Skip to main content

Full text of "Men of mark in South Carolina; ideals of American life: a collection of biographies of leading men of the state"

See other formats


RESEARCH  LBRABIES 


§' 3433  08254187 


V\  \ 


Men  of  Mark  in  South  Carolina 


Ideals  of  American  Life 


A  Collection  of  Biographies  of  Leading  Men 

of  the  State 


J.  G.  HEMPHILL 

t 

Editor  of  "The  News  and  Courier" 
Editor-in-Chief 


VOLUME  I 


Illustrated  with  Many 
Full  Page  Photo-Steel  Engraved  Portraits 


MEN  OF  MARK  PUBLISHING  COMPANY 

Washington,  D.  C. 

1907 

-ru 


PU 


ARV 


51079A 

VTIONS 
L 


Copyright,  1907 

by 
Men  of  Mark  Publishing  Company 


MEN  OF  MARK  IN  SOUTH  CAROLINA 

J.  C.  HEMPHILL, 

EDITOR-IN-CHIEF. 

ADVISORY  BOARD 

HON.  WILLIAM  H.  BRAWLEY,  LL.  D., Charleston 

Judge  United  States  District  Court,  Ex-Congressman. 

HON.  WILLIAM  A.  COURTENAY,  LL.  D., Columbia 

President  Courtenay  Cotton  Mill. 

A.  E.  GONZALES, Columbia 

President  The  State  Company. 

J.  C.  HEMPHILL, Charleston 

Editor  The  News  and  Courier. 

4 

HON.  J.  H.  HUDSON,  LL.  D., Bennettsville 

Ex-Judge  Circuit  Court,  South  Carolina  State  Senator. 

J.  E.  MCDONALD,  ESQ., Winnsboro 

Ex-President  South  Carolina  Bar  Association. 

HON.  W.  D.  MORGAN, Georgetown 

Banker,  Mayor  of  Georgetown. 

REV.  J.  A.  B.  SCHERER,  PH.  D.,  LL.  D., Newberry 

President  Newberry  College. 

HENRY  NELSON  SNYDER,  LITT.  D.,  LL.  D.,  .    .    .    .   Spartanburg 

President  Wofford  College. 

BRIGHT  WILLIAMSON, Darlington 

Banker  and  Planter. 


BY  WAY  OF  INTRODUCTION 

"MEN  or  MARK  IN  SOUTH  CAROLINA"  is  not  history  but 
biography;  biography,  however,  that  is  absolutely  essential  to 
the  making  of  history.  Its  special  purpose  is  to  tell  the  story  of 
the  men  who  have  attained  some  distinction  in  the  complex  life 
of  the  state ;  those  who  have  builded  better  than  they  knew,  and 
who  have  been  regarded  by  an  advisory  board  of  fair-minded  and 
accomplished  men  as  worthy  to  be  included  among  the  builders 
of  a  great  state.  The  unit  of  measurement  adopted  in  their 
selection  was  not  ancestral  distinction,  or  great  possessions,  or 
political  preferment,  or  social  station,  but  individual  achieve- 
ment; so  that  in  this  work  account  is  given  of  those  who  have 
lived  to  some  purpose,  whether  in  country  district  or  populous 
community,  whether  in  industrial  enterprise  or  professional 
occupation. 

Naturally  and  unavoidably,  the  character  of  its  citizenship 
is  influenced  largely  by  the  history  of  the  state.  The  self-reliance 
of  the  pioneers  who  redeemed  this  territory  from  the  wilderness, 
their  patience  under  suffering,  their  complete  mastery  of  adverse 
and  apparently  hopeless  conditions  in  the  beginning  of  things, 
their  genius  for  government,  their  military  prowess,  their  purity 
of  life,  their  loyalty  to  principle  and  their  simple  faith  in  the 
eternal  verities,  have  set  their  seal  indelibly  upon  the  life  and 
character  of  the  state.  In  the  many  revolutions,  political,  mili- 
tary and  social,  through  which  South  Carolina  has  passed  since 
the  first  settlement  of  the  French  colony  under  Ribault  at  Port 
Royal  in  1664,  its  people  have  remained  steadfast  to  a  remarkable 
degree  in  their  loyalty  to  principle.  There  have  been  many  and 
sore  dissensions  among  them  at  times,  changes  in  government  and 
political  forms,  invasions  by  hostile  and  predatory  enemies,  great 
depressions  in  commercial  and  industrial  activities,  and  regularly 
recurring  periods  of  political  irresponsibility ;  but  out  of  all  these 
afflictions  the  state  has  been  delivered  by  the  inherent  virtue  of 
its  people.  From  the  Founders,  with  their  high  conceptions  of 
obedience  to  constituted  authority,  of  fidelity  to  the  family,  of 
faith  in  God,  the  state  has  taken  its  character.  Its  part  in 
resistance  to  British  tyranny  and  in  the  making  of  the  Republic, 


VI  INTRODUCTION 

its  devotion  in  opposing  the  more  insidious  and  destructive 
encroachments  of  the  Federal  power,  created  largely  by  its  own 
unsuspecting  faith  in  the  good  morals  of  other  commonwealths, 
its  courage  in  victory  and  its  fortitude  in  defeat,  these  and  other 
phases  in  the  development  of  South  Carolina  have  been  amply 
set  forth  in  other  works.  From  the  formation  of  the  colony  to 
the  close  of  the  War  for  Southern  Independence,  South  Carolina 
dominated  the  political  thought  of  the  country,  and  the  principles 
of  government  formulated  by  its  statesmen  are  the  principles 
which  must  prevail  if  government  of  the  people,  by  the  people 
and  for  the  people  is  not  to  perish  from  the  earth. 

Notwithstanding  that  so  much  of  the  intellectual  energy  of 
the  state  was  employed  in  the  higher  reaches  of  politics,  there 
was  never  a  time  in  the  history  of  colony  and  state  when  South 
Carolina  did  not  also  lead  in  industrial  and  commercial 
achievement.  It  was  in  this  nursery  that  the  cultivation  and 
manufacture  of  cotton  received  its  initial  impetus,  that  practical 
railroading  in  America  began,  and  in  the  defence  of  Charleston 
that  the  utility  of  armored  vessels  and  torpedo  craft  was  first 
demonstrated. 

Not  only  did  South  Carolina  lead  in  government,  but  like- 
wise in  finance  and  commerce.  It  was  not  until  after  alien  hands 
had  been  laid  upon  her  that  any  shadow  rested  upon  the  public 
credit  of  the  state  or  lustful  touch  upon  the  integrity  of  the 
family. 

South  Carolina  today  is  what  South  Carolina  was  in  the 
past.  There  have  been  many  changes.  It  has  seemed  that  the 
better  days  of  the  state  would  be  forgotten  in  the  confusion  of 
the  times,  but  even  the  winds  and  waves  of  popular  tumult  obey 
the  command  of  a  great  people  with  character.  The  energy 
which  in  former  times  was  devoted  to  the  science  of  politics  and 
government  is  now  employed  in  the  development  of  the  larger 
and  more  varied  life  upon  which  the  state  has  entered.  The 
Men  of  Mark  in  South  Carolina  are  the  men  who  are  doing 
something  for  the  state.  The  story  of  their  lives  and  work  will 
be  told  in  these  volumes.  They  are  worthy  of  the  state  only  to 
the  extent  that  they  are  loyal  to  the  best  traditions  of  the  state. 

J.  C.  HEMPHILL, 

State  Editor  for  South  Carolina. 


'.jj " 


.,  77.  C . 


MARTIN  FREDERICK  ANSEL 

A~~SEL,  MAETIN  FREDERICK,  governor  of  South  Caro- 
lina, was  born  in  the  city  of  Charleston,  South  Carolina, 
December  12,  1850.  His  father,  John  J.  Ansel,  of  Wur- 
temburg,  Germany,  came  of  a  good  and  prosperous  family,  and 
when  quite  a  young  man  sought  his  fortune  in  America.  He 
was  a  skilful  master  mechanic,  having  received  his  degree  in  a 
celebrated  technical  institute  of  that  country.  He  married,  in 
Philadelphia,  Fredrika  Bowers,  of  Germany.  They  settled  first 
in  Charleston  and  later  went,  with  a  colony  of  friends  and  coun- 
trymen, to  Walhalla,  where  the  old  home  is  still  occupied  by 
members  of  the  family.  Mrs.  Ansel  was  a  woman  of  great  force 
of  character  and  exerted  a  most  potent  influence  in  directing  the 
energies  and  efforts  of  her  children,  who  reflect  great  credit  on 
the  careful  home  training  they  received. 

Martin  F.  Ansel  inherited  a  strong  constitution,  which  was 
developed  and  strengthened  in  his  youth  by  outdoor  sports  and 
a  fondness  for  riding  and  driving  horses.  He  was  about  four 
years  of  age  when  his  parents  removed  to  Walhalla,  and  his  early 
life  was  spent  in  that  village,  engaged  in  the  usual  home  tasks. 
Later  the  discipline  of  the  workshop  developed  strength  and  gave 
ideas  of  precision,  exactness  and  regularity.  He  afterwards 
clerked  in  a  village  store  and  here  had  the  opportunity  of 
studying  human  nature  and  learning  something  of  people.  His 
educational  advantages  were  limited  to  attendance  at  the  village 
school,  reading,  and  the  privileges  of  the  literary  society  in  New- 
berry  college,  which  was,  for  a  time,  located  in  Walhalla. 

Mr.  Ansel  studied  law  under  Major  James  H.  Whitner,  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  before  he  was  twenty-one  years  of  age,  prac- 
ticed nearly  four  years  in  Franklin,  North  Carolina,  and  went  to 
Greenville,  South  Carolina,  in  January,  1876.  He  took  an  active 
part  in  the  exciting  Hampton  campaign  of  that  year.  In  1882 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  legislature  from  Greenville 
county  and  was  reflected  in  1884  and  in  1886,  each  time  heading 
the  ticket  in  the  Democratic  primary  election.  In  1888  he  was 
elected  solicitor  of  the  eighth  judicial  circuit,  which  office  he  held 


4  MARTIN  FREDERICK  ANSEL 

for  twelve  years,  voluntarily  retiring  at  the  expiration  of  his 
third  term,  January,  1901. 

Mr.  Ansel  has  always  enjoyed  a  large  and  lucrative  practice 
at  the  bar.  He  has  been  associated  from  time  to  time  with  some 
of  the  most  prominent  lawyers  in  the  upper  part  of  the  state; 
among  them,  James  S.  Cothran,  George  G.  Wells,  and  Thomas 
P.  Cothran.  He  is  a  fluent,  forcible  speaker,  and  is  learned  in 
the  law.  As  solicitor  of  the  eighth  judicial  circuit,  and  as 
the  state's  prosecuting  attorney,  he  was  fearless,  impartial  and 
faithful  in  the  discharge  of  his  duties. 

Mr.  Ansel  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  including 
Blue  Lodge,  Royal  Arch,  and  Knights  Templar,  and  is  also  an 
Odd  Fellow.  He  is  an  elder  in  the  First  Presbyterian  church 
of  Greenville.  In  politics  he  has  always  been  a  Democrat,  and 
has  taken  an  active  part  in  political  affairs.  In  1902  he  made 
the  canvass  for  governor  before  the  Democratic  primary  and 
received  a  very  handsome  vote.  So  much  strength  did  he 
develop  that  his  friends  persuaded  him  to  make  the  canvass  again 
in  the  summer  of  1906,  and  he  received  the  nomination  in  the 
primary  election,  leading  his  competitor,  Honorable  R.  I.  Man- 
ning, by  over  ten  thousand  majority.  One  of  the  main  issues 
in  the  campaign  was  the  state  dispensary  for  the  sale  of  liquors. 
Mr.  Ansel's  platform  was  in  opposition  to  the  state  dispensary, 
and  in  advocacy  of  county  local  option,  as  between  prohibition 
and  county  dispensaries.  His  nomination  was  followed  by  his 
election,  and  he  entered  upon  the  duties  of  his  office  in  January, 
1907,  for  a  term  of  two  years.  The  vote  he  received  was  very 
flattering  and  clearly  showed  that  he  had  a  large  place  in  the 
esteem  and  confidence  of  the  people. 

Mr.  Ansel  is  a  man  of  high  ideals,  is  deeply  interested  in 
young  men,  and  is  cordial  and  courteous  to  all.  He  is  a  strong 
supporter  of  the  schools  and  of  all  benevolent  and  charitable 
institutions.  He  is  eminently  a  man  of  the  people,  and  is  fre- 
quently called  upon  to  address  public  gatherings  in  all  parts  of 
the  state.  Able  and  conscientious,  and  having  the  courage  of  his 
convictions,  he  is  proving  himself  worthy  of  the  high  honor 
conferred  upon  him  by  the  people  of  his  state. 

Mr.  Ansel  has  been  twice  married.  His  first  wife  was 
Ophelia  Speights,  daughter  of  the  late  Mr.  A.  M.  Speights,  for 


MARTIN  FREDERICK  ANSEL 


many  years  editor  and  proprietor  of  the  Greenville  "Daily  News." 
Mrs.  Ansel  died,  leaving  three  children,  of  whom  two  daughters 
are  (1907)  living.  The  present  Mrs.  Ansel  was  Mrs.  Addie 
Hollingsworth  Harris,  daughter  of  Mr.  C.  L.  Hollingsworth,  a 
leading  attorney  of  Pickens,  South  Carolina,  and  a  man  of  influ- 
ence and  unusual  strength  of  character. 

Mr.  Ansel  has  a  most  delightful  home  in  Greenville,  South 
Carolina,  to  which  he  is  strongly  attached,  and  he  also  has  large 
interests  in  Pickens  county.  He  is  interested  in  agriculture,  and 
is  frequently  in  the  field  and  on  the  farm.  By  close  attention 
to  business,  careful  management  and  economy,  he  has  accumu- 
lated a  good  property.  He  has  always  taken  an  active  interest 
in  the  material  development  of  his  city  and  state,  has  been  a 
recognized  factor  in  the  industrial  development  of  upper  South 
Carolina,  and  is  directly  interested,  as  stockholder  and  director, 
in  a  number  of  enterprises. 


DUNCAN  CLINCH  HEWYARD 

HEYWARD,  DUNCAN  CLINCH,  ex-governor  of  his 
native  state,  was  born  in  Richland  county,  South  Caro- 
lina, June  24,  1864.  His  parents  were  Edward  Barn- 
well  and  Catherine  Maria  (Clinch)  Hey  ward.  A  few  years 
before  the  War  between  the  States  his  father  removed  from 
Colleton  county  to  his  plantation  in  Richland  county,  where  the 
family  remained  while  military  operations  were  in  progress  in 
the  lower  part  of  the  state.  His  mother  was  a  daughter  of 
General  Duncan  L.  Clinch,  United  States  army,  a  worthy  repre- 
sentative of  one  of  the  most  prominent  families  in  Georgia.  The 
Heywards  have  long  been  distinguished  in  the  history  of  South 
Carolina.  The  first  known  ancestor  in  this  country  was  Daniel 
Heyward,  who  came  from  England  about  1672.  For  several 
generations  the  Heywards  lived  in  what  is  known  as  the  "low 
country"  and  were  extensive  rice  planters.  They  were  very  suc- 
cessful in  the  management  of  large  plantations  upon  which  large 
numbers  of  negro  laborers  were  employed.  As  was  the  case  with 
other  families  in  that  section,  the  control  of  hundreds  of  slaves 
and  the  management  of  large  estates  developed  in  them  the 
ability  and  gave  them  the  training  for  command  which  has 
brought  them  to  the  front  in  times  of  war  and  fitted  them  to 
direct  large  enterprises  of  other  descriptions  since  the  profits  of 
the  rice  industry  have  been  reduced  by  the  opening  of  extensive 
rice  fields  in  Louisiana  and  Texas. 

In  childhood  and  youth  Duncan  Clinch  Heyward  was  strong 
and  well.  His  tastes  and  interests  were  such  as  were  common  to 
the  sons  of  South  Carolina  planters.  He  was  fond  of  hunting, 
fishing,  and  horseback  riding,  and  in  each  of  these  sports  he  was 
recognized  as  an  expert.  After  the  war  the  family  returned  to 
the  plantation  in  Colleton  county  and  within  a  few  years  the 
father  and  mother  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  were  removed 
by  death.  Thereafter  his  home  was  with  his  grandmother,  Mrs. 
Clinch,  who  spent  the  winters  in  Charleston  and  the  summers  in 
the  mountains  of  Georgia.  The  youth  attended  private  schools 
in  Charleston,  the  Cheltenham  Military  academy  in  Pennsyl- 


DUNCAN    CLINCH    HEYWARD  9 

vania,  and  completed  his  public  education  in  Washington  and 
Lee  university,  Lexington,  Virginia. 

The  active  work  of  life  was  commenced  in  Colleton  county, 
in  1887,  at  which  place  and  time  Mr.  Heyward  took  up  the 
ancestral  occupation  of  rice  growing  on  the  plantation  which  he 
had  in  part  inherited.  While  conducting  his  planting  operations 
he  resided  at  Walterboro,  where  he  soon  became  known  as  a 
studious  and  thoughtful  as  well  as  a  practical  and  forceful 
citizen.  In  the  "low  country"  the  maintenance  of  a  military 
company  of  whites  in  the  midst  of  an  overwhelming  population 
of  negroes  is  absolutely  necessary.  Mr.  Heyward  was  elected 
captain  of  the  Combahee  Mounted  Riflemen,  Troop  F,  South 
Carolina  volunteers,  and  discharged  with  signal  ability  the  duties 
of  that  difficult  position.  He  also  became  a  member  of  Knights 
of  Pythias,  of  the  Masons  and  Odd  Fellows.  In  the  Pythian 
order  he  rapidly  rose  from  one  office  to  a  higher  until  he  was 
made  grand  chancellor  of  the  grand  domain  of  South  Carolina. 
In  this  position  he  formed  many  warm  friendships  and  attained 
a  popularity  which  was  the  beginning  of  the  efforts  to  make  him 
governor  of  South  Carolina.  At  the  solicitation  of  his  friends, 
he  announced  himself  a  candidate  in  the  fall  of  1901,  the  Demo- 
cratic primary  election  being  held  in  the  summer  of  the  following 
year. 

His  race  in  1902  was  one  of  the  most  remarkable  in  the 
history  of  the  remarkable  state  of  South  Carolina.  He  had  never 
been  a  candidate  for  political  office,  and  to  the  vast  majority  of 
the  voters  he  was  personally  a  stranger,  while  his  opponents  were 
men  who  had  been  in  politics  for  many  years  and  were  generally 
known  by  reputation  and  personally  to  the  electors.  But  Mr. 
Heyward  had  formed  a  strong  organization  throughout  the  state 
among  his  personal  friends,  who  exerted  themselves  in  his  behalf 
without  reward  or  hope  of  reward,  and  as  the  campaign  pro- 
gressed he  wras  soon  looked  upon  as  the  leading  candidate  for 
governor.  He  went  into  every  county  in  the  state,  following  the 
South  Carolina  custom  in  which  the  candidates  for  all  state 
offices  canvass  the  state  together,  debating  the  issues  and  pre- 
senting their  claims.  In  the  first  Democratic  primary  election 
none  of  the  five  candidates  received  the  necessary  majority,  and 
a  second  election  was  held,  in  which  the  candidates  to  be  voted 
for  were  Heyward  and  W.  J.  Talbert,  former  congressman  and 


10  DUNCAN   CLINCH   HEYWARD 

one  of  the  most  experienced  politicians  in  the  state.  In  this 
first  election  Heyward  received  36,551  votes  and  Talbert  18,218. 
In  the  second  primary  two  weeks  later  Heyward  received  50,830 
votes  and  Talbert  40,494,  Heyward  being  nominated  by  a  major- 
ity vote  of  10,336.  Mr.  Heyward  was  subsequently  elected 
governor,  without  opposition,  as  the  Democratic  candidate,  and 
took  office  on  January  22,  1903.  At  the  expiration  of  his  two- 
year  term  he  again  received  the  Democratic  nomination  for 
governor,  this  time  without  opposition,  something  which  had  not 
happened  in  South  Carolina  for  at  least  a  score  of  years.  He 
was,  of  course,  reflected  also  without  opposition. 

During  his  administration  as  governor  Mr.  Heyward 
strengthened  his  hold  upon  the  people  of  the  state,  but  soon 
after  his  second  election  he  announced  that  he  would  retire  from 
politics  at  the  end  of  his  term.  His  administration  of  the  office 
was  marked  by  firmness,  conservatism,  and  business  judgment. 
He  stood  strongly  for  the  education  of  the  masses,  for  the  com- 
mon schools,  and  for  the  colleges;  he  recommended  the  passage 
of  the  law  against  child  labor  in  the  factories,  and  urged  the 
enactment  of  a  compulsory  education  measure,  but  without  suc- 
cess. In  the  campaign  in  which  he  was  first  elected  the  whisky 
question  was  not  an  issue,  inasmuch  as  all  the  candidates  then 
agreed  upon  the  support  of  the  dispensary  system.  While  Gov- 
ernor Heyward  adhered  to  his  support  of  the  dispensary,  he,  in 
his  message  to  the  general  assembly,  did  not  hesitate  to  call 
attention  to  the  dissatisfaction  with  certain  matters  in  connection 
with  the  system.  In  the  matter  of  pardons  he  was  extremely 
conservative,  and  he  recommended  the  passage  of  the  act  creating 
the  board  of  pardons  at  the  session  of  1906. 

Throughout  his  administration  Governor  Heyward  main- 
tained a  firm  stand  for  the  enforcement  of  the  law.  In  one  of 
his  messages  he  urged  the  general  assembly  to  make  an  especial 
appropriation  for  the  enforcement  of  the  law  in  cases  of  lynching 
and  similar  crimes  where  the  evidence  is  difficult  to  obtain.  He 
pledged  his  own  credit  to  obtain  money  for  the  employment  of 
detectives  to  secure  evidence  against  white  men  who  were  accused 
of  lynching  a  negro  at  Eutawville,  and  in  all  cases  of  this 
character  he  was  active  in  sustaining  the  prosecuting  officials  to 
secure  convictions.  His  policy  had  a  marked  effect  in  bettering 


DUNCAN    CLINCH    HEY  WARD  11 

conditions  in  South  Carolina,  making  lynching  much  less  safe 
and  easy. 

In  the  fall  of  1905  Governor  Heyward  was  elected  president 
of  the  Standard  Warehouse  company,  capital  $500,000,  with 
headquarters  at  Columbia.  He  then  announced  that  he  would 
reside  in  Columbia  and  engage  in  business  at  the  expiration  of 
his  second  term  as  governor  of  South  Carolina — a  plan  which 
was  carried  out  at  the  appointed  time. 


JAMES  ALDRIGH 

ADRICH,  JAMES,  judge,  was  born  in  the  village  of  Barn- 
well,  South  Carolina,  July  25,  1850.  He  is  the  only 
son  of  the  late  James  T.  and  Isabel  C.  Aldrich.  His 
paternal  ancestors  in  America,  George  and  Catherine  (Seald) 
Aldrich,  emigrated  from  Derbyshire,  England,  to  Massachusetts 
Bay,  landing  on  November  6,  1631,  thence  removed  to  Mendon, 
Massachusetts,  where  the  family  resided  and  some  of  the  descend- 
ants still  live.  In  1799,  Robert,  the  grandfather  of  James 
Aldrich,  left  Mendon  and  settled  in  Charleston.  For  more  than 
forty  years  he  had  charge  of  the  commercial  wharves  of  that 
city;  and,  upon  his  death,  in  1851,  the  owners  of  the  wharves 
erected  a  monument  to  his  memory  in  old  St.  Philip's  church- 
yard. 

James  Thomas,  the  fourth  son  of  Robert  and  the  father  of 
James  Aldrich,  was  born  in  Charleston,  but  moved  to  Barnwell, 
South  Carolina.  Here,  in  1847,  he  married  Isabel  Coroneous, 
the  fifth  child  of  the  late  Angus  Patterson.  He  was  a  leader 
of  the  South  Carolina  bar,  and  was  often  urged  to  aspire  to  high 
political  position,  but  accepted  only  a  first  lieutenancy  in  the 
Confederates  States  army,  serving  during  the  war.  He  died  in 
1875.  He  was  characterized  by  love  for  the  law  and  general 
literature,  and  by  integrity  and  sincerity. 

Alexander  and  Elizabeth  Patterson,  the  maternal  ancestors 
of  Mrs.  James  Aldrich,  were  of  Scotch  extraction  and  lived  in 
Robeson  county,  North  Carolina.  Here  her  father,  the  Honorable 
Angus  Patterson,  was  born  in  1790,  but  in  1807  he  moved  to 
Barnwell.  He  was  an  honored  and  successful  lawyer.  To  Angus 
Patterson  belongs  the  unique  distinction  of  having  represented 
his  county,  Barnwell,  in  the  general  assembly  continuously  from 
1818  to  1850.  The  first  four  years  he  served  as  a  member  of  the 
house  of  representatives,  and  the  remaining  twenty-eight  years 
as  senator,  during  the  last  twelve  of  which  he  was  president  of 
the  senate. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  possessed,  in  childhood,  a  sound 
physique,  and  was  devoted  to  boyish  sports.  He  was  fond  of 
reading,  especially  of  biography.  His  mother,  an  intellectual 


JAMES    ALDRICH  15 

and  educated  woman,  guided  his  reading  and  aided  him  in  every 
way.  His  father  was  of  decided  literary  ability  and  often  read 
to  his  children,  explaining  as  he  read.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
attended  the  preparatory  school  of  the  Rev.  B.  F.  B.  Perry  until 
about  1862,  when,  his  father  being  in  the  Confederate  service, 
the  family  lived  on  a  plantation  upon  the  Edisto  river.  Here 
he  studied  under  the  guidance  of  his  mother  until  the  fall  of 
1864,  when  he,  with  the  family,  returned  to  Barnwell. 

In  1865  the  Federal  army,  under  General  Sherman,  was 
marching  upon  South  Carolina,  and  Barnwell  was  in  the  line  of 
march.  James  Aldrich,  then  but  fourteen,  volunteered  to  join 
first  a  Confederate  States  company  and  then  a  state  company, 
but  was  both  times  rejected  because  too  young.  President  Davis 
had  recently  declared  that  "the  seed  corn  of  the  Confederacy" 
must  be  preserved.  He  then  joined  an  independent  company 
known  as  a  "cradle  and  grave  company,"  composed  of  boys  and 
old  men.  Dr.  Roper,  founder  of  the  Roper  hospital  in  Charles- 
ton, was  a  refugee  in  Barnwell,  and,  in  the  winter  of  1864-65, 
raised  such  a  company,  which  the  youth  joined.  The  company 
served  until  the  Federals  had  passed  through  and  beyond  the 
vicinity  of  Barnwell. 

James  Aldrich  took  with  him,  for  the  use  of  the  company, 
his  father's  carriage  horses  and  wagon.  On  returning  home  he 
went  among  his  father's  farmer  friends  in  a  part  of  the  country 
where  the  Federal  troops  had  not  been,  and  collected  a  partial 
supply  of  sorely  needed  provisions  for  his  destitute  family. 
These  troops  had  destroyed  the  South  Carolina  railway  from 
Branchville  to  Montmorenci,  taken  or  killed  the  mules,  horses, 
etc.,  and  destroyed  the  wagons.  The  merchants  of  Barnwell  had 
been  burned  out  and  were  anxious  to  procure  new  goods.  Here 
he  saw  his  opportunity  to  provide  for  the  necessities  of  his 
family.  He  hauled  goods  for  the  merchants  from  Branchville 
to  Barnwell,  about  forty  miles,  until  the  railroad  was  rebuilt. 
He  then  farmed  for  two  years,  working  as  a  laborer. 

From  1867  to  1869  he  studied  in  the  village  schools  of  Barn- 
well,  after  which  he  entered  Washington  college  at  Lexington, 
Virginia.  General  Robert  E.  Lee  was  the  president  of  the 
college ;  but,  upon  his  death  and  in  his  memory,  Washington  and 
Lee  university  was  established.  James  Aldrich  remained  at  the 
university  until  June,  1872,  when,  his  means  becoming  exhausted, 


16  JAMES   ALDRICH 

he  had  to  abandon  his  hope  of  taking  the  A.  M.  degree.  While 
in  college  he  was  an  active  member  of  the  Graham-Lee  Literary 
society,  representing  it  on  several  occasions.  In  1872  he  returned 
to  Barnwell,  where,  under  his  father,  he  studied  law;  and,  on 
January  20,  1873,  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  He  settled  in  Aiken, 
where  he  practiced  law  up  to  1889,  and  early  became  one  of  the 
foremost  attorneys  at  the  bar. 

Soon  after  settling  in  Aiken,  Mr.  Aldrich  aided  in  organizing 
the  "Palmetto  Rifles,"  of  which  he  was  elected  first  lieutenant 
and  afterwards  captain.  This  company,  during  the  "Radical" 
days,  kept  the  peace  in  the  city  and  county.  It  took  part  in 
numerous  fatal  Republican  riots,  such  as  Ellenton,  Rouse's  Bridge 
and  others.  The  Republican  governor  disbanded  the  Palmetto 
Rifles  and  called  in  their  arms,  but  the  men  reorganized  as  a 
social  organization,  purchased  sixteen- shooting  Winchester  Rifles, 
and  continued  to  protect  life,  society,  and  private  property  until 
after  Governor  Hampton  was  inaugurated. 

Like  most  Southern  men,  Judge  Aldrich,  prior  to  1876,  took 
an  active  part  in  public  affairs.  He  opposed  fusion  tickets,  and 
advocated  a  straight-out  Democratic  nomination.  In  the  May, 
1876,  Democratic  convention  he  urged  the  nomination  of  a  Demo- 
cratic ticket  and  cast  the  first  vote  in  that  convention  for  a 
straight-out  nomination,  but  the  convention  was  not  ripe  for  the 
move.  In  the  same  year,  however,  the  fight  prevailed,  and 
Governor  Hampton  became  the  nominee  of  the  "unterrified 
Democracy"  and  redeemed  the  state.  The  subject  of  this  sketch 
took  an  active  part  in  that  ever-memorable  campaign. 

Judge  Aldrich  was  elected  a  member  of  the  house  of  repre- 
sentatives for  his  county,  Aiken,  for  ten  years,  from  December, 
1878,  to  December,  1884,  when  he  declined  reelection;  but  he 
was  again  elected  in  December,  1886,  and  served  to  December, 
1889.  He  was  active  in  committee  work  and  chairman  of  several 
important  committees. 

In  December,  1889,  Judge  Aldrich  was  elected  judge  of  the 
second  judicial  district  of  South  Carolina,  then  composed  of  the 
counties  of  Aiken,  Barnwell,  Hampton,  Beaufort  and  Colleton; 
to  these  Bamberg  was  afterward  added.  In  nearty  fifteen  years 
he  never  missed  a  term  of  court.  To  dispose  of  work  he  fre- 
quently heard  cases  at  night.  Though  not  oldest  in  age,  he  is 
the  judge  now  longest  in  commission,  and  during  his  long  service 


JAMES   ALDRICH  17 

has  presided  at  many  of  the  most  important  and  exciting  cases 
tried  in  the  state,  and  his  decisions  are  quoted  as  authority 
throughout  the  United  States. 

Judge  Aldrich,  as  circuit  judge,  is  ex  officio  a  member  of 
the  court  en  bane,  the  court  of  highest  and  last  resort  in  the  state 
of  South  Carolina.  (See  article  V,  section  12,  constitution  of 
1895.)  It  is  convened  by  the  chief  justice  whenever  two  or  more 
justices  of  the  supreme  court  desire  it,  to  consider  questions  of 
constitutional  law,  or  any  other  important  cause.  All  of  the 
justices  of  the  supreme  court  and  circuit  judges  sit  together, 
except  the  circuit  judge  from  whom  the  appeal  is  pending,  and 
the  decision  of  the  majority  of  the  justices  and  judges  sitting  is 
final  and  conclusive. 

Judge  Aldrich  has  always  taken  an  active  part  in  education. 
He  assisted  in  organizing  the  Aiken  institute,  and  was  its  first 
president,  and  has  also  been  an  active  member  of  the  South 
Carolina  Historical  society.  He  is  a  past  master  of  the  Aiken 
Masonic  lodge,  a  member  of  the  Episcopal  church,  and  has  fre- 
quently represented  his  church  in  the  convention  of  the  diocese. 

In  1903  Judge  Aldrich  published  "A  Short  Sketch  of  the 
Lives  of  James  Thomas  Aldrich  and  His  Wife,  Mrs.  Isabel 
Coroneous  Aldrich."  Several  biographies  of  Judge  Aldrich  have 
been  published;  one  on  page  3  of  "Men  of  the  Times,"  South 
Carolina,  by  J.  C.  Garlington,  in  1902,  and  another  on  page  43, 
volume  3,  of  "The  National  Cyclopedia  of  American  Biography," 
by  James  T.  White  &  Company,  of  New  York,  in  1893. 

Judge  Aldrich  was  married  December  15,  1874,  to  Miss 
Fannie  Lebby.  Three  children  have  been  born  to  them,  one  of 
whom,  Mrs.  Huger  T.  Hall,  is  now  (1907)  living. 

Judge  Aldrich's  address  is  Aiken,  South  Carolina. 


Vol.  I— S.   C.— 2 


THOMAS  MALLALIEU  BAILEY 

BAILEY,  THOMAS  MALLALIEU,  D.  D.,  was  born  at 
Grace  Hill,  county  Antrim,  Ireland,  December  27,  1829. 
His  parents  were  Joseph  and  Margaret  (Warden)  Bailey, 
both   of   Scotch-Irish   descent.      They   had   eleven   children,   of 
whom  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  the  youngest. 

Until  his  fifteenth  year  Thomas  Bailey  attended  the  village 
academy.  A  natural  taste  for  outdoor  life  made  him  desire  to 
become  a  farmer,  which  was  the  occupation  of  his  father,  but 
the  latter  preferred  for  him  the  occupation  of  a  merchant,  and 
apprenticed  him  to  a  firm  in  Ballymena,  four  miles  from  his 
home.  Here  he  worked  for  four  years,  walking  home  every 
Saturday  night.  By  close  and  systematic  attention  to  his  work 
he  won  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  his  employers,  and  formed 
those  careful  business  habits  which  have  characterized  him 
through  life.  He  was  next  employed  by  Baker  Brothers,  a  firm 
of  well-known  Quaker  merchants  in  Dublin.  They  promoted 
him  rapidly  and  soon  made  him  superintendent  of  the  store,  a 
position  which  he  held  for  three  years.  During  this  time  he 
studied  at  night,  preparing  himself  to  enter  Trinity  college.  He 
changed  his  mind,  however,  and  went  to  London,  where  he 
pursued  a  course  of  study  in  the  British  and  Foreign  Society 
school  preparatory  to  going  abroad  as  a  missionary.  He  was  at 
this  time  a  Moravian  in  religious  faith.  After  finishing  the 
prescribed  course  he  was  sent  out  by  the  society  as  a  missionary 
to  the  island  of  St.  Thomas,  in  the  Danish  West  Indies.  He 
entered  upon  what  he  expected  to  be  his  life  work,  but  an  attack 
of  fever  undermined  his  health  and  his  physician  ordered  him 
to  Santa  Cruz,  where  he  energetically  and  successfully  ministered 
to  churches  and  gathered  the  young  into  Bible  schools.  While 
a  missionary  in  Santa  Cruz  he  became  acquainted  with  Baron 
Joseph  von  Bretton  and  his  wife,  and  her  sister,  Miss  Alice 
Kierulff.  For  the  latter  he  formed  a  strong  attachment  and  they 
were  married  in  the  home  of  the  baron.  She  was  his  faithful 
and  efficient  helpmeet  until  her  death  in  1886. 

About  the  time  of  his  marriage  his  religious  views  under- 
went a  change.  He  resigned  his  position  as  missionary  and  with 


THOMAS   MALLALIETJ  BAILEY  21 

his  wife  came  to  the  United  States  and  settled  in  what  was  then 
Edgefield  district,  South  Carolina.  Here  he  joined  the  Gilgal 
Baptist  church,  and  was  baptized  by  the  Rev.  E.  L.  Whatley. 
He  was  soon  called  to  the  pastorate  of  Baptist  churches  in  that 
part  of  the  state  and  preached  with  great  acceptance.  He 
remained  in  Edgefield  two  years  and  moved  to  Alabama  and 
preached  to  churches  in  Dallas  and  Lowndes  counties.  In  1867 
he  moved  to  Iowa,  and  for  a  short  time  was  pastor  at  Newton, 
but  the  climate  proving  too  severe  for  the  health  of  Mrs.  Bailey, 
he  returned  to  Alabama  and  resumed  the  work  he  had  so  recently 
laid  down. 

In  1874  Dr.  Bailey  was  elected  secretary  of  the  mission  work 
of  the  Alabama  Baptist  state  convention,  and  became  a  resident 
of  Marion,  in  that  state.  He  remained  in  this  position  until 
January,  1886.  During  this  period  he  visited  the  churches,  dis- 
trict associations,  preached,  and  made  addresses  on  missions  and 
education,  in  all  parts  of  the  state,  and  was  instrumental  in 
greatly  building  up  the  churches  and  increasing  their  interest 
in  missions  and  in  other  forms  of  benevolence.  Having  been  a 
foreign  missionary,  he  wTas  well  equipped  for  this  work.  The 
eleven  years  he  spent  in  this  position  were  full  of  arduous  toil 
and  great  self -sacrifice ;  but  his  iron  constitution,  clear  intellect, 
and  strong  sense  of  humor,  together  with  a  genial  disposition, 
enabled  him  to  endure  the  hardships  without  serious  injury. 

In  December,  1885,  he  was  elected  corresponding  secretary 
of  state  missions  for  the  Baptists  of  South  Carolina.  He  entered 
upon  his  work  the  first  of  January,  1886,  and  has  been  unani- 
mously reflected  every  year  since.  His  life  is  as  full  of  work 
as  ever,  as  he  is  constantly  visiting  churches  and  public  gather- 
ings all  over  the  state.  The  degree  of  D.  D.  was  conferred  upon 
him  by  Howard  college,  Alabama. 

Dr.  Bailey  possesses  a  fine  intellect,  which  has  been  cultivated 
by  diligent  study  and  wide  reading.  He  is  a  preacher  of  great 
ability  and  a  platform  speaker  of  unusual  power.  He  is  a  man 
of  wisdom  and  good  sense,  one  who  understands  human  nature, 
and  who  is  broad-minded  and  sympathetic.  He  readily  compre- 
hends the  situation,  is  quick  to  decide,  and  when  he  reaches  a 
conclusion  he  acts  without  hesitation.  Always  hopeful,  cheerful, 
and  encouraging,  he  is  a  safe  counsellor  and  his  advice  is  sought 
by  churches  and  pastors  throughout  the  state.  During  his  twenty 


22  THOMAS  MALLALIEU  BAILEY 

years  of  service  in  South  Carolina  the  work  has  grown  rapidly 
and  the  denomination  he  represents  now  has  the  largest  member- 
ship of  any  in  the  state  and  is  in  all  respects  an  efficient  and 
honored  body  of  Christians.  He  is  a  strong  advocate  of  the 
cause  of  education,  and  of  all  judicious  forms  of  benevolent  and 
charitable  work.  He  is  well  informed  on  all  topics  of  current 
interest.  Although  never  active  in  political  affairs,  he  is  in 
sympathy  with  the  Democratic  party.  His  favorite  form  of 
relaxation  is  working  in  his  yard  and  garden. 

Of  the  seven  children  of  Dr.  Bailey  by  his  first  wife  six 
are  living  in  1907.  Before  her  marriage  the  present  Mrs.  Bailey 
was  Sue  McMillan,  of  Barnwell  county,  South  Carolina.  She 
studied  under  Dr.  W.  B.  Johnson,  one  of  the  leading  educators 
in  the  state,  and  is  a  woman  of  superior  graces  and  fine  intel- 
lectual attainments. 

The  address  of  Dr.  Bailey  is  Number  519  Hampton  avenue, 
Greenville,  South  Carolina. 


JOSEPH  WALKER  BARNWELL 

BARNWELL,  JOSEPH  WALKER,  lawyer  and  legislator, 
was  born  in  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  October  31, 
1846.  His  parents  were  William  Hazzard  and  Catharine 
Osborn  Barnwell.  His  father  practiced  law  for  a  time  and  then 
became  a  clergyman  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church.  For 
twenty-one  years  he  was  rector  of  St.  Peter's  church  in  Charles- 
ton. He  was  a  man  of  fine  talents,  high  character,  industrious, 
courageous,  an  eloquent  preacher,  and  a  public-spirited  citizen. 
His  wife  (who  was  born  a  Barnwell)  was  a  woman  of  excellent 
attainments  and  gentle  and  kindly  disposition,  whose  influence 
upon  her  son  was  strong,  helpful,  and  enduring.  The  earliest 
ancestor  of  the  family  to  locate  in  this  country  was  Colonel  John 
Barnwell,  who  came  from  Dublin,  Ireland,  and  settled  in  Charles- 
town  (since  1783  spelled  Charleston)  in  1701.  He  commanded 
the  expedition  against  the  Tuscaroras  in  1711,  was  colonel  in  the 
Yemassee  war  of  1715,  and  in  1719  was  sent  to  England  by  the 
colony  to  negotiate  its  transfer  to  the  crown.  His  son,  Colonel 
Nathaniel  Barnwell,  was  aide  to  General  Oglethorpe  in  the  expe- 
dition against  St.  Augustine  in  1740.  Robert  Gibbes  Barnwell, 
son  of  Colonel  Nathaniel  Barnwell,  was  speaker  of  the  house  of 
representatives  and  president  of  the  senate  of  South  Carolina. 
He  was  a  delegate  to  the  continental  congress  and  a  congressman 
in  1791,  and  a  valiant  soldier  in  the  Revolution,  in  which  war 
he  received  no  less  than  seventeen  wounds. 

In  childhood  and  youth  Joseph  W.  Barnwell  was  healthy 
and  strong.  He  was  fond  of  books  and  of  games  of  all  kinds 
that  were  common  in  his  locality.  Until  he  was  six  years  of  age 
his  home  was  in  Charleston.  During  the  next  nine  years  he  lived 
in  Beaufort  from  May  to  November  and  passed  the  remainder 
of  the  year  on  his  father's  plantation  on  Broad  river,  Port  Royal 
island,  ten  miles  from  Beaufort.  He  studied  at  Beaufort  college, 
and  the  schools  of  B.  R.  Stuart  and  A.  Sachtleben,  both  at 
Columbia,  at  the  Citadel  during  the  war,  and  later  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  South  Carolina.  He  also  studied  for  a  time  at  the 
University  of  Gottingen  in  Germany.  Although  he  acquired  a 
broad  education,  he  never  took  a  professional  course.  In  order 


24  JOSEPH   WALKER   BARNWELL 

to  take  these  courses  of  study  he  was  given  by  friends  $2,500, 
but  paid  back  the  entire  sum  after  he  commenced  professional 
work.  From  January  1,  1864,  to  December  7  of  the  same  year 
he  was  at  the  South  Carolina  Military  academy,  and  on  the  day 
last  named  he  received  a  severe  wound  in  an  engagement  near 
Tulafinni,  South  Carolina.  From  early  boyhood  he  had  felt  that 
he  was  destined  for  the  bar.  He  was  admitted  to  practice  in 
1869,  and  in  January,  1871,  he  commenced  active  work  in  his 
profession.  His  success  was  assured  at  the  start.  And  he  not 
only  made  his  way  as  a  lawyer,  but  his  talents  and  energy 
brought  him  political  honors.  In  November,  1874,  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  state  house  of  representatives  from  the  Charles- 
ton district.  In  this  capacity  he  served  for  two  years,  and  with 
Honorable  George  A.  Trenholm  sustained  the  policy  of  Governor 
Chamberlain  in  his  attempt  to  secure  reform  in  the  state  govern- 
ment. At  the  close  of  the  term  he  declined  reelection.  In  1890 
he  was  a  candidate  for  attorney  general  on  the  Haskell  ticket, 
in  which  political  contest  Judge  Alexander  Cheves  Haskell  and 
Benjamin  R.  Tillman  were  opposing  candidates  for  governor. 
In  1894  he  was  elected  to  the  state  senate,  in  which  he  served 
two  years,  when,  owing  to  a  change  in  the  district,  the  office  was 
abolished.  In  1900  he  again  became  a  member  of  the  state  senate 
for  a  term  of  four  years,  at  the  expiration  of  which  time  he 
declined  to  be  a  candidate  for  reelection.  For  several  years  he 
served  with  ability  and  fidelity  as  chairman  of  the  Democratic 
party  in  Charleston  county.  He  has  also  been  prominent  in  the 
social  and  literary  life  of  Charleston.  He  has  been  president  of 
the  Charleston  club  and  of  the  South  Carolina  Historical  society, 
vice-president  of  the  Charleston  literary  society  and  of  the 
Carolina  Art  association,  and  chairman  of  the  managers  of  the 
St.  Cecilia  society.  In  all  of  these  positions  he  has  won  high 
commendation.  Through  these  societies,  and  in  various  other 
ways,  he  has  done  much  to  maintain  and  still  further  develop 
appreciation  of  art  and  literature  and  the  higher  pleasures  and 
refinements  of  life  in  the  cultured  city  in  which  he  lives.  Among 
his  plans  for  the  future  is  the  bringing  of  McCrady's  "History 
of  South  Carolina"  down  to  date — a  work  which  it  is  much  to 
be  hoped  he  will  carry  out.  His  reading  has  been  wide  and 
varied,  including,  as  he  says,  "all  kinds  from  the  Bible  down." 
He  finds  his  relaxation  in  a  month's  holiday  each  year  at  Flat 


JOSEPH   WALKER  BARNWELL  25 

Rock,  North  Carolina,  and  in  reading  everything  he  can  find 
time  to  read.  In  politics  he  has  always  been  a  Democrat.  His 
religious  affiliation  is  with  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church,  in 
which  he  is  deeply  interested. 

On  January  23,  1883,  Mr.  Barnwell  was  married  to  Miss 
Harriott  Kinloch  Cheves,  daughter  of  Dr.  Charles  M.  Cheves 
and  Isabella  Middleton.  Of  their  five  children  three  are  living 
in  190T. 

His  postoffice  address  is  Number  48  South  Battery,  Charleston, 
South  Carolina. 


WILLIAM  H.  BRAWLEY 

BEAWLEY,  WILLIAM  H.,  LL.  D.,  judge  United  States 
court  for  the  district  of  South  Carolina,  was  born  in 
Chester,  South  Carolina,  May  13,  1841.    After  taking  the 
usual  preparatory  course  he  entered  the  South  Carolina  college, 
from  which  institution  he  was  graduated  in  1860.     In  April, 

1861,  he  enlisted  as  a  private  in  the  sixth  regiment  South  Caro- 
lina volunteers.    He  was  with  this  command  at  the  time  of  the 
attack  upon  Fort  Sumter  and  soon  afterward  went  with  it  to 
Virginia.     He  participated  in  all  the  battles  in  which  his  regi- 
ment was  engaged  until  his  military  career  was  cut  short  at  the 
battle  of  Seven  Pines,  where,  late  in  the  afternoon  of  May  31, 

1862,  he  received  a  wound  which  necessitated  the  amputation  of 
his  left  arm.     This  compelled  him  to  remain  for  three  months 
in  the  hospital  at  Richmond.    He  then  returned  home,  and,  his 
father  having  died  meanwhile,  took  charge  of  the  plantation, 
until  April,  1864,  when,  partly  to  recover  his  health,  which  had 
been   much    impaired,    and    partly    for    the    completion    of   his 
education,  he  ran  the  blockade  and  went  to  Europe,  where  he 
remained  for  study  and  travel  until  November,  1865,  when  he 
sailed  for  home. 

