.  R. 


•  ««  Vk« 


72  VITA   SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

The  raorits  haberet,  qui  cum  ipsi  bene  viverent,  turn  bene  vivendi 
parents.      formam  nascituro  ex    se   filio   tradere   possent.       Mag- 
num   quippe   Deus    ilium    futurum    prsevidebat,   quem 
ibi    duleedinis    Suae    benedictionibus    pnevenerat,    ubi 
omnes  filii  Adam  nativsB  maledictionis   sententiam   ex- 
cipiunt,    si   non    per   assumptam    a  Filio  Dei   humani 
habitus  formam  ad  pristinam  reformentur  beatitudinem. 
Magnum  inquam  Deus  iUum  futurum  prsevidebat,  cui 
tantum   muneris   donatum   est^  ut  ante   mundo    signis 
innoteseeret  ^  quam  hunc  in  hujus  mundi  lucem  mater 
fudisset.     Atque  ut  csetera  dilucide   et  ordinate  proce- 
dant,  hinc  dicendi  initia  constituam. 
Tho  mirafiio      4.  Matemis  igitur  sinibus  sacro  puerperio  intumeseen-  Adelard, 
ofthoPuri-  tibus,  dies   Purificationis  sanctae   ac  perpetuae  Virginis  P*  ^^' 
before  hia     MarisB  illuxit  festivus.     Cumquc   vicinus   illic  undique 
populus  ad  ccclesiam  eidem  Virgini  in  Glestonia*  dicatam 
conflueret,  ut  devotionis  suae  ministerium  in  tanta  solem- 
nitate  Regi  regum  Christo  persolveret,  contigit  patrem 
pueri  Herstanum  cum  conjuge  sua*  Kynedritha*  adve- 
nisse,  acccnsisque  lampadibus  sacris  Missarum  solenniis 
interfuisse.      Jamque   plurimam   diumi  servitii  partem 
clerus  absolverat,    jam    quemadmodum  puerum    Jesum 
in  templum  parentes  inducerent,  recitari  coeperat,  cum 
repente    majestas    Domini    in    templo    apparuit,    quae 
omnia   omnium    luminaria   extinxit   totamque  domum 
tenebrosa    caligine     obtexit.       Hinc    gelidus    omnium 
membra  pavor  perserpit,  rigent  comae,  genua  collidun- 
tur.     Stabant  quippe   sensu  haerentes,  et  altemis  obtu- 
tibus   stuporem   indicantes.      Sed   ut  omnibus    darum 
fieret   quid  in   hac  re   ea  quae   apparuit   majestas*  in- 
tenderet,    extemplo     lux    coelitus  ^    emissa    in    templo 
resplenduit,    et    eum    quem    puerpera     manu   tenebat 
cereum  accendit.      Si  ante   populus   de   amisso  liunine 
niiratus    est,    nunc    majori   admii-atione   simul    et   ex- 
ultatione  detinebatur.     Exultabat  namque  prsesentem  se 


*  innotescerei]  ignotcsccret,  O. 
^  GlesUmid]  Glastouio,  L. 
^  sua]  om.  L. 


*  Kynedritha]     Eynedryda,    L., 
Kynedrida,  U.  M. 

^  majestas]  Domini,  inB.  B. 

•  ctrliius]  om.  O. 


I     m     •    nm.  mmgif'    t-'u^^i^^^— ■^^t—t^yyqBpwPiUBg^^ 


.     AUCTORE  OSBERNO.  73 

Dei  gratiam  vidisse ;  sed  mirabatur  banc  sibi  per  foemi-  ^Jj^j^^ 
nam  provenisse.      Hue  itaque  ab  omnibus   est  perrec-  the  Baptiat 
turn  et  hinc  lumen  omnibus  porrectum.     Habemus  ergo  ™^* 

8.LttkoL    novum  de  nova  Elisabeth^  Johannem,  habemus  nostri 

Jeram.L6.  temporis  Jeremiam:  quorum  alterum  Deus,  alterum  Dei 
archangelus,  in  matris'  utero  sanctificatum  asseruit. 
Atque  ut  excellentiorem  gratiam  advertas,  qua  die 
Filius  Dei '  a  matre  virgine  in  templo  est  prsesentatus, 
ea  nimirum  puer  Dei  in  matris  utero  ad  templum  est 
deportatus.     Lumen  ad  revelationem  gentiimi  et  glo- 

8.LnkQ,ii  riam  Israel  Sanctus  Symeon  e^idtando  proclamabat:^ 
lumen  nihilominus  in  terra  Anglorum  ezortum  Christus, 
Qui  verum  lumen  est^  lumine  dedarabat. 

5.  Postquam  autem  edendi  partus  tempus  advenit,  mu-  Birth,  bM>- 
lier  genuit  filium,  quantitate  quidem  corporis  parvulum,  SSingS 
sed   ea  qua  prseventus   fuerat  gratia  Dei   immensum.  ^^"^^■*^ 
Inde   statim  secundse  generationis  honore  potitus^  fu- 
turam  fidei  illius  soliditatem  jam  tunc  divinitus  prse- 
figuratam  in  nomine  ^  sortitmr ;  Dimstanus,  quod  petrse 
firmitatem  sonat,  parentum   suonuQ  annotatione   voci- 
tatur.^    Deinde   cum   teneros   infantise    annos    sequens 
letas    exclusisset,    et    linguam    in    apertos    sonos   jam 
formare  coepisset,  ad  templum  nascentise  i^ius  miracido 
quondam   insigne  cum  oblationibus  hostiarum  defertur, 
immo  ipse  hostia  viva  sancta  Deo  placens  offertur.     Ibi  Vuionof 

B.  p.  7.  illis  in  oratione  pemoctantibus  apparuit  vir,  aethereos  buiidingaat 
habens  vultus.  Locum  dixit  non  multo  post  tempore  bury, 
sublimandum,  puerum  ibidem  Deo  relinquendum,  et 
beatum  ilium  per  ssecula  prsedicandum.  Tum  mensoris 
funiculum  per  plana  atrii  extendens,  "Sic,"  inquit, 
"  aBdificabitur  locus  iste  ad  prseparanda  corda  illorum 
"  Domino  qui  hoc  in  loco  per  hunc  puerum  Domino 
"  credituri  sunt."  Qua  illi  revelatione  vehementer  gavisi 
immensas   Omnipotenti   Deo    laudes   persolvunt;   com- 


1  EHs(^th}  Elizabeth,  L. 

'  wiairU]  om.  R. 

•*  Deil  oin.  L. 

*  yroclamab'Ml  proclamat,  L. 


*  prafiguraiam  in  nomine]  om.  K. 

*  vociiatur']  vocitatiis,  D.  F.  K. 
L.M. 


74 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


HewMa  mendantes  puerum  in  templo  ut  esset  Levi^  Domino 
'  et  portio  illius  ezisteret  Donunus,  quemadmodum  Moysi 
dictum  est,  cum  divideret  Judssorum  per  tribus  sin- 
gulars incolatus^ ;  "  Non  erit  tribui  Levi  sors  inter  &atres 
"  suos,  dicit  Dominus ;  quia  Dominus  Deus  pars  illorum  Numb.xviiL 
"  est "  Unde  -Petrus  ostendens  se  portionem  in  Deo 
habere,  non  in  saacido,  "Argentum,"  inquit,  "etaurum* 
"  non  habeo ;  sed  quod  habeo  hoc  tibi  do.  In  nomine 
"  Jesu  Nazareni  surge  et  ambula."  Hoc  est ;  aurum  non  Acts  lu.  6. 
est  portio  mea;  ai^entum  non  est  portio  mea;  portio 
mea  Christus  est ;  hoc  nomen  munificum,  hoc  nomen  mihi 
fructuosum  est.  Talis  ergo  portionis  fructum  tirun- 
cuius  Christi  in  timore  sancto  assecutus,'  aasidua  mi- 
nistratione  Domino  serviebat,  proficiens  quoiidie  tam 
in  scientia  pietatis  quam  in  virtute  sanctitatis. 


state  of  6.  Ea  tempestate  Qlestonla^  regalibus  stipendiis  ad-B.  p.  lo. 

at^etixnS^  dicta,  monasticee  religionis  penitus  erat*  ignara.     Non-^^]"^ 


dum  enim  in  Anglia  communis  vitee  ratio  colebatur,  non 
usus  deserendi  proprias  voluntates  hominibus  affecta- 
batur.  Abbatis  nomen  vix  quisquam*  audierat.  Con- 
ventus  monachorum  non  satis  quispiam  viderat.  Sed 
cui  forte  id  voluntatis  erat  ut  peregrinam  veUet  trans- 
igere  vitam;  is  modo  solus  modo  paucos^  ejusdem 
propositi  comitatus,  patrios  egrediebatur  fines,  et  qua 
opportimitas.  vivendi  licentiam  dabat,  illic  alienigena 
vitam  agebat.  Hicque  mos  cum  plerosque  tum  vehe- 
irishpu-  menter  adhuc  manet  Hibemos,  quia  quod  aJiis  bona 
*  voluntas  in  consuetudinem  hoc  illis  consuetudo  vertit 
in  naturam.  Quorum  multi  atque  illustres  viri  divinis 
ac  ssecularibus  litteris  nobiliter  eruditi,  dum  relicta 
Hibemia  in  terram  Anglorum  peregrinaturi  venissent, 
locumque     habitationis    suae     Glestoniam     delegissent; 


p.  54. 


1  Lem]  Levis,  F.H.  O.  M. 

2  incoUUus]  incolatmn,  B. 
'  assecuius]  est,  ins.  L. 

<  Gleatonid]  Glastonia,  L.  The 
whole  paragraph  down  to  redundaret 
18  omitted  in  K. 


*  erat']  om.  L. 

*  quisquam]  quispiam,  L. 

7  paucos]  So  E.  F.  H.  L.  D.  K.  ; 
paucis.  Boll.  Mah. 


il 


AUCrOBE  OSBERNO.  75 

propterea  quod  esset  et  a  civili  multitudine  sequestra-  school  of    • 
tus  et  humanis  usibus  accommodus,  et,  quod  maxime  whereyounff 

,  nobles  were^ 

affectabant  peregrini,  Fatricii  religiosa  veneratione,  glo-  taught, 
liosus,  qui  olim  evangelizaado  regnum  Dei  illuc  perve* 
niens,  vita,  doctnna,  signis,  mirabilibus,  multipliciter 
daruisse  et  post  omnia  hsec  ibidem  in  Domino  quievisse 
perhibetur.  Cum  ergo  hi  tales  viri  talibus  de  causis 
Qlestoniam  vemssent,  nee  tamen  quioquid  sibi  necessa- 
rium  erat  suffidentissime  in  loco  repperissent,  suscipiunt 
filios  nobilium  liberalibus  studiis  imbuendos,  ut  quod 
minus  ad  usum  loci  ubertas  exhiberet,  eorum  quos 
docebant  liberalitate  redundaret. 
B.  p.  8.  7.  Adest  ergo  nobilissimus  in  Christo  puer  Dunstanus,  Dunstau's 

^  54^    '     inter  alios   unus,   immo    prse    aliis    solus ;    ubi    paulo 
diligentius  quam  imbedlla  setas  ferre  posset,  litterarum 
studio  intentus,  acerrimo   in   tenello   corpore  languore 
fatigatur;  adeo   ut  per   aliquot   dies   nee   quid   ageret 
nee  quid  ab  aliis  ageretur,  ipse  intenderet.     Flebat  au-  hu*  ainoss, 
tern   scolasticorum   cosetanea^  turba,  flebat  tota  domus 
familia;    ipsi    doctores    recordantes    modestiam    pueri, 
ingenium,   nobilitatem,   educationem.     Cumque  jam  in 
limine    mors*   adesse   putaretur,   nihilque   aliud  quam  and mimcu- 
funeris   obsequium   meditaretur,  ecce  intempesta  noctecovcry. 
coelestis  ilium  medicina  revisit,  quam  ei  per  angelicum 
ministerium    Cbristus    exhibuit.      Ac    ne    qua    salutis 
mora  innecteretur,  ubi  divina  provenerat  medicina,  con- 
festim  de  lectulo  surgens  doloris,  ad  templum  Deo  gra- 
tias  acturus   moderata  velocitate  currit,^  habens   Ilium 
in  itinere   ductorem,  Quem  in  sagritudine  habuit   Sal* 
vatorem.      Stupefacti   magnitudine   facti   qui   in  domo  He  rises 
erant,  qui  segrotantis  iUius  curam  gerebant,  lento  pedoandcoosto 

..  1*    •        1  ,     e*  •  •  ^^^,    A     the  church. 

preeeuntis  vestigia  terunt,  nnem  rei  cunosa  agilitato 
explorantes.  Necdum  medium  itineris  confecerat  cum 
malignus  spiritus,  sive  ejus  saluti  invidens  seu  futuram 
religionem  suspectam  habens,  latrantium  canum  multi- 
tudine   stipatus    occurrit,   viamque   eunti    intercludere 

*  coatanca']  cooctaueoruiu,  R.         |       ^  currit]  cucurrit,  K. 
^  mora]  mortis,  R.  I 


76  VITA   SANCTI   DUNSTANI 

•Ho  drives    contendit.      Exdamat   itaque    puer    Christum,    pavore 

dovfl'sdogs.  conterritus,  sed  ductoris  sui  prsesidio  vallatus ;  virgam 
arripit,'  quam  in  faciem  obsistentis  simulacri  vibrans, 
ipsuin  cum  omni  comitatu  in  fugam  compeUit.  O  sane- 
turn  et  teiribile  Christi  Nomen,  sapientibus  absconditum, 
parvuKs  revelatum  1  Ecce  draco  quem  initium  figmentiPfcdv.M. 
sui  finxit  Deus  ad  illudendum  ei,  non  solum  ab  angelis 
Dei  illuditur,  verum  etiam  a  puero  parvulo  superatur. 
Vere  detracta  est  ad  inferos  superbia  ejus,  in  profundum  isa.  xIt.  is. 
lad  concidit  cadaver  illius.  Sed  in  quo  ista  noster  potuit 
parvulus,  nisi  in  Illo  Qui  cum  sit  Deus  super  omnia 
benedictus   in    saecula,   parvulus    de   virgine  natus  est 

He  finds  the  uobis,  Filius  a  Fatre  datus  est  nobis  ?    Dunstanus  igitur  laa.  ii.  6. 

ci(^:        ad  portam  templi  veniens,  sed  eandem  repagulis  obser- 

oliinbs  the        i  •  •'  i  •••x'lix  •  *      ^ 

ladderand    atam  mvemens,  scalam  cui  inniti  solebant,  qui  superiora 

i^de?        templi  sarciebant,  ignoranter    et    quasi   per   excessum^ 

mentis  ascendit.      Inde   ad   alteram   tecti   partem    qua 

nullus  erat  descensus  progrediens,  angelicis  manibus  ad 

solum  deponitur,  et  in  interiora  templi  non  patentibus 

claustris  inducitur.      Orta  autem  luce  dum  per  vicinas 

domos  quaestio  de   puero   facta  ftdsset,  repertus  est  in 

templo     cum     iis    qui    noctumas    custodies     agebant, 

leni  sopore  offiisus.^    Bogatus  ut  tam  mirabilis  eventus 

Hodeciaros  Hiodum    exponeret,   non   esse   haBC   in    sua  conscientia 

mwonacioM  rcspoudit,  ot  ignorautium  mentes  majori   ambiguo   de- 

at  the  tune,  ^j^^it.     Sed  hii  quos  explorandi  gratia  puerum  secutos 

fuisse  praediximus,  de  omnibus  quae  usque  ad  suprema 

templi  fastigia  contigerant,  claro   et   probato*  sermono 

testificantur.     Caetera  vero  quoniam  et  illos  et  puerum 

latuerunt,  sola  Dei  potentia   mirabiliter   patrata   fuisse 

claruerunt.     Magno  igitur  *  timore  concussi  omnes    qui 

audierunt  cogitabant    quidnam  esset   quod   puero    con- 

tigisset;  dicentes  ad  alterutrum,    "Quid  sibi   vult  pucr 

"  iste,  cui  tot  et  tam  sancta  pracconia  attestantur  ?  Qui 


^  arripii]    arripuit,  L.  ;   aecipit, 
Boll. 
^  exce&suni]  ezcoBsam,  D. 


'  offiuus"]  efiusus,  L.  D. ;  effessus, 
B. 

*  probaio]  turbato,  L. 

*  igiiur]  ergo,  R. 


u 
it 
u 
(t 
t( 
li 


AUCTORE   OSBERNO.  77 

ante  beatus  quam  natus :  ante  virtus  prodidit  fflori-  The  wit- 
osum  quam  setas  probaret  adultum/  bingulan  gratiaceptitasa 
hunc  praeditum  videmus,  quern  angelus  aegrotum 
sanavit,  diabolus  sanatum  contremuit,  ecdesia  signata 
excepit."  Et  denuo  orantes,  "  Augeat/'  inquiunt, 
Deus  meritum  pueri  ad  gloriam  Sui/'  At  ille  regentis 
se  Christi  Spiritu  repletus,  aures  quidem  corporis  a  suis 
laudibus  avertebat,  sed  in  secreto  pectusculi  Deum  bene- 
dicebat.  Ab  illo  itaque  die  in  tanta  admiratione  habitus 
est^  ut  plurima  ilium  utriusque  sexus  midtitudo  quamvis 
adhuc  delicatum  videre  cuperet.  Ipse  vero  quanto 
excellentiora  audiebat,  tanto  de  se  minora  sentire.^ 

B.p.  10.         8.  Jamque  vemans  setas  adolescentiae  decus  induerat^  He  takes 

*  .  .  J.  ,  .    minor 

cum  eum  parentes  sui  sacros  ordines  rogarent  susci-  ordew. 
pere,  ut  qui  fiierat  a  primseva  setate  Domino  electus 
per  hujusmodi  gratiam  eidem  conjunctius  adhsereret. 
Quorum  ille  voluntate  humiliter  parens  minores  gradus 
et  habitu  suscepit  et  vitse  honestate  servavit.  Tum 
vero,  quod  illi  aetati  non  parvo  omamento  *  est,  certabat 
omnes  officio  superare,  gratia  et  affabilitate  omnes  an- 
teire,  servare  pudicitiam,  fiigere  lasciviam ;  appetitor 
honesti,   turpitudinis  ^   execrator;   majonmi  natu  collo- His  demean- 

•  •1  .  II*  11*  •■!  1     our  in  Ilia 

quiis  adesse,  juveniun  ludicra  declmare ;  ciborum  ab-  youth, 
stinens,  somno  temperans,  incessu  gravis,  neque  facile 
moveri  loco,  neque  abrupte  loqui ;  magnaa  fiduciae  ad 
incipiendum  bonum,  constantise  ad  perficiendum;  prin- 
cipium  bene  agendi  Deum  semper  habere,  finem  vero 
Eidem  commendare.  Moribus^  quoque  bonis  accessit 
studium  sacrae  lectionis,®  cujus  exercitio  et  vitiorum 
importunitates  evitabat  et  virtutum  augmenta  nutrie- 
bat.  Et  quoniam  studium  parvam  habet  efficaciam  ubi 
naturale  ingenium  non  suggerit  intelligentiam,  auctore 
Deo  sic  utraque  praeditus  erat,  ut  et  facilitate  ingenii 


*  Qidd  .  .  .  adaUuM]  om.  B. 
^  8aiHre]  sentiebat,  R 
'  omamento]  om.  B. 


torpis,  B. ;   honestatis,  taipitudiniB, 
O.L. 
'  Moribml  MaJoriboB,  D. 


^  honesti,    turpitudnoM  ]    honeBti,  I       ^  lectionis]  religioniB,  B. 


78 


VITA  SANCTI   DUNSTANI 


fle  learns 
music ;  but 
not  as  a 
iooeof 
uxury. 


K 


HiapTogreM  quamlibet  rem  acutissime  intelligeret,  et  occupationc 
studii  quodcunque  intellectum  faisset  firmissime  retine- 
ret.  Ex  quo  in  brevi  factum  est  ut  neque  pneceptoribus 
suis  imperitior,  et  condiscipulorum  peritissimiB  ^  multo 
esset  ipse  peritior.  Fhilosophorum  scientias  quas  earum 
rerum  quae  sunt  et  quae  aliter  esse  non^  possunt  cog- 
nitionem^  veritatis  vetustas  esse  diffinit,  ut  sunt  mag- 
nitudines,  et  earum  aliae  manentes  motuque  carent^, 
alias  vero  quae  mobili  semper  ratione  vertuntur  nee 
ullis  temporibus  adquiescunt;  midtitudines  quoque,  et 
earum  nihilominus  alias  per  se,  aliae  in  ratione  positae ; — 
horum  inquam  scientias  diligenti  excoluit  ratione,  mag- 
nam  in  his  et  constantem  prospiciens  esse  perfectionem. 
Et  quamvis  his  onmibus  artibus  magnifice  poUeret, 
ejus  tamen  multitudinis  quae  musicam  instruit,  eam 
videlicet  quae  instrumentis  agitatur,  speciali  quadam 
affectione  vendicabat  scientiam ;  sicut  David  psalterium 
sumens,  citharam  percutiens,  modificans  organa,  dmbala 
tangens;  sed  non  sicut  hii  quorum  inertiam  et  luxu- 
riosum  otium  propheticus  noster  increpat  armentarius ; 
"  Qui  dormitis,"  inquit,  "  in  lectis  ebumeis,  et  lasdvitis 
"  in  stratis  vestris;  qui  comeditis  agnum  de  grege  et 
"  vitidos  de  medio  armenti ;  qui  canitis  ad  vocem 
psalterii,  sicut  David.  Putaverunt  se  vasa  cantici 
habere,  bibentes  in  phialis  vinum."  Nee  eo  ista  com-  Amofl»Ti.«. 
memoramus  quo  hiis  opus  esse  ad  perfectionem  ten- 
denti  arbitremur,  sed  ut  multiplices  Dei  gratias  in 
juvene  commendemus.  Nam  omnibus  saecularibus 
studiis  praeferebat  scientiam  pietatis,  quae  in  evange- 
licis  et  apostolicis  continetur  litteris,  dum  sua  semper 
ingenia  sanctorum  patnun  auctoritati  contradens,  et 
ambas  res  ad  easdem  litteras  conferens,^  fidem  veram, 
morum  disciplinam,  et  quod  unum  ac  solum  prae  om- 
nibus   quaerendmn    est,   vitam    aetemam    se    invenisse 


ft 


tt 


He  loved 
pietv  abov 
all  tilings. 


1  peritisnmis]  peritissimonun,  B. 

^  non]  om.  L. 

3  cognitionem  ]      cognitione,    R. 


This  ifl  a  quotation  from  Bdetios  de 
ArithmeHca,  0pp.  p.  1296. 

^  co^ferens]    Here  the  Harleian 
MS.  815  (I.)  begins. 


AirCTOUE   OSBERNO.  79 

gaudebat.     Sicut   ergo   David  nostri   simphonista  vasa 
cantici  habuit,  quia  usum  illorum  non   nisi   in   divinis  Heconid 
laudibus   expendit.     Prseterea   manu   aptus    ad    omnia,  carve, 
posse  facere  picturam,  litteras  formare,  scalpello  ^  impri- 
mere,  ex  auro,  argento,  aere  et  ferro,  quicquid   liberet 
operari. 

Adeiard,         9.  Tunc  audita  fama  venerabilis   viri  Cantuariorum  He  soes  to 

0*55  !••  •Aii«»»  nf        vlwt  the 

*^'  •  archiepiBcopi  Athelmi,  eujus  ipse  erat  nepos    et  nlius  archbishop, 

fratris,  permissu  parentum  suorum  proficiscitur  ad  eun- 
dem,  quatenus  tanti  parentis  et  cognitionem  haberet  et 
vitee  illius  exemplo  juveniles  mores  informaret.  Lseta- 
batur  itaque  episcopus  nimis  in  adventu  nepotis,  con- 
sideraos  in  iUo  venustatem  corporis,  animi  vigorem  m 
totius  honestatis  eminentiam.  Unde  eo  quo  afflatus  est 
Dei  Spiritu  vas  electionis  ilium  futurum  prsenoscens, 
potiori  gradu  decorare  et  regi  iStbelstano  feniiliari  jj^"jjj^ 
contestatione  eum  studuit  commendare.  "  Hunc,"  ait,  *«  the  king. 
"  juvenem  mihi  quidem  plurimum,  regime  vero  stirpi  non* 
''  nullo  consanguinitatis  jure  devinctum,  vestrse  excel- 
"  lenti8B  commendo,  ut  stet  jugiter  in  conspectu  vestro, 
"  audiatque  verbum  ex  ore  domini  mei  regis.  Expe- 
''  riar^  in  illo  gratiam  vestram,  "quam  multiplicem 
*'  ssepe  in  maximis  rebus  expertus  sum,  et  deinceps 
''  amplius  me  experturum  confido."  Quod  rex  prompta 
cordis  alacritate  accipiens,  oblatum  juvenem  gratissime  ^^^^ 
excepit,  unice  dilexit,  post  hsBC  necessariis  quoque  rebus  ^J^^****^^" 
regia  vice  praeesse  constituit.  Dunstanus  igitur,  terreno 
degens  in  palatio,  egrediebatur  et  ingrediebatur  ad 
imperium  regis,  et  prosperatum  est  in  manibus  ipsius 
quicquid  operis  ipse  coepisset.  Et  nunc  quidem  sur- 
gens  ad  orandum  Deum,  nunc  sedens  ad  dijudicandas 
causas  hominum,  ita  se  sapienter  ac  circumspecte  age* 
bat,  ut  et  Deo  per  omnia  placeret,  nee  aliquem  pie 
viventium   sua  culpa  offenderet.     Dominus   enim  erat 

Gen.  mix.  ciun  iUo,  et  Omnia  ejus  opera  dirigebat.     Iterum  cum 

*  4ca/pe//o]  Bcnlpello,    L.,    Bca-  |      '  Experiar"]  circa  me,  ins.  R. 
pello,  I.  N.  I 


80  VITA  SANCTI   DUNSTANI 

He  plays  on  videret   domimim   regem   sa3cularibus   curis   fiEitigatum, 
before  ftio    psallebat   in   tympano    sive   in  cithara,  sive  alio  quo- 

libet  musici  generis  instrumento ;  quo  facto   tarn   regis 

quam  omniiim  corda  principum  exhilarabat. 

Heisasked  10.  Tiinc  cujusdam  matronsB  frequenti  ac  religioso  ro-  B.  pp.  20- 
desi^^fors  gatu  compellatus  est,  ut  ei  stolam  sacerdotalem  artifidosa 
operatione  praepingeret,  quam  postea  ad  divinos  cultus 
aurifactoiia  imitatione  figuraret.  Qui  assiimpta  in  ma- 
nibus  cithara,  ad  domum  tendit  religiosae,  citharam  in 
pariete  suspendit,  opus  ad  quod  venerat  diligenter  in- 
stituit.  Cumque  manum  operi,  cor  autem  atque  labia 
Deo  prsepaniret,  apparuit  in  domo  gloria  Domini,  qu» 
ilium  jocunda  suavitate  reficiebat,  caeteros  vero  insolita 
admiratione  exterritos  reddebat.  Nam  cithara  iUius 
quam  affixam  parieti  fuisse  diximus,  ita  ut  erat,  pen- 
dens in  paxillo,  absque  ullo  moventis  dumtaxat  hominis 
impiilsu,  consuetam  omnibus  hujus  antiphonse  melodiam 
acutissima  simul  ac  discretissima  modulatione  perso- 
Hisharp     nuit ;  "  Gaudent  in  coelis  animsB  sanctorum  qui  Christi 

play  8  an  '  ^ 

whuShois  "  vestigia  sunt  secuti,  et  quia  pro  Ejus  amore  sangui-- 
80  employed.  <'  nem  suum  fuderunt,  ideo  cum  Christo  gaudebunt  ^  in 
"  seternum."  Exrfliunt  itaque  obstrepentes  puellulse,* 
materfSaxailias,  omnisque  domus  clientela,  vociferans^ 
hominem  nimium  esse  sapientem,  amplius  eum  quam 
quod  expediat  scire.  At  ille  mundissimo  mundissimi 
cordis  intuitu  coelestem  ilium  musicum  intendens,  ad- 
moneri  se  intelligit,  ut  vias  duriores  arripiat,  ut  Christi 
vestigia  propius  sequatur,  ut  sanguinis  sui  eflftisionem 
non  metuat,  si*  Dei  regnum  et  vitam  delectat**  habere 
setemam.®  Audivimus  olim  rudentem  asinam  verba  edi- 
disse;  citharam  vero  sine  humano  impiilsu^  sensualiter 
cecinisse  nunquam  audivimus.  Ilia  insidentem  ne  mo- 
reretur    retinuit;    ista    ne   mors   timeretur  admonuit.^ 


1  gatuiebunt]  regnabant,L.     See 
above,  p.  21. 
3  pueBula]  paellae,  B. 
^  vociferans']  yociferaiitcB,  R. 
*  «]  Bed,  D. 


^  deUetat"}  delectetj  L. 
"  atemam]  perpetuam,  R. 
7  impulsu']  pnlsu,  L. 
^  lUa  .  .  admonuit']  om.  L. 


AUCTORE  OSBERNO.  81 

Ilia  angelicos  vultus  pertimescens  subsedit,  ista  ad  as- This 
pectum  ^  Dei  et  angelorum  HUus  omnes  audientes  invi-  indeed, 
tavit.     Sed  Tua  hsec  sunt,  Christe,  magnalia,  qusB   in 
ISio   Dunstano    operari    et    per    nostrum    ministerium 
prsedicari  hominibus  voluisti. 
B.pp.  11-      11-  Accensus  ergo*  furore  diabolus,  quod  tarn  Sanctis  The devii 
13-  principiis  juvenem  niti  conspiceret,  in  invidiam  aliquo-  i>unrtMi'8 

rum  eum  conatus  est  adducere,  ignorans  malam  volun- 
tatem  suam  Deo  famulari,  ad  perfidendam  Dei  bonam 
voluntatem  in  homine,  quern  ad  conregnandnm  et  con- 
gaudendum  ipse  prsedestinaverat.  Inflammat  itaque  in- 
videntise  stimulos,  operarios  iniquitatis,  qui  conficto 
mendacio  opinionem  juvenis  apud  regem  Isedant;  asse- 
rentes'  ilium  malis  artibus  imbutum,  nee  quicquam 
divino  auxiUo  sed  pleraque  d^monum  pmstigio  ope- 
rari.  Advertens  autem  Dunstanus  fieMuem  regis  non  esse  He  leaves, 
sieut  heri  et  nudiustertius,  palatio  discedere  parat ; 
malens  regem  sponte  sua  deserere  quam  ipse  invitus 
a  rege  derelinqui.  Quod  ubi  compertum  est  ab  his 
qui  probitatis  illius  improbissimi  semulatores  exstiterant, 
insidiis  iter  obsident,  socios  disturbant,  ilium  equo  de- 
jidunt;  suppliciis  affligunt;  postremo  vinculis  irretitum  Heisat- 
in  dstemam  quse  juxta  erat  depellmit.  Cum  interim  plunged  in  a 
horrendo  molossorum  agmine  defensus,  a  quibusdam  delivered  by 
hominibus  invenitur,  quorum  studio  ac  pietate  ad  vicum 
fovendus  transfertur.  Tum  ille  ex  profiindo  cordis  sus- 
B.  p.  13.  pirio  ingemiscens  ait,  "  O  sseva  propinquorum  meorum 
**  vesania,  in  caninam  ssevitiam  ex  dilectionis  humani- 
''  tate  mutata.  Nam  irrationalis  canum  natura  dilec- 
<'  tionem  mihi  humanitatis  blandiendo  exhibuit,  pro- 
"  pinquitas  vero  humanitatem  oblita  infestantium  canum 
"  me  severitatem  ostendit."  Intellexit  ergo  hoc  esse 
principium  certaminis  ad  quod  ilium  divinus  nuper 
citharoedus  prsemonuit. 


*  aspwtum]  affectum,  L.  |      '  aMerentes]  affiimantes,  R. 

2  ergo]  igitur,  D.  F.  K.  L.  M.         I 


82 


VITA  SANCTI   DUNSTANI 


Dunstan 
is  invited  by 
EUegeto 
become  a 
monk. 


His  argu- 
ment in  re- 
ply, and 
£lfege'8 
answer. 


Dunstan 
deliberates. 


12.  Profectus  autem  inde  cognatum  pontificem  adiit  B.  pp.  is, 
iElphegum/  qui  tunc  temporis,  Wentaiwe  prsesidens  ecde- 
sise^  vitam  virtutibus  decorabat.  A.  quo  frequenti  sup- 
plicatione  rogatus  ut  monachum  indueret,  quatenus  qui 
angelicse  conversationis  initda  haberet,  perseverantiam 
in  habitu  demonstraret ;  respondit  ille  excellentioris 
gratisd  esse  qui  in  saeculo  consenuit  et  iamen  quae  mo- 
nacho  digna  sunt  fecit,  eo  qui  se  monasterio  dedit,  nee 
quicquam  aliud  prseterquam  quod  sibi  statutum  est 
post  haec  facere  potuit.  "Alteram,"  inquit,  "necessi- 
tatis est,  alteram  libertatis."  Ad  hsec  episcopus, 
Omnibus,''  ait,  "in  commune  summa  necessitas  est, 
ut  qui  ignem  gehennsa  voluerit  effiigere,  ignem  con- 
cupiscentisB  studeat  extinguere.  Ignis  vero  concu- 
piscentisB  non  multum  extinguitur,  si  fomenta  iUius 
humanis  sensibus  non  subtrahuntur.  Sicut  enim 
ligna  ad  ignem,  sic  ea  quae  sensibus  subjacent,  ad 
concupiscentiam.  Sed  nulla  erit  fomentoram  sub- 
tractio,  si  saeculariiun  negotioram  non  fuerit  renun- 
ciatio.  Ex  quibus  omnibus  id  elicitur;  ut  si  ignem 
gehennas  volueris  eflftigere,  saBCulo  studeas  renunciare. 
Ad  h»c  quod  praedpue  in  mundo  appetitur,  libertas 
est  hominis.  Hac  enim  omissa,  caetera  possideri  ne- 
queunt.*  Quod  si  possidentur,  ilia  non  desinit  ha- 
beri.  Quapropter  quamdiu  illam  retinueris,  illud 
Deo  non  dedisti,  quod  maxime  dilexisti:  ut  ergo 
des  quod  maxime  diligis,  iUa  desinat  haberi."  Cum 
ergo  *  hiis  et  hujuscemodi  verbis  per  singulos  dies 
episcopus  insisteret ;  et  Dunstanus  aut  veris  aut  verisi- 
millimis  rationibus  insistentem  differret,  quadam  die 
vehementer  hoc  cogitationis  ambiguo  pulsatus  est,  ut 
quid  in  vita  quam  maxime  appetendum  fiiisset,  virtus 
an  voluptas,  uxor  an  virginitas,  magnopere  deliberaret. 
Quem  sub  tali  ambiguo  positum  gravissima  febris  in- 
vasit,  atque  ad  desperationem  vitae   perduxit.     Jacebat 


^  ^Iphegum]  Elphegam,  H.  L.  ; 
Elfegum,  D. 


^  nequeunf]  non  quennt,  L. 
'  «n;o]  igitnr,  D.  F.  £L  L.  1£ 


AUCTORE  OSBERNO.  83 

itaque   sine  exspectatione   salutis  segrotans,  nee  nllom  Aftera 
intuentibus  viventis  sensiim  prsebens.     Turn  ex  inspe-  neas  he  de- 
rate recalescens,  "Hie,"  ait,  "legibus  voluptatJLs  renun- become  a 
"  do,  hie  me  sempitemum   sibi   adversarium  promitto. 
''  Nil  eum  nxore  foederis  paeisear ;  sola  me  virtus  mili- 
''  tern  habebit.     Tnsaniim    quippe  est  illam  animi  mei 
"  dominatricem  sustinere,  qusQ  nee  viventes  reddit  sa- 
"  tiatos,  et   morientes   relinquit   desperates.     Virginem 
"  me  Virginia  Filius  hue  usque  servavit;  virginem  me 
''  virginum   regina   Maria   habebit."     Confestim  aceito 
ad  se  episeopo,  postulat  sibi  dilates  religionis  benedie- 
tionem   dari.      Episcopus,  immensa    laBtitia   pro  salute  and  is  re- 

•        1       .  .  .  .  ft  1      •!  Ml         oeivedasone 

sunul  et   conversione  juvenis   perfusus,  celenter  ilium  by  EUege. 
monachali   ac   sacerdotali    gratia    promovit,    attdtulans 
ecdesiaB    beatae   MarisB^   Yirginis,   cui   eum    ab    initio 
parentum  suorum  sponsio  dieavit. 

13.  Consummatis  autem  primis  inceptse  conversionisHefsoesto 
diebus,  cum  eum  episcopus  ad  versus  insidias  diaboU  ^t^un^at 
sermone   instruxisset  et  auetoritate  roborasset,  dimisit  bmy. 
eum   proficiscentem   ad  locum  suse  generationis  prin- 
dpium ;  ibique  in  ecdesia  prsefisktae  ^  Virginis  mansitabat, 
operans  ea  quae   pisB  religionis  norma  exigebat.    Cui 
etiam  adhserentem  cellam  sive  destinam  sive  spelaBum, 
sive  alio  quolibet  nomine   rectius  nominari  potest,  non 
enim  invenio  qua  id  appellatione  quam  proximo  vocem,  ^^ooantoc 
cum   non  tarn  humani  habitaculi  quam  formam  g^^t^bichhe 
sepuleri ;  propriis  laboribus  fabripavit.     Ut  enim  de  re 
quam  ipse  vidi,  testimonium   feram,  quantum  mea  fert 
aestimatio,  longitudo  ejusdem  ceUae  non  amplius  quin- 
que  pedum,  latitude  vero  duos  semis  pedes  habet.     Porro 
altitude  staturam  exprimit  hominis,  si  quis  in  defossa 
terra  constiterit.    Aliter  enim   neque   satis  ad   pectus 
porrigitur,  ut,  sicut  dixi,  magis  mortui  videatur  sepul- 
crum  quam  viventis   habitaculum.     Unde   manifestum 


>  Maria}  om.  B.  |      '  prttfata}  beats,  L. 

F  2 


84 


VITA  SANCTI  DXJNSTANI 


Dunstan's 
cell. 


Yisited  by 
the  author. 


A  visit  from 
the  devil. 


Danstan 
heats  his 
tongs. 


est  ilium  neque^  jacendo  somnos  oepisse  et^  stando 
semper  Deum  orasse.  Ostiolimi  autem  idem  est  quod  ^ 
paries.  Quod  enim  ingredient!  ostium,  idem  ingresso 
paries  fiebat.  Neque  vero  in  tantillo  opere  ostium  nisi 
in  toto  fieri  valebat.  Medium  ostioli  fenestella  aperit, 
per  quam  lumen  operanti  irradiavit.  Miserum  me  ac 
peccatorem  fateor  inspexisse  sanctum  sessionis  ipsius 
locum,  vidisseque  etiam  manuum  illius  opera,  pecca* 
tricibus  manibus  contrectasse,  oculis  apposuisse,  rigasse 
lacr3rmis  et  flexis  genibus  adorasse.  Becordatus  nam- 
que  sum  quam  saepe  clamantem  me  in  periculis  exau- 
dierit,  quam  misericorditer  auxUiatus  fuerit,  et  idcirco 
neque  lacrymis  temperare,  neque  si  fieri  potuisset  inde 
recedere  volebam.*  Hsec  juveni  domus,  hie  lectus,  hoc 
de  toto  mundo  spectaculum.  Sed  his  angustiis  ampla 
et  spatiosa  urbium  moenia  comparari  non  possunt,  cum 
per  easdem  angustias  hodie  et  febridtantes  ^  salutem 
obtineant,  et  dsemonum  furores  quiescant,  et  plurima 
invalitudo  convalescat. 

14.  Verimi  ne  paupertatem  illius  diabolus  misereri* 
videatur,  quem  antea  non  sinebat  in  palatio  habitare, 
eum  nunc  nititur  depellere  tugurio.  FaJlax  ergo  fallacem 
hominis  adopertus  imaginem,  sub  obscuro  vespere 
cellam  petit'  adolescentis,  inmusso  capite  fenestrse  in- 
cumbit,  cemit  ilium  fabrili  opere  occupatum,  postulat 
sibi  quippiam  opens  fabricari.  Dunstanus  autem  neque 
calliditatem  ejus  advertens,  neque  importunitatem  ferens, 
operi  quod  postulabatur  animum  intendit.  Interim  ille 
perversa  compositione  verba  facere,  mulierum  nomina 
inserere,  luxurias  ®  commemorare ;  deinde  religionem  os- 
tendere,  et  denuo  eadem®  repetere.  Tum  vero  athleta 
Christi  quis  esset  intelligens,  tenacula  quibus  ferrum  te- 
nebat  fortiter  ignire,  suppressis  labiis  Christum  invocare. 


^  neque']  om.  L. 

3  somnos  . .  ef]  somnam  .  .  sed,  R. 

3  quod]  qui,  B. 

^  Miserum  .  .  .  tfol^Kim]  om.  R. 

*  febricitantes]  fobricantes,  L. 


^  vdsereri]  miserari,  H.  I.  E.  L. 


M. 


7  petit]  om.  R. 

"  luxurias]  Inxuriam,  B. 

'  eadem]  earn,  B. 


AUCTOBE  OSBEBNO. 


85 


<( 


€( 


Cumque  per  summos  fines  eadem  ienactda  candentia  vi-  HeieiBM 
deret,  sancto  actus  furore,  celeriter  ea  de  igne  rapit,  lar-  thlfaoe.  ^ 
valem  fieudem  tenaculis  indudit,  et  totis  viribus  renitens 
monstrum  introrsum  trahit.     Jam  stando  vires  sumebat 
DimstanuB,  cum  is  ^  qui  tenebatur  avulso  pariete  tenentis 
86  manibus  aufugerat,  tales  immani  rugitu  fremens  ulu- 
latus :  "  O  quid  fecit  calvus  iste,  O  quid  fecit  calvus  iste."  Oatciyof 
Tenui  namque  sed  formosa  c^sarie  erat,  et  ea  re  taUa  de  *^'^^'- 
homine  damitabat.    Mane  autem  facto  congregata  est  ad 
eum  non  parva  propinqui  populi^  multitudo,  sciscitans 
quisnam   ille  clamor  fuisset,  qui   tanta   eos  vehementia 
dormientes  terruisset.     "Dsemonis,"  ait,  "furor  iUe  fuit, 
qui  nusquam  me  vivere   sinit,  e  cella  quoque  ejicere 
temptat.     Caute   vos   agite   ab  illo ;   quia  si  vocem 
"  irati  ferre  non  potuistis,  societatem  damnati  quo  pacto 
**  sustinebitis  ? "     Post  hunc  diem  Dunstanus  quasi  in  wonder  of 
procinctu  belli  manere,'  virtutibus  diabolum  ad  certamen 
lacessere,  corpus  inedia  macerare,  animam    orationibus 
decorare,  sciens   in  nulla  re  ma^s   diabolum    superari 
posse  quam  in  ea  quam  Dominus  dicebat,    ''  in  jejunio 
8.]U(i[,iz.  "  et  oratione."    Unde   cum   pudicitia  corporis  tantam 
cordis   munditiam  obtinuit,  ut  vix   eum  latere  posset 
quicquid  sinister  spiritus  molitus  fuisset. 

Fama  itaque  nomims  ejus  universam  percurrit  regio-  His  great 
nem,  quse^  ad  visendum  hominem  Dei  omnium  corda 
accendit.  Omnis  setas,  uterque  sexus,  darus  et  ignobi- 
lis,  tenuis  et  pecuniosus,  privatus  et  cum  potestate, 
omnes  omnino  Dunstanum  loquuntur,  sapientiam  prse- 
dicant,  virtutem  magnificant. 

B.  pp.  11,       15.  Mulier  qusedam  nomine  .^ll%iva,^  regali   exorta  Tho  lady 
^^*  progeme,  magnarum  divitiarum,  quae  omne  semen  regium 

matemo   semper  affectu  dilexerat,  foverat,   nutriverat, 
innisa  manibus  suorum  ad  hominem  Dei  accessit,  sane- 


1  m]  om.  L. ;  hie,  Boll. 

>  propatqui   p(^ult]     propinquo- 
nun,  B. 

>  manere]  coBpit,  ins.  D.  L. 
*  quaf}  qui,  B.  . 


*  ^Ifgiva]  Ethelgifa,  L. ;  nomine, 
om.  B. ;  Elgifa,  Mab. ;  Elgive,  Boll. ; 
Elfgifii,  O.  D. ;  BlQnva,  H. ;  MM- 
gifo,  F. ;  .filfgiTB,  E.;  Mfgi&iy 
K. ;  JElfgiTS,  B. 


86  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

Herdevo-    tissimo  illius  colloquio  perfrui   desiderans.     Quae    cum 
attachment  ex  Ore  iUius  verbiuu  audisset,  adeo  delectata  est  dul- 

to  DmutAn. 

cedine  vitae  setemaa,  ut  ulterius  neque  domum  repetere, 
neque  loco  discedere,  sed  cum  beato  Dunstano  manere, 
vivere,  mori  diligeret.  Proinde  habitationem  sibi  in 
affinitate  sacri  templi  constituens,  audiendo  verbo  Dei 
sedula  adesse^  fiajneliciB  stipem  dare,  vestem  algentibus, 
ipsa  multee  continentise  operam  dare,  prorsus  ad  omne 
opus  justitise  promptissima  existere.  Circa  venerationem 
beatee  Virginis^  Marise  ita  fervens  erat,  ut  in  templo 
illius  ^  quamplures  sacri  ordinis  viros  locaret,  quibus  ipsa 
quascunque  necessaria  forent  sila  liberalitate  exhiberet. 
Qua  de  re  in  tantum  apud  eandem  Virginem  ejus  me- 
rita  valuere,  ut  si  quando,  necessitate  coacta,  quippiam 
postularet,  vix  aUqua  intercedente  morula,  ab  eadem 
susciperet.  Ut  enim  sine  tsedio  legentium  aUquantulum 
ab  incepto  digressionem  fiskciam  (neque  enim  a  re  quam  B.  pp.  17, 
tenemus  multum  deviat);  dum  quodam  tempore  prsefa-  * 
Visit  of  tus  rex  ^thelstanus  *  propter  loci  religionem  Glestoniam 
venisset,  ilia  veterem  volens  servare  consuetudinem,  qua 
regibus  ministrare  solebat,  orat  eundem  ut  ad  se  di- 
vertat,  prandium  quod  sib;  paraverat  dignanter  suscipiat. 
Quod  rex  non  sine  verecundia  annuens,  non  enim  igno- 
rabat  quid  in  pauperes  Christi  ipsa  expenderet,  prsacepit 
regisB  ministrationis  provisoribus,  ut  scirent  si  omnia 
commode  ac  moderate  parata  fuissent.  Illi  autem  cir- 
cumspectis  omnibus  abunde  omnia  esse^  renundant;  si 
ejus  tantummodo  potus,  qui  mollis  ac  myrti  aspergine  ^ 
confidtur,  sufficientiam  haberent.  Quibus  ilia,  '^  Non 
Deficiency  "  patiatur/'  inquit,  "Domina  mea  mater  Domini  mei 
^[^I^HuJy^'  "  Jesu  Christi  Maria,  ut  in  omnibus  rebus  quae  regiam 
suppUed.  «  decent  magnificentiam  deesse  quippiam  valeat."  Et 
accurrens  in  templum  beatissimae  Yirginis^  rogat  per 
ejus  largifluam  bonitatem  augeri  quod  in  regali  minis- 
terio  minus  videbatur  haberi.     Sedit  itaque  rex  multo 


*  V\rginxB\  cm.  R. 
3  iUius\  iUi,  R. 

'  JEthebtanus  ]  om.  F.  H.  I.  D. 
L.M. 


*  esse]  om.  R. 

^  eupergine]  aspersione,  R. 

^  Virginu']  Marise,  ins.  L. 


AUCTORE  OSBERNO.  87 

stipatus  militum  ^  satellite ;  hauriunt  ministri  modicum  Abundanoe 
illud  confecti  liquoris.  Ita  vasculimi  permansit  immi-  want. 
nutum  ut  mulieris  Sareptense*  vel  hydriam  farinse  vel 
lecythum  olei  putares.  Denique  tota  die  de  vasculo 
hauriunt,  tota  nihilominus  die  inexhau^tum  reperiunt. 
Ad  quod  factum  rex  mente  immutatus,  "  Peccavimus," 
inquit,  ''nimis  in  famulam  Dei,  multitudinis  nostrse  8U- 
'*  perfluitate  earn  aggravantes."  Ita  dixit ;  post  dictum 
faciem  avertit,  via  qua  coepit^  profectus  est. 

B.  pp.  18-      16.  Sed  jam  ut  ad  id  quod  instituimus  attingamus;iUnes8o( 
^'  transacto  laboirum  suorum  glorioso  certamine^  gravi  cor- 

poris infirmitate  coepit  hsec  eadem  laborare.  Ad  quam 
dum  moerens  pater  Dunstanus  intraret,  post  uberrimas 
alterutrarum  lacrymarum  inundationes,  post  humillimam 
pisB  confessionis  devotionem,  post  dulcissimam  de  beata 
spe  et  adventu  Domini  Salvatoris  consolationem,  hor- 
tatur  iUam,  ut  nudam  se  ab  omni  mundana  specie 
faciat,  ne  in  transeunte  quicquam  suum  princeps  mundi 
inveniat.     Cui  ilia,  " Neminem,"  inquit,  "in  mundo  sicut  ?®''^?S^ 

'  '         1       '  disposition 

"  te  carissimum  habeo,  propterea  quod  te  praedpuum^^^^'pj^ 
"  salutis  meae  auctorem  scio,  salvo  eo  quod  Deiun  om-^J^^^ 
"  nipotentem  totius  bonitatis  principatum  tenere  credo. 
"  Ilium  ergo  rerum  mearum  hseredem  facio,  te  vero 
"  haereditatis  tutorem  constituo ;  ut  quicquid  Ilium 
"  cognoveri»*  veUe,  tui  arbitrii  sit  effectui  mancipare." 
Quod  beatus  Duiustanus  audiens,  et  quamvis  invitus 
ejus  voluntati  morem'  gerere  volens,  imiversas  gazas 
ejus  qu8B  in  rebus  mobilibus  superesse  poterant,  ex- 
templo  pauperibus  erogabat:  csetera  autem®  ad  ecde- 
siarum  sublevationem  reservabat.  Jam  sol  vergebat^ 
ad  occasum,  et^  Dunstanus  noctumas  fugiens  tenebras, 
ad  suum  remeat  ergastulum.  Et  ecce  dum  ostium 
ecclesiae  psaUendo  prseteriret,  erectis   ad  coelum  oculis, 


1  militum]  om.  F.  H.  I.  D.  L.  M. 
'  ScwepteiuB]  Sareptinoc,  L. ;  Sa- 
rq>tanie,  BolL 
>  ecepif]  fecit,  B. 
4  cognoveris]  noveris,  L. 


^  morem"]  fayorejn,  R. 
"  autem"]  om.  R. 
'  vergebat"]  urgebat,  L. 
*  ei]  om.  L. 


88  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

Dunstan      omnipotentis  Dei  Fatris  et  Filii  coaetemum   Spiritum  B.  pp.  is- 
mystioDove.  in  ^  columbse   specie  videt  descendentem ;  Cujus  corpus  ^^' 
omni  candore  nitidius^  alarum  vero  remigia  scintillantis 
ignis  splendorem  per  aera  spargebant.'     Quam  '  ille  tunc 
vere   beatus   pia  mentis  aviditate  contemplatus,  pene- 
tral   illud   morientis   matronse   subintrantem   conspidt. 
Condte   igitur   unde   venerat   regressus,  videt   domum 
Divini  splendoris   fulgore   splendescere,  audit  foeminam 
intra  septa  oppansi  veU  giatias  agentem,  miratur  col- 
loquium   ac   dicendi   finem   patiens   auditor   exspectat. 
Deinde  velo  levato   penetral   subintrat;  stelliferi  illius 
nomen    requirit,    nundum    interrogat.      lUa   excellenti 
quadam  gratia   vultus   perfusa    modeste    arridens    ait, 
EUkifu  ex-    "  Tu  stelliferum  antequam  hue  venires  vidisti ;  et  nunc 
Lrwmder-  "  cui   sum    locuta   interrogas  ?     Ipse   est   Qui   tiU   ad 
uid^nuS "  ostium    ecdesias    psallenti   apparuit,    Qui   et  me  de 
^  "  pavore  imminentis  mortis  conterritam  visitationis  suae 

"  gratia  consolari  dignatus  est.  Annuncio  itaque  om- 
"  nibus  amids  meis  tristandum  de  mea  morte  non  esse, 
"  quoniam  morientem  me  aetemse  vitae  claritas  susd- 
'*  piet.  Tibi  autem,  carissimo  ac  singulari  amico,  ube- 
''  res  gratias  refero,  propterea  quod  tuis  semper  in- 
"  structa  admonitionibus  et  adjuta  orationibus,  ecce  ad 
"  Deum  vado;  unum  tibi  et  ultimum  si  ausim  dicere, 
"  fado  prseceptum ;  ut  summo  ^  diluculo  unguinis  ^  sacri 
"  ac  Dominici  Corporis  partidpem  me  facias,  quatenus 
''  his  vivificis  mimita  mysteriis  non  confundar  in 
"  porta,  dum  ibi  fuero  inimicis  meis  locuta."  Cujus  P*.  cxxm  6. 
imperio  venerabilis  pater  Dimstanus  annuens  abiit,  mane 
juxta  condictum  rediit;  itaque  omnia  peregit,  ut  finita 
fere  Missa,  cum  ipsa  Corpus  et  Sanguinem  Christi  sus- 
cepisset,  animam  pariter  Christo  tradidisset.  Qua  hono- 
rifice  in  ecclesia  beatae  Marise  sepulta>  Dunstanus  cum 
de  illius  turn  etiam  de  sui  ipsius  patrimonio  sollidtus, 
nam   uterque   parens  obierat,   nee   prsBter  eum  alium 


'  tu]  om.  B.  ■ 

3  ^pargdMtU]  spai^gebat,  B. 

'  quam]  qnem,  H.  K.  B. 


*  aummo'}  om.  L. 

*  ungvinis]  sangainis,  B. ;  sacne 
nnctionis,  E. 


AUCTOBE  OSBEBNO. 


89 


B.  pp.  15, 
16. 


hsBredem  reliquerant,  primo  quidem  eandem  ecclesiam 
vicmioribus  atque  uberioribus  terris,  quae  in  omni  pa- 
trimonio  erant^  muneravit.  Caeteras  vero  fimdandis 
quinque  monasteriis  pro  situ  terrarum  ab  invicem  se- 
jimctis  reservavit.  Quse  monasteria^  sequentium  regum 
I  temporibus  in  tantum  per  ejus  industriam  sic  aucta  sunt} 
ut  singulis  complurium  monachorum  turbee  inessent, 
qui  omnes  secundum  regulam  ab  eodem  patre  institutam 
viverent. 

17.  Exinde  sanctus  vir  majoribus  sese  virtutum  pro- 
fectibus  dedens,  deprecatus  est  Dominum  ostendi  sibi 
gloriam  justorum,  ut  qui  earn  per  fidem  bene  creditam 
haberet,  per  manifestationem  cognitam  dulcius  amaret. 
Talia  ex  CQrde  meditanti  astitit  juvenis,  decore  insignis, 
quern  puerum  olim  in  corpore  ipse  puer  noverat  et 
sancta  semper  familiaritate  dilexerat,  referens  ea  quse 
sunt  setemse  vitse  gaudia,  ilium  vero  in  hoc  ssdculo 
plura  passurum,  d^monum  insidias,  maUgnitates  homi- 
num ;  post  omnia  hsec  ad  summos  gradus  perventurum, 
multa  hominum  millia  Deo  lucraturum,  cumque  iis 
coeli  regna  scansurum.  Sed  cum  ille  propter  cautelam 
dicenti  assensum  non  dedisset,  apprehensum  ilium 
juvenis  in  atrium  templi  induxit;  ostendensque  locum 
eatenus  inconvulsum,  ait,  ''Ut  nulla  te  credendis  hiis 
''  quse  audisti  dubietas  attingat,  ante  triduum  pres- 
"  byter  quidam  hie  sepeliettir,  qui  nondum  infirmatur.'' 
Exsurgens  autem  mane  ab  oratione  Dunstanus,  convo- 
catis  in  unum  dericis  ad  locum  venit,'  positoque 
signo  ait  "  Si  vera  sunt  quse  mihi  noctumo  tempore 
"  ostensa  sunt,  ante  tres  dies  presbyter  quidam  hie 
"  sepeliettir;  et  nondum  infirmatur."  Vix  illis  ab  in- 
vicem digressis  ^  supervenit  ejus  foeminse,  quam  proximo 
laudavimus,  curialis  quondam  presbyter ;  qui  facta  cum 
dericis  conventione  prsefisktum  locum  in  sepulturam  ob- 
tinuit,  dicens,  "Cum  me  Deus  e   corpore  migrare  jus- 


Dmutan 
founds  and 
endows 
monisteries. 


He  has  a 
▼isionof  a 
dead  friend 
who  reveals 
to  him  his 
future  life. 


As  a  sign  of 
his  truth,  he 
points  to  a 
plaoe  where 
apriest^now 
in  good 
hedth^wm 
be  buried 
within  three 
days. 


1  OMCta  tuni]  crevemnt,  R. 

^  m]  om.  B. 

>  venW]  pervenit,  R. 


*  ab  inmeem  digreuU]  abeuntibus 
.  .  .  digredientibtii,  R. 


90 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


"  serit,  hoc  in  loco  meas  precor  reliquias  sepelite."  B.  p.  16. 
Puifliment  Beccssit  ergo  presbyter  vespera^  sanus;  noctu  rediit 
SBgrotus ;  decubuit,  agonizatus  est,  defungitiir,  in  loco 
beato  patri  signato  sepelitur.  Stupor  ingens  circum- 
dedit  omnes  propterea  quod  idem  vir  tarn  mira  de  loco, 
tempore,  ac  persona  prsedixisset ;  quae  omnia  post  haec 
vera  ipsi  et  manifesta  vidissent.  Ipse  autem  de  ostensa 
ac  promissa  sibi  setemse  vitse^  gloria  Isetissimus  effi- 
citur;  de  cseteris  vero  non  parum  tristis  ac  sollicitus 
redditur. 


Edmund 
becomes 
king.. 


His  confi- 
dence in 
Dunstan. 


Dunstan's 

S>wer  under 
dmund. 


Envy  of  the 
nobles    . 
against  him: 
he  is  dis- 
graced. 


18.  Defuncto  autem  rege  ^thelstano,  frater  ejus  EbA-  B.  pp.  21, 
mundus  imperii  monarchiam  suscepit.  Qui  cum  sciret 
quanta  olim  virtute  venerandus  pater  Dunstanus  in 
palatio  fulsisset,  quam  justis  operibus  et  rectis  consiUis 
prseditus  fuisset,®  ac  per  hoc  fratemo  semper  eum  amore 
dilexisset,  directis  ad  eum  nunciis  orat,  ad  se*  dig- 
netin:  venire,  ut  quem  omnipotenti  Deo  noverat  ac- 
ceptum,  eum  inter  regios  proceres  et  palatinos  prin- 
cipes  summum  faceret  principatum  tenere.  At  Dim- 
stonus  sive  praeceptis  apostolids  obedire  volens,  quibus 
omnis  anima  potestati  sublimiori  subdita  esse  debere  Bom.  xiii.  1. 
prsecipitur,  sive  regnum  justitiaB,  quod  ex  ^  magna  parte 
obsoleverat,  in  terra  Anglorum  exaltare  cupiens,  regiis 
petitionibus  assensum  tribuit,  consistens  pro  tempoirum 
vicissitudine  in  palatio,  et  tam  ipsum  regem  quam  omnes 
Anglorum  prindpes  justitise  legibus  summittens.  Sed 
cum  fere  semper^  fiat  ut  ex  alionun  industria  aliorum 
crescat  invidia,  ciunque  ad  quam  virtutem  pessimus 
quisque  non  valet  assurg^e,  eam  in  assurgente  ^  conetur 
expugnare ;  iterum  sicut  olim  a  plerisque  nobilium  in 
prosperos  Dunstani  successus  est  offensum,  et  regi  ut  a 
consortio  illorum  pelleretur  falsa  criminatione  sugges- 
tum.     Bex  autem  plus   honesto    falsis   favorem    attri- 


^  vespera]  vcspere,  L. 

2  atemoi  vitai]  om.  R. 

3  qtULm  .  .  .  fuis8et'\  om.  R. 

*  dignetur  ad  se]  at,  ins.  L. ;  in- 
ter!. B. ;  om.  Boll.  Mab. 


*  car]  et,  L. 

'  semper"]  om.  D.  E.  F.  H.  I.  L.  M. 

7.  (usurgente]  assorgentem,  B. 


AUCrrORE  OSBERNO.  91 

B.  pp.  28|   buens^  Dtinstanum   et  rebus  et  regia  gratia  privatum  on  the 
^'  tsuria  proturbari  jubet.    Sic  primo,  sic  secundo  die  tran-  the  king, 

situm.    Jamque  ^  tertia  lux  advenerat  et  rex  cum  suis  Cheddar, 

comes  to  the 

venatum    ibat.      Nemus    autem    quod    venandi    gratia  ©^iKe. of  a 

'■■  *-*  precipice. 

intraverat  mons  Ceddrorum  *  perexcelsus  concipit,*  qui  * 
medio  sui  interruptus  ingens  baratirum  et  immane  prse- 
dpitium  de  summo  spectantibus  ostendit.  Igittir  rex 
per  devexa  mentis  frsena  laxare,  et  per  devia  qusBque 
fugientem  cervum  insectari.  Fatigantur  utrique,  rex  pro 
cervo,  cervus  pro  semet  ipso.  Omni  tandem  fugiendi* 
libertate  negata,  bestia  prsecipitium  petit,  ruit,  ac  in 
partes  minutissimas  conscissa  deperit.  Sequentium  ca- 
num  similis  interitus ;  ultimum  regem  sonipes  advexit ; 
qui  viso  comminus  quod  prse  se  fortuna  pararat,  retraxit 
habenas,  veetorem  quoque  reflectere  nisus ;  cum  repente 
ruptis  frsenis  et  de  manu  porro  rejectis,  volucri  cursu 
sessorem  regem  equus  asportat.  Quid  plura  ?  Omnino 
de  se  diffidens,  de  Dei  vero  misericordia  nonnihil 
confidens,  cceleste  auxilium  implorat,  sicque  confitendo 
orat,  "Deus  Rex  omnipotens  Qui,  cum  sis  super  omnia  He  confesBes 
«  excelsus,  humilia  respicis  et  alta  semper «  a  longe  cog-  gg^ 
PB.czxxiriu.  "  noscis,   adesto   nunc   non^  regi   sed®  homim   C8eteris*ndwmi- 

*  •  ^  raculouflur 

"  mortalibus  simili,  inque  supremo  mortis  periculo  con-  preaerved. 
"  sistenti;  nee  reminiscaris  injuriarum  fideli  Tuo  Dun- 
"  stano  per  me  illatarum ;  quoniam  si  me  ipsius  mentis 
"  a  prsBsenti  morte  eripueris,  quoad  vivam,  devotum 
"  me  ®  Tui  nominis  et  illius  laudatorem  habebis."  Nec- 
dum  plene  verba  finierat,  et  quod  dictu^®  est  incredi- 
bile,  sed  Deo  nibil  impossibile,  quasi  Divina  manu 
retentum  animal  in  summo  voraginis  fixum  manebat. 
At    iUe    corde    pariter    et    ore    excelsas    Deo    gratias 


e. 


1  Jamque"]  Itaqae,  Boll. 
3  Ced^vrum]  Cedroram,  E.  H.  K. 
>  coneipit]  conspicit,  L. 
*  qui'\  in,  ins.  L. 
'  tandemfvgiendi]  itaqne  fogienti, 
B. 


^  semper']  om.  L. 
7  non]  om.  L. 
^  ged]  om.  L. 
'  me]  om.  B. 
10  dichi]  dictum,  D. 


92 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


ance. 


u 


It 


i< 


« 


Edmund      referens,  DunBtanum   suae  liberationis  auctorem   adesse  B.  pp.  24, 
Kwdeiiver-  jubet,  et  qu8B   per   ilium   Divinitas   operata  sit,  coram 
omni    principe  ^  exponit.     Et  apprehensa  dextera  viri 
osculatus  est  earn  et  dixit,  ''Agnosco,  virorum  Sanctis- 
''  sime,  quid  in   te  commiserim    mali ;   non  per  fidem 
"  meam  quod  ego  voluerim,   sed  quod  a  pessimis  ego* 
''  hominibus  coactus  id  fecerim.     Grates  ergo  dementise 
"  Dei,  quae  non  modo  debitum   mihi  supplidum   non' 
"  inferre,    verum    etiam    indebitum    voluit   beneficium 
praerogare,  dimi  me  a  praecipitio  mortis  eripiens  lon- 
gioris  vitae  spatia  in  tuis  nominibus^  concessit.     Sit 
eigo   deinceps  inter  nos  perfectae  familiaritatis   per- 
petua   integritas ;    sit    disponendis   in   palatio   rebus 
"  libera  tibi   semper   facultas;   sit   in   toto    Anglorum 
"imperio    judicandi    inter    virum    et    pro^imum    ejus 
''  summa  potestas.    Atque  ut  animi  mei  affectum  ^  circa 
te  cognitum  habeas,  ilium  locum  tibi  in  quo  te  geni- 
"  tum,   educatum,   conversatimi   accepi,    perpetuo  jure 
possidendimi   trado,  ut  quodcunque  de  illo  velis  sta- 
tuere,  tui  arbitrii  sit  considerare.     Quod  si  id   cordi 
tuo  potissimum  sederit,  ut  ejusdem  ordinis  viros  cujus 
"  tu  habitum  geris,  ibidem  aggregare  placuerit,  quidquid 
eis  in  quacunque  re  defuerit  ego  ob  gratiam  tui  regia 
liberalitate  supplebo." 

19.  Igitur  Dunstanus,  accepta  potestate  super  regiam  B.  p.  25. 
mansionem,  quae  Glestonia  vocabatur,*  post  paucos  dies 
augustioris  ecclesiae  fimdamenta  jacere,  officinas  secun- 
dum exemplar  olim  sibi  ostensum  construere,  et  con- 
simimatis  omnibus  magnum  pariter  atque  egregium 
monachorum  agmen  ibidem  coadunare.''  Quibus  ipse 
primus  ®  abbas  effectus,  ad  tantam  perfectionem  justitiae 
omnes   cohabitantes   adduxit,  ut  quasi   coeli    luminaria 


Hegiyes 
Glikitonbuiy  ^^ 
toDuiutan. 


u 


<t 


(( 


<t 


tt 


Dnnstan's 
refomui  at 
Glaston- 
bury. 


1  principe]  plebe,  R. 
'  ego]  om.  L.  M. 
'  non]  noluit,  R.,  on  an  erasure. 
*  in  tui»  nominibus]  tuis  oradon- 
ibas,  R. 


•  affectum]  cffectum,  D. 
®  vocabaiur]  vocatur,  D.,  with  the 
correctioii  to  vocabaiur, 
7  coadunure]  ccepit,  ins.  L. 
^primus]  om.  K. 


AUCrOBE  OSBERNO.  93 

B.  p.  26.     ad  effiigandas  totius  erroris  nebulas  et  peccatorum  tene- 

bras  viderentur.     Tunc  ad  omnes   drcumquaque   eccle-  Theflounsh- 
sias  ex  hisdem  monachis  pontifices  eligi,  tunc   abbates  tionoftiie 

•      1  1      .  1*  tr»   •  •x*  monastery 

assumi^  tunc  denique   diversorum   omciorum   prsepositi  provokes  the 

....  .  ,  .,,...  .,  anger  of  the 

institui^  propterea  quod  essent  et  religionis  mento  prse-  deviL 
cipui  et  doctrinse  sapientia  clarissimi,  et  ad   catholicse 
fidei  defensionem   prsestantissimi.     Sed  tantse  religionis 

i8hii.xvL   spiritus  Domini^  malus   impatiens,  quo  pacto  virum  a 
statu   rectitudinis    dejiciat,  quantis   valet   insidiis   ela- 

B.  pp.  S6,  borat.     Cuius  oculis  in  cubiculo  quadam  nocte   orantis  Dunstan 

27  .  -I  .....  ,  11  detects  him 

immanem  se  lupum  ingent;  iterumque  post  paululumintwoduh 
vulpem  blandientem  confingit.  Quam  ille  specierum 
varietatem  subridens,  "O  te/'  inquit,  "per  omnia  simi- 
"  lem  tibi !  O  formas  tuse  actioni  congruas  dum  in 
"  altero  cruentum,  in  altero  te  comprobes  fraudulen- 
"  turn !  Yade  jam,,  inimice,  quoniam  in  Ejus  nomine  te 
"  vincam  in  lupo  et  vulpe,  Qui  te  in  leone  superavit  et 
"  dracone."  Cemens  autem  magnam  se  a  dsemonibus 
invidiam  pati ;  nee  suis  nee  filiorum  suorum  viribus 
satis  confidens,  adhibuit'vitae  suse  patronum  Andream  Duiutan 

chooses 

apostolum,  ut  esset  fidus  interpres  apud  Deum,  assiduus  s.  Andrew 
in  tenra  comes,  atque  in  omnibus  hujus  mundi  turbi-  & 
nibus   custos  ind^ficiens.     Hujus   ipse   assidua  protec- 
tione  quasi   muro  vallatus,  securus  infra  cellam  agebat 
setatem,   excelsa   mente   imiversa   mundi   transcendens, 
et  in   amore  Divinitatis  jugi   meditatione   requiescens. 
Adelaid,     Unde    suavissimis    superorum     spirituum     concentibus 
p.  56.         saepe  interesse  promeruit,  bonam  futurse  mercedis  spem 
Deo  tribuente,  ut  qui  angelon^n  conversationem  agebat 
in  terra,  iUorum  sodetatem  agnosceret  in  coelo.     Deni-  His  warning 
que    dum    prse&to    regi    Eadmundo    fOius    nascereturSSS^" 
nomine  Eadgarus,  puer  videlicet  pacis  ac  justitiaB  baju- 
lus  futurus,  audivit  idem  beatus  beatos  in  coelo  ange- 
los  gratulantes,  et  cimi  magna  gratulatione   psallentes, 
"  Sit  pax,  sit  magna  Anglorum  ecclesiaB  Isatitia^  quam- 
"  diu  puer  natus   regnum   tenuerit,  et  noster  Dunsta- 
"  nus  mortaJis  vitae  metas   transegerit.''     Quod  dictum 

1  donUni]  dnmonis,  Mab. ;  om.  Boll. 


94  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

quanta    Ferum   veritate   subnixum  sit    oongruus    ordo 
prsesentis  lectionis  £a>ciet  manifestum. 

Dunstan  at       20.  Qua  etiam  tempestate  vir  Dei  ^  precibus  regiis  B.  pp.  46, 
miracuioiu  devinctus,   Bathensem  ecdesiam  Divinis  cultibus  insti-  ^^'  . 
the  death  of  tuendam  invisere   peregit.     Ubi  dum  £su;ta  refectione' 

one  of  hia  .  i  • 

■choiara.  solitanus  oraret,  repente  ad"  supema  raptus  cujus- 
dam  discipuli  nobiliter  a  se  apud  Glestoniam  educati 
animam  innumera  angelonim  frequentia  hinc  inde  sti- 
patam,  atque  immensi  luminis  fulgore  perfasam  ad  coeli 
palatium  provehi  oonspicit.  Moxque  in  manus  DivinaB 
pietatis  earn  ^  oommendans,  dominos  quoque  loci  ad  com- 
mendandum  invitat.  Stupentibus  quidem  omnibus  et 
vix  fidem  dictis  exhibentibus,  velocis  cursoris  testimonio 
et  mors  et  mortis  hora  secundum  Dei  viri  testifica- 
tionem  vera  probatur. 

He  sees  the       21.  Begressus  autem  a  loco  \it   regem  loquendi  sibiB.  pp.  44, 

devil  before  .-i..  i*ii*-ii  •     'ii*  45 

the  death  of  cupidissimum  adiret,  diaboium  scurrse  simillimum  coram 
equitantibus  deprendit  saltantem,  et  quasi  de  futuro 
aliquo  lucro  gloriantem.  Cujus  prsesentiam  dum  coes- 
senti  populo  indicasset,  formamque  omnium  conspectibus 
horribilem  ex  imperio  denudasset,  requisitus  postea 
quid  ejusdem  monstri  tam  petulans  Isetitia  portenderet, 
ille  mortem  regis  regnique  mutationem  proximam  esse  . 
denundat.  Cui  mox  prophetiaB  rerum  Veritas  contestata 
respondit.  Nondum  enim  sol  septies  diem  creaverat, 
et  rex  occiditur,  et  regnum  mutatur.  Ex  quo  satis  est 
advertere  quanta  hujus  viri  pectus  gratia  Dei  regebat, 
qui  invisibilem  hostem  tam  facile  deprehendere  et  ejus 
vedtigia  tam^  veradter  posset  denudare.  Translated 
sunt  autem  exsequias  regis  Glestoniam,  ibique  a  beato 
Dunstano  sub  magna  lugentis  populi  firequentia  terrss 
couunendatee. 

Bdred  he-         22.  Successit  in  regnum  jure  fiatris  egregius  vir  Edre-  B.  p.  29. 
oomes  king,  ^^  homo  cultor  justitisB  ac  pietatis,  Deum  valde  diligens 


^  Vet]  pretiosas,  ins.  L. 
^  facta  rrfecHone]  fiicta  oxatione 
poBt  refeotionem,  B. 


»  af)  de,  D. 
^  earn]  om.  B. 
*  tam]  om.  B. 


AUCTOKE  OSBERNO. 


95 


I', 

!  i 


B.  p.  29.     ®^  ips®  ^  ^^^  multum    dilectus   ac   per   hoc  ^  patemo  Hi§  esteem 
verbere  quasi  bonus  filius  crebro  ab  lUo  flagellatus.    In 
hujus  oonspectu  venerabilis  pater  Dunstanus  adeo  erat  / 

pretiosus,  ut  omni  humano  generi  eum  prseferret,  prin- 
eipem  iestamentorum  statueret^  thesauros  ei  delegaret, 
Imimam,  corpus,  et  regnum  committeret ;  nee  quisquam 
in  tofo  regno  Anglorum  esset,  qui  absque  ejus  imperio 
Tnanum  vel  pedem  moveret.     Proinde  Dunstanus  quasi  i)un8tan  is 

.       .  /*»""■  —     •  •        .  .      ^1  powerful 

rex  et  regis  imperator  effectus,  virgam  sequitatis,  vir-»t  court. 
^am  regni  Dei  per  omnes  Anglorum  fines  extendSe^ 
ecclesias  quas  aut  ipse  fundaverat,  aut  ab  aliis  fundatas 
egestas  oppresserat,  ampHs  hsereditatibus  munerare,  pror- 
sus  magpam  Isetitiam  populis  in  sua  potentia  facere, 
dum  pax  et  justitia  in  mutuos  amplexus  concurrerent, 
et  osculandi  mimus  per  invicem  libarent. 

Dum  hsac  ita  geruntur  iElfegus,^  apud  quem  ilium  olim  Bishop 
conversatum  fuisse  prsediximus,  ad  vitam  spiritualis 
sseculi'  dispositus  est.  Existimans  autem  rex  tempus 
se  opportunum  accepisse,  quo  majoris  honoris  Dunsta- 
num  compotein  faceret,  aggreditur  rogare  illimi  ut  ec- 
clesiam  pastorali  solatio  destitutam  ipse  pastor  susci- 
piat.  Sed  cum  videret  ^e  quod  suadebat  persuadere^®  k^jg 
non   posse,  reginad  matri*   Eadivae*   verbum   imposuit  mother  to 

r  f        o  r  persuade 

suadelse.^      "  Sdo,"  inquit,   "  carissima  mater,  ac  totius  5^%"  |£ 

"  imperii  A^lorum  regixu.,  quod  te  coxmnuni^;  noster  ^wS^^^' 

amicus  Dunstanus  prsecipue  inter  homines  diligat,  in 

tuis  quam  maxime  operibus  delectetur ;  dum  quicquid 

pro  consilio  vitse  setemae  ipse  tibi  praeceperit,  sive  id 

esset  in  sustentatione  pauperum,  sive  in  muneratione 

*'  ecclesiarum,  tu  sediUa  semper  executione  implere  ®  non 

"  cessayeris.     Qua  de  re  magna  animus  mens   spe  de- 

"  tinetur,  ut  si  quid  ab  eo  quod  me  atque  ilium  deceat 


K  pp.  29, 
30. 

Adelaid, 
p.  56. 


<( 


(( 


« 


a 


B. 


'  per  hoc']  om.  R. 

2  ^Ifegus]  Aelphegus  primiis,  L. 

'  spiritualis  saculi]    spiritualem, 

• 

*  matrt]  om.  D. 


<  Eadiva']    Eadgivs,  D. ;  Eadi- 
thffi,  Boll. ;  Edivffi,  O. 
^  suadehB]  om.  R. 
7  communis]  om.  L. 
^  tmp/ere]  om.  B. 


96 


VITA  SANCn  DUNSTANI 


Arffument 
to  Deuaed 
with  Dun- 
Btan. 


Herefuaea 
to  become  ft 
bishop 
whilst  the 
king  lives. 


ti 


te 


It 


« 


u 


tt 


€< 


« 


u 


« 


His  Tision'of 
the  three 
Aposties. 


postulaveris,  nulla  tdbi  ratione  denegare  velit.  De-  B.  p.  3o. 
cere  autem  utrumque  nostrum  ut  siuomum  ipse  at-  ^^"^' 
tingat  sacerdotium,  omnibus  manifestum  est,  qui 
omnes  honores  vita  et  sapientia  illius  scimus  esse 
inferiores,  et  regem  Anglorum  multis  cseterarum  terrar- 
rum  regibus  noscimus  ^  potentiorem,  Aggredere  igitur, 
mater  ^  mi  dulcissima  hominem  foeminali  facundia; 
hortare  ea  qua  apud  ilium  niteris  gratia,  ut  tibi  con- 
sentiat,  quatenus  ex  hoc  Deo  familiarius  adhserere, 
et  nos  potentius  valeat  a  peccatorum  vinculis  absol- 
vere."  Paret  igitur  regi  filio  mater  regina,  Dunstanum 
asciscit  convivio,  demulcet  aUoquio.  Sed  ille  juxta  ety- 
mologiam  nominis  sui,  ut  mons  persistens  immobilis, 
Nolo,"  ait,  "  domina,  illud  a  me  expeti,  quod  vel  con- 
cessum  meos  animos  perturbet,  vel  non  concessum 
tuos  offendat.  Neque  enim  nescio  quam  difficulter 
suam  quisque  ante  tribunal  Christi  causam  agat, 
"  nedum  aliense  causae  cognitor  aut  judex  existat. 
Quod  si  ista  rationum  maxima  non  esset ;  ilia  nimi- 
rum  a  suscipiendo  episcopatu  multum  me  oohiberet, 
quod  dominum  regem  constanti  video  languore  peri- 
"  ditari,  nee  multum  me  ab  eo  posse  separari,  cirni 
me  tam  sui  patrem  quam  regni  totius  dominum  ipse 
statuerit/'  Cumque  ilia  negitantem  '  suis  adhuc  ratio- 
nibus  tenere  voluisset,  motus  ille  aliquantisper,  "  Certis- 
"  simum,"  inquit,  "  habeto,  in  diebus  filii  tui  ponti- 
''  ficali  infiila  me  non  esse  sublimandum."  Inde  fluctu- 
antes  animos  gerens  cubiculo  se  dedit;  ibique  secum 
multa  volventi  somnus  obrepsit.  Et  eoce  assunt  prin-  B.  pp.  so, 
cipes  regni  Dei  et  judices  sseculi,  venerabiles  Christi  Slielard 
apostoli,  Petrus  et  Paulus  cum  Sancto  Andrea,  et  quasi  p.  57. 
de  urbe  Boma  egredienti  occurrentes  et  ad  Montem 
Gaudii  sibi  se  adjungentes.  A  quibus  gratiosissime  salu- 
tatus,  yidebat   singulos  in   singulorum  manibus  gladios 


« 


€t 


€( 


tt 


tt 


tt 


tt 


tt 


tt 


^  noscimus]  noscamus,  D. 

3  maier]  om.  M. 

*  negitantem]  negantem,  E.  B. ; 


v^tantem,  L. ;  restitantem,  Mab.  ; 
negitantem,  Boll. 


AUCTORE   OSBERNO.  97 

B.  pp.  80,  enitere,  quos  omnes   officiosa   benignitate  sibi  obtulere.  The  legends 

31.  ^^  .  ,  ,  1     T  1  1    on  the  three 

Adelaid,     Cumque  visum  per   extensos   ante   se   gladios  duceret,  swords. 

P-  57.  banc  in  gladio  beat!  Petri  legebat  sciipturam  aureis 
litteris  intextam :    "  In  principio  erat  Verbum,  et  Ver- 

B.johii,i.i. "  bum  erat  apud  Deum,  et  Deus  erat  Verbum."  Cse- 
terorum  vero  gladii  propria  tenentium  illos  nomina 
habebant  inscripta,  Fauli  Faulus,  Andreas  Andreas.  In- 
terea  Andream  exhilarato  vultu  aspicit  conniventem,  et 
evangelids  verbis  audit  praecinentem  ;  "  Tollite  jugum 
"  meum  super  vos,  et  discite  a  me,  quia  mitis  sum  et 

aHattzi  "  humilis  corde,  et  invenietis  requiem  animabus  vestris." 

Tunc  a  beato  Petro  jussus  laevam  extendere  modicum  s.  Peter's 
crepitantis  ferulae  ictum  excepit,  hoc  ab  illo  audiens,  chastise- 
"  Hoc  tibi  sit  poena  abjecti,  et  signum  ulterius  non  ab- 
"  jiciendi  pontificatus."  Ad  cujus  virgulae  tactum  a 
somno  evigilans,  divinitus  se  intelligit  visitatum.  Agit 
gratias  Deo  Cujus  munere  ita  se  conspidt  honoratum. 
Cumque   die   iUucescente   regi    quae  viderat  enarrasset, 

Adelard,    miratus  ille   tali  enodatione  visionem    absolvit;  "Quo- Edredinter- 

P**^'         "  niam  per  anna  apostolicae  benedictionis  potestas  ex- vision. 
primitur  pontificalis,  noveris  te  pro  eo  quod  hestemo 
die  jugum  Domini  contempseris,  increpatum  ac  divina 
"  electione  futurum  pontiiicem  designatum.     Porro  quod 
"  '  In  principio  erat  Verbum '  gladio  beati  Petri  Apostoli 
"  inscriptum  vidisti,  cum  Verbum  Dei   sit  Unigenitus 
FiliuB   Dei,  Deus   apud   Deum  semper,  homo  autem 
pro  hominibus  inter  homines  factus ;  profecto  scias  te  Ounstan  is 
"  ejus  sedis  principem  futurum,  quae  Christi  nomine  in  bishop  of 
"  urbe  Cantuariorum  caeteris  ecdesiis  insignior  celebra- 
"  tur."    Hoc   signo   divinae  praenundationis  Dunstanus 
est  glorificatus,  et  hac  regiae  interpretationis  conjectura 
pontifex   designatus.     O    signum   insigne !     O  gratiam 
gratis  homini  datam  !  O  cordis  illius  sinceram  puritatem ! 
Adhuc  summus  Anglorum  pontifex  Odo  in  humanis  rebus 
vitam  agebat,  et  Dunstanus  in   oculis  Supemi  Inspec- 
toris  summus  pontifex  erat.     Mirandum  valde  quod  ipse 
adhuc   terrigena  angelids   concentibus  admisceretur  in 

o 


€< 


U 

te 


98  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

Spiritual  ccelis ;  mirandum  nihilominus  quod  eum  coeli  cives  fre- 
Duns^^  quentabant  in  terns.  Quid  cui  prseponam,  hominem 
coelicolis  adjunctum,  an  coelicolas  homini  destinatos,  non 
satis  comperio,  nisi  quod  in  altero  felicior,  in  altero 
erat  ille  securior.  Stupeant  alii  diversas  diversarum 
virtutum  donationes  quibusdam  hominibus  divinitus 
oollatas ;  ego  nihil  ita  magni  pendo,  quomodo  hominem 
in  hujus  mundi  turbinibuS  consistentem,  universa  mundi 
animo  transcendentem,  et  in  amore  Conditoris  quies- 
centem,  Martham  videre  ministerio,  Mariam  desiderio, 
fidem  operantem,  caritatem  ardentem.  Sed  nihil  diximus, 
si^  ea  quae  reliqua  sunt  dixerimus. 

g^^of  ^       24.  At  rex  Edredus,  letali  morbo  correptus,  decidit  in  B.  p.  8i. 

gndsfor  '  lectum ;  nee  ullam  evadendse  mortis  spem  medici  promit-  p  ^^ 
tebant.  Celeriter  itaque  nuncios  legat,  qui  patrem  vitee 
SU83  Dunstanum  accersiant,  ut  sit  ultimi  arbitrii  testis, 
confessionum  stisceptor,  et  fidelis  apud  Deum  intercessor. 
Contristatus  ergo  ad  a.nimam  Dunstanus,  quanta  velo- 
citate  potuit,  amicum  regem  invisere  pergit.  Videns 
autem  ilium  Deus  et  cordis  dolore  affligi  et  corporis 
laborem  pati,  non  est  passus  ut  ultra  eimi  afflictio 
tangeret,  quin  et  dolorem  lenivit  et  laborem   imminuit. 

Dunsten      Nam   cum    esset   in   itinere,  tendens   ad  palatiiun,^  et 

has  a  divine  i*  ^ 

Edrod"?°^  membra  jejuniis  confecta  infatigabiuter  fatigaret,  vox 
death.  ^e  siunmo  sethere  delapsa  insonuit,  "  Ecce  rex  Edredus 
"  obdormivit  in  Domino."  Cujus  vocis  emissione  equus 
cui  insidebat  percussus  interiit.  Comites  tremuerunt, 
audientes  quidem  fragorem  tonantis,  sed  qui  tonaret 
non  intelHgentes.  Quibus  ipse  rem  aperiens,  commen- 
dat  animam  defuncti  regis  in  manu  setemi  Regis,  sta- 
timque  deferentibus  nunciis  audit  quod  ante  sibi  de 
coelo  angelus  absolvit.  Ingressus  ergo'  palatium  Dun- 
stanus  contemplatur  dilecti  hominis  cadaver  jacere,  co- 


1  m]  nisi,  D.  E.  Mab. ;  non,  ins*  I     ^  tt  iabortm  .  .  palatium]  om.  R. 
B.  I     ^  ergo]  om.  B. ;  vero»  L. 


AUCTORE  OSBERNO.  99 

mitum  turbas  qui  olim  aurati  solebant  assistere  procul  HebunoB 
recedere ;  miratur  commutationem^  miseratur  conditio- 
nem.     Deinde  fidem   qua  viventem   dilexerat   defuncto 
quoque  impendere  etudens,  corporis  involucrum  in  sua 
suscepit,  debitumque  sepeliendi  officium  debito  illi  honore 
persolvit. 
B.  p.  82.        25.  Post  hunc  surrexit  Eadwi,^  filius  Edmundi  regis,  ^9i}yand 
p.  69.    '     setate  quidem  juvenis  et  nulla  regnandi  gratia  pollens  ;o'Bdwy. 
qui  neque  ipse  sapiens,  neque^  sapientum  consilio  ad- 
quiescens ;  sed  alter  Boboam  despectis  majoribus  natu, 
puerorum  consilia  sectabatur.     Hos  ille  pemiciosissimos 
satellites  nactus,   et   eorum  consiliis,  non  tarn  consiUis 
quam  insaniis  fretus,  optimum  quemque  rebus  exspoliare, 
locupletes   proscribere,  exhseredare  *  ecclesias,  detrahere 
religioni,  multiplices  in  dvitatibus  exercere  exactiones. 
Nee  solum  aJienis  ab  ejus  cognatione  illius  obfuit  era-  He  pewe- 
delitas,  verum  etiam  Neronis  Csesaris  more  in  homines  grand- 

.....  Ax  mother. 

sua  stirpe  onundos,  m  ipsam  quoque  regum  *  matrem  re- 
ginam  Eadivam  *  sua  dementia  debacchari.    Prseter  haec 
libidinis  ardens  sine  intermissione  sestuabat  ad  coitum. 
[  Quibus    rebus    venerabilis    pater    Dunstanus    graviter  J^™^ 
\  offensus,  frequenter  eum  simul  et  acriter  in  locis  oppor-  <»"'^- 
itunis  increpare,  ille  increpantem  ridere,  simulque  multa 
Imala  ilU  minari.    Pos^uam  autem«  industriam  suam 
nihil  videt  prsevalere,  omnino  decemit  ejus  colloquio 
abstinendum. 

Adelard,         26.  Itaque  relicto  illo,  monasterio  recipitur ;  ibique  in  At  Giaston- 
V'^9.         tanta   celsitate  deguit  religionis   ut  mensuram  sancta  beam  in 
exeederet  devotio.     Hoc  in  loco  turris   extructa   erat,  building 
quam  neodum  ulla  in  supremo  cacumine  tectura  claude-  to  ftiii. 
bat.    Cumque  populus  trabem  totius  opens  sustentatri- 
cem  summis  muris  applicare  contenderet,  repente  ruptis 
funibus    eadem  trabes   deorsum   ruere   coepit.     Clamor 


>  Eadwi]  Edwi,  D.  F.  H. ;  Edwy, 
L. 

'  neque]  ip«e,  ins.  L. 

'  exheredare]  ezhnreditare,  L. 


*  regum]  om.  L. 

s  Eadivam]  Edgivam,  D.  F.  H. 
Mab. ;  Elgiyam,  BolL 
<  autem]  om.  L. 

q2 


100  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

Dunstan      ingens  oritur '  totius  populi  Dunstanum  iteratis  vocibus  Adelaid, 

arrests  the        °  *^  ^  i         n  SQ 

mSdn  the  P^^strepeiitis ;  advolat  itaque  odor  sanctus,  elatam  dex-  p*  "''• 

Bignofth*   teram    machinse  opposuit,  e   regione   crucem  depingit. 

Necdum  sancta  manus  sanctos   extraxerat  digitos,  cum 

ea  quae  vergere   coeperat   trabes,  non  vinculis   astricta, 

non  machinis  levata,  non  denique  ullo  humani  ingenii 

apparatu   sustentata,  ad   locum  de  quo  mere   coeperat 

revehi  videbatur.     Si  tantse   gloriae  malignus   spiritus 

non  invideret,  cui  invideret?      Si  time  virus    maligni- 

tatis   suae   non   efiunderet,   quando    efiunderet?     Nihil 

ergo   dubietatis    ulterius    de    viro   Dei   habens,   semel 

atque    simul    omnes    insidiarum    suorum    laqueos    iUi 

He  is         intendere  statuit.     Translatus  itaque  in   speciem  ursi 

the  Sevii  in  cousimilem    hianti   rictu   orantem    aggreditur,   injectis  B.  pp.  27, 

a  bear.  ^     ungulis  pastoralem  quam  manu  tenebat   virgam   com- ^®' 

plectitur,    atque   ad   se   trahere    conatur.     At   divinus 

Dunstanus  divinitatis  spiritu  fortiter  roboratus^  retrac- 

tum  ad  se  baculum  erigit  in  sublime,  fugientem  beluam 

dirissime  caedit,  nee  prius  monstrum  caedendo  desistit, 

quam  flagellum  tergo  illius  tribus  in  partibus  commi- 

nutiun  apparuit. 

Edwy's  27.  Victus  crgo  in  se  diabolus  in  aliis  victorem  suum  B.  pp.  82, 

behaviour    vincere  quaerit.     Neque   enim  rerum   oocasiones  longe  *** 

ofhiaooro-  abfuerant,   quibus    id    quod    perverse    moliebatur*    in 

usus  maJignos  transferred     Nam  rege  praefato   eodem 

quo  consecratus  fuerat  die,  in  turpes  concubitus  publico 

devoluto,    ac  per  hoc   omni   senatorio   ordine   offenso, 

nemine  tamen  ejus  lasdviam  redarguere  auso,  pari  ac 

d""^e     communi   omnium,   voto   Dunstanus   compellatur,^   qui 

to^iSeteMt.  ^^S^^^   constanter  adeat,   regium   stupnun   divina   hu- 

inanaque  ratione  compescat,  mulieris  adulterae  meretri- 

cium  suspendii  comminatione  percellat.     Fecit  ille  hoc, 

et   parum   est   hoc.    Bepertum   insuper   cum   adultera 

simul  et  filia  illius  principem  a  moechaU  toro  violenter 

abstraxit,  positaque  in   capite   ejus   corona,  ante   sum- 

1  oriiwr'}  om.  £.  F.  H.  I.  E.  L.  M.  I     '  compeUatur']  oompellitur,  L. 
'  moliebatur']  moHebantiir,  D.        | 


AUCrrORE  OSBERNO.  101 

B.pp.  8s,  mum    poniificem    Odonem    adduxit.      At    ganea   san- Threats  of 
guineos   intorquens    oculos,   "Tu,"   inquit,  "mortis   mewol^ 
**  suspendio    addixisti  ?     Ego    te    membrorum    decore 
"  privatum   sempitemo   exsilio   damnabo."      Cujus   in- 
vectionis  tenore  spiritus  nequam  arrectus^  ultionem  de 
viro  Dei  nefiandse  meretricis  impulsu  exspectat.    Itaque 
mulieris  auimum   diabolus  instigate  regis   iram   muUer 
exaltat;  ambo  exsilium  Duustano  intentant.    Et  primo  Penecution 
quidem  urgente  regis  edicto  omnes  monasticae  religionis  ^  ^ 
ecclesiee   suis    rebus    spoliabantur^   ut    quae    prsecipuss 
semper  fuere  viro  IsetitisB,  nunc  eidem   quam   maximo 

B.  p.  ss,    fierent  moerori.    Deinde  cum  ventum  fuisset  Glestoniam,  oiMtonbuiy 
et   descriptis    omnibus    ipse   proscriptus   fuisset,   inter 
lacrymas    monachorum    ejus    manu    nutritorum,    inter 
lamenta  venientium  ad  se  ex  omnibus  locis  amicorum, 
inter  gemitus  pauperum  consuetis  stipendiis  per  singu-i^u^gtwof 
los  dies  ab  illo  recreatorum,  audita  est  in  atrio  templi 
vox  plaudentis   diaboli,    quasi   vox   juvencuUe   acriter 
atque    minute    cachinnantis.      Quem    sanctus'   severa 
fronte  suspidens,  "  Nihil,"  ait,  "  super  exsilio  meo  gra-  SS!*^*' 
"  tuleris,  quoniam  plus  est  quod   me  redeunte   doleas, 
''  quam  quicqiud  me  exulante  ketari  valeas."    Ad  quod 
dictum  pallidi  regni  pallidus  minister  abscessit.    Dun- 
stanus  autem  non   immemor   quid   sibi   divinus   olim 

B.  p.  34.    citharoedus   prsecinuerit,  immo   Dominicse  memor  pi'O-ge^Mto 

Ai^idy  missionis,  qua  beatos  fore  qui  pro  justitia  persecutionem 
patiuntur  Christus  asseruit,  marinis  se  fiuctibus  tradidit, 
contrarium  littus  in  gente  Flandritarum  ^  attingens. 
Ubi  eminenti  coram  prindpe  terrse  illius  gratia  inventa,  <^^"f*^ 
manebat  in  monasterio  beati  Petri,  quod  situm  est 
Qandavi,  propterea  quod  illud  cseteris  illius  regionis 
monasteriis  et  professione  virtutis  et  philosophise  docu- 
mentis  excellere  videbatur.  Nee  tamen  cessat  vesana 
fiirentis  mulieris  insania,  quin  omnibus  qui  virum  Dei 
tempore  susa  recessionis  hospitio  foverant,  perscrutatis, 

1  arrectui]  aneptus,  K.  B.  I      *  Fkmdritarum]  F]andreiinum,B 

3  fOMcfitf]  DunstaniiB,  ins.  L.       I 


102  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

The  messen- proscriptiS;    damnatis,    ipsius    quoque    oculis    eruendis  B.  p.  34. 
put  out  ^     malignos    transmitteret    ministros.      Yerum    miserante 
eyes  are  dis-  divina  dementia,  cuius  nunquam  ^  auxilio  destituebatur, 

appointed. 

ante  ilium  Gallia  susceperat,  quam  saquoreos  servi  Jeza-  B.  p.  34. 
belis  fluctus  attigissent.  Exultat  itaque  sanctus,  nulla  p,  5^9  ' 
exsilii  per  gratiam  Dei  damna  deplorans,  dum  suis 
mentis  ita  omnes  sibi  devinciret,  ut  patriam  esse  ex- 
silium  putaret.  Super  hsec  ilium  amid  apostoli  con- 
solatio  fovit;  qui  nullius  rei  quam  ipse  expeteret  eum 
indigere  permisit. 

^'north         ^®*  Respidens  ergo  Christi  dementia  Anglorum  popu-  B.  pp.  35, 
people.        iiim  tanto  patrono  destitutum,  suscitavit  colrda  virorum  ®®* 
ab  Humbre^  fluvio  usque  ad  fluvium  Tamisium  supra 
quod'  urbs  Lundonia^  est  fandata,  adversus  impium^ 
regem  Eadwium;    qui  omnes  quasi  in  unum   hominem 
translati  non  modo  regnum  ipsius  abjioere,^  verum  etiam 
ipsum   regno   expellere  moliti  sunt,  propterea  quod  in 
commisso    regimine   insipienter    egisset,   sapientes    dis- 
perderet,  ignaros  boni  suis  consiliis  asdsceret,  prorsus 
libidine  atque  arrogantia   prsBceps   abiret.     Coacti  ita- 
que in  turbam  regem  cum   adultera  fiigitantem  atque 
in  inviis  sese   occultantem   armis   persequi   non    desis- 
The  wicked  tunt.      Et    ipsam    quidem   juxta   Claudiam    civitatem 
hamstrunff.  repertam  subnervavere,  deinde  qua  morte  digna  fiierat 

mulctavere. 
dHvin  be-  Porro  regem  per  di versa  locorum  semetra  deviantem, 
^h^m^  ultra  flumen  Tamisium  compulere.  Deinde  accito  jfratre 
illius  optimse  indolis  adolescente,  nomine  Eadgaro,  quem 
futurum  regem  coelesti  quondam  oraculo  designatum 
fuisse  pnediximus,  dum  pacem  regnique  salutem  suis 
ac  Dunstani  temporibus  angeli  prsedicarent ;  statuunt 
ilium  regem  super  omnes  provindas  ab  Humbre  magno^ 


^  nunquam]  nnsqnam,  R. 
5  Humbre']  Vmbre,  D. 
*  quod]  quem,  L. 


I      *  urbs  Lundonia]  civitas  Ltmdo- 
niarom,  L. 

*  impium]  om.  L. 

*  abjicere]  abjecere,  R. 
7  magno]  om.  R. 


AUCTORE  OSBERNO. 


103 


B.  p.  36.     fiumine  usque  ad  flumen  Tamisium,    quo  flumine  am-  Edgar 

"1  r     •       <•  J  •   •       r    1  Ti  rules  north 

Doirum   regnum  ab  invicem   oinmeDatur.     Ita   resnum,  orthe 

.  .    .  Thames 

quod  unum  fiierat,  in  duos  reges  divisum  gravibus 
aliquantisper  conflictdbus  bellorum  sudabat.  Impleta 
tunc  veridica  ilia  Salvatoris  sententia,  qua  omne  reg- 
8.Luke.zi.  num  in  seipsum  divisum  destruendum  asserit^  et  do- 
mum  super  ^  domum  esse  casuram^  Eadgarus  quotidie 
erat  proficieus,  ut  David  pietate  ac  fortitudine^  atque 
ut  Salomon  sapientia,  divitiis  et  gloria.  Domus  autem 
Eadwii  indies  decrescere^  cum  ipse  in  flagitiis  crescere 
non  desiverit. 


17. 


K  p.  36. 
Adelaid, 
p.  60. 


Adelard, 
p.  60. 


29.  Post  paucos  autem  electionis  sua3  dies  praecepit  Edpr  ro- 
Edgarus  diarcha,*  totius  regni  sui  concilium  celcbrari,  Btan. 
in  quo  annihilatis  omnibus  qusa  a  fratre  suo  iniquis 
fiierant  legibus  decreta,  ac  restitutis  omnibus  quae 
violenta  illius  '  fuerant  dominatione  ablata,  Dunstanum 
quoque  venerabilem*  abbatem  in  magna  gloria  de  ex- 
silio  revocavit,  et  majore  quam  ab  omnibus  ante  regi- 
bus  honoratus  fuisset  doria  sublimavit.     Cui  etiam  ut  He  is  made 

...  bishop  of 

pontificale  decus  susciperet,  vehementi  petitione  innuit,**  Worcester. 
nee   ante   a  precibus    quiescere   voluit   quam    ilium   a 
sententia  ad  consentiendum  retraheret,  et  ecdesiaB  Wi- 
gomensi,  quae  sub   honore   beatae   virginis  Mariae   pol- 
lebat,    pontificem    praeficeret.      Qui    cum   Dorobemiam 
sacrandus  advenisaet,  et  recitata  ®  petitione  deri  ac  po- 
puli,  summus  Dei   sacerdos   Odo  gaudenter   annuisset,  odooonse- 
mirabile  dictu,  cseterum  consecrationis  ministerium,  non  m  areh-  . 
quasi    super    antistitem   Wicciorum/   sed    sicut    super 
archiepiscopum  Cantuariorum,  mirabiliter  atque  hilariter 
absolvit.     Qua  de  re  a  circumstante  dero  reprehensus, 
quod  contra  patrum  decreta  ageret,  qui  unius   ecdesias 
duos  prohibent  esse  sacerdotes,  nee  per  jus  haereditatis 
fieri  electionem  successionis,  tale  fertur  dedisse  respon- 


'  auper']  sapra,  L. 
3  Edgarua  diarcka]  rex  Edganu, 
K.R. 

'  ilUus'\  om.  R. 

**  venerMlem'}  patreni,  ins.  L. 


^  mnuii]  imminuit,  F.  I.  K. 
^  recitata]  citata,  B. 
'  Wicciorum]  Wigomiorum,  L. 
and  R.  as  a  correction. 


104  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

Hisargru-     sum;    "Si   divinis   humana   non   cederent,   jure   mihi  Adelarf, 
^fen<»of    "  hominum    auctoritas    praetendi    posset.      Nunc  vero  ^' 
"  quoniam  ^  auctor  omnium  Deus  est,  non  possum  illud 
''  non   faeere,  quod   faciendum^  Spiritus  Dei   dignatus 
"  est   prsecipere.     Erit   namque   beatus   iste   proximus 
"  post   mortem   meam   hujus    sedis   archiepiscopus,.  et 
"  adversus    mundi    prindpem    fortissimus    prseliator." 
Ebx^  ille  summi  pontifids  ratione  defensus,  procedit  ad 
populum,  summus   et  ille   pontifex  Cantuariorum  prse- 
titulatus,  gestans   insignia   Aaron   non   legis   velamine 
adumbrata,  sed  divinse   propitiationis   munere  per  gra- 
^vemSent  *^^°^   Christi   iusignita.     Inde   ad   ecdesiam   quae   sibi 
churih.       ftierat  consignata  reversus,  atque  in  cathedra  pontificali 
sublimatus,  recordatus  est  quid  olim  exsultanti  diabolo 
pronnsisset,  cum  ilium   regalis  impietas   exsilio    ascrip- 
sisset.    Itaque  obviis  in  ilium  manibus  insurgere,  mem- 
bra  ejus  evangelico  gladio  dividere,  et   oves    quae  cir- 
cumquaque  errabundse  ferebantur  ad   Dominicum  ovile 
revocare. 
He  has  ft         30.  Interea  mortuo  impio  reffe  Edwio.  atque  in  sor- 

viBion  of  .    ,    ,         *  ^  '         T. 

^jyj  wui  tem  maugnorum  spintuum  translate,  Dunstanus  in  ec- 
bydeviia.  clesia  cui  praBrat,  Deividis  meditationibus  inserviebat, 
nihil  sdens  quid  de  rege  actum  fiiisset.  Et  ecce  tartarea 
cohors  sub  ejus  aspectu  exultando  quasi  chorum  du- 
cere,  et  veluti  capta  prseda  laetas  victorias  agere. '  Per- 
scrutatur  itaque  sanctus  causam  IsBtitiae;  audit  regem 
obiisse,  animam  illius  statim  gehennalibus  incendiis 
tradendam,  sed  prius  hoc  Dunstano  ex  divino  imperio 
nundandum.  Motus  itaque  pietate  Dunstanus  solotenus 
prostemitur;  largifluus  ex  oculis  lacrymarum  imber 
SSd^iS!  producitur;  pulsat  Deum  precibus,  nee  ab  lUo  orando 
quiesdt,  quousque  spiritum  regis  liberatum  agnoscit. 
Brevi  autem  morula  peracta,  redit  tristis  legio  infema- 
lis,  magnoque  clamore  in  has  voces  erumpit ;  "  O  te 
"  hominem  hominum  I  O  fidei  alienum  !  O  nostris 
"benelidis   semper  ingratum !      Nos    detulimus    obse- 


anoe. 


»  qwmiam]  quia,  L.  |      » fadendvm]  om.  L. 


AUCTORE  OSBERNO. 


105 


B.  pp.  86, 
37. 


B.  p.  S7. 
Addaxdy 
p.  60. 


« 


<( 


qmum:  tu  nobis  retubsti  supplicium;  ad  ulciscendas  Compiaintg 
injunas  tuas  de  regione  tenebrarum  vemmus,  et  ecce  ! 
adversis  imprecationibus  tuis  conAisi  redimus." 
Cumque  ille  depromendsB  veritatis  prsBceptum  dsemoni-  Dunsten 
bus  incUceret,  agnoscit  aniTnam   regis  angelica  virtute  thembyar- 
illis   sublatam,   ad    statutum   terminum   sub   signaculo 
servatam,  nihil  juris  in  illam  dsBmones  habere,  sed  in 
sortem  poenitentium   animarum   eandem  cedere.^    Turn 
ille  exultans  in  Domino  furores  illorum  tadi  ratiodnatione 
compescuit;  "Quid,"  inquit,   "injuste  actum  est  vobis? 
Si  peccavit  homo  iste,  in  Christum  et  in  me  peccavit. 
Sed  quoniam  meas  propter  Christum  dimisi  injurias, 
dimisit  et  Suas  Christus,  cujus   ego  clementiam   de- 
precatus  sum.    Quod  ergo  Christus  et  ego  dignati  su- 
mus  clementer  '  indulgere,  vos  qua  temeritate  audetis 
improbe  reprehendere?"     Qua  sententia  tetri  spiritus, 
quasi  Parthica  percussi  sagitta,  muscarum  modo  a  vento 
raptarum  dissiliunt. 

31.  At  Edgarus  totius  imperii  monarcha  effectus,  cogi-' Edgar,  now 
tabat   beatum  virum  super  omne  re^um  constituere,  makes  i&n- 

.  .  •        m  J.  ptanbiahop 

nolens  in  regno  sine  illo  crescere,  quem  ante  regnum  prse  of  Laadon. 


« 


« 


(( 


ic 


« 


« 


cseteris  studuerat  fisuniliarius '  diligere:  unde  apposito 
patribus  suis  Lundoniensi  episoopo,  rogatu  regis  ac  prin- 
dpum  Dunstanus  successione^  donatur,  annuentibus  quo- 
que  omnibus  ejusdem  urbis  habitatoribus  et  importunis 
vocibus  illius  nomen  acdamantibus.  Audierant  namque 
quam  fiierat  a  primseva  aetate  Deo  acceptissimus,  quam  in 
ilia  cui  prseerat  ecclesia  sollicitus,  quam  denique  in  omni 
re  bona  et  optima  probatissimus  ;^  et  ea  re  noluerunt 
habere  alium  cum  possent  habere  lectissimum.  Neque  ® 
ilium  juvit  excusatio  canonum  auctoritate  prsetensa,  qui 
sicut  unam  ecclesiam  duobus  esse  episcopis  contradicunt, 
ita  duas  ecclesias  imi  episcopo  fieri  ^  posse  non  permittunt, 


\ 


*  cedere2  Bedere,  L. 
'  clementer']  om.  B. 

*  famUUmua]  om.  B. 

^  successione]  snccessioni,  L. 


*  probatissimus]  promptissimiu,  L. 

*  Neque]  enim,  ins.  Li 
7  fieri]  oommitti,  B. 


106 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


Argrument 
for  his  plu- 
ralities. 


Fulfilment 
of  the  vision 
of  the 
Apostles. 


His  rigour 
a^inst 
unlawful 
marriages: 


for  strict 
justice. 


cum  Johannes,  inquiunt,  dilectus  Domini  ^  septem  ecdesiiis 
atque    earum    episcopis    prseftierit,    et    beatus    Paulus 
omnium  sollicitudinem  ecclesiarum  simul  et  magisteriiun 
habuerit.     TaJibus  beatus  pontifex  rationum  testimoniis 
victus,  Lundanse  urbis  antistes  inthronizatur,  non  relin- 
quens  earn  quam  ante  habuerat  ecclesiam ;  sed  utriquc 
prsesidens,  utramque  regens,  utriusque  verus  ac  proprius 
pontifex  existens.     Habes  ergo  sanctissime  pater  gladiimi  Adelard, 
Pauli,  quem  tibi  coelitus  destinatum  olim  ipse  detulerat,  P*  ^^* 
et  ad  dividendos  ecelesiae  inimicos  habendum  tradiderat ; 
et  quamvis  prior  tua  pontificalis   potestas   non  absque 
vigore  evangelical  disciplinae  administrata  sit,  non  tamen 
earn  aut  gladio  aut  persona  prsesidentis  prsemonstrari 
oportuit,  propterea  quod  neque  Virginem  gladius  decet, 
viros  autem  decet,  neque  mutando  locum  mutasti  ob- 
sequium,  cum  a  Virgine  transires  ad  virgmem,  a  matre 
Domini  ad  matrem  Domini,^  a  beata  Maria  ^  ad  ejusdem 
nominis  fceminam.^    Accingere  ergo  bellator  fortissimo, 
accingere  gladio  potentise  Dei,  factus  potens  per  eum  Ps.  xiv.  4. 
qui  supra  femur  quoque  est  potentissimus  ad  dimicandum 
adversus    mundi  rectores    tenebrarum    harum,    contra  Eph.  vi.  12. 
spiritualia  nequities  in  coelestibus.     Divide  illos  qui  per 
nefarium   scelus  illicito  *  abutuntur  matrimonio,  nee  te  Adeiard, 
revocet   ab  inferenda  ultione,  aut   regalis  potestas,  aut  ^ 
Bomani  pontificis  singularis  sublimitas.     Da  sententiam 
in  populi  seductores  argentarios,  et  non  prius  ad  sacrum 
altare  die  Pentecostes  oblaturus  procedas  quam  et  illos 
vindicta  feriat  et  populo  Dei  justitia  proveniat.®    Ubique 
tuarum    signa    virtutum  relinque;    ubique    Dominicaa 
Crucis  trophsea  erige.     Promereberis  etenim  post  modi- 
cum gladium  Petri  in  quo  innumera  omnium  generum  Acts,  x.  is. 
sicut  Petrus  animalia  occides,  et  in  corpus  ecelesiae  man- 


^  dilectus  Domini']  om.  B. 

^  cum  ,  .  ,  ad  matrem  Domini'] 
cam  a  virgme  matre  Domini  tran- 
sires ad  apostolum  Domini,  Boll., 
MSS.  F.  M. 

^  a  beata  .  .  fivminam]  a  Wigra- 


cistra  ad  Londoniam,  Mab.,  F.  M. ; 
Wirecestra,  BolL 

^  efusdem  .  .  fceminam]  eandem 
dominam,  L. 

*  illicito]  licit o,  R. 

^  proveniat]  prseveniat,  L. 


AUCTORE  OSBBRNO. 


107 


B.  pp.  37, 
88. 

Adelard, 
p.  60. 


ducando^  traiicies;  promerebens,  inquam,  sfladmm  PetnHiauaeof 
inedgnituin  nomine  Ommpotentis  Fiiii  Dei,  ut  in  omni  of  Peter. 
Anglomin   latitudine   ligandi  solvendique  potestas  per 
ilium  tibi  augeatnr,  nee  valeat  in  ovile  intrare  ovium 
qui  te  ductore  non  aseenderit  per  ostium.     Quam  merito  Dorobemia 

■*■  .  1  •  t»*o  door  of 

ostium  horrei  Dorobemia  sonat,  ut  horreum  sit  ampli- the  bam. 
tudo  imperii  Anglorum,  ostium  vero  principatus  ecclesise 
Cantuariorum. 

32.  Exeessit  ergo  humanis  rebus  deductus  angelorum  Death  of 
manibus  ad  Faradisum  princeps  sacerdotum  Odo,  vir 
dams  sapientia  et  virtute  laudabilis,  et,  nisi  Dunstanus 
succederet,  ab  omni  Anglorum  orbe  semper  deflendus.* 
Post  eujus  obitum,  cum  rex  Dunstanum  adjuraret  ut 
princeps  fieret  sacerdotum,  nee  ille  adjuranti  ulla  ratione 
assensum  accommodaret,  assistunt  quidam,  quorum 
manus  Wentonise  episcopus  .^Ifsinus  •  impleverat,  pos-  Suwwwion 
tulantes  confirmari  illi  summum  sacerdotium.  Hie  enim 
et  ante  Odonem  Summum  sacerdotium  ambierat,  sed  cus- 
tos  ecclesise  Suae  Christus  ambitionem  illius  impediebat. 
Itaque  rex  eos  qui  muneribus  pontificis  corrupti  fuerant 
nihil  suspiciens,  et  ob  hoc  simplici  eos  animo  exaudiens, 
orbatam  pastore  ecdesiam  eidem  tradidit  gubernandam. 
Sed  cum   Romam  profectus   fuisset  ut  pallium   a  sede  He  dies  on 

.  apostoUca  susdperet,  gravi  inter  Alpes  fiigore  correptus  *"' ^"" 
misere  interiit,  digna  sibi  ultione  divinitus  recompensata, 
ut  qui  ab  amore  coelestium  friguisset  in  corde,  per 
frigoris  asperitatem  periret  in  corpore ;  et  qui  aUenos 
honores  ambire  prsesumpsisset,  ipse  in  aliena  regione 
mortuus  honorem  pariter  et  vitam  amitteret.  Iterum 
preces  de  archiepiscopatu  Dunstano  funduntur,  nee  quic- 

]  quam  in  animo  illius  oonsensionis  operantur.    Quaprop-  ^^JJ*J^ 
ter  dirigitur*  ad  patriarchatum  Cantuariensis   ecclesise  B"**'^«^"- 

I  Beorhtelmus  ^  Dorsatensium  episcopus,  homo  mansuetior 


^  manducando]  mandendo,  B. 
'  d^endutf]  enet,  ins.  L. 
3  ^IfsiHus^  Elfegus,  K. ;  Alfti- 
nu5,  L. 


*  dirigitur]  deligitur,  Mab.  eligU 
tur,  L. 

^  Beorhtelmus']  Bryhtelmus,  L. ; 
BrihtelmuB,  I. ;  Berchteknus,  F.  H. 


108 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


Dimstui 
appointed. 


He  is  sent  Iquam  industrior,  et  qui  susb  ma^  quam   aliense  vitaBB.  p.  88. 

back  to  hu  i^  _*  -o^  ^  AAaWvii 

diocese.  J  nosceret-  consulere.  Is  post  paucos  suscepti  pontincatus  -«^*^^ 
dies,  cognitus  quod  ad  tantam  rem  minus  esset  idoneus, 
jussus  a  rege  et  ab  omni  populo  Cantuaria  discedit,  atque 
ad  reHctam  nuper  ecclesiam  suam  non  sine  verecundia 
J  redit.  Dominus  namque  agebat  pro  Dunstano,  ut  im- 
pleret  verbum  Suum  quod  promiserat  in  manu  principimi 
regni  Sui.  Advertens  autem  rex  Edgarus  horum  repro- 
bationem  meUoris  esse  vocationem,  solumque  in  omnibus 
hominibus  esse  Dunstanum  cui  nemo  oonfeiri,  immo 
omnibus  posset  preefeiri,  tertio  ilium  precibus  fatigatimi, 
tandemque  tum  sui  ipsius  timi  omnium  episcoporum  im- 
portunitate  superatum,  primae  metropolis  Anglorum  pri- 
matem  ac  patriarcham  instituit.     Quem  statim  ob  robur 

He  goes  to   apostolicsB  fidei  vel  auctoritatis  ad  Romuleam  urbem 

Rome  for         *  - 1%  •  -i 

the  pau.  profectum,  Bomanus  pontifex  videre  promeruit,  eumque 
sacris  pontificalibus  decoratum,  quasi  angelmn  Domini 
exerdtuum  ad  exhibendam  divinse  legis  scientiam,  aut 
quasi  columnam  lucis  ad  illuminandam  fisusiem  terrsB, 
genti  Anglorum  transmisit.  Ecoe  quemadmodum  impleta  Adelaid, 
sunt  quae  per  gladimn  verbo  Dei  inscriptum,  ac  beati^*^^* 
prindpis  apostolorum  Petri  legatione  exhibitum,  tanto 
ante  prsenundata  fuerunt.  Sed  quid  sibi  vult  quod 
de  manu  tertii  apostoli  tertium  gladium  aoeeperit,  cum 
in  ecclesia  quse  sub  ejus  nomine  apud  Rovecestrem^ 
venerabilis  habetur,  pontifex  nunquam  sederit?  Sedit 
plane  potestate,  etsi  non  corporaJi  sessione.  Sedit  in- 
quam  potestate ;  imperio  sedit ;  defensione  sedit ;  bene- 
ficiis  sedit.  Sed  ne  virtutum  illius  gratia  urbs  Cantuaria 
esset  privata,  aut  augmentum  suscepti'  honoris  dimi- 
nutio  preeteritsB  videretur  fuisse   virtutis,   dignatus  est 

The  answer.  Spiritus  Sanctus  novis  quibusdam  gratisB  suse  principiis 
ita  virum  in  ecclesia  Salvatoris  clarificare,  ut  mirabilis 
ipse  extra  hominis  naturam  videretur  esse.  Nam  cum 
die  adventus   sui   primo   sacris   altaribus  assisteret,  et 


Question 
about  the 
sword  of 
S.  Andrew. 


'  Boveeeatrem'i  Bovecistrem,  D. 
F.  I. ;  Bofiensem,  L. ;  Boyecestram, 


Boll. ;  Boyecestriam,  E. ;  Boreceas- 
tram,  H. 
'  tuscqsti]  soBoepit,  L. 


AUCTORE  OSBERNO.  109 

Adelard,    populo  Dei   vivificum    panem    distribuendo   porrigeret,  vwon  of 
•     repente  contecta  nube  domo  columba  in  Jordane  a  Jo- 
hanne  olim  visa  iterum  appamit;  qu8B  qiiousque  sacri- 
ficium  fuisset  consumptum  super  ilium  mansit.    Cumque 
i  consumptum  fuisset  sacrificium^  requievit  supra  memo- 
nam  beati  Odonis,  quae  ad  australem  partem  altaris  in  Buiitaii'B 
modum  pyramidis  exstructa  fuit.     Ex  qua  die  ita  ponti-  forOdo. 
fex  meritum  ejusdem   hominis   Dei   reveritus    est,    ut 
nunquam  pertransiret  nisi  genua    flecteret,  bonumque 
ilium  vocaret,  ita  dicens,  "  Hie  requiescit  Odo  bonus." 

34.  Per  idem  tempus  quidam  magnus  videlicet  et  po-  Attheoon- 
tens  Salvatori  sedicidam  instituit>  ad  quam  sacrandamofanew 
et  jure  proprio  possidendam  venerabilis  pontifex  Dimsta-  Duiutan 
nus  invitatus  accessii     TTbi  cum  ad  ministerium  dedi-outofa 
cationis  aqua  defiiisset,  et  per  hoc  invitatori  verecundia 
accessisset,  ad  vocem  viri,  quam  per  naturam  non  habuit 
per  gratiam  Dei  arida  rupes  aquam  profudit.    Quae  de 
eadem  rupe  usque  hodie  manat,  ac  salutiferum  fidelibus 
poculum  prsebens,  Dunstani  nomen  celebre  facit. 
B.  p.  40.         Dunstanus   igitur   Candida  apostolatus    sui   stola    a  He  tnreiB 
Bomano   pontifice,  ut   diximus,   infulatus,  et   universae  preaching 
Anglorum  genti   necnon   et   aliis  regionibus  Anglorum  country, 
regno  suppositis  patriarcha  destinatus,  festinabat  singu- 
las    regionis^    digredi    civitates,  ut   si    quibus    nomen 
fidei  incognitum  Msset>  prsedicaret,  et  domesticos  fidei 
apostolica   traditione   ad  bonum  opus  instrueret.     Nee 
fBMule  erat  quempiam   auditorum   ejus  non  esse  docibi- 
lem,  propterea  quod  tanta  illi  rerum   subtilitas  inerat, 
tanta  dicendi  facultas,  ut  nihil  esset  aut  inventu  sapi- 
entius,  aut  dictu  omatius,  aut  auditu  jocimdius.     Cumfliaordi- 
autem  a  forinsecis  rebus  requies  data  fuisset,  tunc  con-  pioyment 
junctius    cum    Deo  manere    sacris   vigiliis    insistendo, 
divinas  scripturas  legendo,  aut  earum  codices  emendando. 
Summumque  studium  erat  ut  nunquam  a  divinis  ope- 
ribus  vacaret;  sed  nunc  verum  judicium  inter  virum 


'  regioHia"]  refponum,  R. 


110 


VITA  SANCTI   DUNSTANI 


His  ia- 
fluenoo  with 
Edgar. 


General 
reforms. 


His  habits    et  virum  discemere,   nunc  impacatas  hominnm  mentes  B.  pp.  40« 
'  pladdo  Bermone  tranqnillare ;  horum  inepta  dissolvere  *^* 
conjugia ;   illorum  haereticam   refotare   opinionem ;   hie 
neglecta  renovare,  illic  nova  construere;  neque  aut  su- 
perfluas  sedificationes   aggredi   aut  necessarias  prseier- 
mittere.    Yiduis,  orphanis  ac  peregrinis,  ex  justis  ecdesiae 
redditibus   subvenire,  pecuniam   non  lucri  aBstimatione 
sed  pietatis  adquisitione  habere.      Totam  operam  suam 
patriae  impendere  et  magis  repellere  ejus  excidia  *  quam 
propria  pericula.     Proinde  rex  consilio  ejus  ut  vitae  suae   i 
credens,  et  omne  quod  ab  eo  diceretur  quasi  ab  Omni-   \ 
potentis   ore    prolatum    fuisset    suscipiens^   quaecunque 
erant   statuenda  statuit,  quaecunque  damnanda^  dam- 
navit :    hoc    consiliario    omnes    diabolicae    malignitatis 
mimstros,    fures,   sacrileges,    perjures,    fidei    violatores, 
veneficii  compositores,  libidinis  appetitores ;  adhaec  qui- 
cunque  contra  patriam^  conspirassent,  qui  in   parentes 
manus    extendissent ;    mulieres   etiam    quae    adulterina 
fraude  viros  sues  interfecissent ;  postremo  omnes  quos  ' 
irato  Deo  vivere  sciebat,  ex  omnibus  regni  sui  finibus  ; 
proturbatos    diutumo    aut    perpetuo  relegavit    exsilio.  \ 
His  disci-     Hujus  quoquc  consilio  omnes  ecclesiarum  ministros,  qui 
clergy.        spreto  profcssionis   suae  ministerio,  aut  yenandi   studio 
intenti,  aut  quaestuosis  negotiis  dediti,  seu  concumbendi 
insolentia  deturpati,  aetatem  agere  solebant,  omnes  hos 
aut    districta  animadversione   decrevit   coercendos   aut 
cita  subversione  de  ecdesiis  *  expellendos.     Elx  quo  fac- 
tum est,  ut  quarundam  danssimarum  ministri  ecclesia7  B.  p.  26. 
rum,  dum  in  eligendo   quodcunque  deliberarent  volup- 
tatem  honestati  praeferrent,  regali  sanctione  de  eisdem 
ecclesiis  expulsi,  melioribus  se  et  alterius  ordinis  homi- 
nibus  sua  loca  relinquerent. 
Bevivai  Propter  haec  igitur  sanctissimae  instituta  disciplinae 

achism.       tantus  in  regno  Anglorum  divinitatis  cultus  excrevit,  ut 


'  repellere  .  .  excidia]    ezpellere 
.  .  exddiain,  L. 

^  erant  .  .  danmanda']  damnanda 


damnavit,  D. ;  stataenda  damnaviti 
L. 

•  patriam]  om.  R. 

*  ecclesiie']  eccieria,  R. 


AUerOBE  OSBERNO.  Ill 

et  nobilissimi  quique  aut  in  saeculo  praBpotentissimi, 
spretis  omnibus  mundi  pompis,  ad  divina  confugerent 
servitia;  et  hii  quos  jam  ecdesiasticus  ordo  admiserat 
de  virtute  contenderent,  sdentes  neminem  ad  honorem 
posse  pertingere  quem  non  virtutum  merita  juvarent. 
Ob  hujus  quoque  disciplinad  excellentiam  tanta  pacis 
constantia,  tanta  rerum  exstitit  opulentia,  ut  omnia 
mundi  elementa  Ipsum  quoque  elementorum  Creatorem 
Deum  regiis  temporibus  arridere  putares.  Sic  pontificis  Harmony 
!  sapientia  dictabat  regis  justitiam;  regis  justitia  obti-gd«*r»nd 
I  nuit  Dei  misericordiam,  Dei  autem  misericordia  omnium 
rerum  prsestitit  abundantiam. 

35.  Sed  hsec  communia  totius  ecclesiae  gaudia  cupiens  snareof  the 

devil. 

disturbare,  malignus  accendit  animum  Christianissimi 
regis  in  amorem  Deo  devotee  virginis,  ut  quoniam  a 
tramite  justitise  Dimstanum  dejicere  non  potuisset^  eum 
quem  prsecipue  Dunstanus  diligebat,  et  super  quem 
totius  religionis  vigor  incumbebat,  dejicere  temptaret. 
Perpetrato  itaque  in  virginem  velatam^  peccato,  atque  Edgar  cor- 
ad  publicam  popuK  audientiam  perlato,  Dimstanus  tam  veiled* 

,  .«..  ..  ,,         virgin. 

pro  culpa  quam  pro  mtamia  regis  gravjssmio  dolore 
affectus,  mox  ilium  veluti  alterum  David  cum  Bethsa- 
bee  ^  dormientem,  alter  ille  sed  longe  ^  severior  Nathan 
intrepidus  adiit ;  furibundus  ad  eimi  introiit.  Assurgens 
autem  rex  venienti  obviam  pontifici,  extendit  manum 
ut  eimi   ad  rerium    deduceret  thronum.     Qui   renuens  DiMwtan 

"  •     •    .  .  reniseB  to 

manum  dare,  oculos  cum  quadam  animi  indignatione  in  touch  him. 
ilium  torsit,  et  ait,  "Tu  pontificis  manum  audes  con- 
"  tingere,  qui  virginem  Deitatis  munere  arratam  non 
"  timuisti  prseripere  ?  Sponsam  tui  Conditoris  adulte- 
rasti,  et  amicum  sponsi  aliquo  tuo  obsequio  existimas 
posse  placari?  Nolo  amicus  esse  cui  Christus  fiierithS^^on 
"  inimicus."  Territus  ergo  verborum  tonitruo  rex,  ob- 
jurgantis   se   pedibus   pontificis   extemplo  prostemitur. 


1  velcUani]  om.  L.  I       '  longe"}  valde,  L. 

3  Beihsabee"]  Bersabee,  L.  | 


112 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


His  aeven 

yean 

penance. 


scelus  flebiliter^  &tetur;  veniam  humiliter  precatur. 
Quod  ut  vidit  pontifex,  expavit,  perfusumque  regem 
laciymis,  lacrymis  ^  et  ipse  madens  tellure  levavit.  De- 
inde  cum  magnitudinem  peccati  per  amplificationem 
exposuisset^  et  paratum  ilium  ad  omnem  satis&ctionem 
reddidisset,  septemiem  ei  poenitentiam  indixit,  ut  in  hoc 
toto  spatio  coronam  regni  sui  non  gestaret;  jejunium 
in  hebdomada  biduale  transigeret:  avitos  pauperibus 
thesauros  large  dispergeret.  Super  hsec  sacrandis  Deo 
virginibus  monasterium  Sceftonise^  fundaret,  quatenus 
qui  unam  per  peccatum  Deo  virginem  abstulisset,  plured 
Ei  per  plura  ssBcuIi  volumina  aggregaret.  Clericos 
autem  male  actionales  de  ecdesiis  expeUeret;  mona- 
chorum  agmina  introduceret,  justas  Deoque  acceptas 
legum  rationes  sanciret,  sanctas  conscriberet,  conscriptas 
per  omnes  fines  imperii  sui  populis  custodiendas  man- 
daret.  Nihil  ergo  residuum  fuit  quod  minus  aut  seg- 
nius  rex  implevit  quam  a  rectore  vitae  suse  prsBceptum 
fdisset.  Septimo  autem  anno,  cum  redeunte  quasi  ju- 
theendof it.  bilco  tcrmino  poenitentise  tempus  exactum  *  fiiisset, 
sacer  prsesul  accitis  omnibus  imperii  Anglorum  princi- 
pibus,  episcopis,  abbatibus,  et  universis  ecclesisB  digni- 
tatum  ordinibus,  imposuit  regi  coronam  coram  omni 
multitudine  populi  Anglorum,  Isetantibus  cunctis  et  in- 
effabilibus  jubilationis  vocibus  Deum  in  Dunstano  lau- 
dantibus.  Puerum  quoque  ex  peccatrice  quondam  pro- 
genitum  sacro  fonte  regeneratum  levavit,  et  aptato  illi 
nomine  Edwardo,  in  filium  sibi  adoptavit." 
Reforms  in  ^^'  Intcrea  tanta  clericalis  ordo  quibusdam  in  locis 
the  church,  ^ojifijsione  agcbatur,  ut  non  solum  a  vita  ssecularium 
excedentius  nihil  haberet,  verum  etiam  improbis  ac- 
tibus  longe  inferior  jaceret.  Qua  de  re  pastores  ec- 
desiarum   turbati,  Dunstanum   ut   proprium   primatem 


He  is 
crowned  at 


^  flebUiter]  om.  B. 

2  lacrymis]  om.  B. 

'  Sceftoniai]  Soephtonis,  B. ;  ali- 
quod,  M. ;  quoddam,  D.  I.  L. ;  sen- 
tence omitted  in  K. 


^  exactum]  adactum,  D. 

^  Puenim  .  .  adoptavit]  om.  D. 
L.  M. ;  erased  in  F.  and  I.  The 
importance  of  these  variations  is 
remarked  on  in  the  PrefiAce. 


AUCTORE  OSBERNO.  113 

adeunt,  res  male  gestae  exponunt,  correctionis '  consilia  He  turns  out 
perquirunt.  At  Ule  in  homines  in&ndos  suae  auctori-  clerks, 
tatis  proferens  sententiam,  "  Aut  canonice,"  inquit,  "  est 
"  vivendum  aut  ecdesiis  exeundum."  Ex  quo  £Etctum 
est  ut  complurium  ecdesiarum  clerici  dum  contempne- 
rent  proposita  conditione  oorrigi,  auctoritate  pontifids 
sint  expulsi.  Qui  rege  adito  vel  quos  regis  gratia 
proximos  effecerat,  Dunstanum  injuriarum  accusant ;  se 
virtutis  amatores  pronunciant,  ut  in  prsesentia  regis 
conveniatur   orant.     Dunstanus   itaque  his   quae  quasi  At  a  conncii 

x«         -I  -!•         o  -11  •  1  1     atWinches- 

rationabmter  *   postulabantur    contraire    nolens,    coacto  ter  their 
concilio  Wintoniam  venit;  ubi  ex  sententia  totius  con-wofieard. 
cilii   de   adversariis  victoriam   cepit.     Cumque  ex  jure 
nihil   sibi   superesse   conspicerent,  usi  auxilio  regis  et 
principum,  ad  preces  se  vertunt,  quibus  episcopum  fla- 
gitant  quatenus  intromissse  personse  de  ecdesiis  expel- 
lantur,     expulsae    restituantur.      Dubitante    viro    Dei 
nullumque   ad   rogata  responsum  porrigente,   res  mira 
et    saeculis     inaudita,    ecce    Dominici    Corporis    forma 
vexillo  cruds  infixa  atque  in  editiore  domus  parte  lo- 
cata,  humanos  exprimans  modos,  omnium   voces   com-  Miraculous 
pescuit   dicens,  "Absit   hoc  ut   fiat,  absit  hoc  ut  fiat/' acrucS^/ 

-  J  •  i       !•  which  de- 

Ad  quam  vocem  rex  omnesque  majores  natu  fere  usque  ddes  the 

ad  exhalationem  perterriti,  damore  pariter  et  Dei  lau- 

datione   aream^  complent.     Et  his   quidem  adversariis 

viventibus  cessatum  est  a  contentionibus,  quousque  per  • 

successionem  filiorum  prior  discordia  renovata  est.     Qui 

abeuntes   et   iniquitatis  suae  defensorem  Beomelmum^ 

Scottorum  pontificem  assumentes,  hominem  videlicet  tam  itisreviTed 

ingenio  quam  loquadtate  fere  ^  insuperabilem,  ad  homi-  genOTotion, 

nem  Dei  in  viUam  quae  Eahie  vocatur  tendunt,  turgenti 

spiritu  scandalum  proponunt.     Dunstanus  autem  longo 

quidem   senio  et   magnis   ecdesiae   laboribus    effiactus, 

jam   praeter   orationem   post   tergum   omnia  posuerat; 

attamen  ne  pars  iniqua  divino  quondam  miraculo  victa, 

*  correctiotuM]  correptionis,  O.        |      *  ]^eorneimum\  Heomelinum,  M. ; 
3  raHtmMUier]  irrationab]liter,L.  I  Byonmelanim,  B.^ 

•  aream\  aerem,  L.  I      */«"«]  oin«  R« 


114 


VITA  SANCTI   DUNSTANI 


Dunstan 
declines  to 
contest  the 
matter. 


Fall  of  the 
floor  of  the 
room  where 
the  council 
was  held. 


nunc  de  adipisoenda  glonoretur  victoria,  hoc  in  hostes 
responsionis  jaculum  vibrat,  "  Quoniam,"  inquit,  "  tanto 
tempore  elapso  calmnniae  ansam^  non  prsBtendistis,^ 
nunc  autem  senescente  me  ac  tacitumitati  operam 
dante,  antiquis  querelis  deservire  contenditis,  fateor, 
vincere  vos  nolo,  ecdesise  Suae  causam  Christo  judici 
committo."  Dixit,  et  quod  dixit  irati  Dei  censura 
firmavit,  mox  etenim  concussa^.  domus;  coenaculum 
sub  pedibus  solutum ;  hostes  solo  prsBcipitati  ac  men- 
tium  trabium  pondere  oppressi;*  ubi  vero  cum  suis 
sanctus  accubitabat  ibi  nulla  ruinaB  suffusio  fiebat. 


<f 


it 


it 


« 


(t 


Danstan 
obtains  the 
election  of 
Edward  aa 
king. 


On  his 
death 

Ethelredis- 
chosen. 


37.  At  rex  Edgarus  immatura  morte  praereptus,  Ed-Adelard, 
wardum  filium  suum  et  regni  et  morum  hseredem  reliqiiit.  ^' 
In  cujus   electione   dum  quidam  prindpes  palatini  ad-    ^ 
quiescere  nollent,  Dunstanus  arrepto  cruds  vexillo,  quod        < 
prsB  se  ex  more  ferebatiu:,  in  medio  constitit,  Edwardum 
illis   ostendit,    elegit,    sacravit,   patrisque    ac    magistri 
affectum    quoad   vixit  impendit.     Yersumque  omnibus    ; 
in  gaudium  est  quod  paulo  ante  triste  putaverant,  ex-    : 
istimantes  juvenem  regem  inhumanum  futurum,  consilia 
sapientium  non  curaturum,  sed  pro  libidine  onmia  ac- 
turum.     Sed   postquam   secus  esse  cognovere,  secus  et 
ipsi  rem  tenuere,  et  displicuisse  sibi  regem  vehementer 
displicuit.      Sed    Ulo    post    triennii    tempus   novercali 
fraude  occiso,  Ethelredus,  quem  fama  firatrem  ejus  lo- 
quebatur,  regnandi  sceptra  obtinuit.    .Quae  res  quamvis  Adelard, 
infesto  fieret  Dunstano,  vel  quia   per   effiisionem   san-^'   *' 
guinis    innocentis     ad    regnum    perveniret,     vel    quia 
parum  prudentise  ac  fortitudinis  illi  inesset,  non*  erat 
tamen   consilium   resistere,  propterea   quod  filius  regis 
et   proximus   tunc   hseres  videretur  esse.     Attamen  in 
die  consecrationis  suae,  post  impositam  coronam,  fertur 
hoc  illi  prasdixisse  Dunstanus,  "Quoniam  aspirasti  ad 


V 


*  anaam\  causam,  E.  L.  B.  Mabil« 
Ion  reads  oMoan,  and  the  BoUandists 
also,  as  well  as  MSS.  F.  H.  L  E. 
D.  M.  N.  and  O. 


'  prtBtendUUs]  protendistis,  L. 
'  ooncuua]  est,  ins.  L. 

*  oppn99i\  sunt,  ins.  "L. 

*  Ron]  ei,  ins.  L. ;  tamen,  om.  R 


AUCTORE  OSBERNO.  115 

*'  r^nmn  per  mortem  &atris  tui,  quern  oecidit  ignomi-  Dunstan 
'*  niosa  mister  tua,  non   defidet   gladius   de  domo  tua  mheired's 

«  •  •       M  -t  -f  -t  •!         1  •    A  _£?   •  misfortunes. 

''  ssBviens  «m  te  omm bus  diebus  vitse  tua3,  mtemciens 
"  de  semine  tuo,  quousque  regnum  tuum  transferatur  in 
"  regnum  alienum  cujus  ritum  et  linguam  gens  cui  prse- 
'*  sides  ^  non  novit.  Nee  expiabitur  nisi  longa  vindicta 
'*  peccatimi  tuum  et  pe^catum  matris  tusB  et  peccatum 
''  virorum  illorum  qui  interfiiere  consilio  illius  nequam/'^ 

38.  His  temporibus  contieit  ^thelwoldum  •  Wentanse  The  bishops 

-     ,  ,     f  _®  1  T»    4.       .         .  of  Winches- 

ecdesiBB  antistitem,  cum  alio  quodam  Bofensi  ^P^<^P^>^v^r 
Cantuariam  venire,  magnumque  Dunstano  de  adventu  suo  ^t  canter- 
gaudium  prsestare,  propterea  quod  ejus  doctrina  ac  cura, 
alti,  docti  ac  per  varias  virtutum  disdplinas  ad  summos 
eoclesise  honores  fuissent  provecti.     Plerisque  ergo  die- 
bus  in  mutua  sermocinatione  simul  et  exultatione  per- 
actis^  egreditur   archiepiscopus   de   civitate,  volens  ad 
locum   ecdesise  Christi  *  mansionarium    proficisd.     lUi  ^j^®*' 
vero  comitabantur  deducentes  eum  quousque  illos  via^«J^n- 

i  T.  stansooom- 

dirimeret^  quae  unumquemque  ab  altero  separatimi  adJ^to?the 
locum  quo  ire  disponebat  dirigeret.  Cumque  imminente  ^^* 
jam  vespera  procul  adhuc  a  loco  distarent^  tardiuscule 
enim  quam  bora  postulabat  de  urbe  exierant,  archi- 
episcopum  deprecatur  Bofensis  antistes  ut  ad  vicinum 
ecclesise  suae  patrimonium  divertat,  noctumum  tempus 
secum  transigat,  mane  vero  si  ita  placuerit  migrationem 
fiunat.  Cujus  ille  postulationi  dignanter  annuens  ait, 
"  Si  confirater  noster  iSthelwoIdus  mecum  venire  volue- 
"  rit,  in  me  nulla  veniendi  mora  erit."  Assenserunt 
ergo  pontifices  in  eodem,  pariterque  *  paratum  sibi  habi- 
taculum  subeunt.  Jam  aurea  lux  noctis  fligaverat  um- 
bras, cum  beati  illi,  in  viam  progressi,  collem  ascendunt, 
inde  ab  invicem  vicaria  pads  relatione  dividendi ;  ex- 


*  prtttidet]  pnBes,  B. 

*  neqttam]  ned,  B. 
^JBt/ubpoUwn]    Sthelwold  died 

Ang.  1, 984 :  the  name  of  the  bishop 
of  Bocheflter  at  the  tnne  was  Elf- 
ttan  :  if  this  story  is  true,  two  Elf- 


stans  most  have  been  bishops  in 
snooession,  one  of  whom  is  other- 
wise unknown. 

4  ChrUtQ  om.  B. 

'  pariterque]  om.  B. 

H  2 


116  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

Dunstan      tendens  autem  manum  summus  Dei  sacerdos   ut  coes- 
that  they  are  sentcs  secum  minores  pontifices  benediceret  atque  dimit- 
to  die.        teret,  extemplo  erupit  in  fletum,  fletum  adeo  magnum 
ut  vix  de  sancto  ^  pectore  vocem  valeret  efferre.     Expa- 
vescunt  ad  factum  pontifices  insolitum.     Fletuum  cau- 
sas  solliciti  perquirunt,  et  post  modicum  hoc  ad  qusesita 
responsum   accipiunt,   "Ea/'   inquit,   ''re   fleo  quoniam 
"  vos  in  proximo  morituros  scio."    Cimique   illi   refer- 
rent,  "Noli,  sanctissime  pater,  tam  dira  nobis  prophe- 
"  tia  occurrere,  non  enim  moriemur,  sed  iterum  atque 
"  iterum   pariter  nos  incolumes  videbimus,"  tali  quod 
dixerat  responsione  firmabat ;  "  Quod  dixi  necesse   est 
"  fieri ;  moriemini  namque  huic  saeculo  sed  vivetis  Deo  ; 
"  moriemini  in  hac  vita  diutius  non  mansuri,  sed  ad 
"  Deum  vadetis  dBtemaliter   cum  illo  victuri."     Diver- 
Tjepw).      tunt  ergo  ab  invicem  pontifices  moerentes  pro  invicem, 
nued^ "    '  magis  tamen  pro  se  quisque  pio  timore  solUcitus.     Sed 
Bofensis  episcopus  abiens  in  civitatem  suam,  mox  ut 
intravit  vehementer  segrotavit^  postque  paucos  dies,  prout 
veriloquus  vates  prsedixerat,  e  sseculo  migravit.    ^thel- 
woldus  vero  priusquam  ad  proprise  sedis  urbem  veni- 
ret,  ultimo   corporis   languore   correptus  coelestis  sedis 
habitationem  suscepit. 
DuxntenhM     Super  cujus   morte  venerabilis  pater  admodum  con-  Adelaid, 
dSo^ng^  tristatus,  sive  quod  sanctissimse  semper  religionis  fuerit,  PP*  ®*'  ^^' 
motefifiege  scu  quod  magnam  de  substituendo  sacerdote  litis  occa- 
ter.  sionem  viventibus  dereliquerit,  deprecatus  est  Dominum 

desert83  ecdesisB  benignum  fore  provisorem.  Cui  mox  de- 
precanti  assistit  familiaris  amicus  suus  Andreas  aposto- 
lus, precibus  ejus  Deum  didt  annuere,  Bathensem  abba- 
tem  nomine  Alfegum  monet  adducendum  et  ex  divinitatis 
consilio  Wentanee  ecdesise  antistitem  prseficiendum. 
Ita  quicquid  rerum  ipse  desiderasset  per  interpretem 
apostolum  confestim  a  Deo  consequebatur.  Sed  et  illo 
vicem  honoris  apostolo  persolvens  in  omni  obsequio  illi 
studebat  deferre,  basilicas  in  ejus  nomine  fabricare,  fab- 
ricatas  mimeribus  decorare. 


1  sancto]  om.  R. 


AUCTORE  OSBERNO.  117 

39.  Dum  ergo  quodam  tempore  prsefatus  rex  Athel-  mheired 
redus  propter  quasdam   dlssensiones  dvitatem  obsideret  Bochesters 
Bofensem,    et    facta  capiendi    illam  difEcultate,   patri- 
monium   beati  apostoli   devastando  invaderet,    manda- 
vit  eidem  beatissimus   pontifex   ab  stultitia   quiescere, 
Andream  sieut  ad  prsestandum  fadlem,  sic  ad  uldscen- 
dum    virilem,   in    promptu   esse   ut    potentiam    ipsius  Bunstan 
ipse  experiatur   si  hsereditatem  iUius  vexare  non  des- to  leave  it 
titerit.      Contemptus    a  rege  Dunstanus,  iterum    cur-  ''^'"• 
rentibus  nundis  eadem  suggerit,  insuper  argenti  pondo 
centum  transmittit.     Qui  accipiens  recessit  ab  obsidione. 
Quod  simul  atque  ^  pontifici  ^  renunciatum  fdisset,  mira- 
tus  cupiditatem  hominis  hoc  iUi  scribere  curavit,  "  Quo-  ^^S^> 
*'  niam   praetulisti   pecuniam   Deo,   argentum  apostolo,  <^r  >iim« 
**  mese   voluntati   tuam   cupiditatem,  velociter   venient 
"  super  te  mala  quae  locutus  est  Dominus,  mala  qualia 
''  non  fuerunt   ex   qua  gens  Anglorum   regnare  coepit  Hispro- 
"  usque  ad   tempus   illud.     Attamen   vivente   me  istaS^og^. 
*'  non   erunt,'  quoniam   et  hoc  locutus  est  Dominus." 
Quae  omnia  ita^  contigisse  in  annalibus  legere,  et  nos- 
tris  temporibus  est  videre.  "^  ~^ 

B.  pp.  40-      40.  Sed  ut  jam  beatum  ilium  de  quo  loquimur  fiden-  nnnBtan'a 
tins   pro   obsequio  aUoquamur,  et  sic  ad   felicem   ejus  beaten, 
transitum  madentibus   oculis  transeamus,  quantae  illud 
contemplationis  est,  pater  mirabilis,  pater  insestimabilis, 
quantae  illud  contemplationis  est,"  quam  excedens  om- 
nium mortalium   mentes,  quod  vel   Dei    genitricem   in 
hac  mortal!  vita  vel  tuam  genitricem  in  ®  aetema  vide- 
bas  vita.    In  coelum  namque  deducebaris,  intereras  bea-  HiBvu^aof 
tis  agminibus  illis,  oblectabaris  modulationibus  angelo-  nuuriase. 
rum,  eandem  genitricem   tuam   quasi  nuptiali  thalamo 
aetemo  regi  copulantium,  et   suave  Kjnieleyson  modu- 
lantibus  organis  resonantium.     Cumque  de  tuae  tacitur- 
nitatis  Mlentio    arguereris,   quod  inter    tanta    setemae 
vitae   gaudia  solus  tu  a  divinis  laudibus  cessares,  cum 


>  simul  atque]  postquam,  B. 
3  pontifici]  Dnnstano,  L. 
*  erunt]  fuerunt,  L. 


<  Ua]  ista,  D. 

*  quanta  .  .  eaC]  om.  L. 

*  hac  moriali  .  .  tn]  om.  D. 


118 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


He  is  taught 
a  hymn  in 
ttafivisioii. 


His  tision 
of  the 
virgins. 


49. 


They  sing 
the  nymn  of 
Seduuus. 


prsecipue  tibi  pro  honore  parentiB  gaud^idum  fuisset>  B.  p.  4i. 
referresque  hujus  tantee  suavitatis  insdum  te^  esse,  quam 
breviter,  quamque  dulciter,  a  civibua  civitatis*  illius 
edoctus  in  has  voces  cantando  erupisti,  ''O  rex  domi- 
''  nator  gentium,  salva  genus'  Christianorum  in  terra 
''  adhuc  peregrinantium,  ut  et  ipsi  post  inimicitias  ad 
*'  gratiam  revertantur  et  angelicse  ruinse  per  iUos  damna 
"  reparentur." 

Jam  vero  quibus  exultationis  labiis  edicam,  quod 
matrem  Domini  Salvatoris,  reginam  mundi/  dominam 
angelorum,  virgineis  oculis  vidisti,  non  vestali  chore 
circumdatam,  sed  virginaJi  corona  circumfiisam.  Feli-  B.  pp.  as, 
ces  oculi  tui  qui  illam  videre  potuerunt  cujus  castis- 
sima  viscera  cceU  ac  terrse  Opificem  portare  meruerunt. 
Felices  oculi  tui  quibus  datum  est  illam  videre  quam 
speciosam  super  filias  Jerusalem  angeli  venerantur,  ho- 
mines desiderant,  pavescit  tartarus,  et  omnis  creatura 
heram  miratur.  Nee  inde  solummodo  feUx  quod  illud 
singulare  totius  orbis  decus  videre  potuisti ;  potuisti 
etiam^  mellifluas  ejus  voces  audire  quibus  sodas  vir- 
gines  ad  collaudandum  Regem  sseculorum  ex  sua  came 
temporaliter  procreatum  hortabatur,  concinens  iUud  viri 
sapientis  ac  senatoris  Sedulii, 

'*  Cantemus  Domino,  socisB,  cantemus  honorem! 
"  Dulcis  amor  Christi  personet  ore  pio;*' 

cumque  ab  aliis  virginibus  hoc  fiiisset  exceptum,  alias^ 
qui  sequuntur  versus  pronunciabant, 

''  Primus  ad  ima  ruit  magna  de  luce  superbus 
**  Sic  homo  cum  tumuit^  primus  ad  ima  ruit. 

«  XJnius  ob  meritum  cuncti  periere  minores, 
''  Cuncti  salvantur  unius  ob  meritum; 

''  Sola  fmi  mulier  patuit  qua  janua  lethi, 
"  Ex  qua  vita  redit,  sola  fuit  mulier." 


1  te]  om.  R 

2  ciuUaiis]  ccBlestibiu,  B. 

3  genus]  hrfinanum,  ins.  L. 
*  mufufi]  coeli,  L. 


'  ttiam]  om.  L. 

6  alia]  alii,  R. 

'  twHuit']  timnit,  L. 


AUCTORE   OSBBRNO.  119 

Atque   in   hunc   modum  totius   carminis  bini  ac  bini  Hymnofthe 
versus  procUrrebant,  illis   semper  repetitis  qui  primi  a 
matre  Domini  dicebantur; 

''  Cantemus  Domino,  social,  cantemus  honorem! 
"  Dulcis  amor  Christi  personet  ore  pio." 

HsBc   tu,  pontificum    dignissime,   acutissima   vi    cor-  Apostrophe 

T  ,  .  •   • .       1  i       !•  .  1    .       toBuxwtan. 

poralium  oculorum  m  spintuaiem  potentiam  translato- 
rum  videre  potuisti ;  hsec  tu,  intime  coelestium  arcanorum 
perscrutator,  audire  potuisti,  his  tantis  tamque  stupendis 
rebus  interesse  potuisti.  O  sancta  animi  tui  puritas  et 
pura  sanctitas,  quam  sic  honorat  supemse  civitatis  su- 
prema  dignitas!  O  decus  ac  prsemium  virginitatis,  cui 
sic  adgaudet  natura  virgineae  simul  atque  angelicaa 
dignitatis  I  Sed  ecce  supra  vires  viventium  est  viventis 
tui  in  corpore  laudibus  immorari,  quanto  minus  trans- 
euntis  tui  et  cum  Christo  aetemaliter  regnantis  condig- 
nas  laudes  valebimus  effari.  Fnestet  onmipotens  Deus 
per  potentissima^  merita  tua,  ut  vel  finem  vitse  tiue 
quantulumounque  laudabili  valeamus  sermone  descri- 
bere,  quatenus  quem  semper  nobiscum  corporaKter  vi- 
ventem  non  licuit  habere,  liceat  saltem  ex  consideratione 
pretiosissimae  mortis  sempitemam  tui  vitam  agnoscere, 
et  agnoscendo  diligere,  et  diligendo  beatae  mercedis 
aliquid  per  te  piissimum  patrem  a  Deo  obtinere.  Dis- 
cant  interim  devoti  tantorum  mirabilium  auditores 
exemplo  tui  sobrie  vivere,  sacras  frequenter  excubias 
celebrare,  castis  orationibus  inservire,  quoniam^  et  tu 
idcirco  talibus  tantisque  gaudiis  interesse  meruisti, 
quod  aliis  dormientibus  ipse  in  Sanctis  desideriis  vigi-His^tto 

,        .  .     ,  ,  .  .....  the  church 

lasti,  orasti,  horamque  ultmiam  sme  mtemussione  co- of8.Augus- 
gitasti.     Nee  tamen  sufficiens   erat  in  secreto  cubiculi '  night. 
B.  p.  48.     tui  ista  operari,  nisi   etiam  noctumis   frigoribus   aedem 
beati  patris  Augustini  frequentares,  et  inde  ad  vicinum 
praefatae   virginis  templum   banc  gloriam   Dei   visurus 
procederes. 

^  potentissima']  omnipotentissima,  I      ^  qwmiam'\  quomodo,  R. 
R.  I      5cu6ictt/i]  cubilt,  R. 


*  i"  ■     '^  '  "^  ••• 


wKm 


KPT 


n^^BW 


^'»     ■• 


120 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


The  year  of 
I>aiistan'8 
death, 
AJ).968. 


Vision  of 
Alf^ar,  be- 
tokening 
Donstan's 
death. 


41.  Anno  igiturVerbi  incamati  duodecim  minus  a  mil- 
lesimo,  adventus  Anglorum  in  Britanniam  quingentesimo 
sexagesimo  tertio,  sanctissimus  Deoque  dilectissimus 
Dunstanus  transitoriam  prsesentis  vitaa  deserens  lucem, " 
ad  lucem  beata  atque  aetema  jocimditate  ^  prseditam 
pervenit,  ubi  sicut  sol  ex  claritate  Dei  resplendet,*  et 
diem  detemum  setemaliter  possidet;  anno  patriarchatus 
sui  tricesimo  tertio,  nativitatis  etiam*  circiter  septua- 
gesimo^  cum  jam  esset  omnium  virtutum  charismate 
plenus  et  Deimi  videndi  desiderio  fatigatus;  cujus  ve- 
nerabiUs  transitus  tam  a  se  quam  ab  aliis  multiplici 
revelatione  prsescitus,  sibi  gaudium  aliis  gravem  ingessit 
moerorem;  sibi  gaudiimi,  quoniam  quod  per  spem  in 
vita  jocundius  habebat,  id  per  rem  se  visurum  et  eo 
perpetuo  fruiturum  gaudebat;  cseteris  moerorem,  quo- 
niam q\ii  similiter  divinis  et  humanis  rationibus  ex- 
ceUeret,  neminem  deinceps  in  terra  appariturum  *  existi- 
mabant.  Sed  nos,  multiplicium  revelationum  multimoda 
relatione  postposita,'  eorum  quae  proposuimus  singula 
singulis  tantum  rationibus  demonstrabimus. 

Dies  ergo  ascensionis  Christi  festivus  diem  clarificatio- 
nis  beati  Dunstani  praBcessit  tertius.  Tantee  itaque  diei 
surgente  aurora,  sacerdos  quidam  nomine  Algarus  doc- 
trinae  et  actionis  merito  prsecipuus,  quem  postea  nobilem  Adelard, 
in  Elmham  episcopum  daruisse  accepimus,  dum  sacros  ^^' ^^*  ^*' 
Dominica)  Ascensioni  honores  in  ecdesia  Salvatoris  per- 
vigil  impenderet  et  mentem  ad  ccelestia  contemplanda 
extenderet,®  se  ipso  et  omnibus  mundi  hujus  rebus 
transcensis,  Dunstanimi  pontificali  throno  conspidt  prse- 
sidentem  et  dero  jura  canonica  dictantem.  Et  ecce 
per  omnes  ecclesiae  januas  irruentium  angelorum  infi- 
nita  ingrediuntur  agmina,  stolis  candidissimis  fulgentia, 


1  jocmiditaW]  immortalitate,  R. 
3  resplendeQ  resplendent,  D. 
^  etiam]  om.  R. ;  aatem,  L.  Boll. 
Mab. 
*  appariturum]  om.  R. 


*  multimoda  relatione  postposita"] 
multimodis  relationibus  postpositis, 
R. 

^  et  .  .  ,  extenderet]  om.  R. 


AUCTOBE  OSBEBNO. 


121 


B.  p.  51. 

Adelazdy 
p.  65. 


<c 


tt 


(( 


tt 


tt 


tt 


tt 


ooronis    aureis    rutilantia/   cherubin    atque    seraphin^Theani^ 
sese  prodamantia^  et  quasi  divinum  nuncium  defereniia.  to  join  their 
Qui  dum  coactis   ordinibus   sedenti   astarent  pontiQci, 
hoc    Uli    salutationis    alloquium    persolvunt,    *'  Salve/' 
inquiunt,  ''  Dunstane  noster,  si  paratus  es  veni  et  nostro 
gratiosus  utere  contubemio."    Bespondit  Dunstanus, 
Scitis,  0  saneti  spiritus,  hodie  Christum  .ccelos   con- 
soendisse,  nostrique  officii  esse  tarn  verbo  quam  Sa- 
cramento populum  Dei  reficere,  ideoque  venire  hodie 
nequeo."    Dixerunt  itaque  saneti  spiritus,    ''Paratus  He  ib  to  so 
esto  die  Sabbati  hinc  nobiscum  Bomam  transire,  ettoBome 
ante  summum  pontificem  mnctus  ^temaliter  canere/'  SS^ 

'^  afterthe 

AaoeTMrion. ' 

42.  Postquam  ergo  dies  aBtemse  retributionis  est  indic- 
tus,  et  Dunstanus  divina'  fide  ad  consentiendum  inductus, 
confestim  qui  apparuerunt  angeli  disparuerunt.  At  sacer- 
dos,  qui  rerum  tarn  evidens  contemplator  exstiterat,  exitum 
earum  stupidus  simul  et  tadtus  explorator  observabat. 

Cumque  inter  sacrosancta  ejusdem  diei  gaudia  ilia  The  Gospel 

■i..-i.«  •!        L        •  TV*  1-r  ^^  the  feast 

evangelii  lectio  reataretur,  m  qua  Dommus  noster  Jesus  of  the  , 
Qhristus  post  resurrectionem  Suam  discipulis  apparmsse, 
et  exprobrata  incredulitate  illorum  atque  duritia  cordis, 
mandatum  legitur  dedisse  ut  in  toto  mimdo  evangelium 
regni  prsedicarent,  fidem  ac  baptismum  annunciarent, 
salutem  proponerent  credentibus,  non  credentibus  mina- 
8.Mark,zTLrentur  condemnationem ;  cumque^  ad  hsec  confirmanda 
signorum  ilUs  faciendorum  potestatem  delegaret,  dssmo- 
num  ejectionem,  linguarum  novitatem,  tollere  serpentes, 
mortifersB  potionis  virus  extinguere,  et  super  omnem  seg- 
ritudinem  salutiferam  manuum  impositionem ;  cum  ergo 
ista  evangelii  lectio  prommdaretur,  et  post  hsec  quemad- 
modum  videntibus  illis,  quibus  haec  potestas  ^  delegata  Dunstan  , 
esset,  Christus  in  coelum  ascendent,  subjiceretur,  processit  ^'^'^ 
pontifex  de  sacrario  latius  haec  eadem  in  populo  trac- 
taturus,    et    memoriam    misericordiarum   Dei   cordibus 


14. 


^  rutikoUia]  radiantia,  B. 
^  seraphin]  sanctus,  ins.  M. 
3  dwina'\  diviuas,  B. 


*  cumque]  om.  B. 

*  post  lute  .  .  .  potestasi  om.  B. 


122  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

Hifl  sermon  eorum  arctius  impressurus.    Locutus  est  ergo  qualiter  B.  p.  si. 

Gospel.  nunqaam  antea  fiierat  ^  locutus,  ostendens  qua  ratione.  p  55^ 
Filius  Dei  camem  induerit^  cur  humani  generis  salva- 
tionem  non  nisi  moriendo  compleverit,  quemadmodum 
resurgens  a  mortuis  mortis  principem  superaverit,  et 
famulantibus  angelis  coelum  ingressus  fiierit:  deinde 
sanguinem  .Christi  incomparabiliter  omnibus  creaturis 
docuit  esse  prsestantiorem,  tantamque  fidudam  in  effii- 
sione  sanguinis  Illius  mundum  habere  posse,  ut  si  unus 
aliquis  totius  mundi  peccata  haberet,  neque  de  multi- 
tudine  neque  de  magnitudine  criminum  illi  esset  despe- 
randum,  si  Mediatorem  Dei  et  hominum  haberet  Ad- 
vocatum.     Inter  haec   felicia   felicis    sponsionis   gaudia 

Hoooniie-     poutifcx  ad  aram  reducitur,  transferens  omnipotentissimis 

elements.  Domini  verbis  speciem  panis  et  vini  in  veram  substan- 
tiam  camis  et  sanguinis  Christi.  Jamque  hora  benedi- 
cendi  populum  advenerat,  et  iterata  vice  beatus  ille  ad 
populum  procedebat  volens  illis  abscessum  suum  denun- 

His  second   ciare.  sed  amore  dulcedinis  filiorum  revocabatur.   Proinde 

exhortation.  , 

exhortatus  est  omnes  ut  illuc  tota  mentis  intentione  ten- 

dant,  quo  Caput  nostrum  principiumque  Jesus  Christus 

eadem  die  processerat.     Dataque   super  illos  suae  auc- 

He  Rives  the  toritatis   bcnedictione,    orabat    Spiritum   Sanctum   illis 

blessing.      g^ggg^  quemadmodum  Filius  Dei  promiserat  cum  redeun- 

tem  lUum  ad  Patrem  coelestis  nubes  suscipiebat.    "  Ego/' 

inquit,  "  mittam  vobis  Spiritum  vetitatis  ut  maneat  vo-  s.  John, 

biscum  in  sBtemum."     Cum  his  igitur  disserendis  beatis-  "^' 

simus  pontifex  immoratus  diutius  ^sset,  videbant  faciem 

The  people   ejus  tauquam  fSEtciem  angeli  Dei,  ut  vere  ac  visibiliter 

sciousof      esset  agnoscere,  quod  Is  Quem  invocabat  Spiritus  Sanc- 

parture.       tus  majestatis  Suae  prsesentiam  dignatus  fuerit  ^  demon- 

strare.     Volente  autem  illo  ad  altare  converti,  suspirabat 

populus  post  eiun,  desiderans  adhuc  desiderabiles  vultus 

ejus  videre,  et  coUoquio  perfirui ;  proinde  quasi  ejusdcm 

Spiritus  Sancti  magisterio  edocti  quod  ilium  ulterius  in 

came    non   essent  visuri.     Quibus    in    amore    aetemas 


^fuetat]  est,  R.  |       -fuerit]  sit,  R. 


AUGTORE  OSBEBNO.  123 

B.  p.  51.    Trinitatis  teriio  confirmatiB,  post    libatum  paciB   susbhIb  third 
r^5    *    et  caritaids  oeculiun,  non  valuit  sibi  immmentem  glo-them. 
liam     diutius    oontegere,   sed  rogat  ut  sui    memores 
existaat,    diemque    vocationis    suae    didt    instare,   nee 
86  ulterius    in    hoc    mundo   cum  illis  manere.    Time 
tantam     lugentis    populi     videres    confdsionem,    tam 
permixtam  lacrymis    deri   conclamationem^    viduarmn 
ac   pupillorom  miserabilem    perturbationem,    ut    diem 
judicii  adease,  et  omnia  asecula  in  supremam   horam 
coisse   putares.     Sacerdos  etiam  qui  tam  mirabilem   inAiikarro- 
eoclesia  extaedm  iiiduerat,  cognito  quod  non  in  imagine  vision. 
sed  in  rerum  veritate  eandem  sustinuisset^  palam  om- 
nibus et  cum  magnis   gemitibus  qu89  viderat   absolvit. 
Quorum  moestitiam  pater  ^  pretiosissimus  prout  potuit 
benigne   consolatus,  ad   altaie  rediit,  susoeptoque  vitse 
aBtemsd    epulo,   tam   se   quam    omnes    sibi   oonmiissos 
setemo  Pastori  consignavit. 

43.  Inde  refectionis  domum    Is&tabimdus    ingrediens  DunBtan 
omnes  ad  se  confluentes  et  cibo   corporis  et  spiritualis  refoctory. 
vitee    alimonia    saginavit.      Post  prandium    vero,    vel 
magis    ultimam    ooenam,  denuo    cum    &atribus    ecde- 
siam    Christi  ingreditur^  signatoque  sepulcri  sui  loco^  After  dinner 
B.  p.  52.     omnibus    ad   altare    Christi    ascendentibus    conspicuo.  rest  in  an 

1  J  x«    •     X  •  •  x  upper  cham- 

coenaculum    pro    modo    aestiTi    tempons    requieturus  ber. 
ascendit.     Circumdat   pausantem  luctifica  ecdesisB   fa- 
milia^  quse   sive   metu  sui  seu    morte   illius   turbata, 
horrendos  lacrymando  questus  insonuit.    Quos  illo  sanc- 
fiflgimifl  ut  semper*  rationibus  fovente  atque  ad  spem 
fiituri  ssBCuli  diligentius  informante,  oonspiciunt  virum 
invisibili  quadam  Dei  virtute  e  terra  moveri,   motum  He  is  lifted 
ad  suprema  domus  &stigia  tolli.     Hi  autem  qui  paulo  couch  to  the 
ante  propinquiores  astiterant,  miraculi  insolentia  territi,  bouse. 
relictis  sedibus  devolant  omnes.     Stant  tamen   iiihiyi 
parietibus  et  maceriarum  liminibus  de  longe  sursum  as- 
picientes,  rei  exitum*  videre  cupientes.     Existimabant 
namque  aut  sicut  Helyam  cum  came  eum  transferen- 

>  pater"]  om.  L. ;  Dnnstantts,  B.  I       ^  ut  semper'\  om.  B. 
in  niarg.  ,      \      ^  ejcitum]  eventum,  K. 


124  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

Huspeech    dum,  aut  alio  quovis  et  insoliix)  modo  ab  eis  tollendum.  B.  p.  52. 

to  his  com-     -,    -  ^  _  .  .  ,  . 

panionaon  Sed  mox  ea  Qua  suDvectus  fuerat  suavitate  depositus, 
convocat  omnes  qui  fugam  inierant,  tali  eos  allocutione 
demxilcens.  "  Vidistis,"  ait,  "  filii,  vidistis,  caiissimi,  quo 
"  me  Deus  vocat,  quo  Dei  ineffabilis  miserioordia  in- 
''  vitat.  Semita  itineris  mei  prse  oculis  ostensa  est 
"  vobis,  ut  nullus  vestrum  de  prsemio  capiendi  coeli 
''  dif&dat,  qui  vitse  mese  diligens  sectator  exstiterit. 
''  Non  herebi  sedes  aniTnam  meam  tenebit,  non  foeda 
'*  facies  profundi  ditis^  aniTnam  meam  terrebit,  hon 
"  ignis  inextinguibilis,  et  vermis  non  moriens  animam 
"  meam  tenebit.^  Sursum  est  quod  amplector,  sursum 
"  quo  gradior.  Estote  ergo  vitse  imitatores,  si  itineris 
"  mei  cupitis  esse  sectatores.  Discite  voluntatem  Dei 
**  semper  nosse,  et  cum  earn  noveritis   nihil   ei    velitis 

HisiMt       "  prseferre.     Quod  si  ab  Ejus  voluntate  fadenda  quan-  i 

''  tulumcunque    vos    exorbitasse    cognoveritis,    statim  \ 

"  ad  deprecandam  Ejus  clementiam  convertimini,  ne 
"  dum  minorem  quam  oporfceat  reverentiam  exhibue- 
"  litis,  non  solum  prsevaricatores  verum  etiam  infideles  ' 
''  judicemini.  Nolite  boni  videri,  sed  esse;  nee  tam 
"  mali  non  videri  quam  non  esse ;  hoc  enim  maximum 
"  inter  homines  malum  est,  quod  omnes  cupiunt  boni  vi- 
"  deri  et  esse  nolunt ;  nulli  volunt  mali  videri,  et  nolunt 
''  non  esse  mali.  Pacem  semper  sectamini,  nee  prius 
"  ab  ilia  sectanda  desinatis,  quam  illam  in  coelo  appre- 
"  hendatis.  Atque  ut  banc  efficaciter  attingere  valea- 
"  tis,  Ulum  semper  in  animo  dulcissimum  habete,  Illi 
"  continuo  gratias  agite,  Illius  prseceptis  humiliter  obe- 
"  dite,  Qui  singulare  pro  onmibus  sacrifidum  immolari 
"  voluit,  in  Quo  complacuit  omnem  plenitudinem  in- 
''  habitare,  et  per  Eum  reconciliari  omnia  in  Ipso  Ooioss.  l  so. 
*'  pacificans  per  sanguinem  crucis  Ejus,  sive  quas  in 
"  terris  sunt  sive  quse  in  coelis.  Praedico  etiam^  vobis 
"  Anglorum  gentem  dira  ac  diutuma  mala  ab  exteris 


1  diiW]  om.  R  ;  profiinditatis,  L. 
Mab.  BolL,  and  so  alterod  in  K. 
3  teneUt']  craciabit,  B. 


'  infideles]  infidi,  B. 
^  etiam]  om.  B. 


u 


tl 


u 


AUCTORE   OSBERNO.  125 

gentibus   esse  passuram,  sed  in  fine  dierum   misera-  He  holds  out 
tionem    Dei    super    earn     stillaturam^    vobis     autem  England 

,  ..     ,  -  .....        after  her 

commodum  ent  norum  verborum  reminisci,  ut  sive  miseries. 
**  hsec  ad  peccatorum  emendationem,  sen  ad  perfieien- 
''  dam  virtutem  contigeriiit,  animas  vestras  divinse 
''  semper^  disposition!  subjiciatis,  ne  sicut  mail  filii 
''  diligatis  blandientem,  erudientem,  quod  a  vobis  re- 
"  motum  sit,  contempnatis.  Profecto  nullius  hominum 
"  vel*  tarn  grave  supplidum  vel  tarn  excellens  est  meri- 
"  turn  quo  Dei  omnipotentis  visionem,  visionem  beatse 
"  setemitatis,  visionem  setemse  veritatis  Patris  et  Filii 
''  et  Spiritus  Sancti,  valeat  promereri ;  magis  autem  si 
**  natiu^em  dementise  Suse  bonitatem  Deus  non  at- 
**  tenderit;  nihil  homo  patitur  quod  sibi  justo  Dei 
"  judicio  ex  sua  culpa  non  debeatur." 

44.  In  his  verbis  sensit^  beatissimus  pater  vires  cor-  He  begins  to 
pons  paulatim  deficere,  cum  spiritus  ab  integritate  sui 
deficere  nesciret;^  ita  namque  fade  serenus,  sensu  sobrius, 
docendi  locutione  assiduus  tota  ilia  die  ac  sequenti  feria 
sexta  permanebat,  ut  quicunque  se  commendaturi  et  bene- 
dictionem  tanti  patris  postulaturi  advenissent,  recrea- 
tos  se  et  multiplidter  in  amore  Divinitatis  confirmatos 
assererent.      Et  jam   promissae   beatitudinis   sabbatum  The  Satm^ 

•*■*■,,  ,  ,    day  arrives. 

illuxerat,  jam  tempus  requiescendi  ab  omnibus  labori- 
bus  suis  Dunstano  instabat;  cum  ecce  mxiltiplex  filio- 
rum  caterva  concurrit,^  filiorum  quos  ipse  infra  gremium 
matris  ecdesiae   tenerius  nutrierat,  atque   ad   excellen-  £"»»enta- 

«       •  ,  1  1  tionsof  the 

tiorem  spiritualis  gratisB  perfectionem  adduxerat,  damo-  people, 
ribus  atque  ejulatibus  nimiis  queritans  quod  se  derelictis 
recederet,  nee  illis  common  liceret.  At  ille  in  manus 
Dei  omnipotentis  eos  commendans,  et  gratiosa  benedic- 
tione  confirmans,  jubet  sanctse  communionis  mysterium 
ante  se  oelebrari :  quod  cum  protensis  manibus  de  coelesti  His  last 
mensa  porrectum  suscepisset,  hac  oratione  Deo  suppli- 
care  coepit ;  *'  Gloria  Tibi,  omnipotens  Pater,  Qui  timen- 

*  Bmper]  om.  R,  I      '  cum  .  .  neiciref]  om.  L. 

>  HntUI  sentit,  Mab.  |      ^  cfmcwrrif]  occurrit,  R. 


/ 


126  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


Dnnstan's    "  tibus  To   panem  vitte  de   coelo   dedisti,  ut  memores  B.  p.  52. 

'-'^-  "  sim«s  mkabUium  Tuorum  qu«  in  medio  tetT«e  ope-^tr" 
''  ratus  es,  mittendo  nobis  unigemtuni  Taum  vemm 
''  Hominem  vera  de  virgine  natum ;  Tibi,  Sancte  Pater, 
«  meritas  referimuB  grates.  Qui  et  nos  dTxm  non  eramus  '  . 
"  creasti^  et  dum  peccatores  essemus  hujus  gratise  par- 
''  tidpes  fedsti  per  eundem  Filium  Tuuin  Deum  et 
''  Dominum  nostrum,  omnia  Tecum  et  cum  Spiritu 
"  Sancto  facientem,  gubemantem  et  per  infinita  seecu- 

He  dies.  "  lorum  ssBCula^  regnantcm."  Int«r  quee  verba  ex  om- 
nibus animi  meduUis  ad  Deum  Quem  'semper  deside- 
raverat  efl^isa,  videt  illos  qui  se  ad^  coeleste  eonvivium 
invitaverant,  beatos  apgelos  ajssistentes,  et  coeleste  illi . , 
obsequium  pr^parantes.  'Quorum  Veneianda  phesentia 
felix  anima  illius  gratulata,  beta*,  egreditur  de  habi- 
taculo  sanctissimi  corporis,  proficiscens  cum  illis  ad 
contemplandam  claritatem  \iBtemi  Condiioiis.  Ecce ! 
quomodo  hontyrattis*  est,  quem  Efeus  honore  dignum 
judicavit !  Ecce  quomodo  in^  gaudium*  Domini  sui  in- 
travit,  qui  in  c<Mnmissa  sibz^  do^^trinsB  pecunia  fidelis 
erogator  esstitit!  O.  visceral  ipismcordise  Dei,  quae  sic 
semper  dulda'  expertus  'fuerat  iste  homo  Dei.  O  cor 
viri  ad  voluntatem  Dei  semper  parati,  qui  potuit  dicere 
"  Paratiun  cor  meum,  Deus,  paratum  cor  meum  !"  Ecce  Pft.ivii.8, 
nunc  psallit  in  gloria  sua  Ulustratus  lumine  visionis 
glorisB  Dei. 

He  is  buried     45.  Suscipiunt  autcm  venerabiles  Domini  sacerdotes  Adelard, 

intheplAoe  -i  .,  .  i      .       ,    ^  d  66 

appointed,  vencrabile  corpus  summi  sacerdotis,  deferentes  Ulud  ad  ^'  ' 
basilicam  magni  Basilei  Domini  Salvatoris,  sub  im- 
mense murmure  lugentium  populorum  feretrum  den- 
sissime  ambientium,  £GUues  suas  dissecantium,  paJmis 
sese  ferientium,  atque  amaris  vocibus  "  Heu,  heu,  caris- 
''  sime  pater ! "  ^  clamantium.  Et  ibi  in  eo  loco  quem 
ante  biduimi  ipse  dictaverat  ciun  onmi  '  diligentia  sepxil- 
tus,  et  post  heec  eminentioris  opens  structura  decenter 

'  sibi']  om.  B.  I       *  onmi'}  om.  L. 

^  pater]  om.  B.  | 


AUCTORE  OSBERNO.  127 

opertus,  flebilem  simul  et  amabilem  cunctis,  sive  in  Mixed  feei- 
choro  psallentibus  seu  per  gradus  ad  altare  ascendent!-  ^io8»of 
bus,  sni  memoriam  dereliquit.  Flebilem  ideo  dixerim, 
quod  ejus  quotidie  monumentum  prse  oculis  haberent, 
cujus  venerandos  aspectus  videre  non  possent.  Amabilem 
propterea  quod,  licet  ejus  visibili  prsesentia  carerent,  in- 
visibilem  tamen  et  incorporeum  ejus  spiritum  in  coelesti 
sede  gaudere,  et  pro  eis  apud  Deum  misericordiam 
enixius  orare  sciebant.^ 

Adeiard,         46.  Fost  cujus  mortem,  si  mors  dicenda  est  cui  vita 
P*  ^^'        successit    8etema>    ita    omnes    res    contrarium    motum 
sumpsere,  ut  Dunstani  mortem  omnia  deflere,  nee  ejus 
absentiam   ferre  posse  viderentur.     A  summa   quippe  Calamities 

r.  .         1   1    11  .        1       1  .1  n    ,  thatfol-' 

pace  nt  commutatio  ad  bellum  mtolerabile :  ab  mmiensa  lowed  his 

.  .  ...  death. 

Isetitia  ad  enormem  tristitiam ;  ob  omnium  rerum  abun- 
dantia  ad  omnium  rerum  indigentiam.  Denique  aer  ipse 
immutatus  est,  naturales  temporum  vicissitudines  disside- 
bant  invicem ;  coelum  non  exaudivit  tellurem,  nee  tellus 
ea  quse  seminabantur,  in  ea.  Hostilis  incursio  Dano- 
rum  foedam  ubique  faciem  dereliquit,  dum  eorum  imip- 
tione  urbes  diruerentur,  ecclesiaB  spoliarentur,  suffode- 
rentur  altaria,  et  sacerdotes  Domini  interficerentur. 

E  quibus  vir  virtutum  /Klfegus,  qui  quartus  erat  aMw^<nn 
magno  Dunstano  Cantuariorum  archiepiscopus,  cum 
multam  hostium  multitudinem  ad  Christianam  religio- 
nem  convertisset,  et  eos  quos  ab  infidelitatis  errore 
convertere  non  posset,  quotidiana  invectione  *  reprehen- 
deret,  tentus  ab  eisdem  post  dirutam  iUius  urbem,  post 
cruentam  innocentis  popuU  csedem,  post  templi  sacri 
exspoliationem,'  simxil  et  combustionem,  vinctus  abduc- 
tus  est,  et  per  septem  menses  variis  tormentorum  cru- 
ciatibus  vexatus,  et  post  haec  omnia  eorundem  manibus 
lapidatus,  spiritum  cum  triimipho  direxit  ad  coelum. 
Sic  ergo  impleta  sunt  quae  vel  de  rerum   prosperitate 

^JlehUem  .  .  .  sciefran/]  om.  B.     I       '   exspoHuttanum']    expilationem, 
3  inv€€tione\  inyocatione,  L.  |  Boll. 


128 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


angeli  Dunstano,  vel  de  adversitate   earum  Dunstanus 

Mercy  in  the  regi  Ethelredo/  prffidixerunt     Sed  in  his  tarn  gravibus 

judgment,    tumultuantis  populi  angustiis  non  demit  supemae  mise- 

ratio   pietatis,  quae   tanta   coroscantis  gratise   prodigia 

ad  memoriam  illius  ostendit  ut  et  reprobis  terrori   et 

afflictis   essent  consolationi.     Neque  enim  aliter  ooeles- 

tis  ejus  Spiritus  operatus  est,  quam  si  in  terra  redivivo 

corpore   suo  quotidie  veniret.a    Verum  nos  non   omnia 

quae  de  illo  sunt  propter  infinitatem  dicere  poterimus, 

nee  ab  omnibus   abstinendum   putamus,  ne  nulla  esse 

]>iinsfcan*fl    videantur  quas  dicamus.     Et  quaedam  quidem  de  libris 

minclesare       .  ,  .  .  .    . 

tobetoidinmiraculorum  ejus  qui  nunc  minime  supersunt  excerp- 

Book.         simus;  quaadam  vero  nostra  aetate  aut  in  alios   facta 

vidimus  aut  in  nos  patrata   ipsi   experti   sumus.     Sed 

hie  libelli  hujus   sit  finis,  ut  quod   intendimus  ab  alio 

principio  sumi  possit. 

EayplicU    vita    Sancti    Dwnetam    Cantuariensis 
archiepiscopi  et  confessoris.^ 


1  Ethelredo']  Ailiedo,  R. 
'  veniret]  With  this  word  the  life 
in  the  MS.  BodL  285  (B.)  ends. 

'  MS.  N.  proceeds  :  *'  donimte 
*<  Domino  nostro  Jesu  Christo,  cni 
«  com  Fatre  et  Spiritu  Sancto  honor 
"  potestas  et  imperium  per  infinita 
''  ssBcula  seculorunL    Amen." 

Mabillon  adds  the  following  Terses, 
which  are  not  given  by  the  Bollan- 
dists,  bat   are  found   in  MS.  M. 
only: — 
Justus  homo,  nudua  vitio,  sedes 
sabit  almas, 
Ex  qnibos  expolsam  se  dolet 
atracohors. 
Iste  polnm  petit,  ilia  rogmn  Sty- 
gis  ardoa  moles 
Deserit,  atque  leyis  gleba  natare 
solet 
Mansio  divena,  diversaqae  priD- 
mia^  ijaantom 


Ortus  solans  distat  ab  occiduis. 
Imperat  hoic  Agnos  circomdatns 
agmiaelsBto, 
nii  cum  pra?a  Pluto  cohorte 
prseest 
Uritur  iUa  gelu,  nive,  grandine 
perpetuali, 
Vemos  ista  dies  mansio  semper 
habet 
Haec  generosa  dace  jocondo  cive 
decora. 
Carmine   festiva   pace    q'uieta 

Ta  venerande  piis  mixtos,  Dun- 
stane,  catervis, 
Ezerces   hilares   hac    regione 
dies ; 
Quanti  sis  meriti,  plebs  indicat 
astricolarom, 
Quid  famulata  tuam  yexit  ad 
astraanimam. 


AUCTORE  OSBERNO.  129 


InCIPIT  liber  MIRACULORUM  BEATISSmi  PATRIS    NOSTRI 
DUNSTANI    ARCHIBPISCOPI  CANTUARIENSIS    ET    CON-  . 
FESSORIS.^ 

1.  Diximus  in  superiori  libello  quibus  parentibus  ve-  Having  in 
nerabilis  pater  Dunstanus  ortus  claruerit,  quorum  resrum  book  de- 

flcrib^  the 

tempera  nobilitaverit,  quos  virtutum  processus  habuerit,  life  of  Dun- 
et  quemadmodum  ad  coelestia  regna  gloriosus  migra- 
verit.  Nunc  autem  propositum  habemus  ea  narrare, 
qusQ,  post  depositionem  corporalis  sarcinae,  felix  spiritus 
ejus  in  hoc  s63Cu]o  dignatus  est  operari,  ut  omnes 
fiituri  temporis  Angligense  populi  agnoscant  quid  tanti 
nominis   viro   honoris  ac  reverentise   debeant.     Verumwenow 

.  Mill  /»        luidertake 

quoniam  eorum  quae  scnbenda  sunt  pleraque  ac  fere  to  relate 
omnia  nostns  temponbus  facta  cognovmius,  pauca  vero  iLiracies 
aliis    quidem    temporibus    facta    sed    nobis    verissimaa'terhis 

.     .  .  ,    ..  .,  .  death, 

venssimorum    virorum    relatione    exposita    accepimu£>, 
hac   ratione   omnes   qui   hsec   dignabuntur   legere'   ad 
credendum   invitamus.  ut   sicuti    sibi   credi   volent,    siTiieyareto 
forte  aUqua  suis  temporibus   facta   scribere   voluerint,  bjraiiwho 
ita   nobis   credant,   cum   audierint    ea   narrari   quae   a  own  stories 

'■'  to  be  be- 

nobis  potuere  videri.  Quam  enim  de  se  veri  aestima-  Sieved. 
tionem  a  sequentibus  haberi  volent,  eam  recte  prasce- 
dentibus  concedere  debent.  Quod  si  nulla  quae  scribi 
debeant  suis  temporibus  fieri  contingant,  non  ideo  nos 
statim  foJsitatis  arguant,  quasi  quod  alio  tempore  oc- 
culta Dei  providentia  non  fit,  alio  tempore  pro  corri-  The  disuse 

1*  1  ..i.i         ••!_         n     •  'L  01  particular 

gendis  vel  compiendis  homimbus  fieri  non  possit,  cum  forms  of 

^  \  ^    .  miracle  is 

semper  opportumtatem  rerum  et  temporum  exigat  gra-  not  proof 
tia  miraculorum.    Num  enim  iddrco  minus  credendum  mimcies  in 
est  principem  apostolorum  Petrum  ad   portam   templi 


^  The  text  is  from  the  Amndel 
MS.  16  (F.),  collated  with  the  Lam- 
beth MS.  159  (L.),   MS.  HazL  56 


(H.).,  MS.  Tiberiiia  D.  4  (E.),  and 
the  Paris  MSS.  M,  and  O. 

*  Here   the    Harieian  MS.  815 
ends. 

I 


130 


MIRACULA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


It  ifl  no  dis- 
proof of  a 
miracle  that 
the  unbe- 
liever has 
not  seen 
anything  of 
the  kind. 


Miracnlous 
cure  of  a 
blind  man 
at  Lenham 
in  Kent. 


speciosam  daudum  sanasse,  quod  nostris  temporibus 
istud  non  fecerit  ?  Aut  ideo  beatus  evangelista  Jo- 
hannes venenum  sine  tesione  non  bibit,  et  qui  veneno 
deperierant  non  resuscitavit,  quod  isfca  nescio  quis  im- 
postor et  calumniator  non  viderit  ?  Quasi  si  quis 
nauclerum  vel  aurigam  laudari  audierit,  quod  hie 
navim  in  procella  naviter  regere,  ille  equos  artificio 
sciat  in  cursum  ducere^  supra  hiunanam  natm*am  hoc 
esse  contendat,  ideo  quod^  ille  fieri  posse  non  credat. 
Non  itaque  hoc  admittendum,^  sed  quod  unaquaeque 
res  tempus  et  ordinem  spectet  credendum.  Dignentur 
ergo  credere,  qui  hsec  dignabuntur  legere,  ut  quemad- 
modum  merito  fidei  nostrae  qua  credebamus  vera  esse 
quae  non  videramus,  actum  est  ut  aliqua  videre  posse- 
mus,  ita  illi  prsemium  fidei  habeant  quandoque  videre 
posse  quod  narrantibus  nobis  indubitata  fide  potuerunt 
credere.  Jam  ad  proposita  transibimus,  et  quo  ordine 
quseque  res  acta  sit,  quantum  possumus  breviter  atque 
dilucide  narrabimus. 

2.  Vicus  est  urbi  Cantuarise  vidnus,  Leonham  ^  ab  in- 
colis  dictus.  Hunc  quidam  vir  inhabitabat,  quem  longa 
oculorum  csecitas  gravabat.  Admonitus  ergo  in  somnis 
est,  ut  patrem  patriae  Dunstanum  adeat,  commissa  mala 
deplangat,  fiiturum  esse  ut  amissum  lumen  per  eum 
recipiat.  Narrat  suis  homo  quae  yiderat;  favebant  et 
auctores  illi  itineris  procurabant.  Ingreditur  itaque 
caecus  ecdesiam  Christi,  orat  sibi  pemoctandi  ibidem 
licentiam  dari,  "Tale,"  inquiens,  "praeceptum  suscepi." 
Sequenti  vero  et  media  nocte  ccepit  de  tumxilo  viri 
Dei  omne  genus  odoramentorum  sentiri,  et  caecus* 
interim  gravissimis  oculorum  punctionibus  gravissime 
torqueri.  Clamavit  itaque  fortiter,  sanatus  est  mira- 
biliter;  laudavit  Deum  et  Dunstanum  hUariter. 


^  9t4o</]  om.  L. 

>  admittemhan  ]    ad   imitandom^ 
Boll. 


^  Leonham]  Leoham,  Boll.  Mab. 
^  cascus"]  secuB,  Mab. 


AUCTORE  OSBERNO.  131 

3.  Tres  etiam  mtilieres  in  ima  domo  commanebant,  Three  blind 

.      .1.  1  i  ..I  .  women  who 

sunili   ex  lonsq  tempore   csecitate   percussse,  et   onere  had  been 
paupertatis  oppressae.    Has  magnus  ille  Dunstanus  dum  of  Dunstan, 
in  corpore  vixisset,  inter  cseteros  ecdesiae  stipendiarios  ^ 
pauperes   alere   solebat;   quae,   accepto   rumore  patrati 
miraculi,  aJtemis    se    hortabantur    sermonibus,    ''Quid 
"  hie,"  ^  inquiunt,  "  sedemus,*  quae  patrem  vitae  nostrsB 
''  revivisoere  audimus  ?  ^  eamus  ad  ilium ;  caJamitatem 
"  deploremus,  auxilium  flagitemus.    Qui  nostram  suevit 
''  depellere  paupertatem,  dignabitur  corporis  nostri  pro- 
''  fligare    csecitatem;    compatietur   fame  morituris,    ut 
"  reddita   luce   gratiam   prsestet   pauperculis,    operibus 
"  manuum    suarum    deinceps   victuris."     Dixerunt   et 
rectore  baculo   viam   qusB   ducit  ad   civitatem  pergere 
coeperunt.    Cumque  ad  portam  ecdesise  venissent,  junc- 
tis^  ad  invicem  manibus  ingressse   sunt,   procidentes-gerejtored 
que*  ante  memoriam  viri  hac  moerorem  supplicatione^itttomb. 
depromunt;  ''Pater  sancte,  pater  serene,  ad  has  tuse 
"  misericordi^  stipendiarias  intende,  ut  aut  solito  more 
"  victum   eis   tribuas,  aut  lumen   oculorum   per   quod 
"  vitam  transigere  possint  rcstituas."     Et  iterum  dixe- 
runt, "Piissime,  potentissime,  his  tuis  misellulis^  mise- 
"  rere."    Sic  oraverunt,  et  inter  orandum  dare  viderunt, 
magnumque  gaudium  populo  preestiterunt. 
!       4.  Sacerdos  quidam  Folcanensium  prsepositus,  nomine  ^^^'S*^- 
;  Ceowlfiis,*  vir  locuples  valde  erat,  mxiltaque  nobilitate  J'oikBtone 
inter  suos  poUebat.    Hie  per  multos  annos  ita  onmium  tic. 
membrorum  paralysi  dissolutus  fiierat,  ut  neque  vicinas 
possessiones   adire,   neque   ecdesise   limina    contingere, 
nisi  in  grabato  deportatus,  valeret.     Suasus   itaque   ab 
intimis  suis,  ut  ad  memoriam  domini  Dunstani  miserum 
cadaver    sineret   transferri,   prime   quidem  verecunde^ 


^  Mtipendiarioa^  stipendaiios,  L.       i      ^  procidentesque^  procedentesque, 
'  hk']  hinc,  Mab.  L. 


'  sedemut']  sedimiu,  Mab. 
*  avdimitf ]  yidimoB,  L. 
^jwtctis]  Yinctis,  L. 


7  miseUuUs'i  misellis,  L. 

B  Ceowlfiu  I  Ceonolfhs,  Boll. 

*  venemide]  Terecundia,  Mab. 

I  2 


132 


MIRACULA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


He  IB  per- 
suaded to 
havere-I 
oouneto 
Dunstan, 


and  is 
healed. 


fie  Kivea  a 

feanonthe 

occasion. 


and  speak- 
ing with 
contempt  of 
Dunstan, 
has  another 
panlytio 
stroke* 


distulit  homo  dives,  dedignans  CQnsortium  paupertatis, 
ex  omnibus  locis  propter  spem  recuperandsB  salutis 
illuc  confluentis.  Sed  cum  jam  prse  doloris  magnitudine 
sibi  ipsi  esset  intolerabilis,  jussit  feretralem  equorum 
lateribus  machinam  coaptari,  seque  in  ea  positum  ad 
ecdesisa  januas,  ubi  memoratus  sanctus  requiescit,  per- 
trahi.  Ibi  dientum  suorum  humeris  sustentatus  intro 
illatus  est,  prosequente  ilium  non  parva  mxiltitudine 
agnatorum,  flebiKbus  vodbus  Dunstani  nomen  invocan- 
tium.  Secunda  autem  die  factus  in  agonia,  segrotus 
sensit  quasi  manum  hominis  per  totum  corpus  discur- 
rentem,  omnesque  totius  corporis  nervos  distringentem.^ 
Inde  vociferans  e  terra  exsiliit,  in  pedibus  suis  con- 
stitit,  et  restituta  ad  integrum  sanitate,  exclamare 
coepit,  "  Benedictus  Filius  Dei  viventis  in  bono  servo 
"  Suo  Dunstano,  et  benedictus  bonus  servus  Ejus  Dun- 
"  stanus  in  Hlo.  Vere  pius,  vere  omnipotens  Christus, 
"  Qui  servos  tam  potentes,  tantaque  pietate  prseditos 
"  habet."  Mox  hymnis  et  laudibus  devotissime  Domino 
persolutis,  qui  alienis  manibus  fuerat  deportatus  suis 
pedibus  cucmTit,  equum  ascendit,  et  cum  omni  comi- 
tatu  gaudens  et  bilaris  recessit.  Sed  post  paucos  dies 
facto  convivio  in  domo  sua,  convocavit  omnes  amicos 
et  notos,  ut  sibi  de  adepta  sanitate  congauderent  et 
congratularentur.  Cumque  in  magno  gaudio  conviva- 
rentur,  coeperunt  Deum  laudare  et  glorificare  Qui,  cum 
sit  potens,  potentem  non  abjecerit,  sed  cum  pauperibus 
Suis  poenitentiaB  ei  spatia  concesserit.  Super  quo  indig- 
natus  ille  respondit,  ''Num  me  inter  csBteros  pauperes 
"  computatis,  quia  inter  eos  sanatum  asseritis  ?  Non 
''  ita  est,  quoniam,  etsi  Dunstanus  non  fiiisset,  ita  mihi 
"  contigisset."  Ad  banc  vocem  toto  corpore  intremuit, 
itaque  uno  momento  eadem  qusa  ilium  dimiserat  in- 
firmitate  percussus  est,  ut  nihil  in  omnibus  membris 
esset    quod    ab    hac   percussione   intactum   remaneret. 


^  dtstringeHtemi]  distmguentem,  Mab. 


AUCTOKE  OSBERNO.  133 

Yociferabatur  ergo  miserabiliter  et  post  paulum  ex^pi-  He  dies, 
rabat  infeliciter. 

5.  Ex  illo  die  multus  timor,  multaque  drca  sanctum  Mnitipiic*- 
Dei  veneratio  excrevit,  restitutis  ad  integram  sanitatis  miFMieB. 
perfectionem   nunc   unis,    nunc    pluribus   per   singulos 

dies  segrotis  ex  diversarum  regionum  longinquitate 
porro  adductis.  Inter  hsec  multorum  cervidbus  impen- 
dens  juvenis  ferebatur,  formosa  quidem  facie  sed  a 
nativitate   fandi   impotens,  ut   qui   undenis  ^   annofum  ^^i^^ 

,  *  *  ,  cripple  18 

temponbus   nee  caput   sursum    erexent   nee   deorsum  tej^J^ 

gressum  direxerit.     Quern  super  capita  illorum  Celsius  ^*^^' 

elevatum    hiis    precibus  fletu   pennixtis    sancto   obtu- 

lerunt;    "  O.  Christe,"    inquiunt,    "  Salus    et    Creator. 

"  omnium,  Qui   homines   hac'  etiam   in   parte  caateris 

**  animantibus   excellere   voluisti,  quod  loqui  possunt' 

"  et  erecto   capite  incedere,  reforma  in  hoc  fiKo  nos- 

'<  tro   vel   quod  natura  informatum   reliquit,  vel  quod 

"  formatum  inimica  saluti   aegritudo   corrupit.     Solius 

''  enim  Tui  est  ex   eo  quod  non    est   in  id  quod   est 

"  perducere,  et  quod  est  in  quascunque  volueris  formas 

"  mutare.     Exaudi  ergo   preces   supplicantium   propter 

"  Temetipsum  et  propter  Dunstanum  dilectum  Tuum." 

Tunc    demissus    ex   humeris    bajulantium  se  sesrotus.  He  touehes 

*-'  it»  u  healed, 

ut  ad  memoriam  sancti  vicinius  applicari^  deberet,  moxandipeaks. 
ut  tumbam  tetigit,  in  pedibus  suis  constitit,  caput 
cum  scapulis  sursum  erexit,  et  resoluta  lingua  quaa 
nunquam  antea  fiierat  locuta,  excelsa  voce  damare  coe- 
pit,  "Gloria  in  excelsis  Deo,  Alleluia."  Sicque  perse- 
veravit  in  integritate  susceptss  locutionis,  ut  usque  ad 
finem  vitse  non  solum  expedite  verum  etiam  diserte 
omnia  loqueretur. 

6.  Paupercula  etiam  cum  csetera  mxiltitudine  advenit  a  poor 

wonun 

ferens  in  ulnis  triennem  natam  ex  utero  suo  sme  lu-bringiher 


1  qui  trndema^  qmndeiiiB,  Mab.       I       '  possumt"]  possiiit,  Mab. 
'  Aoc]  ac,  L. ;  bere  MS.  E.  ends.   |      ^  t^plicari]  i^plicare,  L, 


134  MmACULA  sANcrri  dunstani 

little  dauRh.  mine  natam ;  quae   cum   per  aliquot   dies  orationi  pro 

homhhni^  salute  filisB  suse  sollicita  incubuisset^  nee  exauditam  se 

aliquatenus  sentiret,  deprecata  est  omnem  derum  aux- 

ilio  sibi   apud  Dei    sanctum   fore,  confidens    eos   tanto 

citius  impetraturos  quod  vellent,  quanto  ei  prse  cseteris 

hominibus  familiarius  ^rvirent.     Affecti  itaque  pietate 

monachi  pro  dolore  matns  et  languore  puellse  ooeperunt 

instantissima  prece  sanctum  deposcere,  ut  earum  afflic- 

onthotenthHioni    solita    bonitate    dignaretur    subvenire.      Decima 

chSdsees.    autem  die  dum  forte  matemo  gremio  puella  incumbe- 

ret,  subito  apertis  oculis   dare   omnia  videbat,  et  prse 

gaudio    exsiliens   dicebat,   "Mater   mi,  quae   sunt  haec 

"  pxilcra  quse  video  ?"     Cui  ilia,  "  Videsne,"  inquit,  "  mi 

"  cara  ?"      Quae   dixit,  "  Pulcher  homo   ille  jussit   me 

"  haec  pulchra  videre."     Clamatimi  itaque  est  per  totam 

ecdesiam  puellam  a  nativitate   caacam  a  magno  ponti- 

fice    Dunstano    illuminatam.      Fit    concursus    omnium 

The  by-       matrem  cum  filia   constipantium.     Sed   cum   aliqui  ex 

standera  try     ,  «  ,  i         i       i-t  i* 

vhcther  she  clero  credcre   non  possent  quod  patentibus   oculis  acu- 

can  really  ••••  .  -m      .        »     ■*  «  ••i* 

see.  men  visionis  messet,  volentes  mdagandse   ventatis  sig- 

num  videre,  jactant  poma,  sicut  pueris  alludi  solet, 
per  pavimentum  ecdesiae,  ut  experirentur  si  absque 
errore  infantula  posset  ea  sequendo  comprehendere. 
Qu83  confestim  de  sinu  matris  exsiliens,  rotantia  poma 
per  diversos  an&actus  insectabatur,  eisque  apprehensis 
celeri  cursu  ad  matrem  revertebatur.  Tunc  deprehen- 
sum  est  puellam  patentibus  oculis  posse  videre,  qui 
antea  sine  lumine  videbantur  patere. 


An  old  7.  Item  anus  qusedam  ad  memoriam  sancti  pontifids 

mim  p^ea  perducta  est,  ut  quod  in  juventute  perdiderat,  in  extrema 

)^^.and  aetate  lumen  oculorum  redperet.     Vacans  ergo  orationi 

guide.         nec  ulla  salutis  remedia  consequens,  egreditur  de  civitate 

volens  ad  locimi  unde  venerat  remeare.    Jamque  pontem 

fluminis  Sturse  ascendere  coeperat,  cum  forte  ductoris  sui 

auxilio    destituta  clamabat,   ''Dunstane,  Dunstane,  nec 

"  speratum  a  te  lumen  obtinui,  et  ductorem  nunc  per- 


AUCTORE  OSBERNO.  135 

"  didi."     Mirabile   dictu   et    malefidis   difficile  creditu,  shocnesto 

Dunstaii 

protenus  ilia  juvenes  per  medium  pontis  ligna  ferentes  and  reoovera 
darissime  vidit,  quibuscum  in  dvitatem  rediit  et  quid 
factum  sit  omnibus  indicavit. 

8.  Quid  de  Clemente  Teutone  dicam^  cui  magis  aptum  element  the 
nomen  est  Demens  quam  Clemens^  quem  sacerdos  pro  possessed  by 
culpa    voluptatis    et    contumacisB   in    interitum   camisspiiit* 
Satanae  tradiderat,  et  ita  maledictionis  sententia  septem 

annis  devinxerat  ut  non  solum  in  eodem  loco  toto 
corpore  tremendo,  verum  etiam  de  loco  ad  locum  cursi- 
tando,  instabili  ferretur  motu.  In  basilica  vero  Salvatoris 
ante  memoriam  magni  Dunstani  prsesentatus,  cum  forte 
ad  noctumas  vigilias  responsorium  "Videte  miraculum"  w  cured. 
inciperetur,  saltmn  in  sublime  dedit,  dsemoniimi  cum 
sanguine  evomuit,  et  post  hsec  omni  tempore  secundum 
omnimodam  sensatorum  qualitatem  quietus  et  loco  et 
corpore^  mansit. 

9.  Aut  quo  modo  fiictum  in  te  miraculum,  Elwarde,^  S^if 
narrabo  ?   hominem  gigantesB  magnitudinis  si  repentem  JJJJ*^^^ 
te   in    terra    tota*   mole   corporis   per   triginta    ai^os  fj^^^^ffl^ 
ponduB  non  *  premeret  gravissimae   infirmitatis  ;  postea  ^stored. 
vero  caro  patri  Dimstano  oblatus,  atque  ab  eo  mirabiliter 
sanatus,  non   solum   cunctis   factus  es  amabilis  propter 
adeptse   sanitatis   miraculum,  verum    etiam  admirabilis 
propter  corporeae  quantitatis  spectaculum.     Tu  musicus 

in  conviviis  didicisti  posthsec  convivantium  animos 
carmine  demxilcere,  et  inter  cantandum  tibiis  carmen 
modificare.  Sed  inde  tibi  excelsi  honoris  insigne  accessit, 
quod  universitas  hominUm  concordi  voce  Dunstani  to 
hominem  servulumque  vocavit.' 

10.  Sed  et  iUud  ®  non  parva  dignum  est  admirationc, 
quod  quodam  venerabili  sene  et  re^  in  omni  religione 
probato  referente  agnovimus.     Ait  namque  eundem  pa- 


1  corpore]  tempore,  L, 
3  Eltoarde  ]  Edwarde,  O.  Boll.  ; 
El?arde,  F.  L.  M. 

3  terra  totii]  tola  terra,  Boll.  Mab. 


*  non\  om.  L. 

^  Aut  .  .  vocavW]  om.  H. 

^  Sed  et  illud]  IUud  quoque,  K. 

'  re"]  om.  Mab. 


136 


MIRACULA  SANCri  DUNSTANI 


Ho  does  80 
in  vain  and 
on  his  re- 
turn meeta 
Duustan, 


Bunstan      trom  et  d'omuium   nostrum   cuidam   lonpedi  in  somms 

appears  in  a  .  .  .  *        .  - 

dream  to  a  apparuisse  atquo  ut  ad  requiem  corporis  sui  sanandus 
directs  Wm  veuiret  prsBcepisse.  Qui  ad  locum  veniens,  nee  quicquam 
tomb.  per  multos  dies  orando  salutis  inveniens,  tsedio  sive 
desperatione  fractus  recessit,  itinere  quo  venerat  redire 
temptavit ;  jamque  mediam  pene  viam  peregerat,  cum  is 
qui  dudum  dormienti  apparuerat,  vultu  severus,  veste 
decorus  occurrit,  sciscitans  unde  veniret,  vel  quo  pergendo 
tenderet.  "  Recuperandse,"  inquit,  "  salutis  gratia  jussus 
"  ad  sanctum  Dei  Dunstanum  perrexi,  sed  nihil  profi- 
"  ciens  ad  domum  meam  redeundum  putavi."  Turn  ille, 
"  Ego,"  inquit,  "  sum  Dunstanus,  omnium  servorum  Dei 
''  conservus ;  necessariis  quibusdam  causis  occupatus,  non 
"  poteram  his  diebus  requiem  corporis  mei  visitare,  nee 
*'  prsesentiam  meam  filiis  ibidem  manentibus  exhibere.  i 
"  Nam  ecclesiam  Dei  Alfrici;is,  cognomento  Bata,'  ex-  ] 
"  figeredare  temptavit,  sed  me  tutore  nihil  efficere  potuit,  ; , 
"  Nunc^SiTenTTSonfet^  hegoTiio  ad  locum  requietionis 
"  mese  yado.  Vide  ergo  ut  ilia  die  et  hora  ibi  te  inve- 
"  niam,  quatenus  per  te  gratiam  meam  meis  civibus  os- 
"  tendam."  Regressus  itaque  est  languidus  in  civitatem, 
narravit  omnibus  quse  audierat,  indictum  diem  patienter 
He  retunw  expcctabat.  Stupendum  valde,  die  et  hora  qua  sanctus 
sese  venturum  prsedixerat,  de  suscepta  sanitate  loripes 
gaudebat,  et  ineffabili  totam  urbem  laetitia  replebat. 
Hactenus  ea  quae  aliorum  testimoniis  ad  nostram  notitiam 
perlata  sunt  enarravimus ;  nunc  iis  quae  nostra  aetate 
facta  sunt  enarrandis  operam  dabimus.^ 

ApribUnd       H.  ViTgo  quaedam  Deo  devota  orationis  gratia  in  civi- 

^fc^ito  tatem   venit,   inde  misera  quod  ex  quo  nata  est  hujus 

*  mimdi  lucem  non  viderat,  sed  ex  hoc  beata  quod  aeter- 

nam  lucem  ardenti  semper  desiderio  quaesiverat.    Et  cum 

forte  natalitius  dies  sanctorum  Bartholomaei  apostoli  et^ 


who  says 
that  he  has 
been  en- 
gaged else- 
where and 
bids  him 
return. 


1  Bata]  Beta,  Boll. 

3  Hactenus  .  .  dabimus']  om.  II. 

3  satictontm  ,  ,  .  et]    om.    Mab. 


Boll.  L.  M. ;  erased  in  F. ;  found 
in  K.  and  O. 


AUOTOBE  08BERN0.  137 

confessoris   Christi   Audoeni  episcopi   instaret,   in    quo  on  the  eye  of 
panter  et  aiiorum  omnium  quorum  reliquiaB  m  ecclesiamewand 
Salvatoris   continentur,    prsscipua  veneratione  memoria  au^.  nl'she 
celebrabatur ;  postulabat  iUa a  custodibus  ecclesiae  ut  sibi  ancuat noo-| 
liceret  eadem  nocte  vigilia^  ibidem  celebrare  ;  quod  dum  cmred. 
facile  propter  vitse  religionem  obtinuisset,  remansit  in 
ecdesia  juxta  requiem  beati  patris  Dunstani  stans,  tota- 
que  nocte  vigiliis  et  orationibus  vacans.     Jam  noctumas 
laudes  inceperamus,  jam  octavum  responsorium,  "Sint 
"  lumbi  vestri  prsecincti/'  modxilatis  vocibus  concineba- 
mus,^  cum  virgo  Dei  vehementem  in  facie  sustinens  pru- 
ritum,  arctissima  digitorum  impressione  coepit  oculos  per- 
fricare.     Inde  statim  sanguis  ubertim  exiens,  in  supposi- 
tum  capitis  sui  velamen  defluxit,  modesteque  ilia  drcum- 
stantibus  innuens,  ^'Pradbete"  inquit, ''  mihivas^  sanguinis 
"  susceptoriiun,  ne  terra  sancta  ejus  colluvione  macxiletur." 
Quod  postquam  iUi  fecissent,  lympham  quoque  lavandis 
oculorum  orbibus  prsebuerunt.     Interim  nos  pueri  vultus 
iUuc  dirigere,  oculis  subaspicere,  iterumque  ad  invicem 
mutuis  aspectibus  simul  ac  nutibus  laetitiam  significare ; 
suspicati  namque  sumus,.  quod  res  erat,  bonum  patrem 
nostrum  boni  aliquid  operatum  fuisse.      Jam  cantus  de 
prsednctione  lumborum  et  ardentium  lucemarum  gesta- 
tione  secundo  terminabatur :  jam  a  cantoribus  gloria 
sanctes  et  individuas  Trinitati  reddebatur;    et  ecce  ilia 
quse  lumbos  suos  castitate  semper  prsednctos  habuerat, 
ad  gloriam  Dei  lucemas  in  ecdesia  ardentes  in  magna 
cordis  ketitia  videbat.     Mirata  est  ergo  de  omnibus  quae  Her  wonder 
videbat.   Ostendebantur  ei  laminaa  auresB,  cruces,  baccilia^  shown  her. 
daves  ecdesise;   omnia  mirata  ridebat.      Ipsas  quoque 
hominum  figuras   cum    ingenti    stupore    considerabat.' 
Videres  ergo  omnes  in  ecclesia  lacrymas  exprimere,  et  The  next 
cum  vods  modulatione  cordis  jubilatione  Deum  laudare.  wwe  to  be^ 
Orto  autem  mane  forte  ad  magistros  intravimus,  vapu-  ^  ^ 
laturi    pro    cxilpis    quas    commiseramus.      Et   ecce  de 

'  concin^amw  ]    concinabamiis,  I      '  Ipsas  .  .  cimsiderabat]  om.  L. 
Mab. 


138         MIRACULA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

Godricfor-   transverso  vir  bonus   Godricus  foribundtis  irrupit,  ita 

bids  the  * 

whipping,    clamitans ;  "  Vos  hie  homines  ineptissimi,^  crudelitatem 

of  8.  Dun-     "  in  innocentiam  evomitis,  et  dulcissimus  pater  noster 

miracle.       "  Dunstanus  suavitatem  misericordiae  suae  in  nos  pecca- 

"  tores  ostendit.    Exite :  prserogativam  miraculi  quondam 

"  a  Salvatore  in  cseco  nato  celebratam  iterum  celebrari 

"  videtis,  et  aliquid  crudeliter  facere  audetis  ?     Exitc." 

Ita  impias  manus  evasimus  et  post  haec  ecclesiam  ingressi 

8.  Dunstan's  sumus.    Tunc  pulsato  signo  beatissimi  patris  nostri,  quod 

and  the,      ipse  manibus   suis  olim   fecisse   dicebatur,   quo  nullum 

comes  to  re-  dulcius  neoue  ad  commovendos  hominum  animos  flebilius, 

turn  thanks.  ...  •    -.  i  v        -j  j  p 

concumt  universa  ci vitas  volens  oculis  videre  quod  fama 

reserante  audierat.      CcBpimus  itaque  excelsis  vocibus 

simul  et  lacrymabilibus  Dominum  Deum  nostrum  lau- 

dare,  Qui  per  beatum  servum  Suum  Dunstanum  tantis 

Isetitiis  nostra  tempora  dignatus  est  beatificare.     Et  cum 

multa  populorum   millia  in  ecclesia   starent,    neminem 

inter  omnes  videres,  qui  non  pne  gaudio  pie  ac  dulciter 

fleret. 

On  the  eve        1 2.  Vigilia  beatorum  Christi  apostolorum  Petri  et  Pauli 

and's.  Paul,  erat,  et  inclinata  jam  die  vespertinas  orationes  clerus  in 

author  and    ccclesia  agebat.     Forte  ego  cum  alio  puerulo  coaetaneo 

another  boy  it,  i-^-i     .....  i 

weroap-      mco   ad   altarc   Cnnsti  mmistraveram,  consummatoquc 

pooled  to,  by      ....  jj  j  ...i  l  . 

a  poor  wo-    mmisteno  per  gradus  descendere  mcipiebam:  et  ecce  m 

manwitha  ,  ^    ,  i  /»i.      , 

crippled^  occursum  uostrum  vetula  qusedam  cum  nlia  bene  adulta 
obviam  se  dedit,  procumbens  gradibus  simul  et  clami- 
tans, "  Miseremini  mei,®  pueri  Dei,  ut  Deus  omnipotens 
"  misereatur  vestri,^  profectum  virtutis  concedens  et 
"  aetatem  puerilem  ad  maturos  annos  feliciter  perdu- 
"  cens."  Nos  autem,  ut  id  setatis  pueri,  &ctum  foemina? 
expavescentes,  hsBsimus  loco,  miseriae  causas  flebiliter 
sciscitantes.  Tum  ilia,  "Hanc,"  inquit,  "quam  videtis 
"  filiam  meam,  a  summis  humeris  usque  ad  extremos 
"  manuum  articulos  collisam,  obstetrids  sua)  nescio  aut 


daughter. 


*  ineptissimi]  cm.  Mab.  I       '  vestri']  nostri,  Mab. 

'^  mei]  om.  L.  | 


AXTCfrORE  OSBERNO.  139 

"  fiiror  aut  negligentia  fcedom  atque  inutilem  reddidit. 

'*  Audivi  magnam  quandam  in  hoc  loco  Dei  virtutem 

"  esse,  et  ideo  ad  supplicandum  Ei  longo  itinere  temp- 

"  tavimus  hue  venire ;  vos  nobis  quid  agendum  sit,  edi- 

"  cite/'    Aspiciebamus  interim  manus  sine  forma  manus,  Description 

juncturae  juncturis  non  cohserebant,  sed  qusedam  discors  cripple. 

deformitas   informem^   quandam   ossium  concretionem ' 

faciebat,  poUices   retrorsum  deflexi  immobilem  gerebant 

sensibilitatem.'    Cseterorum   namque   digitorum    figura 

nulla,  sed   radices   quaedam   de  palma  prominentes  in- 

trorsum   curvabantur,  quae   in   vola   confixae   unguibus 

eam  perforabant;   quae  res  intolerabUes  patienti  angus- 

tias  inferebat.  Avertimus  ergo  oculos  hoc  solum  dicentes.  They  send 

TkT  L  T  •!  1  •!  hertoDun- 

JN  on  nos,  bona  mulier,  non  nos  quid  agendum  sit  con-  staD's  tomb, 
sulere  velis ;  juxta  est  qui  et  tibi  consulere  et  *  filiae 
"  tuaB  salutem  valet  procurare :  solet  namque  secundum 
"  fidem  suam  omnibus  ilium  invocantibus  subvenire." 
Tum  ilia  comprehensa  lacinia  vestis  filiae  suae  traxit 
eam  ad  locum,  moxque  toto  corpore  in  terram  prostratse 
adorant  sanctum  ambae,  fletibus  et  ejulatibus  illius  boni- 
tatem  pulsantes.  Et  vere  pulsabant,  quibus  tam  cito  jj^re  shcis 
misericordiaB  illius  viscera  patebant.  Necdum  enim 
Phoebus  marinis  fluctibus  caput  intulerat,  et  ilia  quae 
morbo  contracta  fiierat,  ruptis  venis  brachia  extollebat, 
manuum  articulos  omnes  extendebat ;  et  quae  ab  aimis 
puerilibus  digitos  movere  non  poterat,  expedite  jam 
omnia  contrectabat.*  Itaque  accurrimus,  vidimus,  flevi- 
mus,  et  facto  mane  cuni  exultatione  totius  urbis,  Domi- 
num  Deum  nostrum  Jesum  Christum "  laudavimus. 

13.  Epheborum  aliquis  prope  civitatem  manebat,  itaAyouni?. 
a  puero  debilitatus,  ut  a  lumbis  ac  deorsum  per  totum  ^^onGood 
emortuus    duobus   inniteretur    bacillis,   totius    corporis  adores  tbe 


1  i>i/brmem]  iDformam,  L. 
^   eoncretionem  ]     coiinexionein, 
Boll. 


*  juxta  .  .  eQ  om.  L. 

*  contrectabat']  contractabat,  L. 

®  Jesum  Christum'}  Deum,  Mab. 


'  pollices  .  .  sensibilitatem]  om.  h.  '  Boll, 


140  MIKACULA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

croi8,and     post  86  trahens  medietatem.     Hie  ea  die  in  qua  Filius 

stuTs  by 

Dunstan'B    Dei  in  assumpta  came  dignatus  est  mori^  Ejus  ecdesiam 

tomb.  .  ^--  .^.  •  «i. 

ingressus,  vexillum  crucis^  in  qua  monens  mortem  nos- 

tram   destruxit,  cum   caetera  multitudine   adorabat,  et 

futurae   festivitatis  gaudia  juxta  corpus  venerandi  pa- 

tris '  Dunstani  manens  exspectabat.     Adveniente  autem 

On  Easter    hora  in  qua  Dominus  noster  Jesus  Christus  triumphato 

S^S  ^  diabolo  a  mortuis  resurrexisse  creditur,  clamor  in  ecde- 

sia  factus  est  magnus,  tumultuans  adolescentem  rectum 

toto  corpore  stare,  qui  a  multis  annis  inferiores  corporis 

partes  post  se  consueverat  trahere.     Quod  quamvis  de- 

rus   scielbat,  patienter  tamen   simul   et  laetanter    soils 

ortum  exspectabat.     Mane  vero  Dominicse  resurrectionis 

The  whole    convcnit   iufinita  totius    urbis   multitudo   in  ecdesiam 

togrtherto  videre  quid  in  hominem  divina  potentia  operata  fuisset, 

quem  antea   in   infirmitate   bene  cognitum  habuissent 

Viderunt   itaque   et  Deo   gloriam   dederunt,  damantes 

bono   Domino   Dunstanum    in    vita    servisse,  cui   post 

mortem  non  solum  contigit  beatius  vivere,  verum  etiam 

benefidorum  suorum  gratiam  hominibus  prsdstare. 

cnreof  a  14.  Puerum  quoque  omnibus  membris  contractum  per 

^^^       ^'  eundem  Dei  sanctum  vidimus  sanatum.^ 

One  day  the      15.  Quadam  etiam  die,  dum  plus  solito  magistrorum 

masters  «•  i*j.  *    i^  ••• 

were  deter-  furor  m  pucros  dcssBviret,  nee  spes  mtercessionis  uspiam 
wMp  the     ulla  suppeteret,  hoc  unum  et  solum*  superesse  remedium 

hoTB  who 

betaie        credidcrunt,  ut  ad  memoriam  dulcissimi  patris  Dunstani 

themselyes  «      .  «  x      -n  j.  •    x 

toDunstan's  couHigium  facereut,  illumque  non  tam  intercessorem 
quam  adversus  impietatis  ministros  defensorem  exhibe- 
rent.  Conferunt  itaque  se  summo  diluculo  ad  ilium 
multis  lacrymis  ejus  dementiam  postulantes,  sedenti- 
bus  per  diversa  loca  magistris,  qua  transitus  puerorum 
esse  deberet,  exitumque  illorum  de  ecdesia  multiplici 
diligentia  aucupantibus.  Et  ecce  lacrymantibus  illis 
appaxuit,   pios    vultus  gerens,   pius  pater   Dunstanus, 

^pa/ris]  noetri/ ins.  L.  I  omits  all  down  to  parvipendebat, 

3  sanaiwn}    From  this  point  H.  |  p.  142  below. 


AUCTORE  OSBERNO. 


141 


tangensque  virga   quam   manu   gestabat  imum  illorum  Danstan 
apertis  oculis  videntem,  sed   movendi  se  omnino  impo- one  oi  them 
tentem,  ita  adorsus   est  fari;  ''Jam  desitum  sit,  pueri,  muesheip. 
"  a  fletu,  quoniam  nullum  vobis  hodie  molestum   esse 
"  permitto.    Idcirco  enim  veni  invitatus  lacrymis  doloris 
"  vestri.     Ecce  nunc  ibo,  et  magistros  egressum  vestrum 
explorantes    gravissimo    somno    soporabo.      Tu   veroHebidshim 

.  ?  ^  •        i  J-  teUtheprior 

puer,  qm  me  loquentem  cemis  et  audis,  cum  vos  meo  to  remove 

«  Ti         .  •      •      t.  M  •  i«         the  body  of 

"  munere  liberatos  esse  coimovens,  m  hoc  mini  sratiam  ewi  h»- 
prsestabis,  si  nujus  ecdesiae  prseposito  ex  meo  nomme  chrigtened 
prsecipias  ut   initiatum   infantulum   hunc,  qui  juxta 


t< 


€< 


<( 


t< 


(( 


a 


(t 


€( 


St 


t< 


me  ^  nuper  conditus  est,  filium  comitis  Haraldi,^  foras 
projid  £Ebciat.  Indecens  namque  valde  est,  ut  ibi 
paganorum  corpora  sepeliantur  ubi  divina  quotidie 
mysteria  celebrantur.  Quod  si  ipse  aut  metu  aut 
increduUtate  prseceptum  meum  neglexerit,  noverit  hac 
in  eodesia  nihil  prosperum  processurum  quamdiu  hoc 
meum  prseceptum  opere  non  foerit  impletum."  Hsec 
dicens  sepulcro  receptus  est.  Is  autem  qui  hsec  viderat 
turn  quidem  puer,  nunc  vero  reverendse  setatis  senior, 
quique '  ut  ista  sublato  nomine  iUius  scriberentur,  solli- 
cite  nos  admonuit,  statim  sui  compos  effectus  innuit  soda-  jJJ^^J'*' 
libus  pueris  dicens,  "  Num  patrem  Dunstanum  vidistis  ?  J^ij^^ 
«  Num  quid  locutus  fuerit  audistis?"  Narravitque 
omnia  seriatim,  ''Hsec,"  inquiens,  "et^  hsec  locutus  est." 
Surgentes  ergo  pueri  ut  intrarent  domum  mar- 
tyriii^^transieru^  aite  primos  magistros;  dormierunt. 
Transierunt  ante  secundos;  dormierunt.  Transierunt 
ante  tertios  et  quartos;  dormierunt.  Post  paulum^TheypaaB 
vero  eviirilantes  et  derisos  se  firaviter  dolentes,  versi  in  who  have 
mrorem,  statuunt  ssevissimam  tertia  diei  hora  de  puens 
ultionem  sumere,  quos  protegente  Dunstano  mane  non 
potuerunt  contingere.  Talis  enim  mos  in  ecclesia  tunc 
temporis  erat,  ut  quos  prima  diei  hora  sine  vindicta  ser- 
varet,  eos  hora  tertia  durius  puniret.     Sed   Dunstanus 


'  me]  om.  L. 

3  HarMi]  Haroldi,  Mab.  Boll. 

'  qvique]  qai,  L. 


*  ei"]  hiec  et,  Mab.  , 

*  marUffix]  partly  erased  in  L. 

*  paii/vm]  paoIo,  Mab. 


142 


MIRACULA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


TheboTS 
escaped  the 
whipping. 


The  prior 
disbeUeves 
the  meBsage. 


Dunstan 
leaves  the 
church  in 
disgust; 


and  it  is 
burned: 
(in  1007.) 


semper  et  ubique  fidelis  ita  prsefatos  eadem  hora  a  se 
magistros  divisit^  ut  non  tarn  de  puerorum  kesione  cogi- 
tare  quam  de  sua  liberet  confusione  tractare.  Ita  pueri 
periculum  diei  illius  evasere,  atque  in  crastino  vigilias 
Dominicee  Nativitatis  gaudenti  animo  videre.  At  is, 
qui  legatione  patris  fungebatur,  quae  audierat  prseposito 
fideliter  nunciabat,  sed  ille  infideli  mente  nunciata 
parvipendebat. 

16.  Quotiens  ^  etiam  in  noctuma  visione  visus  est  fra- 
tribus  de  ecdesia  exire!  quern  cum  exeuntem  retinere 
vellent,  "  Non  possum,"  inquit,  "  ibi  manere  propter  foe- 
"  torem  pagani  pueri,  licet  initiati,  in  hac  ecclesia  se- 
"  pulti."  *  Nee  multo  post  Ecclesia  Salvatoris  igni 
combusta  est,  parietes  ceciderunt,  nee  quicquam  ex 
omnibus  monasterii  officinis  incombustum  remansit, 
prseter  duas  domos  sine.quibus  monachi  remanere  non 
possent,  dormitorium  scilicet  et  refectorium :  tantamque 
claustri  partem  sub  quanta  absque  imbrium  infusione 
ab  ima  domo  in  aliam  possent  introire  ;^  ex  quo  satis 
videre  fait  quantam  nostri  curam  pater  ^  Dunstanus 
habuerit. 


Lanfirano         17.  Sed  horum  ruina  in  melius  commutata  est,  veni- 

foundations  cutc  vcnerabili  viro  Lan£ranco  archiepiscopo,  et  omnium 

^^C      qui  nostra  ^tate  in  terra  Aienrnt  sanctissimo  simul  ax: 

sapientissimo.     Qui  cum  fundamenta  construendaB  nova3 

ecclesias   ponere   vellet,  neque   hoc  absque  translatione 

corporum  infra  ambitum  ejusdem  ecclesise  quiescentium 

facere  posset,  indixit  jejunium   omni  populo,  quatenus 

and  removes  sanctorum   volimtas  fieret,  ut   eorum   corpora  ad   alia 

the  bodies  of  «  .  /•       •    j  ■•  j.       tv  i_    •  x»  j.* 

the  saints,  loca  transfcm  deberent.  Die  vero  huic  negotio  consu- 
tuto,  orante  omni  populo,  clero  cereis  et  aromatibus 
omnique  genere   gaudiorum   occurrente,  par&verunt  se 


>    Qmtiens]    Here  MS.  H.  re- 
someB. 

*  propter  . .  sqmltt]  vrittes  over 
an  erasure  in  F.  ;  propter  spnrcitias 


maloram  momm  et  reorom  in  ec- 
clesia sepultomm,  H.  E. 

*  introire]     Here  MS.  Harl.   56 
ends. 

*  pater"}  noster,  ins.  L.. 


AUCTORE   OSBERNO. 


143 


sacerdotes  ut  thecam  sancti  patris  Dunstani  absque  con-  Dunstui's 
trectatione  corporis  illius  e  terra  levarent,  et  ad  locum  moved. 
cum  omni  diligentia  prseparatum  deferrent.     Quam  cum 
in  humeris  accepissent,  retinetur  a  quibusdam   ecdesise 
militibus  qui  pacem  regis  Willelmi  ^  nuper  infregerant,  Certain 
occisia  duobus  equitibus,  nepotibus  videlicet  Scotlandi,*  had  kuied 

■■■  two  men, 

qui  erat  abbas  monasterii  Sancti  Augustini  extra  urbis  tekehoidof 
muros    constituti.      Timebant  autem  ne    mors   occiso-  coffin. 
rum  morte  sua  solveretur,  et  ideo  evitandi  hujus  mali 
causa,    neque   a   sancto   recedere,    neque    thecam   ejus  . 
dimittere   voluerunt.     Vocati   simt   itaque   tam    abbas  The  abbot  of 

,     ,  -  S.  Augufl- 

quam  omnes'  ii  quorum  interfiiit  vindictam  donare;  ne-  tine's,  whose 
gaverunt,  nee  mortem  occisorum  sine  vindicta  remittere  J^^  ^^ 
voluerunt.     Quid  ergo?    Deductum  est  sacrum  corpus wfui^to^ 
infecto  negotio,  atque  in  oratorio  beatse  virginis  Marise  J^^^^i]*" 
collocatum.     Summo  autem  diluculo   nobis    adhuc   in^^^n. 
stratis  quiescentibus,  irrupit  in  ecdesiam  abbas  stipatus 
parentum   catervis.    Postulat   fratres   celerius  excitari. 
Dicit  se  necessario  illis  loqui  velle.     Qui  cum  venissent, 
accessit  ad   corpus  sancti,  genua  flexit,  atque  in  haec 
verba  lacrymabiliter  erupit ;  "  Peccavimus  in  te,  sancte 
"  Dei,  nolentes  tibi   in  conspectu  populi  exhibere   ho- 
"  norem   obsequii.     Ecce,   nunc   et*  injuriam   donamus, 
"  et  de  mentis  nostrse  obstinatione  veniam  imploramus." 
Nos  autem  mirantes   tam   subitam  rei^um  mutationem 
cognovimus  illos  per  visionem  a  sancto  Dei  fuisse  per- 
territos,   et  vix  noctem  illam   transegisse  vivos,  prop- ^®j^Pj^^ 
terea  quod  presbyter  quidam  aspectu  terribilis,  qui  ex 
figuratis  imaginibus  Dimstano  visus  est  simillimus,  gra- 
vibus  eos  cruciatibus  vexasset,  diuque  vexatos  ardenti 
rogo  concremandos  violenter  pertraxisset.     Ita  illi  quam 
sponte  noluerunt,  coacti  injuriam  donaverunt. 

18.  His  temporibus  conflictum  iniit  Lanfrancus  archi-  ^^^'*^^" 
episcopus  adversus  natu  majores  regni  Anglorum,  prse-  ^^^ 


1  WilUltnil  WiUermi,  Msb.  M. 
3  Scotlandt]  Scoclandi,  M.   Scol- 


land,  abbot  of  S,  Augustine's,  107Q- 
1087. 
'  omite«]  om.  L. 


144 


MIIIACULA  SANCTI   DUNSTANI 


Claimiot 

Odoof 

Bayeuz. 


Lanfiruio 
seeks  help 
fromDun- 

BtUl. 


Danstan 
appeanuid 
enoouraeM 
him. 


He  is  victo- 
rious. 


StonroC 
BgeiwBrd. 


cipue  adversus  episcopum  Bajocensem,  nomine  Odonem, 
qui  erat  frater  regis  et  comes  Cantise,  de  jure  ecdesise 
Christi  et  quibusdaL  terris  inde  ab  ;atiqiis  tempori- 
bus  injuste  ablatis.  Sed  nihil  de  viribus  suis  confidens, 
erat  namque  sicut  omnibus  sapientia  incomparabilis,  ita 
in  conspectu  Dei  prse  omnibus  semper  humilitate  ad- 
mirabilis,  deprecatus  est  beatum  Dunstanum  auxilio 
sibi  fore  ad  defendendam  causam  ecdesise  suse.  Et 
oblata  pro  exauditione  hostia  salutari,  quietus  sedebat 
in  loco  exspectans  advocationem  causidicorum,  simul  ac 
meditans  quid  vel  ipse  adversariis  objicere,  vel  qualiter 
ad  objecta  quseque  posset  respondere. 

Tunc  interim  excessum  mentis  patienti  apparuit 
sanctus  Dei,  stans  in  medio  duorum  aliquorum  ange- 
lica dignitate  praeditorum,  angelicos  et  ipse  vultus 
habens,  atque  in  vultu  quandam  frontis  et  oculorum 
conniventiam  Lanfranco  ostendens.  Ex  qua  visione  de 
capienda  victoria  securus  ille  effectus  concilium^  malig- 
nantium  intrepidus  adiit,  munitiones  iUorum  torrente 
rationtim  funditus  dissipavit.  Ita  enim  cunctos  Christi 
ac  suos  devidt  adversarios,  ut  et  quae  sui  juris  erant 
ecdesise  Christi  integerrime  restituerentur,  et  hoc  non 
humana  sapientia  sed  divina  factum  ^sse  virtute, 
idem  Domini  servus  gloriaretur.* 

19.  *Sed  illud  supra  onmia  quae  vidimus  admirabile 
putamus,  quod  in  .^!gelwardum  ecdesise  Christi  mona- 
dium  factum  agnovimus ;  qui  cum  juvenis  esset  et  evan- 


^  concilium]  consiliam,  L.  The 
Btory,  "which  is  told  by  Eadmer  in 
his  Historia  Novella  as  well  as  in 
his  book  of  the  Miracles,  most  be- 
long to  the  year  1076,  in  whieh  the 
placitnm  of  Fennenden  was  keld« 
See  Anglia  Sacra,  i.  334,  335. 

s  ghriaretur]  gloriabatur,  L. 

'  The  following  miracle  is  omitted 
in  the  Lambeth  MS.,  and  also  in 
MS.  M.  by  Mabillon  and  the  Bollan* 
dists.  It  is  fbnnd  in  the  other  MSS. 


K.  and  C,  and  is  inserted  on  a  blank 
leaf  in  F.  The  Arundel  MS.  has 
here  on  a  leaf  inserted  the  following 
story  : — 

<*  Qnoddam  miraculmn,  qaod  mi- 
"  randa  Dei  potentia  dignata  est 
*'  ad  honorem  beati  Donstani  boni 
"  yestri  patroni,  vobis  yolomns  no- 
*'  tificari.  In  Gloecestreschira  quse- 
"  dam  yilla  est  qusB  vocator  Sapre- 
"  tone,  in  qua  quiedam  basilica  in 

memoria   et  veneratione  Sancti 


(( 


AUCTORE   OSBERNO. 


145 


geUum  Christi  ad  sacras  Missarum  celebrationes  Icgere 
soleret,  frequenter  a  prsefato  archiepiscopo  Lanfranco 
admonitus  est  ut  castum  se  haberet,  nullas  corporis 
sui  immunditias  contraberet,  ne  indigne  ilium  ad  al- 
tare  servientem  malignus  aliquando  spb-itus  invaderet. 
Quadam  ergo  die  dum  ex  prisca  consuetudine  altari 
deservirent,  jamque  Dominica  oratione  finita  ad  hoc 
ventum  fuisset  ut  in  manus  archiepiscopi  patenam'dare 
deberet^  .  terribiles  ac  diabolicas  nescio  quas  formas 
juxta  altare  conspicit  assistentes,  et  quasi  impetum  in 
se  facere  volentes.  Ad  quarum  intuitum  usque  ad  ani- 
mam  juvenis  conterritus,  nee  omnino  execrabilem  vul- 
tum  illorum  ferens,  tales  horrendis  stridoribus  clamores 
insonuit,  "  Christus  vincit,  Christus  regnat,  Christus 
"  imperat."  Inter  quae  verba  totus  a  maligno  spiritu 
invasus  expanses  brachiis  archiepiscopum  divina  sacri- 
ficia  agentem  apprehendit  timidusque  tenuit ;  nee  ab  illo 
recedere  voluit,  quousque  ministri  capellani  accurrerent, 
violenter  eum  avellerent,  exertisque  militibus  custodien- 
dum  traderent.  Expleta  autem  missa  intravit  Lanfran- 
cus  in  secretiorem  domus  partem,  dsamonicum  duci  ad  se 
prsecepit,  clausoque  ostio  solus  cum  solo  remansit :  con- 
stringensque  Sanctis  manibus  sasva  brachia  patientis,  pra}- 
cepit  illi  culpam  confiteri  propter  quam  a  tam  saevo  dse- 


He  had  been 
warned  by 
Lanfranc  to 
lead  a  pure 
life. 


He  sees  evil 
splritB  dur- 
ing divine 
service. 


He  18  seized 
by  an  evil 
spirit  and 
lays  hold  of 
the  upch- 
bishop. 


« 

Cf 

(( 
u 
« 
(• 
(( 
(I 

C( 

(f 

(t 
(I 
cr 
« 


Dunstani  ab  antiquis  temporibas 
est  fedificata  et  dedicata.  HnjuB 
preabiter  snifl  prsecepit  parochia- 
nifl  quatenns  celebrandmn  Sancti 
Donstam  festnm  celebrarent,  cele- 
brantesqae  exnltarent.  Quod 
omneB  at  jastiim  est  fecemnt,  ex- 
cepto  qaodam  villano  fatao  et  in- 
Bano,  qui,  aliis  feriantibas  festum- 
qne  celebrantibus,  solas  in  agro 
sao  operatos  est.  Sed  illias  conyi- 
eanei  hoc  yidentes,  hocquo  repre- 
hendentes,  rogaveraat  iljum  at  a 
tali  cessaret  opere,  ne  sibi  male 
contingeret.  .Qaibusille  maligno 


''  inflatas  spirita  respondit  dicens 
**  '  Car  ego  pro  Dunstano  de  Saprc- 
"  *  tane  meam  dimitterem  atilita- 
*^  <  tem  ?  Quis  illo  est  ? '  Res  mira  et 
"  aadienda  et  tenenda  1  Mox  rus- 
*<  ticus  illemiserrimas  anam  absque 
**  mora  perdidit  ocalam;  nam  a 
/'  capite  decidit,  et  ad  sai  doloris 
"  augmentam  qaiedam  qaae  habait 
«  Tscca,  arrepta  rabie  incompesci- 
^'  hiiij  eadem  hora  insanivit,  sicque 
periit.  Hajus  vero  focti  tot  sunt 
testes  qaot  homines  in  ilia  regionc 
habehtar  abi  hoc  erenit  et  abi 
**  nisticoB  ille  adhac  habitat." 


« 


c< 


« 


146  MIRACULA   SANCTI   DUNSTANI 

The.evii      mone  potuisset  invadi.   Ccepit  ille  velle  confiteri,  sed  mox 
vents  him    ut  ad  verbum  veniebatur  Im^rua  illius  a  daemone  detine- 

from  con-  ,  -r  n  t-ii 

fessing.but  batur.     Adiurat  itaque  Lannuncus  diabolum  ut  loquen- 

18  overcome  .  . 

byLanfranc.  tem  non  impediat,  sed  culpam  quam  fecerat  coxifiteri 
permittat.  Itaque  divina  virtute  diabolus  superatur, 
commissum  crimen  monachus  confitetur,  in  utroque  pon- 
tifex  magnifice  gratulatur.  Post  hsec  in  capitulum  duc- 
tus, cbrporali  disciplinse  subditus  aliquamdiu  mansit  quie- 
tus.  Deinde  reddens  ad  pedes  axchiepiscopiperstringebat 
unumquemque  torvis  ac  minacibus  oculis,  minitans  se 
palam  dicturum  quod   unusquisque   in  secreto  operatus 

ue  threat-   fuisset.      Erat   autem   inter  cseteros   fratres   adolescens 

enstorovcal        .,  .    ,.  ,  rv»     i^«  i  •      • 

the  wicked-  quidam  qucm  speciali  quadam  anectione  arcniepiscopus 
companions;  dilig^ebat.  eo  quod  materiam  boni  illi  inesse  conspiceret, 

one  young       ,     ^    .  ^  .        t  ±  •    •       j  t 

man  m  par-  si  quis  Cam  possct  elicerc  et  praecipiendo  meliorem 
reddere.  Hunc  ergo  inconsolabiliter  propter  rem  qusd 
acciderat  gementem,  atque  amaras  ad  Dominum 
laciymas  profundentem,  maUgnus  spiritus  compescuit, 
dicens,  "  Quid  tu,"  inquit  "  lacrymaris  ?  Vanae  sunt 
"  lacrymse  tuse,  vanus  ploratus  tuus.  Idem  nos  locus 
"  habebit,  ambos  infemus  tenebit."  Nolens  autem  Lan- 
francus  adolescentem  a  dtemonio  verecundiam  pati^ 
confestim  de  loco  surgit,  apprehensum  ilium  seorsum 
ducit  prius,  ut  solitus  erat,  precibus  agens,  ut  si  quid 
in  illo  peccati  lateret  in  vera  Deo  confessione  ediceret, 
ne  diabolus   ilium   ligatum   teneat^   et  coram   omnibus 

The  young   qu8B  commisissct  valcat  improperare.     Qui  statim  qusB- 

man  con-  j.      j.  ^  x 

LM^im      cunque  a   pueritia    de    se  scire   poterat  magna    cordis 

who  does'     alacritate   confitens,  tantis   archiepiscopum   gaudiis   re- 
alms m  sign  IT        I  O 

of  gratitude,  plevit  ut  ct  manibus  confitentis  crebra  oscula  figeret, 
et  pro  redemptione  illius  trecentis  pauperibus  eadem  die 
stipem  porrigeret.  Hujusmodi  namque  cunctis  peccata 
sua  apud  ilium  deplorantibus  pnestare  solitus  erat,  ut 
juxta  modum  culparum  largitionem  exhiberet  eleemosy- 

Thcmad-     narum.     Ducitur  interea  vesanus  ille  ad  tumbam  sancti 

_  ■ 

brought  to  patris  Dunstani,  prosequente  ilium  tota  monasterii  con- 

Dimstan's  ,,  .,  .  .    .  .,,  ,  -i  •      • 

tomb.  gregatione ;  ibique  exorasmo  super  mum  ab  archiepiscopo 
facto,   toto    illo   die    incolumis    permansit    et  quietus. 


AUCrORE   OSHERNO.  14/ 

Proinde  nos  immensia  l^titiia  exultare  veluti  homines  qui  4£t«betaB 


148  MIRACULA   SANCTI   DUNSTANI 

Lanfranc,    vehementer  indignatus   apprehensa  adolescentis  dextera 
thephysi-    ccBpit  ad   demonlacum  ire,  comitantibus   ilium  Alberto 

ciaii.  and  *  t      i  •     t* 

others,  go  to  medico,  Quem  postea  cardinalem  sanctae  Romanae  eccle- 

vialtthem.      .  /•  *  ,1..  mi 

S18B   clencum  vidimus,  et  ams   quibusdam  quorum   no- 

mina  non  satis  memorise  occurrunt.     Jamque  coeperamus 

ad  domum,  in  qua  dsemoniacus  sub  magna  custodia  ja- 

cebat  vinctus,  appropinquare,  cum  illorum  duorum  ad- 

huc  parietum   septis  indusus  nee  potuitque  nos  corpo- 

ralibus  oculis  yidere,  pnevalens  rabidissimis  vocibus  haec 

tolihSn  be-*  i^^^^^^^'J'^^^  "  Laufrancc,  Lanfrance,  et  tu  Alberte   medice, 

them!^  *®®*  "  et  tu  ille  et  ille,  et  juvenis  cujus  ego  societate  gaudeo, 

"  non  vos  video,  et  ad  me  venire   atque  de   me  verba 

"  habere  scio."     Ad  quaa  dicta  supra  quam  did  potest 

pontifex  admiratus  ingreditur  ad  aegrotum,  furorem  iUius 

sancta  mitigat  asperitate;   offert  juvenem  tanta  quaesi- 

Themad-     tum  importunitate.    Quem  ille  nunc  contractis  luminibus 

man  fails  ■,  .   .  ,  1     1        ^     j. 

to  reooff.      subaspiciens  negat  eum  esse  quem  quaerebat :   lactoque  , 

young  man   impetu  nisus    cst   disccrpcre    ilium.     Tum   Lanfrancus 

threatened,  per   virtutcm   confcssionis    actitatum   intelligens,    quod- 

juvenem   toties   inclamatum   malignus  spiritus  non  ag- 

nosceret,  conversus  ad  daemonem,  "  Etsi  mendax,"  inquit, 

"  sis  et  pater  mendaciorum,  in  hoc  tamen  veritati,  velis 

''  nolis,  contestaris,  quod   hunc  adolescentem   non   esse 

"  quod  fiiit  attestaris,  quoniam  per  confessionem  est  ab- 

"  solutum  quicquid  aut  per  propriaB  fragilitatis  negligen- 

''  tiam  dimissum,  aut  per  diabolicam  expugnationem  ex- 

The  e^di      "  stiterat  commissum."    Elxinde  majoribus  tormentis  pos- 

^omes         sessum  corpus  diabolus  a^tare.     Et  nunc  simulabat  so 

in  him.        mutum,  uuuc  ostcudcbat  sme  modo  multiloquum.     Ite- 

rum   amarissime   flere  et  subito  turpissime   cachinnare, 

aliquando  suaviter  loqui,  et  confestim  clamoso  tumultu 

vociferari. 

The  removal      Sed  jam   qucmadmodum  et    daemon   ejectus,   et   ob- 

oftherelicB  ■,  im         x  *!  x  -n 

into  the  scssus  a  daemone  liberatus  sit,  contexam.  Per  pau- 
cos  dies  exegit  ratio  ut  transferri  deberent  corpora 
sanctorum  de  praefato  praefatae  virginis  oratorio  in  do- 
mum quandam  refectorii,  quoniam  oportebat  idem  ora- 


AUurOBE  OSBBRNO. 


torium    pro    extendendia    noTse    ecdesue    fimdameDtis  ^  the 
destrui,  nee  prseter  illam  alia  domus  inveniri  poterat  ings^nyinj 


tt 


150  MIRACULA  SANCrri  DUNSTANI 

Heisde-     bajuliiJites  venerabile   corpus    Sancti   Diinstani,  illi    de 

^Dun-*'   transverso    ferentes    semivivuin   cadaver    insani,  depo- 

8  n  8  CO  n.  g^^J^^J^^    utnimque    in    terram    clamantes   et   dicentes, 

"  Bene  tibi,  pater   Dunstane,  cum    diabolo   conveniat ; 

"  tu   videris   si    in  domo  tua  tecum    manere    debeat." 

Egressis   autem   omnibus,   remansit   quidam   monachus 

qui    familiari     quodam    affectu    dominum   Dunstanum 

semper  dilexerat,  et  ei  in  multis  rebus  secundum  posse 

A  monk       suiun  obscquium  detulerat.     Hie  ergo  fisus  de  ilia  quam 

hjm?iii^  f  ad  sanctum  Dei  habuerat  familiaritate,  arreptum  crucis 

staff  upon  ^vexillum  quod  olim  ante   ilium  beatissimum  episcopali 

him  and  * »         t    n       *  x.  •!.     •n     i  • 

prays.  ntu  defem  consueverat,  posuit  mud  super  insanum, 
ita  cum  lacrymis  Dunstanum  exorans;  "Tu  dulcior 
melle,  tu  omni  pulchrior  flore,  multimodis  paradisi 
odoribus  plene,  cur  n\mc  virtutum  tuarum  aromata 
"  non  spirant,  quae  tam  saevum  daemonium  extricare 
"  valeant?  Dignus  ego  non  sum  quem  orantem  exau- 
"  dias,  sed  si  quis  est  in  omnibus  hujus  ecdesiae  filiis, 
"  qui  secundum  voluntatem  tuam   tibi  imquam  servie- 

Thedoyii  "  rit,  pro  cjus  amorc  hunc  dsemonem  expelle."  Inter 
hsBC  verba  daemoniacus  quievit  et  lassato  furore  quasi 
exanimis  jacuit.  At  monachus  ille  majorem  adhuc  de 
sancto  confidentiam  sumens  omnia  jacentis  vincula  dis- 
solvit.     Qui  statim  quasi  de  alio  sfeculo  eductus  graviter 

^^Titu"^  suspirans  de  lectulo  surrexit,  amplexusque  crucem  quam 
ante  vehementer  horrebat,  incubuit  super  cam  piissimo 
fletu,  ista  dicens ;  "  Qratias  ago  tibi,  sanctorum  piissime, 
"  domine  et  commimis  pater  Dunstane,  qui  me  .de 
"  manibus  dsemonum,  quorum  potestati  traditus  fui, 
"  dignatus  es  eripere."  Et  conversus  ad  monachum  sic 
ait,  "  Gratias  et  tibi  ago,  venerabilis  domine,  qui  tanta 
"  compassione  erga  miseriam  meam  actus  voluisti,  aliis 
"  egredientibus,  hie  remanere,  tuisque  lacrymis  pias  pii 
"  Dunstani  aiu"es  pulsare.  Ecce  divino  jussu  qui  me 
"  vexaverunt    recesserunt,    nee    amplius    mihi    nocere 

Hejived  "  potcrunt."  Ab  illo  ergo  die  liberatus  est  monachus 
ab  omnimoda   daemonum    vexatione,    multisque    annis 


loavos  him. 


Hisreco- 


long  aft(  r. 


AUCTORE  OSBERNO. 


151 


posiea   vixit,    et    sancto    fine  ultiiuuni    diem    clausit.  osbern  ex- 

CU8Q8  his 

Latiua  fortasse  quam   opus   esset  hoc  miraculum  scrip-  prolixity. 
simus,  verum  ideo  hoc  fecimus,  ut  considerata  magnitu- 
dine  mali  magnitudo  agnosceretur  miraculi ;  et  tanto  ma- 
gifl  amor  confessionis  in  cordibus  audientium  dulcesceret, 
quanto  virtutis  istius  sublimitas  efficadus  appareret. 

20.  Post  aliquot  dies  Lanfrancus  corporali  infirmitate  iJiness  of 

.  .    .  Laninuic'. 

gravissime  tactus  omnino  a  medicis  desperabatur.  Cum- 
que  finem  vitae  jamjamque  adesse  putaret,  missa  lega- 
tione  mandat  fratribus  ecclesiaB  Christi  quae  circa  so  He  sum- 
agebantur,  exoptat  semonun  prsesentiam  quatenus,  si  in  brethron  of 
corpore  diutius  vivere  non  liceret,  defuncti,  ut  verbis  church  to 
utar  illius>  cadaver  ad  urbem  secum  transveherent. 
Nam  in  quodam  ecclesiae  patrimonio  procul  ab  urbc 
distante,  quod  Ealdintune  ^  vocatur,  idem  pater  venera- 
bilis  aegrotabat.  Veniunt  itaque  illi  ad  locum,  inveniimt 
omnia  lacrymis  repleta,  plorant  cum  plorantibus,  no- 
lentes  hominem  morte  videre  finiendum,  cui  similem 
post  hsec  *  sciebant  non  esse  inveniendum.  At  ille  sivc 
suas  angustias,  sive  filiorum  suorum  miserias  non 
ferens,  sicut  enim  mater  unicum  filium,  ita  singulos  nos 
unice  diligebat,  convertit  faciem  suam  ad  parietem,  di- 
vinam  quantis  posset  suspiriis  clementiam  deprecaturus. 
Confestim    autem   sursum    raptus,  videbat   quasi    exer-  He  has  a 

.  i.-i  i«/i  vision  of 

citum  virorum  candidatorum,   lucmuas  sicut  sol   facies  a  procession 
habentium,  albos  equos  cum  faleris  aureis  comptos  insi-  in  whit« 
dentium,  et   liberales    jocos   jocunda  quadam  suavitate  :!'^^ 

1.  •     •  1  -I        f  j^  Ml  •.  horses:  ho 

adinvicem   exmbentium.     Quos   ille  prsetereuntes  laeta- |j  tow  that 
bundis  oculis  intuens  sciscitabat  cujusnam  ista  profectio  Stan's. 
esset.     Dictum  autem   est  hanc  domini  Dunstani  esse, 
iUum  vero  non  longe  abesse.     Exspectabat  itaque  Lan- 
francus, explorans  singulorum  transeuntium  vultus,  cii- 


1  £:a/(i(nf«ne]EalditaDe,Mab.Bol]. 

3  These  words  would  seem  to  fix 
the  date  of  the  composition  of  the 
book  before  the  appointment  of  An- 
selm,  whom  the  writer  would  scarcely 


have  reckoned  inferior  to  Lanfraiic 
in  monastic  merit ;  but  the  mention 
of  Canlinal  Albert,  in  page  148, 
may  point  to  a  later  date.  Albert 
was  Cardinal  under  Urban  II. 


152  MIRACULA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

^iistan      piens  ilium  prsB  csBteris  cognoscere  a  quo   prse   cajteris 

remedia  sperabat  salutis-accipere.     Et  ecce  beatissimus 

pater   Dunstanus    venerabilium    seniorum    cuneis   hinc 

inde  stipatus  veniebat,  similem  per  omnia  cseteris  habi- 

tum   gerens^  nisi   quod   ab  humeris   et  sursum  celsior 

eunctis  eminebat.     In  cujus  occursum  Lanfrancus  hu- 

militer  progrediens,  jungensque   se  ad   latus  equitantis 

^jjj^c.^  illius,  amplexatus  est  pedem  simul  cum  ascensorio  cui 

&ir  videbatur  inniti,  a^ue  ad  se  ^  osculandi  gratia  trahere 

withdraws   conatus  est.     At  Dunstanus  quasi  ad   factum   expave- 

scens,  sive   Lan£ranco   honoris   gratiam   exhibens,   con- 

stricto   genu   utraque   manu   pedem   ad    se   videbatur 

retrahere.     In  hac  beata  certaminis  lucta  Lanfrancus  ad 

He  aw^cB   id  quod  fuerat  redit,  et  ita  se  sanum  repent,  ut  nul- 

himaeif  weu.  lum  infirmitatis  vestigitim  in  toto  corpore   remansisset. 

Agit  itaque  gratias  Deo,  Cujus  dono  et  Dunstanum  vi- 

dere  et  cupitam  salutem  illo  potuit  donante  suscipere. 

Vocatis  ergo  iis^  qui  propius  accumbebant  narrat  ex 

ordine    quae    viderat,    simul    se    convaluisse    asseverat. 

lUis  vero  existimantibus  quod  alienata  mente  loqueretur, 

"  Pi'separetur,"    inquit,  "mihi    altare,  videbitis  namque 

"  ilium   sacrifidum   Deo   offerentem   quem  paulo  ante 

"  videbatis   vix  labia  moventem."     Deinde  accitis  qui 

nuper    advenerant    senioribus,    "Hie   dies,"   ait,    "erit 

SSktiw      "  vobis  boni  nimcii  dies ;  dominum  et  patrem  nostrum 

thankl?ufl-  "  I^uustanum  hie  fuisse,  et  me  ab   omni   corporis   mo- 

Btaii.  «  lestia  sanasse  scitote.     Begredimini  ergo  ad  ecdesiam, 

"  portas  ejus  super  vos  obserate;  ad  memoriam   sancti 

"  accedite ;  genua  flectite,  ac  pro  reddita  mihi  sanitate 

"  uberes   gratias   referte.     Nolo  etenim'  per  me  ipsum 

"  modo  venire,  ne  existiment  me  homines  aliquid  esse, 

"  quasi  qui  potuerim  Dei  sanctos  videre."     Faciunt  illi 

imperata,   magnamque   fratribus   de  morte   patris  sus- 

pectis  gaudium  pra3stant. 


*  se]  om.  L.  I       ^  etentm]  enim,  L. 

-'  lis]  his,  Mab.  BoU.  | 


AUCrOBE  OSBEBNO. 


21.  Quidam  capellanus  presbyter   archiepificopi    o^^^^^' 
gravi  febrium  vexationo  per  octonos  menses  cruciatus  j^^^*" 


154 


MIKACULA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


This  man 
WM  always 
found  in  the 
church. 


After  two 
years  his 
chains 
dropped  oiT. 


Lanfranc 
tells  the 
tale  to  a 
great  man 
who  tells 
him  an- 
other. 


A  pirate 
named 
Barabas  had 
been  ar- 
rested and 
escaped. 


When  ho 
aimc  nair 
Canterbury 
and  saw  the 
poldcn 
cherubin  on 
the  church 
steeple. 


maj3  pro  peccatis  suis  fimdere^  mlK.gniunque  popuU 
affectum  ex  sonitu  stridentium  catenarum  circa  se  ex- 
dtare.  Cuiuque  hoc  per  duos  annos  indesinenter  fecis- 
set^  quadam  die^  cum  ante  altare  Dominicse  Crucis 
prostratus  jaceret,  videntibus  cunctis  qui  circumstabant, 
catensB  diruptae  sunt,  boias  in  quatuor  partes  com- 
minutae,  clavi  in  minutas  partes  confracti.*  Ipse  vero 
quid  de  eo  divinitus  agebatur  penitus  ignorabat.  Sur- 
gente  autem  illo  ab  oratione,  ceciderunt  vincula  de  pe- 
dibus  suis;  qum  tollens  in  manibus  suis  per  medium 
fratrum  omnipotentem  Christum  pro  miraculo  laudan- 
tium  perrexit,  eaque  super  altare  Christi  posuit,  offerens 
Deo  pro  munere  quod  sibi  ftierat  pro  onere.  Post 
paucos  dies  dum  rem  istam  Lanfrancus  archiepiscopus 
cuidam  prsepotenti  viro  narrasset,  ille  vicaria  relatione, 
Et  ego,"  inquit,  "  tale  aliquid  vestrae  excellentiae  nar- 
rare  valeo ;  quod  non  minoris  admirationis  apud  to 
"  fore  existimo.  Tertius  namque  dies  est  hodie  ex 
quo  sedecim  naves  piratarum,  validissimo  vento  actae, 
ad  ripam  maris  sunt  jactatae.  Homines  autem  qui 
intus  fuprant  partim  maris  fluctibus  sunt  immersi, 
partim  a  regiis  exactoribus  comprehensi,  cum  prin- 
cipe  suo  nomine  Baraba,  compedibus  astricti  sunt. 
Qui  idcirco  Baraban  se  appellari  voluit,  quoniam 
nimiaB  semper  crudelitatis  fuisset,  multamque  hominum 
"  turbam  manu  sua  occidisset.  Evadens  autem  de  com- 
pedibus viam  quae  ducit  Cantuariam  arripuit,  sciens 
se  neqiie  vita  neque  membris  cariturum  si  ecclesiam 
"  Christi  contingero  posset  asylum.  Sed  cum  jam 
prope  civitatem  fdisset,  mox  ut  pinnam  ecdesiaa  et 
cherubin  aureum  vidit,  quasi  ccelestis  cherubin  vir- 
tute  repulsus,  ultra  progredi  non  potuit.  Nititur 
itaque  totis  virilus  contra  vacuum  aerem,  semper 
eum  quasi  murum  ferreimi  sentiebat.  Haesit  vero 
stupens,   et   iterum   resumptis   viribus    prions    luctae 


it 


« 


u 


« 


t< 


tt 


t< 


« 


« 


« 


tt 


« 


« 


tt 


tt 


tt 


tt 


fundere]  effundore,  Mab. 


I      2  eonfracti'^  confracta;,  L. 


<t 
a 
t< 
(t 
cc 
t( 
<i 
a 


AUCTOBE   OSBEBNO.  155 

"  certamen  assumpsit,  sed  ea  qua  ante  virtute  repulaus,  '^^^J*^ 
"  majore  quam  ante  spatio  resiliit.    Temptabat  si  unde 
"  venerat  regredi   posset,  currere  poterat  quantum  vo- 
lebat ;  si  vero  quo  disponebat  progredi  vellet,  mox  ut 
ecdesiam  videbat  pedem  movere   non  poterat.     Des- 
perans   ergo   de  salute   sua   et   de   miserioordia  Dei, 
'  Manifestum  est/  inquit,   '  cum  damnatis  me  sortem  ho  laments 
'  habere,  cui  ecdesiam  Christi  non  licet  videre.    Quid 
'  ergo  prodest  crudelem  Christum  invocare,  a  Quo  non 
'  sit  misericordiam  impetrare.     Ut  fortuna  volet,  eat ; 
'  ego  deinceps  fugam  non  inibo,  sed  imde  veni  mori- 
'  turns    redibo/     Hsec   dicens   prsecipiti  cursu   rediit,  He  returned 
"  qu83   sibi  contigerant   multis  hominum  miUibus  nar-  Us^^n!^ 
"  ravii    Post  hsec  condignas  factis  poenas  solvit."    His  Lanfhmc 
acceptis  Lanfrancus,  vocato  me,  prsecepit  ista  in  populo^terpro- 
prsedicari,  adjungens  ideo  hunc   ab  ecclesia   terribiliter  story, 
repulsum   quod    ficto    corde    ad   earn   aQcesserit,   ilium 
vero  alium  ea  re  in  ecclesia  mirabiliter  liberatum,  quod 
ad  eandem  quotidie  devoto  animo  tetenderit. 

23.  Sed  et  illud  perpetua  dignum  est  memoria  quod  ^J'^?^ 
in^   Edwardum,   urbis   Lundonise    archidiaconum,   eius  5^cn  arch- 

•'       dcm*on  of 

dementia  mirabili   modo  operata   est.     Qui  cum  esset  l^"?onand 

*^  ^  had  become 

in  sseculo  deliciis  pollens,  conspiciens  omnia  saeculi  q^^^^^ 
bona  esse  angusta,  contulit  se  ad  unum  incommu- 
tabile,  commune,  sufficiens  bonum,  Deum,  suscepta 
sanctae  religionis  veste  in  ecclesia  Cantuariensi  sub 
regimine  prsefati  gloriosi  viri  Lanfranci  archiepiscopi  ; 
ubi  per  aliquot  annos  honeste  conversatus,  magnum 
apud  omnes  cohabitantes  gratiam  obtinuit.  Sed  post 
hsec  maUgnus  spiritus  ejus  conversioni  simul  et  con> 
versationi  invidens,  occultis  quibusdam  et  importunis 
suffffestionibus    animo    illius    tfedium    reliedonis    inere-  wishoa  to 

^^  .  ,  ,        ,  °  ^       go  back  to 

rebat,    cupiens    ilium  ad    banc   mentis    insaniam   per-  the  worw. 
ducere,  ut  ad   sseculum  unde  venerat   repetito  vomitu 
sordium    rediret.       Immittebat     namque    diabolus     in 
cor     ejus     saeculi     voluptates,     amplexus     foeminarum 

*  m]  circa,  Mab. 


156 


MIRACULA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


He  yields  to 
temptation 
and  pre- 
pares to 
leave  the 
monastery. 


He  goes  to 
Dunstan's 
tomb  to  ask 
his  leave. 


At  the  door 
of  the 
churoh  he 
meets  Dun- 
Stan  who 
sends  him 
back. 


After  two 
months* 
illness  he 
confesses, 
and  dies. 


amplcts  domos,  amiconim  societates;  nee  permittebat 
ilium  cogitare  quam  dulcis  est  Dominus  gustantibus 
Eum,  quam  magna  domus  Dei,  et  ingens  locus  habita- 
tionis  Ejus,  quam  beata  societas  angelorum  Deum  in 
saeculum  saeeulorum  laudantium.  Victus  tandem  im- 
portimitate  temptatoris,  exitum  de  ecclesia  moliebatur, 
et  paratis  omnibus  quse  ad  hoc  saciilegium  explendum 
idonea  videbantur,  ingreditur  ecdesiam,  a  Sancto  Dun- 
stano  licentiam  exeundi,  et  ad  sseculum  revertendi, 
petiturus;  sciens  proculdubio  quod  nihil  ei  prospere 
procederet,  si  illo  offenso  discedere  non  timeret.  Et 
surgens  ab  oratione  ut  ostium  ecclesise  egrederetur,  rep- 
perit  in  ostio  Dunstanum  cum  virga  stantem,  non 
talem  tunc  qualem  ilium  viderat  Lanfrancus,  sed  terri- 
bilem  vultu,  oculis  minacem  et  mordadbus  labiis  hsec 
infrementem,  "  Regredere,  miser,  regredere ;  omnipotenti 
"  Domino  te  prosteme ;  conceptumque  diaboli  venenum 
"  de  corde  tuo  evome."  Cumque  ille  pavens  ac  tremens 
hsereret,  Dunstanus  elevata  contra  ilium  ^  virga,  ait, 
"  Non  exibis,  sed  hie  morieris."  Hoc  dicto,  qui  loque- 
batur  disparuit;  et  cui  loquebatur  graviter  segrotavit. 
Mox  itaque  lectido  receptus  duobus  mensibus  in  mag- 
nis  angustiis  vixit,  et  post  hsec  vitam  eonsummavit. 
Sed  cum  ad  hoc  ventum  fuisset  ut  animam  reddere 
deberet,  accersitis  iis'  quos  primos  in  amore  fratemi- 
tatis  habuerat,  universa  per  ordinem  quaB  vel  male  dis- 
posuerat,  vel  bono  suo  viderat,  in  magna  cordis  con- 
tritione  naxrabat.  Hsee  eadem  alius  quidam  frater, 
bonse  indolis  adoleseens,  \iomine  Adrianus,  coram  om- 
nibus confessus  est,  dicens  se  et  conscimn  consilii  et 
consentaneum  operi. 


The  writer       24.  ^  Ante  hos  dics,  ciun  in  insula  Tanatos  essem,  gradie- 

was  in 

Thauet.       bar  juxta  littus  maris  exun  milite,  qui  me  pro  defensione 
sui  invitaverat,  considerans   ea  quae  ibi  sunt   mirabilia 


*  ilium]  cum,  L. 
2  its]  his,  Mab.  BolL 


'  The  following  two  miracles  arc 
omitted  in  MS.  L. 


AUCTOEE  OSBERNO. 


157 


(C 


« 


« 


Dei,  et  materiem  boni  sermonis   exinde  eliciens.     Inde  ho  con- 

T-w         i  •  versed  with 

sermo  ad   patrem  Dunstanum   protractus   est,  quomam  a  certain 
maximum   semper   lucrum   reputo  quoties   loquendi  de  about  bun- 
illo  occasionem  reperio.    Turn  miles  idem  memorato  hoc 
nomine  totus   expalluit,  ac   veluti    dolorem   ex   intimo 
suspirans,    "Vsb,"    ait,    "mihi    ingrato,    qui    tantorum 
beneficiorum  hucusque   immemor   existo."     Tum  ego, 
Et    quid,"    inquam,    "  hi    tam    molesti    anhelitus  ? " 
Nosti,"   ait,  "quantum   mihi   infestus   abbas ^  Sancti 
"  Augustini,    dimi    adviveret    exstiterit,    dum    diripere  The  knight 
"  cuperet  quae  ad   me  hsereditate  venissent  ? "  "  Novi,"  his  sto^. 
inquam.     "Num  et  illud   nosti  quod   non   modo   nihil 
"  ejus   immoderatio    obfiiit,   verum    etiam   ad    majoris 
"  mihi  glorise  cumulum  excrevit  ?"  "  Nee  hoc,"  inquam, 
"  latet,  sed  quorsum  ista  commemores  ignoro."     Scies,*  The  nirfit 
inquit;  "nocte  siquidem  quse  diem  statuti  inter  me  et  cause: 
"  aixnn   placiti    prsecedebat,   memorans   cum   essem   inaSbotofs. 

1  1  T     /•  Augustine's 

domo   mea,  quae   prope  est,  quod   frequenter   patrem  was  to  be 

-^  .  ,       .,  ,,  .  tried,  he  had 

Dunstanum  tuis  ratiombus  extollere  consuevens,  nunc,  prayed  in 

•   •    i_    "I  •      X  •    -x      •!!      1       J   "I  •!•  Dunstan's 

aio,  expenn  habeo  si  ut  accepi,  ita  me  laudabilis  ex-  name. 

"  sistat.  Flexus  ergo  in  oratione, '  Deus,'  inquio  *  '  patris 
*  Dunstani,  fave  hodie  nostrse  parti.'  Inde  corpusculum 
requiei  dedens,  video  in  somnis  urbem  Cantuariam, 
basilicam  Salvatoris,  memoriam  patris;  cui  quasi  in- 

"  cumbens,  aspicio  virum  juxta  stantem,  decorum 
forma,  veste  speciosum,  lampadem  lucis  manu  tenen- 
tem  ;  ad  cujus  imaginem  perterrefactus,  '  Quisnam,  in- 
'  quam/  '  es  tu,  hominum  pulchenime  ? '  '  Idem,'  inquit  Dunstan 


€< 


t( 


<t 


it 


<t 


tt 


fi 


<t 


€f 


it 


tt 


it 


'  ille  cujus  tu  paullo  ante  auxilium  precabare.'    '  Papse,'  promises 
inquam,  '  quam  citus  es  ad  miserandos  miseros !  Nosti 


'  quid  dominus  minatur  ? '  '  NihU,'  ait,  '  ejus  minas 
"  '  pertimescas,  nee  magni  eas  omnino  pendas.' "  Ita 
miles   ille   oravit,   post   hoc  versus   ad   me   ait,  "Jam 


^ScoUand,  abbot  of  S.  Angus- 
tine's,  died  in  1087  ;  and  if  he  is  the 
person  meant,  the  mention  of  him 
as  now  dead  would  fix  the  date  of 
the  work  later  than  that  year.    This 


section,  which  is  not  found  in  the 
Lambeth  MS.,  may  have  been  one 
of  the  latest  additions. 

3  Scies}  Scias,  BolL 

'  inquio^  aio.  Boll.    . 


158 


MIRACULA   SANCTI   DUNSTANI 


The  knight 
won  his 
cause. 


The  writer 
was  once  in 
danger  ftx>m 
his  enemies, 
in  a  lawsuit. 


He  sought 
Dunstan's 
tomb  by 
night,  and 
then  went 
tobed.     . 


His  lision 
of  apaUoo 
beyond  a 
flood. 


"  csetera  tu  nosti,  quemadmodum  ego  et  tu  conveneri- 
"  mus,  contenderimus,  convicerimus."  "Signum/*  in- 
quam,  "grande  in  ilia  die  dedit  sanctus,  propterea 
"  quod  diim  illi  plures  et  elimato  acumine  fiierint,  a 
"  paucis  et  minus  acutis  victi  abierint."^  Turn  ego 
respiciens  ad  eos  qui  praesentes  erant  ostendi  verbis 
quod  nunc  prodo  Utteris. 

25.  Nunc  ad  ea  quae  meam  proprie  attingunt  personam, 
ut  minus  fortasse  sapiens,  transibo,  et  sic  ori  silentium 
ponam,  manibus  quoque  otium  indicam.  Quodam  tem- 
pore quidam  homines  gravi  me  odio  infestabant,  nee 
prius  ab  infestando  quiescere  volebant,  quam  magnis 
injuriis  affectum  gravioribus  minarentur  afficiendum. 
Eorum  vero,  qui  agendas  causae  nostrse  judices  dati 
fiierunt,  ita  animus  sive  gratia,  sive  importunltate  ad- 
versariorum,  a  me  alienatus  est,  ut  neque  oratione 
inflecti,.neque  ulla  possent  ratione  moveri.  Desperans 
ergo  de  subventione  hominum,  solius  Dei  ac  beati 
istius  auxilium  duxi  esse  quaerendum.  Itaque  noctumo 
tempore  soporatis  omnibus,  ejus  memoriam  in  magna 
confidentia  adii,  et  multitudinem  miserationum  illius 
gemebundis  vocibus  ac  lacrymantibus  *  oculi  pulsavi. 
Deinde  mente  fessus,  luctu  anxius  recessi,  secretum 
petii,  dolorem  cordis  requie  corporis,  ut  interdum  fit, 
lenire  desiderans.  Necdum  satis  ad  pausandimi  dispo- 
sueram  corpus,  dum  animo  cuncta  excedens  viderer 
mihi  in  atrio  templi  domum  videre,  cujus  magnitudo 
mirabilis,  pulchritudo  inaestimabilis,  ad  quam  nemo 
nisi  per  quandam  aquarum  colluvionem  poterat  transire. 
Verum  ista  transeuntibus  lex  erat,  ut  quanto  magis  ad 
introitum  domus  appropinquarent,  tanto  minus  easdem 
sentirent  aquas.  Transibam  ego  cum  transeuntibus,  ac 
rarescentibus  aquis  ad  idteriora  alvei  littora  pervenie- 
bam,  moxque  domum  ingrediens  videbam  totam  illam 
majdri  quam   solari   claritate  fulgentem,   coetum    quasi 


abierint']  abierunt,  Boll. 


-  lacnfmantibuB]  lacrymabilibos, 
Mab. 


AUCTORE   OSBERNO.  159 

sanctorum   ineffabili  quadam  suavitaie   IsBtantium   cir-  He  crosses 
cumsedeniem,   et   quandam    decoris    subtilitatem^   qusB  enters  the 
modo  crystaUi  pei-videri  posset,  oculis  intuentium  prse-  SsT^Lt 
tendentem.    Considerabam  diligentius,  volens  deprehen-  proceeding 
dere  undo  etiam  iiomensas   lucis  claritas  coruscaret:  et  bodies  of 

the  saints. 

videbatur  mihi  quod  non  aliunde  quam  de   corporibus 
sanctorum   idem   splendor   exiret.     Interroganti   autem 
mihi  qu8B  hsec   essent,  edoctum   est  hunc   esse  derum 
magni  Dunstani,  ilium  vero  paulo  ante  aiFuisse,  divina  He  leams 
sacramenta   celebrasse,   et    necdum   communionis   anti-  stan  has 

been  there; 

pnona  decantata  recessisse,  atque   ut  mum   exspectaret  jpd  had 
qui  ad  requiem  illius  decumbebat  prsecepisse.     Cogita- *i>om  wait 
bam  itaque   ne  forte   ego  ille   essem.     Cumque   hoc  in 
animo  volverem,  consurgentes.viri  illi  apprehensum  me 
statuerunt  in  medio   sui,  alterutris  vocibus  sese  cohor- 
tantes,   "Eja,  fratres,   Missas   terminemus,   quoniam    isThesamts 
-  "  adest  cujus  gratia  ista  dilatio  facta  est."     Coeperunt  g^ff  inviting 
'    itaque   dulcissimis   ac   modulatissimis  vocibus   psallere,  plac- 
et me  ad  organizandum  quod  psallebant  invitare,  "  Dico 
**  autem  vobis  amiicis  meis,  ne  terreamini  ab  iis  qui  vos 
s.Luke,z]i.  "  perscquuntur."     Ad  quas  voces  experrectus  confestim  He  awakes 

4.  J  1  x«  •  !•  'Ml        X   •  and  runs  to 

ad  sepulcnun  sancti  cucum,  medium  mud  utnsque  the  tomb. 
brachiis  amplexatus  sum,  vociferans  ac  nimia  cordis 
exsultatione  proloquens,  "AjHuisti,  pater  carissime,  af- 
"  fiiisti,  affuisti  in  angustiis  laboranti,  et  gratiam  tui 
"  hiuniliter  postulant!.  Vere  sanctus  Dei  es,  et  quod- 
"  cunque  vis  ab  Illo  impetrare  potes.  Jam  securus 
"  judices  adibo,  nee  minas  cujuspiam  hodie  formidabo." 
Venientibus  ergo  judicibus  quorum  interfuit  causam  ter-  He  wins 

.*•        .  ,-,  1...  .  .  his  cause. 

mmare,  accesserunt  u  qm  me  turbare  mohti  sunt,  accessi 
et  ego;  calumniam  de  adversariis  movi.  Itaque,  Deo 
adjuvante  et  Dunstano^  patrocinante,  omnes  mihi  adver- 
santes  devici,  ut  et  ipsi  propria  sua  ratione  caderent, 
et  ego  non  solum  &ctam  mihi  injuriam  non  effiigerem, 
verum  etiam  in  mea  defensione  simul  et  exaltatione 
plurimum  exultai*em. 

^^^.  —    ■ ^  ■  -      — ^ —  -  ,    ,  _  ^  ^^  .       ^  ^ 

»  With  this  word  MS.  O.  ends. 


160 


MIRACULA   SANCTI   DUNSTANI 


These  are 
but  sped" 
mens  of 
Dunstan'a 
miracles. 


Who  would 
beh'eve  that 
he  hung  his 
robe  on  a 
sunbeam; 
or  delivered 
a  monk 
from  the 
emperor's 
army,  or 
made  a  thief 
restore  his 
spoil,  or 

Eunished  a 
navish 
citizen  ? 


He  leaves 
off  before 
the  readers 
have  had 
too  much. 


26.  ^  Satis  esse  ista  cxistimo,  domini  et  patres  carissimi, 
vel  ad  insinuandos  temporales  sancti  viri  labores,  vel  ad 
ejus  sempitemam  gloriam  catholicae  ecdesise  fidelibus 
commendandum.  Non  quo  plura  non  sint,  et  fortasse 
his  majora,  quae  ad  hsec  narrari  valeant,  sed  quod  ea 
solummodo  voluerim  narrare,  quae  fidem,  sicut  prooemio 
dixi,  non  viderentur  excedere.  Quis  namque  statim  mihi 
credulitatem  accommodaret,  si  dicerem  aut  vestem  ilium 
in  columna  lueis  suspendisse,  aut  extremam  cognati 
parentis  egestatem  ad  summas  divitias  nummi  dimidio 
perduxisse  ?  Cujus  animum  horror  non  percelleret,  si 
audiret  monachum  Jerosolimam  properantem  ab  exercitu 
imperatoris  Constantinopolis  *  cireumventum  ad  solam 
sancti  illius  invocationem  ab  eorum  molestissima  irrup- 
tione  liberatum?  Quern,  inquam,  stupor  non  apprehen- 
deret  considerantem  vel  furem  a  sancto  perterrefactum 
res  a  requie  illius  exportatas  in  atrio  templi  illibatas 
reliquisse,  vel  civem  Cantuarise  contra  oppositam  sancti 
auctoritatem  substantiam  ecdesise  Christi  surripientem, 
post  paucos  dies  poenam  sudB  temeritatis  solvisse  ? 
Videtis  quibus  abstineo,  propterea  quod  SBstimationem 
audientium  supergredi  nolo;  quae  tamen  si  commemo- 
rarem,  incredibilis  esse  non  deberem,  propterea  quod 
nihil  est  difficultatis  ubi  Dominus  Christus  auctor  est 
operis.  Deinde  more  cantorum  in  conviviis  agentium 
fecimus,  qui  dum  pidcherrimum  est  medium  carmen 
reddere  assolent,  quo  et  teedium  audientibus  toUatur, 
rursumque  audiendi  oblectatio  major  excitetur.  Ad 
postremimi  vero  dicendi  prseceptis  vel  in  fine  hujus 
orationis  parere  voluimus,  qui  commotis  animis  audi- 
torum  finem  ponunt  officiis  oratorum.  Nam  lacryma,  ut 
Tullius  ait,  nil  citius  arescit.'  Quod  si  ego,  sicut  oportuit, 
offidum  peregi,  grates  obsecro  omnipotenti  Deo  mecum 


^  Here  MS.  L.  resumes. 
^  CorutantinopoUs  ]  Constantino- 
politani,  Boll.    These  two  stories 


will  be  found  in  the  work  of  Eadmer, 
below. 
'  Gcero,  De  Inventione,  i.  55. 


AUCTOBE  OaBERNO. 


exBoIvite,  Cujus  ut  peragi  posset  actum  est  miseratione.  'Jf^'*^ 
Sin  veto  minus  apposite  dixi,  non  ideo  minus  is  de  quo  dixi  3J?^|J° 
debet  appretiari,  propterea  quod  nihil  eat  indignius  quam  toe  work. 


rv. 

VITA  8ANCTI  DUNSTANI 
ARCHIEPISCOPI  CANTUARIENSI8, 

AUCTORE  EADMERO.  . 


Prologus. 

Incipit  Prologus  in  vitam  Sancti  Ditnstani  archi- 

episcopi  et  confessoris.^ 

The  writer       Quia   Deum   in    Sanctis    Suis   mirabilem   propheticap8.ixviii.s5. 

states  the  ...  . 

*"^**^^.  ^  voce  laudare  lubemur,  Eum  in  iis  quae  in  Sancto  Dun- 

monts  which  v  *  j. 

!S?dSiS^  «^«'  Pri°^  metropoUs  Anglorum  pontifice.  mixabiUter 
the  work,  operaii  dignatus  est,  quorundam  simplicium  in  bono 
£ratrum  non  contemnendae  voluntati  obtemperantes, 
usitato  more  loquendi,  stili  oflBicio  laudare  decrevimus ; 
scriptis,^  quae  alio  quodam  elocutionis  genere  ipsa  gesta 
commemorant,  sapientum  considerationi  reUctis.  Cui 
ut  licet  ijisipiens  adquiescerem^  me  nonnihil  illexerunt 
eadem  scripta^  eo  quod  in  quibusdam  nonnullis  modum 
The  work  of  usitatsB     narratiouifl     excessisse     videntur.       Adductus 

nis  prede- 

Si^mr"    ^ti*"^  ^  l^<^c  sum  quonmdam  calumniis,  qui  fi^quenter 

varSmoe      ^1^^^  suut  ct  conqucii  nou  desistunt,  auctorem   ipso- 

withhirtory.  j-mn  scriptorum  vulgatse  rerum  historiae  non  omnimodis 

concordasse :   quod   non   quidem   in   miraculis   quae  de 

ipso  patre  scripta  sunt  ei   surrepsisse  confitemur.     De 

quibus,  verbi  gratia,  est  quod  scribit  episcopatum  Wi- 


1  The  text  is  from  the  MS.  C.C.C. 
371  (P.)  ;  the  more  important  ra- 
riations  of  the  text,  as  printed  by 
Snriiis,  are  marked  S. 


'  A  reference  to  the  work  of  Os- 
hem.  Sarins  prints,  of  the  Pro- 
logne,  only  firom  Qyiia  to  relietis. 


164 


VITA   SANCTI   DUNSTANI 


ofSelMy. 


onoepre-     officium  in  ecclesia  Cantuariensi  strenuissime  per  mul- 

Canterbury,  tum    temporis    admimstrabat,    quique    postmodum    ob 

imrdsan     religiosam  prudentiam  et  prudentem  religiositatem  suam 

Worcester.   Wigomensi  ecdesise  sub  beatea  memorue  Wulstaao  epi- 

scopo   praelatus   erat,   et   multis   qui   adhuc  supersimt 

notissimus   fuerat^    ne  nudis    solummodo   verbis  agere 

Sii^uch  j^^cer,  omissis  aliis  proponere  cordi  fuit     Hie  .^el-  \ 

ricbiSiOT^'  rico  Cicestrensi  episcopo,  homini  magnarum  rerum  pe- 

ritia  praedito,  antehac  diu  adhaeserat,  et  ab   eo   multa 

de  beato  Dimstaao,  cui  pene  contemporaneus  fiiit,  didi- 

eerat,  quae  ille  ab  eis  qui  interesse  meruerunt  se.acce- 

pisse    fatebatur.      Sunt    super    haec    scripta    veterum 

simpliciori  stilo  digesta/  et  chronicorum  abbreviatae  nota- 

tiones   iis   quae   scribimus  attestantes.'    De   iis  autem, 

quae  post  sacratissimum  transitum  ejus  per  eum  facta 

significamus,  quaedam   ex   litterarum  monimentis^  quae- 

dam  ex  propriorum   sensuum  approbationibus^  quaedam 

ex  veridicorum  virorum   allegationibus,  qui   ea  partim 

visu,   partim   auditu,   partim    experimento,    in    seipsis 

^BouTOM  ^^dicerunt,  omni  remota  scrupulositate  cognovimus.     Si 

of  mforma-  ,      .    ,      '  ,         *^,  ^ 

tiMmbvdes.  ^^  igitur  haec  legere  dignabitur  vel  audire,  ita  quaeso 
legat  vel  audiat,  ut  consdentiae  meae  simplicitati  non 
deroget.  Nam  ea  non  detrahere  studiosis,  sed  parvitati 
meae  meorumque  similium  condescendere  scientibus 
atque  paratis,  pro  captu  meo  descripta  esse  pronuncio. 
Non  itaque  se  illis  quae  scribimus  inaniter  occupet,  cui 
quod  petimus  in  mente  non  sedet 

ExPLicrr  Prologus. 


There  are 
alaomore 
ancient 
Uvea. 


year.  Ethelric,  bishop  of  Selsey, 
was  consecrated  m  1058,  and  was 
alive  as  late  as  1076. 


'  A  reference  to  fhe  life  by  B. 
'  The  work  of  Adelard  is  gene- 
rally mentioned  as  ahbreviata. 


166  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

SifromS*!  i^  sanctitate  vitae  in  conspectu  Dei  ex  signo  quod 
child.  acciderat,  enitere  intelligebant.  De  prole  etiam  quae 
expectabatur,  spe  magni  boni  tenebantur,  et  Deum^  ut 
in  gaudium  atque  ketitiam  parentibus  suis  et  omnibus 
benevolentil^us  earn  nasci^  crescere,  dilatarique  concede- 
ret,  precabantur. 

bftpSsm  of       ^'  Dehinc,   instante    partus    tempore,    puer   eleganti  b.  p.  7. 
Dunstan.     forma  nascituT,  ^  post  dies  paucos  sacro  fonte  regenera-  ^^^?™' 
tus,  Dunstanus,  montanus  videlicet  lapis,  nuncupatus  est. 
Is  ubi   teneros   infantisB   annos  exivit  a  parentibus  ad 
praefatum    sacratissimae   Virginia   templum    ducitur,   ac 
pro  vita  ejus   atque   provectu   Deo   preces   et  munera 
SSuihtto    offeruntur.     Ob  quae   devotionis  obsequia  ipsis   in  loco 
^^^^^'"'^  pemoctantibus   apparuit  vir  quidam  angelico  speciosus 
p^Safiive  aniictu,  qui  puerum  coram  eis  per  manum  accipiens,  et 
fiiturebiSd-  ®^^ii^   J^c   ii^de    modesto    discursu  per  atrium   ducens, 
^ted^    dixit  illis :  "  Sic  aedificabitur  locus  iste  ad  conversatio- 
^™'  "  nem  iUorum  qui  sive  a  pueritia  in  servitio  Dei  nutri- 

"  endi,  sive  a  pravitate  veteris  vit»  in  novitatem  gratise 
"  Christi,  per  hunc  puerum  sunt  convertendi."     Haec  illi 
videntes  et  audientes  valde  gavisi  sunt,  et  misericordi 
Deo  uberes  gratias   super  admirabili  gratia  Ejus  retu- 
lerunt.     Deinde  puero  diligenti   studio  in  ipsa  ecdesia 
sub   cura   magistri  conmiendato,  tum  ut  litteras  disce- 
ret,  tum  ut  Dei  servitio  sedulus  inhaereret,  ipsi  in  sua 
imd?uddKi  ^^^^^^  Bxmt,     Duustanus  igitur  litteris  traditus,  et  eisB.  p.  a. 
recovery,     ultra  quam  aetas  sua  ferre  poterat,  die  ac  nocte  inten-  p^  54^    ' 
tus,    languore   gravi   corripitur   et,  gemebunda  in  dies  Osbem, 
vexatione  tortus,  usque  ad  exbalationem  idtimi  flatus  ^' 
perducitur.^     Sed  cum  jam  velut  morti  contiguus  jace- 
ret  et  confluens  coetus  vicinorum  mortem  potius  quam 
idlum   sanitatis   ejus   remedium   expectaret  ;  en,   circa 
mediaB   noctis    silentia    per   gratiam   Dei   visitatur,   et 
integrae    sanitati    contra   omnium    opinionem    donatur. 
Ilico  stupentibus  cunctis  lecto  desUit,  domum  exit,   ad 

'  perducitur']  producitur,  S. 


AUCTOKE   EADHERO. 


B.  p.  8.  ecclesiam' pro  reddita  sibi  sanitate  Deo  gratia^  acturus  O"  hu  wv 
ra^*  impiger  tendit.  Cujus  devotioni  diabolus  invidens, §^i,% 
Ofben,      eumque  a  proposito   deflectere   nitens,  simulato  teterri-  ^TJ^J^ 


168 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


Donttui 
grows  in 
favour  with 
aU. 


Betakes 

minoK 

orders. 


His  pru- 
dence and 
piety. 


His  studious 
character. 


HisdoTO- 
tion. 


ilium  omnes  honorare,  illi  suum  obsequium  exhibere 
satagerent,  et  a&bilitatem  ab  eo  sibi  e^ibitam  magni 
sestimarent,  ille  e  contra  nihil  in  se  dignum  honore, 
nihil  alicujus  dignum  obsequio  judicabat,  immo  quic- 
quid  affabilitatis  seu  commodi  sibi^  quivis  exhibebat 
gratise  exhibentis  non  suis  mentis  ascribebat.  Promp- 
tus  itaque  erat  ad  ministrandum  omnibus,  et  ipse  ad 
Buscipiendum  aliorum  ministerium  tardus.  Inter  hsBC 
rogatur  a  suis  quatenus  in  sortem'  Domini  transeat, 
et  in  quibus  Christo  deserviat'  sacros  ordines  susci- 
piat.  Annuit  ipse  petentibus,  atque  ut  liberius  orato- 
rium  firequentare,  luminaria  accendere,  manibus  sacer- 
dotum  ac  Levitarum  aquam  fundere,  vinum  et  aquam 
in  Eucharistiam  Corporis  Christi  sumministrare,  legere  b.  p.  lo. 
atque  eantare  in  officio  diei  ac  noctis  posset,  minores  p  "Jj"^' 
gradus  suscepit.  Yideres  igitur  ilium  omnia  mundi 
oblectamenta  calcare,  ludicra  juvenum  fugere,  majorum 
coUoqidis  delectari,  in  fovendis  pauperibus  assiduum 
esse,  et  ad  quseque  pietatis  opera  sollicitius  invigilare. 
Si  autem  aliquando,  ut  fit,  a  coaetaneis  suis  ad  mundi 
vanitates  invitabatur,  obtendebat  potius  necessario  sibi 
oportere  illis  et  illis  ecclesiasticis  ministeriis  curain 
adhibere,  et  ea  quae  in  Dei  servitio  legenda  erant  vel 
canenda  preevidere.  Sic  servus  Dei  se  et  a  mundi 
contagiis  purum  custodiebat,  et  proposita  rationabili 
occasione  nulli  scandalum,  nulli  in  qua  Deum  quis 
offenderet  aliquam  causam  suggerebat.  Summum  itaquo 
studium  in  oratione,  in  sacra  meditatione,  in  divino- 
rum  librorum  lectione  habebat ;  in  his  semper  Deo  ad- 
hserere,  Deum  in  mente  habere,  quid  voluntati  Dei 
potissimum  placeret  ediscere  gestiens.  Unde  factum 
est  ut  et  quse  Dei  sunt  investigaret,  et  Ejus  jugi  con- 
sideratione  fretus  cuncta  peccati  inquinamenta  devita- 
ret.  Proximus  eigo  ac  familiaris  Deo  effectus  omnibus 
in  Ipso  pie  viventibus  cams  factus  est  et  acceptus. 


1  s»6t]  om.  S. 

'  aortem]  sororem,  8. 


*  deieroitU]  serriat,  S. 


AUCTOBE  EADMEBO. 


169 


Addard, 
p.  65. 
OsberDy 
p.  79. 


IOOIM.12. 


Adelaide 
p.  56. 
OsbeiDy 
p.  79. 


4.  Audita  inter  hsec  fama  venerabiUs  Athelmi  Can- 
tuariensis  archiepiscopi,  fratris  scilicet  patris  sui,  eum 
adire  atque  cum  eo  habitare  disposuit.  Videns  enim 
lascivias  sseculi  et  iter  adolescentis  viam  vitae  retinere 
volentis  valde  lubricum  et  laqueis  undique  plenum, 
illudque  apostoli  meditans,  ''Qui  stat  videat  ne  cadat/' 
timebat  ne,  si  loco  quem  lasciviis  et  voluptuosis  delidis 
effluere'  in  circuitu  suo,  et  hoc  inter  notos  suos,  videbat, 
non  cederet,  a  statu  rectitudinis  aliquo  eventu  deceptus 
miserando  casu  decideret.  Has  ergo  intentione  ductus, 
accepta  a  parentibus  suis  licentia,  prsefatum  antistitem 
adiit,  et,  quo  vitse  suse  qualitas  ad  modum  conversa- 
tionis  ejus  jugiter  informaretur,  sedulus  ei  adheesit. 
Verum  cum  elapso  aliquanto  tempore  pontifex  in  mo- 
ribus  adolescentis  omnia  quse  verse  religioni  congrue- 
rent  perciperet,  et  ex  dono  gratise  Dei  qua  Aierat  as- 
piratus,  Deum  multa  Suse  majestatis  opera  per  eum 
in  futuro  facturum  prsevideret,  ipsum  ad  palatium^ 
regis  ^thelstani  secum  duxit,  et  ei  magno  adSTectu  fo- 
vendum  necne'  a  cunctis  adversis  suo  nutu  protegen- 
dum  pio  studio"  commendavit.  Quod*  ipse  benigna 
mente  suscipiens,  juvenem  dulciter  amplexus  est  et 
multo  Binceri  affectus  amore  percoluit.  Dunstanus 
itaque,  licet  in  palatio  regis  terreni  conversaretur  ac 
pro  sua  industria  et  ad  omnes  affabilitate  ab  omnibus 
honoraretur,  amplecteretur,^  nimquam  tamen  religionem 
quam  a  puero  conceperat  quemlibet  defectum  in  suis 
actibus  pati  sinebat;  sed  quo  labilius  inter  vitiorum 
fomenta  gradiebatur,  eo  firmius  ne  ab  ipsis  aliquo 
modo  dejiceretur  prsecavebat.  Sdens  quoque  otiosita- 
tem  inimicam  animse  esse,  nunc  istis  nunc  illis  operi- 
bus  intendebat,  et  diversitate  eorum  subrepens  fasti- 
dium  sibi  tollebat.  Peritia  namque  scribendi,  pingendi 
quicquid  vellet,  in  cera,  ligno  vel  osse  sculpendi,  et  ex 


Hegoeato 

Aronbisbop 

Athelm, 


and  attaches 
himaelf  to 
him. 


The  aroh- 
biahop  pre- 
aentfl  him  to 
king  Athel- 
stan. 


Hiscureful 

behayionrat 

court. 


His  indus- 
try in  leam- 
iog  diverse 
arts. 


>  ^uere]  afflaere,  S. 

>  pnhtiwm^  solatinm,  S. 
*  neeme]  necDon,  8. 


*  Quod]  Quem,  8. 
^abamnilnts  .  .  .  ampieeterehtr'] 
charnfl  haberetar,  8. 


170 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


His  skill 
in  music. 


His  willing- 
ness to 
oblige. 


He  is  asked 
to  draw  a 
doHi^n  for 
a  vestment. 


His  harp 
plays  an  an- 
them with- 
out touch 
of  human 
hand. 


Ho  under- 
stands this 
to  bea 
warning  of 
coming 
trials. 


auro,  argento,  ferro  vel  sere  fabricaado,  ita  daruit  ut  B.  p.  20. 
a  multis  quam  maximsB  admiratioiii  haberetur.  Super 
hsec  iHstrumentis  musici  generis,  quorum  scientia  non 
mediocriter  fidtus  erat,  non  tantum  se  sed  et  multo- 
rum  animos  a  turbulentis  mundi  negotiis  saepe  demul- 
cere,  et  in  medicationem  coelestis  harmonia)  tarn  per 
suavitatem  verborum,  quae  modo  matema  modo  alia 
lingua  musicis  modulis  interserebat>  quam  et  per  con- 
cordem  concentum  quem  per  eos  exprimebat^  concitarc 
solebat.  Propter  hsBC  igitur  a  multis  frequentabatur  et 
ab  eo  multa  fieri  petebantur.  lUe  autem  quoniam  erat 
ad  oinnes  caritate  diffusus,  nulli  negabat  quod  veUet 
ab  alio  sibi  concedi. 

.  5.  Haec  inter  opera  ejus  ^  rogatur  a  quadam  matrona,  B.  p.  21. 
religiosa  quidem  et  studium  habente  placendi  Deo,J|'^"' 
domum  suam  venire  et  orarium  sibi  quod  ad  omatimi 
et  ministerium  ecclesise  Dei^  inaurare  volebat,  artifi- 
ciosa^  quam  in  auri  opere  imitaretur,  arte  prsepingere. 
Jam  Dunstanus  in  manibus  opus  habebat,  et  cithara 
ejus  quam  ad  domum  veniens  secum  forte  detulerat, 
parieti  affixa  juxta  pendebat.  Coepit  ergo  ipsa  cithara 
nullius  hominis  tactu  impulsa  '  per  se  antiphonam  istam 
distinctis  vocibus  resonare,  "  Qaudent  in  coelis.  animas 
"  sanctorum  qui  Christi  vestigia  sunt  secuti,  et  quia 
''  pro  Ejus  amore  sanguinem  suum  fuderunt,  ideo  cum 
"  Christo  gaudebimt  in  sBtemum."  Ad  hsec  admiratio 
non  parva  comprehendit  omnes  qui  in  domo  consiste- 
bant.  Singuli  ergo,  defiexis  oculis  ab  opere  juvenis  quo 
prius  intenderant,  vultus  et  aures  ad  citharam  erige- 
bant:  et  alii  quidem  simplicem  sonum^  chordarum 
aure  captabant,  Dunstanus  vero  quid  sonus  depromeret, 
quidve  moneret,  solus  intelligebat.  Intelligebat  enim 
in  eo  quod  dtharizabatur,  quia  si  cum  Christo  vellet 
in  setemum  gaudere,  non  formidaret,  si  necessitas  urge- 


*  ejus']  Bua,  S. 
-  Dei]  cm.  S. 


^  taciu  impulaa'i  attactu  polsata,  S. 
•*  sonum'}  vocem,  S. 


AUCrOBE   EADMERO. 


ret,  pro  Eo  sangumem  fuudere,  nee  anima  ejua  gaudium 
in  cceUs  adipisceretur,  si  Christi  vestigia  non  seque- 


172 


VITA  SANCrri  DUNSTANI 


He  is 

ranuedby 

doga. 


He  comes 
to  bishop 
ElfiDge,  vho 
luveshim 
to  become 
a  monk. 


Dunstsn's 
reluctanoe. 


HisseTere 
illness. 


Suis  in  postemm  reservavit,  qusedam  ingens  molossomm  B.  pp.  12, 
multitudo  obstitit,  quae   ex   iiisperato   in    eoe   horridis  osbem, 
latratibus   imiens,   adolescentem   defendit.      Quod   ille  P*  ®i' 
percipiens,  pravorum  hominum  miseratus  errorem,  <;anes 
eis   factos   humaniores   gemens,   erubuit.     Venuntamen 
Deo  super  ineffabili  gratia  Ejus  ^  ex  intimo  corde  gra- 
tias  agens,   sensu  ipse  percepit  in  se  cantum  citharae 
nonnihil  sibi  significasse.     Interea  vicini,  praedicto  mo- 
lossorum    latratu    audito,   perterriti    accurrerunt    quid 
acciderit  discere  gestientes.     Et  agnoscentes   quod  fac- 
tum est,  illos  nequam  homines  jam  fiiga  dilapsos  detes- 
tati  sunt,  et  Dunstanum  de  coeno   educentes  fovendum 
ad  sua  perducunt.     Profectus  dehinc  venit  ad.  memo-  B.  p.  is, 
ratum    episcopum   et   aliquanto   tempore   deguit  apudp,  32.  ' 
ipsum.     Erat  autem  episcopus  idem  magnae  in  Christo 
religionis,    et    apud    omnes    id    locorum    conversantes 
magni  nominis.     Egit  igitur  industria  qua  vigebat  ut 
Dunstanus   monachus   fieret.     Froposuit    ei   inter  alia 
monachi  vitam  esse  viam  perfectionis  de  qua  Dominus 
illi  qui  se  omnia  legis  mandata  dixit  servasse,  "Unum" 
ait  "  tibi  deest ;  si  vis  perfectus  esse,  vade,  vende  omnia 
"  quae  babes  et  da  pauperibus,   et  veni    sequere   me."  fi.^'^*''  "** 
Et  adjecit,  "  Ita,  fili,  si  vis  ut  ea  quae  in  te  jam  magni 
"  boni  spem   praestant,   perfectionis   culmen   attingant, 
"  necesse  babes  omnia  quae  in  saeculo  possides  relinquere 
"  et  Chrifiti  vestigia  nudus  sequi."    Ad  haec  licet*  ille 
quaedam   quae  sibi    rationis    videbantur,   objiceret,  nee 
subito  assensu  iis  quae   dicebantur  animum  summittere 
vellet,  tamen  non  parum  in   ipso  verba  pontificis  ope- 
rata  sunt.     De  nuptiis  quippe,  quas  se  facturum  certo 
sibi  ipsi  ante  promiserat,  jam  utrum  eas  faceret  annon 
dubius  fluctuabat.     In  qua  dubietate  constitutum,  nutu  B.  p.  u. 
Dei,  valida  febris  invasit,  et  in   tantum   corpus   ejus  „  *88™' 
attenuavit,   ut   nihil   minus   quam   de   ducenda  uxore 
cogitaret.     Cum  autem '  jam   aliquantum   sopito  Ian- 


1  Ejita]  om.  S. 
3  Ucei]  earn,  S. 


*  autem]  om.  S. 


AUCTORE   EADHERO.  173 

B.  p.  14.     guore  et  verba  pontificis  et  duritiam  sui  cordis   in  se  His  shame. 

p.*88.  '  reversiis  ad  mentem  reduceret,  suspirans  graviter  eni- 
buit  quod  potentior  in  eo  fiiit  tertiarise  febris  ignicu- 
lus  ad  exstinguendam  camis  suae  concupiscentiam  quam 
ille  ignis,  quern  ut  in  cordibus  fidelium  vehementer 
arderet  Dominus  venit  mittere  in  terram.    Versa  igitur 

s.Liike,xii.  vice  ardorem  ignis  divini  in  se  succendens,   camalibus 
illecebris  funditus  renundavit,  seque  perpetuo  virginem 
perseveraturum  divinitatis  confisus  auxilio  vovit.     Mit-  P«g5^* 
tens  itaque  episcopum  fedt  ad  se  venire,  et  apud  eum  ud  ib  made 
poenitentiam  egit  quod  sibi  ^  viam  perfectionis  suadenti  ordained 
non    statim    obtemperaverit,   quod   habitum    religionis ""  ** 
monasticse    ad    verbum    ejus   non    susceperit.     Quibus 
antistes  auditis,  gaudio  gavisus  est  magno,  et  de  con- 
versione  juvenis    immensas    grates    persolvit    largitori 
omnis  bonitatis^  Deo.     Dunstanus  eigo  monachus  sine 
dilatione   feu^tus   est,   et   deinde   legitimo   tempore  per 
canonicas  sacrorum  ordinum  successiones  etiam  ad  sa- 
cerdotii  gradum  ab  eodem  episcopoprovectus. 

Osbera,  7.  Post  aliquantos  novse  conversionis  suae  dies  Glasto-  He  goes  to 

pp.  83, 84.  jjiiyjj  Dunstjuius  perrexit,  et  ibi  juxta  ecclesiam  sanctaB  and  buuda 
Dei  genitricis  et  virginis  Marias,  in  qua  lumen,  utsmaUoeii. 
supra  meminimus,  coelitus  emicuit,  sibi  domunculam 
adeo  parvulam  fecit  ut  mirum  habeant  qui  eam  nove- 
runt,  qualiter  ibi  vivus  homo  degere  potuerit.  Ipsemet 
enim  eam  mensus  sum,  et  nihil  ultra  quatuor  pedes  in 
longitudine  nee  plus  quam  duos  ac  semis  habet  in  la- 
titudine.  Altitudo  autem  staturam  hominis  condpit. 
In  medio  ostii  fenestra  est.  Illic  ergo  conversari,  orare, 
psallere,  nonnulla  quae  lod  angustia  patiebatur  mani- 
bus  operari,  et  imi  Deo  placendi,'  per  omnia  et  in  om- 
nibus, operam  dare.^  Quibus  exercitiis  ejus  antiquus 
humani  generis  adversarius  invidens,  sicut  eum  a  curia 
regis  nuper  expulit,  ita  qualiter  a  loco  isto  expelleret, 


1  tt^-]  iUi,  8.  I      >  piaeendi]  at  plaoent,  8. 

'  bcmtatu']  boni,  S.  |      *  dart]  ynaoM  est,  int.  S. 


174 


VITA  SANCTI   DUNSTANI 


▼^tehSi    Da^^giJ^©^  Bollicitiis  ftiit.     Qiiadam  igitur  vice,  cum  virOsbem, 
h?m.*^^*^  ipse  jam  die  advesperascente   fabrili  intenderet   operi,  ^'  ^' 
astitit  fenestrae  ipsius  daemon  imus,  humana  effigie  tec- 
tus,  rogans  sibi  nescio  quid  operis  ab  homine  fieri.    At 
ille  pietatis  affectu  ex   more   permotus,  intermissis  iis 
quse  faciebat,  parabat  se  satisfacere^  postulanti.     Inte- 
rim is  qui  venerat  formam  ac  verba  mutare,  ut  nunc 
senis,  nunc  pueri,    nunc  lasdvaa   puelte,   sestimares   te 
vultufl  cum  voce  videre.    Quod  Dunstanus  audiens  quis  Osbern, 
esset  protenuB  agnovit,'  et   sedens  motus   ejus   patien-  ^' 
ter   se   ferre  dissimulavit.^    Sumptis   interea  tenaculis, 
quibus  calida  ferra  tenere  solebat,  fortiter   ea   ignivit, 
et    candentia  de    fomace   subito   proferens,   monstrum 
Hewiaea     per  nasum    arripuit,    et    strictissime    tenuit.     Videres 

the  devil       t  ,,  .  .  t^.  ... 

bythenoee.  itaque  pulchrum  certamen  mter  amicum  Dei  et  inimi- 
cum.  Ille  ardorem  sentiens,  ac  detectis  insidiis,  super- 
biam  suam  dejectam  non   ferens,  totis   nisibus  conaba- 

tur    evadere.       Iste    ilium   retinens    et  intro   viriliter 

« 

trahens,  Isetabatur  quod  in  Nomine  Christi  poterat  de 
inimico  Ejus  triumphare.  Tandem  cum  dedecore  a 
viro  abjectus  fugit  et  per  plateam  currens,  querula 
voce  clamitabat,  dicens,  "  Vsb  quid  ille  calvus  diabolus  * 
Cries  of  the  "  fecit !   Vse    quid   ille   calvus  diabolus   fecit!    En   me 

enemy.  ^ 

"  miserum,  misericordise  opus  ab  eo  petentem,  misere 
''  afflixit,  et  nil  mali  de  eo  merentem,  igne  ®  malignitatis 
"  suse  longo  cruciatu  combussit."  Has  voces  multi 
audientes,  et  eas  mane  viro  referentes,  sciseitati  simt 
Dunstanis  quidnam  hoc  esse  potuerit.  Quibus  Ule,  "  Dsemonum," 
exp  on.  ^^^  „  insidise  sunt,  qui  suis  fallaciis  nos  volunt  inquie- 
"  tare  si  possimt.  Sed  si  in  servitio  Christi  stabiles 
"  Aierimus,  leviter  eos  in  Ejus  adjutorio  devincemus, 
"  et  confusi  fugient  a  nobis."  Haec  dixit  et  securus 
postmodum  in  sua  domuncula  habitavit.     Nee  enim  in 


S. 


^  maligne]  malignus,  S. 

3  aatis/acere]  ad  BatiBfaciendam, 

I 

'  cignovit']  cognovit,  S. 


S. 


*  dissimulavit']  simulayit,  S. 

'  dta6o/tt«]  om.  S. 

"  merentem  igne]  narrantem  ille, 


▲UCTORE  EABMEBO. 


175 


OsberOy 
p.  85. 


ipso  loco  unquam  amplius  euin  inimicus  a^^^redi  ausus  Hjs  fame 

*■       ,  ^  \  ^5o  andpopu- 

est,  in  quo  talem  belli  apparatum  in  primo  congressu  ivi^^y- 
sortitus  est.  Ex  eo  igitur  tempore  cum  munditia  cor- 
dis tanta  claruit  in  Dunstano  pudicitia  corporis,  ut 
omnes  qui  vitam  illius  noverunt  similem  angelo  judi- 
carent.  Unde  quamplures  utriusque  sexus  homines, 
tam  divites  quam  non  omni  ex  parte  locupletes,  ad 
eum  properare,  eum  de  salute  consulere,  ab  eo  via  vitee 
festinabant  informari.  Ipse  autem,  singulis  prout  quis- 
que  opus  habebat  sua  verba  dispertiens,  quemque  ad 
voluntatem  Dei  instituebat. 


B.  p.  17. 
Osbern, 
p.  85. 


Osbern, 
p.  86. 


8.  Dum  hsBC   fiunt,    venit   ad   eum   mulier  qusedam  The  lady 
iSlfgi va  nomine,  quse   ab   ineunte  aetate  grata  fuit  et  ooi^  to 
accepta  regibus   Angliaa,   cum   quia   boms   monbus  et  to  be  near 
castis  actibus  prsedita,  tum  quia  filios  eorum  educando 
et  nutriendo  gnara  erat   atque  sollicita:      Hsec  igitur, 
audito   Dunstano,   habitationem    sibi   prope    oratorium 
sanctae  MariaB  instituit,  ubi  ad  eam  Dunstanus  venire, 
earn  de  provectu  bonorum  operum,  de  spe  retributionis 
futurse,  de  gaudio   regni  coelestis   imbuere   posset.     Et 
factum    est,    quicquid    ei    Dunstanus   dixit,    ita    opere 
implere  sollicita  fuit  ac  si  ab  ore  Dei  corporeis  auribus 
id  acciperet.     Quapropter  diebus  ac  noctibus  ecclesiam 
frequentare,  orationibus  insistere,  egenis  de  facultatibus 
suis,  quibus  affluebat,  largiter  ministrare,  et  prorsus  iis 
quae  Deo  placere  posse  sperabat  sedula  studebat  operam 
.dare.     Circa  venerationem  vero  beatse  matris  Dei  quam  shemain- 
'.devota   extiterit,  ex   eo  aliquantum    adverti   posse  pu-  j'cierks 
tamus   quod   ipsa    nonnullos    clericos   in   templo   ejus 
fecit,  quibus,   ut   die  noctuque  servitio  illius  libere  in- 
vigilarent,    omnia   quorum   opus   habebant   abundanter 
sumministrabat.      Ipsa   quoque   pia  domina   pro  fideU 
famula  sua   multa  faciebat,  quando   ab  ea   quid  medi- 
ante  rationed  postulabat.    Verbi  gratia ;  rex  ^thelstanus. 


1  quid  .  .  raUone]  qoippiam  rationi  oonflentanenm,  S. 


176 


VITA   SANCTI   DUNSTANI 


She  invites 
Athelfltati  to 
visit  her. 


She  finds  a 
deficiency  of 
mead,  and 
pnys  to  the' 
Yiiginto 
supply  it. 


Miracle  of 
the  mead. 


Illness  of 


cum  quadam  vice  Qlastoniam  venisset,  divertit  propter  b,  p.  is. 
loci  religionem  ad  prsefatam  ecclesiaip  Sanctee  Marise.  ^  ®J^™' 
Quod  ilia  scieius  rogat  eum  quatenus  dignetur  in  domum 
suam  divertere  et  aliquantum  quieti  indulgere,  ac 
modicum  cibi  potusque  in  vera  caritate  suscipere.  Con- 
cedit  rex,  licet  invitus,  nolens  scilicet  earn  quam  et 
sibi  ex  antique  fiuniliarem  habebat  et  nimc  devotam 
Deo  noverat,  contradicendo  in  aliquo  offendere.  Lseta 
igitur  non  pwrum  effecta,  se  ad  regium  ministerium 
totam  impendit,  et  prsevidens  ea  quae  tali  negotio  con- 
venire  sciebat,  nihil  eorum  quae  volebat  minus  esse 
advertit,  illo  dumtaxat  potu  excepto,  qui  medo  vocatur, 
quo  Angli  quam  maxime  uti  solebant.  Verens  ergo 
ne  hujus  inopia  aliorum  copiam  obnubilaret,  oratorium 
pise  Marise,  ipsius  suffragium  de  re  postulatura  ingre- 
ditur.  Et  prostrata  solo  orat  eam  quatenus  sua  prece 
a  Deo  obtineat,  ut  memorato  liquori  unde  parum 
habebat  divinae  Suae  benedictionis  augmentum  infundat. 
Mira  res !  rex  magna  suorum  multitudine  septus  ad 
prandium  sedet,  et  prandentibus  de  praefato  potu  copiose  Osbeni, 
hinc  inde  defertur,  semperque  vasculum  unde  haurieba-  ^'  ^^' 
tur  solito  plenum  invenitur.  Factumque  est  ut,  rege  a 
loco  discedente,  in  vasculo  minime  appareret  quod  inde 
quicquam  sumptum  fuisset.  Haec  idcirco  hie  inserui- 
mus,  ut  quantum  verba  viri  Dei  in  cordibus  audien- 
tium  ad  voluntatem  Dei  conciliandam  ^  profecerint 
hujus  exemplo  inteUigamus.  Igitur  cum  ipsius  Suae 
famulae  merita  Deus  vellet  aetema  quiete  remimerari, 
patemo  eam  verbere  percussit,  volens  scilicet  illam,  hoc 
ordine  ab  omnis  peccati  macula  castigatam,  numero 
filiarum  coelestis  Jerusalem  celerius  aggregare.  Quam  B.  p.  is. 
ubi  Dunstanus  infirmari  *  cognovit,  venit  ad  eam  ac  de  ?*^' 
salute  animaB  ejus,  de  gloria  vitae  aetemae,  de  poenis 
gehennae  et  horum   infinito  fine  ipsi  locutus,  ill^un  ad 


'  tfi  eorHlniM  .  .  .  ameiHandatn} 
ooniiliaqae,  S.  \ 


^  n^bmari]  ogrotare,  8. 


AUCTORE   EADMERO.  177 

B.  p.  18.     sectanda  vestigia   Christi,  renimciato  ^   sseculo  et  rebus  she  entrusts 
?87™'      ssBculi,  exhortatus  est.     Ad  quae  ilia,  "  Cuncta  quse  mei  ^rty  to 
"  juris  sunt  Christo  relinquo,  atque  ut  ea  distribuas  se- 
"  cundum  quod  Illi  melius  placere  cognoveris  super  te 
"  pono  !*  Nee  enim  aliquem  in  hac  vita  seque  carum  habeo, 
"  nee  alicui  siciit  tibi  per  omnia  credo."     His  ille  auditis, 
omnia  fere  quad  in  mobilibus   ipsa  habebat  pauperibus 
sine  mora  distribuere  coepit,  aliis  interim  ad  ecclesiarum 
eonsolationem  pro  temporum  qualitate  servatis.   Jam  dies 
in  vesperam  declinabat,  et  Dimstanus  ne  a  nocte  extra 
cellulam  deprehenderetur,  illuc  properabat.     Ibat  itaque 
B.  p.  19.     vespertinum  officium  psaUens,  et  cum  ante  fores  ecclesise 
p  gg™'      perveniret,  nee  eam,   quia  dausa   erat,   intrare  vaJeret, 
substitit,  volens  prse  foribus  perficere  horam  quam  in- 
ceperat.     Tunc    subito    ex    dulcedine    psalmodise,    uti  Dunstan's 
plerumque  accidere  solet,  mente  compunctus,  oculos  ad  tSa  Dove. 
coelum  sublevat,  et  conspidt  inde  columbam  miri  candoris 
prsepeti  volatu  descendere,  quse  aera  scintillantis  radii 
fulgore    diverberans   domum   morientis   matronae,    ipso 
considerante,   subintrat.     Ilico   reflexo  gressu  concitus 
redit,  et  ante  camerse  ^  introitum  stans  totum  habitacu- 
lum  incredibUi  videt  nitore  splendere,*  eamque  interius 
audit    cum    quodam   de   jocunditate    patrite     coelestis 
sermocinantem  ^    et   eidem    innumeras    gratias    persol- 
ventem.     Cujus    rei   fine  patienter   exspectato,  tandem 
ingreditur,    et    prseter    eam    neminem   inveniens,   quis 
fuerit  interrogat  cum  quo  loquebatur.     "  lUe  idem,"  ait,  Eifeifti's 
"  qui  tibi  ante  fores  ecdesise  psallenti  priusquam  ad  me  ^^^j^J^^^'J" 
"  veniret  apparuit.     Ille,  inquam,  dignatus  est  me  visi-  the  Dove. 
"  tare,  et   suae    mihi   consolationis   gratiam   prserogare. 
"  Quapropter  dico  tibi,  amicorum  carissime,  ne  tu  vel 
"  aJiorum  quis  de  meo  discessu  doleat,  quia  non  poena 
"  infemaHs    sed    gloria    me    suscipiet    regni    coelestis. 


'  renunciato]  nuntio  remiBSO  haic, 
S. 
'  iuper  te  pono]  tibi  impono,  S. 
'  camera"}  cnbionli,  S. 


*  ^endere"]  affectum,  S. 
^  termoctnaniem]  Bermonem  con- 
ferentem,  S. 


M 


178  VITA  SANCri  DUNSTANI 

Heriaat  "  Tantum  precor  ut  eras  mane  ad  me  venias,  et  mihiB.  p.  29. 
"  cum  Sacramento  sacrse  inimctionis  viaticum  Dominici  p^  gl™' 
"  Corporis  tradas."  Annuit  ille,  et  diluculo  reversurus, 
tristis  simul  et  Isetus  in  suam  domunculam  abiit.  Hu- 
manitatis  namque  affectu  contristabatur,  quia  tanto 
solatio  ad  prsesens  destituebatur,  sed  altera  considerar 
tione  magnam  in  corde  laetitiam  concipiebat,  propterea 
quod  ipsam,  cui  setemam  salutem  unice  concupiebat/ 
eandem    salutem    apprehendere   jam    jamque    videbat. 

Her  death  Mane  igitur  juxta  condictum  reversus  est,  et  ipsa  sacra- 
mentorum  quse  desideraverat  pro  ntu  ecdesise  compos 
effecta  beatum  finem  adepta  est,  et  in  ssepedicto  oratorio 
decenter  sepulta.  Post  hsec  Dunstanus  non  solum  de* 
possessionibus  quas,  ut  diximus,  ab  eadem  matrona 
commendata  susceperat,  sed  et  de  illis  quas  sui  parentes 

SsDoJS^of  ^®  ^^^  ^^  ^  Christum  migrantes  ei,  quem  unicum 
her  wealth,  genuerc,  dimiscraut,  sollidtus  tractabat  apud  se  quem- 
admodum  Christi  membra  oommodius  inde^  posset 
sustentare.  Et  iis  quidem  qui  Deo  sub  patrocinio  beatoB 
Marine  in  ejus  ecclesia  serviebant  vol  servituri  erant 
propinquiores  terras  perpetuo  jure  possidendas  donavit, 
remotiores  vero  ad  opus  quinque  ecclesiarum,  quas 
construere  disposuerat,  juxta  locorum  positionem  dandas 
rcservavit.  Quae  nimirum  ecclesiae  postmodum  institutae, 
ac  subsequenti  tempore  in  tantum  sunt  mobilibus  ac 
immobilibus  rebus  illius  instantia  auctas,  ut  in  singulis 
multiplex  monachorum  coetus  ad  nutum  patris  Dunstani 
sub  regularis  vitse  custodia  militaret. 
Dimstan's.  9.  Exin  vir  Domini  infeitigabili  desiderio  ad  supemam  Adelard, 
parents  In  patriam  mentis  obtutum  dirigere,  et  civibus  ejus  quibus  ^' 
conversatione  necdum  poterat,  jugi  meditatione  satagebat 
interesse.  Unde  contigit  ut  quadam  die  in  contem- 
plationis  dulcedine  positus  subito  raperetur  super  se,  et 
patris  ac  matris  suae  animas  inter  choros  angelorum 
conspiceret  in  coelorum  regno  gaudere.    De  qua  visione 


^  coRCupiebat']  concapitfcebat,  S.    |      ^  inde]  om.  S. 


AUCTORE  EADMERO.  179 

valde  gavisus,  immenfias  omnipotenti  Deo  gratias  egit,  tus  deyont 
et  deinde,  juxta  "apostolum,  quae  retro  erant  obliviscens,  °*®*********"*- 
Phu.iii.is.  id  ea  quas  ante  sunt  quotidie  sese   extendit.       Inde 
quoque  semper  animo   secmn  volvebat  se  videlicet  pa- 
rentum  suorum  legitimum    filium  nullatenus    esse,    si 
minus  Ulis  voluntati  Domini  bbsequendo  propter  suam 
desidiam'  perderet  hsereditatem    quam   eos   viderat   ia 
B.  p.  15.     terra  viventium  adquisisse.       Hac  meditatione  quadamHehasa 
^^'     nocte   ilK   vehementissime    occupato    apparuit  juvenisg"^ 
quidam  vultu  splendidys,  amictu  decorus,  quem  ipse  ado-  to  Mm  his 
lescens  adolescentem  olim  noverat  et  saneto  sancti  amoris 
fervore  multum  dUexerat.     In  quem   oculos  Dunstanus 
defigens  paulisper  expavit,  ex  antiqua  scilicet  notitia  quis 
esset  advertens,  sed  eum  jamdudum  huic  vitae  exemptum 
reminiscens.      Tunc  ille  hominem  ne  timeret  hortatus^ 
et  ipse  ab  eo  de  vita  in  qua  tunc  erat  famUiari  alloquio 
percimctatus/   coepit   ei   de   gaudiis   regni    Dei   multa 
disserere,  ac  demum  ea  quae  illi  erant  eventura  praedi- 
cere.     Ait  ergo  eum   multas  hominum  malignorum  ad- 
versitates  et  insidias  daemonum   plurimas  perpessurum, 
sed  ei  in  cunctis  Dei  auxilium  affiiturum,^  ad  summos 
ecdesiae  gradus   promovendum,  multas  populorum  mul- 
titudines  sua  praedicatione  et  exemplo  Christo  Domino 
adquisiturum,  cum   quibus   sciret  se   post  banc   vitam 
perennem    gloriam   adepturum.      Quibus    dictis   virum 
foras  in  atrium   ecclesiae  ducit,   eique  locum   quendam 
B.  p.  16.     eatenus    incontaminatum   ostendens   dicit,    "  Ut  de  iis  ^^^^^^ 
Osbern,      «  q^j^  audisti  omnino  certus  existas,  hoc  in  loco  ante  t^howaming. 
*'  triduum  presbyter  unus  sepelietur  qui  nondum  aliqua 
"  corporis   infirmitate  tenetur."    Dixerat  et   ab  oculis 
ejus  evanuit.     Mane  facto  dericos  ad  locum  Dunstanus 
ducit,  et  eis  quid  de  presbytero  inibi  sepeliendo  audierit 
edicit.    Eadem  die  venit  ad  eosdem  dericos  presbyter, 
qui  dominaa  cujus  actus  paulo  ante  paucis  tetigimus  in 
servitio  Dei  assiduus  esse  solebat,  conventionem  cum  eis 


1  percunctaius]  rogatos,  S.  \     ^  ted  .  .  affutwum]  om.  S. 

M  2 


p.  89. 


180 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


Fuiniment  facieos  quatenusi  eum  in  prsedicto  loco  cum  defimctus  B.  p.  le. 
esset  tumularent.  lUis  vero  adquiescentibus,  sanus  etp^g^' 
alacer  domum  reversus,  statim  est  infirmatus,  ac  sequent! 
die  defimctus,  juxta  verbum  servi  Dei,  in  prsesignato 
loco  sepultus  est.  Omnes  igitur  qui  rem  gestam  audie- 
runt  mirati  sunt,  et  opera  Dei  mira  in  Dunstano  prsedi- 
caverunt. 


Edmund 

becomes 

king. 


DtmBtonat 
court; 


he  adminia- 
^   ten  justice. 


Bnvyuid 
detraction. 


10.  Sublato  de  hac  vita  rege  iEtheLstano,  successit  ei  in 
regnum  Eadmimdus  fi:uter  ejus.  Hie  post  aliquot  suse 
consecrationis  dies,  missis'  nunciis  rogat  Dunstanum 
venire  ad  se.  Sciens  quippe  qua  ratione,  qua  pruden- 
tia,  quam  omnis  probi  consilii  gratia  prseditus  fiierit, 
magnopere  desiderabat  ilium  sibi  proximum  esse,  cujus 
industria  fiiltus  tam  se  quam  regnum  sibi  commissum 
sub  aequitatis  virga  facilius  gubemaret.  Dunstanus 
itaque  regi  quasi  prsecellenti,  secundum  prseceptum 
apostoli,  obediendum  fore^  perpendens,  regem  adiit,  et 
salva  in  omnibus  reverentia  ordinis  sui  ejus  imperio 
se  subjecit.  Ipse  suo  consUio  regni  negotia  disponebat, 
ipse  lites  et  contentiones  si  quando  oriebantur  destrue- 
bat,  ipse  pacem  et  concordiam  inter  omnes  nutriebat. 
Nullus  in  qualibet  causa  unquam  de  injuria  sibi  Ulata 
conquestus  est,  nisi  ad  comprobandam  judicii  senten- 
tiam  Dunstanus  mediator  aut  arbiter  sedit.^  Bex  ipse, 
principes  quique,  ita  ei  summissi  erant,  ut  contra  id 
quod  ipse  juberet  vel  ordinaret  nemo  quid  faceret. 
Magnus  itaque  habebatur  a  cunctis.  Haec  omnium 
bonorum  invidus  hostis  attendens,  et  quonam  modo  ea 
turbaret  sua  arte  perquirens,  invenit  quosdam  quorum 
corda  bene  noverit  virum  non  sincere  diligere,  sed  ei 
specietenus  obsequii  sui  amorem  prsBtendere.  Hos  ad 
dissipandum  bona  qud3  non  amabat  ardenter  contra 
virum  inflammat,  ac  primo  dam  postea  palam  in  de- 
tractionem  ejus  iUorum  ora  relaxat.     Quid  dicam?   in 


B.  p.  21. 
Osbem, 
p.  90. 


1 S.  Pet. 
it.  IS. 

B.  p.  22. 
Osbern, 
p.  90. 


B.  p.  23. 
Osbem, 
p.  90. 


*  fore]  esse,  8. 


I     >  sediq  sederet,  S. 


182 


VITA  SANCTI   DUNSTANI 


He  gives 

hixndlas- 

tonl^ury. 


Dunstan 
builds  there. 


Promotion 
of  his 
scholars. 


Tempta- 
tions of  the 
doviL 


nutritus  perpetuo  jure  possidendum  dedit,  eo  pacto  ut 
quod  arbitrii  ejus  tenor  magis  eligeret,  exinde^  potis- 
simum  ordinaret.  "  Et  si>"  ait,*  "  tibi  placuerit  illic 
"  iuse  professiouis  viros  multiplicare,  tcuita  eis  regia 
"  liberalitate  per  misericordiam  Domini  .  tribuam,  ut 
"  multitudini  eorum  semper  superabundet  multitudo 
"  donorum  meonuu/'  Pro  quibus  Deo  et  regi  Dun- 
stanus  gratias  agens,  et  Glastoniam  in  dominium  suum 
accipiens,  secundum  exemplar  parentibus  suis  sibique 
ostensum,  ut  praediximus,  in  augmentum  majoris  eccle- 
sias  fimdamenta  jacere,  daustra  et  officinas  construere, 
et  qussque  poterant  esse  monachis  Domino  Christo  ser- 
vientibus  accommoda,  inibi  coepit  aedificare.  Post. quae 
plurimis  sibi  fratcibus  associatis  loci  ipsius  abbas  effec- 
tus  est.  Crevit  itaque  monasterium  ipsum  intus  et 
extra  tam  in  sancta  et  monachili  religione  quam  et 
in  multimoda  terrenarum  rerum  possessione.  Et  qui- 
dem  de  possessione  rerum  terrenarum  usque  hodie  scitur 
quod  ita  sit;  de  religione  vero'ex  eo  probatur  quod 
ita  fuerit,  quoniam  inde  ad  episcopatus,  ad  abbatisus, 
ad  quasque  officia  ecdesiastica  personae  eligebantur,  et 
ad  eruditionem  aliarum  ecdesiarum  oonstituebantur. 
Factumque  est  ut,  sicut  supra  diximus  ex  cereo  matris 
Dunstani  totum  ecclesiae  conventum  lumen  amissum 
recuperasse,'  ita  ex  hoc  loco,  ipsius  Dunstani  doctrina 
instituto,  omnes  ecdesias  Angliae  constet  verae  religionis 
lumen  sumpsisse. 

11.  Inter  haec  vita  et  conversatio  Dunstani  magnum 
contra  se  generabant  odium  diaboli.  Qui  gemens  ne- 
quaquam  inconvulsa .  mansisse  quae  per  suae  volimtatis 
ministros  in  eum  adversa  conjecerat,  per  seipsum  ilium 
aggredi  temptat,  ratus  vel  sic  eum  a  bonis  quibus  die 
ac  nocte  insistebat  deterrendum.  Quadam  itaque  liocte, 
diun  solus  ex  more   oraret,  in  lupi   effigiem  demutatus 


B.  p.  25. 
Adelard, 
p.  56. 

Osbem, 
p.  92. 


B.  p.  26. 
Osbem, 
p.  93. 


B.  p.  26. 
Osbem, 
p.  93. 


*  exinde']  inde,  S. 

'  ai<]  inquit,  S. 

3  totum     .  conventum 


recupe- 


msse]  totus  . .  conventns  .  .  recu- 
peravit,  S. 


184  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


Thewaruinget   immensas   corde   et   ore  Deo  cunctipotenti  ^  gratias  B.  p.  47. 

true.  agens,  sociis  quid  accident  manifesta  voce  exposuit,  ©tr* g^™' 

diem  ac  horam  transitus  ejus  notari  prsecepit;  iUis  ad 
heec  obstupescentibus  et  verbis  ejus  non  ex  toto  fidem 
accommodantibus,  venerunt  quidam  ad  patrem  qui  et 
de  fratris  obitu,  et  obitus  hora,  sic  quemadmodum 
dixerat  acddisse  testati  sunt.     Dehinc   sanctus   a  loco  b.  p.  44. 

HeiroeBto    digTcdiens,  et  ad  regem  secum  loqui  desiderantem  cele-^"^^' 

!md8^t%rius  tendens,  in  medio   itinere    diabolum   sibi    obviam 

devil  OQ  the  t     i     » t        /^    •         •  ••i*  ii  i.*i* 

way.  nabuit.     Qm  mimo   similis   coram   eo   ludere,  subsilire 

et  multis  modis  coepit  laetitisB  firsena  laxare.  Quod 
Dunstanus  ihtuens  et  quid  tantum  dsBmonis  gaudium 
poi"tenderet  per  spiritum  prsevidens,  jussit  monstrum 
tale  se  cunctis  qui  secum  erant  visibiliter  demonstrare 
quale  sibi  apparebat.  Quod  et  factum  est.  Bequisitus  B.  p.  45. 
ergo  Dunstanus  qxdd  sibi  vellet  ill^  lasdvientis  hostis  ^*g|™' 

Hee^aina  laetitia,    regem    in    proximo    respondit    moriturum,    et 

&E  '^"^  "^^  "^"^^  ^  "^"^"^  tribulationes  perpessu- 

the  king.  rum.  QusB  scntcntia  Veritas  facta  est,  ut  ea  quse  post 
dicentur  declarabunt.  Super  haec  tamen  quae  vir  Dei 
de  petulante  inimici  gaudio  dixit,  ut  aliis  quibusdam 
visum  est,  nonnulla  ejusdem  causa  ^t  hoc,  scilicet  quia 
sperabat,  defuncto  rege  qui  Dunstanum  in  magna  reve- 
rentia  semper  habebat,  alium  regem  mox  surrecturum 
qui  nee  eum  revereretur  nee  ejus  prudentem  sanctitatem, 
qua  se  et  alios  innumeros  in  Dei  servitio  constringebat, 
regali    providentia   tueretur.     Sed   in   hoc  ad   tempus 

The  king's   dcccptus  cst.     Rcgc  namque  in  palatio  antequam  diesB.  p.  46. 
septem     transirent    occiso,   et    a    venerabili    Dunstano  ^*^?™» 
Glastonise  sub  immensa   lugentis  populi  frequentia  ho- 

^red  TOO-   norifice    sepulto,   successit    in   regnum   Edredus   firater  B.  p.  29. 

favours       ejus,   vir   quidem   egregius   et   ad    exercenda  quae  Dei  -^^"^j 
simt  fervido  mentis  affectu  subnixus.     Hie  Dunstanum  Osbem, 
non  minori   caeteris   regibus   amore   percoluit,  immo  utP*^'*" 
ei  majorls*  dilectionis  signa  monstraret  operam   dedit. 


*  cunctipotente']  om.  S.  |      ^  majoris^  minora,  S. 


w^m  m  ^ir^^m 


AUCTORE   EADMERO. 


185 


B.  p.  30. 
Addardy 
p.  56. 
Osbem, 
y,  95. 


K  p.  80. 
Adelard, 
p.  57. 
Osbem, 
p.  96. 


Ouit.T.8. 

B.  p.  30. 
Adelard, 
p.  57. 
OflberD, 
p.  96. 


-^Hfego  siquidem  Wentano  episcopo,  cujiis  supra  memi- 
nimus,  de  hac  vita  translator  multis  eum  precibus  ut 
in  episcopatum  succederet  postulavit.  Cui  cum  illo 
nulla  ratione  adquiescere  vellet,  rex  non  modico  moB- 
rore  suffusus  matrem  suam,  Edgivam  reginam  dico, 
omnis  bonitatis  titulo  insignem,  de  negotio  convenit^ 
atque  ut  ilia  Dunstano  persuaderet  quod  ipse  nequi- 
verat  summo  studio  deprecatus  est.  Tunc  ilia  hominem, 
ad  se  evocatum  et  ad  prandium  suum  invitatum^  inter 
epulas  de  susdpiendo  episcopatu  coepit  interpellare,  et 
ne  collum  suiim  a  jugo  Domini  alienaret  multa  sua- 
sione  insistere.  At  iUe  perpendens  quid  sibi  recondant 
qui  episcopatum  loco  proficui  et  honoris  non  officio 
tenent  morum  et  prsedicationis^  "Obsecro  te,  domina/' 
inquit,  ''ne  tali  prece  amplius,  te  fatigando,  me  fatiges. 
"  Nam  revera  noveris  quia  in  diebus  domini  mei  filii 
"  tui  regis,  me  pontificali  cathedrse  nemo  praesidere 
"  videbit."  Dicebat  heec  cum  quia  sibimet  ipsi  ne  sub 
tanto  onere  deficeret  formidabat,  turn  quia  impium 
fore  judicabat,  si  se  a  rege  qui  frequenti  corporis  lan- 
guore  vexabatur  propter  episcopatum  elongaret,  maxime 
quia  totiun  se,  totum  ^  regnuin  suum  in  illius  provi- 
dentia  et  disposidone  posuerat. 

13.  Et  de  pontificatu  time  inter  eos  quidem  res  ita 
remansit,  et  iElfsinus  quidam  in  pontificatum  ipsius 
ecdesise  ilico  assumptus  est.  At  Dunstanus,  qui  ex 
voce  sacri  eloquii  veraciter  dicere  poterat,  "Ego  dor- 
''  mio  et  cor  meiun  vigilat,"  cum  sequent!  nocte  sese 
quieti  dedisset,  vidit  in  somnis  se  Bomam  perrexisse 
ac  in  sua  ecdesia  beatissimum  Petrum,  in  sua  quoque 
sanctissimum  Paulum  adorasse,  ac  demum  urbe  relicta, 
in  patriam  reditiun  accelerasse.  Itaque  cum  Montem 
Gaudii  attigisset,  apparuerunt  ei  principes  regni  Dei, 
beatissimus  videlicet  apostolorum  princeps  Petrus  et 
Sanctus  Paulus  atque  Andreas,  singuli  m  manibus  suis 


Bdred  pro- 

P0M8  to 
make  him  a 
bishop. 


Dunstan 

reftuesthe 

preasinj^ 

penuasioiiB 

of  the  king 

and  his 

mother. 


Elhinis 

made 

bishop. 


Bunstan's 
yiston  of  the 
apostles. 


^  M,  totum]  om.  S. 


186  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

insCTiptions  singulos  gladioQ  auro  inscriptos  prseferentes,   eique   proAddard, 

swords.       rnunere    apostolic8B    benedictionis    conferentes.      Et    in  P-  ^^- 
gladio  quidem  beati  Petri  scriptum  erat,   "  In  princi-  p,  97,  ' 
"  pio   erat   Verbum,  et   Verbum    erat  apud  Deum,    ets.Johni.i. 
"  Deus  erat  Verbum."    At  gladius  Paid!  nomen  Pauli, 
gladius  Andrese    nomen   Andreas    continebat.      Beatus 
igitur    Andreas    in    hominem     blando    intuitu    oculos 
dirigens    modulata   voce   ex  Evangelio    oecinit    dicens. 

Words  of  s.  "  Tollite  jugum  meum  super  vos,  et  discite  a  me,  quia 

"  mitis   sum   et  humilis   corde,   et    invenietis  requiem  ^m*^*-*^- 
"  animabus   vestris."     A  glorioso  autem    prindpe  apo- 
stolorum,  ut  manum  extenderet  jussus,  laevam  extendit 

striklJhim  ^^  ^  palma  levi  ictu  ab  eo  virga  percussus,  ne  ulterius  B.  p.  30. 

awaked  '  abjiceret  jugum  Domini  ipso  est  signo  prsemonitus.  p.^gy™' 
Ad  quem  ictum  ille  expergefactus  fratrem  qui  coram 
se  quiescebat  interrogavit  quis  ipsum  percusserit.  Quo 
respondente  "Nemo>"  jam  a  quo  sit  percussus  scire  se 
dixit;  sicque  residuum  noctis  in  servitio  Dei  pervigU 
expendit.  Mane  narravit  regi  quae  viderat.  At  ille  Adeiard, 
non  modica  admiratione  permotus,  et  quid  visio  signi-  q^^J^ 

Bdred  in-     ficarct  ex  magna  parte  per  Spiritum  edoctus,  hoc  modo  p.  97. 

tho dream,  respondit ;  "Si,  quemadmodum  accepi,^  per  gladium  non- 
"  nunquam  intelligitur  Verbum  Dei,  cum  tibi  beati 
"  apostoli  gladios  suos  contulerunt,  nimirum  Verbum 
"  Dei  quod  acceperunt  tibi  vice  sua  dispensandum 
"  tradiderunt.  Et  quoniam  episcopus  vices  apostolo- 
"  rum  ad  erogandum  Verbum  Dei  agere  scimus,  epi- 
"  scopatus  honore  te  sublimandum  certissime  sda^. 
"  Quod  autem  in  gladio  beati  Petri  'In  principio  erat 
"  '  Verbimi,  et  Verbum  erat  apud  Deum,  et  Deus  erat 

Dunstan      "  '  Vcrbum '  scriptiun  accepisti,  fiximi   tene  quia,  sicut 

will  bo  arch-       .  ,     ,  .      .  _^, 

bishop  of  "  ipsa  verba  specialiter  nobis  innuuht  Filium  Dei,  ita 
"  tu  in  ipsa  ecdesia  archiepiscopatu  sublimaberis  quau 
"  specialiter  Cantuariae  dedicata  subsistit  in  honore 
"  ipsius  Filii  Dei,  Domini  nostri  Jesu  Christi.     In  qua 


*  accept']  lecepi,  S. 


AUCTOBE   EADMEEO. 


'  fitiam  vices  ejusdem  spostoli  agendas  suaoipies,  etuMiro- 
'  potestatem  li^^di  atque  solveDdi,  quam  ille  a  Deo  |''^pp  °' 
'  accepit  super  totum  ,orbem  terrarum,  tu  ab  eo  acci-  ^£jS° 


188 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


Hismis- 
governmeut. 