Upon  his  return  he  studied  law,  and  in  1866  he  was  admitted 
to  practice.  He  was  elected  solicitor  of  the  sixth  circuit  in  1868, 
was  reflected  in  1872,  and  in  1874  resigned  that  office  upon  his 
removal  to  Charleston,  where  he  became  associated  in  the  practice 
of  law  with  the  Honorable  W.  D.  Porter,  and  subsequently,  upon 
Mr.  Porter's  retirement  from  the  bar,  became  associated  with 
Joseph  W.  Barnwell,  Esquire.  He  was  elected  to  the  legislature 
from  Charleston  in  1882,  and  by  successive  reelections  remained 
in  the  legislature  until  his  election  to  congress  in  1890,  having 
been  chairman  of  the  judiciary  committee  of  the  house  during 
the  last  years  of  his  service  there.  During  such  service  his  skill 
as  a  man  of  affairs,  and  his  mastery  of  public  problems  and 
ability  to  dispel  the  illusions  of  the  hour  and  present  questions 
in  their  true  light,  soon  secured  to  him  respectful  attention  and 
influence.  His  delicate  political  tact,  and  astute  judgment  of 
human  nature,  with  his  great  force  in  debate,  made  him  at  once 


-":  •  ~ 


WILLIAM   H.   BRAWLEY  29 

a  powerful  ally  and  a  formidable  adversary.  His  speech  in 
opposition  to  granting  the  railroad  commission  full  power  to  fix 
rates,  without  giving  any  right  of  appeal,  has  been  conceded  to 
be  one  of  the  ablest  arguments  ever  made  in  the  South  Carolina 
legislature.  His  appeal  to  the  house,  in  1886,  in  behalf  of  the 
sufferers  from  the  great  Charleston  earthquake  of  that  year  was 
one  of  those  impassioned  bursts  of  orator}^  heard  only  from  gifted 
speakers  on  rare  occasions.  His  influence  in  the  legislature,  and 
position  as  chairman  of  the  judiciary  committee,  made  him  the 
acknowledged  leader  in  the  house  of  representatives  at  the  time 
of  his  retirement  in  1890,  when  he  was  elected  to  the  fifty-first 


congress. 


Possessing  scholarly  attainments,  a  complete  master  of  the 
English  language,  with  accurate  and  comprehensive  knowledge  of 
the  public  issues  of  that  day,  he  entered  congress  fully  equipped 
for  the  work  before  him.  In  March,  1892,  the  people  of  the 
United  States  became  acquainted  with  his  ability  and  power 
through  his  speech  in  the  debate  on  the  silver  question  in  oppo- 
sition to  the  Bland  bill  for  free  coinage  at  the  ratio  of  sixteen 
to  one.  This  speech  elicited  most  favorable  and  extended  com- 
ment from  prominent  men  in  public  life,  and  the  leading  news- 
papers of  the  country,  and  was  regarded  as  one  of  the  most 
valuable  utterances  on  that  question,  evincing  careful  study  and 
preparation  and  thorough  knowledge  of  the  subject.  The  closing 
paragraph  of  that  speech  was  referred  to  by  many  of  the  leading 
newspapers  as  a  model  of  style  as  well  as  sentiment,  and  the  late 
Speaker  Reed  pronounced  it  "worthy  of  the  finest  old  Stoic  who 
ever  talked  philosophy." 

His  speech  on  the  bill  to  repeal  the  Sherman  Act,  in 
September,  1893,  elicited  like  favorable  comments,  and  again 
demonstrated  his  fitness  for  leadership  in  public  affairs,  so  that 
it  was  with  great  regret  that  many  of  his  constituents  learned 
of  his  retirement  from  congress  in  February,  1894,  to  accept  the 
appointment  from  President  Cleveland  as  United  States  judge 
for  South  Carolina,  an  appointment  which  was  offered  without 
any  intimation  of  his  desire  for  that  office. 

His  career  as  a  judge  has  been  marked  by  the  same  ability, 
steadfastness  of  purpose,  and  adherence  to  principle  which  had 
characterized  his  previous  public  life.  His  pure  style  and 
vigorous  language  have  added  much  to  the  value  of  his  decisions, 


30  WILLIAM   H.    BRAWLEY 

which  have  covered  a  wide  field,  embracing,  among  others,  ques- 
tions of  admiralty,  patent  law,  and  prize  law. 

His  occasional  addresses  have  exhibited  a  wide  range  of 
thought  and  scholarship,  and  are  marked  by  great  felicity  of 
diction.  Among  the  latest  of  such  addresses  is  one  delivered  at 
Chester  on  the  occasion  of  the  laying  of  the  cornerstone  of  a 
monument  to  the  Confederate  dead  of  that  county,  May  10,  1905. 
It  is  doubtful  that  any  address  of  recent  years  on  the  causes  of 
the  War  between  the  States  has  awakened  more  public  interest 
in  all  parts  of  the  country.  "Harper's  Weekly"  has  referred  to 
it  in  a  recent  editorial  as  "an  oration  admirable  in  thought,  word 
and  spirit,  which  we  commend  to  the  attention  of  such  readers 
as  can  by  any  means  lay  hands  upon  it.  It  is  a  discourse  of  so 
much  charm,  and  put  together  with  so  fine  a  sense  of  harmony, 
that  it  could  not  be  properly  presented  in  fragments,  as  extracts 
could  not  do  it  justice."  One  of  the  most  scholarly  men  of  the 
South  has  written  of  it:  "It  has  conspicuous  merit  as  history, 
rhetoric,  sentiment.  Its  language  is  perfect,  and  its  spirit  lofty; 
proud,  but  not  arrogant;  conciliatory,  but  not  deprecatory;  dig- 
nified, catholic,  patriotic." 

The  degree  of  LL.  D.  was  conferred  on  him  by  the  South 
Carolina  college  at  its  centennial  celebration  in  1905. 

The  address  of  Judge  Brawley  is  Charleston,  South  Carolina. 


HENRY  BRIGGS 

BRIGGS,  HENRY,  banker,  was  born  at  Pickensville,  South 
Carolina,  October  12,  1851.    He  is  the  son  of  Alexander 
Sloan  Briggs  and  Anna  La  Bruce  Robinson.    His  parents 
were  members  of  large  and  influential  families,  thrifty,  substan- 
tial, honorable  country  people,  worthy  representatives  of  a  large 
class  for  which  upper  South  Carolina  is  noted.    His  mother  still 
(1907)  lives  in  Greenville.     His  father  at  one  time  was  secretary 
and  treasurer  of  the  Spartanburg  and  Union  railroad. 

Henry  Briggs  grew  up  in  sight  of  the  Blue  Ridge  mountains, 
and  early  developed  a  vigorous  constitution,  and  through  life  he 
has  been  strong  and  healthy.  He  attended  the  schools  in  the 
towrns  of  Greenville  and  Spartanburg.  In  early  life  he  entered 
a  store  as  a  salesman,  and  gradually  worked  himself  into  more 
responsible  positions.  He  commenced  his  business  career  in 
Greenville  in  1870,  when  he  was  employed  as  a  clerk  in  the 
general  merchandise  store  of  Williams  &  Whitmire,  later  with 
Mr.  Jack  Whitmire.  He  left  this  position  to  become  bookkeeper 
and  head  clerk  for  Mills  &  McBrayer,  general  merchandise.  In 
1876  he  formed  a  copartnership  with  Frank  Hammond,  under 
the  firm  name  of  Briggs  &  Hammond.  About  this  time  he 
was  elected  an  alderman  of  the  citv  and  did  excellent  work  as 

«/ 

chairman  of  the  street  committee.  In  1884  he  formed  a  copart- 
nership with  his  brother,  George  Briggs,  and  Captain  O.  P.  Mills, 
and  bought  out  and  consolidated  the  business  of  Briggs  &  Ham- 
mond and  Mills  &  McBrayer.  He  retired  from  the  consolidated 
business  in  1890  and  moved  to  Florence,  Alabama,  where  he  lived 
one  year,  engaged  in  the  house  contracting  business.  He  returned 
to  Greenville  and  established  the  American  bank,  one  of  the  best 
banks  in  upper  South  Carolina,  of  which  he  has  been  president 
ever  since.  He  is  also  connected  as  director  with  many  business 
enterprises  in  Greenville  and  other  places. 

Mr.  Briggs  came  to  Greenville  a  poor  boy,  but  by  diligence, 
industry,  economy,  exemplary  habits,  and  courteous  manners  he 
has  built  himself  up  in  the  confidence  and  esteem  of  the  people, 
and  has  become  one  of  the  most  reliable  and  substantial  business 
men  of  Greenville.  Except  the  position  of  alderman,  he  has 


32  HENRY  BRIGGS 

never  held  public  office.  Twice  he  was  a  candidate  for  mayor, 
and  lacked  only  a  few  votes  of  being  elected.  He  is  a  Democrat, 
but,  being  a  quiet,  conservative  man,  he  has  never  taken  a  con- 
spicuous part  in  party  politics.  He  is  a  Mason  and  a  Woodman 
of  the  World,  and  is  affiliated  with  the  Baptist  church.  He  owns 
considerable  real  estate  in  and  around  Greenville,  and  is  consid- 
ered an  authority  in  all  matters  of  business  investments.  Having 
struggled  himself  in  early  life,  he  knows  how  to  encourage  and 
help  young  men  who  are  trying  to  build  themselves  up  by 
industrious  habits  and  correct  business  principles. 

Mr.  Briggs  married  Emala  Louisa  McBee,  a  member  of  one 
of  the  oldest  and  most  influential  families  of  Greenville.  They 
were  married  April  18,  1883,  and  have  one  son  now  (1907)  living. 

The  address  of  Mr.  Briggs  is  Greenville,  South  Carolina. 


f*v 


ABNER  ALONZO  BRISTOW 

BRISTOW,  ABNER  ALONZO,  merchant  and  board  of 
trade  president,  was  born  in  Bennettsville,  Marlboro 
county,  South  Carolina,  April  22,  1854.  His  parents 
were  Abner  Nash  and  Ann  Elizabeth  Bristow.  His  father  was 
a  merchant  and  for  some  time  held  the  office  of  judge  of  probate 
for  Marlboro  county.  He  was  noted  for  earnest  purpose  and 
devotion  to  his  home  and  friends.  In  religion  he  was  a  Baptist, 
and  for  many  years  he  served  the  local  church  of  that  denomi- 
nation, in  which  he  held  the  office  of  deacon,  with  great  fidelity. 
The  first  ancestors  of  the  Bristow  family  came  from  England 
and  Wales,  and,  like  their  descendants,  they  were  prominent  in 
the  intellectual  and  public  life  of  South  Carolina. 

In  his  boyhood  and  youth  Abner  Alonzo  Bristow  lived  in 
the  village  in  which  he  was  born.  He  was  slender  but  active, 
and,  while  he  was  fond  of  reading,  he  was  also  interested  in 
outdoor  sports,  especially  hunting  and  fishing.  Fortunately  for 
himself,  as  it  proved  in  later  years,  he  had  regular  tasks  to 
perform.  When  quite  young  he  was  required  to  work  a  large 
garden,  and  by  degrees  he  learned  all  the  varied  kinds  of  farm 
work.  In  this  way  he  was  taught  habits  of  industry  and  early 
rising,  and  was  led  to  see  that  constant,  unremitting  labor  was 
the  only  road  to  success.  This  training  also  taught  him  how  to 
cope  successfully  with  the  great  difficulties  which  were  caused  by 
the  changed  conditions  brought  about  by  the  War  between  the 
States.  He  attended  the  village  school  until  he  was  fifteen  years 
of  age.  The  death  of  his  father  at  this  time  compelled  him  to 
give  up  all  hope  of  obtaining  a  public  education. 

The  section  in  which  he  lived  had  been  devastated  by  the 
war  and  he  felt  that  he  must  find  employment  that  would  enable 
him  to  support  himself  and  aid  his  mother  and  sisters,  who  were 
then  largely  dependent  upon  him.  His  first  position  was  that  of 
clerk  in  a  country  store  in  Marlboro  county,  where  he  commenced 
work  in  September,  1869.  His  earnestness  and  fidelity  secured 
his  advancement  and  led  to  his  connection  with  some  of  the 
leading  merchants  of  the  state.  In  1877  he  went  on  the  road 
as  a  representative  of  a  firm  of  manufacturing  clothiers,  and  he 


36  ABNER  ALONZO   BRISTOW 

has  continued  until  the  present  time,  and  with  great  success,  a 
traveling  salesman.  On  February  1,  1892,  he  entered  the  retail 
clothing  business  in  Greenville,  South  Carolina,  as  a  member  of 
the  firm  of  Smith  &  Bristow,  to  which  he  gives  the  time  that  is 
not  required  on  the  road,  and  which,  largely  through  his  efforts, 
has  been  a  marked  success.  During  the  past  twenty-eight  years 
he  has  represented,  in  the  Carolinas,  three  manufacturers.  Of 
these,  two  went  out  of  business,  and  for  the  past  fifteen  years  he 
has  traveled  for  Hamburger  Brothers  &  Company,  of  Baltimore, 
Maryland. 

Mr.  Bristow  has  served  four  terms  of  one  year  each  as 
president  of  the  Greenville  board  of  trade.  As  business  required 
him  to  be  out  of  the  city  a  large  part  of  the  time,  he  declined 
reelection  at  the  end  of  his  first  term  of  service,  but  he  has  been 
kept  in  office  to  the  present  time.  Largely  through  the  wise 
and  energetic  leadership  of  its  president,  the  board  has  induced 
various  enterprises  to  locate  in  Greenville,  has  secured  concessions 
from  the  railroads  in  the  matter  of  freight  charges,  obtained 
better  facilities  for  travelers,  and  the  erection  of  a  new  passenger 
station.  Mr.  Bristow  is  a  director  in  various  industrial  com- 
panies, and  is  a  hard  worker  for  the  interests  of  his  city  and 
state.  By  example  and  precept  he  has  done  much  to  maintain  a 
high  tone  of  life  in  the  community,  and  by  his  integrity  and  his 
careful  training  of  those  who  have  worked  under  him  he  has 
greatly  helped  many  young  men  to  secure  a  good  start  on  the 
road  to  success.  The  first  strong  impulse  to  strive  for  the  prizes 
of  life  came  from  the  necessity  of  helping  his  widowed  mother 
and  his  sisters.  He  has  not  been  able  to  read  extensively,  but 
has  kept  well  informed  regarding  current  events. 

In  estimating  the  relative  strength  of  various  specified  influ- 
ences which  have  helped  him  in  his  work,  he  names  that  of  home 
as  paramount,  and  notes  the  fact  that  the  influence  of  his  mother 
on  his  moral  and  spiritual  life  was  very  strong.  School  and 
early  companionship  were  helpful,  but,  for  want  of  time  and 
facilities,  private  study  amounted  to  but  little.  Contact  with 
men  in  active  life  he  has  found  exceedingly  helpful.  In  earlier 
years  hunting  was  his  favorite  mode  of  relaxation,  but  in  recent 
years  he  spends  the  little  time  he  can  take  from  business  in  visits 
to  the  mountains.  The  only  prominent  fraternity  of  which  he  is 
a  member  is  the  Royal  Arcanum.  He  has  never  held  or  sought 


ABNER  ALONZO    BRISTOW  37 

political  office,  but  he  has  always  been  a  member  of  the  Demo- 
cratic party.  His  religious  affiliation  is  with  the  Baptist  church, 
in  which  he  has  held  the  office  of  deacon  since  1898.  He  has  also 
been  greatly  interested  in,  and  very  helpful  to,  the  two  Baptist 
educational  institutions  in  his  town. 

In  reviewing  his  life,  Mr.  Bristow  finds  that  he  has  been 
successful,  but  adds  that  unremitting  effort  has  been  the  price  he 
has  paid.  The  "early  to  bed  and  early  to  rise"  habit  was  formed 
from  necessity  when  a  boy,  and  it  has  never  been  broken.  In 
reply  to  a  request  that  from  his  own  experience  and  observation 
he  would  offer  suggestions  as  to  the  principles,  methods  and 
habits  that  will  contribute  to  the  strengthening  of  sound  ideals 
in  American  life  and  be  most  helpful  in  enabling  young  people 
to  win  true  success,  he  says:  "In  determining  any  question,  of 
however  great  or  little  importance,  ask  one's  self  the  question, 
'Is  this  right?' — if  so,  do  it;  if  not,  let  it  alone.  Strive  to  do 
as  much  as  possible  for  your  employer,  and  do  it  thoroughly. 
The  reward  will  come  when  you  least  expect  it.  Don't  think 
more  of  pay-day  than  your  work;  let  work  be  done  promptly 
and  thoroughly  and  pay  will  grow  larger.  Never  guess  a  thing 
is  done  when  you  are  asked  by  those  in  authority.  Either  know 
or  see  that  it  is.  Work  to  obtain  a  finished  education,  and,  above 
all,  build  character." 

On  December  1,  1885,  Mr.  Bristow  was  married  to  Miss 
Annie  Hudson,  daughter  of  Joshua  Hudson,  one  of  the  most 
distinguished  jurists  in  South  Carolina.  Of  their  three  children, 
all  were  living  in  1907. 

The  family  residence  is  Number  229  Broadus  avenue,  Green- 

«/  / 

ville,  South  Carolina. 


FREDERICK  GARLINGTON  BROWN 

BROWN,  FREDERICK  GARLINGTON,  president  of  the 
Anderson  Phosphate  and  Oil  company;  president  of  the 
Anderson  Chamber  of  Commerce,  and  vice-president  of 
the  Peoples  Bank  of  Anderson,  was  born  at  Anderson,  South 
Carolina,  October  28,  1860.  His  father,  John  Peter  Brown,  a 
lawyer  and  a  graduate  of  the  University  of  Virginia,  was  second 
lieutenant  in  Moore's  regiment  in  the  army  of  the  Confederate 
States  of  America  at  the  beginning  of  the  War  between  the 
States.  Because  of  poor  health,  which  followed  military  service, 
he  was  forced  to  return  home.  He  retired  from  his  profession 
of  the  law,  and  lived  upon  his  plantation  until  his  death  in  1879. 
His  father's  grandfather,  Edward  Vandiver,  was  a  soldier  of  the 
Revolution,  and  shared  in  the  battle  of  Eutaw  Springs.  His 
family  was  from  Maryland,  and  originally  from  New  York  state. 
Through  his  mother,  Mrs.  Julia  (Reed)  Brown,  a  Christian 
woman  of  culture  and  education,  whose  influence  over  her  son 
was  strong,  he  is  descended  from  Cornelius  Hammond,  who  was  a 
member  of  the  Maryland  house  of  burgesses,  from  Anne  Arundel 
county,  in  the  seventeenth  century.  Colonel  LeRoy  Hammond, 
Colonel  Samuel  Hammond,  and  Captains  Samuel,  George  and 
Joshua  Hammond,  were  in  the  Continental  armv  and  served  in 

•/ 

the  Revolutionary  war.  His  grandfather,  the  late  Judge  J.  P. 
Reed,  was  a  native  of  Anderson  county,  a  lawyer  of  note  in  his 
state,  who  was  elected  to  congress  on  the  Democratic  ticket  imme- 
diately after  the  War  between  the  States;  but  was  prevented 
from  taking  his  seat  at  Washington  by  the  rules  which  governed 
during  the  period  of  reconstruction.  Samuel  Brown,  another 
ancestor,  was  a  large  planter  and  merchant  at  Townville,  South 
Carolina. 

Frederick  Brown  had  a  strong  and  healthy  boyhood;  and 
by  his  father,  who  was  a  planter,  he  was  trained  to  assist  in  all 
kinds  of  work  which  had  to  be  done  on  the  plantation.  His  early 
years  were  passed  in  the  country,  in  Fork  township,  Anderson 
county.  He  attended  the  country  schools  near  his  home,  and 
even  in  his  early  boyhood  he  was  exceptionally  fond  of  books. 
But  it  was  not  until  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age  that  he  had 


*  St*.C7('?sftT'7&    Ls{7/r2£7&.rjt4 


rax 

FUBLIC 


LR1 


,    W32 

FOTJMr>A*"" 


FREDERICK    GARLINGTON    BROWN  41 

any  advanced  schooling,  and  then  he  remained  but  one  year  a 
member  of  W.  J.  Ligon's  high  school  at  Anderson.  He  was 
recalled  to  his  home  by  the  death  of  his  father,  in  1879. 

After  some  years  passed  on  his  father's  plantation,  he  took 
a  position  as  salesman  with  Bleckley,  Brown  &  Fretwell,  at 
Anderson,  South  Carolina,  September  1,  1885.  From  the  first 
his  determination  was  formed  to  make  whatever  he  undertook  a 
success,  regardless  of  the  hard  work  or  the  time  which  might  be 
required.  He  has  always  felt  that  the  habit  of  regular  daily 
employment  which  was  formed  on  his  father's  plantation  in  his 
boyhood  has  been  of  great  advantage  to  him,  not  only  because 
"regular  work  keeps  a  boy,  as  well  as  older  people,  out  of  mis- 
chief," but  still  more  because  the  habit  of  persevering  diligence 
is  the  most  important  part  of  the  equipment  of  a  business  man. 

He  has  resided  at  Anderson,  engaged  actively  in  business 
life,  since  1885.  During  these  twenty  years  and  more  he  has  had 
an  interest  in  many  of  the  more  important  business  enterprises 
of  his  town.  He  is  president  of  the  Anderson  Phosphate  and  Oil 
company;  president  of  the  Anderson  Chamber  of  Commerce; 
president  of  the  Anderson  Real  Estate  and  Investment  company; 
president  of  the  Anderson  Improvement  company ;  vice-president 
of  the  Peoples  Bank  of  Anderson;  vice-president  of  the  Ander- 
son Traction  company;  and  he  is  a  director  in  the  following 
corporations:  The  Farmers'  Warehouse  company,  the  Bank  of 
McCormick,  the  Brogon  Cotton  mills,  the  Toxaway  Cotton  mills, 
the  Riverside  Cotton  mills,  the  Orr  Cotton  mills,  the  Cox  Manu- 
facturing company,  and  the  Ninety-Six  Cotton  mills.  He  is  also 
a  director  of  the  countv  fair  association. 

V 

Identified  by  conviction  and  choice  with  the  Episcopal 
church,  he  is  a  vestryman,  and  treasurer  of  Grace  Protestant 
Episcopal  church. 

He  served  four  years  as  alderman  of  his  city,  representing 
the  first  ward.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order,  and  has 
advanced  from  the  Blue  Lodge  to  the  degree  of  Shriner.  He  is 
also  a  member  of  the  Commercial  club  of  Anderson,  of  the  Com- 
mercial club  of  Charleston,  and  of  the  Columbia  club;  and  he  is 
one  of  the  vice-presidents  of  the  South  Carolina  club. 

His  political  affiliations  are  with  the  Democratic  party. 

He  married  Miss  Mamie  McCrary,  November  16,  1887. 

Vol.  I— S.   C.— 3 


42  FREDERICK    GARLINGTON    BROWN 

He  offers  to  the  boys  and  young  men  of  South  Carolina  a 
piece  of  practical  advice,  which  his  own  experience  leads  him 
to  emphasize:  "Do  not  change  your  position  too  frequently.  I 
worked  in  one  corner  store  from  1885,  when  I  began  at  twenty- 
five  dollars  a  month,  until  1900,  when  I  had  become  the  senior 
member  of  the  firm,  at  which  time  I  sold  out  my  interest  in  that 
business  and  began  manufacturing." 

The  address  of  Mr.  Brown  is  Anderson,  South  Carolina. 


l/y~' 


wU^  ^r- 


JOSEPH  NEWTON  BROWN 

BROWN,  JOSEPH  NEWTON,  lawyer,  business  man,  and 
banker,  has  been  prominently  identified  with  the  practice 
of  law  in  his  part  of  the  state  and  with  the  business 
interests  of  Anderson  since  the  close  of  the  War  between  the 
States.  He  was  born  near  Anderson,  December  16,  1832.  His 
father,  Samuel  Brown,  wras  a  merchant  and  a  planter,  a  solid 
business  man,  who  held  no  public  office,  but  made  activity  and 
integrity  in  business  his  leading  aim  in  life.  His  mother,  Mrs. 
Helena  T.  ( Yandiver)  Brown,  like  his  father,  had  strong  religious 
convictions  and  much  of  practical  benevolence  in  life;  and  they 
both  gave  religious  training  to  their  son  from  his  earliest  years. 
His  father's  father  was  John  Brown,  a  native  of  Baltimore, 
Maryland,  of  English  descent.  His  mother  was  a  descendant  of 
Jacob  Van  der  Weer,  a  Dutch  settler  of  New  York  in  1650,  who 
served  in  the  Dutch  army  which  captured  from  the  Swedes  Fort 
Christina  (now  Wilmington,  Delaware,)  in  1655,  and  settled 
there.  Edward  Yandiver,  Colonel  Brown's  great-grandfather, 
was  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  who  fought  at  Eutaw  Springs;  and 
he  had  six  sons  who  were  preachers  of  the  Baptist  church,  among 
whom  Reverend  Sanford  Yandiver,  Mrs.  Brown's  father,  was 
prominent. 

A  hearty,  healthy  country  boy,  he  enjoyed  the  sports  of 
hunting  and  fishing;  and  he  early  became  habituated  to  moderate 
labor  on  the  farm  with  the  negroes  who  belonged  to  his  father; 
and  this,  he  feels,  gave  him  "health  and  strength,  and  the  habit 
of  perseverance."  He  attended  the  country  schools  within  reach 
of  his  home — the  old  field  schools;  and  when  an  accident  to  his 
father  interrupted  his  attendance  at  school,  he  took  a  place  as 
clerk  in  his  father's  store.  Later  he  attended  the  classical  school 
of  Wesley  Leverett,  at  Williamston,  South  Carolina. 

In  1855,  when  he  was  twenty-three  years  old,  he  entered 
mercantile  life  at  Laurens,  South  Carolina.  Soon  afterward  he 
began  the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  Colonel  J.  H.  Irby;  and 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1858.  With  his  preceptor  he  formed 
a  partnership  as  the  law  firm  of  Irby  &  Brown,  which  was 
dissolved  by  the  death  of  Colonel  Irby,  in  1860.  A  partnership 


46  JOSEPH   NEWTON  BROWN 

with  Colonel  R.  P.  Todd  was  then  formed;  but  in  1861  both 
partners  entered  the  Confederate  army,  the  former  attaining  the 
rank  of  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Third  South  Carolina  regiment, 
while  Mr.  Brown,  by  successive  promotions,  became  the  colonel 
of  the  Fourteenth  South  Carolina  volunteers. 

Enlisting  as  a  private  in  Company  D,  Captain  James  M. 
Perrin,  Gregg's  regiment,  on  Sullivan's  Island,  January  11,  1861, 
he  was  transferred  on  March  5  to  Morris  Island,  where  he  served 
through  the  bombardment  of  Fort  Sumter.  Returning  to  Lau- 
rens,  he  organized  Company  E  of  the  Fourteenth  South  Carolina 
volunteers,  and  as  captain  of  that  company  reentered  the  service, 
August  16,  1861.  On  February  20,  1863,  he  was  commissioned 
lieutenant-colonel  of  that  regiment;  and  he  became  colonel  of  the 
regiment  on  September  17,  1863,  continuing  in  that  command 
until  the  close  of  the  war.  He  commanded  the  regiment  in  most 
of  the  important  battles  from  Chancellorsville  until  April  2, 
1865,  when  he  was  captured  at  the  fall  of  Petersburg  and  was 
held  as  a  prisoner  of  war  at  Johnson's  Island  until  July,  1865. 

As  senior  colonel,  McGowan's  brigade,  he  commanded  the 
brigade  in  the  battle  of  the  Bloody  Angle,  Spottsylvania  court- 
house, Virginia,  May  12,  1864.  He  had  commanded  his  regiment 
in  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  July  1,  1863,  and  with  the  First 
regiment,  Colonel  McCrary's,  his  men  were  the  first  troops  to 
enter  Gettysburg.  He  was  severely  wounded  at  Gaines's  Mill, 
June  27,  1862,  and  at  Gettysburg,  July  3,  1863.  He  participated 
in  most  of  the  battles  of  Stonewall  Jackson's  corps.  His  military 
record  appears  in  Caldwell's  "History  of  McGowan's  Brigade." 

After  his  release  at  the  close  of  the  war,  Colonel  Brown 
removed  to  Anderson,  South  Carolina,  and  in  October,  1865, 
formed  a  partnership  with  the  Honorable  J.  P.  Reed,  then 
solicitor  of  the  Western  circuit,  which  continued  until  1874.  For 
the  next  six  years  he  practiced  his  profession  alone;  while  from 
1880  to  1888  he  was  in  partnership  with  J.  L.  Tribble  and 
William  S.  Brown.  In  1888  he  virtually  retired  from  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession,  having  acquired  from  a  large  and  lucrative 
practice  a  handsome  competence. 

In  his  political  relations  always  a  Democrat,  he  has  voted 
the  regular  ticket,  even  for  W.  J.  Bryan.  Although  he  "differed 
from  him  on  financial  questions,"  he  "was  unwilling  to  be  a 
bolter." 


JOSEPH   NEWTON   BROWN  47 

In  1886  and  1887  he  was  a  member  of  the  house  of  repre- 
sentatives; and  he  drew  up  the  bill  for  refunding  the  state  debt, 
and  took  an  active  part  in  advocating  the  sale  of  the  Columbia 
canal  by  the  state  of  South  Carolina  to  the  city  of  Columbia. 
He  is  a  director  in  the  Anderson  Cotton  mills,  and  the  Gluck 
mills.  He  is  a  public-spirited  citizen,  and  has  contributed  largely 
to  the  various  manufacturing  interests  of  the  city  and  has  given 
ten  thousand  dollars  to  the  Anderson  Public  library.  In  August, 
1872,  he  took  a  leading  part  in  organizing  the  State  Savings 
and  Insurance  Bank  of  Anderson,  as  he  also  did  in  forming  the 
National  Bank  of  Anderson,  in  January,  1873, — a  bank  which 
"paid  good  dividends  for  nineteen  years,  and  closed  up  the 
business  in  September,  1891,  paying  the  stockholders  $470  per 
share  on  each  $100  share  invested."  Throughout  this  period, 
Colonel  Brown  was  president  of  the  bank.  Colonel  Brown  and 
the  other  officers  of  the  bank  recall  with  pride  the  fact  that  when 
that  bank  was  closed  "it  stood  eighth  in  point  of  success  in  the 
United  States,  and  third  in  the  South."  It  was  for  several  vears 

V 

the  pioneer  in  making  small  loans  to  farmers  to  enable  them  to 
purchase  their  supplies  for  cash;  and  it  was  a  strong  factor  in 
beginning  to  make  Southern  planters  and  farmers  financiers,  by 
teaching  them  the  value  of  ready  money. 

On  February  28,  1866,  Colonel  Brown  married  Miss  Lizzie 
Louisa  Bruce,  daughter  of  Thomas  and  Nancy  Bruce,  of  Ander- 
son. They  have  had  one  daughter,  Miss  Varina  D.  Brown. 

Colonel  Brown  has  been  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church 
for  over  fifty  years,  and  a  deacon  in  that  church  for  more  than 
thirty  years. 

Whatever  measure  of  success  he  has  attained  in  his  profession 
and  in  business  life,  he  attributes  to  "industry,  perseverance,  and 
a  strong  will."  "Diligence,"  he  says,  "insures  success."  To  the 
youth  of  South  Carolina  he  commends  as  most  helpful  in  attain- 
ing true  success  in  life,  "Industry,  economy  (by  which  I  do  not 
mean  stinginess),  temperance,  honesty,  fair  dealing."  And  to 
young  lawyers  he  adds:  "Above  all  things,  inspire  in  your 
clients  confidence  that  the  interest  of  the  client  is  your  first  and 
leading  thought,  from  the  beginning  to  the  end  of  your  relations 
with  him  and  his  affairs." 

His  address  is  Anderson,  South  Carolina. 


GEORGE  LAMB  BUIST 

BUIST,  GEORGE  LAMB,  lawyer,  was  born  in  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  September  4,  1838.  He  was  of  Scotch 
extraction.  His  earliest  ancestor  in  America  was  the 
Reverend  George  Buist,  D.  D.,  who  was  born  in  Fifeshire,  in 
Scotland,  in  1770,  and  was  graduated  at  the  University  of  Edin- 
burgh. He  came  to  Charleston  in  1793  upon  the  call  of  the 
Scotch  Presbyterian  church  of  Charleston,  and  became  the  min- 
ister of  that  church.  Reverend  Doctor  Buist  was  an  eminent 
divine,  the  author  of  two  volumes  of  sermons,  and  was  for  some 
time  the  head  of  the  College  of  Charleston. 

The  father  of  George  Lamb  Buist  was  George  Buist,  and 
his  mother's  name  was  Mary  Edwards  (Jones)  Buist.  George 
Buist  was  an  attorney  at  law  by  profession,  and  held  for  many 
years,  and  until  his  death,  the  office  of  judge  of  probate,  or 
ordinary,  for  Charleston  county.  He  was  also  a  trustee  on  many 
educational  boards,  and  was  one  of  the  commissioners  of  the 
Orphan  House  in  Charleston.  His  marked  characteristics  were 
his  sterling  integrity,  a  fund  of  rational  common  sense,  and  a 
wise  and  honest  heart. 

The  early  life  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  passed  in  the 
city  of  Charleston,  South  Carolina.  His  physical  condition  in 
childhood  and  youth  was  good ;  he  was  fond  of  athletic  exercises, 
and  as  a  boy  was  devoted  to  outdoor  sports,  though  his  special 
tastes  and  interests  lay  in  the  lines  of  reading  and  public  speak- 
ing and  delivery.  The  influence  of  his  mother  was  particularly 
strong  upon  his  intellectual,  moral  and  spiritual  life.  He  had  no 
difficulties  to  overcome  in  acquiring  an  education,  but  availed 
himself  of  the  best  advantages  offered  him  by  the  schools  and 
colleges  of  his  native  city.  His  chief  line  of  study  was  in  the 
classics  and  rhetoric.  A  part  of  his  studies  were  pursued  at  the 
New  Jersey  academy  at  Burlington,  New  Jersey.  From  there 
he  went  to  the  Charleston  college.  He  studied  law  of  his  own 
accord,  in  his  father's  office,  and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
January,  1860.  He  felt  early  the  necessity  for  providing  for 
obligations  which  he  had  assumed,  and  applied  himself  earnestly 
to  the  practice  of  his  profession,  soon  building  up  a  large  and 


J^?  4 


/  e^z^  j2^ 
/' 


&.J3 


*• 


GEORGE    LAMB    BUIST  51 

lucrative  business.  He  married,  early  in  life,  Miss  Martha 
Allston  White.  They  have  had  ten  children,  seven  of  whom 
are  still  living.  Mr.  Buist  always  attributed  his  success  in  life 
to  the  effect  of  his  early  home  influences.  He  has  long  been  a 
man  of  mark  in  his  native  state  and  city.  When  the  War 
between  the  States  broke  out,  he  went  into  the  Confederate  States 
army  as  a  lieutenant  of  the  Palmetto  Guards  and  served  in  the 
Iron  Battery  on  Morris  Island  in  command  of  the  eight-inch  gun ; 
afterward  he  became  captain  of  the  Palmetto  Guards  artillery, 
and,  eventually,  rose  to  the  rank  of  major  of  artillery,  and  served 
in  that  capacity  until  the  surrender  of  General  Johnston's  army. 

After  the  war  was  over,  he  returned  to  the  practice  of  his 
profession,  and  having  been  elected  to  the  South  Carolina  legis- 
lature, he  served  for  three  years  in  the  house  of  representatives 
and  for  sixteen  years  was  senator  from  Charleston  county. 
During  his  service  in  the  house  he  was  chairman  of  the  Ways 
and  Means  committee,  and  after  he  became  senator  he  served  as 
the  chairman  of  the  Finance  committee  of  the  senate. 

In  a  recent  number  of  "The  News  and  Courier"  the  following 
just  tribute  was  paid  to  Mr.  Buist  for  one  of  the  greatest  services 
ever  performed  by  him  for  the  community  in  which  he  lives  and 
by  which  he  has  been  highly  honored  for  many  years: 


UAN    INFLUENCE    THAT   LIVES. 


"A  community  such  as  Charleston  should  at  all  times  be 
represented  in  the  state  legislature  by  her  best  and  ablest  men. 
Whether  they  are  in  the  minority  or  the  majority,  their  influence 
cannot  be  destroyed,  and  the  work  that  representatives  and 
senators  of  this  county  performed  years  ago  is  still  bearing  fruit. 
This  is  strikingly  illustrated  by  the  following,  taken  from  a 
Columbia  'State'  editorial  of  May  25,  replying  to  a  correspondent 
who  defended  the  dispensary: 


u 


;i  'Does  he  know  that  for  years  a  dispensary  opponent  had 
no  more  chance  of  fair  treatment  in  either  the  executive  or  legis- 
lative branches  of  the  government  than  a  Republican?  Does 
he  remember  the  metropolitan  police  in  Charleston?  Does  he 
remember  that  magnificent  appeal  to  South  Carolinians  made  in 
the  senate  by  George  Lamb  Buist  in  a  vain  endeavor  to  arouse 
some  members  of  the  majority  to  a  realization  of  the  enormity 
of  the  offence  being  perpetrated  against  the  people  of  Charleston 


52  GEORGE    LAMB    BUIST 

in  depriving  them  of  local  self-government?  Like  an  old  lion, 
surrounded  by  enemies,  Major  Buist  made  the  greatest  speech 
those  halls  had  heard  for  twenty  years,  and  probably  the  greatest 
they  will  hear  for  twenty  years  to  come.  And  with  what  result? 
The  same  treatment  that  would  be  accorded  a  wounded  lion 
bravely  facing  a  band  of  Zulus  armed  with  assegias!' 

"The  "metropolitan  police'  has  long  since  ceased  to  be  other 
than  an  unpleasant  memory,  and  not  only  has  the  eloquent 
remonstrance  of  ex-Senator  Buist  been  fully  vindicated,  but  it 
remains  in  the  memories  of  men  to  be  used  as  an  argument  in 
the  fight  to  free  the  state  of  the  miserable  whiskey  system  which 
made  the  metropolitan  police  possible. 

"We  risk  nothing  in  saying  that  throughout  South  Carolina 
the  ability  and  courage  which  Charlestonians  displayed  in  legis- 
lation, when  they  wrere  opposed  by  an  overwhelming  and  enven- 
omed majority,  is  recalled  with  respect  and  pride  by  these  same 
opposers  whose  ears  have  later  been  opened  to  words  of  truth 
and  soberness." 

Other  important  public  services  were  rendered  by  Mr.  Buist, 
especially  along  educational  lines.  He  was  a  trustee  of  the  Col- 
lege of  Charleston,  and  was  for  many  years  a  commissioner  of 
the  public  schools.  Mr.  Buist  was  an  enthusiastic  Mason,  and 
held  the  office  of  master  of  Franklin  lodge.  He  was  always 
identified  with  the  Democratic  party  and  never  changed  his 
political  or  party  allegiance  upon  any  issues.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  Episcopal  church,  and  was  for  many  years  chairman  of 
the  vestry  of  St.  Paul's  Episcopal  church,  Radcliffeboro,  in 
Charleston.  He  was  always  a  busy  man,  and  allowed  himself 
little  relaxation  except  an  annual  trip  to  Saratoga  Springs,  New 
York. 

Mr.  Buist's  philosophy  of  life  consisted  in  a  grateful  and 
contented  nature.  He  believed  that  to  have  the  approbation  of 
a  good  conscience  and  the  esteem  of  all  good  people  was  better 
than  riches  or  worldly  eminence. 

Since  this  biography  was  prepared  for  the  printer,  Mr.  Buist 
died  about  midnight  of  Thursday,  May  30,  1907,  at  his  home 
in  Charleston. 


fHJE 

PUBLIC  LI3R, 


TTLDSN  FOUND A"T 


-- 

bin?  -tan,  Zi 


ELLISON  GAPERS 

GAPEKS,  ELLISON,  D.  D.,  was  born  in  Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  October  14,  1837.  His  parents  were  William 
and  Susan  (McGill)  Capers.  His  father  was  a  distin- 
guished and  eloquent  divine  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church 
and  one  of  its  first  bishops  in  the  South.  He  founded  the 
missions  of  his  church  to  the  negroes  in  South  Carolina  and 
wrote  a  catechism  for  their  use,  and  also  a  useful  work  for  the 
moral  training  of  children.  He  ably  edited  the  "Southern 
Christian  Advocate,"  and  served  efficiently  as  a  missionary  to  the 
Indians  in  the  Southwest.  The  earliest  paternal  ancestor  to 
settle  in  America  was  William  Capers,  a  Huguenot  of  France, 
who  had  fled  to  England  to  escape  religious  persecution.  About 
the  year  1690  he  settled  upon  grants  of  land  from  the  "Lords 
Proprietors,"  in  Christ  church  parish,  on  the  seaboard  of  South 
Carolina.  Capers  Island  and  inlet  were  named  for  this  family. 
William  Capers,  the  grandfather  of  Ellison  Capers,  was  one  of 
Marion's  captains  in  the  Revolution,  and  his  brother,  G.  Sinclair 
Capers,  also  fought  under  the  same  great  leader.  The  first 
ancestor  on  the  maternal  side  to  come  to  this  country  emigrated 
from  Ireland  and  became  a  farmer  in  Kershaw  county. 

The  childhood  and  early  youth  of  Ellison  Capers  were  passed 
in  the  city  of  his  birth,  but  in  his  twelfth  year  his  father  removed 
to  Anderson  county,  and  he  was  appointed  to  the  arsenal  in 
Columbia.  He  was  graduated  from  the  South  Carolina  Military 
academy,  Charleston,  November  18,  1857.  No  degree  was  given 
then.  The  stirring  address  to  the  class  made  by  his  brother,  the 
superintendent,  Major  Francis  W.  Capers,  made  a  strong  impres- 
sion upon  him.  He  was  of  vigorous  physique  and  was  especially 
fond  of  horses  and  outdoor  exercise,  including  tasks  in  the  flower 
and  vegetable  garden.  He  served  as  resident  graduate  and 
assistant  instructor  in  mathematics  and  rhetoric  in  the  Citadel  in 
1858.  His  inclination  was  for  the  profession  of  law,  and  he  com- 
menced the  study  in  the  office  of  Hayne  &  Miles  in  Charleston. 
Upon  his  return,  in  1860,  from  Winnsboro,  where  he  taught  in 
Mt.  Zion  academy  during  the  intervening  year,  he  recommenced 
the  study  of  law.  On  February  24,  1859,  he  was  married  to 


56  ELLISON    CAPERS 

Charlotte  Rebecca  Palmer,  fourth  daughter  of  John  Gendron 
and  Catherine  Cutrurier  (Marion)  Palmer,  a  scion  of  the  distin- 
guished Dwight  family  of  America,  of  St.  John's  Berkeley,  and 
moved  to  Winnsboro,  South  Carolina.  In  1860  he  was  elected 
professor  in  the  Citadel  with  the  rank  of  second  lieutenant,  in 
which  position  he  was  highly  regarded  by  the  cadets  and  his 
superior  officers. 

In  1861  he  was  commissioned  major  of  the  First  regiment, 
South  Carolina  rifles,  for  the  Confederate  service,  and  assisted 
General  Pettigrew  in  the  organization  and  drill  of  that  splendid 
command.  He  commanded  the  light  battery  on  Sullivan's 
Island  during  the  siege  and  bombardment  of  Fort  Sumter.  When 
Colonel  Pettigrew  resigned,  to  go  to  Virginia,  Major  Capers 
succeeded  to  the  command.  He  resigned  in  1861  and  joined 
Colonel  C.  H.  Stevens  in  organizing  the  Twenty-fourth  South 
Carolina  volunteers,  as  lieutenant-colonel.  He  did  gallant  service 
with  that  regiment  on  the  coast  of  South  Carolina  and  at 
Wilmington,  North  Carolina,  during  1862.  On  James  Island  he 
led  a  gallant  charge  in  which  the  One  Hundredth  Pennsylvania 
regiment  was  driven  back  half  a  mile  and  twenty-two  of  their 
number  captured.  This  was  the  first  conflict  on  James  Island, 
which  later  became  the  scene  of  many  engagements  and  skir- 
mishes. At  Secessionville,  Colonel  Capers  received  the  thanks  of 
Generals  Evans  and  Smith  for  the  gallant  service  he  rendered. 
In  May,  1863,  with  Gist's  brigade,  he  was  ordered  to  the  relief 
of  Vicksburg,  where  he  was  in  a  bloody  battle.  He  commanded 
the  left  wing  of  the  brigade  from  sunrise  to  midday,  being 
severely  wounded  in  his  left  leg  and  his  horse  killed.  At  Chicka- 
mauga  he  was  again  severely  wounded.  In  1863,  at  Dalton, 
Georgia,  he  was  promoted  colonel,  and  served  with  conspicuous 
gallantry  at  the  head  of  his  regiment.  He  commanded  Gist's 
brigade  in  the  siege  of  Atlanta  and  the  battle  of  Jonesville.  At 
this  battle  the  commanding  general  complimented  him  and  his 
brigade  for  their  brilliant  deportment  against  Sherman's  assault. 
In  the  desperate  battle  of  Franklin,  Tennessee,  Colonel  Capers 
was  a  third  time  severely  wounded.  In  February,  1865,  he  was 
promoted  brigadier-general.  He  was  assigned  to  General  John- 
ston's army  in  North  Carolina  and  placed  in  command  of  his  old 
brigade.  Throughout  the  war  he  had  proven  in  every  position 
his  absolute  fidelity  and  devotion  to  his  country's  cause. 


ELLISON    CAPERS  57 

In  1866  General  Capers  was  elected  secretary  of  state  for 
South  Carolina,  and  such  was  the  exigency  of  the  time  that  he 
remained  in  that  position  even  while  studying  for  the  Episcopal 
ministry,  in  which  he  was  ordained  in  May,  1867,  by  Bishop 
Davis.  He  then  tendered  his  resignation  as  secretary  of  state, 
but  it  was  declined  by  Governor  Orr  until  the  legislature  could 
meet,  and  General  Capers  held  the  great  seal  of  South  Carolina 
until  July,  1868,  when  he  turned  it  over  to  F.  L.  Cardoza,  a 
negro  representative  of  Federal  usurpation. 

For  twenty  years  he  remained  the  well-beloved  minister  of 
the  mountain  parish  of  Greenville,  South  Carolina.  He  then 
went  to  Columbia  as  the  rector  of  Old  Trinity,  and  for  five  years 
the  people  of  that  parish  were  blessed  in  having  the  guidance 
of  his  strong  yet  gentle  hand.  He  was  elected  bishop  of  South 
Carolina  in  May,  1893,  and  consecrated  in  the  July  following. 
The  degree  of  D.  D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by  the  University 
of  South  Carolina  in  1892,  and  by  the  University  of  the  South 
in  1893.  After  the  death  of  the  Right  Reverend  Thomas  Under- 
wood Dudley,  chancellor  of  the  last-named  institution,  Bishop 
Capers  was  elected  to  succeed  him  in  June,  1904.  He  is  a  Mason ; 
a  member  of  the  S.  A.  E.  Greek  fraternity;  of  Camps  Sumter 
and  Hampton,  United  Confederate  veterans;  of  the  Historical 
committee  of  the  Grand  Camp,  United  Confederate  veterans; 
and  of  the  Historical  Society  of  South  Carolina.  In  1882,  at  a 
Democratic  convention,  he  was  nominated,  without  his  knowledge 
or  consent,  state  superintendent  of  education.  He  positively 
declined  to  accept  the  position,  deeming  it  inconsistent  with  his 
ministerial  duties. 

He  impressively  states  that  the  period  of  the  stupendous 
struggle  of  the  South  for  sacred  rights  were  years  of  feeling, 
impulse,  impression,  and  resolution,  which  could  but  leave  their 
indelible  mark  and  influence  in  directing  brain  and  heart.  "To 
this  impress  I  owe  the  convictions  and  resolutions  which  ulti- 
mately brought  me  to  the  ministry  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
church."  To  the  "Confederate  Military  History,"  edited  by 
General  Clement  A.  Evans,  and  published  in  Atlanta,  Bishop 
Capers  contributed  chapters  1-16  inclusive,  embracing  the  Con- 
federate history  of  South  Carolina.  Save  for  one  year  spent  in 
Selma,  Alabama,  he  has  held  no  charge  beyond  his  own  home 
state.  Upon  his  consecration  as  bishop,  his  devoted  parishioners 


58  ELLISON    CAPERS 

there  sent  him  a  magnificent  Episcopal  ring  as  a  testimonial  of 
their  regard. 

Blessed  in  a  devoted  wife,  the  embodiment  of  womanly 
virtues,  the  guide  and  inspiration  of  their  seven  surviving  chil- 
dren, he  resides  in  Columbia  in  one  of  the  old-time  mansions  of 
the  place  spared  from  Sherman's  fire  and  invested  farther  with 
the  historical  reminiscence  of  having  been  the  one  in  which 
General  Lafayette  was  entertained  on  the  occasion  of  his  visit 
to  Columbia  in  1825.  Here,  with  nought  of  regretful  retrospect 
of  his  own  efficiency  in  the  years  of  our  grand  Southern  struggle, 
honored  and  beloved  of  all,  his  waning  years  are  peacefully 
passed. 