He  pene- 
cutesbifl 
grand- 
mother. 


DuQBtan 
retires  to 
Glaston- 
buxy. 


Miracle  of 
thobeam. 


num  oonsilio  satellites  sibi  et  oonsiliarios  de  adolescen- 
tibus  fecit.  Ibat  igitur  secundum  desideria  cordis  sui 
et  iniqua  gerens  laudabatur  a  suis  et  benedicebatur. 
Unde  quid  mali  circumquaque  succreverit,  quam  infa- 
mis  fama  populorum  aures  et  ora  repleverit,  leve'  est 
et  me  tacente  videre.  Ipse  namque  possessiones  quo- 
rumque  diiipere,  hos  et  illos  exhseredare,  majores  natu, 
qui  nequitiis  ejus  inimicabantur  *  proscribere,  totumque 
regnum  imiumeris  oppressionibus  conturbare.'  Accessit 
his  malis  ejus  nimis  detestabile  malum.  Matrem  qxdppe 
totius  Anglici  regni  auctricem  et  nobilitatricem^  eccle- 
siarum  consolatricem,  et  sustentatricem  oppressorum  et 
Uiopurn^  Edgivam  dico  supra  memoratam  reginam,  in 
immensum  afflixit,  ac  vastatis  rebus,  ad  eam  pertinen- 
tibus,  ab  eo  statu,  in  quo  esse  solebat,  saevus  et  cru- 
delis  dejedt.  Qemebat  Dunstanus  in  istis,  et  co  amplius 
gemebat,  quo  correptionem  suam  rex  non  solum  non 
admittebat,  sed  insuper  furiosi  more,  irrationabilibus 
eam  objectionibus  contradicendo  deridebat.  Quid  igitur 
circa  talem  hominem  faceret  ignorans,  ad  monasterium 
suum  relicta  curia  Qlastoniam  secessit. '  Ea  tempestate 
structura  ecclesise  in  fabrica  tecti  perficiebatur.  Ad 
cujus  tecti  sustentationem  dum  trabes  una  prsegrandis 
multiplicibus  funibus  in  sublime  raperetur,  subito  funes 
dirumpi  et  trabes  deorsimi  vergens  nonnullis  coepit  in- 
teritum  minitari.  Tunc  Dunstanum,  qui  pnesens  ade- 
rat,  ingenti  strepitu  plebs  indamitat,^  ac  ut  extensiono 
dextene  suse  imminenti  periculo  obviet  obsecrat.  At 
ille  statim  signum  salutifer^  Crucis  ruenti  machinse 
objiciens,  eam  sine  funibus  et  sine  omni  humano  cona- 
mine  in  superiora  redire,  ac  in  loco  ad  quem  prius 
cum  magno  labore  trahebatur  jacere  coegit.  Inter  hu- 
jusmodi  opera  accidit  ut  ipse  quadam  die  officinas 
monasterii   sociato   sibi   uno   ex  monachis  suis  circum- 


B.  p.  32. 
Osbem, 
p.  99. 


Adelard, 
p.  59. 
Osbem, 
p.  99. 


^  leve"]  facile,  S. 

3  inimicabaniur]  advenabantnr,  8. 


'  eotUurbare]  festinavit,  ins.  S. 
^  inclamiUtns'}  inclamitat,  S. 


AUCTORE   EADMERO. 


189 


B.  p.  47. 


B.  p.  48. 


B.  p.  27. 
Adelaid, 
p.  59. 
Osbem, 
p.  100. 


B.  p.  28. 
Adelard, 
p.  59. 

Ph.lxvuLl. 


iret,  et  quid  in  unaquaque  domo  ad  supplendas  fratrum 
necessitates  haberetur,  diligenti  cura  prospiceret.  Quo 
facto  ad  claustrum  ^  iter  reflectens  ac  juxta  bratorium 
transiens,  repente  audivit  vocem  de  coelo  clare  sonan- 
tem  et  fratrem  qui  cum  eo  ibat,  ex  nomine  hoc  modo 
vocantem,  "Veni,  ^Ifsi,  veni,  veni,  veni."  Hico  Dun- 
stanus  rem  intelligens,  *'  Eja,  £rater/'  ait^  '*  audisti  quo 
"  vocaris  ?  Praepara  ergo  te  quatenus  conversatione 
"  ilia  unde  appellaris,  quando  hinc  migraveris,  dignus 
"  habeaiis.  Nam  pro  certo  noveris  quod  in  hac  vita 
"  non  diu  manebis."  Quse  viri  verba  velox  fratris 
obitus,  qui  cito  post  accidit>  declaravit  esse  vera.  In 
ipso  itaque  loco  in  quo  vocem  de  coelo  Dunstanus 
audivit,  oratorium  in  modum  turris  non  multum  por- 
rectae  sublimitatis  tedificavit,  et  illud  sub  patrocinio 
beati  Johannis  Baptistae  fecit  consecrari.  Haec  videns 
omnis  boni  inimicus  diabolus  ingemuit,  non  ob  hoc 
solum,  quod  pro  tantis  virtulibus  virum  coram  homini- 
bus  magnum  haberi,  sed  quia  de  die  in  diem  videbat 
tam  ipsum  quam  et  alios  per  ipsum  in  Dei  servitium 
exinde  magis  ac  magis  *  promoveri.  Licet  igitur  jam 
saepe  ab  eo  se  confusum  et  victum  meminisset,  cohiberi 
tamen  ab  ejus  infestatione  non  potuit.  Nam  adhuc  de 
suarum  versutiis  artium  confisus,  eum  orantem  in  ursi 
effigie  hispidus  aggreditur,  et  hianti  rictu  super  eum 
instirgens,  horrore  sui  oratione  deterrere  moUtur.  Ast 
ille  zelo  divino  correptus  arreptum  baculum  quem  manu 
ferre  solebat,  in  hostem  vibrat,  et  eimi  caedendo  tam 
diu  inseqxdtur  donee  idem  baculus  in  tres  partes  com- 
minutus  confringeretur.  Inter  quae  hunc  versum  miles 
Dei  psallere  ccepit,  "  Exsurgat  Deus,  et  dissipentur  ini- 
"  mici  Ejus,  et  fugiant  qui  oderunt  Eum  a  facie  Ejus." 
Tunc  Dunstanus  videns  baculum  suum  sic  in  hoste* 
contritum   dixit,    "Si   vivit   Dunstanus,   scias,  inimice. 


Hehua 
warning  of 
the  death  of 
a  brother. 


He  bnilds 
an  oratory 
and  dedi- 
cates it  to 
S.  John  the 
Baptist. 


Dinmay  of 
the  devil. 


He  attacks 
Dunstan 
as  a  bear. 


Dunstan 
breaks  his 
stick  on  him 
and  sends 
him  away. 


>  ad  claustrufo]  om.  S. 
^  magis  ac  nuigis']  om.  S. 


^  in  hoste']  in  honeste,  S. 


190 


VITA   SANCTI   DUNSTANI 


Ho  makes 
himself  a 
new  staff. 


and  places 
tooth  of 
S.  Andrew 
in  it. 


The  devil 
tries  other 
means. 


"  hujuBmodi  baculum  fitciet,  ut  si  amplius  veneris,  ne- 
"  quaquam,  sicut  iste  cocd&actus  est,  sua  gracilitate  aut 
"  imbeeillitate  conErmgatur."  Fecit  itaque  sibi  aliiim 
baculum  grossum  ^  et  fortem,  ac  illius  summitatem 
argento  circiunposito  decoravit.  Quod  argentum  in 
suprema  parte   sui  in  modum  concavaB  sphsersd  forma- 

atimi,  dentem  beati  Andrese  apostoli  gestat  indusum. 
Quem  dentem  Dunstanus  inibi  posuit,  cum  ut  insupe- 
rabile  munimen  sibi  prsestaret  contra  incursus  malig- 
norum  spirituum,  tum   quia  prse  cseteris   Sanctis   dulci 

•  affectu  diligebat  eundem  apostolum.  Propter  quae  sfe- 
pissime  illius  familiari  fovebatur  aUoquio,  muniebatur 
consilio,  et  auxilio  relevabatur.  Sentiens  ergo  diabolus 
suam  pugnam,  qua  Dunstanum  a  bonis  operibus  arcen- 
dum  putabat,  semper  sibi  ad  confusionem  et  Dunstano 
procedere  ad  gloriam  et  exaltationem,  continuit  se  a 
corporali  iUius  accessu,  aliam  viam  ad  conturbandum 
ilium  perquirens. 


Thekinff 
Iklls  into 
the  hands 
of  two  evil 
women. 


His  mis- 
behavlour 
at  the  coro- 
nation. 


16.  Erat  in  ilUs  diebus  mulier  quasdam  ex  magna  et  B.  p.  32. 
alta  progenie  nata,  fiUam  adultam  secum  habens.  Utras-  ^'^; 
que  quantum  ad  corpus  spectat  formosa  species  decorabat ; 
sed  quod  pudicis  mentibus  non  parvae  offensioni  erat, 
libidinosus  animus  et  habitus,  qui  juxta  in  eis  opera- 
bantur,  eandem  speciem  valde  decolorabant.  Hsb  prae- 
fato  regi  Eadwio  assidue  adliaerebant,  suis  blanditiis 
et  nutibus  iUecebrosis  pro  posse*  operam  dantes,  qua^ 
tenus  unam  illarum  sibi  in  conjugium  copidaret..  Ad 
quas  ille  impudico  illiciti  amoris  desiderio  fervens,  in- 
decenti  amplexu  nunc  banc,  nunc  illam,  neutrius  ad- 
spectum  in  hoc  erubescens,  destringebat.  Prseterea  die 
quo  ipse  Edwius  in  regem  est  consecratus,  a  loco  con- 
vivii  in  quo  cum  archiepiscopis,  episcopis,  abbatibus, 
totiusque  regni  principibus  sedebat,  jam  pransus  exsilit 


*    baculum   grosaum]    soipionem 
crassiim,  S. 


^  po89e]  viribns,  S. 


AUCTORE   EADMERO. 


191 


B.  p.  32. 
Osbem, 
p.  100. 


B.  p.  33. 
Osbern, 
p.  100. 


B.  p.  34. 


ct  relictis  omnibus,  in  camerajn  ubi  prsedictae  foeminsB 
erant  solus  secedit,  capitique  corona  sublata,  se  inter 
illas  medium  jecit.  Quod  optimates  agnoscentes  oppido 
indignati  sunt,  et  rem  tractantes  inter  se  Odonem  archi- 
episcopum  Cantuariensem,  qui  dignitate  cseteris  emine- 
bat,  imanimiter  hortari  coeperunt,  quatenus  viros  qui 
regem  sive  volentem  sive  nolentem  festine  reducerent 
destinaret  Ad  quod  agendum  cum  hi  et  illi,  regiam 
iram  metuentes,  se  excusarent,  tandem  super  Dunstanum 
abbatem  et  ejus  consanguineum  E3nisinum  episcopum 
sententia  versata  est.  Qui  ex  prsecepto  summi  ponti- 
ficis  etaUorum  omnium  ad  regem  ingresd,  eiun  ut  dixi 
in  medio  duarum  illarum  decubantem  reppererunt. 
Tunc  Dunstanus  primo  in  ignominiosas  mulieres  asper« 
increpationis  verba  vultu  et  voce  contorquens,  lascivias 
earum,  sicut  verum  castitatis  amatorem  decuit,  detesta- 
tus  est.  Deinde  regem  ut  se  tanti  opprobrii  exsortem 
faceret  monens,  ad  proceres  eum  redire,  eosque  sua 
prsesentia  exhilarare  summissa  voce  precatus  est.  Qui, 
animi  sui  fiirore  simul  et  vultus  rubore  perfusus,  dum 
se  rediturum  omnino  negaret,  Dunstanus  manum  iUius 
arripuit,  et  a  loco  violenter  abstractum,  imposito  capiti 
ejus  diademate,  ad  convivantes  introduxit.  Quod  mu- 
lieris  ignominia  nullatenus  sequanimiter  ferens  ssevis 
verborum  invectionibus  in  virum  surrexit,  et  se  eum 
confusioni  perpetuse  tradituram  garrula  contestatione 
devovit.  Et  hoc  quidem  detestabile  votum,  non  tepes- 
cente  malitia  ejus,  facto  exercere  sollicita  postmodum 
fuit.  Effecit  namque  apud  regem  ut  cuncta  quad  in 
monia.sterio  Dunstani  habebantur  diripi  ac  devastari,  et 
ipsum  a  regno  eliminatum  in  exsilium  pelli  juberet. 
Qua  tempestate  saeviente,  contigit  quoddam  lacrymabile 
malum.  Quidam  enim  ex  fratribus  monasterii  qui  virum 
contra  omnes  semulos  tueri,  et  ei  usque  ad  mortem 
more  bonorum  fiUorum  obsequi,  deberent,  propria  nequi- 
tia  magis  quam  ipsius  doctrina  imbuti,  se  medios  ad 
provocandum   regem   contra  ilium  danculo  injecere,  et 


The  counsel- 
lors send 
Dunstan 
and  Kiusi^ 
to  bring  him 
to  the  roast. 


Dunstan 
upbraids 
the  women 
and  brings 
bMskthe 
king. 


Vengeance 
of  the 
women. 


Confiscation 
of  the 
monastic 
property. 


Faithless- 
ness of  some 
of  the 
brethren. 


192  VITA   SANCTI   DUNSTANI 

quo    edictmn    de    expulsione     ejus    immobile    faceret  B.  p.  34. 
quantum  poterant  institere.  p  59 '^' 

Voioo  heard  17.  Dehinc  mimstris  impii  principis  in  direptione  rerum  OHbern, 
Stan's  de-  ecdesiasticarum,  sicut  jussi  fuerant,  occupatis  et  multis^*  ^  ' 
exinde  gravi  moBrore  constematis,  audita  est  vox  cujus- 
dam  in  atrio  templi,  excussimi  risum  edentis  et  more 
lascivse  puellae  summo  gaudio  et  exultatione  perstre- 
pentis.  Quae  Dunstanus  audiens  et  dsemonem  esse,  qui 
pro  suo  discessu  petulanti  Isetitia  jocabatur,  advertens, 
versus  ad  ilium  dixit,  '^Eja,  eja,  auctor  et  amice  om- 
Hepromiaea  <'  nium  malorum,  modo   de   exsilio  meo  ketaris  et  pro 

to  return  '  ^ 

«h.  "  tribulatione  plurimorum.  unde  me  dolere  conspicis. 
"  jam  gratulans.  Sed  absque  dubio  fixum  habere  potes, 
"  quia  nihil  est  gaudium  quod  nunc  habes  me  rece- 
''  dente,  comparatione  tristitise  quam  habiturus  es  me 
"  revertente."  In  his  verbis  daemon  auAigit.  At  Dun- 
stanus videns  suos  in  direptionem  datos,  pietate  per- 
motus,  qua  supra  quam  dici  queat  fretus  erat  ad  omnes, 
prout  sibi  possibUe  ftiit  exsiKum  inire  distulit,  cogitans 
ne  forte  Deus  cor  principis  aliquo  modo  tangeret,  et  a 
concepto  furore  mitigaret.     Verum  ubi  eos,  qui  se  hos- 

PejjoBution  pitio  vol  aJiquo  humanitatis  officio  confovebant,  vidit  in 

Mends.  immensiun  affligi,  deprsedari,  proscribi,  damnari,  ratus 
est  melius  malignitati  hominis  cedere  quam  tot  inno- 
centes  pro  suo  commodo  indebita  poena  vexari.  Ponens 
itaque    ecclesiam   Anglise   sub   tuitione   Regis  omnium 

He  goes  to  Christi,  mare  petiit,  ad  ignotam  sibi  regionem  transi- 
turus  navem  conscendit,  ductuque  divino  prosperrimo 
cursu  Flandriam  venit. 

The  woman       18.  Igitur  ad  hsec  prsefatee  ^  mtdieris  ira  in  immanem  B.  p.  34 
out  his  eyes,  vesaniam   instinctu   dsemonis   acta,  missis   nunciis   ubi?'!^^' 

p.  1  Ux  • 

Dunstanus  esset  perquiri  fecit,  et  si  comprehendi  vale- 
ret,  sine  idlo  respectu  misericordiee  oculos  ei  erui  prae- 
cepit.     Sed  Deus  Qui  Sua  sapientia  et  bonitate  privari 


1  prafata']  om.  S. 


AUCfTORE  EADMERO. 


193 


B.  p.  34.  nequit,  prius  servum  Sumn  per  marinos  fluctus  placido 
p.  59"^  lapsu  evexit,  quom  ministri  crudelitaiis  ad  portum  maris 
Osbem  ®^^"^  insequendo  pertingere  possent.  Cum  itaque  Dun- 
p.  101.  stanus  Flandriam  venisset  et  principis  terrse  notitia 
functus '  Aiisset,  magni  habitus  est  et  ab  eo  valde 
dilectus.  Quem  quoniam  virtutis  virum  esse  mundique 
contemptum  funditus  habere  cognovit,  Oandavi  eum 
conversari  ^  rogavit,  utpote  loco  qui  majori '  religione  in 
omni  sua  pot^tate^  eo  tempore  prseditus  erat.  Yenit 
ergo  Dunstanus  ad  locum,  ibique  in  omni  sanctitate 
degens  omnibus  est  cams  factus  et  admirabilis.  Exsi- 
Hum  itaque  in  patriam  sibi  versum  est;  tamen  in  hoc 
saepe  animo  deficiebat,  quod  corpore  remotus  erat  ab  eis 
quos  in  hac  vita  cariores  habebat.  In  quo  defectu  con- 
stitutum  dilectus  dilectior  ejus  venerandus^  Andreas 
apostolus  crebra  visitatione  consolabatur,  nee  eum  aH- 
quo  incommodo  ultra  quam  facile  ferre  poterat  gravari 
patiebatur. 
B.  p.  85.  19.  Prseterea  accidit  ut  ipse  Dunstanus,  quadam  vice  in 
oratione  prostratus,  ingenti  cordis  contritiono  suos  quos 
in  Anglia  reliquerat  filios  Deo  commendaret.  Et  ecce 
dum  orationis  prolixitas  tenditur,  moerore  gravatus, 
somno  opprimitur.  Visum  ergo  illi  est  se  Glastonise  in 
oratorio  cum  fratribus  vespertinam  horam  psallentibus 
pro  consuetudine  stare.  Qui  fratres  cum  dicto  evangelii 
cantico  antiphonam  ''  Quare  detraxistis  sermonibus  veri- 
Job.Ti25.  «  tatis"  subjunxissent,  et  eam  usque  ad  id  quod  dici- 
tur,  ''Quae  cogitastis  explete"  percantassent,  conticue- 
runt  nee  uUo  modo  ipsa  ultima  verba  dicendo  eam 
finire  potuerunt.  Quibus  dum  Dunstanus  vultu,  voce, 
signis,  insisteret,  ut  parum  quod  de  antiphona  restabat 
perdicerent,*  et  ipsi  e  contra  muta  voce  confusi  starent, 
audita  est  vox  de  transverso  in  sublimibus  ita  dicens, 
"  Nequaquam,  nequaquam  fiet  hoc  ut  quae  cogitavenmt 


Donstanis 
wellreoeired 
in  Flanden. 


He  lives  at 
Ghent. 


He  is  com- 
forted by  S. 
Andrew. 


In  a  vision 
he  sees  the 
brethren  at 
Ohtftonbuiy 
unable  to 
finish  their 
anthem. 


1  fiinetus']  potitxu,  S. 

^  conversari]  at  conyersaretar,  S. 

'  majori]  precipua,  S. 


^  poiestcUe]  ditione,  S. 

*  venerandus]  beatos,  S. 

*  perdicerent]  perficerent,  S. 

N 


194  VITA  SANCn  DUNSTANI 

faite"*reted  "  <>P^re  expleant.     Neque  enim  unquam  se  a  tua  potes-  B.  p.  35. 

thS^^oSmSf  "  ^^'  Dimstane,  evellent,  aut  te  ab  istius  coenobii  pwB- 

e?ii  deri^'^    "  latione  deponent."    Ad  haec  Dunstanus  evigilans  in- 

■gainsthim.  t^llexit  viflionem,  et   quia   nonnidlos   quos  verbo  vitro 

imbuerat,  et  de  quibus  nil  mali  se  meruisse  sciebat,  in 

suo   damno   stetisse   advertit,  graviter  ingemuit,  et  eis 

Deiun  propitium  fore  supplici  prece  oravit. 

« 

Changes  in       20.  Post  hsBC  misertus  est  pius  et  omnipotens  DeusB.p.  35. 
genti  Anglorum,  ac,  ut  illis  ad  perpetuam  consolationem  p  ^q    * 
patrem  suum  Dunstanum  redderet,  tali  consilio,  dictante  Osbem, 
aequitatis  ac  inisericordise  Suae  censura,  usns  est.    Exci-  ^ 
tavit  quosque  potentes  a  terminis  magni  fituminis  Hum- 
brro  Tisque  ad  terminos  fluvii  Tamisise  contra  impietatem 
regis  Eadwii,  et  eum  quia  talem  se  fecerat  qualem,  ceu 
prselibavimus,^    regem    non*   esse    decebat,   unanimiter 
persequi  et  aut  vita  aut  regno  privare  moliti  sunt.     Et 
^^^'J^^ipsum    quidem   ultra   Tamisiam    fugaverunt,   nefandam  Osbeni, 
pfe[*w^    vero   meretricem   ejus   juxta   civitatem    Glawomensem  P*  ^^^' 
SrfJJ  their  ^^'^^  mortc,  quod  brevi  et  sxunmatim  dictum  acdpiatur, 
^°^*  perdiderunt.     Quibus    patratis    Edgarum  'firatrem   illius 

super    totam   terram  a  prsedicto  HumbrsB  fluvio   usque 
•  ad   flumen   Tamisi«)   regem  fecerunt.     Regnum   itaque,  B.  p.  36. 

quod  prius  emt  unum,  in  duo  divisum  est,  Tamisia  suo  ^^^; 
iUud  alveo  disterminante.     Unde  frequentes  Utes,  sedi- 
tiones   nonnullaB,    varii   coniiictus   hinc  inde'    suborti, 
totam   terram   gravissimis  tribulationibus   concusserunt. 
Ex  quibus  omnibus  patuit  verum  esse  quod  supra  dixi* 
mus   per  lascivum   diaboli   gaudium  Dunstanum  intel- 
^jj^4      lexisse.     Yerumtamen  Edgarus  de  die  in  diem  semper  ^ 
*«P«>^«-      erat  in  melius  profidens,  et  Edwius  e  contra  in  deterius 
quotidie  deficiens.     Erat  enim  Edgarus  ipse  prudens  et   | 
strenuus  ac  mandatis  Dei  intimo  corde  adherens,  prop-    , 
ter  mala  quse   in   Anglia  per  fratrem  suum  emerserant   , 


^  eeu  pralihammus]  uti  diximuB, 
8. 
2  non]  neatiqnam,  S. 


'  hinc  inde]  hominmn,  S. 
*  Hmper\  om.  S. 


AUCTORE  EADMERO. 


195 


OsberOy 
p.  103. 


B.  p.  86. 

Adelard, 
p.  60. 

Osbeni, 
p.  103. 


Adelaid, 
p.  60. 

Osbeni, 
pp.  103, 
104. 


non   modico   moerore   tabescebat,    eaque   modis   quibusHiBgood 
poterat  restinguere  gestiebat.     Hie  itaque  adepia^   re- 
gal! dignitate  pravos  quosque,  et  qui  alios  iniqua  domi- 
natione  solebant  opprimere,  potestate  qua   gloriabantur 
coepit  privare,  atque   illos  qui   suis   rebus  injuste   spo- 
liati   fuerant   fecit   amissa  recuperare.      Omnibus   ergo 
ecclesiis  AnglisB  quae  in  regno  ejus  erant,  pax  et  Con- 
cordia orta  est,  et  juxta  quod  vox  divina,  sicut  supra 
meminimus,    hoc   rege   nato   prsenunciavit,    donee  ipse 
vitse   prsesenti   superfuit,  in   melius   aucta  et  roborata 
est.     Ad    hsec   missis   in   Flandriam  viris,  Dunstanum  Bmutan  is 
patnse  cum  ingenti  honore  restituit,  ac  se  suaque  omnia  made  bidiop 
ejus  sapientise  atque  consilio  disponenda  commisit.     De-  ter. 
inde  ut  major  auctoritas  facta  ejus  in  cunctis  comita- 
retur,  eum  Wigomensis   ecdesiae  episcopatum  suscipere 
petiit,  nee  a  precibus  destitit,  quoad   eum   suae  volun- 
tati  consentaneum  fecit.     In   summum    igitur   sacerdo- 
tium  consecrandus  ex  more  Cantuariam  venit. 

21.  Regebat  eo  tempore*  Christianitatem  in  Angliaodooonse- 
paulo  supenus  nommatus  Odo,  ipsius  civitatis  archiepi-  m  tm  ansh- 
scopus,  vir  equidem  sanctus  et  magnarum  virtutiun  prse- 
rogativis  apprime  omatus.  Hie  Dunstanum  in  Ipontifica- 
tum  Wieionun  consecraturus,  admirantibus  qui  astabant, 
eum,  omisso  ipsius  ecclesise  titulo,  ad  arehiepiscopatum 
Cantuariensem  titulavit,  et  quasi  successorem  seu  consor- 
tem  sibimetipsi  conseeravit.  Unde  a  prsesentibus  c^r^j^tiflea 
hoe  faceret  percunctatus  •  respondit,  "  Non  constringitur 
"  lege  donum  et  vocatio  Dei.  Et  utique  vir  iste  scio 
"  quis  sit,  et  ex  dono  gratiae  Dei  video  ad  quid  eum 
*'  Spiritus  Sanctus  elegerit."  Ex  quibus  verbis  meri- 
tum  utriusque  turba  quae  circumstabat  praeclarum  esse 
coram  Deo  advertit.  Inde  vir  Dei  ad  eedesiam  ad 
quam  prime  electus  fiierat  regressus,  et  ab  ea  praeclare 
susceptus,   summopere    nitebatur   opere   perficere   quod 


^  ad^ta]  percepta,  S. 

^  Anno  DCOCCLY.    P.  in  marg. 


>  percunctatus]  rogatas,  S. 

N   2 


\ 


196  VITA  SANCn  DUNSTANI 

Danatan's    se  ante    exitum   saiun  de  Anfirlia   meminerat  exultanti 

w  ^SLter    ^^^^1^  spopondisse.     Omnes  igitur  in  quorum  monbus 

diabolum^  aliquid  habere  intelligebat,  arguere,  monere, 

castigare^  corrigere  satagebat,  nihil  usquam  a  correctio- 

nis  voce  vacuum  relinquens  unde  gauderet  adversariusi8^Pet.v.8. 

qxd  circuit  quserens  quem  devoret.     Nee  ullius  persona 

in  istis  ab  eo  considerabatur,  sed  quisque  juxta  meri- 

tum   suimi;  observata   rationabili   discretione,  tractaba- 

tur.     In  omnibus  itaque  et  per  omnia  perquirebat  Dei 

honorem  et  diaboli  confusionem.     Interea  ^  rex  Edwius  Osbem, 

vitse  praBsenti  subtractus  est,  et  anima  ipsius  Dunstano,  PJ^^^' 

Bdw5?SBoui  orationibus  occupato,  a  quibusdam  teterrimis  hominibus 

b*^iack^    cursim  est  e  vestigio  prsesentata.     Cujus  miseriam  mise- 

ottoSa"^   ratus  suarum  injuriarum  immemor,  pro  liberatione  ejus 

deiivemnce.  immensos  omnipotenti  Deo   lacrymarum  imbres  eflftidit, 

nee  ab  eis  destitit  donee  se  pro  eo  exauditum  agnovit. 

Facto  igitur  non  grandi  intervallo   mauri  illi  ad  Dun- 

stanum  sua  prseda  vacui  redeunt,  et   quia  ipsius  inju- 

rias  supervacue  ulcisci  venerint   calumniosa  voce   furi- 

bundi   depromunt.     Quorum    ille   furores  nihilipendens 

Deo  super  ineffabili  misericordia  Ejus  ineffabiles  gratias 

egit. 

He  18  made       22.  Fost  hsec  Eadgarus  partem  regni  quam  diximus  b.  pp.  36, 
London.      Edwio    rci&ansisse   obtinuit,   regnimique    sui    unitatem  ^:  |^. 
recepit,  bellis    ac   seditionibus    quae   ex   ejus    divisione  p.  60. 
emerserant  quaquaversum   sedatis.  .  Exin  defuncto  epi-  Osbem, 
scope  Lundoniensi,  qusesitum  est   quis   in   episcopatum 
digne  succedere  posset.     Et  cum   in   hoc  aliquantulum 
temporis    expenderetur,  nee   persona   decens   et  idonea 
reperiretur,  tandem    electio   omnium  super  Dunstanum 
versa  est,  et  ipse  pontificatum  prsedictse  ecclesiae  susci- 
pere    communi    cunctorum    conclamatione   coactus   est. 
XJtraque  igitur  ecclesia,   Wigomensis  videlicet  et  Lun- 
doniensis,    eo   prsesule  gloriabatur,  quandoquidem   ipse 

>  diabolum]  eum,  8.  I  .   '  Entered]  Anno  DCCCCLvm.   P. 

I  in  marg. 


AUCTORE   EADMERO.  197 

Bumma    necessitate    compulsus,  utriusque   pontifex   per  ^^'^f^ 
nonnuUum  temporis  apatium  erat,  utrique  soUicitudinia  °'^^^ 
suee    curam  ^impendens,  utramque    intus   et   extra   sua 
defensione  conb%  omnes  semulos  muniens,  in  utraque 


'I\ 


198  VITA  SANCn  DX7NSTANI 

'  Dunstan     Aiuclorum  ecclesiis  luctum  suus  transitus  intulit,  et  in-  B.  pp.  36, 

refuses  to  ^  '  87 

lucoeed.      numeros  populos  acerbo   moerore   percussit.     Postulatus  ^^eiard 
Dunstaniis    Odoni    in    patriaxchatum    sedis    Anglorum  p.  6o. 
succedere   abnegat,  suscepti  regiminis   onus  satis  grave  p  207/ 
sibi  ad   portandum,  nedum   majus   superaddatur,  esse^ 
protestans.     Unde   ^l&inus  Wentanse   urbis  ^  antistes 

^^to  Bpe  munerum  futurorum  ad  hoc  sibi  fautores  effecerat, 
archiepiscopatum  rege  annuente  obtinxdt.  Qui  post  ali- 
quot adeptee  dignitatis  dies,  Bomam  pro  archiepisco- 
patus  stola  petens,  in  Alpibus  nimia  frigoris  asperitate 
correptus  ultimum  flatum  ibidem  emisit.  Post  quern 
substitutus  est  in  summum  ecclesise  Dorobemensis  pon- 
tificatum  Birhtebnus  Dorsaetensis  populi  prsesul,  vir 
totus  ex  mansuetudine^  humilitate  et  modestia  factus. 
Byrhtheim  Verum  ubi  compertum  est  nihil  in  corrigendis  vitiis, 
aentbaok  nihil  in  exercendis  ecdesia^cis  disciplinis,  nihil  deni- 
que  virtutis  seu  constantiaB  in  eo  esse  ad  tuendos  bonos 
vel  coercendos  malos,  ad  ecdesiam  suam  jussus  ^  rediit, 
et  ita  sedes  Cantuariensis  a  pontifice  aliquantis  diebus 
vacua  sedit.^  Itaque  xmanimis  omnium  electio  Dun- 
stanum  indamitat,  ilium  solum  se  nosse  vociferans, 
quem  tanta  sedes  digne  valeret  habere  rectorem,  prse- 
sertim  cum  a  primsevo  aetatis  flore  vitae  sanctitas, 
morum  gravitas  et,  cui  nemo  contrairet,  eum  perlustra- 
i^^j*^  verit  invicta,  constans  et  sequenda  auctoritas.  Hac 
fesSw.  e'go  Di™8tanu8  acdamatione,  quasi  voce  vere  divina 
constrictus,  primatem  totius  Britanmae  sedem  regendam 
Buscepit  et  eam  immensa  omnium  adjacentium  eccle- 
siarum  ac  populorum  exultatione  et  gloria  deductus 
ascendit. 

He  net  24.  Post  hsBC  temporis  opportunitate  accepta,  beatissi-  B.  p.  88. 

morum   apostolorum   Petri   et  Pauli   limina   petiit,   et  ^"Jj^' 


1  nedum  .  .  esse]  etiam  sinugns 
non  addatar,  S. 

'  Mrbis"]  ciyitatis,  S. 


'  jttsnu]  om.  S. 
*  sedit^  fltetit,  S. 


AUOTOBE  EADMEBO. 


199 


40. 
Osbem, 
p.  108. 


Adelaid, 
p.  61. 
Osbern, 
p.  108. 


B.  pp.  88-  eum  sunmi86  sedis   pontifex   magno   sincersB  dilectionis  He  mseiTefl 
affectu  illo  vementem  excepit ;   secumque  posiea  fami-  beoomeft  ftiii 
liarius  agens  et  agendo   templum  Sancti  Spiritus  esse  ^^' 

indubitanter  ^  cognoscens^  magnifice  ilium  honoravit  ac 
stola  S1U  apostolatus  pro  qua  venerat  decentissime  de- 
coravit.  Sicque  delegata  ei  legatione  apostolicsd  sedis, 
genti  Anglorum  pastorem  ac  salutis  eorum  provisorem 
destiuavit.  Itaque  vir  Dei  Boma  reversus  et  in  patri- 
arcbatum  primse  sedis  Britannorum  receptus,  in  ipsum 
mundi  principem  quasi  gigas  surrexit^  et  armaturam 
verbi  Dei  a  dextris  et  a  sinistris  constanti  virtute  in 
eum  vibrare^  et  membra  ejus  circumquaque  debellare 
et  prostemere  coepit  et  enervare. 

25.  Inter  haec  visionem  quam  sibi  in  oblatione  apofsto-  Further 

,  .      ,  explanfttion 

licae  armaturse  dudum  apparuisse  descripsimus^  mente  re-  of  the  vision 
volvens,  et  eam  jam  in  administratione  regiminis  duarum  aposttes. 
ecdesiarum,  Wigomensis  videlicet  et  Limdoniensis,  ferme 
impletam  conspiciens,  dicendum  existimo  per  quid 
archiepiscopatus  Cantuariensis,  qui  hos  dignitate  prse- 
cedit,  et  in  quo  ipse  excellentius  sedit^  ei  prsesignatus 
sit:  nimirum.per  verbum  Dei  quod  scriptum  suscepit 
in  gladio  beatissimi  Petri,  secundum  quod  illud  rex 
Edredus  exposuit,  quando  ei  visionem  ipsam  ipse  Dim- 
stanus,  ut  praediximus,  retulit.  Sicque  gladius  Petri 
ecdesiam  Petri,  et  Verbum  Dei  ecclesiam  Verbi  Dei, 
quae  Cantuarise  sita  est,  significavit.  Exin  videtur  ra- 
tionis  *  dicere  quid  gladius  beati  Andreee  cum  cseteris  ^^"'^g'^ 
oblatus  prsetenderit,*  quandoquidem  ipse  in  nulla  ecde-  Andrew. 
sia  quae  sub  nomine  ipsius  apostoli  consecrata  sit,  sicut 
in  prsedictis  tribus  ecdesiis,  sedit.  Quod  quidem,  quan- 
tum attinet  ad  nos  Anglos,  quibus  quid  hoc  sit  luce 
darius  patet,  superfluum  reor  dicto  commemorare  vel 
scripto.  Propter  extemos  tamen,  si  forte  aliquando  all- 
.quo  ^  casu  ista  inter  eos  ceciderint,  breviter  dico,  ilium 
merito  cum   gladio  Petri  Verbo  Dei   inscripto  gladium 


S. 


^  indMtanier]  om.  8. 

3  reUionis}  rationi  consentaneuiD, 


'  prmtenderii]  portenderit,  S. 
^  o/tgvo]  om.  S. 


200  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

BochMter.    suscepisse  AndresB :  nam  qui  ecdesise  Cantuariensi  per  Osbein, 

tlie  church  -^  ■■■  ■■■       u  i  n« 

dre**  de'  .  pontificatum  prsesidet,  Rofensi  ecdesise,  quae  sub  patro-*^' 
^**^n  cinio  beati  Andreae  subsistit,  per  episcopi  institutionem, 
per  horum  et  horum^  intus  et  extra,  cum  res  exigit, 
dispositionem,  utpote  suo  dominio  praesidet.  Quis  ergo 
in  cunctis  quae  religioni  competunt  Dunstanus  fuerit, 
videlicet  cujus  virtutis  ad  omnes  omnium  personarum 
injustitias  deprimendas,  ad  bona  quaeque  opera  fovenda 
et  mimienda  exstiterit,  usque  hodie  tota  Anglia  canit, 
nee  opus  esse  arbitror  ut  me  in  iUis  scribendis  fatiget 
grandis  labor.  Nonnulla  tamen  quae  ab  illis  qui  ex  ejus 
tempore  usque  ad  nos  per  successus  aetatimi  fluxere, 
accepimus,  compendioso  relatu  subjiciam,  quatenus  inde 
percipiatur  Veritas  verborum  quae  proposuimus. 

Aoertoin         26.  Comes  quidam  praepotens  cognatam  suam  illicito  Addaid, 
anuniawftii  sibi  matrimouio  copulaverat,  et  a  Dunstano  semel,  .se- ^  ^^ 
and  18  ex-*     cundo  et  tcrtio  redarsnitus,  incestum  suum  divortio  piare  p.  loe. 
gjted^      nolebat.     Quapropter  gladio  Spiritus  Sancti  a  viro  per- 
cussus,  a  liminibus  est  sanctae  ecclesiae  separatus.     Qui 
typho  tactus  superbiae  regem   adit,  Dunstanum   iipmo- 
deratae  et  impiae  severitatis  accusat,  regia  sanctione  se 
ab   ejus  tyrannide   libenmi    constitui   querelosa*    voce 
precatur   et   obsecrat.      Cujus    verbis    rex   acquiescens 
Edgur  inter- Dunstano  mandat  ut  hominem  cmn   ea  quam  duxerat 

cedes  but       .  •      .        ,  .i  j        j    t     •    • 

Duiutan  m  pacc  manore  smat,  et  a  quibus  suspenderat  limim- 
yieid.  bus  sacris  ipsum  restituat:  Miratur  ille  ad  audita,  et 
dolet  religiosum  regem  per  mendacem  hominis  linguam 
ante  rei  inquisitionem  et  examinationem  esse  seductum. 
Fonit  tamen  hominem  ad  rationem,  et  tam  pro  com- 
misso  crimine,  quam  et  propter  injustam  sui  crimina- 
tionem  apud  principem  terrae  factam,  pauIo  dmius  in- 
crepat,  cupiens  eo  modo  ad  poenitentiam  et  correctionem 
cor  illius  emoUire.  At  ubi  vidit  ipsum  non  solum 
verbis    suis    non    consentire,    sed    insuper    contumaci 


et  horum]  om.  S.  |      '  querdosa]  qaerola,  S. 


AUCTORE  EADHEBO. 


202  VITA  SANCn  DUNSTANI 

^Jl^rt^'s  Quo  viso  moti  sunt  omnes  qui  aderant  ad  pietatem,  Adelard, 
et  ipse  pater  omnium  majori  prse  caeteris  pietate  mo-  P*  ^^* 
tus  est.  In  Yultu  tamen  servato  disciplinse  rigore^  ut- 
pote  hominem  pleniter^  Deo  reconciliare  desiderans, 
lacrymas  ejus  ad  horam  severus  sustinuit ;  ac  demum  a 
toto  condlio  postulatus,  lacrymans  et  ipse  eulpam  in- 
duUit.  Itaque  ab  excommunicationis  vinculo  absolu- 
tum  communioni  fidelium,  gaudentibus  cunctis,  eum 
restituit. 

Throe  lUae       27.  Alio  tempore  monetarii  tres,  qui  in  potestate  viri  Osbem, 

ooineisoon-  *^  '    i  r  j^g 

gem^d  to  erant,  cum  &lsa  moneta  capti,  ad  subeundam  poenam  ho-  ^' 
minibus  per  totum  regnum  promulgatam  sunt  judicati. 
Qu£e  res  Dunstano  abscondi  non  potuit.  Die  ergo  Pente- 
costes  idem  pater  Missarum  solemnia  celebraturus,  per- 
cunctatur  utrum  Dei  populo  statuta  justitia  de  ipsis 
monetariis  &cta  fuerit  annon.  Respondetur  earn  ob 
reverentiam  tanti  diei  in  alium  diem  esse  dilatam. 
refSSMto  "  Nequaquam,"  inquit,  " ita  fiet :  monetarii  nempe,*  qui 
wjBbmte      «  falsos    ex   industria   denarios   faciunt,  fures    sunt,  et 

xoaM  on  '  ' 

day!«ntfl  "  corum  furto  nullum  nocentius  esse  cognosco.  Nam 
S«S"£l?"  "  ^  faisa,  moneta  quam  faciunt  totam  terram  spoliant, 
^SSo^'  "  seducunt,  perturbant.  Ipsi  divites,  ipsi  mediocres,  ipsi 
"  pauperes,  in  commune  laedunt,  et  omnes  quantum  sua 
"  interest*  aut  in  opprobrium,  aut  in  egestatem,  aut  in 
"  nihilum  redigunt.  Quapropter  noveritis  quia  ego 
"  hodie  ad  sacrificandum  Deo  non  accedam,  nisi  prime  iUi  ; 
"  qui  deprehensi  sunt  eam,  quam  in  seductione  totius 
"  populi  promeruerunt,  subierint  poenam.  Si  enim  in 
"  ultione  tanti  mali,  cum  negotium  me  respidat,  Deum 
*'  placare  supersedeo,  quomodo  Ilium  de  manibus  meis 
*'  sacrifidum  suscepturum  sperare  queo  ?  Sed  hsec  licet 
'*  crudelitati  possint  ascribi,  Deo  tamen  patet  intentio 
'^  mea.  LacrymsB,  gemitus  atque  suspiria  viduarum  ac 
"  pupUlorum,  clamor  quoque  vulgi  totius  mihi  incum- 
'*  bit^  et  correctionem    hujus  mali   deposdt.     Quorum 

^  pieniter]  om.  S.  I       '  nenqte"]  namque,  S. 

3  jvdicolt]  adjudicati,  S.  |      <  ma  inUrest]  ad  eos  pertinet,  S. 


AircrroBE  easmebo. 


203 


Adelard, 
p.  62. 

Osbem, 
pp.  108, 
109. 


<^  afflictionem,   si  quantum  in  me  est  mitigare  non  in-  Hisaigu- 
"  tendo,   et   Deum    Qui   gemitibus   eorum   compatitur 
"  nimis  ofiendo,  et  alios  ad  idem  malum  exercendum 
"  promptiores   et  audaciores   fiicio."      Dixerat,  et   pro 
poena  illorum,  qui  manus  erant  perdituri,  pietate  motus 
lacrymis  manat,  ut  satis  esset  videre  de  quo  fonte  pro- 
cedebat    edictum,    quod    nonnullis    videbatur    cnldele. 
Ubi   vero   audivit  prsestitutam   justitiam   factam,  sur- 
rexit  et  lota  facie  ad  oratorium  exhilarato  vultu  abiens  when  the 
ait,  "  Quia   Deum,  obediendo    statutis  justitise  legibus,  wtisfl^^ 
"  audivi  hodie,  eonfido  quod  et  Ipse  per  misericordiam  p"*®®*^ 
**  Suam  sacrifieium  de  manu  mea  suscipiet  hodie  f  cujus 
confidentise  effectu  privatus  non   est.     Eo  quippe  inter 
sacrosancta  Missarum  solemnia  sacras  manus  extendente- 
et   Deum    Patrem   omnipotentem  ut   ecclesiam    Suam 
catholicam  pacificare,  eustodire,  adunare,  et  regere  dig- vision  of 
naretur  toto  orbe  terrarum  interpellante,  nivea  columba  doTeT^"*^ 
multis  intuentibus  de  coelo  descendit,  et  donee  sacrifi- 
eium consumptum  esset,  super   caput   ejus  expansis  et 
quasi  immotis  aUs  sub  silentio  mansit.     Inter  hsec  quid 
animi   gereret  servus   Dei,  quo   amore,  qua   dulce(^e, 
quo  desiderio  putas   in  Deo   pascebatur,  qui    ex   prae- 
senti  gratia  Dei  tali  visitatione  fovebatur  ?     Consumpto 
sacrificio  columba   eadem   in   australem    altaris  partem 
declinavit,  et   super  timibam  beati  Odonis,  cujus  supra 
mentionem  fecimus,  se  reclinavit,  alis  suis  iUam  hinc  inde 
complexans,  et    quasi  rostro  deosculans.      Quod  beatus 
Dunstanus  intuens,  et  exinde  ^  meritum  jacentis  appen-  DimsUm*s 
dens,  in  tanta  eum  deinceps  reverentia  habuit  ut  quoties  ibrOdo.^ 
coram  sepulcro  illius  transibat  *  genua  flecteret.      Cog- 
nomine  quoque  boni  in    matema  lingua  post  haec  eum 
semper  nominare  consuevit,  videlicet,  "Odo    se    gode," 
quod  Latine  sonat    "  Odo  bonus."      Quo  cognomine  ex 
eo  tempore  usque    ad  banc  nostram  setatem   solet   ab 
Anglis,  maxime  tamen  a  Cantuaritis  nuncupari.    Percan- 


*  exinde'}  inde,  S. 


'  coram  . .  tratuibai]  sepulchnim 
ejus  tranairet,  S. 


204  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

His^uiu-  tata  Missa  Diinstaims  ab  altari  digreditur.  Ministris  See 
811^^  autem  ejus  pro  signo  quod  acciderat,  his  et  iUis  iimueii-  ^®?5^' 
tibus,  et  alios  6x  fratribus  ministerio  pontificis  affuturos 
suspicantibus,  ipsi  se  in  diversa  toUunt  ac  virum,  im- 
mensis  adhuc  ex  prsesentia  gratise  Dei  lacrymarum 
imbribus  madentem,  solum  relinquunt.  Et  ecce,  dum 
casulia.m  qua  inter  sacra  vestiebatur  deponeret,  nee  uUus 
adesset  qui  earn  susciperet,  disponente  Deo  suspensa 
pependit  in  aere,  ne  cadens  in  terram  servum  Dei  a  sua 
turbaret  intentione. 

Hecaiii  28.  Per  id  ferme  temporis,  rogatus  a  quodam  viro  no-  Osbem, 

spring  of     bili  et  reliffioso,  dedicavit  ei  ecclesiam  unam  quam  ipse^' 
dedication    m  suo  fundo  construxerat.     Ubi  ad   ministenum  aqua 
deficiente  et  ob  hoc  hominem  nonnulla  moestitudine  cor- 
ripiente,*  femulus    Dei   prasmissa   prece   terram    baculo 
percussit,  ilicoque   fons    limpidissimus  erumpens  omnes 
qui   prsesentes   erant    non    modicum    laetificavit.      Qui 
fons  usque  hodie  manans  Dunstani  nomen  et  meritum 
celebre  facit. 
HobnUdsa       Idem  pater  a   Cantuaria  in  remotiores   villas   suas 
ohurohat     opportuna   spatiis    hospitia   sua   disponens,    apud    Ma- 
andTaSjustfl  gavcldam   sicut   et  in   aliis   hospitiorum   suorum   locis 
tionby  ,     ligncam  ecclesiam  fabncavit.     Quam   ipsemet  dedicans, 
wi^^^^     dum  ex  more  circumiret^  et  eam  ad  sequinoctialem  solis 

Bhoulder.  •    .  •  <*  i  * 

ortum  mmime  versam  perciperet,  fertur  quod  trausiens 

himiero  suo  illam  aliquantulum  pressit,  moxque  muta« 

tam  a  proprio  statu,  in  medium  orientis  tramitem  pro 

voto   convertit.      Quod   ipsum   facile   potuisse    efficere 

nemo  ambigit,  nisi   qui  verbis  Domini   Christi,  quibus 

fidem  sicut  granum  sinapis  habentibus  promittit,  quod  SjM»*t-^^- 

etiam  montem  dicto  transferant^^  incredulus  exsistit. 

Inter  hujusmodi   opera  Dunstanus  Deum   semper  in 
mente  habere,  Deo   quicquid  boni   perficiebat  non  sibi 


1  hominem  .  .  corripiente]  faomini  .  .  subrepente,  S.    There  ha9  been 
an  erasure  in  P. 
>  Iransferant']  transferrent,  S. 


y 


AtTCrOEE  EADMERO.  205   ■ 

adscribere,  magnum  homilitAtis,  minimum  elationis  corHbrnni 
per  onmia  et  in  onmibus  poasidere.     Cum  autem  anwDU. 
Bfecularium  negotiormn  occupationibus  ei  quies  amdebat, 
modo  contemplation!  divinss  et  orationibus  incumbebat. 


206  VITA  sANcrri  dunsttani 

Hwstooe  laudibus  in   gloriam  ejusdem   regis,   organis  quoque  acB.  p.  4i. 
diversis  me^diis  concrepantibus  in  his  regalibus  nuptiis.  p'n;/ 
Quibus  dum  ipse  magnifice  delectatns  intenderet,  atqne 
ad  ea  totmn  sui    cordis  affectum   arrigeret,  accessit  ad 
eum  juvenis  quidam  candidissimo  tectns  amictu,  dicens 
illi,  ''  Cum  videas  et  audias  istos  ketantium  ac  jubilan- 
"  tium  choros,  cur  te  illis  non  copulas  ?     Cur  laudibus 
"  eorum  non  commisces  laudes  tuas  ?     Et  quidem  si  in 
"  desponsatione  matris  tuse  a  voce  laudis  et  exultationis 
'*  cuncti  silerent,  tu  silere  non  deberes,  nedum  illis  non 
"  tacentibus    solus    taceas."  ^     Ad   hsec   verba,    quid  in  B.  p.  41. 
laudem    tanti    regis  K»ntaret    ignorare    so    respondit.  J**?^™' 
Sdscitatur    ergo^  an  a  se  quod  decenter  canere  posset 
instrui  veUet.     Quod  cum  sibi  acceptissimimi  fore  profi- 
He  is  taught  teretur,  docuit  eum  antiphonam  istam,  "  0  Rex  gentium 
th^TShich  "  dominator  omnium,  propter  sedem  majestatis  Tuse  da 

on  awaking  '  r      r  j  , 

he  record..  «  nobis  indulgentia^,  rex  Christe,  peccatorum ;  Alleluia." 
Quam  pater  per  visum  ssepius  repetens  et  in  laudem 
prsefati  regis  frequentius  canens,  mira  jocunditate  pasce- 
batur.  Expergefactus  autem  a  somno  surrexit,  gemens 
eo  quod  a  tantis  gaudiis  tam  subito  se  in  hujus  mimdi 
serumnis  invenit.  Antiphonam  vero  statim  ne  oblivioni 
daretur  scribi  praBcepit,  eamque  a  suis  postmodum  can-  B.  p.  42. 
tari  ssepius  in  sui  praesentia  fecit.  Ex  qua  etiam  magnae 
suavitatis  fervor  ob  recordationem  gloriosae  visionis 
sibi  generabatur,  et  grande  desiderium  pertingendi  ad 
tantum  bonum  in  animo  illius  multiplicabatur.  Hanc 
visionem,  quae,  praeter  illam  qua  olim  patris  sui  et  matris 
Qttortion  of  animas  inter  choros  angelicos  vidit,  ei  apparuit,  quidam 
tationofthe  qui  ante  me  de  istis  scripsit,  vult  mystice  referri  ad 
matrem  ecdesiam  quae  Christo  summo  regi  per  bona 
opera  desponsatur,  et  ex  qua  Dunstanus,  et  quisque 
fidelium  per  sacri  baptismatis  imdam  renatus,  ejus  ali- 
mentis  pascitur  atque  nutritur.  Quod  autem  Dunstanum 
angelus   docuit    a  Dominatore  gentium   petere   indul- 


'  taceas]  tacere,  S.  |     *  ergo]  javeniB,  imu  8. 


AUCTORE  EADMERO.  207 

B.pp.  42,  gentiam  peccatorum,  ostendit  quod  pontifices  agere 
debeant,  quoties  ad  exorandam  majestatem  Dei  pro 
suis  populique  delictis  sancta  sanctorum  introeunt. 

30.  Alio  quodam  tempore  rex  in  die  Dominica  mane  Dniuian 

waiting  for 

venatum  ivit,  et  Dnnstanum,  qui  tunc  forte  secum  erat,  Bdgarlp 

return  tnsn. 

Miaaam  suam  donee  rediret '  differre  petivit.    Appropin-  ^"^T^ 
quante  ifi^tur  hora  tertia  rir  Dei  ad  ecclesiam  procedit.  begins  msM, 
et  mdi^tus   sacns   vestibus,  regem  sicut   ei   pronuseratofhe^yen. 
exspectabat.     Stabat  ergo  cubitis  innixus  altari,  orationi 
ac  lacrymis  deditus.     Tum  subito  sopore  leviter  pressus 
in  cSuTrapitur,  et  beatis  angelonT  agminibu^  a^o- 
datus,  audit  eos  summse  Trinitati  in  laudem  modulatis 
vodbus   decantantes   atque    dicentes,*   "  Kyrie   eleyson, 
"  Christe  eleyson,  Kyrie  eleyson."      Quorum  melodiam 
coelestium  contemplator  edoctus  ad  se  reversus  est.    Et 
conversus  ad  suos  interrogat  rexne  venerit  annon.     At 
ubi  eum   nondum  venisse   accepit   ad  «uas  preces  sese 
convertit.    Factoque  non  grandi  intervallo,  iterum  extra 
se   ductus  audivit  in   coelis   altisona   voce    dici,    "  Ite, 
"  Missa  est."      Ad   quod   cum  "Deo    eratias"  respon- Herefnses 
de«.tur,  accuxrentes   derici  regis  r^geradease  vodfe-*"-"- 
.  rantur,    sacerdotem    ut    festinantius    Missam     celebret 
obsecrant.      At  ille  versus   ab  altari  Missam  se  habere 
pronunciat,  et  aliam  se   ea  die   celebraturum    abnegat. 
Depositisque   vestibus    sacris    a   suis    de    re  inquiritur,  Hebids ' 
quod  latebat  operitur.     Ex  hoc  itaque  simipto  sermone  to  a^lSn 

•  1*1  TV        •    ■  9      1    *  I      from  Sun- 

regem    m    diebus   Domuucorum  ^   deinceps   a    venatu  dayhunting 
prohibuit.      "  Kyrie  eleyson  "    vero   quod  in  coelestibus 
didicit,  suos  docuit,  idque  multis  in  locis  hodie   sancta 
ecclesia  inter  Missarum  solennia  canit. 

B.  p.  48.         31.  Moris    erat   viro  loca  sancta   quando  CantuariseHeTimts 
p.  lis/      morabatur  imo  tantum  fideli  socio  comitatus  noctu  pera-  at  night, 
grare,  et  se   inibi  per   compunctionem  et  contritionem 
'   cordis  Deo  mactare. 

^  rediret']  yeniiet,  S.  I       '  Dominicorum]  1>omiiiici8,  S. 

3  atque  dicentee']  om.  S.  |  • 


208  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

Onenigbt        Quadam   igitur  vice  ad   monasterium  beatissimorum  B.  pp.  48» 

t^f^  apostolorum  Petri   et  Pauli,  in  quo  beatus  Augustinus  *^^^ 

heavenly      et  alii  nonnulli  de  patribus  ecclesiad  Chnsti   Cantuari-p.  ii8,ii9. 

ensis  tumulati  sunt,  ex  more  circa  mediae  noctis  silentia 

perrexit,   ibique   Deo  se  diutius  in  oratione  prostravit. 

Egressus   vero   ad   oratorium   beatse    Dei    genitricis  et 

perpetuse  virginis  Marias,  quod  in  orientali  ipsius  monas- 

terii  parte  situm  foerat,  eadem  facturus  divertit     Cui 

appropinquans   audivit   intus    voces   psallentium  atque 

dicentium,  ''Oaudent   in   coelis  animsB   sanctorum   qui 

"  Christi  vestigia  sunt  secuti :  et  quia  pro  Ejus  amore 

"  sanguinem  suum  fuderunt,  ideo  cum  Christo  gaude- 

"  bunt  ^  in  aetemum."     Ad  haec  ille  stupefiEU^us  adstitit 

ostio,  ac   per  rimas   iUius   introspiciens,   erat  enim  ob- 

Jj»i^to   seratum,  intuetur  oratorium  totum  immensa  luce  splen- 

Je  wes  toe   dere,    et  quendam   cuneum    candidatarum    personarum 

^j^«^  ipsam   antiphonam    laetis   concentibus    resonare.      Alio 

hSle?f        i^T^  tempore  praefata   pastorum  ecclesiae   limina  simili 

hora  pari  voto  requirens,  ubi  inde  discessit,  memoratam 

sacratissimae   virginis  aedem,    preces   iUic  Deo  fusurus, 

adire  coepit .  Ecce  autem  ipsa  beatissima  virginum  virgo, 

comitata  numeroso  virginum  choro,  venienti  viro  occurrit,  . 

et  summo  cum   honore   susceptum   ad  suam    ecdesiam 

quo  tendebat  ducere   coepit,   praecinentibus   duabus   de 

choro  puellis  illud  Sedulii  carmen  atque  dicentibus, 

"  Cantemus  sociae.  Domino  cantemus  honorem; 
"  Dulcis  amor  Christi  personet  ore  pio." 

Their  BODg.  Quos  versus  chorus  virginum  resumendo  percantans,^ 
praedictae  binas  cantrices  *  binos  qui  sequimtur  in  ordine 
versus  subsecutae*  sunt: 

''  Primus  ad  ima  ruit  magna  de  luce  superbus, 
"  Sic  homo  cum  tumuit  primus  ad  ima  ruit/* 


^  ffaudebunt']  regnahunt,  S. 
^  percantana']   cum  .  .  percanta- 
ret,S. 


'  cantrices'\  pnecentricee,  S. 
^  subtecuta^  prosecute,  S. 


AUCTORE  EADMERO.       .  209 

B.  p.  49.         32.  Sicque  donee  vir  Dei  in  oratorium  perductus  esset.  From  this 

*  *  Yision  the 

virgineus    chorus  primos  et  virgines  bin«  binos  juxtag^ 
quod  series  hymni    sese   nabet  versus  modulatse   sunt.  W^ 
Propter   hsec   et   horum    simiUa   facta  ^   insignia  pater     "     ' 
Dunstanus  quanti  honoris,  quantae  reverentise,  quantseve* 
magnificentise  apud  omnes  bonos  exstiterit  aestimo  quod 
qui  talia  Dei  dona  amplecti  novit  magna  ex  parte   et 
me  silente  videbit.     At  lis  qui  potius  in  malitia  quam 
in  bonitate  vitam  agere  satagebant  horrorem  atque  ter- 
rorem  vultus  ejus  incutiebat,  ut  ab  eo  fugere  quam  ad 
eum  acoedere  mallent.     Omnes  vero   qui  perversa  acta 
sua  deserere  et  ad  recta  opera  cupiebant  transmigrare, 
vene  pietatis  ac  misericordisB  visceribus  eum  redundare 
sentiebant,  et  ultra  humanam   aestimationem   consilium 
simul  et  auxilium    suae   salutis    in    eo  reperiebant.     A  5"*^* 

^  fame  and 

remotis  itaque  terrarum  partibus  ad  eum  passim  cur-  infloenoe. 
rebatur,  et  quo  ilium  praeminere  notum  erat,  Spiritus 
Sancti  consilium  ab  ipso  petebatur.  Si  ad  ista  diaboli 
odium  et  invidia  saeviebat,  nulli  mirandum.  Sed  quia 
se  in  perturbatione  viri  nihil  posse,  nisi  quod  verecun- 
diam  sui  et  eius  gfloriam  mamificaret,'  lam  certo  scie-^hedevu 

,  ^  r  1         .  .  lays  a  snare 

bat,  ab  ea  qua  ilium  saepe  fatigare  solebat  impugnatione  ^^  Bdgar. 
sese   cohibuit.     Verum   ut    eum   redderet  conturbatum, 
Eadgaro  regi,  quern  multum  pro  sua  reverentia  dilige- 
bat,  laqueum  gemebimdae*  deceptionis  tetendit  et  irre- 
titum  gravis  peccati  naevo  involvit. 

33.  Quadam  enim  vice  idem  rex  in  monasterium  virgi-  Etorfuia 
num  quod  Wiltuniae  situm  habetur  venit,  ibique  captus»y«j»»|«Uwiy 
Osbern,      specie   cujusdam   puellae,  quae    de   nobilibus  Anglorum  Abbey, 
P*  ^^^'       nata   inter   sanctimoniales  non  velata  nutriebatur,  cus- 
todiebatur,  cam    suo    coUoquio  adduci    secretins   jussit. 
lUa   cum  duceretur,  timens  pudori  suo,  raptum  ab  una 
sanctimonialium  capiti  suo  velum  imposuit,  eo  modo  se 


^  facta]  om.  S. 

'  quantave]  vel,  S. 

'  verecundiam  .  .  .  magitificaret'] 


ig^nominiam  sibi  et  illi  majorem  glo- 
riam  adferret,  S. 

*  gemebimda]  miseraDde,  S. 

O 


.      210  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

inBpiteof    protegi  sperans  si  forte  rex  quid  inhonesti  a  se  exigere  Osbenn, 
which  she    vellet.     Quam   ipse   velatam   intuens,   "Quam  subito,"  ^' ^^^* 

has  put  OD,    .,  *•.,  '^ 

*b*     he     inquit,  "  sanctimonialis  effecta  es ! "     Arreptumque  ve- 

aithough  '  lum  detraxit  capiti  ejus,  ilia  eonatu  quo  poteiat  frustra 

m^iTied.      obnitente.     Abusus  siquidem    ea  est,  et  gravi  scandalo 

quique   per  Angliam  religiosi   ex   hoc  mente  vulnerati 

sunt.     Quod  scandalum  eo  vehementius  fiiit  quod  rex  \ 

idem  legitimam  uxorem  habebat,  ^Elfisedam^  videlicet 

cognomine  Candidam,  Ordmseri  prsepotentis  Orientaliuin  \ 

Anglorum  ducis  fiUam  de  qua  et  Sanctum  Eadwardum 

genuerat.      Ubi    vero    res    Dunstano    innotuit    acerbo  i 

Dmiatjn's    moerore  percussus  est.     Igitur  cum  pro  re  non  segnis 

thS?^^'    ad  regem  veniret,  et  iUi  venienti   pro  more  occurreret, 

eumque  per  manum  ad  solium   suum  perducere  vellet, 

manum  Dunstanus  turbato  vultu  retraxit,  nee  eam  ab 

homine  contingi   passus   est.     Ad   quod   ille   attonitus, 

non  enim  ilium  scire  putabat  quod  clanculo  a  se  factum 

existimabat,  cur  Tnanum  sibi  non  dimitteret  inquisivit. 

SfaS?SS   ^^'  "Tu,  postposito  omni   pudore  adulterium  commi- 

king's  hand.  «  gisti ;  tu  dcspecto  Dco,  signum  castitatis  non  veritus, 

"  virgini    suam    integritatem  prseripuisti.     Et  cur  ma- 

''  num,  Summo  Fatri  virginis  Filium  immolantem,  im- 

"  puris  manibus  non  tradam  quseris  ?     Lava  prius  per 

"  poenitentiam    manus    tuas   a   sordibus   suis,  et   tunc 

*'  demum  quo  gratias    Dei  reconciUeris  honora   et   am- 

Edgar's .     "  plectere  manum  pontificis."    Territus  ille  ad  haec  terrro  Osbem, 

procumbit,    pedes   antistitis   petit,    se  peccasse,  gemitu^'^^^' 

verba    interrumpente,     contestans.       Quod    Dunstanus 

videns  tantum  in  rege  humilitatis  exemplum  vehemen- 

ter  amplectitur.     Velocius   ergo  ilium  erexit  et  pacato 

vultu,  cum    eo    familiariter    quse   salutem   animse   ejus 

Hit  penance,  operarentur  loquens,  septennem  ei  poenitentiam  injunxit. 

At  ille  pontificali  absolutione  potitus,  omni   studio  in- 

jimctse  sibi   poenitentise   operam  dare,  et  multa  quibus 

Deum  placaret  pietatis  opera  ipsi  poenitentise,  instinctu 

et    consiUo    patris    sui,    soUicitus    coepit    superaddere. 

'  See  the  letter  of  Nicolas  in  Sect.  viL  of  this  Volume. 


AUCTOBE  EADHERO.  211 

Oibeni,      Ipee   pneterea   omni  ordini    bomiiumL.  iiL.-siio    re^po  Hgentann 


212  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

He  gives      "  dctis,  aut  loci  istins  beneficiis  et  conyersationi,  hincOsbern, 

them  their  •,,,,,  •  •»     •    u         t  ii»  d  118 

choice         "  eliminati,    jam   jamque    cedetis.        Itaque    nonnulli*^' 
becoming     ex     illis      statim     abiecto     clericali     habitu     monachi 

monks  *nd  ,  •' 

i»^2?  the  facti   smit,   caeteris  juxta  verba  ^  pontificis   de  ecclesia 

eliminatis.      Cseterum    quia   ipsi   qui   ita  noviter  sunt 

conversi     regularis     disciplinsB    normam    sine    aliorum 

magisterio     docte     servare     nequibant,     monachi     de 

Abendonia   illuc   ab  eodem  pontifice  adducti  sunt,  qui 

MOTiksaPD    monachicse  institutionis    tramitem   ibi    edocerent.     Cle- 

do"  ^^*"*"  rici  vero,  qui    ejecti  sunt,  citato  gressu   regem   adeunt, 

judicium    atque   justitiam    sibi   de  expulsione  sui   fieri 

postulant.     Refertur  negotium  ad  audientiam  Dunstani, 

et  ipse  eos  aequa  postulare  pronunciat.     Igitur  ex  prae- 

cepto   regis    et   archiepiscopi    Coit  Wintoniam  nobilitas 

regni  totius,  et  rex  cum  sua  conjuge  adest  ad  determi- 

Ck>undi  at    nandum  querelas  negotii  hujus.     Surgunt  hinc  inde  lites 

todiacuM     quas   Dunstanus    propositis  'rationibus    destruit  omnes. 

the  canons.   RationabUiter   quippe    cunctis   ostendit   clericos,  qui   a 

sorte  Dei  incorrigibiKter »  per  pmvitatem  vit©  su»  dis- 

siUunt,  nil  per  rectitudinem  sibi  vindicare  posse  ex  iis 

quae    ecclesiis    data    sunt    ad    subsidium  eorum  qui   in 

clericatu   pura   conversatione   sese   custodiunt.     Quibus 

auditis,  omissa  omni  controversia,*  rex  et  de*  principi- 

bus  plures,*  clericorum  precibus  ad  pietatem  usque  per- 

moti,  Dunstanum    interpellant    quatinus   hac  sola  vice 

parcat,  et  clericos,  jam  quid  amodo   si   se  non  correx- 

erint  incursuri  sint    re   ipsa    edoctos,   de    ecclesia   sua 

revestiat.      Silet   ille   ad   ista,   quidque  potissimum  de 

negotio    sit  agendum,  demisso  capite  mente  pertractat. 

Miraculous   Silentium  ingens  occupat  omnes  et  suspensi  ad  respon- 

thecpudflx.  sum    pontificis    erigimt    aures.     Tunc   subito    crucifixi 

Dei  imago,  signo  crucis  in  edito  domus  affixa,  audien- 


1  juxta  verba]  yerbo,  S.  *  el  de]  atqae  ez,  S. 

3  quippe  .  .  incorrigihUiter]  cm.  S.  '  pluree]  plerique,  S. 

'  omni  cantroversia']   omnis  con- 
troversia  est,  8. 


I 


214 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


incroaaeof  per  id  temporis  et  alii  quamplures  derici  horum 
devotion  similes  do  suis  ecclesus  sunt,  et  monacni  m  locum 
"*'*^°'  ipsorum  substituti.  Aucta  est  igitur  religio  per  An- 
gliam  in  tantum  ut  quadraginta  octo  monasteria  mona- 
chis  vel  sanctimonialibus  instituerentur,  cooperantibus 
beato  Dunstano  in  hoc  viris  venerabilibus,  Oswaldo 
videlicet,  qui  primo  Wigomensis,  postea  fuit  episcopus 
Eboracensis,  et  Athelwoldo  ^  Wintoniensi,  quorum  supra 
meminimus.  Yitam  itaque  beati^  Dunstani  et  actus 
formidabant  omnes  qui  incedere  volebant  juxta  vias 
adinventionum  suarum. 

E<i^i«  35.  Inter  hsec  sopito  negotio  quod  regem  Eadgarum  ne  Adelard, 
crowned,  regio  more  coronaretur  detinuerat,  Dunstanus  adunatis  q^^ 
episcopis,  abbatibus  et  cseteris  principibus  ciun  tota  regni  p.  114. 
ingenuitate,  coram  eis  astante  innumera  populorum' 
multitudine,  imposuit  iUi  coronam  regni,  gaudentibus 
cunctis  et  jubilantibus  Deo  in  voce  laudis  et  exulta- 
^ hifld«th  tionis.  Ipso  autem,  post  biennium  quo  hsBC  £Etcta  sunt, 
DiuSton^  immatura  morte  prsevento,  Eadwardo  filio  suo  totum 
influence,  regnum  hsBreditario  jure  reliquit.  Qm  Eadwardus  cum 
in  regem  consecrari  deberet,  nonnulli  de  principibus 
terrsB  contraire  ne  rex  fieret  nisi  sunt,  tiun  quia  mo- 
rum  iUius  severitatem,  qua  in  suorum  excessus  acriter 
BSBvire  consueverat,  suspectam  habebant,*  tum  quia 
matrem  ejus,  licet  legaliter  nuptam,  in  regnum  tamen 
non  magis  quam  patrem  ejus,  dum  eimi  genuit,  sacra- 
tam  fiiisse  sciebant.  Sed  Dunstanus  discretione  et 
industria  confisus  adolescentis,  unum  non  metuens,  et 
observato  patemaB  heereditatis  et  testamenti  jure  aliud 
contemnens,  arrepto  sanctse  Crucis  vexiUo,  medius  con- 
stitit,  et  per  rationem  cunctis  qusB  objiciebantur  elisis, 
Edwardum  regem  constituit,  et  constituto  patemum 
affectum,  consilium  et  auxilium  in  omni  negotio  dum 


'  AthelwUdo]  episcopo,  ins.  S. 
'  becUi]  om.  S. 


3  populortan]  populi,  S. 

^  suspectam  habebanf]  cm.  S. 


AUCTOBE   EADHEEO.  216 

Adeiard,     visit  exhibere  curavit.    Rex  quoque   ita  mores  BuosEdmni'i 
&Bbera      '°  omnibiis  et  per  omnia  componebat,  ita  totum  reg- menif"™* 
p.  11*.       Hum  aanctis  legibus  disponebat,  ut   et   actus   ejua  Deo 


216 


VITA  SANCn  DUNSTANI 


Dunstan 
Booompanies 
them  on 
their  de- 
partare 
nom  Gan- 
terbuTj. 


He  foretells 
their  speedy 
death. 


tt 


<{ 


« 


<( 


it 


The  pro- 
phecy ib 
fulflUed. 


Dunstan's 
grief. 


Question 
aBout  the 
■aoceflsionto 
Winchester. 


cum  pater  comitatus  ipsis  duobus  episcopis  Cantuaria  Oabern, 
decederet,  et  pariter  longius  ab  urbe^  remotos  quern- P'^^^* 
que  ab  altero  destinati  hospitii  via  dirimeret,  ambo 
pontifices,  a  Dunstano  benedici  petentes,  ab  eo  divertere 
et  suum  iter  cupiebant  accelerare.  Verum  ipso  manum 
extendente  ad  benedicendum,  subito  in  lacrymas  acer- 
bas  erupit,  cceptseque  benedictionis  verba  singultus 
subsequens  interrupit.  lUis  vero  ad  rem  grandi  stu- 
pore  perterritis,  quidnam  haberet,  quod  tarn  anxie 
fleret,  sciscitati  sunt.  Kespondit,  "Fleo  quia  vos,  quos 
"  modo  sanos  et  alacres  video,  in  hac  vita  me  nequa- 
quam «  ampUus  visurum  admodum  doleo.  Nam  in 
proximo  estis  morituri,  et  ad  gaudia  regni  coelestis 
transeuntes  me  in  hujus  vitse  miseriis  relicturi." 
Cui  cum  ipsi  dicerent  "Ne  pater,  oramus,  de  nostra 
morte  ita  loquaris ;"  "  Fixum,"  ait,  "  quod  dixi  tenete, 
quoniam  sic  est  et  omnino  immutabile."  ^  In  his 
dato  altrinsecus  osculo  pacis  ab  invicem  divisi  sunt. 
Igitur  antistes  Rofensis  mox  ubi  sui  pontificatus  civi- 
tatem  ingressus  est,  elanguit,  et  evolutis  in  infirmitate 
pauds  diebus  defunctus  est.  Wintoniensis  vero  prius- 
quam  ad  sedem  suam  venire  posset,  languore  conipi- 
tur,  et  juxta  verbum  viri  Dei  non  longa  mora  in- 
terveniente  finitur.  Ex  cujus  obitu  gravis  moeror  Adelard, 
Dunstanum  corripuit,  tum  quia  tanti  viri  ingens  sola-  ^vfl!^** 
tium  amiserat,  timi  quia  cui  potissimum  tenerse  adhucp.  116.' 
statum  ecclesiad  regendum  committeret  dubius  fluctua- 
bat.  Quos  fluctus  ingerebant  animo  ejus  hinc  monachi 
nuper  intromissi,  hinc  clerici  ab  ecclesia  ilia  ejecti. 
Monachi  quippe  suae  professionis  virum  habere  episco- 
pimi  praeoptabant ;  clerici  vero  sui  ordinis  hominem 
sibi  prsefici  desiderabant ;  illi  videlicet  per  monachum 
in  ecclesia  sibi  collata  cupientes  solidari ;  isti  per  cleri- 
cum  ecclesise  sibi  ablatae  sperantes  reformari.  Sed  haec 
providens  sapientia   et   sapiens   providentia  Dei   citius 


'  ab  urbe]  om.  S. 

'  me  nequaquam]  non,  S. 


'  omnino  immutabile]  non  est  mu< 
tabUe,  S.     ' 


AUCTORE  EADMERO. 


217 


Adelard, 
p.  62. 
Osbem, 
p.  116. 


determinavit;      Nam   per  beatum  Andream   apostolum,  s.  Andrew 
cui  special!   quodam  dilectionis  affectu  Dunstanum  ad-  command 
haerere  Deus  concesserat,  Dimstano  mandavit  quatenusahaiibeap- 
nihil  hffisitans   ^egum   abbatem   Bathoniensem   con-'"'^- 
stitueret  Wentanse  ecclesise  summuin  sacerdotem.    Laeta- 
tus  est  Dunstanus   in   istis,  et   reddita  Deo   gratiarum 
actione  pro  beneficiis  Suis   in  iElfego,  perfecit  quod  ei 
per  aposiolum  Suum  Deus  ipse  prsecepit. 


37.  Multa  de  hoc  viro,  juxta  quod  multorum  non 
spemenda  testimonia  ferunt,  adhuc  litterarum  memorise 
veraci  stylo  commendare  possemus;  verum  ne  incultae 
narrationis  prolixitate  quemlibet^  gravemus,  praeter- 
missis  iUis,  ad  sacrum  transitum  ejus  enarrandum  cor 
et  linguam  praeparemus.  Quod  pneparare  quia  nostras 
opis  non  est,  oremus  ut  ipso  de  quo  agimus  inter- 
veniente  perficiatur  ab  Eo  Cujus  hoc  donum  et  gratiam 
scimus  esse. 
Adelard,  Dies  igitur  quo  Dominus  noster  Dei  Filius,  Deus 
Osbem  pp.  ^^^ter,^  devicta  morte  ccelum  victor  ascendit,  Celebris 
120, 121.  illucescebat,  et  Dunstanus  expleto  noctis  officio  solus 
in  ecclesia  Salvatoris  Cantuariae,  pro  tanti  gaudii  con- 
sideratione,  Christo  totus  inhaerebat.  Interea  conspexit 
et  ecce  innumera  candidatorum  multitudo  virorum 
coronas  aureas  in  capite  gestantium,  inaestimabili  ful- 
gore  micantium,  per  ecclesiae  januas  irrumpens,  coram 
se  sub  uno  *  conglobata  constitit,  et  una  voce  ei  hujus- 
modi  salutationis  alloquium  persolvit,  "  Salve,  Dunstane 
"  noster,  salve !  Mandat  tibi  Quem  pie  desideras  Filius 
**  Dei  quatenus,  si  paratus  es,  venias  et  diem  banc,  ad 
"  cujus  gaudium  unica  dilectione  suspiras,  nobis  asso- 
"  ciatus  in  Sua  curia  gratiosus  et  hilaris  celebres." 
Ad  quorum  vultus  et  voces  ille  imperterritus  manens 
sciscitatus   est,  quinam    essent.     "Cherubin,"  inquiunt, 


Much  more 
might  be 
told  about 
Dunstan. 


On  Aflcen- 
non  day, 
Dunstan  has 
a  vision  of 
cherubim 
askinff  if  he 
is  ready  to 
depart. 


1  qvemUbet']  quenqnam,  S. 
3  Deus  noster']  cm.  S. 


'  se  sub  uno']  ipso,  S. 


218  VITA  SANCn  DUNSTANI 

SfhUf  **** "  *^  Seraphin  siimuB :  quidquid  velis  ad  haBC  respondeas  Adelaide 
tblfSirt!     "  voliimus/'     Tunc  ille  sacro   cordis  ac  mentis   afiectu  g^^ 
cnm    supplici   voce    pro    tanta    gratia    grates    debitas  p.  121. 
agens ;  "  Hac,"  inquit,  "  die,  qui  honor,  quae  spes,  quod 
"  gaudium   in  Ascensione  Christi  Dei   et  Domini  om- 
"  nium^  generi  humano   provenerit,  O  sancti  ac  beati 
'^  spiritus,  nostis.     Nostis   nihilominuB   officii   mei  esse 
"  oves  Ipsius  Domini  mei   mihi  commendatas  hac  die 
^  "  vitsB  SBtemaB   pane  reficere,  et  eas  quo  tramite  Ilium 
"  sequi  debeant,  quo  prsecessit,  informare.     Cujus  etiam 
"  rei  gratia  plurimi  convenere,  nee  meum  est   in  tali 
"  negotio  illos  decipere.     Propter  hsec,  quo  me  invitatis 
^]rbid     "  non  possum  hodie  venire."    Dixerunt,  "  Eja  !  provide 
re«g^th6 "  ut   die   Sabbati    praesto  sis  hinc   nobiscum    Bomam 
"  transire,  et  coram  summo  pontifice  Sanctus,  Sanctus, 
"  Sanctus  aetemaliter*  canere."     Annuit  ipse  dicto,  et 
illi  in  invisibilia  ab  oculis  ejus  dilapsi  sunt. 

w£u^  38.  Hujus  admirandae  visionis  presbyter  quidam  Mif-  AcUiard, 
Jifthe*™'  g^^'T^^  nomine,  qui  in  excubiis  domus  Dei  assiduus  esse  OBbern 
^£*5J^  solebat,  quique  postmodum,  sicut  scriptura  referente  P- 120. 
accepimus,  insignis  in  Elmham  episcopus  claruit,  con- 
scius  esse  promeruit.  Nam  nocte  eadem  pervigil  sacris 
meditationibus  deditus,  illucescente  aurora,  supra'  se- 
ipsum  per  visum  raptus  est,  viditque  beatiun  Dunsta- 
num  cathedrae  pontificali  praesidere,  et  ei  canonica  jura 
clero  dictanti  formosorum  juvenimi  iiomensum  agmen 
assistere.  Audivit  etiam  ea  quae  proxime  digessimus 
eosdem  juvenes  ei  dixisse,  quaeque  retulimus  ab  eo  illis 
responsa  fuisse.  Quod,  ut  reor,  ea  de  re  viro  illi  Do- 
minus  patefieri  voluit,  quatenus  et  gloriam  transituri 
fideli  testimonio  commendaret,  et  ipse  ad  eandem 
gloriam  tanto  indicio  vehementius  anhelaret,  necnon 
antistes  quandoque  futurus  eam  suis  utpote  cognitam 
certius  praedicaret. 

^  Dei  .  .  omnium]  Domini  Jesa  I      '  atemaUter]  fletemnm,  S. 
.  .  onrni,  S.  |      '  wpra]  extra,  S. 


AUOTORE  EADMEBO.  219 

B.  p.  51.         Dunstanus   itaque  de  gaudio  Domini   sui  ac  de  im- i>aii8ton> 
^^     minente  sibi   setema   felicitate   secunis,  gratulabiindus  o^^^e  feut 
Osbeni,      in  Domino  Isetabatur,  et  spiritiiali  ad  omnes  jocunditate  ^^^^^ 
p.  121.       replebatur.     Jam  diumi  officii  hora  instabat,  et  pontifex,  Qoepei: 
illud  celebraturus,  festivus  ad  altare   processit.     Popu- 
lorum   turba^   quasi  Deitatis  instinctu^  ad  aliqidd  novi 
audiendum  solito  nnmerosior  advolans,  ecclesiae  parietes 
vix   multitudini    sufficientes   undique   complet.     Lecto 
igitur  ad  Missam  evangelio,  procedit  episcopus,  populo 
prsedicatums,  et  regente   cor   ejus  et  linguam   Spiritu 
Sancto^  locutus  est  qualiter  ante  nunquam  fiiit  locutus. 
Beversus  deinde  ad  altare   panem  et  vinum  in  Corpus 
et    Sanguinem    Jesu    Christi   immaculata   benedictione 
convertit.     TJbi  vero  ad   benedictionem  super  populum 
ventum  est,  iterum  populo  praadicaturus  ab   altari   di- and  before 

...  ,      .  the  bene- 

greditur,  et  debriatus  Spiritu  Dei  sic  de  veritate  Cor-  diction, 
poris    Cbristi,    sic    de    fiitura    resurrectione     et    vita 
perenni  tractavit,  ut  ipsius  perpetis  vitae  civem  loqui 
putares    si    personam    loquentis    agnitam^    prius    non 
haberes. 

Osbern,  39.  De  obitu  tamen  suo  mentionem  nullam  fecit  inter  He  does 

p.  122.  1  1  .         •11*1  •     •     1  •ii*  II  liot  men- 

loquendum,  pia  videlicet  animi  tenentudine  et   tenera  tion  his  . 
pietate  prseventus,  nolens   eis  tristitise  malum  duplica-  dLth. 
tum   ingerere,   quibus   diem   mortis   suae  judicabat-  in 
simplici  tristitise  malo  posse  sufficere.     Sermone   finito, 
altare    repetiit,    et    pontificalem    benedictionem    super  After  the 
populum  edidit.     Interea  nimium   mente  vulnerabatur,  hiTfeoe***^*^ 
metuens  videlicet  ne  carissimi  sui  quos  deserebat,  im-  that^f  In^ 
proviso  mortis  suae   jaculo   percussi,   atrocius    dolererit*° 
quam  si  antequam  ad  ictum  venirent  illud  praeviderent. 
XJnde  data  benedictione  tertio  populum  cunctis  stup^i- 
tibus   adiit.     Mox   autem  ut  os  ad  loquendimi  aperuit, 
tanta  daritate  vultus  ejus   resplenduit,  ut  in   toto   illo 
conventu  nemo  esset  qui  radios  oculorum  irreverberata 
acie  in  eum  figere  posset. 

1  agnitam]  oognitam,  S. 


220  VITA  SANCri  DUNSTANI 

te^wmdhia  *^'  ^^^  ®^8^  dulcedo,  qu83  suavitas,  quae  jocunditas  Osbern, 
^groaching  repleverit  corda  et  ora  cunctorum,  qm  prsesentes  qu8B  ^'  ^^' 
dicebantur  meruerunt  intelligere,  verbo  seu  scripto  ex- 
ponere  scio  nulli  esse  possibile.  Sed  ubi  servus  Dei 
instantem  sui  obitus  diem  detegere  coepit,  omnis  exul- 
tatio  moerore  concutitur,  et  tali  mcerore  ut  ipse  pater, 
qui  jam  gaudiis  peremubus  inserebatur.  motus  admi- 
randa  pietate  qua  prssditus  erat,  unus  de  mcBrentibus 
He  oomfqrtB  esse  videretuT.     Venun   tamen   iniecta  vi   spiritui   suo 

the  weeping  *'  * , 

people.  laciymans  lacrymantes  consolabatur,  dicens  inter  alia 
eos  nequaquam  debere  -  de  transitu  illius  dolere,  quern 
non  labor  aut  poena  sed  quies  et  gloria  perpes  exci- 
peret.  Dicebat  etiam  neminem  verse  caritatis  radice 
fundatum,  qui  magis  suum  temporale  conunodum  quam 
proximi  perpetuum  diligeret  emolumentum.^  Ad  firma- 
mentum  quoque  consolationis  ipsorum  promiait  in  spe 
gratise  misericordis  Dei,  quod,  licet  illis  corpore  absens 
fieret,  nunquam  tamen  eis  prsesentia  spiritus  sui  abes- 
set.  Finitis  hujuscemodi  dictis,  commendavit  omnes 
Christo,  et  demum  illis  adhuc  gloriosum  vultum  ejus 
desiderantibus  ad  mensam  Domini  vitam  suam  epula- 
He  marks  turus  asceudit.  Ipsa  die  cum  a  mensa  sumpto  cibo 
his  burial,  surrexissct,  venerando  suorum  coetu  stipatus,  oratorium 
petiit,  designatoque  loco  in  quo  sepeliri  volebat,  sepul- 
crum  sibi  prseparari  prsecepit.  Inde  jam  languor  sacri 
corporis  artus  invadit,  et  sua  Dunstanus  invalida  mem- 
He  takes  to  bra  quieti  tradit.  Itaque  sexta  sequenti  feria  lecto 
decumbit,  et  incessabUi  mentis  devotione  Deo  intentus, 
omnes  adventantes  ad  sectanda  vestigia  Jesu  Christi 
incitabat. 

TheSatur-  41.  Sic  dies  ille  defluxit  et  laboris  Dunstani  ultimus, 
beateeque  quietis  primus  dies  illuxit.  Confluit  derus 
et  populus  omnis,  trepidi  prsestolantes  eventum  quem 
de  se  prsedixerat  pastor  communis.     Et  jam  Dunstanus 


^  diligeret  emoiumetUum]  om.  S. 


AUCrORE   EADMEBO.  221 

gaudium  Domini  sui  intrare  avidus,  horam  angelica 
sibi  visitatione  pnedictam,  Corpore  Cbristi  saginatus 
et  Sanguine  Uetus  exspectabat. 


222 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


There  are 
daily  evi* 
dencesof 
his  power. 


He  fore- 
knew the 
troubles 
that  were 
coming  on 
SDgland. 


There  is  still 
hope  for  the 
land  from 
his  influence 
in  heaTon. 


et  usque  hodie  fieri  a  monachis  ipsius  circa  sacratissi* 
mum  corpus  ejus  conspicimus.  Quotidie  namque  de 
suis  necessitatibus  tarn  corporis  quam  animi  levamen 
desiderantes,  illuc  currunt,  et  sicut  a  piissimo  patre 
inter  eos  corporaliter  conversaute  suffi-agia  petunt.  Ut 
autem  justse  petitionee  alicujus  eo  fusse  inefficaces 
existant,  et  miracula  quae  post  haec  de  multis  pauca 
scribimus,  et  ipsi  qui  ejus  beneficia  experiuntur  singulis 
diebus/ penitus  negant. 

Non  ergo  dubitandum  hsec  ilium  ante.obitum  suumAdelard, 
prsescisse,  et  idcirco  se  suis  spiritu  afiuturum  promi-  QgbOT 
sisse,  bisque  de  causis  corpus  suum  inter  eos  pietate  p*  1^7. 
plenus  voluisse  potissimum  poni.  Miseriam  pr^terea 
quse  post  decessum  ejus  Angliam  totam  involvit  et 
involvendo  pessundedit^  satis  est  in  chronicis  et  in 
nostris  tribulationibus  me  tacente  videre.  Unde  cur 
quid  inde  scribam  non  video,  quoniam  sine  omni  lit- 
tera  res  ipsa  evidens  est,  ut  veras  miserias  non  pos- 
sit  ibi  cemere  nemo.  Finis  illarum  quis  vel  quando 
sit  eventurus  ignoro,  sed  tantum  procul  dubio  ignorare 
non  queo,  quod  omnia  quae  fecit  nobis  Deus  in  vero 
judicio  fecit,  quia  peccavimus  Ei  et  mandatis  Ejus  non 
obedivimus.  Quapropter  quid  aliud  dicatur  aut  aga- 
tur,  vis  enim  humana  et  consilium  omne  sublatum  est, 
non  intelligo,  nisi  ut  humiliato  corde  rogetur  Deus 
Qui  nos  contrivit,  quatenus  det  gloriam  nomini  Suo,  et 
faciat  nobiscum  secundum  multitudinem  misericordiae 
Suae,  ac  per  merita  et  intercessiones  beatissimi  patris 
nostri  Dunstani,  qui  haec  eventura  praedixit,  eruat  nos 
in  mirabilibus  Suis.  Quod  sive  Tu,  bone  Domine  et  pie 
omnipotens  Deus,  aliquando  propter  immensam  ndseri- 
cordiam  Tuam  feceris,  sive  propter  inscrutabilem  justi- 
tiam  Tuam  minime  feceris,  sit  nomen  Tuum,  Deus 
Israel,  benedictum  in  saecula.    Amen. 

Explicit  vUa  beati  Dunsta/rd  archiqpiscopi  Cantv/a- 
rieTisid, 


AUCTOBE  EADHEBO. 


iNdPIUNT   qUXDAM.  DE   MIRACULIS   QU^    roEH   PATEB 
MUMDO   EXEMPTUS  rECIT    IN   MUNDO.* 


224  MIRACULA  SANCn  DUNSTANI 

T^Me      minerant    diu    ab    omni    corporis    egestate    protectas ;  Oabem, 
procedunt  ergo  ad  sepulcmm  sancti^  et  inter   orandum  ^' 
lucem  quam  petebarit  una  recipiunt,  magnumque  gau- 
dium  in  populos  exinde  spargunt. 

A  rich  priest      4.  Prsedivcs  Quidam  presbyter  et  inter  ^  suos  nobilis,  Osbcrn, 

IS  persuaded  x  m.  */  '       .    _ 

fer    Paralytico  ^OTho  percussus,  totius  corporis  usum   ami-  P-      • 
g^wt»nj»    serat.     Hie  ab  amicis  suasus  ut  se  ad  requiem   patns 
cured  of  the  Dunstani  transferri  permitteret,  renuit  primo,  indignum 
videlicet   sibi   fore   superba   mente   existimans,  si   ipse 
nobilis  ac  dives,  turba  admixtus,*  Dimstanum  pro  adi- 
piscenda   sanitate*   requireret.     Verum   cum  ingraves- 
cente    languore    seipsum    ferre    non    posset,    adquievit 
voluntati  suorum  atque  ad   corpus  sancti  delatus  est; 
ubi  die  postera  gravi  molestia  defatigatus,  sensit  quen-  Osbern, 
dam  per  corpus  suum  quasi  manum  hac  et  iliac  ducere  P*  ^^' 
et  singulas  membrorum  suorum  juncturas   consolidare. 
Confestim   sanatus   exsiliens   stetit,    sublimi    voce    Dei 
He  is  cured.  Filium  in  famulo  Suo  Dunstano,  et  Dunstanum  in  Do- 
mino suo  Dei  Filio  benedicens ;  exinde   in  sua  gaudens 
hilarisque  reversus,  post  aliquot  dies  grande  conviviujn 
fecit,  volens  vicinos  et  amicos  *  de  reddita  sibi  sanitate 
At  the  feast  coneratulari.     At    ipsis   inter    epulas    exultantibus,    ac 

held  in  com-  °  ,  ^  ,  ..    . 

m^»tion  Deum  omnipotentem,  potentes  non  abjicientem,  sed  cum 
he  speaks     mitibus  atouc  pauperibus  eis  quoque   Suam   misericor- 

oontemp-  ^  i        r      r  t.^     ^^ 

oiSJn^tan  ^°^  confcrentcm,  in  voce  laudis  simplici  spiritu  exal- 
agaSaSd'*  ^^^n^bus,*  turbatus  ille  an  se  pauperibus  annumerarent 
^^^  tumide  quserit,  et  subdens,  "  Si  me,"  inquit,  "  per  Dun- 

''  stanum  more  pauperum  sanatum  putatis,  non  est 
"  verum,  propterea  quod  pari  modo  mihi  sanitas  pro- 
"  venisset  si  Dimstanus  non  fuisset."  Necdum  plene 
dicendi  finem  fecerat,  et  ecce  pristino  languore  acerrime 
percussus,  in  voces  miserandas  miser  erupit,  et  infelix 
ultimum  continuo  flatum  emisit.  Metus  igitur  et  vene- 
ratio  multorum  erga  locum  famuli  Dei  excrevit,  et  ex 


I 


*  inter]  in,  Q. 

^  admixtiu']  miztufl,  Q. 

>  sanitate^  salute,  Q. 


^  mcinos  et  amicos']    vicinis    et 
amicifl,  Q. 
'  exaitantibus']  exoltantibos,  Q. 


AUCTORE  EADMERO. 


225 


OBbem, 
p.  138. 


Osbern, 

pp.     133y 

134. 


remotis   partibus   multi   illuc   confluebant,  turn  gratiaooreofa 
recuperandsB  corporese  sanitatis,  turn  ut  per  eius  merita  whoroT^ 
mererentur  liberan  a  siiis  peccatis.     Inter  nos   luvems  and  a 
quidam,  vultu  iormaque   decorus,  suorum  numens   ad- 
vehitur,   pedum   quidem   officio    penitu^   earens,   atque 
a  nativitate  mutus  existens,  incurviis  scapulis  jam  im- 
decim   amus    sursum    nequibat  a&picere.     Hie    itaque^ 
mox  ubi  sepulcnim  viri  sanctissimi  ^  attigit,  in  pedibus 
constitit,  et  erecto  capite  linguam  in  laudem  Dei  laxa- 
vit,   excelsa  voce   damans^   "Gloria   in   excelsis  Deo, 
"  Alleluya,"  sicque  ex  integro  sanus  sua  ketus  revisit. 

5.  Turbae  ad  sepulcnim  beati  pontifids  confluenti  mis-  a  poor 
cuit    se    qudBdam    paupercula   mulier    ferens    in   ulnis  bnnga  her 

1  x?T  -1  1.    •  J-  15.      little  blind 

parvulam   nliam  quam  in   lucem  nujus   mundi   profu- dauKhterto 

J       X  T        1.    'x  -1.  £T  •    thetomb. 

derat  csecam.     Incubuit  ergo   precibus   pro  nlise   sospi- 
tate,  et  plures  dies  in  hoc  quasi  vane '  consumpti  sunt. 
Implorat  &atres    ecclesiae  et   eos   precum   suaxum    ad- 
jutores  efficit.     Orant   sanctum   in   commune  quatenus 
solita  benignitate  subveniat  afflictaB  foeminse.     Tandem 
dedma  die   coepit  puella  videre,  et  in   gremio   matris 
recubans    dixit   ei,  "Mater,  mater,   qusenam    sunt   istaon  the  tenth 
"  quae   conspicio  ? "     Ait,*   "  Vides,   filia  ? "     Eespondit,  reoovera  her 
"  Homo  quidam  forma  decorus  mihi   astitit  et  ut  hsec^ 
"  speciosa*  qusB   coram  video   considerarem   prsBcepit." 
Bes   itaque    per   totam    ecclesiam    statim   innotuit,^  ac 
per   magnum   Dunstanum   Sua   opera  Christum   reno- 
vasse,  in^   illuminata  cseca  nata   confluens    multitudo 
intonuit.®    Hujus   facti  puram®  veritatem  quidam   ad- 
dificere   cupientes,  poma   per  pavimentum  jadunt,  ex- 
periri  volentes  an  ea  more  parvulorum  puella  insequens 
directo  ^®  gressu  comprehendere  posset.     Ula  post  rotan- 


1  sancHsaimi]  beatissimi,  Q. 

3  clamanB']  prodamans,  Q. 
>  v<Me]  vani,  Q. 

4  Alt']  ilia,  iiiB.  Q. 
*  spectMo]  om.  Q. 


^  itaUm  innohdt']  patait,  Q. 

'  m]  om.  Q. 

^  inUmuit']  innotuit,  Q. 

•  puram]  om.  Q. 

*"  directo]  recto,  Q. 

P 


226  MIRACULA  SANCTI  BUNSTANI 

She  nins      tia  poma  ^  matemo  gremio  desilit,  et  arreptis  illis  ad  Osbern, 
apples.        matrem  alacris  redit;  patuit  ergo  quod  oculi,  qui  prius^*  ^^' 
sine  luce  patebant,  jam  luce  perfusi,  qua©  coram  erant 
dare  videbant. 
Cure  of  the       6.  Anus  quasdam   visum   quem  perdiderat  in  juven-  Osbern, 
man  who     tute  rccuperare  desiderans  in  senectute,  perducta  est  ad  135^^**' 
guide.:        memoiiam  prseclari  Dunstani.     Ibi  precibus  dediia  sed 
nihil  remedii   consecuia,  ad   sua  unde  venerat   regredi 
coepit.     Et  ecce  asoenso   fluminis  ponte,  ductor  ipsius 
ab  ea  diffugiens^  solam  reliquit.     Anxiata  itaque  spi- 
ritu  clamavit  dicens,  "Ah!   Dunstane,  Dimstane,  quaija 
"  vane,  immo  quam  malo  meo  ad  te  veni.    Quaesitum  a 
"  te  lumen  nequaquam  obtinui,  et  vaa  miserse,'  lumen 
"  quo  in  meo   ductore  fruebar,  per   te    amisi."     Dixit, 
et  e  vestigio  quosdam   homines  per  pontem  ligna-  ges- 
tantes    apertis    oculis   vidit;    hos    comitata    redit   qua 
venerat,  et  quae  secum  Dei  pietas  per  beatimi  virum 
sit*  operata  palam*  cunctis  edixit. 


Cure  of  7.  Teuto  quidam,  Clemens  nomine,  demens  actione,  ab  Osbem, 

Clement***"  * 

possessed 

German. 


Clement  the       .  ,      ,  i       .    .-        1    •  •    n   ISS 

possessed     episcopo  suo  pro  cnmmc   pravaa  voluptatis  et  inmiams  ^'  ****** 


arrogantiae  sententia  excommunicationis  mulctatus  fae- 
rat.  In  interitu  ergo  camis  Sathanae  traditus  per 
septem  annos  sine  loco  manens,  seu  per  diversa  terra- 
rum  spatia  perdito  sensu  discurrens,  coypore  toto  tre- 
mebat.  Hie  tandem  ad  sepulcrum  patris  Dunstani 
pertractus,  in  nocte  purificationis  beataa  Mariae  ad 
inceptionem  responsorii  "  videte  miraculum "  subito  ex- 
siliit,  daemonem  quo  tenebatur  multo  cum  cruore  evo- 
muit,  ac  sic  sanissimus  effectus  ab  onmi  laesione  tanti 
flagelli  dum  vixit  immunis  permansit. 
SSJoMthe  Alfwordus®  nomine  vir  erat  cognomine  Longus,  per 
long.  triginta  annonmi  spatia  contractis  membris  per  terram 


>  poma]  mala,  Q. 

3  diffugima]  defogiens,  Q. 

'  mUer<B]  mlhi,  ins.  Q. 


*  heeUum  virum  sit]  Dnnfitanam 
e8t,Q. 
^  paktm']  om.  Q. 
^  Alfivordtu']  Alwardas,  Q. 


Osbern, 
p.  135. 


AUCTORE   EADMERO. 


227 


reptans.  Hie  a  piissimo  patre  Dunstano  mirabiliter 
curatus,  omnium  ora  in  Dei  laudem  et  ex  insolita  sui 
proceritate  vultus  et  voces  quonunque  vertit  in  admi- 
rationem.  # 


■ 


Osbern, 
pp.  135, 
136. 


Osbern, 
p.  137. 


8.  UnuB   alter  homo   carens  unius  pedis  officio,  loro  a  lawman 
astrictum  liCTieum  sibi  cms  et  pedem  creaverat.    HuicgotoDun- 

T^  •  •  Tfc        X  .   ^  ..      J  sfam's tomb. 

Dei  amicus  Dunstanus,  per  visum   apparens,  suasit  ad 
locum   SU2B   quietis  accedere,  pollioens   eum  illic  sani- 
tatem   recuperare.^    Hie   visioni   credens   locum   petiit, 
pro  poUicita  sibi   sanitate   precibus  institit,  sicque   per 
plures    dies    orans,   sed  nihil    remedii    sentiens,   tsedio 
simul  et  desperatione   affectus  loco  discessit,'  ad  locum  Betuming 
de  quo  venerat  reverti   desiderans.     Jam  medium  visBhemeet« 
peregerat,  et  ecce   beatus  Dunstanus   homini  occurrens 
inquirit  unde  venerit  vel  quo  vadat.     Refert  iUe  se  ad 
tumbam  Dunstani  causa  recuperandse  sanitatis   perrex- 
isse,  sed  quia  exaudiri.  non   meruit  spe   firustrata   do-     * 
mum  redire.     Ait,  ''Ego   sum  Dunstanus,  qui  tibi    per 
visum  dixi  quod   in   basilica  Salvatoris,  ubi  quiesco,  wbo  toils 

■■•  '  -i.  '  him  that  he 

neres   sanus.     Verum   te   ibi   in    oratione   prostratojuuibeen 

■*^  busy.  Mid 

adesse  nequivi,  necessariis   quibusdam  filiorum  meo- bids  him 

.    .1  .        .    .  .  ..  •    •     1  return  on  a 

rum  inibi  mihi  obsequentium  negotiis  alibi  detentus.  certain  day. 
Siquidem  JSlfricus,*   qui   Bata    cognominatur,   eccle- 
"  siam  Christi  voluit  exhaeredare.    Sed  me  obsistente* 
malam  voluntatem  suam  non  potuit  ad  effectum  per- 
ducere.     Nunc   igitur  redi,  et   ilia  die    et   hora   ex- 
perieris    prsesentiam    meam   recepta   sospitate   quam  He  obeys 
promisi."     Regreditur  ille,  prsedictoque   sibi   tempore  beaied. 
sanus  effectus  magnum  gaudium  intulit  dero  et  civibus. 

9.  Dies  qui  est  nono  kalendas  Septembres  festus  habe-  ^»**g*y  , 
batur  Cantuariag  in  honorem  beati  Audoeni  confessoris  day.' 
Christi,   necnon    aliorum    sanctorum   quorum    reliquiae 
requiescunt   in   ipsa   ecclesia  Ejusdem   Domini  Christi. 
Ad  hanc  itaque  festiviiatem  inter  alios  qusedam  mente 


<c 


ti 


€t 


<( 


<t 


<t 


« 


(€ 


(t 


^  reevperare]  recaperatnmm,  Q. 
'  ditceMgif]  decessit,  Q. 


'  JBlfricus'}  ElforiciiB,  Q. 
*  obsUtente]  obstante,  Q. 

p  2 


228  MIRACULA  SANCri  DUNSTANI 

A  maiden     et  corpore  virgo,  quam  matemus  uterus  csecam  ediderat  Osbem, 
her  birth     huic   mundo,  orandi   gratia  venit.     Hsbc   ad   noctumas  ^"  ^  ' 

reoeives  .  . 

her  sight,  vigilias  tumbsB  gloriosi  Dunstani  prsesens,  dum  respon- 
sorium  "  Sint  lumbi  vestri  praecincti "  in  choro  cantare- 
tur,  defiicare  sibi  oculorum  sedes  gravi  pruritu  titil- 
lantes  acrius  coepit,  et  defluente  undatim  sanguine, 
statim  ex  insperato  visum  gratiosa  recepit;  hinc  popu- 
lorum  concursus  in  fletum  prse  gaudio,  monachorum 
chorus  concitatur  ad  Deum  glorificandum  in  voce  laudis 
ac  jubilo. 

rfs^^to®        10.  Gloriosa  gloriosorum  Petri  et  Pauli  dies  passionis  Osbem, 
and  8.  Paul,  instabat,  et  mulier  una  filiam  suam  jam  pene  adultam  ^  ^^^' 
ad  ecclesiam  Jesu  Christi  Cantuarias  secimi  adduxerat. 
Ipsa  namque  puella,  contractis  et  deflexis   a  cervice  in 
gibbum   humeris,  digitis   quoque   in  volam  reflexis,  ita 
ut   ungues    crescendo    transita    cute    et    came    nervis 
a^rmed  hsererent,    sibi^  vix  tolerabilis,   prsestabat  se   pie  intu- 
Eeaied.        entibus  magnam   materiam    compassionis  et  affectuosse 
pietatis.     Hanc  mater  sepulcro  boni  Dunstani  applicuit, 
et   utrseque  procidentes  unanimiter  sibi  sanctum  mise- 
reri   postulavere;    dictis  vesperis   in  vigilia  ipsius   fes- 
tivitatis,  precibus  *  incubuerunt  et  ante  solis  occubitum 
sanitatem  juvenculae  anus  et  ipsa  perfecte  obtinuerunt. 
Quid   laudum,  quid   gratiarum,  quid   votorum  Domino 
Christo  Ejusque  Dunstano   hinc  a   confluenti   multitu- 
dine  persolutum  sit,  quis  describet? 
A  noble  lady      11.  Item  matrona^  quaedam  nobilis  oratum  veniens  ad  Osbem, 

bnngsa  ,  ,         ,  ,  -.   140 

J«»©  child  memoriam  ssepe  nominati*  pontificis  parvulum,  quem*^ 
It  is  healed.'  stupentibus  nervis  claudum  genuerat,  coram  se  fecit 
deferri.  Ilia  igitiu*  circa  sepulcrum  sancti  prostrata 
orationi,  parvulus,  longiuscule  in  pavimento  ecdesise 
situs,  porno  quod  ludens  inter  manus  versabat  inten- 
debat.  Et  ecce  subito  de  manibus  infantis  poi^ium 
dilabitur,  et  usque  ad  tumulum  viri  Dei  rotando   per- 


>  sUn]  sibiqae,  Q. 
'  precibus]  om.  Q. 


'  tnatrona]  om.  Q. 

*  nominati']  memorati|  Q. 


■ 


AUCTOBE  EADMERO.  229 

vehitur;  quod  puer  aspiciens  et  pomum  perdere  nolens,  The  cMd 

1  ...  11      1  i»  •       X  ruin  after 

sese  ui  pedes,  ac  si  pnus  m  nullo  Isbsus  nusset,  con-  an  aivpie. 
tinuo^  misit,  directo  gressu  pomum  insequens  appre- 
hendit;  itaque  matrem  Isetabundus  et  incolumis  adit, 
amplectitur  et  alludit.  In  quas  ergo  lacrymamm  in- 
undationes  matrona  prsB  nimio  gaudio  cordis  erupit, 
quasve  voces  concurrens  •  ad  rem  tam  mirabilem  turba 
in  gratiarum  actiones  emiserit,  pietas  facti  intelligere 
quenquam  docebit. 

Osbern,         12.  Huic  facto  pie  in  puerulo  ^  facto  aliud  pietatis  opus  Before 
p.  140.       ipsius  piissimi  patris  in  pueris  ecclesiae  factum  annectere  it  was  usual 
placuit.    Instabat  festa  dies  Nativitatis  Christi.     Moris  in  the 

.  ...    inonasteiy 

autem  antiquitus  fuerat  in  monasterio  ipso,  quinto  <^i®*<*^__^ 
ante  festum,  pueros  qui  in  scbolis  sub  disciplina  coerce- 
bantur  gravibus  et  immoderatis  verberibus  cruciari,  qui 
cruciatus  miseris  non  pro  commissis  sed  pro  usu  infere- 
batur,*  et  ea  re  nullo  modo  evadere  poterant,  nisi  ssevi- 
tiam  magistrorum.  deliniret  irrefragabilis  intercessio 
advocatorum.  Igitur  vice  quadam  in  tantam  iracundiam 
ma^tri  contra  pueros  uno  assensu  exarserunt,  ut  omnis  Thexnasten 

,  were  in- 

advocatorum   supplicatio,  omnis   omnium    fiisa  pro  eis  ciined  to  be 

,  ,    ,  very  severe. 

intercessio,  nihil  ad  sedandum  conceptum  furorem  pro- 

ficere  ^  potuit.     Quid   miseri   agerent^  quo    se   verterent 

ignorabant.     Unicum   refiigium   supererat,  pietatem  pii  The  boys 

Dunstani  interpellare.     Jam  prsevia  nefandse  crudelita-  &un8tan« 

tis   nox    inhorruerat,  cum   ecce  !  pius  pater  uni  puero- 

rum  in  somno  ^  assistens  blanda  affabilitate,  cur  ipse  et 

socii  ejus  tacito  moerore   affligerentur   interrogat.     Ipse 

quis  esset  qui  secum  loquebatur  ignorans,  perfusus  laciT-  who  appears 

mis,  quomodo  magistrorum  furor  in  se  sme  ullo  respectu  them. 

misericordise  conspiraverit  enarrat.     At  iUe  "  Ne  time- 

**  atis"  ait,  "ego   enim   sum   Dunstanus   pater   vester, 


^  cofitifttto]  om.  Q. 

^  conewrrefu]  accuTens,  Q> 

*  pneru/b]  parmlo,  Q. 


^  inferebatur^  inferebantor,  Q. 
*  aomno']  somnis,  Q. 


230 


MIBACULA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


Hois 

offended  at 
the  burial 
of  the  child 
of  Harold. 


He  promiaeB  "  quem  voMs  auxiliari  postulastis :  consideravi  magis-  Osbern, 
"  tromm  vestrortun  indiscreiam  et  impiam  iram,  et  P*  ^^^' 
« intuitus  sum  graadem  necessitatem  vestram :  ne  for- 
"  midetis,  quia  adero  ^  vobis  et  nihil  mali  habebitis. 
"  Hodiema  itaque  *  liberatio  vestra  sit  tibi  pro  signo,  ut 
"  ex  mea  parte  dicas  custodibus  ecclesi^  quatenus  atife- 
"  rant  foetidum  cadaver »  filii  Haroldi,  quod  quorundam 
"  odiosa  mibi  adulatio  juxta  me  sepelivit,  et  hoe  quidem 
"  eo  molestius  fero  quod  animam  ipsius  pueri,  quoniam 
"  renata  non  fuit,  damnatam  esse  non  nescio  ;  si  ergo 
"  ablatum  in  proximo  non  fiierit,  noverint  quia  post  non 
"  multum  temporis  grave  dispendium  pro  hoc  ecclesia 
"  tota  subibit."  Ad  hsec  puer  evigilans  et  quid  audierit  * 
mente  pertractans,  inter  spem  et  formidinem  medius 
fluctuabat.  Jam  aurora,  id  est  hora  tremenda/  adve- 
nerat,  cum  magistri  flagris  taureis  et  nodatis  corrigiis 
armati  locis  sibi  opportimis  pueros  illo  transituros 
prsestolabantur  ;  sed  malivolos  illos  subito  gravissimus 
sopor  simul  involvit,  et  qui  pueros  per  medium  illorum 
transeuntes  *  retineret  vel  in  aliquo  laederet  nullus  fuit. 
Hinc  magistros  non  ssevitia  qua  fervebant  contra  inno- 
centes,  sed  ipsorum  innocentium  cantus  et  congratulatio 
a  somno  excitavit®;  et  alta  dies.  Confusus  ergo  quod 
effectum  ssevitise  suae,  a  qua  nuUius  prece  discedere^ 
passi  sunt,  dormiendo  perdiderant,  sero  doluerunt.  Puer 
igitur,  cui  pius  pater  apparuerat,  re  ipsa  sciens  Dun- 
stanum  esse  quem  viderat,  custodibus  ecclesisa  de  aspor- 
Swk*^*^  tando  foetenti  cadavere  innotuit  quae  audierat.  At  illi 
chmSh  who  parvipendentes  dicta  adolescentis,  monita  et  minas  beati 
disregalii  it.  pontifids  sBque  sprevcrunt ;  undo  post  haec  a  quibusdam 
religiosis  ipsius  ecdesise  monachis  ipse  pater  nonnun- 
quam  loco  decedere  visus  est.    A  quibus  cum  detinere- 


When  the 
time  for 
whipping 
came  the 
masten 
were  asleep. 


The  boy 
carries  the 


I 

I 


1  quia  adero]  om.  Q. 

^  itaque]  om.  Q. 

'  cadaver]  om.  Q. 

*  quid  audierit]  quod  audierat,  Q. 


Q. 


^  iUorum  transeuntes]  transitaroe, 


«  exeitatrit]  ezeitabat,  Q. 
7  discedere]  decedere,  Q. 


AUCTOBE  £ADM£RO. 


231 


Oibem, 
p.  141. 


Osbern, 
p.  142. ' 


tur  et  quamobrem  discederet  ^  interrogaretur^  se  foetorem 
paganse  carnis  et  quomadam  nequam  hominum  iniqui- 
tates  illo  in  loco  diutius  tolerare  non  posse  responde- 
bat ;  "  sed  hsec,"  inquit,  "  si-  citius  emendata  non  fiierint, 
"  preedioo  contestans  quod  tota  dvitas  et  ecelesia  meritas 
"  exinde*  poenas  in  proximo  solvet."  Quae  verba  rei 
Veritas  subsecuta  declaravit  esse  vera.  Nam  non  multis 
post  hsBc  diebus  elapsis,  civitas  et  tota  ecdesia  cum 
oj£cinis  servorum  Dei  igne  consumpta  est.  In  qua 
tamen  conflagratione  magna  misericordia  et  intercessione 
pii  Dunstani  actum  est,  ut  duse  domus,  sine  quibus 
fratres  esse  non  poterant,  illaedee  ab  incendio  remanerent ; 
refectoriujn,  videlicet,'  et  dormitorium  cum  claustris  quae 
appendebant.  Dehinc  sedificata  est  domus  non  adeo 
grandis  super  locum  quietis  beati  viri,  et  in  ea  circa 
sacnmi  corpus  ejus  missse  cum  reliquo  servitio  Dei 
quotidie  fiebant.  Ipse  vero  pater  suae  pietatis  non 
immemoT,  eis  qui  sua  ope  subventum  iri  postula- 
bant  Clemens  aderat,  et  quam  petebant  ppem  largiter 
tribuebat. 

13.  Nam  quidam  sibi  ipsi^  a  renibus  et  deorsum  pene 
inutilis  duobus  baculis  pro  pedibus  utebatur.*  Hie  ad  ® 
tumbam  viri  Dei  sexta  feria  ante  diem  Fascbae  per- 
veniens,  humi  prostratus  sanctum  sibi  misereri  intenta 
mente  lacrymosa  voce  poposdt.  Quid  moror?  subse- 
quenti  nocte  Dominicae  resurrectionis,  dum  sub  specie 
triiun  muUerum  in  sepulcro  quaereretur  corpus  Domini 
SalvatoriSy  idem  claudus  personantibus  nervis  suis 
extendit  se,  et  erectus  in  pedibus  constitit  sanus  et 
rectus.  Metus  ac  veneratio  invasit  nos  hoc  videntes,^  ac 
ut  dignum  fuit  pro  tali  facto  dignas  Deo  persolvimus  ^ 
laudes. 


Dmuttan 
appears  and 
foretellB 
the  destruc- 
tion of  the 
church. 


The  church 
is  burned, 
and  only  the 
refectory, 
dormitory, 
and  cloisters 
remain. 


A  cripple  is 
healed  on 
Qood 
Friday. 


^  dUcederei]  decederet,  Q. 

>  exinde]  inde,  Q. 

'  ffideHcei]  om.  Q. 

^  tpst]  ipse,  Q. 

s  uUhatxr]  uteretnr,  Q. 


>  ad]  om.  Q. 

<  Metua  .  .  vidtKtea]  om.  Q. 
B  perwMmus]  persolvit,  Q.,  as  a 
correction  for  persolTimus. 


232  MRACULA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

Jjj^^o         14.  Inter  hujusmodi  veneranda   venerandi   pontifids  Osbern, 

an?arriv£  ^^^^  Lanfrancus  Cadomensis   coenobii   abbas,  vir  prae-  P-  ^*** 

bu^Dfttie  ^^^^^   sapientia    pollens,    Cantuariensem    pontificatum 

Augurt;      regendum  suscepit.     Qui  more  electi  antistitis  Cantua- 

riam  xviiin^o  kalendas  Septembres  veniens,  susceptus  est 

a  clero    et   populo   sieut  patrem  tantse  sedis  et  virum 

ingentis  fiainse  suscipi  sequum  erat.^     Hie  adepta  ponti- 

ficali  benedictione,   quam   quarto   kalendas  Septembres 

2OT?tei  on  CantuariflB    suscepit,    ecclesiam    Salvatoris,  quam   cum 

AuiSrtiwo  prsefatum  incendium  tum  vetustas  inutilem  fecerat,  fiin- 

ditus    destruere    et*   augustiorem    construere   cupiens, 

jussit  corpora  sanctorum,  quae  in  orientali  parte  ipsius 

ecclesise   humata   erant,    in   occidentalem    partem,    ubi 

memoria   beatse   Dei   genitricis    et   perpetuae  Virginis' 

Marise  Celebris  habebatur,  demutari.     Quamobrem  cele- 

Hepreimrefl  brato  triduano   ieiunio,  sub  innumera  hominum  multi- 

to  translate  **  **  '  ... 

and  bl»i*    ^^^inc  Icvata  sunt  corpora  pretiosissimorum  pontificum 
new  church.  Christi  Duustaui  atquc  JSlfegi ;  jam  transferebantur  ad 

destinatum  locum  sepultursa,  et  omnium  ora  personabant 

in  Domini  laude.* 
on^ day       Interea  duo  milites  archiepiscopi,  rupta  constipatione  Osbexn, 
tion  two      consertae   multitudinis,   coram    feretro    beati   Dunstani,  P*  ^*^" 

knightB  who  ... 

hadkiUeda  terrsB  procumbunt,  misericordiam   et    indulsrentiam  per 

nephew  of  ,     *     ,  ,    ,  ,  ^  *■ 

the  abbot  of  mcrita  cjus  sibi  ab  abbate  Sancti  Augustini,  Scotlando* 

h"id"^h    ^^^^^^^^j  ^®  morte  nepotis  ejus,  quem  nuper  ocaderant, 

aaktor"**     darf   postulautcs.     Dcucgat    abbas,    denegant^    quoque 

the  abbo?  fr^^^'^s  defuncti .  qui  astabant ;  jungunt  alii  preces  suas 

'8'^>«*-       precibus  militum,  sed  in  vanum.     Neque  enim  illos  aut 

reverentia  sancti  aut  supplicans  multitudo  ad  miseren- 

dum  flectere  potuit.    At  pius  Dunstanus  non  sic  ^  auditu 

difficilis,  surdam   ab   infantia^  mulierem    ipsa  hora  se 

requirentem®  exaudivit,  et  ei  coram  omnibus  auditum 


1  eraf]  est,  Q. 

^  et]  in,  ins.  Q. 

'  «f  .  .  VirgiruM]  om.  Q. 

^  lauds]  landem,  Q. 

*  Scotlando]  Scollando,  Q. 


^  daiegant]  denegabant,  Q. 
7  Dunstantu  mm  aic]  non  adeo,  Q. 
"  infantia]  paellam,  ins.  Q. 
*  reqidreHiem]  qaaerentem,  Q> 


ATJCfTOBE  EABMEBO.  233 

Osbern,      integerrimum  reddidit.     Itaque  sacratissima  corpora  de-  Theabbot 
^'  ceniissiine   tiimulata   stmt,    et    dies   totus   festivus,   ac  ftjarming 

exeepta  obstinatione  abbatis,  gaudio  plenus  efiiilsit.  fouowing 
Sed  gaudium  quod  ipsa  dies  diminutiun  habuit,  crastina 
duplicatum  obtinuit,  siquidem  abbas  idem,  in  sua  perti- 
Eiacia  rigidus,  uocte  sequenti  cum  suis  nepotibus  coram 
se  quendam  reverendi  habitus  sacerdotem  irato  vultu 
stare  coospexit,  et  quibusdam  teterrimis  hominibus,  in 
medio  camerse  in  qua  jacebant/  miree  magnitudinis 
cacabum  supposito  igne  succendentibus,  prsBcipere  audi- 
vit,  quatenus  illos  simul  ligatos  in  candQntem  cacabum 
sine  miseratione  comburendos  prsecipitarent ;  percunc- 
tantibus  quare  tam  crudeli  poense  subjici  deberent,  re-- 
spondetur,  "propterea  quod  vos,  furoris  igne  succensi, 
"  mortem  vestri  germani  noluistis  perdonare*  propter 
"  amorem  et  reverentiam  domini  Dunstam."  His  dictis 
rapiuntur  ad  ignem.  At  illi  nimia  anxietate  constricti 
miserandas  voces  emittunt,  et  se  quam  citius  possent 
ad  requiem  sancti  venturos  eiunque  super  illata  injuria 
digna  satisfactione  honoraturos  devovent;  solummodo 
eos  ab  imminenti  miseria  sua  gratia'  liberet.  Ad  hsec 
tetri  ministri  nutu  sacerdotis  exterriti  ^  cum  suis  ignibus 
disparuerunt.    Nee  dum  splendor  solis  abegerat  tenebras  EAriyinthe 

..  1  -I  J.'       J  •  1  1    •    morning  be 

noctis,  cum  ecce  abbas  stipatus  suis  sepulcro  patns  comes  to  the 
assistens,  monachos  ecclesise  citato  accurrere  sibique  and jMrdons 
succurrere  flebilis  orat.  Accurrunt  illi,  et  audita  serie 
rei  dignis  laudibus  extoUunt  Deum  in  mentis  gloriosi 
famuli  Sui.  Indulgetur  ergo  reis  militibus  mors  defuncti, 
et  redeunt  in  sua  Isetantes,  prius  tamen  homines  pii 
patris  Dunstani  effecti. 

15.  Alio  tempore  idem  abbas  in  vigilia  festivitatis  ejus-  StothaS 
dem  nobilissimi  patris  forte  in  viridario  suo  vespertina  !jji^'*  ^ 
hora  sedebat.    Dum  itaque  cum  considentibus  confabu- 
laretur,  in  ecdesia  Domini  Salvatoris,  in  qua  quiescit 

'  jaeebatW]  jacebat,  Q.  |       '  sua  grtHid]  om.  Q. 

^  perdonare]  remittere,  Q.  |       *  exterriti]  deterriti,  Q. 


284  MIRACULA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

HoMs       venerabile  corpus  ipsius  beati  sacerdotis,  ad  noctumas 

coming  to    vigilias  omnes^campanse  pro  usu  lod  simul  puLsari  coe- 

thewe o?   P^^'    Tunc  abbas,  erectis  ad  ^  coelum  oculis,  vidit  ingen- 

his  festiTai.  tem  splendorcm  inde  super  ecclesiam  ipsam  descendere^ 

eamque  de  superioribus  penetrare ;  quo  viso  et  suis  qui 

hoc  videre   merebantur  secum  ostenso,  pio  affectu  sus- 

pirans  ait,  ''Yere  pius  pater  Dunstanus  jam  ad  suam 

"  festivitatem  vadit,  interesse  volens  obsequio  quod  sui 

"  filii  hac  in  ^  nocte  Deo  et  sibi  exhibituri  sunt/*     Quod 

ita   sicut   dixerat   actum   est ;  experti  sunt  fratres  qui 

ipsi  festo  meruerunt  interesse.     Nam  ex  dulci  sanctoque 

affectu  quo  in  Deum  et  famulum  Ejus  jocundati  sunt, 

sanctam  prsesentiam  ejus  sibi  adesse  persenserunt. 

I^yj'  16.  Quid  vero  circa  juvenem  quendam,  iEgelwordum'  Osbeni, 

nomine,  in  ipso  monasterio  gestum  sit,*  istis  annectere^Jj^*** 

cordi  fuit.    Juvenis  idem  ejusdem  monasterii  monachus 

erat,*  et  una  dierum  vocatus  ad  missam  Lan&anci  ar- 

chiepiscopi  evangelium  legerat.     Hie  cum  dicta  oratione 

He  sees  evil  Dominica  patenam  pontifici  ex  more  offerret,  vidit  coram 

2^^^"  se  quosdam  teterrimos   et  horridos   malignorum   spiri- 

""«•         tuum  vultus;  ad  qtiorum  aspectum  nimio  pavore  per- 

territus,  antistitem  inter  manus  sacra   tenentem   utris- 

que   brachiis  strictim  amplectitur,  horrido  damore  vo- 

ciferans  ac  dicens,   "Christus    vincit,   Christus  regnat, 

"  Christus  imperat."     Conterriti   sunt   omnes    qui   ad- 

erant,   et    arreptum   juvenem    milites    de    ecclesia    in 

He  is  pontificis    cameram    rapiunt ;    post    quae    fratribus    in 

DuwtOT     capitulo  adunatis  Lan&ancus  pietter  ingreditur,  et  juve- 

pnyedfbr,   nis  jam   dsemone   plenus   a  plunmis   lortissimis   vins 

recover       constrictus   ducitur  in   medium;   prout  petebat   negotii 

tenor,  sermo  de  illo  conseritur,  et  fit  oratio   communis 

pro  eo.    Mox  sano  sensui,  ut  dabatur  intelligi,  redditus, 

ac  demum  pro  agendis  gratiis  sepulcro  patris  Dunstani 

ab  archiepiscopo  et  conventu  prsesentatus,  tota  die  ilia 


1  od]  in,  Q. 

^  m]  om.  Q. 

B  ^gehoordutn]  Agelwordnm,  Q. 


*  ni]  om.  Q. 

*  erat]  fuit,  Q. 


AUCTORE  EADMERO.  235 

Osbem,      inter  fratres  mansit  quasi  nihil   vesaniae  passus.    LaB- IntheeveIl- 
^*  tantur  fratres  in  hoc,  et  ketitia   futuii   mceroris   prse- areiaiwe 
nnnda  modum   excessit.     Jam    dies   in   vesperam   de-  tiie  prior, 

wbo  tai-lrpg 

elinaverat    et    horam    completorii    monachi    in    choro  him  into 

the  dormi- 

psallebant.     Tunc  ille  subito,  suae  stationis  loco  relicto,  ^'^i^  "*' 
ad   priorem    ecclesise,    Hemicum   nomine,   cucurrit,    et 
impetu  facto  manus  illi  injicere   voluit.     At   ipse,  por- 
rectis  contra  brachiis,  patientis  manus  arripuit,  strinxit, 
ac   in   dormitorium   ducto,  noctem   illam   ante   lectum 
ejus  residens    insomnem    super    eum    sollicitus   duxit. 
Tunc  subito  circa  mediae  noctis  silentia  inipit  silentium 
firatrum  ac  in  immoderatos  clamores  irrumpens  confusis 
vodbus   omnia  inquietabat.     Turbati   fratres,  nee   tam  in  the  night 
grave  malum  diu  fere  valentes,   lectis   exsiliunt,  furio-  wn»t  dia- 
sum  arripiunt  et  ad  tumbam   confessoris  Christi  Dun- rasinsud 
stani  omni  modo  reluctantem  coactis  viribus  pertrahunt.  ingatDun- 
Furit   ibi   sicut   primo,  et  in  Christum  ac  in  famulum 
Ejus  horrendas  blasphemias  jactitat,  nee  ab  eis  destitit 
donee  sequens  dies  illuxit.    Nil  ergo  remedii  consecutus,^ 
mane  fertur  in  domum  infirmorum,  ubi  per  multos  dies 
loris  astrictus  et  fdnibus  miserabili  cruciatu  torqueba- 
tur;  inter  quae   contingebat   quoddam   mirabili   Mi<xioi?\|f^^^ 
ut  cum  quidam  ad  eum  accederent,  ilico,  si  quid  gravis  m«y- 
peccati  de  quo  necdum  confessi  erant  in  cordis  secreto 
habebant,   detegeret,  et  illos   sibi    in   poenis   perpetuis  He  has  great 
Bocios  fore  futuros  gaudens  et  hilaris  pronunciaret.     Ex  apiDAt 
hoc   dum  nonnulli  gravem    contumeliam    incurrissent,  hmwf^ 

..  19  ..  «.  1  .  -I*  looted  con- 

ipsi  apud^  semetipsos  graviter  erubescentes  remedium  fe^ion. 
sibi    puraB    confessionis    adhibuere.     Confessi    ergo   et 
poenitentia  cum  "absolutione   peccatonun  a  praesidente 
suscepta,   iterum   se   praBsentaverunt   daemonioso,   quos 
ille  ex '  transverso  intuens,  nee  eos   sicut   primo   cog-  They  oon- 
noverat  recognoscens,  qui  fuerint,  unde  veneiint,   quo  soaroei^ 
lavacro  loti  tarn  subitam  purgationem  meruerint,  quidve  ^^^em* 


1  conseeutus']  est,  ins.  Q.  I      '  ex]  de,  Q. 

3  apud]  om.  P.  -  I 


236 


MIRACULA  SANCTI  DXJNSTANI 


It  is  true 
that  there 
were  tone- 
Toua  faults 
among  the 
monks  at 
the  time. 


The  relics 
of  the  saints 
are  removed. 


The  de- 
moniac is 
carried,  tied 
tohisbed« 
and  starts 
up,  carrying 
hished,  at 
the  sight  of 
the  relics. 


The  evil 
spirit  moves 
about  in 
him. 


rei  contigerit  quod  suam  societatem  tarn  cito  alterati 
amiserint,  fuiibundiis,  spumans  et  ejxilans  mirabatur. 
Et  hsec  quidem,  ut  reipsa  darum  fuit,  Christus  provida 
Suae  mLserationis  dispensatione  faciebat,  propter  ^  mona- 
chos  ipsius  eccIesisD,  in  istis  videlicet  eos  ad  correctio- 
rem  vitam  erudiens.  Quos  a  tempore  Danorum  qui 
beatum  JSlfegum  occiderunt,  cessante  disciplina^  in  sse- 
culari  videbat  conversatione  tdtra  quam  debebant  ja- 
cere.  Inter  haec  proficiente  novo  opere  coeptae  ecclesise, 
res  exegit  residuum  vetusti  operis,  ubi  memorata 
sanctorum  corpora  erant  locata,  subverti ;  parato  igitur 
refectorio  fratrum  ad  divinum  officium  inibi  celebran- 
dum,  omnes  cum  festiva  processione  illuc  a  veteri 
ecclesia  perreximus,  prseferentes  cum  honore  et  re- 
verentia  gloriosos  ac  dulcissimos  patres  nostros  Dim- 
stanum  atque  iElfegum.  Et  ecce  daemoniosus  ille^ 
toto  corpore  fortissimis  funibus*  lecto  strictim  colK- 
gatus,  a  multis  delatus  est,  et  e  regione  ostii  per  quod 
sancti  inferri  debebant,  cum^  lecto  depositus;  quos 
ipse*  eminus  intuens  horrido  clamore  infremuit,  et 
quod  dictu  fortassis  alicui  incredibile  videbitur,  cum 
lecto  exsiliens  erexit  se,  fugere  volens  prsesentiam  sanc- 
torum quos  horrebat.  Sed  illatis  Sanctis  intra  domum 
allatus  est  et  ipse  ac  positus  in  medio  eorum.  Erat 
itaque  infelicem  miseriam  videre;  jacebat  captivus  in 
lecto  supinus,  undique  constrictus  nee  in  se  sui  juris 
quicquam  habens.  Cemebatur  daemon  qui  eum  posside- 
bat  in  ventre  ejus  hac  et  iliac  discurrendo  vagari,  ut 
putares  ilium  modo  per  os,  modo  per  inferiores  corporis 
partes  Aigam  parare.  Quibusdam  vero  qui  circumsta- 
bant  manus  ad  discursum  inimici  protendentibus,  et 
quod  in  modum  parvuli  cati  discurreret  Francigena 
lingua  dicentibus,  ille  contra  qui  linguae  ipsius  omni- 
modis   insdus   erat,  subridens,   eadem  lingua   similiter 


Osbcniy 

pp.    148y 

149. 


'  propter]  om.  Q. 

^  fortisnnus  funibus"]  om.  Q. 


'  cum]  om.  Q. 

*  ipse]  om.  Q. 


AUCfTORE  EADMERO.  237 

Osbern,      verbo  diminutiYO  consonanter  respondebat  dicens,  "  Non  He  ia  left 
pp.149,      c<  ^^  catulus,  sed  ut  catellus."     Interim  hora  refectionisg:uftniofa 

loti.  -1         ..  ,  ,  ,  ..  single  monk, 

advemt;  manducante  ergo  conventu,  remansit  unus 
ex  senioribus  iElfwinus  nomine  cum  patiente  domum 
observans.  Hie  ab  infantia  sua  beato  Dunstano  dulci 
quadam  et  offidosa  dilectione  semper  solebat  adhserere, 
ac  pro  posse  suo  in  ejus  obsequio  assiduus  existere. 
Qui  miseratus  jacentis  infelicitatem,  et  non  parum 
confisus  de  beati  Dunstani  pietate,  constantior,^  crueem 
quam  ipse  pater  in  corpore  degens  coram  se  more 
summi  pontificis  ferri  faciebat,  accepit,  eamque  super  jhoi^^ 
daemoniacum  posuit  devota  mente,  lacrymosa  voce  ^^^h^* 
clamans  et  dicens ;  "  Care  domine,  Sancte  Dunstane,  Jjj^*'^ 
"  miserere."  Mirabile  dictu,  ilico  fugato  dsemone,  seger 
elevatis  pie  sursum  oculis  et  perfusus  lacrymis  ait, 
*'  Qratias  tibi  ago,  piissime  pater,  gratias  et  tibi  caris- 
"  sime  frater,  quia  tuis  meritis,  sancte  domine,  et  tua 
"  frater  caritativa  intercessione,  hostis  qui  me  vexabat 
"  discessit^  perterritus,  diutius  manere  non  potuit." 
Quod  monachus  audiens  gaudio  gavisus  est  magno,  et 
persolutis  debitis  gratiis  pio  Dunstano,  vincula  quibus 
erat  irretitus  absolvit.  Cum  itaque  fratres  post  refec- 
tionem  illo^  intrassent,  et  quem  fiiriosum  reliquerant 
leni  sopore  quiescentem  repperissent,  obstupefacti,  im- 
mensas  Deo  et  Ejus  Dunstano  gratias  intimo  corde  He  had  no 
persolverunt.  Mansit  ergo  post  baec  inter  fratres  per**  '^^ 
multos  annos  ab  ilia  infirmitate  sanus  et  incolumis; 
expletoque  cursu  vitse  prsesentis  sancto  fine  quievit. 

Quantum  autem  percussio  istius  valuerit  ad  correc-  Qood  effects 
tionem  eorum  qui   in   ipso   monasterio  monachi   erant,  ^lu^S^' 
facile    est    videre    omnibus   qui    unde    ad    quid    ordo  ®^^*' 
monasticus  ab  eo  tempore  illic  profecerit  sciunt.    Sciimt 
quippe   quia   qui   prius    in    omni   gloria   mundi,  auro 
videlicet,    argento,    variis    vestibus    ac    decoris    cimi 


>  catutanthr^  conBtanter,  Q. 
'  diicessit]  decesait,  Q. 


'  iUo]  om.  Q. 


288  MIRACULA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

had^i^Si  P^^^iosis  lectistemiis,  nt  diversa  musici  generis  instru- 

roiendDw    ^^^^»  quibus  ssBpe  oblectabantuT,  et   equos,  canes   et 

accipitres^   cum   qidbtis  nonnimquam   spatiatum  ibant, 

taceam^  more  comitnm  potius  quam  monachorum  vitam 

agebant.     Hoc  flagello,  miBericordia  Christ!  cooperante 

et  sagacitate  boni  patris  Lanfranci  archiepisoopi,  ad  id 

provecti   sunt,  ut   omnibus   illis   abrenunciarent,  et  in 

veram  monachorum  religionem  transeuntes  cuncta  qua- 

reSralti     ^^  stercora  reputarent;  et  nos  quidem,  qui  qualiter  ea 

foUows.       tempestate   res  agebantur^  novimus  indubitanter,   fa- 

temur    quia    nequaquam    processisset    tarn    subita    et 

salubris    rerum    mutatio,    si    prsB    octdis    non    fuisset 

ostensa   ilia  crudelis    et  quae   cimctos   teri*uerit'  ssBva 

examinatio. 

BiBhopOdo      17.  Circa  hsec  ferme  tempora  comes  Cantise,  qui  et  epi-  Osbera, 

attook  the    Bcopus  Bajoccnsis,  Odo  nomine,  promisit  firatri  suo  regi  W'^^' 

Cantarbury  Willelmo   copiosam  pecuniam,  eo  pacto  ut  sibi  liceret 

court  of  the  moYcre   quBsdam   calummas  super   terras   et  consuetu- 

dines  ecdesise  Cantuariensis,  et  inde  adversus  Lanfiran- 

cum  archiepisoopum '  pro  more  ac  legibus   terrse   pla- 

cita  inire.     Cui  cum  rex  acquievisset,  ille   de   cimctis 

comitatibus  totius  Angliae  prudentiores   et  juxta  usus 

ac  leges  regni  doctioree  viros  Cantuariam  statute  die 

fecit  venire,  prsecipiens  eis  ut,  nihil  hsesitantes,  se  tu- 

tore,  armarentur  ad  impugnandum  libertatem  nominatse 

ecdesiss.     Jam  nox  prsevia  statuti  placiti  instabat,  et 

Lanfrancus  quid  regno  super  se  ruenti  responderet  sol- 

Lanfmnc     licitus   cogitabat.     Sciens  itaque  ad   tantum   negotium 

counsel  fh)m  oumino  necessarium  fore  divinum  praesidium,   ad  hoc 

obtinendum   beatum   Dunstanum   sibi   ascivit   advoca- 

tum.     Fusis  igitur  precibus  apud  *  sanctissimum  corpus 

ejus   disposuit  sua  membra  quieti.     Adest  ergo  ei  in 

visu   qiiem  interpellaverat  pater    Dunstanus,    aogelico 


^  agebantur']  agebatur,  Q.  I      '  ardnqnscopwn]  om.  Q. 

2  terruerit']  exterrnerit,  Q.  |      *  apud]  ad,  Q. 


AUCTORE  £ADMERO. 


239 


Ogbern, 
p.  144. 


Osbeniy 
p.  151. 


(( 


(( 


« 


€t 


(t 


VTiltu  conspicTius,  stola  sui  patriarchatus  insignitus^  di-  Donstui 
cens  illi,  ''Laafrance^  ne  turbetor  spiritus  tuus  in  tepramScs" 
"  propter   multitudinem   banc   quae  coacta  est   contra  Tfc£>^. 
''  me  et  te.     Quin  securus  placitum  ingredere,  et,  me 
tibi  per  singula  affiituro,  meas   et   ecclesise  Domini^ 
nostri  causas  age ;  quod   si    eos   qui  obstiterint  non 
deviceris,  me  qui  tecum  loquor,  Dunstanum,  nee  vi- 
vere,  nee  meorum  negotia  curare,  nee  vera  tibi  dixisse 
certissime    noveris."     Expergefactus    a    somno    Lan- 
francus  confortatus  est  animo,  et  Deo   ac   beato   Dun- 
stano  pro  sua  visitatione  gratias  agens,  promissam  vie- 
toriam  bono  potiri  effectu  *  iteratis  precibus  obsecrabat. 
Adunata  Anglia  aulam  et  curiam   pontificis  implet,  et 
querelaB  bine  inde  consertae  undique  volant.     Procedit  Lanfinmc 
in  medium  pater  Lanfrancus,  et  supemo  vallatus  aux-  csuae. 
ilio,  omnia  quae  objiciebantur,  stupeiitibus  cunctis,  anni- 
hilavit.     Sicque  juxta  sponsionem  veridici  vatis   nobili 
victoria   functus    est,  quae  juris  ecdesise   erant  incon- 
vulsa  servavit,  quae  sub  dubietate   aliqua'  fluctuabant 
irrefragabili   veritatis   ratione    et  antiquorum  exemplo- 
rum  auctoritate  imposterum  confirmavit. 

18.  Post  haec  idem  antistes,  gravissima  corporis  infirmi-  iiinessof 
tate  perculsus,  desperatus  est.     Mittens  itaque  ^  prsecepit  AicUni^on? 
majores  £ratrum  personas^  ad  se  venire,  nolens  in  ab- 
sentia eorum  quos  patemo  affectu  diligebat,  et  in  qui- 
bus  jnagnam  busb  liberationis  fiduciam  posuerat,  vitam 
finire.     Decumbebat  autem   in   villa   sua  quae   Ealdin- 
tune  ^  appeUatur,  et  nihil    de    eo   nisi  ultimam  horam 
confluens  multitudo  praestolabatur.     Verum  cum  a  suis, 
videlicet  monachis,  clericis  et  aliis  hominibus,  hora  qua  His  vidon 
decederet   noctu   observaretur,  leni   sopore  circa  ortum  hoSSnen*.*** 
aurorae  fessus  opprimitur.     Intuetur  itaque  et  ecce  viri  ^ 
candidissimo  amictu  fulgentes  coram  se  bini  et  bini  in 


*  Domini]  Dei,  ins.  Q. 
>  effectu^  affecto,  Q. 
'  cdiqua]  quadam,  Q. 
^  itaque^  igitur,  Q. 


'  persmuui]  onu.Q. 

8  Ealdiwtune]  Eldintcine,  Q. 

7  viri]  om.  Q. 


240 


MIRACULA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


Vision  of      albis   eqiiis   longa   serie   iter   agebant,  l^titiam   animi  Osbem, 

■ion^***^   iocundis   vultibus   cum    modesia  alacritate   alterutrumPPi^^^' 

demonstrantes :  par  et  umformis  erat  cunctis  amictus, 

par   species   et   sequa  magnttudo  onmibus  equis,  estate 

sola  discrepabant,  et  post  pueros  adolescentes,  post  ado- 

lescentes '  juvenes,  post  juvenes  senes  equitabant.    Erat 

ergo  processionem  pulchram  videre.    Fercunctanti  vero  * 

Lan&anco  cujusnam  talis  ac  tanta  profectio'  esset,  re- 

sponsum  est  Ulius  magni   ac  prsedari   patris  Dunstani. 

Ait,  "  Et  ille,  quseso,  ubi  est  ?"   Kespondetur  "  Non  longe 

"  hinc."     Transibant   igitur,-   ut   dixi,  duo   et   duo,   et 

tandem  ipse  qui  maxime  et  solus  exspectabatur,  inter 

senes  reverenda*  canitie  niveos   sublimior   cseteris,  ad- 

vehebatur.    Quem  Lanfrancus  ut  vidit  protenus  agnovit, 

^'toMi    ®^   appropinquans   eum  per  pedem  strictissime  tenuit; 

Wm. andon  cumque  caput  ad  pedem  quem  tenebat  deosculandum 

himself       demitteret,  apprehensum  crus  suum  ambabus  manibus, 

Quito  woll*  •  .  .  1         <•  T 

pater  sanctus  remti  coepit  ne  hoc  faceret.  In  qua  lucta 
Lanfrancus  evigilans  penitus  se  sensit  convaluisse.  Ilico 
surgens^  et  Salvatori  suo  gratias  agens,  eos  quos  circa 
se  dolentes  et  gemebundos  conspexit  blande  consolatus 
est,  se  integerrimse  sanitati  restitutum  contestans.  Ex 
quo  cum  illos  stupere  nee  verbis  suis  fidem  prsebere 
adverteret,  retulit  quid  viderit  et  qualiter  sanatus  sit. 
Deinde  subjunxit,  "  Surgite,  prseparate  vos,  quia  volo 
"  missam  celebrare  et  Deo  ac  piissimo  amico  Suo  pro 
'*  adepta  sanitate  debitas  laudes  exsolvere ;  vos  autem  ® 
"  filii  et  fratres  carissimi,  qui  de  Cantuaria  hue  ve- 
"  nistis,  cum  benedictione  Dei  et  mea  redite,  et  caeteris 
"  fratribus  quae  Deus  per  mmta  commimis  patris  nos- 
"  tri,  eorum  intercessione  permotus,  circa  me  peregerit 
"  edicite,  ac  in  commune  debitas,  ut  nostis,  grates  in 
"  voce  laudis  exsolvite."     Fecerunt  sicut  prsecepit,   et 


He  orders 
thanks  to 
be  offered 
for  his 
reooveiy. 


>  poBt  adoteacenUa']  om.  Q. 
'  vero"]  om.  Q. 

>  pro/ecHo']  prooeedo,  Q. 


*  reverendd]  yenenuida,  Q. 
'  surgens]  ez8ii]*geiiB,  Q. 
'  autem]  om.  Q. 


leave. 


\ 


242  MIRACULA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

He  prepares  cuidam  juveni  quein   fugaB   suse   socium    asciverat,   de  Osbem, 

to  have  the         ,  ,      .  ^  j.  r  j      a*       x  P-  l-'>6. 

uioiittfctery,   reous   GcclesiaB   parat.      Jam   noctem    fugse    destinatam  *^ 
dies  praeibat,  et  fratres  meridiana  hora  in  lectis  pausa- 
bant,  ille  vero  in  oratorio,  quasi* pro  suo  officio  vigilans, 
de  hoc  quod   se   facturum   cogitarat   animo   fluctuabai. 
Statuit  tamen  penes   se   praeter   licentiam   patris  Dun- 

mfnA  stani  se  discessurum  minime  fore.  Itaque  ad  tumbam 
ejus  sese  confert,  et  stratus  pavimento  quenila  voce  illos 
et  illos  injuriarum  sibi  illatarum  accusat,  utque  sua 
benedictione  propositum  iter  ejus  comitetur  obsecrat, 
pollicens  quocunque  pertingeret  ipsius  sese  futurum. 
Deinde  ecclesiam  exiturus  post  chorum  venit,  ibique 
monachum    quendam    reverendi  vultus   decore   conspi- 

As  be  leaves  cuum,  vividos   oculorum    super   se    radios   diriffentem, 

the  church        .         '  ^  i 

he  is  inet  by  virga   quam    manu   tenebat   se   sustentantem,    stantem 

asks  where   invcnit.     Quo  viso,  ucc  quis  esset  uUatenus  agnito,  ex- 

andbids  *  pavit,^   coquc    Tclicto   quo   disposuerat    pergere  voluit.* 

his  mind.     At  ipse    opposita  virga  sciscitatus   est   "  Quo   vadis  ?" 

Ille  sciens  moris  non  esse   monachos  in   oratorio  loqui, 

digitis  innuit  ei   ipsum   ibi   nequaquam   loqui   debere ; 

cui  monachus,  "  Si    loquor,  nihil    ad  te,  sed  tu  ad    ea 

"  quae  interrogo  mihi  responde,  die  quo  vadis  V*  "  Dare," 

ait,  "  operam  iis  quae  mea  intersunt."    Respondit  "  Nihil 

"  est,   redi   magis   ad    sepulcrum   ubi   modo   fuisti,    et 

"  mutata  voluntate  tua  intentius  ora."    Stupefactus  ille 

reversus    est   ad   tumbam   sancti    viri,    modum   primae 

orationis  oratione  secunda  non  mutans.     Inde   rediens 

ct   monachum   ubi   prime   habuit  obvium   habens,   se- 

cundo  quo  tenderet  ab  eo  requisitus   est.      Ille  animo- 

sior   factus,    quid   hoc   ad   eum   paululum   dure   inter- 

This  occure  Togavit.     "  Multum,"  inquit,  "  ad  me,  quod  et  tu,  si  te 

twice.  ,.  ...  .  ^  1 

"  non  correxeris,  in  proximo  experiere,  sed  nunc  vel 
"  secundo  admonitus  redi,  muta  mentem,  muta  precem." 
Cumque  potius  transire  quam  rediro  conaretur,  is  qui 
monachus    videbatur  virgam    contra  vibrando    erexit, 

1  expauit']  om.  Q.  |      ^  voiuW]  coepit,  Qi 


AUCTOEE  EADMERO.  243 

Osbern,      atque  ad  requiem  sancti  ^   reverti   coegit.     Grandi  ergo  On  his  tuini 

p.  156.  •  i_'j.  •!_  •!_  •  •  fittompthe 

*^  pavore  pereussus,   incumbit  precious  quibus   jam  incu-  finds  the 

buerat  duabus  vicibus.     Postha3C  ad  locum  i-ediens  sed  door  of  the 

.  .  I  ^     •  i  XX  cloister. 

virum  minime  repenens,  jam  se  bene  lecisse  ratus  est,  et 
ad  ostium  quo  claustrum  intratur  properavit.  Ubi  virum 
turbato  vultu  contra  se  stantem,  et  quo  iret  solito  ^  in- 
terrogantem  offendens,  turbato  et  ipse  spiritu,  quis  ille 
vel  cujus  potestatis  egset,  qui  eum  tanta  auctoritate 
constringeret  inquisivit.  Ait  "  Queens  quis  ?  audi.  Ego  !  The  monk 
"  Ego  nimirum  sum   Dunstanus,   provisor    et   proprius  that'hois: 

V  •       •  1      •    •   x-  X  X  1*    X  Duiistaii, 

"  arcmepiscopus  loci  istius,  amator   atque   adjutor  om-  and  threat- 

"  nium   illorum    qui    vere'   filii    sunt    ecclesiai    istius.  with  death. 

"  Sed  tu  voluntate  perversa  vis  contra  morem  filiorum 

"  bonorum  deserere  ecclesiam  matrem  tuam ;  vis  descrere 

"  Deum  Fatrem  tuum ;  et  ad  id  peragendum  petis  suf- 

"  fragium  meum.     Stulta  cogitasti  dum  in  his  me  tibi 

"  sufiragaturum  existimasti.     Nee   enim  *  tali  via  per- 

"  veni®  ad  Deum.     At   semel   monui   et  secundo  qua- 

"  tenus   te   conigeres,  et   noluisti.     Nunc  igitur   scias, 

"  quia  mea^   licentia  hinc  nunquam  exibis;   sed   velis 

"  nolis  hie  remanebis ;  hie  morieris.     Propterea  tamen 

"  quod  me  monentem  exaudire   contempsisti,  in   poena 

"  tua   ecce  probabis   quod   non    bene  fecisti."      Quibus  He  then 

i*.*         •  1  •i^x  XX*  'L  strikes  him 

dictis  virgam  levavit,  et  eum  tertio  acriter   percussum  and  dis- 
in    terram   prostravit,    et    disparuit.      Remansit   igitur  *^*^"' 
fittter  graviter  debilitatus,  et  demum  a  fratribus  in  do- 
mum  est  infirmorum  delatus.    Facta  simt  hsec  inter  duas 
festivitates  Assumptionis   et   Nativitatis   beatse   Marise. 
Fuit  ergo  in   infirmitate  quotidie  proficiens,  et   semper  Edward 
sequenti  die  praecedento   detenus   habens.     Quae   infir-  unto  death, 
mitas  talis  erat  ut  qualitas  ejus  dinosci  a  nemine  pos- 
set ;  nee   ipse   ulli  volebat  exponere   unde   processisset. 
Tandem    languor  vitalia    subit,    et   morti    propinquus 
inunctionem  et  communionem  Corporis  Christi  suscepit. 


1  aanctt]  ilium,  ins.  Q.,  Mab. 
^  »olito']  more,  ins.  Q. 
*  pere]  veri,  Q. 


*  enim  ]  om.  Q- 

*  peroeni]  pervenitor,  Q. 
'  mea}  om.  Q. 

Q  2 


244 


MIRACULA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


On  B.  Har- 
tin's  day  ho 
begins  to 
rooovor  hia 
seusos. 


He  confesses 
to  the  prior 
Henry. 


Ho  prays 
for  death, 
and  dies. 


Confession 
of  his  com- 
panion. 


lUuxit  dies  festivitatis  ^  Sancti  Martini,  et  iUe  iuxta  0»bem, 
quod  putabatur  in  suprema  hora  constitutus  ad  terram  ^' 
super  cilicium  positus  est.  AcciuTentes  fratres  septem 
psalmos  poenitentialcs  et  letanias  pro  obitu  ejus  ex  more 
decantabant.  Igitur  in  letaniis  cum  dicerent  "Sancte 
"  Dunstane,  intercede  pro  anima  cjas,"  et  id  ipsum,  pro 
spe  subventionis  quam  in  ipso  dulcius  habent,  iterarent, 
ccepit  jeger  pene  defunctus  respiittre,  et  in  circum- 
stantes  pio  intuitu  oculos  dirigere.  Incurvavimus  nos 
qui  propinquiores  stabamus  ad  ilium,  nosse  quod  vellet ; 
at  ille,  "  Ponite  me,  quseso,"  inquit,  "  super  lectum  nos- 
"  trum,  quia  modo  mori  non  possum."  Quod  et  factum 
est.  Deinde  accersito  Henrico  priore,  cujus  supra  mc- 
minimus,  ei  rem  totam  sicut  cam  *  retulimus  ex  ordine 
pandit,  ae  pro  mala  voluntate  quam  habuerat  disce- 
dendi '  a  monasterio  pcenitentiam  egit,  absolutionem  ac 
veniam  petiit.  Asseruit  quoque  se  nullatenus  mori 
posse  donee  et  rem  eatenus  cunctis  incognitam  denu- 
dasset,  et  remedio  poenitentiae  cum  absolutione  reatus 
sui  potitus  fuisset.  Quod  priot*  audiens  admiratus  mise- 
licordiam  Dei  est,  et,  poenitentia  morion ti  injuncta,  de 
peccato  quod  fuerat  confessus  cum  absolvit.  Time  ille 
mente  exhilaratus,  et,  quod  nihil  peccati  unde  confes- 
sionem  poenitcntiamque  non  fecerit  in  se  cognosceret, 
Deo  gratias  agens,  quatinus  sibi  jam  de  corpore  liceret 
egredi  postulavit.  Ad  quod  prior  ait,  "  Proficiscere 
"  -cum  benedictione  Dei  Omnipotentis.  Comitetur  iter 
"  tuum  beatus  et  plus  pater  Dunstanus,  et  suscipiat 
"  to  in  regnum  Sumn  Filius  Dei  Dominus  noster  Jesus 
"  Christus."  In  his  verbis  antequam  lecto  deponi  jws- 
set,  emisit  spiritum.  Cum  igitur  in  oonventu  fratrum 
ecclesiaB  ipse  prior  hrec  omnia  seriatim*  enan*asset, 
juvenis  quem  fiigSB,  ut  diximus,  socium  sibi  Edwaitlus* 
delegerat,  sun*exit,  et  humi  stratus  lacrymisque  perfusus 


^  festivilaUs]  om.  Q. 

2  earn]  ora,  Q. 

*  dUcedcfidi'}  dcccdendi,  Q. 


*  seriatim]  om.  Q. 

^  Edioardtu]  prsdictas  fraler,  Q 


i 


AUCTORE   EAPMERO.  245 

se  in   ftura  quidem  homini   consenBisse,  sed  quod   tali  He  was 

1  -r^  /.       .        .„  Ignorant  of 

inodo  a  patre  DunBtano   retentus    fuent    illuc    usque  *»»  vurfon. 
nescisse  confessus  est. 

■ 

SeeOsbem,     21.  Alius  quidam   ipsius  ecdesi®  monachus,  nomine  a  monk 
p.  lou.       iEgelwinus,  cupiens  ire  Jerusalein,  aocepta  licentia  ab  Egeiwn 
aTchiepiscopo    et  fratribus   profectus    est,    commendans  Jo™«iein, 
se  et  poUicens  beato  Dunstano  quia,  si  iter  suum  pro-  Eri^'^u^^ 
speraret,  pallium  unum  quam  melius  posset  rediens  de-  stanapaii. 
ferret.      Hoc   siquidem  quod  nunc   scribo   factum  fuit 
eo  tempore  quo  monachi  Cantuarienses,  ut  habita  supe- 
rius  mentio  est,  magis  more  comitum   quam  pauperum 
et  proprii  nihil  habentium  monachorum  vitam  agebant. 
Profectus   ergo  fi-ater,    ut    dixi,    prosperrimo^    itinere 
peWenit   ad  sepulcrum   Domini,    et   inde   rediens   per 
Constantinopolim,     emit     ibi     quod    beato    Dunstano 
deferret  pallium  unum   pretiosum   valde  et  pulchrum. 
Qui  ubi,  pertransita  Apulia  et  Roma,  venit  in  Longo-  On  his  , 
bardiam,  obviavit  expeditioni  imperatoris.     Quem  plures  E>miMtf^y 

1  ,••    1  •!••  1  I  1*  be  falls  ill 

nonorati  de  exercitu  viri  cum  honore  et  sseculi  pompa  with  tuo 

/,    .      .  •    •       1  .         '  T  army  Of  the 

proncisci  conspicientes,  et  magnum  aliquem  esse  con-  emperor, 
jectantes,  humiliter  salutatum  benedicere  sibi  postu- 
lavere.  Verum  cum  inter  ultimos  et  ignavos  mul- 
titudinis  homines  devenisset,  ipsi  considerantes  mulam 
ejus  diversis  sarcinis  digniter  oneratam,  rati  sunt 
cam  magna  et  multa  pretiosa  portare.  Monachum 
igitur  cum  sociis  vibq  dimittentes,  mulam  invadunt,  Thecamp- 
rapiunt,  abducunt      At   ille,   utpote   in   patria   aliena,  sei^o  his 

.  1  1        1       •  •  •  mule. 

metuens  ne  plura  perderet  si  eos  msequens  sua  repc- 
teret,  substitit,  et  intuens  bestiam  cum  suis  rebus  Ion- 
gius  abductam  vehementer  indoluit.  Occurrit  interim 
animo  quid  de  eodesia  sua  oxiens  promiserit  beato 
Dunstano.  Desoenso  itaque  animali  quo  sedebat,^  terrae  He  prays  to 
procumbii ;  Dunstanum,  ne  pallium  suum  quod  aspor-  for  vd. 
tabatur  perderet,  precatur  et  obsecrat.  Mirabile  dictu, 
necdum  precem  finierat,  et  ecce  mula  inter  manus  ab- 


^  prosperrimo]  prospero,  Q.       |    '  quo  scdebat]  cui  io6idebat,Q,,Mab. 


246 


MIBACULA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


Tho  mule 
E^oes  mad 
and  shakes 
off  the 
robbers. 


The  monk 
recovers  tho 
mule  and 
hisbiggage. 


The  writer 
will  tell 
t.v/o  stories 
more. 


ducentium  se  ccepit  quasi  insamre,  ore  et  pedibus  in 
eos  qui  sese  tenebant  mordendo  et  feriendo  desaevire. 
Cumque  illi  eam^  exonerare  et  sic  a  se  dimittere  vo- 
luissent,  ilia,  rejectis  pedibus  hunc  et  ilium  graviter 
Isedens,  quae  credita  susceperat  Integra  conservabat. 
Tandem  de  manibus  illorum  rupto  frseno  elapsa  rapi- 
dissimo  cursu  post  dominum  suum  cucurrit,  semper 
subsiliens  et  se  ab  insectantibus  fortiter  defendens.  Quod 
monaehus  eminus  intuens  exhilaratus  est,  reeeptoque 
animali  cum  omnibus  rebus  suis  patriam  Iretus  revisit, 
ac  patri  Dunstano  pallium  quod  promiserat  obtulit. 

22.  Quid  faciam  ?  si  cimcta  qu©  de  isto  gloriosissimo 
patre  hoc  tempore  mira  narrantur  describere  velim,  prius 
mihi  tempus  quam  materia  scribendi  deficiet.*  Omissis 
igitur  multis  in  quorum  silentio  scio  me  nonnuUos 
offensurum,  duo  tantum  quae  nuper  acciderunt  et  celebri 
fama  feruntur,  brevi  referam :  sicque  coepto  operi  finem 
imponam.  lUud  tamen  quod  homunculo  cuidam  Lam- 
berto  nomine,  qui  in  camera  venerabilis  Anselmi  suc- 
cessoris  gloriosi  Lanfranci  archiepiscopi  ministrare 
solebat,  oculos  quos  ferme'  amiserat  reddidit,*  et  item 
quod  uni  clcrico,  capellano  ejusdem  Anselmi,  nomine 
et  natione  Normanno,  equum,  quem  pestis  quam  camo- 
riam  vocant  ad  mortem  fere  **  afflixerat,  incolumem 
restituit;  et  plura  hujusmodi  in  numero  miraculorum 
tanti  patris  hac  vice  computare  minimum  judicavi. 
Unum  igitur  de  duobus  quae  spopondi  me  relaturum 
hoc  est. 


Dunstan's        23.  Plaucta  qua  ipse   pater  Dunstanus   inter  missas 
was  kept  at  frequenter  usus  fuerat  in    abbatia  beati   Petri,    quae  in 

"Westmiu-  r  .  •  '     t^ 

ttu^r.  occidentali   parte  Lundoniae   sita  est,   absque   ullo  auri 

apparatu  existens  habebatur.  Matrona  vero  quaedam 
Lundoniensis  gravi  infirmitate  diutissime  tenta,  sanita- 
tem  se  amplius  recuperaturam  nulla  ratione  credebat. 
Huic   sicut   putabatur  jam  et  extemplo    moriturae,  per 


He  omits 
miracles  of 
recovery  of 
sight  by  a 
man,  and 
the  healing 
of  a  sick 
horse. 


^  earn]  om.  Q. 

2  deficieq  deficiat,  Q. 

'  ferme]  fere,  Q. 


<  reddidiq  reddit,  Q. 
^  fere]  pene,  Q. 


248 


MIRACULA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


He  nearly    capta  supor  boves  effemta  est,  ita  ut  eorum  nonnullos 

losos  bis 

oxen.  .  perderet,  si  concurrentis  multitudinis  manibus  non  Btatim 
interfecta  fuisset.  Sequent!  anno  ipso  die  festivitatis 
ejusdem  apud  Burgum  scindebant  simul  campum  iinum 

The  next     aitktra  septem.      Igitur  inter  aiundum  unus  eorum  qui 

voor  wlien  x  o  i. 

ploughing    bobus   pneerat,   aratro   sedens,   sibi    ac  bobus   quietem 

day aman    prsestabat.      Et  ecce  cum  nil  sibi  sinistri  suspicaretur, 

anddoiih^  de  loco   SU8B   quietis,   nescit  a   quo,  rapitur,  sursum  se 

,  «urth,and    ipso  celsius  jacitur,  indeque  rursum  ad  terram  alliditur. 

Boves  sub    ipso  aratro  juneti,  fractis  jugis,  vesani  dis- 

siliunt,^  silvas  et  devia  petunt ;  par  fuga,  dispersio  eadem, 

alios  juxta  arantes  boves  involvit     Bourn  qui  dispersi 

sunt  quidam  cum  difficultate  et  vix  capti,  quidam  nuUa 

sunt  ratione   reperti.^      Heec   duo   de   bobus  arantibus 

acta   ea  consideratione    sub   uno    posuimus,    quod    et 

similia   pro  quadam   parte  existunt,  et  pro  ostendenda 

reverentia  tanti  diei,   licet  evoluto  anno  una  die  facta 

sunt. 


oxen. 


other  min-  25.  Hiuc  jam,  cxpleto  promisso,  debitum  finem  ratio 
added  in  a  postulat,  ct  uos  quidcm  iUum,  ecce,  hie  ponimus,  licet 
de  tanto  patre  jugiter  loqui  dulce  habeamus.  Quod 
tamen  ea  rationis  consideratione  nos  facere  accipiatur, 
ut  nemo  nos  mendacio  arguat,  si  iis^  quae  digessimus 
pater  idem  suae  miserationis  opera  in  futuro  aliqua  ad- 
jecerit,  et  ea  si  vita  comes  fuerit  descripserimus.  Scimus 
etenim  quia  pro  pietatis  suae  abundantia  nuUi  cam  ex 
corde  quserenti  novit  non  exhibere. 
Water  in  26.  De  baculo  interim  illius,  quem,  sicut  longe  supra*  Above, 

Ttan's  itick  nanttvimus,  dente  beati  AndresB  apostoli  insignivit,  hoc  ^' 
works         paucis  dicendum   existimavi,  quod  ex  aqua  unde  idem 
baculus   abluitur  multa   solent  febricitantibus   et  aliis 
modis  infirmantibus  sanitatum  beneficia  pnestari.      Ex 


miracles. 


*  dissiliunt']  deBiliant,  Q. 

-  quidam  .  .  reperti]  written  over 
an  erasure  in  P.     Q.  reads,  "  re- 


*'  pertl.  quidam  sunt  fluininis  pro 
"  funditate  submersi." 

^  iV*]  in  his,  Q. 

*  supra']  cm.  Q. 


V. 

VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

AUCTORE  WILLELMO  MONACHO 

MALMESBERIENSI. 


v<  w^^^rf  .^  v/s^  ■k'  -•  V  V  >•  -•  « 


Incipit  Prologus  de  vita  Sancti  Dunstani 

archiepiscopi.^ 

WiiiiAm  Dominis  suis  venerabilibus  et   fratribus    patribusque 

dedicatdi       ,  ... 

bis  work  to  in  sancta  Glastoniensi    ecclesia  Deo  famulari    fi^i^atulan- 

themonkBOf  .  ,  ^ 

Giaston-      tibus,    Guilelmus    vester    devotione    servns,    commilitio 
frater,  dilectione  filius.    In  beatissimi  patris  vestri  Dun- 
stani amore   et  honore   celebrando   nostra,   sanctissimi 
patres,  cum   omni  Anglia   devotio   semulo  decertat   ex- 
emplo.     Et   nescio  an   major   sit   nostra   in  hoc   certa- 
mine    gloria,    cum    nos    eum   diligamus    ut    alumnum, 
quern    illi    suspiciunt    ut    sanctum   et   archiepiscopum. 
Jungimus  ergo  amorem   reverential,  in   neutro  Cantua- 
ritis   cedentes,  qui   se   olim   eum   gloriantui*  primatem 
He  finds      habuissc.     Undc   factum   est,  ut,  scripta   de   vita   ejus 
oiderwriters  diliffcntius  rimautcs,  expectation!  vesti'ae  non  respondere 
the  newer    dolcamus.     AntiQuis  emm   sermonum   firatiam,  recenti- 

TerBcity* 

bus  integritatem  fidei  deesse  deprehendimus.  Quare 
non  immerito  indulsimus  eatenus  moestitije,  quia  ct 
agrestia  parum  delectant,  et  pudet  recitare  quad  solida 
veritate  non  constant.  Ille  profecto  abutitur  litteris  et 
otio,  qui,  de  operibus  sanctorum  falsa  scribendo,  dum 
negligit  famam  consciscit  infamiam.  Quod  novo  scrip- 
tori'  vitse  beati  Dunstani  accidisse  utinam   nescirem. 


1  The  text  is  that  of  the  only  known  MS.,  Rawlin8on,Mi8cell.  263  (Q.)> 
>  A  reference  to  Osbem. 


AUCrORE  WILLELMO  MALMESBEBIENSI. 


251 


Plerumque   enim    aut    opinione    decipitur,    aut    favore  Ennarks  on 
inflectitur.     Sed   hoc  si  pace  animse   ipsius  dici  potest,  credulity, 
delictorum    singula    exempla,    licet    plura    suppetaht, 
subjiciam. 

Primo  cum  de  miraculo  luminis  in  templo  exhibiti ![« ?n<??^ 
semionem  adoriretur,  "matemis,"  inquit,  "sinibus  sacro  i»w  doctrine. 
"  puerperio  intumescentib^s ; "  ^  egregie  et  pulchre  dic- 
tum si  esset  catholiciim.  Non  enim  recte  dicitur 
sacrum  puerperium  quod,  iniquitati  originali  obnoxium. 
nondum  est  sacro  baptismo  dilutum.  Cujus  dicti  mei 
rationem  in  fine  vit8B  sancti  Deo  juvante  persolvere 
meditor. 

Secundo  cum  de  indole   studiorum   piierilium  loque- He  accuses 
retur,    sensum    secundi    prologi    de    arithmetica    pene  foisting  in 
totum    induxit,  loquens   de   philosophorum    scientia  de  mstter. 
rebus   quae    sunt   et   qua>   aliter   esse   non   possunt,  ut 
sunt  magnitudines  et  alte  earum  sibi  adh^rentes.  ali» 
separatee^  multitudinesque  aliue  per  se,  alias  in  relatione 
positae.^     Videtis,  domini,  quantos  fumos  excitavit,  cum 
potuisset  simpliciter  dicere  puerum  arithmeticae  et  cog- 
natis  artibus  invigilasse. 

Tertio    quod    Glfustoniam   regali    fisco    addictam,'  ^^SmforWs 
Dunstanum  ibi   fiiisse   primum   abbatem  dicendo*  non  i?no™"ce  ?/ 

,  ,       ^     ,  ,  the  antiquity 

mediocriter  in  historiae  veritato  delinquit.  Quod  quan-  of  oiaston- 
tum  a  vero  exulet  testantur  abbatum  vestrorum  no- 
mina,  qui  annis  cccdiii.,  sicut  ex  consequentibus  li- 
quebit,  ante  nativitatem  Dunstani  fuere  in  Qlfustonia. 
Ipsa  quippe  multo  ante  beatimi  Patricium,  qui  anno 
Incamationis  Dominicae  cccc^lxxiio.  decessit,  in  jus 
ecclesiasticum  transivit^  et  ipse  nongentesimo  vicesimo 
quinto  anno  ejusdem  Incamationis,  qui  fuit  Ethelstani 
regis  primus,  cum  esset  Qlastoniae   abbas  Aldhunus,  in 


*  Osbern,  above,  p.  72. 

'  Osbern,  above,  pp.  77,78.    The 
reference  is  to  Boethias  de  Arith- 


metica, lib.  i.  c«  1  (ed.  Basel,  1570, 
p.  1296). 

^  Osbern,  above,  p.  74. 

^  Osbern,  above,  p.  92. 


258 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


Anew 
histonr  is 
therefore 
needed. 


He  hM  mil- lucem  venlt.^    Nec  minus  quod  Edgarum  regem,  uni- 

King  sdgar.  cum  scilicet  totius  religionis  tutorem,  cum  sanctimomali 

volutatum  asseverat.     Illud  cum  omni  historiarum  tes- 

timonio  careat,  ctiam  si   probari  posset/  magis  pie  dis- 

simulari  quam   improbe   propalari  et   in  vulgus   effem 

deceret. 

He  has  Quarto  quia  dixit  eundem  Edgarum  Scefboniae  mo* 

the  founder^  nastcrium  fuudasse,^  ut  foeminei  animi  tanto  gloriaren- 

bury.         tur  fuudatore ;   cum  multo  ante   tempore   sub  Eluredo 

rege  constet'  ibi  monachal  habitasse. 

His  igitur  falsitatibus  offensi,  fratemitate  qua  vobis 
obnoxius  sum  obedientiam  meam  pulsastis,  ut  gesta 
beati  viri  renovaremi  et  quasi  quodam  laboris  mei 
prselo  falsitatis  foecem  depellens,  rerum  puritatem  eli- 
quarem.  Quod  ut  fidentius  facerem,  scripta  mihi  tarn 
The  monks   Latiua  Quam  Anglica   in   antiquissimo   armario  vestro 

have  sup-  i  • 

naJfin***'  rcpcrta  exhibuistis^  e  quibus  sicut  e  spoculo  rerum 
LaSn"'**"^  mihi  resultaret  Veritas.  Qu8e  falsa  nullo  modo  credi- 
derim,  quia  calente  adhuc  gestorum  memoria,  ad  EIu- 
ricum,  qui  tertio  anno  post  decessum  patris  Dunstani 
successit  in  arehiepiscopatu,  sunt  edita.*  Nam  ut  men- 
dacia  demerem  et  studio  meo  inteiTuptam  seriem 
resarcirem^  non  fuit  consilium  quin  esset  lacrymosum 
et  vanum.  Liber  enim  ita  dilaniatus  nec  alterius  esset 
nec  mens.  Prseceptis  ergo  vestris  festinus  parui,  et  ut 
sancti  et  vestrum  mercarer  favorem,  maledicorum  me 
He  antici-    dcntibus  fortassis  exhibui.     Non  enim  defuturos  opinor 

pates  severe  * 

criticism,     qui    mo    ista   ob    aliorum    scriptorum    reprehensionem 
8cripsis.se    pronuncient.     Sed    ab   hiis   Dominus   Josus 


^  See  the  lint  of  abbots  compiled 
by  William  of  Molmesbury  him- 
Kclf  in  his  work  on  the  antiquity 
of  the  church  of  Glastonbury,  ed. 
Gale,  p.  328. 

2  Above,  pp.  Ill,  112. 

3  W.  Malmetb.  Gesta  Pootificum, 
ed.  Hamilton,  pp.  184-188. 


4  This  is  the  life  by  B.,  dedicated 
to  Elfric,  who  bt*came  archbishop  in 
995  ;  not  in  990,  as  William  here 
states ;  but  he  transposes  Sigeric 
and  Elfric  in  the  list  of  archbishops 
in  the  Gesta  Pontificum  also.  See 
G.  P.,  ed.  Hamilton,  p.  32. 


AUCTORK  WILLELMO   MALMfiSBERIENSI. 


253 


bonam  mihi  veniam  impetret.  Qui  me  in  his  dumiaxat 
Bdiptis  nihil  vel  odio  vel  livori  deferre  videt.  Ego 
enim  mihi  conscius  simi  nunquam  me  laboribus  insi- 
diatum  aUenis,  sed  ut  vobis  morem  gererem  stilum 
his  apposuisse  gcstis.  Adde  quod  is  de  quo  memoravi 
scriptor,  jamdudum  vita  defunctus  et  invidia,  divinse- 
que  Bubditus  censurse,  humana  parvipendit  judicia. 
Facile  autem  excusabitur,  quod  minus  continue  fidem 
rerum  attexuit,  qqia  per  incendium  quod,  sicut  ipse  in 
prologo  ^  dixit,  Cantuariensis  ecclesia  passa  est,  anti- 
qua  scripta  non  habuit.  Qusc  cum  ita  sint,  obediential 
me8B  pignus  injunctum  suscipite,  et  si  malivoli  contra 
me  jacula  maledictorum  intorserint,  umbone  vestrse 
auctoritatis  elidite,  domini  venerabiles  et  merito  ama- 
biles  patres. 


But  he  only 
writes  for 
love  of  truth 
and  to 
ploaae  the 
monks. 


There  are 
excuses  for 
the  former 
writer. 


B.  p.  6. 
Adelard, 
p.  54. 
Osbem, 
p.  71. 
Eadmer, 
p.  165. 


LiBEU  PRIMUS. 

1.  Annus  igitur  reffis  Athelstani  primus  produxit  in  Birth  and 

o  o  r  r  mrentagcof 

mundum  puerum  Dunstemimi .  totius  Anglifie  patronum  nunstan. 
futurum.  Pater  ejusr  Herstanus,  mater  Kynedrida  no- 
minati,  ambo  pietate  in  Deum-  et  nobilitate  generis 
insignes,  pari  virtutum  studio  et  concordi  morum  ele- 
gantia  sevum  exegere.  Quam  vero  grata  Deo  eorum 
fiiit  vita,  Deus  Ipse  non  dubitavit  monstrare  post 
funera.  Siquidem  hie  idem  eorum  filius  de  quo.  ser- 
monem  adorsi  sumus,  postea  jam  archiepisoopus,'utrum- 
que  parentem  inter  coelestium  choros  gaudentem,  ma- 
trem  etiam  Dominices  genitricis  familiari  obsequio 
assistentem,  defoecatae   mentis   conspexit  intuitu.     Dig-  Marriage  of 

•     •  j««  'J      J.*  i.i_  jf  J.  his  parents. 

num  mmirum  divma  providentia  opus,  ut  bonus  futurus 
filius  boni  lineam  non  peregrinis  disceret  exemplis,  sed 
intra  domesticos  parietee  a  bonis  mutuaretur  parent!- 
bus.  Hii  ergo  legitimo  nuptiarum  foederd  maturis 
amoribus  in  juventa  convenere.     Jamque  post  aliquan- 


*  Osbem,  above,  p.  70* 


254  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

Before  Dun-  tum  copul?B  tempus  Kynedrida  in  spem  prolis  grandes-  Adelard, 
°l?l^®,f*^7i  cebafc  utero,  cum  earn  luminosa  purificationis  festivitas  R  J** 

ofthePurifi-  ...  .  .,  .  .       Osbern, 

«ition  at      Glastoniara   invitavit      Quo   die    soUemnibus    lam    in-  p.  72. 

GUston-  ...  Kadincr 

bury,  the     choatis  officiis   in  vetustam   ecclesiam   frequens   matro-f*  ,/l  ' 

lightttarc  ,  ^    ,  p.  16 5. 

put  out,  narum  ordo  cum  Kynedrida  convenerat.  Micabant  per 
totum  atrium  lumina^  ipsa  constipatione  turbae  acrius 
oculos  perstringentia.  Tum  vero  cessante  intra  eccle- 
siam omni  ventoiTim  inquietudine,  divino  credo  nutu, 
omnium  lumina  uno  confusa  et  extincta  simt  ictu. 
Perculit  ingens  pavor  omnem  populum  ambigentem  de 
facto  quid  diceret,  utrumne  casui  an  miraculo  deputa- 
rct.  Extorsit  metus  silentium,  attonitisque  tantum 
oculis  et  vultibus  mutam  inter  se  agitabant  mcBsti- 
tiam.  Sed  non  mora,  propitia  Divinitas  factum  cor- 
andre-  rexit,  et  stuporcm  paventium  in  Suae  laudis  materiam 
from  that  of  tmnsduxit.     Continuo  enim  serenum  lumen  coelo  emis- 

Kyneanda. 

sum,  cereo  Kynedridse  infulsit,  communionemque  luds 
cunctis  accurrentibufl  exhibuit.  Venerabile  miraculum 
quod  et  antiqms  respondit  et  futuris  praeludit.  Ipsa 
enim  quondam  die  beata  Dei  genitrix  et  perpetua 
Virgo  Maria  tulit  ad  templum  Dei  Dei  Verbum  Filium 
suum.  Quern  senilis  devotio  benignis  astringens  com- 
plexibus  Ipsum  prsedicavit  esse  Qui  lumen  sstemitatis, 
quondam  per  Adam  amissum,  declararet  oculis  omnium 
Prophetic    popTilorum.     Nunc   autem    beata  mulier,  jubar  Anglias 

meaninir  of  ■■  •  • 

theidffn.  per  Dei  gratiam  futurum  alvo  continens,  collatione 
cerei  sui  damna  perditae  lucis  toti  reparavit  agmini: 
hoc  profecto  significante  Spiritu  Sancto,  quod  in  illius 
lateret  ventre,  qui  splendorem  prsedicationis  omni  dif- 
funderet  provincise. 

Bunstan  u        2.  Emcnsis  ergo  post  conceptionem  mensibus,  absolvit  B.  p.  6. 

tiMd*.MSi    partum   fcemina,  effuditque   in  vitam   masculum,  quem  p,  54"   ' 

•named.       continuo   per  ministerium   sacerdotis  Deo   i-enatum    et^»^>«™» 
in .  adoptionem    filiorum   Ejus   translatum    gavisa   est.  Eadmer, 
Dunstanus  infanti  nomen  inditum,  quod  et  montem  et  P-  ^^^' 
petram   sonat;     convenienti    rerum    prsesagio,   quia   in 
utroque   Salvatoris   nostri   pedissequus,   et  montem   se 


7 

I 
I 


AUCTORE  WILLELMO  MALME8BERIENSI. 


255 


B.  p.  7. 
Osbern, 
p.  73. 
Eadmer, 
p.  166. 


His  father 
brings  him 
to  Glaaton- 
buiy. 


B.  p.  8. 
Adelard, 
p.  55. 
Osbeniy 
p.  75. 
Eadmer, 
p.  167. 


He  has  a 
vision  of 
future 
buildings 
there. 


per  virtutura  sublimitatem  et  petram  per  fidei  solidi- 
tatem  exhibuit.  Gratia  enim  eum  divina  excepit,  et 
in  omnibus  dono  liberalitatis  Suae  praevenit  et  provexit. 
Et  jam  junioribus  annis  decursis,  pueritiae  infantia  ces- 
serat,  venitque  ad  solvenda  vota  Glastoniam  illustris 
vir  Herstanus  cum  religiosa  conjuge  et  prosperrimae 
indolis  sobole.  Illis  igitur  in  praefata  ecclesia  excu- 
bias  agentibus,  puer  irrepente  somno  indulsit  quieti. 
Visus  illi  senior  stellanti  vultu,  niveo  habitu,  assistere 
manuque  prensum  per  eircumjecta  loca  ducere,  simul 
dulci  affatu  jocundari  puero,  et  habili  gestu  dexterae 
mensuram  aedificiorum  inibi  per  eum  construendorum 
deliniare.  lUe  solutus  somnio,  et  tunc  parentibus 
assignavit  visionem,  et  cum  aetas  tulit  effectui  manci- 
pavit.  Eadem  enim  forma  posteriori  tempore  abbas 
erexit  tecta  qua  recolebat  sibi  puero  per  angelicum 
indicium  pi'sesignata.  At  vero  parentes  ad  indaginem 
visionis  non  hebetes,  felixque  praesagium  libenter  am- 
plexi,  filium  ibidem  litteris  imbuendum  reKquerunt. 


3.  Nee  vero   illorum   spei   defuit    pusio,   sed   raptim  He  is  an  apt 
elementa  litterarum   addiscens  ad   reliqua  etiam   aJacri 
tendebat   animo.     Meditantem   occupat   febris,   teneras- 
que   paulatim   depasta   medullas    desperabilem    medicis 
facit.     Stemitur  ergo   lecto  et   per  horarum   momenta  His  uincss. 
morti    accedere    videtur.     Certe   animo    absentissimus, 
nee   quid   ageret   norat   discemere,    nee   quid   ab   aliis 
ageretur  poterat  advertere.     Adeo   pestis  cerebro    inse- 
derat  ut  aliena  jactaret  verba  et  freneticus  baud  dubie 
putaretur.     Spes   itaque    parentum  quam   sibi    de   filio 
proposuerant    jam    dabat    terga,    cognatorum    Mgebat 
gaudiimi,    languebat    poUicitatio    medicorum.     Verum- lie  is  given 
tamen  accunit  necessitatis   nee  diutius   passa   puerum  "^' 
torqueri,     pietas     Christi   medicabili    visitationis    Suaa 
praesentia  cuncta  propulsavit  incommoda.     Nee  tamen  He  leaves 
modum  remedii  novit  ipse  qui  sensit,  sed  nocte  intern-  *       "^ 
pesta,  quasi   extasi   captaretur,   domum   cursim   exivit. 


256      '  VITA  SANCTl   DUNSTANI 

A  woman     Exeuntem  secuta  est  mulier  qu8B  cseteris  tsedio  languo-  B.  p.  8. 
lis  stementibus  sola  super  alumnum  solliciias   pweten- ^  g^'"*' 
debat   vigilias.     Nactus    ergo    baculum   quo   vel   viam  Osbcm, 
regeret   vel    obstantes    repelleret,    noctumam   carp^bat  J^^^^^. 
semitam.     Et  ecce  magnum  latrantium   agmen  rapidis  p.  i67. 
Ho  is  beset  in     properautem     inhians     rictibus     obviam    veniebat. 
drives  tkem  QuoFum  unus  infcstior  dum  etiam  terga  premeret,  ille, 
stick.  aliud    esse    interpretatus   quam    canem,   baculiim    totis 

viribus  contortum,  invocato  Christi  Nomine,  in  os 
belufie  s8Bvientis  intentat.  Qua  pueri  constantia  hostis 
elusuB  furvis  infeini  undo  emerserat  se  indidit  umbris. 
Ita  Dunstanus  Jesu  Domini  auxilio  tutus  coeptum  ad 
ecclesiam  callem  persequitur.  Sed  eam  fiimis  intus 
He  climbs  rcpagulis  offendeus  obseratam,  machinas  quibus  insis- 
outside  the  tebaut    architecti    conscendit.      Forte    enim    fastisium 

church.  ,        .  " 

templi    dirutimi    manus   artificum    prsestolabatur.     Ita 

quem  non  sine  cautela   talium    rerum  consueti   moli- 

rentur    ascensum,    ille    intrepidus   invasit.     Jam    vero 

quia  in  interiori  parte  superiora  inferioribus  nulli  con- 

tinuabant   gradus,    minim    quomodo    descenderit.     De- 

scendit  tamen,  inventusque  est  mane  a  quserentibus  in 

He  is  found  Una   porticu   inter    duos    sedituos    tertius,    levi    sopore 

ing  asleep    membra    confotus.     Bogatus    ut    salutis    et    descensus 

""•''•        modum  exponeret,  respondit  se  neutrum  Bcirc,  et  non 

minus  quam  ipsos  de  talibus  miraculum  habere.    Mulier 

sane  quro  pneeuntis  lento  pede  terebat  vestigia,  rerum 

usque  ad  ascensum  index  fuit.     Caetera  ad  banc  diem 

incognita. 

He  studies       4.  Ubi  crgo  Dunstano  salutis  refusus  vigor,  intermis-  B.  p.  lo. 

tuider  the  °  o     '  Osbem 

Jj*ni.«i  ^^^  litterarum  studium  acrius.  aggressus,  nihil  quod  p  74,  ' 
cura  sua  dignum  eestimaret  inexpertum  reliquit.  Con- 
veniebat  honestis  studiis  divinse  serenitatis  assensus, 
conciliando  ei  magistros,  tum  indigenas  turn  et  Hiber- 
nienses.  Hujusce  quippe  nationis  homines  cum  magna 
frequentia  locum  incolebant  iUum ;  viri  usquequaque 
peritissimi,  et  qui  liberales  artes  ad  plenum  subdidis- 
sent  ingeniis,  quique  ut  perfectius    philosophise   inser- 


Bcholars. 


AUCTORE  WILLELMO  MALMESBERIENSL  257 

B.  p.  10.     virent,  relicto  natali  solo  cunctarumque  necessitudinum  Hertudies 
pp.  74/77,  t^ffectibus    objuratis,    Glastoniam    contenderant,  Patricii  tare«, 
"®-  primi   praedicatoris  sui  amore   adducti,  cujus  corporales 

exuvise    ibi    ab    antiquo    habentur    repositae.     Horum 
ergo  discipulatui  Dunstanus  deditus  sacram  scripturam 
medullitus  ad  extremam  satietatem  hausit;  saecularium 
litterarum  quiddam  negligendum,  non  nihil   etiam  ap- 
petendum    putavit.     Poetarum    siquidem   scripta   dum-  poetiy. 
taxat   quae  fabulis  slrepimt,  et   artes  quae   citra   utili- 
tatem   animae    armant    eloquium    transemiter    audivit. 
Axitlimeticam  porro.  cum  geometria  et  astronomia  etgjthjji. 
musica  quae  appendent,  gratanter  addididt,  et  diligen-  music, 
ter  excoluit.     Est  quippe  in  illis  et  magna  exercitatio 
scientiae    et   veritatis    integra    castitas,   et    mirabilium 
Dei  non  vana  consideratio.     H!aruni   artium   scientiam 
hodie  quoque  Hibemenses  pro  magno  pollicentur ;  caete- 
rum  ad   formanda  Latine  verba  et   integre  loquendum 
minus  idonei.    Quapropter  cum  caeterarum  tum  maxime  His  skiu 

•  111*  1  •      i_  1  •         1  .in  musici 

musicae  dulcedine  captus,  instrumenta  ejus  tum  ipse 
libenter  exercere,  tum  ab  aliis  exerceri  diilce  habere. 
Ipse  citharam,  si  quando  litteris  vacaret,  sumere,  ipse 
dulci  strepitu  resonantia  fila  quatere.  Jam  vero  illudonthe 
instrumentum  quod  antiqui  barbiton,  nos  organa  dici- 
mus,  tota  difiudit  Anglia;  ubi  ut  fistula  sonum  com- 
ponat  per  miiltiforatiles  tractus  "  pulsibus  exceptas,  follis 
"  vomit  anxius  auras."  Hoc  porro  exercebatur  non  ad 
lenocinium  voluptatum,  sed  ad  divini  amoris  indta- 
mentum,  ut  etiam  ad  litteram  impleretur  illud  Daviti- 
Ps.  cL  8,4  cum,  *'  Laudate  Dominum  in  psalterio  et  cithara ;  laudate 
"  Eum  in  chordis  et  organo." 

B.  p.  10.         5.  Interea  aetas  progressior,   et  adolescentiae   foribuBHisp««nts 

"  -  urge  hiir  " 

take  Ho 
Orders. 


p  77"'      insistens,  spem  parentum  olim  de  puero  conceptam  inSEHoSy 


majus  animabat.  Quam  ^  illi  religiosis  alentes  affectibus 
ut  sacros  ordines  redperet  invitaverunt  filium,  divinum 
circa    eum   favorem   non   negligendum   arbitrati.     Hie, 

^  Quam"]  quern,  MS. 

R 


258  VITA  SANCTI   DTJNSTAKI 

HegocBto   ne   prsecipientibus    durus    videretur,   supposuit  coUum,  B.  p.  lo. 
Atheim,      minoribus   sradibus   titulatus  ad  Dei  genitricis  ecde-  ?^„   ' 
of  Canter-    siam    provectufl,    sui    maiermque    miraculi    consciam.  Eadmer, 

buxy,  who  ..••  ,  ,  i_d   168 

prwfflnts      Ita   sacns   imtiatus    ad   patruum   suuin,  (ex  monacno  *^* 
Atheistan.    Qlaatoniensi  primus  Wellensis  episcopus)  Cantuariensem 
archiepiscopum,  Athelmum,   contendit^  ex   cognati  pec- 
toris aucioritaie  religioms   exemplum  stunpturus.     Ex- 
cepit  nepotem   archiepiscopus   qua   decebat   dignatione, 
patrio  affectu   qusecunque  commoda  liberaliter   et   af- 
fluenter    indulgens.      Deinde    spectata    ejus    alacritate 
iugenii;  cui   etiam   mores   non   disaiderent,  regi  Athel- 
stano,  quern  sacra  unctione  in  regem  ipse  sublimaverat, 
commendare  curavit.    Accessit  curae  pontificis  industria 
adolescentis^  qua  brevi   effectum  ut  per  se   commenda- 
bilior  esset  tarn  regi  quam   aulicis.     Familiarium   ergo 
partdum    habebatur^   nee    erat   quisquam    in   curia   id 
setatis  juvenis  qui  posset  cum   rege  aut  esse  secretius 
He  becomes  aut  loqui  jocundius.    Denique  frequenter   ante   ilium, 
andexposed  vel  vocali  mclo  citharsB   vel   tympani  sono   psallebat, 
ofthecour-  nuuc  ut  curas  depelleret,  nunc   ut  soporem   somni  dis- 
cuteret.     Felix  eventus  excitavit  cognatorum  invidiam, 
qui   adolescentis    successum   reputarent   suse   felicitatis 
detrimentum.     Quocirca    opinionem    ejus  apud   regem 
lacerare  aggressi,  dicebant  eum  maleficis   artibus  niti, 
proindeque    gratiam    regalein     mercari.      Bepulit    iUe 
primo  susurronum  calumnias,  livori  attribuens  delationis 
amaritudinem.     Hoc   illi   acrius   instare   et   occasiones 
rimari  donee  rem   divinae   dignationis   in  argumentum 
concinnarent  furoris. 
Sted?"         ^*  Rogatus  est  Dunstanus  a  quadam  matrona  Alwinna^  B.  p.  20. 
Bthdwynn  nomine  domum  suam  venire,  quatenus  in  casula  sacer-S/gQ™' 
p^m  tor  dotali  faceret  picturam,  imde  pueUas  susb  insuendi  auri  Eadmer, 
traherent   formam.      Opus   plumariimi    vocant    Latini.  ^' 
Erat  enim  Dunstanus  etiam   pingendi  artifex,  aemulari 
arte  naturam,  et  quicquid  vidisset  uspiam  spedosum  a 


>  The  iEthelwynn   of  the   first  I  mentioned     by    the     intennediate 
biographer  (p.  21).    No  name  is  |  writers. 


AUCTORE  WILLELMO  MALMESBERIENSI.  259 

B.  pp.  20,   vivo  animali   in  mutiim  transferre  simulacrum.    Venit  Hw  harp 
Osbern       ®^S^  ^^  assedit  open.     Interim  cithara  ejus  paxillo  ap-  antLm  un- 
p.  80.         pensa  canoros  edere  sonos,  et  sine  uUo  digitorum  pulsu  human    ^ 
p  i^^'"'     hujus  antiphonae  melodiam  modulari  audita  est,  "Gau- 
"  dent  in  eoelis  animse  sanctorum/' -et  csetera.     Mirum 
id,  ut  erat  videri  cseteris  et  maxime   mulierculis,   Iseto 
plausu  gannientibus ;  Dunstano*  autem,  cujus  et  sensus 
perspicacior  et  oculus  interius  mundior,  non  tam  videri 
prsesentis  rei  miraculum  quam  futurge  mysterium.     In-  Dunstan 
tellexit  enim  cantu  hoc  se  admonitum  ad  tribulationum  a  warning, 
tolerantiam,  quo   fidentius   Christi  opperiretur  gloriam. 
Respondit    rerum    Veritas    veraci    prsesagio.     Namque 
sutores   calunmiarum   rem   quasi   Dunstani  maleficium    . 
curisB   auribus   intulerunt.     Serpsit  rumor  ab  unis  in  Hie  enemies 
alteros    omnesque   Kvidis  t)btutibus  adolescentem  aspi-ofwitch- 
ciebant.     Quod    quamvis    iUe    animadverteret,    omnes 
tamen   susiuros   malignantium   s^cut  ScyUaeos  latratus 
placido  et  potius  obturato  transibat  auditu.    Nee  minus, 
secundum  prseceptum   Salvatoris,  bona  pro  malis  red- 
B.  pp.  11,  dens,  persecutores  suos  blande  alloqui,  ipsis  etiam  be- 
Osbem,      nigne  et  opportune  obsequi.     Quo  illi  nihil  infiractiores 
fej^'        calumnias   serere   in  vulgus  non  cessabant.     Nee  priusTheHnjia 
pp.171.'     abstiterunt  quam  res  et  regis  aures  obsedit  et  animoa  "^^  pun- 
^^^'  a  Dunstano  avertit.     Ita  turbatis  rebus  adolescens  curia  *^<»"rt. 

ultro  cedendum  putavit.     Excedentem  machinatores  fla- 
gris   adorsi ;   parum   abfuit   quin    exanimarent.      Nam 
equo   dejectum,  foedeque   caesimi   calcibus,  quo  tardius 
exsurgeret    pressum   egerunt    in    coenum.     Tum   quasi  He  is  at- 
furori    probe    satisfecissent,    abierunt.      Die    vero   vix  plunged  in 
segreque  luto  emergens  in  villam   cujusdam  affinis'  sui 
e  vicino  commanentis  concessit.     Jam  vero  domui  pro- 
pinquante,  canes  domestici  oblitum  cceno  et  horrendum 
visu   conspicati,   pene   fiiit  ut   invaderent.      Sed  dciox,  Jg^wgog- 
blandientis  voce  cognita,  frsenarunt  impetum  et  adulan-  jeighbonr'B 
tibus  caudis  domum  introduxerunt.     Hanc  canum  mu- 
tationem  primo  Dunstani  excepit  mtspirium,  mox  etiam 
hujusmodi   dictum,  ''Altemat,  ut  video,  natura  rerum, 

B  2 


260 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


Dunstan'B 
reflexions. 


"  duin   cognati   bestiali   feritate  ssBvi,  et  canes  in   me  B.  p.  is. 
«  humana  leaitate  sint  blandi.     Sed    patienter  feren-  ^.t"' 
"  dum  est  quod  Deus  jubet,  quia  pulchrum  Sua  gratia  Eadmer, 
"  dedit   commercium,  quoniam    assentantur   canes    etsi  ^' 
"  adversantur  homines." 


He  goes  to 
Winchester, 
to  visit 
Elfege. 


Correction 
of  a  state- 
ment of 
Osbem. 


Elfege  ad- 
vises him  to 
become  a 
monk. 


He  is  re- 
luctant. 


Bis  illness. 


7.  Hujus  tempestatis*jactatione  discussa,  Dunstanus  b.  pp.  is, 
Wintoniam  ire  perrexit.  Erat  turn  ibi  Deo  acceptissi-  J*- 
mus  sacerdos  Alphegus  cognomento  Calvus,  cujus  con-  pp.  82/83. 
sanguinitatis  lineam  proximo  gradu  Dunstanus  attin-  ^^YL^^' 
gebat.  Hunc  fuisse  monachum  Glastoniensem  certum  178. 
et  abbatem  constans  apud  Wintonienses  opinio  est. 
Unde  perspicuum  est  quod  is,  quisquis  est,  fallitur  qui 
beatum  Dunstanum  monachos  in  Glastonia  posuisse  et 
primum  ibi  abbatem  fuisse  allegare  conatur.  Nam  ut 
in  epistola  dixi,^  et  tempore  nativitatis  ejus  Alduhunus 
abbas  ibidem  fuisse  cognoscitur;  et  hie  Alphegus  ante 
monachus  quam  abbas  Dunstanus.  Ad  hunc  ergo  veniens 
ssepeque  ab  eo  salubribus  monitis  pulsatus  ut  mona- 
chus fieret,  distulit  facetis  responsis  episcopum  vel  elu- 
dens  vel  suspendens,  nonnunquam  etiam  monachorum 
vitam  non  magis  placere  Deo  quam  laicorum  cavillatus. 
Irrepserat  enim  jam  adolescenti  voluptatum  fomes,  ut 
nihil  minus  quam  monachum  cogitaret.  Quapropter 
Deo  dilectus  episcopus,  qui  praevideret  in  spiritu  quan- 
tmn  deperiret  religioni  dilatio  habitus  mutandi,  totius 
devotionis  in  orationem  diffudit  viscera,  quatenus  ado- 
lescens  flagello  admoneretur  corporeo,  ne  animse  obsta- 
ret  commodo.  Auditum  est  continuo  in  coelis  quod  ille 
submurmuraverat  in  terris,  et  scintilla  caritatis  ex 
corde  procedens  episcopi  reluxit  in  Dunstano  ad  flam- 
mam  segrotationis.  *Ita  enim  vesicis  turgentibus  per 
totum  corpus  intumuit,  ut  morbo  intercutis  vel  regia 
valetudine  laborare  videretur.  Hoc  periculo  territus 
nunciis  missis  rogavit  ejus  adventum.     Maturavit  iter 


*  Above,  p.  251. 


AUCrORE  WILLELMO  MALM£SB£BI£NSI.  261 

episcopus,  et  veniena   audit   quod  diu  optaverat.  Dun-  puMtan 
stanum  anxie  expetere  quod  ante  rogatus  supersederat  monk, 
facere.     Datur  ergo  effectus   desiderio,  alteratur  Dun- 
stanus  et  fit  monachus. 
^-  pp<  H>       Insequalitate  igitur  corporis  fugata,  mansionem  circa  He  stavs 
Elfegum  protelavit,  ut  in  ejus  vita  legeret  quid  regu-  ^ 
lare    tenere   deberet.      Interea    oblitterandmu  non   est 
quanta  sub  illo  tempore  providentiae  divinse  pietas  am- 
bobus  consuluerit.     Rogatu  civium  suorum  dedicaverat  Dedication  , 
pontifex  ecclesiam  extra  occidentalem  civitatis  portam. 

,  Solenniis    expletis,  petitus    ut    domum  unius  convivio 
dignaretur   suo,   caritati    non    defiiit   invitatoris.     Jam 

.  vero  luce  ocddua  cum  vespertinum  crepusculum  vide- 
ret  accedere,  data  benedictione  convivis  Dunstano  comi-  Dunstan 
tante   valefedt.     Tum  forte  viantibus  obtulit  se  beati  returning 
papse  Grefforii  ecclesia  vise  contermina.     lUam   ex  vo-''w«thavea 

,        .  .  ,  .  minculoos 

luntate  prsesulis  ingressi  completorium  dicturiebant.  "«pein 
Jamque  pro  more  junctis  et  inclinatis  capitibus  confi-o^s-Gre- 
tebantur,  et  ecce  ingens  lapis,  ambiguum  quo  casu,  tecto 
elapsus,  ita  illorum  periculo  proximus  fuit,  ut  ambo- 
rum  libaret  csesariem  sed  non  turbaret  salutem.  Cre- 
diderim  insidias  antiqui  hostis  fuisse,  qui  totis  machi- 
nis  saxum  detorserit,  cum  saluti  utrorumque  invidens 
tum  etiam  alterius  celsitudinem  futuram  suspectam 
habens.  Sed  e  vicino  repulit  ejus  caUiditatem  divina 
dignatio,  volens  ut  illi  de  hoste  optimam  raperent  prse- 
dam,  non  ille  de  ipsis  usurparet  victoriam. 


r-^ 


8.  Isdem  diebus  Dimstanus,  eodem  antistite  jubente,  ad  ^JSjJS** 
gratiam  presbyteratus  accessit,  habens  ad  eundem  gra-  pneat 
dum  collaterales  collegas  Athelwoldum  et  Ethelstanmn. 
Hii  viri,  sicut    par    in  bono   habuere    principium,  ita 
divisum  habuerunt  exitum.     Quod,  spiritu  medullis  in- 
fluente,  Elfegus  prsesentiens,  ipsa  eadem  die  ordinationis  EifeRo'g 
cum    mensse   assideret,  tali    secretum    mentis  sermone  about  hM 

...  •         *nd  his 

resolvit.     "  Hodie  sub  ope  Dei  tribus  viris  manum  im-  companions. 
"  posui,  quorum  primus  erit  apud  Cantiam  archiepisco- 
''  pus,  secundus  mihi  quandoque  in  hac  sede  succes- 


262 


VITA  SANCn  DUNSTAKI 


Vulfllment 
of  the  pre- 
diction. 


Dunstan 

gpeito 

Olaston- 

bunr.and 

buildg 

himself  a 

oeli  there* 


His  labour! 
andmortifl' 
cations. 


Thedeyil 
oomessad 
asks  him  to 
do  some 
smith's 
worlc 


"  surus^  tertiufl  abjecto  religionis  quo  nunc  velatur 
"  simulacro  vitam  terminabit  in  voluptatum  volutabro/'^ 
Nihil  hac  prophetia  mirabilius  aut  divinius ;  nihil  ejus 
eflFectu  verius  aut  sincerius.  Dunstanus  siquidem  postea 
cuhnen  archiepiscopatus,  Athelwoldus  ordinem  episco- 
patus  conacendit;  Ethelstanus  ut  canis  reversus  ad 
vomitum  miserabile  apostasise  fiiit  exemplum. 

9.  Nee  multo  post  Dunstanus  Glastoniam  a  pontifice  Osbern, 
missus  est,  ut  qui  abunde  mores  ad  unius  composue- ^^^^ 
rat  speculum,  nunc  ad  multorum  coaptaret  exemplum.  p.  173. 
Ibi  prseter  quotidianam  cantandi  sollertiam,  ne  mens 
inerti  marceret  otio,  manuiun  se  dedit  exercitio.     Sed 
ut  operanti  suppeteret  diversorium,  quoddam  prope  Dei 
genitricis  ecclesiam  tecto  appendice  continuavit  spatium. 
Jam  vero  par  est  animadvertere  quanta  cura  colebat 
ff^ninfiiiTTij  ut  eo  loci  scdcm  poneret  quo  etiam  licentiores 
cogitatus  interpellaret  et  argueret.     Mentem  ergo  frse- 
nabat  loci  reverentia,  simulque  corpus  arctabant  jejunia. 
Ibi  manus  applicabat  operi,  labia  psahnis,  animos  coelis. 
Ibi  currebat  per  tabulam  stilus,  per  paginam  calamus. 
Ibi  sumebat  pincillum  ut  pingeret,  scalpellum  ut  scul- 
peret.     Et,  ut  fa^iam  compendium,  ibi  exercebatur  quic- 
quid    est    lidtarum    et    utilium    artium.      Denique   et 
fabrile  studium  quondam   aggressum    vicinia  frequens 
ad  emendandas  receUas  ^  suas  precibus  fatigabat.     Ule  in 
commime  bonus  omnibus,  nihil   alicui  negare,  sBquum  Osbem, 
aflFectum  cunctis  prsestare.     Inde  diabolus    occasionem  ^^^^j. 
aucupatus,  quadam  die  sole  jam  occasiun  meditante,  ad  p.  174. 
fenestram   astitit  quidlibet    opens    molienti.      Intuitus 
Dunstanus    eum,   qui    et   oris   hilaritatem    et  hominis 
prsetenderet  effigiem,  dolos  non  attendit.     Quocirca  ro- 
gantem  ut,  opere  quod  coeperat  intermisso,  suis  serviret 
usibus,  non  aspematus  manum  ejus  sug^estioni  appUcuit. 
Inter  haec  inimicus  sermone  coUato  verba  delicata  jac- 


'  Our  author  tells  the  same  story 
in  the  Gefita  Fontificum  (ed.  Hamil- 
ton), pp.  164,  165.    See  too  Wulf- 


stan'fi  life  of  S.  Ethelwold,Mahl1Ion, 
AA.  SS.  O.  S.  B.  8IBC.  V.  p.  599. 
3  receiias}  altered  from  resceJlas,  Q. 


AUCTOBE  WILLELMO  MALMESBEBIEKSI. 


263 


Osbern, 
p.  85. 

p.  174. 


Lucan. 
Pban. 
X.  132. 


iabat    in    medium,    mollitiem    inferebat    foeminarum.  He  begins 
Yeromtamen    ne    aperta    fronte   proderentur   argutids,  loosely, 
simulationis  velabatur  pallio,  eludens  juvenem  religionis 
fuco.     Nee  mora,  relietis  bonis  rediebat  ad  noxia,  talia 
commemorans   quae   possent    eujuslibet    religiosi    robur 
enervare,  vigorem  inflectere.     Audiebat  haec  sanctus,  et 
multa  volutabat  animo.     Tandemque,   instinctu  credo 
Dei,   ariifieem  doU    comperiens   ad  ultionem  armatur. 
Forcipes  itaque  ferrarias  celeriter  expedit,  easque  foeoj^stan 
immittens  in  majori  flatu  fomaculam  exsusciiat.     Stri-  toogs. 
debat  ergo  incendium,  fervebant  tenacula.     Quad   can- 
dentia  oorripieiis  in  fa«iein  portenti.  jam  se  deprehen- 
sum  intelligentis  jamque  fugam  parantis,  vibrat.     lUe 
longe  reducta  £adie   ictum  cavet.     Sed  insistit  pronis  He  takes 
nisibus  presbyter,  jamque  impudentes  fauces  ignito  ferro  the  jawi. 
prsBcluserat.     Nee  ullo  modo  efFdgisset  pestifer  nisi,  ad 
notas  recurrens  artes,  inter  manus  tenentis  in  noctur- 
nas  elaberetur  auras.     Fugiens  tanto  hiatu  insonuit,  ut, 
procul  repercusso  aere,  hujusmodi  vox  pene  toti  audi- 
retur  provincise,   "  O   quid  fecit   calvus  iste !     O   quid 
"  fecit  calvus   iste!"    Jocatus  vel  potius  grassatus  in 
hominem  cui,  refiigis  a  fronte   capillis,  damnosa  caesa- 
ries  erat.     Diluculo  vicinis  a  Dunstano  auctorem  ulu-  Bimstan 
latus  percunctantibus,  respondit ''  diabolum  fuisse :  ipsum  J^^S^^of 
"  inquam  nunc  sibi   struere  insidias   qui   quondam   in 
''  palatio  conflasset  calumnias  ;  ipsum  nunc  blandientem 
"  ad  vitia,  sed  post  exacturum  supplicia.     Cujus  com- 
"  moti  clamor  intolerabilis  monet  ut  caveatur  consor- 
''  tium  in  poenis."     Dixit  plura  fortassis  ad  banc  sen- 
tentiam    quae    magis    conjicienda    sunt    animo    quam 
committenda  scripto. 


the  de^. 


B.  p.  15. 
Osbem, 
p.  89. 
Eadmer, 
p.  179. 


10.  Eodem  tempore  Olastoniensis  ecdesiae  monacbus.  Death  of 
felicem  vitae  sortitus  terminum,  feliciter  supremum  in-  ^"^''^* 
cunii  arbitrium.     Is  erat  Wlfredus  nomine,'    diaconus 


*  The  name  seems  to  be  taken  directly  from  the  original  biographer ; 
above,  p.  15. 


264 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


He  appears 
to  Dutastan, 
and  foretells 
hU  future 
life. 


Donstan 
demands  a 
sign. 


Wull^ed 
points  out 
a  place 
wnerea 
priest  will 
be  buried 
within  three 
di^s. 


Fulfilment 
of  the  sign. 


ordine,  adolescens  sBtate,  Dunstano  jam  inde  a  pueritia  B.  p.  15. 
sancta  devinctus  amicitia.  Qiue  inter  eos  parili  virtu-  ^g^T*' 
turn  et  monim  coaluerat  studio,  nee  earn  ulla  unquam  Eadmer, 
amara  dumtaxat  interpellaverat  offensio.  Hie  post  ^' 
paucum  decessus  sui  tempus  amieo  apparuit  noete, 
familiari  qua  eognoseeretur  specie.  Turn  visus  futursd 
vitee  seriem  ad  unguem  exponere,  adversa  et  prospera 
juxta  et  incunctanter  prsedicere.  Nee  tamen  ad  audita  " 
Dunstanus  credulo  statim  exilivit  gaudio,  doctus  in 
omnibus  apponere  cautelam,  adhibere  diligentiam.  Qua- 
propter,  ut  etiam  in  ^omniaatis  animo  contempleris 
sapientiam,  visus  est  talia  referre,  "  Pulchra  sunt/'  inquit, 
"  quse  promittis,  sed  quo  indicio  habeam  fidem  pro- 
"  missis  ?"  Turn  ille  manu  ut  videbatur  comprehensum 
duxit  ad  australem  partem  atrii  ecclesisB  s8Bpe  nomi- 
natae.  Scatebat  ibi  tota  humus  defunetonun  memoriis, 
ita  ut,  sicut  hodie  quoque  apparet,  vix  alicubi  pedem 
poneres  si  non  ad  aUquod  sepulcrum  offenderes.  Parvu-  ' 
lum  modo  erat  spatium  hujus  immune  injurise,  ubi  vide- 
batur intactus  cespes  et  herbosa  virens  planitie.  **  Hie/' 
ait,  et  digito  locum  ostendit  ad  verse  visionis  indicium, 
"  sepelietur  presbyter  infra  triduum,  qui  nullum  adhuc 
"  patitur  incommodum,  corpus  autem  ejus  ab  occidental! 
"  parte  hue  deferetur  tumulandum."  Dixit  et  evanuit ; 
alter  etiam  sopore  solutus  surrexit.  Nee  vero  diu 
ingrato  indulait  silentio,  quin  continue  mane  amicis 
visionem  communicaret.  Simulque  ad  fidem  dictorum 
jaculatus  calculum  in  locum  prsedictum,  subjecit,  "Si 
"  vera  est  visio,  illic  infra  hoc  triduum  tumulabitur 
"  presbyteri  corpus  qui  adhuc  est  alacer  et  sanus/^ 
Vix  illi  discesserant,  et  ecce  capellanus  matronae  nobiUs 
Ethelfledse  ad  eundem  se  locum  matutinus  agebat.  Is 
cum  totum  cimiterium  circuisset  oculis  tantillumque 
spatii  mortuorum  vidisset  carere  reliquiis,  ait  his  qui 
in  tempore  advenerant  ajdituis,  "  Paciscar  quaeso  vobis- 
"  cum  hanc  gratiam,  ut  cum  anima  exuerit  corpus  hie 
"  sit  requietionis  mese  locus.''  Assentientibus  Ulis  abiit, 
statimque    tactus    incommode    naturaeque   cedens,   ubi 


AUCrORE  WILLELMO  MALMESBERIEKSI. 


265 


B.  p.  16. 
Osbem, 
p.  90. 
Eadmer, 
p.  180. 


B.  p.  16. 
Osbem, 
p.  85. 
Eadmer, 
p.  1 75. 


B.  p.  18. 
Osbeni, 
p.  86. 
Eadmer, 
p.  176. 


EtbeUreda 
oomeeto 
Glaston- 
buiy. 


rogaverat   ante   triduiim    sepulcrum    promeruit.     Nihil  Dunstim 
erat    ultra    quod    de    missione    Dunstanus    ambigeret.  incraue  in 
Quapropter  ad  virtutum  incrementa  exsurgere,  ludicris  virtue. 
mundanis,  si   quse    animo   ejus  restiterant,   valefacere ; 
conari    prorsus    ut   labor   suus    accederet    Dei   gratise, 
quatenus  quae  sibi  promittebantur  gratuito  non  confer- 
rentur  immerito.     Nee  vero  ejus  industria  in  vacuum 
cessit,    quin    potius   cum   multiplici   Dei  gratia  &vor 
potentum   hominum   bene   viv^nti   non   defiiit.     Quod 
uno  exemplo  faciam  in  propatulo,  si  prius  qu^dam  ad 
id   pertinentia,   quasi  extrinsecus  a   materia,    posuero. 
Brevi  ergo  diverticulo  utar  si  forte   relationis  necessi- 
tatem  £Eu^t  brevitas  lectionis  excusabilem. 

11.  Neptis  Ethelstani  regis  Ethelfreda/  summse  poten- 
tiflB  fcemina^  de  cujus  presbytero  paulo  ante  dixi,  viro  de 
compari  nobilitate  nupsit  primo  vere  adolescenti^.  Is 
cum  diem  dausisset,  castitatem  suam  Deo  consecravit, 
ut  nunquam  post  primi  damna  tori  secundos  experiretur 
ignes.  Quod  ut  expeditius  teneret,  Glastoniam  sese  in 
otium  contulit,  sedificatis  propter  ecclesiam  domibus, 
sive  ut  Dei  genitricis  familiarius  inhsereret  obsequiis, 
sive  ut  Dunstani  liberius  frueretur  colloquio.  Erat 
enim  ejus  proxima  cognata,  et,  ad  bonum  audiendum 
flalutaribus  animata  monitis,  quotidianis  etiam  ne  defice- 
ret  roborabatur  exemplis.  Utrumque  ergo  agebat  sedulo, 
tantumque  corporis  curee  deerat  quantum  illis  operam 
impendebat.  Proinde  vicario  dilectionis  munere  tan- 
tum  illi  Domina  nostra  impertiebatur  gratise  ut  nee  in 
minimis  eam  contristari  sustineret.  Quod  dictum  ut 
evadat  ambiguitatis  offensam  argumentum  subnectam. 

12.  Rex  Athelstanus,  quo  nuUus  unquam  regum  vel  AfheisUui 
in  pace  justior  vel  in  bello  victoriosior  fuit,  Glastoniam  tonbuxy. 
veniebat.    Quo  Ethelfleda  cognito  matrona,  quse  cum  in 
omnes  tum  pronius  in  regiam   sobolem   semper   fuisset 
dapsilis,  mandat  ei  ut  non  asperoanter  ad  se  pransurus 


and  builds 
henelf  a 
house  there. 


Her  devo- 
tion to  the 
Bleflsod 
Virgin. 


1  The  ^thelfleda  of  the  first  biographer,  p.  16 ;  the  Elgifu  or  iBthelgifu 
of  OsberD,  p.  85 ;  the  ^Ifgiva  of  Eadmer,  p.  175. 


266  VITA  SANCn  dunstani 

Heaoce^   introeat.     Expositis  maxidatis  oneravit  frontem  regiaan  B.  p.  is. 
tl???L  ^     pudor.   Si  enim  obaudiens  dicto  non  esset,  reverebatur  ne  ^*^™'o* 

Ethelftreda     ^  ^  pp.  86, 87. 

and  sends    ancillam  Dei  commoveret ;  si  veniret,  timebat  ne  minus  Eadmer, 

his  servants  '  n    I7fi 

Bh(?^^**    sufficientem  paratum  ostenderet.    Librato  ergo  consilio,  ^ 
plenty  of     ut  nec  neptis  precibus  resisteret  nee  ipse   verecundiam 

suam  urgeretj  misit  ministros  qui  sufficientiam   victus  i 

explorarent.     lUi  concito  equorum  cursu  arva  morantia 
rapientes  jussum  exsequuntur,  renunciantque  invitatrici  , 

de  cffiteris  quidem  plurimum,  de   hydromeUe  vero   mi-  ' 

nimum  esse,     Hujus   si   possit  emendari  detrimentum, 
nihil  obsiare.  quin  rex  ad  ejus  concordet  votum.     Quod 
ubi   accepit   mulier   immodicae  in  Deo    spei   respondit, 
the^irffn    "  Nolit  unquam  sancta  Christi  mater,  ut  propter  minus 
that  she      «  sufficientem  huiusmodi  potum   dominus   rex   declinet 

may  not  be  or 

put  to  shame "  meam    domum."      Et    cum   dicto   templum   iuOTessa 

on  account  ^  ^ 

oj^owant  compellat  Virginem,  ut  quod  deerat  de  industria  sup- 
pleret  ipsa  ex  misericordia ;  ipsa  dolium  emendaret, 
ipsa  pateras  spiunantes  coronaret.  Has  pieces  cassas 
non  fiiisse  ostendit  miraculum  e  vestigio  subsecutum. 
Assedit  rex  mensss    totas    secum   in  prandium  trabens  ^ 

catervas.  Accelerant  pincemae  inter  et  post  dapes  fre- 
quentioribus  poculis  invitare  convivarum  hilaritatem. 
Apportant  ultro  citroque  potionem  Anglis  gratam  et 
pene  naturalem.  Contendebat  liquor  cum  haustoribus, 
et  quasi  de  fonte  scaturiens  da.mni8  increscebat  suis. 
Crederes  hydriam  fannse  et  lecythum  olei,  quibus  Sa- 
reptenam  viduam  ipse  pascebat  qui  pasci  yenerat.  i  Kings,  zrii. 
utSrth^^  Verumtamen  nescias  an  hie  majore  miraculo  et  excel- 
commg.  lentiore  gratia,  quia  ibi  unius  sustentata  est  natura,  ' 
istic  multorum  oppleta  est  gula.  Sed  profecto  imitata 
est  mater  Domini  Filii  miraculum  in  deserto,  quando 
sub  dentibus  crevit  panis,  et  majus  augmentum  invenit 
in  mensa  quam  in  unda  piscis.  Applausit  rex  miraculo 
per  ministros  cognito,  nimietatem  suam  ultro  inculpans, 
qua  potuisset  Ethelfreda  premi  si  noluisset  ei  Mftria 
opitulari. 

13.  Expedita  re  quae  aliquantum  deviabat   a  propo- 
sito,  nunc  cam  aggrediar  quae  partem  Dunstani  spectat 


AUOTORE  WILLELMO  MALMESBERIENSI. 


267 


B.  p.  18. 
Osbeni, 
p.  87. 
Eadmer, 
p.  176. 


B.  p.  19. 
Osbern, 
p.  88. 
Eadmer, 
p.  177. 


e  proximo.  Haec  eadem  matrona^  decursa  religiosissime 
prsesentiB  vit^  meta,  lethalem  valetudinem  iniit.  Jam- 
que  morbus  quatiebat  vitalia,  et  ilia,  Dimstano  quadam 
die  accito,  ad  ingressum  alterius  sseculi  oratione  et 
confessione  animam  composuit.  Hsec  occupatio  sane* 
turn  avocaverat  ne  ilia  die  vesperis  monachorum  in- 
teresset.  Curis  explicitis,  ciun  damnum  sarcire  vellet, 
ad  ecdeQiam  cum  scholasticis  contendit.  Stabait  ergo 
prse  foribus  davigerum  opperiens.  Et  ecce  porrectis  in 
sublime  oculis,  vidit  alitem  pemici  volatu  aera  secare. 
Diligentius  intuitus  animadvertit  esse  columbam  scin- 
tiUanti  alarum  plausu  flammeam^  inteUexitque  esse 
Spiritum  Sanctum.  Qui  quondam  ejusdem  avis  mu- 
tuatus  simulacrum  apud  Jordanem  descendit  in  Domi^ 
num  Christum.  Laetis  igitur  luminibus  tam  gloriosam 
visionem  hauriens,  acuto  volantem  prosequebatur  in- 
tuitu, donee  tecto  decumbentis  vidit  illapsum.  Beflexo 
proinde  pede,  eo  unde  venerat  impigre  revertitur.  Pul- 
santi  ostium  patuit,  sed  murmur  intra  cortinam  auditur, 
gradum  festinantis  continuit.  Interrogat  ancillas  forin- 
secus  excubanteS;  quisnam  cum  domina  interius  con- 
sereret  sermones.  NihU  illse  certum  referunt  nisi  quod 
nuperrime  jubar  splendidissimum  domo  infulgens  om- 
nem  tenebrarum  crassitudinem  dispulerit^  '^Et  extunc/' 
inquiunt;  "usque  modo,  pnetento  ante  nos  velo, 
"  loquitur  cum  aliquo."  Persistit  pius  explorator,  aure 
apposita^  donee  cessaret  sermocinatio  altema.  Tum  im- 
missus  cortinse  domestica  personam  coUocutoris  percunc- 
tatur  audada.  At  felix  matrona  vultu  pladdo  renitens, 
.Quasi  vero  tu,"  inquit,  "non  iUum  videris  de  quo 
percunctaris.  Ipse  tibi  prse  foribus  ecclesise  visus 
"  est :  Ipse  a  me  omnem  hujus  mortis  sollicitudinem  de- 
"  molitus  est.  Quapropter  de  hoc  excessu  nee  tibi  nee 
"  cseteris  amicis  meis  lamentandum  censeo,  quia  non  est 
"  hsec  vitae  amissio,  sed  de  captivitate  in  libertatem 
"  migratio.  Tibi  autem  speciales  gratias  et  ago  et 
"  habeo,  quoniam  banc  beatitudinem  meam  tuis  monitis, 
"  tuis  exemplis  debeo.     Nee  vero  fructu  laborum   tuo- 


Illneas  of 
Ethelfreda. 


Dunstan 
Bees  the 
mystic  dove. 


Ho  hears 
Efhelfreda 
convening 
behind  her 
curtain. 


it 


it 


She  tells 
him  with 
whom  she 
has  been 
talking. 


268  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

tor^h^t   "  ^^°^  excides,  quoniam  quod  cum  aliquanto  labore  in  B.  p.  29. 

Baonment8,  «  me  sevisti  cum  gaudio  metes.     Hanc  porro  unam  et^^J^' 
"  supremam  petitionem  dilectricis  tuse,  dilecte  dilector,  Eadmer, 
"  ne  respuas,  ut,  cum  aurora  in  primos  ortus   eruperit,  ^'  ^^^' 
"  ad     ingrediendum    longum   iter    sacra    unctione    et 
"  vivifica  commimione  me  commimias."     Dixit  et  con- 
valescente  morbo  exercebatur.     Nihil  fiiit  ex  his   quod 
segniter     impleret    Dimstanus,    omnium     obsequiorum 

uiddies.  officiis  abeuntcm  animam  prosecutus^  pulchro  et  mi- 
rabili  prorsus  ordine>  ut,  cum  ille  mane  missam  cantans 
eam  communicasset,  ipsa  supremum  efElaret. 


i 


onAthei-        14.  Dcfuncto  iutcrca  Ethelstano  rege,  &ater  ejus  Ed-B.  p.  21. 

BdmSnd*'   mundus  succcssit  solio,  annorum  decem  et  octo  adolescens.  i^'o^™' 

king.  Qui,  ut  teneritudinem  aetatis  maturiori  firmaret  consilio,  Eadmer, 

beatissimum  Dimstanum  inter  primos  optimates  primum  ^'  ^    ' 

prsefecit  palatio.      Non  enim  exciderat  animo  amicitia 

tempore  fratris  cum  eodem   viro  foederata.     Haerebant 

menti  prudentia  in  consilio,  facundia  in  verbo,  constan- 

tia    in    facto.      Quodrca  cum  jam  omnia   nutum  ejus 

spectarent,  citra  rationem   putavit  nisi  cum  eo  partid- 

paret   potestatem   novam   cui  veterem  communicaverat 

Danatan      amidtiam.     Assensus  est  precibus   rogantis   Dunstanus, 

at  court,      remansitque  m  cuna,  quae  sunt  Caesaris  Caesari  redden^, 

et  quae  sunt  Dei  Deo.     Regem  ergo  et  principes  primo 

de  justitia  convenire,  nee  ut  flecterentur  omnino  sinere. 

Post  etiam  inferiores  in  eandem  instruere  formam,  in 

delinquentes  acrem  exercere  disdplinam.     Nam  et  hoc 

non  levi  momento   animos  ejus  impulerat,  ut  regiis  se 

commodaret   predbus,  quatenus   Anglorum   regno   con- 

suleret,  et  jamdudum  laborante  justitia  labefactatum  in 

HU^^*,  statum  priscum  erigeret.    Rigor  igitur  viri.  mentes  pro- 

«n«niiefc      cerum  turbans,  ignes   uurum  quondam  sopitos  exsusci- 

tavit,    donee    in    immensum    flamma   excanduit.      Ad 

nocumentum  ergo  ejus  nee  temperabant  palam  convitio 

nee   dam   maledicto.     Furor  arma   ministrat;    invenit 

ira  quod  confingat;   exsculpit  livor  quod  arrodat.      Et 

quia  malignitas  nunquam  complidbus  caret,  turn  per  se, 


AUCTORE  WILLELMO   MALMESBERIENSI. 


269 


B.  p.  23. 
Osbern, 
p.  90. 
Eadmer, 
p.  180. 


B.  p.  24. 
Oflbem, 
p.  91. 
Eadnier, 
p.  181. 


turn  per  satellites,  regem  temptantes  in  eandem  traducunt 
sententiam.  Postposito  enim  jure  amicitise,  obKtus  sal- 
tern human^e  verecimdise,  jubet  eura  omnibus  necessa- 
riis  ablatis  curia  eliminari.  Stulte  prorsus  et  proterve, 
quia  nihil  turpius  est  quam  si  cum  eo  bellum  geras 
quocum  familiariter  vixeras.  Hac  tempestate  sanctus 
perculsus  fluctuabat  animo  et  sentential  ambiguo.  Ita 
quippe  hostes  omnes  aditus  prsecluserant,  omnes  calles 
obsederant,  ut  ei  ad  Glastoniam  commeatus  non  esset, 
quamvis  nee  ubi  possit  commorari  tuto,  averse  a  se 
regis  animo.  Res  apud  Ceddrum  gerebatur.  Erant 
ibi  exterarum  gentium  legati,  quos  Dunstanus  con- 
veniens eis  hostiles  exponit  calumnias^  implorans  ut 
fortunas  tutentur  suas.  Illi  dignitate  viri  et  indigni- 
tate  rei  permoti,  civilem  induerunt  animum,  bona  terrse 
suae  maxima  poUiciti,  si  vellet  comitari  secum.  Et 
profecto  nisi  Deus  illius  tempestatis  solvisset  nebulam, 
amisisset  tunc  Anglia  lucem  clarissimam.  Sed  enim 
statim  in  crastinum  serenior  aura  regis  afflavit  animum 
per  Dei  omnipotentis  miraculum.  Quod  quatenus  fac- 
tum sit  brevijyer  expediam. 

15.  Mons  est  in  Ceddro  arboribus  opacis  declivi  cres- 
cens  supercilio,  faucibus  immane  quantum  patentibus. 
Ibi  cervi  et  caeterse  ferae  venatibus  aptae  in  praeruptis 
posuere  cubilia  saxis.  Ad  eas  persequendas  rex  mane 
surrexerat  ingenita  divitum  consuetudine,  ut  nihil  putent 
voluptuosius  quam  indulgere  venatibus.  Canes  ergo 
emissi  copulis  exciverant  feras  lustris ;  inter  quas  ingenti 
corpore  cervum  cursu  insuperabilem,  comibus  ramosis 
minacem.  Hunc  alipede  cursu  per  plana,  per  avia  fu- 
gientem  animosius  rex  persequebatur.  Jam  fera  declivia 
percurrerat,  jam  in  summum  montis  jugum  evaserat. 
Ibi  quoque  canibus  terga  ejus  vellicantibus,  negata  omni 
fugiendi  copia,  praecipiti  ad  ima  saltu  complevit  fata. 
Nee  vero  capacitas  canum  molliori  mortis  genere  ab- 
smnpta.  Horum  casu  rex  perterritus  et  equi  rapidita- 
tem  fraenare  conatus,  lusit  operam,  vires  consumpsit 
anhelas.    Nam  nisui  hominis  repugnante  bestia^  habenae 


Heu 
banished 
by  Edmund 
frum  court. 


He  talks  the 
help  of  some 
foreign 
enyoys. 


The  king 
goes  to  hunt 
at  Cheddar. 


He  pursues 
a  stag  to 
the  brink  of 
a  precipice. 


270 


VITA  SANCTI   DUNSTANI 


Edmund 
preparing 
for  death, 


bethinks 
himself  of 
the  wrong 
done  to 
Bunstan. 


He  is  saved. 


He  orders 
Dunstan 
to  go  with 
him  to  Qlas- 
tonbury. 


He  makes 
him  abbot 
there. 


diruptse   et  procul   disjectae.      Ita   conatu   irrito   equus  B.  p.  24. 
fiirens  regem  sub  ipsum  hiatum  faucium  pervexit.    Non  Osbem, 
tamen  ille  in  tanto  periculo  sui  oblitus^   sensatas  cogi-  Eadmer, 
tationes  volvebat  animo,  et  fortassis  expromebat  dicto ;  ^'  ^^^' 
se  in  proximis  diebus  nulliun  aliqua  temerasse  injflria, 
nisi  quod  Dunstanum  summa  laesisset  arrogantia,  quod 
expulisset  amicum  curia,  prius  addictum  quam  convic- 
tum,    ante    damnatum    quam   auditum.      Id    se    plane 
correcturum  ex   placito,  si   eum  Deus   ipsius  mentis  a 
prsesenti  eximeret  periculo.    Tua  Deus  misericors  gratia, 
Tua  Christe  omnipotens  dementia.     Vix  heec  vel  cogj- 
taverat   vel  dixerat,  et   equus,  jam   positis  in  voragine 
pedibus  anterioribus,  qui  ante  ssevierat  tjrrannico  cursu 
superbus,  constitit  ove  placidius.     Hsbc  res  tantum  apud 
Eadmundum  valuit,  ut  ex  ilia  die   in  reliquum  nullus 
m   animo    ejus   fiierit   Dunstano   gratiosior,    nullus    in 
regno  gloriosior.     Denique  statim  accitum  benigno  qui- 
dem   respexit   oculo,   sed   dissimulato  pauUsper    animo 
jussit  ut  ascenso  equo   secum    Glastoniam  contenderet. 
Quo  ubi  perventum  est,  rex  inclinatus  ad  preces  de  sua 
liberatione  Deo   recitavit  grates.     Comitabantur  omnes 
lacrymse   veris    singultibus    expromptse.      Quas   ubi   et 
ratione   resorbuit    et   digito   compescuit,  avide   beatam 
beati  viri   dexteram  apprehendens  grato  earn  demulsit  B.  p.  25. 
osculo.    Turn   deinde  ut  veteris  scriptoris  verba  sub-  f^ 
jiciam,  ducens  eum  ad  sacerdotalem  cathedram  et  eum  Oabem, 
imponens  dixit,   "Esto  istius    sedis  princeps  potensque  ^J^er, 
"  insessor,  et  prsesentis  ecclesiae  fidelissimus  abbas."     Si-  P*  i®*» 
quidem  proxime  episcopus  factus  fiierat  abbas  Alfricus  * 
successor  Ealdbuni.     Adjecit  deinde  rex  quod  quicquid 


'  This  18  in  accordance  with  our 
aathor's  own  arrangement  of  the 
abbots  of  Glastonbury  ;  but  in  the 
more  ancient  list  given  in  the  Cot- 
ton MS.  Tibennfl,  B.  5,  Dnastan's 
predeceisor  is  named  Egwulf,  and 
two  other  abbots,  Gkithlac  and  Cuth- 
red,  are  interposed  between  him  and 


Andhmi,  the  Aldbon  of  the  text. 
There  were  more  than  one  bishop 
of  the  name  of  Elfric  at  this  time  ; 
one  at  Hereford,  consecrated  abont 
941,  and  one  at  Bamsbury,  in  or 
about  942.  In  the  ancient  list,  just 
referred  to,  Dunstan's  successor  at 
Glastonbury  is  named  Elfric. 


272 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


fie  built  the 
wsU  of  the 
oemetexy. 


Monastic 
revival  in 
England. 


Pameof 
Ethelwold. 


He  was  a 
scholar  at 
Glaston- 
bury. 


Dunstan's 
vision 
about  him. 


pariete  maceria  in  multos  pedes  protenta  inclusit. 
Ipsum  spatium  quadratis  lapdibus  excitavit  in  tumu- 
lum,  videturque  quasi  pratum  amoenissimum  ab  omni 
ambulantium  strepitu  alienum^  ut  merito  de  Sanctis 
ibi  pausantibus  dici  queat,  ''Corpora  eorum  in  pace 
"  sepulta  sunt." 

17.  Itaque  ob  praeconium  religionis   ejus,    quse  dulci  B.  p.  26. 
compatriotarum  fines  impleverat  aura,  undatim  ad  ejus  ^\^  * 
disciplinam  confluebant  homines.     Suscipiebat  ille  om-  Eadmer, 

p  182 

nes  et  oiFerebat  Deo,  promovens  eos  tarn  verbo  quam 
exemplo.  Dedit  felix  emolumentum  divinitas  magistri 
doctrinse  et  auditorum  obedientisB,  dum  ex  eodem  grege 
abbatibus  electis  multaB  per  Angliam  et  emendatBS  et 
fundatee  sunt  abbatiaB.  Quid  dico  de  abbatibus  ?  Epi- 
scopi  et  archiepiscopi,  de  conventu  illo  procedentes, 
dederunt  orbi  Britannico  indicium  quale  de  Dimstano 
mundus  deberet  habere  judicium. 

Unum  pro  exemplo  Ethelwqldum  advoco,  quia  de  plu- 
ribus  dicere  in  immensum  esset  pergere.  Is  nee  iners 
nee  imprudens  nee  prseterea  tenuis  patrimonii  dericus, 
cum  multa  monasteria  voluntati  ejus  occurrerent  quae 
ilium  obviis  manibus  exciperent,  solum  omnium  morta- 
lium  Dunstanum  suae  vitae  consilianum  elegit,  illius 
commilitium,  illius  contubemium  desiderans,  ei  convi-' 
vere,  ei  common  exaestuans.  Venit  ergo  Olastoniam  et 
ibi  grammaticam  artemque  metricam  edoctus,  postremo 
etiam  monachus  factus  monachi  vigilavit  in  actus. 
Cujus  religio  quantum  conferret  mundo  Deus  Ipse  os- 
tendit  Dunstano  veraci  et  perspicuo  somnio.  Visus  est 
sibi  videre '  infra  septa  monasterii  arborem  patulis  ra- 
mis  omnem  Angliam  obmnbrantem.  Ramos  omnem 
monachilibus  tunicis  onustos  in  summo  cuhnine  unam 
latitudine  sui  caeteras  obvelantem.  Dunstanus,  visionis 
subtilitatem  discemere  impotens,  ducem  venerandae  ut 


I  See  W.  Malmesb.  Qesta  Pontiff.,  1  woldi,  MabiUon,  AA.  SS.  O.S.B. 
pp.  165, 166 ;  Wolfstan,  V.  S.  Ethel-  |  88DC.  y.  p.  607. 


AUCIORE  WILLELMO  MALMESBEBIENSI.  273 

videbatur   canitiei   presbyterum   consulendum   putavit.  giterpret*- 
lUe  remotis  ambagibus   dilucide   omnia  prosecutus  est.  vimon. 
"  Arbor,"  ait,  "  est  heec  insula.;  major  cuculla  est  Ethel- 
"  woldi   monachi   tui   religiosa   gratia.  .  Caeterse    sunt 
"  multorum   monachorum  animse  quas  Ule  contra  dia- 
"  bolum  reUgionis  suae  velo,  et  quodam  justitise  defendet 
"  umbraculo."    Hanc  visionem  abbas   tunc  quidem  si- 
lentio   dedit,   sed   cum  vidisset  spem   suam,  quam   de 
Athelwoldo  .tacitumus  alebat,  in  effectum  procedere,  non 
dubitavit  qusB  viderat  multis  coram  ingerere.     Secutus  Puwiment 
est  rerum  effectus  coeleste  oraculum,  tantaque   ac   totwraerof 

,  Bthelwold. 

per  ilium  virum,  postea  Wyntoniensem  episcopum,  con- 
structa  sunt  monasteria,  quanta  ut  aggrediatur  nullius 
regis  modo  spirare  ausit  industria.  Sed  de  hiis  con- 
traham  stilum,  ne  videatur  vagari  extra  propositum, 
quamvis  a  meta  dicendi  hsec  relatio  non  exorbitaverit, 
cum  deceat  abbatem  subjectorum  bona  provehere  et 
prosperitates  animo  prsesagire.  Quocirca  hoc  de  vita 
ejusdem  Athelwoldi  sumptum  quominus  apponerem  non 
abstinui,  quia,  ut  scriptum  est,  *'  Oloria  patris  est  filius 
'*  sapiens."  Omnia  ergo  Athelwoldi  benefacta  in  Dun- 
stanmn  redundant,  quorum  fructmn  eo  gratiosius  tulit, 
quo  cumulatius  semen  in  alterum  transfudit. 

B.  pp.  26,      18.  Horum  ere^o  et  similium  bonorum  fundamenta  Dun-  A^^tn 

27  1       A     .  1     1    •       j^i      J       •  ci    T         •  i  •  '"*  devil. 

Q^^tyetD       stanus  probe  faciebat  in  Glastonia.     Sed  enim  antiquus 

p.  93.        hostis  Bsepenumero  aperta  monstrabat  impudentia  quan- 

pM82^'     tus  eum  de  prspsentibus  livor  angeret,  quantus  de  futuris 

183.  timor  torqueret.    Armatus   enim   feralibus   et  malitise 

suae   congruis   simulacris,    beluinosque    indutus    vultus 

crebris  eum  fatigabat  impulsibus.     Denique  nocte  qua- 

dam  orantem  ter  appetiit,  trium  ferarum  figuram  emen-  2  a^S!? 

titus.      Primo  visus  ursus  hians  et  horrendis  hispidusj^^* 

setis;   secundo   canis   prsemisso   latratu  torvos  in  eum 

rictus  irritans ;  tertio  ganniens  vulpecula  dolosaque  allu- 

dens  Cauda.     Quibus   omnibus   Christi  signo  in  Aigam 

aciis,  non  solum  non  motus  sed  etiam  materiam  ketitise 

8 


274  VITA  SANCn   DUNSTANI 

Dunstan      nactus  est.    Severitatem  quippe  frontis  risu  solvens  ultro  B.  p.  27 
toMorn.      injecit    hosti    obprobrium     quod    speciem     mutuaretur     ^g™' 
ferarum ;  ille    qui   quondam   par  Deo   appetisset  fasti-  Eadmer 
gium  nunc  se  ostenderet  in  urso   ssevum  et  sanguina-  ^* 
rium,   improbum   et   ingratum   in   cane,  versipellem  et 
mendacem  in  vulpe. 
Defeatedby       19.  Coufusus  diabolus  de  sancti  victoria,  consilia^  ut  B.  pp.  27, 
awake,  he     credi  fsA  cst,  volvebat  versuta.    Et  quoniam  vigilanti  non  ^delaid 
asleep,  at     prsBvaluerat,  arbitratus  fortassis,  si  solutis  in  somnium  p.  59. 

the  altar  of    *        ..  j     •     x        i      •  i*  r  Osbern, 

8.  Geoige.  sensibus  eum  adonretur,  levi  negotio  cessurum,  najs  non  p  jqq 
neglexit  insidias.  Sedebat  ille  quadam  nocte  ante  beati  iSadmcr, 
Georgii  Martyris  altare,  et  exercitio  psahnodise  noctuf- 
nas  protelabat  excubias.  Peccavit  in  psallentem  lassi- 
tudo,  qu8B  paulisper  eum  dormitare  coegit.  Jamque 
somno  in  oculos  serpente,  et  summissis  palpebris  nuta- 
bat  mento,  cum  afiuit  ille  cui  nulla  festinatior  est 
voluptas,  quam  ut  bono  viro  machinetur  insidias.  Vil- 
DmM!«m  .  losam  enim  ursi  speciem  assumens,  et  pedibus  super 
tortnke^^  ambos  humeros  insistens,  pestifero  hiatu  minari  et  un- 
wSndVfthe  ^^^^  arpagarc  visus  est.  Timor  quietem  depulit, 
p«im.  statimque  arrepto  quem  pro  more  gerebat  baculo,  dum 
informe  portentum  percutere  conatur  inanes  ventilavit 
auras.  Ictus  vero  non  cassis  viribus  in  lapidem  proxi- 
mum  delatus,  terribilis  stridore  soni  ecdesiam  implevit. 
Ita  interrupttun  psalmodise  ordinem  continuans,  ubi 
dimiserat  incepit;  ''Exsurgat  Deus  et  dissipentur  ini- 
"  mid  Ejus,  et  fugiant  qui  oderunt  Etun  a  facie  Ejus.''P».i^ii-i- 
Quibus  verbis  se  notatum  intelligens  hostis,  exuit  for- 
mam  alienam  et  recepit  suam.  Namque  nebulosa  ob- 
tectus  fiiligine,  visus  est  paulatim  ante  oculos  viri  in 
subtilem  aerem  evanescere. 

D^rtanhBd     20.  Noctumo  aggTcssui    diumas    successere    insidiae.  b.  p.  28. 

wuifrif'  Habuerat  hie  sanctus  fratrem,  Wlfricum  nomine,  borne 
religionis  laicum.  Huic  exteriorum  curam  delegaverat, 
ut  ipse  ab  omni  strepitu  causarum  feriatus  avidius 
coelestia  gaudia  preelibaret.    WlMcus  fideliter  et  grate 


ion 


m 


AUCTORE  WILLELMO   MALMESBERIENSL  275 

B.  pp.  28,  officium  exsecutus  vitee  dies  explevit.  At  Dimstanus  Wuiinc 
germaiue  necessitudinis  pietate  devinctus  funus  honorifice 
curari  jussit.  Monachi  omnes,  ut  patri  morem  gererent, 
commimem  dolorem  private  luctui  accommodarunt.  Ita- 
que  quidam  ut  corpus  adveherent  longe  profecti,  quidam 
ut  acciperent  extra   septa   progressi,  coenobium  vacue-  On  the  day 

n  ,        CI   1  t  -1  .of  the  fiine* 

lecerant.     bolus   pater   remansit   cum   puero,  qui   aevo  »i,Diin8tan, 
accedente  factus  episcopus  hujusce  relationis  index  fuit.  with  one 
Lento  ergo  gradu  intra  atrium  quod  supra  dixi  spatia-intfie 
bantur,  adventum,  ut  credo,  monachonim  prsestolantes.  narrowly  ' 
Et  ecce,  dubium  quo  eventu,  velut'funda  emissus  in^fens  » stone  mi- 
lapis  stndulas  everberans  auras  m  Dunstam  caput  ve-cMt»fchim. 
nit.     Nee  vero    ille   praevidit   ictum  vel   praecavit,  sed 
DeuB  ab  eo  avertit.    Nam  citra  ullam  liesionem  capitis 
pileo  excusso,  lapis  longe  '  ruit.     Bone  Deus !  quid  hoc 
monstri  fiiit  ?     Mortales  cuncti  aberant,  de  puero  porro 
nulla  suspicio.     Nam  quomodo  ei  fuisset  saxum  jacula- 
bile,  quod  cum  sibi  Dunstanus  afferri  jussisset  vix  potuit 
humo  tollere  ?   Prseterea  forma,  Summertensi  pago  incog- 
nita, omnem  de  hominibus  suspicionem  purgabat.     Qua- 
propter  daemonis  fuisse  missile  telum,  sanctus  et  intellexit 
et  dixit,  qui  suae  invideret  saluti  quam  servire  videret 
multorum  profectui.     Assignavit  tamen  cautelae  lapidem 
perditum  iri  non   debere,  ut  hostiles   insidias   monachi 
tanto  caverent  promptius,  quanto  earum  formam  conspi- 
carentur  praesentius. 
B.  pp.  44-       21.  Interea  suprema  dies  regis  Edmundi  mortis  pulsa-  i>an§tan.on 
rf  hem       ^^  januam,  acdtusque  nescio  qua  de  causa  Dunstanus  ^^^n^nd^ 
p.  94.  '      venit  ad  curiam.     Pergebant  ex  more  de  villa  in  villam,  ^^dorman 
^^f^'     quod  unus  locus  diu  tantam  non  sustineret  frequentiam.    ^"**"* 
Adeqidtabat  sancto   dux  Elfstanus,  et  serebatur  inter 
eos  sermo  varius,   cum  Dunstanus,  porrectis  ad  agmen 
tubicinum    oculis,    vidit   daemonem   histrionicos   motus 
agere,  gesticulari   et   saltare   quasi  plane  ipsum  diceret 
inter  ejusmodi  artifices  esse.     Diu  haesit  obtutu  intentoHeneian 
petujantiam  hostis  admiratus.     Mox   ducem   percuncta- 
tus  an  idem  ille  videret,  ubi  eum  nihil  praeter  solitum 

s  2 


276 


VITA  SANCTI   DUNSTANI 


Elfstan* 
havine 
signeahis 
eyes  with 
the  cross, 
sees  him 
alsa 


Elfstan 
relates  a 
dream. 

Bunstan 
interprets. 


The  evil 
spirit  ap- 
pears again. 


The  king 
sits  down 
to  meat. 


He  sees  a 
robber  and 
tries  to  ar- 
rest him, 
but  is  killed. 


videre  intellexit,  "  Signa/'  inquit,  "  vir  illustrissime,  b.  pp. 
"  signa  oculos  tuos  cnids  signaculo,  si  forte  possis  ^^^ 
"  videre  quod  video."  Paruit  is  et  non  ^distulit :  nee  p.  94. 
mora,  lux  adeo  dara  bnita  prius  exacuit  lumina  ut  non  ^f^^*^' 
minus  quam  ipse  sanctus  conspicaretur  impudentis 
monstri  saltus.  Inde  abbas  malum  regi  ominatus  mor- 
tern  ejus  non  quidem  aperto  sed  suspenso  prodidit 
vaticinio.  Tum  prsetenta  cruce  et  disparente  fantas- 
mate^  protulit  dux  in  medium  proximsB  noctis  somnium. 
Visum  sibi  regem  inter  medios  convivii  strepitus  ob- 
dormiscere,  proceres  omnes  in  hircos  et  capras  mutatos 
esse.  Corripuit  verbtun  Dunstanus  ab  ore  loquentis,  et 
subjecit,  "Dormitio  ergo  regis  mors  est.  Mutatio  pro- 
"  cerum  in  petulcas  pecudes  est  eorum  vita  putida  et 
"  lasciva  perfidia."  Mirum  id  dictu  e^t  verum !  Nam 
partem  prophetise  in  tempom  regis  Edwii  fortuna  dis- 
tulit,  partem  continuo  in  effectiun  rapuit.  Quod  nimi- 
rum  palam  fecit  eodem  die  repetita  dsemonis  visio  et 
inter  ccenantes  discursatio.  Hsec  adeo  sanctus  prseclare 
videbat  et  ostendebat,  ut  a  quibusdam  putaretur  vel 
male  credere  vel  parum  prospere  mente  valere.  Jam 
lux  fatalis  illuxerat,  et  rex  auditis  offidis  ad  curam 
corporis  ab  ecdesia  in  aulam  festinabat.  Ibi  obvius 
quidam  Dunstano  rotulam  undique  perscriptam  manu 
gestitabat.  Consultus  quis  esset,  respohdit  Anglice  juxta 
polite  ut  indigena,  ex  oriental!  regno  se  venisse,  quae- 
dam  se  regi  secreto  communicanda  deferre.  Ei  nundatus 
jussusque  introdud,  reperiri  non  potuit.  Hac  de  causa 
qusestione  inter  aulicos  orta,  dimi  res  diligentius  dis- 
quiritur  positis  mensis  rex  discubuit.  Adduxerat  eo 
fimesta  sors  quendam  sicarium,  quem  quondam  viola- 
tarum  legum  retun  patria  expulerat.  Hunc  intuitus 
Eftdmundus,  ira  prsefervidus  et  animum  continere  im- 
potens,  nemini  quicquam  dicens,  in  capillos  involat. 
Latrunculus^  qui  ad  tale  infortunium  se  paraverat,  sica 
velociter  extracta,  regem  antequam  a  sateUitibus  ac- 
curri    posset  confodit.     Exivit  in  orbem  fabula,  magno 


J 


AUCrrORE  WILLELMO  HALMESBERIENSI. 


277 


B. pp.  44-  dedecore  AngliaB^  quod  nulla  possit  emendare  memoria.  Heisb^ed 
C^ben  Communi  ergo  decretum  consilio  et  funus  Glastoniam  bmy. 
delatum,  ibique  in  aquilonali  parte  turns  magnifice 
humatum.  Id  eum  voluisse  pro  famiUari  abbatis  ami- 
citia  per  nonnulla  claruerat  indicia.  Data  in  inferias 
villa  in  qua  occubuerat^  ut  quse  semel  conscia  fiierat 
homicidii^  semper  in  posterum  pro  anima  ejus  esset 
adjutrix  benefidi. 


p.  94 
Eadmer, 
p.  184. 


1^ 


B.  pp.  29-  22.  Quia  vero  filii  Edmundi  pro  aetate  puerili  ad  reg- 
nandum  non  videbantur  idonei,  substituerunt  proceres 
Edredum,  ut  regnaret  loco  fratrum  suorum ;  virum  pad 
et  justitise  accommodum,  hominibus  morigerum  et  jo- 
cundimi^  Deo  devotum  non  minus  pene  quam  monachum. 
Temptabat  eum  frequenter  improspera  valitudo,  et  ve- 
hementer  ad  patientiam  exercebat.  Nam  prseter  alia 
quibus  quotidianis  horis  anhelabat  ad  exitum,  interraneo- 
rum  maxima  crudatu  vexabatur,  cibum  onmem  sto- 
macho  nausiante  rejiciens.  Annis  ergo  novem  in  regno 
non  tam  vixit  quam  vitam  traxit,  totius  corporis  tor- 
mentis  infractus  et  debiUs.  Quapropter  Dunstanum, 
qui  eum  primus  in  regem  acclamaverat,  et  aliis  et  sibi 
prsefecit,  ut  pro  sdentia  imperitaret  regno,  pro  religione 
mederetur  incommodo.  Prseterea  quicquid  pretiosissi- 
mum  mortales  opinantur  ejus  delegavit  tutelse,  thesauros 
ab  antecessoribus  elaboratos  et  sibi  hsereditario  jure 
transfrisos.  Suscepit  ille  et  suo  reposuit  monasterio, 
non  auri  specie  captus  sed  depositoris  amore  devinctus. 
Tunc  justitise  normam  per  totum  regnum  extendere,  et 
quse  ultra  vagarentur  severe  simul  et  opportiuie  red- 
dere.  Pati  nullum  peccatis  insolescere,  cunctis  pri- 
mum  Dei  judicium,  secundo  legum  vigorem,  proponere. 
Guncta  regis  gratis,  regis  fidei,  attribuens,  magnis  suis 
laboribus  commoda  ejus  ssepe  nundinatus ;  Dei  timorem 
semper  prse  oculis  habens,  nihil  quod  Eimi  offenderet 
in    se    regnare    permittens.       Sciebat    enim    scriptum, 

1^8.  Pet.  ii.   «  Deum  timete,  regem  honorificate."      Nee   minus  Ed- 


Edred  suc- 
ceeds, agood 
man  but 
very  sickly. 


B.  p.  29. 
AdJelard, 
p.  56. 
OBbern, 
p.  94. 
Eadmer, 
p.  184. 


He  reigned 
nine  yean. 


Dnnstan 
vaahis 
chief  ad- 
viser and 
treasurer. 


278  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

Diin^'B    redus  grato  benefacienti  concurrebat  animo,  nee  unquam 
withBdred.  eum  aliquis  ullo  potuit  concutere  maledicto,  ut  existi- 
1  maret  prave  de  Diinstano.     Aderat  ille  pene  semper  et 
mansitabat  in   palatio,  quamvis   ejus  curam  cuncta  in 
Anglia   exspectarent   negotia.     Adeo   eum   amor  regis 
sibi  devinxerat;  ut  ne   puncto  quidem  temporis  abesse 
pateretiu*.     Frequenter  etiam  captatis  oocasionibus  tum 
in  etun  tum  in   sibi  subjectos  perliberalis  et  munificus 
mSe  ab^  fiiit.     Denique  Athelwoldum,  de   quo  supra  dixi,  Olas- 
of  Abiogdoo.  tonia  extractum  in   abbatem  Abbendoniensem  provexit, 
multa  de  suo   viro   largitus.     Tantumque   amori    ejus 
detulit,  ut  raro  stipatus  satellite,  ipse  per  se  ad  monas- 
terium    venire    officinasque    monachorum    metiri     non 
erubesceret. 
Dnnstan  23.  Jam  vero  relatu  arduum  est,  quotiens  Dunstano  b.  pp.  29, 

"^JJ"   ut  episcopatum  dignaretur  sua^erit  nee  persuaserit.    De  ^^^^ 
duobus  narrare  suiEieiet.      Etnelgari  Cndiensis  episeopi  p.  56. 
senis  anima,  vetustate   corporis    deposita,  in  juventam  ^J?™* 
aquilse  transierat.     Ejus  locum  Edredus  per  Dunstanum  Eadmer, 
supplere    conatus    plurimas    in    irritum    fudit    preees.  ^'  ^^' 
Excusationis  ejus   ratio    Aiit  in   causa   quod   dominum 
regem,  et  debilem,  et  prsesertim  sui  amantem,  occasione 
tam  longinqui  episcopatus  deserere  videretur  barbari  et 
minime  mitis  animi.      Prseterea  rem  esse  magni  oneris 
et   se   minimse  religionis,  nee  expedire  ut  episcopatum 
accipiat   nondum   patientibus  meritis.     Ne  tamen  nihil 
pro  rege,  qui    tam   prona   devotione  amori  suo  deditus 
erat,  facere   videretur,  de   consilio   suo    electus  est  Al- 
woldus,    qui   maturis   moribus  juvenis   sedi  succederet 
boni  senis.     Hoc  consilio  rex  dejectus  molimen  alterum 
On  the        aggreditiu*.     Nam  Elphego  Wintoniensi  episcopo,  de  quo 
EUege,        supra  diximus,  ad   felieem   quietem  composito,  res  su^- 
ia  offered     gerere  videbatur   ne   Dunstanus   ulterius   petenti    regi 


him. 


negaret  assensum.  Nam  et  ipse  sanctus  rudimenta 
religionis  in  eadem  urbe  eoneeperat,  et  Edredus  episco- 
pali  ecdesise  honorificandse  mentem  addixerat.  Quippe, 
ut  verba  illius  qui  vitam    sancti  Athelwoldi  composuit 


J 


AUCTORE  WILLELMO  MALMESBERIENSI. 


279 


fi.  p.  30. 
Adelard, 
p.  57. 
(Hbeniy 
p.  96. 
Eadmer, 
p.  185. 


apponam,  erat  rex  "  veteris  in  Wintonia  coenobii  specialis  Bdred's 
"  amator  et  defensor,  ut  plura  testantur "  quae  ibi  larga  Winchester. 
manu  contulit.    "Qui  etiam,  si  vita  comes  esset,  orien- 
*'  talem    portieum   ejusdem   ecclesise  auratis  imbricibus 
"  adomare  disposuerat."^  Ad  hunc  ergo  episcopatum  Dun- 
stannm  sublimare  iniendens,   sed   pudori  suo  consulens 
ne  iterum  repulsam  paieretur,  simulque  sciens  quantum 
foemina  valeat  viriles  animos  tentare  viresque  inflectere,  mSthep*to* 
Elfgivae  matri  suae  opus  injungit.     Monentis  fuit  sermo  ^^J^  • 
ut  Dunstanum   communem   amicum,   tutorem    unicum, 
precibus  ad   suscipiendum   episcopatum  impelleret.     Id 
convescens   faceret,    quo   fiebcilius   hilaritas    convivii    et 
astantium  frequentia  etun  a  sententia  negandi  deduceret. 
Ilia,  quse    non   minore   dignatione   sanctum    suspiceret, 
nescio   etiam   an    ei    majori    dQectione   obnoxia   esset, 
adomat   probe  convivium,  adomato  amicum  introducit, 
affectat   blanditias^  sermones  componit,  precibus  pulsat, 
promissis  onerat,  postremo  quantum  foemina,   quantimi 
amans,  quantum  regina  potest,  aggreditur.     Sed  parum 
procedit,  parum  aut  nihil  ille  omnibus  his  motus  urget  J^S^J^^ 
propositum,  rationes  quas  prsedixi   allegans.     Nee  veroj^^^j^^ 
adhuc  ilia  desineret   nisi   sanctus  nonnihil  stomachatus  ^^'^J^^'^ 
diceret,  '' Certissimum  tibi,  domina,  constet  quod   nim- 
"  quam  in  diebus  filii  tui  ero  episcopus."     Quo  dicto  et 
reginse  sUentium  et  sibi  otium  indulsit. 


24.  Et  quidem  tanta  placidi  viri  ex  intentione  boni  pro-  Dnnstan's 

viairtn« 

cedebat  obstinatio,  sed  eam  minus  Deo  placere  sequentis 

noctis  ostendit  visio.     Qua  etiam  luce  clarius  constitit, 

quanta  iUimi  semper  gratia  miseratio  divina  prsevenerit. 

Adhuc  puero  senex  in  somnis  apparens,  Olastoniam  per 

eimi  reparandam  promiserat.    Juveni  seque  juvenis  visus 

ad  siunmos  eum  gradus  provehendum  praedixerat.    Nunc  ^^^^ 

vero  ut  omne  visionum  suarum  eluctaretur  involucrum,  ti*©  •ponies. 


^  The  passage  is  yery  nearly  in 
the  words  of  Wulfstan,  the  bio- 


grapher of  6.  Ethelwold ;  Mabillon, 
AA.  SS.  O.S.B.,  Snc.  v.  p.  600. 


280 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


He  dreamed  solvit   Ipse   Deus  per  apostolos  Suos  omne  ambiffuum,  B.  p.  so. 
jy^®    quarum  ecclesiarmn  pontifex  esset  futurus  palam  pr«e-p  57   ^ 
B^p^ter      conatus.     Visus   sibi   erat  Romam   isse   et  apud   apo-  Osbem, 
|- PjjJ^dgtolos  deposita   oratione  pedem   ad  reditmu  reflectere.  gadiAer, 
each  hold-'  Tum  ad  locum  citra  Sutrium  venisse  cui  Mons  GaudiiP-^s^- 

ing^anln- 

JSord?  nomen  a  peregrinis  datum.  Ibi  enim  ab  itinerantibus 
Bomana  cemuntur  moenia,  ibi  magnse  vi»  laboribus 
emensis  peFegrini  feUcis  spei  prsesumunt  gaudia.  Eo 
loci  Petrus  et  Paulus  et  Andreas  apostoli  ei  occurrere 
visi,  singulos  gladios  tenentes  singuli.  In  duorum 
autem  gladiis  eonun  nomina  legeres;  porro  in  beati 
Petri  ense  aureis  litteris  scriptum  cemeres,  "In  prin- 
"  cipio  erat  Verbum  et  Verbtun  "  erat  apud  Deum."  B.  John  1 1. 
Omnes  ergo  pariU  liberalitate  gladios  Dunstano  pr»- 
buere,  Andreas  autem  bilariori  vultus  Isetitia  visus 
amicum  peretriBgere.  Quantum  enim  mortales  possunt 
supemorum  bserere  contubemio  familiari  ab  sevo  ine- 
unte  &mulatus  ei  fuerat  obsequio,  multa  ejus  beneficia 
frequenter  expertus.  lUe  igitur  quasi  etymologise  cog- 
nominis  sui  alludens,  qua  mitissimus  sanctorum  et  sen- 
titur  et  didtur,  simulque  legationem  allegans  suam, 
suavi  melo  insonuit,  "  ToUite  jugum  meum  super  vos, 
"  quia  mitis  sum  et  humilis  cordc."    Deinde  Dunstanus 

ThebkFwof  dulci  bcati  Petri  conventus  imperio  manum  porrigere, 
blandientisque  virgulae  crepitimi  persentiens,  audire  pro- 
meruit,  banc  esse  pridie  refutati  prsesulatus  vindictam, 
et  ulterius  non  refutandi  suadelam.  Hoc  exdtus  sono 
finem   dedit  somno.     Pro   magno   sane  miraculo  quasi 

He  awakes,  alienatus  animo,  interrogavit  prope  accumbentem  mona- 
chtun  quisnam  eum  perculerit.  Illo  percussorem  ne- 
gante,  sobria  tandem  ad  se  re  versus  mente  dixit,  "  Nunc 
"  scio,  fili,  nunc  scio,  inquam,  quis  me  perculerit."  Nee 
mora,  noctis  reliquias  in  Dei  egressus  laudibus,  prorum- 
pente  diluculo,  ad  regem  ingressus  totius  visionis  non 
*  falsus  index  fuit.  Time  gloriosus  rex  concepto  vati- 
cinii  spiritu,  futura  incunctanter  exsolvit,  gladios  apos- 
tolorum  ecclesiasticum  significare  pontificatum.  Fu- 
turum    ergo   emn    episcopum  ecclesip'"un  quse    prsedic- 


The  words 
of  8.  An- 
drew. 


Bdredin 
terprets. 


«      'W     •  ■ 


■•   '"P" 


'/     *  '•«•-■  •■ 


AUCTOBE  WILLELMO  MALMESBEBIENSI. 


281 


B.  p.  SO. 
Osbem, 
p.  97. 
Eadmer, 
p.  186. 


B.  p.  31. 
Adelard, 
p.  58. 
Osbein, 
p.  98. 
Eadmer, 
p.  187. 


torum  apostolorum  operiuntur  nutum.  Porro  scrip- 
turam  quae  de  beati  Petri  micabat  gladio,  significare 
ftiturum  eum  in  Cantia  primatem  ;  ibi  est  enim  Sal- 
vatoris  Jesu  Christi  ecclesia;  depostea  protulit  verba 
beatus  et  verus  symmista.  Dixit  hsec  ille,  non  conjec- 
tantiB  animo  sed  veraci  prsesagio,  sicut  et  renmi  ef- 
fectus  ostendit  et  lectionis  continuatio  manifestabit. 
Quid  in  his  mirabilius  dicam  non  difi^o,  Dei  gratiam 
occnrrentem  viro,  an  viri  meritum  concurrens  Deo,  an 
regis  mentem  accurrentem  vaticinio.  Sed  Tua,  Christe 
Deus,  sunt  omnia.  Tua  fluxit  in  Dunstanum  gratia, 
Dunstani  excrevit  per  Te  gloria.  Tuo  munere  fuit 
vera  regis  prophetia. 

25.  Non  post  multum  tempus,  Edredus,  violentia  morbi 
pressus,  lento  in  mortem  agebatur  spiritu.  Mandatum 
ergo  curavit  Dunstanum  vitse  arbitrum,  mortis  tuto- 
rem.  Ille  tristi  perculsus  rumore,  celer  equum  insilit. 
Tantum  morse  in  medio  ut  jumenta  thesauris  oneraret 
quos  rex  supremae  voluntatis  arbitrio  dispensaret.  Con- 
ficit  iter  nocte  dieque  stimulis  amoris  negotium  acce- 
lerans.  Nulla  viro  pausa,  nulla  requies  calcaribus ; 
labor  ingens  subinde  mutatis  animalibus.  Sed  Deus 
et  amici  pectoris  soUicitudinem,  et  afflicti  corporis  la- 
borem  miseratus,  utrumque  demissa  supeme  voce  com- 
pescuit.  "Modo,"  inquit,  "Edredus  rex  obdormivit  in 
"  Domino."  Timi  jimientum  cui  sedebat  coelestis  toni- 
trus  impatiens  animam  amisit,  sed  ipse  itineris  con- 
tinuationi  securior  indulsit.  Turbavit  sodales  vocis 
crepitus  et  animalis  interitus,  qui  sonum  quidem  au- 
dierant,  sed  sensum  non  discreverant.  Absolvit  Dun- 
stanus  timorem,  rem  ut  erat  ordine  pandens,  et  pro 
regis  anima  preces  Deo  meduUitus  fundens.  Modicum 
inde  cimi  progressus  esset,  venientibus  nunciis  post  nun- 
cios alteris  post  alteros,  coelestis  oraculi  fidem  approbavit. 
Jam  vero,  ubi  ad  locum  perventum,  fiiit  videre  miseriam ; 
exanime  regis  corpus  pene  sine  custode  jacere,  familiam 
omnem  diflFugisse.     Momentum  fortunse  sequebatur  pro- 


He  foretells 

Dunstan's 

promotion. 


illness  of 
Sdred. 


Dunstan 
goes  to  visit 
him. 


Heluwa 
waminKof 
the  king's 
death. 


He  receiTes 
the  news, 
and  finds 
the  king's 
bodyun- 
cared  for. 


282 


VITA  SANCn  DUNSTANI 


ijflgioctof    cemin  fides,  et  qui  olim  adulantes  astiterant  vivo  nunc 

theoour-  , 

tieni.  subsannantes  abibant  a  mortuo.     Fit  enim  fere  in  rebus 

hominum  ut  in  divitibus  magis  quidam  secientur  pe- 
cuniam  quam  gratiam,  magis  avaritise  famem  quam 
amicitiae  fidem.  Indoluit  visu  vir  beatissimus,  turn  de- 
functi  modestiam  recordatus,  turn  in  desertores  vehe- 
biuS^at  nienter  indignatus.  Regales  ergo  exuvias  suo  diversorio 
Winchester,  intulit,  eisque  cum  presbyteris  et  monachis  suis  justa 
persolvit.  Mane  autem  succollantibus  ministris,  Winto- 
niam  in  episcopatum  provectas,  quieti  setemse  sedis 
imposuit. 


Dunsttm 
retires  to 
Olaston- 
"buiy. 


Miracle  of 
theflRlling 
beam. 


26.  Quo  sepulio  curiales  ttunultus  perosus  monasterii  sui 
sinibus  exceptus  est.  Ibi  duici  pace  componens  animum 
religionem  de  integro  novat,  divinaB  contemplationis 
sedulus  explorator.  Sed  quamvis  Mariae  partem  elegerit, 
Martham  tamen  non  usquequaque  aspematus,  semper 
aliquid  utilis   fabricae  comminiscebatur.     Undo  factum 

est   ut   turri  quae   proximo  facta  erat   tectum  juberet  Adelard, 
imponi.     Fervebat  igitur  labor  artificum,  stridebat  fu-  osbern 
nalis   machina   immensas   rapiens  ad  feifitigium  trabes.  P-  ^d- 
Et  csetersB  quidem  ordines  agnoverant^  una  vero  ruptis,  p.  igg. ' 
ut  credo,  ftinibus  deorsum  vergere  coepit.     Tum  fragore 
cadentis   trabis   et   strepentis  vulgi  damore  concitatus 
abbas  impiger  accurrit.     Rpgantibus  caeteris  ipse  imma- 
nitate    periculi    constantior   et   fidei    arma  concutiens, 
ore  Christi  auxilium   asciscit,  et   manu  signum    crucis 
emittit  in  auras.     Vis  signaculi  trabem  ruentem  retro 
depulit  et  in  altum  actam  suo  loco  restituit.     Hoc  mi- 
raculum  sicut  et  caetera  quibusdam  in  eodem  monasterio 
fratribus  bonis  erant  ad  augmentum  in  patrem  gratiae, 
malis  ad  cumulum  invidiae.     Nee  enim  vir   ille,   cujus 
purissimam  vitam   nuUius   unquam  contagionis   naevuB 
infecit,  livorem  suOrum  effugere    potuit,    quominus  in 
eum  occultis  dumtaxat  saevirent  calimmiis. 

27.  Sed  haec  postmodum  etiam  divino  daruere  indicio ; 
tunc  autem  causa  exstitit  ut  omnibus  pnncipibus  patriae 


AUCTORE  WILLELMO  MALMESBERIENSI. 


283 


fi.  p.  82. 
OsbcfDf 
p.  99. 
Eadmer* 
p.  187. 


B.  p.  32. 
Osbern, 
p.  100. 
i^admer, 
p.  190. 


convocatis  ad  curiam  deesse  non  deberet.  Nam  e  duo- 
bus  filiis  Edmundi  superioris  regis,  major  electus  est 
qui  patruo  succederet ;  Edwius  nomine,  juvenculus  sevo, 
immaturus  consilio,  pemidosus  omnibus,  pestifer  sibi; 
prseceps  ad  omne  vitium,  maxime  crudelitatem  petu- 
lantiamque;  altera  in  omnium  et  in  bonorum  potissi- 
mum  fortunas  et  vitas  ssBviens,  altera  pudicitiam  suam 
omni  pene  momento  laedens.  Captus  enim  miraculo 
puldiritudinis  cujusdam  Elfgivae,  quae  sublimitatem 
generis  pravitate  morum  premeret,  nihU  non  arbitrio 
ejus  faciebat.  Hserebat  mulierculse  filia  plenis  jam 
nubilis  annis,  quae  genitrid  baud  absimilis,  vitricum 
delinimentis  etiam  suis  devinxerat.  Ferebaturque 
Edwius  lasdvire  tam  in  matrem  quam  in  filiam  et  in 
ambabus  satiare  voluptatem  vicariam.  Sed  hujus  dicti 
credulitas  penes  antiquos  auctores  sit.  XJtinam  in  hoc 
dumtaxat  sim  vanus  nuUusque  ad  imitandum  mihi 
fidem  accommodet,  quod  unquam  Cbristianus  se  tali 
probro  subjecerit.  Enimvero  tunc,  sicut  est  ignara 
Aituri  mens  hominum,  qui  plerumque  magno  favore 
aliquid  fadendum  commendant,  quod  postea  magno 
dolore  factum  deplorant,  consensu  prindpum  aulam 
vacantem  occupat  Edwius.  Convenerunt  ad  eum  cor- 
onandum,  ut  moB  est,  omnes  patriae  magnates,  episcopi 
et  abbates,  vodbus  in  gaudium  profusis  ftiturum  sui 
dispendium  uigentes.  Dictis  missis  cum  dbo  curassent 
corpora,  ille  quasi  ventris  desiderio  pulsatus  primo  in 
secretum,  mox  in  triclinium  foeminarum  concessit.  Cum 
moram  faceret,  res  interrogantes  latere  non  potuit. 
Tum  Odo  Cantuariensis  archiepiscopus  omnium  sevo  et 
gradu  maximus,  patemo  cunctos  frementes  lenivit  hor- 
tatu.  Iret  aliquis  et  regem,  dedecoris  quod  fadebat 
admonitum,  ad  consessum  reduceret  optimatum^  renuen- 
tem  excommunicationis  minis  percelleret.  Cimctis  pro 
inertia  conscientiae  fugientibus,  duo  se  voluntati  ar- 
chiepiscopi  obtulere,  qui  periculo  suo  rem  tractarent 
justitiaa,  Einesius   episcopus   et   Dunstanus   abbas,  par 


Edwyifl 
ohoseii  king. 


His  love  for 
EUti^vaand 
her  daugh- 
ter. 


The  writer 
doubts. 


On  theooro- 
nationda^, 
at  the  festi- 
val Bdwy 
leaves  the 
banquet. 


Odo  pro- 
poses to 
send  for 
him  back. 


284  VITA  SANCTI  DTTNSTANI 

Dmuton      insigne  constantise  nee  minus  affines  sanguine.    Abeun-  B.  pp.  82, 
find  him      tes  comitatus   est  sedentium   plausus^  more   hominum??;  _ 
women.       qui    nonnunquam    in    aliis    laudare    sciunt   quod   ipsi  p.  loo. 
facere  non  prsesumunt.     Egerunt  illi  primo  legationem     y^^^* 
placide  constanti  animo  non  titubanti   verbo.     Yerum- 
tamen  parum  promoventes  terruerunt  eum  excommuni- 
cationis  suspendio.     Volutabatur  ille  inter  meretriculas, 
diademate  procul  excusso  et  humi  jacente.    Quapropter 
adhuc  cunctantem  Dunstanus  apprehendit  dextera,  im- 
The  crown    positaque   coroua  violenter   eduxit  triclinio.     Is   nihil 

lying  on  the  .  ,  x-ji--  .  •  •*• 

ground.  contra  sive  auctontate  vin  motus,  sive  conscientia  sua 
territus.  At  Elfgieva  muliebris  impatientise  signifera, 
torvos  in  eum  vibrans  oculos,  "Quia,"  inquit,  "tarn 
"  audax  es  ut  educas  regem,  velit,  nolit,  triclinio;  fa- 
"  ciam  ego  ut  hujus  diei  meique  semper  memineris 
"  cum  potero."  Sed  licet  iUa  sacrilega  in  ipsum  coelum 
verba  jactaret,  Dunstanus  juxta  firmitatem  nominis 
sui,  velut  pelagi  rapes  immota  resistens,  ut  coeperat 
regem  educens  prostibulo,  coUocavit  et  sedere  fecit 
in  solio. 


Designs  of        27.  Tum  vcro  mulier  ad  onmem  se  proterviam  armans,  B.  pp.  sa, 
woimm        suasionimi  suarum  classico  virum  in  bellum  contra  Deum  OBbem 
Dunstan      acccudit.      Excogitato  .  enim    quid    Dunstano    maxime  p-  loi. 

and  his  j   i      •     x»       t  x  j.  at  'a.±         Eadmer, 

monasteiy.  posset  esse  dolon,  leralia  per  totam  Anguam  nnttun-  p.  193 
tur  edicta.  Tunc  res  monachorum  prseceps  agi,  tunc 
monachi  proscribi,  tunc  monasteria  fisco  regio  addici. 
Putabat  enim  adultera  minus  regise  majestati  conve- 
nire,  si  omnem  in  unum  hominem  vim  furoris  efiun- 
deret,  nisi,  ut  de  quodam  didtur,  incendium  suum 
ruina  extingueret.  Jamque  proscriptores  Glastoniam 
venerant,  et  arrosis  omnibus  eimi  loco  excedere  jube- 
bant.  Convenerat  frequens  vicinia,  velut  ad  patris 
exBcquias,  omnes  prseter  paucos  de  quibus  diximus  et 
dicemus  susurrones  lamentabantur  in  coelum,  onerabant 
aethera  suspiriis.  Interim  non  potuit  dissimulare  Isdii- 
tiam  suam  diabolus,  foedos   et  petulantes   cachinnos  in 


I 
I 


AUCTORE  WILLELMO  MALMESBERIENSI. 


285 


B.  p.  34. 
Adelard, 
p.  59. 
Osbern, 
p.  101. 
Eadmer, 
p.  192. 


B.  p.  84. 
Adelard, 
p.  59. 
Osbern, 
p.  101. 
Eadmer, 
p.  193. 


atrio  ecdesisB  ingeminare  auditus.  Dunstanum  auctor 
risus  non  latuit^  qui  etiam  quamvis  majora  urgerent, 
dicere  hosti  non  abstinuit,  "Nihil  est,  diabole,  quod 
"  de  abscessu  meo  gaudeas,  si  vaticinari  possis  quam 
"  multiplicius  in  reditu  meo  doleas."  Cedendum  ergo 
tempori  ratus,  ne  prsdsentia  sua  fiirentes  exstimularet, 
transito  mari  Flandriam  intravit.  Quo  audito,  altera 
Jezabel  nihilo  modestior  ministros  direxit  e  vestigio, 
scrutarique  jussit  eos  quicunque  sanctum  Dei  caritatis 
suscepissent  hospitio.  Omnes  itaque  accusati,  proscripti 
yel  absumpti.  Quid  enim  non  auderet  furiarum  max- 
ima quse  illius  oculos,  oculos  columbinos,  oculos  semper 
superius  intentos,  si  forte  inventus  esset,  intentaverat 
cavis  orbibus  evellere.  Sed  prsevenit  audaciam  foemi- 
neam  sancta  sancti  viri  providentia,  immo  ut  verius 
fatear,  Dei  Omnipotentis  Qui  Angliae  consultum  vole- 
bat  dementia. 

28.  Erat  eo  tempore  Amulphus  comes  Flandrise,  Elfredi 
superiorum  regum  avi  ex  filia  Ethelsuitha  pronepos. 
Princeps  magnificus  et  Dei  amori  deditus,  qui  monas- 
terium  apud  Oandavium,  olim  a  beato  Amando  episcopo 
constructum,  nobiliter  eo  tempore  ampliabat.  -Oui  etiam 
ad  tutelam  sui  et  patriae  corpora  sanctorum  intulit, 
Wandregisili,  Ansberti,  Wlmari.  Quorum  primus  Fon- 
tanellse  abbas,  secundus  et  tertius  primum  ibidem 
abbates,  mox  alter  apud  Betomagum,  alter  apud  Seno- 
nes  archiepiscopi  fuerant.  Hoc  ergo  audito  et  expul- 
sionis  suse  causis  expositis,  convenientem  religioni  suse 
benignitatem  ejus  expertus  est.  Siquidem  eo  jubente 
in  prsedicto  exceptus  monasterio,  non  mansitabat  ibi 
ut  exul  et  incola,  sed  colebatur  ut  domesticus  et  abba. 
Frustra  enim  certabatur  totis  Anglise  tumultibus  ad- 
versus  eum  cui  Deus  aderat.  Frustra  gloriabantur 
quidam  expulsum  patria,  cui  familiaris  sui  Andresa 
apostoli  non  deerant  suffi*agia.  Ipse  vigilanti  qusecun^ 
que  placita  suppeditabat ;  ipse  dormienti  consolationes 
divinitus  exhibebat.    In  eodem  quippe  monasterio  multa 


jAiighter  of 
the  devil  at 
Danstan's 
expulsion ; 
Donatan's 
answer. 


He  goes  to 
Flanders. 


Amult 
count  of 
Flanders. 


He  receives 
Dunstan 
at  Ghent. 


Friendship 
of  S.  An- 
drew. 


286  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

ei  coelitus  ostensa,  quibus  vel  dolorem  de  suorum  per- 
fidia  extenuaret,  vel  exitium  hostile  cognosceret.  Verbi 
causa  utrorumque  sequantur  exempla. 

SoiSwf  ^^-  Visus  est  sibi  quadam  noete  in  Glastoniae  choroB.  p.  85. 
giem^atiesse,  ibique  a  monachis  banc  .  antiphonam  cantari  J«f^'' 
^"ly.  audire;    "Quare   detraxistis    sermonibus   veritatis?  ad 

"  increpandum    verba   componitis '  et    subvertere    niti- Job.vi.26. 
'^  mini  amiciim  vestrum."    Ibi  antiphonam  interruptam 
silentio    monachosque    sdentia    sequentium    verborum 
frustrates,    quamvis   multipUci    temptarent   repetitione, 
nunquam    potuisse    titubantem    memoriam    emendare. 
Turn    se   vehementi    eos   invectione   arguere,  quod   ita 
sequentia  nescirent,    "Verumtamen  quae  cogitastis   ex- 
"  plete."     Sed  mox  divinum  oraculum  auditum  a  tem- 
pi! latere,  "  Ideo   fraudantur   horum    verborum  notitia 
"  quominus  ea  dicere  sciant,  quia  nunquam   explebunt 
"  opere  quod  cogitant,  ut  te  a  possessione   hujus   mo- 
'*  nasterii  funditus  extrudant."     Quibus  auditis   somno 
excedens,  rediit  ad  vigilias,  misericordi   et  omnipotenti 
Deo  de  tam  manifesta  consolatione   quaJes   decebat  re- 
ferens  gratias. 
^^  irt         30.  Nee  minus  mors  Edwii  regis,  quae  quomodo  acci-  OBbem, 
wuioui^  derit  sequens   libellus  dedarabit,  mors  inquam   Edwii  ^Jg^   ^ 
mb^M^    Dunstano  in  Gandavio  prsedaro  monstrata  est  indicio.  Eadmer, 
In  ipsa  nocte  obitus  ejus    ante   altare  pro  more  orans^' 
stabat,  ejusmodi  quippe  consuetudinem  pene  in  naturam 
traxerat.     Et  ecce  mirabile  dictu  videt  cominus  trans- 
euntes  piceae  fdliginis  formam  iadutos  dsemones.     Nee 
vero   ipse   more   nostro   inerti  pavore  refugit,  sed  dili- 
gentius  in  ipsas  tenebras  exacuens  oculos  vidit  ab  eis 
trahi   regis   animam   continuo  Gehennse   mancipandam. 
'Id  illi  et  tripudio  laetitisB  suae  et  imperioso  sancti  jussu  - 
coacti  prodidere.     Stetit  ante  oculos  Dunstani  humanse 
conditionis  miseratio,  et  si  quid  residuum  erat  ranooris^ 
fiigit  ex  animo.     Hsec  consideratio   scaturivit  in  corde 
beati  hominis,  et  proAidit  uberem  fontem  lacrymarum 


AUCTORE  WILLELMO  MALMESBERIENSI.  287 

ab  ocnlis,  gratum  Deo  sacnficium  et  suave  holocaustum.  Buiutan's 
Quod  iUe  prostratus  in  humum  thurificayit  in  coelmn^  tor  Edwy 
pro  eo  qui  se  patria  expulerat,  qui  denique,  suum  san- 
guinem  sitiens,  cupiditate  si  non  mucrone  ilium  liba- 
verat.  Quo  facto  Dunstanus  palam  fecit  mundo  quam 
bonus  esset  in  amicos  qui  tarn  gratus  erat  in  hostes. 
Oderat  ergo  in  Edwio  non  naturam  sed  culpam ;  ama- 
verat  quidem  hominem,  execrabatur  libidinem. 

31.  Hactenus  librum  primum  protraxisse  et  de  hoc  The  author 
miraculo  dixisse  suffecerit.  Cseterum  verba  sancti  ad  pretend  to 
daemones  vel  dsemonum  ad  ipsum.  prseterea  precibus  ejus  exact  words 

i  .1  .      ,  A      .    .         .     oiDunBtans 

animam   a   dsemonibus   extortam^  narrare  refugio,  quia  imeeohes.  ae 

.      .  ,      .  ,  ,.  1  .  .      Osbemhaa 

in  veten  exemplan  nee  nsec  nee  alia  perplura  invenio.  done. 
Talia  enim  novus  scriptor,  ut  esset  sermo  politior  et 
voluminis  moles  grandior,  ex  suo  adjicienda  putavit. 
Sed  nos  ea  inserere  £etstidivimus,  inteUigentes  quod 
nostrse  laudis,  prsesertim  falsse,  non  est  indigus  Dun- 
stanus. 

Explicit  Liber  prvmue ;  inoijpit  Prologvs  aecv/ndi. 


288 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


Liber  SecundusJ 


The  author 
haa  com- 
pleted his 
work  on 
the  anti- 
quity  of 
Glaston- 
bury. 


Critioism  on 
Oshern. 


His  account 
of  his  own 
work  on  the 
life  and 
miracles. 


Prologus. 

Antiquitatem  istius  sanctissimi  coendbii  Olastoniensis, 
in  quo  coelestem  profitemur  militiam,  alio  opere  quan- 
tum divinus  favor  affuit  absolvimus ;  quam  si  cui 
voluptati  erit  legere,  poterit  alias  apud  nos  invenire. 
Negotium  sane  illud  nos  frustra  suscepisse  non  causa- 
bitur  posteritas,  quoniam  subinde  legens  intellexerit 
quam  immaniter  Cantuariensis  cantor  in  describenda 
patris  nostri  vita  peccaverit.  Nam,  praeter  paucissima 
in  quibus  rectam  semitam  tenuit,  multa  sunt  vel  pene 
omnia,  ubi  vel  turbavit  miraculorum  ordinem,  vel  minu- 
endo  et  augendo  neglexit  veritatem:  rhetorum  morem 
imprimis  semulatus  mult6rum  reprsesentans  verba  quad 
dici  quidem  potuenmt  in  tempore,  sed  quis,  quseso,  ea 
nostro  saeculo  intulit  int^gra  veritate?  Vix  enim,  vix, 
inquam,  tenuis  ad  nos  gestorum  manavit  fama,  nedum 
ego  crediderim  potuisse  teneri  verba,  cum  ipso  dicto, 
volatica.  Nihil  tale  scriptores  antiqui,  secundum  quo- 
rum tenorem  ego,  vestris  obsecundans  jussis,  miracula 
ordini  suo  reddidi,  et  rerum  integritatem  restitui.  Ad- 
jeci  quae  deerant,  abscidi  quae  superfluebant.  Sed  huic 
dicto  timeo  ne  difficulter  ab  improbis  detur  venia, 
quamvis,  secundum  sententiam  oratoris  egregii,  in  re 
vera  crimen  arrogantise  non  debeam  vereri.*  Inter  quae 
notandum  quod  utriusque  linguse  scriptores,  quos  mihi 
ad  exemplum  dedistis,  dicunt  quidem  plerumque  unus 
plus  altero,  sicut  se  habebat  scribentium  memoria  vel 
intentio.  Caeterum  in  hiis  quae  utrique  dicenda  puta- 
verunt    in    unanimem    concurrunt  assensum,   ut   nihil 


^  The  second  book  is  in  a  mach 
later  hand  than  the  first,  but  it  is 
the  only  known  copy  of  the  work  of 


William.    See  the  Frefiice  to  this 
Tolnme. 
'  Oicero,  Orator,  (ed.  Steph.)  s.  72. 


AUCTOBE  WILLELMO  MALMESBERIEN6I. 


289 


videatur  diversum.     Solum   excipiatis  licebit  quod  dia-  General 

1     T     !•      J  •  J  T  1  harmony 

boll   fantasma  in  urso,   cane   et  vulpe,   alter  tempore  ©^ the  an- 

,_^  ,,'  •*■  cieut  lives. 

regis  Edmundi,  alter  Edwii,  Dunstano  intentatum  asse- 
nt. Sed  quid  hoc  sugillare  attinet,  in  quo  etsi  discre- 
pant de  tempore,  nihil  dissident  de  facti  veritate  ?  Nee 
illud  generabit  litem  quod  alter  Ethelgari  Cridiensis, 
alter  Elpheagi  Wintoniensis,  episcopatum  ab  Edredo 
rege  Dunstano  didt  oblatum;  credibile  enim  est  ut 
quod  unus  dixerit  alter  tacuerit,  et  rex  utrumque  ob- 
tulerit,  sed  de  neutro  impetraverit.  Heec  dixi  fortassis 
quam  lex  prolog!  sit  loquacius ;  sed,  quia  dicenda  erant, 
non  dici  potuerunt  brevius.  Quapropter,  quia  omnia 
quae  in  scrupulum  venire  poterant  vera  fide  absolvi, 
nunc'  secundum  librum  de  vita  Dunstani  ab  ortu  regis 
Edgari  incipiam.  Et  quoniam  primo  minores  ejus 
annos  et  gradus  percurri,  nunc  eum  per  auxiliatricem 
Dei  gratiam  ad  bravium  supemse  coron£e  per  summos 
honores  deducam. 

ExPLicrr  Prologus. 


Adelard, 
p.  56. 
Osbeni, 
p.  93. 
Eadmer, 
p.  183. 


Liber  Secundus. 
1.  Eadmundus  rex,  de  quo  superius  diximus,  duorum  Edmund 

t»     .  •!•  •  I.         J  •  and  Bl^vB 

fratrum   regum   medius,  in    spem    naeredum   prunens,  bad  two 
accepit  uxorem  Elfgivam   summo  loco  natam,  pudicitia 
et  sanctitate  preestantem.     Ea  foecunda  utero    contuHt 
marito  liberos,  Edwium,  quem  superior  sermo  infamavit, 
et  Edgarum  de  quo  nunc  dicere  pergam.     Cujus  futu- 
ram    magnitudinem    et    felicia    tempora     Ipse    auctor 
felicitatis   Deus   Dunstano    Suo    prsenunciare    dignatus 
est.     Sub  ipso  enim  momento    quo   eum   mater   effun- Prophecy  of 
debat   in   lucem,  audivit  Dunstanus   tum  abbas  vocem  Ed^ar. 
de  coelo  dicentem  "  Pax  Anglorum  ecclesiae,  exorti  nunc 
"  pueri   et   nostri   Dunstani    tempore."      Audivit    haec 
ille   facienda,   nos    audivimus   et    vidimus    facta,   nam 
quanta  fuit  eis   viventibus    pax   in  Anglorum   ecclesia 
non  est  in  promptu  dicere.     Cseterum  Edgaro  defuncto 

T 


290 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


per  aliquaata  monasteriorum  membra  pax  elanguit,  sed 
Dunstano  excedente  hie  fieuc  bellorum  setema,  iUie  febris 
interna  malorum  per  omne  Angliae  corpus  excanduit. 
£dKarinhi8  2.  EdgariLs,  per  iQcrementa  temporum  in  pueritiam 
contem-  provectus,  crebro  adhuc  privatus  monstrabat  indicio,  cui 
monastic  se  ui  regno  applicaturus  esset  studio.  Spirabat  enim 
"  tenera  setas  illustris  et  prudentis  pueri,  quod  robus- 
tiores  anni  mirifico  dedere  affectui.  Denique,  ut  in 
cujusdam  prologo  legi,^  qui  regulam  Benedicti  Anglico 
enudeabat  fuso,  dum  quadam  die  ludibundus  sagittis 
exerceret  animum,  animadvertit  procul  sedificia  magna, 
sed  situ  et  minis  deformia;  consuluit  ergo  socios  quid 
esset^  indaginem  veri  soUicita  mente  rimatus :  dictum 
est  ab  eis  fuisse  ibi  monasterium  olim  magnificum, 
nunc,  vel  bellica  hostium  clade  vel  tyrannica  regum 
destructum,  raro  incoli  habitatore.  Timi  ille  levatis  in 
altum  oculis  huic  se  voto  fecit  obnoxium,  ut  si  unquam 
regnaret,  et  istud  et  alia  in  statum  pristinum  excitaret, 
per  hsec  Deo,  Qui  scrutatur  interna,  et  hominibus  qui 
pnesentem  indolem  futuri  boni  viderent  interpretem, 
cams,  statim  ut  anni  tulere  ascitus  est  in  regnum 
magna  hominum  felicitate. 


Edwy  iKXiQ' 
cutesnis 
grand- 
mother. 


8.  Gravabat   adhuc   superas   auras   vivendo   Edwius,  OBbem, 
cujus  quanto  extendebatur  vita,  tanto  augebatur  malitia.  ^'Jj^  ^ 
Nam  prseter  insaniam,   quam  retuli   superius,  in  eccle-  p.  iss. ' 
siam  et  Dunstanum,   etiam   in  aviam    suam  Edgitham 
cruHelitatem  anhelavit  et  evomuit ;  foeminam  cujus  nulla 
unquam  littera  digne  mores  effigiabit,  nobilitate  et  re- 
ligione  juxta  prsestantem.     Contempsit   in    ea  Edwius 
dignitatem  regiam,  quod  duorum  fuisset  mater  reguni ; 
parvipendit  generis  affinitatem  quod  tulisset  utero   pa- 
trem  suum;   despexit  annorum  maturitatem  quod  jam 


^  See  Mon.  Angl.  i.  p.  xxyii. 
Beyner,  de  Apostolata  Benedictino- 
ram,  pt.  iii.  p.  77,  where  the  Reg^- 
aris  Concordia  is  given  in  Latin  ; 


the  pro<Bmiam  is  printed  bj  Selden 
in  Anglo-Saxon  and  Latin  in  the 
notes  to  Eadmer,  p.  U5. 


AVCTORE  WILLELMO  MALMESBERIENSI. 


291 


6.  p.  86. 
Osbern, 
p.  103. 
Eadmer, 
p.  194. 


B.  p.  36. 
Adelard, 
p.  60. 
Oflbern, 
p.  103. 
£admer, 
p.  195. 


B.  p.  36. 


vergebat  in  senium ;  nihili  duxit  dapsilitatem  quod 
esaet  omnium  gentium  quasi  fidum  aerariuin.  Consddit 
igitur  omnia,  interdicens  ei  curia  et  patrimonio.  Non 
potuerunt  ultra  ferre  AngU  proterviam  inaani  juvenis  qui 
etiam  in  proprios  saeviret  affectus.  Uno  ergo  consensu 
plusquam  civile  bellum  consciscunt.  Quicunque  citra 
Humbram,  quicunque  citra  Tamensem  fluvium  populi 
erant,  in  Edwium  pari  armantur  sententia.  Ita  laultis 
conspirantibus,  nullis  vel  paucis  auxiliantibus;  fieuuli 
negotio  pulsum  ultra  Tamensem  reliquere,  has  interim 
ei  partes  ad  tutandam  quam  ei  poUidti  fidem  con- 
cedentes.  Fuerunt  enim  semper  tenaces  fidei,  nee  un- 
quam  in  dominos  quantumlibet  asperos  rebelles.  De- 
nique  per  ducentos  et  quinquaginta  annos  audivimus, 
ciun  eos  West  Saxonum  reges  multis  ssepe  irritassent 
injuriis,  semper  tamen  illorum  ditioni  sucdduis  sub- 
debantur  saeculis.  Quodrca  cum  istum,  ut  dixi,  justis 
et  necessariis  causis  parte  tantum  regni  mutilassent, 
Edgarum  fratrem  praefecerunt  alteri,  voluntati  nimirum 
Dei  consentanei.  Hie  statim  ut  setatis  infirmitatem, 
non  enim  major  quam  sedecim  annorum  erat,  maturiori 
fiilciret  consilio,  partis  suse  optimates  indicto  convocavit 
consilio.  Ibi  cum  aliis  iUud  prsecipue  decretum  ut 
privilegia  ecclesiarum,  quse  saeculo  suo  tyrannus  invi- 
derat  prona  libertate  restituerentur.  Quod  ut  enudea- 
tins  fieret,  Dunstanum  ab  exilio  revocandum^  qui  et 
ea  omnia  nosset,  et  quominus  renovarentur  nulli  potes- 
tati  pro  consdentia  religionis  cederet. 

4.  Edwius  interim  fatali  sorte  vitam  exivit,  festinatae 
mortis  benefido  multis  exemptus  injuriis^  sive  dolor 
repuls8B  obitum  celeraverat,  sive  sustulerat  Deus  homi- 
nem  de  medio,  parum  ecclesise  profuturum,  non  dico 
multum  nodturum.  At  Dunstano  ab  exilio  reverso  ab 
omnibus  optimatibus  libenter  occursiun,  a  rege  favor 
effusus,  parum  intercessit  temporis  et,  coacto  apud 
Bradford  consilio,  censitum  est  ab  episcopis  ut  Dun- 
stanus  episcopatus  gradum  sumeret,  quo  majori  auc- 
toritate  regis  tirocinia  posset  regere.     Tunc   enim  Ee- 

T  2 


This  pro- 
vokes a 
rebellion. 


He  18  re- 
jected by 
the  people 
north  of  the 
Thames,  but 
retains  the 
south. 


Loyalty  to 
the  West- 
Saxon  kings. 


Edgar  at 
the  age  of 
sixteen  be. 
comes  king 
and  recalls 
Dunstan. 


Edwy  dies. 


Dnnstan 
is  chosen 
bishop. 


292 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


As  biiihup 
of  Worces- 
ter, he  has 
the  promise 
of  8.  Peter 
fuUlIIed. 


Criticism  on 
Osbern. 


Odooonse- 
crates  Dun- 
Stan  u 
archbishop. 


nenwaldus  Wigomensium  antistes  moriens  ei  locum 
vacuefecerat.  Properabat  quippe  impleri  quod  viderat 
somnium,  quod  verius  quilibet  vocet  divinum  vatici- 
nium.  Tunc  enim  beatus  Petrus  suum  tradidit  ensem, 
quum  ei  in  Wigomia  suam  non  invidit  sedem.  Nam 
thronus  pontificalia  in  Wigomia  nondum  transierat 
in  nomen  beatae  Dei  Genitricis.  Quomodo  autem  et 
quando  transient  sequens  sermo  elucidabit.  Quo  de- 
inceps  ambiguo  Osbemus  multa  casso  labore  verba 
consumpsit/  dum  aliquid  verisimilo  conaretur  procu- 
dere  quare  Dunstanus  in  Wigomia  episcopus  fuerit, 
cum  cam  sedem  a  Domini  matre  sibi  datam  non 
viderit.  Unde  comperio  parum  eum  investigasse  his- 
torias,  qui  suse  patriae  nescient  ecclesias.  In  banc 
ergo  sedem  consecrandus,  pro  more  Cantuariam  con- 
tendit.  Durabat  adhue  in  rebus  humanis  beatus  Odo 
archiepiscopus  infractus  setate  sed  integer  mente.  Is 
super  electum  ^t  consecrationis  solemnia,  non  ut 
Wigomiae  pontificem  sed  ut  Cantuariae  primatem.  Nee, 
quamvis  multo  drcumstantium  interpolatus  murmure, 
abstitit.  Quinimmo  susurros  eorum  levi  sermone  com- 
pescuit,  non  se  oris  vel  mentis  titubantia  peccasse,  sed 
esse  factum  suum  non  inane,  ore  suo  loqui  Spiritum 
Sanctum,  Qui  prsesignaret  beatum  illmn  poet  se  fore 
archiepiscopum.  Hujus  denunciationis  prsesagio  Dun- 
stanus insignis  omni  constanti  reverentia  et  reverenti 
constantia  agere,  vitae  suae  potissimum  intendere,  postea 
subjectorum  mores  non  negligere,  postremo  tota  niti  so- 
lertia,  ut  minae  quibus  obstrinxerat  diabolum  prodirent 
in  effectum.  Credo  nequam  spiritum  sSBpe  momenta- 
neam  deplorasse  laetitiam,  cum  tantum  videret  a  se 
dissociari  turbam.  Hoc  quippe  quotidianum  pontificis 
erat  exercitium,  comminisci  unde  faceret'  gaudium  bonis, 
tristitiam  spiritibus  protervis. 

6.  Impleta  erat  jam  visionis   portio,   pars  implenda 
restabat.     Petrus  fidem  poUicitam  solverat;   ut  Paulus 


6.  p<  86. 
Adelard, 
p.  60. 
Osbern, 
pp.  103, 
104. 

Eadmer, 
p.  195. 


^  Above,  p.  106. 


AUCTORE  WILLELMO  MALMESBERIENSI. 


293 


37. 

Adelard, 
p.  60. 
Osbern, 
p.  105. 
Eadmer, 
p.  196. 


B.  pp.  36,  idem  £EM!eret  supererat:  Nee  vero  distulit,  sed,  ut  h«'  iK»comes 
credi  fas  est,  exorato  Deo  Londoniensium  episcopum  in  loTidon. 
quietas  sedes  traduxit.  Turn  vero  rex,  qui  nullam  oc- 
casionem  prsetermitteret  quominus  Dunstanum  subli- 
maret,  eum  ad  Pauli  ecdesiam  gubemandam  crebro 
invitavit ;  prudens  primi  episcopatus  administratio 
re^    aniniuTn    exstimulaverat,    spem    auxerat.      Nihil  His  re- 

^^  lUCLtllll'G  IS 

quippe  nimium  videbatur  committi  ei  in  cujus  animo  overcome' 
ad  multa  gubemanda  concordabat  sapientia  cum  re-  f}}^L^"jf ^ 
ligione,  in^nium   cum  virtute.     Renuit   ille    diu,  frus-  and  the     * 

.    .  T-i  •   .  proaoise  of 

traque    tnvisset    Edgarus    preces,    msi    communis    e})i-  ^j^A** 
scoporum  assensus   renitentem   superasset,   quamvis    et 
mentem  ejus  soUicitare   potuit  supradicta  visio,  ne   ob- 
stinate putaret    negandum    quod    per   apostolum   jam 
noverat   prsesignatum.     Quapropter  subjecit  jugo  quod 
imponebat  caritas  ex  fratemo  episcoporum  animo.     Nee 
fdit  hoc  transgredi  canones,  quia  cedunt  leges  humanae 
ubi    promulgantur    divinse.      Quocirca    nulla    sanctum 
virum  transgressionis   pulset  invidia,  ubi  non   fuit  am- 
bitus   honoris,   non    appetitus    potestatis.      Nam    quid 
horum   in  ejus  pectore   potuit   esse  qui   fuit   per   apo- 
stolos    designatus,   per   collegium   sacerdotum    ascitus  ? 
Sed  de   hiis    cuique    liberum    erit  judiciiun,  dummodo 
non  avertatur  in  pravum,  sed  dedinet  in  bonum.     Ego 
coeptam  narrationem  prosequar  quomodo  secundum  pro- 
phesiam  regis  Edredi    pro  ^  in  principio  erat  Verbum,"  tiio  third 
quod  erat  scriptum  in   gladio  Petri,   fuerit  Dunstanus  remuiS^. ' 
oonstitutus  princeps  et  primas  Anglise  in  ecdesia  Salva- 
toris  Cantuarise:  nee  minus  quomodo  Andrese   gladium 
acceperat,  quia  Rofensis  ecclesia,  eidem  apostolo  dedicata, 
sequitur  Cantuariensem   sicut   matrem    filia,   sicut  do-  How  s.  An- 
minam   pedissequa.     Qui  enim  Cantuariensis  archiepi-  to  be  rui- 
scopus   est   in   Rofensi    ecclesia    proprius    vel   dominus 
si  S88VUS,  vel  patronus  si  bonus.     Hoc  igitur  dicturus 
qusedam  ad  rem  pertinentia  prsemittam. 

6.  Maturus  erat  jam  coelo  sanctus  archiepiscopus  Odo,  Death  of 
poscebaturque  a  superis  dvibus,  ut  ejus  adventu  eorum 
augeretur   numerus.     Nee    ille    vi    morbi    tactus,    ulla 


294 


VITA  SANCTI  DXJNSTANI 


£lf;fin  sue 
cojds. 


He  insults 
tho  dead 
Odo. 


« 


tt 


tristitia  excusavit  adventum,  sed  "  exultavit  ut  videret  B-  PP-  3^» 

37 

"  diem    Domini,    vidit   et    gavisus    est."       Timi    vero  Adeiard, 
Edganis  rex  oblatum  sibi  tempus  existimans  quo  Dun-  P-  ^• 
dtano  fiEusere  bene  tantum   posset  pene  quantum  vellet,  p.  107.* 
ut  archiepiscopatum  -susciperet  preces  ingessit  et  reges-  ^^^JitT ' 

Dunstan      sit,    sod  nihil   profedt.      Quapropter    Elfsius   Wintoni- 198. 

cantorbury.  ensis  episcopus  sedem  summam  involavit  continuo, 
surreptis  per  advocatos  suos  regis  edictis;  homo  in- 
tractabilis  avaritide,  ambitionis  nimise,  qui  multum  diu- 
que  Cantuariae  inhiaverat.  Quod  ipso  die  processionis 
SU8B  dissimulare  non  potuit.  Magna  enim  cum  fiiisset 
pompa  exceptus,  sacrilegum  spirans  accessit  ad  tumbam 
beati  Odonis.  Putabant  fortasse  comites  quod  sanctse 
animsB  vellet  offidum  deferre.  At  ille,  O  dolendum 
neEas,  et  tumbam  pede  depulit  et  in  defimctum  convida 
eflFiidifc.  "Tandem,"  inquit,  "vivacem  animam  effudisti, 
pessimo  senex !  Tandem  tua  mala  giatia  potior  sede 
cupita."  Facinus  miserandum  et  ssevum,  fiiisse  pon- 
tiiieem  qui  in  memoriam  defuncti  pontifids  tam  exe- 
erandas  ructaret  injurias!  Sequenti  sane  nocte,  appa- 
rente  sibi  sancto,  temeritatis  admonitus  et  in  futurum 
minis    territus,   nihilo    sedus    Romam    pro    pallio    ire 

He  is  killed  perseveravit.      Jam    vero    prope    Alpes    ventum    cum 

tiioAips.  esset,  miserabile  frigus  medullas  concipiens,  nulla  copia 
vestium,  nullo  ignis  admotu  calefieri  potuit.  Itaque 
exinteratis  equorum  ventribus  pedes  immittens,  cum 
nee  in  veporem  eos  animare  posset,  anima  fugiente 
diriguit.  Hoc  in  Angliam  nundo  delato,  iterum  ad 
Dunstanum  de  archiepiscopatu  preces  relatae,  iterumque 
cassatse.  Tum  fuere  qui  dicebant  Brichtelmum  Dorsa^ 
tensem  episcopum  pro  animi  modestia  et  vitse  munditia 
debere  Cantuariam  migrare.  Facilis  fuit  regis  concessio, 
qui  ad  hoc  animum  induxerat  suimi,  ut,  amplitudine  for- 
tunse  non  abutens,  bonorum  precibus  refragari  non  vide- 
retur.  Yerumtamen  post  paucos  dies  cognitum  est, 
quia  illud  quod  putabatur  in  Brichtelmo  mentis  modestia 
erat  potius  inertia.  Quapropter  remissions  animi  judi- 
catus  minusque  magno  regimini  accommodus,  ex  volun- 


Brihthclm 

succei'ds. 


His  weak- 


AUCTORE  WILLELMO  MALMESBERIENSI. 


295 


B.  p.  38. 
Adelard, 
p.  60. 
Osbem, 
p.  107. 
Eadmer, 
p.  198. 


B.  pp.  88, 
89. 


tate  regis  valefecit  aJienis  honoribus  in  suos  regressus.  His  retire- 
Ita  rex,  adjuncto  sibi  omniulm  episcoporum  et  procerum 
sufiragio.  Duiistaauin  predbua  tentovit,  nee  destitit 
quoad  ille  importimitati  succuinbens  omnium  voluntati 
manus  daret.  Onmes  enim  illi,  non  tarn  hnmani  casus 
quam  divini  nutus,  servierant  somno  Dunstani  et  vatidnio 
regis  Eclredi.  Non  enim  otiosum  esse  vel  in  vanum 
cedere  poterat,  quod  gloriosus  rex  per  Spiritum  dixerat. 
Suscepit  ersq  Dunstanus  nostrarum  ecdesiarum  prin-  Dunstan 
dpem,  ecdesiam  olim  sibi   prsBcellentis  metalli.  litteris  oantoibury. 

•         ■%•%*  •••  .1  -i«i  n  •!  tuod.  the  rest 

in  gladio   prmcipis   apostolorum    designatam.     Suscepit  of  the  Yiiion 

Domini    Salvatoris    in    Ejusdem    basilica   jugum,    Qui 

Ipse   principium,    et   Ipse    in  principio  Verbum,    caro 

factus   est   in   fine  sseculorum.     Non   minus,  ut   ante 

dixi,  cum  Cantuariensi  primatu  suscepit  beati  Andreas 

in   urbe  Rofensi    sedem,  qusa   nunquam   potest   diyeUi 

ab  ejus   caritate,  sicut   nee   membrum  a   capite ;   nihil 

restat  ergo  de  debito;   solutum  est  quicquid  debebatur 

ex    promisso.      Itaque    probatur    non    fiiisse    frivolum 

somnium   quod    tam    nobili    ordine    constat    esse    im- 

pletum. 

7.  Pro  more  igitur  antecessorum,  pro  insigni  primatus  He  ffoes  to 
sui  suscipiendo   ad   Romam    iter   composuit.     Currente  tWiT. 
per   regiones   vise    coterminas  fama^  turmatim  ad   eum 
ruebant  populi,  hii  victum,  hii  vultum,  omnes  benedic- 
tionem  ejus  optantes.     Impartiebat  ipse  omnibus  neces- 
sarian et  dabantur  eo  jubente  cibi,  effimdebaturque  pecu- 
nia.     Suggerentibus   ciborum  ministris,  jam  exhaustum 
esse  marsupium,  jam    in   angusto   esse  victum,   semper  ms  uyish 
praetendebat  Christum,  darent  ilK  libere^  redderet  Chris-  the  wi^^ 
tus    liberaliter.     Prseterea    convenire    archiepiscopo    ut 
omni  die  omnem  hominem  suo  illustret  beneficia    Non 
erat  ministris  obniti  constantia  auctoritate  viri  devinc^ 
tis.     Ita   quamvis  darentur  omnia    qu8B  vel   extulerant 
patria  vel   largitas   contulerat   aliena,  nunquam   tamen 
eis    defuit   Christus.     Denique   cum   quadion   die,  con- 


I- 


296  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANX 

CompUints  sumptis  sumptibus,  ne  diumus  quidem  suppeteret  vie-  b.  pp.  38, 
stexxard.      tus,  secessit  pontifcx  jam  Hiatus  hospitio,   ut   vespei-as  ^^• 
hora   monente   conficeret.     Cavillante   interea  ministro 
cui    dispensandi    provincia   fuit   delegata,  quod    firustra 
Hiswants    sibi  de  Christo  applauserat,  ex  insperato  abbas  e  vicino 
supplied,     commanens  multa  intulit  xenia,  tanta  eongessit  obsonia, 
ut  eo  et  sequentibus  diebus   non  solum  tolleret  famem 
sed  etiam  eumulavit  satietatem.     Sie  ministro  ne  grun- 
niret  cohibito,  prsesul  liberalitatis  in   pauperes  propen-     »  V  ^  ^ 

siop  Homam  pervenit,  ibi  ab  apostolico  Johanne  dignan-  v  ^^'Tc  ^ 

ter  exceptus,  pallium  cum  gratia,  cum  gloria  reditum,    .'-    \\J^  c^y 
\  impetravit ;   privilegium  etiam  intulit  patriae   quod  hie      \         <f  ^  -^ 

pro  antiquitatis  indicio  volo  apponere;^  * 

^rftnt!^         "  J^^^^i-i^^s  episcopus  servus  servorum,*  con&atri  Dujr-        ^^ 
igje  John    «  stano  Dorobcmensis  (eedesigB  arcbiepiseopo  vitaB  *'  per-   j^/^  o  ^^-^ 
bunstan.      "  manendam    in    Christo    salutem.     Si  pastores   ovium  , , ' 

'^       "  solem   geluque    pro  gregis  sui  custodia  nocte  ac   die;  .x*  i    ^^ 
/  I     '  "  ferre  contenti  sunt,  et  oculis  circumspectant*  vigilan-      ^^  ^       * 

V  V  ,  "  tibus  ne*  aliqua/ex  ovibus    aut    errando  pereat  aut 

^  '  "  ferinis  laniata  morsibus  rapiatur ;  quanto  sudore, 
quantaque  cura  debemus  esse  pervigiles  ob  salutem 
animarum,  qui) dicimu^  pastores^ earum  !  Attendamus 
igitur  nos  officium  exhibere  erga  custodiam  Domini- 
carum  ovium,  et  ne  quasi  lupo  veniente  territi  fu- 
giamus,  ne  in  die  divini  examinis  pro  desidia  nostra 
ante  summum  pastorem  ex®  negligentia  nostra  ex- 
"  cruciemur.  Unde  modo  Eonoris  reyerentia  in  subli- 
miore  arce  cdeteris  dijudicamur.  Primatum  itaque 
tuum,  in  quo  tibi  ex  more  antecessorum  tuorum  vices 
apostolicsB  sedis  exercere  convenit^  ita  tibi  ad  plenum 


•^ 


'  ^ 


\ 


ce 
(t 
tt 

tt 


tt 
tt 
tt 


,  *  Given  also  partly  in  the  Gesta 
/Pontificam  (ed.  Hamilton),  pp.  61, 
^62;  Eadmer,  Hist.  Nov.,  p.  128$ 
and  in  Mabillon,  AA.  SS.  O.S.B. 
sec.  V.  p.  643,  from  the  Fans  MS. 
943,  whence  the  following  various 
readings  are  taken. 


^  servorum\  Dei,  ins.  Mab. 

'  vita  ]  tue  tantommodo,  ins. 
Mab. 

^  circunupectant  ]  conspectant, 
Mab.' 

*  ne']  ut  ne,  Mab. 

*  ex]  pro,  Mab. 


;:  /-.  t-  ..■•■.  •   ■    ■   ,••    -•  /  •■' 


AUCTORE  WILLELMO  MALMESBERIENSI. 


297 


? 


( 


".   V* 


/ 


*  • 


^ 


(C 


(( 


t< 


tc 


It 


(C 


t< 


ft 


tl 


« 


<f 


(I 


« 


« 


<f 


« 


C( 


(( 


« 


« 


(( 


<f 


« 


« 


Cf 


tt 


it 


tt 


f  ^»  X  t*^ 


/ 


u 


r  *- 


/ 


confinnamus,  sicut  beatiim  Au^stinum  ejusque  suc-Hovhe 

WAS  to  llSO 

cessores  prsefatse  ecclesise  pontifices  plenius  habuisse  thepaii. 

digno8citurJ>)  Pallium  vero  *  fratemitati  tu8B  ex  more 

ad  Missarum  solemnia  celebranda  commendamuS;  quo  /; ; 

tibi  non  aliter,  ecdesiae  tuse  privilegiis  ill  suo  statu         / 

manentibus,   uti   concedimus,*  _nisij|uem  usum  ante- 

cessores  vestri*  prodiderunt.     Neque  tua  prudentia* 

boc  incogmtuin    habet,®^  quoniam    indumenti    honor 

moderatione  actuum  tenendus  ^  erit,  honestati  morum 

tuoTum  haec  omamenta  convenUnt,  quatinus  auctore 

Deo  possis  esse  conspicuus,  ita  ut  vita  tua  filiis  tuis 

sit   regula,   et  in   ipsa  si   qua   tortitudo®  illis   inest, 

dirigatur,   dum   in  ea  quod   imitentur  aspiciunt,®  in     /  / 

ipsa  semper  considerando  proficiant^  ut  tecum  Deum 

per  hoc  quod  baie  vixerint  videre  mereantur.      Cor  Good  advice^ 

ergo  tuum    neque  prosperis,  quae  temporaliter  blan-  popef 

diuntur,  extoUatur,  neque  adversis  dejiciatur.     Quic-  C 

quid  Ulud  fuerit  adversi  virtute  in  Christo  patientise  ^® 

devinciatur.      Nullum  apud  te  locum  favor  indiscre- 

tus  inveniat,  in  omnibus  discretionem  alii  in  te  cog- 

noscant.      Insontem    apud    te    culpabilem    suggestio 

mala    non    faciat.      Nocentem    gratia    non    excuset. 

Remissum  te  delinquentibus  non  ostendas,  nee  quod 

illis  non  profiierit  hos  perpetrare  permittas.     Sit  in 

te  ^^  boni  pastoris  dulcedo,  sit  et  judicis  severa  de- 

strictio.     Unum  scUicet  quo  innocentes  foveas,   aliud 

quo  inquietos  feriendo  a  pravitate  compescas.      Sed 

quoniam  nonnunquam  prsepositorum   zelus,  dum  dis- 


<r^" 


? 
I 


r- 


ix 


1  Primatum  . .  digw>9ciiur\  **  HflBC 
«  desiint  in  MS."  Mab. 

'  vero"]  autem,  Mab. 

'  concedinnu']  nisi  solommodo  in 
Nativitate  Domisi  'et  in  Epipbaniay 
atque  in  Resurrecttone^et  Ascensione 
Domini,  ac  Fentecosten,  pariterqne 
in  AasumptioneDei  genitricis  Maris, 
seu  in  natalitiis  apostolonun ;  yerum 
etiam  in  consecratione  episcoponun 
atque  in  natalis  tui  die,  necnon  in 


die  consecrationis   ecclesise,  quern 
usum,  &c.,  ins.  Mab. 

•  vestn]  nostri,  Mab. 

'  tua  prudentia']  tuus  usus,  Mab. 

•  kabet']  vel  cigusque,  iuB.  Mab. 

7  tenendus']  tremendus,  Mab, 

8  tortitudo'i  fortitude,  Mab. 

•  aspieiunt'}  aspiciant,  Mab. 

»o  patientia]  a  te,  ins.  Mab. ;  de- 
vincatur,  Mab. 
"  te]  et,  ins.  Mab. 


\    \ 


ti 
<t 
« 
« 
tf 


'  ^  .-' : 


298  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

Pmiiege     "  trictius  malorum  vindex  est,  transit  in  crudelitatem, 
toDiSLi  "  correptionem  *   in  judido  re&sena,  et  censuram   dis- 
"  ciplinas    discute,  ut  et  culpas  ferias,   et  a  dilectione 
"  perversomm   quos   corripis*  non  recedas.     Misericor- 
diam,  prout  virtus  patitur,  pauperibus  exhibe,  oppres- 
sis    defensio   tua  subveniat;   opprimentibus   modesta 
ratione  contradicas.     Nullius   faciem  contra  justitiam 
accipias.      Nullum    quaerentem   justa    despicias.      In 
custodia  sequitatis  excellas,  ut  nee  divitem  pro  poten- 
/       "  tia  sua  apud  vos  aliquid  quserentem  ^  extraTviam^'de     /  S  i^  ^^^'^'^^ 
"  aecusatione    audias ;   nee   pauperem   faeiat   liumililas 
"  sua  desperare ;   quatenus   Deo   miserante  talis  possis'        '  ^ 
"  existere  qualem  sacra  lectio  prsecipit  dicens,  'Oporteti  Tim.  1112. 
"  '  episcopum   irreprehensibilem   esse.'      Sed  hiis  omni- 
"  bus    uti    salubriter   poteris,    si    magistram    caritatem 
"  habueris;    quam    qui  secutus  fiierit  a  recto*  tramite 
"  non  recedit.     Ecce,  f5rater  carissime,  inter  multa  alia^ 
'''  ista  sunt   sacerdotum,   ista   sunt   pallii   jura,  qusB  si         /       / 
"  studiose    servaveris,    quod    foris    accepisse    ostendis*  /      ^"^^"^ 
"  intus  habebis.     Sancta  Trinitas  fratemitatem  vestram 
"  gratise  Suse  protectione  circmndet,  atque  ita  in  timo- 
"  ris  Sui  viam  te  dirigat^  ut  post  vitse  hujus  amaritu- 
"  dinem    ad    setemam  simul  pervenire  dulcedinery  me- 
"  reamur.     Et   hoc   scriptum   est   per   manum    Leonis 
"  scrinialis  sedis  apostolicse,  in  mense  Octobri,  indictione 
"  iiiita.  data  die  V  kalendas  Octobris ;  anno  duodecimo* 
"  summi  pontificis  Johannis." 


'  correpttcnem  ]  correctionem, 
Mab. 

3  corripis']  corrigis,  Mab. 

'  quarentem\  om.  Mab. 

^  tnam]  siiam,  ins.  Mab. 

*  recto]  aliquando,  inB.  Mab. 

^  oHendM]  ostenderis,  Mab. 

5^  i.]  u°.,  Mab.  ;  primo,  Gest. 
Pontif. 

®  Ajb   John    XII.    only   reigned 


read  vii"**.  for  xii*"<».,  or  accept  the 
conjecture  of  Baronias,  and  read 
"  anno  vi^.  Johannis  daodecimi.'' 
The  indiction  seemB  to  point  to 
960,  which  irould  be  the  sixth 
year  of  John.  There  is  no  reason 
to  question  the  genuineness  of  the 
letter,  which  is  foond  in  the  pontifical 
of  Sherborne,  a  MS.  of  Dnnstan's 
own  tirne^  in  the  Boyal  Library  at 


from  955  to  964,  we  should  perhaps  f  Paris,  MS.  943. 


AUCTOBE  WILLELHO  MALMESBERIENSI. 


299 


Adelard, 
p.  62. 
Osbero, 
p.  109. 
Eadmer, 
p,  203. 


8.  Beatum  ergo  pontificem  feliciter  totum  iter  emen- 
sum  desideriis  patrise  sospes  carina  restituit.  Cujus  redi- 
turn  tarn  sibi  prosperum  quam  suis  votivmn,  primo  excep- 
tionis  SU88  die  in  Cantia^  miraeuliun  divinitus  ofitensmn 
commendavit.  Assistebat  candidatus  altari,  archiepisco- 
patus  sui  redimitus  insigni,  cum  interim  templum  lu- 
cida  oppleyit  nubes,  et  colimiba^  incertum  unde,  veniens, 
sacrificantem  diu  multumque  plausibili  volatu  circuivit. 
Ad  postremiun  ejus  vertici,  familiari  scilicet  Sancti 
Spiritus  subsellio,  insidens,  ante  peractum  officiimi  non 

labscessit.  Inde  super  sepulcrum  beati  Odonis  pausam 
,  habuit,  quod  modo  pyramidis  in  australi  sedis  parte 
I  fabrefactum  fuit.  Quod  pontifex  intuitus  tantiun  reve- 
rentisB  in  sepultum  concepit,  ut  non  facile  locum  trans- 
iret  nisi  et  genua  flecteret  et  caput  submitteret.  Nee 
dubitabat  cum  omni  occasione  sanctum  vocare  et  patrio 
sermone  utens  oondnna  urbanitate,  "Ode  the  goode" 
dicere. 

9.  Sedit  ergo  in  Cantia  Dunstanus,  ut  verbis  illius  qui 
vitam  beati  Athelwoldi  composuit,  utar,  vultu  angelicus, 
quasi  columna  immobilis,  eleemosynis,  doctrina  et  ac- 
tione  praecipuus,  prophesia  prsepollens.  Faucis  profecto 
scriptor  iUe^  comprehendit  beati  pontifids' vitam.  Cujus 
ego  particularius  enodabo  sententiam.  Nam  quod  in 
Dunstano  niton  animi  respondent  claritas  faciei,  tes- 
tantur  multse  quas  ssepe  legi  epistolae  ad  eum  missse, 
quae  nivi  capitis  candorem  morum  dicunt  convenisse. 
Quamvis  quantulum  hoc  ad  ejus  attingit  laudem,  in 
quo  majora  fuerunt  omnia  quam  ut  ea  quselibet  possit 
adomare  facimdia^  nisi  major  videatur  Dei  gratia  in 
homine  quando  hUaritas  frontispicii  concordat  pectoris 
puritati !  Fuit  porro  vir  ille  columna  immobilis,  quo- 
niam  nullius  unquam  potestatis  terrore  concussus  est  a 


Dunstan's 
return. 


MiraculouM 
event  at  his 
first  visit  to 
Canterbury. 


Dunstui^ 
character  a 
archbishop. 


Ezpofiition 
of  tlie  words 
of  the  bio- 

f-apher  of 
thelwold. 


>  Wulfetaiiy  the  biogn^er  of  S. 
Ethelwold;  MabiUon,  AA.  SS. 
O.S.B.  ssec.  y.  p.  601  :  **  Mansit  in 
"  Cantia  triginta  et  leptem  annis 


'*  quasi  columna  immobilis,  doctrina 
'*  et  actione  precipuus,  angelieo 
"  Tultn  decorus,  eleemosynis  et  pro- 
phetia  pnepoUettB." 


« 


300  VITA  SANCTI   DUNSTANI 

ExoQMes  of  veritatis  soliditate.     Namque,  ut  a  sanctuario  Dei  exor-  Osbem, 

the  secular  «..   1 1  a 

cierS?        diar,  eo  tempore  omnium  ecclesiarum  in  AngUa  clericiPPj^*^' 
omnino  a  canonum  regula  desdverant,  nundinis  negotio-  Eadmer,  ' 
rum  dediti ;  alese  lusores  studiosi,  fluxu  vestium,  volupta-  ^' 
turn  luxu,  laicis  vel  pares  vel  prseminentes ;  cibo  intenti 
ad  gulam,  potui  ad  vomicam ;  litterarum  perinde  nescii, 
quasi  dedecus  esset  si  clerici  essent  litterati ;  usitata  offi- 
cia  citra  intellectimi  verborum  vix  segreque  balbutientes. 
prevents      Huic  verecundsB  miseriaB  et  miserae  verecundise  antistes 
m^ou'^  !  medehidum  arbitratus,  ita  consilium  expedivit,  ut  nullum  Adelard, 
ad  ecclesiasticos  honores,  episcopatus  dico,  aspirare  pate-  ^'^^' 
,  retur,  nisi  religiossB  vits&  abbatem   aut   monachum  j  id 
ideo  ut  subjectis  clericis  talas  pnesules  verbo  et  exemplo 
fadenda  formarent.    Paruerunt  sedulo  pontifices  summo 
primati  ad  emendationem  dericorum ;  parum  propemodum 
tod  orders   hac  profecerunt  industria.     Tiun  ille  severioribus  reme- 
livecanon-   diis    inveteratos   resdndens  morbos,  dericos  omnes  hoc 

ically.  ' 

oonvenit  edicto ;  "  aut  canonice  vivite  aut  ecclesiis  exite." 

Illi    calcantes    contra    stimxdum,    mollioremque    vitam 

eligentes,  ecclesias  monachis  vacuarunt.     Cumque  mise- 

.  rabiliter  per  patriam  vagabundi  a  fortums  suis  exularent, 

et   regem    et    principes   fautores   apud   archiepiscopum 

The  king   .  habucrunt    ut    sententiam     temperaret.      Verumtamen 

but  after-    nimquam  ille  ullis  predbus  addud  potuit  ut  canonicos 

wards  com-  .i-i  ..  .  .  -n  ^ 

pels  them  to  sumptus  habcreut  qui  canomce  vivere  nollent.  Qua- 
propter  rex  rei  sequitate  et  archiepiscopi  voluntate 
permotus,  cessavit  ultra  illis  suum  exhibere  favorem, 
qui  turpiter  viventes  antistitis  non  mererentur  absolu- 
tionem,  quia  vulnerarent  mentem.  Nihil  enim  putabat 
expet^ndum  quod  vel  saltem  ejus  turbaret  vultum,  in 
omnibus  ei  deferens  obnoxius  ut  gratissimo  parenti 
filius.  Nam  ubi  antistitis  in  delinquentes  minus  ope- 
rabatur  sermo,  ipse  judicium  exserens  legali  utebatur 
gladio,  omnes  legum  rebelles  earundem  severitate  coer- 
Treatment  ccus.  Itaquc  omnes  vcl  clam  ftires  vel  palam  prae-  i 
andftrauda-  dones   cxitio   dati    vel    exilio  deportati.     Monetarii  qui 

lent  money-  ,        *  ■*■ 

ew-  damno  provincialium  suum   infarciebant  marsupium,  si 

oorrigi  nollent,  pedibus  et  pugnis  cxspoliati.     Veneficae, 


AUCTORE  WILLELMO   MALMESBERIENSI. 


301 


Osborn, 
p.  110. 


Adelard, 
p.  67. 
Osbem, 
p.  106. 
Eadmer, 
p.  200. 


et  quae  caritatem  connubii  oblitse  viros  necassent,  in- 
cendio  datae.  Alieni  matrimonii  expugnatores  ab 
ecclesise  liminibus  coherdti.  Qui  conjugia  incesta  con- 
traxerant  diducti ;  quod  si  qui  eorum  opibus  freti, 
subreptitiis  a  rege  vel  apostolico  papa  epistolis  niti 
ccepissent,  nihil  quod  suis  artibus  conducerent  in  Dun- 
stwii  pectore  invenientes,  vigorem  apostx>licum  inflexi- 
bilem  in  eo  mird,bantur.  Haec  erat  columnae  immobilis 
constantia,  hoc  robur,  hie  status,  quibus  factum  est  ut 
omnes  peccata  committere  timerent,  dum  ilia  impunita 
non  fore  scirent. 


Dunstan's 

Bcverity 

against 

unlawful 

maiTiages. 


10.  Jam  vero  quam   liberalis   ilia  qute  \Tilgo  dicitur  His  Uberai- 
eleemosyna  in  pauperes  fuerit,  alio  scripto  non  constat. 
Verumtamen  hujus  fides  non  vacillat.     Quod  si  gratimi 
Deo    est   perituras   hominum   cames   cibo   ne  deficiant 
sustentare,    quam    eo   gratius    monasteria    in   setemum 
victura    a   fundamentis  erigere.     Hsec  sunt  illius  opera 
in  Domino   stabilita.     Has   ejus  eleemosynas  enarrabit 
omnis  ecclesia  sanctorum.      Nam  si  Osbemo  credimus  *  The  monas- 
quinque    monasteria   de   suo   patrimonio  fecit ;  Glasto-  founded, 
niense     vero     monachis,     prsediis,   aBdificiis    ampliavit. 
Antiquum  id  quidem,  ut   dixi,  et  multum  ejus   antici- 
pans  tempora,   sed    quod,   ut  prioribus  veterem  funda- 
tionem,     ita    Dunstano    novam     sublimitatem    debeat. 
1  Certe  quod  procul  ambiguo  et  exacta  fide  dico,*  coeno- 
(bium    Malmesberiense,    clericis     ejectis     quos     Edwius  §*«  B>ft«  to 
!  intruserat  'illuc,  ad   priiStiniun  statum,  id  est  ad  mona-  ^^^* 
I  chorum  habitationem  reparavit.     Multa  ibi  largitus  in- 
signia, quorum  qusedam  ad  hunc  diem  oblivionis  seniimi 
potuerunt     eluctari.      Mirse    magnitudinis    signa,    non 
quidem,  ut    nostra  fert  setas,  dulci  sed    incondito  sono 
strepentia,  organa   quae  concentu   suo   in  festivitatibus 


'  Above,  p,  89. 

'  Much  of  what  follows    about 
Malmesburj  is   also  in  the  Gesta 


PoDtificum,  pp.  407,  sq.,  aud  in  the 
book  de  Antiquitate  Eccl.  Glaston., 
Gale,  pp.  324,  325. 


302 


VITA  SANCTI   DUNSTANI 


Dunstan^s 
gifts  to 
Malmes- 
buiy. 


He  trans- 
lates the 
bones  of 
S.  Aldhehn. 


His  fore- 
sight in 
doing  BO. 


He  appoints 
Slf ric  abbot, 
and  after- 
wards 
bishop  of 
Crediton. 


Isetitiam    populo    exdtarent,  in    quorum    circuitu    hoc 
distichon  littens  seneis  Affixit, 

"  Organa  do  sancto  prtesul  Dunstanus  Adhelmo ; 
"  Perdat  hie  fietemum  qui  vult  hinc  tollere  regnum." 

De  fulvo  aere  vas  aquatile  fiisiK  opere,  in  quo  scriptum 
erat  cemere, 

"  Idriolam  hanc  fundi  Dunstan  mandaverat  archi- 
"  Prsesul  ut  in  templo  sancto  serviret  Aldhehno." 

Erant  tunc  ejusdem  Sancti  Aldhehni  ossa  composita 
in  scrinio^  pretiosi  metaUi  mole  operosa.  Hsec  ille 
scrinio  exempta  reposuit  tumulo,  dictante  Spiritu,  non 
ignarus  quatenus  post  dies  suos  Danorum  turbo  pro- 
vinciam  esset  inquietaturus ;  maturum  commentus  con- 
silium ne  quis  barbarus  auri  specie  captus  scrinium 
occuparet,  ossa  quoque  pariter  exportata  et  sanctissimos 
cineres  coelo  aHcubi  exponeret.  Et  certe  paidominus 
contigit  quod  spectabUis  viri  providentia  cavit,  quamvis 
ultioni  suse  Aldhelmus  non  defuerit;  dum  enim  Dani 
post  multos  annos  per  monasterium  grassarentur,  unus 
eorum  cui  mens  praeruptior,  extracto  culteUo,  aurum 
excrustare  conatus,  sine  meute  in  terram  ruit  retroac- 
tus  et  illisufl.  Sed  heec  postmodum ;  tum  vero  Dunsta- 
nus ibidem  ElMcum,  cui  multum  religionis,  plurimum 
litterarum  inesse  cognoverat,  abbatem  constituit ;  nee 
multo  post  in  episcopatum  Cridensem,  qui  nimc  Exo- 
niensis,  promovit;i  virum  singularis  utrobique  industriro, 
hie  in  construendis  sediiaciis,  ibi  in  refrsenandis  clericis. 
TaJia  archiepiscopus  eleemosynse  opera  per  totam  sere- 
bat  Angliam,  commilitonibus  suis  fortissimis  et  magna- 
nimis  viris  singulas  provincias  delegans,  et  rempublieam 
Dei  multorum  collato  umbone  et  communicato  labore 
velut  strenuissimus  imperatorum  administrans. 


Bunstan'i        11.  Doctnnam  multam,  sicut  ante  dictum  est^  per  Dei 
^""'''^      gratiam  hauserat,  quia  in  ejus  animo  cum  strenuitate 


1  Elirio  sttcoeeded  Sidanan  as  bishop  of  Crediton  in  977. 


AUCTORE  WILLELMO   MALMESBERIENSI.  303 

studii  prsecedebat  vivacitas  ingenii.    Doctrinae  porro  res  Hia  power 
duse  adminiculabantur,   eloquentia   elimata   sed    illabo-  ine;- 
rata^  dictorumque  executio  prompta  et  impigra.     Neque 
enim  tantam  procerum  cervicositatem  suo  imquam  sub- 
didisset  eloqiiio,  si  ei   defuisset  bona  operatic ;  quorum' 
alterum  in  prsedicatore  pendet  ex  altero,  quia  neutrum 
valet,  vel   si  bona  dicta  male  vivendo  destruxeris,  vel 
bonum  exemplum   sermone  non  firmaveris.     Utrumque 
autem   in   Dunstano   vigebat,    qui    esset    et    facundus 
verbo   et   foecundus  exemplo.     Sed   quod    dico   proprio  Examples 
nititur   argumento,   si   quam    efficax   ejus   in    auditori-  pupUs. 
bus   fuerit    doctrina   paucorum    discipulorum    exemplo 
monstravero. 

12.  Athelwoldus,  ut  supra  dixi,  ex  monacho  Glasto-  Btheiwoid 
niensi  abbas  Abbendoniensis,  idemque  post  episcopus  Win-  WmcEeeter 
toniensis,  tot  et  tanta  monasteria  fecit  quod  vix  modo  three  mon- 
videatur  credibile,  ut  talia  fecerit  unius  urbis  episcopiis 
qualia  vix  posset  rex   Angliee   totius.     Mentior   si   non 
palam   sit   quod   loquor^  qualia  s\mt   coenobia   de  Heli, 
Burhc,  Thomi ;  quae  ille  a  fundamentis  suscitavit  et  sua 
industria  perfecit.     QuaB  cum  semper  exactorum  vellitaB 
nequitia,  sunt  nihilominus  habitatoribus  suis  suffidentia. 

Taceo  quod  monasteria  quae  sunt  apud  Wintoniam  mo- 
nachis  vel  monachabus  replevit ;  quod  clericos  de  epi- 
soopatu  projecerit,  qui  cum,  data  optione  ut  aut  regula- 
riter  viverent  aut  loco  cederent,  magis  delicatam  vitam 
elegissent,  pulsi  nee  unquam  redire  permissi  sunt. 

13.  Oswaldus  Odonis  archiepiscopi  nepos  per  Dunsta-  Oswald 
num  Wigomiensis  episcopus  et  Eboracensis  archiepisco-  Wo^rter 
pus,  titxdos  non  inferiores  Athelwoldo  promeruit.     Nam 
easdem  terens  orbitas,  monachorum  regulam  jure  suo  am- 
pliavit,  monasteria  plura,  inter  quae  praecipuum  Bamsi- 

ense,  construens.     Sedem  episcopalem  Wigomiae  clericis  placed , 

•  1  .  -I  .       •  .        •  , .  monks  in 

non  VI  expulsis,  sed  sancto  mgemo  circumventis,  regu- wscathe- 
laribus   implevit   monachis ;   siquidem    ecclesiam    beati 


304 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


He^worships  Petri,  cui  sedos  ilia  serviebat  antiquitus,  artifici  negli- 
?Sia^^^'  gentia  destituens  pnesentia  sua,  in  ecclesia  beatsa  Dei 
Genitricis,  quam  in  cimiterio  construxerat,  cum  inona- 
chis  suis  pontificale  officium  agebat.  Ita  popuUa  ad 
episcopum  et  monachos  confluentibus,  clerici  destituti 
aut  effiigere  aut  monachatui  coUum  subdere. 

Sanctissimae  memoriae  Wlsius,^  ex  abbate  Westmo- 
nasierii  Dunstano  agente  Sirebumensis  episcopus,  mo- 
nachos ibidem  posuit,  posteris  factum  vel  gaudendo 
semulantibus  vel  invidendo  patientibus.  Ita  per  bea- 
tum  archiepiscopum  multiformi  sanctorum  lampade  An- 
gliam  serenante,  crassae  tenebrae  vitiorum  evanuere.  Sic 
vigebat  religio,  sic  florebat  justitia,  sic  omnia  bona,  ut 
crederes  de  coelo  renidere  sidera. 


Wulfsige 
introduoes 
monks  at 
Sherborne. 


GoodeflDBct  14.  Postremo  in  Edgari  regis  pectore,  quantam  Dun- 
Stan's  ooun-  staui  doctrina  frugem  tulerit,  grave  cogitatu,  nedum  non 
Edgar.  facilc  dictu.  Nam  praeter  severitatem  in  improbos  quam 
superius  explanavi,  bonis  didcis,  religiosis  acclivis,  mo- 
nachis  affabilis  erat.  Nee  idlus  fere  annus  ejus  in 
chronicis  praeteritus  est,  quo  non  magnum  aliquod  et 
patriae  necessarium  fecerit,  quo  non  monasterium  no- 
vum fandaverit.  Nemo  ejus  tempore  privatum  latro, 
nemo  popularis  praedo,  nisi  qui  mallet  in  fortuna^  gras- 
sari  alienas  propriae  vitae  dispendio.  Per  haec  Dei 
favore  tuto  quantum  pacis  arriserat,  quantum  favoris 
suorum,  quantum  timoris  hostium  accesserit,  libenter 
dicerem,  si  non  a  proposito  vagabundus  indulgere  vi- 
derer  eloquio.     Caeterum  cui  curae  sit  de  talibus  legere, 


^  Tlie  ancient  lut  of  the  bishops 
of  Sherborne  in  the  Sherborne  Pon- 
tifical (MS.  Paris,' 943)  waB  drawn 
up  in  the  time  of  Ethelric,  who  pre- 
sided there  from  1001  to  1009.  It 
contains  two  persons  named  Wolf- 
sige  who  were  contemporaiy  with 
Dnnstan,  one  of  whom,  however, 


disappears  from  the  charters  in  958, 
before  Dnnstan  was  archbishop,  and 
the  other  appears  as  bishop  only  in 
992,  four  years  after  Dunstan's 
death.  The  letter  to  Wulfsige  as- 
cribed to  Dunstan,  which  will  be 
given  below,  must  be  referred  to 
another  archbishop. 