His  address  is  910  Barnwell  street,  Columbia,  Richland 
county,  South  Carolina. 


JAMES  PEELE  CAREY 

GAEEY,  JAMES  PEELE,  lawyer,  railroad  president,  and 
director  in  many  corporations,  was  born  in  Oconee 
county,  South  Carolina,  on  April  27,  1858.  His  father, 
John  W.  L.  Carey,  a  farmer  and  for  many  years  tax  collector  for 
Pickens  district,  combined  great  popularity  with  strict  integrity 
and  attention  to  the  public  business,  and  was  never  defeated  at 
the  polls.  On  his  mother's  side  Mr.  Carey  is  a  direct  descendant 
of  the  Kentucky  pioneer,  Daniel  Boone. 

Largely  dependent  upon  his  own  exertions  in  securing 
opportunities  at  school,  even  in  his  boyhood,  he  was  early  taught 
the  value  of  time  and  the  need  of  persistent  and  continuous 
industry  if  one  is  to  succeed  in  life.  He  early  felt  the  wish  to 
fit  himself  for  the  practice  of  law;  and  his  first  strong  impulse 
to  strive  for  the  prizes  of  life  he  feels  that  he  owes  to  "the 
hardships  of  a  country  boy's  life  and  the  feeling  that  there  was 
something  higher  in  life  possible,"  with  proper  effort.  After 
such  opportunities  for  education  as  were  afforded  in  the  country 
schools  at  Old  Pickens,  he  studied  at  Adger  college,  where  he 
won  all  the  prizes  offered  to  his  class.  He  was  graduated  from 
this  institution  with  first  honor  and  received  therefrom  the 
degree  of  A.  B.  in  June,  1880. 

In  April,  1883,  he  began  the  practice  of  law  at  Pickens.  In 
September,  1885,  he  married  Miss  Lynda  Troupe  Lovett.  They 
have  six  children,  all  living  in  1907. 

While  Mr.  Carey  has  never  desired  to  be  known  as  anything 
else  than  a  public-spirited  lawyer,  he  has  served  the  community 
in  various  other  ways.  He  is  president  of  the  Pickens  Railroad 
company;  he  is  a  director  in  most  of  the  corporations  of  the 
county,  and  is  attorney  for  many  of  them.  He  has  acted  as 
special  judge  in  the  courts  of  South  Carolina.  In  1906  he  was 
elected  by  the  opponents  of  the  state  dispensary  a  member  of 
the  legislature  and  received  the  most  flattering  vote  ever  cast  in 
Pickens  county.  At  a  conference  held  before  the  legislature 
convened,  Mr.  Carey,  and  Mr.  Cothran  of  Greenville  county, 
were  chosen  to  draft  a  bill  to  be  presented  to  that  body.  They 
prepared  the  "Carey- Cothran  Local  Option  bill,"  which  passed 


60  JAMES   PEELE    CAREY 

both  houses,  was  signed  by  the  governor,  and  made  the  dispen- 
sary system  in  South  Carolina  a  thing  of  the  past. 

He  early  became  a  member  of  the  Presbyterian  church;  and 
he  has  been  an  elder  in  that  church  for  nearly  twenty  years. 
Politically,  he  is  identified  with  the  Democratic  party.  He  has 
found  exercise  and  relaxation  in  hunting,  fishing  and  gardening. 
To  the  young  people  of  his  state  he  commends  as  the  key  to 
success  the  cardinal  virtues,  "truthfulness,  honesty,  reliability, 
strict  attention  to  business,  and  performance  of  duties  without 
regard  to  consequences." 

His  address  is  Pickens,  South  Carolina. 


JAMES  HENRY  CARLISLE 

CARLISLE,  JAMES  HENRY,  LL.  D.,  educator,  was  born 
at  Winnsboro,  Fairfield  county,  South  Carolina,  May 
4,  1825.     His  parents  were  William   and  Mary  Anne 
(Buchanan)  Carlisle,  who  came  to  America  from  County  Antrim, 
Ireland,  about  1818.     His  father  was  a  physician  of  excellent 
character  and  attainments,  and  his  mother,  though  for  many 
years  an  invalid,  was  a  woman  of  firm  yet  gentle  character  and 
exerted   a   powerful   influence   for  good   upon   the   mental   and 
spiritual  life  of  her  son. 

In  early  life  James  Carlisle  lived  in  the  country.  He  had 
no  regular  tasks  which  involved  manual  labor  to  perform,  and 
his  tastes  and  interests  were  those  common  to  boys  of  his  age 
and  place.  His  health  was  good  and  he  had  no  special  difficulties 
to  overcome  in  securing  an  education.  He  studied  in  the  common 
schools  of  Mount  Zion,  Winnsboro,  and  Camden,  in  South  Caro- 
lina, and  after  securing  his  preparatory  education  he  entered 
the  South  Carolina  college  at  Columbia,  from  which  he  was 
graduated  as  second  honor  man  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.,  in 
December,  1844.  Want  of  means  prevented  him  from  taking  a 
post-graduate  course  and  compelled  him  to  enter  at  once  upon 
the  active  work  of  life.  Conditions,  as  well  as  personal  inclina- 
tion, favored  his  becoming  an  educator,  and  in  January,  1845,  he 
commenced  teaching  in  Columbia,  South  Carolina.  His  college 
education,  together  with  well-directed  private  reading  in  the 
fields  of  general  literature,  more  especially  history  and  biography, 
furnished  him  with  an  unusually  good  equipment  for  his  pro- 
fession, and  his  success  as  a  teacher  was  both  marked  and  rapid. 
In  1854,  Wofford  college,  Spartanburg,  South  Carolina,  was 
organized,  and  Mr.  Carlisle  was  elected  professor  of  mathematics, 
which  position  he  held  until  1890,  when  he  became  professor  of 
moral  science  and  astronomy.  In  1875  he  was  chosen  president 
of  the  college.  He  discharged  the  duties  of  that  office  until  1902, 
when  he  resigned  and  became  president  emeritus. 

In  1872  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  was  conferred  upon  him  by 
the  Southwestern  university,  Georgetown,  Texas. 


62  JAMES    HENRY    CARLISLE 

Not  only  in  the  line  of  his  profession  as  an  educator  has  he 
won  distinction,  but,  in  recognition  of  his  worth  and  ability,  and 
with  confidence  in  his  wisdom  and  patriotism,  he  was  chosen  by 
his  people  a  member  of  the  famous  convention  of  1860,  which 
passed  the  ordinance  of  secession,  and  was  also  elected  to  the 
state  legislature,  in  which  he  served  from  1863  to  1865.  His 
unwavering  courage  and  high  determination  to  faithfully  and 
loyally  serve  his  state  during  those  crises  in  her  history  were 
exemplified  in  such  manner  as  to  place  his  name  high  upon  the 
scroll  of  patriots  and  statesmen  who  gave  their  best  services  to 
South  Carolina  in  the  time  of  her  greatest  need. 

The  war  over,  he  continued  the  quiet  pursuit  of  educating 
the  young,  and  by  precept  and  example  taught  his  pupils  not 
only  the  learning  of  books,  but  also  the  great  lessons  of  how  to 
meet  and  conquer  adversity  and  how  to  lay  broad  and  deep  the 
foundations  upon  which  the  South  was  to  renew  the  structure  of 
its  civil  life  and  show  the  world  the  most  wonderful  example  of 
a  people  triumphing  over  defeat  and  oppression  that  its  history 
has  ever  recorded. 

Doctor  Carlisle  has  led  too  active  and  busy  a  life  to  have 
much  opportunity  for  writing  books,  but  he  has  done  some 
literary  work  of  a  high  order,  among  which  may  be  mentioned 
the  editing  of  the  "Lives  of  Arnold  and  Ascham"  for  the  Chau- 
tauqua  circle.  His  religious  connection  is  with  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  South,  of  which  he  has  long  been  an  honored 
and  efficient  member. 

On  December  12,  1848,  he  married  Miss  Margaret  Jane 
Bryce,  daughter  of  Robert  and  Jane  (Shand)  Bryce,  of  Colum- 
bia, South  Carolina.  Of  their  three  children,  two  are  living 
in  1907. 

At  the  ripe  age  of  eighty-two,  Doctor  Carlisle  is  still  vigor- 
ous both  in  body  and  in  mind,  and  in  the  evening  of  his  days, 
full  of  years  and  honors,  the  object  of  the  love  and  veneration 
of  hosts  of  friends  and  former  pupils,  all  of  whom  join  in 
wishing  him  the  brightest  blessings  and  the  most  peaceful  joys. 

The  address  of  Doctor  Carlisle  is  Number  174  College  Hill, 
Spartanburg,  South  Carolina. 


LIBRARY 

A*TOK,  umor 


JOHN  CURTIS  GARY 

GARY,  JOHN  CURTIS,  was  born  in  Oconee  county,  near 
the  site  of  old  Pickens  court-house,  eight  miles  north- 
east of  Seneca,  South  Carolina,  July  10,  1848.     He  is 
the  son  of  Captain  John  W.  L.  Cary  and  Martha  M.   (Curtis) 
Cary.     His  father  was  a  carriage  builder  and,  in  later  years,  a 
farmer.     For  twelve  years  he  was  tax  collector  for  Pickens  dis- 
trict.    For  a  few  months  in  1863  he  was  captain  of  his  company 
in  the  Confederate  army.     While  on  the  South  Carolina  coast 
he  was  kicked  by  a  horse  and  permanently  disabled. 

John  Curtis  Cary  is  descended  from  an  ancient  and  illus- 
trious English  family.  Its  earliest  known  ancestor  was  Adam 
DeKarry,  Lord  of  Castle  Karry,  of  Somerset  county,  England, 
in  the  twelfth  century.  The  name  originally  was  Kari.  Henry 
Cary,  Lord  of  Kursdon,  was,  through  his  mother,  Mary  Boleyn, 
a  cousin  of  Queen  Elizabeth.  For  many  years  he  served  as 
governor  of  Berwick  and  \varden  of  the  borders.  It  was  he  who 
suppressed  the  rebellion  of  the  north.  From  him  were  descended 
the  earls  of  Devon  and  Monmouth.  Patrick  Cary,  the  poet,  was 
a  member  of  this  family,  as  were  also  two  members  of  the  cele- 
brated London  company  of  1620,  namely,  Sir  George  and  Sir 
Henry  Cary.  The  son  of  Sir  George,  a  second  Sir  Henry  Cary, 
fought  in  the  army  of  Charles  I,  and,  upon  the  success  of  par- 
liament, was  heavily  fined.  In  1651  he  was  again  put  under  the 
law,  and  his  large  estate,  Cockington,  was  confiscated.  Three 
years  later  he  emigrated  to  Virginia,  but,  on  the  restoration 
under  Charles  II,  returned  to  England,  where  he  died. 

The  son  of  Sir  Henry,  above  noted,  was  a  celebrated  literary 
character.  He  was  dignified  by  James  I  with  the  Scotch  title 
of  Viscount  of  Falkland.  His  son,  Lucius,  the  second  Lord  of 
Falkland,  was  secretary  of  state  to  Charles  I  and  was  the  typical 
cavalier  of  his  race. 

Among  the  members  of  this  family  who  came  to  Virginia 
was  Colonel  Miles  Cary,  who  came  over  from  Bristol,  England, 
and  served  in  the  Colonial  Council  of  Virginia  under  Governor 
Berkeley. 


Vol.  I— S.  C.— 4 


66  JOHN    CURTIS    GARY 

Not  all,  however,  of  the  Gary  family  were  supporters  of 
royalty.  A  notable  exception  was  afforded  by  Archibald  Gary, 
a  member  of  the  Virginia  convention  of  1776,  and  conspicuous 
for  zeal  and  ability.  He  was  a  type  of  the  Colonial  capitalist, 
owning  a  large  iron  furnace  and  mills,  which  Tarleton,  of 
unsavory  memory,  committed  to  the  flames. 

Archibald  Gary  was  familiarly  styled  "Old  Iron."  This 
sobriquet  was  appropriate  for  more  reasons  than  one,  for  Archi- 
bald Gary  suggested  iron,  not  only  by  his  commercial  dealings, 
but  by  his  character  and  conduct.  He  was  as  pronounced  a 
patriot  as  some  of  his  ancestors  were  royalists.  To  him  a  mon- 
arch by  any  other  name  was  equally  odious ;  and  when,  as  later, 
some  misguided  spirits  proposed  to  make  Washington  king, 
others  equally  misguided  proposed  to  make  Patrick  Henry  dicta- 
tor, Archibald  Gary  hurled  his  defiance  at  the  popular  hero  in 
these  words:  "The  day  of  your  appointment  will  be  the  day  of 
your  death;  for,  before  the  sun  sets,  you  will  find  my  dagger  in 
your  heart!" 

One  of  these  early  Englishmen  in  Virginia  was  the  father 
of  James  Gary,  who  was  the  father  of  Captain  John  W.  L.  Gary, 
who  in  turn  was,  as  stated,  the  father  of  John  Curtis  Gary. 

John  Curtis  Gary's  maternal  ancestry  dates  back  to  the 
famous  Kentucky  hunter  and  pioneer,  Daniel  Boone.  Martha 
M.  Gary  was  born  in  what  is  now  Oconee  county,  and  was  the 
granddaughter  of  Nathan  Boone,  a  descendant  of  Daniel  Boone. 

In  youth  John  Gary  was  healthy  and  strong.  His  early  life 
was  spent  in  the  country,  and  he  was  trained  to  perform  all 
kinds  of  farm  work  customary  at  that  time.  His  early  life  and 
development  were  materially  influenced,  in  every  way,  by  his 
mother.  Being  but  thirteen  years  old  when  the  War  between  the 
States  broke  out,  and  left  at  its  close  in  poverty,  he  encountered 
great  difficulty  in  acquiring  an  education.  Nevertheless,  he 
derived  general  culture  from  early  study  of  that  best  of  classics, 
the  Bible.  Then,  and  later,  he  was  interested  in  reading  the 
lives  of  men  who  have  left  their  impress  upon  the  times,  among 
whom  he  names  George  Washington,  Abraham  Lincoln,  Napoleon 
Bonaparte,  and  Grover  Cleveland. 

John  Gary  studied  in  the  common  schools  of  the  country, 
and  prepared  for  college  in  Thalian  academy,  taught  by  Rev- 
erend J.  L.  Kennedy,  a  famous  educator  of  that  time.  While  at 


JOHN    CURTIS    CART  67 

the  academy,  in  1864,  he  responded  to  the  call  for  sixteen-year- 
old  boys,  and  enlisted  in  the  Confederate  army.  He  served  six 
months,  was  second  lieutenant  of  Company  I,  First  regiment  of 
South  Carolina  militia,  with  which  he  remained  until  the  close 
of  the  war.  On  returning  home  he  promptly  reentered  Thalian 
academy,  where  he  studied  until  August,  1866.  In  the  fall  of 
that  year  the  appointment  of  beneficiary  from  Pickens  district 
to  South  Carolina  college  was  offered  him,  but  as  his  father  had 
recently  died,  he  declined  to  leave  home.  During  1867  he  studied 
under  Professor  W.  J.  Ligon,  of  Anderson,  while  the  year  1868 
he  spent  at  home  on  the  farm. 

Mr.  Gary's  active  life  work  began  in  1869,  as  a  clerk  in  a 
general  merchandise  store  at  Walhalla.  Later  he  held  engineer- 
ing positions  with  various  railroads ;  was  employed  as  bookkeeper 
and  paymaster  for  a  railroad  contractor;  on  account  of  the  panic 
of  1873  returned  to  the  farm  for  a  brief  period,  assisted  in  the 
survey  of  a  railroad  from  Greenville,  South  Carolina,  to  Ashe- 
ville,  North  Carolina ;  and  then  became  a  clerk  in  a  general 
merchandise  store  at  Seneca,  South  Carolina,  where  he  remained 
until  1876. 

In  the  fall  of  1876,  that  memorable  year  in  the  history  of 
South  Carolina  politics,  Mr.  Gary  became  a  candidate  for  county 
clerk.  He  was  an  enthusiastic  admirer  of  General  Wade  Hamp- 
ton, and  he  threw  into  the  campaign  all  the  ardor  and  energy  of 
his  young  manhood.  Though  defeated,  he  received  a  flattering 
vote.  Mr.  Gary  now  turned  his  attention  again  to  business.  This 
he  could  not  enter  on  his  own  account ;  for,  from  the  close  of  the 
war  till  this  time,  he  had  saved  not  a  cent  for  himself;  every 
dollar  of  his  earnings,  above  his  necessary  personal  expenses, 
having  gone  to  his  mother  and  to  the  support  and  education  of 
younger  brothers.  He  accepted  the  agency  for  the  great  cotton 
merchants,  George  H.  McFadden  &  Brother,  of  Philadelphia  and 
Liverpool,  and  up  to  1890  he  was  their  representative  for  western 
South  Carolina  and  northeastern  Georgia.  In  addition  to  his 
service  for  the  firm,  he  improved  many  opportunities  to  do 
business  for  himself,  and  thus  laid  the  foundation  for  his  more 
recent  operations.  He  built  the  well-known  Keowee  hotel,  at 
Seneca,  in  1880,  and  sold  it  in  1889.  In  the  year  last  named  he 
organized  the  Lockhart  Railroad  company,  was  elected  its  presi- 
dent and  treasurer,  and  had  the  road  open  for  business  by  June, 


68  JOHN    CURTIS    GARY 

1900.  Mr.  Gary  owns  about  2,000  acres  of  land  in  Oconee  county 
and  gives  much  attention  to  practical  farming.  He  is  president 
of  the  Seneca  Oil  Mill  and  Fertilizer  company,  and  is  an  earnest 
promoter  of  the  manufacturing  interests  of  the  New  South. 

In  1893  he  sold  his  water  power  on  Little  river,  in  Oconee 
county,  to  Charleston  capitalists  and  superintended  the  construc- 
tion of  a  large  cotton  mill  for  the  Courtenay  Manufacturing 
company.  In  the  following  year  he  purchased  of  the  officers  of 
the  Lockhart  mills  their  water  power  and  other  property,  which 
had  been  obtained  for  the  purpose  of  erecting  a  cotton  mill  at 
Lockhart  Shoals,  on  Broad  river,  Union  county,  South  Carolina. 
He  reorganized  the  company  and  erected  Mill  No.  1  with  25,000 
spindles  and  800  looms.  This  mill  was  completed  in  1895  at  a 
cost  of  $650,000.  Mr.  Gary  was  treasurer  and  general  manager 
of  the  company  from  its  reorganization  in  June,  1894,  until 
November,  1895,  when  he  was  elected  its  president  and  treasurer, 
which  positions  he  still  (1907)  retains.  On  May  25,  1905,  the 
capital  stock  of  Lockhart  mills  was  increased  to  $1,300,000  for 
the  purpose  of  building  Mill  No.  2,  which  has  been  completed. 
This  mill  contains  25,000  spindles  with  a  full  complement  of 
looms  and  other  machinery. 

In  politics  Mr.  Gary  is  a  lifelong  and  active  Democrat  of 
the  gold  wing.  He  has  represented  his  county  in  several  state 
conventions  of  his  party,  and,  in  1884,  he  represented  it  in  the 
congressional  convention  of  the  third  district  of  Seneca.  In  this 
convention,  in  a  brilliant  speech,  he  renominated  Mr.  D.  Wyatt 
Aiken  for  congress.  Mr.  Aiken  received  the  renomination  from 
the  convention  and  was  reflected.  In  the  same  year  Mr.  Gary 
was  a  delegate  to  the  Democratic  National  convention  which 
nominated  Grover  Cleveland. 

Mr.  Gary  is  deeply  interested  in  the  schools  of  his  town,  and 
has  served  as  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  and  as  secretary 
of  the  board.  He  is  a  Mason.  In  religion  he  is  a  Presbyterian, 
holding  the  office  of  elder  in  this  church.  To  the  jroung  he 
advises  soberness,  integrity,  and  perseverance. 

On  February  12,  1885,  Mr.  Gary  was  married  to  Miss  Mary 
Frazer  Livingston.  They  have  had  one  son,  Whitner  Livingston 
Cary,  who  is  now  (1907)  living. 

Mr.  Gary's  address  is  Lockhart,  Union  county,  South  Carolina^ 


JAMES  LIDE  COKER 

GOKER,  JAMES  LIDE,  LL.  D.,  manufacturer  and  finan- 
cier, was  born  at  Society  Hill,  Darlington  county,  South 
Carolina,  January  3,  1837.  He  was  the  son  of  Caleb 
and  Hannah  (Lide)  Coker.  His  father  was  a  merchant  and 
planter,  whose  business  was  extensive.  He  held  no  public  office 
except  that  of  magistrate  for  his  district.  He  was  distinguished 
for  integrity,  close  attention  to  business  and  for  sound  judgment. 
His  family,  and  that  of  Mrs.  Coker,  were  representatives  of  the 
highest  type  of  character.  On  his  paternal  side,  James  Coker 
was  descended  from  Thomas  Coker,  who  came  to  South  Carolina 
from  Virginia  about  1740.  On  his  maternal  side,  his  early 
ancestors  in  this  country  were  John  Holloway,  who  was  born  in 
Virginia  in  1719,  and  whose  parents  are  supposed  to  have  come 
from  England;  and  Robert  Lide,  who  was  born  in  Virginia  in 
1734  and  was  of  Welsh  descent.  These  all  settled  on  the  Pee  Dee 
river,  and  their  descendants  are  still  numerous  in  that  locality. 
Robert  Lide  was  a  major  in  Marion's  celebrated  brigade  in  the 
Revolution,  was  commissioner  for  the  Cheraws  in  1784,  and  the 
following  year  he  was  a  justice  in  Darlington  county. 

James  Coker  had  no  difficulties  in  obtaining  an  education, 
and  the  schools  which  he  attended  were  of  the  best.  He  studied 
at  Saint  David's  academy,  Society  Hill:  the  Arsenal  academy; 

«/     7  \J  +j       t 

and  at  the  South  Carolina  Military  academy,  known  as  the 
Citadel,  1853-57,  but  did  not  graduate.  Later  he  attended  the 
Harvard  University  Scientific  school,  in  which  he  studied  chem- 

\j  / 

istry  and  botany  and  attended  lectures  on  zoology,  in  1858,  but 
did  not  take  a  degree. 

The  active  work  of  life  was  commenced  in  1858,  as  a  planter 
at  Hartfiville,  South  Carolina.  His  own  personal  preference 
determined  the  choice  of  his  occupation.  With  his  work  of 
planting  he,  after  the  war,  united  that  of  merchant  and  carried 
on  affairs  until  1905.  From  1874-81  he  was  a  member  of  the 
firm  of  cotton  factors  known  as  Norwood  &  Coker,  at  Charleston, 
South  Carolina.  He  also  entered  the  banking  business  and 
engaged  in  manufacturing.  He  became  president  of  the  National 
Bank  of  Darlington,  of  the  Bank  of  Darlington,  and  is  now 


70  JAMES    LIDE    COKER 

president  of  the  Bank  of  Hartsville.  In  the  manufacturing  line 
he  has  been  president  of  the  Carolina  Fiber  company,  making 
paper  from  wood  fiber,  since  1890;  president  of  the  Southern 
Novelty  company  since  1899;  was  director  of  the  Darlington 
Manufacturing  company,  1885-1902;  and  director  of  the  Harts- 
ville Cotton  mills  since  1902. 

On  the  opening  of  the  War  between  the  States  he  entered 
the  Confederate  service  as  captain  of  Company  G,  Ninth  South 
Carolina  infantry.  In  1862-64  he  was  captain  of  Company  E, 
Sixth  South  Carolina  volunteer  infantry,  and  1864-65  was  major 
of  the  same  regiment.  In  1863  he  was  so  severely  wounded  as  to 
be  disabled  for  active  military  service,  and  was  elected  a  member 
of  the  legislature,  in  which  capacity  he  served  for  two  years. 
He  published  (1899)  "The  History  of  Company  E,  Sixth  South 
Carolina  Volunteer  Infantry,"  which  is  interesting  to  the  sur- 
viving members  of  that  company  and  their  families,  to  the 
relatives  of  members  who  have  died,  and  to  the  general  reader; 
while  it  may  be  valuable  to  the  future  historian.  Mr.  Coker  has 
been  deeply  interested  in  education,  and,  as  it  was  his  earnest 
desire  that  the  facilities  for  study  keep  pace  with  the  growth  of 
the  town,  he  urged  the  establishment  of  an  advanced  educational 
institution  at  Hartsville,  and  was  practically  the  founder  of  the 
Welsh  Neck  high  school,  which,  with  its  strong  faculty  and 
hundreds  of  students,  has  become  one  of  the  principal  centers  of 
learning  in  that  part  of  the  state. 

On  March  28,  1860,  Mr.  Coker  was  married  to  Susan  Arm- 
strong Stout.  Of  their  ten  children,  seven  are  now  (1907)  living. 

That  in  early  manhood  Mr.  Coker  chose  a  wide  field  for 
usefulness,  and  that  his  opportunities  in  that  direction  have  been 
well  improved,  the  present  condition  of  Hartsville,  as  compared 
with  its  past,  amply  proves.  When  he  commenced  operations 
there  in  1857  he  had  a  plantation.  There  was  a  postoffice  near 
by,  and  a  few  scattering  houses — and  that  was  all.  In  the 
Hartsville  of  today  there  are  churches,  academies,  stores,  facto- 
ries, banks,  railroads,  the  telegraph  and  telephone,  and  a  marked 
development  of  agricultural  resources.  The  credit  of  the  incep- 
tion of  the  plan  of  enlargement  and  improvement  belongs  to 
Mr.  Coker,  and,  in  a  great  measure,  the  conversion  of  the  plan 
into  tangible  results  has  been  due  to  the  genius,  the  energy,  the 
good  judgment,  and  the  business  ability  which  he  has  displayed. 


JAMES    LIDE    COKER  71 

He  has  proved  himself  a  patriot,  an  unselfish  worker  for  the 
good  of  others,  a  man  of  high  ideals  and  noble  purposes,  together 
with  the  graces  of  culture  and  piety.  His  achievements  have 
been  remarkable  and  his  conspicuous  success  has  been  fully 
deserved.  In  recognition  of  his  character  and  services,  South 
Carolina  university,  when  celebrating  its  Centennial,  in  1905, 
conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  LL.  D. 

The  postoffice  address  of  Mr.  Coker  is  Hartsville,  Darlington 
county,  South  Carolina. 


CHARLES  JONES  GOLGOCK,  JR. 

GOLCOCK,  CHAKLES  JONES,  JK.,  educator,  principal 
of  the  Porter  academy,  of  Charleston,  South  Carolina, 
was  born  in  Beaufort  district,  South  Carolina,  on  Jan- 
uary 17,  1852.  His  first  American  ancestor  on  the  father's  side, 
Doctor  Henry  Woodward,  came  from  the  Barbadoes;  and  inter- 
married with  his  descendants  were  men  and  women  from  England, 
Scotland,  and  others  of  French  Huguenot  stock.  Captain  John 
Colcock  came  from  Essex,  England,  to  Charlestown,  South 
Carolina. 

Among  the  distinguished  ancestors  of  Principal  Colcock 
have  been  his  father;  his  great-grandfather,  Charles  J.  Colcock, 
of  the  court  of  appeals  of  South  Carolina,  who  was  president  of 
the  bank  of  the  state ;  and  Judge  William  Smith,  of  the  supreme 
court  of  New  York. 

His  father  was  a  planter,  energetic,  of  rare  good  judgment, 
and  of  a  high  order  of  executive  ability;  a  magnetic  personality 
such  as  exerts  great  influence  in  any  city  or  community.  He  was 
the  originator  of  many  enterprises  of  a  public  nature.  From 
1861  to  1865  he  was  commander  of  the  Third  Military  district, 
and  colonel  of  the  Third  South  Carolina  cavalry. 

His  mother  (Mrs.  Lucy  O.  Horton  Colcock)  was  of  English 
extraction.  A  most  devout  Christian,  her  influence  on  her  son's 
character  was  marked.  She  died  when  he  was  eleven  years  old. 
Her  early  training  left  in  him  a  "desire  to  do  his  utmost  toward 
realizing  her  ambition  for  him";  and  in  the  fulfilment  of  this 
desire  he  was  constantly  encouraged  by  his  father.  This  home 
influence  led  him  to  pursue  most  assiduously  his  private  studies. 
His  own  tastes,  too,  led  him  to  study  and  reading;  and  he  was 
especially  interested  in  mathematics.  Books  of  natural  science 
and  stories  of  adventure  and  history  he  enjoyed. 

After  a  few  years  of  preparatory  training  he  entered  the 
Holy  Communion  Church  institute  in  Charleston,  taking  the 
classical  course;  was  at  the  College  of  Charleston  for  two  years; 
and  later  he  matriculated  at  Union  college,  Schenectady,  New 
York,  to  pursue  a  course  in  civil  engineering.  From  Union  he 


v 


CHARLES    JONES    COLCOCK,    JR.  75 

was  graduated  in  1875,  with  the  degree  of  C.  E.,  and  a  member 
of  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa. 

Upon  graduation  he  was  made  tutor  in  Union  college,  hold- 
ing this  position  for  three  years.  Returning  to  his  home,  he 
became  a  planter.  In  1885  he  was  appointed  to  the  department 
of  mathematics  and  sciences  at  the  Porter  academy,  Charleston, 
South  Carolina.  So  efficient  was  his  work  here  that  he  became 
head  master  of  the  academy  in  1890,  a  position  of  influence  which 
he  still  holds.  His  greatest  service  to  the  public  has  been  ren- 
dered through  his  work  as  a  teacher. 

He  intends  to  edit  and  publish  a  series  of  mathematical  text 
books.  He  has  written  a  work,  now  in  press,  entitled  "A  His- 
tory of  the  Progenitors  and  Some  Descendants  of  Colonel  Ann 
Hawkes  Hay." 

In  December,  1883,  he  was  married  to  Patti  Lee  Hay,  daugh- 
ter of  Samuel  J.  and  Susan  C.  Hay,  of  Barnwell,  South  Carolina. 
They  have  had  two  children,  one  of  whom  is  now  (1907)  living, 
Miss  Erroll  Hay  Colcock. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution;  the  Hugue- 
not society;  the  Commercial  club,  of  Charleston;  and  the  South 
Carolina  Historical  society.  He  is  affiliated  with  the  Episcopal 
church. 

He  advises  young  people  to  make  worthy  friends  in  youth, 
and  so  to  regulate  their  conduct  in  later  life  as  to  retain  these 
same  friendships.  He  says:  "Where  principle  is  involved,  at 
any  sacrifice  act  upon  the  conviction  of  right.  In  other  cases, 
consult  expediency.  Idleness  is  the  'root  of  all  evil.'  Have  an 
object  in  life  that  can  be  reached,  and  continually  strive  to 
reach  it," 

His  address  is  Charleston,  South  Carolina. 


THOMAS  PERRIN  COTHRAN 

GOTHRAN,  THOMAS  PERRIN,  lawyer  and  legislator, 
was  born  in  Abbeville,  South  Carolina,  October  24,  1857. 
His    parents   were   James  S.    and    Emma  C.  (Perrin) 
Cothran.      His   father   was    a    distinguished    lawyer,   who    was 
solicitor  of  the  eighth  judicial   circuit   for  several  years,  was 
subsequently  elected  judge  of  the  same  circuit,  in  which  position 
he  won  the  highest  regard  of  the  people  for  his  ability  and 
impartiality.      While  serving   as   judge  he  was   elected  to  the 
United  States  house  of  representatives,  of  which  body  he  became 
an  influential  member. 

Until  his  thirty-fifth  year  the  home  of  Thomas  Cothran  was 
in  the  village  in  which  he  was  born.  After  completing  the  pre- 
scribed course  in  its  high  school,  he  studied  law  at  the  University 
of  Virginia  two  sessions,  1877-78,  and  in  1882  he  took  the  summer 
law  course  at  this  institution.  He  commenced  the  practice  of 
law  in  Abbeville,  January  1,  1879,  and  remained  there  twelve 
years.  In  1891  he  removed  to  Greenville,  South  Carolina,  and 
on  January  1,  1892,  became  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Cothran, 
Wells,  Ansel  &  Cothran,  of  which  his  father  was  the  senior 
member.  Subsequently,  after  the  death  of  his  father  and  of 
Captain  Wells,  he,  with  his  younger  brother,  W.  C.  Cothran, 
formed  a  partnership  with  State  Senator  Dean,  under  the  firm 
name  of  Cothran,  Dean  &  Cothran. 

In  politics  Mr.  Cothran  has  always  been  a  Democrat.  In 
1904  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  house  of  representatives 
from  Grenville  county  for  the  term  1904-06,  and  soon  won  recog- 
nition as  an  able  and  conservative  member.  In  1906  he  was 
reflected  and  was  one  of  the  authors  of  the  celebrated  "Carey- 
Cothran  Local  Option  bill,"  the  passing  of  which  destroyed  the 
state  dispensary.  As  a  lawyer  he  has  won  a  high  reputation  for 
ability,  fairness,  and  skill.  He  is  assistant  division  counsel  of 
the  Southern  Railway  company. 

Mr.  Cothran  belongs  to  several  orders,  including  the  Masons, 
Odd  Fellows,  and  Elks.  His  religious  connection  is  with  the 
Presbyterian  church.  He  enjoys  social  life,  is  a  close  student, 
and  a  discriminating  reader,  keeping  well  informed  regarding 


THOMAS    PERRIN    COTHRAN  77 

current  events.     On  January  6,  1886,  he  was  married  to  lone 
Smith,  of  Abbeville,  South  Carolina.     She  died  July  29,  1887. 
His  address  is  Greenville,  South  Carolina. 


WILLIAM  ASHMEAD  COURTENAY 

GOURTENAY,    WILLIAM    ASHMEAD,   was    bom    in 
Charleston,    South   Carolina,    February   4,    1831.      His 
grandfather,  Edward  Courtenay,  who  came  to  Charles- 
ton in  1791,  was  a  native  of  Newry,  County  Down,  Ireland;  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Protestant  family  of  that  name  which,  long 
resident  in  the  north  of  Ireland,  was  a  branch  of  the  historic 
family  of  that  name  in  England,  dating  back  to  the  Norman 
Conquest.     He  was  an  excellent  scholar  and  able  teacher,  who 
for  many  years  conducted  one  of  the  best  and  most  widely  known 
schools  of  the  higher  grade  in  Charleston. 

William  A.  Courtenay  had  only  a  limited  education,  and 
entered  upon  a  business  life  in  his  fifteenth  year.  Previous  to 
the  war,  he,  with  his  elder  brother,  the  late  S.  Oilman  Courtenay, 
conducted  a  large  publishing  and  book  selling  business  on  Broad 
street,  Charleston.  Mr.  Courtenay  was  a  "book  man"  in  the 
wider  sense  as  applied  by  James  Russell  Lowell  to  himself.  He 
enjoyed  the  personal  friendship  and  esteem  of  such  leaders  in 
the  literary  life  of  the  Old  South  as  William  Gilmore  Simms, 
Henry  Timrod,  and  William  J.  Grayson.  The  war,  however, 
destroyed  this  book  business. 

From  early  manhood  Mr.  Courtenay  had  been  an  enthu- 
siastic member  of  the  Washington  Light  infantry,  a  corps  which 
furnished  several  general  officers  to  the  Southern  Confederacy. 
In  the  War  between  the  States  he  responded  to  the  first  call  to 
arms,  served  with  fidelity  in  South  Carolina  and  Virginia,  and 
rose  to  the  rank  of  captain.  Returning  home  from  the  war, 
William  A.  Courtenay  became,  and  for  many  years  continued, 
active  in  the  shipping  business,  managing  steamship  lines  to 
Baltimore,  Philadelphia,  and  New  York,  with  their  related  com- 
mercial connections.  During  this  active  period,  Mr.  Courtenay 
became  president  of  the  Charleston  chamber  of  commerce,  con- 
tinuing for  three  years.  In  1879  he  was  elected  mayor  of 
Charleston  and  served  eight  years.  Later  he  removed  to  the 
upper  section  of  South  Carolina  and  founded  a  cotton  mill  enter- 
prise at  Newry,  where  he  lived  until  his  removal  to  Columbia 
several  years  ago.  Ten  years  of  success  have  crowned  this  effort 


MKs£i 

, 


PUBLIC  LIBRARY 

ACTOR,  LBMOZ 
TTLCEN  FOUNDATION* 


WILLIAM    ASHMEAD    COURTENAY  81 

in  a  new  field.  Mr.  Courtenay  represents  South  Carolina  on  the 
Peabody  Education  trust;  he  has  received  the  degree  of  LL.  D. 
from  the  University  of  Tennessee,  and  also  from  the  South  Caro- 
lina college.  His  deep  interest  in  education  during  his  mayoralty, 
when  he  served  as  a  school  commissioner,  induced  the  commis- 
sioners to  name  one  of  their  new  school  houses  after  him. 

As  mayor  of  Charleston,  Doctor  Courtenay  was  a  working 
official  and  left  enduring  proofs  of  his  devotion  to  the  public 
interest.  Perhaps  his  greatest  public  service  was  rendered  when 
the  city  of  Charleston  was  nearly  destroyed  by  the  earthquake  of 
August  31,  1886.  The  city  had  survived  four  bombardments  and 
many  cyclones,  and  the  world  had  come  to  regard  the  spirit  of 
her  people  as  invincible.  But  up  to  that  time  so  disastrous  an 
earthquake  had  never  occurred  in  the  United  States.  The  boldest 
spirits  quailed  before  so  overwhelming  a  calamity,  and  councils 
were  divided  as  to  the  best  means  to  rehabilitate  the  stricken 
city.  Although  they  met  with  some  opposition,  the  plans  of 
Mr.  Courtenay  were  approved  by  the  great  majority  of  the  most 
intelligent  citizens,  and  were  carried  into  effect  with  most  grati- 
fying results. 

He  substituted  granite  blocks  and  flagging  for  plank  and 
cobblestone  roadways  and  brick  pavements;  caused  heavy  flag- 
ging to  be  placed  on  the  High  Battery  to  resist  the  force  of 
cyclones  and  storm-tides ;  converted  the  undesirable  and  neglected 
location  at  the  west  end  of  Broad  and  Beaufain  streets  into  the 
"Colonial  Lake";  caused  the  removal  of  the  city  hospital  from 
a  building  wholly  unsuited  to  one  much  better  adapted  to  the 
needs  of  patients;  caused  the  police  station  to  be  removed  to  a 
better  location  and  criminals  to  be  more  humanelv  cared  for; 

«/  / 

renovated  the  City  Hall  building  and  improved  the  City  Hall 
park.  He  effected  a  two-per-cent.  reduction  in  the  interest  on 
the  ante-bellum  six-per-cent.  bonds,  thus  saving  the  city  a  consid- 
erable sum  each  year.  He  changed  the  fire  department  from  a 
political  to  a  nonpartisan  force,  in  which  one  hundred  men  now 
do  more  and  better  work  than  thirteen  hundred  volunteers  once 
did.  Finally,  he  established  the  William  Enston  Home,  an  insti- 
tution designed,  in  accordance  with  the  will  of  William  Enston, 
"to  make  old  age  comfortable,"  and  laid  out  the  attractive  village 
which  is  now  the  home  of  about  one  hundred  men  and  women 
who,  in  earlier  life,  had  lived  in  their  own  happy  homes.  At  his 


82  WILLIAM    ASHMEAD    COURTENAY 

suggestion,  the  legislature  founded  the  "Historical  Commission 
of  South  Carolina,"  of  which  he  was  the  chairman  for  years. 

No  sketch  of  Doctor  Courtenay's  life  could  be  complete 
without  reference  to  his  untiring  and  munificent  efforts  in  aid 
of  Southern  literature  and  history.  He  has  not  only  prepared 
and  published  invaluable  historical  annals,  but  he  has  assisted 
with  voice  and  pen  and  purse  in  publishing  the  definitive  edition 
of  the  poems  of  his  friend,  Henry  Timrod;  the  "Life  of  Wil- 
liam Lowndes";  the  "Poems  of  Carlyle  McKinley";  "Lederer's 
Travels,"  and  many  elegant  biographical  brochures.  He  has 
recently  published  a  superb  edition  de  luxe  of  "Early  Voyages 
to  Carolina,"  which  in  paper  and  typography  probably  surpasses 
any  work  heretofore  issued  from  the  printing  press  of  the  South. 
In  June,  1906,  he  presented  to  the  Charleston  library  four  hun- 
dred rare  and  valuable  bound  volumes,  relating  in  the  main  to 
South  Carolina  history;  and  he  has  commissioned  an  eminent 
artist  to  paint  for  that  historic  institution  portraits  of  eight  of 
South  Carolina's  most  distinguished  statesmen  and  litterateurs. 

Doctor  Courtenay's  address  is  Columbia,  South  Carolina. 


HIW 

PUBLIC  LIBRARY 

| 
AflTOH,  LBXOZ 


ASBURY  COWARD 

COWARD,  ASBURY,  LL.  D.,  superintendent  of  the  South 
Carolina  Military  academy,  for  many  years  principal 
of  the  King's  Mountain  Military  school,  from  1882-86 
state  superintendent  of  education  for  South  Carolina,  brigadier- 
general  of  militia,  was  born  at  Hyde  Park  plantation,  eastern 
branch  of  Cooper  river,  in  what  was  then  Charleston  county  but 
is  now  Berkeley  county,  in  South  Carolina,  September  19,  1835. 
His  father,  Jesse  Coward,  was  a  rice  planter,  "forceful,  fond  of 
reading,"  whose  ancestors  came  from  England  to  the  United 
States.  His  mother,  Anne  Keziah  DuBois,  who  died  when  he 
was  but  three  months  old,  was  descended  from  a  French  family 
who  had  resided  for  some  generations  in  the  Southern  states. 

The  first  nine  years  of  his  life  were  spent  in  the  country,  in 
the  sports  and  early  studies  of  a  healthy,  active  boy.  After  he 
was  nine  he  attended  regularly  the  schools  of  Charleston;  but 
he  spent  his  vacations  in  the  country,  and  he  was  intensely 
interested  in  athletic  games  and  in  hunting,  fishing  and  horse- 
manship. Books  of  travel  and  adventure  (among  them  Frois- 
sart's  Chronicles),  and  books  upon  natural  history,  furnished  the 
reading  which  interested  him  most  deeply  in  his  youth;  and  he 
has  always  pursued  reading  along  these  lines.  The  only  diffi- 
culties which  he  encountered  in  acquiring  an  education,  he  says, 
came  "from  his  fondness  for  out-of-door  sports."  After  attend- 
ing the  day  schools  in  Charleston,  he  entered  the  South  Carolina 
Military  academy  as  a  cadet,  and  was  graduated  from  that 
institution  in  November,  1854.  He  read  law  for  some  time, 
completing  the  usual  course  of  preparation  for  admission  to  the 
bar  under  the  direction  of  W.  B.  Wilson,  Esquire,  of  Yorkville, 
South  Carolina. 

In  January,  1855,  at  Yorkville,  South  Carolina,  he  began  the 
work  of  his  life  as  educator.  He  was  "co-founder  and  principal 
of  the  King's  Mountain  Military  school."  His  father  had  died 
in  1850 ;  and  his  choice  of  a  life  work  was  due  to  his  own 
preference.  He  continued  co-principal  of  the  King's  Mountain 
Military  school  until  the  breaking  out  of  the  War  between  the 


86  ASBURY   COWARD 

States.  Entering  the  Confederate  army  as  captain  in  the  adju- 
tant-general's department,  in  the  field  he  was  promoted  major  in 
the  same  department  after  the  battle  of  Malvern  Hill,  and  a  few 
months  later  was  made  colonel  of  the  Fifth  South  Carolina  regi- 
ment. With  the  exception  of  Chancellorsville  and  Gettysburg, 

he  was  in  all  the  great  battles  of  General  Lee's  armv  until  the 

i> 

close  at  Appomattox.  For  forty-one  years,  since  the  war,  he  has 
been  serving  in  connection  with  the  military  institutions;  and 
for  five  of  these  years  he  was  a  brigadier-general  of  militia.  At 
the  close  of  the  war  he  became,  in  1866,  the  sole  principal  and 
proprietor  of  the  King's  Mountain  Military  school,  and  he  held 
that  position  until  1886.  He  was  elected  state  superintendent  of 
education  in  1882,  for  a  term  of  two  years;  and  in  1884  was 
reflected,  serving  another  term  of  two  years,  with  efficiency  and 
acceptance.  In  1890  he  became  superintendent  of  the  South 
Carolina  Military  academy,  known  as  the  Citadel  academy,  of 
Charleston,  South  Carolina. 

Identified  with  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church,  Colonel 
Coward  is  also  a  Mason,  a  member  of  the  St.  Andrew's  society, 
and  a  member  of  the  Knights  of  Honor.  He  has  served  as  grand 
dictator  of  the  Knights  of  Honor.  In  political  convictions  he 
is  with  the  Democratic  party. 

He  married  Miss  Eliza  Corbett  Blum,  December  25,  1856. 
In  answer  to  the  question  as  to  his  first  strong  impulse  to  strive 
for  prizes  in  life,  he  writes:  "I  am  not  aware  that  I  have  won 
any  prizes,  except  a  good  wife."  They  have  had  seventeen  chil- 
dren, of  whom  two  daughters  and  two  sons  are  living  in  1907. 

Identified  with  the  educational  work  of  South  Carolina, 
through  his  service  for  two  terms  as  state  superintendent  of 
education,  and  still  more  closely  identified  with  the  educational 
interests  of  the  state  through  his  lifelong  administration  of 
military  schools,  which  have  had  a  marked  influence  in  shaping 
the  ideals  of  the  boys  and  young  men  of  South  Carolina,  Colonel 
Coward  is  remembered  with  esteem  and  affection  by  a  great 
multitude  of  the  citizens  of  his  state  who  have  been  his  students. 
South  Carolina  college,  at  Columbia,  South  Carolina,  conferred 
upon  him,  in  1896,  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.  D. 

The  address  of  Colonel  Coward  is  Charleston,  South  Carolina. 


ZIMMERMAN  DAVIS 

DAVIS,  ZIMMERMAN,  for  the  last  sixty  years  a  resident 
of  Charleston,  alderman  of  that  city  from  1891  to  1899, 
chairman  of  the  commissioners  of  the  city  hospital, 
mayor  of  Charleston,  pro  tempore,  for  the  year  1899,  prominently 
identified  with  the  commercial  and  social  interests  of  the  city, 
and  from  1880  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Charleston  Water 
Works  and  the  Charleston  Water  and  Light  company  until  May, 
1906,  when  he  was  appointed  general  agent  for  the  lower  portion 
of  South  Carolina  of  the  Southeastern  Life  Insurance  company, 
of  Spartanburg,  South  Carolina,  was  born  at  Monticello,  Fair- 
field  county,  South  Carolina,  October  8,  1834. 

His  father,  William  Kincaid  Davis,  was  a  planter.  The 
earliest  known  ancestor  of  the  Davis  family  in  America,  Rev- 
erend David  Davis,  came  from  Wales  and  settled  (1710)  in  New 
Castle,  Delaware.  Another  ancestor,  William  McMorris,  an 
emigrant  from  Belfast,  Ireland,  about  1740  settled  in  Fairfield 
county,  South  Carolina.  A  great-grandfather,  James  Davis,  was 
an  officer  in  the  Revolutionary  war;  and  another  great-grand- 
father, James  Kincaid,  was  a  captain  of  cavalry  under  Generals 
Marion  and  Sumter  in  the  Revolution. 

His  boyhood  was  passed  on  a  farm  until  he  was  twelve  years 
old.  In  that  year  the  family  removed  to  Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  where  he  still  (1907)  resides. 

He  studied  at  the  Charleston  high  school,  and  later  at  the 
College  of  Charleston ;  but  he  did  not  complete  his  course.  While 
a  member  of  the  junior  class  (but  not  until  after  he  had  taken 
the  sophomore  prize  for  elocution,  giving  evidence  of  that  interest 
in  and  capacity  for  public  speaking  which  has  marked  his  later 
life),  he  was  obliged  to  leave  college  and  enter  business  life  by 
reason  of  reverses  in  business  experienced  by  his  father.  He  has 
all  his  life  been  known  as  a  wide  reader,  fond  of  the  best  of 
English  and  American  prose,  especially  interested  in  "all  histo- 
ries, ancient  and  modern;  and  above  all,  in  the  Bible." 