306  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

At  Bath  he   tnim  caritato :   lam   dbo   curatus  inter   eos   pro    more  B.  p.  46. 

tho^d^t^of  assedit,  et  ecce  ammo   ooeimn   transvectus,  videt  cujus- ^^J]^  ' 

Giaston-  ^[^jq  Glastoiiiensis  scholaBtid  animaTn  supemis  sacrariis  ^Badmer^ 
magno  angelorum  plausu  importari.  LsBtatus  de  felidd^' 
pueri  gloria,  gaudium  considentibus  partidpavit.  Pos- 
tero  die  prsepositus  Glastoniensis  eo  venit,  antdstitem 
de  quibusdam  necessariis  coiusialturus,  cmn  statim  post 
impartitam  benedictionem  interrogavit  redone  an  secus 
circa  fratres  constaret.  Hie,  cujus  menti  mors  innocen- 
tis  exdderat,  recte  omnia  Dei  gratia  et  ejus  orationi* 
bus  agi  respondit.  Non  se  putare,  retulit  Dunstanus, 
eoB  sine  proximo  funere  fuisse ;  tunc  demum  pnepodtus, 
memorise  redditus,  omnia  dixit  bene  procedere,  prseter 
quod  quidam  puer  pomeridianis  horis  excesdt  pridie. 
"  Hoc  est,"  ait  pontifex,  "  quod  dixi ;  anima  ergo  ejus 
''  requiescat  in  pace.     Amen." 

b*  ^hf^'       ^*^'  ^^  cumcoenobia  csetera^  tum  firequentius  vidtabat  B.  p.  47. 

J|«Jj™»^«»  Qlastoniam,    felidtatis    et    religionis    sua^    nutriculam. 

Biftage.  jbi  j^on  ut  in  peregrine  diversorio,  sed  ut  in  domes- 
tico  contubemio,  seposita  episcopaJis  comitatus  pompa 
commanebat.  Exierat  quadam  yice  in  atrium  ecdesise 
spatiatum  imo  tantum  fratre  obambulante.  El&ius 
ei  nomen.  Yenerat  ad  ocddentalem  veteris  ecdesiae  par- 
tem, cum  vox  coelestis  sethere  pulso  sonuit,  ^'  Yeni,  veni, 
*'  ElM  veni ;"  continuoque  Dunstanus  concepto  vatidnio, 

SmTfuS    respiciens  comitem,  "  Frsepara  ergo/'  inquit  "  te,  frater, 

dSaSS*^^*^  "  ®^  viaticum  compara  quo  possis  ingredi  tantum  iter. 
*'  Instat  enim  vocationis  tuae  dies."  Faruit  patri  mona- 
dius,  post  paucos  dies  prophesise  veritatem  expertus. 
Quid  hoc  divinius,  quid  hoc  mirabilius  homine  1  cura- 
verunt  alii  paucorum  valetudines  corporum,  hie  depulit 
innumerabimim  morbos  animarum;  fuerunt  alii  pru- 
dentes  in  sseculo,  iUe  et  hoc  non  omittebat,  et  totus 
inhserebat  Deo ;  fecerunt  alii  duo  vel  ut  multum  tria 
monasteria^  hie  a  fundamentis  multa  extruxit  nova^  et 
quae  jam  ruinam  minitabantur  reparavit  Vetera. 

wSRai^ed      ^^'  Interea  Edgarus  renundavit  vitas,  vir  omni  aevo 
atoiaitoii-  praedicandus.    Namque  non  iniirma  inter  Anglos  fama 


AUCTOBE  WILLELMO  MALMESBERIEKSI. 


307 


Osbeio, 
p.  114. 
Badmer, 
p.  214. 


Osbeni) 
p.  118. 
Badmer, 
p.  S13. 


est,  nullum  nee  ejus  superioris  sdtatis  regem  in  Anglia 
aequilibri  judicio  comparandum  Edgaro.  Ita  nihil  vita 
ejus  sanctius,  nihil  justitia  probabilius  Aiit,  qui  patriam 
suam  prsddara  fortiiudine  iUustravit,  et  rerum  gestanim 
claritate  et  Deo  servientium  multiplicitate,  in  paucorum 
annorum  angustia  rem  sseculorum  indudens.  Sepultus 
est  Glastonise.  Corpus  tunc  quidem  terra  opertum, 
sed  post  scrinio  in  argenteo  et  inaurato  locatum  pro 
merito  personsB  honoratur.  Succesdit  ei  Ed wardus  filius,  Edward  sue- 
annitente   Dunstano    quamvis   obnitentibus   proceribus  Dunstan's 

.  .  ^  .     ,  ,  advice,  not- 

et  maxime  noverca^  quse  vixdum  septem  annorum  withstend- 
puerulum  Eirelredum  filium  provehere  oonabatur,  ut  queen's 
ipsa  potius  sub  nomme  ejus  impentaret.  Elxtunc  ma- 
litia  hominum  pullulante  felicitas  regni  immutata,  jam 
enim  Edgarus  in  supemum  regnum  obierat,  cUjus  tem- 
pore futuram  paoem  coelestis  vox  Dunstano  nunda- 
verat.  Tunc  ergo  visus  eometes  qui  vel  pestem  homi- 
num vel  mutationem  regni  portendere  pro  vero  asseve- 
ratur.  Nee  mora,  secuta  ^rilitas  anni,  fames  hominum, 
mors  jumentorum.  Apud  vicum  regium  qu8B  vocatur 
Calna  casus  insolitus,  quem  equidem  scriptores  vitas 
Dunstani  prseterisse  miror,  cum  in  chronicis^  ad  ejus 
prsecipuam.  gloriam  annotatus  sit. 

19.  Nam  Edgaro  rebus  exempto,  derici  quondam  abThecieri» 

1..  t  •         !••  1*  •,  I    •  attempt  to 

ecdesus  expulsi  rediviva  prselia  suscitarunt,  mgens  esse  recover  tiieir 

.■■■•i-ii  ,  J  .  1  churches 

et  miserabue  dedecus,  ut  novus  advena  veteres  colonos  with  the 
expelleret.     Hoc   nee   dico  gratum  videri   qui  veterem  noWes. 
eis  a  longinquis  sseculis   habitationem   concessisset,  nee 
alicui  probo  homini  qui  sibi  idem  timere   posset,  quod 
aliis  prsejudido  acddisse  cemeret.     Ea  de   re  in   da- 
mores  et  iras  surrectum   et   ad  Dunstanum  perrectum ; 
proceribus  praedpue,  ut  laicorum  mos  est,  sucdamantibus 
prsejudidum  quod  passi  fuerant  leniori   oonsilio  sucddi 
debere.     Itaque  firequenti  synodo  coacta,  prime  Winto- Oounciut 
niam   ventum.     Quis   ibi   fueiit  finis   certaminis   alise    "^^ 
decent  litterse.     Cum  enim  omnes  adversariorum  objec- 


^  ADglo-Sazon  Chronicle,  A.D.  978. 


V  2 


308 


VITA   SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


A  cmciflx 
fifpeaks. 


Council  at 
Oalne. 


FaUoftiie 
floor. 

Bunstan's 
escape. 


tiones  rationalibus  responsis  confiitasset  archiepiscopus, 
illi  contentione  irrita,  versi  ad  preces,  favore  optima- 
turn  fulciebantur.  Is  responsum  non  retulit,  ne  vel  in 
tempore  optimatibus  adversari,  vel  nefandis  precibus 
assentire  videretur.  Quapropter  Dominicse  crucis 
imago  quae  adhuc  Wintonise  habetur  antistitem  dubie- 
tatis  absolvit  periculo,  repetens  tertio  "  Absit  hoc  utOflbeni,pp. 
"  fiat."  Sed  adhuc  non  sedatis  animis  Cahise  consilium  ^^jj^*' 
edictum,  ubi  cum  in  coenaculo,  absente  propter  aetatem  p.  213. 
rege,  insidentibus  totius  Anglise  senatoribus,  magno 
colflictu  res  ageretur,  et  v^simum  iUum  eccW 
murum,  Dunstanum  dico,  multorum  jacula  impeterent 
convitionun,  nee  quaterent  suas  partes,  cujusque  ordinis 
viris  summo  studio  tuentibus,  solarium  totum  repente 
cum  axibus  et  trabibus  dissiluit  et  concidit.  Omnibus 
ad  terram  elisis,  solus  Dimstanus  stans  super  imam 
trabem  quae  superstes  erat  probe  evasit.  Reliqui  vel 
exanimati  vel  perpetui  langoris  compede  detenti.  Hoc 
miraculum  archiepiscopo  exhibuit  pacem  de  dericis, 
omnibus  Anglis  tunc  et  deinceps  in  ejus  sententiam 
concedentibus. 


Edward.  20.  Intcrea  Elfthrida  mater   Egekedi   novercali   odio 

tired  with         .  11  •  ••j*  •■  x 

huntiiu^.  vipereum  dolum  rummans  msidias  privigno  struere,  quas 
stepmother,  hoc  modo  consummavit.  Lassus  yenatione  revertebatur 
propter  laborem  siti  anhelus;  comites  quo  quemque 
casus  tulerat  canes  consequebantur ;  auditoque  quod 
illi  in  contigua  villa  habitarent,  equo  concito  iUue 
contendit  juvenculus  solus,  nihil  propter  innocentiam 
metuens,  aliorum  quippe  animos  ex  suo  ponderans. 
Tunc  ilia  muliebri  blanditia  advenientem  alliciens  sibi 
fecit  intendere,  et  post  libata  oscula,  porrectum  sibi 
Heissioiii,  avidc  poculum  haurientem,  per  satellitem,  sica  trans- 
fodit,  quo  vulnere  saucius  cum  quantis  potuit  animae 
reliquiis  sonipedem  calcaribus  movisset  ad  suos  reverti, 
uno  pede  lapsus   alteroque   per  devia   tractus,  imdante 


^  See  W.  Malmesb.  Gesta  Regam,  §  162,  p.  258,  where  the  story  is 
tod  in  very  similar  language. 


AUCTOBE  WILLELMO  MALMESBEBIENSI.  309 

cruore,  indicia   inieritus  sui  se  qxiserentibus   dedit.     Et 
tunc  qnidem  sine  honore   apud  Werham   sepeliri  jusse-  ^Jw^^'j^ 
runt,  invidentes  scilicet  mortuo  cespitem  ecclesiasticum 
cui  vivo  mvidenmt  decus  regium.     Sed   affiiit   divinse 
serenitatis  assensus  qui  innocentem  csesum  miraculorum 
sublimaret    gloria.       Quapropter    Elferius    dux,    sacro  EWhere 
corpore  de  ignobili  loco  levato,  justas  et  egregias  infe-  body  to 
rias  apud  Sceptoniam  solvit.    Creditumque  et  celebriter 
vulgatum  quod   propter  Elfbhridse   in  Edwardum  inso- 
lentiam    multo    post    tempore    tota    patria  servitutem 
infremuisse    barbaricam,  quam    fidem    minse   Dunstani 
firmarunt,   sicut  paulo   post  narrabitur.      Nam  et  regis  Judgments 
sanctitas   antistitis   proxime   attingebat   gloriam,   quod  »untfyfor 
ejus  suffiragio  imperium  conscendisset,  quod  ejus  moni- 
tis    patemsB    religioms    vestigia    trivisset,    quod    ejus 
meritis  commercium  regni  coelestis  pro  terreno  fecisset. 
Ofibem,  21.  Tunc  obsedit  regnum  Egelredus  frater  ejus  de  patre,  Etheired 

p«  115.  ^    *  -x  ......  •■•      becomes 

l^jj^n^g,      cujus  vitsB  cursus,  S8BVUS  in  pnncipio,  miser   m  medio,  king. 

p.  215.       turpis    in  exitu  asseritur.     Ita  parricidio  cui  conniven- 
tiam  adhibuerat  immanis,  ita  fuga  et  mollitie  infamis, 
ita  morte  miserabilis   fuit.     Ignaviam   ejus  -prsedixerat 
Dunstanus  foedo  exemplo  admonitus.     Nam  cum  pusio- 
lus  in  fontem  baptism!  mergeretur,  circumstantibus  epi- 
scopis,  alvi  profluvio  sacramenta  interpolavit.      Qua  re 
iUe   turbatus,    "  Per  Deum,"    inquit,  "  et  matrem   Ejus,  Dunstan's 
"  ignavus  homo  erit."     Matris  ergo  suf&agio  proceribus  ^^. 
congregatis,  dies    dicta,   ut   Dunstanus   adveniret.     IUe  coronation. 
licet   infensus    esset   supersedit   resistere,  pontifex   sevi 
maturioris   et  in  ssecularibus  emeritus;  jam    vero   dia- 
dema  componens  non  se  continuit  quin  spiritum   pro- 
pheticum  totis  medullis  haustum  ore  pleno   efi^nderet. 
Verba  ipsa  quae  alias  legi  dicturus  sum,  quamvis,  ut  in 
prologo   hujus    libri   dixi,  eis    consensum   non   obligem 
meum,  qui  verba  nusquam    audita  vel   lecta  apponunt 
quia  dici  potuerunt.     "  Quia,"  inquit,  "  per  mortem  fra-  Dunstan's 
"  tris  tui  aspirasti   ad   regnum,  propterea  audi  verbum  concerning 
"  Domini ;   haec    dixit    Dominus  Deus,  '  Non   delebitur 
"  *  peccatum  ignominiosse  matris  tu8e  et  peccatum  viro- 


310 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


''  '  rum   qui   interfuerunt   consilio   illius   nequam,  sine  Osbern, 
"  ' multo  saooguine  miserorum  provinciaUum.'    Etveni-^-^. 
'*  ent  super  gentem  Anglorum  mala  qualia   non  passap.2i5. 
"  ex  quo  Angliam  venit  usque  in  tempus  illuA"     Nee 
multo  post  simile  vaticiniimi  efbdit  ejus  pervicacia  hoc 
modo  irritatus. 


Dunstan 
bribes  him. 


Dunstui's 
contempt 
for  him. 


Etheired's        22.  Surroxerat  inter  regem  et  episeopum  Rofensem  si-  Osbern, 
Kochester.    multas,  incertum  qua  de  causa.  ^   Quoicirca  cotitra  civita-  P*  ^^^• 
tern  exerdtum  duxit.     Mandatum  ei  ab  archiepiscopo  ut 
furori  desisteret,  nee  Sanctum  Andream,  in  cujus  tutela 
episcopatus  est,  irritaret,  sicut  ad  indulgendum  fSEtcUem, 
ita  ad  uldscendum  terribilem.     Verborum  nuditate  con- 
tempta   adomat   prsBceptum  pecunia,  et  mittit  centum 
libras,    ut   obsidionem    solveret,    pretio    emptus    abiret. 
Quo   ille   accepto,  receptui  cecinit,  prodnctum  militum 
feriari  permisit :  miratus  Dunstanus  hominis  cupiditatem 
hsec  per  nimcios  retulit;  ''Quoniam  prsetuUsti  argentum 
"  Deo,   pecuniam  apostolo,   cupiditatem  mihi,   velociter 
"  venient  super  te  mala  quae  locutus  est  Dominus,  sed 
"  hoc  me  Vivente   non  fient,  quia   et  hoc   locutus    est 
"  Dominus." 
chamcter         23.  At  non  ita  melior  Ed^ri  soboles   Edmtha;  non 
thedaughter  ita  Duustani  auimum  offendebat,  sed  ejus  potius  gratiam 
^^'     sedulo  demerebatur.     Unde  quiddam  quod  in  ejus  vita* 
legi,  apponere  non  fastidiam :    quod   quia  alienum  non 
est  a  Dunstano,  non  interim  a  materia  vagabitur  oratio. 
Ea  abbatissa  Wiltonise,  videratque  illam  Dunstanus  in 
consecratione    ecdesise    Sancti   Dionysii,    quam   ilia   in 
amorem   martyris   sedificaverat,  poUicem   dexterum  fre- 
quenter protendere,  et   signum    cruds   fronti  e  regione 
pingere.     Delectatusque  admodum,  "Nunquam,"  inquit, 
DuiwtLn      "  putrescat   hie   digitus/'    continuoque    intra   Missarum 
death. "  ^'  agenda  prorupit   in   lacrymas  adeo  profluas,  ut  singul- 


1  See  the  Life  of  S.  Edith  by  Got- 
Belinus  in  MabiUon,  AA.  SS.  ssc. 
y.  pp.  624,  625.     The  story  is  told 


by  our  author  in  much  the  same 
words  in  the  Gesta  Pontiff,  ed. 
Hamilton,  §  87. 


AUCTOBE  WILLELMO  MALMESBEBIENSI.  311 

tiente  voce  ut  discipuliim  propter  astantem  concuteret. 
Beique  catisam  quaesitus,  "  Gito/'  ait,  *'  hsec  florida  rosa 
*'  marcescet^  dto  avis  dilecta  Deo  avolabit^  post,  sex  ab 
''  hoc  die  s^timanaa"  Consecuta  est  igitur  rerum 
Veritas  pontificale  vatidnium.  Namque  iUa,  nobilis  pro- 
positi tenax,  prsedicta  die  citra  juveutaa  terminuiu 
efflaVit,  com  esset  annorum  viginti  triumt  Nee  multo 
post  idem  beatus  vidit  somni  visione  Sanctum  Diony- Jinonpf 
simn  virginem  anucabmter  manu  tenentem,  et  ex  ora- 
culo  divino  constanter  jubentem  ut  a  famulis  honorific 
caretur  in  terns,  sicut  a  sponso  et  Domino  venerabatur 
in  coelis.  Ita  crebrescentibus  ad  tumbam  miraculis, 
edictum,  ut  corpiis  virgineum  levaretur  et  altius  eiSer- 
retur.  Inventiunque  totum  in  cineres  solutum,  prseter  "Wondenat 
digitum  et  alviun  et  alvo  subjecta.  Unde  disputantibus  ^^^^, 
nonnullis,  uni  qui  viderant  dormienti  ipsa  virgo  aatitit 
dicens,  "Nimirum^  si  partes  illse  corporis  putruerint, 
"  quod  usus  habeat  exanimata  corpora  in  quosdam  area- 
"  nos  recessus  defluere,  et  ipsa^  utpote  puella,  membris  i11i« 
"  peccaverat;  cseterum  juste  ventrem  nulla  putredine 
''  corrumpi,  qui  nulla  sit  unquam  aculeatus  libidine ; 
*'  immunem  se  fiiisse  crapulse  et  camalis  copulsB." 

« 

Osbern,  22.  Similem  prophesiam  in  prsenunciando  Adthelwoldi  Prediction;' 

g^^^      Wintoniensis  episcopi  excessu  Dunstanus  exhibuit.     Is  woWs 
p.  215. '     veniens  Cantiam  benigne   et  liberali  aliquamdiu  confo- 
tus  est  hospitio.     Suspiciebat  enim  in  eo  archiepiscopus 
verse  virtutis  specimen   et   non  fictae  religionis  simula- 
crum, quod   ab   eo  in   se   rapuerat  et  semido  exemplo 
prsetendebat.     Post  dies  abeuntem,  cum  Bofensi  episcopo  He  had  been 
qui  eo  forte  venerat,  dignanter  prosequebatur.     Et  jam  terborvwith 
aliquantum    confecerant^    et    vesper    ocdduus    tenebris  of  Rocbeo- 
minabatur,  quoniam  in  movendo  moras  nexuerant.     Tum 
Bofensis    antistes    sanctum    submissis    precibus    ambit 
archiepiscopum,  ut  non  refutaret  diversorium  quod  sui 

^ . .       _■__■    _■■ 

^  iVi'mifKiii]  non  mirum,  G.  P.  §  87. 


312  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

Dunstan  juris  erat,  vise  proximum.  Qui  cum  in  Athelwoldum  Osbem^ 
dSfth  ot  ^  suae  voluntatis  refudisset  arbitrium,  Adthelwoldo  exo-  jjato^^ 
rato,  Rofensis  utrorumque  obtinuit  assensum.  Fugatap.  216. 
nocte,  mane  inclaruerat  et  iUi  viam  adoriebantur.  Cum- 
que  coUem  ascenderent  qui  pluiimus  villse  imminet, 
postulant  a  summo  pontifice  benedictionem  episcopi  mox 
digressuri.  lUe  porrecta  dextra  et  benedictionis  ^erba 
concipiens  suspiriimi  dedit;  liquitur  doloris  imber  ex 
oculis,  suceutitur  singultu  pectus,  vestes  lacrjnnis  infun- 
duntur ;  pavifacti  ambo,  tam  subiti  et  tam  eflPiisi  fletus 
portento,  inter  se  diu  multumque  mussitare ;  demum 
lacrjnnarum  occasionem  placide  percimctati,  audierunt 
doloris  sui  esse  causam  illorum  proximam.  Contra  illi 
orare  ut  asperum  amoveret  vaticinium,  futurum  Deo 
auctore  saepe  hujusmodi  conventum,  si  quid  pnesagii 
vidisset  alio  intellectu  divinandum.  Nee  minus  Dun- 
stanus  sententiam  astruere,  sed  spe  blandienti  lenire; 
morituros  eos  sseculo,  sed  victuros  cum  Deo ;  praesenti- 
bus  carituros,  sed  gaudiis  perpetuis  fruituros.  Ita  imus- 
quisque  diversis  affectibus  viam  suam  abiit;  ille  vati- 
cinii  sui  conscius,  hii  curiosi  de  hora  imminentis  trans- 
Death  of  the  itus.     Et   Bofensi  quidem    ingresso    moenia   suae    urbis 

two  bishops.     ,    ,.  •,         ..  .,  A  xi_    i       -I  1  • 

statim  occumt  exitus  vitse.  Athelwoldus  porro  pnus- 
quam  iter  a  Cantia  emensus  esset,  decubuit  incommodo 
quod  eum  intulit  coelo.  Cujus  excessus  magnas  turbas 
conscivit  in  Wintonia ;  clericis  olim  amisso  loco  inhian- 
tibus,  monachis  regis  Edgari  privilegia  obtendentibus. 
Contest  at    Ita  diun  quisque   sui    ordinis    cupit  habere  episcopum, 

Winchester.  ,        j*  ••  •  ■.  i,  ••t\ 

partes  fecere,  crevissetque  immams  tumultus,  nisi  Dun- 
stanus    arbitrium   litis    refudisset   in   Deum,   orans    ut 
litigantibus  bonse  voluntatis  suae-objiceret  scutum.     Sta- Adelard, 
tim  consecutus  precum  efFectum,  vidit  Andream  aposto-  ^^^^  ^^' 

Dnnstanis    lum  Dei  manifeste  dicentem  sibi  orationem  suam  coelump.  11 6. 

cons^to    penetrasse,  providisse  Deum  desolatae  pastorem  ecclesiae,  p,  216!"^' 
*^'        proinde   securus   abbati  Bathoniensi  Elphego  episcopa- 
tum  imponeret,  cujus  ad  utramque  religionem  temperata 
tantam  seditionem  sedaret  modestia.     Nee  potuit  bea- 


AUCTORE  WILLELMO   MALMESBERIENSI.  313 

tus  vates,  quern  nulluin  unquam  fefellerat  praesagium,  Etheired 
4©  visione  dubitare,  quippe  qui  fadem  apostoli  probe 
norat  et  ssepe  benivolentiam  comperisset.  Itaque  per 
nuncios  regem  Egebredum  rei  certum  facit^  voluntatem 
simul  allegans  suam.  lUe  quanquam  insulsus  in  csete- 
ris,  in  hoc  tamen  resipuit,  ne  voluntati  Dei  contra- 
stare  prsesumeret.  Ita  Elphegus  episcopatui  datus,  Ojreer  of 
quinque  annis  Dunstano  vivente,  decern  et  octo  post 
ejus  excessum  Wintonise  praefuit.  Turn  archiepiscopatu 
septem  annis  potitus,  postremo  martyrium  iniit. 

25.  Illud  erat  in  Dunstano  mirabile  quod  etiam  verba  Even  the 
quae  .casu  non  studio   effunderet   effectu   non   carerent,  of  Dungtan 
nihil  unquam  pene  dixent,  quod  mam  pondere  m  leves 
auras    efflueret,  ut  illud.    Opulentus  quidam  Alwoldus 
nomine  piilsatus  valetudine  agensque  poenitentem,  mo- 
nachi  pannos  apud  Glastoniam  petierat  et  impetraverat. 
Accessio  temporis,  vel  potius   sanctorum  virorum   con-  aiwow, 
versatio,  inconfmodimi   depulit,  visusque   est   aliquanto  oomea 
tempore   intetrerrimae    sospitatis    compos.      Qua    elatus  tired  and 

•X  •         -x  1  -x  1  X  demandshis 

iterum  spiravit  saeculum,  concepitque  regulae  et  monas-  Foprty 
terii  nauseam.  Obstinata  intensio  perversam  cogita- 
tionem  aluit,  donee  rejecto  habitu  in  mundum  prosili- 
vit.  Ante,  ciun  morbus  insedisset  pnecordiis,  parvi 
faciens  divitias  contulerat  monasterio  quasdam  posses- 
siunculas.  Tunc  vero  abbatis  et  monachorum  aures 
tum  per  se  tum  per  amicos  fatigabat  de  restitutione. 
Cum  nihil  promoveret,  regis  Egelredi  animum  oblatione 
nummorum  tentavit.  lUe,  sub  cujus  regimine  magnus 
erat  labor  justitiae,  sub  quo  nuUus  tutus  nisi  pecunio- 
sus,  missis  apparitoribus  Alwoldo  quicquid  interrogabat 
in  solidum  restituit.  Ita  rusticus  invadens  omnia, 
etiam  multa  praeter  haec  monasterio  inflixit  incommoda,  Dunstan 

.  ...  .  8aid,*'Le 

ut  est  agrestium  cum  incipiunt  saevire  protervia.  Mona-  foxes  eat 
chi,  ad  unicum  recurrentes  patronum,  archiepiscopo  de 
fiigitivo  monacho  querelam  deponunt;  multis  respon- 
dit  iQe  plangentibus,  sed  haec  ftdt  summa,  "a  Domini 
"  matre  ultionem  exigite ;  illmn  comedant  vulpes  :*' 
quod  ilium  non  crediderim  dixisse  maledicentis  animo. 


314  •  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

SthewSd.  ®^  ^®^  P^  ^^*®^  lapsum  vel  vaticimo  impidsuia.  Nee 
tamen  aecus  eveiiit;  nam  post  aliquantam  iempus 
prsevarieator  morbo  oorripitur,  excruoiatur^  defungitur,  . 

prims  tamen,  anima  in  egreasilm  fesiinante,  jujsserat  ut  | 

AfiAiwoid's  cadaver  suum  Qlastoniam  deferretur,  quatenns  loeum^ 
gjMgt  to  quern  superbe  contempserat  vivus,  suppliciter  occuparet 
^^itis  mortuus.  Effertur  ergo  corpus  exanime ;  aliquantum 
foxes.  vigB  processerant  qui  ferebant,  et  ecce  imdique  vulpes, 

incertum  quo  spiritu  agente,  ^  accurruntj;  acdamatur 
imdique  "  Vulpes,  Vulpes,"  et  exceptum  damorem 
^theris  convexa  multipUcant.  Strepit  vulgus  ignobile, 
ita  ut  vespUiones  etiam  deposito  cadavere  ad  bestiolas 
insequendas  incurrerent.  lUse  parumper  fugientes  mox 
compendiaria  via  sunt  reversi ;  antequam  recurri  posset, 
cadaver  invadunt,  corrodunt,  disjiciunt;  nee  scio  si 
aUquid  superfoit,  quod  posset  condi  humo,  tremendo 
Dei  judicio,  ut  parum  aut  nihil  de  Ulo  in  placiditatem 
sinus  sui  terra  susdperet,  qui  Dei  matris  benignitatem 
irritasset. 

Besoription      26.  Hactcuus  foreusia  eius  lectoris  notiti^.intuli :  nunc  B.  pp.  4o, 

ofDuMtto's  .     .      .  ..  .  .         1.     1  Ax  •  49. 

daily  Ufe.  mtcnorem  vitam  ejus  paucis  absolvam.  At  pnmum  oabem 
ille  vetus  vitae  scriptor  eum  observasse  potissimum  p-  no. 
commemorat,  ut  nihil  citra  doctrinam  suam  ageret, 
nihil  quod' a  subjectis  digne  reprehenderetur  aut  doceret 
aut  faceret.  Et  diebus  quidem  hoc  fere  modo  vivebat, 
si  alisd  curse  non  evocarent,  aut  hymnodise  jugi,  in- 
defessseque  orationi  insudaret,  aut  Utterarum  studio  et 
librorum    emendationi    totum    diem    insumeret.      Nee 

His  studies,  aliud  prseter  curam  corporis  actitaret ;  hoc  post  peracta 
solemnia,  statim  subeimte  aurora,  incipiens.  Sin  vero 
infirmis    n^otiis    hominum   servire   cogeretur,   rectum 

His  disci-  scmpcr  peusabat  judicium,  ut  nee  divitem  pro  persona 
susciperet,  nee  pauperem  pro  fortuna  despiceret;  prse- 
cipuum  studium  habens  l^tima  conjugia  conciliare, 
iUicita  diducere,  pronuncians  frigidam  esse  virtutem 
sobolis  adulterinse,  et  parum  valentem  ad  defensionem 
patrisB  quse  fiirtivo  eonciperetur  calore :  pacifiei  salu- 


AUCTOBE  WILLELMO  MALMESBERIENSI.  315 

britate  sermonis  jurgia  sedare,  et  tnrbnlentos  ammorum  His  chsHty. 
motus  in  serenam  quietem  revocare,  viduis  et  orphanis 
non  solnm  patrocinimn  exhibens^.Bed  etiam  digilanter 
s.Jamei.i.  eos  juxta  pTSBceptum  Jacob!  revisens.  Omnibus  post- 
remo  panperibus  ssepe  et  opportune  adesse,  hid  victnm, 
illis  vestimentum  largiri;  aliquibus  tectum,  nonnnllis 
nummnm,  cunctis  aimlium.    iEdifida  labantia  et  vetera  His  care  of 

.  • ,  •  1  •  1     the  monas- 

restttuens,  nova  nee  ignave  aggrediens,  nee  avare  ab-  teries. 
solvens,  provisioni  mona^teriorum  curam  saam  in  patria 
exponere,    nee    transmarina    maximeque    in    Mandria 
n^Ugere.     Prsedicationis   ex   ejus  ore   manabat   imber 
continuus;  bonis  lenis  et  proflnus,  malis  ut  fulmen  etHiseennons 
tonitrus.     Hoc  agere   ad  prsesentes  verbis,  ad  absentes  ""^ '^**'"- 
epistolis.     Jam   vero   in   ipsis    negotiorum   tumtdtibus 
constitutus,  reducta   ex   his  cogitatione,   saape  quidem 
oculum,  semper  autem  animnm  librabat  in  ccelum,  nee 
unquam   eum  tantarum  lerum    moles   inquietare  pote- 
rant,  quin  animo  tranquillo  vultuque  immoto  decederet. 
Quietem  mentis  faciei  commendabat  alacritas,  simulque 
quod  statim  imperturbato  vocis   sono   psahnodiam  in- His  gift  of 
cipiens  in  curam  transibat  animse.      Quanta  sane  ipsi 
compunctionis  inesset  gratia,  quae  possit  explicare  lin- 
B.  p.50.     gua.     Nunquam  dedicationes  ecclesiarum,  nunquam  or- 
dinationes  sacerdotum  sine  lacrymis  peregit.     Quicquid 
in    ecdesiis    majoribus    fiebat   solemniis,   suis   nobilita 
fletibus,  tanto  diluvio  beatam  irrorabant  animam,  ini- 
guum    superius,    et   irriguum    inferius.      Hsec   diebus; 
noctibus  porro  nunquam  ad  plenam  satietatem  indulsit  his  empioy- 
somno ;   nee   vero  pervigiliam  fabulis   vel   inerti   con-  ^ht." 
sumebat  otio,  sed  orationibus  assiduis,  •  genuflexionibus, 
crebtis  suspiriis  ex  imo  petitis.     Unde   £Eu;tum   est  ut 
defoecato  camis  et  mentis  intuitu,  utriusque  substantise 
oculis  hauiiret  divina  mysteria,  dum  adhuc  gravaretur 
mole  terrena,  multoties  audiens  agmina  supema  suave 
Kyrie  deyaon  cantantia. 

27.  Quadam  deinde  nocte  post  multas  vigilias  delinito 
in  soporem  corpore,  mente  in  coelum  evasit ;  ibi  festiyam 


/ .  / 


y  « 


316 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


mivu^nof  {requentiam  supemorum  dvimn,  ibi  concentum  insesti- B.  pp.  4i, 
MMTuwe.     mabilis   suavitatis    audivit.      Sedebat   mater   ejus,    iit^^^^^^ 
videbatur,     instar     sponsse    compta    crinem    stellantepp.  ii7, 
diademate ;   sedebat  inquam  sublimi  solio  nixa,  cuidam  f^^Q^p 
prsepotenti   regi   nuptura.     Erat  magna   constipantium  pp.  S05, 
caterva,  fervebat  vigor  Isetitise,  resultabant  atria  vocum  ^^' 
dulcedine;    solus  Dunstanus  diutumam  premebat  sUen- 
tium,    vel    melo    captus    vel    gaudio   attonitus.     Turn 
juvenis    de    proximo   stans,    cujus    prsestabilis    forma 
reverberabat  oculos,  arguit  tacentem,  cum   vel  propter 
matris  gloriam   debuisset  in   Christi  erumpere  laudem. 
Cumque  ille   retuUsset  se  nee  ignavum  nee  ingratum, 
sed  hujus  concentus  esse   ignarum,    "Vis"  inquit,  "  ut 
"  doceam  te ; "   simulque  cum   dicto  ita  modulatus  est, 
"  O  Bex  gentium   Dominator  omnium,  propter   sedem 
'*  majestatis  Tu83  da  nobis  indulgentiam.  Rex  Christe, 
"  peccatorum,    Alleluya:"    hiis    verbis    firequenter    ad 
subsidium  memorise   repetitis.      Pontifex  somno  amisso 
cunctis  prope   cubantibus   monacbis    et   dericis   statim 
verba  et  melum  insonuit,  quibus  in  disciplinam  propere 
surgentibus,  ipse  interim  largo  imbre  humectabat  faciem, 
subinde   repetens,  "Disdte,   filii,   quia  fidelis  et   bonus 
"  est  a  quo  ego  haec  didici." 


The  hymn 
he  learned. 


Hiayiflionat      28.  Hac  vigilaudi  consuetudine,  noctibus  ad  coenobium  B.  pp.  4S, 
tine'fc^'     beati    Augustini    extra    muros    Cantuarise   procedebat.  ogWn 
In   eo   coenobio   est   beat©    Dei    Genitricis   ecclesia,   a  pp.  lis, 
Sancto  Adriano  abbate  constructa.     lUuc  una  noctium,  ^^^ 
post   consummatos    in    majori    ecclesia    psalmos,    cum  p.  208. 
tenderet,    eminus    quoddam    coeleste    murmur    auribus 
captavit.     Ulterius  feUci  audacia  progressus,  videt  totam 
ecdesifim    crebris   micare   limiinibus.       Nee    cunctatus 
cuncta  rimari,  rimis  ostiatim  patentibus  oculo  apposito, 
conspicatur  in  solio    sedentem   ipsam   Dei    genitricem, 
quam    circumdabat    chorus    virginum,   et    vultibus    et 
vestium  cidtibus  insigne  Deitatis  praeferentium.      Has 
omnes  domina  imperatrix  blando  sono  ad  Christi  laudem 


AUCTORE  WILLELMO   MALMESBERIENSI. 


317 


pp.  118, 
119. 

Eadmer, 
p.  208. 


B.pp.48,  hortatur  his  versibiis,  ''Cantemus  Domino,  sociss,  can- Thd  choixB 
Osbem  "  temus  honorem,  Dulcis  amor  Christi  personet  ore  pio."  mnRing. 
Respondebantque  beatee  virgines  herse  praecinenti 
versus  sequentes  hoc  modo;  "Foemina  sola  fiiit  patuit 
"  qua  janua  lethi,  Per  quam  vita  redit,  foemina  sola 
''  fuit.''  Magna  sunt  haec  ad  ostentandam  hominibus 
beatse  Marise  dulcedinem,  quam  exhibuit  servulo,  qui 
eam  multo  mulcebat  obsequio ;  magna  viri  prseconia,  ut, 
lutea  nondimi  compage  solutus,  videret  oculis,  haiuiret 
auribus  quod  in  futura  vita  concredendum  alii  sancti 
magno  et  diutumo  suspirant  desiderio.  Senserint  alii 
quodlibet,  ego  unam  beatissimse  dominae  visionem  toti 
prseponerem  mundo,  et  omnia  miracula  quae  quisquam 
fecit  facturusve  sit  in  ejus  libra  minus  pondero. 

29.  Multa  sunt  ejusmodi  et  quae  numerum  excedunt,  No  words 
nee  erit    ulla    meta  referenti,   qui   consideret   quantum  happineM  of 
Anglia  bononim  virorum  copia  et  pads  sereno  florueritunSerbixo. 
per   gratiam   Dei  agente  Dunstano,  viro   cujus,  ut   ita 
dicam,  vita  tota  in  virtutes  transierat.      Fauca  tantum  : 

eademque  strictim  libavimus,  propenso  ad  utrumque 
consilio,  ut  lectoris  mederemur  fastidio.  Nunc  quia 
sufficienter  ostensum  et  pene  digito  notatum  quam 
pure  et  gratiose  hunc  incolatum  coluerit,  restat  paucis 
absolvere  quam  sancte  et  gloriose  migravit  ad  patriam. 
In  quibus  dicendis,  sicut  et  in  antedictis,  hanc  paciscor 
regulam,  ut  nihil  verborum  apponam  nisi  quod  veterum 
scriptorum  adomet  sententiam. 


30.  Annus  erat  Incamationis  Domini  nonsfentesimus  vision  of 
^^j^^'pp  octogesimus    octavus,    et  in   Ascensione   Domini,    quae  the  eve  of 
120,121.    tunc  ad  xvi.  kalendas  Junias  fuit,  Dunstano  in  coelum  i>ay.i«8. 


Adelard, 
pp.  64,  66. 


Eadmer, 
pp.  217, 
218. 


struebatur  ascensus.  Cujus  rei  gloriam  praesaga  mente 
vidit  Elfgarus,  tunc  beati  antistitis  curiaCs  presbyter, 
post  episcopatui  datus,  qui  tunc  apud  Helmam,  nunc 
apud  Norwic  sedem  tenet.  Is  igitur  ipsa  Dominicae  As- 
censionis  nocte  praeclarum  imaginatus  est  somnium,  esse 
se  in  Salvatoris  ecdesia^   sedere  Dunstanum  in  throno 


318  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 

vuiqp  of      pontificaJi  forma  quam  solebat  augustiorL    Turn  imdatiin  Ad«iard« 
per  omnes   fores   angelomm  catervas  imiere,    adeo  ut  osbern 
confertse    multitudinis    constipatione    videretur  ostLiun  pp-  i^o, 

121 

laxari    capacitas.       Compositis    autem    ordinibus    antesadmer, 
pontificexn>    stationis     offiduin    exhibenies    gratiBsizna  PP-  3^7> 
J^eybid     iUum  salutatione  impeitire;   "Salve,"  aiimt,  "Dunstane 
ready  on  the"  noster,   quia    jam   tempus   est    ut   oonsortio   fruaris 
Saturday.     "  nostro.    Esto  compositus  die  Sabbati  ut  nobiscum  hinc 
"  abeas,   et    sBtemad  laudes  ante  summum  pontificem 
"  psallas   sBtemaliter."      Hiis    dictis  angelomm  sublata 
est  visio,  et  presbyter  excessit  somno,  tacitumque  quod 
viderat  usque  ad  missam  tulit,  quid  tarn  manifesta  visio 
portenderet  quodam  stupore  mentis  opperiens. 
He  prMches      31.  Interea  procedit  dominus  archiepiscopus  ad  solem-  B.  p.  5i. 
on  Araen^n  nia  sine  ullius  incommodi  sensu,  sed  imminentis  transitus,  p;  g^"^' 
ut  post  palam  ftdt,  baud  dubie  coiiscius.     Ter  ea  die  Osbem, 
infiidit  populo   verba   salutis,   primo   post  evangelium,  122.^^^' 
quem  morem  onmes  terunt ;  secundo  post  benedictionem  Eadmer, 
episcopalem;  tertio  post  perceptam  Eucharistiam,  sem-220.     ' 
per  tanta  sermonum  gratia^   tanta  vultus  elegantia,  ut 
Tiibil  supra.     Procedebat  ex  ore  tanta  verborum  copia^ 
ex  facie  claritas  quanta  prius  nunquam ;  profecto  aderat 
ei   de  Cujus   adventu   loquebatur  Spiritus,  ut  daritate 
&Giei  nihilo  minus  quam  angelus,  a  prsedicationis  uber- 
tate  nihil   minus  videretur  quam  apostolus.     Inbiabat 
populus   verbis   ejus,   suspirabat   vultui,  quasi   et  ipse 
Hisezhorta-prsesagiret  quod  eum  ulterius  visurus  non  esset.     Vole- 
**^''         bat  antistes   eis   suam  gloriam  manifestare,  sed  dictu- 
rientem  retrahebat  passio,   superabat  affectus.     Magno 
ergo   suo   gaudio   obetrepebat,  et   aliquantum   moeroris 
nubUum  prsetendebat  filiorum  desolatio.     Jam  vero  ter- 
tio, ut  dixi,  sermonem  adorsus,  erupit  in  vocem,  vocem 
qua  eis  incomparabilem  effudit  dolorem,  haberent  cari- 
tatem   et   dilectionem   fratemam   qua    sola    cum    Deo 
foederatur    mortalis   hominis   anima.     Ebnc    reliquisse 
Dominum  Salvatorem  in  signum  Sui  amoris  discipulis ; 
banc  se  eommendare  illis ;  hoc  munus  extremum.    Hsbc 


AUCrORE  WILLELMO  KALMESBERIEKSI.  319 

B.  p.51.     suae    dilectioiUB   esse   pk;nora,  qu83  filiis   suis  continuoHeui- 
p^  35    *     decessurus  oontraderet.     Neque  enim  se  cum  illis  ulte-  departure. 
08berD»pp.  rius    commoraturum,    sed   celeiiter    in^ressurum    viam 

121    122  -B-r  •••  ••  •• 

Eadmer'    P&t^rom.     Hiis  dictis  siurexit  in  ecdesia  ingens  clamor 
pp.  21 9»      omnium,  "  Eheu  pater,  eheu  domine/'  damantium.    Itum 

est    in    planctum,   itum   in  singultum,    profluebantque  Sorrow  of 
lacrymifi    doloris     interpretes,     praecordiorum    axbitwe.  ^^^ 
Quibus   iterum   sermonem  ejus    rogantibus   suppliciter, 
verba    quidem     sufficere    respondit.      Yerumtamen    ad 
multos  amplexu  mutuo,  ad  omnes  osculi  caritate  decurrit. 
Nam  et  EI%arus  sacerdos  visionis  suse  jam  compos,  cum  EUigar 
quae  viderat  tulisset  in    medium,  baud  incertum  dedit^inon. 
indicium  pontificem  sabbato  proximo  migratumm.     Hie 
igitur,  omnibus,  ut   dixi,  quoquomodo   consolatis,  dedit 
extremae  benedictionis  gratiam,  et  auctoritate  sibi  trar 
dita  peccatormn  absolutionem  et  remissam. 

B.  p.  52.         32.  Ita  pransurus,  cum  zetam  intrasset,  omnes  partici-  He  joins  in 
P*^^'      pare  volentes  bilariter  excepit,  libenJiter  pavit ;  prandio  ^•'*«' 
Eadmer,     saucte  et  sobrie  ut  solebat  celebrato,  editiorem   locum  tires  to  an 
^'  ascendit.    Ibi  ut,  quia  daudicante  jam  vere  tempos   in  ^^^3^ ' 

aestatem  veigebat,  calorem  efiugeret,  vel  ut  meridianum 
somnum  more  soUto  invitaret^  assedit  subsellio.  Erat 
sedile  viminea  crate  contextum  et  ita  fulciendis  ktteri- 
bus  accommodum  ut  etiam  dorndtantem  a  casu  defen- 
deret.  Ministri  qua  quisque  poterat  in  drcuitu  indulsere 
quieti.  Jamque  ille  et  quidam  eorum  in  soporem  con- 
cesserant,  cum  ipse  primum  quodam  leni  motu  percussus, 
mox   cum  ipso  sedili  ad  tectum  usque  subjectus  est.  He  and  the 

•  !•.  1*  .1  •  1         I  •  •    oouohare 

maudito  sseculis  omnibus  miraculo,  ut  cum  cfravis  canus  miraculously 

.  <•         I  -rx-   •  lifted  up  ana 

pondere  vacuum  per  inane  ferretur^  Diriguere  omnes  set  down, 
metu,  stratisque  excussi  per  angulos  difiugiunt;  sed 
delinimentum  fuit  pavoris,  ea  modestia  qua;  subvectus 
fiierat^  demissio  pontifids.  Demissum  ergo  atque  ex- 
perrectum,  ritu  obsequentium  circumstant,  reliqidas  for- 
Tnidinia  paUidis  vultibus  praeferentes ;  eos  antistes  blando 
filiorum  nomine  compellans,  interrogat  quid  vidissent 


320 


VITA  SANCTI  DXJNSTANI 


He  forbids 
them  to  tell 
tHe  miiacle 
durinchis 
life. 


He  grows 
worse  until 
the  Satur- 
day. 


His  latest 
prophecies. 


He  reqeives 
the  extreme 
unction. 


and  the 
Holj;  Com- 
munion. 

His  last 
words. 


quod  ita  btixeum  colorem  et  exanimem  induissent.    lUi  B.  p.  58. 
rem  ordine  pandunt,  et   se   miratos  in  tempore  aiunt. 
Tum  ille,  "  Si  haec,"  inquit,  "  vidistis,  filii,  videte  ne  dum 
"  supersum  divulgetur  hoc  factum  cuiquam;  si  dixeritis, 
"  Deum  et  obedientiam  meam  offendetis." 

33.  Incubuit  interim  valetudo,  et  tota  ilia  die  cum 
sequente  usque  ad  Sabbatum  vires  accepit  in  corpore, 
sed  animam  uescivit  gravare;  Kberum  ilia  volatum 
moliebatur  in  coeltun,  quantoque  ergastulum  erat  dis- 
solutius  tanto  ilia  emicabat  plausibilius.  Excubabant 
propter  monachi  et  clerici  de  pastoris  vocatione  sus- 
pensi  et  sollidti.  Quibus  ille  indefesse  salubria  verba 
inculcans  deliniabat  in  memoria  quaecunque  videbat 
necessaria.  Multa  tunc  et  singulis  et  patrieB  imposte- 
rum  profutura  vaticinatum  crediderim,  quoniam  propior 
setemse  vitse  capacior  erat  prophetise.  Quae  tamen  ilia 
fuerant,  quia  in  veteribus  libris  non  invenio,  dicere  non 
prsesumo.  Nam  ut  alias  dixi,  quicunque  de  gestis 
sanctorum  plusquam  ab  antiquo  scripta  sibi  arrogat, 
profecto  mente  non  constat.  Jam  ergo  poUidtae  quietis 
Sabbatum  ax^cesserat,  cum  beatissimus  praesul  horam 
gloriae  suae  adventare  sentiens,  fiutres  omnes  adesse 
imperat.  Festinus  fuit  eorum  sed  moestus  accursus  ;  ex- 
hibitumque  inunctionis  officium  patri  amantissimo  non 
indeploratum.  Doloris  immensitatem  verbis  amplificare 
otiosi  est  hpminis  ;  quis  enim  non  possit  conjicere  quod, 
si  unquam  fiierint,  ibi  non  defuerunt  lacrjnnae,  ubi  plan- 
gebatur  casus  patriae,  religionis  ruina^  quae  nitebantur 
in  eo  solo  homine  ?  Corpus  Domini  porrectiun  qua  Adelard, 
decebat  veneratione  suscepit,  eoque  usus  mente  sobria,  ^'  ^^' 
sensu  integro,  voce  sonora,  hunc  psalmi  versum  concinit, 
"  Memoriam  fedt  mirabilium  Suorum  misericors  et 
"  miserator  Dominus,  escam  dedit  timentibus  Se."  Haec  Ps-cxi  4.5. 
verba  beato  viro  fuerunt  ultima,  haec  extremi  anhelitus 
vestigia,  dum  inter  has  Dei  laudes  ad  Eum  Quem 
laudabat  pretiosa  subvolabat  anima.  Magnum  perfectae 
felidtatis    indicium,  ut   egressum   omnibus    mortalibus 


AUCTORE  WILLELMO   MALMESBERIENSI. 


321 


Osbern, 
p.  126. 
Eadmer, 
p.  S21. 


suspectum  tarn  facili  meatu  evaderet,  dum  sensu  ver-  Hi§  dmth 
bisque  non  titubantibus  supremum  efflaret.  Igitur  Do- 
minici  thesauri  splendidum  margaritum,  Sanctique 
ParacKti  coeleste  quondam  organum,  humeris  sacerdo- 
tum  in  ecclesiam  delatum,  ibidemque  post  officia  solem- 
nia  in  loco  ubi  ipse  vivens  dictaverat  venerabiliter 
sepulturse  datum.  Et  corpus  quidem  dulci  naturae 
gremio  confovendum  Humus  excepit,  spiritus  autem, 
jamdudum  coelesti  regno  exhibitus,  a  Domino  Christo 
prsemia  meritorum  petiit  et  accepit.  Transiit  autem  *wiSjj!PJ 
patres  suos  gloriosus  amicus  Dei  Dunstanus  anno  seta-  epiacopate^ 
tis^  ut  ex  chronids  supputare  potui,  sexagesimo  quarto, 
archiepiscopatus,  ut  multum,  vicesimo  septimo  ;  vir 
senectutis  non  multae,  sed  sanctitatis  immensae,  qui 
famam  virtutibus  vicerit,  qui  gloriam  mentis  suis  in 
sevum  omne  propagarit,  qui  patriae  jam  diu  nutantis 
ruinam  ad  suum  exitum  distiderit. 


and 


Osbern, 
p.  127. 
EidmeTf 
p.  222. 


34.  Nam  ut  sine  fastidio  legentium  breviter  ostendam 
quantam  Dunstani  vatidnium  in  Egeb^edum  intortum 
habuit  efficadam,  statim  post  obitum  ejus,  qui  decimo 
anno  regis  fuit,  Dani  venerunt  in  Angliam,  quibus 
omnia  Kttora  infestantibus  et  levitate  piratica  discur- 
rentibus,  decretum  ut  repellerentur  argento  qui  non 
potuerunt  ferro;  ita  decem  millia  librarum  persoluta 
cupiditatem  Danorum  explevere ;  exemplum  infame  et 
viris  indignum,  libertatem  pecunia  redimere,  quam  ab 
invicto  animo  nulla  violentia  possit  excutere.  Et  tunc 
quidem  paidisper  ab  excursibus  cessatum.  Mox  ubi 
otio  vires  resumpserunt  ad  superiora  redeunt ;  tantus 
timor  regem  incesserat  ut  nihil  de  resistendo  cogitaret ; 
itaque  Northanhumbria  tota  populata,  ocddentaJi  pro- 
vincia  pessundata,  ad  sedecim  millia  librarum  solvenda 
^coactus  est.  Cantia  depraedationi  data;  urbs  metropo- 
lis et  patriarcharum  sedes  incendio  data,  ipse  archiepi- 
scopus  Elphegus,  de  quo  superius  dixi,  abductus  et 
vinculis  tentus,  ad  extremum  apparente  sibi  Dunstano, 
ad   gloriam  benigne  invitatus,  lapidatusque   et  securi 

X 


Fidfllmont 

ofhii 

prophecy. 


Duiifh 
inTation 
bought  off 
for  a  time. 


Payment  of 
money. 


Ouiterbury 
burnt. 


322 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI 


Mwtgdom  percussTis,   anima    coelum  glorificavit.     Durat  ad    hoc 
^'  tempus  et  recens  ejus  sanguis  et  iUibata  integritas  cor- 
poris;   miraculoque   ducitur    posse  cadaver   exanimari 
et  non  posse  tabifieri.     Bex  interea  strenuus  et  egregie 
ad  dormiendum  factus  oscitabat ;  qui,  ut  pemiciosus  in 
Mtfri^of  posteros  esset,  commentatus  est   qualiter  successio  sua 
and£mma;  omnem    Aii£rliam    amitteret,   Emmam    filiam   Bichardi 

leading  the  .  ,  ° 

TOT  to  the  comitis  NormannisB  conjugio  asciscens,  unde  succedenti 
Conquest,  tempore  factum  ut  Normamii  Angliam  jure  suo  clami- 
tantes  ditioni  subjicerent,  sicut  hodie  melius  videtur 
oculo  quam  exaratur  stylo.  Interea  felix  Dunstani 
spiritus  non  feriebatur,  sua  tantum  in  coelis  gloria  con- 
tentus,  sed  in  terris  miraculis  plurimus  affiiit,  miseriis 
exposttdantium  plurimus  assistebat.  Eorum  copia  ve- 
tustate  absoleta  memorise  excidit ;  p^iuca  quse  per  patro- 
cinium  litterarum  supersunt  sequentis  libelli  pagina  sibi 
vendicabit.* 
Proof  of  the      35.  Nunc  auxiliantc  Dei  gratia  hoc  quod  in  epistola 

heterodox      ...  .  .  ..  .  i»  r\^    • 

doctrine  of  bbro  pnmo  praemissa  promisi  conabor  expedire.  Qui- 
dam  enim  mihi  vitio  vertunt  quod  scriptorem  vit» 
Dunstani  arguerim  eo  quod  matemos  sinus  sacro  puer-  Osbeni, 
perio  intumuisse  dixerit.  "  Potest,"  inquiunt,  "  dici 
"  sacrum  puerperium,  sicut  dicit  bonum  conjugale  et 
"  honorabiles  nuptise."  Assentirer  si  idem  esset  oon- 
jugium  quod  puerperium.  Enimvero,  ut  Augustinus 
ait,^  conjugium  non  fetcit  tantum  commixtio  corporum 
quantum  consensus  animorum.  Nam  et  Joseph  et  bea- 
tissima  Maria  dicti  sunt  conjuges,  inter  quos  nulla  fuit 
virginitatis  defloratio,  sed  placida  et  Deo  grata  volun- 
tatum  consensio.  Puerperium  autem,  ut  nomen  ipsum 
indicat,  non  tantum  est  prolis  in  ventre  gestatio,  quan- 
tum in  lucem  efiusio ;  omnem  autem  hominem  in  ini- 
quitatibus  concipi  et  pari  psalmista  testatur ;  "  Ecce 
"  enim,"    inquit,    "  in   iniquitatibus  conceptus   sum,  et  P».  h.  s. 


Argument 
fkrom  R.  Au- 
gustine. 


^  S.  Aug.  Serm.  li.,  0pp.  v.  298. 
'  This  book  is  followed   in  the 
MS.  by  a  copy  of  Eadmer's  book 


on  the  Miracles  of  Dnnstan;  tee 
aboTe,  p.  223. 


AUCTORE  WILLELMO  MAXMESBERIENSI.  323 

"  in  delictis  peperit  me  mater  mea."     Sic  enim  habet  Osbem'i 

j»  1  ii»         ••!  ^    •  1"  ••!       words  op" 

antiqua  translation  siquidem  quod  m  peccatis  concipitur  posed  to  the 
in  peccatiB  nascitur,  et  eorundem   involucro   vomtur,  tnneof 

*  i    •  TA   •  i-  I         original  sin. 

pnusquam  per  regeneratneem  Dei  gratiam  renascatur. 
Fallor  si  non  onmes  catholici  tractatores  idem  asseve- 
rant.  Quorum  unius  Fulgentii  testimonium  ponam  ex 
abundanti.  "  Firmissime,"  inquit,^  "tene  et  nullatenus 
"  dubites  omnem  hominem,  qui  per  concubitum  viri  et 
"  mulieris  condpitur,  cum  originali  peccato  nasci,  im- 
"  pietati  subditum  mortique  subjectum;  et  ob  hoc 
"  natura  irse  filiuTYi  nasci."  Quomodo  ergo  dicitur 
sacrum  quod  cum  peccato  nascitur,  quod  impietati  sub-  . 
ditur?  Ab  hoc  sane  quod  dicunt,  posse  dici  de  Dun- 
stano  quod  dictum    est   de  Johanne  Baptista^  "Spiritu 

s.Luke,i.i6.  «  Sancto  replebitur  adhuc  ex  utero  matris  suae,"  respon- 
deo  miracula  Dei  in  exemplum  non  trahenda.  Quis 
enim  ad  illius  sanctitatis*  aspiret  gloriam  quo  inter 
natos  mulierum  non  surrexit  major,  qui  dictus  est 
Angelus,  si  non  natura,  officio  tamen  et  gratia;  qui 
sicut  singulare  meruit  donum  prophesisB,  ita  singulari 
prseventus  est  munere:  nam  quod  ad  Dieremiam  pro- 
phetam  dictum  est,  '^  Pnusquam  te  formarem  in  utero 

Jerem.i.5.  "  novi  te,  et  antcquam  progredereris  sanctificavi  te," 
magis  ad  spem  prsedestinationis  quam  ad  effectum  rei 
prsesentis  accipi  debere,  verba  sequentia  prseconantur, 
cum  subditur,  "et  prophetam  in  gentibus  dedi  te." 
Neque  enim  Iheremias  vel  quilibet  alius  potuit  ajite 
exercere  prophesiae  munus,  quam  esset  natus.  Quamvis 
de  Domino  Christo  absolutius  intelligatur,  Qid  gentium 
desideratus  prsedicationis  gratiam  in  eas  effudit  ad  quas 
nimquam  Jeremias  accessit.  Ex  eadem  forma  prsedes- 
tinationis  dictum  Bebeccse,  "Duse  gentes  in  utero  tuo 

Gen.zzv.8s."  sunt,  et  duo  populi  ex  ventre  tuo  progredientur." 
Non  enim  catervatim   et   agmine   facto  duo  populi  ex 


'  Liber  de  Fide  ad  Petrnm,  sect.  69,  Ang.  0pp.  vi.  App.  p.  80. 

X  2 


324  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANL 

« 

ventre  mulieris  prosiluere,  sed  in  singulis  panmlis  sin- 
guise  gentes  sunt  signatse. 

^writer's  86.  Jam  vero  quod  dicimt  propter  redargutionem  alio- 
hiK  work,  rum  scriptorum  me  posse  inire  odium,  ad  illud  comicum 
dictum  mihi  occurrit  solatio,  "Veritas  odium  parit;" 
quamvis  mihi  conscius  sum  multa  merito  redarguenda 
suppressisse  silentio,  et  cauta  egisse  diligentia,  ut  non 
periditaretur  Veritas  ubi  superbiret  fSEdsitas;  £EUsessat 
igitur  invidia,  malignus  interpres  absistat.  Nullius 
innocentiam  sauciavi,  sed  bona  int^re,  vitia  parce,  per- 
strinsi.  Decet  enim  scriptorem  integritatis  reverentiam 
non  deserere,  qui  dictorum  suorum  se  novit  habere 
quot  lectores  tot  judices.  Quocirca,  domini  fratres,  hoc 
non  abstinui  dicere,  ut  purgarem  suspidones  hominum, 
nee  sinistrum  de  me  relinquerem  judicium :  meliori 
siquidem  setatis  parte  consumpta,  quanto  fiiii  acoedo, 
tanto  curare  debeo  ne  mea  laceretur  opinio. 

Finis  vUce  Saricti  DuTistani  archiepiecopi. 


' 


TI. 

VITA  ET  MIRACULA  DUNSTANI 
A  JOHANNE'CAPGRAVIO  CONSCRIPTA.* 


y»j«     \'N/X/»'»'"vyv'»rfN»X*\/\» 


Osbem, 
p.  71. 


Osbenit 
p.  72. 


De  Sancto  Ihinstano,  episcopo  et  confeaaore. 

1.  Begnante  rege  Ethelstano,  anno  regni  sui  primo,  adven-  Pftrantige 
tas  vero  Anglornm  in  Britanniam  quadringentesimo  nonage - 
simo  septimo,  natas  est  puer  Dei  Dunstanus,  in  Westsazonica 
Anglisd  plaga^  magnis  quidem  pro  ssBculi  dignitate  parentibus, 
sed  ad  relinonem  qnsd  Christianos  decet  longe  majoribus. 
Tanta  siqaidem  virtutiB  raiione  viyentes  animum  colebant,  tot 
piis  operibus  laborantes  insndabant,  nt,  sicut  eidem  filio  suo 
postmodum  divina  revelatione  innotuit,  viam  universse  camis 
ingressi,  spiritibus  angelicis  associari  mererentur.  Magnnm 
enim  Deus  puerum  fatumm  prsBvidebat,  coi  tantnm  muneris 
donatnm  est,  nt  ante  mnndo  signis  innotesceret  quam  hunc 
in  mundi  hujus  lucem  mater  fudisset.  Cumqne  in  Purifioa-  ^^'^^^f 
tione  beatae  Mari®  popalos  ad  ecclesiam  in  Glastonia  con-  the  Purifloip 
flueret,  contigit  patrem  pneri  Herstanum  cum  conjnge  sua  i^'birt^ 
gravida  Kinedrida  ad  ecclesiam  advenisse ;  accensisque 
candelis  sacris  Missarum  solempniis  interfaisse.  Et  cum 
recitatum  esset  qnemadmodum  pnemm  Jesum  in  templnm 
parentes  inducerent,  majestas  Domini  repente  ibidem  appa- 
ruit,  qa»  luminaria  cuncta  eztinguens  totam  domum  tene- 
brosa  caligine  obtexit.  Pavore  igitur  singuli  tabesciint, 
rigent  cornea,  genua  colliduntnr,  sensu  stabant  hserentes  et  al- 
temis  obtntibns  stuporem  indicantes.  Sed  nt  omnibus  clarum 
fieret  quid  hac  in  re  quae  apparuit  majestas  intenderet,  ex- 
templo  lux  ccelitus  emissa  resplenduit^  et  eum  quern  puerpera 
manu  tenebat  cereum  accendit.    Si  ante  populus   de  amisso 


^  The  text  is  from  the  Bodleian 
MS.  Tanner  15,  collated  with  the 
Rawlioion  MS.  A.  294,  and  the 
edition   printed   by    Wynkyn    de 


Worde,  A.D.  1516.  The  marginal 
references  are  made  only  to  the  books 
from  which  the  text  is  directly  taken. 


326 


VITA  ET  MIRACULA  DUNSTANI 


Bnnstanis 
bom,  and 
carried  to 
GlaAUm- 
bury. 


Hixaole ,       luinine  miratas  est,  nunc  majori  admiratione  simul  et  exulta-  Osbern» 
^JSf  ^"     tione  detinetur.     A  lumine  itaque  illo  lumen  omnibus  non  p.  72. 
immerito  gaudentibus  porrectum  est. 

2.  Nato  itaque  Dunstano,  cum  linguam  ad  loquendum  Oabem, 
t^nporis  processu  formare  ccepisset,  a  parentibus  suis  ad  P*  '**• 
ecdesiam  defertur;    et  illis  in  oratione  pemoctantibus,  appa- 
ruit  vir  sethereiun  habens  Yultum ;  locum  dixit  non  multo  post 
tempore  sublimandum,  puerum  ibidem  Deo  relinquendum,  et 
beatum  ilium   per  seecula  prsedicandum.      Et  mensoris  funi- 
culum  per  plana  atrii  extendens,  ''Sic/'  inquit,  " sodificabitur 
"  locus  iste  ad  prseparanda  corda  illorum  Domino,  qui  hoc 
**  in  loco  per  hunc  puerum  Domino  credituri  sunt."    Qua  ill! 
revelatione  vebementer  gavisi,  immensas  Deo  laudes  persol- 
vunt,  et  puerum  ad  serviendum  Domino  ibidem  derelin-  Osbern^ 
quunt.     Qui  tam  in  scientia  pietatis  quam  in  virtute  sancti-  P*  ^^* 
tatis  qUotidie  proficiens  assidue  Domino  ministrabat. 

Condition  of     3.  Ea  tempestate  Glastoni^  regalibus  stipendiis  addicts,  mo- 
bury.    *       nacliic89  religionis  penitus  erat  ignara :  nondum  enim  in  Anglia 
communis  vita  colebatur,  non  usus  deserendi  proprias  voluntates 
affectabatur :  abbatis  nomen  vix  quisquam  audierat.    Yenerant 
Theirt^     autem  de  Hibemia  illustres  viri  quidam,  et  locum  habita- 

tionis  suse  a  ciyili  multitudine  sequestratum  apud  Grlastoniam  Osbeni, 
elegerunt.     Filios    idcirco    nobilium    liberalibus  studiis  im-  P*  ^^' 
buendos  susceperunt,  ut   quod  minus  ad  usum  loci  ubertas 
exhiberet,  eorum  quos  docebant  liberalitate  redundaret. 


Virion  of 
tiieftttcire 
buildings 
there* 


IHinfltan'e 
application. 


His  illness 
and  mira- 
culous re- 
ooveiy. 


Hejisoesto 
the  church; 
and  puts  to 
flight  the 
devils. 


4.  Adest  ergo  nobilissimus  puer  Dunstanus  inter  alios  unus, 
immo  prsa  aliis  solus.  IJbi,  paulo  diligentius  quam  imbecilla 
ffitas  ferre  posset,  litterarum  studio  intentus,  acerrimo  lan- 
guor e  fatigatur.  Cumque  in  limine  mors  adesse  putaretur, 
ecce  intempesta  nocte  coelestis  ilium  medicina  revisit,  quam 
ei  per  angelicum  ministerium  Christus  exhibuit.  Qui  con- 
festim  de  lectulo  surgens  ad  ecclesiam^  Deo  gratias  acturus, 
moderata  velocitate  currit.  Stupefacti  qui  ejus  curam  gere- 
bant,  lento  pede  ejus  vestigia  sequuntur,  finem  rei  oxplo- 
rantes.  Necdum  medium  itineris  confecerat  cum  malignus 
spiritus,  sive  ejus  saluti  invidens,  seu  futuram  rpligionem  sus- 
pectam  habens,  latrantium  canum  multitudine  stipatus  occur- 
rit ;  viam  eunti  intercludere  contendit.  Exclamat  itaque  puer  Osbem, 
Christum  :  payore  conterritus,  virgam  arripuit,  quam  in  faciem  P*  76. 
obsistentis  inimici  vibrans,  ipsum  cum  omni  comitatu,  divino 
suJBTultus  suffragio,  in  fugam  compulit.    Yenit  igitur  ad  ec- 


AUCTOBE  J.  CAPaRAVIO. 


327 


Osbem, 
p.  76. 


Osbem, 
p.  77. 


Oflbern, 
p.  78. 


Otfbern, 
p.  79. 


clesiam,  et  earn  obseratam  inveDiens,  soalam  ibidem  reper- 
tam  quasi  per  excessom  mentis  ascendit;  ad  alteram  inde 
tecti  partem  qua  nullus  erat  descensus  progrediens,  angelicis 
manibus  ad  solum  deponitur,  et  in  interiora  ecclesise  non  pa- 
tentibus  claustris  inducitur.  Orta  autem  luce,  levi  sopore  de- 
pressus  in  ecclesia  reperitur.  Eogatus  vero  ut  tam  mira- 
bilis  eventus  modum  ezponeret,  nou  esse  hoc  in  sua  couscien- 
tia  respondit. 

5.  Certabat  itaque  adolescens  factxis  gratia  et  affabilitate 
omnes  excedere,  pudicitiam  servare,  lasciviam  fugere,  appe- 
titor  honesti,  tnrpitudinis  execrator;  majorum  natu  colloquiis 
adesse,  juvenum  ludicra  declinare :  oiborum  abstinens,  somno 
temperans,  incessu  gravis,  magnsa  fidentisa  ad  incipiendum 
bonum,  constanti®  ad  perficiendum;  principium  bene  agendi 
Deum  semper  habere,  finem  vero  Eidem  commendare.  Lectioni- 
bxis  sacris  intentus  erat,  quarum  exercitio,  et  vitiorum  op- 
portunitates  evitans,  virtutum  augmenta  nutriebat.  Et  quamvis 
variis  scientiis  magnifice  polleret,  musica  tamen  instrumcnta 
speciali  quadam  affectione  scire  vendicabat,  sicut  David,  psal. 
terium  sumens,  citharam  percutiens,  modificans  organa,  cim- 
bala  tangens.  Nee  eo  ista  commemoramus  quod  his  opus  esse 
ad  perfectionem  tendenti  arbitremur,  sed  ut  multiplices  Dei 
gratias  in  juveoe  commendemus.  Nam  omnibus  ssecularibus 
studiis  praeferebat  scientiam  pietatis,  sua  semper  ingenia  sanc- 
torum patrum  auctoritati  contradens.  Prseterea  manu  aptus 
ad  omnia,  picturam  faoere,  litteras  formare,  scalpello  im- 
primere,  ex  auro  argentoque,  sere  et  ferro,  quicquid  liberet 
operari. 

6.  Permissu  tandem  parentum  suorum  ad  Aldelmum,  Can- 
tuariensem  archiepiscopum,  avunculum  suum,  profectus, 
benigne  suscipitur  ab  eo;  et  regi  Athelstano  adductum 
familiariter   studuit  commendare,  dicens,  "Hunc,"  ait,  "  ju- 

venem '  mihi  quidem  plurimum,  regise  vero  stirpi  nonnullo 
consanguinitatis  jure  devinctum,  vestrsa  excellentias  com- 
mendo,  ut  stet  jugiter  in  .conspectu  vestro,  audiatque  ver- 
bum  ex  ore  domini  mei  regis.  Experiar  in  illo  gratiam 
vestram,  quam  multiplicem  in  maximis  saepe  rebus  expertus 
sum,  et  deinceps  amplius  experturum  confide."  Bex  vero 
oblatum  juvenem  gratanter  excipiens  unice  dilexit,  et  neces- 
sariis  rebus  regia  vice  praeesse  constituit.  Et  prosperatum 
est  in  manibus  Dunstani  quicquid  operis  ipse  coepisset.  Et 
nunc  quidem  surgens  ad  orandum  Deum,  nunc  sedens  ad 
dijudicandas  causas  hominum,  ita  sapienter  ac  circumspectc 
se  agebat,  ut  et  Deo  per  omnia  placeret,  ncc  aliquem  pie  vi- 


He  diinbs  & 
ladder  and 
is  found 
asleep  in  the 
church. 


Hlsbehft- 
viour  as  a 
young  man* 


His  know- 
ledge of 
music. 


He  was  a 

cunning 
workman. 


He  goes  to 

arohbishop 

Athelm, 


<< 


(< 


<< 


t< 


4< 


<< 


who  pre- 
sents him  to 
kingAthel- 
8tan« 


His  promo- 
tion at 
court. 


328         VITA  ET  MIBACULA  DUNSTANI 

He  ohanns    yentiam  sua  oulpa  offenderet.    Cnmque  vidwet  dominum  re-  Osbeniy 
with  muiic.  S^^  ssaoularibus  onris  fatigatum,  in  cithara  psallebat  sive  alio  P*  ^« 

musici  generis  instrumento,  qno  tarn  regis    quam   principum 

corda  ezhilararet. 

Whilst  he        7.  Matrona  qusedam  frequenii  ac  religiose  rogatu  exoravit 

a  stde!^      ilium,  ut  ei  stolam  sacerdotalem  artifioiosa  operatione  pr89pin- 

geret,  quam   postea  ad  divinos  cultus   anrifactoria  imitatione 

figuraret.    Qui  assumpta  in  manibns  cithara,  ad  domum  tendit 

religio889,  oitharam  in  pariete  suspendit,  opus  ad  quod  venerat , 

diligenter  incepit.     Cumque  manum  operi,  oor  autom  atque 

labia  Deo  prsepararet,  cithara  illius  parieti  SUSpensa  in  paz- 

illo,  absque   ullo  hominis  impulsu,    hujus    antiphoneo    melo- 

5JS5*uSl™^"  ^^^^  acutissima  simul  et  disertissima  modulatione  personuit, 

plays  an       ''  Gaudent   in  ooelis    animse    sanctorum   qui  Christi  vestigia 

anthem.        «  g^^^  secuti,   et  quia  pro  Ejus  amore  sanguinem  suum  fu- 

«  derunt,    ideo    cum    Christo    gaudebunt   in   SBtemum."     Et 

ezsiliens  omnis  familia  et  vociferaDS,   hominem  nimium  esse 

sapientem,  et  amplius  eum  quam  ezpediat  scire  protestatur. 

At  ille,  ccelestem  musicum  intendens,  admoneri  se  intelligit,  ut 

vias  duriores  arripiat,  ut  Christi  vestigia  propius   sequatur, 

ut  sanguinis  sui   effusionem  non  metuat,  sed  Dei  regnum   et 

vitam  delectet  habere  sBternam. 

He  is  ao-  8.  Accensus  ergo  furore  diabolus  quod  tarn  Sanctis  princi-  Osbern, 

^t^OTaft,   P^B  juvenem  niti  conspiceret,  invidias  stimulis  operarios  ini-  P*  81* 
quitatis  inflammat,   qui  conficto   mendacio   opinionem  juvenis 
apud  regem  Issdant,  asserentes  ilium  malis  artibus  imbutum, 
nee  quicquam   divino   auzilio  sed  pleraque  dsemonum  prsesti- 
iM^  the     gio  operari.     Advertens  autem  Dunstanus  faciem  regis  non 
maltreated    esse  sicut  heri  et  nudius  tertius,  discedere  parat,  malleus  re- 
on  his  way.  ^^^  sponte  deserere  quam  a  rege  invitus  derelinqui.    ^mu- 
latores   enim    ejus   insidiis  iter   obsident,   socios  disturbant, 
iUum  equo  dejiciunt,  suppliciis  affligunt^  et  vincalis  ligatum 
in  cistemam  quandam  depellunt.     Intellexit  ergo  hoc  esse 
principium  certaminis>  ad  quod  ilium  divinus  nuper  citharoedus 
prasmonuit. 

He  goes  to        9.  Frofectus  inde,  cognatum  suum  Elphegum,  Wentan®  ur-  Osbem, 

£»egel  who  bis  episcopum,  adiit,   a  quo  frequenti   supplicatione  rogatus  P-  ^' 

to'Scome     ®st,  ut  monachum  indueret,  "  quia,"  inquit,  "  necesse  est  ut 

a  monk.        *<  qui  ignem  gehennsB  voluerit  effugcre  ignem  concupiscentiiB 

"  studeat  exstinguere.    Ignis  vero  concupiscentisB  non  multum 

"  exstinguitur,  si  fomenta  illius  humanis  sensibus  non  sub- 

"  trahuntur.    Sicut  enim  ligna  ad  ignem,  sic  ea  quae  sensibua 

"  subjacent  ad  concupiscentiam.     Sed  nulla  erit  fomentornm 


AUCfTORE  J,  CAPGBAVIO. 


329 


OBbern, 
p.  82. 


Osbetn, 
p.  SS. 


Osbern, 
p.  84. 


Osbem, 
p.  85. 


"  subtraotio,  si  saeoularium  negotiomm  non  ftierit  renttnciatio.  After  a 
**  Ex  quibns  elicitnr  ut  si  ignem  gelienxi«B  yolueris  effagere,  JlJJJhebe- 
"  ssBcolo  stndeas  rennnciare."     Quod  cum  fiskCere  differret,  eomes  a 
in  ambiguo  positnm  gravissima  febris  invasit,  et  usque  ad  priest  at 
desperationem  vitiB  perdozit.     Et  accito  episcopo  posttdat  sibi  ^u^^' 
dilated  religionis  habitum  dari.    Qui  cnm  magna  IsBtiiia  cele< 
riter  ilium  monaohali  ao  sacerdotali  gratia  promovit»  attita- 
lans  eum  ecolesiffi  beatsd  lifarisB  in  Glastonia,  ubi  parentum 
Buoram  sponsio  enm  dioayit  ab  initio. 

10.  Ibi  enim  adhaerentem  ecclesise  cellam,  sive  destinam,  He  builds 
sive  speluncam,  sive  alio  quolibet  nomine   rectias   mominari  cloNBe^o1£e 
potest,  non  enim  invenio  qua  illud  appellatione  vocetur,  cum  ^^^""^ 
non  tam  humani  habitaculi  quam  formam  gerebat  sepulcri, 
propriis  laboribus  fabricayit.    Ejusdem  vero  longitudo   oellsB 
non  amplius  quinque  pedum,  latitude  duos  et  semis  habebat 
pedes.    Forro  altitude  staturam   exprimit  hominis,  si  quis  in 
defoBsa  terra  constiterit;   alitor   enim   neque  satis  ad  pectus' 
porrigitur,  ut,   sicut  dizi,  magis  mortui  videatur   sepulcrum,  The  mea- 
quam  viventis  habitaculum.    Unde  Qianifestum  est  ilium  neque  "'^'^^^""^^^ 
jaoendo  somnum  cepisse,  et  stando  Deum  semper  orasse.    Os- 
tiolum  autem  idem  est  quod  paries.    Quod  enim   ingredienti 
ostium,  idem  ingresso  paries  fiebat.    Medium  ostioli  fenestr el- 
lam  aperit,  per  quam  lumen  operanti  irradiavit.     Haso  erat 
juveni  domus,  hie  lectus,  boc  de  toto  mundo  speotacidum. 


11.  Verum  humani  generis  inimicns,  quem  ante  non  sine- 
bat  babitare  in  palatio,  eum  nunc  nititur  depellere  tugurio. 
Sub  obscure  namque  vespere  cellam  juvenis  petens,  immisso 
capite  fenestrsB  incumbit;  cemit  ilium  fabrili  opere  occupa- 
tum;  postulat  sibi  quippiam  fabricari.  Dunstanus  autem  neque 
ejus  calliditatem  advertens,  neque  importunitatem  ferens,  operi 
quod  postulabatur  animum  intendit.  Interim  ille  mulierum 
nomina  inserere,  luxurias  commemorare,  deinde  religionem  os- 
tendere,  et  denuo  eadem  repetere  coepit.  Tunc  Dunstanus 
quis  esset  intelligens,  tenacula  quibus  ferra  tenebat,  fortiter 
ignire,  et  suppressis  labiis  Christum  invocare  conatur.  Cum- 
que  tenacula  candentia  yideret,  celeriter  de  igne  ea  rapit, 
laryalem  faciem  tenaculis  includit,  et  totis  viribus  monstrum 
introrsum  trahit.  Jam  stando  vires  sumebat  Dunstanus,  cum 
is  qui  tenebatur,  avulso  pariete,  de  manibus  se  tenentis  aufu- 
git,  tales  immani  rugitu  from  ens  ululatus,  "  0  quid  fecit  cal- 
'*  yus  iste !  O  quid  fecit  calvus  iste ! "  Tenui  namque  sed 
formosa  csssarie.  erat,  et  ea  re  talia  de  bomine  clamitabat. 
Mane  autem  facto  congregata  est  ad  eum  non  parva  populi 
multitude,  sciscitans  quisnam  ille  clamor  fuisset,  qui  tanta  eos 


The  devil 
Tisits  him 
in  his  work- 
shop, and 
speaks  evil 
words. 


Bnnstan 
seises  him 
with  the  red 
hot  tongs. 


330  VITA  ET  MIRACULA  DUNSTANI 

Ob  en>laixii  vehementia  dormientes  terruisset.      ''  Dadmonis/'  ait,   '*  furor  Osbeto, 
the  enomy.    **  i^^^  ^^>  <1^^  nusquam  me  yivere  siiut,  e  cella  quoque  ejicere  P*  ®^* 
"  temptat.    Caute  vos  agite  ab  iUo,  quia  si  vocem  irati  ferre 
"  non  potuidtis,  societatem  dampnati  quo  pacto  sustinebitis  ?" 
Post  hsec  Duustanus   corpus    suum  inedia  macerare,   ani- 
His  growth  mam  jugi  oratione  decorare  satagebat.     Unde  cum  pudicitia 
iSmST*  "*   corporis  tantam  cordis  munditiam  optmere  meruit^  ut  vix  eum 
latere  posset  quicquid  sinister  spiritus  molitus  fuisset.    Fama 
itaque  nominis  ejus  universam  percurrit  regionem,  quaa  ad  vi- 
dendum  hominem  Dei  corda  accendit.    Omnis  SBtas,  uterque 
sezus,  Dunstauum  loquuntur,  sapientiam  ejus  preedicant,  yir- 
tutem  magmficaut. 

The  lady  12.  Mulier  qusodam  nomine  Alfgiva,  regali  progenie  orta» 

^^^live  magnarum  divitiarum,  qusB  omne  semen  regium  matemo  sem- 
neaxhim.     per  affectu   dilexerat,   nutrierat,   innixa  manibus   suorum,  ad 

hominem  Dei  accessit ;  ssDctissimo  illius  colloquio  per&ui  de-  Osbeni, 
siderans.  Quaa  cum  ex  ore  illius  verbum  audisset,  adeo  delec-  P*  ^^• 
tata  est  dulcedine  yitsd  SBterme,  ut  ulterius  neque  domum  re- 
petere,  neque  loco  discedere,  sed  cum  beato  Dunstano  manere, 
vivere,  mori  eligeret.  Habitationem  juxta  ecclesiam  sibi  fabri- 
cavit,  multflB  continentiflB  et  operibus  bonis  et  eleemosynis 
operam  dedit.  Flures  saori  ordinis  viros  in  loco  statuit^  qui- 
bus  necessaria  jugiter  ministravit. 

Her  illness.       13.  Cumque  gravi  corporis  infirmitate  laboraret,  Dunstanus  Osbeni, 

ad  eam  intrans  consolatur,  et  hortatur  illam  ut  nudam  ab  P*  ^7* 

omni  mundana   specie  se  faciat,  ne  in  transeunte  quicquam 

She  makes    suum  princeps  mundi  inveniat    Gui  ilia,  '' Jesum  Christum 

her  will.       ««  rerum  mearum  haaredem  facio,  te  vero  haereditatis  tutorem 

"  constituo,  ut  quicquid  Ilium  cognoveris  velle  tui  arbitrii  sit 

*'  effectui  mancipare."     Dunstanus  vero  gazas  ejus  mobiles 

continuo  pauperibus  erogavit,  caatera  ad  ecclesiarum  subleva- 

IhiQBtaa      tionem  reservabat.    Et  dum  vespere  ostium  ecclesiaa  psallendo 

myBtio  Dove  praeteriret,  erectis  ad  caelum  oculis  Spiritum  Sanctum  in  co-  Osbem 

go  to  Tislt     imnbaB  specie  videt  descendentem ;  cujus  corpus,  omni  candore  p.  $8. 

nitidius,  alarum  remigia  scintillantis  ignis  splendorem  per  aera 

spargebant.    Quem  ille  contemplatus,  domum  matronas  subin* 

trantem  vidit.     Confestim  regressus,  aspexit  domum  divino 

fulgore  splendentem,   audit  foeminam  gratias  Deo  agentem, 

miratur  colloquium,  et  dicendi  finem  patiens  auditor  expectat. 

Shede-        Demum  subintrat,    stelliferi  illius   nomen  requirit,   nuncium 

Mvibeshis    jnterrogat.    Ilia  autem  modeste  subridens  iUi  ait,  "Tu  stel- 

**  liferum  antequam  hue  venires  vidisti,  et  nunc  cui  sim  locuta 

"  interrogasP    Ipse  est  qui  tibi  ad  ostium  ecclesiaa   psallenti 


AUCIOBE  J.  CAPOBAVIO. 


331 


Osbern, 
p.  88. 


Osbern, 
p.  89. 


Osbeni, 
p.  90. 


<« 


tt 


a 


c< 


tt 


apparuit,  qui  et  me  de  pavore  imminentis  moitiB  perterri- 
tam  yisitationis  suae  gratia  consolari  dignatus  est.  Aimtiii- 
oio  itaque  omnibuB  amiois  meis  tristandnm  de  mea  morte 
non  esse,  quoniam  me  anscipiet  olaritas  aBtemsd  vitae.  Tibi 
autem  aingulari  amioo  gratias  refero,  quia  tnis  semper  in- 
strncta  admonitionibns  et  a^uta  orationibus,  eoce  ad  Deum 
**  yado.''  Qu8B,  cum  spiritum  tradidisset  Deo,  in  ecclesia 
beatsB  Maris  honorifice  septdta  est.  Danstanus  vero  turn  de 
illius,  turn  etiam  de  sui  ipsius  patrimonio  soUicitas,  nam  uter- 
que  parens  obierat,  nee  praster  eum  alium  hseredem  reliqne- 
rant;  prime  quidem  yiciniores  patrimonii  terras  eidem  eccle- 
sise  contulit,  oaeteras  fandandis  quinque  monasteriis  reservayit. 
Quad  monasteria,  processu  temporis,  per  ejus  indostriam  mo- 
nachoram  numero  et  divitiis  multipliciter  aucta  stmt. 

14.  Ezinde  Dunstanus  majoribus  sese  virtntom  profectibns 
subdens,  deprecatus  est  Dominom  ostendi  sibi  gloriam-  jus- 
toram,  ut  qui  earn  per  fidem  bene  creditam  haberet,  per  mani- 
festationem  cognitam  dulcius  amaret.  Talia  ex  oorde  meditanti 
astitit  juvenis,  decore  insignis,  qnem  puenim  olim  in  corpore 
ipse  puer  noverat,  et  sancta  semper  familiaritate  dilexerat, 
referens  ei  qnae  sunt  aoternaB  vitao  gaudia,  ilium  in  hoc  sasculo 
plura  passurum,  daemonum  insidias,  malignitates  hominum,  ad 
summos  grados  ^lliinri  ascensurum,  multa  millia  hominum  Deo 

lucratorum^  et  post  haec  ad  ccelestia  regna  migraturum.  8ed 
cum  dicenti  assensum  non  dedisset,  apprehendit  eum  juvenis, 
et  in  atrium  ecdesisB  deducens,  ostendit  ei  looum  eat^nus 
inconmlsum,  et  ait,  "Ut  de  auditis  singulis  dubietas  onmis 
"  auferatur,  ante  triduum  presbyter  quidam  hie  sepelietur,  et 
"  nondum  infirmatur."  Ezsurgens  autem  mane  ab  oratione 
Dunstanus,  convocatis  in  unum  clericis,  ad  locum  yenit,  posi- 
toque  signo  ait,  **  Si  vera  sunt  quaa  nihi  nocturne  tempore 
"  ostensa  sunt,  ante  tres  dies  presbyter  quidam  hie  sepelietur, 
'*  et  nondum  infirmatur."  Yiz  illis  ab  invicem  digressis  su- 
pervenit  presbyter  quidam,  qui  facta  cum  clericis  conventione, 
pracfatum  locum  in  sepulturam  optinuit,  dicens,  "  Cum  me  Deus 
**  de  corpore  migrare  jusserit,  hoc  in  loco  meas  precor  reli- 
"  quias  sepelite.''  Becessit  presbyter  sanus,  nocte  rediit 
aagrotus,  obiit  in  crastino,  et  in  loco  beato  patri  assignato 
sepelitur. 


She  tells  of 

•ssared 

hope. 


Dunstan 
spends  her 
fortune  and 
his  own  in 
building 
monasteries. 


Dunstan 
prays  for 
a  sign. 


Vision  of 
a  dead 
friend  who 
tells  bim 
hisfUtiun 
career. 


As  a  proof 
of  his  truth 
he  tells  him 
of  the  ap- 

Sroaching 
eathand 
burial  of 
a  priest. 


The  sign 
fkOflUed. 


15.  Defuncto  tandem  rege  Efchelstano,  frater  ejus  Edmnndus  Athelstan 
in  regem  erectus  est^  qui  statim  accito  Dunstano,  inter  ^l^^,^^ 
palatines  prooeres    summum   tenere  fecit   principatum.     At  fttvours 
ille  justitiam  et  judicium  ubique  in  terra  coUapsum  exal-    *"*•*"*" 
tare  cupiens,   tam  regem   quam  omnes  Anglorum  principes 


332  VITA  ET  MIRACULA  DUNSTANI 

His  enemies  jostiiiaB  legibas  submittere  curavit.     Itorum  siout  olim  aple-Otbern, 
Sbe  kixift      risque  nobilium,  maJorum  satore  Btimulanie,  in  prosperos  P'  ^^* 
asBlnst  him.  DnnRtani  snccessus  est  offensom,  et  regi  nt  a  oonsortio  illomm 
pelleretar  falsa  criminatione  suggestum.    Bex  antem  plus  ho- 
nesto  falsis  favor  em  attribuens,  Danstanum  et  rebus  et  gratia  Osbeni, 
regia  privatum  a  ouria  proturbari  jubet.    Adveniente  vero  p*  91* 
tertia  luce,  rex  venatum  pergens  per  devia  quasque  fugientem  'k 

cervum  insectari  ccepit.    Omni  tandem  fugiendi  libertate  ne*  I 

Edmund      gata,   bestia  prsecipitium  quoddam  ardumn   et    excelsum  1 

huntins       valde  petit,  ruitque,  et  in  partes  minutissimas  contrita  depe- 
the'edmof   ^^^ »  ^^  canum  sequentium  similis  interitus  evenit.     Cumque 
apreoipioe.  regem  illuc  equus  adveheret,  viso  comminus  quod  prsB  se 
fortuna  pararat,   retraxit  habenas,  vectorem  refleotere  nisus. 
Et    ecce,  ruptis  repente  frsdnis,   regem  veloci  cursu  equus 
asportat.     Omnino  igitur  de  se  diffidens,   ccsleste  auxilium 
implorat,  sicque  oonfitendo  orat,  "  Deus,  Bex  omnipotens,  Qui, 
**  cum  sis  super  omnia  excelsus,  humilia  respicis  et  alta  sem- 
"  per  a  longe   cognoscis,  adesto  nunc  non  regi  sed  homini 
"  csdteris  mortalibus  simili,  in  supremo  mortis  periculo  con- 
He  oonfiasses  <'  sistenti;   nee  reminiscaris   injuriarum  fideli   Tuo  Dunstano 
nis  sm  <<  •ni  ••  •••  i* 

■nhut  per  me  illatarum,  quoniam  si  me  ipsius  mentis  a  prsBsenti 

i^Smed.  "  niorte  eripueris,  quoad  vivam  devotum  me  Tui  nominis  et 
'*  illius  laudatorem  habebis."    Neodum  plene  verba  finierat, 
cum  animal,  quasi  divina  manu  retentum,  in  summo  voragl- 
nis  fixum  manebat.    Tunc  rex  corde  pariter  et  ore  Deo  gra*  Osbern, 
tias    referens,    Dunstanum    adesse   jubet,   et   quaa  per    ilium  p.  9S. 
Divinitas  operata  sit,  coram  omnibus  exponit.    Et  apprehensa 
dextera  ejus,  osculatus   est  eam,  dicenB,  "  Agnosco,  virorum 
He  receives   "  sanctissime,   quid  in  te  commiserim   mali,  non  quod  ego 
totofSvour,  "  voluerim,  sed  quod  a  pessimis  hominibus  coactus  idfecerim. 
Gratias  ago  clementie  Dei,  quaa  non  solum  debitum  mihi 
supplicium  noluit  inferre,  verum  etiam,  a  prsecipitio  mor- 
tis eripiens,  longioris  vitas  spatia  in  tuO  nomine  concessit. 
Sit  ergo  deinceps  inter  nos  perfectss  familiaritatis  integritas, 
sit  in  disponendis  in  palatio  rebus  libera  semper  tibi  facul- 
''  tas ;   sit  in  toto  Anglorum  regno  judicandi  inter  virum  et 
'*  proximum  ejus  summa  potestas.    Et  ut  animi  mei  affectum 
andKJTes      "  circa  te  cognitum  habeas,  ilium  tibi  locum  in  quo  te  geni- 
ll^^^^jl!*'     ''  tnm,  educatum,  conversatum  aocepi,  perpetuo  jure  possiden- 
dum  trade,  ut  quodcunque  de  illo  velis  statucre  tui  arbitrii 
sit  considerare.     Quod  si  ejus    ordinis   cujus   tu  habitum 
geris  ibidem  aggregare  volueris,  quicquid  eis  in  quacunque 
re  defnerit  ego  ob  gratiam  tui  regia  liberalitate  supplebo." 


(i 
(I 
<< 

c< 
<( 


<( 
(( 
(< 


Hebcffins        16.  Dunstanus   igitur  ecclesie  fundamenta  jacere,  officinas 
secundum  exemplar  olim  sibi  ostensum  constrnere,  egregium 


AUCTORE  J.  CAPGRAVIO. 


333 


Osbeniy 
p.  9S. 

p.  98. 


Osbcniy 
p.  94. 


(( 


f( 


monachornm  collegium  coadnnare  curavitb    Qaibas  ipse  pri-  He  becomes 
mus  abbas  effectns,  ad  tantam  vitas  perfpctionem   omnes   ad-  *^^^- 
dozity  nt  ad  omnes  circumquaqne  ecclesias  ex  eisdem  monaohis 
pbntifices  electi  et  abbates  assmnpti  sint. 

Qnadam  enim  nocte  oranti  Dunstano  malignus  spiritus  in  TemptaMoii 
immanem  lapum  se  transfigurat,  iterumqne  post  paululum  u  a  wouT'^ 
vulpem  blandientem  confingit.    Qnam   ille  specierom  varieta-  »nd  m  a  ft». 
tern  snbridens,  "O  te,"  inquit,  "per  omnia  similem  tibi!    O 
**  formas  tuea  actioni  congrnas !   dum   in  altero  cruentnm,  in 
*'  altero  te  comprobes  fraudulentum.    Yade  jam,  inimice,  quo- 
niam  in  Ejus  nomine  te  vincam  in  lupo  et  ynlpe,  Qui  te  in 
leone  superavit  et  dracone."     Yidens  antem  vir  Dei   se 
magnam  a  dsBmonibus  invidiam  pati,  adhibnit  vitas  suaa  patro- 
nam  Andream  apostolum,  at  esset  fid  as  interpres  apad  Beam,  panttan 
assidaas  in  terra  cgmes,  atqae  in  omnibas  mandi  hajas  tarbi-  dww  m  i^* 
nibas  indeficiens  castos.    Hajas  ipse  assidaa  protectione  qnasi  patron, 
maro  vallatas,  qude  mandi  stmt  transcendit,  et  in  amore  Dei 
jagi  meditatione  qaievit.    IJnde  saavissimis  supernoram  spiri- 
taam  concentibas  ssepe  interesse  promerait,  at  qai  angeloram 
conversationem  agebafc  in  terra,  illoram  societatem  agnosceret 
in  coelo.     Cum  autem  regi  Edmando   filias  nasceretar  no-  He  hae  an 
mine  Edgaras,   aadivit   beatas  Dunstanus  angelos    in  coelo  ^I^S^g  at 
gratalantes,  et  cum  magna  exultatione  psallentes,  *'  Sit  pax,  ^i^'*' 
"  sit  magna  Angloram  ecclesise  lastitia,  qaamdia  puer  natas 
"  regnum  tenaerit,  et  noster  Dunstanas  mortalis  vitas  metas 
"  transegerit." 

17.  Apud  Batensem   ecclesiam,  dam   solitarias  oraret,  re- At  Bath  he 
pente  ad  sapema  raptas  animam  cajasdam  discipali  sui,  apad  S7£ad^^ 
Glastoniam  edacati,  innamera  angeloram  freqaentia  hinc  inde  P^P^* 
stipatam,  atqae  immensi  laminis   ftilgore  perfasam,  ad  coeli 
palatiam  provehi  conspexit. 


18.  Contigit  at  regem   loqaendi  sibi  capidissimam  Dun-  He  seea  the 
stanus  adiret,  diabolum  scorras  simiilimam  coram  eqmtanti-  the  death  of 
bus  deprehendit  saltantem,  et  quasi  de  futoro  aliquo  lucre  ^^™^"^^* 
gloriantem.    Cujos  praesentiam  dam  populo  indicasset^  formam- 

que  omnium  conspectibus  horribilem  ex  imperio  denudaaset, 
requisitus  quid  ejusdem  monstri  tam  petulans  lastitia  proten- 
deret,  ille  mortem  regis  regnique  mutationem  proximam  esse 
denunciat.  Post  hsec  vero  infira  septem  dies  et  rex  occi- 
ditur  et  regnum  mutatur. 

19.  Sepulto  apud  Glastoniam  rege  Edmundo,  suocessit  ei  ^^^^ 
in  regnum  fi:ater  suus  Edredus,  cultor  justitiae  et  pietatis, 


334  VITA  ET  MIRACITLA  DUNSTANI 

Donatan       Denm  valde  diligens.    In   CajoB   conspectu  pater  Donstaiius  Oibccn, 
power  un-     adeo  pretiosns  erat,  ut  omni  eum  hnmano  generi  prsBferret,  ut  P*  ^^' 
^  principem  testamentomm  statueret,   thesaoros    ei   delegaret, 

animam,  corpus  et  regnnm  committeret,  nee  quisqnam  in  toto 
regno  Anglornm  esset  qui  absqne  ejuB  imperio  manum  yel 
pedem  moveret.  Proinde  Dnnstanns  qnaai  rex  et  regis  impe- 
rator  effectns,  virgam  sequitatis  et  justitise  per  omnes  Anglo- 
rum  fines  extendit,  ecclesias  quas  ipse  fundayerat,  aut  ab  aliis 
fundatas  egestas  oppresserat,  amplis  possessionibus  rele- 
vare  curavit. 

Edred  tries  20.  Defimcto  Elphego  Wentanse  urbis  episcopo,  cum 
him  to  be-  rex  Edredus  Dunatano  pastoralem  suscipere  curam  persua- 
S^in-  ^  dere  non  posset,  reginae  matri  suse  EadivaB  verbum  posuit 
Chester.       guadelsB.    Quod  cum  instanter  regina  fecisset,  ille  respon- 

dit ;  "Nolo,"  ait,  "domina,  illud  a  me  expeti  quod  vel  oon- Osbem 
"  cessum  meos  animos  perturbet,  yel  non  concessum  tuos  p.  96. 
**  offendat.  Neque  enim  nescio  quam  difficulter  suam  quisque 
"  ante  tribunal  Christi  causam  agat,  nedum  aliened  cause 
"  cognitor  aut  judex  exsistat."  Cumque  ilia  negantem  suis 
adhuc  rationibus  tenere  yoluisset,  motus  ille  paulisper  ait, 
"  Certissimum  habeto,  domina>  in  diebus  filii  tui  pontificali 
HisreftaaaL  *'  infula  me  non  esse  sublimandum."  Cumque  sopori  mem- 
bra dedisset  adsunt  ei  in  somnis  apostoli  Dei,  Petrus  et 
Paulus  cum  Sancto  Andrea,  gladios  in  manibus  tenentes.  Osbem, 
Elrat  autem  soriptnm  aureis  litteris  in  gladio  Petri,  "  In  p.  97. 
HisTislon  "  principio  erat  Yerbum,  et  Yerbum  erat  apud  Deum,  et 
Swtiefc'^  "  ^®^8  ®^**  Yerbum."  OeBterorum  gladiis  nomina  tenen- 
tium  Bcripta  erant^  Pauli  Paulus,  Andreas  Andreas.  Hos 
gladios  officiosa  benignitate  sibi  obtulerunt.  Interea  Andream 
exhilarate  yultu  aspicit  conniyentem  et  eyangelicis  yerbis 
audit  preecinentem,  ''Tollite  jugum  meum  super  yos,  et  dis- 
"  cite  a  me,  quia  mitis  sum  et  humilis  corde,  et  inyenietis 
"  requiem  animabus  yestris."  Tunc  a  beato  Petro  jussus 
IflByam  extendere,  modicum  crepitantis  ferulsd  ictum  excepit, 
hoc  ab  illo  audiens,  "  Hoc  tibi  sit  et  poena  abjeoti  et  signum 
"  ulterius  non  abjiciendi  pontificatus."  Eyigilans  autem  vir 
Bdred  inter-  Dei  gratias  egit  Deo,  Cujus  munere  ita  se  oonspicit  honora- 
vision.  tum,  et  diyinitus  yisitatum.  Cumque  regi  cuncta  narras- 
set,  ille  yisionem  absolyens  dixit,  **  Quoniam  per  arma  apo- 
'*  stolicsB  benedictionis  potestas  exprimitur  pontificalis,  noyeris 
*'  te  pro  eo  quod  jugum  Domini  contempseris  increpatum,  ant 
"  diyina  eleotione  futnrum  pontificem  designatnm.  Porro 
"  quod  *  in  principio  erat  Yerbum '  gladio  Petri  apostoli 
•*  scriptum^  yidisti,  cum  Yerbum  Dei  sit  unigenitus  Filins 
"  Dei,  Qui  homo  pro  hominibns  inter  homines  factus  est, 


AUCTORE  J.   CAPGRAVIO. 


335 


Osben,       ''  profecto  scias  to  sedis  ejus  principem  fatnmm  qnsB  Christi 
p.  97.  *«  nomine  Cantoarise  honoratur." 


Oflbem, 
p.  98. 


Oibern, 
p.  99.  . 


Osbem, 
p.  100. 


Edred,iick 
unto  death. 
Bends  for 
Dunstan. 


Danstan 

ismira- 

culoiubr 

wamedof 

the  king's 

deatii. 


21.  Interim  vero  rex  Edredos,  lethali   morbo  correptns, 

decidit  in  lectnm,  et  celeriter  nuncios  mittit  qui  patrem  vitas 
SU89  Dunstannm  accersiant,  nt  sit  confessionum  susceptor,  et 
fidelis  apud  Deum  intercessor.  Gontristatos  igitur  Dnnstanns 
quanta  velocitato  potuit,  amionm  regem  invisere  pergit.  Yi- 
dens  antem  ilium  Deus  et  cordis  dolore  affligi  et  corporis 
laborem  pati,  non  est  passus  ut  ultra  ilium  afflictio  tangeret, 
quin  et  dolorem  linirit  et  laborem  imminuit.  Nam  cum  esset 
in  itinere,  et  membra  jejuniis  confecta  fatigaret,  vox  ab 
sBthere  lapsa  insonuit  dicens^  *'  Ecce  rex  Edredus  obdomiivit 
"  in  Domino."  Ad  quam  vocem  equus  cui  insidebat  per- 
cussus  interiit.  Et  suis  rem  aperient  commendavit  animam 
regis  defnncti  in  manu  Begis  aatemi. 

22.  Huic  Edredo  successit  Edwinus,  filius  Edmundi  regis,  Edwy  , 
SBtato  quidem  juvenis  et  nulla  regnandi  gratia  pollens.    Qui 
neque  ipse  sapiens  neque  sapientum  consilio  acquiescens,  sed 
alter  Boboam,  despectis  majoribus  natu,  puerorum  consilia  sec- 
tabatur.    Optimum  reputabat  quemque  rebus  spoliare,  locu-  His  mia- 
pletes  proscribere,   exhasredare  ecclesias,   detrahere  religion!,  8*>^«""°«"** 
in  civitatibus  exaotiones  exercere,  libidine  ardens,  sine  intor- 
missione  sBstuabat  ad  coitum*.     Ob  hoc   Dunstanus   graviter 
offensus,  frequenter  eum  acriter  in  locis  opportunis  increpare  Dunstan 
COepit;  ille  increpantem  ridere,  multa  illi  mala  minari  noilQiAiton- 
timuit.     Postquam  autem  industriam   suam  nihil  prsBvalere  ^^"7* 
videret,  omnino  decrevit  ejus   coUoquio  abstinendum,  sicque 

ad  monasterium  Buum  regressus  est. 

23.  Erat  autem  in  monasterio  turns  exstructa,  quam  Miracle  of 
necdum  uUa  in  supremo  cacumine  toctura  claudebat.  Cumque  beam., 
populus  trabem  totins  opens  sustentatricem  summis  muris 
applicare  contonderet,  repento  ruptis  funibus  eadem  trabes 
deorsum  ruere  ccepit.  Clamor  ingens  fit  tetius  populi,  Dun- 
stanum  iteratis  vocibus  perstrepentis.  At  Diinstamis  elevatam 
dextoram  machined  opposuit,  e  regione  signo  crucis  trabem 
depingit.    I^ecdum  sanota  manus   sanctos  contraxerat  digitos, 

cum  ea  quad  vergere  cceperat  trabes  non  vinculis  astricta,  non 
machinis  levata,  nec  uUo  humani  ingenii  apparatu  sustentata, 
ad  locum  de  quo  ruere  coeperat  revehitiir. 

Translatus  hostis  antiquus  in  speciem   ursi  hiante   rictu 
orantom  aggreditur  Dunstanum,  iiigeotisque  ungulis  pastoralem 


336         VITA  ET  MIRACULA  DUNSTANI 

Dunstan       quam  manu  tenebat  yirgam  complectitur,  atque  ad  se  trahere  0«beni» 
fSSoi?the  conatnr.    At  Danstanas  divinO  spirita  fortiter  roboratus  re-  p.  100. 
devil's  back,  tractum  ad  se  bacalum   erigit  in  sublime,  fngientem  belaam 
dirissime  csddit,  nee  prias  monstram  ceedendo  desistit,  qaam 
flagellam    in   tergo    illius    tribus   in    partibos    comminutum 
apparuit. 

AtEdwys        24.  Yictus  enim    in   se    diabolns,    in   aliis  victorem  sumtf 

^St^x^    vincere  qusBrit.    Nam  rege  prsefato,  eodem  quo  consecratus 

"^""i^^^^^  fuerat   die,    in  torpes    ooncubitas    publice   devoluto,   nemine 
to  call  back    .  -i  .  .  .      -r^        . 

the  king       tamen  eum   redarguere   auso,  pari  omnium  yoto  Dunstanua 

Jj^J*®  ^  oompellitur,  qui  regem  adeat,  divina  humanaque  ratione  regiuxn 

women.        stuprum  oompescat,  mulierem  adulteram  suspehdii  commina- 

tione  percellat.  Quo  facto,  regem  a  moBchali  tore  violenter 
abstrazit,  positaqne  in  capite  ejus  corona  coram  archiepi- 
scopo  Odone  adduxit.  Itaque  mulieris  animum  diabolus  in-  Osbern, 
stigat,  regis  iram  mulier  ezaltat :  ambo  exsilium  Dunstano  P*  101* 
intentant.  Omnes  monachorum  ecclesias,  urgente  regis  edicto, 
Buis  rebus  spoliabantur,  et  descriptis  omnibus  cum  ipse  pro- 
scriptus  fuisset,  inter  lacrymas  monachorum  et  gemitus  pau- 
Heis  perum  audita  es    in  atrio  templi  vox  plaudentis  diaboli  quasi 

leave  Glas-    VOX    juvenculsB   acriter    atque   minute    cacbinnantis.      Quem 
tonbuiy.       Dunstanus  severa  fronte  suspioiens,  "Nibil,"  ait,  "super  ex-  (Job. 
"  silio  meo  gratuleris,  quoniam   plus  est  quod  me  redeunte  ^T^^' 
**  doleas,  quam  quicquid  me   exsulante  laetari  yaleas."    Q^Op^Jj^n"^* 
dicto  malignus  ille  confestim  abscessit. 
Hegoeflto        Dunstanus    vero    in    Flandriam    navigans    in   monasterio 
Fianden.     Qandavensi  arctissimam  vitam  duxit.     Nee  tamen  cessat 
mulieris   vesania    quin    omnibus    qui    Dunstanum    bospitio 
foverant  perscrutatis,  proscriptis,  dampnatis,  ipsiusque  oculis  Osbeni, 
eruendis,    iniquitatis    ministros   rex    transmitteret.     Yerum  p.  102.  I 

divina  dementia  miserante  ilium  ante  Gallia  suscepit,  quam  ] 

servi    Jezabelis    fluctus    maris    attigissent.      Exsulat    itaque 
Tirulenoe  of  Dimstanus,  nulla  exsilii  dampna  deplorans,  dum  suis  meritis 
e  women.  .^^  ^j^.  ^j^j^gg  devinciret,   ut  patriam  esse  exsilium  putaret. 

nium  quoque  ax)08toli  Andrese  consolatio  fovit,  qui  nulHus 
rei  quam  ipse  expeteret  eum  indigere  permisit. 

The  north       25.  InsuTgunt  interim  contra  regem  omnes  ab  Humbre 

poMEdwy    fluvio   usque  Tbamisim,  et   ipsnm    cum  adultera  fugientem 

B^arf^      persequuntur,  et   qua   digna   fuerat  jnorte    comprehensam 

adulteram  mulotant,  et  regem  latebras  quserentem  usque 

Cantiam    fugere   compellunt.      Deinde    accito    fratre   ejus 

Edgaro,   super  provincias    inter    aquas    prsedictas    regem 


AUCTORE  J.   CAPORAVIO. 


337 


Otbenij 
p.  108. 


Osbeni, 
p.  104. 


Oibeni, 
p.  105. 


Btatnnnt.    Edwinus  vero  flagitia  non  deserens  in  Cantiae 
regno  aliqnamdiu  tyrannizat. 

26.  Edgarns    ad    regimen    regni     assmnptus    concilium  EdgarW 
convocat,  iniqna    fratris   decreta  annihilat,   a    fratre    ablata  gtas.     "' 
restituity  Danstannm  ab  ezsilio  in  magna  gloria  revocat,  neo 
ante  a  precibiis  quiescere  yoluit  quam  pastoralem   curam 
Wigomiensis  ecclesisB  Dunstanus  snsciperet.     Qui  Cantua-  Hebeoomea 
riam    sacrandns    adveniens    ab    Odone    archiepiscopo    cum  Worcester, 
honore   maximo   susceptns    est,  et  consecrationis  ministe- 
riam,  non  quasi  super,  antitistem  sed   super  archiepiscopum 
Cantuariensem  hilariter  complevit.     Ob  hoc  a  clero  repre- 
hensus   sic  respondit:      ''Si   divinis    humana   non    cederent,  Hiaoonae- 
**  jure  mihi  hominum  auctoritas  prsdtendi  posset ;   nunc  vero, 
"  quoniam  auctor  omnium  Deus  est,  non  possum  illud  non 
**  facere,  quod  faciendum  Spiritus  Dei  dignatus  est  prcecipere. 
"  Erit  namque  beatus  iste  prozimus  post  mortem  meam  hujus 
"  sedis  archiepiscopus,  et  adversus  mundi  principem  fortissimus 
"  prsBliator." 


cration. 


27.  Interea  mortuo  impiissimo  rege  Edvrino,  atque  in 
sortem  malignorum  spirituum  translate,  Dunstanus  in  ecclesia 
cui  prffierat  enm  orationibus  vacaret,  ecce  tartarea  cohors 
sub  ejus  aspectu  exsultando  quasi  chorum  ducere,  et  veluti 
de  capta  prseda  lastas  victorias  agere  ecepit.  Inquirit  Dun- 
stanus causam  Isetitias:  audit  regem  obiisse,  animam  illius 
gehennalibus  statim  incendiis  tradendam,  sed  prius  hoc  sibi 
ex  diyino  imperio  nunciandum  fore,  liotus  idcirco  pietate 
Dunstanus  in  terram  prosternitur ;  copiosus  ex  oculis  lacry- 
marum  imber  producitur ;  pulsat  Deum  precibus,  nee  orando 
quiescit  quousque  spiritum  regis  liberatum  agnoscit.  Feracta 
autem  brevi  mora,  redit  tristis  legio  infemalis,  magnoque 
clamore  in  has  voces  erumpit:  "Ote  pessimum  hominem, 
"  0  fidei'  alienum,  0  nostris  beneficiis  semper  ingratum. 
"  Nos  detulimus  obsequium,  tu  nobis  retulisti  supplicium; 
"  ad  ulciscendas  iigurias  tuas  de  regione  tenebrarum  veni- 
"  mus,  et  ecce  adversis  imprecationibus  tuis  confusi  redimus." 
Cumque  ille  depromendee  veritatis  prsBceptum  dsemonibus  in- 
diceret,  agnoscit  animam  regis  angelica  virtute  illis  sublatam, 
ad  statutum  terminum  sub  signaculo  servatam;  nihil  juris  in 
illam  daemones  habere,  sed  in  sortem  poenitentium  animarum 
eandem  cedere.  Tunc  ille  •  ezsultans  in  Domino  furores  illo- 
rum  tali  ratione  compescuit.  "Quid/'  inquit,  "injusti  actum 
"  est  vobis?   Si  peccavit  homo  iste,  in  Christum  et  in  me 

Y 


On  Edwy's 
death  Dun- 
stan  sees  his 
aool  carried 
off  by  derils. 


He  obtains 
its  release. 


Hisargn- 
ment  with 
the  devils. 


338 


VITA  ET  MIRACULA  DUNSTANI 


Dunstftn       *'  peccavit:   sed  quoniam  meas  propter  Christum  dimiBi  in- Osbeni 
devils^  ^  ^  ''  jurias,  dimisit  et  Suas  Christus,  cum  Ejus  ego  olementiam  P*  106. 
*'  deprecatus  sum.    Quod  ergo  Christus  et  ego  dignati  sumns 
''  clementer   indulgere,  vos  qua   temeritate  audetis   improbe 
*'  reprehendere  P"    Qua  sententia  spiritus  maligm  quasi  sagitta 
percus^,  velut  muscSB  a  vento  raptse  dissiliunt. 

He  is  chosen  28.  DefuBCto  Londoniensi  episcopo,  rogatu  regis  et  prin- 
London.  cipum  Dunstanus  successione  donatur ;  a  dvibus  urbis,  im- 
portunis  vocibus,  nomen  illius  acclamatur.  I^eque  ilium  juvit 
excusatio  canonum  auctoritate  prsstensa,  qui  duas  ecolesias 
uni  episcopo  fieri  posse  non  permittunt.  Sicque  utrique  Osbern, 
ecclesiae,  Londoniensi  scilicet  et  Wigomiensi  -prsBsidens,  P*  ^®®' 
utramque  regens,  utriusque  proprius  episcopus  fuit.  Sicque 
gladium  Fauli  babuit,  quem  sibi  destiuatum  olim  ipse  detulit^ 
et  ad  dividendos  ecclesi®  inimicos  habendum  tradidit. 


Elfsin's 
ambition. 


Ododies;         29.  Mortuo  quoquc  archiepisoopo  Odone,  cum  rex  Dun- 

oeeds.     '    stanum   adjuraret   ut  archiepiscopatum    sumeret^  nee   ille 

adjuranti    ulla   ratione   assensum   prseberet^  Elsinus    Winto- 

niensis  episcopus,  paratis  advocatis,*  quorum  manus  impleverat, 

surrepto  regis  edicto  Cantuariam  intrusus  est. 

Hie  enim'   et  ante   Odonem  archiepiscopatum   ambierat, 
sed  custos  ecclesisB  Susb  Christus  ambitionem  illius  impedie- 
bat.'    Prime  itaque  apud  Cantuariam  exceptionis  suae  die 
non    abstinuit    quin    conceptas    mente    furias    evomeret,    et 
tumbam  beati  Odonis  pedibus  pulsans,  ait,  "Fessime  senex, 
animam  effudisti,  sero  satis  te  meliori  locum  fecisti!    Ita- 
que quod  diu    concupivi,  te  invito  teneo,  undo  tibi  malas 
grates   ago."     Cum  autem  cubili  se    dedisset,    vidit  beati 
Odonis  effigiem  improperare  conVitium,   minari  exitum.    Hie 
yero,  qui  volatico  phantasmate  se  putabat  eludi,  ad  reoipien- 
He  is  frozen  dum  pallium  Bomam  pergit;  per   Alpes  transiit,  ubi  nivali 
theiJps.^^  frigore  congelatus  exenteratorum  equorum   spirantibus  adhuo 
extis    pedes,    quibus    tumbam    Odonis  pulsaverat,    involvit;^ 


He  insults 
Odo. 


(C 


(( 


(( 


Osbem, 
p.  107. 

wm.M«i- 

mesb.G.P. 
§17. 

WiU.Mal. 
mesb.  G.  P. 
§17. 
(Joh. 
Tynem. 

HlBt. 

Aurea, 
p.  381) 


'  paratis  advocaUs  .  .  .  intnuus 
esf]  From  William  of  Malmesbury, 
Gesta  Pontificam,  lib.  i.  ed.  Hamil- 
ton, p.  25. 

^  Hie  enim]  The  foUowing  para- 
graph is  partly  from  Osbera,  but 
principally  from  William  of  Mal- 
mesbory,  who  seemfi  to  have  taken 


the  story  -with  more  or  less  modifi- 
cation from  Eadmer's  life  of  Odo, 
Angl.  %ac.  it.  85. 

'  Hie  .  •  .  inq>ediebat]  Osbeni, 
above,  p.  107. 

*  Primo  .  .  .  invotvii]  fix)m  Wil- 
liam of  Malmesbury,  Gesta  Pontifi- 
cum,  i.  §  17.    From  this  point  the 


AUOTORE  J.  CAPGRAVIO. 


339 


OsberDy 
p.  107. 


He  dies. 


Osbero, 
p.  108. 


Job. 
Tynem. 
Hist 
Aurea, 
p.  324. 

Osbem, 
p.  109. 


(Joh. 
Tynem. 
Hist. 
Aurea, 
p.  825.) 
Osbern, 
p.  109. 
Eadmer, 
p.  204. 

Osbem, 
p.  109. 


Osbern, 
p.  110. 


Birhthdlm 
succeeds, 
and  is  re- 
moved. 


Dunstan 
succeeds. 

Appeanmoe 
of  the  dove 
on  his  first 
visit  to 
Canterbury. 


et  sic  mi  sere  interiit,  at  qui  ab  amore  ocBlestimn  frignisset  in 
corde,  per  frigoris  asperitatem  periret  in  corpore,  et  qui 
aUenos  bonores  ambire  prsBsompsisset,  ipse  in  aliena  regione 
mortuns  bonorem  pariter  et  yitam  amitteret.  Iterum  preces 
Dunstano  de  arcbiepiscopatn  fnnduntur,  nee  quicquam  in 
animo  illins  consensus  operantur.  Quapropter  Bertbelinus 
Dorsetensium  episcopus  ad  archiepiscopatum  assumptus^  et 
post  pancos  dies  ad  tantum  onus  minus  idoneus  inventus, 
non  sine  'verecundia  rediit  ad  ecclesiam  suam.  Dunstanus 
igitur,  regis  et  episcoporum  importunitate  superatus,  ad 
archiepiscopatum  electus  est. 

Bomam  profectus,  a.  papa  Jobanne  pallium  suscepit,  et  An- 
gliam  rediit. 

Primo  enim  apud  Cantuariam  adventus  sui  die,  cu^^  sa- 
cris  altaribus  assisteret,  et  populo  Dei  vivificum  panem  distri- 
baendo  porrigeret^  repente  contecta  nube  domo,  columba  de 
coelo  descendens,  quousque  sacrificium  fuisset  consummatum, 
super  ilium  mansit.  Peracto  autem  sacrificio,  requievit 
super  tumbam  Beati  Odonis,  qusB  in  modum  pjramidis  ad 
australem  partem  altaris  constructa  fuit.  Ex  qua  die  sanctum 
Odonem  ita  Dunstanus  reyeritus  est,  ut  nunquam  pertrans- 
iret  nisi  genua  flecteret,  bonumque  ilium  vocaret,  ita  dicens, 
**  Bequiescat  Odo  bonus." 

Dedicabat  aliquaodo  Dunstanus  ecclesiam  cujusdam  nobilis, 
ubi  dum  aqua  deficeret  ad  ministerium,  et  ille  nobilis  turba- 
retur,  prsdmissa  ad  Deum  prece,  baculo  terram  percussit,  et 
arida  rupes  aquam  produxit,  quae  usque  bodie  manans,  ac 
salutiferum  poculum  prssbens,  Dunstani  nomen  celebre  facit.^ 

30.  Cum  enim  a  forensibus  rebus  requies  data  fuisset,  tunc  His  dally 
secretins  cum  Deo  manere  coepit,  sacris  vigiliis  insistendo,  S^tsf' 
divinas  script uras  legendo,  aut  earum  codices  emendando. 
Summumque  ei  studium  fuit  ut  nunquam  a  divinis  operibus 
yacaret ;  sed  nunc  yerum  judicium  inter  yirum  et  yirunx  dis- 
cemere,  nunc  impacatas  bominum  mentes  placido  sermone 
tranquillare ;  horum  inepta  dissolyere  conjugia,  illorum  biere- 


He  brings 
Trater  out  of 
a  rock. 


traces  of  a  third  authority  besides 
Osbem  and  Eadmer,  which  is  also 
represented  in  tbe  Historia  Aurea 
of  John  of  Tynemouth,  become 
apparent.  A  few  occasional  words 
before  noted  are  borrowed  from  this 
source,  bat  now  whole  clauses  ap- 


pear. The  MS.  of  the  Historia 
Aurea  referred  to  is  the  MS.  Bod]. 
240. 

*  DeScabat  .  .  .  faeit']  A  piece 
of  patchwork  from  Osbem  and  Ead- 
mer, but  taken  directly  from  the 
Historia  Aurea. 

Y   2 


340 


VITA  ET  MIRACnjLA  DUNSTANI 


ticam  refutare  opinionem ;  hie  neglecta  revocare,  ilUc  nova  Osbern, 
constmere,  viduis,  orphanis  ac  peregrinis  ex  jastis  ecclesise  P*  ^  l^* 
redditibns  subvenire.  Proinde  rex  consilio  ejus  ut  vitaB  suae 
credens,  et  omne  quod  ab  eo  diceretur,  quasi  ab  Omnipotentis 
ore  prolatum  fuisset,  suscipiens,  qusBCunque  statuenda  eraut 
Pungtan's  statuit,  qusBcunque  damnanda  damnayit.  Omnes  ecclesiarum 
SalrefOTms.  ministros,  qui  aut  venandi  studio  intend,  aut  quBBStuosis  ne- 
gotiis  dediti,  sen  fomicationis  insolentia  deturpati,  SBtatem 
agere  solebant,  aut  districta  animadversione  decrevit  coher- 
cendos,  aut  de  ecclesiis  expellendos.  Unde  factum  est  ut 
quarundam  clarissimarum  ecclesiarum  ministri,  dum  yolupta- 
tem  honestati  praeferrent,  regali  sanctione  de  eisdem  ecclesiis 
expulsi,  melioribuB  se  et  alterius  ordinis  viris  sua  loca  relin- 
querent. 

Sin  of  Edgar     31.  Hostis  enim  antiquus  totius  ecclesisd  gaudia  cupiens  Osbera, 
^|^J7^*^***  disturbare,    accendit  animum  regis   in  amorem  Deo  sacratfie  P- m* 
yirginis,  ut   quoniam   a   tramite  justitisd  Dunstanum  dejicere 
non  posset,  eum   quern  praacipue  diligebat  dejiceret.    Perpe- 
trate itaque  in  virginem  yelatam  peccato,  atque  ad  publicam 
populi  audientiam  perlato,    Dunsta^us  tarn  pro   culpa   quam 
pro  regis  infamia  grayissimo  dolore  affectus,  mox  ilium  yeluti 
alterum  David    redarguendum    alter   ille   Nathan   intrepidus  (Job. 
adiit.     Cui   assurgens  rex,  cum  manum   extenderet^   ut  eum  Tynem. 
ad   regium  thronum    deduceret,   ille    renuens    manum    dare,  ^**** 
oculos  cum  indignatione  in  ilium  torsit,  et  ait;  ''Tu  pontifiois      ^24') 
**  manum  audes  tangere,  qui  virginem  Deitatis  munere  ar* 
**  rhatam  non   timuisti  praeripere  P     Sponsam  Conditoris  tui 
"  adulterasti,  et  amicum  Sponsi  aliquo  tuo  obsequio  existimas 
"  posse  placari?    Nolo   amicus  esse   cui  Christus  fuerit  ini- 
**  micusP"     Territus    ergo    verborum    tonitruo   rex  pedibus 
Dunstani  prostemitur ;  scelus  flebiliter  fatetur,  veniam  humi-  Osbern, 
liter  precatur.    Quod  ut  vidit  pontifex,  expavit,  perfusumque  P- 112. 
regem  lacrjmis,   lacrymis   et   ipse   madens,  de  terra  levavit. 
Denique  cum  magnitudinem  peccati  exposuisset,  et  paratum 
ilium  ad  omnem  satisfactionem  reddidisset,  septennem  ei  poeni- 
tentiam  indixit,  ut  in  toto  hoc  spatio  coronam  regni  non  ges- 
taret,  jejunium  in  hebdomada  biduanum  transigeret ;  thesauros 
suos  pauperibus  large  dispergeret:   super  haBC  sacrandis  Deo 
virginibus  monasterium  SeptonisB  fundaret,  quatenus  qui  unam 
per  peccatum  Deo  virginem  abstulisset,  plures  Ei  per  plura 
saeculi  volumina  aggregaret;  clericos  etiam  malaa  actionis  de 
ecclesiis  propelleret,  monachorum  agmina  introduceret,  justas 
Deoque  acceptas  leges   sanciret,  et   per  omnes  fines  regni 
populis  onstpdiendas  mandaret.    Nihil  enim  erat  quod  minus 


DuDfltan 
reproves 
him. 


Edgar's  re- 
pentonoe. 


Hispen- 
anoea. 


AUCTORE  J.   CAPGRAVIO. 


341 


OsbcrOi 
p.  112. 


(Job. 
TyDem. 
Hist 
Aurea, 
p.  326.) 


Eadmer, 
p.  209. 


Uigden, 

Folycr. 

lib.  vi.    • 

Liber  de 

Hyda, 

p.  179. 

(Job. 

Tynem. 

Hist. 

Aurea, 

p.  326.) 


aut  segnius  rex  impleret  quam  a  rectore  vitaB  suffi  prsBceptum 
faisset.  Elapso  tandem  septennalis  poenitentiffi  termino, 
congregatis  omnibus  Angliae  principibus,  episcopis  et  abba- 
tibus,  imposuit  regi  coronam  coram  onmi  multitudine  populi 
Anglorum,  cunotis  IsBtantibns,  et  Deum  in  Sancto  Dunstano 
laudantibus.  Paerom  vero  ex  peccatrioe  quondam  progeni- 
tum,  sacro  fonte  regeneratum,  levavit,  Edwardum  ilium  vo- 
cavit,  et  in  filium  sibi  adoptavit. 

Willelmus^  in  libro   secundo    Pontificum,   et   etiam 

Histoiise  noimullffi  asserunt  E^dgarum  ex  prima  uxore 
genuisse  Edwardum,  ex  secunda  Ethelredum,  et  tandem  de 
Wilfritba  genuisse  Editbam  yirginem  sanctam.  Hano  enim 
Wilfritbam  non  vere  sanctimonialem,  sicut  opinio  vulgaris 
delirat,  sed  timore  regis  Edgari,  eam  illicite  conoupiscentis, 
proprio  arbitrio  esse  velatam  constat.  Unde  legitur'  quod 
cum  apud  Wintoniam  rex  veniret,  quandam  puellam  in  communi 
habitu  speciosissimam  videns  et  concupiscens  pro  ilia  misit. 
Qu89  timens  pudori  suo  raptum  velum  a  quadam  sanctimo- 
niali  capiti  suo  imposuit,  et  sic  ad  regem  ivit.  Quam  videns 
ille,  ait,  "  Quam  subito  sanctimonialis  effecta  es ! "  Et  ablato 
velo  renitenti  vim  intulit;  et  secundum  quod  prsedicitur  sep- 
tennem  poenitentiam  egit.  Ilia  quoque  partu  explicito,  volup- 
tati  renuncians,  religiose  vixit,  sanctaque  celebratur  apud 
Wiltboniam,  ut  asseritur. 

Illis  enim  diebus  multis  in  locis  abjectis  oleiicis,  insolen- 
ter  viventibus,  monacbi  instituimtur.  Nam  clerici  laborem 
cbori  fugientes,  et  bona  ecclesiae  pro  libito  suo  illicite  consu- 
mentes,  vicarios  parum  ad  victum  babentes  loco  sui  constitue- 
runt.  Sed  cum  sa)pius  admoniti  non  corrigerentur,  rex  prse- 
bendas  clericorum  vicariis  prsefatis  contulit.  Sed  et  illi  in 
personatum  promoti  vicarios  sibi  facientes,  prioribus  pejores 
facti  sunt.  Bex  igitur  turbatus,  annuente  papa,  monacbos 
introduxit.' 


After  seven 
years  he  is 
crowned. 


William  of 

Malmes* 

bury'sao* 

count  of 

Edgar's 

wives. 


Another  ac- 
count of  the 
veiled  virgin. 


Monastic 
abuses  and 
reforms. 


Eadmer, 
pp.  200, 
201. 
(Job. 
Tynem. 
Hist. 
Aorea, 
p.  824.) 


32.  Eo  tempore^  quidam   comes  duxerat  cognatam  suam,  et  Dunstan 
correptus   a   Dunstano  parere  holuit.     Excommunicatur  ille ;  unlawfnf 
adiit  regem  conquerens   de  Dunstano.    Bex  mandavit  archi-  °i»«™Be» 
episcopo  ut  eum  absolveret,  qui  noluit,   sed  eum  gravius  ex- 


>  William  of  Mahnesbuiy,  Gesta  | 
Begum,  lib.  ii.  §  159,  Gesta  Ponti- 
ficum, ii.  §  87. 

'  The  following  Yersion  of  the 
story  is  from  Eadmer,  above,  p.  209. 


Polycronicon,  lib.  vi.  (ed.  Gale,  p. 
264)  ;  through  the  Historia  Aurea. 
*  The    following  story  is    taken 
from    Eadmer,  above,  p.  200,  ap- 
parently through  John  of   Tyne- 


'  This  paragraph  is  from  Higden's  I  mouth. 


342 


VITA   ET  MIRACULA  DUNSTANI 


Heresuts 
the  pope's 
oommand. 


communicavit.     Ille  Eomam  cum  multis  mtmeribus  misit,  et  Eadmer, 
apostolicus   mandavit  Dunstano    ut    eum  absolveret.     '*  Absit  P- 201. 
"  hoc,"  in  quit  Dunstanus,  **  ut  causa  alicujus  mortalis  homi-  ^,^^ 
"  nis  contemnam  legem  Dei  mei."    Quod  videns  comes  pee-  ^^^^ 
nituit,   et  uxorem  suain   repudiavit,  nudisque  pedibus,   laneis  Aurea, 
indutus,  virgamque   in  manu   gerens,  cecidit  ad  pedes   Dun-  P-  324.) 
stani,  et  tunc  primo  absolutus  est. 


Three 

ooiners  con- 
demned to 
mutilation. 


Dunstan 
will  not  say 
mass  until 
their  punish- 
ment has 
been  in- 
flicted. 


Appearance 
of  the  holy 

dOTO; 


His  chasuble 
miAcu- 
lously  held 
up. 


He  turns 
Mayfleld 
church  to 
the  east. 


33.  Quodam  tempore  capti   sunt  tres   fabricatores  falssB  mo-  Eadxner, 
netaB,   qui   mox   adjudicati  sunt  ad   manuum   absoisionem,  efPP-  ^^^9 
Dunstanum  non  latuit.      Die  autem  Pentecostes  celebraturus  ^j  ; 
Missam,  percunctatus   est  utrum  lex  impleta  esset ;   respon-  Tynem. 
sum  est  propter  reverentiam   diei  dilatam  esse  pcenam  usque  Hist, 
in  diem  alterum.     **Nequaquam,"  in  quit,  **  ad  altare  ego  bodie  Aurea, 
*'  ascendam,  donee  debitam  sustinnerint  pcenam;  nam  nego- P*  ^^^'^ 
'*  tium  ad  me  respicit."    Ipsi  enim  viri  in  potestate  ejus  erant. 
Dixit,  et  pro  eis  qui  manus  perdituri  erant,  multum  plorans,  os- 
tendit  de  qua  affectione  hoc  dixit.     Quibus  punitis  ascendit  ad 
altare  lota  facie,  dicens,  ''Kunc   confide   quod  sacrificium  de 
**  manu  mea  suscipiet  Onmipotens."    In  qua  Missa  dum  diceret, 
"  Ecclesiam   Tuam  quam  pacificare,  custodire,  adunare  et  re- 
**  gere  digneris,"  nivea  columba  super  eum  multis  videntibus 
descendit,    et  alis   Qxpansis   super   caput   ejus  sic    mansit    in 
silentio  usque  dum  sacrificium  compleretur.    Quo  impleto  di- 
yertit  super  tumbam  Odonis,  quondam  archiepiscopi,  alls  suis 
eam  complexans,  et  rostro  deosculans.    Unde  Dunstanus,  quo- 
ties   postea  sepulcrum    illius   pertransivit,    ut  prsemittitur,      , 
genua  flexit  et  eum   postea  Odonem  so  goode,  id  est,  Odo- 
nem  bonum  appellavit. 

Dum  autem  digrederetur  ab  altari,  ministris  pro  signo  quod  Eadmer, 
acciderat  in   di versa    euntibus,    non   fuit    qui    casulam    illius  P«  204. 
susciperet.    Quae  pependit  in  aere,  nee  terram  tetigit,  ne  ser-  Jp^g^^ 
vum  Dei  a  sua  intentione  turbaret.  Hist. 

Cum   autem   Dunstanus   quandam   dedicaret  ecclesiam,  Aurea, 

D.  S25.) 
et  illam  vidisset  versus  brientem   non   esse  conversam,  hu- 

mero   suo    parum   suppressit   eam,    et   mox    fertur    eam   ad 

orientem  se  convertisse.     Villa  autem  in  qua  hoc  factum 

legitur  Magavelda  vocabatur. 


Changes  on 

Edgar's 

death. 


34.  Post  mortem  vcro  Edgari  regis,  status  regni  turbatio-  joh. 
nem  pertulit ;    nam   plures  magnates,    ejectis    monachis   de  Tynem. 
magnis   monasteriis,  quos  rex  Edgarus  et  Dunstanus  institue-  ^^' 
rant,  clericos  cum   uxoribus  reduxerunt.     Coacto  super  hoc  ^'^oor* 
apud  Wintoniam  consilio,  imago  Crucifix!,  in  capite  refectorii 


AUCTORE  J.   CAPGRAVIO. 


343 


Eadmer, 

p.  218. 

Joh. 

Tynem. 

Hist. 

Aurea, 

p.  325. 

p.  118. 


Osbern, 
p.  114. 


modo  looata,  bmnanas  exprimens  voces  dixit,  "Absit  hoc  ut 
fiat,  absit  hoc  at  fiat!  judioastis  bene,  mntaretiB  non  bene."^ 
Ad  quam  vocem  omnes,  incredibiliter  perterriti,  clamore 
pariter  et  Dei  landatione  areazn  complent.    Hanc  enim  ima- 

ginem  ego  Johannes  Wintoniae  vidi  in  capite  refectorii 
monachonim  Sancti  Swithuni  in  altum  erectam,  et  in 
pariete  supra  caput  imaginis  sic  scriptum  erat, 

"  Humano  more  crux  prsesens  edidit  6re, 
"  Ccelitus  affata  quae  prospicis  hie  subarata ; 
"  Absit  hoc  ut  fiat," 

et  csetera  superius  memorata.  His  enim  adversariis  vi- 
dentibus  cessatum  est  a  contentione,  qnonsqne  per  succes- 
sionem  filiomm  prior  discordia  renovaretur.  Quibus  in  villa 
nomine  Calne  Donstanus  sic  respondit :  "  Qnoniam,  senes- 
*'  cente  me,  antiquis  querelis  deservire  contenditis,  fateor,  vine! 
**  nolo,  ecolesiae  Suae  oansam  Christo  judici  committo."  Dixit, 
et  quod  dixit  irati  Dei  censnra  firmavit.  jMox  etenim  concussa 
domns ;  oodnactdani  sab  pedibns  est  solatnm :  hostes  solo  prsB- 
cipitati,  ac  raentiam  trabiom  pondere  sunt  oppressi.  Ubi 
vero  cam  sais  sanctns  accababat,  ibi  nnlla  roinsB  saffnsio  erat. 


Miracle  at 
the  council 
of  Winches- 
ter. 

The  writer 
has  seen  the 
memorial 
of  it. 


Miracalous 
escape  of 
Dunstanat 
Calne. 


(Joh. 
Tfnem. 
Hist. 
Aarea, 
p.  825.) 


OsbeTo, 
p.  115. 


35.  Edgaro  rege   mortao,   et  Edwardo  ad   regnam  relicto,  Dunstan 
J,  .ji  ..  .  iixTkj.  J.    secures  the 

dum  qaidam  prmcipes  acqaiescere  nollent,  Dunstanns  arrepto  succession 

crucis  vexillo  in  medio  oonstitit ;   Edwardam '  illis    ostendit,  ^'  Edward, 
elegit,  sacravit;  patrisque  ac  magistri  afiectam  quoad  vixit  ei 
impendit.     Sed  illo   post  trienniam   novercal!   fraade  occiso, 
successit  Ethelredus   frater  suus.    Attamen  in  die  consecra- 
tionis  BusB,  post  impositam  coronam,  fertar  Danstanas  hoc  illi 
prsedixisse :    ''  Qnoniam  aspirasti  ad  regnum  per  mortem  fra-  His  pio- 
**  tris   tai,    in    cujus    sanguine    conspiravemnt   Angli,'    cum  JtS^yJ^*"** 
ignominiosa  matre  tna,  non  deficiet  gladias  de  domo  tua,  hiscorona- 
ssaviens    in    te    omnibns    diebas    vitsB  tasB,  interficiens    de 
semine  tao,  qaoasqae  regnam  taam  transferatar  in  rognam 
alienam,   cajus  ritam  et  lingnam    gens  cui  prsesides  non 
novit.    Nee  expiabitar  nisi  longa  vindicta  peccatam  tanm, 
et  peccatam  matris  tnee,  et  peccatam  virorum  qai  interfnere 
consilio  illias  neqaam." 


'  judicnslis  ,  .   bene]  From  Ead- 
mer. 
-  /«  cujus  .  .  .  Angli]  from  Hig- 


den,  Poly  or.,  vi.  p.  269  ;  also 
Hist.  Aurea. 


344  VITA  ET  MIRACULA  DUNSTANI 

Prophecy  o£      Hic   etiam   Ethelredus   dam  pusiolus  a  Dunstano  baptiza- ^^^ 
DunstAo*  ...  «  ,-  Xthciii. 

retar,  minxit  in  sacro  fonte ;  niide  et  beatoB  Danstanas  prsB-  Hist 

dixit  exterminiam  ADgloram  tempore  ejus  futarom.  Aurea, 

p.  834.) 
Dunstui  36.   Contigit  eniTTl  Ethelwaldnm  Wintoniensem  Qpiscopum  Osbem, 

death  of  the  <5um  Eoffensi  episcopo  Cantuariam  venire.  Quibus  cum  PP- ^^^> 
wincSeiter  magno  gaudio  susceptis,  cum  tandem,  ad  sua  reverti 
a»d  Boohea-  yellent,  confestim  Dunstanus  empit  in  fletum ;  fletnm  adeo 
magnum  ut  vix  loqui  posset.  Inquisitus  cur  fleret,  ait: 
**  Ea  re/*  inquit,  "fleo,  quoniam  vos  in  proximo  morifcuros 
**  soio."  "Noli,"  inquiunt,  "pater  sancte,  tam  dira  nobis 
"  prophetia  occurrere."  Et  ille,  "Quod  dixi  uecesse  est  fieri. 
"  Moriemini  enim  huic  sbbcuIo,  sed  vivetis  cum  Deo.  Nec 
"  in  hac  vita  diutius  manere  debetis,  Bed  setemaliter  cum 
"  lUo  vioturi  pergetis  ad  Deum."  Et  infra  paucos  dies, 
sicut  prsBdixerat,  ambo  episcopi  mortui  sunt. 

He  is  37.  Defuncto    ut    prsemittitur  episcopo    Ethelwaldo,    et  ( Joh. 

rSdrew    de   eligendo  pontifice   habita  dissensione,  oravit  Dun-S2*™" 

tooonse-         i.  j    -r^       •  i  xust. 

cr»te  Elfege.  Stanus   ad  Dommum    ut  dignaretur  ostendere  quia  regendse  Aurea, 

ecclesiae   deberet    idoneus    pastor   succedere.      Et    ecce  ^'  ^^^'^ 
affuit  Andreas  apostolus  dicens  ;  "  Quid,  carissime,  contrista- 

ris  ?     Surge  et  Elphego  abbati   mauum   impone,  eumque  Oebem, 
"  desolatsB  ecclesiaB  sacerdotem  constitue.    Nec  te  aliquorum  V-  ^*^^i 
"  prohibeat  potentia,  quia  nou  ab  homine  sed  a  Deo  processit  f'^f'  "* 
"  hwo  sententia."  »  "®- 

Ethelred  38.  Dum  enim  rex  Ethelredus  propter  quasdam  dissensiones  Osbern, 

Boo^Ser     urbem  obsideret  BolBensem,  patrimonium  beati  AndresB  apo-P-*^^- 

DiSSte^.-^^  ^^^  devastando  invasit     Mandavit  ei  Dunstanus  a  stultitia 

quiescere,  Andream  sicut  ad  prsBstandum  facilem,  sic  ad  ulcis- 

cendum  virilem  in  promptu  esse,  ut  potentiam  illius  ipse  ex- 

periatur,    si  hsereditatem  illius  vexare  non   destiterit.     Con- 

temptus   a  rege   Dunstanus  iberum  eadem  suggerit,  insuper 

argenti  pondo  centum  transmittit.    Quo  accepto  ab  obsidione 

recessit.     Miratur  Dunstanus  hominis  cupiditatem ;  hoc  illi 

confestim  scripsit :  "  Quia  prcefculisti  peouniam  Deo,  argentum 

Dunstan's     "  apostolo,  meaa  voluntati  tuam  cupiditatem,  velociter  venient 

to?^f*      "  8^P«r  ^  mala  quie  looutus   est  Dominus,  mala  qualia  non 

"  fuerunt   ex   quo  gens  Ajiglorum  regnare  coepit  usque  ad 

"  tempus  illud.    Ac  tamen  vivente  me  ista  non  erunt,  quoniam 

"  et  hoc  locutus  est  Dominus." 


Quid .  .  .  aententid]  From  Osbem's  life  of  S.  Elfege,  Aug.  Sac.  ii.  126. 


AUCrrOBE  J.  CAFQRAVIO. 


345 


(Joh. 

Hist 
Aurea, 
p.  325.) 
Eadmer, 
p.  205. 
Osbern, 
p.  117. 

Eadmer, 
p.  206. 


Osbern, 
p.  1^8. 


Eadmer, 

p.  206. 

(Joh. 

Tjnem. 

Hist. 

Aoreft, 

p.  325.) 

Eadmer, 
p.  207. 

(Job. 
Tynem. 
EList. 
Aarea, 
p.  333.) 


39.  Quadam  nocie  dum   dormiret  Dunstanus^    per  visum  inadraam 
rapttis   est^  in  coelum,  efe  intererat   beatis  agminibus  illi3*  moth^ 
Oblectabatur    modulationibus    angelorum     suam     genitricem  gJJ^^  ***  • 
quasi   nuptiali  thalamo   aeiemo  Bege  oopulantiutn,   et   suave 

Kjrie  elejson  et  hymnis  et  laudibus  moidulantibus  organicis 
resonantium.  Quibus'  dum  ipse  magnifice  delectatus  inten- 
derei,  aocessit  ad  eum  quidam  juvenis  candidissimo  tectus 
amictu,  dicens,  "  Quare  omnibus  aliis  gaudentibus  et  can- 
tantibus  tu  solus  taoes  in  nuptiis  matris  tusdP"  Qui  re- 
spondit  se  nescire  quid  in  laudem  tanti  regis  cantare  posset. 
Cui  ille,  "Yis/'  inquit,  ''instrui  quid  cantare  debeas  P " '  The  hyin» 
Bespondit,  "Cupio."  Et  ille,  "Canta,  0  Bex,  dominator  gen- *** '**™'^- 
**  tium,  salva  genus  Christianorum  adhuc  in  terra  peregrinan- 
*'  tium,  ut  et  ipsi  post  inimicitias  ad  gratiam  revertantur, 
'*  et  angelicsB  ruinsa  per  illos  damna  reparentur." 

Ego  enim  ssepius  legi  Dunstanum  in  eadem  visione  Another 
quod  subsequitur  cantare  edoctum,  "0  Bex,  gentium  do-^^*™**^^  ** 
"  minator  omnium,  propter  sedem  majestatis  Tuee  da  nobis 
'*  indulgentiam,  rex  Christe,  peocatorum.    AllelnjB."     Quod 
ssepins    ille   cantans    et    repetens    miro    modo    delectabatur. 
Expergefactus  statim  iUam  antiphonam  jussit  scribi. 

40.  Quodam   tempore   rex  Edgarus  adhuc   vivens^   dum  Dunstui. 
venatum  pergeret,  Dunstanum  donee  rediret  Missam  diferre  ^tor     ^ 
rogavit.    Appropinquante  bora  tertia,  vir  Dei  sacris  induitur  ^^'  V^ 
vesUbus,  regem  exspectat,  stans  cubitis  innixns  altari,  lacry-  altar  and 
mis   deditus    et   orationi.      Et    ecce !    subito    sopore    leniter  J^^  *  ^^^^ 
pressus,    raptus  in  coelnm   et  jimctus  angelis    audit  eosdem 
Trinitati  modulatis   vocibus  canere,   ''Kyrie  eleyson,  Cbriste 

"  eleyson,  Kyrie  eleyson."  Et  rediens  ad  se  interrogat  si 
rex  advenisset.  BespondetUT,  "Non."  Iterum  ergo  orat,  et 
iterum  in  coelum  raptus  audit  ibi  altisona  voce  dici,  "  Ite, 
"  Missa  est."  Cumque  responderetur,  "  Deo  gratias ;"  accur- 
rerunt  clerici  regem  adesse  dicentes.  Quibus  ille  respondit 
quod  jam  Missam  audierat,  nee  aliam  eo  die  auditurus  vel 
oelebraturus  erat.  Interrogatus  quare,  visionem  aperit,  et 
Bumpto  ex  hoc  sermone  prohibuit  regi  ne  ulterius  in  die 
Dominico  venatum  iret.  "  Kyrie  eleyson,"  quod  in  coelo 
audierat    suos    clericos    doouit.      Cujus    modules    harmoniaB 


^  Quadam  .  .  est']  From  Eadmer, 
p.  205,  above. 


'  Quibus,  etc.']    Eadmer,  above, 
p.  206. 
*  See  B.,  p.  41,  above. 


346 


VITA   ET   MIRACULA   DUNSTANI 


TheJtvritf 

rex9pl 

dent. 


Hen' 


Virion  of 
yixKinsAt 
8.  Augus- 
tine's sing- 
ing the 
hymn  of 
SeduUiis. 


Address  to 
Dunstan. 


adhuc  oontinet  tropns    ille    apnd   Anglos   famosns,    "  Kyrie  Hiflden, 

"  rex  splenden&."»  PoTycr.vi. 

^  p.  270. 

41.  Vidit  enim  Dunstanus  vice  quadam  corporeis  ocu- 

lis  in  ecdesia  Sanctir  Augustini  in  capella  beatse  Maiise, 

ubi  modo  in  crypta  sub  feretro  beati  Augustini  imago 

ejusdem  virginis  locatur,  matrem  Domini  Salvatoris  yirgi-  Osben, 
nali  corona  decoratam,  mellifluasque  ejus  voces  aadire  me-  p.  118. 
ruit,  quibus  Bocias  virgines  ad  coUaudandnm  Begem  ssecnlornm 
hortabatur,    concinens    illud    carmen    sapientis    ac    senatoris 
Sedulii, 

"  Cantemus  Domino,  socisB,  cantemns  honorem  ; 
"  Dulcis  amor  Ohristi  personet  ore  pio." 

Cumqne  ab   aliis  virginibas   hoc  foisset  acceptnm,  alias  qui 
sequuntur  versus  pronunciabant, 

"  Primus  ad  ima  ruit  magna  de  luce  superbns  ; 

"  Sic  homo  cum  tumuit  primus  ad  ima  ruit. 
**  TJnius  ob  meritum  cuncti  periere  minores, 

"  Cuncti  salvantur  unius  ob  meritum. 
"  Sola  fuit  mulier  patuit  qua  janua  letbo, 

'*  Et  qua  vita  redit  sola  fuit  mulier." 

^tque  in  hunc  modum  totius  carminis  bini  ac  bini  versus  Osbern, 
percurrebantur,  illis  semper  repetitis  qui  primi  a  matre  Do- P'  *1^" 
mini  dicebantur,  "  Cantemus  Domino,  etc."  Hasc,  pontifioum 
sanctissime,  acutissima  vi  corporalium  oculorum  in  spiritualem 
potentiam  translator um  videre  potuisti.  HaBC  coelestium  arca- 
norum  perscrutator  audire  meruisti.  Prrostet  Omnipotens 
Dens  per  Dunstani  merita  gloriosa,  ut  quem  semper  nobis- 
cum  corporaliter  viventem^  habere  non  licuit,  liceat  saltern  ex 
consideratione  pretiossB  vitse  SU86  suam  vitam  sempiteruam 
agnoscere,  agnoscendo  diligere,  et  diligendo  sempitemse  vitee 
gloriam  a  Deo  per  te  patrem  piissimum  obtinere.  Non 
enim  sufficiebat  Dunstano  in  secreto  cubiculi  sui  sacras  ex- 
cubias  celebrare,  castis  orationibus  inservire,  nisi  etiam  noc- 
tumis  frigoribus  ecclesiam  Sancti  Augustini  frequentaret, 
et  inde  ad  vicinum  Virginis  Mariao  templum  praedictam 
gloriam  visurus  procederet. 

42.  Anno   autem    Domini  duodecim  minus  a   millesimo,  Osbem, 
adventus  Anglorum  in  Britanniam  quingentesimo  sezagesimo  p.  120. 


^  On  this  sec  the  Preface  to  the  present  volume. 


AUCTORE  J.  CAPGRAVIO. 


347 


Osbem, 
p.  120. 


Eadmer, 

p.  217. 

(Joh. 

Tynem. 

Hist. 

Aurea, 

p.  335.) 


Eadmer, 
p.  218. 


Osbero, 
p.  121. 


tertio^  archiepiscopatus   soi  tricesirao  tertio^  setatis   soseBftteof 

r^   *   ,'  n  ^  .    DuMtan's 

septnagesimo ;  sanctus  Uliristi  coniessor  Diinstanus,  virtuti-  dwth. 
buflplenns  et  operibus  bonis,  migravit  ad  Dominum. 

Cum   enim    instaret   dies   Ascensionis    DominicsB,    peraotis  His  vision  of 
vigiliis,   remansit  DaiiBtanus    in    oratione    in    ecclesia    boItib, 
et  ecce  innnmera  candidatomm  multitado,  coronas  aureas  in 
capitibns    gestantium,    inaBsfcimabili    folgore    micantinm,    per 
ecclesias    janaam    irrnmpens  ante   ipsum    conglobata    astitit^ 
una  voce  salatans  et  dicens,  "  Salve  Dunstane  noster,  salve  I 
*'  Mandat  tibi  Qnem   pie  desideras  Filins  Dei,  quatenns,  si 
"  paratus  es,  vcnias  et  diem  banc,  ad  cajns  gaudiom  spiras, 
"  nobiscom  celebres."    Ad    quod   ille  imperterritus  manens, 
soiscitatus  est  qui  essent.     "  Cberubin,"  inquiunfc,   "et  Sera- 
"  pbin  sumus,  et  responde  quid   velis."    Tuno  ille,  **  Hodie 
''  dies  solenmissimus  est,  et  incumbit   mihi   pane  Yerbi   DeiThejwKrn 
plebem  reficere,   et  ostendere  illi  quomodo  ad  boo  gaudium  day  of  his 
possit  pervenire.     Propter  quod    et  multi    convenernnt,   nee  departure. 
"  debeo   illos   deoipere,  et   ideo    bodie  venire   non  possum.'' 
Qui  dixerunt,   ''Eja  paratus   esto,  in  die  sabbati  prsBsto  sis 
''  bino  nobiscum  Bomam  venire,  et  coram   summo  pontifice 
"  Sanctus !  Sanctus !   Sanctus !    setemaliter  canere."     Annuit 
ille,  et  illi  recedunt. 


Osbern, 
p.  122. 


Eadmer, 

p.  219. . 

(Joh. 

Tvnem. 

Hist. 

Aurea, 

p.  335.) 

Osbern^ 
p.  123. 

Eadmer, 
p.  220. 


4S,  Lecto   igitur   eo  die   ad  Missam  evangelic,  locutus  est  On  ^^f^' 
ad  plebem  qualiter  nunquam  antea  fuerat  locutus ;    ostendens  prau^, 
(|ua  ratione  Filius   Dei  carnem  indaerit,  cur  bumani  generis  SSaS'***. 
salvationem  non  nisi  moriendo    compleverit,    quemadmodum 
resurgens  a  mortuis  mortis  principem  superaverit,  et  famulan- 
tibus  angelis  coelum  ingressus  sit.     Deinde  Sanguinem  Cbristi 
incomparabiliter  omnibus  creaturis  docuit  esse  prcestantiorem, 
tantamque  fiduciam  in  efifusione  Sanguinis  illius  mundum  habere 
posse,  ut  si  unus  aliqqis  totius  mundi  peccata  haberet,  neqiie 
de  multitudine  neque  de  magnitudine  criminum  illi  esset  de« 
sperandum,  si  Mediatorem  Dei  et  bominum  haberet  advocatum. 
Et  reversus  ad  altare  celebravit  mysteria. 

Ubi  autem  ventum  est  ad  benedictionem  super  populum,  and  warns 
iterum  ab  altari  prsedicaturus  regreditur,  ita  ut  non  bominem  hiaiw&f  ^ 
sed  angelum  loqui  putares.  Iterum  ad  altare  revertitur,  et 
data  benedictione  iterum  ad  populum  redit,  stupentibus  cunc- 
tis ;  et  mox  ut  ad  loqaendum  os  aperuit,  tanta  claritate  vultus 
ejus  resplenduit,  ut  nemo  in  eum  inbendere  posset.  Obitum 
suum  Ulis  instare  prsBdizit,  promittens  se  iUis  nunquam  defunc- 
turum.    Et  tunc  ad  mensam  Domini  reversus  est. 


348  VITA  ET  MIRACULA  DUNSTANI 

He  chooses       44.   Eadem    die    cum    a    mensa    snmpto    oibo    surrexisset,  Eadmer, 
*^^*'      ecdesiam  petiit,  et  designavit  locum  in  quo   sepeliri  voluit.  PP*  ^^» 
Mox  languor  eum  invasit :    sexta  feria  lecto  decubuit,  omnes-  (Joh. 
On  the         ciue  adventantes  ad  sequenda  Christi  vestigia  inoitavit.     Sab-  T^em. 
?noira5u-'**  ^^  enim    cum  horam   suam  exBpectaret>  subito   cum   lecto  ^^^ 
loiuly  lifted  in  jquo  jaoebat  usque   ad  superiora  levatus  est,  et  trabibus  p^  gj^j^'x 
ceiling.        obsistentibus  ad  terram  leniter  demissus.     Iterumque  usque 
ad    trabes  cum    lecto    suo    raptus    est   ut  prius,    et  iterum 
leniter  demissus :    hoc   usque    tertio   factum   est.      Videntes  Osbern, 
hoc  qui   astabant  territi  fugientes,  et  parietibus   innizi  de  P*  ^^^• 
longe  sursum  aspicientes,  exitum  rei  yidere  cupiebailt.    Con- 
vocat  omnes  Dunstanus  qui  fugam  inierant,  taliter  eos  de- 
Hifl  address  mulcens :    ''Yidistis,"   ait,    "filii,    vidistis,  carissimi,  quo  me  Osbem* 
^*^         "  Deus  vocat,  quo  ineffabilis  Dei  misericordia  invitat.    Semita  P*  ^**- 
'*  itineris  mei  prsB  oculis  ostensa  est  yobis,  ut  nuUus  yestrum 
"  de  pra^mio  diffidat,  qui  yit89  mese  diligens  sectator  exstite- 
"  rit.     Sursum  est  quod  amplector,  sursum  quo  gradior.    Es- 
"  tote  ergo  yit®  imitatores,  si  itineris  mei  cupitis  esse  sec- 
"  tatores.    Nolite  boni  yideri,  sed  esse.    Hoc  enim  maximum 
"  inter  homines  malum  est,  quod  omnes  cupiunt  boni  videri 
"  et  esse  nolunt.    NuUi  yolunt  mali  videri,  et  nolunt  non  esse 
"  mali.    Facem  semper  sectamini.    Freedico  etiam  vobis  An-  Osbeni, 
*'  glorum  gentem  dira  ac  diutuma  mala.ab  exteris  gentibus  P*  l^^* 
"  esse  passuram;  sed  in  fine  dierum  miserationem  Dei  super 
"  illam  stillaturam."     Et  extensis  ad  coelum  manibus,  inter  Osbem, 
verba  orationis^  videt  illos,  qui  se  ad  coeleste  convivium  invi-  P*  126. 
He  dies  and  taverant,  beatos  angelos  assistentes  et  coeleste  illi  obsequium 
is  burled.      praeparantes.    Quorum  veneranda  prsesentia  felix  animaillius 
de  habitaculo  corporis  egressa,  ad  contemplandam  ssterni  Begis 
claritatem  cum  illis*  profecta  est,  xiiii.  kalendas  Junii,  et 

in  ecclesia   Salvatoris  Cantuarias   cum  magno   honore 
sepelitur. 

Sad  changes  46.  Post  enim  ejus  obitum  ita  omnia  in  contrarium  versa  Osbern, 
Us  de^  sunt,  ut  Dunstani  mortem  omnia  deflere,  nee  ejus  absentiam  P* 
se  ferre  posse  viderentur.  A  summa  quippe  pace  fit  commu- 
tatio  ad  intolerabile  bellum;  ab  immensa  Isetitia  ad  omnium 
rerum  indigentiam.  Denique  aer  ipse  immutatus  est,  coslum 
non  exaudivit  tellurem,  nee  tellus  ea  qusB  seminabantur  in  ea. 
Hostilis  incursio  fcedam  ubique  faciem  dereliquit,  dum  eorum 
irruptione  urbes  diruerentur,  ecclesiaa  spoliarentur,  et  sacer- 
dotes  Domini  de  terra  delerentur. 

Mirtdes.        46.  Vir   quidam   et   mulier    longa   csedtate    percuss! 


AUCTORE  J.  CAPGRAVIO. 


349 


Eadmer, 

p.  224. 

(Job. 

Tynem. 

Hist. 

Aniea, 

p.  835.) 


Osbem, 
p.  133. 

Eadmer, 
p.  225. 
Osbern, 
p.  133. 


Osbeniy 
p.  134. 


Osbem, 
p.  135. 
Eadmer, 
p.  226. 


Oflbem, 
p.  136. 


juxta  sepulcrum  Sancti  Dunstani  vigiliis  et  orationibus 
insistentes  perfectae  sanitati  restitui  meruerunt. 

Presbyter   quidam  inter  snos  nobilis  paralysis  morbo  per-  A  noble 
CU8SU8,  ad  sepulcrum  Sancti  Dunstani  delatns,  sensit  quan-  Sured  of 
dam  manum  per  i»tnm  corpus   suum  ducentem,  et  membra  pjJS^M^wi- 
sua    resolidantem.     Sanatus   enim  grande  convivium  amicis  JJJJ™'^^^ 
suis  parat,  et  dum  convivse  pro  ejus  salute  gratias  Dieo  dies, 
et  beato  Dunstano  referrent,  ille  tumens  ait,  ^'Et  si  Dun- 
*'  stanus  non  esset,  sanatus  fuissem.''    Quo  dicto  statim  pris- 
tina  iniirmitate  correptus  et  miserabiliter  damans,  post  pau- 
lulum  spiritum  emisit. 

Juvenis    quidam    a   nativitate   mutus    et   claudus,    mox  ut  Core  of » 

tumbam  Sancti  Dunstani  tetigit,  erectis  pedibus  stetit,  etiameboy. 
soluta  lingua  ezcelsa  voce  clamare  coepit,  "  Gloria  in  excelsis 
"  Deo,  AUeluya."     Et  sic  omnibus  diebus  vitea  suae  non 
solum  expedite  verum  etiam  diserte  .omnia  loquebatur. 

Puella  quaedam  a  nativitate  caeca  ad  tumbam  Sancti  ^J}^^ 
Dunstani  a  matre  sua  adducta,  apertis  oculis  omnia  clare  blind, 
videbat,  et  prsB  gaudio  exsiliens  dixit,  '*  Mater  mi,  qusB  sunt 
"  baeo  pulcbra   quaa  video?"     Cui  ilia,    **Videsne,"    inquit, 
"  caramiP"    Quas   dixit,  "Pulcber   bomo   quidam  jussit  me 
"  bsBC  pulcbra  videre." 

Quidam  vero  Teutonicus,  nomine   Clemens,  quern   sacerdos  Cora  of 
pro  culpa  Yoluptatis  et  contumacisB  in  interitum  carnis  SatbansB  whobad 
tradiderat,  septennio  a  daemone  possessus  de  loco  ad  locum  J^SeJ!^ 
instabili  ferebatur  motu.    Hie  ad  tumbam  Sancti  Dunstani 
perlatus,  cum  ad  noctumas   vigilias  responsorium,    "  Videte 
"  miraculum,"  inciperetur,  saltum  in  sublime  dedit,  et  daemo- 
nium  cum  sanguine  evomuit. 

Cuidam   seni    et    claudo   prsecepit    Dunstanus   in   somnis  An  old  lame 
sanitatis  gratia  tumbam  suam  visitare.     Quod  cimi  fe-  Si!msfa?8 
cisset,  et  nihil  salntis  consecutus  fuiss^t,   desperatus  ad  cure,  in 
sua  redire  coepit.     Cui  is  qui  dudum  dormienti  apparuerat, 
vultu  seyerus,  veste  decorus,  occurrit,  sciscitans  unde  veniret, 
vel  quo  pergendo  tenderet.     "  Becuperandae,'*  inquit,  "salutis 
'*  gratia  jussus  ad  sanctum  Dei  Dunstanum  perrexi,  sed  nibil 
"  proficiens  ad  domum  meam  redire   decrevi."      *' Et  egoOnhiire- 
'*  sum,"  inquit,  **  Dunstanus,  omnium  servorum  Dei  conservus,  JJ2t?the 
"  necessariis  quibusdam  causis   Ocoupatus,  non  poteram   bis  S^V}'^^ 
"  diebus  requiem  corporis  mei  visitare,  nee  prsBsenti am  meam  go  again. 
"  filiis  ibidem  manentibus  exbibere.    Nam  ecclesiam  Dei  qui- 
"  dam    adversarius    exberedare   temptavit;    sed  me  tutore 


to 


(< 
tt 


St 


350  VITA  ET  MIRACULA  DUNSTANI 

The  man       "  nihil  efficere  potait.     Nanc  autem  confecto  negotio  ad  locum  Osbem, 
te  lieSed.      "  requietionis  meae   vado.    Vide  ergo  ut  ilia  die  te  ibi  inve-  p.  186. 
niam,  qnatenns  per  te  gratiam  meam  meis  ciyibas  osten- 
dam."     Kediens  ergo,  et  sanus  effectus,   palam  ciinctis 
quge  viderat  et  audierat  enarravit. 

Dansten  is       46.  Quodam  eniin  tempore  in  noctama  yisione  visas  est  Osbem, 
theohureh;  Dunstanus  a  fratribuB  de  ecclesia  ezire.    Quern  cum  exeun- P*  ^^^' 
J^J^'       tern   retinere   vellent,    "Non   possum,"  inquit,    **ibi    manere 
propter  spurcitias  malorum  morum  et  reorum  in  ecclesia 
sepultorum."  *    Nee  multo  post  ecclesia  Salvatoris  igni  com- 
busta  est,  parietes  oeciderunt,  nee  quicquam  ex  omnibus  mo- 
nasierii  officinis   incombustum  remansit,   prseter  dormitorium 
et  refectorium  et  modicam  claustri  partem. 

Lanfraao  47.   Lanfraucus   autem    archiepiscopus    ecclesiam    Sancti  Eadmer, 

bodies  of  the  Salvatoris,  quam  prsefatum  incendium  inutilem  fecerat,  simulP'^^^* 
et    vetustas   funditus   destrueret,    et  augustiorem    construere 
cupiens,  celebrate   triduano  jejunio,  jussit  corpora  sanctorum, 
qu8B  in   orientali  parte  ipsius  ecolesisB  humata  erant,  in  occi- 
dental em  partem,  ubi  beatas  Marisa  memoria  Celebris  habeba-  Osbem, 
tur,  transferri.    Interea  duo  milites  arcbiepiscopi  coram  feretro  £^^^' 
beati  Dunstani  terrsB  procumbunt,  misericordiam  et  indulgen-  p  232.  ' 
Story  of  the  tiam  per  merita  ejus  sibi  ab  abbate  Sancti  Augustini,  de  morte 
liSbota^i^  nepotis  ejus,  quem  nuper  occiderant,  dari  postulantes.    Dene* 
hlfl  nephews,  gat  abbas;  denegant  et  fratres  defuncti  qui  astabant.    Jungunt 
alii  preces   suas  preoibus  militum,  sed  in  vanum.    Nee  enim 
illos  aut  reverentia  sancti,  aut  supplicans  multitude  flectere 
potuit  ad  miserendum.    Pius  autem  Dunstanus,  non  sic  au- 
ditu  difficilis,  surdam  ab  infantia  mulierem  ipsa  hora  se  requi- 
rentem  exaudivit,   et   ei  coram  omnibus  auditum   perfectum 
reddidit.    Abbas  autem  in  sua  pertinacia  rigidus,  nocte  se-  Eadmer, 
quenti  cum  suis  nepotibus  coram  se  quemdam  reverendi  babi-  P*  ^^^' 
tus    sacerdotem   irato    vultu    stare   conspexit,    et    quibusdam 
teterrimis  hominibus,  in  medio  camerce  in  qua  jacebant,  mirsB 
magnitudinis  oacabum  supposito  igne  succendentibus,  prsscipere 
Their  Tiflion  audivit,  quatenus  illos  simitl  ligatos  in  candentem  oacabum 
*       sine  ulla  miseratione  comburendos   preeoipitarent.     Fercunc- 
tantibus  autem  quare   tam    crudeli   pcensa    subjici    deberent 
respondetur,  "Propterea  quod  vos  furoris  igne  suocensi  mor- 
"  tern  vestri  germani  noluistis  perdonare  propter  amorem  ac 


^  gepultorum]  Here  Capgrave  fol-  I  Osbem,  which  omit  the  story  of 
lows  the  reading  of  two  MSS.  of  I  Harold's  child,  above,  p.  142. 


AUCrrORK  J.   CAPGRAVIO. 


361 


Eadmer, 
p.  SS3. 


"  reverentdam  Sancti  Dunstani."  Hiis  dictis  rapinnttir  ad  Their  tciror 
ignem;  et  illi  nimia  anxietate  •  conBtricti  miserandae  voces  ISce^^''^ 
emittebant,  et  se  quamcitius  possent  ad  requiem  sancti  ven- 
toros,  eumqne  snper  ilia  injuria  digna  satisfactione  honoraturos 
deyovent,  si  solummodo  eos  ab  imminenti  miseria  sua  gratia 
liberare  dignaretur.  Adhsec  tetri  ministri,  nutu  sacerdotis 
ezterriti,  cum  suis  ignibus  disparuerunt.  Mane  autem  abbas 
idem,  Scotiandus  nomine,  ad  sepulcrum  Sancti  Dimstani 
cum  suis  veniens  nepotibus,  monachos  ecclesin  congregatos 
sibi  precibus  suocurrere  flebilis  orat.  Indulgetur  reis  militi- 
bus  mors  defuncti,  qui  homines  pii  patris  Dunstani  effecti  ad 
sua  Iffitantes  redierunt. 


Eadmer, 
p.  284. 


Eadmer, 
p.  335. 


Eadmer^ 
p.  S36. 


VitaLan- 
franciy  (ed. 
I^Achery, 
p.  14). 
(Job. 
Tynem. 
Hist 
Aurea, 
p.  862.) 


48.  Monachus  quidam  juvenis  ecdesise  Salvatoris  in 
Missa  Lamfranci  archiepiscopi  Eyangelium  legebat ;  et  cum 
dicta  oratione  Dominica  patenam  ex  more  pontifici  offerret, 
yidit  coram  se  quosdam  teterrimos  et  horribiles  malignorum 
spirituum  vultus.  Ad  quorum  aspectum  nimio  payore  perter- 
ritus  Lam&ancum  inter  manus  sacra  tenentem  u^isque 
brachiis  strictim  amplectitur,  borrido  clamore  yociferans  ac 
dicens,  "  Ohristus  yincit,  Christus-  regnat,  Cbristus  imperat." 
Post  Missam,  adunatis  in  capitulo  fratribus,  et  juyene  illo 
adducto,  Lamfrancus,  habito  prius  sermone,  omnes  pro  fratre 
rogare  monuit.  Loris  autem  astrictus  juvenis  ad  tumbam 
Sancti  Dunstani  omnino  reluctans  pertrahitur,  in  Christum  ac 
Sanctum  Dunstanum  blasphemias  jactans,  miserabili  cru- 
ciatu  torquebatur.  Et  cum  quidam  ad  eum  accederent,  grayia 
peocata  nondum  confessa  detegebat,  et  illos  sibi  in  poenis 
perpetuis  socios  fore  futures  gaudens  et  hilaris  pronunciavit. 
Confessi  autem  et  absoluti  cum  se  ei  prssentarent,  illos  ex 
transyerso  intuens,  nee  eos  sicut  prius  recognoscens,  unde 
yenerint,  quo  layacro  loti  tam  subitam  purgationem  meruerint, 
quidve  contigerit  quod  suam  societatem  sic  cito  alterati  ami- 
serint,  spumans  et  ejulans  mirabatur.  Dicebat  ^  quoque  de  qui- 
busdam  fratribus  nefanda.  Tunc  nominayerunt  quendam,  as- 
serentes  quoniam  de  illo  non  haberet  quid  diceret.  At  ille 
affirmare  cospit  quod  ad  prsBsentiam  suam  nunquam  auderet 
accedere.  Tunc  frater  ille  Lamfranco  puram  fecit  cenfessio- 
nem,  et  ingressus  ante  daBmoniacum  stetit.  At  ille  in  eum 
torvo   respiciens  oculo    ait   cachinnans,    '*  Pro    malo   homine 


A  monk  is 
aeiiedl^ 
eril  spirits 
during 


He  betrSiyB 
the  sins  of 
his  ooiii- 
paDions,aiid 
threatens 
them  with 
ezposore. 