Upon  breaking  away  from  his  college  course  and  taking  up 
business,  he  became  (1853)  a  clerk  in  the  cotton  commission 
business.  From  1857  to  1865  he  was  a  partner  in  the  firm  of 

Vol.  I— S.  C.— 5 


88  ZIMMERMAN    DAVIS 

Adams,  Frost  &  Company;  from  1866  to  1876  he  was  a  partner 
in  the  firm  of  Reeder  &  Davis;  and  from  1886  to  1889  in  the 
firm  of  Davis  &  McCall,  cotton  factorage  and  commission.  In 
1880  he  was  made  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  Charleston 
Water  Works  and  the  Charleston  Light  and  Water  company — 
a  position  which  he  held  until  recently,  when  he  entered  the  life 
insurance  business. 

In  December,  1860,  his  business  career  was  interrupted  by 
threatenings  of  the  outbreak  of  the  War  between  the  States.  He 
served  in  the  Confederate  army  from  December,  1860,  until 
April,  1865,  the  entire  period  of  the  war.  He  was  a  private  in 
the  Washington  Light  infantry  from  December,  1860,  until 
April,  1861 ;  then  successively  third  lieutenant,  second  lieutenant 
and  first  lieutenant,  from  April,  1861,  to  1862.  He  became  a 
captain  in  the  cavalry,  and  served  as  such  from  1862  to  1864, 
when  he  was  promoted  colonel  of  the  Fifth  South  Carolina 
cavalry,  Butler's  brigade,  Army  of  Northern  Virginia,  serving 
as  colonel  from  October,  1864,  until  the  close  of  the  war. 

Identified  by  his  convictions  with  the  Democratic  party,  he 
has  not  varied  in  his  allegiance  to  that  organization.  He  was 
secretary  of  the  Democratic  State  convention  (in  1876)  which 
nominated  General  Wade  Hampton  for  governor.  As  president 
of  the  Survivors'  association  of  Charleston,  he  presided  and  made 
the  opening  address  at  the  meeting  of  the  citizens  of  Charleston 
on  the  occasion  of  the  death  of  Jefferson  Davis,  December  11, 
1889. 

Colonel  Davis  is  in  constant  request  for  addresses  upon  civil, 
religious,  military,  and  political  subjects,  both  in  his  own  city 
and  in  other  parts  of  the  state. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity ;  of  the  Charleston 
Commercial  club;  of  the  South  Carolina  society;  of  the  South 
Carolina  Historical  society;  of  the  Camp  Sumter  United  Con- 
federate veterans,  and  was  commander  of  the  Camp  from  1889 
to  1891.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution,  and 
is  vice-president  of  the  society.  He  has  been  president  of  the 
Alumni  association  of  the  College  of  Charleston,  and  he  is  vice- 
president  of  the  South  Carolina  Historical  society.  He  was 
grand  marshal  of  the  Grand  Lodge  of  Masons  from  1874  to  1885 ; 
and  he  has  been  grand  treasurer  of  the  Grand  Lodge  for  the 
last  twenty-one  years.  He  is  also  brigadier-general  of  the  First 


ZIMMERMAN    DAVIS  89 

brigade  of  the  South  Carolina  division  of  the  United  Confederate 
veterans,  having  been  annually  elected  by  his  comrades  of  the 
state  for  the  past  seven  years. 

His  favorite  forms  of  exercise  and  amusement  are  horseback 
riding;  hunting;  shooting  with  gun,  rifle  and  pistol;  billiards, 
and  gardening,  with  floriculture.  He  is  identified  with  the  Bap- 
tist church. 

On  November  10,  1857,  he  married  Miss  Cornelia  Mclver; 
and  of  their  eight  children,  six  are  living  in  1907. 

The  wide  acquaintance,  the  public  spirit,  and  broad  interests 
of  General  Davis,  and  a  genial  capacity  for  friendship  with  men 
without  sacrifice  of  independence  and  personal  convictions,  have 
given  him  a  very  large  circle  of  acquaintances  and  friends  in  the 
city  with  which  his  life  has  been  for  three-score  years  so  closely 
identified. 


GEORGE  ROSWELL  DEAN 

DEAN,  GEORGE  ROSWELL,  was  born  in  the  post  village 
of  Calhoun,  Anderson  county,  South  Carolina,  January 
25,  1844.  He  was  the  son  of  Reverend  Charles  Pinckney 
Dean  and  Lucinda  Caroline  Horton.  The  immediate  ancestors 
of  his  parents  were  immigrants  from  Virginia,  where  the  for- 
bears of  his  father  were  located  at  Alexandria  as  early  as  1750. 
Adam  Broyls,  the  ancestor  of  his  mother,  was  of  German  birth 
and  one  of  the  settlers  at  the  historic  Germanna,  on  the  Rapid 
Ann  river,  in  Spottsylvania  county,  in  the  early  part  of  the 
eighteenth  century,  and  noted  as  the  seat  of  iron  manufacture  in 
Virginia  by  Governor  Alexander  Spotswood,  "the  Tubal  Cain  of 
America,"  who  brought  thither  from  Germany  many  operatives 
employed  by  him.  These  were  the  progenitors  of  many  of  the 
most  highly  respected  citizens  of  the  country.  In  religion  they 
were  members  of  the  Lutheran  church. 

The  father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  a  minister  in  the 
Baptist  denomination  and  served  acceptably  in  many  churches. 
He  was  noted  for  his  sincere  piety,  unobtrusive  charity,  kind- 
liness of  spirit  for  his  fellows,  and  devotion  to  his  family.  The 
mother  was  a  woman  of  fine  Christian  character,  and  her  influ- 
ence upon  her  son  was  beneficent  and  enduring. 

George  R.  Dean  was  a  healthy  and  robust  lad  and  fond  of 
outdoor  sports,  with  a  decided  ingenuity  in  mechanics.  His 
youth  was  passed  partly  in  the  village  of  his  birth  and  partly 
in  the  country,  as  the  residence  of  his  father  varied  with  his 
pastoral  charges.  The  tasks  of  the  lad  were  those  which  usually 
fall  upon  a  country  boy.  He  was  fond  of  reading,  and  was 
charmed  with  the  "Pilgrim's  Progress,"  and  later  with  the  lives 
of  heroes  and  great  commanders  of  the  past  and  present.  His 
primary  education  was  in  the  village  school  under  John  Wesley 
Leverett.  He  later  attended  Furman  university,  and  took  the 
degree  of  B.  A.  at  the  South  Carolina  Military  academy  in  1865. 
For  a  time  he  taught  school  at  Belton,  South  Carolina,  to  acquire 
means  for  continuing  his  education;  in  the  meantime  devoting 
his  spare  time  to  the  study  of  medicine.  He  attended  the  South 
Carolina  Medical  college  in  1866-67,  and  the  Jefferson  Medical 


GEORGE    ROSWELL   DEAN  91 

college,  at  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  in  1867-68,  and  was  grad- 
uated from  the  last-named  institution,  with  the  degree  of  M.  D., 
in  1868.  He  subsequently  attended  the  Polyclinic  class  at  Phila- 
delphia in  1889-90,  and  performed  bi-annual  hospital  work  in 
Philadelphia  and  New  York.  A  great  stimulant  to  success  in  his 
studies  and  professional  career  was  the  opposition  of  his  family 
and  friends  to  his  abandoning  life  on  a  farm  for  that  of  a 
physician. 

He  served  gallantly  in  the  Confederate  States  army,  rising 
from  a  private  soldier  to  the  command  of  a  company  with  the 
rank  of  captain. 

He  has  been  engaged  in  farming  and  the  practice  of  his 
profession,  and  has  won  honorable  recognition  as  a  citizen,  physi- 
cian, and  surgeon.  He  served  as  a  member  of  the  South  Carolina 
assembly,  1886-87.  He  has  been  the  censor  of  the  Medico- Chi- 
rurgical  college  since  1898,  and  served  as  president  of  the  South 
Carolina  Medical  association,  1902-03,  and  as  president  of  the 
South  Carolina  Regimental  surgeons,  1902-03.  He  is  also  a 
member  of  the  Masonic  fraternity,  of  the  order  of  Knights  and 
Ladies  of  Honor,  and  also  of  the  South  Carolina,  Southern,  the 
American  Medical,  and  the  American  Geographical  associations. 
In  1902-03  he  was  president  of  the  Association  of  Southern  Rail- 
way surgeons. 

In  religion  he  is  a  Baptist.  In  politics  he  has  been  constantly 
identified  with  the  Democratic  party,  and  he  has  been  zealous  in 
his  efforts  to  promote  the  best  interests  of  his  community,  state 
and  country.  While  he  holds  in  just  reprobation  the  despoilers 
of  his  state,  he  favors  the  enactment  of  stringent  laws  to  prevent 
peculation,  private  and  public,  and  deprecates  mob  violence, 
insisting  that  the  majesty  of  the  law  should  constrain  and  prevail. 

He  holds  that  the  way  to  success  in  life  is  by  adherence  to 
moral  precepts  and  pertinacity  of  purpose,  that  one  should  select 
his  profession  or  vocation  and  give  his  energies  persistently  to 
thorough  achievement. 

He  married,  December  16,  1868,  Hattie  E.  Camp,  daughter 
of  William  C.  and  Tabitha  (Harris)  Camp.  Ten  children  were 
born  to  them,  of  whom  five — four  daughters  and  one  son — are 
now  (1907)  living. 

His  address  is  112  North  Church  street,  Spartanburg,  South 
Carolina. 


JULIUS  DANIEL  DREHER 

DREHER,  JULIUS  DANIEL,  third  president  of  Roanoke 
college,  was  born  in  Lexington  county,  South  Carolina, 
October  28,  1846.    He  is  the  eldest  of  the  eleven  children 
—ten  sons  and  one  daughter — born  to  John  Jacob  and  Martha 
Elizabeth  (Counts)  Dreher.     His  ancestors  on  both  sides  of  the 
house  came  from  Germany  and  settled  in  the  counties  of  Lexing- 
ton and  Newberry  before  the  Revolutionary  war.     His  father 
was  a  man  of  influence  in  his  community,  a  planter  and  mill-: 
owner,  and  for  many  years  was  treasurer  of  the  Evangelical 
Lutheran  Synod  of  South  Carolina.      To  his  strong  religious 
nature  were  added  a   conscientiousness   and  thoroughness  that 
made  a  lasting  impress  upon  the  character  of  his  son. 

Julius  Dreher  spent  his  boyhood  in  the  country.  His  fond- 
ness for  books  and  study  had  to  be  restrained  for  fear  of  injury 
to  his  health.  He  continued  in  school,  however,  until  he  became 
of  military  age  in  1864,  when  he  enlisted  in  the  Confederate 
service,  where  he  remained  until  the  surrender  of  General  Joseph 
E.  Johnston,  at  Greensboro,  North  Carolina,  in  April,  1865.  His 
father's  home,  lying  in  the  line  of  Sherman's  march,  near  Colum- 
bia, was  desolated  like  so  many  others  of  that  fair  region.  In 
the  gloom  of  defeat,  and  in  the  face  of  reverses,  the  native  pluck 
and  the  generous  ambition  of  the  young  man  began  to  assert 
themselves.  He  determined  upon  a  college  education,  and  four 
years  were  spent  in  securing  the  necessary  means — part  of  two 
years  at  work  on  the  farm  and  in  his  father's  sawmill,  and  the 
rest  of  the  time  in  teaching  school  at  Pomaria,  South  Carolina. 
In  1869  he  entered  the  junior  class  at  Roanoke  college, 
Salem,  Virginia,  and  graduated  in  1871  with  the  degree  of  A.  B. 
Up  to  this  time,  and  indeed  later,  his  face  was  turned  to  the 
profession  of  law,  but,  immediately  upon  his  graduation,  his 
alma  mater,  recognizing  his  marked  ability,  offered  him  a  subor- 
dinate position  in  the  faculty.  This  he  accepted,  but  for  a  year 
he  pursued  privately  the  study  of  law  under  the  direction  of 
Professor  John  B.  Minor,  of  the  University  of  Virginia.  He 
was  later  advanced  to  the  position  of  assistant  professor  of 
ancient  languages,  and  still  later  to  that  of  professor  of  English 


JULIUS    DANIEL   DREHER  93 

language  and  literature.  The  latter  department  he  developed 
along  modern  lines,  and  laid  the  foundation  for  a  thorough 
English  course  in  the  college.  In  1875  he  was  made  financial 
secretary — a  position  which  brought  into  play  his  keen  business 
insight  and  his  remarkable  energy,  forces  then  much  needed,  for 
the  college  was  considerably  in  debt  and  had  no  endowment 
whatever.  Associated  with  Doctor  David  F.  Bittle,  the  first 
president  of  the  college,  and  entering  sympathetically  into  his 
plans,  he  caught  the  spirit  of  that  forceful  and  unselfish  man 
and  became  a  real  power  in  the  institution.  Doctor  Bittle  died 
in  1876,  and  was  succeeded  in  1877  by  Reverend  Thomas  W. 
Dosh,  D.  D.,  and  wThen  the  latter  resigned,  in  1878,  Professor 
Dreher  stood  forth  as  his  logical  successor.  He  was  elected  to 
the  position  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  he  came  to  it  as  one  of  the 
youngest  college  presidents  in  the  country.  From  that  time  until 
his  resignation,  in  1903,  after  a  quarter  of  a  century  of  loyal 
and  successful  service,  his  name  and  work  became  completely 
identified  with  Roanoke  college,  and,  in  a  broader  sphere,  with 
the  progress  of  education  in  the  South. 

Through  his  efforts  the  Bittle  Memorial  library  was  built  in 
1879,  to  be  greatly  extended  by  an  annex  in  1894.  The  number 
of  volumes  in  the  librarv  was  increased  to  23,000.  He  conceived 

*j 

a  broad  though  definite  policy  for  the  college,  looking  to  the 
enlargement  of  its  constituency,  the  securing  of  money  for  current 
expenses,  the  building  up  of  the  endowment  fund,  the  improve- 
ment of  its  teaching  force  and  facilities  for  instruction,  and  the 
modernizing  of  its  courses  of  study.  In  all  these  he  succeeded 
in  spite  of  difficulties  that  would  have  baffled  a  man  of  weaker 
faith  and  less  indomitable  will.  He  encouraged  instructors  to 
study  abroad  with  a  view  of  returning  to  the  college  as  pro- 
fessors. The  institution  thus  became  a  more  effective  teaching 
force  and  gathered  about  it  a  more  decided  literary  atmosphere. 
At  the  end  of  his  administration,  five  members  of  the  faculty 
had  had  an  aggregate  of  seventeen  years  of  post-graduate  work 
in  American  and  foreign  universities.  Through  his  influence 
the  college  became  favorably  known  throughout  the  country  and 
received  many  and  often  generous  gifts  and  bequests.  Patronage 
was  attracted  from  twenty-five  states  and  the  Indian  Territory, 
and  also  from  a  number  of  foreign  countries,  particularly  from 
Mexico,  Japan,  and  Korea.  Three-fifths  of  the  graduates  of 


94  JULIUS   DANIEL   DREHER 

the  college  up  to  1903  received  their  diplomas  at  the  hands  of 
President  Dreher,  and  he  was  personally  acquainted  with  every 
alumnus.  Through  his  acquaintance  with  students  from  the 
Orient  and  with  Japanese,  Chinese,  and  Korean  officials,  who  at 
various  times  visited  the  college  on  his  invitation,  he  became 
deeply  interested  in  the  development  of  those  countries. 

Doctor  Dreher  has  traveled  in  every  state  and  territory  in 
the  Union,  has  visited  Alaska,  and  has  made  one  tour  in  Europe. 
He  has  an  unusually  wide  acquaintance  among  men  of  distinc- 
tion in  all  walks  of  life,  particularly  among  those  engaged  or 
interested  in  educational  work.  He  has  been  a  member  of  many 
associations  and  conferences  that  had  in  view  the  promotion  of 
education,  of  international  arbitration,  and  the  social  and  moral 
betterment  of  all  classes,  including  the  Indian  and  Negro,  and 
has  been  for  years  a  vice-president  of  the  Indian  Industries 
league. 

There  are  few,  if  any,  men  in  the  South  better  informed 
than  he  in  regard  to  the  educational  movements  in  our  country 
since  the  War  between  the  States.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Provisional  committee  which  in  1898  called,  and  aided  in  organ- 
izing, the  Conference  for  Education  in  the  South.  He  has 
manifested  much  interest  in  the  improvement  of  library  facilities 
in  the  Southern  schools  and  towns.  He  has  written  much  on 
education  and  kindred  themes,  on  the  training  of  Japanese, 
Korean,  and  Choctaw  Indian  students  at  Roanoke,  and  on  ques- 
tions of  public  interest,  particularly  in  condemnation  of  lynching 
and  all  forms  of  lawlessness.  Besides  his  inaugural  address,  he 
has  published  many  others,  including  "College  Endowments," 
delivered  before  the  Educational  Association  of  Virginia;  "The 
Benevolent  Spirit  and  Higher  Education,"  before  the  same  body ; 
"Colleges  North  and  Colleges  South,"  before  the  National  Edu- 
cational association ;  "Education  in  the  South,"  before  the  Amer- 
ican Social  Science  association;  "Public  Libraries  as  a  Means  of 
Popular  Education,"  before  the  Conference  on  Race  Problems; 
"Education  During  and  After  School  Days,"  before  the  Confer- 
ence for  Education  in  the  South;  and  "The  Education  of  the 
Negro  in  the  South,"  before  the  Southern  Educational  association. 

Doctor  Dreher  believes  that  one  of  the  most  important  prin- 
ciples that  can  be  instilled  into  the  minds  of  young  Americans 
is  the  lesson  so  constantly  pressed  upon  him  by  his  father,  that 


JULIUS    DANIEL    DREHER  95 

whatever  is  worth  doing  at  all  is  worth  doing  well.  That  he 
learned  this  lesson  thoroughly  appears  in  all  that  he  does.  No 
man  is  more  careful  even  of  minute  details  than  he.  But  in 
analyzing  his  career  and  accounting  for  his  success,  there  must 
be  associated  with  this  habit  of  thoroughness  his  concentrated 
energy  of  purpose,  his  executive  ability,  his  polished  address,  his 
broad  grasp  of  principles,  and  his  high  standard  of  honor  and 
integrity. 

In  a  career  crowded  with  arduous  duties,  Doctor  Dreher  has 
never  neglected  the  amenities  of  life.  With  the  social  instinct 
well  developed,  and  with  an  immense  fund  of  anecdote  and  inci- 
dent, he  is  everywhere  a  welcome  visitor,  and  nowhere  more  so 
than  where  there  are  children.  For  relaxation  he  relishes  a  good 
novel,  and  he  enjoys  an  occasional  jaunt  with  rod  and  line. 
While  deeply  interested  in  politics,  he  prefers  to  be  independent 
of  strict  party  lines.  In  his  religious  views  also  he  is  equally 
broad,  though  he  has  been  a  lifelong  member  of  the  church  of 
his  ancestors — the  Evangelical  Lutheran.  For  many  years  he 
has  been  a  vice-president  of  the  Evangelical  Alliance  for  the 
United  States,  and  he  has  always  taken  a  lively  interest  in  the 
work  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  association. 

Doctor  Dreher's  mother,  a  woman  of  strong  character  and 
energetic  nature,  is  still  (1907)  living.  Seven  of  her  eight  living 
sons  were  educated  at  Roanoke  college,  and  she  may  well  be 
proud  of  the  contribution  of  her  family  to  the  cause  of  education. 
One  son  has  taught  at  Selwood,  South  Carolina,  for  years; 
another  has  been  for  twelve  years  superintendent  of  the  city 
schools  of  Columbia,  South  Carolina;  and  a  third,  now  corre- 
spondent of  the  Associated  Press  in  Berlin,  Germany,  taught  for 
some  time  in  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology. 

In  addition  to  other  honors  that  have  come  to  him,  Doctor 
Dreher  received  in  1874,  from  Roanoke  college,  the  degree  of 
A.  M. ;  in  1881,  from  Williams  college,  Massachusetts,  the  degree 
of  Ph.  D. ;  and  in  1905,  from  his  alma  mater,  the  degree  of 
LL.  D.,  being  the  first  alumnus  upon  whom  she  bestowed  this 
honor.  His  resignation  at  the  Semi-Centennial  of  the  college  in 
1903  was  the  occasion  for  words  of  the  highest  commendation 
on  the  part  of  the  newspapers  North  and  South,  and  of  tributes 
by  distinguished  commencement  speakers,  such  as  Governor 


96  JULIUS    DANIEL    DREHER 

Montague,  of  Virginia;  President  Dabney,  then  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Tennessee;  President  Denny,  of  Washington  and  Lee 
university;  and  Professor  Charles  W.  Kent,  of  the  University 
of  Virginia. 

In  the  report  of  the  United  States  Commissioner  of  Educa- 
tion for  1903,  pages  1313-1314,  an  appreciative  tribute  is  paid 
to  Doctor  Dreher's  work  for  Roanoke  college  and  the  cause  of 
higher  education. 

During  the  summer  following  his  resignation,  Doctor  Dreher 
continued  in  the  service  of  the  college  in  order  to  prosecute 
further  the  work  of  enlarging  and  remodeling  the  main  building, 
an  enterprise  set  on  foot  and  carried  far  toward  completion 
through  his  efforts.  After  that,  although  not  lacking  opportu- 
nities to  engage  in  other  work,  he  resided  at  his  ancestral  home 
at  Selwood,  South  Carolina,  devoting  the  greater  part  of  his 
time  to  reading,  study  and  writing,  until  he  was  appointed,  on 
August  2,  1906,  a  consul  at  Tahiti,  Society  Islands,  by  President 
Roosevelt,  whom  Doctor  Dreher  has  known  personally  for  some 
years. 

On  September  5,  1906,  Doctor  Dreher  married  Miss  Emeline 
Kirtland  Richmond,  of  Richmond  Hill,  Scranton,  Pennsylvania, 
who  was  educated  at  Vassar  college,  and  Avho,  like  her  husband, 
has  traveled  extensively  in  America  and  in  foreign  lands. 

Doctor  Dreher  entered  upon  his  duties  at  Tahiti,  October 
30,  1906.  He  will  there  have  an  opportunity  to  continue,  under 
favorable  conditions,  the  study  of  ethnology,  to  which  he  has 
long  devoted  special  attention.  His  whole  life  work  has  proved 
his  deep  interest  in  the  solution  of  that  question  of  race-traits 
and  race-relations  which  is  so  intensely  vital  to  the  future  of 
the  United  States. 


WILLIAM  WALLACE  DUNCAN 

DUNCAN,  WILLIAM  WALLACE,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  clergy- 
man and  bishop  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
South,  was  born  December  20,  1839,  at  Boydton,  Meck- 
lenburg county,  Virginia;  the  son  of  David  Duncan  and  Alice 
Amanda  Needier  (Piedmont)  Duncan.  His  father  was  a  teacher, 
devoted  to  his  work,  not  merely  as  a  duty,  but  as  a  delight,  and 
with  those  characteristics  of  personal  habit  and  punctuality  which 
are  essential  in  that  calling;  while  the  mother  had  no  less 
influence  on  the  intellectual  as  well  as  the  moral  and  spiritual 
training  of  the  boy.  He  was  a  genuine  boy,  healthy  in  body, 
fond  of  the  outdoor  life  of  his  country  and  village  homes,  but 
also  a  great  reader,  especially  interested  in  literature,  history, 
biography,  and  poetry,  as  well  as  in  books  on  religion  and  morals. 
Under  such  conditions  it  was  inevitable  that  he  should  have 
an  education;  and  fortunately  the  way  to  one  was  not  as  hard 
as  it  is  with  some.  He  studied  at  the  preparatory  school  of 
Randolph-Macon  college,  and  entering  WoiTord  college  at  Spar- 
tanburg,  South  Carolina,  he  was  graduated  in  June,  1858,  at  the 
age  of  eighteen.  A  strong  sense  of  duty  made  him  choose  the 
ministry  as  his  profession;  and  the  year  after  graduation  he 
was  admitted  to  the  Virginia  annual  conference  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  South,  and  was  stationed  at  Elizabeth  City, 
North  Carolina. 

During  nearly  all  the  time  of  the  War  between  the  States  he 
served  as  chaplain  in  the  Confederate  army,  and  then  returned 
to  service  in  the  pulpit.  After  occupying  several  stations,  in  1875 
he  was  elected  professor  of  metaphysics  in  Wofford  college  and 
remained  there  until  1886,  when  he  was  elected  a  bishop  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  South.  He  received  the  degree  of 
D.  D.  from  Emory  college,  Georgia,  and  Central  college,  Mis- 
souri, in  1880,  and  that  of  LL.  D.  from  Trinity  college,  North 
Carolina,  in  1903.  In  politics  he  has  always  been  a  loyal  member 
of  the  Democratic  party. 

On  March  19,  1861,  he  was  married  to  Medora  Rice,  daugh- 
ter of  Benjamin  Herndon  and  Caroline  Wallace  Rice,  of  Union, 


98  WILLIAM    WALLACE   DUNCAN 

South  Carolina.  They  have  had  three  children,  all  of  whom  are 
(1907)  living. 

Respect  for  the  rights  of  others,  strict  attention  to  one's  own 
duties,  and  constant  maintenance  of  absolute  trustworthiness,  as 
taught  by  his  parents,  he  commends  to  young  men  of  the  present 
day  as,  in  his  belief,  the  basis  of  true  success  in  life. 

His  present  address  is  Number  155,  North  Church  street, 
Spartanburg,  South  Carolina. 


PUBLIC  LlBRARi 


- 
^ ••-  ..-   -    J7.  £7 . 


JOHN  DANIEL  EIDSON 

EIDSON,  JOHN  DANIEL,  farmer  and  merchant,  was 
born  in  Edgefield,  South  Carolina,  December  3,  1845. 
His  parents  were  James  Russell  and  Caroline  (Bouk- 
night)  Eidson.  His  father  was  highly  esteemed  for  kindness 
and  liberality  and  served  his  community  as  trial  justice,  school 
trustee,  and  captain  of  a  company  of  militia. 

In  early  life  John  Eidson  was  strong  and  well.  His  home 
was  in  the  country,  and,  while  he  liked  his  books,  he  was  fond 
of  horses  and  of  outdoor  life.  After  he  became  large  enough  to 
help  on  the  farm  he  had  regular,  but  not  excessive,  tasks  to 
perform.  He  attended  the  schools  near  his  home  until  he  was 
fifteen  years  of  age,  when  the  War  between  the  States  broke  out 
and  he  entered  the  Confederate  States  army,  in  which  he  served 
for  three  years.  Returning  from  the  war,  he  had  no  opportunity 
to  continue  his  education,  but  commenced  work  as  a  farmer  under 
the  guidance  of  his  father.  In  1868  he  taught  school,  but  a  year 
later  he  gave  up  his  position  and  became  a  merchant.  In  con- 
nection with  the  business  of  the  store  he  also  carried  on  the  work 
of  farming,  and  he  has  been  continuously  engaged  in  these  lines 
until  the  present  time.  Some  years  ago  he  added  brokerage  to 
his  other  interests,  and  it  has  grown  to  considerable  importance. 
He  owns  and  controls  two  four-gin  outfits,  the  Hunger  &  Smith 
systems  (up-to-date  in  every  respect)  ;  one  in  the  town  of  John- 
ston, and  the  other  about  one  mile  east  of  that  place.  He  is  also 
proprietor  of  the  Johnston  Roller  Flour  mills,  located  in  the 
town  of  Johnston,  and  one  of  the  largest  flour  mill  properties  in 
the  state.  His  natural  ability,  together  with  close  application 
to  business  and  strictly  honest  dealing,  has  brought  him  great 
success  and  given  him  an  enviable  reputation.  In  January,  1907, 
he  was  elected  president  of  the  Bank  of  Johnston,  a  strong 
financial  institution. 

He  has  been  warden  and  intendant  of  his  home  town  (John- 
ston), and  president  of  the  Johnston  Educational  Joint  Stock 
company.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order,  a  past  dictator 
in  the  Knights  of  Honor,  and  a  past  chancellor  commander  in 
the  Knights  of  Pythias.  In  politics  he  has  not  been  an  active 


102  JOHN    DANIEL   EIDSON 

worker,  and  has  never  held  or  sought  public  office,  but  he  votes 
regularly  with  the  Democratic  party.  His  religious  connection 
is  with  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  South,  in  which  he  is 
an  active  and  efficient  worker,  and  has  held  the  offices  of  steward 
and  district  steward. 

In  estimating  the  relative  strength  of  various  influences 
which  have  been  helpful  in  his  efforts  to  win  success,  he  places 
contact  with  men  in  active  life  first  of  all.  As  in  boyhood  days, 
he  still  enjoys  getting  out  of  doors,  and  has  a  marked  taste  for 
fine  horses,  of  which  he  keeps  several  at  his  farm.  For  recre- 
ation he  chooses  traveling,  and  by  this  means  he  has  become 
acquainted  with  a  large  section  of  the  country. 

Mr.  Eidson  is  interested  in  all  the  great  movements  of  the 
day,  and  especially  those  which  tend  to  the  betterment  of  the 
conditions  under  which  we  live.  He  believes  that  righteousness 
should  be  both  preached  and  practiced,  and  in  response  to  a 
request  that  he  would  make  some  suggestions  regarding  the 
habits,  methods,  and  principles  which  in  his  opinion  will  help 
the  youthful  readers  of  his  biography  to  attain  success,  he  says: 
"Young  men  should  strive  to  be  independent  by  seeking  positions 
of  usefulness,  honestly  performing  duty,  never  shirking,  and 
never  using  intoxicating  liquors  or  tobacco  in  any  form." 

On  December  18,  1873,  Mr.  Eidson  was  married  to  Miss 
Anna  Herbert.  Of  their  four  children,  three  are  living  in  1907. 

The  postoffice  address  is  Johnston,  Edgefield  county,  South 
Carolina. 


1KB 

PUBLIC  LIBRA! 


- 


PHILIP  ALBERT  EMANUEL 

E MANUEL,  PHILIP  ALBERT,  son  of  Simon  and  Maria 
Cochrane  Emanuel,  was  born  at  Brownsville,  Marlboro 
county,  South  Carolina,  May  3,  1847.  His  father  was  a 
merchant  and  planter.  For  forty  years  he  was  captain  of  militia 
and  postmaster  of  his  village.  He  was  noted  for  uprightness 
of  character  and  business  integrity.  His  political  influence  was 
weighty.  He  also  exerted  great  influence  in  the  religious  circles 
of  his  community.  At  the  time  of  his  death  he  was  deacon  in 
the  Baptist  church  of  Brownsville.  On  his  father's  side,  Mr. 
Emanuel's  earliest  known  ancestors  came  to  America  from  Eng- 
land; on  his  mother's  side,  they  were  Scotch-Irish.  The  history 
of  his  mother's  family  is  found  in  "Thomas's  History  of  Marl- 
boro." Many  of  the  relatives  of  his  mother  were  distinguished 
in  the  Revolutionary  war. 

From  childhood,  Philip  Emanuel  was  subject  to  severe 
attacks  of  asthma.  He  was  a  lover  of  books  from  an  early  age, 
and  a  great  reader  of  all  kinds  of  literature  and  of  science.  His 
early  life,  until  he  was  fourteen  or  fifteen  years  of  age,  was 
passed  at  Brownsville.  He  was  reared  on  a  farm  and  learned  to 
plough  and  hoe,  and  also  to  keep  his  father's  mercantile  and  post- 
office  accounts.  His  mother's  influence  on  his  intellectual,  moral 
and  spiritual  life  was  notable. 

Up  to  the  beginning  of  the  war  young  Emanuel  studied  in 
Brownsville  academy  and  in  a  private  school.  These  studies  he 
followed  with  a  course  at  Hillsboro  Military  academy.  Through- 
out his  course  he  read  omniverously,  devouring  religious,  politi- 
cal, philosophical,  and  scientific  works,  as  well  as  other  lighter 
reading.  His  reading  taught  him  that  an  ambition  to  rise  to 
the  issues  of  life  and  meet  them  like  a  man  is  noble.  This  he 
has  endeavored,  step  by  step,  to  do,  though  conscious  that  his 
health  and  environment  had  placed  limitations  upon  his  probable 
success.  He  was  among  the  leaders  in  forming  a  cadet  company, 
rebelling,  and  leaving  Hillsboro,  North  Carolina,  Military  insti- 
tute, for  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  in  the  late  summer  of  1863. 
That  was  the  end  of  his  schooling. 


106  PHILIP   ALBERT   EMANUEL 

During  the  War  between  the  States,  Mr.  Emanuel  was  a 
member  of  the  Washington  Light  infantry,  Company  A,  Hamp- 
ton legion,  Gary's  brigade,  Army  of  Northern  Virginia.  After 
the  surrender  of  Lee's  army  at  Appomattox,  in  1865,  Mr. 
Emanuel  began  clerking  for  Francis  Murphy,  in  Charleston, 
South  Carolina.  In  1876  he  commenced  the  study  of  law  on  his 
plantation  on  John's  Island.  In  February  or  March,  1877,  he 
removed  to  Aiken,  read  law  under  D.  S.  Henderson  a  few  months 
and,  in  1877,  was  admitted  to  practice  at  the  bar.  However,  he 
did  not  confine  himself  to  the  practice  of  law.  He  planted,  and 
operated  a  cotton  mill  and  gins  on  John's  Island  until  1877,  his 
brand  of  cotton  being  regarded  with  favor  in  Europe.  He  was 
one  of  the  founders  of,  and  is  now  (1907)  attorney  for,  the 
recently  organized  Farmers  and  Merchants  Bank  of  Aiken,  South 
Carolina. 

Mr.  Emanuel  has  been  a  deacon  and  is  now  an  elder  in  the 
Presbyterian  church.  He  has  never  cared  for  political  life  as  it 
has  existed  in  South  Carolina  since  1877.  He  was  a  member  of 
the  State  Democratic  convention  which  sent  delegates  to  Chicago 
to  nominate  Grover  Cleveland.  He  has  served  as  mayor  of 
Aiken.  During  his  term  he  helped  to  bring  about  the  electric 
railway  connection  with  Augusta,  Georgia.  His  administration 
disentangled  the  finances  of  his  city  and  placed  its  credit  upon 
a  solid  basis. 

Mr.  Emanuel  has  also  been  interested  in  practical  science. 
He  discovered  that  sulphate  of  aluminum  and  sulphur  heated 
together  in  a  closed  retort  produced  a  remarkably  good  quality 
of  oxide  of  aluminum,  and  the  sulphur  could  be  recovered  as 
sulphurous  oxide  (or  acid  gas).  This  process  he  patented  about 
1890.  In  1898  he  also  patented  in  the  United  States  and  Europe 
improved  galvanic  batteries.  In  order  to  develop  manufactures 
of  products  of  Aiken  county  clays  into  alumina,  he  demonstrated 
in  a  laboratory  the  practicability  of  his  method.  The  panic  in 
1893  compelled  him  to  abandon  his  investigations,  but,  before 
doing  so,  he  convinced  himself  that  the  clay  mines  of  South 
Carolina  would,  in  the  future,  become  the  basis  of  an  immense 
investment  of  capital,  the  only  problem  being  that  of  available 
fuel  supply. 

Mr.  Emanuel  has  been  commander  of  Barnard  E.  Camp 
No.  84,  United  Confederate  veterans,  but  declined  reelection.  He 


PHILIP   ALBERT   EMANUEL  107 

has  since  been  elected  colonel  of  the  regiment  composed  of  all  the 
camps  of  United  Confederate  veterans  of  Aiken  county,  South 
Carolina.  He  is  a  Democrat  in  politics.  His  relaxation  is  found 
in  field  sports  of  all  kinds.  His  ideal  in  life  has  been  not  so 
much  to  shine  in  any  profession  as  to  make  the  most  of  the 
opportunity  afforded  by  his  environment  to  be  a  useful  member 
of  human  society.  He  has  been  ambitious  to  make  his  life  a 
success,  but  to  be  a  good,  rather  than  a  great,  man.  His  biogra- 
phy has  been  published  by  Garlington  and  others. 

On  December  24,  1868,  he  married  Miss  Amelia  Josephine 
Wilson,  daughter  of  Major  I.  K.  Wilson. 

His  address  is  Aiken,  South  Carolina. 


VoL  I— 8.  0.— 6 


E 


JOHN  GARY  EVANS 

>VANS,  JOHN  GARY,  lawyer,  legislator,  veteran  of  the 
Spanish  war,  ex-governor  of  South  Carolina,  was  born 
at  Abbeville,  October  15,  1863.  His  father  was  Nathan 
George  Evans,  a  soldier,  who  neither  sought  nor  held  any  public 
office,  and  whose  most  marked  characteristic  his  son  declares  to 
be  that  he  was  "a  fighter."  His  mother  was  Ann  Victoria  Gary, 
and  her  son  feels  that  her  influence  was  strong  upon  his  intel- 
lectual development  and  in  his  moral  and  spiritual  life.  A  full 
genealogy  of  the  Evans  family  has  been  compiled  by  James 
Evans,  of  Philadelphia. 

Passing  his  boyhood  in  a  village,  and  possessed  of  fairly 
good  health,  he  found  his  two  strongest  tastes  and  interests 
during  childhood  in  books  and  fishing.  While  Governor  Evans, 
like  other  boys  who  were  born  at  about  the  time  of  the  War 
between  the  States,  was  trained  to  the  performance  of  "chores 
about  the  house,"  he  does  not  think  that  this  had  any  particular 
effect  either  way  upon  his  character. 

By  the  easy  circumstances  of  his  family,  the  way  to  a  liberal 
education  was  opened  to  him  without  the  need  of  work  by  him 
for  self-support.  He  was  prepared  for  college  at  Cokesbury 
Conference  school.  He  entered  Union  college  at  Schenectady, 
New  York;  but  left  that  institution  in  his  junior  year.  His 
habits  of  reading  were  already  formed;  and  from  his  boyhood 
he  had  found  especial  delight  in  history,  biography,  and  essays. 
The  law  as  a  profession  was  his  own  personal  choice;  and  he 
began  the  study  of  law  as  a  clerk  in  the  office  of  his  uncle, 
William  T.  Gary,  in  Augusta,  Georgia.  He  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  of  South  Carolina  in  1887,  and  settled  in  Aiken,  South 
Carolina. 

In  1888  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  house  of  represen- 
tatives of  South  Carolina,  and  in  1890  he  was  reflected,  from 
Aiken.  In  1892  he  was  elected  (still  from  Aiken)  to  the  state 
senate,  where  he  served  for  two  years.  In  1894  he  was  chosen 
governor  of  South  Carolina,  serving  until  1897.  In  1895  he  was 
elected  president  of  the  State  Constitutional  convention. 


JOHN    GARY   EVANS  109 

At  the  breaking  out  of  the  war  with  Spain,  in  1898, 
Governor  Evans  was  commissioned  major  in  the  United  States 
volunteer  service.  He  served  on  the  staff  of  Major-General 
Keifer.  Transferred  to  Havana,  on  the  staff  of  Major-General 
Ludlow,  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  the  city  government  of 
Havana.  He  organized  the  first  court  after  the  American  order 
in  those  islands.  He  was  commissioned  May  12,  1898,  and  was 
mustered  out  in  May,  1899. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Democratic  party.  He  has  been  for 
years  a  director  of  the  Bank  of  Aiken,  and  a  director  of  the 
Carolina  and  Georgia  railway. 

He  is  a  Mason,  a  Knight  of  Pythias,  a  Woodman  of  the 
World,  and  a  member  of  the  Order  of  Red  Men.  In  college  he 
was  a  member  of  the  Delta  Phi  fraternity;  and  he  is  now  a 
member  of  the  Union  College  Alumni  club,  of  the  Delta  Phi  club, 
of  the  Waterbury  club,  and  of  the  South  Carolina  Historical 

«/  / 

society.  He  is  an  attendant  upon  the  services  of  the  Episcopal 
church.  His  favorite  modes  of  exercise  and  amusement  are  fish- 
ing, horseback  riding,  and  planting  and  gardening. 

Governor  Evans  places  the  influence  of  his  early  home  first 
in  importance  in  shaping  his  later  life.  He  says:  "I  came  in 
contact  there  with  men  in  active  life  who  stimulated  my  ambi- 
tion, and  with  women  who  were  proud  of  my  successes.  Private 
study  was  made  necessary,  and  furnished  the  weapons  for  later 
contests."  Questioned  as  to  the  source  of  his  first  strong  impulse 
to  win  political  prizes,  he  writes:  "I  was  always  ambitious.  I 
entered  politics  from  a  deep  sense  of  the  injustice  done  my  uncle, 
M.  W.  Gary,  by  the  ring  of  politicians  in  South  Carolina;  but 
afterwards  I  became  deeply  interested  in  the  problems  which 
concerned  us  in  our  state." 

Governor  Evans  was  married  on  December  15,  1897,  to  Miss 
Emily  Mansfield  Plume,  daughter  of  David  Scott  Plume  and 
Abbie  Cameron  Plume,  of  Waterbury,  Connecticut.  They  have 
had  one  child. 

Their  residence  is  Spartanburg,  South  Carolina. 


CLAUDIUS  CYPRIAN  FEATHERSTONE 

FEATHEKSTONE,  CLAUDIUS  CYPRIAN,  lawyer,  and 
in  1898  candidate  for  governor  of  South  Carolina,  was 
born  at  Laurens,  South  Carolina,  December  1,  1864.  His 
father,  J.  C.  C.  Featherstone,  was  an  attorney  at  law  and  a 
member  of  the  legislature  of  South  Carolina ;  and  his  son  speaks 
of  him  as  characterized  by  "thoroughness  and  conscientiousness." 

The  earliest  American  ancestors  of  the  family  were  two 
brothers  Featherstone,  who  emigrated  from  London  to  Virginia, 
settling  in  Culpeper  county. 

His  early  years  were  passed  in  Anderson,  South  Carolina. 
In  his  boyhood  he  was  trained  to  the  performance  of  certain 
regular  tasks  which  involved  manual  labor.  His  opportunities 
for  study  in  school  were  restricted.  He  was  compelled  to  leave 
the  high  school  before  graduation  and  to  engage  in  work  for 
self-support.  When  he  was  sixteen  he  entered  a  printing  office 
and  spent  a  year  in  learning  that  trade,  but  the  fact  that  his 
father  was  a  lawyer,  and  the  vivid  impression  made  upon  him 
by  scenes  which  he  witnessed  as  a  boy  in  the  county  court-house 
while  court  was  in  session,  inclined  him  strongly  to  the  study 
of  the  law. 

After  a  year  in  the  printing  office  he  became  a  clerk  in  a 
mercantile  establishment,  engaging  in  that  occupation  from  the 
time  he  was  seventeen  until  he  was  twenty.  The  study  of  law 
then  engaged  his  attention  and  filled  his  time;  and  after  he  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  he  took  up  the  practice  of  law  at  Laurens, 
South  Carolina,  in  1887. 

Mr.  Featherstone  has  never  held  political  office.  He  was  a 
trustee  of  the  graded  schools  of  Laurens  for  a  number  of  years, 
and  in  1898  he  was  a  candidate  for  governor  of  South  Carolina. 
He  failed  of  election  by  less  than  four  thousand  votes. 

In  his  political  convictions  and  relations  he  has  always  been 
identified  with  the  Democratic  party,  giving  his  hearty  allegi- 
ance to  the  measures  and  the  candidates  of  that  organization. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Church,  South,  and  is 
steward  of  the  Methodist  church  at  Laurens,  and  superintendent 
of  the  Sunday  school  of  that  church. 


CLAUDIUS    CYPRIAN    FEATHERSTONE  111 

On  October  10,  1903,  he  married  Miss  Lura  Lucretia  Pitts. 
They  have  had  three  children,  all  of  whom  are  living  in  1907. 

Mr.  Featherstone  is  a  Mason,  and  a  member  of  the  Knights 
of  Pythias.  He  finds  amusement  and  exercise  in  horseback 
riding,  hunting,  and  fishing.  As  suggestions  to  young  Ameri- 
cans designed  to  promote  their  true  success  in  life,  he  writes: 
"Honesty  and  perseverance  and  hard  work  are  the  requisites  to 
success  in  life.  My  advice  to  young  men  is,  be  sober,  honest  and 
industrious.  This  will  insure  you  true  success.  Without  these 
virtues,  success  is  not  possible." 

The  address  of  Mr.  Featherstone  is  Laurens,  South  Carolina. 

ft 


JOHN  FREDERICK  FICKEN 

FICKEN,   JOHN   FREDERICK,   the   only   son   of   John 
Frederick  and  Rebecca  (Beversen)  Ficken,  was  born  in 
Charleston,  South  Carolina,  June  16,  1843.     His  parents 
were  natives  of  Hanover,  Prussia,  who  settled  in  Charleston  early 
in  the  nineteenth  century.     His  father  was  a  merchant,  who  was 
highly  successful,  his  probity  and  ability  justly  securing  him 
universal  esteem. 

The  son,  after  having  the  advantages  of  the  best  private 
schools  of  his  native  city,  matriculated  as  a  student  in  the 
College  of  Charleston.  The  momentous  struggle  of  the  South 
for  constitutional  rights  began  during  his  collegiate  course,  and 
he  was  soon  enrolled  in  the  Confederate  States  army  in  the 
defence  of  his  section,  serving  efficiently  when  needed  at  various 
times  in  the  vicinity  of  Charleston  and  Georgetown,  on  Sullivan's 
Island,  and  at  Fort  Johnson  in  Charleston  harbor.  He  subse- 
quently became  a  member  of  the  German  artillery,  Company  B, 
under  command  of  Captain  Franz  Melchers,  and  served  with 
that  company  at  Battery  White,  near  Georgetown,  South  Caro- 
lina. By  a  special  order  of  the  secretary  of  war,  he,  and  other 
members  of  his  college  class,  were  for  a  few  months  detached 
from  service  in  the  field  to  enable  them  to  complete  their  college 
course,  being  momentarily  subject  to  recall.  In  the  meanwhile 
they  performed  garrison  duty  in  Charleston  as  occasion  required. 
He  was  graduated  from  the  College  of  Charleston  with  the 
degree  of  A.  B.,  in  1864,  and  at  once  rejoined  his  command  at 
Battery  White,  but  his  health  from  childhood  being  delicate, 
gave  way,  and  he  was  detailed  for  duty  at  the  headquarters  of 
Major- General  Samuel  Jones,  commanding  the  department  of 
South  Carolina,  Georgia  and  Florida,  and  served  in  this  position 
continuously  under  the  several  department  commanders  until  the 
dissolution  of  the  department  by  the  conclusion  of  hostilities. 

The  pious  counsels  of  his  devoted  mother  had  a  potent  influ- 
ence with  him  in  directing  his  energies.  He  was  a  close  student, 
and  fond  of  reading,  his  preference  being  for  works  of  history. 
He  early  decided  upon  the  profession  of  law,  and  after  the  close 
of  the  war  he  entered  upon  its  study  in  the  office  of  the  late 


''ifrta  Lj&mpsrtZA. 


JOHN    FREDERICK    FICKEN  115 

Colonel  John  Phillips,  in  Charleston.  In  1869  he  went  abroad 
and  took  a  course  in  civil  law  in  the  University  of  Berlin; 
returning  to  Charleston  in  1870,  he  commenced  the  practice  of 
law.  His  alma  mater,  the  College  of  Charleston,  conferred  on 
him  the  degree  of  Master  of  Arts  the  same  year. 

In  politics  Mr.  Ficken  has  been  a  consistent  Democrat  and 
constant  in  his  advocacy  of  the  best  interests  of  his  native  state, 
his  party,  and  his  country  as  he  held  each.  In  1877  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  house  of  representatives  of  the  state  of 
South  Carolina,  in  which  he  served  continuously  and  acceptably 
until  his  resignation,  in  December,  1891,  to  enter  upon  the  duties 
of  mayor  of  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  to  which  he  had  been 
elected  for  the  term  of  four  years,  at  the  conclusion  of  which  he 
declined  to  become  a  candidate  for  reelection.  His  administra- 
tion was  a  progressive  one,  his  final  review  presenting  the  city 
as  materially  prosperous  and  in  an  improved  financial  condition. 

He  has  been  a  consistent  member  of  the  Lutheran  church, 
with  which  his  ancestors  were  identified. 

Of  a  social  nature,  he  has  cheerfully  given  his  influence  for 
good  when  he  deemed  it  opportune.  He  is  a  member  and  an 
ex-president  of  the  German  Friendly  society  of  Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  a  time-honored  organization  founded  in  1766.  He  is 
also  prominent  in  the  Masonic  fraternity,  having  attained  the 
thirty-third  degree  of  the  Scottish  Rite.  His  determination,  as 
he  states  it,  "to  be  true  to  his  own  manhood,  honest  in  all  his 
dealings  with  others,  and  to  strive  for  thoroughness  in  every 
work  undertaken,"  has  secured  the  legitimate  result — success  and 
the  esteem  of  his  fellow-citizens.  He  has  served  as  a  member 
of  several  State  Democratic  conventions,  and  was  a  member  of 
the  National  Democratic  convention  which  met  at  St.  Louis, 
Missouri,  in  1876,  and  which  body  nominated  Samuel  J.  Tilden 
for  the  presidency  of  the  United  States.  Mr.  Ficken  is  president 
of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  College  of  Charleston,  a  trustee 
of  Newberry  college,  of  South  Carolina,  and  of  the  Medical 
college  of  South  Carolina. 

In  1902  he  accepted  the  presidency  of  the  South  Carolina 
Loan  and  Trust  company,  which  financial  position  he  still  (1907) 
holds,  and  also  continues  in  the  practice  of  his  chosen  profession 
as  a  member  of  the  law  firm  of  Ficken,  Hughes  &  Ficken. 


116  JOHN    FREDERICK   FICKEN 

Mr.  Ficken  has  been  twice  married;  first,  on  May  30,  1871, 
to  Margaret  B.  Horlbeck,  daughter  of  Henry  Horlbeck,  Esquire, 
of  Charleston,  South  Carolina.  She  died  in  1873,  leaving  one 
child,  Henry  Horlbeck  Ficken,  who  is  now  associated  with  his 
father  in  the  practice  of  law.  Mr.  Ficken  married  second,  on 
January  12,  1887,  Emma  Julia  Blum,  only  daughter  of  the  late 
Colonel  J.  C.  Blum,  of  Charleston,  South  Carolina. 

His  address  is  94  Rutledge  avenue,  Charleston,  Charleston 
county,  South  Carolina. 


F 


ALFRED  HARRISON  FOSTER 

>OSTER,  ALFRED  HARRISON,  merchant  and  planter, 
was  born  in  Union  county,  December  7,  1835,  the  son 
of  Joseph  Foster  and  Minerva  Margery  (Means)  Foster. 
His  father's  occupation  was  that  which  the  son  has  followed, 
merchandising  and  planting.  The  earliest  known  ancestor  of  the 
family  in  America  was  Reginald  Foster,  who  came  from  England 
and  settled  in  Ipswich,  Massachusetts,  about  1638.  One  of  his 
descendants,  Abiel  Foster  (the  grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch),  was  a  graduate  of  Harvard  college  and  a  member  of 
the  house  of  representatives,  and  later  of  the  senate  of  New 
Hampshire,  and  president  of  the  senate;  a  member  of  congress 
from  New  Hampshire  for  several  terms,  and  distinguished  by 
the  close  personal  friendship  of  General  Washington.  Abiel 
Foster  was  present  when  Washington  resigned  his  commission 
in  1783,  and  his  face  is  depicted  in  Trumbull's  picture  in  the 
rotunda  of  the  capitol  at  Washington.  His  great-grandson  is 
now  in  possession  of  an  exceptionally  fine  miniature  of  President 
Washington,  which  was  given  to  Abiel  Foster  by  General  Wash- 
ington in  token  of  esteem  and  friendship. 

Born  in  Union  county,  and  passing  his  early  life  in  village 
or  country,  Alfred  Foster's  education  began  at  home  and  con- 
tinued in  the  country  schools  within  his  reach,  was  completed, 
so  far  as  schools  have  educated  him,  by  attendance  upon  the 
village  academy  of  Spartanburg.  He  then  became  a  clerk  in  his 
father's  store  and  engaged  with  his  father  in  the  business  of 
planting  as  well  as  store-keeping. 

When  he  was  twenty-six  the  outbreak  of  the  War  between 
the  States  appealed  strongly  to  his  love  of  his  own  common- 
wealth; and  he  promptly  volunteered  (April  13,  1861),  serving 
for  a  year  as  captain  of  Company  F,  Fifth  South  Carolina 
volunteers.  He  was  then  elected  captain  of  Company  D,  Pal- 
metto sharpshooters,  and  served  as  such  during  the  remainder 
of  the  war.  He  took  part  in  the  first  battle  of  Manassas,  1861, 
and  in  all  the  principal  engagements  of  the  Army  of  Northern 
Virginia  excepting  Chancellorsville  and  Gettysburg.  He  was 
with  General  Longstreet  in  his  East  Tennessee  campaign.  At 


118  ALFRED    HARRISON    FOSTER 

Appomattox,  April  9,  1865,  at  the  time  of  the  surrender,  he  was 
in  command  of  his  regiment. 

Three  years  after  the  war  he  began,  in  1868,  the  business  of 
merchandising  at  Union,  South  Carolina,  which  he  has  continued 
until  the  present  time  (1907).  He  has  also  been  a  planter  during 
most  of  these  years. 

He  votes  and  acts  with  the  Democratic  party.  By  education 
he  affiliates  with  the  Presbvterian  church. 

*/ 

On  August  31,  1876,  he  married  Miss  Hettie  V.  Brandon. 
They  have  had  four  children,  of  whom  three  are  living  in  1907. 
His  address  is  Union,  South  Carolina. 


HUGH  WILSON  ERASER 

F  BASER,  HUGH  WILSON,  of  Georgetown,  South  Caro- 
lina, constructing  civil  engineer,  since  1903  cashier  of  the 
Peoples  Bank  of  Georgetown,  and  since  January  1,  1906, 
mayor  of  Georgetown,  was  born  June  30,  1872,  in  the  city  where 
he  still  resides.  His  father,  Samuel  Sidney  Fraser,  was  for 
years  identified  with  the  fire  insurance  business  of  that  city,  and 
served  as  chairman  of  the  Democratic  County  committee  in  1876, 
and  was  county  treasurer  from  1877  to  1882.  His  mother  was 
Mrs.  Sarah  McLeod  (Wilson)  Fraser.  His  father's  family  was 
descended  from  John  Fraser,  who  emigrated  from  Scotland  about 
1730  and  settled  in  the  Sumter  district.  The  earliest  known 
American  ancestor  of  his  mother's  family  was  Hugh  Wilson, 
a  Huguenot  exile  from  France,  who  settled  in  the  Charleston 
district. 

Mr.  Fraser  is  one  of  the  group  of  well-educated  young  South 
Carolinians  who,  through  their  love  of  mathematics  and  out-of- 
door  life,  and  their  perception  of  the  growing  possibilities  of 
commerce  and  manufacture  in  the  South,  have  been  led  to  choose 
the  work  of  practical  constructing  engineers  in  helping  to  develop 
the  natural  resources  of  the  New  South.  His  early  life  was 
passed  in  the  village  of  Georgetown,  where  the  opportunities 
afforded  by  good  schools  were  open  to  him;  and  from  his  very 
earliest  boyhood  he  wras  exceptionally  fond  of  reading.  He 
attended  the  South  Carolina  Military  academy,  and  was  grad- 
uated in  1891  with  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Sciences,  having 
done  his  best  work  as  a  student  in  mathematics,  engineering  and 
history.  At  once  he  took  a  place  as  rodman  on  the  survey  of 
the  Norfolk,  Wilmington  and  Charleston  railway  in  North  Caro- 
lina. As  constructing  engineer,  he  was  engaged  on  the  Florida 
Central  and  Peninsula  railroad  at  Savannah,  from  1893  to  1894. 
In  1895-96-97  he  was  engaged  upon  drainage  work  in  Florida. 
During  1898-99  and  1900  he  was  in  the  United  States  Engineer 
service.  From  1900  to  1903  he  filled  a  position  in  railroad  work 
in  Georgia  and  Tennessee. 

On  the  18th  of  April,  1900,  Mr.  Fraser  married  Miss  Kathe- 
rine  Parkhill,  daughter  of  R.  C.  Parkhill,  of  Monticello,  Florida. 


120  HUGH    WILSON    FRASER 

They  have  had  three  children,  all  of  whom  are  living  in  1907. 

In  1903  he  determined  to  establish  himself  at  Georgetown, 
South  Carolina,  and  he  was  elected  cashier  of  the  Peoples  Bank 
of  Georgetown,  a  position  which  he  still  fills.  The  people  in 
his  native  town  have  shown  their  confidence  in  his  ability  and 
their  kindly  feeling  toward  him  by  electing  him  mayor  for  a 
term  of  two  years  from  January,  1906. 

During  his  college  course  Mr.  Eraser  was  a  member  of  the 
Alpha  Tau  Omega  fraternity.  He  belongs  to  the  Associated 
graduates  of  the  South  Carolina  Military  academy,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Engineers'  Association  of  the  South.  He  is  a 
Mason,  a  Knight  of  Pythias,  and  a  member  of  the  Benevolent 
and  Protective  Order  of  Elks.  In  his  political  party  relations 
he  is  a  Democrat.  His  religious  affiliation  is  with  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  church.  He  finds  healthful  exercise  and  recreation  in 
walking  and  playing  golf.  He  gives  to  young  Americans  as  the 
keynote  of  success:  "Work!  The  majority  of  the  younger  gen- 
eration do  not  seem  to  understand  that  work  is  necessary." 


TOE  HEW  T' 

>T>    •« 

>Jtv 


P0BLIC  T  ^^  - 


AlTOJt, 


ef. 


F 


JOSEPH  JOHN  FRETWELL 

>RETWELL,  JOSEPH  JOHN,  son  of  Joseph  Y.  and 
Nancy  Louisa  Russell  Fretwell,  was  born  at  Anderson, 
South  Carolina,  March  21,  1849.  His  father  was  a 
farmer,  a  captain  in  the  state  militia  prior  to  the  war,  and  a 
man  noted  for  honesty  and  truthfulness. 

In  boyhood  Joseph  Fretwell  was  blessed  with  perfect  health. 
He  passed  his  early  life  in  the  country,  amusing  himself  with 
outdoor  sports,  hunting,  fishing,  and  riding,  and  also  assisting 
in  feeding  stock  on  the  farm  and  often  working  as  a  hand.  He 
had  little  time  for  reading,  but  biographies  of  great  men  inter- 
ested him  most.  He  attended  an  "old-field"  country  school,  and 
later  took  a  business  course  at  Bryant  and  Stratton's  college  in 
Baltimore,  graduating  about  1874. 

After  the  close  of  the  war,  Mr.  Fretwell's  father,  then  over 
sixty  years  of  age,  turned  over  his  farm  to  his  son  of  sixteen, 
placing  upon  him  the  responsibility  of  making  the  crop  with  the 
help  of  three  or  four  hands.  He  made  and  gathered  two  crops 
and  was  well  contented  with  his  work.  But  one  day,  while  in 
the  field  gathering  corn  with  a  negro  boy,  a  buggy  drove  up  and 
he  was  summoned  to  Anderson,  a  village  of  less  than  two  thou- 
sand inhabitants,  to  clerk  in  a  store.  Upon  his  arrival  he  was 
employed  as  a  helper  in  a  general  merchandise  store,  conducted 
by  Mr.  Sylvester  Bleckley.  Nothing  was  said  about  salary,  but 
the  youth  entered  upon  the  work  before  him  with  great  interest 
and  enthusiasm,  working  day  and  night  with  the  determination 
to  succeed. 

Five  years  later  Mr.  Bleckley  made  partners  of  three  of  his 
clerks,  including  young  Fretwell.  From  that  time  the  business 
flourished,  and  in  the  three  years  following  the  partners  made 
considerable  money.  In  the  meantime  Mr.  Fretwell  had  mar- 

%/ 

ried  Miss  Mary  Catherine  Bleckley,  the  second  daughter  of  his 
former  employer.  He  now  asked  for  an  increased  share  in  the 
business,  and  from  that  time  on  the  firm  was  composed  of  Messrs. 
Sylvester  Bleckley,  Elijah  W.  Brown  and  Mr.  Fretwell,  all 
equally  interested.  Fifteen  years  of  business  success  followed, 
the  trade  becoming  very  large,  when  Mr.  Brown  withdrew  from 


124  JOSEPH    JOHN    FRET  WELL 

the  firm,  leaving  Messrs.  Bleckley  and  Fretwell  in  charge.  They 
now  discontinued  the  sale  of  general  merchandise,  taking  up  live 
stock,  vehicles  and  harness.  For  thirty  years  Messrs.  Bleckley 
and  Fretwell  were  in  business  together,  their  relations  being  most 
harmonious.  Mr.  Bleckley  was  a  man  of  strong  impulses,  gen- 
erous, but  a  strict  disciplinarian,  hewing  to  the  line.  Coming 
from  ancestors  who  were  alike  rigid  in  their  ideas  and  honesty 
of  purpose,  Mr.  Fretwell  easily  fell  in  with  the  business  views 
of  his  senior  partner ;  and,  since  the  death  of  the  latter,  has  tried 
to  follow,  in  every  respect,  his  teaching  and  example. 

At  the  death  of  Mr.  Bleckley,  Mr.  Fretwell,  who  was  made 
his  executor  and  the  trustee  of  the  Bleckley  estate,  bought  out 
the  interest  of  his  deceased  partner  and  continued  in  business. 
He  organized  the  Peoples  Bank  of  Anderson  with  a  capital  of 
one  hundred  thousand  dollars,  and  was  made  its  president.  He 
is  president  of  the  Anderson  Hardware  company;  a  director  of 
the  Peoples  Furniture  company  of  Anderson,  and  of  the  Isa- 
queena  Cotton  mills  at  Central,  South  Carolina ;  president  of  the 
Peoples  Oil  and  Fertilizer  company,  the  Fretwell-Hanks  com- 
pany, the  Oconee  County  Railway  company,  and  of  the  Anderson 
Guaranty  and  Trust  company,  which  he  has  recently  organized. 

With  one  exception,  Mr.  Fretwell  has  taken  an  active  part 
in  promoting  all  the  mills  that  have  been  organized  in  and 
around  his  city,  subscribing  to  their  capital  stock  and  giving 
them  encouragement  in  other  ways.  The  first  cotton  mill  built 
in  Anderson,  the  Anderson  Cotton  mill,  was  largely  indebted  to 
the  interest  taken  by  Mr.  Fretwell's  firm,  and  he  was  one  of 
eight  committeemen  who  laid  the  plans  by  which  the  mill  was 
organized  in  one  day's  time. 

Mr.  Fretwell  has  assisted  many  young  men  in  taking  part 
in  different  enterprises  of  his  city  and  county,  and  is  proud  of 
their  success.  He  has  also  assisted  in  all  public  enterprises  of 
his  town  and  county.  He  is  not  a  club  man,  neither  is  he  an 
officeholder,  except  that,  in  1876,  he  was  captain  on  Governor 
Hampton's  staff. 

He  owns  the  old  homesteads  of  his  father  and  grandfather, 
on  one  of  which  he  is  maintaining  in  comfort  the  old  slave  who 
"toted"  him  in  childhood. 

Mr.  Fretwell  warns  the  young  men  of  the  South  to  avoid  the 
use  of  whisky  and  tobacco  in  every  form,  and  the  practice  of 


JOSEPH    JOHN    FRETWELL,  125 

lying.  These  three  evils  he  regards  as  the  curse  of  the  country. 
"If,"  says  he,  "our  Southern  young  men  want  to  forge  to  the 
front  in  agriculture  and  manufacturing,  they  must  learn  to  load 
light  and  come  often."  He  advises  close  application  to  business, 
punctuality,  honesty,  and  temperance.  The  liberation  of  the 
slaves  meant,  in  his  judgment,  the  liberation  of  the  South. 

Having  already  accumulated  more  than  a  hundred  thousand 
dollars,  and  being  in  a  fair  way  to  become  a  millionaire  in  the 
next  ten  years,  Mr.  Fretwell  takes  a  pardonable  pride  in  the 
degree  of  success  he  has  achieved,  and  believes  that,  being  the 
husband  of  a  contented  and  happy  wife,  with  a  family  of  eight 
happy  children,  he  can  easily  take  the  first  place  among  his 
neighbors  in  true  happiness. 

Mr.  Fretwell  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and  a  Baptist  in 
religion. 

His  address  is  Number  737  Church  street,  Anderson,  South 
Carolina. 


CHARLES  MANNING  FURMAN 

FUR  MAX.   CHARLES   MA  XXIX  G,   soldier,   planter, 
teacher,  lawyer,   and  since   1893   professor  of  English 
literature  in  Clemson  college.  South  Carolina,  was  born 
at  Societv  Hill.  Darlington  county.  South  Carolina.  July  8.  1840. 

V  *         '  V 

His  father,  the  Reverend  James  Clement  Furman.  D.  D..  one  of 
the  most  widely  known  Baptist  ministers  of  the  South,  was 
president  of  Furman  university,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Seces- 
sion convention  of  his  state.  The  earliest  known  ancestor  of  the 
family  in  America  was  John  Furman.  who  came  from  England 
with  Endicott  and  settled  at  Salem.  Massachusetts,  in  1628. 
Among  his  distinguished  descendants,  kinsmen  of  the  subject  of 
this  sketch,  may  be  named  Richard  Furman.  D.  D..  1755-1825. 
the  first  president  of  the  triennial  Baptist  convention,  a  leader 
in  denominational  education ;  and  James  Kincaid.  the  great- 
grandfather of  Professor  C.  M.  Furman.  of  Scotch-Irish  descent, 
who  settled  in  South  Carolina  before  the  Revolutionary  war. 
served  as  captain  under  General  Marion;  and  after  the  war 
became  a  well-known  planter  and  merchant,  erecting  the  first 
cotton  gin  in  South  Carolina. 

To  his  mother.  Harriet  E.  (Davis)  Furman.  he  owes  much, 
intellectually  and  spiritually.  He  writes:  "She  died  when  I 
was  nine ;  she  trained  me  very  carefully  in  the  practice  of  the 
duties  of  religion."  His  first  nine  years  were  passed  in  the 
country,  then  for  three  or  four  years  he  resided  at  Charleston ; 

•/  *  *. 

and  afterward  at  Greenville.  South  Carolina.  The  circumstances 
of  his  father's  family  were  such  as  to  make  the  acquisition  of 
an  education  easy  for  him :  and  the  traditions  of  the  family  were 

\.  i 

in  favor  of  scholarship.  He  "never  did  a  day's  work  with  his 
hands,  until  he  entered  the  armv."  In  his  bovhood  he  was  fond 

•/  V 

of  reading,  and  he  has  read  widely  all  his  life.  Hunting  had 
an  engrossing  interest  for  him  in  childhod  and  early  manhood. 

t, 

He  studied  at  the  High  school  of  Charleston,  from  1851  to 
1853 ;  and  he  was  graduated  from  Furman  university  in  1859. 
Choosing  the  profession  of  law.  he  read  with  the  law  firm  of 
TThaley  &  Lord,  at  Charleston,  until  the  war  interrupted  his 
studies.  He  entered  the  army.  May  9.  1861.  as  a  private  in  the 


Men  of 


"Wfc_  ^  C 


HEV         ^\ 

P0BLIC 


11X.SJSN  FOUNDATIONS  ; 


CHARLES    MANNING   FTJRMAN  129 

Palmetto  Guards,  the  Second  South  Carolina  regiment,  in  which 
he  served  until  January,  1863,  when  he  was  transferred  by 
exchange  to  Earle's  Light  battery  on  the  South  Carolina  coast. 
In  July,  1863,  he  was  elected  lieutenant  in  Company  H,  Six- 
teenth South  Carolina  volunteers;  and  shortly  afterward  he  was 
promoted  to  the  captaincy  of  the  same  company,  remaining  with 
that  company  until  he  was  paroled  after  Johnston's  surrender. 

After  the  war  he  was  a  farmer  from  1865  to  1868;  then  as 
professor  of  mathematics  at  Bethel  college,  Russellville,  Ken- 
tucky, he  taught  from  1868  until  187T.  From  1878  until  1892  he 
practiced  law  in  Greenville,  South  Carolina.  He  was  assistant 
United  States  attorney  for  South  Carolina  from  1886  to  1889. 
In  1893  he  was  elected  professor  of  English  literature  at  Clem- 
son  college,  South  Carolina;  and  he  still  (1907)  fills  that  chair. 

He  has  always  been  identified  politically  with  the  Demo- 
cratic party.  In  college  he  was  a  member  of  the  Chi  Psi 
fraternity.  His  denominational  relations  are  with  the  Baptist 
church.  His  favorite  forms  of  sport  and  relaxation  are  bird- 
hunting  and  trout-fishing. 

Professor  Furman  married  Miss  F.  E.  Garden,  in  February, 
1864;  and  of  their  six  children,  four  are  now  (1907)  living. 
He  married  a  second  time,  December  23,  1887,  Miss  Sallie  Villi- 
pigue;  and  they  have  three  children. 

Professor  Furman,  in  suggesting  to  young  Americans  such 
views  of  American  life  as  may  be  helpful  toward  success,  writes : 
"I  do  not  think  that  American  life  is  different  from  any  other, 
except  that  there  are  greater  opportunities  for  making  money. 
I  think  that  dishonesty  is  our  national  sin.  The  two  things  all 
young  men  should  guard  against  are  'graft'  and  drunkenness." 

His  address  is  Clemson  college,  South  Carolina. 


Vol.  I— S.  C.— 7 


CHRISTOPHER  SCHULZ  GADSDEN 

GADS  DEN,  CHRISTOPHER  SCHULZ,  second  vice- 
president  of  the  Atlantic  Coast  Line  railroad,  was  born 
in  the  town  of  Summerville,  state  of  South  Carolina,  on 
the  15th  day  of  August,  1834.  He  was  the  son  of  the  Reverend 
Philip  Gadsden  and  his  wife,  Susan  Brantford  Hamilton.  His 
father  was  rector  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church  of  St. 
Paul's,  Summerville.  His  character  was  marked  by  the  qualities 
of  simplicity  and  piety. 

The  ancestors  of  the  Gadsden  family  in  South  Carolina  were 
Thomas  and  Elizabeth  Gadsden,  who  came  from  England  in 
1720  and  settled  in  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  Thomas  Gadsden 
being  the  king's  collector  of  customs.  Among  Mr.  C.  S.  Gads- 
den's  distinguished  ancestors  were  Brigadier- General  Christopher 
Gadsden  of  Revolutionary  fame,  Bishop  Gadsden  of  South  Caro- 
lina, and  General  James  Gadsden,  who  negotiated  the  Gadsden 
purchase  when  minister  to  Mexico.  General  James  Gadsden  was 
aid-de-camp  to  General  Andrew  Jackson  in  the  Seminole  war. 

Christopher  Gadsden's  physical  condition  in  childhood  was 
healthy  and  robust.  His  tastes  were  for  laborious  outdoor  exer- 
cises, such  as  cutting  trees  and  wood  for  family  use,  and  the 
enjoyment  of  outdoor  sports.  Up  to  the  age  of  fourteen  he  lived 
in  Summerville,  attending  his  father's  school,  and  then  went  as 
a  cadet  to  the  South  Carolina  Military  academies  in  Columbia 
and  Charleston.  Graduating  at  the  age  of  eighteen  at  the  South 
Carolina  Military  academy,  he  joined  a  party  of  engineers 
engaged  in  railroad  surveying  in  Mississippi,  Ohio,  and  other 
parts  of  the  West.  In  1854  he  returned  to  South  Carolina  and 
was  employed  in  early  surveys  of  the  Charleston  and  Savannah 
railroad,  now  a  portion  of  the  Atlantic  Coast  Line  railroad; 
and  on  completion  of  this  line,  took  charge  of  the  surveys  of 
what  was  then  the  Port  Royal  railroad,  now  the  Charleston  and 
Western  Carolina  railroad.  He  was  engaged  in  this  survey  and 
construction  up  to  and  including  the  War  between  the  States. 
During  that  war  Mr.  Gadsden  was  in  the  military  service  for  a 
short  time  along  the  coast  of  South  Carolina,  but  upon  urgent 
representations  as  to  the  necessity  of  the  construction  of  the 


CHRISTOPHER   SCHULZ    GADSDEN  131 

Port  Koyal  railroad  for  the  purpose  of  coast  defence,  returned 
to  the  construction  of  said  road,  and  was  thus  employed  when 
Sherman's  march  through  South  Carolina  terminated  all  enter- 
prises of  this  character. 

Mr.  Gadsden's  mother  was  of  a  strong  intellectual  and  moral 
character,  and  had  large  influence  upon  the  development  of  the 
life  and  character  of  her  son.  His  father's  means  were  limited, 
and  he,  therefore,  accepted  a  beneficiary  cadetship  of  the  South 
Carolina  Military  academy.  The  thorough  mathematical  train- 
ing obtained  by  him  at  that  academy  fitted  him  for  the  pursuit 
of  civil  engineering  in  connection  with  the  railroad  work  referred 
to  above.  He  was  graduated  fifth  in  a  class  of  nineteen  at  the 
South  Carolina  Military  academy  in  1852.  He  was  largely  influ- 
enced in  the  choice  of  his  profession  in  life  by  General  James 
Gadsden,  his  uncle,  then  president  of  the  South  Carolina  railroad 
and  afterwards  minister  to  Mexico. 

On  the  9th  day  of  May,  1861,  he  married  Florida  I.  Morrall. 
Seven  children  have  been  born  to  them,  of  whom  four  are  now 
(1907)  living. 

The  main  influences  which  have  impressed  themselves  upon 
Mr.  Gadsden's  career  have  been,  first  and  foremost,  the  influence 
of  his  home  life;  next,  the  exacting  discipline  of  military  train- 
ing, and  the  association  in  railroad  service  with  men  of  high  and 
strong  character.  After  the  close  of  the  war,  Mr.  Gadsden  was 
again  associated  with  the  Charleston  and  Savannah  railroad  in 
its  reconstruction,  then  was  in  charge  of  it  as  superintendent  for 
thirty-four  years.  Afterwards,  in  the  consolidation  of  the  Plant 
System  and  the  Atlantic  Coast  Line  railroads,  he  occupied  the 
positions,  respectively,  of  vice-president  and  president  of  different 
sections,  and  finally  as  second  vice-president  of  the  consolidated 
railroads  known  as  the  Atlantic  Coast  Line  System. 

He  has  held  various  public  positions,  having  been  an  alder- 
man of  the  city  of  Charleston  for  twenty  successive  years,  and 
chairman  of  the  board  of  visitors  of  the  South  Carolina  Military 
academy.  Mr.  Gadsden's  life  has  been  mainly  devoted  to  rail- 
road construction  and  management,  but  he  has  found  time  to 
give  much  thought  and  labor  to  current  local,  municipal,  and 
state  affairs,  and  has  rendered  great  service  to  his  native  city  in 
these  regards.  He  is  a  member  of  the  association  of  the  Sons  of 
the  Revolution,  being  president  of  the  South  Carolina  branch, 


132  CHRISTOPHER    SCHULZ    GADSDEN 

and  is  also  vice-president  of  the  Alumni  association  of  the  South 
Carolina  Military  academy.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  church.  Outdoor  exercises  on  horseback  and  in  walk- 
ing have  been  his  special  modes  of  relaxation.  He  believes  that 
the  true  principle  of  success  in  life  is  to  be  careful  in  the  selection 
of  one's  life  work,  and  to  be  constant  in  carrying  out  the  object 
selected.  His  own  career  is  a  striking  example  of  the  soundness 
of  this  philosophy. 

The  address  of  Mr.  Gadsden  is  Number  64  Hasell  street,, 
Charleston,  South  Carolina. 


GEORGE  WILLIAMS  GAGE 

GAGE,  GEORGE  WILLIAMS,  lawyer,  was  born  Feb- 
ruary 4,  1856,  near  Fair  Forest,  Union  county,  South 
Carolina.  His  parents  were  Robert  J.  and  Martha 
(Williams)  Gage.  His  father  was  a  planter  who  was  noted  for 
his  kindness  of  heart,  clearness  of  intellect,  and  sound  judgment. 
In  1835  he  was  a  member  of  the  general  assembly  from  Union, 
and  in  1863  he  served  on  the  board  of  visitors  of  the  South 
Carolina  Military  academy.  His  mother,  though  an  invalid 
nearly  all  of  her  life,  was  a  woman  of  fine  intellectual  endow- 
ments, remarkable  social  charms,  and  deep  piety.  She  was  a 
great  help  to  her  children  in  their  studies,  even  after  they 
reached  the  higher  grades,  and  was  kind  and  helpful  to  all  to 
whom  she  could  render  service.  The  first  paternal  ancestor  in 
this  country  was  John  Gage,  who  came  from  Coleraine,  Ireland. 
His  father  was  Robert  Gage,  who  lived  and  died  in  the  old 
country.  John  Gage  located  in  Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania,  in 
1800,  and  two  years  later  removed  to  Union,  South  Carolina. 
He  was  the  father  of  Robert  J.  Gage.  On  the  maternal  side, 
the  first  ancestor  in  America  was  Richard  Williams,  who  came 
from  Glamorganshire,  Wales,  and  was  living  in  Taunton,  Mas- 
sachusetts, in  1637.  Edward  Williams,  father  of  Martha  Wil- 
liams Gage,  was  fifth  in  the  line  of  descent  from  him.  For  a 
long  period  this  branch  of  the  Williams  family  resided  in  Maine, 
and  several  of  its  members  were  prominent  in  public  affairs. 

In  childhood  and  youth  George  Gage  lived  in  the  country. 
His  health  was  delicate,  but  his  tastes  were  for  outdoor  work 
and  sport,  and  being  much  in  the  open  air  gave  him  increased 
bodily  vigor.  The  devastation  caused  by  the  War  between  the 
States  placed  the  family  in  limited  circumstances,  and  made  it 
necessary  for  him,  at  a  comparatively  early  age,  to  take  up  the 
various  kinds  of  work  which  a  boy  on  the  farm  is  able  to  per- 
form. This  experience  taught  him  "the  value  of  doing  things 
for  one's  self,"  and  proved  of  great  benefit  in  later  years.  From 
1864  to  1871  he  attended  the  inferior  schools  which  at  that  time 
the  country  supplied.  In  the  year  last  named  he  entered  Wofford 
college,  from  which  institution  he  was  graduated  in  the  summer 


134  GEORGE    WILLIAMS    GAGE 

of  1875  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  In  the  following  October  he 
entered  the  employ  of  the  Carolina  Savings  Bank,  Charleston, 
South  Carolina,  where  he  remained  for  three  years.  Afterward 
he  studied  law  at  Vanderbilt  university,  from  which  institution 
he  was  graduated  in  1880  with  the  degree  of  LL.  B.  In  this 
course  he  also  won  the  "Founder's  Medal"  for  scholarship  in 
law.  Immediately  after  his  graduation  he  opened  a  law  office  in 
Chester,  South  Carolina.  For  a  time  he  was  associated  with  his 
uncle,  by  marriage,  the  late  Giles  J.  Patterson,  and  the  late 
T.  C.  Gaston,  and  afterward  for  several  years  with  J.  K.  Henry. 
His  natural  ability,  thorough  preparation,  and  excellent  judg- 
ment, soon  won  for  him  a  large  and  lucrative  practice.  In  1898 
he  was  elected  circuit  judge,  which  office  he  still  holds,  having 
been  reflected  by  the  legislature  in  1906.  The  political  honors 
that  have  come  to  him  are  those  of  member  of  the  Chester  City 
council,  1884;  presidential  elector,  1888;  member  of  the  State 
Constitutional  convention,  1895,  and  member  of  the  State  legis- 
lature, 1897. 

His  principal  difficulties  in  acquiring  an  education  came 
from  the  necessity  of  strict  economy.  During  the  five  years  in 
college  his  expenses  were  only  eleven  hundred  dollars.  The 
books  which  he  has  found  most  helpful  in  fitting  him  for  and 
aiding  him  in  the  work  of  life,  he  names  as  the  Bible,  ^orks 
on  history,  psychology,  biography,  and  law.  His  first  strong 
impulses  to  strive  for  the  prizes  he  has  won  came  from  his 
admission  to  college  at  the  age  of  fifteen  and  a  day  spent  in  a 
court  room  at  Spartanburg  about  1873.  He  was  left  free  to 
choose  his  profession,  and  his  purpose  to  study  law  was  formed 
during  his  second  year  in  college.  In  estimating  the  relative 
strength  of  various  influences  which  have  helped  him  in  attain- 
ing success,  he  names  those  of  home  first.  He  states  that  his 
mother  exerted  a  strong  and  inspiring  influence  upon  his  life, 
and  that  his  parents  had  almost  constantly  at  their  country  home 
men  and  women  of  culture  and  character.  Next  came  the  influ- 
ence of  college,  especially  for  its  bringing  him  into  contact  with 
Doctor  Carlisle,  who  then  became,  and  who  still  remains,  a  great 
force  in  his  life.  Since  marriage,  his  wife  has  been  most  encour- 
aging and  helpful. 

Judge  Gage  has  never  joined  any  fraternal  order  or  social 
club,  finding  his  best  entertainment  with  his  family,  his  books, 


GEORGE    WILLIAMS    GAGE  135 

and  his  friends.  In  politics  he  is  a  lifelong  Democrat.  His 
religious  affiliation  is  with  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church, 
South.  He  has  never  paid  attention  to  athletics,  but  he  enjoys 
horseback  riding  as  a  means  of  exercise  and  relaxation.  His 
public  services  have  been  largely  in  the  line  of  efficient  and 
fruitful  efforts  to  improve  the  streets,  secure  and  maintain  public 
utilities,  keep  the  schools  of  his  town  to  a  high  standard,  and  to 
strengthen  the  church  with  which  he  is  identified.  He  is  quick 
to  see  the  merits  of  a  case,  and  he  states  his  views  concisely  and 
convincingly.  Though  never  attempting  to  force  his  opinions 
upon  others,  he  is  free  to  state  his  convictions  at  suitable  times, 
and  he  does  so  without  regard  to  their  effect  upon  his  popularity. 
When  they  are  in  the  right,  he  is  always  ready  to  take  the  part 
of  the  weak,  and  he  cheerfully  commends  good  conduct  of  the 
obscure  and  unknown. 

In  order  to  help  young  people  who  may  read  his  biography, 
Judge  Gage  says  that  any  falling  short  of  what  he  had  hoped  to 
do  in  life  has  been  due  to  "the  failure  to  always  realize  that  the 
prizes  of  life  lie  in  'this  day.' 

On  December  21,  1881,  Judge  Gage  was  married  to  Janie, 
daughter  of  Captain  J.  Lucius  and  Margaret  Hemphill  Gaston, 
thus  becoming  allied  with  some  of  the  oldest  and  most  highly 
honored  families  of  the  South.  Of  their  seven  children,  six  are 
living  in  1907. 

The  home  of  the  family  is  in  Chester,  South  Carolina. 


THOMAS  MCDOWELL  GILLAND 

GILLAND,  THOMAS  McDOWELL,  lawyer,  ex-member 
of  the  house  of  representatives,  and  for  a  term,  from 
1884,  solicitor  of  the  third  circuit,  was  born  in  Oakley, 
Chester  county,  South  Carolina,  July  6,  1848.     He  is  a  son  of 
Kev.  James  R.  Gilland,  a  Presbyterian  minister  and  a  teacher, 

/  «/  * 

at  one  time  professor  in  Davidson  college. 

He  was  born  in  the  home  of  his  grandfather,  Dr.  W.  S. 
Gibbes.  His  mother,  Mrs.  Mary  Caroline  (Gibbes)  Gilland,  was 
a  daughter  of  Dr.  Wilmot  S.  Gibbes,  a  granddaughter  of  Chan- 
cellor DeSaussure,  and  a  descendant  of  Robert  Gibbes,  chief 
justice  of  South  Carolina  in  1708. 

His  father,  who  was  and  is  a  practical  teacher  as  well  as  a 
preacher,  prepared  him  for  college.  His  son  writes:  "It  was 
while  I  was  under  my  father's  training  that  I  acquired  a  con- 
tempt for  all  meanness  and  prevarication  which  has  followed  me 
I  trust  as  a  characteristic  throughout  my  life."  At  the  time 
when  he  would  naturally  have  entered  college,  the  breaking  out 
of  the  War  between  the  States,  and  the  call  of  his  state  for  the 
service  of  its  old  men  and  its  boys,  took  him  into  the  South 
Carolina  state  troops,  where  he  served  as  first  lieutenant  of  his 
company.  At  the  close  of  the  war  there  was  little  opportunity 
for  well-paid  employment,  and  he  continued  at  home  prosecuting 
his  studies.  In  1866  he  taught  school  for  a  year  in  the  lower 
part  of  Richland  county,  and  in  this  year  saved  enough  money 
to  take  him  to  college.  In  1867  he  entered  the  South  Carolina 
university,  and  continued  a  student  there  for  one  year — as  long 
a  time  as  the  funds  at  his  disposal  would  support  him.  He  then 
taught  school  for  a  year  in  Franklin  county,  Pennsylvania.  The 
next  year  he  taught  at  Hagerstown,  Maryland;  and  while  teach- 
ing he  began  the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  Major  Henry  Kyd 
Douglas,  formerly  a  member  of  the  staff  of  General  Stonewall 
Jackson,  by  whom  Mr.  Gilland  was  prepared  for  the  bar. 

Returning  to  South  Carolina  in  the  early  part  of  1870,  he 
took  up  his  residence  for  the  practice  of  law  at  Kingstree,  in 
Williamsburg  county.  In  1880  he  was  elected  to  the  house  of 
representatives  from  that  county,  serving  for  one  term.  In  1884 


THOMAS  M'DOWELL  GILLAND  137 

he  was  elected  solicitor  of  the  third  circuit  and  served  for  one 
term.  In  1895  he  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional  convention 
called  to  prepare  an  amended  constitution  for  the  state  of  South 
Carolina. 

He  is  allied  with  the  Democratic  party.  By  religious  con- 
viction he  is  connected  with  the  Presbyterian  Church,  South. 

On  April  1,  1877,  he  married  Miss  Louise  Brockinton.  They 
have  had  eight  children,  two  of  whom  died  in  infancy,  while  six 
are  living  in  1907.  The  oldest  son  of  the  family,  having  taken 
an  academic  course  and  a  professional  course  in  law  at  the  South 
Carolina  college,  is  now  associated  with  his  father  in  the  practice 
of  law. 

His  address  is  Kingstree,  Williamsburg  county,  South  Caro- 
lina. 


JOHN  LYLES  GLENN 

GLENN,  JOHN  LYLES,  lawyer  and  banker,  was  born 
in  the  country,  where  the  present  village  of  Lowryville 
stands,  Chester  county,  South  Carolina,  April  26,  1858. 
His  parents  were  Ephraim  Lyles  and  Louisa  Holmes  (Carter) 
Glenn.  His  father  was  a  physician  in  Chester  county  for  many 
years.  He  was  successful  in  his  profession,  and  by  his  high 
character  and  kindly  disposition  won  the  confidence  and  esteem 
of  those  who  knew  him.  His  health  becoming  impaired,  he 
removed  to  York  county,  South  Carolina,  and  gave  most  of  his 
time  to  the  cultivation  of  a  farm.  The  earliest  ancestors  of  the 
family  to  settle  in  this  country  came  from  the  north  of  Scotland. 
Of  these,  Nathan  Glenn,  who  lived  in  Cumberland  county,  Vir- 
ginia, about  1735  bought  a  large  tract  of  land  along  Broad  river 
in  what  is  now  Union  county,  South  Carolina.  His  brother, 
James,  purchased  a  tract  on  the  other  side  of  the  river,  now 
Chester  county.  The  Glenn  family  was  well  represented  in  the 
war  of  the  Revolution.  James  Glanton  Glenn,  a  son  of  Spillsbey 
Glenn,  and  grandson  of  Nathan  Glenn,  just  named,  married  Eliza 
Lyles,  and  from  this  marriage  was  born  Dr.  Ephraim  Lyles 
Glenn,  the  father  of  John  Lyles  Glenn.  Eliza  Lyles  was  a 
daughter  of  Ephraim  Lyles,  who  was  a  son  of  Colonel  Aromanus 
Lyles,  of  the  Revolution.  The  Lyles  were  among  the  earliest 
settlers  along  Broad  river,  and  one  of  the  family,  Aromanus,  who 
was  born  in  1748,  was  the  first  white  male  child  born  in  Fairfield 
county.  He  reached  the  rank  of  colonel  in  the  Revolution.  The 
family  has  long  been  prominent  in  public  affairs.  The  Carter 
family,  into  which  the  father  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  mar- 
ried, settled  in  Maryland,  but  about  the  time  of  the  Revolution 
they  removed  to  Chester  county,  South  Carolina,  and  have  always 
been  respected  and  influential. 

In  childhood  and  youth  John  Lyles  Glenn  was  well  and 
strong.  His  home  life  was  pleasant;  and  though  she  died  when 
he  was  only  thirteen  years  of  age,  his  mother  exerted  a  powerful 
and  enduring  influence  upon  him  for  good.  Among  other  things, 
she  helped  him  to  overcome  a  naturally  indolent  disposition.  At 
that  time  the  schools  in  his  neighborhood  were  very  poor,  and  he 


THK  HSW 

PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


,    LBNOX 


JOHN    LYLES    GLENN  141 

had  to  change  schools  or  teachers  every  year.  Because  of  this 
his  early  education  was  defective.  He  succeeded,  however,  in 
preparing  for  and  securing  admission  to  Wofford  college.  He 
took  the  full  course  of  study  in  this  institution  and  was  grad- 
uated therefrom,  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.,  in  1879.  Having  read 
law  for  a  year  in  the  office  of  Patterson  &  Gaston,  in  Chester, 
South  Carolina,  he  then  studied  for  one  year,  1880-81,  in  the  law 
department  of  Vanderbilt  university.  In  the  fall  of  the  year 
last  named  he  commenced  the  practice  of  law  in  Chester,  South 
Carolina,  which  he  has  continued  with  great  success.  For  a 
number  of  years  he  has  given  a  large  part  of  his  time  to  railroad 
and  other  corporation  cases,  in  which  line  he  takes  a  high  rank 
among  the  lawyers  in  his  state.  He  has  long  been  district  counsel 
for  the  Seaboard  Air  Line  railway,  and  attorney  for  the  Lan- 
caster and  Chester  railway  and  for  local  cotton  mills.  Mr.  Glenn 
was  associated  in  the  first  years  of  his  practice  with  T.  E.  McLure, 
Esquire,  the  firm  being  Glenn  &  McLure.  This  partnership  was 
dissolved  by  the  untimely  death  of  Mr.  McLure.  Mr.  Glenn  then 
practiced  alone  until  the  formation  of  the  firm  of  Glenn  & 
McFadden  in  1894,  S.  E.  McFadden,  Esquire,  being  the  junior 
member  of  the  firm.  This  firm  is  one  of  the  best  known  and 
most  successful  in  upper  South  Carolina. 

For  some  years  prior  to  1903,  in  which  year  he  became  its 
president,  he  was  a  director  and  the  attorney  for  the  Exchange 
Bank  of  Chester,  South  Carolina.  He  has  always  taken  a  deep 
interest  in  the  welfare  of  his  town  and  state.  For  several  years 
he  was  chairman  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  public  schools  in 
Chester  and  did  much  to  elevate  the  character  and  increase  the 
efficiency  of  these  schools.  He  was  chairman  of  the  commis- 
sioners of  public  works  when  water,  sewerage  and  electric  lights 
were  installed  in  Chester.  He  was  active  in  the  building  and 
improvement  of  the  church  of  which  he  is  a  member.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Constitutional  convention  of  1895,  and  is  now 
(1907)  a  trustee  of  Wofford  college.  In  1898  he  was  elected 
to  the  state  senate,  but  at  the  end  of  the  term  he  declined  a 
reelection. 

In  regard  to  the  influences,  aside  from  those  of  home,  which 
helped  him  greatly  in  his  struggle  for  success,  Mr.  Glenn  says 
that  entering  college  was  a  turning  point  for  the  better  in  his 
life.  It  awakened  an  ambition  to  do  something  in  the  world, 


142  JOHN    LYLES    GLENN 

and  the  faculty  of  Wofford  college  did  much  to  help  him.  In  the 
choice  of  a  profession  he  was  free  to  follow  his  own  inclination. 
He  has  never  taken  a  course  in  physical  culture,  but  finds  plenty 
of  exercise  and  recreation  in  looking  after  the  affairs  of  his  farm. 
When  in  college  he  joined  the  Chi  Phi  fraternity,  and  he  is  now 
a  member  of  the  Blue  Lodge  and  Chapter  Masons,  at  Chester. 
In  politics  he  has  always  been  a  Democrat.  His  religious  con- 
nection is  with  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  of  which  he  is 
an  active  and  efficient  member. 

In  response  to  a  request  for  suggestions  which  will  help  young 
Americans  to  win  success  in  life,  he  says :  "Too  many  desire  and 
expect  success  without  being  willing  to  work  sufficiently  for  it. 
They  expect  that  which  they  do  not  really  deserve.  They  are 
not  willing  to  labor  and  wait.  They  expect  results  too  quick." 
Mr.  Glenn  is  a  man  of  strong  convictions,  but  he  is  always 
tolerant  of  the  opinions  of  others. 

On  April  26,  1883,  Mr.  Glenn  was  married  to  Miss  Alice 
Hall.  Of  their  nine  children,  eight  are  now  (1907)  living.  Mrs. 
Glenn,  on  her  father's  side,  is  a  descendant  of  the  Halls  of  Fair- 
field,  and,  on  her  mother's  side,  of  the  Hardins  of  Chester. 

The  postoffice  address  of  Mr.  Glenn  is  Chester,  South  Caro- 
lina. 


PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


TO.DEN 


•/ 'jtfar.fi  f.. 
M&s- 


JAMES  PLEASANT  GOSSETT 

GOSSETT,  JAMES  PLEASANT,  son  of  Pleasant  Tollison 
and  Elizabeth  (Steen)  Gossett,  was  born  at  Rich  Hill, 
Spartanburg    county,    South    Carolina,    September    23, 
1860.     His  father  was  a  planter  and  breeder  of  live  stock;   a 
Jeffersonian  Democrat  of  the  old  school ;  and  a  firm  believer  and 
advocate  of  the  doctrine  of  "states  rights  and  a  general  govern- 
ment of  carefully  defined  powers." 

According  to  tradition,  the  family  is  of  Norman  origin,  and 
were  strong  Protestants.  A  branch  settled  in  France,  but  took 
refuge  in  England  upon  the  revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes 
in  1685.  Mr.  Gossett's  paternal  great  great-grandfather,  John 
Gossett,  is  supposed  to  have  descended  from  this  family  and  to 
be  related  to  the  family  of  the  same  name  now  in  England. 
He  came  to  America  just  prior  to  the  Revolution  and  settled  in 
Virginia.  In  1777  he  enlisted  in  the  Continental  army  and  served 
throughout  the  war.  The  name  "Steen,"  the  mother's  family 
name,  is  Scandinavian  and  indicative  of  solidity  and  strength 
of  character.  The  early  possessors  of  the  name  lived  in  Norway 
and  Denmark,  one  being  an  officer  in  the  army  of  Gustavus 
Adolphus  at  the  time  he  invaded  Germany  to  rescue  the  Protes- 
tants from  the  tyranny  of  the  house  of  Hapsburg.  Mr.  Gossett's 
maternal  great  great-grandfather,  James  Steen,  was  born  in  Ire- 
land, near  "The  Vow"  in  County  Antrim,  Province  of  Ulster, 
about  1734.  He  came  to  America  about  1755,  and  settled  in 
Union  district,  South  Carolina,  where  he  married.  He  fought  in 
the  Revolution  and  was  killed  in  the  battle  of  King's  Mountain, 
October  7,  1780. 

The  Steens  are  Scotch-Irish,  and  have  a  familv  crest,  or 

s  •/ 

coat-of-arms,  which  has  been  in  use  for  more  than  two  hundred 
and  fifty  years.  Its  rightful  color  is  Presbyterian  true-blue, 
which  symbolizes  fidelity.  It  represents  the  fabled  Phoenix  bird 
rising  from  its  own  ashes,  with  extended  wings  ready  to  fly 
away — an  emblem  of  faith  in  God  and  hope  of  immortality. 
They  also  have  a  genealogical  history  which  runs  back  for  several 
hundred  years  and  includes  the  celebrated  Dutch  painter,  Jan 


146  JAMES    PLEASANT    GOSSETT 

Steen,  whose  paintings  are  on  exhibition  at  the  Koyal  Museum 
and  Picture  Gallery  at  The  Hague. 