>  Dicebat}     The  following  addi- 
tion to  the  story  is  from  the  Lifi^  of 


Lanfranc  by  Milo  CrispiD,  also  fil- 
tered through  the  Historia  Aurea. 


352 


VITA  ET  MIEACtrLA  DUNSTANI 


l( 


quomodo    es    nnnc  rebullitus   et   candidatus  P    quia  te    sic  V.  Lanfr. 


Bleiirings  of  "  rebullivit    et    dealbayit  P  "      Et   nihil    plua    dicere    voluit.  P-  J5. 


penitence. 


Joh. 


Unde  datur  intelligi  quia  virtus    confessionis  et   absolutionis  ovJLg, 
aufert    diabolo    aut    memoriam    peccati    de    quo  pura   facta  Hist. 
est    coufessio,    aut    certe     potestatem    hominem     acousandi.  Anrea, 
Hoc  enim  misericorditer  Christus  fecit,   monachos  ad  cor-  P*  ^^^' 
rectiorem  vitam  erudiens,  qui  cessante  disciplina  in  ssaculari  ^*g^^' 
conversatione    ultra    quam   debebant  jacere    non    timebant. 
ThooTii       Cumque  inte!r  Sanctos  Dunstanum   et   Elpheeum   ponere- 
about vithin  tUT,  daemon '  qui  eum  possidebat  in  ventre  ejus  bac  et  iliac 
the  man.       discuirendo  vagari  coepit,  ut  putares  ilium  modo  per  os,  modo 
per  inferiores  corporis   partes  fugam  parare;   et  si  quis  ma- 
num    super    tumorem     quern    faciebat    superponeret,    statim 
in    alium    locum    ezsiliebat.      Quidam  vero    (jallica   lingua 
quod  sicut  parvus  catus  saliret  dixit.     Juvenis  vero,  qui 
linguam  illam  non  novit,  subridens,  eadem  lingua  responde- 
He  is  at  last  l)at  dicens,  "Non  ut  catulus,  sed  ut  catellus."     Nec  multo 
post  meritis  Sancti  Dunstani  dsemone  fugato  liberatur, 
et  sensus  ei  redditur. 


bury 
lOll 


In 


Story  of  the      49.  ^  De  trauslatioue  autem  corporis  Sancti  Dunstani  Will, 
of  the  bones  de  Cautuaria  ad  Glastoniam,  sicut  in  monasterio  Glasto-  ^nt!"Gia»- 
toQUwton-  niensi    scriptum   inveni,  hie  inserens,   opiniones    variaston.  p.soi. 
circa    hoc    discutiendas     penitus    reliqui.     Anno  Domini- 
MXII.,  regnante  rege  Edmundo  cognomento  Yrensyde,   Dani 
Angliam  intrantes  orientales  partes  Angliss  et  totius  Canti® 
fines  in  suam  redigebant  potestatem,  et  incolse  multi,  a  patria 
eliminati,  multa  crudelissima  sunt  morte  perempti.    Sic  usque 
Lundonias  non  gradui  nec  cetati  vel  sezui  parcentes  homici- 
diis,  rapinis,  incendiis,  divina  ssque  et  humana  exterminabant ; 
et  expulsO    a    sede   propria    Elphego    arcbiepiscopo,  prsedia 
devafitantur,  possessiones  diripiuntur;  monachos  Cantuarise 
trucidant,  ecclesiam  et  omnia  incendio  consumunt.    Gontigit  W.  Mal- 
bisdem  temporlbus  prasfatum  regem   Edmundum   Glastoniam  mesb.  Ant. 
advenire :  et  ibidem  aliquantulam  trahens  moram  abbati  et  G^^^"*- 
fratribus    tantes   captivitatis    ex   ordine   retulit  bistoriam,  et 
Cantuariensem   ecclesiam  incensam,  et  babitatoribus  et  reli- 
gione  penitus  viduatam.    Quibus  auditis,  abbas  cum  tota  con- 


^  The  following  narration  is  firom 
the  book  de  Antiquitate  Glastonien- 
sis  Ecclesise,  written  by  William 


of  Malmesbary ;  printed  in  Gale's 
Scriptores,  pp.  301,  sq. 


AUCTOBE  J.  CAFGRA.yiO. 


353 


WilL  gregatione  valde  oontristatus,  inter  ceatera  eximii  patris  sni  The  abbot 

Malmesb.    DunBtani  virtutes  preeoelsM  recitabant,  qui  dum  viveret  amplis  ^tai^tei^ 
to  *'    sS  P^^SBeBsionibuB  libertatdbnsqne  magnificis,  et  regularibus  insti-  ^^to* 
'  tutia,  Glastoniam  mirifioe  inBigniyit.    FrecibnB  enim  uberrimis  search  for 
opem  oonsiliainqne  regis  implorant  quatenus  reliquiae  gloriosi  ^j^tan.^' 
yiri  ad  loca  laranBferre  possent  religiosa,  ubi  quondam  reli- 
gioniB    laote   nutrituB  ad  tantaB  virtutes   excreverat,  ut  non 
solum   gregem  Glastonie,   Bed  totius  Angliae   proyincias  sua 
doctrina  illustrare  poBset.    Quibus  auditis,  rex  eorum  desideriis 
pio  occurrens  affectu,  quod  petierant  celeri  effectui  mancipari 
deoreyit.      Brithredus    igitur    abbas,    quatuor    confratribus 
suis  hujus  legationis  officium  injunxit,  ut  assumptis  sooiorum 
auxiliis,  Cantuariam  properantes,  ossa  Sancti  Dunstani  G-las- 
tonise  transferrent.     Idem  enim  monacbi  beato  Dunstano  in 
came  degenti,  capellsa  suss  complentes  officium,  adhaBrebant, 
qui   etiam   corpus  ejus,  anima  ad  coelos  translata,  sepultursB 
tradiderunt.     Postea   quoque   cum   successore   suo   Elphego 
arcbiepiscopo  usque  ad  ejus  martyrium  commanebant.     Dice- 
bantur  autem  fratres  illi  Sebrichtus,  Ethelbrichtus,  Bursius, 
AdelworduB.      Cantuariam   igitur  advenientes    fratres    locum 
siout  a  rege  didicerant  omni  babitatore  nudatum  inveniunt. 
Aperientes    ergo    sepulcrum,   ossa   Sancti   Dunstani   tanto  it  ia  found 
temporis  processu  came  resoluta  reperiunt.    Annulum  vero  JSedf*"*^ 
digito  sancti  cum  terrse  traderetur  impositum,  quem  juvenili 
SBtate   fecisse  dicitur,  recognoscunt.    Glastoniam  igitur  reli- 
quias  Sancti  Dunstani  secum  deferentes  cum  gaudio  redie- 
runt.    Facta  est  autem  b»c  translatio  anno  Domini  supra- 
dicto  ;   post  interfectionem   Sancti  Elpbegi  martyris    anno 

Becundo,  et  anno  post  dormitionem   Sancti  Dunstani   vicesimo 

Ibid.  p.  304.  quarto.    Per   cujus  intercessiones  et  merita  DeuB  ibidem  non 

cessat   operari    magnalia,    morfc«is    yitam,    infirmis    sanitatem 

crebrius  restituendo;  brutis  etiam  plnrimis  in  periculis  sub- 

yeniendo.^ 


^  On  the  question  whether  this 
story  ought  with  Jnstioe  to  be 
ascribed  to  William  of  Malmesbuiy, 


see  some  remarks  in  the  prefiuse  to 
the  present  Tolome. 


VII. 

RELIQUIJ:  DUNSTANIANJi:. 

LETTERS  AND  OTHER  DOCUMENTS  CONNECTED 
WITH  DUNSTAN,  HIS  AGE  AND  HIS 

IBIOGRAPHERS. 


Good  wishes 

toairoh- 

bisho] 


iqp 
lfh< 


Wulfhelm 


I.  Epistola  ad  Wxtlfhelmum  archiepiscopum.^ 

(MS.  Cotton,  Tiberius,  A.  15,  fo.  166.) 

Pastor  apostolicus,  Wulfhelmus,  nomine  Christi 
In  terris  darus,  cunctis  laudabilis,  usque  in 
Begna  Redemptoris  regalis  regmine  recto 
Possideat,  regnet,  teneat,  servet,  regat  atque. 
Ut  quando  prsesul  sublimis  sseda  per  ignem 
Advenerit  purgare,  locu[tu]s  eritque,  "Venite, 
"  Perdpite  sethereum  Patris  regnum,  benedicti, 
"  Principio  mundi  quod  vobis  nempe  paratum  est  :"- 
Sic  invitetur  postrema  luce  dierum, 
"  Euge  veni,  quoniam  bone  serve  in  pauca  fidelis 
"  Tempore  transacto  mansisti,  gaudia  regni 
"  Suscipe  coelestis  Domini  venerabilis,  Amen." 


1  Wolf  helm  became  archbishop 
in  92S  or  924,  and  died  in  942.  He 
is  no  doubt  the  prelate  mentioned 
in  the  life  of  Dunstan  written  by 
Adelard,  above,  p.  55,  under  the 
name  of  Athelm.  As  Athelm  died 
in  924  at  the  latest,  and  that  year 
is  the  earliest  date  for  Dunstan's 


birth,  it  is  obvious  that  the  saint 
could  not  have  been  a  pupil  of  the 
earlier  archbishop.  The  yerses 
giyen  above,  which  are  preserved 
among  the  letters  addressed  to  Dun- 
stan, may  possibly  have  been  an 
early  compositioii  of  the  saint. 


BEUQULfi  DUNSTANIANiB.  355 


n.  Promissio  REaiS.^ 

(MS.  Cotton,  Cleopatra  B.  13,  fo.  56.)] 

This  gewrit  is  gewriten  staef  be  staefe  be  tham  ge-  The  pledge 
^         write  the  Dunstan  arcebiscop  sealde  urum  hlaforde  aBtDunstanat 
/^      ^  ^  Cingestune  tha  on  dse^tha  hine  man  halgode  to  cinge,  tionof  the 
and  forbead   him  8b1c  wedd  to  syllanne  butan   thysan 
wedde  the  he  up  on  Cristes  weofod  lede,  swa  se  bis- 
oop  him  dihte :  "  On  '  thsBre  halgan  Thrynnesse  naman, 
*'  Ic  threo  thing  behate  Cristenum  folce,  and  me  under- 
''  theoddiun  :   An   serest   thset   Godes  Cyrice   and  eall  The  king's 
"  Cristen  folc  minra  gewealda  sothe  sibbe  healde ;  other  hia  people. 
''  is   thset   Ic  reaflac  and   ealle  unrihte   thing   eaUum 
*'  hadum  forbeode ;  thridde,  thset  Ic  behate  and  bebeode 
"  on  eallum  domum  riht  and  miltheortnisse,  thset  us 
"  eallum   arfsest  and   mildheort   God   thurh  thset  his 
**  ecean  miltse  forgife,  se  lifisbth  and  rixath."    Finit. 

Trakslatxon. 

This  writing  is  written,  letter  by  letter,  after  the  writing 
that  archbishop  Dunstan  delivered  to  oar  lord  at  Kingston  on 
the  day  that  they  hallowed  him  king,  and  he  forbade  him  to  give 
any  pledge  except  this  pledge  which  he  laid  up  on  Christ's 
altar,  as  the  bishop  directed  him  :  **  In  the  name  of  the  Holy 
*^  Trinity  I  promise  three  things  to  the  Christian  people  and 
*^  my  subjects:  first,  that  God's  church  and  all  Christian 
<<  people  of  my  dominions  hold  true  peace ;  the  second  is  that  I 
**  forbid  robbery  and  all  unrighteous  things  to  all  orders ;  the 
*'  third,  that  I  promise  and  enjoin  in  all  dooms  justice  and 
<<  mercy,  that  the  gracious  and  merciful  Grod  of  his  everlasting 
''  mercy  may  forgive  us  all,  who  liveth  and  reigneth.**    Finit. 


*  Also  in  ViteDiiu  A.  7,  printed 
by  HickoB  in  the  first  edition  of  his 
Institationes  GrammaticsB,  pieef., 
and  in  the  ReliqniflB  AntiqnsB,  ii. 
194.  See  also  Wanley's  Catalogae, 
in  Hickefl,  lii.  202,  241 . 


*  The  form  is  given  in  Latin  in 
the  Pontifical  of  Egbert,  and  in  the 
order  for  the  coronation  of  Ethelred, 
and  was  used  also  at  the  coronation 
of  Henry  I.  See  Taylor,  Glory  of 
B^gality,  pp.  245,  830,  395,  405. 

z  2 


356  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 

of^chri^        Se  Cristena  cyng  the  Uias  thing  gehealdeth,  he  ge- 

tianking.     eamath  him  sylfiun  woroldlicne  weorthmynt,  and  him 

ece  God  SBgther  gemiltsath  ge  on  andwerdum  life,  ge 

r  ^  c       ae  on  tham  ecean  the  se&e  ne  ateorath.     Gif  he  thonne 

\  ^aet  awsBgth  thsBt  Gode  wses  behaten,  thonne  sceal  hit 

syththan  wyrsian  swythe  sona  on  his  theode,  and  eall 
hit  on  ende  gehwyrfth  on  thaet  wyrsi^e,)  butan  he  on  aJ  I 
his  liffaece  ser  hit  gebete.  Eala  leof  hlaford  beorh 
huruthinga  geome  the  sylfum  ge^thenc  thset  gelome 
thset  thu  scealt  tha  heorde  forth  set  Godes  dome  ywan 
and  kedan,  the  thu  eart  to  hyrde  gescyft  on  thysum 
life,  and  thonne  gecennan  hu  thu  geheolde  thset  Crist 
aer  gebohte  sylf  mid  his  blode.  ^ 

Gehalgodes  cjntiges  riht  is,  thaet  he  naenigne  man  ne 
fordeme,  and  thset  he  wuduwan  and  steopcifd,  and  ael- 
theodige  werige  and  amundige,  and  stala  forbeode,  and 
imriht  hsemedu  gebete,  and  siblegeru  totwseme,  and 
grundlimga  forbeode,  wiccan  and  galdra  adilige,  mseg- 
myrtliran  and  manswanm  of  earde  adrife.  thearfim  mid 
aelmyssan  fede,  and  ealde  and  wise  and  syfre  him  to  ge 

Translation. 

The  Christian  king  who  keeps  these  eDgagements.  earns  for 
himself  worldly  honour^  and  the  eternal  God  also  is  merciful  to 
him,  both  in  the  present  life  and  in  the  eternal  life  that  never 
ends.  But  if  he  violate  that  which  was  promised  to  God,  then 
shall  it  forthwith  right  soon  grow  worse  among  his  people,  and 
in  the  end  it  all  turns  to  the  worst,  unless  he  in  his  life  first 
amend  it.  Ah  !  dear  lord,  take  diligent  heed  to  thjself  by  all 
means ;  often  call  to  mind  this,  thou  wilt  have  at  God's  judgment 
to  produce  and  lead  forth  the  flock  of  which  thou  hast  been 
maae  the  shepherd  in  this  life,  and  then  give  account  how  thou 
boldest  that  which  Christ  afore  purchased  with  his  own  blood. 

The  duty  of  a  hallowed  king  is  that  he  judge  no  man 
unrighteously,  and  that  he  defend  and  protect  widows  and 
orphans  and  strangers,  that  he  forbid  thefts,  and  correct  un* 
righteous  intercourse,  and  annul  and  altogether  forbid  incestuous 
alliances  ;  extirpate  witches  and  enchanters,  drive  out  of  the 
land  hin-ftlnyers  and  peijnrers,  feed  the  needy  with  alms,  and 


r^     •-. 


RELIQUIiE  DUKSTAKIAN^. 


357 


theahterum  hsebbe.  and  rihtwise  msBii  him  to  wicne- ]^,?!?Pon- 
rum  sette,  for  than  swa  hwset  swa  hig  to  iinrih|^)ge- 
doth  thurh  his  aful,  he  his  sceal  ealles  gescead  agyl- 
dan  on  domes  dseg. 

Tbanslatiok. 

have  old  and  wise  and  sober  men  for  counsellors^  and  set 
righteous  men  for  stewards,  for  whatsoever  they  do  unright- 
eously by  his  faulty  he  must  render  account  of  it  all  in  the 
judgment  day. 


^7  H 


III.  Cantus  qui  vocattjb  Kybie  Rex  splendens. 

^Infesto  S.  MichaeUs  in  Tiienae  Septenibris  di(yUv/r  Kyrie 
Bex  splendens^  cv/m  sma  versUme;  in  festo  S, 
Jhmstani  et  St  Michadis  in  Monte  Tvmba  dicitv/p 
Kyrie  Bex  aheque  verdilmd, 

1.  Kyrie  Rex  splendens  coeli  arce  salve  jugiter,  ^^^V^J^ 
clemens  plebi  Tu8b  semper  eleyson. 

2.  HymnidicaB  quem  turmae  cherubin  laude  perenniter 
prodamant  incessanter,  nobis  eleyson. 


^  The  rubric  of  which  this  is  a 
part  begins  thus,  "  Omnibus  dupli- 
"  cibus  festis  per  annum,  sive  sit 
**  de  temporali  sive  de  festo  sanc- 
**  torum,  dicitnr  unum  istorum 
"  Kiprie  eleyson,  cum  suis  Tersibus ' 
«  pro  dispoBitione  cantoris,  ita  ta- 
"  men  quod  in  festis  migoribus 
"  duplicibus  dicitur  Deus  Creator, 
"  et  in  csteris  duplicibus  per  or- 
'*  dinem  dicitur,  Kyrie  rex  genitor, 
''  Kyrie  fone,  Kyrie  onmipotens, 
**  Kyrie  Hex  epiendens,  Lux  et  Ori- 
**  go,  CuncUpotena,  CcntUtor  Kyrie, 
"  Orbis  /actor"  Mlssale  sec. 
U8um  Eccl.  Sarisb. 

^  The  story  told  by  Eadmer,  p. 
207,  represents  Dunstan  as  learning 
}n  his  sleep  a  heavenly  melody  of  the 


Kyrie  eleyeon.  This  melody,  as  we 
learn  from  Capgrave  (p.  846  above), 
was  identified  iu  his  days  with  the 
cantuB  Kyrie  JRex  splendens,  which,  as 
appears  from  the  rubric  given  above, 
was  in  some  special  way  connected 
with  the  festival  of  S.  Dunstan.  In 
the  Winchester  Tropary  of  the  tenth 
century,  now  MS.  Bodl.  775,  which 
contains  most  of  the  Eyries  men- 
tioned in  the  last  note  in  a  ruder 
and  earlier  form  than  that  in  which 
they  appear  in  the  Salisbury  Afissal, 
this  particular  Eyrie  is  not  found. 
It  may  therefore  have  been  origi- 
g^ially  drawn  up  by  Dunstan ;  but 
it  is  impossible  to  say  with  anything 
like  certainty  that  the  words  given  in 
the  text  represent  the  original  form. 


358 


VITA  SANCrn  DUNSTANI. 


risBsjt 


9P 


3.  Insigniter  catervse  prsecelsee  et  quibus  seraphin 
respondent  Te  laudantes,  nostri  eleyson. 

4.  Christe  Rex  altithrone,  ordines  angelorum  novem 
Quern  laudant  incessanter  pulcbre,  dignare  servis  Tuis 
Semper  eleyson. 

5.  Christe  Quern  toto  orbe  unica  ecdesia  hymnizat^ 
sol  et  luna^  astra,  tellus  mare  Cui  et  famulantur,  semper 
eleyson. 

6.  Ipsi  idem  inclit^  patri^  perpetuse  hseredes  sancti 
omnes  digno  carmine  proclamant  quem  ovanter,  nobis 
eleyson. 

7.  Virginis  pise  Mariae  O  alma  proles,  Bex  regum, 
benedicte  Bedemptor^  cruore  mercatis  proprio  mortis  ex 
potestate  semper  eleyson. 

8.  Insignissime,  ingenite,  O  genite,  origine  jam  expers 
et  fine,  virtute  ^  excellens  omnia,  catervje  huic  Tuse  de- 
mons eleyson. 

9.  Limpidissimse  glorias  Sol,  justitiae  Arbiter,  omnes 
gentes  districte  dum  judices;  turmae  obnixe  precamur 
tunc  astanti  clemens  eleyson. 


The  Kjrie  was  said  immediately 
after  the  collect  or  offidom,  and  was 
not  a  part  of  the  ordinary  of  the 
Haas,  or  peculiar  to  the  English  uses. 
Cardinal  Bona  (Opera,  p.  508)  was 
not  aware  that  the  custom  was  earlier 
than  the  thirteenth  century  ;  but  this 
is  distinctly  proved  by  the  evidence 
of  the  Bodleian  MS.  cited  already, 


the  date  of  which  is  sufficiently  clear 
ftt>m  the  penmanship,  and  is  shown 
by  the  prayer  in  the  litany,  *'Ut 
<*  iBthelredum  regem  et  exercitum 
<*  Anglorum  conservare  digneris." 
Fo.  18. 

^fine,  virtuW]   The  Gradual  (ed. 
Paris,  1532)  reads  *'  fide  mortua." 


T  r 


f  ■  * 


BELIQUIfi  DUNSTANIAN^. 


359 


IV.  ^  Epistola  Arnulfi  ad  Dunstanum 

ABCHIEPISCOPUH.' 
(MS.  Cotton,  Tiberius  A.  16,  lb.  159,  b.) 

Smnmo  archipontificatus  amplificato  honore  Dunstano,    ad.96i. 
Amulfus  marchisus  salutatoria    mitto    affamina,   quin-^^^of 
etiam  devotissiina  mando  obsequia.     Grates  habeo  quod  des^  a 
nulla  vobis  piguit  ratione  memor  esse  mei ;  unde  quasi  ^^^^^^ 
quoddam   jubilum    Isetitise    sic  a  me    excipitur    fSeuni-    *°    '^' 
liaritas  vestri;  nee  tenaeius  volo  subsistat   aliqua  res 
sub  sole  quam  nostrae  amicitise  permaneant  deinceps  in 
omni  tempore.     Qua  de  causa  in  me  sic  de  omnibus 
adquisitis  et  adquirendis  potestis  confidere  quod  non  sit 
vobis   opus   dubitare   de   ulla   qualicunque  rem  quam 
super  •  terram   possideo,    quae   sit  expetenda   ab  aliquo 
qualicumque  amioo.     Nam  si  scirem  quod  res  vobis  ali- 


1  The  MS.  from  which  this  and 
moBt  of  the  following  letters  are 
taken  has  been  terribly  damaged 
by  both  fire  and  water ;  hence  the 
nnmerons  lacunse  which  will  be 
foond  in  the  text  and  some  little 
uncertainty  as  to  the  endings  of  the 
lines.  SnflBcient,  howeyer,  remains 
generally  to  show  the  meaning  of 
the  writers. 

'  There  is  not  mach  in  this  letter 
that  indicates  to  which  of  the  two 
Amnlfs  it  is  addressed.  Amnlf  I., 
who  had  protected  Dnnstan  during 
his  banishment,  and  who,  as  we 
leam  from  Adelard  (above,  p.  59), 
had  restored  the  monastery  of  Blan- 
dinium,  ruled  Handere  from  the 
year  918  to  965.  Amulf  his  grand- 
son, who  succeeded  him,  ruled  from 
965  to  988.  The  tone  of  the  letter 
suggests  that  the  elder  Amulf  was 
the  writer,  and  the  younger,  who 
was  a  child  at  his  succession,  epuld 
scarcely  have  remembered  the  exile 


of  Dunstan.  On  the  other  hand, 
the  fiurt  that  the  count's  ambassa- 
dors required  an  introduction 
through  Dunstan  to  the  king,  seems 
to  indicate  that  the  letter  was  writ- 
ten at  the  beginning  of  a  new  reign, 
that  of  Edward  or  Ethehred.  How- 
CTcr,  on  the  whole  the  former  theory 
is  most  probable.  If  this  be  ac- 
cepted, the  letter  may  be  dated  in 
961,  in  which  year  Adalulf,  who 
was  made  abbot  of  S.  Bertin  on 
April  4,  Tisited  England  with  pre- 
sents from  the  count  to  the  king. 
This  hd  is  mentioned  by  the  monk 
Folkwin  in  the  Cartulary  of  S.  Ber- 
tin, which  he  dedicates  to  Adalulf. 
The  latter  ceased  to  be  abbot  on  his 
return  iu  962.  See  the  Cartulary 
among  the  Documents  Inedits  sur 
I'Histoire  de  France,  pp.  15S,  155  : 
**  Quo  in  tempore  comes  isdem  eun- 
**  dem  dominum  Adalolfhm  cum 
**  exeniis  ad  regem  trans  mate  di» 
'*  rexit  Anglomm." 


30O 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


A.D.0G1.    quse   ex  nostris  placerent,  inprsesentiarum  vobis  liben- 
to^belil!**    tius  mitterem.     Et  quia  ita  pro  certo  et  non  aliter  se 

formdd  what  1.111  1  -ii*ii 

he  can  do     res  naoet,  peto  per  praesentem  geruluin  litteramm  quee- 

thHaA-     ciinque  vobis   de   meis   placuerint  rebus  enudeati  ex- 

"  ^        ponere^  quatenus   vel   sic   valeatis  agnoscere   quantum 

vobis  cupiam  esse   in  omnibus  ubique  amicus.     Itaque 

quod  petimini  si  gratanter  vuliis  agere,  agnoscam  tunc 

quod  communem  verius  velitis  nostram  ampMcare  dilec- 

tionem.     Sin  alias,  de  vobis  plus  dubius  ero  quam  aut 

expedit  aut  mese  voluntatis  exstiterit.    Deus  autem  Om- 

nipotens  faciat  votum  meum  prosperari,  ut  pro  me  et 

conjuge    mea^    copiatis^   supplicare    Ipsum.     Csetenun^ 

Uebegshim  obnixius  oro  ut  amicitias  inter   me  et   inter  dominum. 

to  promote 


He  desires 
hia  pnyen. 


friendnhip    vcstram  regem  tales  nunc  faciatis,  quales  habuerunt  et 
himself  and  antcccssorcs  uostri  ad  invicem  foederatas.      Et  ut  pro 

the  king.  ^ 


pinquitatis  mutuss  memor  sit,  volo  ut  ei  suggeratis  nee 
obliviscatur  sed  magis  intelligat  et  sciat,  quod  non  ut 
extraneum,  verum  etiam  sic  me  debet  amplecti  sicut 
fratrem  et  sicut  proximum  propinquum.'  Miaurus  sum  ' 
itaque  legatos  meos  ad  ipsum  cum  competentibus  sibi 
honoribus,  sed  per  consilium  vestrum  hoc  agere  volo.  - 
He  is  about  Yobis  itaque,  si  visum  fuerit  utile  mihi,  tunc  mandate 

to  MTid  axn' 

baasadora,    mihi    Quomodo  vobis    de   his   placeat,  et   quo   tempore 

who  are  to  *  ^^^      .         ,      *  ,  11 

act  by  Dun-  hoc  essc  possit,  sciucet   ut   m   promptu  rex  habeatur. 

Stan's  ad*  *  *  • 

Volo  enimvero  vos  auctorem  hujus  esse  operis,  quia  hos 
quos  misurus  sum  recto  tramite  ad  vos  destinabo  nun- 
cios. Nam  humilius  rogo  ut  cuncta  quae  acturi  sunt  per 
manus  et  consiliimi  vestrum,  favente  Deo,  prospere  diri- 
gantur.    Addo  etiam  his  meis  petitionibus  rem  quamdam 


vice. 


>  The  wife  of  tlie  elder  Arnulf 
was  Adeliza,  daughter  of  count 
Herbert  II.  of  Vermandois.  The 
wife  of  the  second  was  Susanna  or 
Bosala,  daughter  of  Berenger  king 
of  Italj.  The  former  lady  was  alive 
as  late  as  January  7,  963.  Cart. 
S.  Bertin,  p.  150. 


3  eopicttu]  from  Kowidm,  to  labour, 
as  in  S.  Matt  xiL  28. 

'  The  elder  Arnulf  was  the  son  of 
Baldwin  II.  the  Bald,  hj  Elfthritha, 
the  daughter  of  Alfred,  who  was 
great-aunt  to  Edgar  :  the  relation- 
ship is  more  likely  to  have  been 
brought  into  prominence  by  the 
elder  than  by  the  yoonger  Amiil£ 


RELIQUI^   DUNSTANIAN^. 


361 


nimis  mihi  devotam ;  hoc  est  ut  nostris  viris  monachos    a.d.mi. 
cum  conpetenti  vestro  illorumque  honore  ad  nos  usque  him^itooon- 
mittatis;  sic  etiam  ut  testimonii  causa  vestri  habeant  on  their  °^ 
secum   vestrum    missum    aut   .brevem,    donee    nostram  ^^" 
videant  faciem.  ~ 


V.  Epistola  ad  Arnulfum^  oomitem. 

(MS.  Cotton,  Tiberias  A.  15,  fo.  155,  b.) 

Cunctarum  virtutum  religione   composito  excellentis-  The  writer, 
simoque    ducatus   apice    adomato,    et    largiflua    philo-  ciedMtic! 
sophiqs   scientia  redimito,  atque   utriusque  vitae,  quam  good  wishes, 
quidam   sophistarum,  immo,  ut   ita   dicam,    sapientium 
mirifice  per  n  .  et  e   .   Graecum*  tropice  expressit  or- 
namentis  insignito,  marcioni   non  sececundum'  provi- 
dentiam  Dei  et  duci,  ego  Sancti   N.,  confessoris  adque 
pontificis  coenobii  ardiimandrita,  et  gratia  Dei  antistes, 
devotum   ac  inenarrabile   obsequium         sicut  salutem 

conlaterani   tuae    in   Domino opto   cum   omni  He  has 

dero  meo;  dum  vestrse  munificentifie  rumor,  per  totius  the  good 
Albionis   plagaa   passim    pervolitans  percrebrescit,    exi-  Amuu. 
mius   inde  orthodoxorum  catalogus,  non  theatrales  ut 
comicus  volgo   applausos,  sed  theoricas,  uti   catholicas 
atque  theologus  tripudians,  laudes  pro  vestra  subnixius 


1  This  letter  again  appears  to  be 
addressed  more  probably  to  the 
elder  Amalf.  It  is  almost  impos- 
sible to  identify  the  writer ;  bat  he 
most  have  been  an  English  ecclesi- 
astic of  high  position,  the  head  of  a 
monastery,  and  perhaps  a  bishop. 
The  letteif  N.  probably  represents 
merely  the  word  nomen.  None, 
however,  of  the  English  cathedrals 
has  any  such  dedication,  except 
Winchester,  which  might  possibly 
be  regarded  as  the  chorch  of  St 
Swithan  confessor  and  bishop ;  and 
the  fitct  of  the  letters  ix.,  ziy.,  and 


zxi.,  existing  hi  the  same  collection 
may  point  to  bishop  Ethelwold  or 
Elfege  as  the  writer. 

9  This  is  anintelligible.  The 
copyist  probably  met  with  a  word 
he  coold  not  read,  and  pat  Greecum 
to  show  it. 

'  We  may  conjectnre  that  this 
stands  for  nonno  secandnm,  ftc. 
bat  the  second  word  is  anintelligible. 
Amolf  acted  as  chief  officer,  or 
abbot  of  8.  Bertin.  Nonnas  is  said 
to  be  eqaiyalent  to  Dommus,  See 
below,  p.  880. 


362 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANL 


Heeniames  solet  impendere  sopitate:^  jure  nimirum  cum  in  vobis 

^e,      '  nihil  aliud  esse  cognoscitur^  quam  assiduitas    veritatis^ 

statera  rectitudinis,  conspicua  erga  omnes  bonitas^  uni- 

versa   morum   prseclara  honesias,   isecdesiarum   quoque 

prsefulgida  lampas,    qua  non   modo   affines   parrochi8&, 

quod   plurimorum    est,  fulciendo   corroborantur,   verum 

and  benefkc-  etiam  longe  direptse  ac  remotse  quod  paucorum  est,  in- 

churches.     super  etiam  coenobia  et  delubra^  macenis  penitus  caden- 

tibus  culminibusque  carie  confractis  solotenus  jam  diruta^ 

recuperanda  instaurantur.     Hoc  rumore  et  hac  fama  de> 

ferente  et  reportante  talia  vestra  facta  ad  nos   usque. 

He  sends  a    direximus  vobis  nostri  patris  fratrem  amiatum  videlicet 

messeiucei'  *     —  ^ 

with  letters,  usuali  appcUamine  vocatum   N.   agnomine,  ger  manus 
N.  Scirebumensis  episcopi,  quern  scimus  plenum  cari- 
tatis   et  veritatis,  ut  in  se  innotescat  tibi  quod   babes 
quendam  nostri  ccenobii  librum,  scilicet  evangeliorumy 
to  recover  a  quem  vendiderunt  tibi   duo  nostrates  clerici  inveterati 
has  been      dierum  malorum^'  furantes  ab  ecdesia  ilium  nobis  nes> 
the  church    cientibus,  dimi  essent  quasi  creduli  nobis,  quod  factum  ^ 
i^theoount.  ipsi   postca   confessi  sunt,  facto  miracido  jam   in  illis.  ( 
Hoc    sane    volumen,    venditum    ab    illis    quserentibus  ' 
quandam  midierculam  captam  a  Danis  vestris,  emptum  1 
etiam   a   te   in   villa   tua   quae   dicitur   vulgo'   tribus 
mancusis  nummorum.     Unde  nos   obnixe  precamur  te, 
ut  remittas  nobis  librum  nostrum,  quem  juste  adquisi- 
vit,   ut   perperam   amisit,  eecdesia,  pro  PoUcrati  amore 
pantorumque  agiorum^  in  Christo   quiescentium  bene- 
dictionibus  ;  valeat  semper  incolomes. 


>  So  MS.  for  MotpitaU. 

'  inveterati  dierum  malorum  ] 
**  waxen  old  in  wickedness,"  Dan. 
xiiL  (Sosanna),  52. 

*  The  name  seems  to  be  omitted, 
or  lost  in  the  word  vulgo,  but  there 
is  no  blank  in  the  MS. 


*  PoUcrati  amore  pantorumque 
agionan]  *'  for  the  love  of  God  and 
''  aU  the  saints  :"  a  good  instance  of 
the  waj  in  which  the  borrowed 
Greek  words  were  treated. 


RELIQULE  DUNSTANIAN^. 


36S 


VI.  EPISTOLA.  ad  EADGARUM  R£QEM.^ 
(MS.  Cotton,  Tiberiiis  A.  15,  fo.  159.) 


A.1).  060'975. 


Begi  indito  sceptrum  regiminis  bajolans  dimicando,  The  abbot 
dominuB  et  abba  Sancti  Petri  atque  Audoeni,'  una  cum  or  s.^Qe^ 
monarchia '    sibi    subjectaB    congregationis,    fidelia    in  their  best 

wiflhfis  to 

Chiisto  optant  sibiere^  munia.     Ea  namque  devotione  the  king; 
qua  compuncti   corde  necnon  ore  nee  mora  psallimus  for ^uqm 
nocte  ac  die  pro  illustri  oomite  nostro  Richardo  ^   om-  own  count 
nipotentis  Dei  adminicular  eademque  reciproca  interven- 
tione,  scitote  pro  vobis  orantes,  quatenus   diu  longeve 
vigeatis,  valeatisque  in  futuro  residens    ut  curales^  in 
curia.     Est  enim  ventus  ingens  retonans  auribus  nos- 
tris,  et  exemplo  bonse  actionis  firaglans,  ut  odor  bonus 
ubique   per   cuncta  cosmi    curricula,    quse    sdUcet    in 
sancta  Dei  secdesia  agitur  a  vobis  in  vidtiis,  in  orpha-  Theyhavo 
nis,   in   omnibus   necessitatem   patientibus;   ex  quibus  report  of\is 
laudatus  ab  omnibus   in  Christo   degentibus  caveatis  ^  and  deSre 
iUud  PsalmistaB,  "  Dispersit,  dedit  pauperibus/'  et  cfetera,  the  res&ra- 

^-         •       1  •        />  ••  Vr  •       .       tion  of  their 

quia  omnis  laus  m  fine  camtur.  Msec  ergo  scientes  church. 
flezis  genibus  oramus  ut  a  nobis  perveniat  aliquid 
auxilii  vestri,  quo,  ob  amorem  vestrss  animse  in  redi- 
mendis  peccatis  videlicet  vestris,  restauretur  monaste- 
rium  Sancti  Petri  atque  Audoeni,  qui  etiam'  pro  vobis 
erat  interpellans  Dei  clementiam,  in  cujus  consortio 
noetrorum  copulari  vos  cupimus   ex   hinc  et  deinceps, 


>  Epistola  Audobui,  MS.  This 
18  one  of  the  letters  transcribed  by 
UsBher  from  the  Cotton  MS.,  as 
additaments  to  Spelnuin's  Concilia: 
MS.  Bawlinson,  Misc.  1074. 

*  Perhaps'  Hildebert  abbot  of  S. 
Onen,  who  appears  to  haye  been 
making  great  efforts  for  the  restora- 
tion of  his  monastery  about  this 
time.  See  Martene  and  Dnrand, 
Tlie8aanis,iii.,  1676.  There  is  some 
uncertainty  as  to  the  date  at  which 
he  became  abbot;  William,  after- 
wards abbot  of  Dijon  fix>m  990  on- 


wards, being  named  as  his  prede- 
cessor, whereas  Hildebert  Idmself 
is  said  to  hare  mled  S.  Oaen's  for 
46  years.    Gallia  Chr.  xL  140. 

'  monarchia]  used  in  its  theo- 
logical sense  of  iiatfy. 

^mbierel  subire  (?)  or  somere  (?) 
or  sincere  (?). 

*  Richard  I.  doke  of  the  Nonnans, 
943-996. 

*  cvraki]  possibly  for  ckoraulet, 
a  flnte-player,  mosician,  or  carol- 
singer;  or  for  ctcna&«. 

7  caveati§2  so  the  MS.  forciiiiafif. 


364 


VITA  SANCn  DUNSTANI. 


A.D.  959-076.  si  libet.  Testis  sit  nobis  Dens  quia  non  pro  id  quod  do- 
•nistenco?'^  minus  noster  illud  prsevaJeat  pera^,  verum  ne  per  omnia 
nobis  necessitate  indigentia  potest  compleri  auxilia. 
Qua  de  re  magno  clangore  exposcimus,  ut  non  dedig- 
nemini  nostras  despicere  preces,  quin  ad  nos  perveniat 
auxiliumque  consilium  vestrum,  quibus  valeamus  ope- 
rari  libita  circuli  nostri,  ut  decet  sine  intermissione  pro 
vobis  orantes  si  feceritis  ea. 


VII.  Epistola  Johannis  papa  xm.  ad  Eadgabuk 

REGEM.^  . 

AJ).965-97t.     Johannes  episcopus,   servus   servorum    DeL^  Eogaro 

fliaiSoRa^i^gi  excellentissimQ/atque   omnibus   episcopis,  diidbus, 

'^^^^        comitibusy  abbatibus,  et  cuncto  fideli   populo  Anglicffi 

gentisy,  Chrifltianam  ealutem    et    apoatoUcam   benedic- 

tionem. 

^pope         Quoniam  semper  sunt   concedenda  qu£e  rationalibus 

Edgar's  seal.  qu£eruntur  desideriis,  oportet  ut  vestrse  piae   petitionis 

studium   in   privilegiis   minime   offendatur  prsestandis. 

Scimus   enim,   gloriose   fili,  imperii   vestri    dignitatem 

zelo  divinse  legis  ita  undique  munitam,  ut  indesinenter 

pro  venerabilium  locorum  p^rcogitet  stabilitate;  quate- 

.    ^     nus  proveniente  pro  labore  schola  Dominici  multiplici* 


^  The  following  letter  was  firgt 
printed  by  archbishop  Parker  in  the 
Antiqoitates,  whence  it  was  taken 
bj  Alford,  Annates  iii.  349;  by 
Coqaelines,  Bullarinm,  i.  262  ;  and 
by  Mansi,  xviii.  483.  If  it  be  ge- 
nuine, and  it  is  received  as  such  by 
Ja^,  its  date  will  &11  between  the 
years  965  and  972  ;  the  chronology 
of  the  life  of  Edgar  and  Ethelwold 
famishes  no  closer  limits.  I  have 
not  socceeded  in  discoTering  the 
MS.  from  which  it  was  taken  by 
Parker,  and  I  should  not  Yonch  for 
its  genoineness ;  bat  if  it  be  a  for- 
gery, it  most  be  an  early  one,  as 
(he  monks  of  Winchester  after  the 
Conqneit  tried  to   maintain   thai 


their  church  had  been  originally 
monastic,  whilst  this  letter  would 
show  that  it  was  filled  with  secuUtf 
clerks  in  the  time  of  Ethdwold,  as 
indeed  is  clear  from  his  biography. 
A  late  forger  would,  howeyer,  hare 
spoken  of  the  church  under  the  title 
of  S.  Swithun.  The  use  of  the 
word  canomci  for  secular  clerks, 
occurring  in  a  papal  letter,  is  not 
significant ;  but  there  is  no  eyidence 
that  the  cathedral  clergy  bore  this 
name  in  England  until  the  ere  of 
the  Conquest  It  is  worth  while 
observing  how  nearly  the  language 
of  the  letter  resembles  that  of  the 
JRegularit  Concordia,  in  the  Mon. 
Angl.  ToL  i  p.  xxTiii. 


r    r 

I 


f 


•i 


r 


^ 


BELIQULfi  DUNSTANIAN^.  365 


f. 


ter  servitii,  et/largitori   omnium   Deo   abunde   fructus  a.d.  9«6-072. 
referantur  mmeni.     Quare,  rex  indyte  ac  fill  carissime>  the  canons 
quod   vestra   excellentia    per   firatrem   et    coepiscopummoredfrom 
nostrum  Dunstanum  ab  hac   apostolica  sede,  cui  licet  Minster  at 

•J  -i.  -C  J'  J-    Winchester. 

immenti  prsesidemus,  exposcit,  omnibus  modis  concedi- 
mua,  auctoritate  apostolica  sancientes,  ut  de  monasterio 
.  in  Wintonia  dvitate  in  honorem   SanctsB  Trinitatis    et        ^^  t 

beatissimorum   apostolorum    Petri   et   Fauli   conjuncto,         .   r  ^  -  ^  '^ 
quod  vetus,  differentia  novi  illius  quod  juxia  est  ooe-       ,  )     * 

nobii,  cognominatur,  canonici,  dominor  episcopo  et  \)mni-  -"  ^  J\      f^ 

bus  catholicse  fidei  cultoribus   ex   pli^ntibus  culparum 
suarum  turpitudinibus  odibiles,  et  in  eisdem  secundum 
impcenitens    cor   eorum   inverecunde  perdurantes,   cum 
suo  prseposito,  utpote  vasa  diaboli,  ejiciantur;   et  sicutBtheiw^ 
vestra  sublimitas  desiderat,  dilectissimus   frater   et  co-duqeand 

TOWT»t^iTl  a 

episcopus    noster    Ethelwaldus,    regularibus   disdplinis  b^^^^ 
apprime  imbutus,  monachorum  secundum  prsecepta  re-^.*oei«ct 
guise  viventium  gregem  enutriat,  eisque  inibi  perpetuum  ^"d- 
^  /*  ,     mansionem  statuat  ille,  qui  eorum  vitam  ita  sanctitatis 

.  '         moribus  exomet,  ut   pastore   ad   laboris   sxd  prsemium 
vocato,  non  aliunde  quam   ex   ilia  congregatione  alter 
in  locum  regiminis  succedat.     Quod   si   impedientibus, 
quod  absit,  peccatis,  ad  hoc  pontificale  officium  in  eadem 
congregatione  idoneum   inveniri  minime  posse  contige- 
rit,  auctoritate  apostolorum  principis  Petri,  cui  Dominus 
ac  Salvator  noster  ligandi  solvendique  potestatem  con- Noderkis 
tradidity  prsecipimus,  ui  nemo  ex  dericorum  ordine  ad  that  church, 
hujus   regimen   ecclesise   promoveatur ;   sed  potius    ex 
alia  qualibet  congregatione  qxd   dignus  inventus  fuerit^ 
monachus  assumatur,  et   huic   ecclesise  prseficiatur.     Si 
quis  enim  interea,  quod  non  credimus,  hsec  apostolicse  • 

sedis  privilegii    decreta  irrita  facere,  et  ea  qusB  'nobis  *^  . 

pie  indulta  sunt  intaminare  prsesumpserit,  auctoritate 
ejusdem  coelestis  davigeri  Petri,  omniumque  successo- 
mm  ejus,  sdat  se  anathematis  vinculo  innodatum,  et 
in  illo  magni  judicii  die  perpetualiter  damnandum.  In 
Christo  valeas,  domine  fili. 


366 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


A.D.  969-075. 


The  conere- 

gtion  of  S. 
merieve, 
atPariBi 
ialute  the 
king. 


Theorpny 
for  him  cx>i\- 
stentlyat 
theBmrine 
of  their 
BBint. 


Th^  thank 
him  for  a 
giftof    . 
money. 


Vni.  Epistola  ad  Eadqarum  BEGSM.^ 

(MS.  Cotton,  Tiberius  A.  15,  fo.  167.) 

Anglomm  in  regno  regalis  antistiti  suggestu  lucu- 
lenter  prseminenti,  Eadgaro,  uranei  terrenique  dogmatis 
fastu  inedicibiliter  omnino  pollenti,  principum  aposto- 
lorum  Petri  ac  Fauli  insignisque  virginis  Oenove&e  con- 
cio,^  quicquid  honoris  gyrus  continet  orbis,  ac  quicqidd 
tripudii  ambitus  coeli. 

Vestrae  altitudini  regise  nottiin  fieri  molimnr,  quod  in 
unanimitate  consonoque  rabulatu  devincti,  quantum 
divinse  pietatis  quimus  contemplari  oromate'  intemo 
theoremata,  coelic83  majestatis  auditum  orandi  continua- 
tione  percellimus,  ante  mausoleum  prsecelsse  virginis 
Genovefe,  ut  rex  regum  inoleat  inefiabiliter  vestri 
numinis  cidmen  inter  vivendum,  et  dehinc,  post  fata 
busti,  perpetis  vitsB  natalem,  secumque  regnandi  prse- 
rogativam^  enpirios^  inter  lapides  siderei  diadematis 
"conferat  vobis.  'Egregia  siquidem  cupidine  connexi 
velle  regnandi  cum  Illo,  trans  &eta  nobis  direxistis  ar- 
genti  munia,  ut  hujusmodi  largitate  exultans  pneuma 
per  tantse  virtutis  bratthea  *^  perveniat  ad  setemae  amoe- 
nitatis  peribula.  Vestras  profecto  vere  felicissimas  ad- 
serimus  gazas,  quae  sic  in  egentium  manus  ecclesiarum- 
que  agmina  erogantur,  ut  sethereo  foenore  coelestis  doxse 


t  This  letter  also  wbb  transcribed 
by  Ussher  :  see  above,  p.  863.  It 
is  mentioned  by  Leland,  Coll.  ii. 
404,  who,  howeyer,  giyes  the  title 
as  <<  Epistola  Fecontionis  decani 
"  S.  Genoveftae  ad  Eadgamm  Be- 
**  gem,"  haying  read  the  words 
"  Genovefffi  concio  "  confusedly. 

^  The  monastery  of  S.  Genevieve 
at  Paris.  The  first  dean  of  S.  Gene- 
vieve named  in  the  Gallia  Chris- 
tiana, vii.  705,  is  named  FeUx,  and 
is  placed  in  the  tenth  century.    He 


may  have  been  the  writer  of  the 
letter. 

'  oromate]  for  Spdfiart;  a  form 
not  nnconmion  from  the  time  of 
Aldhelm. 

^  enpirioa']  empyrios. 

^  breUthea]  fipax^^  brevia,  as  op- 
posed to  atema  amcBnitatis  peribula. 
The  last  word  occurs  in  the  first 
life  of  Dnnstan  in  the  meaning  of 
walls  (above,  p.  8),  in  which  sense 
peribolus  is  used^in  the  Vulgate, 
Ezek.  xlii.  7,  10. 


B£LIQUL£  DUNSTANIAKJS. 


367 


mercentur  vobis  prsemia  insestimabili  ac  ineffabili  or- 
natu  decussata.  Yere  prsedara  nus^  vestra  et  sauctse 
intentionis  opinione  subnixa^  quae  sic  coelitis  aregidiffi' 
dogmate  irrigatse,  ut  in  ea  cunctipotens  habitet^  omni 
pravitate  castigata  postulatibus  maritata,  cuncta  boni- 
tate  augustissima !  Syrmatis  hujus  munxiscula,  mystid 
caumatis  retinentes  cmsmata,^  his  aforismis^  accipite 
quomodo  nostri  apex  loci  exordia  sumpsit,  et  famulans 
ibi  Domino  katerva  obsequi  sategit.  Cblodovsens  deni- 
que  rex  Francorum,  totius  trophsei  compos^  qui  primus 
rex  apud  nos,  admonitu  prsetaxatae  virginis,  baptismi 
gratiam  nactus  periergiam  ^  arripere  decrevit,  et  archis- 
teum  ^  mirse  pulchritudinis  in  honore  principum  aposto- 
lorum  confecit;  et  adeo  mens  ejus  devota  huic  loco 
extitit,  ut  quibusque  modis  penitus  ab  eo  sublimatus 
"  altera  Boma  "  sortitus  adesset  vocabulum.  Hoc  siqui- 
dem,  cooperante  fide  Christi,  repletus  victor  evolavit  ad 
sidera,  clavigero  coeli  reserante  iUi  paradisi  ostia.  Ibi 
exinde  prselibata  virgo  humata  adfiiit,  tantis  prsefiilgens 
prodigiis  ut  lingua  centenis  distincta  boatibus  expri- 
mendis  nuUatenus  sufficiat,  nisi  quia  per  pluiimum  ejus 
verbo  coecis  dies^  daudis  gressus,  exanimatis  vita,  et  a 
quacunque  peste  detentis  sospitas  sine  mora  restituta 
fuit.  Centenus  namque  canonicorum  ordo  ibi  floruit, 
sed  pro   Danorum^  imminutione  media  pars   depreta^ 


A.  If.  959~976. 
Good  wishes. 


AoGonnt  of 
their  f oun- 


Clomthe 
first  COuris- 
tiaakixwot 
the  Franks, 
built  their 
monastery. 


ItwasoaUed 
a  second 
Some. 


Miracles  of 
S.  Goie- 
▼iere. 


A  hundred 

canons 

there. 


'  nus"]  vovs, 

'  aregiSa"]  The  passage  is  un- 
intelligible and  probably  cormpt. 
The  ▼Old  regidium  is  explained  by 
Fapias  as  divimtas, 

*  syrmatis  and  crusmata  are  mu- 
sical terms,  the  former  signifying  a 
long  drawn  sound,  and  the  latter 
the  single  notes  produced  by  striking 
the  string  of  the  lyre  :  the  cauma 
must  refer  to  the  mystic  fire  of  in- 
spiration, but  there  is  a  cross  me- 
taphor. 

*  aforismis']  aphorismis. 

*  periergiam^    from   w€pl€pyos ; 


apparently  in  the  sense  of  exceeding 
care. 

'  arehisteum]  arehisterium— asce- 
terium,  hinefjriiploy ;  a  monastery. 

7  The  church  was  burned  by  the 
Danes  in  856,  according  to  Mabil- 
lon,  Ann.  O.  S.  B.  iii.  55  j  who, 
however,  would  have  learned  from 
this  letter,  had  he  ever  seen  it,  that 
canons,  and  not  monks,  were  then 
in  possession. 

*  depreta']  The  word  is  illegible 
in  the  original  MS. :  possibly  it 
should  be  depressa,  or  dqfntdata. 


368 


VTTA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


A.D.8;(9-976.  consisiit,  etiam  enormi  temporis  interstitio  muldberis 
ruinSd  by  gatture  ipse  locus  onmino  persistit  concrematus,  in  cajxis 
and  needs'    resedificatione   potentum   adminicula   caremus.      Fortes 

restoration.      ii-i*«  <•  *  i*  .  , 

et  seduli  in  oratione  pro  vobis  perseverantes  vestrum 
denotatum  habemus  nomen  nostra  inter  agiographa,  ut 
vestrum  memoriaJe  in  vita  obituque  sit  semper  nobis- 
cum,  et  gratia  regnandi  cum  Christo  optentu  sanctorom, 
quibus  deservimus,  vobis  eveniat;  bmfii.^ 

O  decus  imperii  oertisBima  spes  quoque  regni, 
Aule  Dei  mentem  obducat  tibi  et  entole*  conviet,' 
Alluat  sethereusque  calor  banc  de  pietate, 
Pauperi  ut  aporiam^  tollas  et  gaudia  prsestes; 
Donis  ditaturque  tuis  canonicus  ordo ; 
Gaudia  sanctorum  ut  capias  cum  stemmate  doxce,^ 
Muneribusque  tuis  nosmet  si  visere  Sanctis 
AmbigeriS;  totum  Domini  gestabit  in  aulam, 
Angelicus  templumque  tibi  hie  splendens  struct  ordo. 
.Qu8B  bona  sunt  jugiter  bjciBSy  et  quad  maJa  nunquam, 
Crimine  depulsus  consistas  in  bonitate, 
Junctus  ccelicolis  socius  ketaris  in  astris ; 
Hanc  rem  quo  capias  animo  rex  suigere  nobis. 
Talis  in  theca  fac  quam  sentire  queamus. 

Periodos. 


1  bmfk]  Cypher  for  Amen,  See 
Hampflon,  Med.JBT.  Ealend.  L  434. 

*  aule  .  .  entole]  Avle  is  pro- 
l»ablj  the  &vX4  of  8.  John  x.  1,  the 
Bheepfbld  ;  entole  is  irroKii,  the 
command. 

*  camriet']     The  word  may  be 


read  comnet  or  comoet :  the  forms 
are  equally  unintelligible.  Conviet 
from  conviare,  to  accompany,  gives 
some  sense. 

*  airop<a,  helpless  poverty. 

*  ffr4/iftaTt  8^i7f,  the  crown  of 
glory. 


It/*'  A<. 


BELIQUI^  DUNSTANIAN^.  369 


^r      :u.- 


IX.  Epistola  Lantfrithi  ad  Wintonienses.^ 

(MSS.  Cotton,  Tiberius  A.  15,  to,  144 ;  Yespasum  A.  14,  fa  156.) 

Dilectissimis  fratribns   Wintonise   commorantibus   in  AD.cir.0so. 
'Sancti  Petri  coenobio   quod   nuncupatur  vetustissimum  Jjg^^'^^ 
jugis  Concordia,  salus  ac  perhennis  gloria,  gaudium  in- JJJ^JJ^  **' 
cnarrabile,  splendor   sine   fine,  pax  sempitema,  karitas  *'*"■**'• 
t^v»  /       eontinua  hie  et^XBlo  multipUcetnr  a  Domino. 

'  Licet,  karissimi  atque  affabiles  adelphi,  per  imiversam  He  under- 

ferme  Europam   sint   divulgata  penitus  miracula,   qusegraaimis- 
prsepotens  Auctor  miraculorum  diimatiis  est  largiri  gen-  reute  the^ 

^     .  x'l  A       1  «  .    «    Tir       .  .1  i«  miracleiof 

,  tibus  Anglorum  per  Sancti  Switnuni  mentum,  tamen  s.  swithun. 
ne  tanta  Dei  beneficia  queant  posteritatem  latere  suc- 
•cedentem,  neqiiissimns  cunctorum  pravis  actibiis  homi- 
num,  utpote  nulla  divinse  prserogativa  sdentise,  nulla 
fultus  bonitatis  auctoritate,  verum  Vjestris  obtemperans 
jussionibus,  vestris  confisus  orationibus,  tremens  ad 
tantam  pelagi  magnitudinem  accessi,  et  quasi  stillam  de 
undis  oceani,  ita  de  plurimis  sancti  miracuUs  perpauca 
decerpsi.  Quapropter  efflagito  Conditorem  rerum,  qua- 
tenus  non  meum  respidat  meritum  sed  effectus  juben- 
tum ;  vos  etiam  pro  meis  precor  orare  deliquiis,  ne  me 
•seducat  spiritus  fialsitatis.  Nimirum  animus  terrenis 
inretitus  curis  nihil  veritatis  excogitare  potent,  nisi 
prius  fallads  caligines  erroris  spiritus  scientiae  et  pie- 
tatis  expulerit.  Et  quoniam  perparum  sdmus  de  sig-  He  knows 
nis  mirabilibus,  prodigiis  ac  virtutibus,  quse  sanctus  iste  those  which 
in  sua  gessit  orationibus  vita,  nimirum  ut  inqidd  Pris-  wrought 

.  o  <•  1*  •!••  t^    3"    when  alive. 

eianus'  auctor  grammaticse  artis  pentissimus,  studiis 
litterarum  transeuntibos  in  neglegentiam  propter  scrip- 
iorum  inopiam,  veniamus  ad  ea  quae  post  ejus  obitum 


^  This  IB  the  dedicatoiy  epistle 
prefixed  to  Lantfirith's  work  on  the 
Miracles  of  S.  Swithan,  which 
•exists  in  MS.  in  the  British  Moseom, 
MS.  Beg.  XV.  c.  7.  The  letter  has 
lieen  printed  by  Wharton  in  the 


Anglia  Sacra,  i.  322.  It  was  tran- 
scribed by  Dr.  JafSS  from  the  Ves- 
pasian MS.,  see  p.  880  below. 

'  Priscian,   Institut   p.    1,   ed. 
Hertz. 

A  A 


370 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


i-f-*  / 


/ 


Thewii-      indubitanter    sunt   peracta  ad  viri  Dei   tumulum.     Id- 

gious  duty  **" 

^m^^^_  drcoque  accessimus  maxime  ad  evolvenda  hujus  sancti 

oies  known,  miracula,   quoniam   ut   beneficia  Dei   dignissimum  est 

laudare   et  justissimum  ea  nescientibus   prsedicare,   sic 

( .     yf^  <» — iniquissimum   est  ilia   silendo    negare,  et  nequissimum 

^tdem   ignorantibus   non   enarrare.     Humanus/aDimus   ^^^4^ 
istius   est  naturae   ut,  quotiescumque  legendo  didicerit,    ' 
vel  audiendo,  sacros  actus  antiquorum  vel  mores  patrum, 
relinquat   cordis   duritiam  deseratque  mentis  contuma- 
ciam, sectatricem  vitiorum,  et  inclinetur   ad  misericor- 
diam,  secteturque  humilitatem  magistram  virtutum. 


X.  Epistola  ad  Dunstanum  archiepiscopum. 

(MS.  Cotton,  Tiberias  A.  15,  fo.  154  b.) 


AJ).969-088. 

The  writer 
■ends  his 


r 


Gloriosissimo  et  sanctissimo  fratri  Dunstano  archi- 
episcopo,  visitationem  onmimodam,  salutem  mellifluam 
^jJiSSmu  ®*  benedictionem  apostolicam.^  De  vestra  valde  gaudeo 
prosperitate  et  de  munere  caritatis  vestrse  multum  ga- 
visus  sum,  tot  agens  gratias  quod  dentes  in  dono 
numeravi 

Multiplices  grates  tibi  sint,  laudesque  salutes, 
Tot  tibi  sint  grates  simt  guttsB  quot  pluviarum, 

Quot  folia  et  sabula,  sidera  quotque  poli. 
Tot  tibi  sint  laudes  per  mundum  quot  creaturse, 

Quot  gleuse*  et  pulvis,  saxaque,  ligna  simuL 
Quot  fieri  possunt  ponti  de  gurgite  stillae, 

Tot  tibi  proveniant  munera  clara  Dei. 
Cunctaque  complector ;  tibi  tot  sint  gaudia  semper 

Quot  nullum  capere  cor  queat  os[ve]  loqui. 


^  From  the  salatation  the  writer 
appears  to  hare  been  a  prelate  of 
hi^  rank,  though  scarcely  the  pope 
himself.  The  present  for  which  he 
returns  thanks  most  have  been, 
unless  the  word  daUea  is  corrupt. 


the  head  of  some  saint ;  or  perhaps, 
as  is  suggested  to  me  by  a  learned 
firiend,  a  comb  of  English  work* 
manship. 

'  gletuE']  glebsB  (?). 


RELIQUL£  DUN3TANIAN^. 


371 


Te  delecte  .  .  pe  me  quia  laetificasti  a.d.»«hw8. 

Doctorum  ductor  sapiens  tu  vir  sapientmn !  SdKSS?. 

^tu  tuba  coelestis,  tu  nabli^  cordaque  cautrix^ 

Tu  in  montem  passer  migrans,  tu  castaque  turtur, 

Tu  astutus  colober,  cervus  qui  transilit  Alpes, 

Tu  coccos  bis  tinctus^  Christum   et  amando  propin- 

quus, 
Tu  fons  irriguus  foecundans  arida  mentis, 
Promere  digne  nequeunt  te  famine  mille; 
Came  es  sic  pulcher  sic  pulcher  acumine  sensum 

Alter  te  nullus  pulchrior  esse  queat; 
Es  sapiens,  verax,  soUers,  mitissimus,     .     .     . 
Prsesagus,  Celebris,  dapsilis  atque  po[litus], 
Facundus,  castus,  demens,  cautusque,  benignus, 
Jocundus,  famosus,  clarus,  fortis,  amandus, 
Angelicus,  dulcis,  verecundus,  sequus  ubique; 
Tu  coluber  prudens,  simplex  sine  felle  columba ; 
Te  genus  et  sensus  dat  cimctis  esse  sodalem, 

Te  mihi  propitium  prsestet  arnica  fides. 

Quapropter,  O  karissime  frater,  inter  occupationes  Counaaia 
sseculi  non  obliviscas  tui,  sed,  dum  corpus  epulis  pasd-  mgs. 
tur,  anima  eleemosynis  reficiatur,  et  dum  fettigata  ex 
itinere  membra  quiete  refocilantur,  mens  in  Deo  ora- 
tionibus  roboretur.  Nam  pietas  in  pauperes  gesta 
SBtema  remuneratur  beatitudine.  Haec,  frater  mi,  faciens 
floreas  in  omni  virtute  decore,  et  te  quocunque  vadis 
divina  comitetur  protectio.  Cujus  .  .  ubique  deducat, 
prosperet,  ac  redeimtem  cum  omni  prosperitate  dtius 
reducat;  vigeas,  valeas,  duldssime  Dunstane. 


^  The  name  of  a  musical  instm- 
ment  occnrring  several  times  in  the 
Vnlgate,  and  tnmslated  in  the  Au- 
thorised Version  hy  the  word  /iso/- 
Ufy,  I  Chron.  zt.  16,  20,  S8. 


'  coccoM  bis  Hnciut]  the  scarlet  of 
the  Authorised  Version,  Exodus 
xxviL  16. 


A  A  2 


372 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


A.D.969-9S8. 

The  writer 
thuiksGod 
for  ndsingr 
upDuiutan 
to  be  a 
iniideto 
the  English 
in  a  time  of 
trouble. 


[  U^"     / 


He  comforts 
him  with 
Holy 
Scripture. 


Praises  of 
Dunstan. 


XI.  Epistola  ad  Dunstanum  ARCHIEPISCOPUM.^ 

(MS.  Cotton,  Tiberius  A.  15,  fo.  158.) 

Prsestantissimo  D.  Dorobemensis  ecclesise  archiepi- 
soopo  pacem  et  triumphalem  justitise  coronam.  Bene- 
dictus  sit  Deus  Qui  vos  inter  tot  88vi  labentis  pericula 
genti  Anglorum,  veluti  quondam  Babilonise  Danielem 
Israhelitico  populo,  tarn  idoneum  praBstitit  advocatum ; 
prsecipue  ex  quo  vulgus,  multitudinis  arbitrio  deditus, 
divinum  cultum  abhondnando  spemit  penitus,  et  rem- 
publicam,  omnino  lege  soluta  majorum,  Fetro  apostolo 
dicente,  "  Subditi  estote  omni  humanse  creaturse  propter 
''  Deum,  sive  regi/'  et  csetera.  Sed  quia  nulli  comes 
agrum  serere  nisus  quo  frui  debeatur  in  messe,  agonio 
tristi  homo  calumpniaris,  adeo  ut  vix  in  limine  te  stare 
permittit  improborum  insolentia,  ideo  Deo  gratias  refe- 
rens,  ineptias  eorum  flocci  pendens,  satis,  nimis  gratu- 
laris  in  SBona,  apostolo  dicente,  "Non  sunt  condignsB 
"  passiones  hujus  temporis  ad  futuram  gloriam,"  et 
csetera  exemplaxia  agise  scripturse,  per  quse,  omni  vani- 
tate  caleata»  et  spe  vocationis  nostras  per  .  .  .  uducente, 
transeamus  ad  coelestia  amcena^  qualia  nee  oculus  yidit, 
nee  auris  audivit,  nee  in  cor  hominis  ascendit.     Amen. 

Auge  potens  speculans  speculator  gentis  Anglorum 

Assecla  gregei'  Dunstane  curagulse. 
T lepos,  lex  quotidiana 

V     .     .    .     .    verax  rethoris  Ausonise. 
O     ....     is  habens  tripplids  discrimina  linguae, 

Pervolitans  rumor  implet  ovile  tuum. 


^  ThiB  letter  would  appear,  iroxn 
the  scanty  internal  exidence,  to 
ha^e  been  written  to  *  Dunstan  dur- 
ing some  political  struggle  in  which 
he  had  been  defeated ;  probably 
that  which  occurred  after  the  death 
of  Edward  and  the  election  of  Ethel- 
red  the  Unready. 


■  greffei]  The  word  is  nearly 
illegible;  possibly  it  should  be 
"  egregie  **  or  **  Gregorii  "  ;  curaguk 
is  a  low  Latin  form  from  cura,  and 
is  used  by  several  of  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  kings  in  the  sense  of  the 
guardian  of  the  people. 


REUQUI^  DUNSTANIAN^.  373 

Cingola  utrinque  tose  redolent  abdomine  Paulii  a.d.96(H)88. 

Qui  fmt  ipse  Dei  gratia  sola  quod  est.^  wiSh^sfFtui 

Scilicet  exemplar  prophetarum  luce  coruscans,  miah;^^ 

Ferversos  stolidos  corripiensque  doces. 
Instar  Hieremise  infiindens  luctabile  carmen^ 

Psalmodias  replicans  ssepe  Deum  alloqueris. 
Inde  super  nardum  fragrat  tuus  odor  in  aula, 

Quse  meminit  moderans  simbola  apostoUca. 
Emulat  adomenon^  psallomenon,  aulomenonque 

Armonias  omnes,  psallere  laude  tua.  ^^^ 

Ardtenens  tandem  superabis  frsena  Bachantum  ^iio«nd 

.  *^  Minerva. 

Tissipnone  cmcta  temporis  id  comitum. 
Dextra  Minerva  protexit  edem  insseviente  Philippo, 

Sic  operse  pretium  est^  subvenias  citius. 
Oratione  tua  seu  forte  inlaqueantur  iniqui. 

Qui  actuum  usurpasse  jura  aliena  avide. 
Discriminando  Deus  videat  molimina  sparsa 

Ccelotenus  servans  teque  tuosque.     Satis. 


XII.   EPISTOLA  ad  DuNSTANUM  ARCmEPISCOPUM. 
(MS.  Cotton,  Tiberius  A.  15,  fb.  160,  b.) 

Dimstan  amande  vale,  prsesul  dignissime,  salve,  Farewell  to 

Dulcis  amor  patriae  Dunstan  amande  vale. 
Dunstan  amande  vale,  florens  in  tempora  salve, 

Tu  decus  ecclesise  Dunstan  amande  vale. 
Dunstan  amande  vale,  carpendo  gaudia  vitse, 

Tu  mihi  pars  animse  Dunstan  amande  vale. 
Francia  quot  vites  gignit^  quot  Fresia  flores, 

Qaudia  perpetuse  prosperitatis  alas. 
R pisces 

Tot  tibi  felices  sint,  pater  alme,  dies. 
Quot  coelo  stellsB,  pelago  numerantur  arense. 

Tot  tibi  sint  vitse  gaudia  perpetuse. 

>  1  Cor.  XV.  10. 


874 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


A.D.M0-fi88. 

Bxhortation 
to  charity. 


Non  jam  pastus  erit  digne  duloedine  coenffi 
Qui  domino  mensaB  non  infert  fragmina  [plenae] 
Quisquis  et  extremum  spreverit  sine  tegmine  [virum] 
Ulic  stridorem  patietur  fiigore  durum. 
Lucis  amore  caret  tenebris  demersus  iniquis^ 
Non  curans  alios,  solis  qui  pardt  amicis. 
Auctorem  vitsB  non  coeli  in  culmine  cemit 
Pauperis  et  minimi  vocem  qui  in  lumine  spemit. 
Mansuram  Dominus  requiem  non  sequiparavit 
Foscenti  sedem  qui  sic  prsestare  negavit. 
Solvere  qui  non  vult  hie  vinctum  pondere  [poense] 
Non  jam  partus  erit  digne  dulcedine  coense. 


XIII.  Epistola  ad  Dunstanum  archipr^sulem.' 

(MS.  CottoD,  Tiberias  A.  15,  fo.  165.) 

Beverentissimo  Dei   magno  cultori    D.   archipraesuU, 


The  writer 

knowing  .,.,  j.         t  j        j  x'j. 

the  merits    exilii    catcnuus   admodum  retitus  servus 

of  IHuistan 
scarcely 
Tentures 
to  accost 


intimse   subjectionem   precumque  ad  i tionem 

corporis,  cum  certitudine  quae  Christus  instans  ait. 
Cemens  te  in  ecclesia  Dei  plurimarum  virtutum 
fulsum  doctrinis,  patemitatem  tuam  gratulabundus 
subirem,  si  linguse  nodositatem  jubUatione  non  de- 
sperarem  infirmari,  antequam  articulus  voluntatis  stilo 
cederet  servitutem  dictantL  Sed  si  omnes  corporis 
mei  artus  in  unum  gratulationis  globum  unirentur, 
prius  lassarentur  ossicula  quam  laudationis  verbula. 
Qui    recolarum^  universarum    consolationisque   expers 


'  The  tone  of  this  letter  may  be 
compared  with  that  of  B.  to  Ethel- 
gar,  Ko.  xxi.  below.  Fossiblj  the7 
are  the  work  of  the  same  writer ; 
and  some  similarity  may  be  traced 
between  this  letter  and  the  prologue 
to  the  life  of  Donstan,  above,  pp. 
3-5.  The  writer  would  seem  to 
have  been  a  foreigner  who  had  put 
himself  under  the  patronage  and 


mund-byrd  of  Dunstan,  and  had  been 
received  by  him  within  the  circle  of 
his  friends  and  counsellors. 

'  recoiarum]  recularum  or  rescU' 
latum ;  recola,  a  diminutiTe  of  res, 
used  by  Apuleius.  It  seems  to  be 
the  same  word  as  resceUa,  the  more 
common  form,  used  by  Dnnstan's 
biographer  above,  p.  262. 


BELIQULE  DUNSTANIAN^.  375 

cum  exstitissem^  mundiburdium  tuum  velut  tutissimi  A.D.950-088. 
litoris  herbidontes   planities  adii,   gremiique    tui    sinu  mUi^the^ 
velud  filius  propemodum  adoptionis  beneficio  susceptus  ;  heS^rSf 
a^    veluti    quinquagenmn   vemulam    quern    tibi    notaggjf^'^"^ 
famulaminis  dictavit  agnitio,  muneribus  ditasti,   et  de 
stercore   erexisti,  nobiliumque    tuorum    sodetati  eequi- 
parasti.     Talia  me  ad  fependendum  edoctum   assentio, 
illius  tamen  adminiculum  nuper  .  .  .  quimus,  qui  digtle  He  Dnys 
flagitantibus  non  denegavit,  tibi  .  .  .  cum  exultatione  wardUm. 

metere  faciat  quod pro  veneratione  nomi- 

nis    sui    largius   seminasti^   ut   cum  beatorum   numero 
solares  merearis  intrare  amoenitates,  ac  Deum  facie  ad 

fadem    videndo    cum    ipse 

regnando.     Vale. 

Jam  mea  cura  premit,  quo  me  quod  nescio  vertam^  SS^Sy  ^ 
Anxia  mens  mihimet  curarum  fluctuat  sestu.  ^^^^/ 

and  media- 
Ad  te  confugio  D.  dignissime  prsesul,  k^^^'^w^ 

Domn'e  pater  miserere,  tui  miserescito  servi.  jetumto 

IT  '  nig  own 

Sola  salus  in  te ;  per  te  confido  juvari,  country. 

Regis  ut  almiflui  merear  pietate  potiri, 

Quo  dqnet  reditum  patriae  praestetque  reversum, 

Meque  simul  domino  qui  vult  legata  remandet. 

Instat  hiems  metuenda  maris  minitando  peridum, 

Decrescunt  soles,  augentur  tempora  noctis. 

Auxiliare  mihi  potis  es,  succurre  dolenti. 

Sola  mihi  superest  pietas  tua  certa  juvandi 

XJnica  spes,  et  tuta  fides,  ne  desine  coeptum.  £?■**" 

Me  mare  transmenso  demens  hucusque  juvabas,         daoedhtm 

^re  gravem,  donis  hilarem,  fiildmine  Isetum, 

Regis  adusque  fores  hujus  tua  per  loca  ducens. . 

Me,  venerande  pater,  per  te  nunc  opto  reductum; 

Porrige,  domne,  manum  jam  jam  sub  gurgite  merso. 

Si  mihi  sis  dextra  quid  agat  non  euro  sinister,  Smarif*'^ 

Nam  mihi  te  solum  delegi  ex  omnibus  imum  altogether 

Ex esse  mei  fer 

Sum  tuus  id  quod  sum,  dum  spiritus  hos  regit  artus, 
Quomecunque  vocat  [mundi]  vel  temporis  ordo, 


376 


VITA  SANCri  DUNSTANL 


A.D.05lh988. 


Salve  sancte  pater,  salve  carissime,  salve  I 

Accipe  domne  tuus  quae  dat 

Yelle  magis  sapio  quod  tu  quam  dona  requiris : 
Sint  monimenta  mei  tamen  hsec,  ea  spemere  [nolisj. 


A.D.974-W8. 

Alet;t6ror 
mtitade  to 
Danstan. 


The  writer 
will  return' 
if  bidden, 
not  else. 


He  wants  to 
have  his 
book  re- 
turned to 
him. 


Xrv.  Epistola  ad  Dunstanum> 

(MS,  Cotton,  Tiberiofl  A.  15,  fb.  168.) 

Fontificali  infulaa  dignitatis  apostolicae  sublimato  di- 
centissimo  cunctarumque  virtutum  daritudine  .... 
prseclui  D.  archiprsesuli,  L  .  .  .  infimus  dulorum,*  j^g^ 
et  indefessum  utriusque  vitsB  tripudium  in  ObristO' 
redemtore  omnium.  *  Grates  vobis  ineffabiles,  munifieen- 
tissime  pater,  pura  de  mente  refert  de  bonis  quae  ei 
contuUstis  patemo  more,  quam  plurimis  valde  egenti, 
in  finibus  vestris;  quapropter  quam  diu  vixerit,  non 
solum  vobis,  verum  etiam  servulis  vestrae  devotioni 
subditis,  ut  decet,  fidelis  erit ;  et  si  quod  poterit  uspian^ 
agere,  quod  acceptum  sit  benignitati  vestrse,  libenter 
studebit  adimplere.  Idcirco  tamen  ad  vos  minime  re- 
pedavit  ceu  promisit,  quoniam  putat  .  .  .  necessa- 
rium  cuipiam  ex  vestris  fore  quod  si  rescierit  .  . 
.  .  osiose  jubente  ocius  aderit  vita  comite ;  nullo  tamen^ 
alio  vocante  ad  Anglorum  fines  poterit  accedere.  Dein 
vestram  flagitat  benivolentiam  ut  commentum  Flori 
quod  habet  domnus  abbas  : :  scbr  :  :  s  '  et  alios  libel- 


0 


/ 


^  Written  apparently  from  Fleury, 
either  by  some  friend  of  Dunstan's, 
writing  for  himself  in  the  third  per- 
son, or  by  L.  on  behalf  of  Abbo, 
who  may  have  retomed  to  Fleury. 
Abbo  was  abbot  of  Fleury  frx>m  988 
to  1004. 

*  dtUontm]  Le.  senrorom ;  9ovXos 
Bserms. 

'  ::sc6r:;*ir]  Them  marks  are 
either  intended  for  a- sort  of  cypher, 
as  in  the  word  **  periodus "  below, 
or  signify  that  the  transcriber  conid 


not  read  his  MS.  Malmesbnry  aut 
Glastonbury  are  the  two  monaste-- 
ries  to  which  reference  is  most  likely 
to  have  been  made ;  hot  Ramsey^ 
Thomey,  and  Ely  were  the  houses- 
most  closely  connected  with  Fleoiy* 
Possibly  the  word  is  Westberiensis  ; 
the  monastery  at  Bamsej  was  eol(K 
nised  from  Westbnry.  The  Com- 
mentnm  Flori  was  probably  the 
Commentary  on  S.  Paal*s  epistles, 
by  Floras,  the  deacon  of  Lyons^ 
circ.  A.D.  837. 


VO  I  ^ 


U^v 


l^ 


BEUQUUS  DUNSTAKIANiB. 


377 


los  qui  habentur  pknt :  :  nke,'  quique  conda  sui  fuerunt  A.D.974-oe8. 
.  .  pio  Christi  nomine  illi  reddere  fadatis,  quoniam  qui  ySmy^ 
.    .    hoc  coenobium  Moriaccense  quo  nunc  degit,  utpote  J^SS!** 
igne  consumptum  '  his  caret  codicelUs.     Sit  vobis  salus 
karissime  perennis.     F  :  rkod  : :  s.' 


XV.*  Versus. 


Viscera  ne  sanctum  triplo  curvamine  panem 

Interiora sanctificand     .     . 

Mysticus    ...  us  stricta  servatur  in  alvo 
Quem  celo  celebrant  novenarius  ordo  polorum. 
Nee  fas  in  terras  cuiquam  est  gustare  profano. 
Qui  nisi  jam  pridem  Sanctis  mergatur  in  undis 
Ac  gestus  ahno  trepidos  rogitamine  solvat, 
Qui  vel  jam  modicam  panis  vult  sumere  partem. 

Quisquis  amat  dictis  absentum  rodere  vitam 
Hanc  mensam  indignam  noverit  esse  sui. 
Felix  qui  modico  contentus  vivere  pastu 
Abstinet^  et  veterum  servat  vestigia  patrum; 
Quique  Dei  tacito  volvens  sub  pectore  dicta 
Terreni  fragilem  moderatur  corporis  usum. 
Frustra  corporeis  aUquis  se  temperat  escis, 
Si  cupiat  verbis  aliorum  carpere  vitam. 


Venesou 

the 

mento. 


Against 
uinny. 


A|EK 

cilu 


Pndseof 
tempemnoe. 


Charity  is 
better. 


^  pA]i/::iiAe]  This  cypher  can 
only  mean  Wmtoma.  It  is  clear 
from  the  last  word  of  the  letter  that 
k  represents  i,  and  the  four  dots 
must  refer  to  the  fourth  voweL 

'  The  fire  at  Flenry,  to  which 
reference  is  here  made,  is  probably 
that  of  the  year  974,  when  the  mo- 
nastic buildings  were  burnt  on 
Aug.  10,  owing  to  the  carelessness 
of  the  workmen.     Balnze,  Misc. 


i.  122 ;  Mabillon,  Annales  O.  S.  B. 
ill.  682. 

'  pirkodiu"]  On  the  principle 
stated  above,  this  word,  which  is  no 
doubt  periodog,  giyes  the  key  to  the 
cypher  so  ftr  as  it  goes. 

^XFl  ]  I  am  unable  to  say 
whether  these  two  fragments  are  in 
any  way  connected  with  the  pre- 
ceding letter,  which  they  follow  in 
the  MS.  without  any  intervening 
rubric. 


878 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANL 


A.D.986-QS8. 

Abbo  writes 
to  DunstaD. 


He  has  been 
pressed  to 
write  the 
life  of  8. 
Edmund. 


which  he 
had  heard 
related  by 
Dunstan. 


XVI.  Epistola  Abbonis  ad  Dunstanum.^ 

*  Domino  sanctsd  metropolitanse  Dorobemensium  •  ec- 
clesisB  archiepiscopo  Dunstano,  vere  moribus  et  setate 
maturo,  Abbo  Floriacensis  monachus  levita  etsi  indig- 
mis,  a  Christo  Domino  iiriguum  superiiis  et  irrigaum 
mferius* 

Fostquam  a  te  venerabilis  pater  digressus  sum  cum 
multa  alacritate  cordis  et  ad  monasterium  quod  nosti 
festinus  redii,  coeperunt  me  obnixe  hii,  cum  quibus 
firatema  caritate  detentus  hospitando  hactenus  degui, 
pulsare  manu  sancti  desiderii^  ut  mirabilium  patratoris  ^ 
Eadmundi  regis  et  martyris  passionem  litteris  digere- 
rem;  asserentes  id  posteris  profuturum,  tibi  gratum  ac 
mese  parvitati  apud  Anglorum  ecclesias  non  inutile 
monimentum.  Audierant  enim  quod  eam  pluribus  ig- 
notam,  a  nemine  scriptam^  tua  sanctitas  ex  antiquitatis 
memoria  collectam  historialiter,  me  praesente,  retulisset^ 
domino  Roffensis  episcopo  ecclesiaB  et  abbati  monasterii 
quod  dicitur  Meabnesbyri,®  ac  aliis  circum  assistentibus, 


1  This  is  the  letter  in  which  Abbo 
dedicates  to  Dunstan  his  life  of  S. 
Edmund,  the  king  of  the  East 
Angles,  who  was  killed  in  870. 
The  MSS.  in  which  it  is  found  are 
enumerated  in  Sir  T.  Hardy's  Ca- 
talogue of  Materials,  i.  526.  The 
collations  are  from  MS.  Fairftx  12, 
MS.  Rawlinson  C.  440,  and  MS. 
Digby  109.  It  was  written  out  by 
Ussher  as  an  additament  to  Spel- 
man's  Concilia,  in  MS.  Rawlinson 
Misc.  1074. 

3  **  Sum  Bwythe  ilsred  munuc 
'*  com  suthan  ofer  bsb  from  saincte 

Benedictes  stowe,  on  ^thelraedes 

dagnm  kynges  to  Dnnstane  arche- 
**  biscop  threom  gearte  sertham  the 
«  he  forthferde,  and  sum  munuc 
**  hatte  Abbo  tha  wurdon  heo  on 


C( 


u 


«  spece  oththet  Dunstan  nehte  be 
<'  Sco  Eadmundo."  MS.  BodL  848, 
fo.  62. 

'  Difrobemefuium]  Dorobemen- 
sis,  MS.  Rawlinson  C.  440. 

^  See  Judges  i.  15.  The  same 
words  are  applied  by  William  of 
Malmesbury,  above,  p.  815,  to  Dun- 
stan's  gift  of  tears.  This  use  of  it 
may  have  been  suggested  by  his 
knowledge  of  this  letter,  which  he 
quotes  in  the  Gesta  Pontiff,  lib.  t. 
§264. 

*  patratoris]  patroni,  MS.  Fair- 
fax 12. 

*  This  abbot  of  Malmesbury  is 
identified  by  William  with  ElMc, 
afterwards  bishop  of  Crediton  ;  but 
apparently  with  little  probability. 
See  Gesta  Pontiff:  §  254. 


RELIQUUS  DUNSTANIAN^. 


879 


aicut  tuus  mos  est,  firatribus  quos  pabulo  ^  divini  verbi  a.p.ww«8. 
Latiua  et  patria  liogua   pascere   non   desinis.     Quibushadhewd 

tt  .    t    '  '  — I —  " '  «•*    '"        1 •  1  ,       .       it  from,  the 

fJBbtebans,  oculos  sunusus  lacrymis,  quod  earn  junior  king's  ww 
didicisses  a  quodam  sene  decrepito,  qui  earn  simpliciter 
et  plena  fide  referebat  gloriosissimo  regi  Anglorum 
Ethelstano,  jurejurando  aaserens  quod  eadem  die  fuisset 
armiger  beati  viri,  qua  pro  Christo  martyr  occubuit. 
Cujus  assertion!,  quia  in  tantum  fidem  accommodasti,  ut 
promptuario  memorise  verba  ex  integro  reconderes,  quae 
postmodum  junioribus  mellito  ore  eructares,  coeperunt 
firatres  instantius  mese  pusillitati  incumbere,  ut  eorum 
ferventi  desiderio  satisfacerem,  ac  pro  virium  facilitate 
tantorum  operum  seriem  perire  non  sinerem.  Quorum 
petitioni,  cum  pro  sui  reverentia  nollem  contradicere, 
posthabitis  aliquantulum  ssecularium  litterarum  studiis,  Hepropoiet 

-•!•••  •  T»i  !_•  ii«to  wnt6 

quasi   ad   mtenorem   ammae   philosopniam  me  contuli,  chtoflyon 

t  •  •  i_*ii_i  ±     •       i^t  •  Edmund's 

dum  ejus  qui  vere  pnilosophatus  est  m  throno  regm  miracles, 
virtutes  scribere  proposui,  maxime  tamen  eas  quae  post 
ejus  obitum  sseculis  inauditae  factae  sunt,  quibus  nemo 
crederet  nisi  eas  tuae  assertionis  irre&agibilis  auctoritas 
roborasset.  Siquidem  tu  cui  nix  capitis  credi  compel- 
lit,^  quando  referebas  de  ea  quae  nunc  est  incorruptiono  Danstan's 
regis,  quidam  diligentius  requisivit,  utrum  haec  ita  esse  that  Bd- 

,/■>*'  ...  ^  •  ,  mund's  re* 

possent.  Cujus  quaestionis  ambiguum  volens  purgare,  m&ins  were 
tu  vastae  '  peritiae  sacrarium  pro  exemplo  adjecisti  quod  corrupt, 
multo  magis  audientium  attonita  corda  concussit,  quia 
sanctus  Domini  Cuthbertus,  incomparabilis  confessor  et 
episcopus,  non  solum  adhuc  exspectat  diem  primae 
resurrectionis  incorrupto  corpore,*  sed  etiam  perfusus 
quodam  blando  tepore.  Quod  ego  admirans  pro  argu- 
mento  habui  quo  tandem  ad  sancti  regis  gesta  eliicu- 
branda  certior  accessi,  fidens   de   ejus  et  tuis  incompa- 


^  pahvio]  papolo,  MS.  Digby  109. 

'  This  is  possibly  one  of  the  pas- 
sages referred  to  by  WiUiam  of 
Malmesbury,  above,  p.  299. 

'  va«/<e]  magna),  Rawl.  C.  440. 


*  The  remains  of  S.  Cuthbert 
had  not  yet  found  their  resting- 
place  at  Durham,  whither  they  were 
removed  fVom  Chester-Ie-Street  in 
995. 


380 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


A.D.085-988.  rabilibus  meritis.  Cui  primitias  mei  laboris  oonfiecrans 
Duii^to  supplidter  obsecro,  ut  vel  una  die  vertas  mihi  tuum 
critk^,*'  otium  in  honestum  negotium,  resecando  hinc  superflua^ 
supplendo  hiantia,  quoniam  ex  ore  tuo,  prseter  seriem 
tdtimi  miraculi,  omnia  veracem  secutus  verax  digessi, 
exhortdns  omnes  ad  amorem  tanti  martyris.  Yale  pater 
in  Christo. 


; 


A.D.981-966. 
Wido  of 


XVII.  Epistola.  WmoNis  ad  Dunstanum.* 

(MSS.  Cotton,  Tiberias  A.  15,  fo.  156  ;  Vespasian  A.  14,  fo.  169.) 

Meritorum  virtute  pontificaU  donato  dignitate  prin- 

Biindfniam  cipaliter   domino   serenissimo   archypraesuli    D.,    frater 

Sun^n.     Wido  peccator  *  Blandiniensis  coenobii  destinatus  rector 

cum  unanimi  firatrum  collegio  optabile  cselici  principa- 

tus  contubemium. 

Minore  quidem  ambigentes  fiducia^  dulcLssime  pastor, 
vestrse  patemitatis  expeteremus  magnificentiam,  ni  plu- 
rimum  nota  et  ssepius  comperta  affabilitatis  vestrse  nos 
animaret  benignitas.  Post  recentem  itaque  nuperrimse 
legationis  commendationem  per  fratrem  nostrae  societa- 
tis  nonnum  '  Leo&inum  vobis  directum,  licet  judicandi 
minus  verentes,  maxime  tamen  confidentes  hoc  littera- 
rum  indiculo  vestrse  celsitudmis  pulsamus  aures,  a  qua 
He  asks  for  clementissimum  benignse  subventionis  prsestolamur  suf- 
cropjhave  fragium.  Ut  vcrc  namque  fateri  compellimur,  peccami- 
num  nostrorum  exigente  mole,  nostris  in  regionibus,  ut 
saepius,  homotina  deperierunt  saltuum  pascua.    A  ves- 


He  has  been 
assured  of 
Dunstan's 
kindness ; 
or  would 
not  write  so 
soon  after 
LeofUn's 
embassy. 


^  The  following  letter  is  found 
fortunately  in  the  two  MSS.  men- 
tioned above,  from  the  second  of 
which  it  was  transcribed,  with  five 
other  letters,  by  the  late  Dr.  JafiS^, 
whose  copies  were  kindly  sent  to 
me,  through  Dr.  Pauli,  by  Drs. 
Dummler  and  Wattenboch,  the  lite- 
raiy  executors  of  that  lamented 
scholar. 


'  Wido  was  abbot  of  Blandininm 
from  981  to  986.  Ann.  Bland,  ap. 
Ferts,  y.  25;  Mabillon,  Annales 
O.  S.  B.  It.  S,  86. 

'  fioiMvm]  a  senior  or  dignified 
monk,  or  officer  of  a  monastery : 
«  juniores  autem  priores  suos  non- 
"  nos  Yocent,  quod  intelligitur  pa- 
"  tema  reyerentia;"  Reg.  S.  Be- 
ned.  c.  62. 


BELIQUL£  DUKSTANIAN^. 


381 


toe  igitur  dapsilitatis  laxgitate   sustentationem  adipisd  a.d.98i-086. 
speramus  et  humiliter  ponimus,  ut  in  hoc  et  in  quibus-  are^oact" 
libet  benedictionum   impensis,  prout   vestrse   multiplici  with  Leor- 
libuerit  sufficientise   nos    dimemini  dementer  solaciari.  Stni^with 
Si  igitur  prsesentium    latores   apud  vestrae  celsitudinis 
prsesentiam    prsefatum    nonniun    Lie&inum    invenerint, 
eia  in  commune  vestrae  miserationis  injungere  dignemini 
destinationem.     Si   vero   ille  jam    prsecessit,  hos  ipsos 
sufRcere  non  diffidimus.    Yale. 


XVIII.  Epistola^  commendatoria. 

(MS.  Cotton,  Tiberius  A.  15,  fo.  157.) 

Omnigenis  Catholicse  fidei  cultoribus  in  caritate  ra-^^J^jJ^ 
dicatis  et  fundatis  gratiam  et  pacem  tandem  a  Domino 
consolatore  omnium  qtd   digne  lugent,  omniiunque  re- 
muneratore  eorum  qui  recte  desudant  in  cultu  vinese. 
Quoniam  apostolo  teste  non  sunt  condignae   passiones 
hujus  temporis  ad  futuram  gloriam  quae  revelabitur  in 
nobis ;  et  Dominus,  Beati  qui  lugent  nunc,  inquid,  quia  *  jSSf  * 
ipsi  consolabuntur.     Hie  monachus,  olim  militarem  in- J^,"^JJ^ 
duens  damidem,  conversus  jam  elegit  abjectus  esse  in  ^^SemSd 
domo  Domini  quam  habitare  in  tabemaculis  peccatorum  SJoJfuL  *^* 

brevi  curriculo  suspe  ....  fatigatus  miserque 
paucis  lugere  contemptus  ut  .  .  .  securus  quiescat,  con- 
solatusque  beatitudinem  sine  fine  percipiat.  Nos  autem 
haec  scripsimus  illi  in  caritate  Dei,  ut  haec  pagina  dig- 
nantibus  earn  tractare  loquatur  pro  ipso  idiota  et  elin- 
gui.  Accipite  ei^o  hunc  optime  psahnidicum,  in  Bri- 
tannia oirca  marina  dare  editum,  adhuc  quiete  temporis 
et  pacis   ultro   exilium  trans  fi^eta  subisse  in  vestram 


^  A  few  lines  of  this  letter  are 
given  by  Leland  in  the  Collectanea, 
ii.  404,  from  the  MS.  nsed  in  the 
text    It  would  seem  to  be  a  letter 


of  introduction  or  reconmiendation 
given  to  a  pilgrim  to  secure  the  good 
offices  of  the  fiuthfnl  on  his  route. 


382 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


Tho^^rer  fideli  Anglo  Saxonum  Britanniam,  ubi  consulto  Chris- 
anchorite,  tianissimi  regis  JEthelstaxd  anachoreta  factus  religiose 
ac  laudabiliter  apud  Cen  ^  non  paucis  diebus  conversus 
est.  Cujus  consilio  ac  licentia  in  banc  quoque  pere- 
grinationem  pro  amore  Christi  venit,  non  quod  Deum^ 
Qui  ubique  est,  iter  agendo  localiter  quaerat,  sed  dum 
plus  laborat  ^lu8  mercedis  accipiat.  Ubi  enim  durior 
pugna  ibi  gloriosior  corona.  Hinc  est  quod  perfecti 
etiam  yiri,  de  suis  actibus  non  confidentes,  ad  sancto- 
rum  martyrum   protectionem    currunt 

corpora  fletibus  adsilum  promereri  fruendum  .... 

ubi  deliquerant  eis  intercedentibus  credunt 

juxta    quod    ibi    de   infirmioribus    dicit   non  habentes 
velamen  amplexantui*   lapides,   id   est    apostolos,  caete-  Job  tow.  s. 
rosque  sanctos.     Sed  hoc    .     .     heu  ne    scientes  agra- 
ventur  prolixitate.     Vos  vero  .    .  scientibus  erga  hunc 

vestrum  exercete fratemitatis  partidpes 

sanctitatis  illius  isque  de  mamona  iniquitatis  recepturi 
setema  tabemacula.     Quod  mihi  vobiscum  fieri  precor. 


Justifica- 
tion of  pil- 
grimages. 


'  Cen  ]  There  are  two  places 
named  Kenn,  one  in  Somersetshire 
and  one  in  Devonshire,  to  which 
this  passage  may  be  referred ;  but 
the  mention  of  the  anchorite  makes 
It  not  impossible  that  Ceme  in  Dor- 
setshire is  the  place  meant  Ac- 
cording to  William  of  Malmesbniy, 
Gesta  Pontiff,  it.  §  185,  £dwold,the 
brother  of  8.  Edmund  of  East  An- 
glia,  lived  as  a  hermit  at  Ceme,  and 
his  hermitage  became  the  genn  of 
a  great  monastery  founded  by  the 


ealdorman  ^thelwerd,  to  which  a 
grant  made  by  his  son  .ZBthelmar  is 
in  Eemble  Cod.  Dipl.  iii.  224.  The 
anchorite  in  the  text,  however,  was 
a  Breton,  and  not  an  Englishman, 
and  the  eariy  name  of  Ceme  is  Cor- 
nel. It  is  better,  therefore,  to  regai4 
the  story  as  one  of  the  not  infre- 
quent cases  of  Breton  hermits  set- 
tiling  on  the  Devonshire  or  Cornish 
coast,  where  the  name  of  Cen  may 
have  been  superseded  by  the  name 
\  of  the  saint  himself. 


REUQUL£  UTTSSIXSVlSM. 


383 


/r*/ 


XIX.  Epistola  Falradi  ad  ^Ethelqarum 

ARCHIEPISCOPUM.^ 
(MS.  Cotton,  Tiberius  A.  15,  fo.  151  ;  Vesp.  A.  14,  fo.  156.) 

Antistanti  naviter  sanctiiatis  stimma  archiprsesuli 
honore  M}  abba  Fabadus'  inmeiitus  istius  SBvi  fdtu- 
nunque  setemse  in  Cbristo  beatitudinis  bravium,  promp- 
tumque  fidelis  servitutis  obsequium. 

Praecessorifi  vestri  non  oblitterandse  memorise  Dim- 
stani  memorialis  nexilis  amiciiisB  vinculo  nodoque  ita 
Ufii  sumus,  ut  inter  amicissimos  nobis  non  secundus 
haberetur  amicus.  Cujus  summos  gradus  dignitatis 
adquisivit  vobis  summa  daritudo  ingenii  in  omni  stu- 
dio prsefulgens  luce  sanctitatis,  non  tantum  accipiens  ab 
exceLsis  gradibus  honorum  pretii  quantum  addens  de- 
ooris  tui.  Cujus  loco,  pro  competentibus  merito  vobis 
virtutum  insignis,  vos  substitutum  gaudemus,  et  ut  alter 
ille  nobis  quodammodo  fieri  dignemini,  sicuti  prsesentia 
vestri  promisit  onomatis,  quamquam  nullius  pretiosse 
servitutis  mercemur  precari  cordetenus  per  miUe  mean- 
dros  glisdmus.  Nunc  igitur  si  statu  utriusque  hominis 
vigetis  incolumis,  vobiscum  agitur,  quod  medullis  imis 


A«U.  voO'  900. 

Abbot 

Fabradto 

Ethelgar. 


The  writer 
had  been  ft 
friend  of 
Dunatan. 


He  roioioes 
that  Bthel- 
garhasiuo- 
oeeded,and 
hopes  to 
find  another 
Diinitan 
in  him. 


1  The  fbllowing  i8  another  of  the 
letters  transcribed  by  Dr.  JaffS  f^m 
the  Yespasian  MS.  It  is  also  no- 
ticed by  Leland,  Ck)U.  ii.  404. 

3  ethelgar,  Dnnftan's  immediate 
sQCoessor,  had  been  abbot  of  the 
New  Minster  at  Winchester  from 
964  to  980.  He  was  consecrated 
Uahop  of  Selaey  May  9,  980,  and 
became  archbii^op  of  CSanterbnry 
in  the  summer  of  988.  He  went  to 
Bome  for  his  pall  in  988  or  989, 
and  died  Feb.  18,  990,  after  a  pon- 
tiflcate  of  fifteen  months.  His  death 
Is  commonly  dated  Dec  8,  989, 
owing  to  a  mistake  of  Wharton  in 
the  An^ia  Sacra;  bat  the  day  is 


giren,  no  donbt  correctly,  in  the 
West  Saxon  CSalendar,  printed  by 
Hampson,  1.  486. 

'  Falradna,  or  Falradns,  abbot  of 
the  great  monastery  of  S.  Vedast 
at  Arras.  He  is  described  by  Bal- 
deric,  in  his  Chronicle,  as  an  mi- 
futhftal  monk,  who  betrayed  the 
interests  of  his  order  and  attended 
to  seeolar  business  only.  He  was 
deposed  in  1 004,  and  died  soon  after. 
He  most  have  been  abbot,  however, 
at  the  time  when  the  first  life  of 
Dunstan  was  written,  the  MS.  of 
which  is  now  at  Anas.  See  Mabil- 
lon,  Annales,  iiL  177,  200. 


384 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


Aj).988-wo.  gratulamur,   proinde  vestrse    sublimitatis    excellentiam 
Koodidshes  prsBscire  volumns   nos   una  cum  omnibus^  nuUis  licet 
pmyen.  guffi-agautibus    mentis,    mihi    commissis,   sacri    scilicet 
ordinis  viris,   pro  beniguissimo  regiminis  vestri  statu 
pieces  divinitati  die  noctuque  eflftindere  non  desistere, 
quae  universam  suam  conditam  movet  seseque  esseu- 
tialiter  immobilem  servat,  veluti  ^dit  caritas  intepescens 
vestrsB  in  nos  fratemitatis.     CaBterum  majestati  vestne 
?piSeit '  c^^"^v™^is  delegere,  de  beneficiorum  exeniis  nobis  pro- 
missis  non  pigeat   per  litteras  aut    per  intemuntium 
remandare,  ac  tali  freti  fiducia>  ut  ecHptioos  loquar,  et 
nos  sine  mora.    Yalere  vos  fadat  Trinitas  Sancta  semper 
memores  vestri  memoris. 


XX.  Epistola  Odberti  ad  ^Ethelgarum 

ARCHIEPISCpPUM.^  /6  C 

(MSS.  Cotton,  Tiberius  A.  15,  fo.  161 ;  Vesp.  A.  U,  fb.  IJ 

Ai).98s-99o.      Divini   cultus   amatori   archiprsesuli  inclito  A.  stola 

AbMof     jocunditatis  prsecipue  vemanti,  firater  O.'  quem  Scithi- 

BtS.^  ensis  coenobii  abbatem  fatentur,  cum  commissa  fratrum 

caterva,  quae  Domino  vemula,  precumque  affamina  cum 

salutis  successu. 

Quam  inhianter  vestrsB  desideremus  salutis  successum 
aevique  longsevitatem,  non  verbis  aut  apicibus  quimus 
affiui,  cum  quidem  omnis  nostras  spei  fiduda  in  vestri 
consistat  juvaminis  anchora.  Siquidem,  vestra  vigente 
incolomitate,  non  adeo  nos  secularia  detrimenta  con- 
cutient.  Qratulamur  etiam  non  modice  vestrae  benig- 
niaflimaft  sponsionis  relevati  magnificentia  quia  nos  im- 
meritos  vestra  voluit  pietas  intra  numerum  aggr^gare 


Horetamt 
thanks  for 
Bthelgar's 
kind  pro- 
mises. 


^ 


1  Another  of  the  letters  tran- 
scribed by  Dr.  Jaff<S  from  the  Ves* 
ptsianMS. 

'  Odbert,  abbot  of  the  monastery 
of  8.  Bertin,  or  Sithin,  near  8.  Omer, 
died  in  the  year  1018.    Theyearof 


his  elevation  is  giren  in  the  Gallia 
Christiana,  iii  492,  as  1000  \  bat  it 
is  clear  from  this  and  another  letter 
that  follows  that  this  dale  is  ten 
years  too  late. 


RELIQUIiE  DUNSTANUN^. 


385 


devote  vobis  famulantium,  vosque  nobis  fore  perseve- a.d.  998-990. 
rantem  patronum  eotenus  ut  unanimiter  vestris  insis-  S^l^hop^g 
tente   commodis  unum  inter  nos  et   vestram  patemi-  SS'piS*'* 
tatem  tieret  nolle,  nnum  velle.    Tantum  ergo  adepto  Jjjj^j" 
beneficio  nihil  constat  nobis   esse  jocnndins.      Ac  pro 
tanta  gratia  sciat  vestra  excellentia  nos  perhennes  futu- 
ros,  in  quantum  sat  erit  posse,  apud  Dei  prsesentiam 
intercessores.     JSlemosinse  vero  vestrse,  quod   mihi  in-Hewuisoon 

^p^  huVA  AX* 

posuistis    negotium,    ita,    Deo   cooperante,  me   confido  pended  the 
mox  peregisse  per  clencum  nostrum  communem,  ves-  aims, 
trum  etiam  omnimodis  servulum   fidelissimum,   Bicha- 
rium,   et    per    Sigeberhtum,    quo   vobis    merces    digna 
maneat,  meque  innoxium  a  fraudis  dolo  observare  stu- 
dui.     Hsec  vero  nostra  firagilitas  vestram  pronis  votis  He  offers  his 

scrrices 

potissimum  exorat  dementiam,  quatenus  nobis  propriis 
servulis  vestris  imperare  dignetur  quaedam  sibi  placita 
beneficia,  quia  promtissimo  parebimus  devotionis  ob- 
sequio.  Yaleat  sublimitas  celsitudinis  vestrse  plurimum 
in  Domino. 


XXI.  Epistola  B.  ad  JSthelgabum  akchiepiscopum.^     "- 

(MSS.  Cotton,  Tiberios  A.  16,  lb.  162  ;  Vesp.  A.  U,  fo.  155.) 

Domino  venerando  episcopo  intendenti  patri  ^  summo,  a  J).  9m-99o. 
nobili  videlicet  spicule/  nequitiarum  utpote  spiritalium  SitheSS 
ob  eliminanda  molimina  euncta,  B.^  omniiun  fsex  Chris- 


>  ThU  letter,  which  is  in  many 
respects  the  most  important  of  the 
present  series,  is  another  of  the  six 
transcribed  by  Dr.  JaffiS  from  the 
Vespasian  MS. 

^  patri]  p.  MSS. 

'  nolnU  videlicet  spieulo]  The  name 
of  ^thelgar  (sethel,  noble ;  gar,  a 
dart)  is  concealed  in  these  words, 
by  a  custom  not  uncommon  with 
Alcttin  and  some  other  later  writers. 

*  B.]  It  seems  almost  certain 
that  this  "  B.  omnium  fsx  Christi- 


"  colamm  *'  and  B.  *<  onmium  ezti- 
«  mus  sacerdotum,  vilisque  Saxo- 
''  num  indigena,"  the  author  of  the 
first  life  of  Donstan,  were  the  same 
person.  In  the  notes  following  I 
hare  called  attention  to  the  points 
of  agreement  between  the  two  com- 
positions, and  to  other  points  in 
which  peculiarities  of  phraseology 
suggest  that  some  of  the  other  letters 
of  this  series  may  haye  come  from 
the  same  hand. 

B  B 


386 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


AD.  988-900.  ticolarmn,  et,  licet  nullo  vel  certe  parvo  laudamine  dig- 
Sh^S^i^.  nus,  humili  tamen  intentione,  qiiicquid  in  superis  sum- 
mum,  quicquidve  in  terris  amoenum. 
He  feels  un-      Talis    excellentisB     dignitatem,    tantaeque    evectionis 

able  to  dis*       •  •,  •  3       j.  -i*^** 

cuss  the       virum,  justum   videretur   ac    aequum   modemi   fanunis 

archbishop's  ..  i-i  'ij*        i«        I'i        •  »  i 

meritfi  but  venustate  pulcnraeque  capacitatis  adire  dietamme,  m  tor- 
hewn.  pentis  stilum  ingenioli  multimoda  fatuitatis  ignavia 
duro  obtunderet  repulsu.  Sed  quamvis  inscitia  morum 
baud  diutumum  intermittat  ministrare  obHvionis  fo- 
mentimi,  quoniamque  assidua  artis  lectorese^  non  adsit 
instantia,  quae  dogmatizando  c^nferat  lepidinis  adesse 
peritiam,  cunctis  tamen  conceditur  Jaeilis  &ciendi  facul- 
It  Is  one      tas.     Nam  singulis  impertitur  egisse  juxta  virium  posse. 

thing  to  be    .^      •  ..  ■,  .■,..•,• 

content  with  Novimus  emm  mopes  quosque  ob  eorum  inediam  cibis 

another  to    uti  paupertinis,  quibus  rerum  diversarum  dilicise  desunt. 

arichiiaaflt.  Qui  nimirum    si   semel  invitati  basilitio  vel  aliquorum 

procerum    interessent   convivio,  etiam   paulatim  ligidis 

morsibus  avidorum  palatuum  potirentur  dapibus  talium 

escarum  insolitis,  jam   jamque    dulcorante   saporis  nec- 

taxei  fauce  forte   quidam   inportunus   dagmate'  adsur- 

geret  et  diriperet  enerviter  miseris  vivendi  victum  op-, 

tabilem.     Quid  illos  autumandum  est  inopes,  si  ita  res 

se  haberet  post  melliti  gustaminis  demptionem  egisse  ? 

esurire  inquam  eo  avidius  et  sitire   quo   talis  tantique 

dulcoris  delicias  inopinato  ammitterent. 

The  writer       Farem  igituT  lugubris   infortimii   moestitiam,   quam 

mviieged    patulo  relatum  de  prsedictis  inopibus  perstrinxi,  in  mei 


intellectual  miseii  comperi  congessisse  miseriam.     Non  ea  admodum 

nourish-  ,.  ,  ■••  •  .  »f     i_  •      i» 

mentfromaratione  ut  essem  divae  reginse,  sanctse  scilicet  sapienuse, 

^'^'idoneus   conviva^  introductus   tamen  a  devoto  Deoque 

digno,  sacrarum  videlicet  eruditionum  aedituo,*  et  per- 

missus   lambere   sum  vescentium   abjectas  uti   catellus 

esuriens  miculas.     Quem    quippe  beatae  memoriae  aedi- 


>  kctore<B]  Cf.  the  fonn  fkyoreo, 
p.  6. 

'  dagmaU]  Ct  dagmata,  below, 
p.  890. 


'  adUuo  ]  The  Bame  word  is 
used  of  Dunstan,  **  deoentia  aditai,'* 
above,  p.  8. 


RELIQUIiE  DUNSTANIAN^. 


387 


tuum,  sanctse  siquidem  sedis  Leodii  prsBsulem,*  dempsit,  a.d.  988-990. 
pro  dolor,  dulcissimum  amarissima   leti    conditio.     Qui  bishop^f 
peritise   panem   non   solum    mihi,  aat   mecum  plurimis  l^^^ 
ministravit.     Ex   ea   etenim   die   hue   usque   ignoratur  hungerinff^ 
quid   injuni;  quid    mail,  quid   angons,   quidve   fastidii  food, 
meum  perpessum   sit  cardian,  moerens^  dolens,  esuriens, 
sitiensque  sedulo,  post  prsegustatas  saluberrimse  doctrinse 
miculas ;  ut  etiam  ex  mei  tantilli  adtestatione  veridica 
agte  sophte  firmius  comprobetur  assertio.     Ait  namque 
per  stoma   Salomonis^  viri    siquidem   sagacissimi^  "'Qui 
"  edunt  me  adhuc  esuriunt,  et  qui  bibunt  me   adhuc 
fiodus.  xxiv.  "  sitient. 

Ergfo,  domine  mi  dilecte,  solotenus  vestris  advolutus  TUBneedhe 
pedibus,  cemuaque  cervice,  vestram  imprecor  benivolamgartoheip 
pietatem,  nullis  licet  meis  exigentibus  mentis,   de  ves-  sataaty. 
tris   tamen   fisus   beneficiis,  quatenus  esurietis   et  sitis 
prsenotatse    pius    potator    vel    fautor,   sacro   inbuimine 
adesse  dignemini.     Ego  vero,  ut  necessitatis  vis   cogit, 
prompta  voluntate  concurrere  pareo,  quocumque  vestra 
deliberaverit  jussio,  etiamsi  sit  cis  vel  citra  imi  aequo- 
lis,  et  si  qua  sanse  doctrinse  flore  odorifluo  dulci  anima  He  placet 

hifftiwlf  at 

adgregavero  libens  in  vestrum  patemitatis  alvearium,  hiiseryioe, 
veluti  apis  obediens,  praepeti  volatu  revehere  et  condere  beuSS. 
curabo.  Hoc  tamen  difficultatis  onus  nolo  me  exiguum 
audaci  rogatu  petisse  putetis  vobismet  imponere,  sed 
quodammodo  vestris  quibus  pridem  panem  doctrinae 
ipse  constanter  adtribuistis.  Nam  ferarii  forcipibus  ea 
lege  utuntur^  ne  eorum  digiti  ignetenus  concremantur. 


'  Leodii  preuulem']  The  bishop 
of  Liege  who  preceded  Notker,  the 
bishop  at  this  date,  and  who  most 
be  here  referred  to,  was  Eyeraclus 
or  Ebraehar,  a  Saxon  by  birth,  and 
proTOtt  of  Bonn  before  his  elevation 
to  the  episcopate.  He  was  bishop 
from  959  to  971.  Although  this 
lamentation  for  him  was  written 
nearly  twenty  years  after  his  death, 


as  the  date  of  the  letter  can  be  fixed 
within  a  year,  there  can  be  no 
doubt  as  to  the  person  meant  Eb- 
raehar was  a  great  promoter  of  edu- 
cation and  founder  of  schools ;  and 
the  fkct  that  he  was  a  Saxon,  whilst 
the  writer  of  the  life  of  Dnnstan 
was  a  Saxon  also,  serves  as  another 
point  for  the  identification  of  the 
latter. 

BB  2 


388 


VITA  SANCTI  DUUSTANI. 


A.D.98&-990.  Fergam  igitur,  si  placet  diilcedini  vestrae,  Wintoniam, 
to  wS&  uno  tantum  contentus  comite,  ut  Ealdelmi  ibidem  per- 
^iheimi?  curram  de  paiihenali  laude  libellum  et  csatera,  domine 
vtrffinttats.  ^^  ^^^^^  ^^^  necessaria  fore  videntur.     Haec  est  enim 

nostri  ntintii  summa.     Hie  in  prsesenti  titulatione,  quo- 
niam  vitia  obviantur  innumera,  aut  aequo  animo  pati- 
antur,  aut  justo  precor  insinuamine  corrigantur.^ 
Yaleatis  in  Domino,  hoc  ut  opto. 


A.D.9(M). 

Odbeit 
sbbot  of 
S.  Bertin  to 
archbishop 
Sigeric. 

Archbishop 
^thelgar 
had  visited 
S.  Bertin  on 
the  way  to 
Borne  and 
on  his  re- 
turn. 


XXII.  Epistola  Odberti*  abbatis  ad  Sigericum' 

ARCHIEPISCOPUM.  ^ 

(MSS.  Cotton,  Tiberius  A.  15,  fo.  145 ;  Vesp.  A.  15,  fo.  157.) 

Norma  sacrse  religionis  ab  ipsis  cunis  inbuto  prsesuli 
S.  frater  Odbertus  abbas  cum  coadunatis  fratribus 
coenobii  Sancti  Berhtini  Scithiensis,  cuncta  prospero 
su'ccessu  pollentia  in  Bege  regum. 

Scire  et  meminisse  cupimus  patemitatem  vestram, 
quomodo  praedecessoris  vestri  Adelgari  pontificis  pro- 
meruimus  gratiam  ac  patemitatis  ipsius  filiationem,  et 
utriusque  partis  in  invicem  firatemitatem ;  ita  ut  prse 
cunctis  Francise  monasteriis  Sancti  Bertini  prsecipue 
dilectione  sibi  assciverit  coenobium.  Namque  Bomam 
pergens,  a  nobis  honorifice  susceptus,  Bomaque  rediens, 
ut  tantum  decebat  patrem  magnificentius  receptus,  pri- 
vilegium    quoddam   singulare  nobis  suae  contulit  dilec- 


'  This  cnrions  reqaest,  that  the 

recipient  of  the  letter  will  correct 

the  grammar  of  it,  is  parallel  with 

the  similar,  but  more  reasomible, 

petition  to  archbishop  Elfric,  that 

he  will  revise  the  life  of  Dunstan  : 

quicquid  in  hac  editione  contra 

orthographis  normam  composi- 

toris  vitio  nsorpatmn  repereris, 

imperiali     potentia     abradere : " 

above,  pp.  4,  5. 


(( 


'  See  above,  p.  384. 

'  Archbishop  Sigeric  succeeded 
to  the  see  of  Canterbury  on  the 
death  of  Ethelgar  in  990,  and  went 
to  Bome  for  his  pall  the  same  year 
or  early  in  99 1 .  He  had  been  bishop 
of  Bamsbury  from  985,  and,  before 
that,  abbot  of  S.  Augustine's.  This 
letter  must  hare  been  wri^ttai  before 
his  journey  to  Borne. 


RELIQXn^  DUKSTANIANJE. 


389 


'  tionis :  quatenus  ipse  nobis  pater  pariterque  frater,  nos-    a.d.  goo. 
que  ei  filii  et  fratres  in  iino  efficeremur  Domino.    Multa  ^^^^Taiins 
vero  beneficia  Buse  nobis   largitns  est  elemosinse ;  plu-  ^£^ 
lima  quoque   spopondit  vita  comite   se   collatura;  sed 
heu !  pro  dolor,  tali  nos  inmeritos  fore  patrono,   secun- 
dum   propheticum    dictum    palam    patuit,    quod   dicit 
jfiran.  T.  26. "  Feccata  nostra  prohibuerunt  bonum  a  nobis."    Apud  Dmutui 
'  domnum  quippe  Dunstanum  lociun  optinuimus  familia-  Mend, 
rem;  aput  domnum  vero  Adelgarum  ampliorem,  ita  ut greater.  ^ 
monasteriiun   Sancti  Petri  apostoli,  ab  ipso  Bertino  in 
primordio   sui   adventus    constructum,    a    fundamentis 
statuerit  restaurandum. 

Totis  ergo  praecordiorum^votis  suppliciter  cemui  ves- Orimwaid 
tram  petendo,  pulsando,  quaerendo  prseanticipamus  pie- wiii  enu^n 

..  .  .  I'll*  !•••  the  abbot's 

tatem :  quatenus  vestrse  patermtatis  mereamur  adipisa  vuhes. 
duloedinem,    velut  praesens   frater   Orimwaldus^   vobis 
intimabit,   parati  vobis    nostras    fratemitatis    exbibere 
communionem,  si  vestrse  id   sederit   clementise.     Quem 
iddrco   prsemittimus,   ut   vestrum   ad   nos   prsescientes  Hebegs 
adventiun   in   omnibus   promtiores  vestris   inveniamur  vlSt  him. 
obsequiis  adesse :  obnixe  rogantes  ne  nos  transire  velit 
vestra  patemitas,  nisi  pemoctetur  nobiscum.'    Si  quid 
autem  ex  his  quae  nostratis  repperiuntur,  vobis  placue- 
rit,   tantum   per   eum   nobis   mandate;   quia    hilariter 
vestro   pr^to   erit   obsequio.     Quia  post  dHecti  patris 
nostri  Adelgari   deoessum,  Dei  gratia,  ut  vere  confidi- 
mus,  contulit   patronum.     Yaleat   vestra   patemitas  in 
Domino. 


^  Grimwaldai  is  one  of  the  monks 
of  S.  Bertin  mentioned  by  Folkwin 
in  the  list  at  the  close  of  his  work  ; 
Cart.  8.  Bert.  p.  155. 

*  It  will  be  seen  by  the  Itinerary 


of  Sigeric  which  follows  that  the 
archbishop  did  not  accept  this  invi- 
tation, which  might  have  inroWed 
him  in  heavy  expenses. 


390 


VITA  SANCTI  DUN8TANI. 


cot  into 
double 
about  a 
hone. 


XXIII.  Epistola  cujusdam  ad  N. 

(MS.  Cotton,  Tiberius  A.  15,  fo.  169.) 

The  writer       Pulcherrimo  perpulchro  divinseque  iheoriaB   feu^ultate 
theaeaand  decorossB  haud  mediociiter  suffiiso,  domino  N.,^bellus' 
sed   causa,   si  dici   liceat,   infortunii    admodum   misel- 
.  lus,  quicquid    uspiam   famulitu.     A   te   digressus,  alia 
postquam   veliyolavi   maria,  trossolus'   deerat  ad  sub- 

aidi^xa genus    honera    vehentium.      Forte 

cujusdam  clerid  mutuavi  caballum  dignum  triginta 
soUdorum  sub  sestimatione  pretii.  Igitur  laribus  eodem 
advectus  stratorium,  antequam  possem  et  ergo  prseripere 
^agmata/  occulsus  interiit ;  cujus  foenoris  angore  con- 
stringor,  qua  Ubram  soluturus  sum  integram ;  tantum 
mediam  susciperam  a  clerico  Bends.  Pro  hujus  cautio- 
nis  reidibitione  conquiro  a  te,  senior  beatissime,  solamen. 
Fentecostes  enim  die  illud  debeo  persolvere.  Per  prae- 
sentem  gerulum,  ni  velitis  succurrere,  necesse  est  me 
ipsum  venire.  Flebilis  musa  te  valere  optat  per 
s8Bcula. 

Yivere  nos  faciat  Quem  quisque  fidelis  adorat. 


He  most 
pa^orbe 
eold. 


^  N.  probably  stands  for  nomen. 
The  letter  seems  to  be  written  to 
some  one  in  England ;  bnt  if  it  is  not, 
N.  might  stand  for  Notker,  bishop 
of  Liege,  the  snccessor  of  Ebrachar ; 
and  we  might  hare  another  specimen 
of  the  work  of  the  writer  of  the  let- 
ter giren  above,  p.  885. 

'  Is  it  possible  that  under  this 
almost  illegible  and  unintelligible 
word  is  hidden  the  name  of  the 


anthor  of  the  first  life  of  Dunstan  ? 
The  peculiar  use  of  the  words  dagma 
and  senior  seems  to  suggest  it  See 
aboye,  pp.  23,  386.  The  tone  is 
pitiful,  and  the  suggestion  that  if 
help  is  not  forthcoming  the  writer 
must  be  sold  to  pay  his  debts,  is 
very  significant. 

'  trossolus']  a  wallet,  a  trousseau. 

*  dogmata^     See  above,  p.  386. 


RELIQUL£  DUNSTANIAN^.  391 

XXIV.  Adventus  archiepiscopi  nostri  Sigerici  ad 

ROMAM.^ 
(MS.  Ck>tton,  Tiberius  B.  5,  to.  28  ▼«.) 

Adventus  archiepiscopi  nostri  Sigerici  ad  Romam: —  ad.  wo, 
primitus  ad  limitem  beati  Petri  apostoli :  deinde  ad  ohurohes  of 
Sanctam  Mariam  scolam  Anglonun:  ad  Sanctum  Lau- vintedby 


>  In  conjanction  with  this  cariouB  Itinerfoy  of  Sigeric  is  a  list  of  the 
popes  of  the  tenth  century,  beginning  with  John  of  BaTenna,  which  is 
perhaps  worth  preserving  : — 

**  In  nomine  Domini  nostri  Jesn  Christi. 

**  Johannes  Rabennati  sedit  annos  xiiii.  m.  iii.  dies  viL  [914,  May  15-929, 
«  JaflK]. 

<<  Item,  Leo  titoli  Sancta  Susanna  sedit  m.  viii.  dies  x.  [929]. 

"  Item,  Stephanos  titnli  Sancta  Anastasia  sedit  annos  iii  dies  x.  [929- 
"  931]. 

**  Item,  Johannes  titnli  Sancta  Maria  trans  Tyberi  sedit  annos  vii. 
"  dies  xiL  [931-936]. 

<'  Item,  Leo  titoli  Sancti  Sixti  sedit  annos  It.  dies  y.  [936-989]. 

**  Item,  Stephanos  titoli  Sancti  Silvestri  et  S.  Martini  sedit  annos  iii. 
**  et  menses  ii«  dies  iy.  [939-942]. 

**  Item,  Martinos  titoli  Sancti  Ciriaci  sedit  annos  iiii.  m.  L  dies  t. 
«  [942-946]. 

"  Item,  sanctissimos  Agapitos  sedit  annos  ix.  m.  riii.  d.  xi.  [946-955]. 

"  Item,  Johannes  titnli  Sancta  Maria  qoi  vocator  in  Dominico,  sedit 
**  annos  ix.  m.  i.  d.  y.  [955-968]. 

**  Item,  Leo  sedit  annos  onom  et  dimidiom  et  dies  xi.  [963-965]. 

*'  Item,  Johannes  sanctissimos  sedit  annos  vii.  d.  xii.  [965-972]. 

'*  Item,  Benedictos  diaconia  Sancti  Theodori  sedit  annos  i.  et  dimi- 
«'  diom  dies  xii.  [972-974]. 

**  Item,  Bonifatios  sedit  dies  sexaginta  et  expolsos  est  foras  [974]. 

**  Item,  Benedictos  sedit  annos  yii.  et  dimidiom,  dies  xiiii.  [974-983]. 

'*  Item,  Fetros  Papia  sedit  annos  i.  m.  viiiL  dies  vii.  [John  XIV., 
*<  988— Aog.  20,  984]. 

**  Item,  reyersos  est  Boniphatios  Boma  et  sedit  menses  ix.  dies  iii. 
"  [984-Joly985]. 

"  Item,  Johannes  titoli  Sancti  Vitali  sedit  annos  iy.  m.  onom  et  dimi- 
'<  diom  [consecrated  between  Aog.  6  and  Oct  19,  985 ;  died  Apr.  996]." 

As  John  XV.  sorviyed  the  yisit  of  Sigeric  at  least  fiye  years,  the 
nomber  of  years,  months,  and  days  assigned  to  him  most  be  referred  to 
the  date  of  Sigeric's  yisit,  which  woold  thos  fall  in  Febroary  990 ;  hot 
as  his  predecessor  died  in  that  month,  we  most  soppose  that  the  word 
dimidium  refers  to  annos,  and  not  to  menns ;  and  this  woold  bring  the 
date  of  the  yisit  to  July  990,  which  is  yery  probable.  It  may  be  obseryed 
that  the  nombers  in  the  aboye  list  rarely  agree  with  those  of  the  tables 
osed  by  Jaff§.    The  MS.  is  contemporary  with  Sigeric's  pontificatCrj 


392 


VITA  SANCn  DXmSTAKI 


The 

churohes  of 
Rome 
▼isitedby 
Sigeric,  (Ml 
the  first  day. 


On  the 
second  d^y 
he  visited 
the  pope, 
and  the 
other 
churches. 


The  stages 
of  his  jour- 
ney home. 


rentium  in  craticula :  ad  Sanctum  Yalentinum  in  ponte 
Molui :  ad  Sanctam  Agnes :  ad  Sanctum  Laurentium 
foris  murum:  ad  Sanctum  Sebastianum:  ad  Sanctum 
Anastasium  :  ad  Sanctum  Paulum  :  ad  Sanctum  Bonefa- 
tium :  ad  Sanctam  Savinam :  ad  Sanctam  Mariam  sco- 
lam  Qrsecam  :  ad  Sanctam  Ceciliam :  ad  Sanctum  Criso- 
gonum :  ad  Sanctam  Mariam  Transtyberi :  ad  Sanctum 
Pancratium.     Deinde  reversi  sunt  in  domum. 

Mane  ad  Sanctam  Mariam  rotundam:  ad  sanctos 
apostolos :  ad  Sanctus  Johannes  in  Laterane.  Inde 
refecimus  cum  domini  apostolico  Johanno:  deinde  ad 
Jerusalem :  ad  Sanctam  Mariam  majorem :  ad  Sanctum 
Petrum  ad  Yincula :  ad  Sanctum  Laurentium  ubi  corpus 
ejus  assatus  fuit. 

Istse  sunt  submansiones  de  Roma  usque  ad  mare.^ 

1.  Urba  Roma. 

2.  Johannis  Villi. 

3.  Bacane. 

4.  Suteria. 
!                 5.  Furcasi. 

6.  See  Valentine. 

7.  See  Flaviane. 

8.  Sea  Cristina. 

9.  Aqua  pendente. 

10.  See  Petir-in-paiL 

11.  Abricula. 
12.,  S8e  Quiric. 
13.  Turreineri 


^  In  the  following  list  some  con- 
farion  may  have  occurred  owing  to 
the  feet  that  the  scribe  has  "used  the 
Soman  and  the  Anglo-Saxon  forms 
of  the  letter  s  indiscriminately ;  so 
that  in  some  places  where  I  haTe 
read  s  the  letter  r  should  be  snbsti- 
tBted,  and  Tice  yersA. 

3.  Bacano. 

4.  Sotn. 


5.  Forum  Cassii. 

6.  Probably  Viterbo. 

7.  Montefiascone. 

8.  Bolsena. 

9.  Acqoa-pendente. 

10.  On  the  river  Paglia. 

11.  (?) 

12.  8.  Qoirico. 
18.  Torrenieri. 


«     !'•      Wl|      •    I 


-»»" 


RELIQULfi  DUNSTANIAN^. 


393 


14.  Arbia. 

15.  Seocine. 

16.  Burgenove. 

17.  Mke, 

18.  See  Martin-  in  Fosse. 

19.  See  Gemiane. 

20.  See  Maria  glan. 

21.  See  Petre  currant. 

22.  SSe  Dionysii. 

23.  Ameblanea. 

24.  Aqua  nigra. 

25.  Forcri. 

26.  Luca. 

27.  Campmajor. 

28.  Luna. 

29.  See  Stephane. 

30.  Aguilla. 

31.  Puntremel. 

32.  See  Benedicte. 

33.  SSe  Moderanne. 

34.  Philemangenur. 

35.  Metane. 

36.  See  Domnine. 

37.  Floricum. 


A.D.  980. 

Archbishop 

Si^c'8 

Itinerary. 


14.  The  riyer  Arbia. 

15.  Sienna. 

16.  Borgo  NaoYO. 

17.  The  river  Elaa. 

18.  S.  Martino,  Eosci. 

19.  S.  Gimigniano. 

20.  8.    Maria,     Chianni,     near 
Qambassi. 

21.  S.  Pietro,  Corazzano. 

22.  S.  Genesio,  Sanminiato. 

28.  The  pasfiage   of   the  Amo 
near  Fueecchio. 

24.  (?). 
26.  Porcari. 

26.  Lucca. 


27.  Camijore. 

28.  Luna. 

29.  Borgo  8.  Ste&nO|  near  Sar- 
zana. 

80.  Aalla. 

81.  Pontremoli. 

82.  S.  Benedetto,  in  Val  di  Ma- 
gra. 

88.  The  monaatery  of  S.  Mode- 
rannuB  at  Bercetto. 
34.  (?). 

85.  Costa  Mezana,   on   the   R. 
Verda. 

86.  Borgo  8.  Donnino. 
37.  Firenznola  (P). 


394 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


A  J).  990. 

Archbishop 

SijKerio'a 

itinenry* 

through 

Piedmont, 


and 
Burgundy. 


38.  Placentia. 

39.  S.  Andrea. 

40.  See  Cristme. 

41.  Pamphica. 

42.  Tremel.. 

43.  Vercel. 

44.  Sea  Agath. 
46.  Even. 

46.  Publei. 

47.  Agusta. 

48.  S6e  Remei. 

49.  Petrescastel. 

60.  Ursiores. 

61.  See  MauricL 

62.  Burbulei. 
53.  Viv8Bc. 
64.  Losanna. 
66.  Urba. 

66.  Antifem. 

67.  Punterlin. 

68.  Nos. 

69.  Bysiceon. 

60.  Cnscei 

61.  Sefiii. 


88.  Piacenza. 

89.  Casa  di  8.  Andrea,  on  the 
iiTer  Lambro. 

40.  Santa  CMstina. 

41.  Pavia(f). 

42.  Tromello,  on  the  river  Ter- 
dopio. 

48.  VerceUi. 

44.  S.  Agata,  Santhia,  half-way 
between  VerceUi  and  Yvrea. 

45.  Yyrea. 

46.  Foley,  near  AoBta. 

47.  Aosta. 

48.  S.  Remi,  onder  the  Great  S. 
Bernard. 

49.  8.  Peter's  castle  in  the  Valaia. 


50.  Orsieres. 

51.  8.  Maorioe. 

52.  Yerrej  (?). 
58.  Vevay. 

54.  Lausanne. 

55.  Orbe. 

56.  Probably  Yverdnn. 

57.  Pontarlier. 

58.  Nodz,  between  Pontarlier  and 
Omans. 

59.  Befian9on. 

60.  Cnssey. 

61.  Seveox,  or  Savoyenz:  these 
villages  stand  one  on  each  side  of 
the  8aone. 


BELIQUL£  DUNSTANIAN^. 


395 


62.  Qrenant. 

63.  Oisma. 

64.  Blaecuile. 

65.  Bar. 

66.  Breone. 

67.  Domaniant. 

68.  Funtaine. 

69.  Catheluns. 

70.  Hems. 

71.  Corbunei. 

72.  Mundlothuin. 

73.  Martinwaeth. 

74.  Duin. 
76.  Atherats. 

76.  Bruwaei. 

77.  Teranburh. 

78.  Gisne. 
80.  Sumeran. 


A.]J>  090. 

Archbishop 

Stoerio's 

itmeniy 

through 

Ohampagnti 


Laonnois, 
and  Alios. 


63.  Grenanty  a  small  parish  be- 
tween Gray  and  Langres,  on  the 
Saolon,  the  first  halting  place  in 
Champagne. 

63.  Homes. 

6i.  Blessonville. 

65.  Bar-sur-Aube. 

66.  Brienne. 

67.  Donnemant,  four  leagues  S.B. 
of  Vitry  le  Fran9ais. 

68.  Fontaine. 

69.  ChAlons  on  the  Mame. 

70.  Bheims. 

71.  Oorbeni,  Corbiniacnm,  whi- 
ther the  bones  of  S.  Marculf  were 
translated  in  898  ;  in  the  Laonnois. 

72.  Laon,  Mons  Laudnni. 

78.  S.  Martin.    The  route  from 


Laon  to  Arras  is  not  clear.  Martin- 
waeth may  be  S.  Martin  on  the 
river  Amignon,  in  which  case  Duin 
will  be  Douen  close  to  Feronne. 
If  the  former  be  Mont  8.  Martin 
near  le  CAtelet,  then  Duin  may  be 
Thun  TEy^ue  near  CambraL  There 
IB  a  place  called  Martinpuich,  near 
B&paumes. 

74.  Duin  (?). 

75.  Arras. 

76.  Brooai,  on  the  river  Lave, 

77.  Teronanne. 

78.  Guisnes. 

80.  Sombre,  near  Witsand.  I 
have  followed  the  computation  of 
the  MS.,  which  omits  No.  79. 


396 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


XXV.  Epistola  Johannis  papjs  ^  ad  Elfricum  duceh. 

(MS.  Cotton,  TiberiuB  A.  15,  fo.  169.) 

A.D.9664»95.  Johamies  episcopus,  servus  servorum  Dei,  .^Elfiico 
bcm%?  inclito  duci^  amantissimo  filio  nostro  spirituali^  salutem 
EiMotobe  continuam  et  apostolicam  Denedictionem.  Kelatione 
n^hbour    quorundam  fidelium  compeiimus  te  plurima  agere  mala 

to  GUu^ton-      •  1.  iTN*  •!••         -air 

bury.  in  secclesia  sanctae  Dei  gemtncis   Manse  quae  nuncu- 

patur  Glestingaburugh,^  et  prsedia  et  villas^  ab  ejus 
jure  tua  avida  eupiditate  diripuisse,  et  propter  quod 
eodem  loco  propinqua  inhseres  habitatione  illi  semper 
nocivus  esse.  Oportunum  enim  exstiterat  ut  tuo  suf- 
fragio  sancta  Dei  ecdesia,  cum  propinquus  habitando 
efiectus  es,  perpliurimum  accresceret,  et  copia  tui  adju- 
torii  proprietatibus  ditaretur:  sed,  quod  nefas  est,  tuo 
decrescit  impedimento,  tuaque  humUiatur  oppressione. 
Et  quia,  licet  indigni,  non  dubitamus  nos  in  beato 
Petro  apostolo  omnium  ecdesiarum  curam  omniumque 
fidelium  suscepisse  soUicitudinem,  ideoque  tuam  mone- 
mus  dilectionem,  ut  pro  timore  apostolorum  Petri  et 
Pauli,  nostraque  veneratione,  ab  ipsius  loci  cesses  direp- 
tione,  nihil  ab  ejus  proprietatibus,*  villis  et  possessioni- 


'  This  letter  is  referred  by  Dr. 
JafiS,  followiDg  Williiim  of  Malmes- 
bury,  to  pope  John  XIII.  and  the 
year  971.  As,  however,  Dunstan 
was  then  at  the  zenith  of  his  power, 
and  Edgar  was  not  likely  to  have 
allowed  the  rights  of  Qlastonbnry 
to  be  interfered  with,  and  as,  more- 
over, there  is  no  West  Saxon  eal- 
dorman  of  the  name  of  Elfric  at  the 
time, — it  seems  better  to  refer  it  to 
John  XV.  and  the  ealdorman  Elfric 
whose  tenure  of  office  began  in  or 
about  982,  and  who  fell  at  the  battle 
of  Assandun.  The  interpolations  of 
the  copy  used  by  William  of  Mal- 
mesbury  (G.  B.  lib.  ii.  p.  246,  ed. 
Hardy)  are  given  in  the  notes,  and 
show  how  the  originally  simple  let- 
ter of  the  pope  was  adapted  by  the 
monks  to  the  maintenance  of  their 


claim  on  particular  estates.  It  is 
printed  in  the  Monasticon,  i.  68, 
from  the  Cotton  MS.  Vitellius  D.  7, 
which  professes  to  take  it  "  ex  libro 
"  epistolarum  Alcuini  qui  fuit  Caroli 
"  institutor,"  that  is  the  MS.  Tibe- 
rius A.  15. 

'  GlesHngabumgh  ]  qu®  totius 
Britannis  prima,  et  ab  antiquis 
primoribus  ad  proprietatem  et  tute- 
lam  Bomani  pontificis  pertinere  di- 
nOBcitur,  ins.  W.  Malmesb. 

3  villas]  sed  et  ecclesias  de  Brente, 
de  Filtune,  quas  Ina  rege  dante  ope- 
ram  cum  aliis  ecdesiis  quas  juste 
et  canonice  possidet,  scilicet  Soweie, 
Stret,  Merlinc,  Budecal,  Sapewice, 
ins.  W.  MaluL 

<  proprietatibuB]  ecclesiis,  capel- 
lis,  ins.  W.  Malmesb. 


/ 


RELIQUL£  DUNSTANIANiE. 


397 


bus  invadens.     Quod  si  hsec  non  feceris,   sdas  te  vice  aj).  935-995. 


He 


apostolorum  prmcipis  nostra   auctoiitate  excommunica- thnatena 

him   1  jITi 

turn,  et  a  coetu  fidelium  remotum,  perpetuoque  anathe-  excpmmuni- 
mati  submissum,  et   setemo  igni    cum  Juda  traditore 
perenniter  mandpatum. 


; 


XXVI.  Epistola  Johannis  papje  XV^^} 

(MS.  Cotton,  Tiberius  A.  15,  fo.  171  b.) 

Johannes    quintusdedmus,    sanctse  Bomanae   ecdesise    aj).99i. 

Tho  DODO 

papa,  omnibus  fidelibus.^    Noverint  omnes  sanctse  ma- baa  beard 
tris  ecclesise  fideles  et  nostrylitriusque  ordinis  per  di-  between 
mata  sseculi  dilatati,  qualiter  nobis  relatum  est  a  com-  >^<»^ 
pluribus   de   inimidtia  JCthekedi  Saxonum   Occidenta- ard,and 

.  •  «  •      *  .  tent  bishop 

lium  regis  necnon  et  Bicardi  marcnionis,  unde  nimium  Leo  to 

.     .  ..  .  •  .  •  reooDoie 

tristis   effectus,   utpote    de   filiis    nostris    spiritualibus,  them. 
tandem  inito  salubri  consilio  accersivi  quendam  apocri- 
sarium    nostrum    Leonem,'  videlicet   episcopum   sanctse 
Treverensis  ecdesise,  et  misi  eum  illuc  cum  litteris  nos- 
tiis  exhortatoriis,  ut  resipiscerent  ab  hac  superstitione. 
Qui   transiens  vastas   intercapedines  terrarum,   tandem  Leopreeents 
marinos  transmeavit  fines,  et  in  die  Nativitatis  Domini  tiais. 
pervenit  ante   conspectum   regis   prsBfEiti ;   moxque   ex 
parte  nostra  salutato  obtulit  litteras,  quas   illi   misera- 


1  This  letter  is  given  by  William 
of  Malmesbory  in  the  Gresta  Regnm, 
lib.  ii.  §  166  ;  and  with  vexy  slight 
yariations  from  the  text  of  the  Ck>t- 
ton  MS.  Notwithstanding  its  ex- 
ceptional fbim,  it  is  accounted  genu- 
ine by  Dr.  Jaff<$  (Begesta  Pontificom, 
p.  338).  It  was  printed  by  Wilkins, 
Cone.  i.  264,  and  by  Mansi,  xix.  81. 
The  foct  that  it  is  found  in  the  Cot- 
ton MS.  proTCB  it  to  be  a  contem- 
porary document. 

'  cmfdhui  fidelihuM]  inter].  MS. 


'  Leo  is  not  counted  among  the 
archbishops  of  Treves ;  Dr.  Lappen- 
burg  (Gesch.  Engl.  i.  422)  under- 
stands that  he  was  a  vice-bishop  or 
BufBragan.  The  mention  of  him  has 
been  thought  to  throw  doubt  on  the 
genuineness  of  the  document ;  see 
Freeman,  Norman  Conq.  i.  631 ; 
Palgrave,  Hist.  Normandy  and  Eng- 
land, iii.  106.  I  have  no  doubt  that 
the  Leo  in  question  was  the  abbot 
of  S.  Boniface  at  Rome  who  was  in 
the  year  991  employed  in  Germany. 


398 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANl. 


peace. 


Names  of 

ambaBsa- 

dora. 


A.D.  991.   mus ;  qui  accersitis  cunctis  sui  regni  fidelibus  utriusque 

oa^^uhfs     ordinis  sapientioribus,  ob  amorem  et  timorem  Dei  Om- 

^d  ^reed  mpoteiitis,  necnon  et  Saacti  Petri  apostolorum  principis, 

^   ^      et  per   nostram   admonitioiiem    patemam,   firmissimam 

concessit  pacem,  cum  omnibus  filiis  suis  et  filiabus  prse- 

sentibus  et  fiituris^  et  cum  omnibus  fidelibus  suis  sine 

dolo.     Qua  de  re  misit^  iSthelsinum,  sanctdB  Scirebur- 

nensis    ecdesiad    prsesidem,   necnon    Leofstanum    filium 

Alfwoldi,    atque    Wistani    filium    Ethelnothum ;    qui  * 

transierunt  marinos  fines  et  pervenerunt  usque  ad  Ri- 

Bjchard  re-  cardum  prsefatum  marchionem :   qui   et  monita  nostra 

ceived  the 

embasny,  pacifice  suscipicns,  simulque  audiens  decretum  suprafati 
regis^  libenti  animo  eandem  pacem  firmavit,  cum  filiis 
et  filiabus  suis  pwesentibus  et  futuris,  et  cum  omnibus 
fidelibus  suis,  eo  rationis*  tenore,  ut  si  aliquis  eorum 
vel  ipsi  injuste  aliquid  contra  alterum  perpetraverit, 
digna  emendatione  purgetur,  paxque  maneat  perpetuali- 
ter  et  inconvulsa,  sacramentorum  utriusque  partis  stig- 

Oaths  of  the  mate  stipulata ;  ex  parte  scilicet  regis  ^Slthelredi  Ethel- 
sinus  praesid  sanctse  Schirebumensis  ecclesise,  et  Leofstan 
Alfwoldi  filius,  et  Athelnothus  Wistani  filius ;  ex  parte 
Ricardi  Rogerus  episcopus,  Rodulfiis  Hugonis  filius, 
Turstenc  filius  Turgis.  Actum  Rotomago  kalendis  Mar- 
tii,  anno  ab  Incamatione  Domini  nongentesimo  nona- 
gesimo  primo,  Indictione  quarta :  et  de  hominibus  regis 
vel  de  inimicis  suis,  nullum  Richardus  recipiat,  nee  rex 
de  suis  sine  sigiUo  eorum. 


Dated  at 

Bouen, 

Mar.l. 


1  misit']  mittenB,  MS.,  corrected. 
Ethelsige  bishop  of  Sherborne  mied 
from  978  to  992. 


3  gut]  interl.  in  MS. 

'  eo  raUanii']  et  orationiB,  MS. 


RELIQULfi  DUNSTANIANiE. 


399 


XXVII.  Epistola  ad  Sigericum. 

(MS.  Cotton,  Tiberiof  A.  15,  lb.  164.) 

Consentaneo  typici  nominis  preesagio  Sig.,^  Apostolico  ad.  990-094 
summi  prsesulatiis    ciriceo  *  largiflua   Dei  gratia  deciir-  S^Jms" 
rato,'  levitarum   infimis*   N.  commodissima   vacillantis'^*^^^*"^^* 
tempora    ssBCuli^    necne   in    generalis   judicii    examine 
senatorum  apostolici  prioratus  summam.     Clamentissimi 
Redemptoris  nostri  veridica  valere  oracula  in  tuo,  prse-  simio  has 
sulmn  karissime,  dominio    divinitus  collate  non  anreochAMMipTo- 

a  .1  ZDotion. 

seu  quovis  mercatus  quomodo  multomm  mos  est  mu- 
nere  adepto^  luce  clarius  expleta  patescit,  quibus  pro- 
prios  alumnos  vivificae  doctrinae  sequaces,  quorum 
tu  in  ecdesia  Dei  vicarium  apicem  septiformis  spin- 
tus  sancti  obtitulatum  insignitus  prseduenter  exerces 
mystico  summo  die  rationis  et  iste  fovit  potando  .  . 
evangelia  .  .  .  sene  sic  ut  alicubi  exorsus  est ;  Omni 
habenti  dabitur  et  habundabit,  ei  autem  qui  non  habet, 
quod  habere  videtttr,  etiam  auferetur  ab  eo.  Hujus  ergo 
Dominici  lactis     .     .     .     mo  ingeniolo  ^   habetur      .     . 

.     .    medio   frigore astico 

pastori  delitescat prsesagio     .     melliflusB 

caritatis  amplitudine  limpidissime  patescere  incunctan-  To  describe 
ter   credimus.     Quam   felix   provincia  loci   etiam   situ  nessof&e 
amoena,  tantum   animularum   sortita  promum  salutiferi  win  not  use 
Christi   sacramenti  misteriarcbe,  non   perifrasticis   elle-  sophy. 
bori  ant  Aristotelis  sive  reliquorum   sophistarum  cavil- 
lationes   indagantem,   quorum    multifida   perplexionum 
argumentatio,  quia   stolida   hujus   mundi   elegit   Deus, 
velud   fiunus   per   inane  longiuscule  difiusus,  irrita  ad- 
nullatur,  verum  orthodoxorum  catholicse  fidei  cultorum 
omeliis  canonicis   gregem   Dominicum   sibi  commissum 
ambrosciatim  pascentem.     Nee  mirum  competente  quo- 


>  Probably  from  the  writer  of 
No.  xzyiii.,  who  also  uses  the  word 
mUUriariAa;  if  not,  it  may  be  re- 
ferred to  the  writer  of  No.  xzi. 

•  ciriceo]  Probably  laipvKti^ ;  the 


herald's  staff,  used   here  for   the 
pastoral  staff. 
s  decurrato]  deoorato. 

*  ifl/Smu]  So  MS. ;  read  infimns. 

*  ingenioio']    Compare  the  use  of 
this  word  in  No.  xzi.  p.  386  above. 


400 


VITA  SANCn  DUNSTANI. 


AJ).  990-094.  mmlibet   religiosorum    meriio,   talem   prsefectum    gra- 

^^^       tuita  Dei  miseratione  praedestinatum  constat  quia  sicut 

mCTM."''    exigentibus    perfidorum     legirupum    excessibus     sermo 

doctoris  ssepe   adimitur,  sic  benivolus  Deo  subditorum 

votis  coelitus  augetur. 

Subjectus  mecum  populus  nunc  plaudat  ovando 

Paulo  quo  totum  stemat  seseque  magistro 

Limpida  vitaUs  capiens  alimenta  salutis 

Ut  Stigias  Zabuli  valeat  vitare  lacunas 

Ac  paradisycolis    .     .     .     conjungere  turmis. 

Salve  summe    .     .     praesid  prses     .     . 

Angelicis  comitatus  eas  proventibus  opto. 

XXVIII.  Epistola  Elfwerdi^  abbatis  ad  Sigemcum 

ARCHIEPISCOPUM. 
(MS.  Cotton,  Tiberius  A.  15,  fo.  170.) 

AD.990-994.      DUectissimo  in  Christo   patri   Sigerico   misteriarchfi^, 

^bto^   humilis    vestrse    patemitati    abbas    Elfwerdus    aetemsB 

££gui^to  beatitudinis  et  perpetuse  prosperitatis  salutem. 

2!^^^      Amico  antiquo  novus  non  est  similis ;  amicus  qui  for- 

bi8h^. '     tunam  sequitur  et  tempus  observat,  qui  juxta  loci  qua- 

Utatem  mutatur,  nunquam  verus  fuit.     O  si  ferrea  vox 

esset   omnipotens    pUivertentia   in   Unguis,  vel   sic   ad 

aures  tui  cordis  verba  dilectionis  sincerse  pervenire  va- 

luissent,  vel  in  tuo  pectore  spiritus  esset  prophetise,  ut 

perspicere  cordis  mei  archana  potuisses ;  crederes  itaque 

quam  suavissimo  sapore  tui  amoris  pectus  meum  com- 

pletur;  sed  nunc  quod  valeo  faciam,  hos  parvos  apices 

magnce  indices  caritatis  tibi  dirigo,  ut  per  hos  inteUigas 

quod  vix  intelligi  potest,  sicut  flamma  videri,  tangi  hoc 

non  potest karitas 

Abbot  BU-   in  litteris   cemi   potest,  sed  vix 

arobbiahop  scntiri   valct   scribcntis,  quasi  sdntillse     .     .     de   igne 

oontouance ut  dilectio  litterarum  officio  valet,  sed 

plurimi   sunt,  in    quibus         corde    extinguuntur,   ideo 


in  good 
works. 


>  Elfvreard  succeeded  as  abbot  of 
Glastonbory  on  tbe  promotion  of 
Sigar  to  the  see  of  Wells,  which 
took  place  between  the  years  975 


and  978.  He  continued  abbot  for 
seyeral  years  in  the  next  century. 
Sigeric  as  a  monk  of  Glastonbury 
may  bare  been  his  pupil. 


RELIQUIAE  DUNSTANIANJE.  401 

gratius  lucescit,  ubi  vel  aliqua  ejus  flamma  ardescit.  A.D.090-9M 
Quia  in  te,  pater  karissime,  veram  inveni  karitatem, 
ideo  nulla  terrarum  spatia  me  prohebent  secundum 
opportunitatem  portantis  ctipientem  in  Christo  per- 
henniter  firui ;  eujus  amor  nosiram  utinam  .  .  .  dam 
per  Ejus  dilectionem  nobis  inviolabilis     ....     pa- 

temitas  eujus  caritatem  si  consacerdos 

sicut  tuba  coelestis,  sicut  prseco  salutis  cunctorum  in- 
gerere  cordibus  studeas ;  quicquid  illius  respuit  sancti- 
tas  instantissime  respue  :  quicquid  illius  diligit  bonitas  /    /-j  -  J^ ,  /// 

ardentissime  prsedica.     Memor  esto  semper  quod  j^ttur  07^ 

^  tuum  tuba  Dei  debet  esse,  eFTiri^a  lua  oninibus  prseco  ^ 

salutis.     Esto  pastor  non  mercenarius,  rector  non  sub- 
versot,  lux^non  tenebrae,  civitas  firma  fide  murata,  non  He  wanw 
3omus  pltK^is^  dlruta,  miles  Christi  ffloriosus,  non  apo-  reroonsi- 

* .jt-  /  -    ,      .  —      ^— -■    ^         ,      *      4>ilitiet of 

stata  vili8,(pate9  gsgedicator  et  non  adulator.     Melius  est  hia  great 
Deum  timere  quam   hominem,  plus  Deo  placere  quam 
'  liominibus    blandiri./  ^rgam_  j^ccepisti  jastoralem,  eC 

"  "^  baculum    consolatioms    fratemse;    iUam    ad   r^enSumr 

istum  ad  consolandum,  ut  moerentes  consolationem  ba-" 

beant   in   te,  et   contumaces  correctionem  sentiant  per  , 

/  — ■-—  -  — ->  —  '    ^-   -       -  w  .  .A  f «-  ,,         ^ 

r  r  c.^  p'v^-^     te.     Potestas  judicis  est  .   cendere    ./vivificare.     Quid  *  \a  t/     v^^  w 

/      I    ..  ^>,  times  hominem  propter  gla  .     .     .   vem  regni  accepisti 
^*  ^-^   ^         a  Christo  ;  recordare  quia  gassus  estfcro  te  et  non  me- 
'  \K\    ^''        tuasjoqui  pro  Illo.     Ille  pro  tuo  ajm)re  davis  confixus'     ^ 

pependit  in  cruce  et  tu   si     7  .~^  .     .     .     .'dignitatis"*      yj»  r-d*- J     U- 
.1/        tuee   ob   timorem   hominis  tacueris ,  .     .     novit,   pater,  /x  l.    //a, 

novit ;  ^d^  sicut  Ilie  dilexlL^  ita   ailige  et  Ilium.     Qui 
\  .        plus  laborat  plus  mercedis  accipieL^  Si    .     J  -    -    de-      (  ^^\^  ^  /  ^^^^  . '  ' 
finquentes/'libi  est  merces  apud  Doininum 'et  summa  ^ 

salus     .     .    T     !     ;     .         '.  *'.     .    odierit  increpantem. 

itte'  est tudo.     Esto   miseris  exI  orutioii    /  .* 

^consolator,   pauperibus    pater,  omnibus  affabilis,   done^  cdiflcation.  -  - 

"[^ell^as   quid  cuicimique  respondeaS;^^^_  semper  tua  ^  4-  7  ' 

responsio  sale  sit  sapientife  condita>  non  temerana  sed 
A/ia^desta,   non  verbosa   sed  ^onesta.      Sint   tibi   mores      '^v^ 
humanitate  pneclari,  humilitate  laudabiles,  pietate  ama- 

c  c 


>,    ^ 


402  VITA  SANCTI   DUNSTANI. 

A.D. 990-994.  biles,  ut  nou  solum  verbis  sed  exemplis^erudjaig  tecum 
viventes  vel  ad  te  venien^s!     Sit '  manua  tua  larga  In 
elemosynis,  promta  in  reddendo  et  caiita .  m^accipiendo. 
'Pnepara  tibi  thesauriim_Jp^coe&:  divitiae  viri  redemp- 
tio  esfanimaB  illius,  quia  beatiusest/'dare  quam  acci-  y 

pere.  Invenimus  unam  '^retiosam^'Tnargarilam;  demus 
omma  quae  habemus  e€  emamus  illam.     Lectio  sanclae 

To  the  study  scripturae  saepius  tuislnveniatur  in  manibus,  ut  ex  iIIaT 
y       »  .  |-       Writ.  tg^  ./.     saturar^ 'et "  alios  pascere  valeas.     Vifflliae   et 

x; ,  vj^   ^  orationes  assiduae  sint^ibi^eo  magis  quia  pro  tuo  populo " 

^  Christiaiio'  intercedere   debes  ;   esto  omnibus     .... 

vicariusT)ei,  exemplum  honestatis  ....  medicina 
vulneratis,  afflictis  consolator ;  pastor  non  mercenarius ; 
domus  Dei  non  spelunca  latronum;  palma  florens, 
oliva  semper  virens.  Non  terrena  fragilitatis  terreat 
potestas,  non  saecularis  ambitio  pontificalem  severitatem 
compescat.  Noli  timere  eos  qui  corpus  possunt  occidere, 
animam  autem  non  possunt.   Noli  columbas  vendere  Dei; 

To  blame-    da  quod  gratis  accepisti.     Irreprehensibilem  te  ipsum  in 

and  read      oumibus  exhibe,  ut  vita  tua  doctrina  sit  populi,  ex  bona 

S.  Qresoiy's  r   r       ' 

^asftoni.  conversatione  tua  aedificentur  plurimi :  lege  diligenter 
obsecro  evangelia  Christi,  libros  quoque  alios  canonicse 
auctoritatis,  sed  et  Pastoralem  beati  Gregorii  papsd  saepis- 
sime  perscrutare.  His  epulis  animam  tuam  pasce,  ut  ha- 
beatis  unde  alios  reficere  valeas.  Dulce  mihi  est  saepius 
tuae  scribere  reverentiae,  opiniatissime  pater,  tuamque 
implorare  clementiam,  quatenus  quae  vestrae  perpaucas 
patemitati  literulas  theoricae  causa  karitatis  omisimus, 
me  quoque  per  cunct  .  .  implere  nequisse  cognoscas, 
nostraque  cordetenus  taediosum  verbositas  hand  videri 
optamus ;  tuae  quoque  celsitudinis  litteris  recitatis  gau- 
debam  de  tuae  prosperitatis  salute,  cujus  praesens  quan- 
tum valui  fautor  fid  etiam  et  nunc  absens  cupidus,  et 
utinam  ...  in  litteris  praemisisti,  memor  sis  utique 
patemitatis  et  dulcedinis  inter  nos  in  Domino,  qui  sem- 
per nos  in  sua  provehat  voluntate  et  proficere  £axdat  in 
suis  mandatis.     Memores  simus  quod  nos  de  stercore 


semce. 


RELIQUIAE   DUNSTANIAN^.  403 

erexit,  ut  collocet  inter  principes  populi  sui,  non  nostris  a.d.  990-994. 
meritis,  sed  sua  gratuita  misericordia,  Cui  semper  gratias  ttJn^' 
agamus  in  omni  vita  nostra  ut  ille  qui  exaltavit  etiam  H^dlvSe^ 
et  conservet.     Omnes  vero  ecclesias  quas  ad  dirigen- 

dum  accepisti,  diligentissime  in  Dei  laude  exoma;  in 
eis  horis  psalmorum  melodia,  orationum  instantia,  mis- 
sarum  solemnia,  et  intercessiones  pro  te  .  .  tuisque 
amicis.  Sint  tibi  filii  minores  cum  honestate  et  tem- 
perantia  vestimentorum,  moderatus  cultus,  convivia  non 
in  luxuria  et  ebrietate,  sed  in  sobrietate,  et  congruentia 
temporibus  et  personis.  XJbique  Dei  amorem  ante  ocu- 
los  habeas ;  humilitas  te  exaltet,  et  Veritas  honorabilem 
faciat,  misericordia  amabilem ;  sit  tua  manus  pauperi- 
bus  larga,  amicis  benigna ;  esto  fidelis  dispensator  do- 
mus  Dei;  forma  esto  salutis  omnibus  tecum  habitanti- 
bus,  quia  te  Deus  honore  nobilem  fecit.  Esto  quoque 
ex  moribus  nobilis ;  luceat  lux  tuae  bonitatis  coram 
omnibus,  ut  glorificetur  in  te  Pater  coelestis.  Qui  te  in 
hac  praesenti  vita  custodiat,  et  in  futura  vita  gloriam 
tibi  concedat  getemam.  Mei  quoque  obsecro  ut  memo- 
riam  habeas  inter  missarum  solempnia  et  in  Sanctis 
orationibus  tuis,  ut  anima  .  .  .  perpetua  prosperi- 
tate  gaudeat  vitae.  Ego  devotus  tuae  patemitatis  filius 
nunquam  obliviscar  tui,  sed  semper  super  onmes  alios 
diligo  karitate.  Deum  cotidie  cum  .  .  .  cordis  com- 
punctione  deprecantem  aetema  pietate  custodiat,  regat, 
protegat,  sine  fine  defendat. 

Mitis  ab  aethereo  dementia  Christus  Olimpo 
Protegat,  exaltet,  omet,  amet,  foveat. 

Nee mine  nostras 

L     .     .     scripsit  quaa  pietatis  amor. 

Terra,  polus,  pelagus,  homines  volucresque  ferseque, 
Cantoris  resonent  voce,  valeto  pater. 

Pagina  si  brevis  est  non  est  brevis  ardor  amantis^ 
Nam  plus  corda  colunt  quam  mea  verba  sonant. 

Christicolae  angelica  Sigerico  carmina  laudent 
Salve,  sancte  Dei  praesul  resonantque  per  aevum. 

CC  2 


404 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


XXIX.  Epistola  cujusdam. 

(MS.  Tiberius  A.  15,  fo.  160.) 


C 


The  writer 
nsBuros  his 

friend  of  his  candenti  N.  amicitiae  sine  sear 

constant  *^ 


.  naliuni  fratri  gloria  Meli  .     .  feliciter 

.  .  deficiendi  totum 
employment  posse  inter  angelicarum  consortia  turmarum  ciun  ful- 
gentis  nuptialis  indumenti  consessionem.  Fratri  merito 
fidissimo,  ne  minus  .  .  memora  .  .  nulla  patens 
dilectionis  intimet,  mando  quia  meditatio  benivola  cordi 
tenet  amando,  et  fit  per  amplas  regiones  kartula  amoris 
nuntia  quae  Paulinos  clientulos  de  Grsecia  per  Timo- 
theum  exortabatur  gratiosa,  ne  nos   doleas 

absentes  ....  conversari  intimamus  nos  dulciter 
cum  probabilissimis  refoveri;  cotidie  lectum  quampluris 
convenimus,  nee  minus  voluntati  profidmus.  Jamque 
vale  inceptsB  ferto  karitatis  amorem.  Per  commodum 
remitte  qui  nobis  quid  tecum  agatur  nuncium  nunciet, 
O  jugiter  ben    .     .     . 


A.D.  090- 
lOOS. 

The  writer 
sends  good 
wishes  to 
Wulstan. 
He  has 
received  a 
command 
to  translate 
some  book 
into  Latin. 


XXX.  Epistola  cujusdam  ad  Wulstanum.^ 

(MS.  Cotton,  Vespasian  B.  14,  fo.  177.) 

Domino  illustrissimo  atque  divinis  dogmatibus  et 
operibus  plenissimo,  metropolitanse  Lundonise  ecclesise 
pontificum  dignissimo  Wulstano,  cunctorum  sanctae  cru- 
cis  caracterem  gestantium  famulus  supplex,  post  virtu- 
tum  omnium  expetibilem  ubertatem,  summamque  inter 
apostolicos  doctores  coelo  fulgidos  felidtatem.  Quia 
salutare  prseceptum  beatitudinis  vestrse,  quae  me  quadam 
sapientisB  prserogativa  nescio  unde  arbitrata  florere, 
archana  quse  nostis  meis  studidt  auribus  insinuare, 
quae   litteris   Tiatinis    deberem    commen;dare,    impotens 


'  Walfttan,  bishop  of  London 
996-1008.  The  bishop  seems  to 
hare  ordered  the  writer  to  turn  some 


work  into  Latin.  He  finds  himself 
uneqiul  to  the  task,  and  humbly 
deelines. 


RELIQULfi  DUNSTANIANJE.  405 

sum  parere :   in   multa   cordis   fluctuatione   me  scitote  a j).  ooe- 

1  AIM 

^  laborare ;  enimvero  si  banc  jussionem  vestram,  quae 
divinse  dulcedinis  absque  dubio  fert  jocunditatem,  finic- 
tuosa  obedientia  explere  valerem,  tempestuosse  consci- 
entise  mesd  cupitaB  temperiei  tranquillitatem  obtinerem. 
Igitur  quia  sic  mihi  fluctuanti  hsec  denegatiu:  tranquil-t 
litas  optima,  midtum  expavescens  quo  indignationis 
vestrae  ofiensam  mea  patiatur  supplex  et  artibus  om- 
nibus nuda  inopia>  ad  poenam  suam  satis  sibi  sit,  quaeso, 
magna  quam  sustinet  verecundia;  banc  inquam  vere- 
cundiam  ipse  in  me  acriter  reprebendo,  quia  ipsam  He  hm 
adeo  mihi  molestam  non  sustinerem,  si  quod  mibi  im-  J®?""®* « 
posuistis  me  expleturum  non  devoverer,  si  quidem  spem  Aentofhis 
aliquantulam  habebam  me  in  hoc  negotio  posse  obe- 
dire ;  quandoque  jussus  fueram  ad  primum  studui  inire, 
sed  revera  postmodum  diligenter  dulcissimam  eloquii 
vestri  oonsiderans  sagacitatem,  decenterque  dispositae 
narrationis  prolixitatem,  simulque  profunditatem,  me 
ad  haec  transferenda  nullam  reputo  habere  facultatem. 
Attamen  si  temporis  opportimitatem  et  linguae  vestne 
praedulcem  sonoritatem  haberem,  piis  imperils  vestris 
quoquomodo  parere  valerem.  Vos  ergo  dementer  banc 
excusatoriam  susdpientes  querimoniam  Ejus  pro  amore 
Qui  nos  cotidie  audit  plus  Sibi  promittere  quam  per- 
solvere,  insipientise  mese  quae  ampHus  quam  p<^tuit 
non  puduit  promittere  dignemini  parcere.  Onmipotens 
Dominus  ad  Suae  utUitatem  ecdesiae  dies  vestros  in  Sua 
pace  disponat,  atque  vos  cum  midtiplici  numero  com- 
missarum  vobis  animarum  ad  gaudia  ccelestia  perducat. 
Valete. 


406 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


A  J).  908- 
1001. 

The  writer 

K'veBhis 
)st  advice 
to  the 
bishop. 


XXXI.  Epistola  archiepiscopi  cujusdam  ad 

WtTLFSINUM.l 
(MS.  Paris,  Lat  943.) 

[  ]  Dei  [gratia]  archiepiscopus,  fideli  amico  Wlf- 
sino  episcopo,  setem^  sospitatis  et  pacis  in  Domino  Deo 
salutem.  Gratias  agamus  Deo,  qui  nos  indignos  et 
ultimos  servorum  suorum  prseordinavit  ad  regimen  Suae 
sanctse  ecdesise  in  tarn  periculosis  et  laboriosissimis 
temporibns.  Et  nunc  in  commune  deprecemur  Omni- 
potentis  Dei  clementiam  ut  Ille  nos  adjuvet  in  omni 
opere  bono.  Et  tu,  carissime  frater,  viriliter  fac,  et  for- 
titer  opus_  Domini  quod  habes  in  manibus  perfice^  ad 
mercedem  anim5e..nostr8e  et  ad  salutem  multarum  ani- 
marum.  Non  cesset  lingua  tua  in  praedicando,  non  pes 
^tuus  cireumeundo  gregem  tibi  commissum,  non  maiuig. 
tua  a  laborando;  ut  eleemosynae  fiant  per  te,  ut  sancta 


^  This  letter  was  first  printed  by 
Mabillon,  AA.  SS.  O.  S.  B.,  stec.  v. 
p.  239,  from  the  Paris  MS.  Mabil- 
lon ascribes  it  to  Dunstan,  but  gives 
no  reason  for  doing  so  beyond  the 
fact  that  it  is  found  in  what  he 
calls  the  Pontifical  of  Dunstan,  that 
is  the  Pontifical  of  the  church  of 
Sherborne.  That  the  Wulfsige  to 
whom  it  is  addressed  was  bishop  of 
Sherborne  may  be  proved  by  this  ; 
but  no  such  bishop  was  consecrated 
by  or  contemporary  with  Dunstan. 
The  same  MS.  gives  a  list  of  the 
bishops  of  that  see,  which  exactly 
agrees  with  the  results  of  an  exami- 
nation of  the  charters.  The  dates 
seem  to  be  as  follows  : — ^A  bishop 
Wulfisige  of  Sherborne  rules  from 
943  to  958  ;  Elfwold  succeeded  and 
signs  charters  from  961  to  978 ; 
then  Ethelsige,  from  979  to  991 ; 
then  another  Wulfsige,  from  993 
onwards.  It  is  possible  that  the 
elder  Wul&ige  survived  to  961,  and 
saw  Dunstan  on  the  archiepiscopal 


throne ;  bnt  it  is  scarcely  likely  that 
Dunstan  would  write  such  a  letter 
as  the  above  to  a  person  much  older 
than  himself;  and  it  would  seem 
probable  from  the  fact  that  Briht- 
helm  bishop  of  Wells  is  spoken  of 
as  **  Dorsetensium  episcopus  " 
(above,  p.  38),  that  he  was  ad- 
ministering the  see  of  Sherborne, 
at  the  time  that  Canterbury  was 
vacant  on  the  death  of  Odo.  It 
seems  best,  therefore,  to  refer  the 
letter  to  the  later  Wulfsige,  in  which , 
case  the  writer  would  be  archbishop 
Sigerio,  or  more  probably  the  more 
famous  Elfric,  who  succeeded  to 
Canterbury  in  995  or  996.  The 
reference  to  the  troublous  times  may 
aUo  belong  more  probably  to  the 
reign  of  Ethelred  than  to  that  of 
Edgar.  The  tone  presents  a  re- 
markable likeness  to  No.  xxviii., 
and  suggests  that  Sigeric,  if  he 
were  the  writer,  had  adapted  the 
letter  he  had  received  from  Elfwerd 
to  his  own  use. 


< 


'>' 


f 


REUQUt£  DUNSTANIAKJE. 


407 


and 


Dei  ubique  exaltetur  ecdesia.     Esto  forma  salutis  om-AJ).9M- 
niuin  :    m   te  sit  exemplum  conversationis  sanctLssimse,  He  warns 
in  te^sit  solatium  miseronim,' inle  cbntortatio  duHfabr  the  te^tap 
tium,  m  te  disciplinsB  ngor.  in  te  ventatis.JLducia,   in  world, 
tejbotius  bonitatis  spes.     Non  te  sseeuli  pompa  exaltet^ 
non  ciborum  Inxus  enervet,  non  vestimentorum  vanitas 
emoUiat,  non  adulantium  lingua  decipiat,  nbn'Hetralieii^ 
tium   adversitas    conturbet,    non    tristia TrangahtT^  non* 
Iseta   elevent,  non   sis   arundo  Vento   agitata,  non   flos* 
aune    tempestatis    decidens,    non    paries   rumosJ^'noIT 
clomus    super    arenam    posita ;    sed    templum/Dei  vivi 

jsuper  firmam  petram  constructum,  cujus  ipse  sit  Spin- 
tusT^raclitus  inhabitator.     Mitem    te    et   humilem  ad^ 
meliores  ostende,  durum  et  rigidum  "ad'  superbos,  omnia  He  www 
ommbus  factusfut  omnes  lucrari  possis;  habeas  In  ma^  to  a  life  of 

"nibus  tuis  mererSbsmthium,  quicquid~cui"'placeal  edaD^^ding. 
ex  illis;   cui    de  pia  pnedicatione  vesci  libeatj  aecipiatjorahip. 