Young  Gossett  was  brought  up  in  the  country ;  he  was  strong 
and  robust,  and  fond  of  athletic  sports  of  all  kinds.  His  father, 
at  the  time  of  his  son's  birth,  was  a  prosperous  planter  and  slave 
owner,  but  he  lost  all  in  the  war.  The  mother  died  in  1869  and 
the  father  in  1870,  leaving  eight  children.  Their  property  was 
sold  at  ruinous  prices  to  satisfy  pressing  debts,  in  consequence 
of  which  the  children  were  left  homeless.  This  was  during  the 
trying  days  when  the  state  was  overrun  by  the  negro  and  the 
carpetbagger,  then  by  the  Kuklux  Klan,  and  later  by  the  Federal 
troops;  each,  at  such  times,  thought  first  of  himself,  and  little 
provision  was  made  for  the  destitute.  There  were  no  charitable 
institutions  in  which  the  orphans  could  take  refuge  and  they  were 
scattered  among  neighbors  and  relatives.  James  was  assigned  to 
Eli  Bryant,  a  farmer,  near  Glendale,  Spartanburg  county,  to 
work  until  twenty-one  years  of  age,  at  which  time  he  was  to 
receive  "a  horse,  bridle  and  saddle,  and  $50  bounty,"  with  no 
mention  made  as  to  the  quality  of  the  horse.  The  old  man  was 
unlearned,  but  a  hardy  and  rugged  yeoman,  who,  by  hard  labor 
and  economy,  had  accumulated  means.  He  rose  before  day,  and, 
with  plow  in  the  field,  waited  for  light  to  run  the  furrow.  Here 
he  remained  until  the  stars  came  out  at  night.  The  boy  was 
with  him,  learning  all  kinds  of  farm  work.  He  loved  work  and 
the  fields,  but  longed  for  books  and  school.  These,  to  the  old 
man,  were  vain  and  hurtful.  Realizing  that  if  he  were  ever  to 
be  more  than  "a  hewer  of  wood  and  drawer  of  water"  it  must 
be  by  his  own  efforts,  the  boy  pressed  the  old  man  time  and 
again  either  to  send  him  to  school  or  release  him.  Both  alter- 
natives being  refused,  James  deliberately  and  openly  left,  without 
a  change  of  clothing  or  a  cent  in  his  pocket.  He  finally  settled 
at  Colerain,  Union  county,  with  C.  P.  Brown,  an  old  friend  of 
his  father,  who  paid  young  Gossett  seventy-two  dollars,  with 
"board  and  washing,"  for  his  first  year's  work.  Mr.  Brown  was 
a  prosperous  merchant  and  planter  and  encouraged  the  boy's 
ambition  for  an  education.  He  aided  him  in  saving,  in  three 
years,  one  hundred  dollars,  with  which  sum  the  youth,  on  Jan- 
uary 1,  1878,  entered  the  high  school  at  Pacolet,  South  Carolina, 
under  Professor  L.  B.  Haynes.  Though  eighteen  years  old, 
James  was  assigned  to  class  work  with  children  of  ten  and 


JAMES    PLEASANT    GOSSETT  147 

twelve;  but  his  determination  to  succeed  overcame  all  obstacles. 
He  bought  provisions,  hired  his  cooking  done,  and  paid  his  own 
way  with  the  proceeds  of  his  earlier  savings  and  of  cotton  raised 
while  in  school.  In  his  teachers,  especially  Professor  John  G. 
Clinkscales,  he  found  fast  friends.  In  1880  he  secured  a  first 
grade  certificate  to  teach  in  Spartanburg  county,  and  taught  for 
three  months  with  complete  success.  He  then  accepted  a  position 
as  salesman  in  the  store  of  Rogers  &  Clinkscales,  remaining 
during  1880-81.  In  1882  he  accepted  the  position  as  salesman 
and  traveling  agent  with  Wilkins,  Poe  &  Company,  of  Green- 
ville, South  Carolina,  remaining  until  1886,  when  he  entered  the 
service  of  William  Brice  &  Company,  wholesale  hardware  mer- 
chants of  New  York  City,  as  traveling  salesman.  Upon  the 
death  of  Mr.  Brice,  in  the  fall  of  1887,  Mr.  Gossett  went  with 
the  Bay  State  Shoe  and  Leather  company,  of  New  York  City, 
traveling  for  them  until  1902.  He  assisted  in  the  organization 
of  the  Williamston  Oil  and  Fertilizer  company,  and  served  as 
its  president  from  1895  to  1902.  In  1899  he  organized  the  Bank 
of  Williamston,  and  became  its  president  January  1,  1900.  He 
also  became  president  and  treasurer  of  the  Williamston  mills 
December  14,  1901,  both  of  which  positions  he  still  holds. 

In  1876  he  was  a  member  of  the  ;'Red  Shirt"  organization, 
which  overthrew  negro  domination  and  reestablished  white 
supremacy. 

Mr.  Gossett  is  a  Master,  Royal  Arch,  and  Council  Mason, 
a  member  of  the  South  Carolina  Bankers  association,  the  South 
Carolina  Traffic  association,  the  Cotton  Manufacturers  Associa- 
tion of  South  Carolina,  the  American  Cotton  Manufacturers 
association,  and  the  American  Asiatic  association. 

Mr.  Gossett  was  married  on  November  20,  1883,  to  Miss 
Sallie  Acker  Brown,  the  eldest  daughter  of  Doctor  Benjamin 
Franklin  and  Sallie  Wideman  Brown.  Eight  children  have  been 
born  to  them,  five  of  whom  are  now  (1907)  living.  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Gossett  reside  at  "The  Oaks,"  their  home,  in  the  beautiful 
little  town  of  Williamston,  South  Carolina. 


ROBERT  PICKET  HAMER 

HAMER,  ROBERT  PICKET,  of  Dillon,  Marion  county, 
South  Carolina,  planter,  and  president  of  the  Ilamer 
Cotton  mills,  was  born  at  Little  Rock,  Marion  county, 
on  the  15th  of  September,  1838.  His  father  was  a  planter,  a 
magistrate,  a  commissioner  of  public  buildings,  and  a  man  whose 
whole  life  was  characterized  by  an  interest  in  good  citizenship, 
Robert  Cockran  Hamer.  His  mother,  Mary  Bethea  Hamer,  died 
when  her  son,  Robert  P.  Hamer,  was  but  one  year  old;  and  one 
of  his  aunts  cared  for  him  through  his  boyhood.  His  father's 
family  were  of  English  descent,  and  the  first  American  ancestors 
of  whom  they  have  a  record  settled  in  Maryland. 

His  boyhood  was  passed  in  the  country ;  and  the  poor  health 
which  he  knew  as  a  little  child  led  him  to  delight  in  the  out-of- 
door  life  of  a  plantation,  particularly  in  the  live  stock,  and,  most 
of  all,  in  horses.  It  was  part  of  the  wise  plan  of  his  father 
always  to  keep  the  boy  employed,  certain  duties  about  the  home 
and  the  farm  inculcating  orderly  habits  and  giving  to  him,  even 
in  the  early  years  of  his  boyhood,  a  sense  that  he  was  trusted 
by  his  father  and  that  he  was  of  use. 

He  attended  the  Little  Rock  academy;  but  his  health  con- 
tinued so  delicate  that  his  father  was  unwilling  to  allow  the 
son  to  attend  college.  He  began  the  active  business  of  life  for 
himself  in  planting  and  farming  in  1859.  Before  he  had  reached 
middle  life  he  became  a  large  and  prosperous  land  owner,  owning 
nearly  three  thousand  acres  of  desirable  land,  and  cultivating 
about  eight  hundred  acres,  while  some  six  hundred  acres  are  in 
pasture  land,  and  fourteen  hundred  acres  are  of  fine  timber. 
From  eighteen  acres  of  his  cotton  land  he  recently  gathered  three 
thousand  six  hundred  pounds  of  seed  cotton  per  acre  in  one  year's 
crop.  As  a  planter,  Mr.  Hamer  has  interested  himself  in  varied 
agriculture,  peas,  forage,  corn  and  fodder,  sharing  his  attention 
with  cotton ;  while  thoroughbred  horses  and  Jersey  cattle  receive 
a  share  of  his  attention. 

After  attaining  decided  success  as  a  farmer,  Mr.  Hamer 
interested  himself  in  banking  and  manufacturing.  He  is  a  direc- 


ROBERT   PICKET   HAMER  149 

tor  of  the  Merchants  and  Farmers  Bank,  of  Marion,  South 
Carolina,  and  he  is  president  of  the  Hamer  Cotton  mill. 

He  has  never  offered  himself  as  a  candidate  for  public  office, 
although  his  fellow-citizens  have  frequently  requested  him  to  do 
so.  He  has  contented  himself  with  the  practical  service  which 
he  could  render  to  the  public  interests  of  his  community  as 
commissioner  of  roads  and  as  school  trustee. 

During  the  War  between  the  States  he  saw  a  year  of  service 
as  a  private  in  the  Confederate  army.  He  is  connected  with  the 
Democratic  party,  and  declares  that  he  has  never  changed  his 
allegiance,  "unless  the  avowed  advocacy  of  Cleveland  as  a  can- 
didate should  be  considered  a  change  from  Democracy."  Mr. 
Hamer  is  also  a  member  of  the  order  of  Masons.  He  is  connected 
with  the  Methodist  church.  He  has  found  sufficient  exercise 
and  amusement,  he  says,  "in  his  daily  business";  and  following 
diversified  pursuits  as  he  has  done  in  combining  farming  with 
manufacturing  and  banking,  it  is  evident  that  the  relaxation 
which  comes  from  a  change  in  the  kind  of  effort  put  forth  is 
made  possible  in  the  routine  of  Mr.  Hamer's  daily  business. 

He  was  married  to  Miss  Sallie  D.  McCall  on  the  31st  of 
October,  1859.  They  have  had  fourteen  children,  nine  of  whom 
are  living  in  1907. 


Vol.  I— S.   C.— 8 


ALEXANDER  CHEVES  HASKELL 

HASKELL,  ALEXANDEE  CHEVES,  soldier,  lawyer, 
jurist,  financier,  and  business  executive,  was  born  in 
the  Abbeville  district,  South  Carolina,  on  September 
22,  1839,  the  son  of  Charles  Thomson  and  Sophia  L.  (Cheves) 
Haskell.  He  is  the  scion  of  an  old  American  family  of  English 
origin,  which  antedated  the  Revolutionary  era.  Elnathan  Has- 
kell came  to  South  Carolina  with  General  Howe  when  he  took 
command  at  Charleston,  and  left  the  army  with  the  rank  of 
major,  subsequently  settling  in  St.  Matthew's  parish,  near  Fort 
Mott,  South  Carolina.  Here  he  married  Charlotte  Thomson,  a 
daughter  of  Colonel  William  Thomson,  who  commanded  the 
Carolinian  Rifle  rangers,  organized  in  the  state  in  1775.  Major 
Haskell's  death  took  place  on  December  21,  1825,  at  Zantee,  his 
country  estate  in  Orangeburg  district,  South  Carolina. 

Among  the  children  of  Major  Haskell  was  Charles  Thomson 
Haskell,  father  of  Alexander  Cheves  Haskell,  who  was  born  in 
1802.  The  elder  Haskell  was  a  prominent  planter,  and  gained  a 
wide  celebrity  in  many  portions  of  the  state  for  his  hospitality, 
genial  companionship,  and  many  other  excellent  traits  of  char- 
acter. For  a  number  of  years  he  served  in  the  South  Carolina 
house  of  representatives,  and  was  generally  active  in  the  public 
life  of  the  state.  On  December  1,  1830,  he  married  Sophia  L. 
Cheves,  daughter  of  Langdon  Cheves,  of  Charleston,  South  Caro- 
lina, and  they  had  a  family  of  ten  children,  of  whom  Alexander 
C.  was  the  sixth  in  order  of  birth. 

In  early  years,  as  was  the  custom  in  the  best  Southern  fam- 
ilies, Alexander  Haskell  was  educated  at  home  under  private 
instructors.  When  about  fifteen  years  of  age  he  attended  a  school 
for  some  time  at  Charleston,  South  Carolina.  In  1856  he  entered 
South  Carolina  college,  at  Columbia,  from  which  he  was  gradu- 
ated with  high  honors  in  1860.  Among  his  classmates  was  T.  M. 
Logan,  who  subsequently  rose  to  the  rank  of  brigadier-general 
in  the  Confederate  army,  and  left  a  noble  record  of  conspicuous 
service. 

On  January  3,  1861,  young  Haskell  enlisted  as  a  private  in 
Company  D,  First  regiment,  South  Carolina  Volunteer  infantry, 


PUBLIC  LIBRAE ..  ^ 


ALEXANDER    CHEVES    HASKELL  153 

under  the  command  of  Colonel  Maxcy  Gregg.  The  original  term 
of  enlistment  for  the  regiment  was  six  months,  but  at  the  expi- 
ration of  that  time  it  was  reorganized,  and  Mr.  Haskell  was 
appointed  adjutant,  which  rank  he  retained  until  November, 
1861.  At  that  time  Colonel  Gregg  was  advanced  to  brigadier- 
general,  and  Adjutant  Haskell  received  appointment  as  his  chief 
of  staff  with  the  rank  of  captain,  continuing  in  this  position 
until  the  death  of  General  Gregg  at  Fredericksburg,  Virginia, 
in  1862.  He  continued  on  staff  service  under  General  Gregg's 
successor,  General  Samuel  McGowan,  and  also  under  General 
Abner  Perrin.  In  March,  1864,  he  was  appointed  colonel  of 
the  Seventh  South  Carolina  cavalry,  and  continued  in  command 
of  that  regiment  until  the  surrender  of  General  Lee's  forces  at 
Appomattox.  On  this  occasion  he  was  detailed  by  General  Wil- 
liam H.  F.  Lee  to  surrender  the  Confederate  cavalry  to  General 
Merritt  of  the  Federal  army. 

During  his  years  of  military  service,  Colonel  Haskell  saw 
active  duty  from  Sullivan's  Island  to  Appomattox.  He  was 
engaged  in  the  battles  of  Sharpsburg,  Fredericksburg,  Chancel- 
lorsville,  Cold  Harbor,  and  many  other  important  engagements 
incident  to  the  campaigns  in  which  his  command  took  part.  At 
the  battle  of  Malta-dequeen  Creek,  in  May,  1864,  he  was  seriously 
wounded,  and  still  carries  the  ball.  He  was  also  wounded  and 
left  on  the  field  among  the  dead  at  Darbytown,  near  Richmond, 
on  October  7,  1864.  Previously  he  had  sustained  wounds  at 
Fredericksburg,  on  December  12,  1862,  and  at  Chancellorsville, 
in  May,  1863. 

Upon  his  return  from  the  army  at  the  close  of  the  war, 
Colonel  Haskell  began  his  civic  career  as  a  school  teacher  at 
Abbeville,  South  Carolina.  In  connection  with  his  duties  as 
schoolmaster,  he  simultaneously  took  up  the  study  of  law,  which 
profession  he  had  decided  to  follow.  In  December,  1865,  he  was 
admitted  to  the  South  Carolina  bar,  and  in  the  same  year  was 
elected  to  the  lower  house  of  the  state  legislature  from  his  native 
county.  He  served  two  years  in  this  body,  during  which  time 
he  also  pursued  the  practice  of  law,  and  at  the  end  of  the  term 
was  elected  judge  of  the  district  court  at  Abbeville.  He  had  just 
fairly  entered  upon  his  judicial  duties  when  he  was  elected  to  a 
professorship  of  law  in  South  Carolina  university,  at  Columbia. 
Consequently,  he  resigned  the  judgeship  in  September  of  the 


154  ALEXANDER    CHEVES    HASKELL 

same  year  to  enter  upon  his  professorship.  He  held  the  chair 
of  law  until  July,  1868,  when  he  was  made  a  presidential  elector, 
and  took  an  active  part  in  the  state  campaign  in  behalf  of  the 
Democratic  national  ticket,  with  great  credit  to  himself  and 
important  results  to  the  party. 

At  the  close  of  this  campaign  he  opened  a  law  office  in 
Columbia,  and  shortly  thereafter  associated  himself  in  the  prac- 
tice of  his  profession  with  Joseph  D.  Pope,  a  partnership  which 
lasted  until  December,  1877.  In  the  last  named  year  he  was 
elected  associate  justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  South  Carolina, 
and  during  a  career  of  two  years  on  the  bench  gained  much 
distinction  for  his  wide  legal  learning  as  well  as  for  his  distinct 
judicial  qualities.  Two  years  before  the  expiration  of  his  term 
on  the  bench  he  resigned  to  accept  the  presidency  of  the  Char- 
lotte, Columbia  and  Augusta  railroad.  This  office  he  held  until 
1889.  Meanwhile,  in  1883,  he  was  elected  president  of  the  Colum- 
bia and  Greenville  railroad,  which  has  subsequently  merged  with 
the  former  company.  In  his  administration  of  these  roads  he 
exhibited  a  high  order  of  executive  ability,  and  showed  himself 
to  be  a  skillful  financier.  When  they  passed  under  a  new  owner- 
ship he  became  the  chief  leader  in  the  organization  of  the  Loan 
and  Exchange  Bank  of  South  Carolina,  to  the  presidency  of 
which  he  was  elected  in  1886.  He  remained  at  the  head  of  this 
bank  until  1897.  In  December  of  that  year  he  effected  the  con- 
solidation of  the  Loan  and  Exchange  Bank  with  the  Canal  Bank, 
the  latter  going  into  liquidation,  and  its  president,  Mr.  Edwin 
W.  Robertson,  becoming  president  of  the  Loan  and  Exchange 
Bank,  with  capital  raised  to  $150,000.  In  1902  the  Central 
National  Bank  of  Columbia,  capital  $100,000,  was  absorbed  by 
the  Loan  and  Exchange  Bank,  the  capital  of  the  latter  being 
raised  to  $300,000.  In  July,  1903,  the  bank  was  converted  into 
the  National  Loan  and  Exchange  Bank  of  Columbia,  with  a 
capital  of  $500,000.  Since  his  resignation  as  president  in  1897, 
Judge  Haskell  has  been  vice-president,  and  still  occupies  that 
position  in  the  National  Bank. 

During  the  memorable  campaign  of  1876,  Judge  Haskell  was 
chairman  of  the  Democratic  State  Executive  committee,  and  his 
part  in  the  politics  of  the  state  was  commendable  both  for  wis- 
dom and  generalship.  At  its  close,  when  the  dispute  over  the 


ALEXANDER    CHEVES    HASKELL  155 

governorship  had  reached  an  acute  stage,  he  was  chosen  to  repre- 
sent the  state  at  Washington  to  secure  the  recognition  by  the 
Federal  authorities  of  General  Wade  Hampton  as  governor. 
After  six  weeks  of  unremitting  effort,  General  Hampton  was 
recognized  and  popular  government  vindicated  through  his  per- 
sistence, ability  and  tactful  conduct  of  the  situation.  From  1887 
to  1889  he  was,  through  appointment  by  President  Cleveland, 
one  of  the  directors  on  behalf  of  the  United  States  government 
of  the  Union  Pacific  railroad,  and  was  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee which  originally  reported  the  plan  followed  in  the  final 
adjustment  of  the  relations  growing  out  of  the  situation.  He 
was  in  this  capacity  associated  with  Mark  Hanna,  Judge  Savage, 
Franklin  H.  McVeagh,  and  Frederick  R.  Coudert,  as  government 
directors.  In  1890  he  led  the  opposition  to  Governor  B.  R. 
Tillman,  and  received  the  nomination  for  governor  as  a  protest 
against  the  issues  of  that  well-known  gubernatorial  campaign. 

Judge  Haskell  has  achieved  notable  success  in  several  fields 
of  endeavor.  He  is  a  brilliant  lawyer,  a  capable  jurist,  an  expe- 
rienced financier,  a  strong  executive  and  organizer,  a  forceful 
advocate,  whether  of  the  cause  of  a  client  or  the  larger  issues  of 
the  people,  and  he  made  an  excellent  record  on  the  field  of  battle. 

He  has  been  twice  married.  First,  on  September  10,  1861, 
to  Rebecca  C.  Singleton,  daughter  of  John  and  Mary  Singleton, 
of  Richland  county,  South  Carolina,  who  died  on  June  20,  1862, 
leaving  one  daughter;  and  second,  on  November  23,  1870,  to 
Alice  V.  Alexander,  daughter  of  A.  L.  and  Sarah  H.  Hillhouse 
Alexander,  of  Washington,  Georgia,  and  sister  of  General  E.  P. 
Alexander,  of  Savannah.  By  his  second  marriage  he  had  ten 
children,  all  of  whom  are  now  (1907)  living.  His  second  wife 
died  on  October  29,  1902. 

His  address  is  Columbia,  Richland  county,  South  Carolina. 


JOHN  CHEVES  HASKELL 

HASKELL,  JOHN  CHEVES,  lawyer,  planter,  and  legis- 
lator, was  born  on  a  plantation  in  Abbeville  county, 
South  Carolina,  October  21,  1841.  His  parents  were 
Charles  Thomson  and  Sophia  Lovell  (Cheves)  Haskell.  His 
father  was  an  energetic  and  industrious  man,  of  imperious  dispo- 
sition, who  owned  and  successfully  managed  a  large  plantation. 
Although  he  did  not  seek  public  life,  he  served  for  two  years  as 
a  member  of  the  state  legislature.  His  mother  was  a  daughter 
of  Langdon  Cheves,  whose  father  came  from  Scotland  and  whose 
grandfather  was  a  banker  near  Glasgow.  Langdon  Cheves 
removed  to  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  and  practiced  law  there 
with  great  success  until  he  was  elected  to  congress,  where  he 
served  as  chairman  of  the  Ways  and  Means  committee  and  suc- 
ceeded Henry  Clay  as  speaker  of  the  house,  in  which  position  he 
served  for  two  terms.  Later  he  became  president  of  the  Bank  of 
the  United  States.  After  several  years'  service  in  this  capacity 
he  resigned  and  accepted  the  position  of  chairman  of  the  com- 
mittee under  the  treaty  of  Ghent.  Later  he  became  judge  of 
the  circuit  court  of  South  Carolina.  After  resigning  from  this 
position  he  removed  to  Georgia,  where  he  became  a  successful 
planter.  The  earliest  ancestors  of  the  family  to  come  to  this 
country  were  named  Thomson,  who  came  from  Wales  and  settled 
in  Massachusetts.  Some  members  of  the  family  were  prominent 
in  the  war  of  the  Revolution.  One  of  them  came  to  South 
Carolina  with  General  Gates,  married  and  made  his  home  in 
Charleston,  and  conducted  farming  operations  on  a  large  scale 
in  Orangeburg  county. 

Until  he  was  seventeen  years  of  age,  John  Haskell  lived  on 
his  father's  plantation  in  Abbeville  county.  He  attended  the 
local  schools  and  then  entered  the  famous  school  of  Searle,  Miles 
and  Sachtleben,  in  Charleston,  where  he  was  prepared  for  college. 
His  favorite  books  were  works  on  history  and  biography — 
especially  Plutarch's  Lives.  In  December,  1859,  he  entered  the 
South  Carolina  college,  at  Columbia.  Here  he  remained  until 
the  opening  of  the  War  between  the  States.  Early  in  April, 
1861,  he  entered  the  Confederate  States  army  and  was  serving 


SKfi  efjWarkl 


JOHN    CHEVES    HASKELL  159 

on  Sullivan's  Island  as  courier  and  volunteer  aide  to  Colonel 
Richard  Anderson  when  Fort  Sumter  fell.  He  was  promoted 
junior  lieutenant  of  Company  A,  First  South  Carolina  regulars. 
After  the  surrender  of  Fort  Sumter  the  company  was  equipped 
as  a  light  battery  and  was  sent  to  Virginia  soon  after  the  first 
battle  of  Manassas.  He  reached  the  rank  of  colonel,  took  part 
in  many  battles,  and  won  the  esteem  of  his  commanders  and  of 
his  comrades.  After  the  close  of  the  war  he  located  in  Missis- 
sippi, and  for  ten  years  was  engaged  in  planting,  but  during  the 
last  two  years  of  the  time  he  read  law,  and  at  the  expiration  of 
that  period  he  was  admitted  to  the  Mississippi  bar.  In  1877, 
Mr.  Haskell  removed  to  South  Carolina  and  was  elected  a  mem- 
ber of  the  state  legislature  and  by  successive  reelections  continued 
in  that  capacity  until  1896.  During  the  last  four  years  of  his 
legislative  service  he  was  chairman  of  the  Ways  and  Means  com- 
mittee. When  the  Tillman  forces  gained  control  of  the  state, 
Mr.  Haskell  resigned  from  the  legislature  and  since  that  time  he 
has  not  held  public  office.  For  two  years  after  returning  to  his 
native  state  he  gave  much  time  to  planting.  He  then  removed 
to  Columbia,  where,  when  not  engaged  in  legislative  duties,  he 
practiced  law  with  great  success,  until  1890,  when  he  became 
receiver  of  a  railroad  and  also  of  a  company  which  was  engaged 
in  mining  coal  and  iron  ore  and  operating  furnaces  at  Bristol, 
Virginia.  He  was  engaged  in  this  work  until  1896,  when  he 
received  an  injury  which  disabled  him,  temporarily,  from  active 
service.  He  is  a  member  of  the  D.  K.  E.  fraternity  and  of  the 
Clariosophic  society  of  the  South  Carolina  college.  In  politics 
he  has  always  been  a  Democrat.  His  religious  affiliation  is  with 
the  Protestant  Episcopal  church. 

In  1865,  Mr.  Haskell  was  married  to  Sallie  Hampton,  daugh- 
ter of  General  Wade  Hampton,  of  South  Carolina,  who  died  in 
1886.  In  1896  he  married  Lucy  Hampton,  daughter  of  Colonel 
Frank  Hampton.  Of  his  four  children,  by  his  first  wife,  all  are 
living  in  1907. 

His  postoffice  address  is  Columbia,  South  Carolina. 


EDGAR  CHARLES  HAYNSWORTH 

HAYNSWORTH,  EDGAR  CHARLES,  was  born  June 
27,  1859,  in  Sumter,  South  Carolina.  He  is  the  son 
of  William  F.  B.  and  Mary  L.  Charles  Haynsworth. 
His  father  was  a  lawyer,  a  commissioner  in  equity,  and  county 
treasurer  under  the  Hampton  administration.  The  earliest  known 
paternal  ancestors,  the  Haynsworths  and  Furmans,  moved  in  the 
middle  of  the  eighteenth  century  from  Virginia  to  South  Caro- 
lina. Mr.  Haynsworth's  paternal  grandmother  was  a  Morse,  from 
Connecticut.  His  maternal  ancestors,  the  Charles  family,  moved 
to  the  state  from  Philadelphia  at  about  the  same  time  as  did 
also  other  of  the  maternal  relatives,  i.  e.,  the  Lides  and  Pughs, 
of  the  old  Welsh  Neck  settlement. 

Mr.  Haynsworth's  early  life  was  passed  at  Sumter.  For 
three  years  he  attended  Furman  university.  He  came  of  a  family 
of  lawyers.  His  father,  grandfather,  and  other  of  his  relatives, 
followed  this  profession.  This  fact  influenced  his  choice  of  the 
same  line  of  work.  For  a  time  he  taught  school,  studying  law 
meanwhile.  Later  he  entered  upon  the  practice  of  his  profession. 

Mr.  Haynsworth  has  held  offices  in  his  county  and  on  city 
boards  of  education.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Chi  Psi  college 
fraternity  and  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias.  He  is  a  Democrat  in 
politics;  in  religion,  a  Baptist.  His  relaxation  he  finds  in  the 
pursuit  of  agriculture. 

On  June  27,  1898,  he  married  Clara  B.  Talley.  Seven  chil- 
dren have  been  born  of  this  marriage. 

Mr.  Haynsworth's  address  is  103  E.  Calhoun  street,  Sumter, 
South  Carolina. 


TO»S 


DANIEL  SULLIVAN  HENDERSON 

HENDERSON,  DANIEL  SULLIVAN,  was  born  in  the 
town  of  Walterboro,  Colleton  district  (now  county), 
South  Carolina,  April  19,  1849,  and  was  a  son  of  Daniel 
S.  Henderson  and  Caroline  Rebecca  Webb,  his  wife.  His  father 
was  a  lawyer  of  prominence  and  for  some  time  a  member  of  the 
general  assembly  of  South  Carolina.  His  marked  characteristics 
were  honesty,  fair  dealing,  and  Christian  fortitude.  The  Hen- 
dersons had  come  to  America  from  County  Armagh,  in  the  north 
of  Ireland,  and  the  Webbs  from  England.  Benjamin  Webb,  his 
great-grandfather,  married,  in  1763,  Rebecca  Pinckney,  a  daugh- 
ter of  Major  William  Pinckney,  sometime  master  in  chancery, 
and  sometime  commissary  general  of  the  province  of  South 
Carolina,  and  brother  of  Chief  Justice  Charles  Pinckney.  Mrs. 
Webb  was,  therefore,  a  first  cousin  of  Charles  Cotesworth  Pinck- 
ney and  Thomas  Pinckney,  distinguished  soldiers  of  the  United 
States  army,  and  diplomatists.  Her  brother,  Colonel  Charles 
Pinckney,  was  a  distinguished  soldier  and  statesman  of  the 
Revolution,  and  her  nephew,  Charles  Pinckney,  was  four  times 
governor  of  South  Carolina,  a  United  States  senator  and  some- 
time United  States  minister  to  Spain. 

Young  Daniel  S.  Henderson  was  healthy  as  a  child,  and 
fond  of  study.  His  mother  died  while  he  was  yet  quite  young, 
and  he  was  reared  by  a  relative — a  woman  of  excellent  qualities 
of  mind  and  heart — whose  influence  upon  him  was  beneficent  and 
enduring.  He  was  raised  up  in  his  quiet  little  native  village  and 
attended  the  Walterboro  academy  until  old  enough  to  attend 
college.  His  spare  moments  were  spent  in  reading  history  and 
travels,  so  that  his  preparatory  training  had  well  fitted  him  to 
win  a  scholarship  at  the  College  of  Charleston,  where  he  was 
graduated  in  1870  with  the  first  honors  of  his  class.  The  war 
had  left  his  family  poor,  and  the  young  student  had  to  work 
his  way  through  college,  but,  with  that  energy  and  intelligence 
which  has  always  characterized  him,  he  succeeded  as  few  in  such 
circumstances  do.  For  a  short  time  after  leaving  college  he 
studied  law  in  the  office  of  Simons  and  Seigling  in  Charleston. 


164  .        DANIEL   SULLIVAN    HENDERSON 

At  the  expiration  of  this  period  he  went  to  Chester,  South  Caro- 
lina, as  a  school  teacher.  His  manly  bearing,  self-reliance  and 
thorough  methods  won  him  success  as  a  teacher.  In  his  spare 
moments  he  continued  the  study  of  law.  In  1872  he  was  admitted 
to  the  bar  and  went  to  Aiken,  South  Carolina,  and  opened  an 
office.  He  made  friends  rapidly,  and  those  friends  were  not  long 
in  finding  out  that  he  was  an  unusually  able  young  man,  and  his 
rise  in  his  profession  and  in  business  was  rapid.  During  the 
troublous  campaign  of  1876,  when  South  Carolina  was  redeemed 
from  the  disgraceful  rule  of  ignorant,  illiterate  native  whites, 
half  savage  negroes,  aliens,  and  a  general  combination  of  thieves, 
young  Henderson  came  to  the  front  as  a  leader  in  the  struggle 
for  white  supremacy,  honesty,  and  decency.  When  six  hundred 
respectable  and  prominent  citizens  of  the  State  were  arrested  and 
haled  into  court  for  complicity  in  the  Hamburg  riot  of  that  year, 
he  defended  them,  and  the  manner  in  which  he  conducted  that 
defence  won  for  him  a  lasting  reputation  as  one  of  the  ablest 
lawyers  of  the  state.  A  motion  for  bail  was  made  before  Judge 
Maher  and  was  opposed  by  the  radical  Attorney- General  Stone 
and  United  States  District  Attorney  Corbin.  General  M.  C. 
Butler  and  Colonel  A.  Pickens  Butler  were  two  of  the  most 
prominent  defendants.  The  trial  resulted  in  a  victory  for  the 
defendants. 

Mr.  Henderson  also  defended,  in  the  United  States  court, 
those  charged  with  complicity  in  the  riots  at  Ellenton.  He 
there  proved  himself  not  only  a  lawyer  of  ability,  but  a  stubborn 
fighter  of  untiring  perseverance,  coolness,  and  determination. 
His  splendid  plea  for  the  defence,  and  especially  his  examination 
of  the  witnesses,  was  openly  praised  by  Chief  Justice  Waite  of 
the  United  States  supreme  court,  who  presided  at  the  trial.  He" 
charged  no  fee  for  conducting  this  defence,  but  to  this  day  he 
wears  a  gold  watch  and  chain  that  were  presented  to  him  by  the 
people  of  his  county  in  recognition  of  his  patriotic  services  to 
his  people  on  this  occasion.  He  declined  the  Democratic  nomi- 
nation to  the  State  senate  from  his  county  in  1876.  He  was  too 
young  to  enter  politics.  In  1880  he  was  elected  to  the  State 
senate  from  Aiken  county.  He  was  now  a  State  leader.  He  was 
the  author  of  the  an ti- duelling  oath  prescribed  for  office-holders 
in  South  Carolina.  He  was  an  earnest  advocate  of  the  legislation 
by  which  a  railroad  commission  for  the  regulating  of  railroad 


DANIEL    SULLIVAN    HENDERSON  165 

traffic  was  established  for  South  Carolina;  of  the  law  against 
carrying  concealed  weapons;  and  of  the  eight-ballot-box  law,  by 
which  the  white  man's  rule  was  perpetuated  through  an  educa- 
tional test  for  voters.  He  retired  from  the  senate  in  1884.  In 
the  same  year  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  Democratic  National 
convention,  held  in  Chicago,  which  nominated  Cleveland  for 
president.  In  1886  he  was  a  candidate  for  congress  in  the  then 
second  district.  His  opponents  were  Honorable  George  D.  Till- 
man,  the  incumbent,  of  Edgefield  county,  and  Colonel  Robert 
Aldrich,  of  Barnwell.  Mr.  Henderson  went  into  the  convention 
with  ten  votes  from  his  home  county.  Colonel  Aldrich  had  the 
twelve  from  Barnwell  county  and  the  three  from  the  portion  of 
Colleton  county  lying  in  the  district.  Mr.  Tillman  had  the 
twenty  votes  from  Edgefield  and  Hampton  counties.  For  over 
three  weeks  the  convention  ballotted  without  breaking  the  dead- 
lock. Two  of  the  Colleton  delegates  were  the  first  to  desert  their 
favorite  and  go  to  Tillman,  and  finally  a  Barnwell  man  made 
the  twenty-three  necessary  to  a  choice,  but  Henderson's  followers 
from  first  to  last  were  as  immovable  in  his  support  as  a  stone 
wall.  In  1895  his  county  sent  him  as  a  delegate  to  the  State 
Constitutional  convention,  receiving  the  support  of  both  factions 
of  the  Democratic  party  in  the  party  primary.  There  he  was 
one  of  the  leaders.  In  1896  he  was  elected  to  the  State  senate  by 
an  overwhelming  majority  and  was  reflected  by  a  like  majority 
in  1900.  Conspicuous  among  the  legislative  enactments  to  which 
he  gave  his  support  on  the  floor  of  the  senate  were  the  county 
government  law ;  the  law  equalizing  the  taxes  of  the  cotton  mills 
and  fertilizer  factories ;  the  separate  coach  law,  and  the  anti-trust 
law.  He  was  chairman  of  the  committee  on  education. 

In  1902,  Mr.  Henderson  resigned  from  the  State  senate  in 
order  to  become  a  candidate  in  the  Democratic  primary  of  South 
Carolina  for  the  Democratic  nomination  for  the  United  States 
senate,  to  fill  the  seat  of  John  L.  McLaurin,  whose  term  was  to 
expire  March  4,  1903.  In  that  contest  he  was  unsuccessful,  but 
ran  third  in  a  race  in  which  there  were  six  aspirants,  the  highest 
of  whom  was  only  a  few  thousand  votes  ahead  of  the  lowest. 

In  1904,  Mr.  Henderson  was  elected  president  of  the  State 
Democratic  convention,  defeating  ex-Governor  McSweeney  by  a 
handsome  vote. 


166  DANIEL    SULLIVAN    HENDERSON 

Mr.  Henderson's  law  practice  is  one  of  the  largest  in  the 
State.  He  is  associated  with  his  brother  and  a  son,  under  the 
name  "Hendersons,"  and  their  business  extends  to  all  parts  of 
the  state.  He  is  one  of  the  most  graceful  speakers  in  South 
Carolina,  and  is  popularly  described  as  "silver-tongued."  He  is 
a  man  of  fine  presence,  one  of  the  foremost  South  Carolinians 
of  today. 

His  address  is  Aiken,  South  Carolina. 


WE  NSW  70$- 

PUBLIC  LIBRARY  i 


TII.33BN  FOUNDATIOKi 


- 

- 


DANIEL  OSCAR  HERBERT 

HERBERT,  DANIEL  OSCAR,  lawyer,  banker,  colonel  in 
the  South  Carolina  militia,  in  1902  elected  member  of 
the  house  of  representatives  of  his  state,  and  reflected 
in  1904  by  the  highest  vote  ever  received  in  Orangeburg,  was 
born  in  Newberry  county,  South  Carolina,  April  19,  1857.  He 
is  the  son  of  Captain  Chesley  W.  Herbert,  a  farmer  and  magis- 
trate, who  was  captain  of  Company  C  in  the  Third  South  Caro- 
lina regiment  during  the  war,  from  1861  to  1865,  and  lost  his 
life  in  the  troublous  times  of  1866.  His  son  speaks  of  him  as 
a  man  of  "quiet  and  even  temper,  of  stern  integrity,  and  of  a 
strongly  religious  temperament."  His  mother,  Mrs.  Elizabeth  S. 
Herbert,  was  his  principal  teacher  in  his  youth,  and  he  had  no 
other  teacher  until  he  was  fifteen  years  of  age.  He  says :  "I  owe 
my  education  almost  entirely  to  my  mother,  who  devoted  herself 
to  the  education  of  her  children."  Her  son  owes  her  a  deep  and 
lasting  debt  for  intellectual  and  moral  influences,  which  have 
helped  to  ennoble  his  life. 

The  Herbert  family  came  from  England  more  than  two 
hundred  years  ago,  and  settled  in  New  York  and  New  Jersey. 
The  great  great-grandfather  of  Colonel  D.  O.  Herbert,  Walter 
Herbert,  was  born  in  New  Jersey  in  1742,  and  was  living  in 
Newberry  county.  South  Carolina,  at  the  time  of  the  Revolu- 
tionary war.  His  son,  Walter  Herbert,  Jr.,  born  in  1773,  was  a 
prominent  man  in  that  county,  a  magistrate,  and  for  several  years 
a  member  of  the  state  legislature.  His  son  was  also  prominent 
as  a  planter,  a  magistrate,  and  a  member  of  the  legislature. 

Spending  his  boyhood  in  the  country,  robust  of  health  and 
always  well-grown  for  his  age,  D.  O.  Herbert's  taste  and  interest 
in  childhood  and  youth  centered  first  in  reading  and  study;  but 
he  enjoyed  keenly  hunting,  fishing,  and  all  out-of-door  sports. 
He  was  trained  in  his  boyhood  to  regular  tasks  upon  a  farm. 
This  developed  a  strong  physique.  He  says:  "I  followed  the 
plow  and  hoe  at  thirteen  and  fourteen,  and  cultivated  my  own 
crop  of  cotton  and  corn  when  I  was  fourteen." 

After  studying  at  home  under  the  inspiring  direction  and 
the  careful  teaching  of  his  mother,  he  was  for  a  time  in  the 


170  DANIEL  OSCAR  HERBERT 

preparatory  department  of  Wofford  college,  and  he  was  gradu- 
ated from  Wofford  college  in  1878  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  and 
with  the  first  honor  in  his  class.  After  a  year  of  post-graduate 
study  at  Wofford,  he  received,  in  1879,  the  degree  of  Master  of 
Arts.  Two  years  of  professional  study  followed,  in  the  law 
school  of  Vanderbilt  university,  from  which  he  received  the 
degree  of  Bachelor  of  Law  in  1881.  He  taught  school  for  one 
year.  His  own  preference  and  choice,  after  mature  deliberation, 
led  him  to  the  profession  of  the  law.  After  some  years  of 
practice,  from  1887  to  1890,  as  United  States  postoffice  inspector 
he  traveled  widely  through  the  United  States,  becoming  well 
acquainted  with  many  towns  and  cities  in  many  of  the  different 
commonwealths  of  our  country.  He  has  been  practicing  law  in 
Orangeburg  since  1890. 

He  is  president  of  the  People's  Bank,  which  he  organized 
in  1901;  president  of  the  Cameron  Oil  mill;  president  of  the 
Building  and  Loan  association,  and  of  other  organizations.  In 
1899  he  was  elected  alderman  of  Orangeburg;  in  1901  he  was 
appointed  a  member  of  the  county  board  of  education,  and  from 
1902  to  1906  he  served  in  the  South  Carolina  house  of  represen- 
tatives, but  declined  to  be  a  candidate  for  reelection.  While  a 
legislator  he  worked  earnestly  in  the  interest  of  education.  He 
was  the  author  of,  and  strongly  supported,  the  Clemson  Scholar- 
ship bill ;  and  the  "Dog  Law,"  under  which  dogs  of  the  state  are 
so  taxed  as  to  contribute  twenty  thousand  dollars  toward  the 
support  of  the  common  schools  of  the  state.  Every  man  who 
loves  a  dog  has,  in  South  Carolina,  a  double  reason  for  caring 
for  the  good  dogs  which  help  to  keep  open  the  public  schools 
for  poor  men's  children. 

For  fifteen  years  Colonel  Herbert  has  served  in  the  state 
militia  of  South  Carolina,  at  first  in  the  ranks  of  the  Edisto 
Rifles,  in  which  he  has  filled  every  position,  from  private  to 
captain.  He  served  for  six  years  as  captain  of  the  Rifles,  and 
commanded  the  company  in  the  Spanish- American  war,  where  it 
was  known  as  Company  C  of  the  Second  South  Carolina  regi- 
ment, from  1898  to  1899,  and,  by  all  who  knew  it,  was  regarded 
as  one  of  the  best  companies  which  went  from  South  Carolina 
under  Colonel  (now  General)  Wilie  Jones.  After  the  company 
and  its  captain  had  been  mustered  out  of  the  United  States 
service,  Captain  Herbert  was  elected  lieutenant- colonel  of  the 


DANIEL  OSCAR  HERBERT  171 

Second  regiment  of  South  Carolina  militia,  and  on  January  1, 
1903,  he  was  elected  colonel  of  that  regiment.  On  July  1,  1905, 
Governor  Heyward  appointed  Colonel  Herbert  inspector  of  small 
arms  for  the  state  militia — a  position  which  he  still  holds  with 
the  rank  of  colonel. 

By  religious  conviction  he  is  allied  with  the  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church,  South.  In  his  political  affiliations  he  is  a  Democrat. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias,  of  the  Woodmen  of 
the  World,  etc.  His  favorite  forms  of  exercise  have  been  base- 
ball, football,  and  tennis.  He  says,  "the  influences  of  my  college 
life  and  studies  at  Wofford  have  been  preponderant  in  such 
success  as  I  have  won";  and  he  places  the  influence  of  his  home 
as  the  next  strongest  in  impelling  him  to  success  and  qualifying 
him  to  attain  it. 

On  January  25,  1893,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Julia  S.  Salley, 
daughter  of  Mr.  A.  M.  Salley,  and  granddaughter  of  Dr.  Alex- 
ander S.  Salley,  of  Orangeburg,  South  Carolina.  They  have  had 
five  children,  all  of  whom  are  living  in  1907. 

His  address  is  Orangeburg,  Orangeburg  county,  South  Caro- 
lina. 


JOSHUA  HILARY  HUDSON 

HUDSON,  JOSHUA  HILAEY,  son  of  Dabney  and 
Narcissa  Cook  Hudson,  was  born  at  Chester,  South 
Carolina,  January  29,  1832.  Dabney  Hudson  was  a 
tailor  by  trade,  a  man  small  of  stature,  handsome  of  person, 
genial  and  social.  Joshua  Hudson,  the  earliest  known  ancestor 
of  this  family,  the  great  great-grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this 
sketch,  and  a  man  of  English  parentage,  settled  in  Amherst 
county,  Virginia,  in  1745. 

Young  Hudson  was,  as  a  boy,  strong  and  healthy,  fond  of 
the  usual  sports  and  amusements  of  boyhood,  and  devoted  to 
books.  His  early  life  was  passed  in  the  village  of  Chester.  For- 
tunately, regular  manual  labor  was  required  of  him.  Serving  in 
every  way  in  which  a  poor  boy  can  help  a  poor  mother,  gave 
him  the  useful  discipline  which  can  come  only  through  toil. 

Young  Hudson's  life  was,  in  every  way,  greatly  influenced 
by  his  mother.  She  was  a  devout  Christian,  a  member  of  the 
Baptist  church,  and  a  woman  whose  religion  rose  above  form  and 
ceremonv  and  became  a  matter  of  character  and  life.  She,  in 

V 

part,  directed  his  reading,  and  thus  deepened  the  impressions  she 
had  otherwise  made  upon  his  mind  and  heart.  He  early  became 
interested  in  that  greatest  of  classics,  the  Bible,  which  he  supple- 
mented with  those  other  inexhaustible  reservoirs  of  wisdom  and 
inspiration,  history  and  biography.  School,  early  companionship 
and  private  study  cooperated  with  the  influences  already  named. 
In  these  circumstances  the  boy  early  developed  an  ambition  to 
become  a  worthy  and  useful  member  of  society,  and  his  later  asso- 
ciations with  men  in  active  life  helped  him  greatly  in  carrying 
out  his  purpose. 

The  road  to  an  education  proved  by  no  means  a  royal  one 
to  Joshua  Hudson.  Straitened  circumstances,  lack  of  free  time, 
and  indifferent  school  facilities,  combined  to  retard  his  progress. 
He  found  it  possible,  nevertheless,  to  attend  the  village  academy 
at  Chester.  Later  he  was  enabled  to  attend  South  Carolina  col- 
lege. Here  he  showed  the  results  of  his  earlier  training,  for  he 
not  only  completed  the  college  course  in  December,  1852,  but 
received  first  honors.  His  alma  mater,  in  which  he  had  thus 


JOSHUA    HILARY    HUDSON  175 

distinguished  himself  in  early  life,  did  not  forget  him,  or  lose 
sight  of  his  later  career.  In  June,  1903,  the  college  conferred 
upon  him  the  degree  of  LL.  D. 

Doctor  Hudson's  serious  life  work  began  when,  after  leav- 
ing college,  he  accepted  the  position  of  teacher  of  the  school  in 
Bennettsville,  South  Carolina ;  this  work  he  continued  from  1853 
to  1857.  Meanwhile  he  had  occupied  his  spare  time  with  the 
study  of  law,  and,  in  1857,  he  entered  upon  the  practice  of  this 
profession. 

From  1857  until  January,  1906,  when  he  retired  from  prac- 
tice, the  law,  in  one  or  another  of  its  various  aspects,  demanded 
the  attention  of  Doctor  Hudson.  From  1857  to  1878  he  was  a 
regular  practitioner  in  the  courts  of  his  state.  In  1878  he  was 
made  circuit  judge  of  the  fourth  judicial  circuit,  in  which  posi- 
tion he  continued  until  1894,  when  he  was  made  counsel  for  the 
receiver  of  the  Cape  Fear  and  Yadkin  Valley  railroad.  The 
latter  position  he  held  until  1900.  In  January,  1907,  he  was 
chosen  president  of  the  South  Carolina  Bar  association  for  the 
regular  term  of  one  year.  He  served  as  member  of  the  South 
Carolina  house  of  representatives  in  1858-59,  and,  again,  as  state 
senator  in  1905-06.  In  1896  and  1897  he  presided  over  the  Bap- 
tist State  conventions.  He  has  also  seen  military  service,  having 
served  in  the  Confederate  army  from  1862  to  1865.  Entering 
as  a  private,  he  was  advanced  to  the  post  of  drill  master  in  the 
Twenty-first  regiment,  and  then,  successively,  to  the  ranks  of 
adjutant,  major  and  lieutenant-colonel  of  the  Twenty-sixth  South 
Carolina  volunteers. 

In  the  midst  of  his  legal,  public  and  other  duties,  Doctor 
Hudson  has  found  time  for  literary  work,  having  published  a 
volume  of  "Sketches  and  Keminiscences,"  and,  also,  in  1903,  an 
autobiography.  He  is  a  Mason,  in  which  order  he  has  held  the 
position  of  worshipful  master.  In  politics  he  has,  through  life, 
been  a  consistent  Democrat.  In  religion  he  is,  like  his  mother, 
a  Baptist. 

Doctor  Hudson's  life  has  been  too  full  of  labor  to  allow 
much  place  for  diversion  or  relaxation.  In  college  he  was  inter- 
ested in  gymnastics.  His  alternative  now  to  work  is  rest.  In 
answer  to  the  question  whether  he  had  in  any  degree  failed  to 
accomplish  what  he  had  hoped  to  do  in  life,  and,  if  so,  what 
lessons  might  be  drawn  therefrom,  Doctor  Hudson  said :  "I  have 

Vol.  I— S.  C.— 9 


176  JOSHUA    HILARY    HUDSON 

been  a  worker  all  my  life,  but  feel  now  that  I  might  have  suc- 
ceeded better  if  I  had  been  more  persevering."  The  advice  he 
has  to  offer  the  young  is  temperance  in  all  things,  sobriety, 
morality,  piety  and  diligent  toil. 

On  May  4,  1854,  Doctor  Hudson  married  Miss  Mary  Miller. 
Of  this  marriage  fourteen  children  were  born,  four  of  whom  are 
living  in  1907. 

His  address  is  Bennettsville,  Marlboro  county,  South  Caro- 
lina. 


JOHN  PIERCE  HUNTER 

HUNTER,  JOHN  PIEKCE,  from  1880  until  1894  sheriff 
of  Lancaster  county;  from  1894  to  1898  United  States 
marshal  for  the  district  of  South  Carolina,  headquar- 
ters at  Charleston,  appointed  by  President  Cleveland;  and  from 
1900  to  the  present  time  (1907)  by  election  and  reelection  sheriff 
of  Lancaster  county,  is  a  striking  and  interesting  personality. 
He  has  hosts  of  friends  in  his  county  and  throughout  the  state; 
and  many  of  them  feel  that  through  all  his  public  life  he  has 
given  evidence  of  living  in  the  spirit  of  these  words  of  his: 
"While  I  have  always  tried  to  make  friends,  it  is  a  source  of 
gratification  to  me  to  know  the  fact  that  I  have  never  forsaken 
an  old  friend  in  order  to  make  a  new  one,  and  that  I  have  always 
tried  to  be  true  and  square  in  all  my  dealings  with  my  fellow- 


men.' 


He  was  born  on  a  farm  in  Lancaster  county,  South  Carolina, 
October  8,  1855.  His  father  was  James  R.  Hunter,  a  farmer,  for 
four  years  coroner,  for  twelve  years  tax  collector,  and  for  eight 
years  sheriff  of  Lancaster  county — "a  benevolent,  kind-hearted 
man,  always  ready  to  lend  a  helping  hand  to  the  poor  and  needy, 
and  writing  many  official  documents  gratis,  such  as  leases,  deeds, 
etc."  His  great  great  great-grandfather,  Isaac  Hunter,  was 
Scotch-Irish,  and,  coming  from  Ireland  to  the  colonies,  settled 
in  Wake  county,  North  Carolina,  eight  miles  above  Raleigh. 
Isaac  Hunter's  grandson,  James  Hunter,  married  Amelia  Chives, 
and  they  settled  in  Lancaster  county,  South  Carolina,  in  1818. 
The  histories  of  North  Carolina  and  the  history  of  the  United 

«/ 

States,  written  by  Alexander  H.  Stephens,  mention  several  of 
the  kinsmen  of  Captain  Hunter  who  were  distinguished  in  the 
political  life  of  the  colonies  and  the  states,  as  well  as  in  the 
Revolutionary  war. 

John  Pierce  Hunter  in  his  boyhood  had  very  delicate  health, 
and  has  never  had  a  vigorous  physique;  but  he  has  done  such 
work  and  endured  such  hardships  as  would  have  tasked  a  man 
of  the  most  vigorous  constitution.  Living  as  a  boy  on  his  father's 
farm  in  the  country,  he  describes  himself  as  in  these  early  years 
"a  dear  lover  of  horses,"  his  greatest  pleasure  being  to  ride, 


178  JOHN    PIERCE    HUNTER 

drive,  fish  and  hunt.  From  early  boyhood  he  was  trained  to  do 
his  share  of  the  farm  work,  and  he  liked  it,  although  he  was  not 
physically  strong  enough  to  hold  his  own  with  the  older  laborers. 
His  parents  were  in  moderate  circumstances,  and  the  help  he 
could  give  in  making  crops  was  needed  by  them  and  was  freely 
given  by  him.  When  the  crops  were  in  the  ground  he  would 
attend  the  "old  field  log  cabin  schools  for  a  few  weeks"  before 
gathering  crops;  and  would  go  to  the  same  kind  of  schools  for 
a  short  time  during  the  winter.  For  a  time  he  attended  the  high 
school  at  Lancaster  court-house. 

His  first  public  work  was  carrying  the  mail  by  star  route 
from  Lancaster  court-house  to  Camden.  This  he  began  to  do 
when  he  was  eighteen,  in  1873.  In  the  fall  of  that  same  year  he 
commenced  to  serve  as  trial  justice,  constable  and  deputy  sheriff 
under  his  father,  James  R.  Hunter,  sheriff  of  Lancaster  county. 
He  also  rode  as  constable  for  two  trial  justices  at  Lancaster 
court-house.  As  constable  and  deput}^  sheriff,  he  succeeded  in 
"slipping  on  and  arresting  some  very  bad  and  desperate  violators 
of  the  law,  and  in  almost  every  case  without  assistance,  as  he 
was  more  successful  when  he  went  alone."  Of  his  ambition  to 
succeed  in  public  office,  he  says :  "My  farm  work  was  done  from 
necessity,  my  public  work  was  brought  about  by  the  persistent 
encouragement  of  friends  who  wished  me  to  do  such  work;  and 
after  engaging  in  such  service,  I  had  a  desire  always  to  be  suc- 
cessful, to  do  my  work  well,  to  render  to  my  friends  and  the 
county  my  best  services.  And  I  appreciated  commendation  more 
than  money  consideration." 

He  continued  to  serve  as  deputy  sheriff  under  his  father 
until  the  fall  of  1880,  when  he  was  elected  sheriff  to  succeed  his 
father,  who  had  served  for  two  terms  and  declined  to  run  for  the 
office  again.  His  discharge  of  the  duties  of  the  office  was  fear- 
less, and  he  carried  into  it  so  much  of  politeness,  consideration 
for  the  rights  of  others,  and  prompt  and  decisive  enforcement 
of  the  law,  that  he  was  extremely  popular  throughout  his  county. 
He  resigned  the  office  of  sheriff  on  April  1,  1894,  to  accept  the 
appointment  tendered  him  by  President  Cleveland  as  United 
States  marshal  for  the  district  of  South  Carolina,  with  head- 
quarters at  Charleston.  This  office  he  held  for  four  years;  and 
he  made  no  secret  of  the  fact,  when  a  Republican  administration 
succeeded  the  Democratic,  that  he  was  ready  to  vacate  the  office. 


JOHN    PIERCE    HUNTER  179 

He  wrote:  "Having  served  under  a  Democratic  administration, 
I  cannot  afford  to  go  to  the  Republican  party  for  a  job." 

Returning  to  his  old  home  at  Lancaster  in  April,  1898,  he 
engaged  in  farming;  but  at  the  next  election  for  sheriff  he  was 
again  chosen  to  that  office;  and  he  was  reflected  in  1904.  His 
present  term  of  office  will  expire  in  1908. 

Captain  Hunter  married  Mrs.  Laura  A.  Hickson  (nee  Laura 
A.  Fraser),  daughter  of  Rev.  Elias  L.  Fraser,  January  13,  1881. 
Their  only  child,  a  daughter,  is  living  in  1907.  Mrs.  Hunter 
died  on  January  1,  1895.  While  he  was  serving  as  United  States 
marshal,  Captain  Hunter  married  a  second  time,  Miss  Florella 
Meynardie,  daughter  of  Rev.  Dr.  Elias  J.  Meynardie,  November 
3,  1898. 

Captain  Hunter  was  reared  by  Methodist  parents  and  speaks 
most  respectfully  and  reverentially  of  their  Christian  character 
and  their  influence  upon  him.  He  is  a  Democrat  in  his  party 
relations,  and  has  always  supported  the  candidates  and  measures 
of  that  party.  He  is  a  Mason  and  an  Odd  Fellow.  As  in  his 
early  boyhood,  so  in  his  manhood,  his  favorite  forms  of  exercise 
are  horseback  riding,  hunting  and  fishing. 

He  says  to  young  fellow-citizens :  "Honesty,  strict  adherence 
to  what  is  just  and  right;  sobriety,  and  the  avoidance  of  the 
popular  dissipations  of  this  age,"  will  contribute  invariably  to 
success  in  life;  and  he  adds:  "I  set  for  myself  as  an  ideal  worthy 
of  attainment,  genuine  charity  and  cordial  hospitality;  and  I 
have  had  no  cause  to  regret  this  aim  in  my  life." 

It  is  very  interesting  to  notice  the  fact  that  Captain  Hunter, 
after  so  many  years  of  experience  in  riding  the  county  and  his 
state  as  constable,  deputy  sheriff,  sheriff  and  collector,  should 
have  written  recently  for  one  of  the  newspapers  of  the  state  a 
strong  article  under  the  caption,  "How  to  Solve  the  Race  Prob- 
lem," in  which  he  advocates  very  effectively  the  view  that  the 
difficulties  between  the  races  can  be  made  to  disappear  "by  instill- 
ing morality,  politeness  and  industry  into  every  child,  both  white 
and  colored."  In  this  article  he  lays  great  emphasis  upon  the 
value  of  politeness  and  its  little  forms  in  the  ordinary  casual 
meetings  and  in  all  the  social  and  business  intercourse  of  fellow- 
citizens  with  one  another.  He  thinks  that  people  are  apt  greatly 
to  underrate  the  moral  effect  of  politeness  upon  character  and 
will-power,  since  will  is  constantly  directed,  molded  and  rein- 


180  JOHN    PIERCE    HUNTER 

forced  by  feeling,  and  politeness  in  intercourse  has  a  vast  effect 
upon  the  feelings  of  the  man  who  exercises  it  as  well  as  upon 
those  toward  whom  politeness  is  shown.  A  steady,  habitual  and 
morally  intentional  politeness  between  black  people  and  white 
people,  he  believes,  can  be  maintained  without  the  slightest 
approach  to  "social  equality";  and  instead  of  endangering  race 
purity  and  the  control  of  affairs  by  the  white  race,  he  believes 
that  the  inculcation  of  politeness  of  manners  as  a  moral  duty  will 
go  far  toward  abating  the  gravest  dangers  of  the  race  problem. 

Taken  altogether,  the  views,  and  the  executive  and  official 
life  and  deeds  of  this  exceptional  South  Carolina  sheriff  and 
marshal,  are  exceedingly  interesting,  and  are  such  as  to  render 
him  in  the  best  sense  of  the  word  a  "Man  of  Mark"  in  his  state. 

His  address  is  Lancaster,  South  Carolina. 


WfJt  SSW  7 

PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


LENOX 


i 


JAMES  FERDINAND  IZLAR 

IZLAE,  JAMES  FERDINAND,  was  born  November  25, 
1832,  at  Orangeburg,  South  Carolina.  His  parents  were 
William  Henry  Izlar  and  Julia  E.  A.  Izlar.  His  mother 
was  Miss  Pou.  His  father  was  a  farmer,  but  was  interested  in 
mechanical  pursuits.  He  was  intelligent,  pious,  honest,  upright 
and  temperate,  a  noble  Christian  gentleman  of  the  old  school. 

The  earliest  known  ancestor  in  America  was  Jacob  Izlar,  the 
great-grandfather  of  James  Izlar ;  he  came  to  this  country  before 
the  Revolutionary  war.  He  was  a  native  of  either  Germany  or 
Switzerland.  At  any  rate,  he  was  German- Swiss.  James  F. 
Izlar's  mother's  great-grandfather  came  from  Scotland  in  1740. 
Gavin  Pou  held  a  position  under  the  king.  James  Izlar's  health 
in  childhood  was  good;  he  enjoyed  books  and  was  greatly  inter- 
ested in  home  and  parents;  his  early  life  was  passed  in  the 
country.  His  father,  being  a  farmer,  naturally  believed  in  the 
gospel  of  work,  not  only  for  himself,  but  for  his  children.  He, 
therefore,  saw  to  it  that  his  son,  James,  until  ready  to  begin  his 
preparation  for  college,  lacked  no  opportunity  to  enjoy  this  valu- 
able discipline,  especially  in  the  multitudinous  lines  afforded  by 
a  farm  and  farm  home. 

James  Izlar  was  blessed  with  good  parents,  both  of  whom 
he  tenderly  loved;  the  influence  of  his  mother  was  especially 
helpful  in  shaping  his  character.  He  was  a  believer  in  home 
study,  and  to  the  training  thus  derived  he  owes  much  of  his  later 
success.  He  was  a  great  reader,  devouring  books  and  periodicals 
of  all  kinds,  especially  histoiy,  biography  and  law. 

In  the  acquirement  of  an  education  James  Izlar  encountered 
many  difficulties,  but  energ}^  and  perseverance  overcame  them  all. 
In  early  life  he  attended  the  "old  field"  schools,  though  these 
were  irregular.  He  prepared  for  college  in  Barnwell  county  and 
was  graduated  from  Emory  college  at  Oxford,  Georgia,  in  the 
class  of  1855,  with  the  degree  of  M.  A. 

After  graduating,  Mr.  Izlar  taught  school  at  Branchville, 
South  Carolina.  Next,  having  a  strong  bent  toward  the  legal 
profession,  he  studied  law  at  Orangeburg,  South  Carolina,  under 


184  JAMES    FERDINAND   IZLAR 

Honorable  Thomas  J.  Glover.    Mr.  Glover  was  colonel  of  the 
First  South  Carolina  volunteer  regiment ;  he  was  killed  in  battle. 

Mr.  Izlar's  business  in  life  has  been  the  study  of  law.  Save 
in  his  office  and  on  the  bench,  he  has  done  no  professional  work. 
For  twelve  years  he  held  the  position  of  state  senator  for  his 
county,  and  during  eight  of  these  was  president  pro  tempore  of 
that  body.  His  retirement  from  the  state  senate  came  only  with 
his  election,  in  1889,  by  the  general  assembly,  to  the  bench  as 
judge  of  the  first  circuit  of  South  Carolina.  This  position  he 
held  four  years,  until  the  Tillman  revolution,  when  he  was 
defeated  for  reelection.  He  was,  however,  at  a  special  election 
held  shortly  after,  elected  to  the  fifty-third  congress  to  succeed 
Judge  William  H.  Brawley,  who  resigned  to  accept  a  federal 
judgeship.  Judge  Izlar  received  a  majority  of  about  five  hun- 
dred votes  over  his  competitor,  J.  William  Stokes,  who  ran  as 
an  Alliance  Democrat  and  Reformer.  Judge  Izlar's  majority 
was  afterwards  cut  down  by  the  state  board  of  canvassers  to  one 
hundred  and  eighty.  He  took  his  seat  in  congress  April  5,  1894. 

Judge  Izlar  has  served  as  chairman  of  the  Democratic  Exec- 
utive committee  of  his  state,  as  delegate  to  the  National  Demo- 
cratic convention  of  1884,  and  as  trustee  of  the  South  Carolina 
college.  The  latter  office  he  deems  an  especial  honor. 

Judge  Izlar  has  also  been  a  soldier.  He  first  volunteered 
for  twelve  months  in  the  First  South  Carolina  volunteers — 
Hagood's  old  regiment — and  served  out  this  period.  The  three 
years  following  he  was  captain  of  the  Edisto  rifles,  Hagood's 
brigade,  and  was  a  member  of  the  Twenty-fifth  regiment,  com- 
manded by  Colonel  C.  H.  Simonton.  Judge  Izlar  is  an  Odd 
Fellow  and  also  a  Mason.  He  is  a  past  grand  master  of  the 
state  of  South  Carolina;  in  the  order  of  Masonry  he  has  filled 
all  the  chairs  in  Masonry  and  Odd  Fellowship.  For  twelve 
years  he  was  the  master  of  Shibboleth  Lodge,  No.  28,  A.  F.  M., 
of  Orangeburg,  South  Carolina.  He  is  also  a  thirty-second 
degree  Mason,  and  is  the  representative  near  the  grand  lodge  of 
South  Carolina  for  the  state  of  Mississippi.  He  is  a  lifelong 
Democrat,  and  would  not  on  any  account  change  his  political 
faith.  He  is  a  communicant  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church, 
holding  to  this  faith  by  conviction  rather  than  heredity. 

Judge  Izlar  feels  that  he  has  encountered  disappointments, 
many  and  grievous,  that  his  fond  ambitions  have  failed,  but  that, 


JAMES    FERDINAND    IZLAR  185 

despite  reverses,  energy,  perseverance,  and  a  desire  to  succeed, 
will  conquer  all  things. 

To  the  young  American  he  says:  "Be  sober,  be  temperate 
in  all  things,  be  a  Christian  gentleman,  be  honest  and  truthful, 
be  upright  in  walk  and  conversation.  Read  the  best  authors. 
Study  hard.  Understand  what  you  read.  These  are  some  of  the 
things  one  must  do,  and  live  up  to,  if  he  would  succeed." 

Judge  Izlar  has  been  twice  married;  first,  on  February  24, 
1859,  to  Frances  M.  A.  Lovell.  They  had  ten  children,  seven 
of  whom  are  now  (1907)  living,  and  are  scattered  among  three 
states.  His  second  marriage  was  on  November  1,  1906,  to  Miss 
Marion  P.  Allston,  of  Charleston,  South  Carolina. 

His  address  is  Whitman  street,  Orangeburg,  South  Carolina. 


THEODORE  DEHON  JERVEY 

JERVEY,  THEODORE  DEHON,  son  of  Theodore  Dehon 
Jervey  and  Anne  Hume  Simons,  his  wife,  was  born  August 
19,  1859,  at  Charleston,  South  Carolina.  His  father  was  a 
factor,  banker,  and,  for  a  time,  collector  of  customs  of  the  port 
of  Charleston.  He  was  noted  for  his  liberality  and  devotion 
to  duty. 

The  earliest  known  ancestor  of  the  family  in  America  was 
David  Jervey,  who  emigrated  from  Bathgate,  Scotland,  in  1738, 
and  in  1740  settled  in  Charleston.  Thomas  Jervey,  son  of  David, 
was,  in  1778,  captain  and  deputy  muster  master  in  the  Fifth 
Continental  line,  Colonel  Huger's  regiment.  As  a  boy,  Theodore 
Jervey  was  especially  interested  in  books,  though  otherwise  he 
was  of  an  indolent  disposition.  He  was  graduated  in  1879  from 
the  Virginia  Military  institute.  His  active  life  work  began  at 
Charleston,  South  Carolina,  in  1879,  where  he  began  the  pro- 
fession of  law,  a  work  to  which  he  was  drawn  by  his  own  tastes 
and  native  bent.  From  1881  to  1886  he  was  in  partnership  with 
and  assisted  the  solicitor  of  the  first  judicial  district  of  South 
Carolina;  and,  in  1888  and  1891,  he  was  editorial  writer  on  the 
"Charleston  World."  Mr.  Jervey  has  been  a  vestryman  in  St. 
Philip's  church;  from  1891  to  1895  he  was  chairman  of  the  city 
Democratic  Executive  committee,  and  in  1892  he  was  a  delegate 
to  the  National  Democratic  convention. 

Mr.  Jervey  has  also  given  some  attention  to  literature,  hav- 
ing written  "The  Elder  Brother,"  a  novel.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Knights  of  Pythias.  His  political  affiliations  have  always 
been  with  the  Democratic  party.  In  religion  he  is  a  Protestant 
Episcopalian.  His  chief  relaxation  is  trout-fishing. 

Mr.  Jervey  confesses  to  lack  of  application  as  his  besetting 
sin.  He  commends  to  all  young  people  the  open  profession  of 
the  Christian  religion.  He  believes,  moreover,  not  only  in  spir- 
itual health,  but  in  physical;  the  latter  constituting  the  founda- 
tion upon  which  the  former  may  be  built.  He,  therefore,  advises 
the  observance  of  rational  diet  and  systematic  daily  exercise  in 
the  open  air. 

Mr.  Jervey  has  never  been  married.  His  address  is  Charles- 
ton, South  Carolina. 


¥HK  HEW 

FOBLIC  LIBRARY 

44TO*.   L3KOZ 

70UNDATIOH*  i 


DAVID  BANCROFT  JOHNSON 

JOHNSON,  DAVID  BANCROFT,  LL.  D.,  educator,  was 
born  in  La  Grange  (West  Tennessee),  January  10,  1856. 
His  father  founded,  and,  until  his  death,  was  president  of 
the  La  Grange  Female  college.     In  a  direct  line  he  is  descended 
from  John  Johnson,  who  came  to  America  from  England  with 
Winthrop,  the  first  governor  of  the  colony  of  Massachusetts.    He 
worked  his  way  through  the  University  of  Tennessee  at  Knox- 
ville,  from  which  he  was  graduated  with  the  degree  of  A.  B. 
with  the  highest  honors  of  a  large  class  in  1877,  and  immediately 
took  up  the  profession  of  teaching  as  first  assistant  of  the  boys' 
high  school  at  Knoxville.    In  1879  he  was  awarded  the  degree  of 
A.  M.  by  his  alma  mater,  and  in  1905  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  by  the 
South  Carolina  college.     After  some  service  in  the  University  of 
Tennessee   as   assistant   professor   of   mathematics,   and   having 
developed  qualities  which  demanded  a  larger  sphere  for  their 
full  exercise,  he  entered  upon  his  life  work.     His  rare  talent  as 
an  organizer  was  recognized,  and  by  his  masterful  application 
of  the  true  principles  of  teaching,  he  infused  new  life  into  the 
system  of  public  instruction,  and  a  spirit  and  enthusiasm  among 
the  teachers,  which  prepared  the  way  for  his  remarkable  success. 
He  organized  graded  schools  at  Newbern,  North  Carolina,  and  so 
marked  was  their  success  as  to  attract  the  attention  of  educators 
in  that  and  adjoining  states.    Having  demonstrated  his  executive 
ability  and  his  thorough  grasp  of  school  organization  and  man- 
agement, when  the  system  was  adopted  by  the  city  of  Columbia, 
South  Carolina,  in  1883,  Professor  Johnson  was  called  to  organize 
it,  and  in  the  course  of  a  few  years,  under  his  superintendence, 
out  of  the  crude  material  of  the  old  common  school  a  system  of 
public  instruction  was  evolved  which  is  an  honor  to  the  state, 
and  has  become  an  example  after  which  many  of  the  larger  towns 
and  cities  of  the  state  have  modelled  their  schools.     To  meet  the 
requirement  for  better  teachers  to  introduce  these  better  methods, 
Professor  Johnson,  aided  by  the  Peabody  board,  established  in 
1886  the  Winthrop  Training  school  for  teachers.     The  legislature 
of  South  Carolina  provided  a  permanent  appropriation  for  the 
maintenance   of   one   beneficiary   in   the   institution    from   each 


192  DAVID   BANCROFT   JOHNSON 

county  in  the  state,  at  a  cost  of  one  hundred  and  fifty  dollars 
each  per  session,  and  afterward  made  it  a  full  state  institution 
under  the  name  of  Winthrop  Normal  college,  of  which  Professor 
Johnson  is  president.  This  training  school  was  at  the  time  the 
only  one  for  white  teachers  in  the  section  embracing  the  states 
of  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  North  Carolina,  and  Florida.  Its 
graduates  are  teaching  successfully  throughout  South  Carolina 
and  adjoining  states.  Professor  Johnson  has  served  as  an 
instructor  in  successive  state  normal  institutes,  and  was  presi- 
dent for  several  years  of  the  State  Teachers'  association,  which 
he  reorganized  and  placed  on  its  present  satisfactory  basis  in 
1888.  He  organized,  in  1889,  the  State  Association  of  School 
Superintendents,  of  which  he  was  president  for  some  years.  He 
organized  the  Columbia,  South  Carolina,  branch  of  the  Young 
Men's  Christian  association,  and  was  its  president  for  years,  and 
he  was  also  chairman  of  the  State  Executive  committee  of  the 
organization.  He  is  a  ruling  elder  in  the  First  Presbyterian 
church  of  Rock  Hill,  South  Carolina.  He  is  vice-president  of 
the  National  Educational  association,  a  member  of  the  National 
Council  of  Education,  of  the  National  Geographic  society,  of  the 
National  Civic  league,  the  South  Carolina  Historical  society,  the 
South  Carolina  Audubon  society,  and  the  South  Carolina  Agri- 
cultural and  Mechanical  society. 

In  1902  he  organized  the  South  Carolina  Woman's  associa- 
tion for  the  improvement  of  rural  schools,  which  is  expected  to 
accomplish  great  things  for  the  country  schools  of  the  common- 
wealth. He  is  a  member  of  the  Educational  Campaign  committee 
for  South  Carolina,  appointed  at  a  convention  of  representative 
educators  in  1903,  to  labor  for  the  improvement  of  rural  schools 
and  the  advancement  of  education  in  the  state.  The  governor 
of  the  state,  in  recognition  of  his  ability  and  his  high  educational 
record,  appointed  him  a  member  of  the  state  board  of  examiners, 
and  also  a  member  and  chairman  of  the  special  commission  of 
three  to  make  an  investigation,  and  report  to  the  legislature  for 
action,  on  the  subject  of  the  establishment  by  the  state  of  a 
normal  and  industrial  college  for  women.  The  admirable  report 
of  this  commission  led  the  legislature  to  found  the  Winthrop 
Normal  and  Industrial  College  of  South  Carolina,  which  in  com- 
pleteness of  plant  and  character  of  work  is  the  equal  of  any 


DAVID   BANCROFT    JOHNSON  193 

institution  of  its  kind  in  the  country.     Much  of  the  honor  of  the 
general  adoption  and  success  of  the  graded  school  system  in  South 
Carolina  may  be  justly  accorded  to  Professor  Johnson. 
His  postoffice  address  is  Rock  Hill,  South  Carolina. 


IRA  BOYD  JONES 

JONES,  IKA  BOYD,  the  son  of  Charles  Milton  Jones  and 
Mary  Jane  (Neel)  Jones,  was  born  December  29,  1851, 
at  Newberry,  South  Carolina.  His  father  was  a  cabinet 
maker,  who,  in  later  life,  conducted  a  carriage  and  blacksmith 
shop  and  livery  stable  in  combination.  Charles  Milton  Jones 
was  a  modest  man,  actuated  by  a  high  sense  of  honor  and  duty. 
To  him,  his  word  was  his  bond.  Withal,  he  was  prompt  and 
industrious,  and,  in  all  material  matters  in  the  control  of  his 
family,  he  was  firm  in  discipline. 

The  earliest  known  paternal  ancestor  in  America  was  Ira 
Jones'  grandfather,  John  Jones,  a  French  Huguenot,  who  came 
to  Colleton  county.  On  his  mother's  side,  the  oldest  was  James 
Neel,  a  Scotch-Irishman,  who  emigrated  from  the  north  of  Ire- 
land to  Newberry  county. 

Ira  Jones  was  strong  and  robust  in  youth,  and  passed  his 
early  life  in  the  village  of  Newberry.  Good  educational  advan- 
tages were  always  provided  him  by  his  father.  He  attended  the 
Lutheran  college  at  Newberry,  from  the  primary  through  the 
sophomore  class,  and  then  entered  as  a  junior  in  Erskine  college, 
Due  West,  South  Carolina,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1870. 

After  leaving  college,  Mr.  Jones  taught  school  in  Edgefield 
and  Newberry  counties.  From  his  earliest  years,  however,  he 
had  been  possessed  of  an  ardent  ambition  to  enter  the  profession 
of  law.  While  teaching  school,  he  gave  close  attention  to  legal 
studies,  and,  in  1873,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  at  Newberry.  He 
practiced  law  in  Newberry  county  from  1873  to  October,  1875, 
when  he  moved  to  Lancaster,  South  Carolina,  where  he  continued 
to  practice  law  until  he  was  elected  associate  justice. 

Aside  from  minor  offices,  including  those  of  magistrate, 
intendant,  county  chairman,  and  chairman  of  the  congressional 
committee,  Judge  Jones  was  elected  to  the  legislature  in  1890, 
became  chairman  of  the  Ways  and  Means  committee,  was  elected 
speaker  at  the  close  of  the  term  of  1890,  and  was  successively 
elected  speaker  until  January,  1896,  when  he  was  elected  associate 
justice  of  the  supreme  court.  He  was  also  vice-president  of  the 
Constitutional  convention  of  1895. 


IRA    BO  YD    JONES  195 

Judge  Jones  is  a  Democrat  and  a  member  of  the  Associate 
Reformed  Presbyterian  church.  For  amusement  and  relaxation 
he  resorts  to  chess,  novel  reading  and  driving. 

On  January  21,  1875,  he  married  Rebecca  Wyse.  Of  this 
marriage  seven  children  have  been  born,  five  of  whom  are  now 
(1907)  living. 

His  address  is  Lancaster,  South  Carolina. 


EDWARD  SOUTHEY  JOYNES 

JOYNES,  EDWARD  SOUTHEY,  for  more  than  fifty  years 
prominently  connected  with  the  work  of  higher  education 
in  the  South;  from  1866  for  several  years  professor  of 
modern  languages  and  English  in  Washington  college,  now 
Washington  and  Lee  university;  from  1875  to  1878  filling  the 
same  chair  in  Vanderbilt  university  at  Nashville,  Tennessee; 
from  1878  to  1882  professor  of  modern  languages  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  Tennessee;  since  1882  to  1888  professor  of  German, 
French,  and  Spanish,  in  South  Carolina  college  at  Columbia, 
South  Carolina,  where  he  still  resides;  was  born  on  the  2d  of 
March,  1834,  in  Accomac  county,  Virginia.  His  father,  Thomas 
Robinson  Joynes,  of  the  Ninth  Virginia  regiment  in  the  Revo- 
lutionary war,  had  married  Miss  Anne  Bell  Satchell,  daughter 
of  Christopher  and  Anne  Satchell.  His  grandfather  was  Colonel 
Levin  Joynes,  of  the  Ninth  Virginia  regiment  in  the  war  of  the 
Revolution ;  his  eldest  brother,  Judge  W.  T.  Joynes,  of  the  court 
of  appeals  of  Virginia,  and  Dr.  Levin  S.  Joynes,  professor  of 
medical  physiology  in  the  Medical  College  of  Virginia,  have 
been  prominent  in  their  respective  professions.  The  family  is  of 
English  descent,  and  among  its  members  who  were  prominent  in 
the  colonial  history  is  Tully  Robinson,  a  member  of  the  Virginia 
house  of  burgesses  at  various  times  from  1702  to  1723.  Thomas 
Robinson  Joynes  was  admitted  to  the  practice  of  law  September 
24,  1810;  in  1811  was  elected  to  the  house  of  delegates;  in  1813 
served  as  lieutenant  of  a  company  in  the  Second  regiment  of  the 
Virginia  militia,  and  was  later  promoted  captain.  He  served  as 
master  commissioner  in  chancery  in  the  county  court  of  Accomac ; 
as  commonwealth's  attorney  in  the  supreme  court;  as  clerk  of 
that  court  in  1828 ;  as  a  member  of  the  State  convention  to  revise 
the  constitution  in  1829;  and  has  left  an  honorable  record  as  a 
public-spirited  lawyer  of  high  character,  and  of  remarkable  gifts 
of  eloquence.  A  memorial  volume  to  Thomas  R.  Joynes  was 
edited  by  the  late  Dr.  Levin  S.  Joynes,  and  revised  and  reedited 
by  Levin  S.  Joynes,  Jr.,  and  Edward  Southey  Joynes,  the  subject 
of  this  sketch. 


EDWARD   SOUTHEY   JOYNES  197 

The  early  life  of  Edward  Southey  Joynes  was  passed  in  the 
country,  a  hearty  and  healthy  boy,  fond  of  hunting,  riding  and 
boating,  yet  giving  a  fair  share  of  his  time  to  reading  and  study. 
He  had  the  advantages  of  home  instruction  given  him  by  his 
father ;  he  attended  the  "old  field  schools"  and  Concord  academy 
in  Virginia,  Delaware  college,  and  the  University  of  Virginia; 
and  from  the  last  named  institution  he  was  graduated  in  1852, 
with  the  degree  of  B.  A.,  receiving  the  degree  of  M.  A.  in  1853. 
From  1856  to  1858  he  studied  at  the  University  of  Berlin,  Ger- 
many, hearing,  among  others,  Boeckh,  Haupt,  Bopp  and  Benary. 

Although  his  father  had  hoped  that  the  son  would  follow 
the  profession  of  the  law,  it  soon  became  evident  that  the  work 
of  a  teacher  was  to  be  his  life  occupation.  His  first  college 
appointment  was  to  the  position  of  assistant  professor  of  the 
ancient  languages  in  the  University  of  Virginia,  under  Doctor 
Gessner  Harrison,  from  1853  to  1856,  before  his  study  at  the 
German  university.  After  his  return  from  Europe  he  was  made 
professor  of  Greek  and  German  at  William  and  Mary  college, 
Williamsburg,  Virginia,  serving  here  from  1858  to  1861. 

At  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  as  William  and  Mary  college 
was  closed,  he  became  chief  clerk  in  the  Confederate  States  War 
department,  serving  with  Secretaries  Walker,  Randolph,  Benja- 
min, and  Seddon,  an  experience  to  which  he  owes  prompt  and 
accurate  habits  of  business  and  well-developed  power  of  organiza- 
tion. From  1864  to  1865  he  was  instructor  of  modern  languages 
in  Hollins  institute,  one  of  the  best  Southern  schools  for  women, 
where  he  developed  a  deep  interest  in  the  study  of  English  and 
of  the  modern  languages;  and  in  1866  he  was  made  professor 
of  modern  languages  and  English  in  Washington  college,  now 
Washington  and  Lee  university.  This  recognition  of  the  study 
of  English,  in  a  college  professorship,  was  perhaps  its  earliest 
recognition  as  a  distinct  branch  of  collegiate  study  instituted  in 
the  Southern  states.  From  1875  to  1878  he  filled  the  chair  of 
English  and  modern  languages  at  Vanderbilt  university,  Ten- 
nessee, and  from  1878  to  1882  the  same  chair  at  the  University 
of  Tennessee,  on  the  organization  of  the  first  faculty  of  that 
institution.  From  1882  to  1888  he  was  professor  of  modern 
languages  and  English  in  South  Carolina  college  at  Columbia. 
The  department  prospered  under  his  charge  and  was  divided  in 
1888,  since  which  year  he  has  been  professor  of  modern  languages, 

Vol.  I— S.   C.— 10 


198  EDWARD    SOTJTHEY    JOYNES 

including  French,  German,  and  Spanish.  For  more  than  fifty 
years  a  teacher,  perhaps  there  are  few  men  in  our  country  who 
have  taught  a  larger  number  of  college  students.  A  Virginian 
by  birth,  he  has  always  loved  everything  Virginian.  He  is 
thankful  for  what  he  has  been  permitted  to  know  and  teach,  and 
he  is  growing  old  slowly  by  keeping  himself  in  sympathy  with 
the  life  and  aspirations  of  youth. 

He  is  the  author  of  several  text-books  used  in  schools  and 
colleges,  and  he  is  now  engaged  in  the  publication  of  still  other 
text-books. 

Professor  Joynes  has  made  many  addresses  upon  educational 
subjects,  several  of  which  have  been  published.  He  was  closely 
connected  with  the  Rev.  Dr.  Barnas  Sears,  the  first  general  agent 
of  the  Peabody  board,  and  accompanied  some  of  the  early  tours 
with  that  eminent  gentleman.  Thus  inspired,  he  became  deeply 
interested  in  public  school  work  in  Virginia,  and  later  in  Ten- 
nessee, where  he  aided  in  conducting  the  teachers'  institutes.  He 
has  lectured  to  many  teachers'  institutes  in  South  Carolina.  He 
was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  Winthrop  Normal  and  Industrial 
college  for  women  at  Rock  Hill,  and  he  is  still  a  trustee  of  that 
institution.  The  United  States  Commission  of  Education,  in  its 
"Report"  for  1897-1898,  included  the  report  made  by  Professor 
Joynes,  after  a  visit  to  Germany  in  1895,  on  the  industrial  edu- 
cation of  women  in  Germany.  This  report  has  received  wide 
attention. 

A  transplanted  Virginian,  an  apostle  for  general  enlighten- 
ment, he  feels  a  passionate  interest  in  the  creation  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  South  Carolina,  in  behalf  of  which  he  addressed  a 
cogent  and  elegant  pamphlet  to  the  last  legislature  of  South 
Carolina. 

On  December  14,  1859,  Professor  Joynes  married,  at  Wil- 
liamsburg,  Virginia,  Miss  Eliza  Waller  Vest.  They  have  had 
five  children,  four  of  whom  are  living  in  1907.  Professor  Joynes 
is  identified  with  the  Democratic  party,  but  reserves  the  right  of 
private  judgment  in  passing  on  its  platforms  and  its  candidates. 
He  is  a  communicant  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church. 

To  the  young  of  his  state  and  of  the  country,  to  whom  so 
much  of  his  life  work  has  been  given,  he  offers  these  suggestions : 
Assiduous  application ;  faithfulness  in  details  of  work ;  integrity 


EDWARD    SOUTHEY   JOYNES  199 

t 

in  all  things,  with  sympathy  for  the  struggles  and  aspirations 
of  your  fellows;  seek  to  live,  so  far  as  possible,  with  and  for 
others ;  and  know  that  selfishness  is  the  bane  of  life,  and  the  root 
of  all  evil. 

Professor  Joynes'  address  is  University  of  South  Carolina, 


HEIMAN  KAMINSKI 

KA  M I N  S  K  I,  HEIMAN,  merchant,  was  born  in  Posenr 
Prussia,  May  24,  1839.     His  parents,  Joel  and  Hannah 
Kaminski,  were  highly  respected  by  the  people  among 
whom  they  lived. 

Until  he  was  fifteen  years  of  age,  Heiman  Kaminski  lived 
with  his  parents.  From  very  early  years  he  was  obliged  to  work 
hard  in  order  that  he  might  not  be  a  burden  to  others.  He  was 
willing  to  work,  but,  being  ambitious,  and  seeing  very  little 
prospect  of  advancement  in  his  native  land,  he  became  anxious 
to  get  to  America,  in  hope  that  here  he  would  find  a  more  favor- 
able environment.  When  he  was  fifteen  years  of  age  the  matter 
was  thoroughly  discussed  in  the  family  circle,  and  it  was  decided 
to  allow  him  to  emigrate  to  the  United  States. 

He  landed  at  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  in  1854.  Here  he 
maintained  himself  for  two  years,  meanwhile  attending  the  high 
school.  In  1856  he  was  obliged  to  leave  school  and  enter  upon 
the  active  work  of  life.  He  became  clerk  in  a  mercantile  house 
in  Georgetown,  South  Carolina,  where  he  served  for  a  year,  when 
his  employer  sent  him  to  Conway,  South  Carolina,  to  work  in  a 
branch  house  which  had  been  established  there.  He  remained  at 
that  place  until  the  spring  of  1861,  when,  on  the  opening  of  the 
War  between  the  States,  he  promptly  enlisted  in  Company  B, 
Tenth  South  Carolina  volunteers,  Confederate  States  army.  It 
was  soon  seen  that  he  had  an  unusual  aptitude  for  organization 
and  remarkable  executive  ability.  Because  of  the  possession  of 
these  qualities,  he  was  detached  from  his  company  and  placed 
first  in  the  commissary  department,  and  later  was  promoted  to 
the  position  of  regimental  commissary.  In  this  position  he  dis- 
tinguished himself  by  devotion  to  duty,  which  was  manifested 
by  his  untiring  efforts  to  supply  not  only  the  necessities  but  as 
far  as  possible  the  comforts  of  life  to  the  troops.  He  continued 
with  his  command  until  the  surrender  at  Greensboro,  North  Caro- 
lina, in  1865.  When  the  army  was  disbanded,  his  pay  amounted 
to  one  dollar  and  ten  cents  in  silver,  and  with  this  sum  for  his 
cash  capital  he  started  for  home  to  again  begin  his  business  life. 
In  the  fall  of  1865  he  entered  a  Georgetown,  South  Carolina,, 


HEIMAN    KAMINSKI  203 

business  house  in  a  subordinate  capacity,  but  in  1867  he  withdrew 
therefrom  and  began  business  on  his  own  account.  By  honest 
dealing,  industry  and  enterprise,  he  was  enabled  to  rapidly  build 
up  a  business  which  has  now  reached  very  large  proportions. 

Mr.  Kaminski  has  been  twice  married;  first,  in  1866,  to  Miss 
Charlotte  Virginia  Emanuel  (a  descendant  of  the  Gomez  family, 
who  were  among  the  early  settlers  of  this  country),  who  died  in 
1880;  and  second,  in  1885,  to  Miss  Rose  Baum,  whose  ancestors 
took  an  active  part  in  the  Revolutionary  war.  His  children,  four 
by  the  first  wife  and  one  by  the  second,  are  all  living  in  1907. 

Mr.  Kaminski  is  now  president  of  the  Kaminski  Hardware 
company;  of  the  Willow  Bank  Boat  Oar  company;  of  the  Pee 
Dee  Steamboat  company;  of  the  Taylor-Dickson  Medical  dis- 
pensary, a  charitable  institution;  vice-president  of  the  Bank  of 
Georgetown  and  of  the  Georgetown  board  of  trade,  and  a  director 
in  the  Georgetown  Rice  Milling  company,  and  in  several  other 
local  enterprises.  Mr.  Kaminski  has  never  held  or  desired  public 
office,  though  he  has  taken  a  deep  interest  in  current  affairs  and 
has  held  important  positions  in  various  civic  and  mercantile 
bodies.  He  is  a  director  in  the  Country  club,  and  has  been  a 
member  of  all  the  social  organizations  of  Georgetown.  He  has 
always  been  aligned  with  the  friends  of  good  government,  and 
he  has  been  liberal  with  time  and  money  to  aid  movements  and 
enterprises  which  had  for  their  end  the  advancement  of  the  best 
interests  of  his  adopted  city  and  state. 

The  address  of  Mr.  Kaminski  is  Georgetown,  South  Carolina. 


JOHN  PATTERSON  KNOX 

KNOX,  JOHN  PATTERSON,  Associate  Reformed  Pres- 
byterian clergyman,  was  born  October  19,  1860,  on  a 
farm  near  Davidson  college,  Mecklenburg  county,  North 
Carolina.  His  father,  Samuel  W.  Knox,  a  plain,  honest,  and 
energetic  farmer,  and  brave  soldier  throughout  the  War  between 
the  States,  in  General  A.  P.  Hill's  corps,  with  which  he  laid  down 
his  gun  at  Appomattox,  was  fond  of  reading  stories  that  taught 
good  lessons  and  was  a  faithful  follower  of  Christ;  his  mother, 
Sarah  (McAuley)  Knox,  a  truly  pious  woman,  alive  and  well  at 
seventy- four,  has  been  and  is  the  mightiest  influence  in  his  life, 
and  he  gladly  gives  her  the  credit  of  making  him  what  he  is. 
His  blood  is  Scotch-Irish ;  the  line  of  descent  on  the  paternal  side 
is  through  his  great-grandfather,  Robert  Knox,  from  Scotland 
(probably  a  connection  of  John  Knox,  the  great  reformer),  who 
came  to  America  about  1770  and  settled  in  Mecklenburg  county, 
North  Carolina,  and  his  grandfather,  James  Knox,  who  spent 
his  life  in  the  same  county;  on  the  maternal  side,  through  his 
great-grandfather,  Daniel  McAuley,  of  Irish  descent,  who  came 
from  Scotland  and  settled  in  Mecklenburg  county,  North  Caro- 
lina, prior  to  the  war  of  the  Revolution,  and  his  grandfather, 
Hugh  McAuley,  who  was  widely  known  as  a  surveyor.  He  is 
connected  with  President  James  Knox  Polk,  whose  mother  was 
Jane  Knox. 

He  was  reared  on  a  farm;  was  robust  and  healthy,  fond  of 
all  outdoor  sports,  and  a  hard  worker  at  all  kinds  of  farm  labor. 
This  gave  him  good  health,  with  admiration  and  respect  for 
toilers,  and  taught  regular  habits  so  well  that  he  was  never  late 
at  college.  His  first  strong  impulse  to  strive  for  success  was 
caused  by  his  desire  to  please  his  parents;  his  choice  of  the 
ministry  for  a  profession  was  due  to  the  wishes  of  his  parents 
and  his  own  inclinations  and  circumstances.  His  record  so  far, 
and  he  is  still  comparatively  young,  has  demonstrated  the  wisdom 
of  his  choice. 

He  is  self-educated ;  that  is,  he  had  to  work  between  sessions 
in  order  to  make  the  money  to  pay  for  all  he  got,  except  the 
primary  portion,  which  he  obtained  at  the  public  school  of  the 


JOHN    PATTERSON    KNOX  205 

county;  he  was  prepared  for  college  at  Huntersville  (North 
Carolina)  high  school,  under  Dr.  W.  W.  Orr,  going  thence  to 
Erskine  college,  South  Carolina,  and  was  graduated  in  June, 
1887.  Later  he  spent  two  years  in  Erskine  seminary,  and  in  1890 
completed  his  course  in  Allegheny  seminary.  During  vacations 
from  1881  to  1888  he  taught  school.  ^ 

He  was  elected  elder  in  the  Huntersville  Associate  Reformed 
Presbyterian  church  in  1882,  and  began  his  career  as  a  minister 
in  April,  1890,  soon  after  his  ordination,  in  Rockbridge  county, 
Virginia,  having  three  churches,  Broad  Creek,  Bethel  and  Ebe- 
nezer;  in  1891  he  became  pastor  of  Hickory  Grove  and  Smyrna 
churches,  in  York  county,  South  Carolina,  remaining  there  eight 
years.  Since  1889  he  has  been  pastor  of  the  Centennial  church, 
Columbia,  South  Carolina,  which  he  built  at  a  cost  of  $8,000, 
and  where  he  has  achieved  a  marked  success  in  all  lines  of  minis- 
terial work,  and  has  won  the  respect  and  esteem  of  the  entire 
community. 

Since  1897  he  has  been  chairman  of  the  board  of  regents  of 
the  Associate  Reformed  Presbyterian  orphanage,  Hickory  Grove, 
which  he  organized,  bought  the  property,  and  opened  on  his 
faith  in  the  members  of  the  church  and  in  God  who  gives  all 
things.  Since  1894  he  has  been  a  trustee  of  Erskine  college,  and 
in  1892-94  he  was  chairman  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Hickory 
Grove  high  school. 

He  thinks  that  next  to  the  Bible,  which  he  read  from  child- 
hood with  his  mother  and  received  her  explanations,  the  books 
most  helpful  in  fitting  him  for  his  life  work  were  history  and 
biography,  especially  the  biographies  of  self-made  men.  He  has 
said  of  the  influences  in  his  life:  "Home  started  me;  school 
encouraged  me;  early  companionship  helped  me;  private  study 
determined  me,  and  contact  with  men  in  active  life  literally 
inspired  me  to  do  as  they  were  doing."  He  believes  young  men 
should  know  themselves;  that  they  should  have  a  definite  aim  in 
life  and  a  clearly  marked  plan  to  reach  it;  and  that  they  should 
recognize  the  rights  of  others  and  stick  to  an  honorable  profession. 

During  his  school  and  college  days  he  was  an  enthusiastic 
baseball  player,  and  it  remains  one  of  his  most  enjoyable  outdoor 
recreations ;  the  others  are  hunting  and  fishing.  He  says  he  has 
failed  in  some  things,  but  has  ever  tried  to  turn  failure  into  a 


206  JOHN    PATTERSON    KNOX 

spur  to  urge  him  to  try  harder  in  his  next  undertaking;  that  a 
failure,  or  partial  failure,  if  not  a  lesson,  is  worse  than  a  failure, 
if  such  can  be.  In  politics  he  is  and  has  always  been  a  Democrat. 

On  November  20,  1890,  he  married  Louisa  J.  Brice,  youngest 
daughter  of  Rev.  R.  W.  and  Anna  M.  S.  Brice,  of  Chester  county, 
South  Carolina. 

His  address  is  1120  Richland  street,  Columbia,  South  Caro- 
lina. 