;mel ;  jiui  dura^  invectione  indigeaf,  bibat  ex  absinthio^ 
ita  tamen  ut  liceat  ei  mel  venise  sperare,  si  rosea  con- 
fessio  pcenitentise  prsecedat.  Omnia  vestra  honesta  cum 
ordine'  fiant ;   tempus    statuatur  lectioni,  et  oratio  suas~ 

^abeat  horasi~el~  imssanim  sollemnia  "prbprio  tempore 
conveniant.  ^Qui   diem  sapit  Domino  sapiat.     Sit  mo- 

^desta  in  con^aviis  Isetitia,  sit  casta  in  Jejumis  *percep- 

'  tlo ;  "lavelur  pcenitentia  "tkcies,  unguatur  oleo  miseri- 
cordise  caputf^ut  "omnia  acceptabilia  fiant  Domino  Deo, 

^TJui  te '  elegit   Sibi   sacerdotem.     Ducem^   ammone   et  He  bids  him 

1  i*ij^  X        '       •        -y        adyiae  his 

omnes  sseculares  pnncipes,  ut  pietatem  et  misenoordiam  eaidoniian 

•        •     -t.   .•  ,  J 'A*  j«         J  •    and  other 

in  judiciis    conservent,    munditiam   cordis   et   corporis  chiefs  to 
semper  diligant,  quia  beati  mundi  corde,  quoniam  ipsi  Church. 
Deum  videbunt ;  ecclesiam  Christi  defendant,  ut  eorum 
adjutor   ac   defensor   fiat  Dominus  ecclesise;   viduis   et 
pupillis  misericordes  ut  illorum  misereatur  Deus,  et  in 


U  t 


C  t^*^ 


/' 


.  -'  t 


JL 


^  If  the  ascription  to  the  second 
Wulfiiige  be  a<bnitted,  the  dux  here 
«poken  of  will   be  the  ealdoimao 


ElfHc  to  whom  the  letter  No.  xzt, 
is  addressed. 


408  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 

t      A.D.908-     onmes  homines  mites  et  benigni,  populum  Dei  congre* 

,•  ^^  gantes  et   non   dispergentes,  pacem   inter   se  habentes> 

\    \y.''     HeurgM      quia    beati    pacifici,  quoniam  filii  Dei  vocabimtur.     Et 

'      I  ^       ^Gregoiy*8  tu,  carissime  firater,  ante   oculos  cordis   semper  habeto 

jpwOTw.      ^iiuQj^jQ  j)qi  g^  amorem,  et  fiber  Pastoralis  beati  Gre- 

f^ ,'     ^    ,  gorii    patris^    ubi    Dei   rectorum    subjectommque    vita 

*^  VM       ^  diligentius  discemitur,  ssepius  ante  te  legatur ;  et  nostri     r-  T~    ' 

^  ^.  memoriam  nominis  habeto   in   tuis  Sanctis  orationibus,  '    /       " 


memoriam  nominis  habeto   in   tuis  Sanctis  orationibus> 
^y    '  un)ei  Omnipotentis  iitisericordia   nos    defendat,  regal 

atque  custodiat,  sicut  vos  velle  credo,  ut  in  dilectione 
Dei  et  voluntate  cursum  agamus  vitae  nostrse.  Et  su- 
perfluum  non  sestimes,  nee  arrogantise,  ut  vos  ammo- 
nerem,  sed  intimo  caritatis  afiectu  suscipite,  quia  urba 
firma  frater  qui  a  fratre  juvatur. 

Te  Deus  Omnipotens  salvum  conservet  in  sevum. 


; 


XXXII.  Epistola  encyclica  W.  Scikeburnensis  epi- 

SCOPI  ^  AD  UNIVERSOS  EPISCOPOS,  ABBATES  ET  FIDELES. 
(Martene  &  Dnrand,  Ampl.  CoU,  i.  354.)' 

AJ).iKa-  1.  Annuente  atque  favente  melliflua  Dei  gratia  epi- 

The  biflhop  scopis,  abbatibus,  ducibus,  universisqtie  indytis  vemaculis 
S^^S^^IrSSe  ^  sanctae  Dei  ecdesise,  W.  hmnilis  apostolicus  minister 
^^-       S.  parrochte  pads  prosperitatem  pTrmanendamque  in 

Christo  salutem.  .  j 

Gain  had         Igitur    nullatcnus    dubitamus   vobis  esse    /fiognitum^        /   V^^ 

been  doomed  «•  .  i*!-        ii«i>        -i  /•  j  /— » 

to  be  a  wan-  quomodo  in  pnmordio  hujus  labilis  vitae  nostn  proto-,  | 
plasti  parentis  natus  multatus  fiiit  a  Deo  pro  sola  fra- 
temi  sanguinis  efiusione,  et  sic  postea  longe  lateque 
per  climata  totius  cosmi  perplurimse  similes  miserise^ 
instigante  zabolatico  conatu^  perpetrates  sunt.  Iddrco 
pro  certo  reminiscamini  vos,  quicumque  litteras  has  per- 
legitis,  quod  ista  imago  Dei  est  in  poenitentise  loco  con- 


I  Wnlftige,  biflhop  of  Sherborne,  |       *  «  Ex  MS.  BibUothecs  Begis.'' 
992-1001.  1 


RELIQUI^  DUNSTANIAN^.  409 

stituta  pro  sui  interfectione  fratris,  filii   aut  avunculi,  a.d.  993- 

sive  fratruelis,  quam  provise  seu  improvise   aut  etiam  The  beNirer 

per    incuriam    perfidebat    suadente    hostili    versutia.  kinOTian.* 

Qua  de  re  vos  benignissime  precamur,  ut  pro  Dei  dilec- 

tione  sitis  illius  auxiliatores,  administrantes  ei  corporal^ 

indigentise  subsidium,  verum  etiam  quod  multo  melius^? him 

est,  spiritale,  ut  spiritus  illius  in  die  magni  judicii  Dei  spiritual 

servetur   inkesus,  cum    omnibus  electis   in   dextra  Dei  ^  *       j 

collocatis.  ^  ^''f^^-^,  .0  ''  . 

*]       2.  Domno  pap^  cunctisque  generalitei^^natris  ecclesi^  The  bearer 
filiolis  W.  Scfi*ebumensis  ecdesiafe.     Notum  fieri  vobis  penance  for 
cupimus  de  portitore  scVedulse  pr^sentis,  quia  diabolieo  kinsman. 
instinctu  avunculi  sui  ^mn  inter^erat ;  unde  a  no- 
bis p^nitenti^  fiructum    inquirentem,    in    hujus   vi^  c. 
peregrinatione  constituimus,  eorporalique  crudatui  da> 
mus  quo  spiritus  ejus  in  tremendi  examinis  die  salve- 
tur.     Yalete  cundi  fideles  vin^  Domini  cultores,  ipsius 
inopiam  benedictionum  vestrarum  copia  reficere  volen- 
tes  in  Christo. 

XXXIII.  Epistola  WuiiFRici  AD  Abbonem. 

(MS.  S.  Gall,  337.  f.  1.) 

WilMcus,  abbas  Augustinensis  monasterii/  dignissimo  ^^<^<^ 
abbatum  dodissimoque  abbati^  Aboni^  eetemse  prospen-  wuft-ic, 
tatis  salutem  in  Christo.     Quod  vestra,  O  obtime  vir,  s.  -^ustt** 
legatio  ad  nos  pervenit,  vestrse  benignitati  gratias  hu-^eLifioof 
militer  Deo  volente  persolverimus.    Istum  itaque  libel-  Abbo  to 
lum  pro  magnifid  viri  Sandi  Dunstani  amore,  quatinua 
ornate  in  metricse  artis  versus  transferatis,  nostra  exi- 
guitas  soUidter  prsecatur^  ut  vos  promisistis.     Ergo  pro 
multiplids  obstaculi  retardatione  quanta  deliberavimus 
vobis  intimare  breviter  pitaciolo  isto  nequimua 

Arbiter  sethereus  salvet  vos  tempore  cundo.     Valete. 

'  Wnlfiic  became  abbot  of  S.  Augnstmes,  A.D.  1000. 


410 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANL 


A  triple 
aoroetic 
addressed 
by  Abbo  to 
Punstan. 


XXXrV.  Tria  poemata  Abbonis  ad  Dunstanum.^ 

(MS.  Nero  £.  1.  fo.  14.) 

SUMHE  SACEB,  TE  SUMBEA  SALUS  TUEATUB  AMICIS, 


Virtutis 

Mundo 

Munificus 


Esse 

Septa 

Ad 

Cui 

Exul 

Bauca 

Turn 

Et 

Suavior 

Unde 

Mira 

Munere 

Anglica 


verse       speculo       sTTb  camis 

falgente         qui         ICagnuB       culmine 
pastor,  holCnum    spes,     ara 

es       plEnus        pietatU 
servanS      divini      totus 


videris        et 
gregis 


qaem  lativii 

solito         largus 
in       orbe       alio 

Bubit,         qcue 
devota        saero 
laudando 
auspiciis 
tibi        recinens, 
refert         quod 
donasti 
cui        tandem 


amictUy 
moruH, 
reoruMi 
ubiquE, 
oviliS, 
aurA, 
doneO 


pelAgi      pia     protulit 

feOistis     tot      bona, 

crEvit    sua    Yocula    sed     mE 

claBa    diu,    nee    noxia   nupeB 

conTu     quern     spero    resumeT, 

canEt     omni     nectarea    musiB 

iStic  devincta        suetiS, 

qUi       vivis      nobilis*     ortU^ 

priMus     earn    dignatus    eodeM 

donuM       reputando       supemuMy 

cAatat     sic     voce     TAf.inA^ 


SUMME  SACEB,  TE  SUMMA  SALUS  TUEATUB  AMICI8. 


Angelicam 

Lacteolus 

Vir 

Solus 

Te 

Unde 

Exigeres 

Argivmn 


qui        fers 
Yultu, 
patriae         carus, 
Odo  pius 

pater  ante 

tibi  supplex 

traotai-e 
vatem        qui 


£A.cieni      de     luce    supemA 
polLens     ex     ordine     pnesuLi 

seU       civibus      utilis       actU, 
cenSor       qui     jure      sacerdoS 

fuiTy  sat  nos  amplexus  amaviT, 

deVovi      scribere     quod      tU 
senEx        secretus        in    urbB 

grAmmata      pandit      AchivA, 


Tarn      sapiens      ut    te    cum    Te      plus      scire     timereT, 
Verum        semotus       habitu,      Velut         angelicus        astUi 
Bestat         te         dignus         sacBo     omnes    agnitus    ardoB^ 
Ante        quidem        juvenes        Audax     deponere        verbA, 
Mitia        dans        septem         deMum      discrimina      vocuH 
In        verbis        quse        pertimul      tibi      scribere       patrl, 
Cui        genus       et      species      Curse      felicior      ex      hoC 
Ima      tibi      mea      musa      canit,     quod      protulit      audL 
SUMHA  SAOEBy  TE  SUMMA  SALUS  TUEATUB  AMICUS. 


^  A  cttrioofi  Bpecimen  of  misdi- 
rected ingenoity.  A  similar  puzzle 
addressed  by  Abbo  to  the  emperor 


Otto  III.  will  be  found  in  Fabri- 
ciusy  Bibl.  Lat.  voL  iiL  lib.  iv.  o.  1. 


I 


RELIQUIiE  DUNSTANIANJE.  411 


II.1 0    pr»sul    Dunstane    prObus.    Bine    fine     valetOy       a  Cu^weu 
Bunculifl      conctisque     Beis     tua     vita    videtuS       in  triple 
Omnia     esae      boni     renOvatus,      more      aqnilinO. 
Sciris    enim     demens     Sortito       munia       curanS, 
Et     gratis     pan  dens    crEdenda      salubria       verE. 
Recta    doces    et    recta    Bogas»      innoxie      doctoB, 
Efficiendo       quod       ipsE  mones,  ne  voce  monerE 
Non      fecisse      veils      taNtum   devotus  in   agmeN,  ^ 

ExtoUar      tandem       juvEnis,    qui    si    tua    diguE, 
Bumme       patrone,      meiS  ascripsi   vota  CamoenlS 
Ad  coelum   rursum    venlAm,    quo    sistitur    amplA. 
Conditione        salus,      neC       sese      jactltat      illlC 
Efiera       vis      quaecunquE    mall,  cum   desiit  indE 
Babbulus     ad     veteris    BixsB        dlvortla        UbeB, 
Mordicus     unde     furlt    Matri     Sion     ira    suoruH ; 
En   te  corde    sequar    quEm   qui  seceatur   in   axE 
Major     erit     plenus     cuMulo      virtutis       avoruM. 
0    prffisul    Dunstane     prObus,    sine      fine    valetO, 
Bumpe  moras,  ne  sis  duBus,  cui    ludo    parumpeB 
Inque    tuis    tutatls    primi   hie  jam    carmina  noli 
Stertere,  sed  pnesens  de  3  odse       vortior       aureS, 
Memet  enim  satis   ore    Moves,    ut     talla    dicteH, 
Et    IflBtator    quod    adessE     piis     addlcls     opimE, 
Mirus    ubique    cavena    Mores    ac    facta    reoruM 
Obsistendo    rudi,    ne    mOx     male    crescat    avitO. 
Bex    regum     tali    proceBum   dans  gaudla   nupeB 
Ob    sua    gesta    sibi    decOret    de    vertice    mundO. 
Totus  enim    candes,   te   Tandem     parcius     urgeT 
Ira,  furor,  quia    sis  agills    sub      corpore       lenl, 
Vir    fervens    anlmis,     pUro        ferventlor        aestU; 
Bum  dare  verba   pater    Senio       fellclor        ausuS, 
Ecce  tibl    tuus    Abbo    pEtlt,    ne     desplce     ferrE, 
Bi    qusBris    laudum    cauSas    quia    fabar     iniquuS 
Turpia,    tu    carmen    nosTrum,  mi,  suscipe,   sicuT 
0    prassul    Dunstane    prObus,     sine     fine    valetO. 


1  This  poem  like  the  preceding  containfi  much  uninteUigible  stuff ;  but 
it  is  characteristic  of  the  age. 


412 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANL 


Abboasks 
Dunstan's 
pTAyers. 


III.  Illustris  merito  viitutum  sancte  sacerdos, 
Confessorque  Dei  pulchenima  gemma  salutis, 
O  Dunstane  tuis  predbus  per  ssecula  servis 
Assis  in  aiixilium  regnum  poscendo  polorum. 


AD.  cir. 
lliO. 

Eadmerto 
the  monks 
of  GlMton- 
bury. 


He  retains 
a  viTid  re- 
collection of 
tbeir  hos* 
pitality,  and 
isthereforo 

gilousof 
eir 
honour. 


XXXV.  Epistola  Eadmeri  ad  Glastonienses. 

Quale  ait  quod  OlastormvMS  asaerunt  se  corpus  beati 
Dv/netg^ni  habere. 

(MS.  C.CC.  871,  fa  10.)» 

Olorioso   conventui  monachonim  coenobii  Glastonien-' 
sis,  frater  Ekimerus  unus  ex  minoribus  bonitate  et  sci- 
entia  ecclesiae  Christi  Cantuariensis    filiis    et   fratribus, 
fidelem  amicitiam   et   caritativum  servitium  in  Christo 
Jesu  Domino  nostro. 

Recordor  me  jam  olim  quadam  vice  ad  vos  venien- 
tem  magno  gaudio  et  honore  susceptum,  et  cum  majori 
tripudio  et  exultatione,  donee  mihi  velle  fiiit,  vobiscum 
morandi,  Habitum  ac  detentum.  Unde  vobis  hucusque 
gratiosus  exsisto,  nee  minus  gratiosus  ero  dimi  in  vita 
prsesenti  subsisto.  Dum  igitur  talis  sim  et  jure'  esse 
debeam  erga  vos,  nulli  mirandum  existimo,  si  vestrum 
honorem  diligo,  si  ea  quse  vobis  conducunt  approbo,  si 
denique  ea  quae  vobis  opprobrium  generant  detestor  et 
improbo.  Nee  enim  aliter  fidus  amicus  essem,  nee  fra- 
tem^e  dilectioms  legem  servare  dici  veraciter  possem.. 
Quod  quam  grave  videri  debeat  Christiano  ad  Dei  reg- 
num  pervenire   volenti,   advertit    qui    beato    apostolo 


^  Printed  in  the  Anglia  Sacni,  ii. 
2S^aa6.  A  copy  of  this  letter 
exists  in  the  Lambeth  MS.  159  (L.), 
fo.  31,  with  the  title  '*  Epistola  ad 
^  Qlastoniensefl  Elmeri  aliter  Ed- 


'*  men,  quo  tempore  Glastonienses 
<*  asserunt  se  corpus  padroni  nostri 
**  Sancti  Donstani  habere." 
'  jurt]  de  jure,  L. 


RELIQXniB  DUNSTANIAN^.  413 

credit   dicenti    onmem  ^   non    amantem   fratrem    suum  a.d.  cir. 
homicidam  esse,  et   ejusmodi   in   regno  Christi   et  Dei  The'duty 
heereditatem   non   habere.     Cur  hsBC  praelibaverim    ac- 
cipite. 

Quidam   ex    vestris   noviter,  ut   putamus,  inter   vosSonwofthe 
conversi,  prsedicant  antiquos  patres  vestros  fores  foisse  £e£d 
et  latrones,  et  quod  nequius  est,  etiam  sacrilegos :  idque  ^orefcjhg,^ 
illorum  prsedicandi  laudi  ascribunt  quod  tales   foerunt,  »nd  traitors, 
fortassis*  eadem   voluntate   debriati,  non   perpendentes 
quod  divina  intonat  pagina :  "  Fures  sciUcet  et  latrones 
1  Cor.  vi.  10.  "  regnum  Dei  non  possessuros."     Super  hsec  ut  jBrmius 
eis  credatiur  ita  esse,  Judse  traditori    eos   similes  foisse 
affirmant,  qui  loculorum  Domini  custos  ea   quse   eusto- 
dire  debebat '  sceleratissime  forabatur.     O  homines !  O 
fratinim  honoratores !  O  verborum  Domini  intentissimos 
auditores  !     Centiun  et  eo  amplius  anni  evoluti  sunt  ex  Those  men 
quo  ipsi,  quos  fores  et  latrones  prsedicant,  a  vita  prse-  dredyetw 
senti  sunt  elongati :  et  modo  noviter  tantimi  iis  oppro- 
brium invehitur,  ut*  eetema  poena,  qua  juxta   senten- 
tiam    istorum    miserrime    crudantur,    infelicissime    illis 
innovatur.     Yere   magna   impietas !      Nam  et  si    ipsi 
non  foerunt   tales   quales  isti  eos  esse  volunty  non   est 
propter  hoc  horum  impietas  minor,  immo,  remoto  onmi 
ambiguo,  major,  qui  infamant  innocentes,  qui  se  omni- 
bus manifestant  esse  mendaces  ac  impudentes.     Testis 
enim  mihi  est  omnia  sciens  et  disponens  Veritas  Deus,  ^en  the 
quia  cum  adhuc  in  scholis  puerulus  essem,  ex  prsecepto  Jiw^oojb^^ 
beatse   memoriae  Lanfiranci  archiepiscopi,  primatis  vide- the  eiei^ 
licet  totius  Britannise,  indicto  jejunio  toti  populo  Can-g^*t«n'8 
tiae,  levatum  est  corpus  beatissimi  patris^  Dunstani  a 
primo   sepulturse   suae  loco,  astante  abbate  Sancti  Au- 
gustini    Scodlando,®.  et   Oundulfo   post   £ax$to   Bhofensi 
episcopo,  cum  toto  monachorum  agmine  utriusque   ec- 


1  omnem]  hominem,  L. 
'  fortOMiM}  et,  ins.  L. 
'  debebat]  debeat,  L. 


*  uQ  et,  L. 

^  patns]  onuLi 

*  Scodlando^  Sootlaodo,  L. 


414 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


A.D.dr.      clesids,  nostrae  scilicet  quad  est  Christi  Cantuariensis,  et 

1190 

A  great       vicinae  nobis  beatorum  apostolorum  Petri  et  Pauli,  qufiB 

was  pre^nt.  usitatiore  ^  nomine  hoc  tempore  dicitur  beati  Augustini : 

confluente  ad  hoc  innumera  virorum  ac  mulierum  mul- 

titudine,  qui   omnes  ipsum*    coelestem  thesaurum  cum 

ingenti   modulamine  vocis    ac  jubilo   cordis   usque   ad 

locum    quo  recondendus   erat   prosecuti   sunt,  et   diem 

ilium  divinis  miraculis   illustratum  laetum  atque  solen- 

Now  after    ucm   peregeiunt.      Nunc  autem    effluxis    quinquaginta 

itiBsu^thatannis'  ex  quo  illud  factum  est,  quidam  ex  vestris,   si 

hiSbeen     tameu  cx  vestris,*  surrexerunt,  et  ubi   eis  libet  praedi- 

hundred      cant  jam  ante  centum  annos  ecdesiae  vestrae  monachos 

custodes  ecclesiae  nostrae  deputatos,  quae   ob  martyriimi 

gloriosi  patris  nostri  iElfegi  in  magnam  ut  aiunt  deso- 

lationem  venerat,  et  ibi  quod  pretiosissimum  habebatur 

fraudulenta  calliditate  furto  surripuisse.      Yae  homines 

omnibus  hominibus  nequiores  !     Ecclesia   totius  Britan- 

niae   insulae    mater   in   ocdsione  sui  patris  ac  filiorum 

afflicta  confugit  ad  filiam  suam  unice   ab   ea   dilectam, 

itumcroii-et  ca '  TC,  quod  quasi  factum  sit  ad  praesens  accipiatur, 

ai^  h     ^^^^^^^^^&^  ^  protectione  illius  confisa,  ut  se  et  reliquias  suas 

AOTid  have  scrvaret ;  et  ipsa^  sicut  vos  praedicatis,  meliores  filiorum 

thechuTOh    suorum  ei  ad  quod  petebantur  destinavit;    et  ipsi  illic 

>)ui7.  custodes    sacrorum   effecti,    uterum   matris    suae   quam 

tuendam   susceperant,   invaserunt,    diripuerunt^   cor   ac 

intestina   ipsius   depraedati   sunt,  rapuerunt,  asportave- 

runt.    Judaei  cum  mortuum  Dominum  ac  sepultum,  ne  ab 

apostolis  auferretur,  in  sui  custodiam  accepissent,  quam- 

diu  potuerunt  a  custodiendo  non  defecerunt;®  nee  sibi 

commendatiun  An*to  surripere   aut  alias  auferre  conati 

sunt,  sed  potius  furti  crimen  aJiis  se  dormientibus  im- 


^  usitatiore]  nntatorio,  L. 

'  ipguwi]  ilium,  L. 

*  The  translation  of  the  relics 
took  place  soon  after  Lanftranc's 
appointment  to  the  see  in    1070. 


See  Eadmer's  own  account  of  the 
matter  ahoye,  p.  232. 

^  er  .  .  .  vestris']  tamen  ex  tcb- 
tris,  L. 

'  ea]  ipsa,  L. 

'  defeeentnt]  deftiemnt,  L. 


RELIQUI^  DUNSTANIANiE.  415 

posuerunt.     Si  simili  modo  custodes  Glastonienses  fecis-  a.d.  dr. 

•     1120 

sent,   hoc   est,  si   sacrilegium   quod   laudantur   commi-  jt  is  quite 
sisse,  ab  aliis  se  somno   depressis,  dicerent   commissum '"*^     ^*®* 
fuisse,  forte  aliquantulum  fainse   suse  consuluissent,  nee 
tarn  detestabili  modo   deliquissent.     Nunc  autem   quid 
dicemus  ?  ut  prselibavimus,  Judae   similes  eos   in   furto 
approbamus,  non  tamen   nos   sed  eos  sequentes  fratres 
sui  Glastonienses.     Nos  enim  revera  scimus  eos  omnino 
immunes   esse   ab  hoc  peccato.     Quid  igitiir '  illis  erit 
qui    conficto    tam    infrunito    mendacio    fratres,*  immo 
patres,  suos  criminantur  ?     Sed  utique  nee  fiutres  nee  ghmmo 
patres.     Nam    si    fratres    aut    eorum   filii   essent  ipsi,  prevoit' 
naturalis   affectus,'  aut   certe  pudor  humanus,  doceret  puuSshSn^ 
eos  parcere  linguae  suae,*  doceret   eos  providere  famaB^^^*'***'^* 
suae.     Sed  esto  ut  frirtum  suum  sancti  fratres  Glasto- 
nienses prudent;  astutia  cunctis  absconderent,  cadaver 
cujusdam.  abbatis    sui,  cujus    nomen   ab   iis   qui  ista 
componunt  ignoratur,  secum  tulisse  feruntur,  ac  loculo 
sancti  patris^  Dunstani,  ne  vacuus  remaneret,  reposu- 
isse.     O  prudentiae  !    Non  erant  ossa  mortuorum  inter  But  it  is 
Cantuariam   et  Glastoniam,   ut    necesse   eis  frierit,   ad  ^ 
celandum  frirtum  suimi,  cadaver  nesciimt  cujus  per  du- 
centa,  ut  ita  dixerim,  milliaria  transtulisse.      Noverit  Englishmen 

^,..1  1  •  •    \^  .1  oonld  not 

beatitudo  vestra,  qma  ego  qm  naec  scnbo  non  parum  have  been 
oonfrmdar  in  tam  evidenti  stultitia,  et  bmni  homini 
risu  digna,  maxime  quod  ab  Anglis  dicitur  esse  con- 
ficta.  Vae!  quare  non  consuluistis  aliquem  hominem 
transmarinmn,  qui  in  multis  conversati,  multis  imbuti, 
multa  confingere  sciimt,  et  vel  pretio  ageretis  quasi 
ipsi  saltem  vobis  aliquid  verisimile  mendadum  de  tanta 
re  componerent.  Yae  vos !  meae  gentis  homines,  tam 
stoUda  simplicitate  notaremini,  ut  omnibus  deridendi 
in  perpetuum  judicaremini. 


1  igitur']  om.  L. 
^  fratres]  soos,  ins.  L. 
*  nahiraUa   affectus  ]     natorales 
effccti,  L. 


*  suai]  om.  L. 

*  pcUrU]  nostri,  ins.  L. 


416  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 

A.D.cir.  Ad   hsec  rogo    prsedicatores   tam   praBclari   sacrilegii 

How  could  quatenus  mihi  compatriotse  ^  suo  dicant,  utrunmam  ca- 
^^{SS^own  daver  sui  suppositi  abbatis  noviter  defimcti  et  integrum 
been^ubsti-  a  Glastonia  Cantuariam  detulerunt  ?  et  ^  utrum  more 
ihiiistan's?  summi  pontificis  infulatum,  palliatum,  spindulatum,  et 
sandaliis  fuerit  calciatum,  necne  ?  Quod  si  hsec  om- 
nia habuit,'  unde  quaeso  pallium,  ut  de  aliis  interim 
Did  abbots  taceam,  habuit  ?  Numquid  antiquitus  abbates  Glasto- 
pall?  nienses  pallio  utebantur  ?     Sed   hoe   patriarchis  solum, 

primatibus  et  archiepiscopis  a  Roma  et  apostolica  sede 
conceditur.  Sed  hactenus  sseculo  omni  inauditum  est 
patriarcbatum  Glastoniae  fuisse,  vel  etiam  pontificatum. 
Si  ^  igitur  palliatum  cadaver  ad  deceptionem  futurorum 
antecessores  vestri  Cantuarise  detulerunt,  hoc  eflTecerunt 
ut  ipsi  Romano  pontifici  et  onmi  Christiano  homini 
qui  se  ad  fidem  Christi  sub  magisterio  beati  Petri 
tenet,^  obnoxii  sint  et  infiames  ac  omni  opprobrio  digni 
judicandi.  Scitur  enim  quia  illud  a  sede  apostolica 
non  habuerunt ;  sed  ipsi  illud,  malignitatis  illos  auctore 
docente,  vel*  composuerunt  vel  componi,  si  ita  ftiit,  a 
The  body     sui  siuulibus  effeceruut.     Re  etenim  ^  vera  corpus  quod 

soon  at  the     .  •  •ii*«j^*  ±_  •I'x  •  •         • 

transia-       mvemmus   ita  fuit  mventum  scilicet  quasi  omnmo  m- 

fiiiiyha-      tegrum,  infulatum,  annulatum,  palliatum,  spindulatum, 

sandaliis    venustissime    adomatum ;    cum  quo  et  scrip- 

tura  in  plumbea  tabula  exarata  inventa  est,  quae  plane 

testabatur   beati  Dunstani   archiepiscopi   Cantuariorum 

Bat  have     corpus  cssc  quod  tumulatum  ibi  jacebat.     Habetis  quasso 

^tin^to  aliqua  litterarum  monimenta,  quae  haec  itase  habuisse 

toe^plaJn^*^  probcut  ?  videlicet  quae  ferant  cadaver  abbatis  illius  eo 

quo  diximus  modo  redimitum.     Adhuc  quaero ;  illi  an- 

tiqui  patres  et  fratres  vestri,  qui  ad  tuendas  destitutae 

ecclesiae   nostrae   reliquias,  ut   dicitis,  addueti   fuerunt,^ 

attuleruntne  secum  cadaver  illud  beato  Dunstano  sup- 


^  compatriota']  patriotec,  L. 

*  el]  at,  L. 

*  habuit]  habaerit,L. 
<  Si]  Sed,  L. 


'  tenet]  tenent,  L. 

•  re/]  om.  L. 

7  etenim]  enim,  L. 

•  /uenmt]  annt,  L. 


RELIQtJLfi  DtJNSTANIANJE.  417 

ponendum,  utpote   de   futuri  ^  furti  sui  effectu  securi  ?    ^•^^'- 
An   ipsi   primo   venerimt   et   effoBSum   corpus  patris 'Did they 
Olastoniam  detulerunt,  ibique  msiimibus  '  pontificalibus  Saltan  to 

1..  11.  .  •I  •••1  I**    viastonDuiy 

spoiiatuniy  abbatem  vestrum  eisdem  insignibus   redimi-  and  then 
turn  in  sepulcro  sublati  patris  recondendum  transtule-  abbot  to 
runt  ?     Quicquid  horum  dixeritis  fekctum  fuisse,  quantae ^  bury? 
dementue  sit  vobis  credere,  fitftilliTnuni  est  cuivis  etiam 
C8dC0  videre.     O  infelices,  qui    sic   immani^  stoliditate 
involuti  sunt,  ut*  intelligere  nequeant  ipsam  stolidita- 
tem  suam  nullius  prudentis  oculos  posse  latere.     Chris- 
tus,  Qui  est  Veritas,  dicit,  "  Veritas  liberabit  vos."    Et 
vestri  vates  hoc  tempore  dicunt,  furtum  et  sacrilegium 
patrum  nostrorum  et  nostrum  ^  mendacium  honorabunt 
ecclesiam  nostram  et  nos.     Quod  mendacium!    Corpus,  ituafkise- 
inquiunt,  beati  Dunstani  pontifids  Cantuariorum  et  pri- 
matis   totius    Britannise   a  sua   ecdeida  patres  nostri^ 
fiutim  abstulerunt,  et  nostrum '  abbatem  tali  sacril^o 
emptum,  quia  nobis  '^  inutilis  erat,  illuc  delatum  sepul- 
cro Ulius  intulerunt.     O  gaudium  !  O  luctiun  !  O  locum 
vestrum   tali,    tanto,   foenore   magnificandum  I    Sed   O 
contrarii  purse  veritati,  quid  feudetis,  oro  vos,  cum  ipsa 
Veritas  venerit  perditura  omnes  qui  loquimtur  menda- 
cium?    Et  quidem  omnibus  luce  darius  constat  men- TheGiaston- 

i*  •  1*1  !••  11    ••    buiymonkM 

dacium  vos  unponere  patnbus  vestris,  quia  nec-^^  mvi-  were  not 
tati  Cantuariam  secnm  cadaver  sui  abbatis  detulerunt ;  cauterbmy. 
nee  ibi  degentes  asportato  corpore  beati  Dunstani  illud  brin«  their 
attulerunt.     Illud  enim  nimise  et  incredibilis,  non  dieo 
stultitisB,  sed  dementise   esset.     Hoc  autem  impossibilis 
perpetrandse  audadae  effectus  existeret     Cum  enim  ipse 
beatus  sepulcrum  sibi  effodi,  ut  liber  vitae  ejus  veracis- 


1  de/utun]  om.  L.  |       '  nostrorum  et  iioffmiii]  yestrorum 

*  patris']   beati  Donstani  archi-  |  et  Testmm,  L. 
epiaoopi  Cantnariensia  ad,  L.  '      *  nostri']  vestri,  L. 


'  msignibus]  inaigniia,  L. 
*  quanta"]  quantum,  L. 
^  immani]  inani,  L. 
«  ut]  et,  L. 


*  nostrum]  y«8trum,  L. 
^  nobis]  Yobis,  L. 
^'  nee]  om.  L. 

D  D 


418  VITA  SANCri  DUNSTANI. 

A.D.(ii\    sime  testatur,  prsecepit,  et   infira   terrain    ad    staturam 

Canterbury  virilis  corporis  fovesB  profdnditas  penetraverit,  qui  quaeso 

depopulated,  tam  immani  ^  fiirto  locus  et  opportunitas  esse   potuit  ? 

requires?'^  cum  et  ecclesia  ipsa  nunquam  sine  monachis  domesticis 

filiia  suis  fuerit,  et  civitas    Cantuaria   civibus  suis  ne- 

quaquam    fiierit    exinanita.      Ad    hsec    considerandum 

quod'   ecclesia   ipsa   in  passione    beatissimi  martyris' 

nee   igne    consumpta,  nee   tecto    aut  parietibus  diruta 

Theehuroh  fuit     Yiolatam    quippe   fuisse    et    pluribus  omamentis 

was  QC-  1*1  •ii/»»*  1  1 

spoiled  but  spoliatam^  ac  supposito  de  fons  igne   ut  concremaretur 

not  burned,       ,  .  i»/»  •    i 

when  Eifege  adorsam,  novimus,  quo  vesana  manus  pontmcem   intus 

was  killed.  .  .  \  .  j        x  •  n 

sese  tuentem  quem  mvadens  mandaret  exire  compelle- 
ret.  At  ubi  ipsum  exeuntem  comprehenderunt,  omissis 
ignibus  et  aliis  malis  quibus  ad  captionem  illius  occu- 
pabantur^  ipsum^  necatis  aliquibus  monachis  in  oculis 
ejus^  abduxerunt,  et  usque  ad  locum  exitio  illius  desti- 
natum  multis  afflictum  injuriis  et  cruciatibus  perduxe- 
uow  could   runt  et  peremerunt.     Quae  cum  ita  sint.  qua  fronte  did 

the  body  be  •  .  . 

taken  up      potest  pavimeutum  ecdesise,  sub  oculis  omnium  ^  spatio 

unseen  r  and 

the  grave  scptcm  pedum  hiuc  inde  ad  sepulcri  profunditatem  ten- 
a  fortnight?  dcuti  cffossum ;  alitcr  enim  nullo  modo  attingi  valeret ; 
et  ita^  abstracto  corpore  sanctissimi  patris  Dunstani^  per 
quindecim  ut  dicam  dies  patens  remansisse,  donee  monar- 
chis  cum  furto  euntibus  ^  ad  monasterium  suum,  et  ibi 
non  dico  peremptum  ab  eis  sed  in  occursu*  illorum 
statim  mortuum  abbatem  suiun^  detractis^  beato  Dun- 
stano  pontificalibus  omamentis^  ilium  adomasse^  et  ita 
cursim  forte  ^  asello  aliquo  Cantuariam  delatum  in 
sepulcro  ejus  collocasse  ?  Adhuc  interrogo.  Vastata 
fuit  tota'  terra  inter  Glastoniam  et  Cantuariam  illis 
diebus,  et  in  solitudinem  ^^  acta  ?  ut  liber  cursus  ac  re- 
cursus   nullo    obstante    deferentibus  tantum  thesaurum 


1  immam]  inani,  L. 

3  quod^  qma,L. 

>  mar^ris']  Elphegi,  ins.  L. 

*  omnttcm]  omni,  L. 

'  emUihu$'i  sabeuntibafl,  L. 


'  occursu]  ouisa,  L. 
7  deiractis]  a,  iiui.  L. 

*  forte']  fbrtasseyL. 

*  tota]  om.  L. 

1^  soUtudinem]  solitadiiie,  L. 


R£LIQUL£  DUNSTANIANJS.  419 

quaquaversum  pateret,   annon  ?    Yerum  utique  ubique    a  J),  dr. 
quando  ista,  ut  astruitis,  gerebantur,  Danorum  scatebat '  How  oouid 

.  .,  -I  -L   11         .thoae  monks 

umnamtas ;  nusquam  pax,  nusquam  secuntas ;   bella  et  have  tn- 
seditioiies  quaque^  fervebant.     Super  hsec^  quemadmo- noticed  from 
dum  certissime  scitur,  in  medio  chori  ante  gradus,  qui-  to  oiaBton- 
bus   ad   majus   altare  ascendebatur^  corpus  beati  Dun-bl^. 
stani  humatum  fuit,  in  plumbeo  loculo,  et  illo  in  magna 
profunditate    terrsB   locato,  uti  Anglis    olim  moris  erat 
suorum    cadavera   tumulare.     Qualiter   igitur   monachinowoouid 
ecclesise,  qui  ad  minus,  juxta  quod  dominus  Osbemus  '  or  omter- 

"II*  !•••  ^wuT  have 

refert,  quatuor  tantee  dadi  supererant,  cum  dencis  qm  overlooked 

J     .    ..    T%  •  'x'  •       •  1     •         J     •    •  X        the  opened 

eis  admixti  Dei  servitium  m  ipsa  ecclesia  administra- grave, 
bant,  ipsum  terrse  hiatum  per  tot  dies  sustinuerunt, 
donee  allato  abbate  innominabili  in  sepulero  sublati 
Dunstani  collocaretur  ?  Mira  patientia  et  vere  mira- 
bilior  pro  adventu  venturi  abbatis  Wlsini  *  fortasse  vo- 
cati  exspectatio ! 

Propter  Deum^  obsecro,  est®  aliquis   qui  ad  tantam  The  story  is 
vanitatem   se  a  risu    contineat  ?     Et  certe  adhuc  satis  di^aoeftii. 
plura  non  minus  idonea  ad  designandam  ipsius  vanita- 
tis  ineptiam    dicere   possemus,  si    pudori  sacri  coenobii 
vestri  non   parceremus.     Quod   enim   tales    qid  ita  se 
in£Bimant,  fovet,  nutrit,  amplectitur,  pudor   est   illi   et 
opprobrium  magnum.     Nee  enim  Glastonienses  ea  tem- 
pestate  qua  fingunt  Cantuariam  venerunt  nee  ibi  con- 
versati   sunt.      Non   igitur   illis   surripientibus   corpus  such  things 
beati  Dunstani   nobis   ablatum    et  vobis  uUatenus  fuithar^hap^ 
allatum.     Sed  ab  aliis  aut  alio  tempore  allatum  negatis,  ^laner^^ 
Fatemini  ergo  necesse  est  vates  vestros  falsa  locutos,  et  ^tas  that 
de  oorpore  beati  Dunstani  vos  quicquam  habere  omni-  phets^have 
modis  falsos  esse.     Quapropter  oonsulite  fiEunse  vestrse, 
et  ab    ista  vanitate  os  vestrum    oohibete.     Attamen 
Veritas  vobis,  si  obliti  estb,  in  memoriam  revocetur. 


^  9eaidf(U]  palebat,  L. 
*  qvaque]  iisqiieqiuiqae,  L. 
s  Osbtrnus]  Vita  S.  Elfegi,  Ang. 
Sac.  ii.  186. 


«  Wltim]  Ddsini  vel  Wlsini,  L. 
*  Detm]  quod,  Domini  mei,  L. 
"  cf  0  ettne,  L. 

D  D  2 


420 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


AD^ir-  Absque  dubio  scitote  iEgebiothum  abbatem,  immo 
Abbot  iurei-  exabbatem,^  Olastoniensem,  cum  uno  vel  duobus  mo- 
loubun-,  nachis  olim  per  plurimmn  tempons  conversatum  Can- 
deposition,  tuailse.  Exabbatem  dico.  quia  per  beatae  memorise 
timeatcan- Lanfrancum.    sanctse   Cantuanensis    ecclesise    summum 

terbury,  , 

^thflomeof  sacerdotem,  m   ^nerali   totius   An^flise   eynodo   a  sua 

his  monks.  ,®  ®  •' 

^^the      abl^tia*   depositus,  et  Cantuarise,  digna  quidem  tanto 

^*^y^         viro,  in  quadam  tamen  quasi  captione  positus.     Et  tunc 

numerus  monachorum   inibi   Domino  Christo   et  beato 

Dunstano  famulantium  sexagenariam  quantitatem  ascen- 

derat.     Si  igitur  unquam  monachi  Olastonienses  corpus 

beati  Dunstani  fiirati   sunt,  sestimo   quod  isti  fuerunt. 

^[orit     Sed  cum  isti  Oantuariae  essent,  a  primo  sepultursB  susd 

^^^l^l  .,  loco,  ut  praediximus,  jam  fiierat   translatum  in  locum 

moved  to  its  '  ^  '  •* 

shrine'to     ^^^  ®^^  acccssus  nuUus  patcbat.     Non  ergo  ab  eis  fuit 

Sdlw  ***^^  ablatimi :   nee   ergo   ab   ullo   vestrorum.     Ossa   itaque 

acoeAs.        quibus  oucrastis  imaginem  nostri  Bedemptoris,  ne  Ipse 

vobis  indignetur,  nostro  consilio  auferetis.     Satis  enim 

habet  in  Se  unde  honoretur,  nee  opus  est  ut  sanctitas 

Ei  aut  ex  ossibus  mortuorum   aut   aliimde  cumuletur. 

Fratres  mei,  cogitet  quaeso  et  recogitet  prudentia  vestra, 

quod  honestum  sit  vobis  cogitare,  quod  conveniat  loqui^ 

A  century    quod  dcceat  agere.     Centum   anni   et  ultra  transierunt 

ainceE?-      a  martyrio  beati  i£lfegi,  et  nullus  hominum  qui  inter- 

an^iio.one  fuerit  vitsB  prsBscnti   superest,  vel  certe   qui  se  memi- 

peredthifl    ncrit  intcrfuisse ;   nee   ad    nostram   notitiam  hucusque 

Ktor>- until  -i    .  is.  •!  "ii  •    •ii»      j«   i_ 

perlatum  fuit  quemquam  illorum,  qui  illis  diebus  vere 
fuerunt,  inde  de  quo  agitis  aliquid  dixisse  vel  scrip- 
sisse,  quod  cuivis  sanum  sapienti  pro  dicto  vel  scripto 
suscipiendum  videatur.  Quapropter  omissis  puerilibus 
nseniis,  ut  decet  viros  sapientes  atque  perfectos,  dili- 
gite  beatum  Dunstanum  sicut  patrem  vestrum  atque 
patronum,  et  veritatem  de  eo  loquimini ;  et  tunc  revera 
diligi   ab   eo   merebimini.     Membrum    et    amicus    est 


now. 


>  exabhaUm]  et  abbatem,  L. 
*  abhatia']  faerat,  ins.  L.     Tlie 
deposition  of  Agelnoth  is  placed  in 


the  eighth  year  of  Lanfraoe.    See 
Chr.  Sax.  1070. 


RELIQULE  DUNSTANIAN^.  421 

Summse  Yeritatis,  nee  ab  Ipsa  discordantes  potest  ad-    a.]),  dr. 
mittere  in  sinum   susd   caritatis.     Novit  Deus  et  ipse  pny  give 
pater   et   advocatus  noster  duldssimus,  quia  quse  dico  story,  and 
pro  vestro  honore  et  utilitate  dico :  nee  in  aliud  tendit  favour  of 
hsec  intentio  mea,  nisi  ut  Deus  Qui  Veritas  est,  et  in 
beato  Dunstano,^  sieut  aequum  est,  magnifieetur,  laude- 
tur  et  prsedieetur,   tarn  a  vobis   quam  a  nobis,  et  si 
effieere   possem,   ab  universis   fidelibus   totius    eonditi 
orbis.     Sdo  quia  modum  epistolarem  in  loquendo  pau- 
lisper  exeessi.     Sed  talis  fuit  materia,  ut  quamvis  me 
proposuerim  paueis  loeuturum,  tamen  se  extenderit  in 
id  quod  videtis   extensum    eloquium   meum.     Ne  ergo 
miremini.     Non  est  enim  hominis  via  Ejus. 

Vos  itaque  domini  et  fratres  mei,  quibus  Deus  ape- 
ruit  sensum  intelligendi  quae  rationis  sunt,  eompesdte 
insipientium  juvenum  proeaeem  insolentiam,  qui  eo  so- 
lum ut  videantur  seire  loqui  aperiunt  ora  sua,  in  quse- 
cumque  volubilitas  eordis  sui  eos  distenderit,  autuman- 
tes  se  aliquid  esse  eum  aliorum  simplicitas  suis  verbis 
accommodat  aures.  Novi  quosdam  olim  tales  et  meEadmer 
fortasse  fiiisse,  et   ea  re   non  penitus  diffido  talium  etbeenjoung 

•      ..«■,.  m  ,  r^    t     •  •  and  fooliah. 

mei  similes  aliquos  hoe  tempore  esse,     oed  jam   senui  Tiuwefooi- 

..  -ill  ••  •  i-i         ^*"  nory- 

et  meanm,   et   multa   quae  juvenis   magni    pendebam  teUera  win 
dueo  pro  nihilo.    Hoe   erit  Deo  donante  et  juvenibus  dom. 
temporis  hujus.' 

Quia   vero   prolixitas    epistolse   finem    postulat,   hoeAikthe 

,.r  J.  .  •  .•       •         J.  X  •   monks  who 

ultimum  dieo,  quomam,  si  omnes  antiqui  patres  vestn,  weroat 
qui  in  eoenobio  OlastonienGd    lam   ante   eentum  annos  before  the  * 

,  Norman 

fuerunt,  defuncti  sunt,  aliquos  tamen  puto  superesse  qui  ^J<i^^ 
ante  ista  Normannorum  tempora  inibi   nutriti   in  mo-  survive. 
naehica  religione  fuerunt.     Quserite  ab  eis,  si  qui  sunt, 
utrum  reeordentur  abbatem   loei  vestri   singulis  annis 
ad  festivitatem  patris  Dunstani,  cum  quatuor  aut  plu- 
ribus  monaehis,  Cantuariam  solitum  venire,  et  ibi   per 


^  beato  Dunetane]  beatam  Dan-  |      '  hujus]  h^jusmodi,  L. 
itannmyL. 


422 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


AJ>.cir.    sex  aut  plures  dies  inter  fratres    ob  reverentiam  ianti 

1190 

Thi^must   P&tris  laetitiae  et  exsultationi  vacare,  annon?    .^timo, 

th^^lil^i    si  aliquis  talium  hucusque  remansit^  ita  rem  tunc  tem- 

Fr^^oSS    poris  factam  non  negabit.     Nam  si  aliter  faceret,  pro- 

^^rSirr.  culdubio   veritati    contrarius    esset.      Si   igitur   corpus 

beati  Diinstani  se  sciebant  habere  OlastonisB^  cur  illud 

venerandum  in   sua  festivitate  requirebant  Oantuarise? 

Hsec   ita   dicta  ^   sint    ad   imprudentium   confatandum 

errorem,  et  ad  prudentium  confirmandum  in  nos,  quern 

multum    optamus    habere,    sanctum    amorem.     VaJeat 

igitur   sanctitas   vestra  in    Christo   Jesu,  et   oret  pro 

nobis. 

Explicit  epistola  Edmeri  mcmachi  eccledoe  Christ 

CantuaricB? 


A.D.  cir. 
1120. 

Nicolas  to 
Eadmer. 


XXXVI.  Epistola  Nicolai  monachi  Wioorniensis  de 

MATRE  SaNCTTI   EaDWARDI  MARTYRIS. 
(MS.  C.C.C.  371.)» 

Domino   Eadmero   suus    Nicolaus.     Ea  quse  qusesisti 
jam    demum,   quod   vetustatis   auctoritate   plurimorum 
testimonio   verum   accepi    de   matre    Sancti    Eadwardi 
regis  et  martyris,  tibi  mitto. 
Edgar  Gloriosissimus    itaque    rex   Anglorum   Edgarus   xix. 

reigued  two  .  •  i         i      i  •       •  i 

years  with  axmis  regnavit ;  duobus  siqmdem  annis  super  omnes 
rixteen  after  borcalcs  tantum  Anglise  partes  quae  a  fratris  imperio 
discesserant  regnayit,  ipso  videlicet  Eadwio  fratre  ejus 
adhuc  in'Australibus  imperium  agente.  Fluvius  autem 
Tamisia  utriusque  regni  confinia  disterminabat.  Post 
mortem  vero  fratris  xvi.  annis  super  omnem  Angliam  \ 
et  Scottiam  et  universas   insulas  circumquaque  positas,   \ 


1  dicta]  om.  L. 

«  From  MS.  L. 

'  From  the  same  MS.  as  the  last 
article.  It  will  be  seen  by  reference 
to  pages  163»  213,  above,  that  Ead- 
mer was  indebted  to  Nicolas  for  the 


means  of  correcting  the  erroneous 
statements  of  Osbem.  Another 
letter  of  Nicolas  on  the  primacy  of 
York  in  Scotland  is  printed  in  the 
Anglia  Sacra,  ii.  2S4. 


HELlQULfi  DUNSTANIANJS. 


423 


et  usque  ad  Dublinam  Hibemise  civitatem,  cujus  etiam    ^f^^^- 
regem   sibi  'subjugaverat,^  imperium  potentissime   pro-  Heoon- 
tendit ;  in  tantum  ut  dum  monarcbiam  in  Anglia  solus  £i^f^^^ 
possideret^  octo  subregulos   in   exteris   regionibus   sub- 
ditos  et  sibi  servientes  haberet. 

Hie   in    prindpio   regni   sui    filiam    Ordmari    ducis  hu  first 
Orientalium    Anglorum    conjugem    legitimam    accepit,  ^^®}Jj^ 
nomine  jEtihelfledam,  cognomine  Candidam,  ex  qua  filium,  ^^^^^> 
sanctum  videlicet    Edwardimi,  procreavit.       Quae    post  ™  g^wart. 
editum  filium  paucis  tantum  annis,  regni  sicuti  et  thori 
oonsors,  supervivens,  dum    morte   subtracta    esset,   rex 
aliam  accepit  conjugem,  ^Elfbritham  nomine,  filiam  Ord- 
gari    ducis    Ocddentalium    Saxonum ;    ex   qua    filium  Hm  wgnd 
j^Bthelredum  habuit.     Haec  denique  novercali  fraude,  ut  ^^jJJ^^^. 
ad    suum   filium  regnum  transferret,  ex  priori  conjuge  2^SJf'*?® 
natum  regem  Edwardum  interfecit.     Sed  haec  intimare  Bth<*ire<i. 
tibi  necessarium  duxi ;   quia   cum    idem   antefatus  rex 
Eadgarus   suprascriptum   numerum   annorum  regnando 
compleret,    nonnisi    ultimo    regni    sui    tempore,  id    est 
duobus  annis  et  duobus  mensibus  ante  mortem,  a  Sanctis 
archiprsesulibus,    Dunstano    videlicet     atque    Oswaldo, 
unctus  in  regem  est.     Quam   consecrationem   rex   ipse  Edgar  de- 
suscipere  pro  magna  humilitate  in  tantum  distulit,  quia  ootueoration 
cum  esset  undecunque  providus    et   de  suae  ammsB  sa-  feit  himself 
lute    pia   religiositate  soUicitus,  dicere  solebat   se  nullo  until  he  Ld 

,  ,  ..  .  ,  ,       outgrown 

mo^o    sacrosanctam    imctionem    suscipere  audere,  ante- the  passions 

•T      1        .    .       •  1  _n     1*  A       '/•         of  youth, 

quam  luvemlis  lascivise  impetus  periectius  posset  refrse-  His  urst 
nando  superare.     Hoc  emm  apud  antiquos  reges  solenne  crowned, 
erat.     Hinc  factum  est  ut  prior  conjunx,  licet  legaliter  wm. 
sibi  desponsata,  et  sibi  copulata,  regni  consors  et  domina 
Anglise    esset,  non   tamen   uncta   in   reginam    exstitit. 
Secunda  vero  uxor  cimi  rege  ultimo,  ut  dixi,  ejus  regni 
tempore,  sacram  unctionem  cum  corona  suscepit.     Hsec 
omnia  antiquitatis   auctoritate  ^m_^  cronicarum    quam 


'  The  same  statement  is  made  in 
a  forged  charter  of  Edgar  in  the 


Worcester  Cartnlarj  ;  see  Kemble, 
C.  Dipl.  ii.  404. 


^ 


A 


424 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


A.D.  oir. 
USO. 

So  ray  the 

native 

chronicles. 


carminum,  qusd    ea   tempestate  a  doctis   patria   lingua 
^^omposita  de  his  noscuntur,  caeterarumque  saipturaruBBT 
testimonio  vera  esse  percepimus^  tibique  veraci  assertione 
transmittimus. 


Hymn  for 
Bnnstan's 
day. 


His  birth. 


Hisreeoveiy 
tnm  sick- 
ness; 


his  climbing 
the  church ; 


his  hearing 

heavenly 

songs; 


at  the  death 
ofEdred. 


His  tempta- 
tions by  the 
devil. 


His  harp 


XXXYII.  Yebsus  Eadmebi  de  Sancto  Dukstano. 

(MS.  C.C.C.  371,  to.  i.y 

Salve  sancta  dies  celebri  dignissima  laude. 
Qua,  Dunstane  pater,  coelica  scandis  ovans  i 

Salve  sancte  dies  I 

Quern  transitivse  nactum  primordia  vitte 
Gratia  coelestis  imbuit,  excoluit, 

Salve  sancta  die&T 

.^!ger  divino  medicamine  consolidatus 
Cum  tenui  virga  castra  maligna  fiigas. 

Qua  Dunstane,  &c: 
Angelico  ductu  templi  super  ardua  scandens 
Undique  firmatam  tendis  in  ecdesiam. 

Salve  sancta  dies. 

Ccelorum  dves  audis  sibi  conjubilantes 
Et  pacem  patriae  discis  adesse  tuse. 

Qua  Dunstane,  &c. 

'  Vox  sonat  e  superis  quae  te  de  de  pace  quietiff 
Edredi  regis  edocet,  exhilarat. 

Salve  sancta  dies. 
Daemon  in  effigie  vulpis  contritus  et  ursi 
Subdolus  insidias  tendit  ubique  tibi. 

Qua  Dunstane,  &c. 

Per  ciiharse  cantum  prsenoscis  quid  sit  agendum> 
XJnde  repente  locum  deseris  atque  habitum. 

Salve  sancta  dies ! 


>  From  th«  same  BIS.  as  the  last  two  articles. 


BELIQUIiB  DUNSTANUNiE. 


425 


SpiritibuB  Sanctis  sociatus  acumine  mentis 
Kyrie  eleyson  eos  conjubilare  probas. 

Qua  Dunstane,  &c. 

Ad  templum  noctu  Domini  genitrids  euntem 
Obvia  cum  sociis  excipit  ipsa  parens. 

Salve  sancta  dies. 

Prsecedunt  binaB  versus  modulando  puelke 
Dulds  amor  Christi  personet  ore  pio. 

Qua  Dunstane,  &c. 

Primus  ad  ima  ruit  magna  de  luce  superbus, 
Sic  homo  cum  tumuit  primus  ad  ima  ruit. 

Salve  sancta  dies. 

Mox  te  spirituiun  sanctorum  visitat  ordo, 
Teque  suiun  vocitans  suadet  adire  Deiun. 

Qua  Dimstane,  &c. 

Jam  vitse  metas  indudt  corporis  setas, 
Leetus  et  angelids  insereris  ctmeis. 

Salve  sancta  dies ! 
Conduntur  tends  artus  et  spiritus  astris, 
Quo  tibi  pro  meritis  gloria  peipes  erit. 

Qua  Dunstane^  &c. 
Jam  sacer  antistes  Cbristo  reverende  cohseres, 
Conjunctus  superis  auxiliare  tuis. 

Salve  sancta  dies ! 
Quod  parit  in  nobis  terreni  fervor  amoris 
Per  te  detergat  castus  amor  Domini. 

Qua  Dimstane^  &e. 
Sic  quoque  unanimis  ut  Christo  complaceamus. 
Qui  nos  setema  muneret  in  patria. 

Salve  sancta  dies. 
Et  fiBMuat  secum  felices  omne  per  sevum 
Yivere,  quo  luctus  non  erit  aut  gemitus. 

Qua  Dunstane,  &c 
Quod  Pater  et  Natus  quod  nobis  Spiritus  almus, 
Conferat  ipse  quod  est  semper  ubique  manens, 

Salve  sancta  dies. 


A.D.  oir. 
1190. 

The  kyrie. 


Hie  song  of 
tbeviisuit. 


Siogingthe 

hjmncS 

Seduliui. 


Visit  of  the 

blessed 

spirite. 


He  went  to 
tbeugeli. 


Hisbodjto 
tbeeutt. 


Prsyerlbr 
hisbelp. 


'I 


426 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI, 


XXXVIII.  SCRUTINItJM  FACTUM  CIRCA  FERETRUH  BEA- 
TISSIMI  PATBIS  DUNSTANI  ABCHIEPISCOPI,  EX  MAN- 
DATO  BEVEBENBISSIMI  PATBIS  AC  DOMINI,  DOMINI 
WiLLELMI  WaBHAM  CaNTUABIENSIS  ABCHIEPISCOPI, 
ET  DOMINI  ThOMJS  GoLDSTON  *  SACB^  PAGING  PBO- 
FESSOBIS,    EJUSDEM     ECCLESIiB    PBIORIS    DIGNISSIMI, 

ANNO  Domini  mdviii.  die  xxip.  Apbilis. 

(MS.  Lambeth,  159,  to,  36  t^.)^ 

A.D.1S08.       Quoniam    dilecti  firatres  monachi    Glastonienses  jam 
ofoiMton-   meis  temporibus  non  modo  sclent  jactitare,  uti  quidam 
^jMert    de  patiibus  eorum  facere  oonsuevemnt,  se  habere  apud 
hmDan-    suum  monasterium  corpus  illius  beatissimi  patroni   ec- 
buth^e      clesiaB   nostrse    Cantuariensis,  Sancti  Dunstani ;   verum 
up  a  new     etiam    lam   dudum   fabricari  fecenmt  novum  scrinium, 
coMpicuous  quod  ut  fertur  in  facie  ecclesiee  suae  non  obscure  statui 
with  great    feceruut ;  in  quo  non  verentur   fabulare   reponi   corpus 
Sancti  Dunstani.     In  ejus  namque  scrinii  erectione  ipsi 
non  modica  nee  obscura  celebritate  usi  fuerunt,  quippe 
qui  ad  illud  festum  non  solum  vicinos   sed   ipsius  fere 
totius  diocesis  magnates,  nobiles,  populumque  innume- 
rum  promiscui  sexus,  ad  tantum  spectaculum  confluere 
procuraverunt.     Quibus  illic  consistentibus,  et  solemni 
processione  quam  tunc  fecerunt  interessentibus,  cunctis 
spectantibus   scrinium    antedictum  erigi    fecerunt,  non 
quidem  in  eorum  vestiario,  ubi  solebant  patres  eorum, 
tanquam  in  loco  quasi  obscuro,  reponere  aliud  scrinium 
magis  vetustum,  quod  uti  eis  libebat  scrinium   Sancti 
Dunstani   etiam   appellabant ;  sed   istud  nonnulli  scri- 
nium, ut  fertur,  in  loco  clarissimo  cunctis  illic  conflu- 
entibus  patente  constituenmt.     Quae  cum  ita  sint,  ne 
ipsi  Glastonienses   populum   in   errorem  abducant,   pu- 
tantes  sic  ibidem  prsesens  corpus  Sancti  Dunstani  colere, 


^  Thomas  Goldston  was  prior  of 
Christ  Churehfh>m  149.5-1517. 


3  Printed  in  the   Anglia  Sacra, 
vol.  ii.  pp.  227,  828. 


BELIQUUE  DUNSTANIAN^.  427 

placuit  reverendifiMsimo  in  Christo  patri  Willelmo  War-   A.D.1508. 
ham  archiepiscopo  Cantuariensi  diligentissime  fieri  scru-  i^^^^u^. 
tinitim  in  sua  ecclesia  circa  feretrum  Sancti  Dunstani,  searohfo? 
ut  ex  oculorum    aspectu    confiinderet   confingentes  ac  should  te 
mentientes  alibi  corpius  illud  se  habere.  Oantorbuir. 

Vicesimo  ieitur  die  Aprilis  anno  Domini  MDVni.,  quo  The  search 
die  tunc  accidebat  Ccena  Domini,  ex  mandato  ipsius  ApniS, 
domini  archiepiscopi  et  domini  Thomse  Qoldston  prio- 
ns, deputati  sunt  tres  vel  quatuor  de  confratribus  ad 
ejusmodi  opus  aptiores  et  ferventiores,  ut  in  vespere, 
postquam  fores  ecdesiae  essent  daussB,  ne  laid  hujus- 
modi  negotio  adessent,  ad  scrutinium  faciendum  circa 
feretrum  Sancti  Dimstani,  ut  ipsi  explorarent  qua  via 
faciliori  possent  ejus  sacrse  reliquiae  videri,  ea  ratione 
ut  omni  ambiguitate  et  scrupulo  semotis  oculata  fide 
rei  Veritas  probaretur. 

Hi  quidem  fratres  in  ipsa  noctis  tempestate  non  tam  Thebreth- 
diligenter  quam  prudenter  ad  id  quidem  perduxerunt nightand 
opus,  ut  ante  lucanum   oculis  perspicere  potuenmt  ar-  ntue  before 
cam  quandam  plumbeam  ubi  sacrse  reliquiae  reconde-  Thev  came 
bantur.     Quse  quidem  area  deposita  fuit  et  immersa  in 
opere  lapideo  feretri.     Ea  siquidem  area  intus  erat  lig- 
nea^  exterius  interiusque  plumbo  undique  cooperta,   et 
davis  omni  in    loco    affixa;  adeo  ut  later  clavum   et 
davum  non  erat  spatium  relictum  latitudinis  humanse 
palmse.     Erat  quoque  haec  area  longitudinis  jiixta  Ion-  Heuure- 
gitudinem    operis    lapidei   ipsius    feretri,  videlicet  vii.  description. 
pedum,  latitudinis  drdter  pedis  cum  dimidio.     Eratque 
in  omni  sua  parte  ferreis  ligamentis  circumducta  tutis- 
sime,   adeo  ut  vix  possit  discemi  via  possibUis  illam 
aperiendi.      Confisi  tamen  in  divino  auxilio  et  sancti  it  was  not , 

,         •         /*•       ••I'l'i  t  »      ,  .  .  opened  until 

patroni  sunragio,  mstitmt  archiepiscopus  cum  pnore,  ut  the  next 
quidam  confratres  in  consequent!  nocte  laicis  semotis 
iterum  opus  aggrederentur,  quod  et  factum  est.  Sex 
enim  de  confiratribus  per  priorem  ad  hoc  deputati,  una 
cum  ope  aliorum  quos  convocarunt,  ingenti  sudore  hanc 
arcam,  quse   est  magni    ponderis,  fecerunt  supra   opus 


i 


428  VITA  SANCTl  DUNSTANI. 

A.D.i5oe.   lapideum   sublevari.     Id   cum   fecissent,   tandem   cum 

Openinc  of        -^ 

thecoffiiu.  magna  dii&cultate  satagenies,  anteriorem  partem  areae 
aperiunt.  Quod  profecto  fiax^ere  nequissent,  nisi  partem 
asseris,  quo  in  superiore  parte  area  daudebatur,  effirin> 
gerent.  Eo  sane  confracto,  licuit  videre  interius  ab  uno 
fine  arcse   usque   in  alterum  finem.     Ibi  vero  patebat 

TJ^re  w«re  aspectui  cista  qusadam  plumbea ;  quae  quidem  cista  &cta 
est  non  ex  plam>  plumbo  sed  arte  quadam  pulckerrime 
est  plicata.  Ea  vero  aperta,  reperta  est  etiam  et  alia 
cista  plumbea  quasi  tabefacta,  quae  putatur  esse  illa»  in 
qua  ossa  Sancti  Dunstani,  cum  primum  sepeliebator, 
recondebantur.     Infra  has   duas   cistas  plumbeas,  cum 

ie^mthe  aperire^tur,  primo   reperta  est   qusedam  parva  lamina 

brautofthepi^^mbi  jacens  supra  pectus  corporis.  In  qua  quidem 
lamina  continebatur  hsec  scriptura,  *'Hic  requiescit 
"  Sanctus  Dunstanus  archiepiscopus."  Et  scribitur  hie 
iitulus  Bomanis  litteris.  Deinde  repertus  est  pannus 
quidam  tinctus,  nitidus  valde  atque  integer,  superpositus 
corpori  Sancti  Dunstani.  Quo  sublevato,  ap{>aruit  illud 
sanctissimum  organum  Spiritus  Sancti,  indutum  ponti-  | 

Description  ficalibus,  tum  pro  ma£:na  parte  consumptis.     Porro  ap-  1 

of  the  bones  ..    .i.,  ^^  •-•  xxi_j.  ±  i 

ciisoovered.  paruit  ibidem  testa  capitis,  quse  et  tangebatur  et  oscu- 
labatur  tam  a  domino  archiepiscopo,  qui  valde  mane  in 
crastino  sequenti,  videlicet  in  vigilia  Paschse,  aderat, 
quam  a  priore  cseterisque  quamplurimis  de  conventu 
monachorum.  Cujus  quidem  testae  partem  a  reliquo 
divisam  dominus  archiepiscopus  tradidit  priori,  ea  ratione 
ut  decenter  adomaretur,  et  inter  reliquias  ecclesiae  ve- 
nerandum  reponeretur.  Denique  videbantur  et  alia  ossa 
diversa,  tam  de  brachiis  quam  de  costis,  et  nonnuUa 
massa  de  came  ejusdem  patroni  nostri.  Quae  revera 
Sweet  odour  omnia  odore  redolebant  suavissimo.  Ad  istud  non  tam 
ft^ithem.  jocundum  quam  desideratissimum  spectaculiun  affiiere 
prope  omnes  de  conventu.  Ad  hoc  etiam  invitati  sunt 
per  dominiun  archiepiscopum  sex  novidi  nondum  pro- 
fessi,  qui  simul  cum  aliis  ista  cemebant.  Ad  hoc  quoque 
sacrum  spectaculum  afbere  hii  capellani  de  familia  do- 


R£LIQUL£  DUNSTANIANiE. 


429 


mini  archiepiscopi    per    eum    invitati,  videlicet    prior   aj>.i5M. 
DovorifiB,  episcopus  suffiraganeus  ^  ejus,  nomine  Johannes  N«ne».«f 
Thornton    doctor  sacrae  theologise,  magister  Cuthbertus  °®'^' 
Tunstall '  doctor  in  legibus,  cancellarius  ejusdem  domini 
archiepiscopi,  magister  Thomas  Wellis  ^  doctor  theologize, 
magister  Robertns  Weks,  magister  Andreas,  in  artibus 
magistri;   magister   Johannes   Pers,  bachalarius  legum. 
Hii  yero  vocati  sunt  ad  yidendum  et  testimonium  per- 
hibendum   eorum    quse   superius   scripta   sunt.      Elrant 
interea  ad  ipsum  advocati  per  dominum  archiepiscopum 
tres  notarii  publici,  utpote   magister  Johannes  Barrett  Names  of 
scriba  actorum  prserogativae  ecclesiae  Cantuariensis,  ma-  ^^^odnw 
gister  Johannes  Colman  scriba  consistorii  Cantuariensis,  iioinstro- 
magister  Willelmus  Pottkyn  scriba  jurisdictionis  imme-  aearoh. 
diatse.     Eos  notarios   dominus  archiepiscopus  requisivit 
ut,  singulis  qu2B  superius  scripta  sunt,  de  scrutinio  facto 
circa  reliquias  Sancti  Dunstani,  diligenter  per  eos  in- 
spectis  et  consideratis,  instrumentum  publicum  de  eis- 
dem   conficerent.     Idque  complere  super    depositionem 
testium  prsedictorum  poUiciti  sunt.     Haec  cum  peracta 
fuissent,  tunc,  ad  mandatum  domini  archiepiscopi,  area 
superius  dicta  iterum  dausa  est  firmissime  tam   opere 
ligneo  quam  plumbeo,  davisque  quamplurimis  tutissime 
affixa.     Idque  factum  est  in  prsedicta  vigilia  Paschse. 
Nee  fores  ecclesiae  antea  aperiebantur,  quam  confratres 
id    opens    explevissent.      Ejusmodi  experimento  facto  Thus  utiM 
Circa  reliquias  oancti  Dunstam,  modo  luce  danus  con- monks  of 
stat  quanto  errore  atque  dementia  laborant  dilecti  £ra-  teftited.  ^^ 
tres  Glastonienses,  qui  somniant  apud  se  habere  corpus 
beati  Dunstani,  idque  publico  prsedicare  non  erubescant. 
Si  enim  eorum  reatus  conscientise  falsa  de  sancto  Dei 
prsedicare  compescere  non  valeret,  saltem  mundi  hones- 


>  John  Thomden,  '*  episcopas  Snr- 
**  roaeosiB,  in  partibos  infideUnm,'* 
Warham's  snffiragan  and  prior  of 
IX>Ter:  died  in  1516. 

'Ciithbert   Tanstall,    afterwards 


bishop  of  London,  1523-1630 ;  and 
of  Durham,  1580-1559. 

*  Thomas  Wells,  bishop  of  Sidon 
and  snftagan  of  Cknterbmy,  d. 
1526, 


430  VITA  SANCJTI  DUNSTANI. 

i..i).ifi08.  tas  mendacia  pertiiiaciter  defendere  cohibeat.  Itaque 
hoped  that  post  tam  clarissimum  hujus  negotii  experimentum  jam 
now  be  factuiu,  aiDodo  jam  sileaut  carissimi  fratres  Glastonien- 
ses  corpus  beat!  Dunstani  vendicare ;  ponantque  modo 
ostium  circumstantise  labiis  eorum;  et  confingere  desi- 
naat  per  patres  eorum  corpus  iUud  ab  ecdesia  sua,  ubi 
sepultum  est,  quovis  pacto  surreptum  fiiisse. 


XXXIX.  Exemplar  litterarum  reverendissimi  do- 
mini,  DOMINI  WiLLELMI  WaRHAM  CaNTUARIENSIS 
ARCHIEPISCOPI,    AD  ABBATEM    GlASTONIENSEM,    ANNO 

Domini  'UPiy>ym9. 

(MS.  Lambeth,  159,  fo.  38  yo.)^ 

Letttf  of  Honorande  frater,^  post  condignam  commendationem. 

Archbishop  '     r  o 

Warham  to  Pervenit  nuper  ad  aures  nostras  feretrum  quoddam  divi 
ofGiaston-   Dunstani  in  vestri  monasterii  ecdesia  palam   a  vobis 
erectum,  ex  quo  quidem  sacrum  ejusdem  corpus  apud 
vos  tumulatum  habere  praetenditis.     Nos  igitur  super 
hac  re  non  parum   moti,  sedula  mente  nobiscum  con- 
siderantes  prsefatum  sanctum  in  dignitate  archiepisoo- 
paJi    Cantuariensi   nos  prsecessisse,  ibidemque   mortem 
obiisse ;  quo  fit  ut  in  eadem  ecclesia  et  non  aJibi  sepul- 
turam  sibi  delegisse  verisimiGter  optimo  jure  credatur. 
Cupientes  rei  certitudinem  investigare,  an  corpus  vide- 
licet suum  in  dicta  ecclesia  nostra  Cantuariensi  huma- 
tum  remaneret,  quum  proximis  his  diebus  illic  adesse- 
searohbM   mus,   de    illo    sumus    diligenter    perscrutati.      Matura 
forthe^-   itaque  inquisitione  facta,   invenimus  in   eadem  ecclesia 
st«n.  nostra  quandam  capsulam  ligneam  in  modum   tumbes 

erectam,  ferro  circumligatam,  in  parte  Australi  summi 
altaris  servatam,  ubi  verissime  cemitur  prsefati  Sancti 
Dunstani  corpus  honorifice  sepultum  jacere.  Quam  qui- 
dem capsulam   dilecto    fratri  nostro,  ejusdem  ecdesise 


1  Printed  in  the  Anglia   Sacn,  |      '  Richard  Beere,  abbot  of  Qbs- 
il  SS9.  I  tonborj,  1493-16^4. 


RELIQUIAE  DUNSTANIAN-fi.  431 

nostree  priori  modemo^  ac  noimullis  commonachis  suis,    A.D.1508. 
nec  non  quibusdam  notariis  publicis,  vins  recte  probis  senceof 
atque  discretis,  multisque  aliis  personis  fide  dignis,  quad-  neaaes  the 
nunnta  numero.  tunc  et  ibidem  ex  mandato  nostro  astan-  ooflan  were 
tibus  ac  hsec  cuncta,  ut  turn  fiebant,  baud  obscure  in- 
tuentibuB,  cum  ea  qua  decxiit  reverentia  aperiri  fecimus. 
Qua  aperta  invenimus  intra  eandem   quandam  cistam 
plumbeam,  et  sub  intus  unam  parvam  pedam   plumbi 
de  longitudine  unius  humani  pedis,  bujusmodi  litteris 
insculptam,  ''Hie  requiescit  Sanctus  Dunstanus   archi- 
"  episcopus."     Deinde  intra  eandem  cistam  qusedam  lin- 
thea  candidissima,  velut  balsamis  suavissime  redolentia, 
reperta  fiiere;  quibus  revolutis  calvam  capitis  memorati  The  bones 
sancti  integram,  atque   diversa  sui   corporis  ossa,  cum  x^ucs  were 
multis   aliis    ejusdem   reliquiis,  inibi   etiam   reperimus.  within. 
Cseterisque  probabilibus  testimoniis  manifesto  apparet 
prsefatum  Sancti  Dunstani  corpus  venerabile  non   alio 
loco  quam  in  ecdesia  nostra  prsslibata  requiescere  de- 
bere.     Quare  yehementer  admiramur  tanta  vos  csecitate 
tantave  temeritate  aut  audacia  duci,  ut  non  vereamini 
asserere  prsefatimi   corpus  apud  vos  babere  sepultum: 
ex  quo  maximum  ecdesise  Dei  scandalum  exoritur,  po-  The  oias- 

1  r     •  •    •  j»  tonbury 

pulusque  nujus  regni  m  non  modicum  errorem,  super-  oiaim  Ku 
stitionem  atque  confiisionem  indudtur.     Neque  revera^daif^ 
errore  carere  potest,  quod  unius  sancti  corpus  in  diver- 
sis  credatur  esse  locis,  aut  quod  unum  corpus  pro  altero 
reputari  aut  coli  deberet.      Unde  valde   est  timendum 
ne  Deus  Ipse  ex  illo  gravissime  offendatur,  vosipsique 
baud  mediocriter  fallamini.     Ne  igitur  tanta  labes  tan- 
taque  abusio  in  eminentius  malum  paulatim,  si  diutius  The  abbot 
pemntteretur^  irrepsent,  utque  rei  ventas  clanus  pate- to  produce 
fiat,  fratemitatem  vestram  instanter  hortamur,  rogamus  denoe*. 
et  requirimus,  ut  ad  nos  erga  festum  translationis  divi 
Thomse  martyris  proximum  futurum  sese  conferre,  scripta 
moniunentave  prsetensum  suiun   titulum  in  bac  parte 
fov^tia,  si   quae   talia  babuerit,  secum   deferens.     Nee 
erit  inoonsultum  firatemitati  vestrse,  quoniam  preefiekta 


^32 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANL 


AJ).U08. 

He  will  do 
well  to  at- 
tend in  per- 
son, and 
bring  the 
inretended 
relics. 


Dated. 
June  4^ 
Lambeth. 


res  ipsa  non  parvi  fuerit  ponderis  aut  momenti,  ut,  si 
commode  fieri  poterit,  in  persona  sua  propria  ad  nos 
accedat.  Sin  autem,  quosdam  consiliariomm  suorum  pru- 
dentiores,  plene  ac  perfecte  de  mente  sua  instrucios  in 
hac  cansa^  erga  antedietum  tempus  ad  nos  transmittere 
diligenter  curet  Nee  imprudenter  faciei,  si  hujusmodi 
reliquias  prsefati  Sancti  Dunstani,  quas  in  monasterio 
suo  habere  prsetendit,  ne  iterum  aperiri  aut  a  populo 
coli  aliquo  pacto  sinat ;  ne,  si  aliter  fieret,  major  tumul- 
tus,  scandalum  atque  error  ex  illo  sequeretur. 

Ex  Lambetha,    iv.    Junii,    anno    pontificatus  nostri 
quinto. 


A.D.1508. 

Answer  of 
the  Abbot 
of  Glaston- 
buzy. 


It  is  true 
that  the 
shrine  of 
Dunstanhas 
been  moved 
to  a  more 
oonspicuous 
place. 


XL.   EXEMPLAB  LITTERABUM  ABBATIS   OlASTONI£. 

(MS.  Lambeth,  159,  fb.  39  to.)* 

Beverendissime  in  Christo  pater,  post  humillimam 
commendationem.  Litteras  patemitatis  vestrse  ea  qua 
decuit  reverentia  accepi.  In  quibus  scriptum  erat  ean- 
dem  jamdudum  audire  nos  feretrum  quoddam  divi 
Dunstani  in  ecdesia  nostra  publice  erexisse,  ex  eaque 
prsetendere  corpus  ejus  apud  nos  habere  sepultum. 
Humillime  respondeo  nos  feretrum  quoddam  memorati 
sancti  patroni  nostri  et  amplificatoris  eximii  plus  ab- 
hinc  ducentis  annis  in  ecclesia  nostra  per  religiosos 
patres  nostros  antecessores  erectum,  auroque  et  argento 
pulcherrime  fabricatum,  cum  potestate  et  auctoritate 
episcopi  diocesis  a  loco  in  locum  transmovisse,  non 
aliam  ob  causam  nisi  ob  Dei  gloriam,  sancti  Ejus  ad 
honorem,  et  majorem  monasterii  nostri  decorem,  quodque 
addi  potest^  quod  inter  multos  ad  locum  ubi  prius  sta- 
bat  confluentes  propter  divi  Pantaleonis  et  aliorum 
sanctorum  devotionem,  ob  quorum  yenerationem  ille 
locus  frequenter  invisitur,  aliquando  etiam  inventi  sunt. 


*  Printed  in  tbe  Anglia  Sacra,  ii.  S30. 


RELIQTJL£   DUNSTANIANiB.  433 

• 

qui  de  scrinio  ejus^  quod  manu  tangi  poierat,  particulas  a.d.  isos. 
quasdam   argenteas   atque   deauratas  surripiebant.     Ut  a  new 
igitur  ab  istiusmodi  compilatoribus  tutius   esse  posset,  b^^^ 
in  loco  aJiquanto  editiori    collocavimus   nos   non   prae-  °'   ^*^' 
tendentes   ejus  corpus   apud   nos   sepultutn   fuisse,  sed 
sacra  ejus  ossa  post  destructionem  ecclesias  vestrae  Can-  ThereUcs 
tuariensis  per   Danos   factam   ad  nos  allata  fuisse  et  brought 
comportata.      Quod    itaque^reverendissima    patemitas  terbmy. ' 
vestra  se   diligentissime   nuper   perscrutatum   esse,  an* 
ejusdem    sancti    corpus    in  .ecclesia   sua    Cantuariensi 
sepultum   adhuc   remaneret,   et    sic    invenisse  in   una 
cista  plumbea  quandam  minutam   peciam  plumbi  hu- 
jusmodi  litteris   insculptam,  videlicet,  "Hie  requiescit  The  bones 
"Sanctus  Dunstanus  archiepiscopus ; "  atque  inibi  M-gg«y 
thea  qusedam   Candida ;   quibus   revolutis  calva  capitis  been  taken 
Sancti   Dunstani    apparuit   Integra   cum    pluribus    sui  Giaston- 
corporis  ossibus;   et   propter  h83c    argumenta   eandem 
reverendissimam    patemitatem    vestram    admifari    nos 
praedictos  viros.  tanta  caecitate  aut  audacia  duci,  ut  non 
yereamur  illud  corpus  apud  nos  tumulatum  esse  affir- 
mare.     Reverendissime  pater,  fieri  poterat   ut,  maxima 
parte  reliquiarum   ejus   ad   nos   comportata,  aliqua  ibi 
relicta,  yel   ad   petitionem    confratrum  Cantuariensium 
post  curriculum  temporis  in  monasterium    suum   resti- 
tutorum,  sive  illuc  ad  contemplationem  alicujus   archi- 
episoopi  transmissa  sit:   quoniam    etiam   quinque  post 
divum   Dunstanum    a   monasterio   nostro    Qlastoniensi 
istinc  ad  archiepiscopatum  promoti  suntw     Cujus  rei  eoTheiMKor 
facilius   conjecturam   fia>cio,   quod  nos  ossa  ejus  majora  GiMtooh^ 
firmioraque  habemus,  dilecti  verb  fratres  CantUarienses,  sBu^erat 

,  j»     •  X        'x   X*  A         Txj.     •    Canterbury. 

quatenus  ex  reverendissmiae  patermtatis  vestrae  littens 
vel  ex  eorum  publicis  scriptis  coUigi  potest,  tantiun 
quasdam  minutias,  nos  occipitium  et  coelum  capitis,  illi 
calvam  seu  cranei  priorem  partem  possident.  Quod  si 
verum  sit,  intima  caritate  gaudeo  Deum  iiomortalem 
dileetum  sanctum  suum  diversis  in  locis  velle  honorari, 
sicuti    nonnulli    bonorantur,  sine  scandalo  aut  .aliquo 

E  E 


434  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 

A.D.150S.  tumultu  populori.     C»terum  quod   hortatur  nos   reve- 
The  abbot    rendissima  patemitas  vestra  in  calce  litterarum  suarum, 

cannot  for-        ■  t^»i'  «•    tx   •        ^•       •  ±  ••         x 

bid  the       ut  proniberemus  sancti  Dei  reliquias  aut  apenn  aut  a 

relics  to  be  ■,  i.       .     .  x      x«  11  -         j 

honoured.  popuLo  coli,  81  in  eam  sententiam  vellemus  concedere, 
quod  reverendissimse  patemitatis  vestrae  venia,  dilectis- 
simorum  quoque  fratrum  pace,  dicatur,  non  tarn  casd  et 
audaces  quam  prorsus  nefarii  atque  impii  dicendi  esse- 
mus.  Quis  enim  vel  tenJterarius  non  timeret  ne  gra- 
vissime  inde  Deus  offenderetur  si  mortalis  immortalem 
suspenderet,  aut  in  hac  militia  labilis  peocator  trium- 
phantis  insignia  desecraret  ?  Quod  porro  si  fieret,  maxi- 
mum quoque  scandalum,  tumultus  et  peiieulum  seque- 
retur,  qute  nobis  in  reverendissimae  patemitatis  vestrce 
litteris  humanissime  proponuntur  ad  terrorem.  Qui- 
cunque  enim  prsesens  cemeret  assiduum  concursum 
populi,  vestibus  exuti,  nudis  pedibus  quotidie-supplican- 
tis,  diceret  nobis  proculdubio,  id  quod  Actuum  quinto 
a  Oamaliele  dictum  legitur ;  "  Sinite  illos,  etc.,  ne  forte  Aete,  ▼.  ss. 
"  et  Deo  repugnare  videamini."  Certe  ego  tum  populi 
devotionem,  tum  Omnipotentis  Dei  promissionem,  Qui 
in  Sanctis  Suis  perpetuo  gloriosus  est,  accurate  pensans^ 
nullo   modo   audeo   tentare^    quod   contra  sancti   Ejus 

There  is  a    SBstimationem  esse  possit ;  sed  totus  intremisco  vel  tale 

tradition  as     i«*iii>i  >•  1  1  ^ 

to  the  route  aliquid  doliberare,  prsesertim  quando  non  solum   chro- 
tiheywere    mcsd  antiqusB    scd   etiam  vuk^s  fama   decantat«  eius 

broughtto  ^  i.  •    J    Vi.      X  J  A.       nj. 

Giaston-  sacra  ossa  vere  et  mdubitanter  apud  nos  esse.  Quo  fit 
ut  quidam  contermini  nobis  parochiani  singulis  annis 
in  die  felidssimi  ac  beatissimi  patlroni  nostri  Sancti 
Dunstani,  qui  alioquin  professus  est,  ab  operibus  do- 
mesticis  feriati,  ad  ecclesiam  nostram  Glastoniensem, 
tarn  viii  quam  foeminse,  tam  patres  familiarum  quam 
mercenarii  eorundem  seu  villici,  summa  cum  veneratione 
ex  vetusto  quodam  ritu  conveniunt.  Inter  quos  qui- 
dam e  majoribus  natu  coram  certis  auctoritate  aposto- 
lica  a  publicis  notariis  interrogati  qua  religione  id 
facerent,  responderunt  se  a  veteribus  didicisse  patres 
parentum  eorum  ossa  Sancti  Dunstani,  dum  per  eorum 


RELTQULfi  DUNSTANIAN^.  435 

confinia  a  Cantuaria  Olasioniam  deportabantur,  eo  modo    a.d.i508. 

•  Juno  88« 

ad  ecdesiam  nostram  Glastoniensem  cum  devotione  Holy  day 
fuisse  insecutos,  et  propterea  eos  parochianos  in  rei  m^mtion! 
memoriam  solere,  usque  in  hodiemum  diem^  non  solum 
in  eo  die  feriari^  sed  etiam  ad  ecclesiam  nostram  Glas- 
toniensem devotionis  causa  venire.  Quod  si  aliquia 
eorum  ita  facere  recusaverit^  aut  rei  suae  attentior  a 
laboribus  eo  die  non  supersederit,  eo  anno  nihil  pros- 
pere  ei  succedere,  sed  vel  armenti  vel  rei  familiaris 
grave  dampnum  et  jacturam  facere.  Quod  contigit  in 
diebus  adhuc  viventium  persaepe.  Itaque  minori  cum 
scandalo,  salvo  judicio  reverendissimse  patemitatis  ves- 
trse,  dilecti   fratres   Cantuarienses  reliquias  suas  nuper  it  would  bo 

...•  1  ij  1  i.«.    better  if  the 

mventas  tanusper  celare  possent^  dum  vel  cum  reliquiis  ouiterbuiy 

.•  ..  /•>  I*  •  rolioa  were 

nostns   comparatione   facta,  unde^  ^^i    vere  ejus  sacrae  conceiaed 

i*...  Ill-  >         t  f  until  proTod 

reliquiae  smt,  proculdubio  commanarunt^  vel  per  ahquatobotoue. 
scripta  vetusta  certiores  fiacti,  omni  ambiguitate  et  scru- 
pulo  remotis,  homines  intelligant  eas,  quas  Cantuarien- 
ses se  habere  dicimt,  veras  esse  reliquias  ejusdem  sancti, 
qui  tot  annis  apud  nos  in  veneratione  maxima  ab  uni- 
verso   populo   est   habitus.     Haec   autem    eo   diffusius 
scripsi,  quod  aliquani»ilum  laborans  adversa  valetudine, 
sicut  vellem  et  debeo,  ipse  venire  ad  reverendissimam 
patemitatem  vestram  hoc  tempore  non  possum.     Quo- The  abbot 
circa  eandem  impense  rogo  obtestorque,  ut  banc  vale-  ^^uii™' 
tudinem  meam  excusatam  habeat,  qui  ejus  causa  sum  Sotag  to°^^ 
omnia  libenter  facturus,  dtra  ecdesiae  meae  aut  monas-      ^  ^^' 
terii  juris  prsejudicium,  aut  Dei  Optimi  Maximi  sanc- 
torumque  Ejus  offensam.      Quorum  praesidio  perpetuo 
fiilta  sit  eadem  reverendissima  patemitas  vestra. 
Scripta  Glastoniae  quarto  kalendas  Julii. 


£  E  2 


436  VITA  SANCri  DUNSTANI. 


XXXIX.  Exemplar  litterarum  Reverejstdissimi  do- 
mini  WiLLELMI    WARHAM,    CANTUARIENSIS  ARCHI- 

EPiscopi,  AD  abbatem  Glastonle  MISSARXJM. 

(MS.  Lambeth,  159,  {6.  41  ro.y 

Aj),  1IW8.       Honorande  firater,  post  condignam  commendationem. 

Thearoh-     Yestras  litteras  a  quodam  vestri   ordinis  monacho  ac- 

not^        cepimus,   quibus  feretrum  quoddam  divi  Dimstani  in 

vrhaJbhZ      ecdesia  vestra  ad  multos  hinc  axmos  fuisse   erectum, 

ahiineat      vosquc  grandiora  ejus   ossa    possidere   scnbitis^  neque 

is  erected:'^  audere  reliqtdas  prsetensas  a  popiilo  coli  prohibere,  etc. 

Quantum  vero  ad  primum  attinet,  nondum  nobis  quo- 

quam  pacto  innotescit  quanam  auctoritate  aut  quo  jure 

jurisve  colore  tale  ftretrum  erectum  exstiterit.      Quod 

si  forte  avestris,  uti  scribitis,  antecessoribus  minus  pru- 

denter  attemptatum   factumque   fuerit,   id   negligenter 

ulterius  baud   permittendum  erit,  sed    recte  ac  juste 

reformandum.     Quod  autem  scribitis  prsefati  sancti  ossa 

post  destructam  ecdesiam  nostram  per  Danos  ad  monas- 

terium  vestrum  fdisse  apportatet,  nihilque  prseter  quas- 

or  ifthe      dam  sui  corporis  minutias  in  ecclesia  nostra  relictum: — 

rolics  were 

g*^from  ,  Hsec  si  vera  essent,  quod  certe  a  nobis  credi  non  potest, 

SthoXit  ^^  *^^^  auctoritate  quoye  titulo  hujusmodi  ossa  fiie- 

was  done;    rint  ad  vos  allata  non  edicitis.    Absentia  vero  mona- 

chorum  ecdesise  nostrse  tunc  temporis  fratribus  vestris 

aliquas  illinc  auferendi  reliqnias  nequibat  auctoritatem 

tribuere.     Cum   ergo   nee   summi   pontifids  nee  archi- 

episcopi  nee  fratrum  illius  ecdesise  pro  tempore  exis- 

tentium^   sine    quorum    consensu   prsefatsB   reliquias  ad 

or  proof  that  alia  loca  de  'jure  transferri  non  poterant^  consensus  et 

translated,   auctoritatcs  vobis    et  monasterio  vestro  factos  minime 

exhibere  valeatis;  non  videmus  qua  ratione  hujusmodi 

reliquias  habere  prsetendatis.     Quod  si  forte  vestri  mo- 

nachi  eas  sua  audacia  ac  violenter  abstulerint,  in  eo  se 


^  Printed  in  the  Anglia  Sacra,  ii.  S30. 


RELIQULfi  DUNSTANIANiE.  437 

furtum   et  sacrilegium   commisisse  fadle  convincuntur.  ^P:  ^°J^* 
Neque  hujusmodi  reliquiorum  detentores  aut  eis  con- Lapse  of* 
sentientes   tractu   vel   diutumitate   temporis    sacrilegiinotieMen 
potennt   prsetendere   sese  immunes,  neque  sine  debita 
restitutione  absolvi.  *  Longe  prseterea  a  veritate  videtur 
alienum,  maximam,  ut  aaseritis,  illius  sancti  reliquiarum 
partem  apud  vos  esse,  cum  manifestum  ac  darissimum 
sit  tarn  brachiorum  ejus  quam  tibiarum  ossa  grossiora, 
costas  etiam  ac  spondilia  totumque  capitis  tegumentum 
integrum,  cseteraque  omnia  tot  et  tanta  corporis  ipsius 
particularia  ossa,  quot  et  quanta  ex  aliquo  corpore  de- 
funoto  tot  annis  in  visceribus  terrse  jacente   remanere 
sit  possibile,  in   capsa  ilia  in  qua  venerandum   corpus 
suum   coUocatum  atque   reconditum  fuit,  adhuc  conti- 
neri ;  quae  non  mpdo  oculis  inspeximus  verum  etdam  et  ^^^^ 
manibus  palpavimus.     Haec  enim*  res  ipsa,  multorum-  ^^jJbSr* 
que  fide  dignorum,  qui  prsemissa  etiam  viderunt,  testi-  ^^  ^^y 
monium  nobis  tacentibus  verissima  comprobabit.     No-p^®^- 
lite   igitur   cogitare,  hsec   aut   ficte   aut  minus  vere   a 
nobis    praedicari.     Quicunque    enim  prsemissa,  quemad- 
modum  nos  vidimus,  inspexisset,  fateretur  proculdubio 
verum  prselibati  sancti  corpus  absque  diminutione  qua- 
piam  in  ecclesia  tunc  sua,  nunc,  Ucet  sine  merito,  nostra 
requiescere.     Quare   desinite  firustra  deinceps  conjicere 
inaniterve  jactitare  maximam  reliquiarum  ejus  partem 
penes  vos  remanere  aut  aliquas  minutias  vel  ad  fratrum 
Cantuariensium    petitionem   vel   alicujus    archiepiscopi 
contemplationem   ad   ecclesiam   nostram  a  loco  vestro  They  cannot 

J.  .  .  .  •  •  •'i_«i  1  •  i  be  in  two 

fuisse   transmissas,  quomam  impossibue   est  umus   etpiaoeaat 

•         ^  •  111  ODOO* 

ejusdem  corporis  ossium  majorem  partem  et  apud  vos 
et  apud  nos  in  ecclesia  nostra  posse  simul  haberi. 
Quod  postremo  scribitis  vos  subvereri  ne  gravissime 
Deum  offenderetis,  sanctumque  Suum  afficeretis  injuria, 
si  ejus  quas  ajsseritis  apud  vos  reliquias  aperiri  colique 
prohibere  videremini ; — Qui  enim  veras  adoraverit  reli- 
quias, Deo  placet,  non  qui  falsas,  fictas  vel  incertas ; — 
In  hoc  Deum  potius  offendere  quam  placere,  sanctoque    . 


438  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 

A.^1508.  Suo  summam  inferre  injuriam,  eundemque  magis  inho- 
itiBimpioninorare  quam  honorare  censemini ;  quod  alienum  corpus 

to  promote  /*       't^*  j 

the  honour  suum  esso  fingitis,  ac  pro  suo  corpore  usurpantes,  vene- 
relics.  rationem  sibi  sacrisque  ejusdem  veris  reliquiis  debitam 
aufertis,  alieno  simulatoque  c^averi  irreligiosi  attribu- 
entes ;  et  quod  deterrimum  est,  populum  in  vanam  ac 
superstitiosam  culturam  inducentes,  qui  in  grave  turn 
vestrarum  turn  suarum  periculum  animarum,  quod  ve- 
hementer  est  dolendum,  vestiis  sinistris  assertionibus 
maxime  seducitur  atque  illuditur.  Quis  enim  non  for- 
midaret  se  Deum  valde  offensurum,  si  non  sanctum  pro 
sancto,  aut  corpus  fictum  pro  vero,  et  incertas  reliquias 
pro  certis  colere  auderet?  Hasc  autem  a  vobis  fieri 
nemo  est  qui  nesciat.  Quod  enim  dignum  judicatis 
The  abbot's  fratres  nostros  Cantuarienses  dictas  reliqui&s  divi  Dun- 

iBst  Slices*  . 

tionis         stani   celare   debere,  ineptum  certe   ac   mmus   prudens 

wanton  and  .  -T .    /.     .  .    .    .       .       ^      . 

impertmeut.  consilium  cst,  quoniam  hi  fratres  nostn  in  jure  priores 
ac  potiores  existunt.  Pro  quarum  etiam  possessione 
jura  prsBSumunt,  propterea  quod  sanctus  ille,  dum  in 
humanis  agebat,  sedi  archiepiscopali  Cantuariensi  praB- 
fuit,  sepulturamque  sibi  in  ecclesia  sua  praeelegit;  ibi- 
que  realiter  sanctum  corpus  suum  humatum  fuisse  a 
vobis  non  negatur.  Quare  aequum  ac  justum  est  vos, 
qui  sine  aliquo  justo  titulo  hucusque  exhibito  hujus- 
modi  reliquias  possidere  prsetenditis,  usque  ad  realem 
tituli  exhibitionem  praetensas  apud  vos  reliquias  ab  aliis 
coli  minime  permittere.  Si  enim  haec  Dei  et  ecclesisD 
causa  non  esset,  baud  tantopere  contenderemus^  Ncun 
ob  pristinam  inter  nos  amicitiam  vos  monasteriumque 
vestrum  singulari  quadam  benevolentia  et  amore  pro- 
sequimur.  Eac  itaque  unica  duntaxat  causa  excepta, 
aliis  cunctis  in  rebus  vobis  pro  virili  nostra  cupimus 
libenter  gratificari.  Jura  equidem  et  ecdesisa  nostrae 
dignitatem  in  omnibus  quoad  possumus  fortiter  tueri 
et  conservare  astringimur.  Ut  hoc  igitur  negotium 
sequa  lance  trutinetur,  justo  exitu  potiatur,  omnimodsa 
ambiguitates,  scrupulus,  occasioque  scandali  prorsus  tol- 


BELIQULB  DUNSTANIAN^.  439 

latur,  vos  enixe  hortamur  ardenterque  requirimus,  ut  A.D.1603. 
scripta,  evidentias,  munimenta,  cseieraque  omnia  quse  HeisUdden 
titulo  in  hac  parte  vestro  suffittgari  videbimtur,  dtraMoiakSi^^^ 
Omnium    Sanctorum   solemnia   proximo   ventura    sinearc^uhop 
ulteriori  dilatione  in  medium  afferre  diligenter  curetis.  gainto'  Day. 
Quod  si  non  effeceritis,  hoc  unum  pro  certissimo  habe- 
tote,  nos  ubique  per  nostram  Cantuariensem  provinciam 
litteris  nostris  dedaraturos,  acriterque  injuncturos,  ne 
quis  hujusmodi  assertas  apud  vos  reUqnias  sub  excom- 
municationis    aliarumque^  ecclesiasticarum    censurarum 
poenis  deinoeps  venerari  aut  pro  veris  reliquiis  reputare 
prsesumat. 

Ex  Lambetha,  dedma  Julii,  anno  regni  Henrid  VIF. 
xxoiii<>.,  et  pontificatus  nostri  v*o. 


vin. 

FRAGMENTA  RITUALIA,  DE  DUNSTANO, 


I.  Oratio  ad  Dunstanum.^ 


AJ).  dr. 
1090. 

Piny  er  to 
Dunstan 
for  the 
countij. 


(MS.  Cotton,  Nero  A.  2.) 

O  indite  confes^pr  Christi,  O  candelabra  doctorque 
Angligena  gente,  O  bone  pastor  Dunstane,  altorque  to- 
tius  Albionis,  qui  es  sanator  diversorum  debilium  tuo 
tumulo  visitantium,  te  nunc  flagitamus  per  ilia  sancta 
merita  quae  te  ab  Altithrono  concesse  sunt,  ut  tuis  pre- 
cibus  Deo  flagitas,  ut  banc  patriam  ab  hostibus__eruat,^ 
nosque  a  nexu  criminis  solvat,  atque  ad  setemam  vitam 
perducat. 


II.  Ad  Dunstanum.* 


A  J),  cir. 
1020. 
Prayer  to 
DaDstaD. 


(MS.  Ashmole,  328.) 

Alleluia;  veni,  alme  Dunstane  ad  Christi  solium 
sanctum,  humilibus  et  tuis  deposce  famulis  regnum 
coeleste. 


*  rrom  a  MS.  written  very  early 
in  the  eleventh  century,  which  con- 
tains also  Athelstan's  prayer  for 
victory  and  a  hymn  to  S.  Ethelbert 


*  In  a  hand  of  the  eleventh  cen- 
tury, on  a  fly-leaf  of  Byrhtferth's 


book 
&c. 


**  de  Compotn  Latinonun," 


FRAOMENTA  RITUALIA. 


441 


III.  Hymnus  de  Sancto  Dunstano  episcopo. 

(MS.  Cotton,  Vespasian  D.  IS.y 

Ave,  Dunstane,  prsesulum 
Sidus  decusque  splendidum, 
Lux  vera  gentis  AnglicsB, 
Et  ad  Deum  dux*  prsevie. 

Tu  spes  tuorum  maxima, 
Dulcedo  necnon  intima, 
Spiralis  odorum  balsama 
Yitalium  mellifiua. 

Tibi,  pater,  nos  credimus, 
Qmbus  te  nil  jocundius, 
Ad  te  manus  expandimus, 
Tibi  preces  eflFimdimus. 

Oves  tuag,  pastor  pie, 
Passim  premunt  angustise, 
Mucrone  gentis  barbai'se 
T^ecamur  en  Christicolse. 

Offer  sacerdos  hostias 
Christo  precum  gratissimas, 
Quibus  placatus  eriminum 
Solvat  catenas  ferreas, 

Per  quas  Anglorum  terminis 
Ecdesiseque  filiis 
Et  nationes  perfidse 
Pestesque  cedant  noxise. 

Per  Te  Pater  spes  xinica, 
Per  Te  Proles  pax  unica, 
Et  Spiritus  Lux  unica, 
Adsit  nobis  in  ssecula.     Amen. 


A.D.  cir. 

loeo. 

Hymn  to 
Dunstan. 


Prayer  for 
help  afi;ainst 
the  Danes. 


*  This  hymn  is  printed  by  Dr. 
Henderson  from  a  Durham  MS., 
B.  iii.  S3  of  the  eleventh  centnry, 
with  an  interlinear  Anglo-Saxon 
gloes.  The  VeBpasian  MS.  is  about 


half  a  century  older  than  the  Dur- 
ham MS.  See  the  Latin  hymns  of 
the  Anglo-Saxon  church,  Surtees 
Soc.  1851,  pp.  vii.  ix.  98,  99. 


442 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


IV.  MissA  DE  Sancto  Dunstano.^ 

•  (MS.  CC.C.  828,  p.  75.) 

A.D.cir.  bens  pereiuiis  gloriae  rex  et  dator  piiasime,  dignare 
A  inafls  OD  ^  prsesentis  die!  gaudia  tuo  munere  illustrare,  in  qua 
day.  beatissimns   pontifex   Dunstanus   setemaa    lucis  gaudia 

meruit  introire,  per  Dominum. 
Dedit  Dominiis  confessionem  Sancto  Suo.' 
EvG.  Homo  quidam  peregre.* 

Secr'.  Hostiam  Tibi,  Domine  Deus,  nostrse  devotionis 
offerimus,  quam  tanto  benignius  qusesumus  acdpias, 
quanto  eam  ecelesia  Tua  in  veneratione  pontificis  Tui 
Dunstani  diligentius  commendat.    Per. 

Prefatio. 

O  .^teme  Deus,  Qm  beatum  Dunstanum  multiplici 
virtutum  gratia  ditasti,  et  hodiema  die  gratiam  pro 
gratia  tribuisti,  ut  sicut  indefessus  Tui  extitit  semper 
amator,  ita  sit  beatissimse  visionis  Tuse  assiduus  con- 
templator;  et  quern  in  ecdesia  Tua  fidelem  fecisti  pa- 
riter  et  prudentem,  nimc  super  omnia  bona  Tua  con- 
stitutum,  beata  facis  jocunditate  Isetantem.  Precamur 
itaque  omnipotentem  clementiam  Tuam,  ut  nos  ejus 
mentis  a  peccatorum  nexibus  absolutos,  in  sancta  pro- 
fessione  confirmatos,  ad  illam  coelestis  regni  gloriam 
facias  pervenire,  ad  quam  ipse  perveniens  audivit  Euge 
serve  bone,  per  Christum  Dominum. 

POSTCOMMUNIO. 

Assit  nobis,  omnipotens  Deus,  beatissimi  pontificis  Tui 
Dunstani  jugis  oratio,  quae  nos  illius  misterii  partici- 
patione  dignos  efficiat,  in  quo  totius  humanse  salutis 
summa  consistit.     Per, 


>  From  the  CC.C.  MS.  of  Osbem. 
This  service  was  probably  composed 
by  Osbem  himself,  as  precentor  of 
Canterbury.    It  does  not  seem  to 


have  made  its  way  into  any  service 
book. 

'  Ecclesiasticas,  xlvii.  9. 

»  S.  Matt.  XXV.  14. 


FRAQMENTA  RITUALIA.  443 


Prosa  de  Sancto  Dunstano. 

Hodiema  Aevia  jesonent  gaudia  virtutmn  prseclara      -^^J*'- 
Opera  beato  Dunstano  collata  !  Mass  for  -- 

A  matris  utero  Deitatis  prseventus  gratia  day. 

Extra  mundum,  extra  mundi  mente  transivit  omnia; 
Salvatoris  monita  audiens  salubria  ejus   ad   vestigia 

cum  beata  sedebat  Maria. 
Unde   ardentissimo   flagrans   desiderio,  patriam  con- 

tinua  suspirabat  amoris  lacrima. 
Sacerdotis  honore  prseditus  angelicam 
E^t  vitam.  aigjns  a  puero  consecratam:  Becapituia- 

T  ^      r  X  J.  tionofhia 

Lumen  extmctum  non  natus  reparat^  mindesand 

Virga  (temonum  efiugat  ^aterviT  ^'^ 

Sic  templi  suprema 

Transcendit  operta 

Et  angelico  ducatu  clausam  intrat  ecdesiam. 

Apostolica  fultus  prsesentia 

Suscepit  arma  futuri  prsesaga; 

Yergentem  machinam 

Prece  levat  sola; 

Hostis  et  invidos  conatus  verbere  dato  vacuat; 

Cithara  non  arte  percussa  cpnsonam 

Reddit  symphoniam,  in  viri  gloriam. 

Novi  regis  prima, 

Alius  extrema, 

Voce  diva  agnovit  temporal 

Supemos  psallentes  spiritus  et  vota 

Factori  solventes  audivit  talia. 

KyrieleysonI  Christeleyson !  Cum  quis  sua  jam 
miscet  cantica,  Dunstane  vivens  in  saecula  pro  servis 
exora,  Qui  te  collaudantes  devota  persolvunt  jubila, 
Ac  pro  universa  per  orbem  diffiisa  Christi  tecclesia. 


444  VITA  SANCTI  DXTNSTANI. 

V.  MissA  Sancti  Dunstani  episcopi  et  conpessobis. 

1.  (Missale  SarisbuTiense.*) 

The  Haas  on     8i  Dommiea  fuerit,  ad  processionem,   in  iempore  Paeehali, 
d^^^coid?  ^*  Filia9  Jernsalem ;  alio  tempore  amni,  B.  Miles  Christi.    In 
m^asliB-  ^^^^^^  chori  de  Sancta  2£a/ria,  et  dicitw  ahsque  veraibus. 
hurj.  OiTiciuu.  Sacerdotes  Tni,  Domine,  indnant  justitiaiKi  et  sancti 

Tai  exultant ;  propter  David  servum  Tunm  non  avertas  faciem 
Christi  Tni.    Alleluia. 

Fs.  Memento,  Domine,  David  et  omnis  mansuetudinis  ejus. 

Cantus  de  Kyrie  rex  splendens,  eine  vergibua, 

Okatio.  Deus  Qui  beatum  Dunstanum  pontificem  Tuum  ad 
regna  transtulit  coelestia,  da  nobis  per  gloriosa  ejus  merita 
ad  gaudia  transire  perennia.    Per. 

Epistoia.  Ecoe  sacerdos. 

Gr.  Juravit,  Alleluia.     - 

Y.  Fosui  adjutorium.    Sequsntia  de  eommuni, 

EvANG.  Homo  quidam  peregre. 

In  tempore  PascTiaU,  Eyakg.  Ego  sum  vitis  vera.  Opf.  In- 
veni  David. 

Bece.  Suscipe  quaasumus,  Domine,  munera  supplicantis  fa- 
milifls  Tuae,  quea  Tibi  in  beati  Dunstani  confessoris  Tui  atquQ 
pontificis  Bolenmitate  deferimus,  preoantes  ut,  ejus  patrocinio 
vendrando  adjuti,  defendi  mereamur  ab  omnium  inimicorum 
insidiis.    Per  Dominum. 

CoMicuiao.  Domine,  quinque. 

FosTCOMHUifio.  Beati  Dunstani  confessoris  Tui  atque  pon- 
tificis  quadsumus  Domine  deprecatione  nos  adjuva,  in  cujns 
veneratione  Tua  contingimus  sacramenta. 

2.  (Missale  EboracenBe-.) 

Aooordinffto       OffICIUK.   Statuit. 
tiwuaeof  Oeatio.  Da  quSBSUmus. 

Epistola.  Ecce  sacerdos.  Alleluia. 

YEB8T7S.  Surrexit  Christus  Qui  creavit  omnia  et  misertus  est 
humane  generi ;  vel  de  Aeceneione, 

EvAXGELiiTM.  Homo  quidam  peregre. 

Oppr.  Inveni  David. 

Yebsus.  Beatus  servus. 

8i  e9stra  tempus  Paachale  evenerU  tunc  dicaiur,  G&.  Juravit 
Dominus. 

1  MSS.  Laud,  302,  HattOD,  1,  Barlow,  6;   edd.  Yenice,  1494  ;   Paris, 
1515  ;  Rouen,  1521  ;  1557. 
s  Ed.  Paris,  1583. 


FRAQMENTA  BITUALIA. 


445 


8.  (Missale  Herfi)id.O 

Oppicitm.  Sanoti  Ttd  Domine. 

Oratio.  Deas  Qai  beatum  Daostanam  pontificem  ad  regna  TheMaoBon 
tranatnlistl  ccBlestia,  da  nobis  per  gloriosa  ejus  merita  ad  dik^Mco^-' 
gandia  transire  perennia.    Per.  *°**?ct®««- 

Epistola.  Ecce  sacerdos.  ford. 

Gb.  Allislaia. 

V.  Postd  adjutoriuiQ. 

H.  Alleluia.    De  Pasca, 

Eyaitge.  Homo  quidam  peregpre. 

Oppb.  Inveni  David. 

Secb.  Intercessio  qusBSumus  Domine  beati  Dunstani  haec  Tibi 
commendet  monera,  pro  cujus  Tibi  sunt  commemoratione 
oblata.    Per  Dominmn. 

CoMHtTNio.  Domine  quinque  talenta. 

PosTCOHMUNio.  Sompta  sacramenta  qusasumus  Domine  nos 
a  peccatds  absolvant^  et  per  beati  antistitis  Dunstani  suffragia 
ad  coelos  i>erducant.    Per  Dominum. 


VI.   HORiES  SaNCTI  DUN3TANI  EPISCOPI  ET  CONFESSORIS. 

1.  (Brer.  Sarisb.  Bonen,  1492.) 

ScmcH  DwMicmi  episcopi  et  eonfessoris  ix»  tecUones  fiant,  SS?*''© 

Obatio.  Deus  qui  beatum  Dunstanum  pontifioem  Tuum  ad  s.punstan's 
regna  transtnlisti  coelestia,  da  nobis  per  gloriosa  ejus  merita  uie 'lue^ 
ad  gaudia  transire  perennia.    Per  Do SaMibury^ 

8i  hoc  festum,  Saneii  Aldelum  vel  Sancti  Augustmi  veL  8a/ncH 
Edmwndi  vel  Sancti  Bamahoe  apoatoli,  arUe  PerUhecoeten  evenerit, 
fiant  tree  lectiones  cum  regimvne  chori,  cum  omma  fiant  de  com' 
muni  acMciorum  Paschalie  temporie.  8i  veto  post  Pewthecoaien 
evenerU,  fiant  novem  UcHonea,  Et  coBtera  omnia  fi^ant  de  com^ 
nmni  reUqui  temporis. 

Lectio  I.  Beatus '  Dunstanus  talibus  parentibus  ortus  claruit, 
quales  badouIo  exemptos  inter  cHoros  conspicere  mereretur 
angelorum.  Natus  yero  puer  Dunstanus  in  SanctsB  Trinitatis 
nomine  baptizatur-  et  postmodom  Htterarum  studiis  traditus 
est. 

Lectio  II.'  Oumque  jam  in  Dei  seryitio  adolevisset,  Dorober- 
nensi  archiepisoopo  Aldelino  patruo  scilicet  suo  accessit,  in 


1  Ed.  BoiMn,  1502. 
^Beatus   .  .  .    angelorum]  See 
Adelard,  aboye,  p.  54. 


"  Abridged  fropi  Adelard,  pp.  55, 


56. 


446 


VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANr. 


Hounof  cujas  moribns  cum  eidem  arohiepisoopo  complacoisset,  regi 
aoM^ngto  Sthelstano  cum  omni  affectn  ab  eodem  archiepiscopo  commen- 
Su^        datus  est. 

L£CTio  III.*  Beatus  vero  Donstanns  tempore  Edmimdi  regis 
filii  Ethelstani  monachns  et  abbas  Glastoniss  effecttLs,  monacho- 
mm  ibi  scholam  primns  instituit,  et  ita  vorbo  et  opere  coUa- 
boravit.  Et  sicat  de  cereo  prsBgnantis  ejus  genetricis  cstero- 
rnmque  per  totam  ecclesiam  cerei  faerant  accensi,  ita  per  enm 
ex  boc  loco  norma  religionis  monasticaa  toto  Anglorom  diffusa 
est  orbe. 

Lectio  UII.^  Cumque  prsefatoregi  natus  esset  filius  qui  in 

baptismate  dictus   est  Edgarus,  beatus  Dunstanus  divinis  in- 

tendens  audivit  psallentium  vocem,  "Paz  Anglorum  ecclesies 

*'  nati  nunc  pueri,  et  nostri  Dunstani  tempore."    Quod  postea 

rerum  probavit  eventus.    Tu. 

L.  Y.'  Quodam  tempore  praesente  Sancto  Dunstano  trabs 

'       maxima  in  culmen  eoclesisB  erecta  mere  coepit  multis  miuans 

interitum.     Quam   Dunstanus    deztera   manu   signum   crucis 

faciens  relevat.    Huno  etiam  quadam  nocte  orantem  dyabolus 

•  in  ursi  effigie  aggreditur;  et  cambucam  cui  vir  Dei  inniteba- 

batur,  de  manibus  ejus  dentibus  suis  auferre  conabatur;  sed 

yir  Dei  imperterritus  cambucam  leyat,  et  horrendum  monstrum 

csBdendo  insequitur.     Et  dum  psallebat  '*  Exurgat   Deus    et 

**  dissipentur  inimici  Ejus/'  informe  fantasma  evanuit.     Tu 

autem. 

L.  YI.'  Edgarus,  in  regni  solio  sublimatus,  regnum  in  pace 
gubemavit,  et  Dunstanum  abbatem  fecit  epyscopum  Wjgor- 
nensem.  Adauotoque  ei  Londoniensis  ecclesisB  praesulatu,  ge- 
mino  claruit  insignitus  pontificio.  Post  bsBC  vero  arcbiepisco- 
pus  Dorobemensis  omni  consensu  effectus  est.  Hic^  etiam 
beatus  Dunstanus  Spiritum  Sanctum  in  specie  columbas  bis 
videro  meruit;  et  angelos  Dei  modulantes  et  dicentes,  "Kyrie 
"  eleyson,  Ohriste  eleyson,  Kyrie  eleyson/*  in  laude  Trini- 
tatis  audivit,  atque  cytbaram  suam  parieti  adhserentem  an- 
gelicis  manibus  resonare  antipbonam,  "  Gaudent  in  ccelis  animaa 
"sanctorum/'  solus  veraciter  intellexit.  Yixit  itaque  beatus 
Dunstanus  septem  regum  temporibus,  'dieque  vocationis  suce 
imminente  ecclesiam  sibi  commissam  Deo  commendayit. 
£t  sumtpo  Sacramento  corporis  Domini,  inter  verba  orationis 


^  Abridged  from  Adelard,  p.  56. 
'  Adelard,  p.  59. 
s  Adelard,  p.  60. 


^  Hie  ttiam,  ^c]  Adelard,  pp.  62, 


63. 


*  dieque']  Adelard,  pp.  65,  66. 


FEAQMEKTA  RITUALU.  447 

spiritnm  ia  manns  Creatoris  reddidit,  et  in  pace   requiescit.  Hours  of 
Tu  antem. 

Tree  ultimoB  leetiones  de  expontione  Evangelii,  Homo  qnidam 
peregre.  Ccstera  omnia  de  eommwni  unwe  eonfeeeorie  et  ponti' 
fide, 

2.  (Brer.  Eborac.  MS  Laad,  84.) 
Ad  Ybspbras,  Antiphona  Alleluia  pertinene  ad  feriam  cum  ff^'^^^^  ^ 

I       Jt      •    TT  'no  tl90  01 

proexe  fencutbue.  York. 

Cap.  Ecce  sacerdos. . 

Y.  Iste  confessor. 

YfiBSic.  Amavit. 

In  ebdomade  Aeceneionie,  Confessor  Domini. 

Obatio.  Da  queasnmns  ut  in  com/muni. 

Ad  maiutin,  Ikyitatobiuk.  Ezultent. 

P.  Yenite. 

Y.  Iste  confessor. 

Ik  Noctobvis  antipTuma  Alleluia  III.   Ps.  Beatus  yir.     P. 
Qnare  fre.    P.  Domine  quid  vult.    Yebsic.  Amayit. 
Lectio  P.* 

SanctuB    antistes  Dunstanus    tam   Sanctis   parentibus   ortus  ^ 

claruit,  ut  eos  ssbcuIo  exemptos  inter  chores  conspicere  merere- 
tur  angelicos.  Natus  ergo  puer  Dei  sacro  e  lavacro  intinc- 
tus  et  GlastonisB  dirixio  servitio  mancipatur.  Cumque  jam  flos 
adolescentisB  in  annis  adolesceret,  de  Glastonia  egressus  archi- 
episcopo  Dorobemensi  Aldelmo  patruo  scilicet  suo  se  junxit. 
In  quo  idem  pontifex  gratiam  Dei  admirans,  in  palatio  eum 
prcesentayit,  et  regi  Adelstano  in  magno  affectu  commendayit. 
A  quo  diyersis  honoribus  sublimatus  locum  quoque  in  quo 
educatus  est  Dei  inforraandum  seryitio  suscepit,  ubi  monachus 
et  abbas  effectas  monachorum  ibi  scolam  primus  instruere 
ccepit.  Cujus  studio  sic  sancta  inibi  excreyit  rel\gio,  ut  per 
eum  ex  hoc  loco  culmen  religion  is  monaefticaa  toto  Anglorum 
•orbe  diffusum  sit. 

Besf.  Enge  serye. 
Lectio  II'.' 

Bex  autem  Eadganu  regno  confirmatus  beatum  Dunstanum 
in  episcopatu  Wigomiensis  ecdesiaa  promoyit.  In  cajus  ordi- 
natione  cum  Odo  archiepiscopus  officium  rite  perageret,  eum 
ecclesisB  metropolis  Dorobemensis  cunctis  admirantibus  titula- 
yit.  Super  quo  a  ciroumstantibus  modoste  redargutus,  "  Scio/' 
inquit,  "  karissimi,  quid  loquatur  in  me  Dens."    Adaucto  ei  de- 


1  Adelard,  pp.  54,  55,  56.  |     >  Adelard,  pp.  60,  61,  62. 


448  VITA  SANCn  dxjnstani. 

Hours  of  inde  ecolesiae  Londoniensis  praasulatu,  gemini  pontifloatuB  ola- 
aooording  to*  i^^  insigni.  Prsadicto  vero  archiepiscopo  patribus  snis  appo- 
YotIe^  sito,  cnm  eleotione  totius  ecclesisB  in  cathedra  archiepisoopatiu 
suocessit,  coi  earn  olim  Spiritua  Saactus  tdtnlayit.  Beato  vero 
Adelwaldo  Wyntonia)'  episcopo,  a  bo  olim  edacatoi  et  ante  ae 
ad  ccBlestia  regna  pr»misso,  ei  per  Tisom  beatos  aetitit  An- 
dreas apostoluB,  hoc  oraculo  nsus,  ''Abbatem  nomine  Elphe- 
"  gum  Wyntonisd  consecrabis  episcopam."  Hi:gti8modi  yisio- 
nibus  beatus  pater  dignisBimus  Spiritum  qnoque  Sanctum 
velud  alter  Johannes  in  specie  columbsa  bis  yidere  promeruit. 

Besf.  Ecce  sacerdoB.  * 

Lectio  m.^ 
.  Die  itaque  vocationis  ^'ns  imminente  coQimissam  sibi  eccle- 
siam  Deo  aasignayit,  yerbo  instruzitj  atque  auctoritate  apo- 
stolica  a  peccatis  omnibus  absolyit.  Deinde  commissa  omnibus 
pace  et  caritate  sua  yale  ultimum  dixit.  Ipsa  yero  did  Do- 
minicffi  Ascensionis  coepit  lente  yiribus  destitui,  languoreque 
praayalesoente,  lectulo  suscipitur,  in  quo  tota  sexta  feria  oum 
nocte  sequenti  decumbens  mane  Sabbati  ympnis  jam  matuti- 
nalibus  peractis,  sanctam  adesse  jubet  fratrum  congregationem. 
Quibus  iterum  spiritum  commendansi  yiaticum  sacramentorum 
Ghristi  suscepit :  undo  gratias  agens  Deo  psallere  ccepit, 
**  Memoriam  fecit  mirabilium  suorum  misericors  et  miserator 
<'  Dominus ;  esoam  dedit  timentibus  Se."  Inter  quad  yerba 
spiritrun  in  manibus  Creatoris  reddens  in  pace  quieyit. 

Besf.  Agmina  sa. 

Yebsic.  Ora  pro  no. 

In  laudibus  et  ad  alias  Jioras  a^phoncB  Alleluiaticsd ;  ciBiera 
de  communi  uniue  Confesaoria  Pontificis,  Isto  modo  dicaiur  da 
eo  ei  a/rde  Ascenaionem  evenerit,  8i  vero  post  festum  SancUs  Tri- 
nitatia  evenerUf  dicatur  de  eo  cum  tribua  lectionibua,  aicut  de  una 
confeaaore  j^ontifice  extra  temptia  Paachale. 

3.  (Breviariam  Herford.    Bouen,  1505.) 

Aosordingto     J»  Feato  Scuncti  Bunstam,i  archiepiacopi, 
H^^^         Obatio.  Deus   qui   beatum  Dunstanum  pontificem  ad  regna 
coelestia  transtulisti,  da  nobis    per   gloriosa   ejus   merita  ad 
gaudia  transire  perennia.    Per  Dominum. 
Trea  Leetionea  fiant  aine  regimine  ehori. 
Lectio  Pbiua.'  Sanctus  antistes  Dunstanus  tarn  Sanctis  pa- 
rentibus  ortus  claruit,  ut  eos  ssbouIo  exemptos  inter  chores 
conspicere  mereretur  angelicos;   ipso  autem  matemis  retento 

>.  Adelard,  pp.  65,  €6.  |     '  Adelaid,  p.  64. 


FRAGMENTA  RITUALU.  449 

yisceribm,  de  prsasentato   pnero  Jesu  in  templo  dies  illnxit  Hoon  of 
Celebris.    Tn  antem.  aooordinffto 

Lectio  Sscukda.'  Natns  ergo  pner  Dei  sacro  est  lavacro  in-  ^n^iSf. 
tinotas,  et.  Glastoniie  divino  servitio  maucipaius.    Cnmque  jam 
flos  adolescentisd  in  annis  adolesceret,  de  Glastonia  egressus 
archyepisoopo  Dorobemensi  patamo  suo  Aldelmo  se  junxit.    Tu 
autem.  -  * 

Lscno  III.'  Hanc  nocte  qnadam  orantem  dyabolus  in  nrsi 
e£Sgie  aggreditnr,  et  cambucam  brachiis  compleians  frendens. 
dentibns  et  ore  de  manibas  sancti  anferre  oonatos  est.  In 
quern  vir  Dei  imperterritas  insurgens  horrendam  znonstmm 
cnm  cambnca  oaadendo  persequitnr.  £t  eo  psallente  "Exnrgat 
"  Deus  et  dissipentur  inimici  Ejas/'  p&r  subdola  bestiamm 
transformata  eyannit. 

Et  coBtera  de  communi  uniue  paniiJicU  isUu$  temporie. 

4.  (M&  BodL  e  Mns.  2.) 

Obitio.  Dens  qui  beatam  Dunstannm  pontificem  tunm  ad  Another 
regna  transtalisti  coelestia,  da  nobis ' per  gloriosa  ejus  merita ^SStao^ 
ad  regna  transire  perbennia.    Per        •        .        •        .  JSe**"**? 

Si  hoc  fetifwm,  vtl  Sancti  Aldelmi  vel  Sa  cti  Augudini  veZ  Salisbury. 
Someti  BamdbcB  apostoli  a/nte  Pentecosten  evenerit,  fiat  de  com* 
mtmi  8aneton4m  Paechalie  iemporis.    Si  vero  post  PenUcosten 
coniigerit,  fiamt  iz.  leetumee,  et  omnia  fi^cmt  de  communi  reltqui 
temporie, 

Lscno  I.'  Beatns  Dnnstanns  talibns  parentibns  ortns  clamit, 
qnales  seecnlo  ezemptos  inter  cboros  conspicere  mereretnr  an- 
gelornm.  Natns  vero  pner  Danstanns  in  Sanctee  Trinitatis 
nomine  baptizatnr,  et  litterarum  postmodum  studiis  traditnr. 

Lectio  II.**  Cnmque  jam  in  Dei  servitio  adolevisSet,  Doro- 
bemensi arohiepiscopo  Aldelmo  patruo  suo  accessit.  In  crgus 
moribus  cum  eidem  pontifici  complacuisset,  regi  Athelstano 
ab  eodem  est  prsBsentatus,  et  cum  omni  affectu  est  commen- 
datus. 

Lectio  III.*  Beatns  vero  Dunstanus  monacbus  et  abbas  Glas- 
toni89  effectuB,  monacborum  ibi  scolam  instituit,  et  verbo  et 
opere  informavit,  ita  ut  per  eum  norma  religionis  monasticas 
toto  Anglorom  diffiisa  est  orbe. 

Lectio  IY^.*  Cnmque  pr»fato  regi  natus  esset  filius  qui  in 
baptismate   diotus    est   Edgarus,    Sanctus    Dunstanus   divinis 


>  Adelard,  pp.  54,  55. 
'  Adelard,  p.  59. 
*  Adelard,  p.  54. 


^  Adelard,  p.  55. 
'  Adelard,  p.  56. 


F  I 


460  VITA  SANCri  DUNSTANI. 

Houn  of      intendens  andivit  vocem  psallentiam  in  snblimi,  "  Paz  Anglo- 
8.Dun8tMi.  t,  ^^^^^^^  ecclesiae  nati  nunc  pueri  et  nostri  Donstani  tempore;'* 
qnod  postea  rei  probayit  eventns. 

Lectio  Y**.^  Postea  vero  regni  solio  Edganis  sublimatns, 
regni  negotia  in  pace,  sicnt  cGslitus  promissnm  est,  disponente, 
Bapientum  consilio  beatum  Dnnstannm  de  abbate  episcopum 
fecit  in  Wygomensi  ecclesia,  quod  et  diyinitos  oollatum  sibi 
ftiisse  creditur. 

Lectio  YI'.'  Htinc  qnadam  nocte  orantem  in  nrsi  effigiem 
diaboluB  aggpi^ditnr.  Cui  yir  Dei  inpeiiierritus  resistens,  hor- 
rendum  monstrum  vi  casdendo  inseqnitnr.  Et  diun  psallebat, 
*'  Exsurgat^  Dens  et  dissipentnr  inimici  Ejus/'  et  formao  &n- 
taama  evanuit. 

Tree  LeeHonea  uUi/nuB  de  ex^sUione  EvangeUi,  Homo  quidam 
peregre.  Costera  de  eommuni  uniua  confessoris  et  pontificie. 


VII.  Okatio  Anselmi  ad  Sanctitm  Dunstanum,  cum 

RECORDATIONE  MD5LACU3.0RUM  EJUS. 
(Open,  ed.  Gerbeion,  pp.  297-299.) 

s.Aiiaeim'8       Saucte  Dimstane,  dulds  ad  invocandum  et  benignus 

Bud^Ll     ad   exaudiendum,    plus   ad   subveniendum ;   tu  ad    te 

fugientibus  nunquam  incertum  refagium,  tu  ad  te  cla- 

mantibus   nunquam   imparatum    auxilium ;    sancte,  be- 

nigne  ac  pie  Dimstane,  respice  miseriam  animsd  mese: 

si  enim  respexeris,  si  calamitatem   meam    et   miseriam 

attenderis,  profecto  mi^ericordifie  tuse  viiK^era  non  oon- 

tinebis.     Timore,   tremore,   horrore,    excruciatur   anima 

mea;   timet,  tremit,  et  exhorret  immania  quae  meretur 

supplicia,  et  non  est  quo  efiugiat  constituta  ante  judi- 

cem.      Sola  assistit,   nullus   qui   pro   ea    agat    existit. 

Vita  discutitur,  damnabilis  invenitur,  bona  etenim  acta 

requiruntur,    vix    aut    nulla    reperiuntur.      Deferuntur 

admissa ;  negari  non  possunt  tam  multa  et  tam  grandia 

quae  omnem  veniae  spem  exeludunt.     Longanimem  sui 

patientiam  judex  exigendo  praetendit;  nihU  nisi  perti- 

nacem   sui   impoenitentiam  ista  obtendit.     Circum  sis- 

>  Adelard,  p.  60.  |     «  Adelard,  p.  69. 


FEAQMENTA  RTTUALIA.  451 

tunt  accusantes,  itexant  et  reiter&nt,  replicant  et  expli-  s.AiiMim'8 
cant  delatas  accusationes.  Undique  accusatur^  a  nulloBwi^. 
excusatur.  Astant  et  expectant  crudeles  ac  horrendi 
tortores  ut  probata  damnationis  sentontia  mox  earn  ad 
cruciandum  abripiant.  Tanta  miseriaram  mole  obruta 
miserabilis  anima  qusBrit  et  cireumspicit ;  et  ecce  qui 
consurgat  et  pro  ea  respondeat  nullum  aspidt. 

Tu  ergo  pie^  misericors  et  clemens  Dunstaae^  surges 
surge,  exhibe  soUtam  opem  miserationis,  adhibe  viscera 
pietatis^  impende  suffiragium  interventionis ;  ad  te  cla« 
mandum  invitabant  et  exbortabantur  opera  pietatis 
quse  de  te  prsedicantur ;  sed  repellunt  ac  obtundunt  opera 
impietatis,  quse  a  me  commissa  a  te  horrore  intolera- 
bili  abominantur  atque  exsecrantur.  Ecce  miseria^  ecce 
angustia,  ubi  reus  condemnatur,  et  omnis  Dei  miseri- 
cordise  ac  pietatis  sinus-  obseratur ;  sic  arguitur,  con* 
fuBdituTi  obtunditur^  accusatrice  consdentia^  ut  nee 
jiidicem  deprecari  audeat,  nee  qui  deprecetur  pro  ea: 
sed  tu,  O  misericors  et  pie,  ubi  pietas,  ubi  miseratio, 
ubi  misericordia>  nisi  ubi  miseria  ?  Cui  pius,  cui  mise* 
ricors  fies  nisi  misero  ?  Agnosco,  agnosco^  agnosco, 
agnoscens  obmutescOi  intentans  enormitatem  criminum 
meorum ;  attamen  quanto  major  miseria>  tanto  fit  prse- 
dicabilior  misericordia ;  nee  miseria  mea  tanta  erit,  ut 
defidens  fiat  potentia  tuse  virtutis.  An  eo  usque  am- 
plificatur  miseria  mea  ut  angustetur  misericordia  tua? 
An  invalitudo  mea  prseponderabit  potentissima  merita 
tua?  Immo  meritorum  tuorum  prseponderans  gratia 
sustollat,  leviget  ac  evacuet  impietatum  mearum  pon- 
dera.  labentissime  tibi  Judex  Ipse  donabit  quidquid 
tua  tarn  dilecta  et  cara  Eum  familiaritas  postulabit: 
non  negabit  tibi  imius  salutem  miseri,  Salus  Ipsa  Cui 
tarn  familiaris  existis:  facile  reddet  tibi  unius  mortui 
vitam  Vita  Ipsa  apud  Quam  tantam  babes  gratiam. 

Ne  defidat,  quseso,  in  me  uno  tu£B  benignitatis 
munific^ntia,  cujus  in  multis  et  tam  innumeris  redun* 
dant  beneficia.    Obtineam  per  te  indulgentiam  ut  tam 

F  F  2 


452  VITA  SANCn  DUNSTANI. 

8.Aiiidm*8  dilecti  et  diligentis  Dei  ac  Pomini  tui  in  omnes  prae- 
^01^.  dicent  ac  magnificent  misericordiam.  O  qnam  preedi- 
candis  monstrabat  Dens  indidis  quantum  Ei  tu  gratus 
esses  ac  familiaris !  0  insestimabilis  cordis  tui  puritas, 
cum  qua  tarn  crebro  sermocinabantur  angeli  Dei !  O 
insestimabilis  apud  Deum  familiaritas,  ciii  sie  fiamiliaris 
erat  angelorum  dignitas !  O  decus  ^  ac  prsemium  virgi* 
nitatis,  cui  sic  adgaudet  natura  angelicee  dignitatis  !  In 
coelum  deducebaris,  intereras  beatis  agminibus  illorum> 
oblectabaris  modulationibus  angelicis,'  cantons  cum  illis 
canticum  quod  solus  cantat  chorus  virginalis.  Rursus  tibi 
in  terns  hynmum  celebranti  vidsaim  aderat  et  oonsona- 
bat  melodia  ooelestis:  concinebant  agmina  virginitatis» 
summa  dignitas  supem^B  civitatis.  Foteiis  ac  prsBpotens 
gratia,  cui  sic  obsequens  erat  dignitatis  angelicse  poten- 
tia  I  Excellens  ac  prsecellens  meriti  eminentia,  quam  sibi 
acceptam,  sic  pretiosam  divina  monstrabat  superexcel- 
lentia.  Nunquam  ergo  quam  dilecti,  tarn  familiaris  sui 
precem  avertet,  ut  reo  uni  veniam  non  donet.  Deni- 
que  Ipse  testatur  quoniam  non  vult  ut  peccator  mo- 
riatur:  libenter  itaque  animse  peccatrici  salutem  dabit 
cujus  testatur  Se  noUe  mortem. 

Rursus  occurrunt  spes  et  confidentia  ereptionis  mea3 
apud  Ipsum  Judicem,  insignia  familiaritatis  tuse.  Quos 
enim  prsenuntios,  quos  apparitores  ad  te  prsemisit^  cum 
directam  tuam  beatam  animam  jam  came  abituram. 
Ilium  adituram,  ac  Sectmi  permansuram  adjudicavit? 
ne  ullo  metu  terreretur,  stupore  turbaretur,  incertitu- 
dine  soUicitaretur,  dies  prsedicitur,  setem^  beatitudinis 
mansio  promittitur,  ducatus  curiae  -  coelestis  adducitur, 
a  quo  hilari  securitate  ac  secura  hilaritate  perducitur. 
Quanta  et  O  quanta,  quali  et  O  quali  susdpitur  ex- 
sultatione,  qui  cum  tali  ac  tanta  deducitur  apparitione ! 
quantum  jocundatur  et  glorificatur  susceptus  cujus  sic 
honorificatur  adventus  ?    quanta    denique    veneratione, 


*  See  Osbern,  p.  119,  whence  the  I      '  This  is  word  for  word    from 
words  seem  to  be  taken.  |  Osbern,  above,  p.  117. 


FEAGMENTA  RTTUALIA.  453 

Quanta  grlorificationis  exhibitione  fit   ipsa  annuntiatio  s.  Anseim's 

,    ,  ,    ,  pnjer  to 

migrationis  tusB  ?  Per  visum  tibi  sedenti  in  cathedra  t^unstm. 
tua  pontificali  ^  astans  et  circumstans  angelorum  fre- 
quentia,  supemorom  civium  curia;  quBBrit  a  te  quoad 
tibi  placeat  commorari  in  came  ista;  refert  nuntium, 
indicat  votum  totius  supemse  concionis  optantis,  oran- 
tis  ac  deprecantis,  ut  jam  cum  eis  ante  summum  ponti- 
ficem  perpetuum  Sanctus  decantes  in  codis.  Bespondisti 
te  nunc  non  posse  abire ;  quia  Dominicse  Ascensionis 
,  aderat  festum^  in  quo  allocuturus  et  communicaturus 
eras  commissum  tibi  populum.  Fit  concessio  justse  et 
caritativse  excusationis ;  indicitur  dies  in  qua  nulla 
occurreret  causa  dilationis. 

O  insignis  et  admirabilis  gratia  familiaritatis^  cujus 
solius  voluntatis  totius  supemse  dignitatis  votum  ac 
voluntas  cedit !  Concedit  dilationem  Sui  ne  hujus 
non  habeat  adimpletionem ;  quod  non  vult,  iUa  fieri 
mavult  quam  ne  non  fiat  quod  ista  vult.  Quo  ergo 
amore  prsesentia  ejus  amatur  et  amplectitur  cujus  ab- 
sentia sic  desideratur  et  exspectatur!  Quod  a  Deo  gratise 
denum  accepit  in  coelis  tantum  gloria  munus  in  terris 
concessit !  Splendidus  in  stola  virginitatis  quam  vene- 
ranter  suscipitur  ad  nuptias  Agni !  Inter  primos  dis- 
cumbit,  quia  cum  decore  integritatis  induitur  virtu|;e 
humilitalis ;  prseditusque  gratia  caritatis  ac  totius  vir- 
tutis,  sequitur  Agnum  quocunque  vadit.  Quomodo 
ergo  tam  amatus,  tam  fSEkmiliaris  apud  Ipsum  Aucto- 
rem  salutis,  misericordise  ac  pietatis,  non  obtinebis 
salutem  imius  peccatoris^  si  voluntas  adest,  constat  quia 
possibilitas  non  deest;  nee  voluntatem  fas  est  abesse^ 
quia  te  voluntati  Ejus  fas  non  est  contrariunx  esse,  Qui 
omnes  homines  vult  salvos  facere.  Obtine  itaque  quod 
vis,  et  quod  potes  obtine :  liberetur  et  vivat  tua  inter- 
cessione  anima  mea.,  pro  qua  ut  viveret,  mori  voluit 
beata  Vita,  Deus  Ipso^  misericordia  mea,  Qui  est  . 
benedictus  in  ssecida.    Amen. 

>  See  OsberD,  p.  120.    The  word  cathtdra  looks  as  if  Anselm  had 
read  Eadmer's  account^  p.  217. 


454 


VITA  SANCn  DUNSTANL 


/ 


Sermon  in 

pniBeof 

IHmstan. 


YIII.  Sebmo  de  maxika  laude  Sancti  Dunstani 

ABCHIEPISCOPI  £T  CONFESSORIS. 
(MS.  C.C.C.C.  161.) 

Beatissimus  Dei  prsesul  Dunstanus^  cujus  laudes  pana 
paribus  copulando  succincte  digerere  juvat,  vere  multis 
et  egregiis  virtutibus  et  gratiis  atque  magnalibus,  mag- 
nis  felix  successibus,  omnium  justorum  spiritu  plenus, 
omnimoda  coelestium  ordinum  dignitate  prsefulgebai. 
Quae  ut  omnia  sigillatim  elucescant,  in  moribus  nimi- 
rum  quadrifida  principaUum  virtutum  quadriga,  id  est, 
prudentia,  justitia,  fortitudine,  temperantia,  cum  appen- 
dicibus  earum,  supra  sidera  efferebatur,  adeo  ut  totius 
humani  generis  prsefulgidum  sidus  non  immerito  vide- 
retur.  Quarum  omnium  mira  profectio,  si  in  ejus  vita 
Hifgmoea.  qusBiitur,  profecto  invenitur.  Speciosis  plane  renitebat 
gratiis,  qui  adeo  erat*et  forma  decorus  et  lingua  facun- 
dus,  ingenio  acutus,  memoria  tenax,  studio  pertinax, 
manu  efficax,  sdentiis  peritus,  cautela  discretus,  pro- 
phetia  praevidus,  prodigiis  mirificus.  Multiplici  quoque 
successu  prseter  coelestes  ejus  darificationes  felicissimus, 
utpote  a  puero  in  regum  palatiis  educatus,  principibus 
et  populis  unice  gratus,  per  ipsas  etiam  persecutiones 
prosperatus,  singulari  exemplo  gemini  simul  episcopatus 
episcopus  unus,  deinde  etiam  omnium  Angliae  ecclesia- 
rum  principalis  pastor  et  patriae  rector  et  regum  im- 
perator,  pontificali  simulque  regali  officio  strenuissime 
functus.  In  signum  autem  signorum  mirificentia  prse- 
ditus,  a  Deo  quidem  Patre  coelestium  et  terrenarum 
rerum  revelationibus,  aliisque  prodigiis  multifarie  glo- 
rificatus,  Filii  Dei  in  coelis  et  Spiritus  Sancti  in  terns 
iterato  visu  donatus,  a  divina  matre  pnesentia  ejus  et 
cantu,  visu  et  auditu,  processione  et  obsequio,  ab  an- 
gelis  quoque  caBterisque  Sanctis  in  ccelo  et  in  terra  sin- 
gulari gloria  dilectus,  frequentatus,  adjutus,  veneratus; 
ab  hominibus  reventus,  daemonibus  formidatus,  in  caete- 
ras  etiam  creaturas  imperiosus.    Carminum  coelestium 


Hisioo- 


His  signs 
fend  won* 
den. 


FBAGMENTA  RITUALIA.  455 

in  coelis   et  in   terris   auditor  et  cantor,  disdpulus   et  Hisngns 
doctor,  qui  quod  coelicolae   eum  docebant,  homines  do-  denT"**' 
cebat;   qui  angelis  canebat,  et  cui  angeli  canebant,  et 
ipaius  dthara  citharizabant ;  sancti  applaudebant,  et  ipsa 
virgo  yirginum   cum   suis  virginibus  dulcissime  canta- 
bat.     Yates  futurorum,  invisibilium  spectator,  poli  de-  His  high 
ambulator,  ipse  quoqu^  corpore  in  alta  sublatus.     Suf-  aadp^^. 
fra^tor   hominum,   tortor    dsemonum,    dampnandarum 
liberator  animarum,  jussor   creaijurarum,  mutator  natu- 
rarum.     Ad  cujus  obsequium  subvolabant  pondera,  aer  hu  power 
tulit   pondera,    cedebant   inmobilia,   inundabant  arida,  e^enu. 
moUiebantur   dura,    loquebantur   muta   et  insensibilia. 
Jam  vero  quod  omnium  justorum  spiritu  plenus  daruit 
ex   subjectis   liquebit.     Ab  utero   sanctificatus   est    ut 
Jeremias,  et  miraculo  prsesignatus   ut   Johannes;  cum  Hisiiken«» 
Petro   a  Petra,   et   monte   qui  Christus   est,  divinitus  tSe'iip^t. 
nomen  trahens :  et  ut  Christi  imitator  in  templum  prse-  ss.  j^itna 
sentatus,  sicut  ille  Symeonis  prophetico,  sic  iste  ange-  Sma.and  ^^' 
lid  senis  prsedicatus  oraculo.     Ut  virgo  Juliana  atque  •*'•**''*• 
Christiana  daemones  domabat,  eosque  ut  Martinus  visi* 
bus  suis  et  prseterea  verbis  atque  verberibus  subjectos 
habebat.     Sanctae  armonise  musicus  Daviticus,  et  sicut 
Salomon  artifidosus.      Sicut  Davit  ab  invidis,  et  utTo  David. 
Helyas  a  tirannis  et  altera  Jezabel  pro  justitia  perse-  two^ohL, 
cutionem  passus.     Sicut  Helyas  a  corvis   in   vita  sus-ands^Bone- 
tentatus,  sic  iste  a  canibus  de  morte  liberatus.     Sicut 
Johannes  Evangelista  salubri  segritudine  ad  coelibatum 
conversus,  sicut  Johannes  Baptista  Spiritum  Sanctum 
manifeste  vidit,  sicut  Antonius  et  Benedictus   sacram 
relligionem  multiplicabat.     Sicut  Moyses   et  Oregorius  to  Koms. 
prselationes   humiliter  renuebat,  et  sicut  Aaron  idem-L^!^'^' 
que    Qregorius   divino   indido    obedienter    susdpiebat.  8am«^' 
Magnus   ecdesise   pastor,  ut  Petrus;  patriae  rector  utEUshik^ 
Samuel,  regum  imperator  ut  Ysaias.     Sicut  Helyas  et 
Heliseus  tirannos  indomabiles  increpabat,  et  prophetali 
sententia  plectebat;  et   sicut  Helyseus  dodles  corrige- 
bat,  correctosque  regebat.    Item  sicut  Helyseus  a  pro- 


456  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 

Bumsto's    fiindo  aqusB  ferrum  enatare,  seque  fecit  manibrio  aptare, 
preserv^     sic  Dunstanus  trabem  in  aerem  sursum  evolare  et  loco 

tion,  and 

vi»ion».       debito   se   collocare.     Sicut  prophetae .  multa   et    mira 

prsedixit,  et   sicut  martyres  plurima  pro  justitia   per- 

tulit.     Sicut  Davit  a  persecutoribus  suis  divinitus  vin- 

dicatus.     Quorum  uni,  sicut  Gregorius  animam  pagani 

imperatoris  a  tartareis   tormentis,  sic   et  ipse  animain 

impii  regis  a  tortoribus  eripuit  demoniis. 

He  wrought      Fontem  ut  Moyses   de   rupe  produxit,  ecdesiam   ut 

Hoset,  Gre-  montem  Gregorius  dimovit,  casulam  ut  Brigida  in  aere 

Siaget.      suspendit.     Sicut  Danieli  et  Ezechieli,  Zacharise  atque 

Johanni  per  angelos,   et   sicut   Machabeeo   per  sanctos, 

sic  et  isti  per  utrosque  multa  occulta  Deus  revelavii. 

He  was  like  Sicut  Paulus  in  coslum  deduci  meruit,  ibique  et  in  ter- 

8.  Paul,  * 

laaiAh.  and  ris  archana  verba  et  amrelica  cannina  audiit,  eaque  sibi 

£zekiel.  ,  .  ^     ,  .    «i         •  i 

et  m  ooelo  et  m  terra  loqui  et  canere  et  homines  docere 
licuit.     Item   sicut  Ysaias  et  Ezechiel  Dei  maje&rtatem 
in  coeUs  et  Johannes  Spiritum  Sanctum   et  Dei  Geni- 
tricem  in  terris,  utrobique  autem  frequenti  miraculo  et 
raro  exemplo,  angelos  et  sanctos,  et  familiarius  Andream 
apostolum  videre  et  alloqui,  multisque  ac  miris  modis, 
Hitf  friend-  ut  prsefatimi  est  ab  eis   oblectari  oonsuevit.     Et  haec 
s.  Andrew,  quidcm  Omnia  in  se  uno  congessit  maximorum  maxima 
•  Sanctorum  magnalia.     Sed   ilia   certe  sibi  soli  apperti- 
nent  propria  et  incomparabilia,  quod  tantLa  honoribus  a 
matre  Domini  Creatoris  et  omnium  creaturarum  Do- 
He  is  aerred  mina  diUgi  et  deduci,  et  ab  Ipso  Domino  trausmissis 

by  angels.         _  "      .  ,  ,  •    -1  j 

ad  eum  universis  angelorum  agmimbus  ad  regnum 
coeleste  invitari  dignus  fuit.  Sicut  igitur  omnium  jus- 
torum  spiritu  repletus,  et  omnibus  ecdesiasticds  hierar- 
chise  gradibus  promotus,  sic  et  omnimoda  sanctorum 
His  promo-  atque  angelicorum  ordinum  diimitate  prseditus.  Erat 
all  degrees    emm,  ut  gradatim  ad  summa  conscendamus,  corde  simul 

of  sanctity.       .  •  /•  j»         j  j.  •. 

et  corpore  virgo,  confessor  praedicando,  martyr  vero  vita 
et  voto,  multaque  patiendo.  Claruit  apostolus,  ut  Christi 
legatus,  vaticinio  propheta,  primatu  patriarcha.  Erat 
et  angelus,  quia  Dei  et  hominum   officio  et  actu  fre- 


J 


FRAGMENTA  BITUALIA. 


457 


quens  intemimtius ;  erat  et  archangelus,  quia  alioram  Heisoom- 
sLaiilium  angelorum  director  et  dux.  Sicut  virtutes  ^  se^i 
virtutum  operator;  sicut  potestates  multa  in  homines angeiic host, 
et  daemones,  in  animas  et  corpora^  potestate  prseditus. 
Sicut  principatus  ipsis  quoque  prindpans  regibus  atque 
principibus.  Sicut  dominationes  omnibus  dominans  spi- 
ritualibus  et  animalibus  corporeisque  illecebris  atque 
passionibua  Sicut  throni  Dei  sedes  extabat  per  quem 
mortalibus  sua  judida  decemebat.  Sicut  cherubin  multa 
Deum  scientia  et  intellectu  cognoscebat  atque  cemebat. 
Sicut  seraphin  miro  caritatis  ardore  Deitati  proximus 
adhaerebat.  Alta  quidem  et  longe  super  hominem  sunt 
haec,  sed  multo  excellentius,  salva  fide,  hie  homo  divi- 
nus  pnedicatur  etiam  Deus  atque  Dei  filius  et  hseres 
setemus.  Deus*^  existebat  quia  gratia  et  mentis  deifi- 
catus,  Dei  quoque  hseres  et  filius  adoptione  aasumptus. 
Eberes  quidem  Dei,  cohseres  autem  Christi,  et  inter 
cseteros  summi  Dei  filios  insignis  et  excelsus.  Yere 
igitur  multis  et  egregiis  prsecelsus  privilegiis,  vere  mag- 
nus  ab  hominibus  obseqjoiis  adorandus,  qui  tantis  in 
ooelis  et  in  terra  adeo  sublimatur  honoribus. 


A  COLLATION  OF  THE  TEXT  OF  THE        /^^    :; 
ST.  GALL  MS.  337,  WITH  THE 
PRESENT  EDITION. 


Faffeaof 
thiB  volume. 

p.    3.  Eubric   in  red  capitals,   "Incipit  Prolugus 

"  de  .yita  vel  conversatione  almi   confes- 
"  soris  Dtinstani.", 
1.    1.  arckorUi  Alhrico]  archdnti  videlicet  Albrico. 
2.  J5.]  in  margin,  "Beda." 

5.  pl(icida/ni\  pladdi. 

6.  tutionem]  tutorem. 

7.  enccipiendam]  excipiendo. 
18.  exonerans]  exhonerans. 

p.    4,  I.  14.  fundotenua]  fundetenus. 
15.  precaria]  a,  ins.  MS. 
29.  acheTnate]  scemate. 

34.  antietUis]  antestitis. 

35.  sv/mTae]  sum  me. 

p.    6,  1.  13.  educando]  edocando. 

20.  agreestem\  egrestem;  as  MS.  A. 

28.  Eubric    in  red    capitals,   "  Indpit  gloriosi 

"  Dunstani  archiprsesulis  conversatio  vel 
"  vita." 

29.  Cvmi  mvUorv/in]  Cum  ergo  multorum   (in 

violet  uncials).' 
temporum   a  vera  cvltu  CHstxl  in  black 
capitals. 

30.  qvAhu8\  ut. 

32.  decernebcW]  decrevisset,  tandem. 


COLLATIOK.  459 


Faflefiof 


fagei 
this  Yolmne. 

p.    Q,  1.    2.  ^uddem,  ccBoUati]  genii  prsefatse. 
3.  hujus]  has. 
6,  6.  soda/ret  .  .  JldelA,vm\  efficeret  populum  An- 
glorum  in  .  .  • 

7.  vnter  ivscicB  naManis  vepres]  in  populum 

jam  dictimi. 

8.  trUicevm]  triticium;  (triticum,  A.). 

9.  i/nserwU,  eic]  inserebat^  sic  omne  .  .  . 

10.  Jioc  exsti/rpavit,  ut]  eo  exstirpavit,  nee  .  .  . 

11.  ea  pvUvZare  proMheref]  ea  pullulare  per- 

misit. 
13^  14.  debere  .  .'  apreverat]  offerre   demonstravit. 
Quid  multa? 

16.  Hie]  Dominus. 
17-^19.  optimoB  .  .  reges]  tamen  hominibus  adhi- 
bens    meliorem,   elegit   sibi   pastores    de 
populo  Suo,  reges  videlicet. 

20.  EccU&Ub  Suc&I  ecdesiarum. 

22.  cwm  jvstUia]  ac  servarent. 

24.  ho8  prcecipuoa]  quos  etiant 
24-28.  gv^em  .  .  adnv/meratua]  gloriosus  .^tbelsta- 
nus  quamyifl  eum  midti  reges,  quorum 
nunc  nomina  difficultas  non  sinit  rimare 
per  singula,  regnando  prsecederent,  post 
tamen  annis  succedentibus  rex  Anglorum 
adnumeratus  est. 

28.  iffUwr]  quoque. 

29.  orUv/r]  ortus  est. 

30.  Heoreta/rms]  Heorstan. 
Cynetkrydia]  Cynethryth. 

31.  vocUatv/r]  yocabatur. 

aacri  hapHamatia]  sacris  baptismatum. 

32.  itaqwe\  igitur. 
34.  (mtem\  itaque. 

p.    7,  L    1.  vicim>rvmC\  Anglorum. 

nwruywpaial  vocitata. 
5.  WAmeriba8\  beneficiis. 


460  VITA  SANCn  DUNSTANI. 

Pages  of 
this  Yolame. 

p.    7,  1.    5.  In  ea  siquidem  ipdvs  loco]  In  qua  quidem 

insula. 
7-8.  nfhuUa  .  .  paraiam]  nullis  hominum  arte 
recordationibus  fabricatam  vel  dicatam. 
12-14.  Huic  . .  dedicaverwrU]  Ad  banc  etiam  aliam 
addiderunt  opere  lapideo  SBdificantes  sec- 
desiam^  quam  Christo  pontifices  sanctoque 
,  .  Petro  apostolo  dedicarunt. 

15-16.  et  jcum  dictoe  .  .  frequerUabat]   adorabat, 
frequentabat    locum    jam    dictee    insulae 
pretiosimi. 
16.  ^rgo]  enim« 

18.  transi/re  Olestoniam]  transisse  Gkestoniam. 
21.  eascessu]  aspectu. 

24.  eo  .  .  fwisde]  eo  videlicet  ordine  quo  nunc 
statuta  vel  facta  referuntur. 

26.  rdigioai}  jam  dicti,  add.  MS. 

27.  otUa]  curiose,  add.  MS. 
studeritem}  om.  MS, 

30.  tranaUi/ret]  transilisset. 
p.    8,  L    6.  vacua]  vacuo. 

12.  inorUv/nis]  morituris. 

14.  dbvU]  saBit ;  this  is  probably  the  true  read- 

ing. 

33.  Ostial  Hostia;  so  also  A. 
p.    9,  L    2.  ut]  om.  MS. 

5.  Eossu/rgat]  Ut  surgat. 

6.  iVom  .  .  tanto]  Nam  quantum  fiierat  cre- 

scendo sublimior,  tanto  erai 
p.  10,  1.    1.  qv/irUogpie]  quantumque. 
2.  quavto  vero]  et  quantum. 
9.  tempore  conti/nuo]  om.  MS. 
12.  cedrua]  cedris. 

15.  tarn]  namque.     The  following  variations  are 

of  more  especial  importance,  owing  to  the 
lacuna  in  the  Arras  MS. 

16.  vi]  adeo  nempe  ut. 


COLLATION.  461 


Paces  of 


this  Yolmne. 

p.  10, 1. 117.  cmtem]  tamen  ut. 

18.  captdbat  .  .  aed]  captaret  favores  sed  ut. 
iUaTri]  omnem,  add.  MS. 

19.  gestdbat]  gestaret. 

22.  dictavit]  et  nevit,  add.  MS. 

23.  et  divinorvm]  cm.  MS. ;  80  also  MS.  B. 
810]  om.  MS. ;  so  alsa  B. 

24.  vi}  eo  videlicet  tenore  ut. 

26.  et]  et  ut. 

27.  aenwwn]  om.  MS. 
Hibemenaiwni]  Hibemiensium. 
Olestonice]  om.  MS. 

28.  fiddiv/m  tv/rbce]  nationes. 
ef]  om.  MS. 

29.  mcLximfie]  tamen,  add.  MS. 

junioris]  senioris ;  so  also  B.   Mabillon,  how- 
ever, as  well  as  the  BoUandists,  preserves 
the  former  as  the  reading  of  A. 
p.  11,  1.    2.  phyloaophaifUes]  philosophantes. 

5.  persensW]  persenserat. 
Ita]  Et  ita. 

6.  vera]  om.  MS. 
cohercebati  cohercens. 

7.  diviruB  Scriptv/rcB  libros  aaruta/retur]  hujus- 

modi  libros  enudeaverat. 
9.  rmdcebatv/r]  insudaverat. 
12,  IS,  et  ,  .  auorum]  immo  sseculariimi,  maxime 
videlicet  ipsi  consanguinei  sui. 
18.  ut  hirci]  uti  hyrci. 

20.  iifiopinatam  in  evmi  acabiem  rriemdcLCvi]  in- 

opinata  mendada. 

21.  mluta/ribu8\  salubribus. 

23, 24.  hietoriaTV/ra  .  .  nceniaa]  histriarum  Mvolas 

coluisse  incantationes, 
24.  avtem]  quippe. 
25, 26.  beatua  tyro  aemper  Chriatv/m  oppoavAt]  ipse 

necessario  adhibendus  est  Christus. 


462  VITA  SANCri  DUNSTANI. 

Fageiof 
this  Volume. 

p.  11, 27-29.  i/n  cvjua  .  .  audores]  cum  teste  3uo  David 

scilicet  fideli  qui  in  persona  Ipsius  Sancti 
Spiritus  prseventus  oraculo  de  fisdsis  tes- 
tibus  tempore  .  .  .    Compare  the  reading 
of  B.,  note  10.    • 
30.  vanitcUes]  vanitatem. 
p.  12,  L    3.  avditoribvs  Suia]  iterum  Ipse  auditoribus 

Suis  inquit. 
6»  Itemqvs]  Dominus,  ins.  MS. 

vos}  vobis. 
9.  iUo]  ilia. 

10.  ergo]  namque. 

11.  firmiaaima   apoTiaione  confortattLs}   fidelis- 

sima   sponsione    Christi    sui   confortatus, 
libens. 

12.  cu/rams]  haberet. 

13.  vix  . .  aperv^&rU]  numquam  contra  se  latran* 

tes  canes  aut  raro  aperiret. 

16.  qwdam\  qua  prsafatus  sum. 
coTomi  rege\  apud  ipsum  regem. 

17.  mtpetravertintque]  impetrantes. 

18, 19.  Deinde  .  .  rabie]  At  illi  impetrata  expul* 
sionis  licentia. 
21.  dc]  videlicet  ac 

23.  effi4iere7vt,  pedibus  auperimipri/niebaTit}  affice- 

rent  pedibus  super  calcantes  imprimebant. 

24.  eorvm\  illorum ;  so  also  MS.  B. 

25.  defumestarent]  sordidando,  add.  MS. 

26.  e  palvde]  a  fece. 

27.  distantem]  distante. 

28.  venire  diaposuit]  pervenit. 

29.  vera  iUi]  itaque  illi  Dei  amici  propinquaret 

domuL 
Into]  ita. 

30.  detv/rpcUv/m]  attaminatum. 
pviaverwrU]  putabant. 

p.  18,  L    1.  crvddi]  crudeliori. 


COLLATION.  463 

Pages  of 
this  yolame. 

p.  13,  L    1.  tamen]  sed. 

1,  2.  ut  blamdierUia  vocent  audierurU,  mox  esse 
iUivs  ex  eo]  blandientem  vocem  remul- 
centis  audissent,  mox  ilium  e  voce. 

5.  vn\  ad  tarn. 

6.  7rmtat(i/[  mutatam. 
natv/ray  creatura. 

8.  hvmianitatis}  humamtate. 

10.  After  this  section  the  S.  GaU  MS.  has  the 
following  verses : — 

*'  Talibus  obprobriis  ceterisque  bachantibus  actis 
"  Ssepe  virum  proprio  pepulere  ab  honore  beatum. 
"  Sed  Domini  famulus,  postquam  sermone  fideli 
''  Se  quoque  reddid^rat  purgatum  crimine  cuncto, 
"  Securus  rediit  digno  functurus  honore, 
"  Cimctorum  invitus  sociorum  vana  latrantum. 
"  Quid  voluit  sibi  stulta  choors  nee  prsemeditata, 
''  Quse  studuit  dampnare  pium  sub  &aude  nociva? 
"  Forte  putabat  eum  pressisse  dolis  machinarum 
"  Quem  Domini  pietas  maluit  prsecellere  cimctis. 
'*  Est  labor  inmodicus  dunmi  coriare  cotillum, 
**  Aut  natare  diu  contra  refluentia  stagna." 

p.  13,  1.  14.  cessisse,  quibus]  cesisse  quibus  ipse. 
15.  sed]  et. 
17.  PrimuTn  enim  mvlierem]  Primum  enim,  ut 

ita  dicam,  muliebrem. 
19.  jElfheagus]  iElfheah,  videlicet. 

21.  rogavif]  rogaverat. 

22.  mstindii]  ab  instinctu. 

26, 26.  verba  abnuentis  avdivit]   abnuentis  verba 
audisset. 
27.  inferret]  talia  intulissei 
29.  agnosceret]  agnovisset. 

Deo  misericorditer  favente]  quidem  Deo  dic- 
-tante. 


464  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


Faires  of 


'agci 
this  y  olame. 

p.  14,  L    1.  Eo  Tia/mqvs  model]  Eo  itaque  ut. 

3.  obteocU,  ut]  obtexisset,  in  tantum  inquam. 

4.  et]  ut. 

5.  TtbTic]  ergo,  add.  MS. 

6.  porUiJicem  .  .  spretv/m]  prsescriptum  ponti- 

ficem  jam  antea  spretum. 
11.  taliter]  hoc  prsedicto  modo. 

14.  revocavU]    The  S.  Gall  MS.  proceeds,  "con- 

"  suluit  post  hsec  famulus  Dei  Dunstanus, 
"  et  vir  virilis  ingenii  effectus  est  coram 
"  Deo  et  hominibus.  Et  dum  ex  hac 
"  prdedicta  Dei  coirectione,*'  etc. 

15.  antistitia  jElfheagi]  antestitis  i^lfheahi. 

16.  post]  postea. 

18.  IrUereo,]  enim,  add..MS. 
WirUonwrismm]  Wintonensium. 

19.  invUavervmt]  rogaverunt. 

20.  in  8ua  civitaute  WirUonia]   ipsi  quoque  in 

prsedicta  civitate. 

21.  Nvmiinie]  Nominis. 

condiderant,  in  parte]  condiderunt,  in  parte 
videlicet. 

23.  omnUma  .  .  esse]  omnium  aecclesiarum  esse 

proxima  perhibetur. 

24.  pontijice]  pariter,  add.  MS. 

26.  coegemnb]  invitarunt 

27.  caritatia]  caritatum. 
p.  16,  L    4.  qvxxm]  quam  etiam. 

7.  diodt]  dicebat. 

8, 9.  Compleamus  .  .  Twstram]  Perpleamus  hie 
apud  sanctum  apostolicum  nostrum  Ore- 
gorium  ultimam  nostri. 

11,  i/n  unum]  episcopus  scilicet  et  Dunstanus. 

12.  prodererU]  prodidissent. 

Qua  .  .  daretur]  Et  post  peractam  confes- 
sionem,  dum  dabatur. 


COLLATION.  465 

Pages  of 
this  Volame. 

p.  15, 1. 13-16.  lapis  .  .  Ice&it]  ecce  lapis  pennagnus  ab  alto 

aere  descendit,  nisus  ictu  minaci  ambo- 
rum  capita  conterere ;  sed  parcente  Do- 
mino inter  utraqne  capita,  tangens  tamen 
capillos  amborum  vehcmenti  lapsu  in  ter- 
ram  corruerat. 

20.  quendam]  ejusdem,  add.  MS, 
ceccleaicB]  templi. 
WvZfredvm]  Uulfredum. 

21.  rnortem  suMisse]  necem  subire. 

25.  TmUta]  quseque. 

26.  »uceque  .  .  cetatia  e(]  omniumque  suonim. 
p.  16, 1. 1-3.  Awditis   .  .   positua]   Audito   itaque   beato 

Dunstano    tantiA    mysteriorum    miracula, 

tantosque  ineritabiles  vitae  suie  casus,  ait 

per  banc  revelationem  ad  eura. 

3.  Si  quce]  Si  omnia  haec  quee. 

7.  digitoque  derrwnstrami]  digito  demonstrans. 

8-19.  Quia  hcBC  .  .  Inivuiin]  "  Si  haec  omnia  quae 

"  tibi  referebam  vera  sunt,  et  non  falsa, 

"  hoc  in  loco  ante  triduum  presbyter  qui- 

dam  sepelietur,  sed  nondum  est   infir- 

matus;     corpusculum    vero     sacerdotis 

"  ejusdem  ab  occidentali  parte  templi  prse- 

"  sentis   veniet   deportatum."      Ad   banc 

visionis  vocem   expergefactus  est.     Mane 

vero  facto  et  meante  diliculo,  ecce  beatus 

Dunstanus  memor  mirse  revelationis  post 

horam  primam  diei  ipsius  suis  cum  sodali- 

bus  deambulando  venit  ad.  locum  spiritali- 

ter  sibi  prsenotatuDi^,  arripiensque  lapidem 

manuabilem,  et  in  prsetitulatum  projecerat 

locum,  dicens,  ''  Hie  vero,  si  is  qui  mecum 

"  loquebatur  est  verax,  ante  triduum  pres- 

"  biter  unus  est  humatui'us." 

21.  magister]  minister. 

a  a 


u 


(( 


466  VITA  SANCTI  DUN&TANI. 

Pages  of 
this  Volume. 

p.  16,  1.  22.  obtinvAt]  elegit. 

aliqua]  alia. 

23.  sepidturam]  pausatione^  perpetuam. 

24.  siquidem]  enim. 

25.  post  pcmcvm]  paulatim. 

26.  Deinde]  ita  inquam  ut. 
extremvm]  emissurum. 

27.  commendavit]  commendaret. 

28.  amgnatiLa]  ussignatum. 
32.  Wulfred]  Uulfred. 

p.  17,  1.    4.  NuTw]  Nunc  enim. 

5.  intei^mitto]  intermittam. 

6.  jyrofeiv^m]  perferam. 
"iiarnqiie]  itaque. 

9.  nuper]  superius  nuper. 
Hcec]  Hsec  igitur. 

14.  vero]  namque. 

15.  qwi  ha'iic]  quia  hunc;  as  in  MS.  B. 

18.  atUem]  enim. 

19.  8e]  famula  Dei  jam  dicta,  ins.  MS. 

20.  prcepai^ret]  pnei)arasset. 

23.  igitur]  quidem. 

24.  iTitiTiio]  nimio ;  as  in  MS.  B. 

26.  ergo]  namque. 

27.  ohvici]  obviam ;  as  in  MS.  B. 

28.  quia]  quoniam ;  as  in  MS.  B. 
p.  18,  1.    3.  promissani]  permissam. 

pi'CBcederUi]  statuto,  antecedentes  regem. 
4.  habilia]  abilia. 

7.  '' Non  patiatv/t^"]  "Nolit,"  inquit. 

12.  »ibi  adesse]  om.  MS. 

13.  efwpplementvm]  sublementum. 
regis]  terreni  regis. 

14.  od  tempua  prcefiiiitu/ni]  jam  tempus  prse- 

notatum. 

16.  introivit]  introibat. 


COLLATION.  467 

Pages  of 
this  Volume. 

p.  18,  1.  19.  pincermis]  tamen  nihilominus. 

20.  sciphia]  scifis. 

21.  indidcretcB  quantitatis  vasibica]  vasibus  mag- 

nis  et  modicis. 

23.  ministrantium]  ammiratus,  ins.  MS. 

24.  ni7n,i$]  namque  nimis. 
auperfluitate]  mole. 

25.  nepti]  nepte. 

26.  sidnt]  ibat. 

27.  farmUa  Dei]  prsenominata  Dei  famula. 

28.  cursu]  et,  ins.  MS. 

33.  ipso]  sed  tamen  in  ipso. 
finiti]  finitse. 
^  34.  cum  .  .  scolasticis]  cum  imbuendis  seolas- 

tieis  suis. 
35.  obaerataTn]  seratam. 
compleret]  replei^et. 
p.  19,  1.    3.  Ttiira]  siquidem,  ins.  MS. ;  so  also  MS.  B. 
4.  vero]  enim,  ut  ita  dicam. 
7.  quce]  et. 

atria]  non  desi  (sic  for  deside)  descensione 
sed. 
9.  continuo]  sed  eontinuo. 

12.  accessit]  accedit. 

13.  observatrices]   videlicet,   ins.   MS.  ;   so  also 

MS.  B. 

14.  loqueretv/r]  loquatur. 
21.  ea  etiam]  earn  otiam. 

qwi^viaset]  agnovisset. 
p.  20,  1.    9.  prc^vsaionis]  praevisionis. 

12,  futu'Tum]  futura;  the  words   "erat  osten- 

"  sum  "  are  not  in  the  MS. 
14.  post]  postque ;  as  in  MS.  B. 
19.  volehat]  vovebat. 
21.  Domini]  Domiiue. 
27.  ^thdvrynn]  iE^elpjmn. 

G  G  2 


] 


468  VITA   SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 


Pages  of 
this  Volume. 


p.  20,  1.  27.  vocavit]  evocavit ;  as  in  MS.  B. 
p.  21,  1.    1.  ille]  ilH ;  as  in  MS.  B. 

7.  se]  om.  MS. 

11,  cvibilis]  cubiculi. 

14.  conchieiido]  concinnendo. 
26.  qui]  quoniam ;  as  in  MS.  B. 
28.  proceres]  proceratus. 

p.  22,  1.    1.  Domini]  Dominici. 

8.  infra]  jussa. 

21.  abdcotidif]  abscondidit. 
in]  lit. 

24.  ambitlaret,  diapomit]    ambulare    disposuit, 

misericorditer  ministrarent. 

25.  cordatius]  cordetenus ;  as  in  MS.  B. 
p.  23,  1.    4.  et]  om.  MS. 

15.  nexfiiri]  nexuros. 

21.  Ceodrvim]  Ceoddrum. 
p.  24,  1.    3.  venaiuriis]  venaturum ;  as  in  MS.  B. 

4.  inaectation^]  insectione. 
7.  devexnm]  divexum. 

11.  deviersit]  se  dimersit:  cf.  MS.  B. 

p.  25,  1.    2.  cvmi  illv£  dttcatu]  dum  illuc  ducatu  regis. 

12.  ego]  ergo. 

20.  inmunitionibus]  munitionibus. 
p.  26,  1.    2.  morigena]  morigera. 

16.  cc^piifnua]  incoepimns. 
ac]  vel. 

21.  peHen^ere]  perterere ;  as  in  MS.  A. 
p.  27,  1.    3.  ohyra  dextra]  chira  dextrali. 

5.  laudem]  laude  ;  as  in  MS.  B. 
12.  everteret]  averteret. 

19.  in]  eodem,  ins.  MS. ;  as  in  MS.  B. 
23.  levia]  levi. 

26.  hyspidvs]  hispidis. 

p.  28;  1.    4.  congressua]  congreasum. 

11.  eidem]  idem ;  as  in  MS.  A. 


COLLATION.  469 

Pages  of 
his  Volame. 

p.  28,  1.  15.  hiepta]  in  inepta. 

p.  29,  1.    9.  Sumersetenamm]  Sumerssetensium. 

15.  Eadrcedica]  Eadredus. 

17.  9itblimitate]  regia,  ins.  MS. 

p.  30,^1.    6.  sei^nonivm]  responsa. 

25.  deberet]  et,  ins.  MS. 

p.  31,  1.    1.  recicasando]  recusando. 

10.  sorpto  siuxo]  sorto  suco. 
8,  26^  Eadrcedus]  Eadredus. 

34.  covimeTtdave'runi]  commendaiTuit. 
p.  32,  1.  16.  palpamentwm]  pulpamentum ;  as  in  MS.  A. 

* 

24.  reciisacive]  recusare. 

30.  jussa]  praecepta. 

p.  33,  1.    4.  diocericnt]  ei,  ins.  MS. 

8.  manu  sua]  extendit  mannm  suam. 

11.  ^tfielgywJ}  iE)?elgifu. 

20.  venenifero]  venifero. 

22.  inwii(XiihiLibm\  inimicalibus. 

27.  v/rgente\  urguente. 

28.  ipsa]  ire ;  as  in  MS.  B. 

29.  fvjrevJti8\  furientis. 

31.  imbuendos]  inbuendo. 

p.  34,  1.    4.  occidental i]  occidentalis ;  as  in  MS.  A. 

13.  compatientice  ]    compatientis ;    so    also    in 

MS.  A. 
17.  vdificata\  veUficatu ;  unquestionably  the  true 

reading. 
19.  popiUatrice]  pepulatrice ;  as  in  MS.  A. 
22.  dictu]  diet®, 
p.  35,  1.    1.  iTvgemisceiido]  ingemescendo. 

4.  coffUaret]  cogitarat ;  as  in  MS.  A. 
13.  vermnptavien]  veruntamen. 

21.  eocplete']  implete. 

p.  36,  1.    1.  adsciscevs]  adscissens. 
3.  imperiali]  imperali. 

12.  aecv/m]  semper,  ins.  MS; 


1 


470  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 

Pages  of 
this  Volume. 

p.  36,  1.  27.  Brandanfoi'd]  Bradanford,  as  the  BoUandiats 

read  the  Arras  MS.,  and  as  I  myself  read 
it :  in  the  text,  however,  I  have  followed 
Mabillon's  reading,  which  is  that  of  MS.  B. 
31.  vwribua]  moribusque. 
p.  37,  1.    2.  qiLoqice]  quosque. 

5.  'Nv/niinis]  Nominis. 
8.  Cynewaldus]  Cyneuualdus. 
'   13.  triticeuim]  triticium  :  MS.  A.  reads  triticum. 
15.  nnetam\  cum  fructu,  ins.  MS. 

22.  poTvtem']  pontum,  with  both  the  other  MSS. 

30.  Adaniica]  Adimitica. 

p.  38,  1.    9.  Byrhtelvium]  Byrhthelmum. 

13.  con^ectionis]  correptionis. 

31.  gradieris]  gredieris. 

p.  39,  1.    4.  administrationia]  miilistrationis. 
11.  Dominus]  Deus;  as  in  MS.  B. 

23.  prcestolantes]  prsestulantes. 
ille]  ipse. 

32.  procacis]  procaci ;  so  in  MS.  A. 

p.  40,  1.    7.  chariamate  affedus]  carismate  effectus. 

14.  ditare]  indoctos  erudire,  pravos  corrigere. 
od]  veritatis,  ins.  MS.,  as  also  MS.  B, 

29.  sopUalem]  sopitantem. 
p.  41,  1.    9.  eidem]  eodem ;  as  in  MS.  A. 

14.  glorijicutur]  glorificat. 

25.  Alleluia]  om.  MS. 
p.  42,  1.    4.  rnodulatioTiem]  om.  MS.,  as  also  MS.  A. 

10.  mihi]  om.  MS.,  as  also  MS.  B. 
coaptare]  cooptare. 

20.  hcBc]  nnde  haec ;  as  in  MS.  B. 

21.  Cantica]  Cantico. 

24.  recti]  recte. 

25.  rex]  om.  MS. 

p.  43,  1.    7.  canticwm]  cantica. 

8.  quandoque]  quondami 


t 


/ 


COLLATION.  471 

Pages  oi 
this  Yolmae. 

p.  43, 1.  15.  regnavit]  regnabit. 

19.  decantans]  decantabat. 
p.  44,  1.    9.  divinis]  divis. 

20.  ^fstani]  Myehiam:  a  most  valuable  cor- 

rection. 
28.  oculos  .  .  pi'oba]  proprios  oculos,  et  probe, 
p.  45,  1.    2.  et  max  ex  invmicabUi]  sed  mox  ex  inimicali : 

inimicabili  is  the  reading  of  MS.  B.  only. 

21.  insenaibilia]  insensabilia. 
p.  46,  1.    6.  SaxoniQa]  sub  Saxonica. 

8.  nuptialis]  nuntialis. 

21.  inbutU/tie]  imbuitione. 
p.  47,  1.    8.  captare]  captitare. 

17.  hesterTia]  externa. 

31.  beatvs  vir]  beati. 

32.  meriti]  pater. 

p.  48,  1.    1.  /(yi'titer*]  fortunissime. 

apparare]  prsepai-are. 

7.  facimculi]    farunculi :    no   doubt  the   true 

reading. 

8.  honorem]  hono're. 
19.  cedicwUmi]  sedicula. 

24.  aonaintainim]  sonoritatum. 

32.  circuitionie]  circumitionis ;  so  also  MS.  A. 
p.  49,  1.  27.  orphanid]  orfanis. 

28.  amminiculd]  adminiculo. 

29.  paratumi]  partitum :  no  doubt  the  true  read- 

ing. 
31.  vel  cU'iv,]  cis  vel  citra. 
p.  50,  1.  13.  intentid]  invictum,  ins.  MS. 

14.  Qw>tie8que]  Quotiensque. 

15.  dignce]  digne. 
laude]  laute. 

22.  cdta]  alto. 

23.  faetigia]  fastigio  ;  as  in  the  other  MSS; 

25.  Jinem]  fieri,  ins.  MS. 


472  VITA  SANCTI  DUNSTANI. 

Pages  of 
this  Volume. 

p.  50,  1.  28.  svdaraf]  sudabat. 

32.  aliqua]  qua. 

p.  51,  1.  13.  facultatem]  facultate. 

14.  quorunfuywTiqxie]  credentium,  ins.  MS. 

18.  lectionis]  lectum.^ 


^  The  Life  ends  without  a  colophon,  at  p.  91  of  the  MS.  It  is  followed, 
pp.  92-94,  by  a  charter  of  the  restoration  of  the  monastery  of  S.  Peter  at 
Squirs  in  Aquitaine,  which  beginft  thus,  "  Anno  Donynicse  Incarnationis 
"  DCCOCLxxvii.,  indicione  v.  In  nomine  Sanctse  et  Individoas  Trinitatis, 
*'  ego  Gumboldus  episcopus  et  frater  meus  Guillelmus  Sanccto  dux  Was- 
"  conum,  etc."    It  is  followed  by  the  names  of  the  witnesses. 

Pp.  94,  95.  A  letter  on  the  foundation  of  the  same  monastery  by  Charles 
the  Great,  and  on  its  destruction  by  the  Noimans. 


"•     J' 


"T^^^""'"'^*' 


GLOSSARY. 


GLOSSARY. 


A. 

^DiTUUS,  3,  386.  A  bishop  ;  used 
at  p.  256  in  its  ordinary  sense 
as  a  keeper  or  servant  of  the 
Church. 

APO&isMUSy  367  (ofopAr/Mf)*  A  brief 
statement. 

APiCELLUs^  5.    A  letter. 

Apoeia,  368  (Ampia)*  Helpless 
poverty. 

AbGHISTEUM,    367   (atrKyiTiiplov).      A 

monastery. 
ABBOiDiA,  367.  An  unknown  wordy 

possibly  the  name  of  a  musical 

instrument ;     orsharmoniay    or 

=argutia  (?) 
AXIS,  308.    Used  for  assis,  a  plank. 


B. 

Basilitius,  386.    Royal. 

BoiA,  154.    A  chain  or  collar ;  used 

by  Plautus. 
BRATTHEA,    366    (jSpax^^O*       Short 

labours. 


C. 

CAMBUTTAy  69,  446.     A  staff. 
CARDTANy  387  (jvafd/a).    The  heart. 


CASULA,  17.  A  cottage  ;  204,  258, 
a  chasuble. 

CAtTMA,  367  {KavfjLo).    Buming. 

CHiRAy  27  {x^tp)'    The  hand. 

CIRICEUM,  399  {Ki^pvKttov).  A  herald's 
wand ;  a  pastoral  staff. 

CLEPTOR,  29  (icXcrr^f).    A  robber. 

CONJOA,  377.    Property  (?). 

GONTiARE,  368.    To  accompany. 

COPIARE,  360  (xcxuiu).    To  labour. 

CORCDLUM,  4.    The  heart. 

cosMUS,  6f  363  (K^fffMi).  The  world, 
this  life. 

COSMICALIS,  52.  Belonging  to  this 
life. 

ORisiDiNEtJSy  4  {xp^^<9  hi^u).  Daz- 
zling as  with  gold. 

CRUSMA,  367  {KpovcfAo),  A  musical 
note. 

CURAGULUS,  372.    A  defender. 


D. 

DAGUA,  386,  390  (a<^/ita).    A  bite. 
DECiBiLis,  32,  44.    Decens,  becom-> 

ing ;    or  =  Dicibilis,  worthy  of 

record. 
Deificus,  10.  Making  one  like  God. 
Deiyidus,   104.    Enabling  one  to 

see  God. 
depicatus,   12  (pix).    Cleansed  as 

from  pitch. 


476 


GLOSSARY. 


DEPRBTA,  367  (=depraedata  ?). 
DESTiNA,  83.    A  cell. 

DiARCHA,  103  (8t;a/jxij;like  rtrpapx^':)' 

The  ruler  of  half  a  kingdom. 
DOGMATizATOR,  25.     A  tcacher  or 
judge  of  doctrine. 


E. 

ECLIPTICOS,  384  {^kKuictikSi;)    Eclip- 

tically. 
ENPmius,  366  (ifA^iSptoq).    Fieiy. 

EPI8C0PIUM,     57     (ivia-Koiruw).        A 

bishopHc. 

EsuRtEs  (gen.  esurietifi),  387.   Hun- 
ger. 


FAV0REU8,  5.     Favourable. 

G. 

GLETA,  370,=gleba,  a  clod,  or  greva, 
gravel. 

H. 
HEARPA,  21.    A  harp. 

i. 

iDRiOLA^  302,=hydriola,  a  water- 
pot. 

INCAUSTUM,  4  (eyKayarov).     Ink, 

LECTOREUS,  386.  Connected  with 
reading. 

LEPiBOy  ^en.  LEPiDiNis,  386.  Neat- 
ness. 


M. 

Martyrium,  141.  The  martyidom 
at  Canterbury,  probably  the  place 
where  the  relics  of  S.  Elfege  were 
deposited,  as  at  a  later  period  the 
name  was  given  to  the  place  where 
S.  Thomas's  shrine  was  kept. 

MAURus,  196  (fAaupo^),  A  black  man, 
a  devil. 

MEDO,  18,  176.     Mead,  hydromel. 
MORULA,  104.    A  short  delay. 
MUNDiBURDiUAf,  375.     Protection  of 
a  patron  or  surety. 


N. 
NEGiTARE,  96.     To  go  on  denying. 

O. 

oCGULsus,  390.  Disabled  or  killed, 
apparently  formed  like  perculsus 
from  a  verb  occello, 

ONOMA,  383.    A  name. 

ORARiUM,  170.    A  stole. 

OROMA,  366  (of>ajxa).     Vision. 


P. 


PALATiNus,  11,  21.    A  comtier. 

PARTHENALis,  388.  Belonging  to 
virginity. 

PERiBULUM,  8,  366.    A  wall. 

PBRiERGiA,  367.     Laborious  cajpe. 

piNKicuLA,  4.    A  pen. 

PiTACiOLUM,  409.  A  writing  tab- 
let ;  a  letter. 

PLANETA,  247.    A  chasuble. 


GLOSSARY. 


477 


TNEUMA,  366  (iryfvfAo),     Spirit. 
POMPARE,  21.     To  adorn. 
PR^BENDARiTJS,  223.     A  pensioner. 
PROFESSio,3(=rKOFECTio).  A  start- 
ing. 

R. 

RABULATUs,  366.    A  voice. 
RECELLA,  262. 1  An  article  of  furni- 
RECOLA,  374.    J      ture. 

S. 

SEDEO,  389.     To  please. 
SENIORATUS,  23.  Pa<ronage,=niun- 
diburdium. 


siBiEREy  363.     See  note. 
SPiNDULATUS,  416.     Furnished  with 

the   pins,  spindulae,   with  which 

the  pall  was  fastened. 
STOMA,  387  {trrofjux).    The  mouth. 
STRMA,   367   (a-vpiMi).     A  strain  of 

music. 


TiTULATio,  5,  388.     Literary  com- 
position. 
THYMiAMA,  68  (fivfAiufAa).  Inceni^e. 
TROssoLus,  390.    A  wallet. 


INDEX. 


i 


INDEX. 


A. 

AbbOi  of  Fleurj,  his  letter  to  Dunstan  on 
the  life  of  S.  Edmund,  376 ;  three 
poems  of,  410  ;  the  first  Life  of  Dun- 
stan sent  to,  409. 

Abingdon,  Ethelwold  made  abbot  of,  278, 
303;  he  brings  monks  from,  to 
Winchester,  212. 

Abricula,  near  Rome,  392. 

Adelard  dedicates  his  Life  of  Dunstan  to 
Elfege,  53. 

Adelword,  a  monk  of  Glastonbury,  said  to 
have  stolen  Dunstan's  bones,  353. 

Adrian,  a  monk  of  Canterbury,  contempo- 
rary with  Osbem,  156. 

Adrian,  abbot  of  Augustine's,  Canterbury, 
316. 

.^gelred,  precentor  of  Canterbury,  after- 
wards of  Worcester,  168,  164. 

iBgelric,  bishop  of  Selsey,  164. 

^gelward,  possessed  of  a  devil ;  his  cure, 
144-151,234-238,351. 

.Sgelwin,  a  monk  of  Canterbury,  his  pil- 
grimage to  Jerusalem,  245,  246. 

JEifgBTf  afterwards  bishop  of  Elmham,  his 
vision  of  angels,  64,  120, 123»  218, 
317-819. 

JSl^ifii,  the  patroness  of  Dunstan  at  Glas- 
tonbury, 85,  175,  330;  has  a  visit 
from  Athelstan,  86,  1 76 ;  miracle 
wrought  for,  86,  176;  her  illness 
and  death,  87,88, 177, 178, 830,331. 
See  iBthelfleda. 
mother  of  Edwy  and  Edgar,  56,  289. 
^Ifheah,  Elfege,  the  Bald,  bishop  of  Win- 
chester, entertains  Dunstan,  13,  56, 
172,  260,  828;    has  a  miracnious 


^Ubeah— CM/. 

escape,  14,  15,  261 ;  persuades 
Dunstan  to  become  a  monk,  18,  82, 
26 1 ,  328  ;  ordained  him  priest,  56, 
83,  173, 261, 329  ;  his  death,  56,  95, 
185,  278,  289,  334;  had  been  a 
monk  at  Glastonbury,  260;  his 
prophecy  about  Dunstan  and  his 
companions,  261,  262. 
II.,  abbot  of  Bath,  made  bishop  of 
Winchester,  61,  62,  116,  217,312, 
344 ;  archbishop  of  Canterbury,  62, 
127,  313;  Adelard  dedicates  his 
book  to  him,  53 ;  his  martyrdom, 
127,  813,  852  ;  translation  of,  236  ; 
his  bones  with  those  of  Danstan,2S6, 
352. 

^fleda,  the  Fair,  wife  of  Edgar,  210; 
daughter  of  the  ealdorman  Ordmer, 
210,  423. 

Alfred,  king  of  the  West  Saxons,  founded 
Shaftesbury,  252;  grand£Either  of 
Amulf,  count  of  Flanders,  285. 

MiMCf  archbishop  of  Canterbury,  the  first 
Life  of  Dunstan  dedicated  to,  8, 252. 
bishop  of  Crediton,  302. 
Bata,  Dunstan  after  his  death  coun- 
teracts the  designs  of,  136,  227. 
the  ealdottnan,  letter  of  the  pope  to, 

896. 
^Ifidge,  a  pupil  of  Dunstan,  warning  of 

his  death,  47,  189,  306. 
bishop  of  Winchester,  87, 185 ;  be- 
comes archbishop  of  Canterbury, 
37,  107,  198,  294,  338  ;  insults  the 
memory  of  Odo,  294, 838  ;  is  firosen 
to  death  on  the  Alps,  88, 107,  198, 
294,  888. 

H  a 


482 


nn)Ex. 


iElfttani  ^thelstan,  ealdoiman,  has  a 
vision  before  king  Edmund's  death, 
44,45,275,276,471. 

^Ifvrold,  made  bishop  of  Crediton,30, 278. 
Leofstan,  son  of,  398. 

^Ise  in  Italy,  393. 

j£thelbxiht,  a  monk  of  Glastonbury,  said 
to  have  stolen  Dunstan's  bones,  353. 

^thelfleda,  iBthelfi-eda,  Dnnstan's  pa- 
troness at  Glastonbury,  17,  275 ; 
death  of  her  priest,  16,264 ;  miracle 
of  the  mead,  18,  266;  was  Athel- 
stan's  niece,  18,  265 ;  wonders  at 
her  death,  19,  20,  267,  268.  See 
also  JElfgifu,  iElfleda. 

^thelgar,  bishop  of  Crediton,  dies,  29, 
278. 
archbishop  of  Canterbury,  letters  to, 
383, 384, 385  ;  mentioned  in  a  letter 
to  Sigeric,  388,  389;  he  went  to 
Rome,  388. 

^thelgifu,  iEl%ifli,  her  influence  over 
Edwy^  32, 33, 100,  190,  283  ;  perse- 
cutes Dunstan  and  his  friends,  33, 
34,  101,  192,  284,  285;  is  punished 
at  Gloucester,  102, 194. 

iBthelnoth  negotiates  peace  between  Ethel- 
red  and  the  Normans,  398. 

iEthelred,  king  of  the  English,  succeeds 
his  brother  Edward,  61,  115,215, 
309,  343. 
Dunstan's  prophecies  concerning,  115, 

117,  215,  309,  310, 821,  343. 
allows  tiie  promotion  of  Elfege,  61, 

116,  216,  313. 
is  bribed  away  from  Rochester,  117, 

310. 
his  unfortunate  marriage,  322. 
kis  peace  with  Normandy,  397,  398. 

JEthelsige,  bishop  of  Sherborne,  398. 

^thelstan,  king  of  the  West  Saxons,  6, 71, 
253,  325 ;  favours  Dunstan,  56,  79, 
169,  258,  827 ;  visits  Glastonbury, 
17,  18,86,  176,  265;  dies,  21,  90, 
180,  268,  331 ;  an  anchorite  makes 
a  pilgrimage  by  his  advice,  382. 
ealdoiman  of  East  Anglia.  See  JBlf- 
stan. 


JBthelstan— €oitf. 

a  renegade  priest,  whose  life  was  Ibr^ 
told  by  Elfege,  261. 
.^thelswitha,  daughter  of  Alfred,  mother 

of  Amulf,  285. 
^thelwold,   abbot   of    Abingdon,    308; 
educated  at  Glastonbury,  Sll. 
made  bishop  of  Winchester,  808. 
his  treatment  of  the  secular  clerks, 

211,  303. 
monasteries  founded  by  him,  303. 
miraculous  warning  of  his  death*  115, 

245,  311. 
letter  of  the  pope  concerning,  864, 865. 
death  of,  61, 116,  216,812. 
his  biography  quoted,  279, 299. 
iBthelwynn,  Alwinna,  asks  Dunstan  for  the 
pattern  of  a  stole,  20,  80, 170, 258. 
Agatha,  S.,  in  Piedmont,  894. 
Aguilla  in  Italy,  893. 
Albert,  the  physician,  afterwards  cardinal, 

148. 
Albion,  6,  440. 

Aldhehn,  his  relics  translated  by  Dunstan, 
302 ;  Dunstan's  gifts  to  his  monas- 
tery, iit, 
Aldhun,  abbotof  Glastonbuiy,251, 260,270. 
Aldington,  illness  of  Lanfranc  at,  151, 239. 
Alps,  the,  38,  107,  198, 294,  338, 871. 
Alwoid,  a  renegade  monk,  eat^  by  foxes, 

313,  314. 
Amandus,  S.,  founded  Blandininm,  59, 285. 
Andrew,  S.,  Dunstan's  patron,  60, 102, 193, 
338. 
appears  to  him,  30, 57,60,  61,96, 116, 

185,  186,260,281,884. 
tooth  of,  placed  by  Dunstan  in  his 

staff,  190,  248. 
his  church  at  Rochester,  61, 108, 117r 
200,  298,  810. 
Andrew,  S.,  in  Lombardy,  394. 
Andrew,  Master,  a  witness  of  the  openbg 

of  Dunstan's  grave,  429. 
Ansbert,  abbot  of  Fontanelle,  and  arch- 
bishop of  Rouen,  285. 
Anselm,  S.,  his  devotion 'to  Dunstan,  450. 
miracle  that  hi^pened  to  a  clerk  of 
his,  246. 


IKDEX. 


483 


Antifern,  894. 
AoBta,  394. 
Apulia,  245. 
Aqnanigra,  893. 
Aquapendente,  892. 
Arbia,  393. 

Arnolf,  count  of  Flanders,  entertains  Dun- 
stanat  6hent,84,  59,  101,  193, 285. 
his  monastic  reformations,  59, 285,362. 
was  grandson  of  Alfred,  285. 
letter  of,  to  Dunstan,  359. 
letter  to,  361,  362. ' 
Arras  (Atherats),  395. 

Falradus,  abbot  of,  388. 
Athelm,  archbishop  of  Canterbury,  Dun- 
stan's  uncle  and  patron,  55 ;  re- 
commends him  to  Athelstan,  56, 79, 
169,  258,  327 ;  had  been  a  monk  at 
Glastonbury,  258. 
Attdoenus,  S.     See  Ouen,  S. 
Augustine,  S.,  of  Canterbury,  6,  297. 
his  church,  48,  119,  208,  316«  346. 
Wulfric,  abbot  of,  409. 
Scotland,  abbot  of,  143, 232,  233, 234, 
851,  413. 
Augustine,  S.,  of  Hippo,  argument  from, 

322,  323. 
AuBonia,  872. 


B. 


B.,  a  Saxon  priest,  dedicates  his  Life  of 

Dunstan  to   Elfric,  Sf    letter    to 

Ethelgar,  385. 
Bacane,  near  Bome,  392. 
Bar,  395. 

Barabas,  story  of  the  purate,  154,  155. 
Barret,  John,  attests  the  opening  of  Dun- 

stan's  grave,  429. 
Bath,  visit  of  Dunstan  to,  46,  94,  183, 306, 

838. 
Elfege,  abbot  of,  61, 62, 116,  217,312, 

329. 
Ceolwy,  prsepositus  of,  47,  306. 
Bayeux,  Odo,  bishop  of.     See  Odo, 
Benedict,  S.,  rule  of,  25. 


Beomhelm,  a  Scottish  bishop,  supports  the 

secular  clerks,  113,  213. 
Bertin,  S.,  monastery  of,  384,  888. 
Besan^on,  394. 
Blaecuile,  395. 
Blandinium,  monastery  of  S.  Peter  at,  58, 

59,  101,  193,  285. 
Adelard  of,  58. 
Wido  of,  380. 
Bradanford,  Brandanford,  council  at,  36, 

291, 470. 
Breone,  395« 
Brihthelm,  Byrhthelm,  bishop  of  Dorset, 

promoted  to  Canterbury  and  sent 

back  to  his  see,  38,  107,  198,  294, 

295,  339. 
Brihtred,  abbot  of  Glastonbury,  353. 
BruwsBi,  395. 
Burbulei,  394. 
Burgenove,  393. 
Burhc.    See  Peterborough. 
Bursius,  a  monk  of  Glastonbury,  wid  to 

have  translated  Dunstan's  bones, 

353. 


c. 


Caen,  Lanfrano,  abbot  of,  282. 
Calne,  synod  of,  113,  213,  808,  843. 
Campm^or,  398. 

Canterbury,  archbishops  of.    See  Angus- 
tine,  Athelm,  Wulfhelm,  Odo,  JElf- 
sige,  Brihthelm,  Dunstan,  Ethelgar, 
Sigeric,  .£lfric,  .Mfheah,  Lanfranc, 
Anselm. 
secular  clerks  of;  their  sins,  142. 
monastic  reforms  at,  237,  238. 
cathedral  of,  burnt,  70,  142,  231,  232. 
monastery  of  S.  Augustine  at.    See 
Augustine. 
Cen,  life  of  an  anchorite  at,  382. 
Ceolwy,  provost  of  Bath,  47,  306. 
Ceolwuli^  provost  of  Folkstone,  131,  224, 

349. 
ChAlons,  395. 
Cheddar,  23,  24,  91, 181,  269. 


484 


INDEX. 


Chichester,  Egelricj  bishop  of,  164.. 

Christina,  8.  in  Italy,  394. 

Clement,  the  Gennan,  miraculous  cure  of, 
135,  226,  349. 

Clovis,  founder  of  the  Church  of  B.  Gene- 
vieve, 867. 

Colman,  John,  attests  the  opening  of 
Dunstan's  grave,  429. 

Constantinople,  emperor  of  160,  245. 

Corbnnei,  395. 

Creditqn,  Ethelgar,  bishop  of,  29,  278. 
Elfwold,  bishop  of,  30,4^78. 
Elfric,  bishop  of,  302. 

Cuscei,  394. 

Cuthbert,  S.,  incomiptness  of  his  body,  379. 

Cynesiufi,  Kinesige,  bishop,  Dunstan's  kins- 
man, sent  with  him  to  bring  Edwy 
to  the  coronation  feast,  32, 191, 283. 

Cynethritha,  Dunstan's  mother,  6,  71, 165, 

253,  825. 
miracle  at  her  visit  to  Glastonbury, 

54,  72,  165,  254,  325. 

Cynewald,  bishop  of  Worcester,  dies,  37, 

292. 


D. 

Danes,  the,  862 ;   invasions  of,  67,  127, 

222,  321  ;  at  Paris,  367. 
Denys,  S.,  church  of,  in  Hampshire;  S. 

Edith  goes  to  the  consecration  of, 

311. 
Domaniant,  395. 
Domnino,  S.,  393. 
Dorobemia,  Canterbury,  38,  63,  103,  &c. 

explanation  of  the  word,  107. 
Dorset,  Brihthelm,  bishop  of,  38, 107, 198, 

294,  831. 
Dover,  John  Thornton,  prior  of,  429. 
Dublin,  subject  to  Edgar,  423. 
Duin,  395. 
Dunstan,  S.,  his  parentage  and  birth,  6, 

54,  71,  165,  253,  825. 
his  education,  10,  11,  74,  77,  78,  256, 

326. 
his  sleep-walk,  7,  8,  55,  75, 167, 256, 

826. 


Donstan,  S.-^cont, 

he  is  at  Athelstan's  court,  10, 77, 168, 

258,  827. 
his  expulsion  from  Athelstan's  court, 

12,81,171,172,259,328. 
becomes  a  monk,  14,  82,  83,  172, 178, 

260,  829. 
his  cell  at  Glastonbury,  83, 173,  262, 

829. 
expelled  from  Edmund's  court,  23, 90, 

180,269,832. 
becomes  abbot  of  Glastonbury,  25, 56, 

92,  182,  270,  332. 
drags  Edwy  to  the  coronation  feast, 

32,  33,  100,  190,  283,  386. 
flies  to  Flanders,  and  is  entertained  at 

Ghent,  34,  59,  101,  192,  193,  285, 

536. 
returns  and  is  made  bishop  of  Worces- 
ter, 36,  37,  60,  103,  104,  195,  292, 

837. 
consecrated,  60, 103, 104, 195,292,337. 
made  bishop  of  London,  87,  61,  105, 

196,293,838. 
and  archbishop  of  Canterbury,  38,  61, 

107,  198,295,339. 
crowns  Edgar,  Edward  andEthelred, 

61,  115,215,309,843. 
drew  up  the  promissio  regis,  855. 
prophesies  about  Ethelred,  115, 117, 

215,309,310,321,843. 
foresees  the  death  of.  his  friends,  47, 

115,245,306,811. 
prepares  for  death,  50,  51, 64,  6.5,  66 

120,  121,  217,  218,  317,  318,  847, 

348. 
dies,  52,  66,  126,  221,  321,  348. 
miracles  after  death,129-l  61, 223-249. 
mentioned  in  letters,  865,  379,  883, 

889. 
letters  to,  859,  370,  372,  873,   374, 

376,  878.  380,  410-412. 
his  buildings  at  Glastonbury,  7,25, 

92,  182,  271,  332. 
his  refusal  to  obey  a  papal  mandate 

67, 106,  200. 
pretended  translation  of  his  bones, 
352,  353,412-422,  426-439. 


IKDEX. 


485 


E. 


Eadgar,  birth  of,  56,  93,  188,  289, 883. 
chosen  king  by  the  north  people,  36, 

108,  194,291,886. 
'makes  Dunstan  a  bishop,  87,  60, 103, 

195,  293. 
crowned  by  Dnnstan,  61,  112,  214. 
his  sin  and  penance,  111,  168,209- 

211. 
his  good  government,  103, 195,  304, 

305. 
account  of  his  wives,  422-424. 
his  monastic  reforms,  112,211,300, 

301. 
his  hunting  on  Sunday,  207,  345. 
his  death  and  burial,  114,  214,  306. 
letters  to,  363,  364,  366. 
Eadgifii,  Eadgitha,  wife  of  Edward   the 

Elder,  tries  to  persuade  Dunstan  to 

be  a  bishop,  30,  57,  96,  185,  279, 

884 ;    ill-treated  by  Edwy,  36,  99, 

188,  290. 
Eadgitha,  daughter  of  Edgar,  her  sanctity, 

310,341. 
seen  by  Dunstan  at  the  consecration 

ofS.  DenySjSll. 
her  body  incomipt  after  death,  311. 
Eadmer,  his  life  of  Dunstan,  162. 

his  letter  to  the  monks  of  Glaston- 
bury, 412. 
his  yerses  on  Dunstan,  424. 
letter  of  Nicholas  to,  422. 
Eadmund,  king  of  the  East  Angles,  his  life 

related  by  Dunstan  and  written  by 

Abbo,  378-880. 
king  of  the  English,  favours  Dunstan, 

21,  56,  90,  180,  268,  831. 
banishes  him  from  court,  28, 90, 180, 

269,  332. 
makes  him  abbot  ef  Glastonbury,  25, 

56,92,182,270,332. 
dies,  29,  56,  84,  194. 
circumstances  of  his  death,  45,  46,  94, 

184,  275,  276,  333,  834. 


Eadmimd-— eon^ 

buried  at  Glastonbury,  58,  94,  184, 

277. 
his  victories,  271. 
Eadred,  succeeds  Edmund,  29,  56,  94,  184, 

277, 388. 
his  love  for  Dunstan,  29,  56,  94, 184, 

277,  334. 
tries  to  persiiade  him  to  be  a  bishop, 

30,57,96,  185,279,334. 
illness  and  death,  31,  58,  98,   187, 

281,335. 
buried  at  Winchester,  31,  58,  99, 187, 

282. 
his  benefactions  to  Winchester,  279. 
Eadwardll.,  son  of  Edgar,  succeeds,  61, 

114,  214,  307;  question  about  his 

mother,  422-424. 
is  murdered,  115,  215,  309. 
translation  of  his  body,  309. 
archdeacon  of  London,  monk  of  Christ- 
church,  prevented  by  Dunstan  from 

quitting  the  monastery,  155,  156, 

241-245. 
Eadwig,  Edwy,  son  of  Edmund,  succeeds 

Edred,  32,  59,  99,  187,  283,  335. 
hib  misgovemment,  32,85,^6, 99, 187, 

283,  335. 
his  misbehaviour  at  the  coronation, 

82,  100,  190,  283,  336. 
persecutes  Dunstan,  83,  34,  59,  101, 

192,  284,  336. 
persecutes  his  grandmother,  36,  98, 

99,  188,  290. 
is  renounced  by  the  north  people,  35, 

86,  102,  194,  291,  836. 
dies,  36,  108,  196,  291,  337. 
Dunstan  rescues  his  soul  from  the 

devils,  104,  .105,    196,   286,    287, 

337. 
Elfthritha,  wife  of  Edgar,  308,  423. 

joins  in  the  murder  of  Edward,  115, 

215,  309,  343. 
Elfwerd,  abbot  of  Glastonbury,  his  letter  to 

Sigeric,  400. 
Ehnham,  JSlfj^ar,  bishop  of,  64, 120,  121, 

217,  218,  817.    ' 
see  of,  remored  to  Norwich,  317* 


486 


INDEX. 


Elward,  miraculous  cure  of,  135,  226. 
Elj,  monastery  restored  by  Ethelvold  at, 

303. 
Essex,  London  the  bishop's  see  of,  37. 
Everi,Tvrea,  394. 
Exeter,  see  of  Crediton  removed  to,  802. 


F. 


Falrad,  abbot  of  S.  Vedast,  his  letter  to 
Ethelgar,  383. 

Flanders,  Dunstan's  exile  in,  34,  59,  101, 
193,  285,  336 ;    he  provides  for  the 
monasteries  of,  315. 
Amulf,  count  of.    See  Amulf. 

Flaviane,  S.,  near  Borne,  392. 

Fleiuy,  Abbo  of.     See  Abbo. 
monastery  of,  377. 

Floricum,  in  Italy,  393. 

Folkstone,  Ceolwulf  provost  of,  his  mira- 
culous cure  and  death,  131, 224, 349. 

Fontanelle,  Wlmar  abbot  of,  285. 

Forcri,  in  Italy,  ^93. 

Fresia,  373. 

Funtain«,  in  France,  395. 

Furcasi,  near  Bome,  392. 


G. 


Gaul,  34,  102,  336. 
Geminiano,  S.,  in  Italy,  393. 
Genovefa,  S.,  history  of  her  church,  367. 

appeal  of  her  society  to  Edgar,366>368. 
George,  S.,  Dunstan  falls  asleep  before  the 

altar  of,  27,  274. 
Ghent,  stay  of  Dunstan  at,  34, 59, 101, 193, 

285.     See  Blandinium. 
Glastonbury,  Dunstan's  birth-place,  7,  54, 
71,  165,  253,  325. 
Irish  scholars  at,  10,  74,  256,  326. 
Ethelfleda  lives  at,  16,  17,  85,  175, 

265,  330. 
antiquity  of,  7,  10,  251,  260. 
William  of  Malmesbuiy  writes  to  the 
^onks  of,  250^ 


Glastonbury— -eon^. 

abbots  of; 

Ealdhun,  251,  960,  270. 

Elfric,  270. 

Dunstan,  25,  56,  92, 182,  270,  832. 

Elfwerd,  400. 

Brihtred,  353. 

Elfsin  or  Wulfsin,  419. 

letters  of  archbishop  Warham  to  the 
abbot  of,  430,  436. 

letter  of  the  abbot  to  Warham,  432. 
-  church  of  S.  Maiy  at.     See  Mary. 

Dunstan's  building  at.     See  Dunstan. 

Edmund  buried  at,  58,  94,  184,  277. 

Edgar  buried  at,  307. 

Edmund  Ironside  at,  352. 

letter  of  the  Fope  to  Elfric  concerning, 
896. 

William  of  Malmesbury  wrote  on  the 
antiquity  of,  271,  288. 

&te  of  Alwold's  body  at,  314. 
Gloucester,  pimishment  of  Ethelgifu  at, 

102, 194. 
Godric,  the  dean  of  Christ  Church,  135. 
Goldston,  T.,  prior  of  Canterbury,  426, 427. 
Gregory,  S.,  6,  455,  456. 

S.,  his  church  at  Winchester,  15,  261. 
Grenant,  In  France,  395. 
Grimwald,  a  monk  of  S.  Bertin,  389. 
Guisnes,  in  France,  395. 
Gundulf,  bishop  of  Rochester,  414. 


H. 

Harold,  burial  of  his  child  at  Canterbuiy, 
141,  142,  230. 

Henry,  the  prior  of  Christ  Church,  Canter- 
bury, 385. 

Heorstan,  Dunstan's  father,  6,  7,  71,  165, 
253,  325. 

Hcrodias,  67. 

Hugh,  398. 

Humber,  river,  102, 194,  291. 

I. 

Irish  scholars  at  Glastonbury,  10, 11,  74, 
256,  826. 


INDEX. 


487 


J. 


Jeremiah,  comparison   of  Dunstan  with, 
73,  828. 

John  XII.,  pope,  gives  the  pall  to  Dunstan, 
296,  839. 
Xm.,  pope,  letter  of,  to  Edgar  on  the 
removal  of  the  canons  from  the  new 
minster  at  Winchester,  864 ;  orders 
the  substitution  of  monks,  211. 
XV.,  pope,  letter  to  Elfric,  touching 
Glastonbury,  896  ;  visited  by  Sigeric, 
392 ;  letter  of,  on  the  peace  between 
Richard  and  Ethelred,  397. 

John  S.,  the  Evangelist,  14,  68. 

S.,  the  Baptist,  his  church  at  Glaston- 
bury,  48, 189 ;  compared  with  Dun; 
Stan,  78,  828. 


K. 


Kent,  Edwy  driven  into,  837 ;  ravaged  by 

the  Danes,  821,  352. 
Kingston,  coronation  place  of  the  kings,  355. 
Kyrie  eleyson,  63,  207,  315, 845. 
Kyrie  rex  splendens,  846,  357,  858, 444. 


L. 


L.,  letter  of,  to  Dunstan,  876. 
Lambert,  a  servant  of  Anselm,  246. 
Lambeth,  letters  dated  at,  482,  489. 
Lanfranc,  abbot  of  Caen,  becomes  arch- 
bishop of  Canterbury,  142,  232. 
begins  to  rebuild  the  Cathedral,  142, 

282,  350. 
witnesses  the  madness  of  Egelward, 

144-149,  284-287,  851,  352. 
is  miraculously  cured  by    Dunstan, 

151,  152,240,241. 
cure  of  his  clerk,  153, 241. 


Lanfranc— cofi^ 

his  law  suit  with  Odo  of  Bayeux,  144, 

238,  239. 
he  orders  the  story  of  Barabas  to  be 

recorded,  154, 155. 
translates  the  Canterbury  saints,  414. 
Lantfnth,  letter  of,  to  the  brethren  at  Win- 
chester, 369. 
Laon,  Mundlothuin,  395. 
Lenham,  miracle  that  befell  a  man  of,  180. 
lico,  the  pope's  legate  to  Normandy,  397. 
Leofiin,  Liefsin,  a  messenger  from  Blan- 

dinium  to  Dunstan,  880,  381. 
Leofstan,  son  of  Alfwold,  398. 
Liege,  the  bishop  of,  a  patron  of  learning, 

386,  387. 
Lombardy,  miraculous  deliverance  of  Egel- 

win  in,  160,  245. 
London,  Dunstan  bishop  of,  87,  60, 105, 
196,  298,  838. 
Edward,  archdeacon  of,  155,  241. 
attacked  by  the  Danes,  352. 
Lucca,  398. 
Luna,  893. 


M. 


Mahnesbury,  William  of,  his  Life  of  Dun- 
stan, 250-324 ;  quoted,  341. 
abbey  of,  Dunstan's  gifts  to,  801,  302. 
abbot  of,  hears  Dunstan  tell  the  life  of 
S.  Edmund,  378. 
Martin,  S.,  Dunstan's  likeness  to,  50. 

festival  of,  244. 
Martinwaeth,  895. 

Mary  S„  her  church'at  Glastonbury,  7, 10, 
72,  83,  166,  173, 175. 
devotion  of  Dunstan's  patroness  to, 
17,  18,  86, 175,  265. 
Maurice,  S.,  in  Savoy,  894. 
Mayfield,  Dunstan  orientates  a  church  at, 

204,  342. 
Metane,  in  Italy,  898. 
Moderannus,  S.,  393. 

Mons  Gaudii,  near  Bome,  57, 96, 185, 280. 
MundlothaiD,  Laon,  895. 


488 


INDEX. 


N. 


Nero,  Edwy  compared  to,  99. 

Nicolas,  of  Worcester,  his  letter  to  Eadmer 

on  the  mother  of  S.  Edward,  422. 
Nos,  Nod2,  in  Burgundy,  394. 
Norman,  a  clerk  to  Anselm,  246. 
Normans,  intercourse  of  Ethelred  with,  322. 

liichard,  duke  of,  322,  368,  397,  398. 
Northumbrians,  choose  Edgar  for  king,  35, 

36,  103,  194,291,336. 
Norwich,  see  of  Elmham  removed  to,  817. 


o. 

Odbert,  abbot  of  S.  Bertiu,  his  letter  to 

Ethelgar,  384  ;  to  Sigeric,  388. 
Odo,  archbishop  of  Canterbury,  at  Edwy's 
coronation  feast,  32,  101,  191,  283, 
836. 
consecrates   Dunstan,   60,   103,  195> 

292,  337. 
was  a  patron  of  Abbo,  410. 
dies,  37,  107,  197,  198,  293,  338. 
insulted  by  .^Ifsige,  294,  338. 
he  was  uncle  of  S.  Oswald,  303. 
Odo,  bishop  of  Bayeux,  earl  of  Kent,  claims 
the  property  of  Canterbury,   144, 
238. 
is  defeated,  144,  238. 
sentences  a  prisoner  to  wear  chains, 
153. 
Oisma,  in  France,  395. 
Ordgar,  ealdorman  of  Wessex,  423. 
Ordmer,  ealdorman   of  the  East  Angles, 

father  of  Elfleda  the  Fair,  210. 
Oricns  regnum,  23,  46.  . 
Osbern  writes  a  life  of  Dunstan,  69. 

remarks  by  Eadmer  on,  162,  163, 199, 

419. 
by  William  of  Malmesbury  on,  250- 
252,  260,  271,  288,  289,  322-324. 
Ote\^*ald,  bishop  of  Worcester  and  arch- 
bishop of  York,  303,  304. 
builds  the  cathedral  of  S.  Mary  at 

Worcester,  197. 
his  monastic  reforms,  214,  303. 


Ouen,  S.,  his  day  observed  at  Canterbury, 
187, 227. 
his  church  at  Boaen,  863. 


P. 

Pamphica,  Pavia,  394. 

Pantaleon,  S.,  432. 

Patrick,  S.,  pilgrims  go  to  Glastonbuiy  in 

honour  of,  10,  11,  75,  257  ;  his  date, 

251. 
Paul,  S.,  appears  to  Dunstan,  80^  57,  96, 

97,  185,  186,  280. 
his  church  at  London,  61, 105,  196, 

293, 
Pers,  John,  witnesses  the  opening  of  Dun- 

Stan's  grave,  429. 
Peter,  S^  appears  to  DuQstan,  30,  57,  96, 

97,  185,  186,  280. 
chapel  dedicated  to,  at  Glastonbury,  7. 
church  at  Winchester,  865. 
church  at  Ghent,  101.     See  BUn- 

dinium. 
Peterborough,  Burhc,  803. 
Petirin-Pail,  893. 
Petrescastd,  894. 
Philip,  873. 
Placentia,  893, 
Potkin,  William,  witnesses  the  opening  of 

Dcmstan's  grave,  429. 
Publei,  894. 

Punterlin,  Pontarlier,  894. 
Puntremel,  Pontremoli,  898. 


Q. 


Quiric,  S.,  892. 


R. 


Ramsey,  monastery  at,  303. 

Rcms,  Rheims,  395. 

Richard,  duke  of  the  Normans,  822,  363, 

397,  398. 
RichariuB,  messenger  from  S.  Bertio,  385. 


INDEX. 


489 


Rochester,  chnrch  of  S.  Andrew  at,  go- 

▼emed  by  Dunstan,  61,  108,  200, 

293. 
besieged  by  Ethelred,  117,310,  844. 

bishop  of,  115,  215,  311,  344,  378. 

Gundolf,  bishop  of,  414. 
Rodulf,  son  of  Hugh,  398. 
Rome,  30,  57. 

^Ifsige  goes  to,  38, 107, 198,  294, 338. 

Bonstan  goes  to,  38, 40, 108, 198, 295, 
339. 

Ethelgar  goes  to,  388. 

Sigeric  visits  the  churches  of,  39 1 ,  392 . 
Rouen,  archbishops  of,  285.    * 

church  of  S.  Onen  at,  363. 


s. 


Saprington,  in  Gloucestershire,  miracle  at, 

144,  247. 
Saxons,  3,  46. 
Soolland,  Scotland,  abbot  of  S.  Augustine's 

143,  232,  283, 234,  351,  414. 
Scots,  Bemhelm,  bishop  of,  113,  213. 
Sebricht,  a  monk  of  Glastonbury  concerned 
in  the  translation  of  S,  Bunstan,  353. 
Sedulius,  the  hymn  of,  48,  49,  118,119, 

208,  317,  346. 
Sefiii,394. 

Sens,  archbishop  of,  285. 
Seocine  (Sienna),  393. 
Shaftesbury  founded  by  king  Allied,  252 ; 
mentioned  in  connexion  with  Edgar's 
penance   111,   112,  252;    Edward 
buried  at,  309. 
Sithiu.     See  a  Bertin. 
Sherborne,  monks  introduced  at,  304. 
bishops  of,    . 
Aldhelm,  302. 
Ethelsige,  398. 
Wulfsige,  304,  406,  408. 
Sigeric,    archbishop    of  Canterbury,    his 
journey  from  Rome,  891. 
letters  to,  388,  399,  400. 
Somersetshire,  29,  275. 
Stour,  the  riyer,  in  Kent,  134. 
Suteria,  Sutri,  392. 


Swithnn,  S.  miracles  of,  869. 

church  of,  at  Winchester,  348. 


T. 


Teranburh,  Tetouanne,  395. 

Thames,  river,  86, 103, 194, 291,  336. 

Thanet,  isle  of,  156. 

Thomey,  monastery  of,  restored  by  Ethel- 
wold,  303. 

TremO,  in  Italy,  393. 

Treves,  Leo,  bishop  of,  397. 

Tunstall,  Cuthbert,  witnessed  the  opening 
of  Dunstan's  grave,  429. 

Turgis,  father  of  Turstenc,  398. 

Turstenc,  a  witness  to  the  treaty  of  Rouen, 
398. 


u. 

Urba,  Orbe,  394. 
Ursiores,  Orsieres,  394. 
Uzza,  example  o^  53. 


V. 


Valentine,  S.,  392. 
Vcrcel,  Vercelli,  394. 
Vivaec,  Vevey,  394. 


w. 

Wandregisilus,  S.,  60,  285. 

Wareham,  burial  of  S.  Edward  at,  309. 

Warham,  Willhfm,  archbishop  of  Canter- 
bury, 426-439. 

Weks,  Robert,  witnesses  the  opening  of 
Dunstan's  grave,  429. 

Wells,  Thomas,  witnesses  the  opening  of 
Dunstan's  grave,  429. 
Athelm,  bishop  of,  258. 

Wesaex,  6,  71,291. 

Westburjr,  monastery  of,  376. 

Westminster,  abbey  of,  246. 
Wulfsige,  abbot  o^  304. 

I  I 


490 


INDEX. 


3c7/ 


Wido,  of  Blandinium,  his  letter  to  Dunstan, 

880. 
Wilfrid,  archbishop  of  York,  translation  of 

his  remains,  271. 
Wilfritha,  the  mother  of  S.  Edith,  341. 
William  of  Malmesbury,  841.  ^SieeMalmes- 

bury. 
William  tlie  Conqueror,  143, 144,  238. 
Wilton,  story  of  the  nun  of,  111,  209,  841. 

S.  Edith  was  abbess  of,  310. 
Winchester,  ^bishops    of.     See  iEllfheah, 
iBthelwold,  JElfsige.  * 

dedication  of  a  chnrch  at,  14, 261. 
church  of  S.  Gregory  at,  15,  261. 
monastic  reforms  at,  211,  803,  364. 
Edred  buried  at,  282. 
council  at,  113,  212, '^3. 
mentioned  in  letters,  877, 388: 


Wistan,  father  of  Ethebioth  898. 
Wlmar,  abbot  of  Fontanelle,  285. 
Worcester,  Dunstan  made  bishop  of,  37, 
60,  103,  104,  195,  292. 
bishops  of.    See  Cynewald,  Oswald, 
dedication  of  the  cathedral  of.    See 
Peter. 
Wulfhelm,  ardibishop  of  Canterbury,  354 . 
Wulfred  appears  after  death  to  Dunstan, 

15,  16,  89,  179,  263. 
Wulfric,  Dunstan's  brother,  dies,  28,  274. 

abbot  of  S.  Augustine's,  409. 
Wulfsige,    abbot  of    Westmhxster,    804 ; 
made    bishop    of   Sherbom,   304 ; 
letter  to,  406 ;  letter  of,  408. 
Wnlfstan,  bishop  of  London,  letter  ad« 
dressed  to,  404. 
,  bishop  of  Worcester,  164. 


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[Imperial  8 vo.^  cloth.    Price  1 5s.  each  Volume  or  Fart.] 


As  far  back  as  the  year  1800^  a  Committee  of  the  House  of  Commons 
recommended  that  Indexes  and  Calendars  should  be  made  to  the  Public 
Records,  and  thirty-six  years  afterwards  another  Committee  of  the  House  of 
Commons  reiterated  that  recommendation  in  more  forcible  words ;  but  it 
was  not  until  the  incorporation  of  the  State  Paper  Office  with  the  Public 
Record  Office  that  the  Master  of  the  Rolls  found  himself  in  a  position  to  take 
the  necessary  steps  for  carrying  out  the  wishes  of  the  House  of  Commons. 

On  7  December  1855,  he  stated  to  the  Lords  of  the  Treasury  that  although 
^*  the  Records,  State  Papers,  and  Documents  in  his  charge  constitute  the  most 
**  complete  and  perfect  series  of  their  kind  in  the  civilized  world,**  and 
although  "  they  are  of  the  greatest  value  in  a  historical  and-  constitutional 
**  point  of  view,  yet  they  are  comparatively  useless  to  the  public,  from  the 
''  want  of  proper  Calendars  and  Indexes." 

Acting  upon  the  recommendations  of  the  Committees  of  the  House  of 
Commons  above  referred  to,  he  suggested  to  the  Lords  of  the  Treasury  that 
to  effect  the  object  he  had  in  view  it  would  be  necessary  for  him  to  employ  a 
few  persons  fully  qualified  to  perform  the  work  which  he  contemplated. 

Their  Lordships  assented  to  the  necessity  of  having  Calendars  prepared 
and  printed,  and  empowered  the  Master  of  the  Rolls  to  take  such  steps  as 
might  be  necessary  for  this  purpose. 

The  following  Works  have  been  already  published  under  the  direction  of 
the  Master  of  the  Rolls  : — 

Calekdartom  Gbnbalogicum  ;  for  the  Reigns  of  Henry  III.  and  Edward  I. 
Ediied  by  Chables  Roberts,  Esq.,  Secretary  of  the  Public  Record 
Office.    2  Vols.     1865. 

This  is  a  work  of  great  value  for  elucidatiog  the  early  history  of  our  nobility 
and  landed  gentry. 

KK  2 


•    I 


Calendah  op  State  Papers,  Domestic  Series,  of  the  Reigns  of  Eo- 
WARD  VI.,  Mart,  Elizabeth,  and  James  I.,  preserved  in  Her  Majesty's 
Public  Record  OflSce.  Edited  by  Robert  Lemon,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  (Vols. 
I.  and  II.)>  and  Mart  Anne  Everett  Green,  (Vols.  III.-XII.). 
1856-1872. 


Vol.  I.— 1547-1580. 
Vol.  n.— 1581-1590. 
Vol.  in.-1-l  591-1 594. 
Vol.  IV.— 1595-1597. 
Vol.  v.— 1598-1601. 
Vol.  VI.— 1601-1603,  with 
Addenda,  1547-1565. 


Vol  VII.— Addenda,  1566-1579. 
Vol.  VIU.— 1603-1610. 
Vol.  IX.— 1611-1618. 
Vol.  X.— 1619-1623. 
Vol.  XI 1623-1625,  with  Ad- 
denda, 1603-1625. 
Vol.  XII.— Addenda,  1580-1625. 

These  Calendars  render  accessible  to  investigation  a  large  and  important  mass 
of  historical  materials.  The  Northern  Rebellion  of  1566-67  ;  the  plots  of  the 
Catholic  fugitives  in  the  Low  Countries  ;  the  numerous  demgns  against  Qoeoa 
Elizabeth  and  in  fevour  of  a  Catholic  succession  ;  the  Gunpoirder-plot ;  the 
rise  and  fall  of  Somerset ;  the  Overbuiy  murder ;  the  disgrace  of  Sir  Edward 
Coke ;  the  rise  of  the  Duke  of  Buckingham,  &c.  Numerous  other  subjects  are 
illustiited  by  these  Papers,  few  of  which  have  been  previously  known. 

Calendar  of  State  Papebs,  Domestic  Series,  op  the  Reign  of 
Charles  I.,  preserved  in  Her  Majesty's  Public  Record  Office.  Edited 
by  John  Bruce,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  (Vols.  I.-XII.) ;  by  John  Bruce,  Esq^ 
F.S.A.,  and  Willloi  Douglas  Hamilton,  Esq.,  F.SA,,  (VoL  XIII.)  ; 
and  by  William  Douglas  Hamilton,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  (Vol.  XIV.). 
1858-1873. 


VoL  I.— 1625-1626. 
VoL  II.— 1627-1628. 
Vol.  in.— 1628-1629. 
Vol.  IV.— 1629-1631. 
Vol.  v.— 1631-1633. 
Vol.  Vr.— 1633-1634. 
Vol.  Vn.— 1634-1635. 


Vol.  Vin 1635. 

Vol.  rX.— 1635-1636. 
Vol.  X.— 1636-1637. 
Vol.  XI.— 1637. 
Vol.  Xn.— 1637-1638. 
Vol.  XIIL— 1638-1639. 
Vol.  XIV.— 1639. 


This  Calendar  presents  notices  of  a  large  number  of  original  docnmento  of  great 
value  to  all  inquirers  relative  to  the  history  of  the  period  to  which  it  rdTers. 
Many  of  them  have  been  hitherto  unknown. 

Calendar  op  State  Papers,  Domestic  Series,  op  the  Reign  of 
Charles  II.,  preserved  in  Her  Majesty's  Public  Record  Office.  Edited 
by  Mart  Anne  Everett  Green.     1860-1866. 


Vol.  I.— 1660-1661. 
Vol.  II.— 1661-1662. 
Vol.  m.— 1663-1664. 
Vol.  IV.— 1664-1665. 


Vol.  v.— 1665-1666. 
Vol.  VI.— 1666-1667. 
VoL  VII.— 1667. 


SeTeuTolmnesof  this  Calendar,  of  the  period  between  1660  and  1667,  hare  been 

publiflhed. 

Calendar  of  State  Papers  relating  to  Scotland,  preserved  in  Her 
Majesty's  Public  Record  Office.  Edited  by  Markham  John  Thorpk, 
Esq.,  of  St.  Edmund  Hall,  Oxford.     1 858. 

Vol.  I.,  the   Scottish   Series,  of   the   Reigns    of  Henry  VIU., 

Edward  VI.,  Mary,  and  Elizabeth,  1509-1589. 
Vol.n.,  the  Scottish  Series,  of  the  Reign  of  Elizabeth,  1589-1603  ; 
an  Appendix  to  the  Scottish  Series,  1543-1592,-  and  tb^  State 


Papers  relating  to  Mary  Queen  of  Scots  daring  her  Detention  in 
England,  1568-1587. 

These  two  Yolumes  of  State  Papers  relate  to  Scotland,  and  embrace  the 
period  between  1509  and  1603.  In  the  second  yolome  are  notices  of  the  State 
rapers  relating  to  Mary  Queen  of  Scots. 

Calenoab  of  Statb  Papers   relating   to  Ibelaxd,  of  the  Reigns  of 

Henrt  Vlll.,  Edwabd  VL,  Mary,  and  Elizabeth,  preserved  in  Her 

Majesty's  Public  Record  Office.    Edited  by  Hans  Claude  Hamilton, 

Esq.,  F.S.A.  1860-1 867, 

Vol.  I.— 1509-1573.      I   Vol.  IL— 1574-1585. 

The  above  have  been  published  under  the  editorship  of  Mr.  Hans  Claude 
Hamilton  ;  another  volume  is  in  the  press. 

Calendar  of    State  Papers   relating   to  Ireland,  of  the  Reign   of 

James    I.,  preserved  in    Her    Majesty's    Public    Record    Office,    and 

elsewhere.    Edited  by  the  Rev.  C.  W.  Russell,  D.D.,  and  John  P. 

Prenderqast,  Esq.,  Barrister-at-Law.     1872-1874. 

Vol.  I.— 1603-1606.  I       Vol  H.— 1606-1608. 

This  series  is  in  continuation  of  the  Irish  State  Papers  commencing  with 
the  reign  of  Henry  VIII. ;  but,  for  the  reign  of  James  I.,  the  Papers  are  not 
confined  to  those  in  the  Public  Record  Office  of  England. 

Calendar  of  State  Papers,  Colonial  Series,  preserved  in  Her  Majest/s 
Public  Record  Office,  and  elsewhere.  Edited  by  W.  Noel  Sainsburt, 
Esq.     1860-1870. 

Vol.  L— America  and  West  Indies,  1674-1660. 

VoL  II. — ^East  Indies,  China,  and  Japan,  1513-1616. 

Vol.  III. — East  Indies,  China,  and  Japan,  1617-1621. 

These  Tolomes  include  an  analysis  of  early  Colonial  Papers  in  the  Public 
Record  Office,  the  India  Office,  and  the  British  Museum. 

Calendar  of  Letters  and  Papers,  Foreign  and  Domestic,  of  the 
Beiqn  of  Henry  VHE.,  preserved  in  Her  Majesty's  Public  Record 
Office,  the  British  Museum,  &c.  Edited  by  J.  S.  Brewer,  M.A., 
Professor  of  English  Literature,  King's  College,  London.     1862--1872. 


Vol.  L— 1509-1514. 
VoL  n.  (in  Two  Parts)— 1515- 
1518. 


Vol.  m.  (in  Two  Parte)— 1519- 

1523. 

Vol.  IV.,  Part  1.— 1524-1526, 

Vol,  IV.,  Part  2.— 1526-1528. 

These  volumes  contain  summaries  of  all  State  Papers  and  Correspondence 
relating  to  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.,  in  the  Public  Kecord  Office,  of  those 
formerly  in  the  State  Paper  Office,  in  the  British  Museum,  the  libraries  of  Oxford 
and  Cambridge,  and  other  Public  libraries ;  and  of  all  letters  that  have  appeared 
in  print  in  the  works  of  Burnet,  Stiype,  and  others.  Whatever  authentic 
original  nuiterial  exists  in  England  relative  to  the  religious,  political,  parliamen- 
tary, or  socifli  history  of  the  country  during  the  reign  of  Henry  VIII.,  whether 
despatches  of  ambassadors,  or  proceedinfp  of  the  army,  navy,  treasury,  or 
ordnance,  or  records  of  Parliament,  apnomtments  of  officers,  grants  from  the 
Crown,  &c.,  will  be  found  calendared  in  these  volumes. 

Calendar  op  State  Papers,  Foreign  Series,  of  the  Reign  op 
Edward  VL,  preserved  in  Her  Majesty's  Public  Becord  Office.  1547- 
1563.  Edited  by  W.  B.  Turnbull,  Esq.,  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  BaiTister* 
at-Law,  and  Correspondant  du  Comit6  Imperial  des  Travaux  Historiques 
et  des  Soci^t^s  Savantes  de  France,     1861. 

Calendar  op  State  Papers,  Foreign  Series,  op  the  Reign  op  MARr, 
preserved  in  Her  M^esty's  Public  Eecord  Office.  1553-1558.  Edited 
by  W.  B.  Turnbull,  Esq.,  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  Barrister-at-Law  and 


Correspondant  da  Comii^  Imperial  des  Travaux  Historiqnes  et  des 

Soci6tls  Savantes  de  France.     1861. 

The  two  preceding  Tolumes  exhibit  the  negotiations  of  the  English  ambassadors 
with  the  courts  of  the  Emperor  Charles  V.  of  Germany,  of  Henry  II.  of  France, 
and  of  FMlip  II.  of  Spain.  The  afihiis  of  several  of  the  minor  continental  states 
also  find  varions  incidental  illnstrations  of  much  interest. 

A  Taloable  series  of  Papers  descriptiye  of  the  circumstances  which  attended 
the  loss  of  Calais  merits  a  special  notice ;  while  the  progress  of  the  wars  in  the 
north  of  France,  into  whidi  England  was  dragged  by  her  union  with  Spain,  is 
narrated  at  some  length.  The  domestic  affiiirs  of  England  are  of  course  passed 
over  in  these  Tolumes,  which  treat  only  of  its  relations  with  forogn  powers. 

Calenoab  of  State  Papers,  Foreign  Series,  of  the  Rsioif  of 
Elizabeth,  preserved  in  Her  Majesty's  Public  Record  Office,  &c, 
Edited  by  the  Rev.  Joseph  Stevenson,  M.A.,  of  University  College^ 
Darham,  (Vols.  L-YII.),  and  Allan  James  Crosby,  Esq.,  MJL., 
Barrister-at-Law,  (Vols.  VIIL  and  JX.)     1863-1874. 


Vol.  VI.— 1563. 
Vol.  Vn.— 1564-1565. 
Vol  VIIL— 1566-1568. 
VoL  IX.— 1569-1571. 


Vol.  I.— 1558-1559. 
Vol.  n.— 1559-1560. 
Vol.  in.— 1560-1561. 
Vol.  IV.— 1561-1562. 
Vol.  v.— 1562. 

These  volumee  conUun  a  Calendar  of  the  Foreign  Correspondence  doriog  the 
earlj  portion  of  the  reign  of  Queen  Elizabeth,  deposited  in  the  Public  Record 
Office,  &c.  They  illustrate  not  only  the  external  bat  also  the  domestic  affiurs  of 
Foreign  Countries  daring  that  period. 

Calendar  of  Treasurt  Papers,  preserved  in  Her  Majesty's  Public  Record 
Office.  Edited  by  Joseph  Redington,  Esq.    1868-1871. 

Vol.  I.— 1557-1696.  |  Vol.  H.— 1697-1702. 

The  abore  Papers  connected  with  the  affiurs  of  the  Treasuiy  comprise 
petitions,  reports,  and  other  documents  relating  to  services  rendered  to  the  State, 
grants  of  money  and  pensions,  appointments  to  offices,  remissions  of  fines  and 
daties,  &c.  They  illostrate  civil  and  military  events,  finance,  Uie  administradon 
in  Ireland  and  the  Colonies,  &c.,  and  afford  information  nowhere  dse  recorded. 

Calendar  of  the  Carew  Papers,  preserved  in  the  Lambeth  Librarj. 
Edited  by  J.  S.  Brewer,  M.A.,  Professor  of  English  Literature,  King's 
College,  London  ;  and  William  Bullen,  Esq.     1867-1873. 

Vol.  L— 1515-1574.  VoL  V ^Book  of  Howth ;  Misoel- 

VoL  II 1 575-1 588.  laneous. 

VoL  ni.— 1589-1600.  VoL  VI.— 1603-1624. 
VoL  IV.— 1601-1603. 

The  Carew  Papers  relating  to  Ireland,  deposited  in  the  Lamheth  Lihrary,  are 
unique,  and  of  great  importance.  The  Calendar  (now  completed)  cannot  fiul  to 
be  welcome  to  lul  students  of  Irish  history. 

Calendar  ov  Letters,  Despatches,  Aim  State  Papers,  relating  to  the 
Negotiations  between  England  and  Spain,  preserved  in  the  Archives  at 
Simancas,  and  elsewhere.    Edited  by  G.  A.  Berqenrotu.    1862-1868. 

Vol.  L— Hen.  VIL— 1485-1509. 
VoL  IL— Hen.  VIII.- 1509-1525, 
Supplement  to  VoL  L  and  VoL  II. 

Mr.  Bergenroth  was  engaged  in  compiling  a  Calendar  of  the  Papers  relating 
to  England  preserved  in  the  archives  of  Simancas  in  Spain,  and  the  coirespond- 
ing  portion  removed  from  Simancas  to  Paris.  Idr.  Bergenroth  also  visited 
Madrid,  and  examined  the  Papers  there,  heanng  on  the  reign  of  Henry  VIIL 
The  first  volume  contains  the  Spanish  Papers  of  the  reign  of  Henry  VlX.  i  the 


seeond  Tolnme,  tliose  of  the  fint  portion  of  the  reign  of  Henry  Vm.  The 
Sapplement  contains  new  information  relating  to  the  prirate  life  of  Qaeen 
E^athanne  of  England ;  and  to  the  projected  marriage  of  Henry  VU.  with  Queen 
Jnaim,  widow  of  King  Philip  of  Castile,  and  mother  of  the  Bmperor  Charles  V . 

Calbndab  ov  Letters,  Despatches,  and  State  Papers,  relating  to  the 
Negotiations  between  England  and  Spain,  preserved  in  the  Archives  at 
Siniancas,  and  elsewhere.  Edited  hy  Don  Pascual  de  Gatanqos. 
1873. 

Vol  in.,  Part  1.— Hen.  Vin.— 1525-1526. 

Upon  the  death  of  Mr.  Bergenroth,  Don  Fascnal  de  Qayangos  was  appointed 
to  continue  the  Calendar  of  the  Spanish  State  Papers.  He  has  pnrsned  a 
similar  plan  to  that  of  his  predecessor,  but  has  been  able  to  add  much  yaluable 
matter  from  Brussels  and  Vienna,  with  which  Mr.  Bergenroth  was  unacquainted. 

Calendar  of  State  Papers  and  Manuscripts,  relating '  to  Enolish 
Affairs,  preserved  in  the  Archives  of  Venice,  &c.  Edited  by  Rawdon 
Brown,  Esq.   1864-.187d. 

Vol.  L— 1202-1 509.  VoL  IV.— 1527-1583. 

Vol.  II 1509-1519.  Vol.  v.— 1534-1554. 

Vol.  ni— 1520-1526. 

Kr.  Bawdon  Brown's  researches  have  brought  to  light  a  number  of  valuable 
documents  relating  to  yarious  periods  of  BngUsh  history  ;  his  contributions  to 
historical  literature  are  of  the  most  interesting  and  important  character. 

Stllabus,  in  English,  of  Rtuer's  Fcedera.    By  Sir  Thomas  Dufpus 

Hardy,  D.CK,  Deputy  Keeper  of  the  Public  Records.   Vol.  I. — Will.  L- 

Edw.   in.;    1066-1377.     Vol.  II.— Ric.  IL-Chas.  II.;     1377-1654. 

1869-1873. 

The  "Fflsdera,"  or  '*Rymer*s  Fcsdera,"  is  a  collection  of  miscellaneous  docu- 
ments iUustratiye  of  the  History  of  Great  Britain  and  Ireland,  from  the  Normao 
Conquest  to  the  reign  of  Charles  IL  Several  editions  of  the  *'  Fcedera "  havo 
been  published,  and  the  present  Syllabus  was  undertaken  to  make  the  contents 
of  this  great  National  Work  more  generally  known. 

Report  of  the  Deputy  Keeper  of  the  Pctblio  Records  and  the  Rev. 
J.  S.  Brewer  to  the  Master  of  the  Rolls,  upon  the  Carte  and 
Carew  Papers  in  the  Bodleian  and  Lambeth  Libraries.  1864.  Price 
2s.  6d. 

Report  of  the  Deputy  Keeper  of  the  Public  Records  to  the  Master 
OF  THE  Rolls,  upon  the  Documents  in  the  Archives  and  Public  Libraries 
of  Venice.     1 866.     Price  2s.  6d. 


In  the  Press. 

Calendar  of  State  Papers  relating  to  Ireland,  of  the  Reign  of 
Elizabeth,  preserved  in  Her  Majesty's  Public  Record  Office.  Edited 
by  Hans  Claude  Hakilton,  Esq.,  F.S.A.    Vol.  III. — 1586,  &c. 

Calendar  of  State  Papers  relating  to  Ireland,  of  tub  Reign  of 
James  I.,  preserved  in  Her  Majesi^s  Public  Record  Office,  and 
elsewhere.  Edited  by  the  Rev.  C.  W,  Russell,  D.D.,  and  John  P. 
Prsndergast,  Esq.,  Barrister-at-Law.    Vol.  Ill, — 1608,  &c* 


Calendar  of  Letters  and  Papers,  Foreign  and  Domestic,  op  the  Reiok 
OP  Henry  Vni.,  preserved  in  Her  Majesty's  Public  Record  Office, 
the  British  Museum,  &c.  Edited  by  J.  S.  Brewer,  M.A.,  Professor 
of  English  Literature,  King's  College,  London.  Vol.  IV.,  Part  3. — 
1529,  &c. 

Syllabus,  in  English,  of  Rymer's  Fcedera.  By  Sir  Thomas  Duffus 
Hardy,  D.C.L.,  Deputy  Keeper  of  the  Public  Records.  VoL  IIL — 
Appendix  and  Index. 

Calendar  of  Treasury  Papers,  preserved  in  Her  Majesty's  Public  Record 
Office.    Edited  by  Joseph  Redington,  Esq.    Vol.  HI. — 1702-1707. 

Calendar  op  State  Papers  and  Manuscripts,  relating  to  English 
Affairs,  preserved  in  the  Archives  of  Venice,  &c.  Edited  by  Ramtdok 
Brown,  Esq.     Vol.  VI.— 1555,  &c. 

Calendar  of  State  Papers,  Domestic  Series,  of  the  Reign  of 
Charles  I.,  preserved  in  Her  Majesty's  Public  Record  Office.  Edited  by 
William  Douglas  Hamilton,  Esq.,  F.S.A.    Vol.  XV.— 163^1640. 

Calendar  of  Letters,  Despatches,  and  State  Papers,  relating  to  the 
Negotiations  between  England  and  Spain,  preserved  in  the  Archives  at 
Simancas,  and  elsewhere.  Edited  by  Don  Pascual  de  Gayanqos. 
Vol.  ni.,  Part  2.— Hen.  VIH. 


In  Progress. 

Calendar  of  State  Papers,  Colonial  Series,  preserved  in  Her  Miyesty's 
Public  Record  Office,  and  elsewhere.  Edited  by  W.  Noel  Sainsburt, 
Esq.  Vol.  IV. — East  Indies,  China,  and  Japan,  1622,  &c.  VoL  V. — 
America  and  West  Indies,  1661,  &c. 

Calendar  of  State  Papers,  Domestic  Series,  during  the  Common- 
wealth, preserved  in  Her  Majesty's  Public  Record  Office.  Edited  by 
Mary  Axm  Eyerett  Green. 

Calendar  of  State  Papers,  Domestic  Series,  of  the  Reign  of 
George  III.,  &c.,  preserved  in  Her  Majesty's  Public  Record  Office. 
Edited  by  Joseph  Redington,  Esq.  (1760-1800),  and  John  Ringwood 
Atkins,  Esq.  (1801-1829). 

Calendar  of  Documents  relating  to  Ireland,  excerpted  from  the  Records 
preserved  in  Her  Majesty's  Public  Record  Office ;  to  the  end  of  the 
Reign  of  Henry  VIL  Edited  by  Henry  Savage  Sweetman,  Esq., 
A.B.,  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  £arrister^at-Law  (Ireland). 

Calendar  of  State  Papers,  Foreign  Series,  of  the  Reign  op  Eliza- 
beth, preserved  m  Her  Majesty's  Public  Record  Office.    Edited  by 

Allan   James  Crosby^  Esq.,  M.A.,   £arrister-at-lAw.      VoL  X. 

1572,  &c. 


THE  CHRONICLES  AND  MEMORIALS  OF  GREAT  BRITAIN 
AND  IRELAND  DURING  THE  MIDDLE  AGES. 


[ROTAL  8yo.,  half-bound.    JFHca  10^.  each  Volume  or  Fart.] 


On  25  July  1822,  the  House  of  Commons  presented  an  address  to  the 
Crown,  stating  that  the  editions  of  the  works  of  our  ancient  historians  were 
inconvenient  and  defective;  that  many  of  their  writings  still  remained  in 
manuscript,  and,  in  some  cases,  in  a  single  copy  only.  Thej  added,  ^'  that  an 
^^  uniform  and  convenient  edition  of  the  whole,  published  under  His  Majesty's 
'*  royal  sanction,  would  be  an  undertaking  honourable  to  His  Majesty's  reign, 
**  and  conducive  to  the  advancement  of  historical  and  constitutional  know- 
«  ledge  ;  that  the  House  therefore  humbly  besought  His  Majesty,  that  He 
**  wbuld  be  graciously  pleased  to  give  such  directions  as  His  Majesty,  in  His 
<'  wisdom,  might  think  fit,  for  the  publication  of  a  complete  edition  of  the 
'^  ancient  historians  of  this  realm,  and  assured  His  Majesty  that  whatever 
*^  expense  might  be  necessary  for  this  purpose  would  be  made  good." 

llie  Master  of  the  Rolls,  being  very  desirous  that  effect  should  be  given 
to  the  resolution  of  the  House  of  Commons,  submitted  to  Her  Migesty's 
Treasury  in  1857  a  plan  for  the  publication  of  the  ancient  chronicles  and 
memorials  of  the  United  Kingdom,  and  it  was  adopted  accordingly.  In 
selecting  these  works,  it  was  considered  right,  in  the  first  instance,  to 
give  preference  to  those  of  which  the  manuscripts  were  unique,  or  the 
materials  of  which  would  help  to  fill  up  blanks  in  English  history  for 
which  no  satisfactory  and  authentic  information  hitherto  existed  in  any 
accessible  form.  One  great  object  the  Master  of  the  Rolls  had  in  view  was 
to  form  a  corpus  historicum  within  reasonable  limits,  and  which  should  be 
as  complete  as  possible.  In  a  subject  of  so  vast  a  range,  it  was  important 
that  the  historical  student  should  be  able  to  select  such  volumes  as  conformed 
with  his  own  peculiar  tastes  and  studies,  and  not  be  put  to  the  expense  of 
purchasing  the  whole  collection  ;  an  inconrenience  inseparable  from  any 
other  plan  than  that  which  has  been  in  this  instance  adopted. 

Of  the  Chronicles  and  Memorials,  the  following  volumes  have  been  pub* 
lished.  They  embrace  the  period  from  the  earliest  time  of  British  history 
down  to  the  end  of  the  reign  of  Henry  YII. 


10 


1.  The  Chronicle  of  Ekgland,  bj  John  GAPaBAVB.    Edited  hy  the 

Rev.  F.  C.  HiNGESTON,  M.A.y  of  Exeter  College,  Oxford.     1858. 

Capgrare  was  prior  of  Lynn,  in  Norfolk,  and  prorineial  of  the  order  of  the 
Friars  Hermits  of  England  shortly  before  the  year  1464.  His  Chronicle  extends 
from  the  creation  of  the  world  to  the  year  1417.  As  a  record  of  the  language 
spoken  in  Norfolk  (being  written  in  English),  it  is  of  considerable  value. 

2.  Chbokioon  Mokasterii  db  Abingdon.    YoLs.  L  and  11.    Edited  by 

the  Rev.  Joseph  Stevenson,  M.A.,  of  University  College,  Durham, 
and  Vicar  of  Leighton  Buzzard.     1858. 

This  Chronicle  traces  the  history  of  the  great  Benedictine  monastery  of 
Abingdon  in  Berkshire,  from  its  foundation  by  King  Ina  of  Wessez,  to  the 
reign  of  Richard  L,  shortly  after  which  period  tiie  present  narratlTe  was  drawn 
np  by  an  inmate  of  the  establishment  The  author  had  access  to  the  tide^eeds 
of  the  house  ;  and  incorporates  into  his  history  various  charters  of  the  Saxon 
kings,  of  great  importance  as  illustrating  not  only  the  history  of  the  locality 
but  that  of  the  kingdom.    The  work  is  printed  for  the  first  time. 

3.  Lives  of  Edward  the  Confessob.    I. — La  Esioire  de  Seint  Aedward 

le  Bel.  II. — ^Yita  Beati  Edvardi  Begis  et  Confessoris.  III. — ^Vita 
JEdaaardi  Begis  qui  apud  Westmonasterium  requiescit.  Edited  by 
Henbt  Bichabds  Luard,  M.  A.,  Fellow  and  Assistant  Tutor  of  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge.     1858. 

The  first  is  a  poem  in  Norman  French,  containing  4,686  lines,  addressed  to 
Alianor,  Queen  of  Henr^  ni.,  and  probably  written  in  the  year  1245,  on  the 
occasion  of  the  restoration  of  the  church  of  Westminster.  Nothing  is  known 
of  the  author.  The  second  is  an  anonymous  poem,  containing  536  lines,  written 
between  the  years  1440  and  1450,  by  command  of  Heniy  YL,  to  whom  it 
is  dedicated.  It  does  not  throw  any  new  light  on  the  reign  of  Edward  the 
Confessor,  but  is  yaluable  as  a  specimen  of  the  Latin  poetry  of  the  time.  The 
third,  also  by  an  anonymous  author,  was  apparently  written  fbr  Queen  Edith, 
between  the  years  1066  and  1074,  during  the  pressure  of  the  sufifering  broogfat 
on  the  Saxons  by  the  Norman  conquest  It  notices  many  &cts  not  found  in 
other  writers,  and  some  which  differ  considerably  from  the  usoal  accounts. 

4.  MoNXTUEKTA  Franoiscaka  ;  scillcet,  I.«-Thomas  de  Ecdeston  de  Ad* 

yentu  Fratrum  Minorum  in  Angliam.  II.«-AdiB  de  Marisco  Epistole. 
m. — ^Begistrum  Fratrum  Minorum  Londoniad.  Edited  by  J.  S. 
Brewer,  M.A.9  Professor  of  English  Literature,  King's  College^ 
London.     1868. 

This  Tolume  contains  original  materials  for  the  history  of  the  settlement  of 
the  order  of  Saint  Francis  in  England,  the  letters  of  Adam  de  ICarisco^  and 
other  papers  connected  with  the  foundation  and  diffusion  of  this  great  body.  It 
has  been  the  aim  of  the  editor  to  collect  whatever  historical  information  could  be 
found  in  this  country,  towards  illustrating  a  period  of  the  nationid  history  for 
which  only  scanty  materials  exist    None  of  these  haye  been  before  printed. 

6.  FAsacuLi  ZizANiORiTM  Magistri  Johannis  Wtclip  cum  Tritico. 
Ascribed  to  Thomas  Netter,  of  Walden,  Frovincial  of  the  Carmelite 
Order  in  England,  and  Confessor  to  King  Henry  the  Fifth.  Edited  by 
the  Bey.  W.  W.  Shirlet^  M. A.,  Tutor  and  late  Fellow  of  Wadhain 
College,  Oxford.    1858. 

This  work  derives  its  principal  value  from  being  the  only  contemporaneoua 
account  of  the  rise  of  the  Lollards.    When  written,  the  disputes  of  the  school* 


11 

men  had  been  extended  to  the  field  of  theology  and  they  appear  both  in  the 
writingB  of  WjcUff  and  in  those  of  his  adversaries.  Wycliff*s  little  bundles 
of  tares  are  not  less  metaphysical  than  theological,  and  the  conflict  between 
Nominalists  and  Realists  rages  side  by  side  with  the  conflict  between  the  different 
interpreters  of  Scripture.  The  work  gires  a  good  idea  of  the  controyersies  at 
the  end  of  the  14th  and  the  beginning  of  the  1 5th  centuries. 

6.  The  Buik  of  the  Choniclis  op  Scotland  ;  or,  A  Metrical  Version  of 

the  Historj  of  Hector  Boece  ;  hj  William  Stewart.  Vols.  I.,  11., 
and  ni.  Edited  by  W.  B.  Tuenbull,  Esq.,  of  Lincoln's  Inn,  Barrister- 
at-Law.     1858. 

This  is  a  metrical  translation  of  a  Latin  Prose  Chronicle,  and  was  written  in  the 
first  half  of  the  16ih  oentory.  The  narratlTe  begins  with  the  earliest  legends, 
and  enda  with  the  death  of  James  I.  of  Scotland,  and  the  "  evil  ending  of  the 
traitors  that  slew  him."  Strict  accuracy  of  statement  is  not  to  be  looked  for  in 
such  a  work  as  this  ;  but  the  stories  of  the  colonization  of  Spain,  Ireland,  and 
Scotland  are  interesting  if  not  true ;  and  the  chronicle  is  valuable  as  a  reflection 
of  the  manners,  sentiments,  and  character  of  the  age  in  which  it  was  composed. 
The  peculiarities  of  the  Scottish  dialect  are  well  illustrated  in  this  metrical  version, 
and  the  student  of  language  will  find  ample  materials  for  comparison  with  the 
"Bnglish  dialects  of  the  same  period,  and  with  modem  lowland  Scotch. 

7.  JoHAKNis  Capgrate  Liber  de  Illustribus  Henricis.    Edited  hy  the 

Rev.  F.  C.  HiNGESTON,  M.A.9  of  Exeter  College,  Oxford.    1858. 

This  work  is  dedicated  to  Henry  VI.  of  Sngland,  who  appears  to  have  been,  in 
the  author's  estimation,  the  greatest  of  all  the  Henries.  It  is  divided  into  three 
distinct  parts,  each  having  its  own  separate  dedication.  The  first  part  relates  only 
to  the  history  of  the  Empire,  and  extends  from  the  election  of  Henry  L,  the 
Fowler,  to  the  end  of  the  reign  of  the  Ehnperor  Henry  VI.  The  second  part  is 
devoted  to  English  history,  and  extends  from  the  accession  of  Qenry  L  in  the  year 
1100,  to  the  year  1446,  which  was  the  twenty-fourth  year  of  the  reign  of  King 
Henry  VI.  The  third  part  contains  the  lives  of  illustrious  men  who  have  borne 
the  name  of  Henry  in  various  parts  of  the  world. 

Capgrave  was  bom  in  1393,  in  the  reign  of  Richard  11.,  and  lived  during  the 
Wars  of  the  Roses,  for  the  history  of  whi<m  period  his  work  is  of  some  value. 

8.  HisTORiA  MoNASTERn  S.  AuGusTiNi  Cantuarieksis,  bj  Thohas  of 

Elmham,  formerly  Monk  and  Treasurer  of  that  Foundation.  Edited 
by  Charles  Hardwick,  M.A.,  Fellow  of  St.  Catharine's  Hall,  and 
Christian  Adyocate  in  the  Uniyersitj  of  Cambridge,     1858. 

This  history  extends  ftom  the  arrival  of  St  Augustine  in  Kent  until  11 91. 
Prefixed  is  a  chronology  as  far  as  1418,  which  shows  m  outline  what  was  to  have 
been  the  character  of  the  work  when  completed.  The  only  copy  known  is  in  the 
possession  of  Trinity  Hall,  Cambridge.  The  author  was  connected  with  Norfolk, 
and  most  probably  with  Elmham,  whence  he  derived  his  name. 

9.  EuLOGiUH  (HiSTORiARUU  SITE  Temporis)  :  Chronicon  ab  Orbe  condito 

usque  ad  Annum  Domini  1866  ;  a  Monacho  quodam  Malmesbiriensi 
exaratum.  Vols.  I.,  II.,  and  III.  Edited  by  F.  S.  Hatdon,  Esq.,  B.A. 
1858-1863. 

This  ia  a  Latin  CSironide  extending  from  the  Creation  to  the  latter  part  of  the 
reign  of  Edward  III.,  and  written  by  a  monk  of  the  Abbey  of  Mafanesbnry,  in 
wOtshire,  about  the  year  1367.  A  continuation,  carrying  the  history  of  England 
down  to  the  year  1413,  was  added  in  the  former  half  of  the  fifteenth  oentnry  by 
an  author  whose  name  is  not  .known.  The  original  Chronicle  is  divided  into 
five  books,  and  contauus  a  history  of  the  world  generally,  but  more  especially 


12 

of  England  to  the  year  1366.  The  eontmnation  extends  the  hifltory  down  to 
the  coronation  of  Henry  Y.  The  Eulogiom  itself  is  chiefly  valnable  as  contain- 
ing a  history,  by  a  contemporary,  of  the  period  between  1356  and  1366.  The 
notices  of  eyents  appear  to  have  been  written  yeiy  soon  after  their  occurence. 
iVmong  other  interesting  matter,  the  Chronicle  contains  a  diary  of  the  Poitiers 
campaign,  eridentiy  fhmished  by  some  person  who  accompanied  the  army  of  the 
Black  Frhice.  The  continuation  of  the  Chronicle  is  also  the  work  of  a  contemn 
porary,  and  gives  a  very  interesting  accomit  of  the  reigns  of  Richard  II.  and 
Henry  lY.  It  is  belieyed  to  be  the  earliest  authority  for  the  statement  that  the 
latter  monarch  died  in  the  Jerusalem  Chamber  at  Westminster. 

10,  MsMOBiAXS  OF  Henry  the  Seventh  :  Bernardi  Andreas  Tholosatis 
Yita  Regis  Henrici  Septimi  ;  necnon  alia  qussdam  ad  eandem  Begem 
spectantia.     Edited  by  Ja3Ies  Gairdner,  Esq.     1858. 

The  contents  of  this  yolume  are — (1)  a  life  of  Henry  YTL,  by  his  poet 
laureate  and  historiographer,  Bernard  Andr^,  of  Toulouse,  with  some  compoa- 
tions  in  yerse,  of  which  he  is  supposed  to  haye  been  the  autiior ;  (2)  the  journals 
of  Roger  Machado  during  certain  embassies  on  which  he  was  sent  by  Henry  YH. 
to  Spain  and  Brittany,  the  first  of  which  had  reference  to  the  marriage  of  the 
Kin^s  son,  Arthur,  with  Catharine  of  Arragon ;  (3)  two  curious  reports  by 
enyoys  sent  to  Spain  in  the  year  1505  touching  the  succession  to  the  Crown 
of  Castile,  and  a  project  of  marriage  between  Henry  Yll.  and  the  Qneen  of 
Naples ;  and  (4)  an  account  of  Philip  of  Castile's  reception  in  England  in  1506. 
Other  documents  of  Interest  in  connexion  with  the  period  are  giyen  in  an  appendix. 

11,  Mehoriaxs  ok  Henry  the  Fifth.    I. — ^Vita  Henrici  Quinti,  Roberto 

Bedmanno  auctore.  II.— Yersus  Rhythmici  in  laudem  Regis  Henrici 
Quinti.  in. — Elmhami  Liber  Metricus  de  Henrico  Y.  Edited  by 
Charles  A.  Cole^  Esq.     1868. 

This  yolume  contains  three  treatises  which  more  or  less  illustrate  the  history  of 
the  reign  of  Henry  Y.,  yiz. :  A  Life  by  Robert  Redman  ;  a  Metrical  Chronicle  b^ 
Thomas  Elmham,  prior  of  Lenton,  a  contemporary  author ;  Yersus  Rhythmici, 
written  apparentiy  by  a  monk  of  Westminster  Abbey,  who  was  also  a  contempo- 
rary of  Henry  Y.    Tbese  works  are  printed  for  the  first  time. 

12,  MUNIMENTA  Gildhall^  Londoniensis  ;  Liber  Albus,  Liber  Cus- 
tumaram,  et  Liber  Horn,  in  archivis  Gildhallse  asservati.  Yol.  I., 
Liber  Albus.  Yol.  11.  (in  Two  Parts),  Liber  Custamarum.  Vol  III., 
Translation  of  the  Anglo-Norman  Passages  in  Liber  Albus,  Glossaries^ 
Appendices,  and  Index.  Edited  by  Henry  Thouas  Bilet,  Esq.,  M.  A., 
Barrister-at-Law.     1 859-1 862. 

The  manuscript  of  the  Liber  AJbus,  compiled  by  John  Carpenter,  Common 
Clerk  of  ^e  City  of  London  in  the  year  1419,  a  large  folio  Yolnme,  is  pre- 
served in  the  Record  Room  of  the  City  of  London.  It  gives  an  account  of 
the  laws,  regulations,  and  institutions  of  that  City  in  the  twelfth,  thirteenth, 
fourteenth,  and  early  part  of  the  fifteenth  centuries. 

The  Liber  Custumarwn  was  compiled  probably  by  various  hands  in  the  early 
part  of  the  fourteenth  century  during  the  reign  of  Edward  11.  The  manuscript, 
a  folio  volume,  is  also  preserved  in  the  Record  Room  of  the  City  of  London, 
though  some  portion  in  its  original  state,  borrowed  from  the  City  in  the  reign 
of  Queen  Elizabeth  and  never  returned,  forms  part  of  the  Cottonian  MS. 
Claudius  D.  II.  in  the  British  Museum.  It  also  gives  an  account  of  the  lawa, 
regulations,  and  institutions  of  the  City  of  London  in  the  twelfth,  thirteenth,  and 
early  part  of  the  fourteenth  centuries. 

13,  Chronica  Johannis  db  Oxenedes.     Edited  by   Sir  Henrt  Ellis, 

K.H.     1859. 

Although  this  Chronicle  tells  of  the  arrival  of  Hengist  and  Horsa  in  England 
in  the  year  449,  yet  it  substantially  begins  with  the  reign  of  King  Alfied,  and 


18 

ocymes  down  to  the  year  1292,  where  it  ends  abraptlj-.  The  history  is  particii- 
lariy  yalaable  for  notices  of  events  in  the  eastern  portions  of  the  kingdom, 
which  are  not  to  be  elsewhere  obtained,  and  some  carious  facts  are  mentioned 
relative  to  the  floods  in  that  part  of  England,  which  are  confirmed  in  the  Fries- 
land  Chronicle  of  Anthony  Heinrich,  pastor  of  the  Island  of  Mohr. 

14.  A  Collection  op  Political  Poems  and  Songs  relating  to  English 

HiSTORT,  PROM    THE  ACCESSION    OP   EdWARD  III.   TO   THE   ReIGN  OP 

Henrt  Vm.  Vols.  I.  and  II.  Edited  hy  Thomas  Wright,  Esq., 
M.A.     1859-1861. 

These  Poems  are  perhaps  the  most  interesting  of  all  the  historical  writings  of 
the  period,  though  they  cannot  be  relied  on  for  accuracy  of  statement  They 
are  various  in  character ;  some  are  upon  religions  subjects,  some  may  be  called 
satires,  and  some  give  no  more  than  a  court  scandal ;  but  as  a  whole  they  pre- 
sent a  very  fair  picture  of  society,  and  of  the  relations  of  the  different  classes 
to  one  another.  The  period  comprised  is  in  itself  interesting,  and  brings  us, 
through  the  decline  of  the  feudal  system,  to  the  beginning  of  our  modem 
history.    The  songs  in  old  English  are  of  considerable  value  to  the  philologist. 

15.  The  "  Opus  Tertium,"  "  Opus  Minus,"  &c.,  of  Roger  Bacon.  Edited 
by  J.  S.  Brewer,  M.A.,  Professor  of  English  Literature,  King's 
College,  London.     1859. 

This  is  the  celebrated  treatise — never  before  printed->80  frequently  referred 
to  by  the  great  philosopher  in  his  works.  It  contains  the  fullest  details  we 
possess  of  the  life  and  labours  of  Roger  Bacon  :  also  a  fragment  by  the  same 
author,  supposed  to  be  unique,  the  "  Compendium  Studii  Th^ogia** 

16.  BARTHOLOMiEI    DE    COTTON,    MONACHI     NORWICENSIS,    HiSTORIA    An- 

glicana  ;  449-1298  :  necnon  ejusdem  Liber  de  Archiepiscopis  et 
Episcopis  Angliae.  Edited  hy  Henry  Eichakds  Luard,  M.A.,  Fellow 
and  Assistant  Tutor  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge.     1859. 

The  author,  a  monk  of  Norwich,  has  here  given  ns  a  Chronicle  of  England 
from  the  arrival  of  the  Saxons  in  449  to  the  year  1298,  in  or  about  which  year 
it  appears  that  he  died.  The  latter  portion  of  this  history  (the  whole  of  the 
reign  of  Edward  I.  more  especially)  is  of  great  value,  as  the  writer  was  con- 
temporary with  the  events  vhich  he  records-  An  Appendix  contains  several 
illustrative  documents  connected  with  the  previous  narrative. 

17.  Brut  t  Ttwtsogion;  or,  The  Chronicle  of  the  Princes  of  Wales. 
Edited  by  the  Rev.  John  Williams  ab  Ithel,  M.A.     1860. 

This  work,  also  known  as  *•  The  Chronicle  of  the  Princes  of  Wales,"  has 
been  attributed  to  Caradoc  of  Llancarvan,  who  flourished  about  the  middle  of 
the  twelfth  century.  It  is  written  in  the  ancient  Welsh  language,  begins  with 
the  abdication  and  death  of  Caedwala  at  Rome,  in  the  year  6S1,  and  continues 
the  history  down  to  the  subjugation  of  Wales  by  Edward  I.,  about  the  year  1282. 

18.  A  Collection  op   Royal  and   Historical  Letters  during  the 

Reign  op  Henry  IV.  1399-1404.  Edited  by  the  Rev.  F.  C.  Hin- 
GESTON,  M.A.,  of  Exeter  College,  Oxford.    1860. 

This  volume,  like  all  the  others  in  the  series  containing  a  miscellaneous  selec- 
tion of  letters,  is  valuable  on  account  of  the  light  it  throws  upon  biographical 
history,  and  the  familiar  view  it  presents  of  characters,  manners,  and  events. 
The  period  requires  much  elucidation ;  to  which  it  will  materially  contribute. 

19.  The  Repressor  op  over  much  Blaming  op  the  Clergy.  By 
Reginald  Pecock,  sometime  Bishop  of  Chichester.  Vols.  I.  and  II. 
EdiUd  by  Churchill  Babington,  B.D.,  Fellow  of  St.  John's  College,' 
Cambridge.     1860. 

The  "  Repressor  "  may  be  considered  the  earliest  piece  of  good  theological  dis- 
uisition  of  which  our  English  prose  literature  can  boast    The  author  was  bom 


14 

aboat  the  end  of  the  foait^enth  century,  consecrated  Bishop  of  St  Asaph  in 
the  year  1444,  and  translated  to  the  see  of  Chichester  in  1450.  While  Bishop  of 
St.  Asaph,  he  zealonsly  defended  his  brother  prelates  from  the  attacks  of  those 
who  censured  the  bishops  for  their  neglect  of  daty.  He  maintained  that  it  was  no 
part  of  a  bishop's  functions  to  appear  in  the  pulpit,  and  that  his  time  might  be 
more  profitably  spent,  and  his  dignity  better  mamtained,  in  the  performance  <^ 
works  of  a  higher  character.  Amon^  those  who  thought  differently  were  the 
Lollards,  and  against  their  general  doetnnes  the  **  Repressor  *'  is  directed.  Pecock 
took  up  a  position  midway  between  that  of  the  Roman  Church  and  that  of  the 
modem  Aiiglican  Church ;  but  lus  work  is  interesting  chiefly  because  it  gives  a 
full  account  of  the  views  of  the  Lollards  and  of  the  arguments  by  wUch  they  were 
supported,  and  because  it  assists  us  to  ascertain  the  state  of  feeling  whidi  ulti- 
mately led  to  the  Reformation.  Apart  from  religious  matters,  the  light  thrown  upon 
contemporaneous  history  is  very  small,  but  die  **  Repressor "  has  great  value 
for  the  philologist,  as  it  tells  us  what  were  the  characteristics  of  the  language  in 
use  among  the  ciUtivated  Englishmen  of  the  fifteenth  century.  Pecock,  though 
an  opponent  of  the  Lollards,  showed  a  certmn  spirit  of  toleration,  for  which  he 
received,  towards  the  end  of  his  life,  the  usual  mediasval  rewaid-^>ersecation. 

20.  Annalks  Gambrls.  Edited  by  the  Rev.  John  Williams  ab  Ithel^ 
M.A.    I860. 

These  annals,  which  are  in  Latin,  commence  in  the  year  447,  and  come  down 
to  the  year  1 288.  The  earlier  portion  appears  to  be  taken  from  an  Irish  Chrtmiole, 
which  was  also  used  by  Tigemach,  and  by  the  compiler  of  the  Annals  of  Ulster. 
During  its  first  century  it  contains  scarcely  anything  relating  to  Britain,  the 
earliest  direct  concurrence  with  English  histoiy  is  relative  to  the  mission  of 
Angvstine.  Its  notices  throughout  thou^  brief,  are  valuable.  The  annals 
were  probably  written  at  St.  Davids,  by  Blegewryd,  Archdeacon  of  Llandafi, 
the  most  learned  man  in  his  day  in  all  Cyniru. 

21.  Thb  Works  of  Giraldus  Cambrensis.  Vols.  L,  II.,  III.,  and  IV. 
Edited  by  J.  S.  Bbewer,  M.A.,  Professor  of  English  Literature,  King's 
College,  London.  Vols.  V.  and  VI.  Edited  by  the  Rev.  Jahes  F. 
DiMOCK,  M.A.,  Rector  of  Bamburgh,  Yorkshire.     1861-1873. 

These'  volumes  contain  the  historical  works  of  Gerald  du  Bany,  who  lived 
in  the  reigns  of  Henry  II.,  Richard  I.,  and  John,  and  attempted  to  re-establish 
the  independence  of  Wales  by  restoring  the  see  of  St.  Davids  to  its  ancient 
primacy.  His  works  are  of  a  very  miscellaneous  nature,  both  in  prose  and 
verse,  and  are  remarkable  chiefly  for  the  racy  and  original  anecdotes  which 
they  contain  relating  to  contemporaries.  He  is  the  only  Welsh  writer  of  any 
importance  who  has  contributed  so  much  to  the  mediaeval  literature  of  this 
country,  or  assumed,  in  consequence  of  his  nationality,  so  free  and  independent 
a  tone.  His  fre(}uent  travels  in  Italy,  in  France,  in  Ireland,  and  in  Wales,  gave 
him  opportunities  for  observation  which  did  not  generally  fsll  to  the  lot  of  medisval 
writers  in  the  twelfth  and  thirteenth  centuries,  and  of  these  observations  Giraldua 
has  made  due  use.  Only  extracts  from  these  treatises  have  been  printed  before, 
and  almost  all  of  them  are  taken  from  unique  manuscripts. 

The  Topographia  Hibemica  (in  Vol.  V.)  is  the  result  of  Ginddus'  two  visits  to 
Ireland.  The  first  in  the  year  1 188,  the  second  in  1 185-6,  when  he  acoompanied 
Prince  John  into  that  country.  Curious  as  this  treatise  is,  Mr.  Dfanock  is  of 
opinion  that  it  ought  not  to  be  accepted  as  sober  truthful  history,  for  Giraldus 
himself  states  that  truth  was  not  his  main  object,  and  that  he  compiled  the  work 
for  the  purpose  of  sounding  the  praises  of,  Henry  the  Second.  Elsewhere,  how* 
ever,  he  declares  that  he  had  stated  nothing  in  the  Topographia  of  the  truth  of 
which  he  was  not  well  assured,  either  by  his  own  eyesight  or  by  the  testimony, 
with  all  diligence  elicited,  of  the  most  trustworthy  and  authentic  men  in  the 
oountry  ;  that  though  he  did  not  put  just  the  same  fbU  fiuth  in  their  repoits  as 
in  what  he  had  himself  seen,  yet,  as  they  only  related  what  they  had  themselves 
seen,  he  could  not  but  believe  such  credible  witnesses.  A  very  interesting  portion 
of  this  treatise  is  devoted  to  the  animals  of  Ireland.  It  shows  that  he  was  a  very 
accurate  and  acute  observer,  and  his  descriptions  are  given  in  a  way  that  a 
scientific  naturalist  of  the  present  day  could  hardly  improve  upon.  The  £zpng« 
natio  Hibemica  was  written  about  the  year  1 188  and  may  be  regarded  rather 


15 

as  a  great  epic  than  a  sober  relation  of  acts  occurring  in  his  own  days.    No 
one  can  perose  it  irithoat  coming  to  the  conelnsion  that  it  is  rather  a  poetical 
fiction  tlum  a  prosaic  trothful  history. 
Vol.  VL  contains  the  Itineraricun  Eambriss  et  Descriptio  EambrisB. 

22.  Letters  and  Papers  illustrative  op  the  Wars  op  the  English 
IN  France  during  the  Reign  op  Henry  the  Sixth,  King  op  Eng- 
land. Vol.  I.,  and  Vol.  II.  (in  Two  Parts).  Edited  by  the  Rev.  Joseph 
Stevenson,  M.A.,  of  University  College,  Durham,  and  Vicar  of  Leighton 
Buzzard.     1861-1864. 

The  letters  and  papers  contained  in  these  yolomes  are  deriyed  chiefly  from 
originals  or  contemporary  copies  extant  in  the  Biblioth^ue  Impdriale,  and  the 
I>ep6t  des  Archiyes,  in  Paris.  They  illostrate  the  line  of  policy  adopted  by 
John  Dnke  of  Bedford  and  his  snccessors  daring  their  goyemment  of  Normandy, 
and  such  other  proyinces  of  France  as  had  been  acquired  by  Henry  V.  We 
may  here  trace,  step  by  step,  the  gradual  declension  of  the  English  power,  until 
we  are  prepared  to  read  of  its  final  oyerthrow. 

23.  The  Anglo-Saxon  Chboniole,  according  to  the  several  Original 

Authorities.    Vol.  I.,  Original  Texts.    Vol.  U.,  Translation.    Edited 

and  translated  by  Benjamin  Thorpe,  Esq.,  Member  of  the  Bojal 

Acadeipy  of  Sciences  at  Munich,  and  of  the  Society  of  Netherlandish 

Literature  at  Leyden.    1861. 

This  Chronicle,  extending  from  the  earliest  history  of  Britain  to  the  year 
1 1 54,  is  jnstly  the  boast  of  England ;  for  no  other  nation  can  produce  any  history, 
written  in  its  own  yemacular,  at  all  approaching  it,  either  in  antiqoiw,  tmthful- 
ness,  or  extent,  the  historical  books  of  the  Bible  alone  excepted.  There  are  at 
present  six  independent  manuscripts  of  the  Saxon  Chronicle,  ending  in  different 
years,  and  written  in  different  parts  of  the  comitry.  In  tUs  edition,  the  text 
of  each  mannscript  is  printed  in  columns  on  the  same  page,  so  that  the  student 
may  see  at  a  glance  the  yarious  changes  which  occur  in  orthography,  whe^er 
arising  from  locality  or  age. 

24.  Letters  and  Papers  illustrative  of  the  Reigns  of  Richard  IIL 

AND  Henrt  YII.    Vols.  I.  and  II.     Edited  by  Jakes  Gairdner,  Esq. 

1861-1863. 

The  Papers  are  deriyed  from  MSS.  in  the  Public  Record  Office,  the  British 
Museum,  and  other  repositories.  The  period  to  which  they  refer  is  nnusnally 
destitute  of  chronicles  and  other  sources  of  historical  information,  so  that  the 
light  obtained  from  these  documents  is  of  special  importance.  The  )>rincipal 
contents  of  the  yolumes  are  some  diplomatic  Papers  of  Richard  in. ;  correspon- 
dence between  Henry  VII.  and  Ferdinand  and  Isabella  of  Spain ;  documents 
relating  to  Edmund  de  la  Pole,  Karl  of  Suffolk ;  and  a  portion  of  the  corre- 
spondence of  James  IV.  of  Scotland. 

25.  Letters  of  Bishop  Grosseteste,  illustrative  of  the  Social  Condition 

of  his  Time.  Edited  by  Henrt  Richards  Luard,  M.A.,  Fellow  and 

Assistant  Tutor  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge.  1861. 

The  Letters  of  Robert  Grosseteste  (131  in  number)  are  here  collected  fromTarions 
sources,  and  a  large  portion  of  them  is  printed  for  the  first  time.  They  range  in 
date  from  about  1210  to  1253,  and  relate  to  various  matters  connected  not  only 
with  the  political  history  of  Bngland  during  the  reign  of  Henry  IIL,  but  with 
its  ecclesiastical  condition.  They  ref^v  especially  to  the  diocese  of  Lmcoln,  of 
which  Grosseteste  was  bishop. 

26.  DESCRiPTiyE  Catalogue  of  Manuscripts  relatinq  to  the  History 

OF  Great  Britain  and  Ireland.    Vol.  I.  (in  Two  Farts)  ;  Anterior 

to  the  Norman  Invasion.     Vol.  11.;  1066-1200.    Vol. HI.;  1200-1327. 

By  Sir  Thomas  Duffus  Hardt,  D.C.L.,  Deputy  Keeper  of  the  Public 

Records.     1862-1871. 

The  olject  of  this  work  is  to  publish  notices  of  all  known  sources  of  British 
history,  both  printed  and  nnprinted,  in  one  continued  sequence,  llie  materials, 
when  historical  (as  distinguished  from  biographical),  are  arranged  undv  the 
year  in  which  the  latest  event  is  recorded  in  Uie  chronicle  or  history,  and  not 


16 

under  the  period  in  whieli  its  author,  real  or  supposed,  flourished.  Biographies 
are  enamerated  under  the  year  in  which  the  person  commemorated  died,  and  not 
mider  the  year  in  which  the  life  was  written.  This  arrangement  has  two 
advantages  ;  the  materials  for  any  given  period  may  be  seen  at  a  glance  ;  and 
if  the  reader  knows  the  time  when  an  author  wrote,  and  the  number  of  yean 
that  had  elapsed  between  the  date  of  the  events  and  the  time  the  writer  flooiuhed, 
he  will  generally  be  enabled  to  form  a  fair  estimate  of  the  comparative  value  of 
the  narrative  itself.  A  brief  analysis  of  each  work  has  been  added  when  deserving^ 
it,  in  which  the  ori^nal  portions  are  distinguished  from  those  which  are  mere 
compilations.  When  possible,  the  sources  are  iudicated  from  which  such  com- 
pilations have  been  derived.  A  biographical  sketch  of  the  author  of  each  piece 
has  been  added,  and  a  brief  notice  has  also  been  given  of  such  British  authors  as 
have  written  on  historical  subjects. 

27.  ROTAL  AND  OTHER  HiSTOBICAL  LETTERS  ILLUSTRATIVE  OF   THE  ReIGN 

OP  Henry  HI.     Vol.  L,  1216-1235.     Vol.  IL,  1236-1272.     Selected 

and  edited  by  the  Rev.  W.  W.  Shibley,  D.D.,  Regius  Professor  in 

Ecclesiastical  History,  and  Canon  of  Christ  Church,  Oxford,     1862- 

1866. 

The  letters  contained  in  these  volumes  are  derived  chiefly  from  the  ancient 
correspondence  formerly  in  the  Tower  of  London^  and  now  in  the  Public  Kecord 
Office.  Thej  illustrate  the  political  historj  of  England  during  the  growth  of 
its  liberties,  and  throw  considerable  light  upon  the  personal  history  of  Simon  de 
Montfort  The  affidrs  of  France  form  the  subject  of  many  of  them,  especially 
in  regard  to  the  province  of  Gascony.  The  entire  collection  consists  of  nearly 
700  documents,  the  greater  portion  of  which  is  printed  for  the  first  time. 

28.  Chronica  Monasterh  S.  Albani. — ^L  TnoMiE  Walsingham  Historia 
Anglicana  ;  Vol.  L,  1272-1381 :  Vol.  II.,  1381-1422.  a  Willelmi 
Rishanger  Chronica  et  Annales,  1259-1307.  8.  Johannis  db 
Trokelowe  et  Henrici  be  Blaneforde  Chronica  et  Annales, 
1259-1296  ;  1307-1324  ;  1392-1406.  4.  Gesta  Abbatum  Monasterh 
S.  Albani,  a  Thoma  Walsingham,  regnante  Ricardo  Secunik), 
EJtTSDEM  ECCLESIJE  Pr/ecentore,  compilata  ;  Vol.  I.,  793-1290 : 
Vol.  n.,  1290-1349  :  Vol.  III.,  1349-1411.  5.  Johannis  Amundeshait, 
Monachi  Monaster!!  S.  Albani,  ut  videtur,  Annales;  Vols.  I. 
and  II.  e.  Registra  quorundam  Abbatum  Monasterh  S.  Albani» 
qui  siECULO  xv™o  FLORUERE ;  Vol.  I.,  Registrum  Abbatle  Johannis 
Whethamstede,  Abbatis  Monasterh  Sancti  Albani,  iterum 
suscEPT-ffi ;  Roberto  Blakenet,  Capellano,  quondam  adscriptum  : 
Vol.  IL,  Registra  Johannis  Whetha>istbde,  Willelmi  Albon,  et 
Willelmi  Walingfordb,  Abbatum  Monasterh  Sancti  Albani,  cum 
Appendice,  continente  quasdam  Epistolas,  a  Johanne  Whetham- 
stede CoNSCRiPTAS.  Edited  by  Henry  Thomas  Rilet,  Esq.,  M.A., 
Cambridge  and  Oxford  ;  and  of  the  Inner  Temple,  Barrister-at-Law. 
1863-1873. 

In  the  first  two  yolmnes  is  a  history  of  England,  firom  the  death  of  Henry 
m.  to  the  death  of  Henry  V.,  written  hy  Thomas  Walsingham,  Preoentor  of 
St.  Alhans  and  prior  of  the  cell  of  Wymimdham,  belonging  to  that  abbey. 
It  is  printed  from  MS.  VII.  in  the  Amndel  Collection  in  the  Goll^  of  Arms, 
London,  a  manuscript  of  the  fifteenth  centnry,  collated  with  MS.  IS  £.  IX.  in  the 
King's  Idbrary  in  die  British  Mnseam,  and  MS.  VIL  in  the  Parker  Collection 
of  Mannscripts  at  CoTpns  Christ!  CoUege,  Cambridge. 

In  the  third  yolome  is  a  Chronicle  of  English  History,  attributed  to  William 
Rishanger,  monk  of  Saint  Albans,  who  lived  in  the  reign  of  Edward  I., 
printed  from  the  Cottoniaa  Manuscript,  Faustina  B.  IX  (of  the  fourteenth 
century)  in  the  British  Museum,  collated  with  MS.  14  C.  VTI.  (fols.  219- 
231)  in  the  King's  Library,  British  Museum,  and  the  Cottonian  Manuscript, 
Claudius  B.  III.,  fbls.  806--3dl :  Also  aa  account  of  transactions  attending  the 
award  of  the  kingdom  of  Scotland  to  John  Balliol  by  Edward  I.,  1291-1292, 
from  MS.  Cotton.  Claudius  D.  YL,  attributed  to  William  Rishanger  above 
mentioned,  but  on  no  sufficient  ground:  A  short  Chronicle  of  English  History, 


17 

from  1898  to  1300,  by  an  imknown  hand,  from  MS.  Cotton.  Clandias  D.  VI. : 
A  short  Chronicle  from  1297  to  1307,  WiUelmi  Kishanger  Gesta  Edwazdi 
Primi  Regis  Angliae,  from  MS.  14  C.  I.  in  the  Royal  Library,  and  MS.  Cotton. 
Claadius  D.  VI.,  wi^  an  addition  of  Annales  Regom  Anglise,  probably  by  the 
same  hand:  A  fra^ent  of  a  Chronicle  of  English  History,  1299,  1300,  fr^om 
MS.  Cotton.  Clandins  D.  VI. :  A  ftvAment  of  a  Chronicle  of  English  Histoiy 
1295  to  ISQO,  ftt>m  MS.  Cotton.  Qaudios  D.  VI. :  and  a  fragment  of  a  Chronicle 
of  English  History,  1285  to  1307,  from  MS.  U  C.  I.  in  the  Royal  Library. 

In  the  fourth  volume  is  a  Chronicle  of  English  History,  by  an  anonymous 
writer,  1259  to  1296,  from  MS.  Cotton.  Claadius  D.  VI. :  Annals  of  Edward  II. 
1307  to  1323,  by  John  de  Trokelowe  a  monk  of  St.  Albans,  from  MS.  Cotton! 
Clandias  D.  VI. :  A  continuation  of  Trokelowe's  Annals,  1323,  1324,  by 
Henricas  de  Blaneforde,  from  MS.  Cotton.  Claudius  D.  VI. :  A  full  Chronicle 
of  English  Historr,  by  an  am>nymous  writer  of  St  Albans,  1392  to  1406,  from 
MS.  Vn.  in  the  Libraiy  of  Corpus  Christi  CoU^e,  Cambridge ;  and  an  account 
of  the  benelkctors  of  St  Albans,  written  in  the  early  part  of  the  fifteenth 
century,  from  MS.  VL  in  the  same  Library. 

The  fifth,  sixth,  and  seventh  volumes  contain  a  history  of  the  Abbots  of 
St  Albans,  and  of  the  fortunes  and  vicissitudes  of  the  house,  fW>m  793  to  1411 
mainly  compiled  by  Thomas  Walsingham,  Precentor  of  the  Abbey  in  the  reign 
of  Richard  11. ;  ihmi  MS.  Cotton.  Claadius  E.  IV.,  in  the  British  Museum ; 
with  a  Continuation,  from  the  closing  pages  of  the  Parker  MS.  No.  VH.,  in  the 
library  of  Corpus  Christi  College,  Cambndge. 

The  eighth  and  ninth  volumes,  in  continuation  of  the  Annals,  contain  a 
Chronicle,  probably  written  by  Jolm  Amnndesham,  a  monk  of  St.  Albans. 

The  tendi  and  eleventh  volumes  relate  especially  to  the  acts  and  proceedings 
of  Abbots  Whethamstede,  Albon,  and  Wallingford,  and  may  be  considered  as  a 
memorial  of  the  chief  historical  and  domestic  events  occurring  during  those 
periods. 

29.  Chronicon  Abbatls  Eveshambnsis,  Auctobibus  DoMunco  Priobb 

EYBSHAiniB   ET  ThOMA  DE  MaRLEBERGE  AbBATE,  A  FuNDATIONB   AD 

Annum  1213,  una  cum  Continuatione  ad  Annum  1418.    Edited  by 
the  Rev.  W.  D.  Macrat,  MA.»  Bodleian  Library,  Oxford.     1863. 

The  Chronicle  of  Evesham  illustrates  the  history  of  that  important  monastery 
from  its  foundation  by  Egwin,  about  690,  to  the  year  1418.  Its  chief  feature  is 
an  autobiography,  which  makes  us  acquainted  witii  the  inner  daily  life  of  a 
great  abbey,  such  as  but  rarely  has  been  recorded.  Interspersed  are  many 
notices  of  general,  personal,  and  local  history  which  will  be  lead  with  much 
interest    Tbis  work  exists  in  a  single  MS.,  and  is  for  the  first  time  printed. 

30.  RiGARDi  DE  Cirencestria  Speculum  Historialb  de  Gestis  Requm 

Anglus.    Vol.  I.,  447-871.    VoL  11.,  872-1066.  Edited  hy  John  E.  B. 
Mator,  M.A.,  Fellow  of  St.  John's  College,  Cambridge.     1863-1869. 

The  compiler,  Aichard  of  Cirencester,  was  a  monk  of  Westminster,  1355* 
1400.  In  1891  he  obtained  a  licence  to  make  a  pilgrimage  to  Rome.  His 
history,  in  four  books,  extends  from  447  to  1066.  He  announces  his  intention 
of  continuing  it,  but  there  is  no  evidence  that  he  completed  any  more.  This 
chronicle  gives  many  charters  in  fJAvour  of  Westminster  Abbey,  and  a  veiy  full 
account  of  the  lives  and  miracles  of  the  saints,  especially  of  Edward  the  Con- 
fessor, whose  reign  occupies  the  fourth  book.  A  treatise  on  the  Coronation,  by 
William  of  Sudbury,  a  monk  of  Westminster,  fills  book  iii.  c  a.  It  was  on  thu 
author  that  C.  J.Bertram  fathered  his  forgery,  De  Situ  Brittania,  in  1747. 

31.  Tear  Books  of  the  Reign  op  Edward  the  First.  Years  20-21, 
21-22,  30-31,  and  32-33.  Edited  and  translated  by  Alfred  John 
HoRWOOD,  Esq.,  of  the  Middle  Temple,  Banister-at-Law.    1863-1878. 

The  Yolnmcs  known  as  the  '*  Year  Books"  contain  reporto  in  Koiman-French 
of  cases  argned  and  decided  in  the  Courts  of  Common  Law.  They  may  be  con- 
ndered  to  a  gieat  extent  as  the  '*  lex  non  seripta  "  of  England,  and  ha^e  be^  held 
in  the  highest  yeneration  by  the  ancient  sages  of  the  law,  and  were  leoeiTed  by 
them  as  the  leporitones  of  tJie  first  lecorded  Jodgmaits  and  dicta  of  the  great 

'  a274U  I,  L 


18 

legal  luminaries  of  past  ages.  They  are  also  worthy  of  the  attention  of  the 
general  reader  on  account  of  the  historical  information  and  the  notices  of  poblie 
and  priyate  persons  which  they  contain,  as  well  as  the  light  which  they  dirow 
on  ancient  manners  and  customs. 

82.  NiJBRATITBS    OF  THE  EXPULSION  OF    THE    ENGLISH   FBOU  NORMANDT, 

1449-1450. — ^RobertuB  Blondelli  de  Reductione  Normanniffi :  Le  Re- 
couvrement  de  Normendie,  par  Berry,  H^rault  du  Roy  :  Conferences 
between  the  Ambassadors  of  France  and  England.  Edited^  from  MSS, 
in  the  Imperial  Library  at  PariSy  by  the  Rey.  Joseph  Stevenson, 
M.A.,  of  University  College,  Durham.     1863. 

This  Yolome  contains  the  narrative  of  an  eje-vitness  who  details  with  con- 
siderable power  and  minnteness  the  circnmstances  which  attended  Ae  final  ez- 
pulflion  of  the  English  firom  Normandy  in  the  year  1450.  The  history  commenoes 
with  the  infringement  of  the  trace  by  the  capture  of  Foog^res,  and  ends  with 
the  battle  of  Formigny  and  the  embarkation  of  the  Duke  of  Somerset.  The 
whole  period  embraced  is  less  tban  two  years. 

33.  HiSTORiA  ET  Cabtulaeium  Monasterh  S.  Petri  Gloucestbije.    Vols. 

I.,  II.,  and  IIL  Edited  by  W.  H.  Hart,  Esq.,  F.S.A.,  Membre  corre- 
Bpondant  de  la  Soci6t6  des  Antiquaires  de  Normandie.     1863-1867. 

This  work  consists  of  two  parts,  the  History  and  the  Oartolary  of  the  Monast4^ 
of  St.  Peter,  Gloucester.  The  history  fhmishes  an  account  of  the  monastery 
from  its  foundation,  in  the  year  681,  to  the  early  part  of  the  reign  of  Richard  IL, 
together  with  a  calendar  of  donations  and  bene&etions.  It  treats  principally  of 
the  affiurs  of  the  monastery,  but  occasionally  matters  of  general  history  are 
introduced.  Its  authorship  has  generally  been  assigned  to  Walter  Froucester, 
the  twentieth  abbot,  but  without  any  foundation. 

34.  ALBXAin>Ri  Nbckah  de  Naturis  Rerum  libri  duo  ;  with  Neckam's 
Poem,  De  Laudibus  DiyiNiB  Sapientls.  Edited  by  Thomas  Wright, 
Esq.,  UJL.     1863. 

Neckam  was  a  man  who  devoted  himself  to  science,  such  as  it  was  in  the 
twelAh  century.  In  the  '*  De  Naturis  Rerum  "  are  to  be  found  what  may  be 
called  the  rudiments  of  many  sciences  mixed  up  with  much  error  and  ignorance. 
Neckam  was  not  thought  in&Ilible,  even  by  his  contemporaries,  for  Roger  Bacon 
remarks  of  him,  **  this  Alexander  in  many  things  wrote  what  was  true  and  useful ; 
«  but  he  neither  can  nor  ought  by  just  title  to  be  reckoned  among  authorities.'* 
Neckam,  however,  had  sufficient  independence  of  thought  to  differ  from  some 
of  the  schoolmen  who  in  his  tune  considered  themselves  &e  only  judges  of  litera- 
ture. He  had  his  own  views  in  morals,  and  in  giving  us  a  glimpse  of  them,  as 
well  as  of  his  other  opinions,  he  throws  much  Ught  upon  the  manners,  customs, 
and  general  tone  of  thought  prevalent  in  the  twdSi  century.  The  poem  entitled 
**  De  Laudibus  Divins  Sapientis "  appears  to  be  a  metrical  paraphrase  or 
abridgment  of  the  "  De  Naturis  Rerum."  It  is  written  in  the  elegiac  metre ; 
and  though  there  are  many  lines  which  violate  classical  roles,  it  is,  as  a  whole, 
above  the  ordinary  standard  of  mediffival  Latin. 

36.  LeechdomSj  Wortcunhino,  and  Starcraft  of  Early  Ekglakd;  being 
a  Collection  of  Doenments  illustrating  the  Histoiy  of  Science  in  this 
Country  before  the  Norman  Conquest  Vols.  I.,  IL,  and  IIL  Collected 
and  edited  by  the  Rev.  T.  Oswald  Cockayne,  M.A.,  of  St  John's 
College,  Cambridge,     1864-1866. 

This  work  illustrates  not  onhr  the  history  of  science,  bat  the  histoiy  of  saper- 
stition.  In  addition  to  the  information  bearing  directly  npon  the  medical  »mi 
and  medical  faith  of  the  times,  there  are  many  passages  which  incidentally  throw 
light  upon  the  general  mode  of  life  and  ordinary  diet  The  Tolames  are  mteresting 
not  only  in  their  scientific,  bnt  also  in  their  social  aspect  Ihe  maonseripts  fr^ 
which  tJiey  haye  been  printed  are  yalnable  to  the  Anglo-Saxon  scholar  for  th^ 
iUnstntions  tlie^  afford  of  Anglo-Saxon  orthogiapliy. 


19 

S6»  Anitalbs  Monastic!.  Vol.  I. : — Annales  de  Margan,  1066-1232  ; 
Annales  de  Theokesberia,  1066-1263  ;  Annales  de  Burton,  1004-1263. 
Vol.  II. : — ^Annales  Monasterii  de  Wintonia,  519-1277 ;  Annales  Mo- 
nasterii  de  Waverleia,  1-1291.  Vol.  III. : — ^Annales  Prioratus  de 
Dunstaplia,  1-1297  ;  Annales  Monasterii  de  Bermundeseia,  1042« 
1432.  Vol.  IV. : — ^^nales  Monasterii  de  Oseneia^  1016-1347;  Chroni- 
con  Tulgo  dictum  Chronicon  Thomas  Wykes,  1066-1289 ;  Annales 
Prioratus  de  Wigomiay  1-1377.  Vol.  V.  : — Index  and  Glossary.  Edited 
by  Hbnbt  Richards  Luahd,  M.A.,  Fellow  and  Assistant  Tutor  of 
Trinity  College,  and  Registrary  of  the  University,  Cambridge.  1864- 
1869. 

The  present  coUectioii  of  Monastic  Annals  embraces  all  the  more  important 
chronicles  compiled  in  religions  houses  in  England  daring  the  thirteenth 
centnrj.  These  distinct  works  are  ten  in  number.  The  extreme  period 
which  they  embrace  ranges  from  the  year  1  to  1432,  although  they  refer  more 
especially  to  the  reigns  of  John,  Henry  III.,  and  Edward  I.  Some  of  these  nam^ 
tives  have  already  appeared  in  print,  but  others  are  printed  for  the  first  time. 

37.  Magna  Vita  S.  Hugonis  Episoopi  Lincolniensis.    From  Manuscripts 

in  the  Bodleian  Library,  Oxford,  and  the  Imperial  Library,  Paris.  Edited 
by  the  Rev.  James  F.  Dimock,  M.A.,  Rector  of  Barnburgh,  Yorkshire. 
1864. 

This  work  contains  a  number  of  very  curiona  and  interestioff  incidents,  and, 
being  the  work  of  a  contemporary,  is  yery  yaJnable,  not  only  as  a  truthful 
biography  of  a  celebrated  ecclesiastic,  bat  as  the  work  of  a  man,  who,  from  per* 
sonal  knowledge,  gives  notices  of  passing  eyents,  as  veil  as  of  indiyidnals  who 
were  then  takmg  active  part  in  public  affiurs.  The  author,  in  all  probability, 
was  Adam  Abbot  of  Evesham.  He  was  domestic  chaplain  and  private  confessor 
of  Bishop  Hugh,  and  in  these  capacities  was  admitted  to  the  closest  intimacy. 
Bishop  Hugh  was  Prior  of  Witham  for  11  years  before  he  became  Bii^op  of 
Lincoln.  His  consecration  took  place  on  the  21  st  September  1186  ;  he  died  on 
the  16th  of  November  1200 ;  and  was  canonised  in  1220. 

38.  Chronicles  and  Memorials  of  the  Reign  of  Richard  the  First* 
Vol.  I. : — ^Itinbrarium  Fereorinorum  et  Gesta  Regis  Rioardi. 
Vol.  n. : — ^Epistolje  Caittuarienses  ;  the  Letters  of  the  Prior  and 
Convent  of  Christ  Church,  Canterbury;  1187  to  1199.  Edited  by 
William  Stubbs,  M.A.y  Vicar  of  Navestock,  Essex,  and  Lambeth 
Librarian.     1864-1865. 

The  anthorship  of  the  Chronicle  in  Vol.  I.,  hitherto  ascribed  to  QeoHrej 
Vinesauf,  is  now  more  coirectlj  ascribed  to  Richard,  Canon  of  the  Holy  Trinity 
of  London.  The  narratLye  extends  from  1187  to  1199;  bnt  its  chief  interest 
consists  in  the  nunnte  and  anthentie  narratiye  which  it  fbmishes  of  the  exploits 
of  Kchaid  I.,  from  his  departure  from  England  in  December  1189  to  his  death 
in  1199.  The  author  states  in  his  prologue  that  he  was  an  eje-witneis  of  mueh 
that  he  records  ;  and  yarious  incidental  circumstances  which  occur  in  the  course 
of  the  narrative  confirm  this  assertion. 

The  letters  in  Vol.  U.,  written  between  1187  and  1199,  are  of  yalue  as 
furnishing  authentic  materials  for  the  history  of  the  ecclesiastical  condition  of 
England  during  the  reign  of  Bichard  I.  They  had  their  origin  in  a  dispute  which 
arose  from  the  attempts  of  Baldwin  and  Hubert,  archbishops  of  Canterbory,  to 
found  a  college  of  secular  canons,  a  project  wluch  gaye  great  umbrage  to  the 
monks  of  Canterbury,  who  saw  in  it  a  design  to  supplant  them  in  their  fonction 
of  metropolitan  chapter.  These  letters  are  printed,  for  the  first  time,  from  a  MS. 
belonging  to  the  archiepiscopal  library  at  Lambeth. 

39.  Bkcubil  deb  Cboniquss  kt  anohisnkbs  IsTomxs  DE  LA  Grant  Bre- 

TAIGNE  A  PRESENT  NOMMB  EnGLETKRRB,  par  JehAN  DX  WaURIN.  VoL  L, 

L  L   2 


20 

Albina  to  688.  Vol.  IL,  1399-1422.   EdUed  by  Williax  Habbt,  Esq., 
F.S-A.     1864-1868. 

40.  A  Collection  of  the  Chronicles  and  ancient  Histobcbs  of  GvSkat 
Britain,  now  called  England,  by  John  de  Wavrin.  Albina  to  688. 
(Translation  of  the  preceding  Vol.  I.)  Edited  and  translated  by 
William  Hardy,  Esq.,  F.S.A.     1864. 

This  carious  chronicle  extends  from  the  &buloas  period  of  history  down  to  the 
return  of  Edward  IV.  to  England  in  the  year  1471,  after  the  second  di^ontion  of 
Henry  YL  The  numuscript  from  which  the  text  of  the  work  is  taken  is  pre- 
served in  the  Imperial  Library  at  Paris,  and  is  believed  to  be  the  only  complete 
and  nearly  contemporary  copy  in  existence.  The  work,  as  originally  Ixmnd, 
was  comprised  in  six  volumes,  since  rebound  iu  morocco  in  12  volumes^  folio 
maximo,  vellum,  and  is  illustrated  with  exquisite  miniatures,  vignettes,  and  initial 
letters.  It  was  written  towards  the  end  of  the  fifteenth  century,  having  been 
expressly  executed  for  Louis  de  Bruges,  S^gneur  de  la  Gruthuysejmd  Earl  of 
Winchester,  from  whose  cabinet  it  passed  into  the  library  of  Louis  XU.  at  Blots. 

41.  PoLTCHRONicoN  Ranulphi HiGDEN, with Trevisa's Translation.  Vols.!, 
and  II.  Edited  by  Churchill  Babington,  B.D.,  Senior  Fellow  of 
St.  John's  College,  Cambridge.  Vols.  III.^  and  IV.  Edited  by  the 
Rev.  Joseph  Rawson  Luubt,  M.A.,  late  Fellow  of  Magdalene  Collie, 
Cambri^e.     1865-1872. 

This  is  one  of  the  many  mediseval  chronicles  which  assume  the  character  of  a 
history  of  the  world.  It  begins  with  the  creation,  and  is  brought  down  to  tiie 
author's  own  time,  the  reign  of  Edward  IIL  Prefixed  to  the  historical  portion,  is 
a  chapter  devoted  to  geography,  in  which  is  given  a  description  of  every  Imown 
land.  To  say  that  the  Polychronicon  was  written  in  the  fourteenth  century  is  to 
say  that  it  is  not  free  from  inaccuracies.  It  has,  however,  a  vidue  apart  from  its 
intrinsic  merits.  It  enables  us  to  form  a  very  fair  estimate  of  the  knowledge  of 
history  and  geogn4>hy  wluch  well-informed  readers  of  the  fourteenth  and  fifteenth 
centuries  possessed,  for  it  was  then  the  standard  work  on  general  history. 

The  two  English  translations,  which  are  printed  with  the  original  Latin,  afford 
interesting  illustrations  of  the  gradual  change  of  our  language,  for  one  was  made 
in  the  fburteenlh  century,  the  other  in  the  fifteenth.  The  differences  between 
Trevisa's  version  and  that  of  the  unknown  writer  are  often  considerable. 

42.  Le  Liters  de  Reis  de  Brittanie  e  Le  Liyere  de  Reis  de 
Engletere.  Edited  by  John  Glover,  M.A.,  Vicar  of  Brading,  Isle  of 
Wight,  formerly  Librarian  of  Trinity  College,  Cambridge.     1865. 

These  two  treatises,  though  they  cannot  rank  as  independent  narratives,  are 
nevertheless  valuable  as  careftil  abstracts  of  previous  historians,  especially  *<  Le 
livere  de  Beis  de  Engletere."  Some  various  readtnes  are  given  which  are 
interesting  to  the  philologist  as  instances  of  semi-Saxonized  Prendi. 

It  is  supposed  that  Peter  of  Ickham  must  have  been  the  author,  but  no  certain 
condnsion  on  that  point  has  been  arrived  at. 

43.  Chronica  Monabterh  de  Mslba,  ab  Anno  1150  usque  ad  Annum 

1406.  Vols.  L,  n.,  and  IIL  Edited  by  Edward  Augustus  Bond,  Esq., 
Assistant  Keeper  of  the  Manuscripts,  and  Egerton  Librarian,  British 
Museum.    1866-1868. 

The  Abbey  of  Meaux  was  a  Cistercian  house,  and  the  woik  of  its  abbot  is  both 
curious  and  valuable.  It  is  a  frdthfhl  and  often  minute  record  of  the  establishment 
of  a  religions  community,  of  its  progress  in  forming  an  ample  levenne,  of  its 
struggles  to  miuntain  its  acquintions,  and  of  its  rehttions  to  the  governing 
institutions  of  the  country.  In  addition  to  the  private  affiiirs  of  the  monaston^ 
some  light  is  thrown  upon  the  public  events  of  Uie  time,  which  aie  however  kept 
distinct,  and  appear  at  the  end  of  the  history  of  each  a]]^'s'administration.  The 
text  has  been  printed  firom  what  is  said  to  be  the  autograph  of  the  original 
compiler,  ThomM  de  Burton,  the  nineteenth  abbot. 


21 

44.  Mattoai  Pabisiensis  Hibtoria  Anglorum,  bive,  ut  toloo  dicitcb, 
HiSTORiA  Minor.  Vols.  L,  II.,  and  III.  1067-1253.  EdUed  by  Sir 
Frederic  Madden,  K.H.,  Keeper  of  the  Department  of  Manuscripts, 
British  Museum.     1 866-1 869. 

The  exact  date  at  which  this  work  iras  written  is,  according  to  the  chronicler, 
1250.  The  history  is  of  considerable  yalae  as  an  illastration  of  the  period  during 
which  the  author  lived,  and  contains  a  good  sammary  of  the  events  which  followed 
the  Conqnest.  This  minor  chronicle  is,  however,  based  on  another  work  (also 
written  by  Matthew  Paris)  giving  fuller  details,  which  has  been  called  the 
'*Historia  Migor."  The  chronicle  here  published,  nevertheless,  gives  some 
information  not  to  be  found  in  the  greater  history. 

45.  Liber  Mokasterh  de  Htda  :    a  Chronicle  and  Chartulaht  of 

Htde  Abbey,  Winchester,  455-1023.  Edited^  from  a  Manuscript  in 
the  Library  of  the  Earl  of  Macclesfield,  by  Edward  Edwards,  Esq. 
1866. 

The  '^Book  of  Hyde  "  is  a  compilation  from  much  earlier  sources,  which  are 
usually  indicated  with  considerable  care  and  precision.  In  many  cases,  however, 
the  Hyde  chronicler  appears  to  correct,  to  qualify,  or  to  amplify — either  from 
tradition  or  from  sources  of  information  not  now  discoverable — the  statements, 
which,  in  substance,  he  adopts.  He  also  mentions,  and  frequently  quotes  from 
writers  whose  works  are  either  entirely  lost  or  at  present  known  only  by  fragments. 

There  is  to  be  found,  in  the  **Book  of  Hyde,"  much  information  relating  to  the 
reign  of  King  Alfred  which  is  not  known  to  exist  elsewhere.  The  volume 
contains  some  curious  specimens  of  Anglo-Saxon  and  MedisBval  English. 

46.  Chronicon  Scotorcm  :  a  Chronicle  of  Irish  Affairs,  from  the 
Earliest  Times  to  1135  ;  with  a  Supplement,  containing  the  Events 
from  1141  to  1150.  Edited,  with  a  Translation^  by  William  Maunsell 
Hennessy,  Esq.,  M.R.LA.     1866. 

There  is,  in  this  volume,  a  legendary  account  of  the  peopling  of  Ireland  and  of 
the  adventures  which  befell  the  various  heroes  who  are  said  to  have  been  con- 
nected with  Irish  history.  The  details  are,  however,  very  meagre  both  for  this 
period  and  for  the  time  when  history  becomes  more  authentic.  The  plan  adopted 
in  the  chronicle  gives  the  appearance  of  an  accuracy  to  which  the  earlier  portions 
of  the  work  cannot  have  any  claim.  The  succession  of  events  is  marked,  year  by 
year,  from  a.m.  1599  to  a.d.  1150.  The  principal  events  narrated  in  the  later 
portion  of  the  work  are,  the  invasions  of  foreigners,  and  the  wars  of  Ae  Irish 
among  themselves.  The  text  has  been  printed  from  a  MS.  preserved  in  the 
library  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  written  partly  in  Latin,  partly  in  Irish. 

47.  The  Chronicle  op  Pierre  db  Langtoft,  in  French  Verse,  prom 

THE  EARLIEST  Feriod  TO  THE  Death  OP  EixwAitD  L    Yols.  L  and  II. 

Edited  by  Thomas  Wright,  Esq.,  M.A.     1866-1868. 

It  is  probable  that  I^erre  de  Langtoft  was  a  canon  of  Bridlington,  in  Yorkshire, 
and  that  he  lived  in  the  reign  of  Edward  I.,  and  during  a  portion  of  the  reign  of 
Edward  IT.  This  chronicle  is  divided  into  three  partk;  in  the  first  is  an 
abridgment  of  Geoffirey  of  Monmouth's  ''  Historia  Britonum,"  in  the  second,  a 
history  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  and  Norman  kings,  down  to  the  death  of  Henry  lU. 
and  in  the  third  a  history  of  the  reign  of  Edward  I.  The  principal  object  of  the 
work  was  apparently  to  show  the  justice  of  Edward's  Scottish  wars.  The 
language  is  sn^^arly  corrupt,  and  a  eorious  specimen  of  the  IVench  of  Yorkshire. 

48.  The  War  op  the  Gaedhil  with  the  Gaill,  or,  The  Invasions  of 
Ireland  by  the  Danes  and  other  Norsemen.  Edited^  wilh  a 
Translation,  by  James  Henthorn  Todd,  D.D.,  Senior  Fellow  of 
Trinity  College,  and  Regius  Professcfr  of  Hebrew  in  the  University. 
Dublin.    1867. 

The  work  in  its  present  form,  in  the  editor's  opinion,  is  a  coniparatiTely  modem 
Torsion  of  an  undoubtedly  ancient  original.  That  it  was  compiled  from  contem- 
porary materials  has  been  proved  by  curious  incidental  evidence.    It  is  stated  in 


22 

the  aoconnt  given  of  th<^  battle  of  Clontarf  that  the  full  tide  in  Dublin  Bay  on 
day  of  the  batde  (23  April  1014)  coincdded  with  sunrise ;  and  that  the  xetaming 
tide  in  the  eyeniug  aided  considerably  in  the  defeat  of  the  Danes.  The  hct  has 
been  verified  by  astronomical  calculations,  and  the  inference  is  that  the  author  of 
the  chronicle,  if  not  himself  an  eye-witness,  must  have  derived  his  infonoation 
from  those  who  were  eye-witnesses.  The  contents  of  the  work  are  suffidentiy 
described  in  its  title.  The  story  is  told  after  the  manner  of  the  ScandinaTian 
Saf^,  with  poems  and  fragments  of  poems  introduced  into  the  prose  narradTe. 

49.  Gesta  Regis  Henrici  Sectjio)!  Benedicti  Abbatis.  The  CHBONid-E 
OF  THE  Reiqks  OF  Henbt  IL  AND  RiCHABD  J.,  1169-1192;  known 
under  the  name  of  Benedict  of  Petebborough.  Vols.  I.  and  IX 
Edited  hy  Wiixiam  Stubbs,  M.A.,  Regius  Professor  of  Modern  His- 
tory, Oxford,  and  Lambeth  Librarian.     1867. 

This  chronicle  of  the  reigns  of  Henry  II.  and  Hichard  I.,  known  commonly 
under  the  name  of  Benedict  of  Peterborough,  is  one  of  the  best  existing  speo- 
mens  of  a  class  of  historical  compositions  of  the  first  Importance  to  the  student. 

50.   MUNIMENTA  ACADEMICA,  OR,  DOCUMENTS  ILLUSTRATIVE  OF  ACADBMIGAX 

Life  and  Studies  at  Oxford  (in  Two  Farts).  Edited  by  the  Rer. 
Henry  Anstey,  M.A.,  Vicar  of  St.  Wendron,  CornwaD,  and  lateljr 
Vice-Principal  of  St.  Mary  Hall,  Oxford.     1868. 

This  work  will  supjdy  materials  for  a  History  of  Academical  Life  and  Studies 
in  the  Uniyersity  of  Oxford  during  the  13th,  Hth,  and  15th  centuries. 

61.  Chronica  Magistri  Rogeri  de  Houedene.  Vols.  L,  IL,  HI,,  and  IV. 
Edited  by  Wjluam  Stubbs,  M.A.,  Regius  Professor  of  Modem  History, 
and  Fellow  of  Oriel  CoUege,  Oxford.     1868-1871. 

This  work  has  long  been  justly  celebrated,  but  not  thoroughly  understood  until 
Mr.  Stubbs'  edition.  The  earlier  portion,  extending  from  732  to  114S,  appears 
to  be  a  copy  of  a  compilation  made  in  Northumbria  about  1161,  to  which 
Hoyeden  added  little.  !From  114S  to  1169 — a  very  valuable  portion  of  this 
work — the  matter  is  deiiyed  from  another  source,  to  which  Hoveden  appears  to 
have  supplied  little,  and  not  always  judiciously.  "Eiom  1170  to  1198  is  the 
portion  which  corresponds  with  the  Chronicle  known  under  the  name  of 
Benedict  of  Peterborough  (see  No.  49) ;  but  it  is  not  a  copy,  being  sometimes 
an  abridgment,  at  others  a  paraphrase ;  occasionally  the  two  works  entirely 
agree ;  showing  that  both  writers  had  access  to  the  same  materials,  but  dealt 
with  them  differently.  From  1192  to  1201  may  be  said  to  be  wholly  Hoyeden's 
work  t  it  is  extremely  yaluable,  and  an  authority  of  the  first  importance. 

52.  WiLLELMi  Malmesbiriensis  Monachi  de  Gestis  Pontificum  Anolo- 
RUM  IdBRi  QuiKQUE.  Edited^  from  William  of  Mcdmesbury^s  Auto- 
graph MS,y  by  N.  E,  S.  A.  Hamilton,  Esq^  of  the  Department  of 
Manuscripts,  British  Maseum.     1870. 

William  of  Malmesbur^'s  '*  Gesta  Fontiflcum  **  is  the  principal  foundation  of 
English  Ecclesiastical  Biography,  down  to  the  year  1122.  The  manuscript 
which  has  been  followed  in  this  Edition  is  supposed  by  Mr.  Hamilton  to  be  ^e 
author's  autograph,  containing  his  latest  additions  and  amendments. 

53.  Historic  and  Municipal  Documents  op  lRELAin>,  from  the  Archites 
OP  THE  City  op  Dublin,  &c.  1172-1320,  Edited  by  John  T.  Gilbert, 
Esq.,  F.S.A.,  Secretary  of  the  Public  Record  Office  of  Ireland.     1870. 

A  collection  of  original  documents,  elacidating  mainly  the  history  and  condition 
of  the  municipal,  middle,  and  trading  classes  under  or  in  relation  with  the 
rule  of  England  in  Ireland, — a  subject  hitherto  in  ahnost  total  obscurity. 
Extendmg  over  the  first  hundred  and  fifty  years  of  the  Anglo-Norman 
settlement,  the  series  includes  charten,  municipal  laws  and  regulations,  rolls  of 
names  of  citizens  and  members  of  merchant-guilds,  lists  of  commodities  with 
their  rates,  correspondence,  illustrations  of  rdations  between  ecclesiastics  and 
laity ;  together  with  many  documents  exhibiting  the  state  of  Ireland  during  the 
presence  there  of  the  Soots  under  Robert  and  Edward  Bruce, 


23 

54.  Thb  Annals  of  Loch  Ci.  A  Chboniolb  of  Ibish  AFFAiaSy  fbok 
1014  to  1590.  Vols.  I.  and  II.  EdUed,  with  a  TranskUian,  by 
William  Maunsell  Hennbsst,  Esq.,  M.R.I.A.     1871. 

The  original  of  this  chronicle  has  passed  under  various  names.  The  title  of 
''  Annals  of  Loch  C^  "  was  given  to  it  bj  Professor  (yConyy  on  the  ground  that 
it  was  transcribed  for  Brian  Mac  Dermot,  an  Irish  chieftain,  who  resided  on  an 
island  in  Loch  C^,  in  the  county  of  Koscommon.  It  adds  much  to  the  materials 
for  the  civil  and  ecclesiastical  histoiy  of  Ireland ;  and  contains  many  curious 
references  to  English  and  foreign  affiurs,  not  noticed  in  any  other  chronicle. 

55.   MONUMENTA  JuRIDICA.       The    BlACK  BOOK    OF   THE  AdMIBALTT,  WITH 

Appendices.    Vols.  I.  and  11.    Edited  by  Sik  Travers  Twiss,  Q.C., 

D.C.L.     1871-1873. 

This  book  contains  the  ancient  ordinances  and  laws  relating  to  the  navy 
and  was  probably  compiled  for  the  use  of  the  Lord  High  Admiral  of  England. 
Selden  ctdls  it  the  ''jewel  of  the  Admiralty  Records.*'  Prynne  ascribes  to  the 
Black  Book  the  same  authority  in  the  Admiralty  as  the  Black  and  Bed  Books 
have  in  the  Court  of  Exchequer,  and  most  English  writers  on  maritime  law 
recognize  its  importance. 

56.  Memorials  of  the  Reign  op  Henry  .VI. : — Official  Correspondence 

OF    Thomas  Bektnton,    Secretary   to    Henry    VL,  and   Bishop 

OF   Bath  and  Wells.     Edited,  from  a  MS*  in  the  Archiepiscopal 

Library  at  Lambeth,  with  an  Appendix  of  Illustrative  Documents^  by  the 

Kev.  George  Williams,  B.D.,  Vicar  of  Ringwood,  late  Fellow  of  King's 

College,  Cambridge.    Vols.  I.  and  II.     1872.  « 

These  curious  yolumes,  which  are  of  a  very  miscellaneous  character,  were,  in 
all  probability,  compiled  under  the  immediate  direction  of  Bekynton,  and  com- 
menced before  he  had  attained  to  the  dignity  of  the  Episcopate.  They  contain 
many  of  the  Bishop's  own  letters,  and  several  written  by  him  in  the  Bong's 
name.  Besides  these,  there  are  letters  sent  to  himself  while  he  was  the  Royal 
Secretary,  as  well  as  others  addressed  to  the  King.  This  work  will  elucidate 
some  obscure  points  in  the  history  of  the  nation  during  the  first  half  of  the 
fifteenth  century. 

67.  Matth^i  Parisiensis,  Monachi  Sancti  Albani,  Chronica  Majora. 

Vol.  I.    The  Creation  to  A.D.  1066.    Edited  by  Henry  Richards 

LuARD,  M.A.,  Fellow  of  Trinity  CoDege,  Registrary  of  the  University, 

and  Vicar  of  Great  St.  Maiy's,  Cambridge.     1872. 

This  volume  contains  the  first  portion  of  the  *<  Chronica  Majora ''  of  Matthew 
Paris,  one  of  the  most  valuable  and  frequently  consulted  of  all  the  ancient 
English  Chronicles.  It  is  now  published  for  the  first  time.  The  editions  by 
Archbishop  Parker,  and  William.  Wats,  severally  commence  at  the  Norman 
Conquest. 

58.  Memoriale    Fratris    Walteri    de    Coventrla. — ^Thb    Historical 

Collections  op  Walter  of  Coventry.    Vols.  I.  and  11.    Edited^  from 

the  MS,  in    the  Library  of  Corpus  Christi   College,  Cambridge,   by 

William  Stubbs,  M.A.,  Regius  Professor  of  Modem  History,  and  FeUow 

of  Oriel  College,  Oxford.     1872-1873. 

This  work,  now  printed  in  fall  for  the  first  time,  has  long  been  a  desiderahtm 
by  Historical  Schohirs.  The  first  portion,  however,  is  not  of  much  importance, 
being  only  a  compilation  from  earlier  writers.  The  part  relating  to  the  first 
quarter  of  the  thirteenth  century  is  the  most  valuable  and  interesting. 

59.  The  Anglo-Latin  Satirical  Poets  and  Epigrammatists  of  the 
Twelfth  Century.  Vols.  I.  and  II.  Now  first  collected  and  edited 
by  Thomas  Wright,  Esq.,  M.A.^  Corresponding  Member  of  the  National 
Institute  of  France  (Academie  des  Inscriptions  et  Belles-Lettres).     1872. 

The  Poems  contained  in  these  volumes  have  long  been  known  and  appreciated 
as  the  best  satires  of  the  age  in  which  their  authors  nourishedy  and  were  deservedly 
popular  during  the  13th  and  Uth  centuries. 


^ 


^ 


24 

60.  MatebiaiiS  fob  a  History  of  the  Bbiok  of  Hbnbt  VILy  fbok 

ORIGINAL  Documents  preserved  in  the  Public  Record   Offics. 
Vol.  I.    Edited  by  the  Rev.  William  Campbell,  M. A.,  one  of  Her 

Majesty's  Inspectors  of  Schools.     1873. 

This  Tolome  if  Talaable  as  illastrating  the  acts  and  proceedings  of  Henry  vxi. 
on  ascending  the  throne,  and  shadows  ont  the  policy  he  afternne^ds  adopted. 

61.  Historical  Papers  and  Letters  from  the  Northern  Registers. 

Edited  by  James  Raine,  M.A.,  Canon  of  York,  and  Secretary  of  the 

Surtees  Society.    1873. 

The  docnments  in  tins  yolnme  illastrate,  for  the  most  part,  the  general  hiatoiy 
of  the  north  of  England,  particularly  in  its  relation  to  Scotland. 

62.  RsGiSTRUM  Palatinum  Dunelmense.  The  Register  of  Richard  de 
"Kellawe,  Lord  Palatine  and  Biflhop  of  Durham ;  1311-1316.  Vols.  I. 
and  IL  Edited  by  Sir  Thomas  Duffus  Hardy,  D.C.L.,  Deputy  Keeper 
of  the  Public  Records.     1873-1874. 

Bishop  Kellawe's  Register  contains  the  proceedings  of  his  prelacy,  both  lay 
and  ecclesiastical,  and  is  the  earliest  Register  of  the  Palatinate  of  Dariiam. 

63.  Memorials  of  St.  Dunstan,  Archbishop  of  Canterbury.    Ediiedy 
from  various  MSS.^  by  William  Stubbs,  M.A.,  Regius  Professor  of 

Modern  History,  and  FeQow  of  Oriel  College,  Oxford.     1874. 

This  Tolume  contains  several  lives  of  Archbishop  Dunstan,  one  of  the  most 
celebrated  Primates  of  Canterbury.  They  open  various  points  of  Historical 
and  Literary  interest,  without  which  our  knowledge  of  the  period  would  be 
more  incomplete  than  it  is  at  present. 


In  the  Press. 

A  Collbction  of  Sagas  and  other  Historical  Documents  relating  to 
the  Settlements  and  Descents  of  the  Northmen  on  the  British  Isles. 
Vols.  L  and  H.  Edited  by  George  Webbb  Dasbnt,  Esq.,  D.C.L.  Oxon. 

Roll  of  the  Privy  Council  of  Ireland,  16  Richard  II.  Edited  by  the 
Rev.  James  Graves,  A.B.,  Treasurer  of  St.  Canice,  Ireland. 

The  Works  of  Giraldus  Cambrensis.  Vol.  VII.  Edited  by  the  Rev. 
James  F.  Dimock,  M.A.,  Rector  of  Barnbnrgh,  Yorkshire. 

Chronicon  Radulphi  Abbatis  Coggeshalensis  Majus;  and,  Chronicon 
Terrje  SANCTiE  £T  DE  Captis  A  Saladino  Hierosoltmis.  Edited 
by  the  Rev.  Joseph  Stevenson,  M.A.,  of  University  College,  Durham. 

Chronicle  of  Robert  of  Brunne.  Edited  by  Frederick  James  Fur- 
NiVALL,  Esq.,  M.A.,  of  Trinity  Hall,  Cambridge,  Barrister-at-Law. 

Matthjki  Parisiensis,  Monachi  Sancti  Albani,  Chronica  Majora. 
Vol.  n.  Edited  by  Henrt  Richards  Luard,  M.A,  Fellow  of  Ti-inity 
College,  Registrarj  of  the  University,  and  Vicar  of  Great  St.  Mary's, 
Cambridge. 

PoLTCHRONicoN  Ranulphi  Higden,  with  Trevisa's  Translation.  Vol  V. 
Edited  by  the  Rev.  Joseph  Rawson  Lumbt,  B.D.,  FeDow  of  St. 
Catharine's  College^  Cambridge. 

History  of  the  Reigns  op  Edward  the  Third  and  Richard  the  Second  ; 
from  a  Manuscript  in  the  British  Museum,  by  an  Anonymous  Writer. 
Edited  by  Edward  Maunde  Thompson,  Esq.,  of  the  British  Museum. 


25 

loFi  OF  Thomas  Bbgkbt  ;  from  an  Icelandic  Saga,  with  an  English  Translation. 
Edited  and  translated  by  M.  Enif  kr  Maqn^sson,  ITnder-Librarian  of  die 
Public  Library,  Cambridge. 

ChBONICA  MoNASTERU   S.   AlBANI. — ^7.   YpODIGMA  NeUSTSIJB  ;  HiSTOBIA,  A 

Thoma  Walsingham,  Monaguo  Monastbbu  S.  Albani,  OONSORIPTA. 
Edited  by  Henry  Thomas  Riley,  Esq.,  M.A.,  Cambridge  and  Oxford ; 
and  of  the  Inner  Temple,  Barrister-at-Law. 

Corpus  Historicum  Eboracensb.  Chronica  Pontificuk  Ecolesue  Eboraci 
AUCiORE  Thoha  Stubbs  Dominicano  ;  and  other  Documents  relating  to 
the  Primacy  of  York.  Edited  by  James  Raine,  M.A.,  Canon  of  York, 
and  Secretai*y  of  the  Surtees  Society. 

Reoistrum  Palatinum  Dunelmense.  The  Register  of  Richard  de  Kellawe, 
Lord  Palatmeand  Bishop  of  Durham  ;  131 1-1316.  Vol.  III.  Editedby 
Sir  Thomas  Duffus  Hardy,  D.C.L.,  Deputy  Keeper  of  the  Public  Records. 

Materials  for  a  History  of  the  Reign  of  Henry  YIL,  from  original 
Documents  preserved  in  the  Public  Record  Office.  Vol.  IL 
Edited  by  the  Rev.  William  Campbell,  M.A.,  one  of  Her  Majesty's 
Inspectors  of  Schools. 

Monumenta  Juridica.  The  Black  Book  of  the  Admiralty,  with 
Appendices.     Vol.  HI.     Edited  by  Sir  Travers  Twiss,  Q.C.,  D.C.L. 

Register  of  Malmesbury  Abbey  :  Preserved  in  the  Public  Record 
Office.  Edited  by  J.  S.  Brewer,  M.A.,  Professor  of  English 
Literature,  King's  CoUege,  London. 


In  Progress. 

The  Metrical  Chronicle  of  Robert  of  Gloucester;  Edited  by  William 
Alois  Wright,  Esq.,  M.A. 

Descriptive  Catalogue  of  Manuscripts  relating  to  the  History  of 
Great  Britain  and  Ireland.  Vol.  IV. ;  1327,  &c.  By  Sir  Thomas 
Duffus  Hardy,  D.CX.,  Deputy  Keeper  of  the  Public  Records. 

A  Collection  of  Sagas  and  other  Historical  Documents  relating  to  the 
Settlements  and  Descents  of  the  Northmen  on  the  British  Isles.  Vol.  II F. 
Edited  by   George    Webbe    Dasent,   Esq.    D.C.L.,    Oxon.   and  M. 

GUDBRAMD  ViGFUSSON,  M.A. 

Year  Books  of  the  Reign  of  Edward  the  First.  Years  33,  34,' and  35* 
Edited  and  translated  by  Alfred  John  Horwood,  Esq.,  of  the  Middle 
Temple,  Barrister-at-Law. 

Materials  for  the  History  of  Archbishop  Thomas  Becket.  Edited  by 
the  Rev.  James  Craigie  Robertson,  MAi.,  Canon  of  Canterburyi  and 
Professor  of  Ecclesiastical  History,  King's  College,  London. 

The  Historical  Works  of  Ralph  de  Diceto,  Dean  of  St.  Paul's.  ]  181- 
1210.  Edited  by  Willl/lm  Stubbs,  M.A.,  Regius  Professor  of  Modern 
History,  and  Fellow  of  Oiiel  College,  Oxford. 


\i 


26 


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The  Great  Boll  of  the  Pipe,  1  Bio.  I.,  1189 — 1190.  Edited  by  the  Ber. 
Joseph  Hunter.    1  VoL  royal  8vo.  (1844),  cloth.    Price  6*. 

Documents  Illustbative  of  English  Histobt  in  the  13th  and  14th 
centuries,  selected  from  the  Becords  of  the  Department  of  the  Queen's 
Bemembrancer  in  the  Exchequer.  Edited  by  Henbt  Cole,  Esq.  1  Vol. 
fcp.  folio  (1844),  cloth.    PHce  45*.  6d. 

Modus  Tenendi  Pabliamentum.  An  Ancient  Treatise  on  the  Mode  of 
holding  the  Parliament  in  England.  Edited  by  Thomas  Duffus 
Habdt,  Esq.     1  Vol.  8vo.  <1846),  cloth.    Price  2t.  6d. 

Bbgistbum  IkiAONi  SiGiLLi  Begum  Scotobum  in  Archiyis  Publicis  asser- 
yatum.  1306—1424.  J^dtVe^^  ^  Thomas  Thomson,  Esq.  Folio  (1814). 
Price  15*. 

The  Acts  of  the  Pabliaments  of  Scotland.  11  yols.  folio  (1814 — 1844). 
Vol.  I.  Edited  by  Thomas  Thomson  and  Cosmo  Innes,  Esqrs.  Price 
42*.    Also,  Vols.  4,  7,  8,  9,  10,  and  1 1  ;  price  10*.  6d.  each.      • 

The  Acts  of  the  Lobds  Auditobs  of  Causes  and  Complaints  (Acta 
DoMiNOBUM  Auditobum).  1466 — 1494.  Editedby  Thomas  Thomson, 
Esq.    PoUo  (1889).    Pirice  10*.  6df. 


29 

Thi  Acts  of  the  Lobds  of  Council  in  Civil  Causes  (Acta  Dominobuu 
CoNCiLn).  1478^1495.  Edited  by  Thomas  Thomson,  Esq.  Folio 
(1839).    Price  \0s.6d. 

Issue  Roll  of  Thomas  de  Brantingham,  Bishop  of  Exeter,  Lord  High 
Treasurer  of  England,  containing  Payments  out  of  His  Majesty's 
Revenue,  44  Edward  III.,  1370.  Edited  by  Fredebick  Devon,  Esq. 
1  Vol.  4to.  (1835),  cloth.    Price  Z6s.    Or,  royal  8vo.  cloth.-    Price  25s. 

Issues  of  the  Exchequer,  James  I. ;  extracted  from  the  Pell  Records. 
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(1837),  cloth.     Price  40s.    Or,  royal  8vo.  cloth.     Price  30*. 

Handbook  to  the  Public  Records.  By  F.  S.  Thobi^s,  Esq.,  Secretary 
of  the  Public  Record  Office.     1  Vol.  royal  8vo.  (1 853),  cloth.    PHce  12*. 

Historical  Notes  relative  to  the  History  op  England.  Henry  VlII. 
— Anne  (1509 — 1714).  Designed  as  a  Book  of  Reference  for  ascer- 
taining the  Dates  of  Events.  By  F.  S.  Thomas,  Esq.  3  Vols.  8vo. 
(1856),  cloth.     Pnce  40s. 

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30 


WORKS  PUBLISHED  IN  PHOTOZINCOGRAPHY. 


Domesday  Book,  or  the  Great  Subvet  of  England  op  William  the 
Conqueror,  1086 ;  fac-simile  of  the  Part  relating  to  each  county,  sepa- 
rately (with  a  few  exceptions  of  double  counties).  Photozincogi-aphed, 
by  Her  Majesty's  Command,  at  the  Ordnance  Survey  Office,  Southampton^ 
Colonel  Sir  Henry  James,  R.E.,  F.R.S.,  &c.,  Director.  ^35  Parts* 
imperial  quarto  and  demy  quarto  (1861-1863)  boards.  Price  4$.  6(L  to 
1/.  J*,  each  Part,  according  to  size  ;  or,  bound  in  2  Vols.,  18/, 

This  important  and  unique  survey  of  the  greater  portion  of  England*  is  the 
oldest  and  most  valuable  record  in  the  national  archives.    It  was  commenced 
about  the  year  1084  and  finished  in  1086.    Its  compilation  was  determined  upon 
at  Gloucester  by  William  the  Conqueror,  in  council,  in  order  that  he  might 
know  what  was  due  to  him,  in  the  way  of  tax,  from  his  subjects,  and  that  each 
at  the  same  time  might  know  what  he  had  to  pay.    It  was  compiled  as  much 
for  their  protection  as  for  the  benefit  of  the  sovereign.    The  nobility  and  people 
had  been  grievously  distressed  at  the  time  by  the  king  bringing  over  large  nmn- 
bers  of  French  and  Bretons,  and  quartering  them  on  his  subjects,  '*  each  accord- 
«*  ing  to  Ae  measure  of  his  land,"  for  the  purpose  of  resisting  the  invasion  of 
Cnut,  King  of  Denmark,  which  was  apprehended.    The  commissioners  appointed 
to  make  the  survey  were  to  inquire  the  name  of  each  place  ;  who  held  it  in  the 
time  of  King  Edward  the  Confessor ;  the  present  possessor ;  how  many  hides 
were  in  the  manor  ;  how  many  ploughs  were  in  demesne ;  how  many  homagers  ; 
how  naany  villeins  ;  how  many  cottars ;  how  many  serving  men;  how  many  free 
tenants  ;  how  many  tenants  in  soccage  ;  how  mxach  wood,  meadow,  and  pasture ; 
the  number  of  mills  and  fish-ponds ;  what  had  been  added  or  taken  away  from 
the  phice ;  what  was  the  gross  value  in  the  time  of  Edward  Uie  Confessor  •  the 
present  value ;  and  how  much  each  free-man  or  soc-man  had,  and  whether  any 
advance  could  be  made  in  the  value.    Thus  could  be  ascertained  who  held  the 
estate  in  the  time  of  Kin«r  Edward ;  who  then  held  it ;  its  value  in  the  time  of 
the  late  king ;   and  its  value  as  it  stood  at  the  formation  of  the  survey.    So 
minute  was  the  survey,  that  the  writer  of  the  contemporary  portion  of  the  Saxon 
Chronicle  records,  with  some  asperity—-"  So  very  narrowly  he  caused  it  to  be 
"  traced  out,  that  there  was  not  a  single  hide,  nor  one  virgate  of  land,  nor  even, 
'<  it  is  shame  to  tell,  though  it  seemed  to  him  no  shame  to  do,  an  ox,  nor  a  cow 
"  nor  a  swine  was  left,  that  was  not  set  down."  ' 

Domesday  Survey  is  in  two  parts  or  volumes.  The  first,  in  folio,  contains  the 
countieB  of  Bedford,  Berks,  Bucks,  Cambridge,  Chester  and  Lancaster,  Com- 
wall,  Derby,  Devon,  Dorset,  Gloucester,  Hants,  Hereford,  Herts,  Huntingdon 
Kent,  Leicester  and  Butland,  Lincoln,  Middlesex,  Northampton,  Nottingham' 
Oxford,  Salop,  Somerset,  Stafford,  Surrey,  Sussex,  Warwick,  Wilts,  Wor^ter' 
and  York.  The  second  volume,  in  quarto,  contains  the  counties  of  Essf>x' 
Norfolk,  and  Suffolk.  ' 

Domesday  Book  was  printed  verbatim  et  literatim  during  the  last  century  in 
consequence  of  an  address  of  the  House  of  Lords  to  King  Geoige  UL  in  1 767. 
It  was  not,  however,  commenced  until  1773,  and  was  completed  early  in  1783! 
In  1860,  Her  Migesty's  Government,  with  the  concurrence  of  the  Master  of  the 
Bolls,  determined  to  apply  the  art  of  photozincography  to  the  production  of  a 
fao-simile  of  Domesday  Book,  under  the  superintendence  of  Colonel  Sir  Henry 
James,  B.E.,  Director  of  the  Ordnance  Survey,  Southampton.  The  fee-shnile  wm 
completed  in  1863. 


•  For  some  reason  left  unexplained,  many  parts  were  left  unsurveyed ;  Northumberland,  Cumberland. 
Westmoreland,  and  Durham,  are  not  described  in  the  survey ;  nor  does  Lancashire  wnear  lu^crite 
proper  name :  but  Fumess,  and  the  northern  part  of  Lancashire,  as  well  as  the  south  oFwertmoPBland 
with  a  part  of  Cumberland .  are  included  withm  the  West  Biding  of  Torkshire.  That  part  of  LsonS^w 
which  lies  between  the  Bibble  and  Meney,  and  which  at  tiie  time  of  the  survey  oramrehttu^iAM 
manors,  is  joined  to  Cheshire.  Part  of  Entland  is  described  in  the  counties  of  Nortliampt(m  and  l£i^ 


FAO-smtLBB  of  Nationax  Manuscripts,  from  William  the  Cohqubbob  to 
QuEEK  Anne,  §elected  under  the  direction  of  the  Master  of  the  Bells, 
acd  Fhoto^incogr^hed,  hj  CommaDd  of  Her  Majesty,  b;  Colonel  Sir 
Sbnrt  Jahes,  B.E.,  Director  of  the  Ordnance  Survey.     Price,   each 
Fart,  with  traaslationB  and  notes,  double  foolscap  folio,  16s. 
Part  L  (William  the  Conqueror  to  Henry  VII.).    1865. 
Part  n.  (Henry  VIII.  and  Edward  TI.).    1866. 
Part  HL  (Mary  and  Elizabeth).    1867. 
Part  IV.  (James  I.  to  Anno).    1868. 

TheflntFarteztendafromWillUmtheConqneraTlo  Henrj  TIL, and  canUinB 
antographs  of  the  kiogB  of  Englaod,  u  veil  u  of  manj  other  iUnHrioa*  pei- 
■ooages  famoos  in  Ustory,  &nd  some  int«rt«titiK  chartera,  letters  patent,  and 
Itale  papen.  The  second  Part,  for  the  ragna  of  Heniy  Vm.  and  Edvard  VI., 
GonaUti  principallj  of  hologTAph  letters  and  aatOKraphi  of  kin^,  princes,  Matea- 
nen,  and  other  peraons  of  great  historical  interest,  who  liyed  duriog  those 
rdgns.  The  third  Part  contttios  umilar  doooments  for  the  ceigoi  of  Mary  and 
Eluabeth,  mclading  a  signed  bill  of  Lady  Jane  Grej.  The  fourth  Part  con> 
eludes  the  secies,  and  compiises  a  number  of  documents  taken  from  the  originals 


Public  Record  Office, 
Jvly  1874.