CHARLES  WILSON  KOLLOCK 

KOLLOCK,  CHAKLES  WILSON,  physician  and  surgeon, 
was  born  in  Cheraw,  Chesterfield  county,  South  Carolina, 
April  29,  1857.  His  parents  were  Cornelius  Kollock  and 
Mary  Henrietta  (Shaw)  Kollock.  His  father,  the  son  of  Oliver 
Hawes  Kollock  and  Sarah  James  Wilson,  was  one  of  the  leading 
surgeons  of  his  state,  and  was  noted  for  his  genial  temper,  great 
kindliness  of  heart,  and  self-sacrifice  in  the  amelioration  of 
suffering  and  devotion  to  his  profession.  For  more  than  forty 
years  he  did  a  most  extensive  practice  in  the  Pee  Dee  section  and 
was  regarded  as  the  surgical  authority  in  that  part  of  the  state 
and  adjacent  North  Carolina.  His  bent  was  toward  surgery. 
His  greatest  reputation  was  achieved  in  abdominal  surgery,  and 
the  results  of  his  operations  were  often  praised  by  the  foremost 
men  of  that  profession.  He  served  as  president  of  the  South 
Carolina  Medical  association,  and  of  the  Southern  Surgical  and 
Gynecological  association,  and  was  a  member  of  the  American 
Gynecological  society,  and  of  other  scientific  bodies. 

The  life  work  of  the  son  was  a  natural  sequence.  The  ances- 
tors of  the  Kollock  family  were  Huguenots  who  fled  from  France 
after  the  revocation  of  the  Edict  of  Nantes;  and  after  an  inter- 
mediate sojourn  in  England,  settled  in  America,  most  of  them 
in  the  vicinity  of  Boston,  Massachusetts. 

Among  other  distinguished  representatives  of  the  family 
have  been  Honorable  Shepherd  Kollock,  of  Delaware,  1750-1830, 
a  Revolutionary  officer,  a  journalist,  and  judge  of  the  court  of 
common  pleas  for  thirty-five  years,  and  Reverend  Henry  Kollock, 
D.  D.,  1778-1819,  a  brilliant  preacher  of  the  Independent  Pres- 
byterian church,  of  Savannah,  Georgia.  A  brother  of  the  last, 
Shepherd  Kosciusko  Kollock,  D.  D.,  1793-1865,  was  also  a  min- 
ister and  an  author  of  note. 

The  great  great-grandfather  of  Doctor  Charles  W.  Kollock, 
Colonel  George  Hicks,  was  a  very  prominent  patriot  in  the  Pee 
Dee  section.  South  Carolina,  before,  during,  and  succeeding  the 
war  of  the  Revolution,  in  which  he  distinguished  himself  in  the 
command  of  a  South  Carolina  regiment. 


210  CHARLES    WILSON    KOLLOCK 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  grew  up  a  healthy  lad  in  the 
village  of  his  birth,  especially  fond  of  outdoor  sports,  with  less 
regard  than  he  should  have  had  for  study.  His  mother  was 
highly  endowed  intellectually,  and  a  woman  of  sincere  piety. 
Her  influence  in  directing  the  career  of  her  son  was  highly  salu- 
tary, as  was  that  of  his  grandmother,  Mrs.  Charles  B.  Shaw,  who 
lived  near  Boston,  and  furnished  means  for  the  prosecution  of 
his  studies. 

He  attended  Cheraw  academy,  and  later  the  Virginia  Mili- 
tary institute  at  Lexington,  Virginia,  from  which  he  was  grad- 
uated July  4,  1877.  He  took  a  course  of  professional  study  at 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  1878-1881,  graduating  M.  D. 
He  was  interne  for  a  year  at  the  Philadelphia  (Blockley)  hos- 
pital, six  months  at  the  Children's  hospital,  and  one  year  at  the 
Wills  Eye  hospital — all  in  Philadelphia.  He  attended  the  post- 
graduate course  at  the  Poly  clinic  in  Philadelphia;  and  later  he 
pursued  his  studies  in  London  and  Paris,  attending  the  eye  clinics 
at  the  Royal  Ophthalmic,  Guy's,  St.  Thomas;  King's  college  and 
the  Westminster  hospitals  in  London,  and  in  Paris  the  clinics  of 
Panas,  deWiecker,  Landolt  and  Galczowski. 

Doctor  Kollock  commenced  the  practice  of  his  profession  in 
Charleston,  South  Carolina,  which  place  he  deemed  offered  the 
best  field  for  success  in  his  native  state,  in  which  he  preferred 
to  pass  his  life.  He  attributes  his  success  in  life  to  the  influence 
of  his  parents,  and  largely  to  his  military  training,  which  taught 
him  self-reliance. 

Faithful  to  a  heritage  of  distinction,  and  to  his  military 
training,  Doctor  Kollock  has  served  in  the  Charleston  Light 
dragoons  for  nineteen  years,  and  has  been  in  command  of  that 
body  as  captain  for  the  last  four  years.  He  was  special  military 
aide  to  President  Roosevelt  when  he  visited  the  exposition  at 
Charleston  in  1902,  under  the  appointment  of  Governor  M.  B. 
McSweeney,  with  rank  of  colonel,  and  he  also  commanded  the 
cavalry  escort  to  the  president — the  Charleston  Light  dragoons. 
Doctor  Kollock  is  one  of  the  attending  surgeons  at  the  Roper 
hospital  and  at  Shirras  dispensary,  in  Charleston,  and  is  lecturer 
on  diseases  of  the  eye,  ear,  throat,  and  nose,  in  the  Charleston 
Medical  school.  He  has  served  as  a  member  of  the  Charleston 
board  of  health,  as  a  member  of  the  city  council  and  as  presiding 
officer  of  the  same  as  mayor  pro  tempore  of  the  city  for  one  year. 


CHARLES    WILSON    KOLLOCK  211 

He  is  a  member  of  the  American  Medical  association,  the 
American  Ophthalmological  society,  the  American  Academy  of 
Ophthalmology  and  Oto-Laryngology,  the  South  Carolina  Med- 
ical association,  the  Medical  Society  of  South  Carolina,  and  the 
Tri-State  Medical  Association  of  the  Carolinas  and  Virginia,  and 
has  served  as  president  of  the  three  last  named.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  Greek  letter  fraternity  Alpha  Tau  Omega,  the  Charleston 
club,  Carolina  Yacht  club,  and  St.  Andrew's  society,  of  Charles- 
ton, South  Carolina. 

He  has  been  constantly  identified  with  the  Democratic  party 
and  is  a  communicant  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church. 

He  has  from  boyhood  been  interested  in  athletics  and  finds 
relaxation  from  the  cares  and  duties  of  life  in  hunting,  golf, 
swimming,  and  other  outdoor  pleasures. 

Doctor  Kollock  married,  on  November  10,  1885,  Miss  Ger- 
trude E.  Gregg,  of  Charleston,  South  Carolina.  She  died  Octo- 
ber 24,  1904,  leaving  two  children,  a  son  and  a  daughter,  both  of 
whom  are  now  (1907)  living.  On  December  11,  1906,  he  married 
Miss  Sarah  E.  Irvin,  of  Washington,  Georgia. 

His  address  is  Charleston,  South  Carolina. 


ASBURY  CHURCHWELL  LATIMER 

LV  TIMER,  ASBUKY  CHURCHWELL,  United  States 
senator  for  South  Carolina,  was  born  on  his  father's  farm, 
four  miles  south  of  Lowndesville,  Abbeville  county,  South 
Carolina,  July  31,  1851.  His  parents  were  Clement  Theophilus 
and  Frances  Beulah  Latimer.  His  father  was  a  practical  farmer, 
whose  distinguishing  characteristics  were  strong  common  sense, 
a  positive  character  and  intensely  honest  convictions.  His  earliest 
ancestor  in  South  Carolina  was  his  grandfather,  James  Latimer, 
who  emigrated  from  Maryland  and  settled  near  Honea  Path, 
Anderson  county,  about  1790.  The  family  is  believed  to  derive 
its  descent  from  the  famous  Hugh  Latimer,  of  England.  Mr. 
Latimer  comes  from  a  family  which  has  always  been  distin- 
guished for  honesty  and  uprightness  of  character. 

Asbury  Latimer  was  brought  up  in  the  country.  In  child- 
hood and  youth  he  was  strong  and  well  and  was  fond  of  exercise. 
At  a  comparatively  early  age  he  was  required  to  put  in  full  time 
on  whatever  labor  was  necessary  on  his  father's  farm,  and  thus 
the  lessons  of  industry  and  of  prompt  performance  of  duty  were 
early  impressed  upon  him.  All  his  life  he  has  been  obliged  to 
gain  by  hard  labor  every  prize  that  he  has  attained.  He  attended 
a  preparatory  school  at  Lowndesville,  South  Carolina,  but,  on 
account  of  the  War  between  the  States,  was  not  able  to  attend 
college. 

About  1878  he  removed  to  Belton,  Anderson  county,  where 
he  engaged  in  agriculture,  which  has  constituted  the  principal 
business  of  his  life.  He  soon  became  one  of  the  most  prominent 
planters  of  Western  South  Carolina,  and  his  plantations  are 
object-lessons  in  the  proper  use  and  cultivation  of  farm  lands, 
and  in  the  utilization  of  every  variety  of  farm  products.  Always 
a  man  of  broad  public  spirit,  he  has  been  closely  identified  with 
nearly  all  of  the  business  enterprises  of  his  community,  especially 
in  the  lines  of  banking  and  of  the  manufacture  of  cotton. 

Mr.  Latimer  first  became  interested  in  politics  about  1890. 
He  served  as  chairman  of  his  county  Democracy,  and  was  urged 
to  enter  the  race  for  lieutenant-governor,  but  declined  to  do  so 
on  account  of  the  demands  of  his  private  business.  In  1892  he 


T01K 

PUBLIC  LIBRAlt 


ASBURY    CHURCHWELL   LATIMER  215 

was  elected  to  congress,  and  was  reflected  for  five  consecutive 
terms  by  overwhelming  majorities.  His  record  as  a  represen- 
tative was  one  of  hard  practical  work.  A  few  of  his  special 
achievements  may  be  mentioned:  By  hard  and  persistent  work 
with  individual  members  and  with  committees  of  congress  he 
secured  for  Newberry  college  its  just  claim  for  damages  from  the 
Federal  government.  He  introduced  and  succeeded  in  getting 
passed  in  the  house  a  bill  requiring  corporations  in  the  hands  of 
receivers  to  pay  their  taxes  to  the  state  in  the  same  manner  as 
individuals.  One  result  of  this  act  was  that  $208,000  of  past 
taxes  due  the  state  of  South  Carolina  was  paid  into  the  state 
treasury  by  one  railroad  alone.  It  was  largely  due  to  his  efforts 
that  the  system  of  free  rural  mail  delivery  was  originated  and 
incorporated  with  the  postal  system  of  the  government.  This 
matter  was  agitated  by  him  during  his  first  term  in  congress,  and 
his  district  was  one  of  the  first  in  the  country  to  receive  the 
benefits  of  daily  rural  mail  facilities.  He  labored  earnestly  for 
the  agricultural  interests  of  his  district,  and  succeeded  in  very 
greatly  broadening  the  scope  of  the  experimental  and  practical 
work  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture.  He  secured  a  soil  survey 
of  his  state,  from  which  charts  and  maps  have  been  made  illus- 
trating the  character  of  the  soil,  the  waterways,  and  the  mineral 
deposits — a  work  which  has  been  of  great  benefit  to  the  people 
of  the  state. 

In  1902  he  entered  the  race  for  the  United  States  senate. 
He  had  as  opponents  five  of  the  ablest  debaters  in  the  state,  but 
after  a  canvass  lasting  three  months  he  was  nominated  for  the 
office  by  a  majority  of  18,000  votes.  He  was  subsequently  elected 
by  the  state  legislature,  and  took  the  oath  of  office  on  March  4, 
1903.  During  the  time  that  he  has  been  in  the  senate  he  has 
gained  for  himself  a  national  reputation  by  his  efforts  to  secure 
the  aid  of  the  Federal  government  in  the  improvement  of  the 
public  roads.  His  introduction  of  this  measure  in  the  senate  was 
looked  upon  by  many  of  his  associates  and  by  a  large  part  of  the 
public  press  as  an  impracticable  scheme,  full  of  the  dangers  of 
paternalism  and  bankruptcy.  In  an  able  and  exhaustive  argu- 
ment in  support  of  the  measure  he  succeeded  in  stemming  the  tide 
of  opposition,  and  secured  a  favorable  report  from  the  committee 
having  charge  of  the  bill.  His  efforts  in  this  behalf  became  the 
nucleus  of  a  great  movement  throughout  the  country,  having  for 


216  ASBTJRY    CHURCHWELL   LATIMER 

its  object  a  general  betterment  of  the  conditions  of  rural  life,  and 
particularly  the  securing  of  good  roads.  Senator  Latimer  has 
addressed  large  and  enthusiastic  audiences  in  nearly  every  state 
in  the  Union,  and  many  of  the  state  legislatures,  on  the  merits 
of  his  bill  for  the  improvement  of  the  roads.  This  work,  when 
accomplished,  will  be  inseparably  connected  with  his  name. 
Among  other  measures  now  before  congress,  in  which  Senator 
Latimer  is  interested,  are  the  bills  to  reduce  letter  postage  to  one 
cent;  to  apportion  to  the  thirteen  original  states  their  proper 
share  of  public  lands  for  public  school  purposes,  and  to  drain  the 
swamp  lands  of  South  Carolina. 

On  account  of  a  disagreement  between  the  senate  and  house 
on  the  enactment  of  an  immigration  bill,  a  provision  was  inserted 
in  the  bill  for  the  appointment  of  a  commission  of  nine,  com- 
posed of  three  senators,  three  representatives,  and  three  laymen, 
appointed  by  the  President,  for  the  purpose  of  making  a  thorough 
investigation,  in  the  United  States  and  abroad,  of  the  whole 
subject  of  immigration.  Senator  Latimer  was  one  of  the  three 
senators  appointed  on  the  commission  and  sailed  for  Europe  on 
May  18,  1907,  landing  at  Naples  on  June  1,  following.  He  was 
appointed  chairman  of  a  sub-commission,  consisting  of  Messrs. 
Burnett  and  Howell,  members  from  the  house,  and  assigned  to 
the  territory  of  Northern  Europe,  embracing  Northern  Italy, 
France,  Switzerland,  Germany,  Belgium,  Holland,  Scotland,  and 
Ireland.  After  a  thorough  investigation  of  this  territory,  coining 
in  contact  with  immigrants  from  almost  every  part  of  Europe  at 
the  control  stations  in  Germany  and  the  steamship  lines  from 
Hamburg,  Bremen,  Rotterdam,  Antwerp,  Havre,  Marseilles,  Glas- 
gow, Londonderry,  Cork,  and  Queenstown,  he  made  quite  an 
exhaustive  report,  setting  forth  fully  the  conditions  of  agricul- 
ture, manufactures,  scale  of  wages  paid,  and  the  cost  of  living 
(including  rents  and  taxes),  throughout  the  territory  traversed 
by  his  sub-committee,  and  he  is  now  engaged  in  an  investigation 
in  the  United  States  of  the  immigrants  who  have  come  to  this 
country  and  their  adaptability  to  conditions  here,  with  a  view  to 
making  a  report  to  congress  at  the  present  session. 

In  politics  Senator  Latimer  has  always  been  a  Democrat. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist  Church,  South. 

He  has  given  no  special  attention  to  athletics  or  any  modern 
system  of  physical  culture,  but  finds  his  chief  relaxation  and 


ASBUKY    CHURCHWELL    LATIMER  217 

amusement  in  farm  and  country  life.  His  philosophy  of  life 
may  be  summed  up  as  follows :  Perform  promptly  and  well  every 
duty  that  presents  itself  and  cultivate  temperate,  economical  and 
industrious  habits. 

On  June  26,  1877,  he  was  married  to  Sarah  Alice  Brown. 
Of  their  six  children,  five  are  now  (1907)  living. 

The  postoffice  address  of  Senator  Latimer  is  Belton,  Ander- 
son county,  South  Carolina. 


RICHARD  DOZIER  LEE 

E^E,  RICHARD  DOZIER,  was  born  in  Sumter,  Sumter 
county,  South  Carolina,  August  5,  1850.  He  is  the  son 
of  Colonel  George  Washington  Lee  and  Susan  Ann 
Dozier,  his  wife.  His  father  was  an  extensive  planter  and  an 
owner  of  numerous  slaves.  He  served  also  as  commissioner  of 
public  buildings  for  Sumter  district  1850-60,  as  Confederate  chief 
of  commissary  for  Sumter  and  adjoining  districts  1861-63 — 
1863-65;  was  colonel  of  the  Twentieth  regiment,  South  Carolina 
troops,  and  commanded  the  Confederate  States  forces  at  the  battle 
of  Dingles  Mill,  near  Sumter,  South  Carolina,  April  9,  1865. 
He  was  distinguished  for  his  uniform  courtesy  in  manner,  ster- 
ling patriotism,  untiring  energy,  and  sincere  piety.  The  mother 
of  Richard  D.  Lee  was  a  woman  of  fine  intellect  and  sincere 
piety,  and  her  influence  has  been  a  powerful  aid  in  his  efforts  to 
win  success. 

According  to  the  family  tradition,  and  the  historian 
McCrady,  a  paternal  ancestor,  Richard  Henry  Lee,  one  of  the 
English  Virginians,  settled  in  1746  on  the  high  hills  of  the 
Santee,  South  Carolina. 

Another  paternal  ancestor  was  John  McCord,  who  married 
a  daughter  of  Major  Charles  Russell;  Colonel  William  Thomp- 
son, of  the  American  Revolution,  married  another  daughter  of 
Major  Russell,  and  McCord  and  Thompson  settled  in  Amelia 
township,  on  the  Congaree,  in  what  is  now  Orangeburg  county. 
Among  the  ancestors  on  the  maternal  side  was  Leonard  Dozier, 
a  French  Huguenot,  who  first  settled  in  Virginia  and  later  on  the 
Pee  Dee,  in  what  is  now  Georgetown,  South  Carolina.  Colonel 
John  White,  of  Scotch-Irish  descent,  first  settled,  in  1710,  in 
Christ  Church  parish,  afterward  removing  to  Prince  Fredericks, 
on  the  Pee  Dee.  Of  the  sons  of  these  ancestors,  paternal  and 
maternal,  Anthony  Lee  was  an  officer  under  General  Sumter  in 
the  Revolution;  David  McCord  was  an  officer  under  his  uncle, 
Colonel  William  Thompson;  and  John  Dozier  was  a  captain  of 
volunteers,  under  General  Francis  Marion,  in  the  same  struggle 
for  independence.  Anthony  White  was  a  member  of  the  Pro- 
vincial congress,  which  met  at  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  in 


PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


yOUWDATTOH 


RICHARD    DOZIER   LEE  221 

1775  and  1776.  He  was  also  a  vestryman  in  Prince  Fredericks 
in  1749,  and  a  warden  in  1766. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  christened  Richard  Henry 
Lee,  in  honor  of  his  paternal  ancestor,  but  upon  the  death  of  his 
brother,  John  Dozier  Lee,  a  Confederate  officer  killed  in  battle 
in  1862,  another  ancestral  name,  Dozier,  was  substituted  for 
Henry.  He  was  a  healthy  and  vigorous  lad,  and  was  fond  not 
only  of  horses,  hunting  and  field  sports  generally,  but  also  of 
reading  works  of  history  and  standard  fiction  and  poetry.  His 
early  life  was  largely  spent  on  the  plantation  of  his  father  in 
Sumter  county,  but  the  family  residence  was  in  the  village  of 
Sumter.  He  attended  the  preparatory  schools  of  Sumter  of  Pro- 
fessor Copeland  Stiles,  1856-60;  the  Male  academy  of  Professor 
J.  E.  Kendrick,  1861-65;  the  high  school  for  boys  of  Professor 
A.  W.  Dozier,  1865-66,  and  finally  the  South  Carolina  college 
(or  university  as  then  called),  1867-68.  He  acted  as  clerk  and 
read  law  in  law  offices  (as  then  required  by  statute),  1870-72, 
and  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1872.  His  profession  was  the 
choice  of  himself  and  parents — there  having  been  a  lawyer  in 
the  family  for  successive  generations.  He  cherished  from  the 
beginning  an  ambition  to  succeed,  and  his  life  has,  consequently, 
been  highly  gratifying — professionally,  and  financially,  a  success. 

He  has  served  as  president  of  the  Sumter  Bar  association, 
and  has  held  offices  also  in  the  State  Bar  association.  He  is  a 
director  of  the  First  National  Bank  of  Sumter,  and  president  and 
director  of  various  other  business  enterprises.  He  has  served  also 
as  a  member  of  the  house  of  representatives  of  South  Carolina 
from  Sumter  county,  1882-86;  member  of  the  State  Democratic 
Executive  committee,  1882-90;  member  of  the  State  Constitu- 
tional convention,  1895 ;  and  president  of  the  electoral  college  of 
South  Carolina  in  1900.  In  1906  he  was  vice-president  of  the 
State  Democratic  convention*  He  gave  earnest  and  active  service 
on  the  hustings  in  the  vital  Hampton  campaign  in  1876,  and  in 
that  against  Tillman  in  1890,  giving  evidence  of  allegiance  to 
Democratic  principles  by  inheritance.  He  is  a  regular  attendant 
of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church.  He  finds  relaxation  from 
the  daily  duties  of  life  in  horseback  riding,  and  reading.  He  is 
also  a  constant  patron  of  the  drama.  He  served  as  lieutenant 
in  the  South  Carolina  Volunteer  troops,  1877-81,  and  as  aide  on 
Governor  Thompson's  staff  in  the  Yorktown  centennial  in  1881. 

Vol.  I— S.   C.— 11 


222  RICHARD    DOZIER    LEE 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Phi  Kappa  Tsi  and  of  the  Clariosophic 
society  of  South  Carolina  college,  and  of  the  Sumter  chamber 
of  commerce. 

In  reply  to  a  request  for  suggestions  to  young  Americans, 
he  says :  "Be  courageous,  not  cowardly ;  exercise  self-control,  and 
do  nothing  in  passion;  ever  exhibit  true  manliness  and  strength 
of  will,  and  be  steadfast  in  adherence  to  truth  and  an  absolute 
rectitude  of  conduct."  And  he  holds  that  success  in  life  is  to 
be  secured  by  "application  to  duty,  patient  industry,  unfailing 
courtesy  to  others,  and  inflexible  integrity  of  principle." 

He  married,  April  22,  1875,  a  cousin,  Mary  Elizabeth  Dozier. 
Of  their  five  children,  the  three  daughters  are  married,  the  elder 
son  was  graduated  from  the  University  of  South  Carolina  in 
June  of  the  present  year  and  the  younger  son  is  now  (1907)  a 
student  at  that  institution. 

His  address  is  Number  3  Warren  street,  Sumter,  Sumter 
county,  South  Carolina. 


WILLIAM  WALLACE  LEWIS 

E~1WIS,  WILLIAM  WALLACE,  lawyer  and  educator,  was 
born  September  23,  1867,  in  Eock  Hill,  York  county, 
South  Carolina.  His  father,  Joseph  Newton  Lewis, 
cotton  and  commission  merchant,  was  chief  of  the  division  of 
postoffices  and  postroads  of  the  postoffice  department  of  the  Con- 
federate states;  his  mother,  Emily  (Snow)  Lewis,  a  refined  and 
cultured  woman  of  high  intellectual  attainments,  was  a  strong 
influence  in  his  intellectual  and  moral  life  and  helped  to  inspire 
him  with  the  ambition  that  has  helped  him  up  the  ladder  of 
success.  His  ancestry  is  Welsh.  His  great-grandfather  was  one 
of  a  large  family  which  emigrated  from  Wales  to  the  colonies 
some  years  prior  to  the  war  of  the  Revolution.  The  famous 
Lewis  family  of  Virginia  are  among  his  connections. 

Until  he  was  twelve  years  of  age  he  lived  in  Baltimore, 
Maryland,  and  attended  the  public  schools  of  that  city  five  or 
six  years.  After  his  return  to  his  native  state  he  attended  the 
graded  schools  in  Chester,  going  from  there  to  the  South  Caro- 
lina Military  academy,  which  conferred  the  honorary  degree  of 
B.  S.  upon  him  in  1889.  In  order  to  keep  himself  in  school  he 
worked  in  the  afternoon  and  on  Saturdays  in  a  lawyer's  office, 
and  it  was  largely  that  employment  which  influenced  him  to 
choose  the  law  for  a  profession,  though  the  law  was  a  long  way 
ahead  of  him  at  that  time. 

He  began  his  career  as  a  teacher  in  the  graded  schools  in 
Rock  Hill,  his  birthplace,  in  1889,  and  made  such  a  good  record 
that  the  following  session  he  was  made  principal  of  the  Yorkville 
graded  schools,  and  remained  there  two  years,  1890-92;  in  the 
fall  of  the  latter  year  he  went  to  the  Georgia  Military  institute 
as  commandant  of  cadets,  and  remained  there  until  1893,  when 
he  closed  his  career  as  an  educator.  Meanwhile  he  had  been 
reading  law  during  vacations  and  as  opportunity  occurred,  and 
in  1894  was  admitted  to  the  bar.  Since  then  he  has  practiced 
with  success  in  Yorkville,  and  has  also  been  successful  in  com- 
mercial lines  in  which  his  practice  incidentally  interested  him. 
He  has  been  town  attorney,  and  while  holding  the  office  compiled 
the  provisions  of  the  constitution  and  acts  of  the  legislature 


224  WILLIAM    WALLACE   LEWIS 

relating  to  corporations,  and  the  ordinances  of  the  town  of  York- 
ville,  both  published  in  1902.  He  was  president  and  treasurer  of 
the  Yorkville  Cotton  mills,  September,  1902,  to  April,  1905 ;  is  a 
director  of  the  Yorkville  Loan  and  Savings  Bank;  member  of 
board  of  governors  of  the  Commercial  club;  was  chairman  of 
the  board  of  trustees  of  the  graded  schools  two  years,  and  since 
1901  has  been  a  member  of  the  board  of  visitors  of  the  South 
Carolina  Military  academy.  He  is  colonel  of  the  First  Infantry 
regiment,  National  Guard  of  South  Carolina;  a  Mason;  member 
of  the  Knights  of  Pythias;  of  the  Sigma  Alpha  Epsilon  frater- 
nity, and  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  South.  In  politics 
he  is,  and  has  always  been,  a  Democrat. 

He  rates  the  most  potent  influences  in  his  life  in  the  order 
named:  Home,  school,  and  contact  with  men  in  active  life;  and 
as  the  books  that  were  most  helpful  in  preparing  him  for  his 
life  work,  the  lives  of  Washington,  Franklin,  Lee  and  Jackson. 
He  thinks  every  youth  who  seeks  success  should  start  with  integ- 
rity, energy,  and  a  determination  to  do  something  for  humanity, 
and  to  be  something  under  the  providence  of  God. 

On  December  31,  1890,  he  married  Anna  K.  Rawlinson;  six 
children  have  been  born  to  them,  of  whom  three  are  now  (1907) 
living. 

His  address  is  Yorkville,  York  county,  South  Carolina. 


WILLIAM  GARTER  LINDSAY 

E'NDSAY,  WILLIAM  CARTER,  D.  D.,  Baptist  minister, 
was  born  in  Louisa  county,  Virginia,  February  15,  1840. 
He  was  educated  under  private  tutors,  and  at  the  age 
of  fifteen  was  sent  to  Hanover  academy,  where  he  spent  four 
years  in  charge  of  Colonel  Lewis  Minor  Coleman.  He  spent  two 
years  in  the  Medical  college  of  Richmond,  Virginia,  expecting  to 
enter  the  medical  profession.  Before  he  finished  his  preparation 
for  the  practice  of  medicine  he  entered  the  Confederate  army, 
and  spent  four  years  in  the  cavalry  under  the  famous  General 
J.  E.  B.  Stuart.  After  the  war  he  decided  to  enter  the  ministry 
and  spent  four  years  in  the  Southern  Baptist  Theological  semi- 
nary; then  located  in  Greenville,  South  Carolina,  and  subse- 
quently removed  to  Louisville,  Kentucky.  His  first  pastorate 
was  in  the  town  of  Wilson,  North  Carolina.  He  remained  there 
from  October,  1870,  to  March,  1871.  In  October,  1871,  he  became 
pastor  of  the  Baptist  church  at  Barnwell,  South  Carolina.  Here 
he  remained  five  years,  and  during  his  pastorate  the  congregation 
rapidly  increased  and  the  church  grew  in  strength,  numerically 
and  financially.  While  pastor  in  Barnwell  he  took  a  course  in 
law  under  Honorable  Isaac  Hutson,  not  with  the  intention  of 
practicing  that  profession,  but  for  his  own  pleasure  and  better 
equipment.  He  says  that  the  courses  in  law  and  medicine  have 
been  of  very  great  advantage  to  him  in  the  ministry.  He  resigned 
from  the  Barnwell  church  to  accept  an  agency,  in  the  year  1876, 
to  raise  money  for  the  endowment  of  Furman  university  and  the 
Southern  Baptist  Theological  seminary.  The  effort  did  not  meet 
with  success,  owing  to  the  political  disturbances  in  the  state,  and 
the  financial  stringency  of  the  times. 

In  August,  1877,  Doctor  Lindsay  accepted  the  pastorate  of 
the  Baptist  church  in  the  city  of  Columbia,  and  is  still  (1907) 
the  honored  pastor  of  the  First  Baptist  church  in  that  city. 
When  he  went  to  Columbia  there  was  only  one  Baptist  church 
in  that  city.  Subsequently,  after  other  Baptist  churches  were 
established,  as  the  city  grew,  the  church  of  which  he  is  pastor 
became  known  as  the  First  Baptist  church.  When  Doctor  Lind- 
say became  pastor  of  this  church  it  was  not  considered  a  specially 


226  WILLIAM    CARTER   LINDSAY 

desirable  or  prominent  position,  as  the  church  was  not  strong 
financially  and  its  membership  was  not  large.  He  has  remained 
at  his  post  of  duty  for  about  thirty  years,  and  he  has  seen  his 
church  grow  to  become  one  of  the  most  influential  in  the  city 
and  one  of  the  best  in  the  state.  He  is  more  popular  with  his 
own  members  and  with  the  people  of  the  city  than  ever,  and  he 
is  held  in  the  highest  esteem,  not  only  by  the  people  in  that  city, 
but  also  wherever  he  is  known.  He  has  not  been  very  robust  in 
health,  but  he  has  done  a  vast  amount  of  work  in  his  study,  in 
the  pulpit,  and  in  the  pastorate.  He  has  met  calls  for  special 
services  in  Columbia  and  in  other  parts  of  the  state.  A  few 
years  ago  his  church  provided  him  with  an  assistant  pastor,  and 
if  the  people  can  have  their  way  he  will  remain  in  his  present 
field  the  remainder  of  his  natural  life. 

Doctor  Lindsay  has  been  a  close  student;  he  keeps  up  with 
the  thought  of  the  day,  is  interested  in  public  affairs,  reads  a 
great  deal,  and  has  traveled  extensively  in  this  country  and  in 
Europe.  He  is  a  fluent,  eloquent  and  forcible  speaker.  He  knows 
people,  understands  human  nature,  has  a  fine  vein  of  humor,  a 
genial  disposition,  and  a  warm,  sympathetic  nature.  He  is  held 
in  the  highest  esteem  by  the  religious  denomination  of  which 
he  is  a  distinguished  member,  and  for  many  years  he  has  filled 
prominent  positions,  as  a  member  of  the  board  of  state  missions, 
and  also  a  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Southern 
Baptist  Theological  seminary,  and  for  several  years  he  was  a 
member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  Furman  university.  He 
received  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Divinity  from  the  Washington 
and  Lee  university,  Virginia. 

The  First  Baptist  church,  of  Columbia,  of  which  Doctor 
Lindsay  is  pastor,  meets  in  one  of  the  most  historic  buildings 
in  Columbia.  It  was  in  this  building  that  the  South  Carolina 
Secession  convention  first  met  and  organized  and  held  its  first 
sessions.  Owing  to  the  existence  of  smallpox  in  the  city,  and 
which  had  become  epidemic,  it  was  decided  to  adjourn  and  meet 
in  the  city  of  Charleston,  which  was  done,  and  the  ordinance 
of  secession  was  passed  in  that  city.  The  edifice  of  the  First 
Baptist  church  in  Columbia  is  a  beautiful  and  almost  perfect 
specimen  of  the  Doric  style  of  architecture;  it  is  kept  in  fine 
condition,  is  well  located,  and  is  greatly  prized  by  the  people  of 
Columbia  and  of  the  whole  state.  In  addition,  it  is  a  monument 


WILLIAM    CARTER   LINDSAY  227 

to  the  liberality  and  farsightedness  of  one  of  its  earliest  pastors, 
the  late  Doctor  James  P.  Boyce,  formerly  president  of  the  South- 
ern Baptist  Theological  seminary.  He  was  a  man  of  large  means 
and  but  for  his  large  gifts  to  the  building  funds  such  a  splendid 
house  of  worship  could  not  have  been  built  in  Columbia  in  those 
times,  and  in  the  early  history  of  the  church.  Doctor  Lindsay 
is  a  worthy  successor  of  Doctor  Boyce,  one  of  the  finest  and  ablest 
men  South  Carolina  ever  produced. 

Doctor  Lindsay  married  Margaret  Ella  Steen,  daughter  of 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  Steen,  of  Greenville.  They  have  an  inter- 
esting family  of  sons  and  daughters. 

His  address  is  Columbia,  South  Carolina. 


JAMES  JONATHAN  LUCAS 

E'TCAS,  JAMES  JONATHAN,  soldier,  merchant,  and  viti- 
culturist,  was  born  at  Tiller's  Ferry,  Kershaw  county, 
South  Carolina,  November  21,  1831.  His  father,  Benja- 
min Simons  Lucas,  M.  D.,  was  an  eminent  physician  and  surgeon, 
noted  for  his  intelligence,  sound  judgment,  and  amiability.  His 
mother,  Melita  Eleanor  (Tiller)  Lucas,  whose  ancestors  were 
English  and  Welsh  families  well  known  for  their  integrity  and 
ability,  strongly  impressed  her  powerful  moral  character  upon 
her  son,  to  his  lasting  good.  His  blood  is  English,  and  French 
Huguenot.  On  the  paternal  side,  the  founder  of  the  American 
branch  was  Jonathan  Lucas,  who  came  from  England  to  Charles- 
ton in  1785.  He  invented  a  rice  mill  in  1787,  upon  which  his 
son,  Jonathan,  made  improvements,  which  were  patented  in  1808. 
The  first  ancestor  of  the  family  on  his  father's  maternal  side  to 
settle  in  America  was  Benjamin  Simons,  who  came  from  France 
to  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  in  1685,  upon  the  revocation  of 
the  Edict  of  Nantes,  and  at  once  took  an  active  part  in  the  affairs 
of  the  embryo  city.  His  grandson,  Benjamin  Simons  third,  was 
a  member  of  the  Jacksonboro  legislature. 

Lucas  arms :  Ar.  a  f ess  gu.  between  six  annulets  gu.  Crest : 
Out  of  a  ducal  coronet  or,  a  griffin's  head  couped,  gu.  Motto: 
Veritas  Vincit. 

Major  Lucas  lived  on  a  farm  until  he  was  sixteen  years  old. 
He  was  not  robust  physically,  but  that  he  had  the  stamina  which 
was  to  be  one  of  his  marked  characteristics  in  after  years  was 
demonstrated  when  he  was  only  fifteen.  One  of  the  negro  plow 
hands  being  taken  sick,  he  offered  to  do  the  work.  His  father 
laughingly  doubted  both  the  lad's  ability  and  perseverance.  Thus 
spurred,  the  boy,  though  unaccustomed  to  manual  labor  of  any 
sort,  took  the  negro's  place  and  plowed  every  day  for  a  week 
In  youth  his  favorite  occupations  were  reading  and  horticulture. 
He  received  his  preparatory  education  in  the  country  schools, 
which  he  attended  until  he  was  sixteen,  when  he  entered  the 
South  Carolina  Military  academy,  from  which  he  was  graduated 
November  20,  1851.  In  1904  the  same  institution  conferred  upon 
him  the  degree  of  B.  S. 


JAMES    JONATHAN    LUCAS  231 

He  began  his  business  life  in  1852,  as  a  clerk  in  his  uncle's 
hardware  store,  in  Charleston,  but  the  year  following  he  engaged 
in  the  same  line  of  business  for  himself,  which  he  successfully 
conducted  until  the  opening  of  the  War  between  the  States.  He 
represented  Charleston  in  the  house  of  representatives  from  1856 
to  1862,  and  was  the  first  graduate  of  the  Military  academy  to 
attain  this  distinction.  Among  his  notable  achievements  in  the 
legislature  were  the  acts:  To  appropriate  dividends  on  state- 
owned  railway  stock;  for  deepening  the  entrance  to  Charleston 
harbor;  for  presentation  of  a  sword  to  Captain  Nathan  George 
Evans,  United  States  army,  for  gallant  services  in  Indian  war- 
fare; and  for  the  first  appropriations  for  the  library  at  the 
Citadel.  But  the  proposal  of  which  he  wTas  proudest  failed, 
because  other  members  of  the  legislature  were  not  gifted  with 
his  foresight.  This  was  the  recommendation  of  General  A.  M. 
Manigault,  Colonel  Lewis  M.  Hatch,  and  himself,  members  of  a 
state  commission  to  reform  the  militia  laws,  of  a  bill  authorizing 
the  formation  and  equipment  for  the  field  of  a  select  militia 
force  of  ten  thousand  men.  Opponents  ridiculed  it  as  "Lucas's 
standing  army"  bill,  but  before  Sumter  was  fired  on  they  realized 
how  wise  its  adoption  would  have  been.  In  February,  1861, 
while  serving  as  aide-de-camp  to  Governor  Pickens,  Major  Lucas 
brought  forty  thousand  pounds  of  powder  from  the  Mt.  Vernon 
arsenal,  in  Alabama,  to  Charleston  without  publicity.  This  was 
used  for  the  reduction  of  Fort  Sumter. 

The  history  of  Lucas's  battalion  of  heavy  artillery,  which 
he  commanded  from  its  organization  to  the  end  of  the  war  (when 
he  thinks  he  was  the  senior  major  in  the  Confederate  service), 
is  a  part  of  the  history  of  the  notable  and  gallant  defence  of 
Charleston,  much  of  which  may  be  found  in  official  publications. 

Credit  is  due  Major  Lucas  for  the  most  striking  recognition 
given  the  enlisted  men  by  General  Beauregard — the  naming  of 
Battery  Tynes,  adjacent  to  the  famous  Battery  Pringle,  in  honor 
of  First  Sergeant  S.  A.  Tynes,  Company  A,  Lucas's  battalion  of 
artillery,  who  was  killed  during  the  defence  of  Battery  Wagner. 
He  and  his  command  participated  in  the  capture  of  the  gunboat 
Isaac  Smith,  in  the  Stono  river,  January,  1863;  also  in  the 
famous  continuous  night  and  day  bombardment  of  Fort  Sumter, 
and  Batteries  Wagner  and  Pringle.  It  was  the  failure  to  silence 
Battery  Pringle,  where  Major  Lucas  commanded,  that  prevented 


232  JAMES    JONATHAN    LUCAS 

the  capture  of  Charleston  from  the  rear,  as  Admiral  Dahlgren 
had  planned.  He  was  in  charge  of  the  fortifications  on  the  Stono 
river,  which  guarded  the  back  door  to  Charleston  for  nearly  four 
years — until  the  evacuation  of  that  city  and  its  defences.  With 
his  command  he  joined  General  Hardee's  army  in  its  retreat  to 
North  Carolina,  where  he  took  part  in  the  battles  of  Averysboro 
and  Bentonville,  and  was  struck  five  times.  One  wound  might 
have  proved  fatal  had  not  the  musket  ball  been  stopped  by  a 
suspender  button.  As  a  result,  he  was  three  weeks  in  the  hospital 
at  St.  Mary's  school,  Raleigh,  North  Carolina,  wrhere  he  was  the 
pet  of  fifty  young  ladies.  When  the  fearful  collapse  of  the 
Confederacy  came,  he  was  at  home  on  sick  leave. 

In  1865  he  removed  from  Charleston  to  Societv  Hill,  Dar- 

«>  / 

lington  county,  South  Carolina,  where  by  his  intelligent  culti- 
vation of  grapes  and  wine-making  he  formed  a  noted  industrial 
show  place.  His  home  is  one  of  the  most  refined  and  cultivated 
in  the  state.  He  is  a  director  of  the  Atlantic  Coast  Line  Rail- 
road company ;  a  member  of  the  board  of  visitors,  South  Carolina 
Military  academy ;  and  a  trustee  of  the  Porter  Military  academy, 
Charleston,  South  Carolina.  He  was  president  of  the  Darlington 
Agricultural  society  for  three  years;  is  a  life  member  of  the  St. 
Cecilia  society,  of  Charleston;  is  a  member  of  the  Huguenot 
society  of  that  city ;  was  for  seven  years  captain  of  the  "Palmetto 
Guard,"  Charleston,  and  trained  that  company  for  its  brilliant 
career  in  the  Confederate  army.  He  has  been  a  Mason  since 
1856.  In  politics  he  has  always  been  a  Democrat.  In  religious 
conviction  he  is  an  Episcopalian.  He  is,  and  has  long  been,  a 
lay  reader  of  Trinity  in  his  home  town,  and  he  was  elected 
an  alternate  delegate  from  the  diocese  of  South  Carolina  to  the 
triennial  convention  of  the  American  Episcopal  church,  which 
met  at  Richmond,  Virginia,  in  October,  1907. 

Hunting  and  shooting  were  long  his  favorite  recreations,  but 
he  has  done  little  of  either  for  some  years.  His  advice  to  the 
young  is:  "Be  prompt  in  whatever  you  have  to  do,  and  try  to 
do  it  a  little  better  than  your  fellows."  Fear  of  being  in  the 
minority  never  prevents  him  from  expressing  his  opinion.  He 
never  fought  a  duel,  but,  in  1856,  he  was  one  of  the  seconds  in 
"an  affair  of  honor,"  in  which,  fortunately,  no  blood  was  spilled. 
He  is  an  open  advocate  of  the  code  duello  on  the  ground  that  it 
elevated  the  tone  of  society. 


JAMES    JONATHAN    LUCAS  233 

On  November  21,  1861,  he  married  Carrie  Mclver,  daughter 
of  Rev.  David  R.  Williams  Mclver,  and  granddaughter  of  Judge 
Samuel  Wilds.  Doctor  Thomas  Smith  married  the  widow  of 
Judge  Wilds,  and  adopted  her  granddaughter,  Carrie  Mclver, 
changing  her  name  to  Smith,  three  years  before  her  marriage. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Lucas  had  seven  children,  five  of  whom  are 
living  in  1907.  Mrs.  Lucas  and  J.  J.  Lucas,  Jr.,  passed  into  the 

eternal  world  in  October,  1901,  within  sixteen  davs  of  each  other. 

»/ 

Melita  Eleanor  Lucas,  the  youngest  daughter,  died  July  20,  1907. 
The   address   of  Major  Lucas  is   Society  Hill,  Darlington 
county,  South  Carolina. 


JOSEPH  ALLEN  McCULLOUGH 

McCULLOUGH,  JOSEPH  ALLEN,  LL.  D.,  lawyer  and 
legislator,  was  born  in  Dunklin,  Greenville  county. 
South  Carolina,  September  9,  1865.  His  parents  were 
the  Keverend  A.  C.  and  Ann  Kebecca  (McCullough)  Stepp.  His 
father  was  a  Baptist  minister  and  farmer.  He  was  a  man  of 
strong  convictions,  very  outspoken,  with  a  taste  for  controversy, 
a  close  student  and  a  preacher  of  great  power.  He  was  brought 
prominently  before  the  public  in  1876  by  a  controversy  with 
Doctor  Toy  on  the  inspiration  of  the  Scriptures.  He  was  not 
only  able  as  a  writer  and  forceful  in  the  pulpit,  but  he  was  also 
an  effective  stump  speaker,  and  in  this  line  he  did  good  service 
for  the  Democratic  party.  His  adopted  father,  Colonel  James 
McCullough,  was  a  farmer,  an  officer  of  the  Sixteenth  regiment, 
South  Carolina  volunteers,  in  the  Confederate  States  army  in 
the  War  between  the  States,  a  member  of  the  state  legislature, 
and  a  member  of  the  convention  which  nominated  Wade  Hamp- 
ton for  governor  of  South  Carolina  in  18T6.  His  first  ancestor 
in  America  was  Joseph  McCullough,  who  came  from  County 
Antrim,  Ireland,  and  was  one  of  the  earlier  European  settlers  in 
this  country. 

When  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  an  infant  his  mother  was 
seriously  ill,  and  her  brother,  Colonel  James  McCullough,  and 
his  wife,  having  no  children  of  their  own,  adopted  him  and  by 
an  act  of  the  legislature  had  his  name  changed  to  McCullough. 
In  his  early  years  Joseph  McCullough  was  in  good  health. 
His  home  was  in  the  country.  He  was  fond  of  reading,  fishing 
and  hunting,  and  took  pleasure  in  working  with  the  thresher,  the 
cotton  gin,  and  other  farm  machinery.  At  this  time  mechanical 
devices  for  feeding  had  not  been  introduced,  and  he  was  regarded 
as  the  best  cotton  gin  feeder  in  the  county.  For  ordinary  farm 
work,  however,  he  had  no  taste.  This  fact,  together  with  his  love 
for  books,  led  him  to  study  for  one  of  the  learned  professions. 
He  attended  the  schools  in  the  neighborhood,  studied  a  year  at 
Wofford  college,  and  then  went  to  South  Carolina  college,  which 
he  entered  in  1882  and  from  which  he  was  graduated,  with  the 
degrees  of  A.  B.  and  LL.  B.,  in  1887.  The  active  work  of  life 


rOBLlC  LIBRARY 


JOSEPH    ALLEN    M'CULLOUGH  237 

was  commenced  in  September,  1887,  as  a  lawyer  in  Greenville, 
South  Carolina,  where  he  soon  secured  a  large  and  profitable 
practice.  In  1892  he  became  city  attorney,  which  position  he 
held  for  six  years.  For  several  years  he  was  president  of  the 
Carolina  Loan  and  Trust  company,  and  from  1896  to  1900  he 
was  a  member  of  the  state  legislature.  He  has  held  several  terms 
of  court  as  special  judge;  has  also  conducted  a  law  school  for 
one  session  at  Furman  university.  He  has  delivered  numerous 
addresses  on  important  occasions  and  written  many  articles  for 
the  newspaper  press.  He  is  now,  and  has  been  for  years,  a  mem- 
ber of  the  board  of  visitors  of  Wofford  college. 

In  obtaining  an  education  he  not  only  had  no  difficulties  to 
overcome,  but  he  received  a  great  deal  of  encouragement.  He 
says  that  he  is  not,  in  any  sense,  "a  self-made  man."  Of  the 
books  which  helped  him  greatly  in  boyhood  and  youth  he  names 
the  Bible,  history  and  biography,  and  the  works  of  Dickens  and 
Bulwer.  In  recent  years  he  has  derived  much  benefit  from  the 
writings  of  Tolstoi,  Emerson,  and  Doctor  Watson.  His  first 
strong  impulse  to  strive  for  the  prizes  of  life  seems  to  have  come 
to  him  from  reading  biographies  of  distinguished  men  and  from 
the  encouragement  given  him  by  Doctor  McBryde,  president  of 
South  Carolina  college,  when,  by  reason  of  an  attack  of  fever, 
he  had  fallen  behind  his  class  and  was  thinking  of  giving  up  his 
studies  and  going  back  to  the  farm.  Thus  incited,  he  returned 
to  college,  did  the  work  of  four  years  in  three  years,  and  led  his 
law  class  in  its  final  examinations. 

In  estimating,  by  request,  the  relative  strength  of  various 
specified  influences  in  enabling  him  to  succeed  in  life,  he  places 
that  of  home  as  first.  For  some  years  he  lived  within  two  miles 
of  his  own  parents  and  spent  considerable  time  with  them.  The 
influence  of  both  his  mothers  was  especially  strong  for  good. 
Next  in  the  scale  he  places  private  study;  and  third,  he  names 
contact  with  men  in  active  life.  He  adds,  however,  that  above 
all  these  should  be  placed  religious  ideas  and  influences.  He  was 
free  to  choose  his  own  profession,  and  from  the  fact  that  he  has 
made  a  success  therein,  it  is  evident  that  his  choice  was  wise. 
He  finds  his  principal  relaxation  in  driving  and  reading.  He 
has  taken  one  course  of  physical  culture,  from  which  he  derived 
great  benefit.  Of  the  prominent  fraternities  with  which  he  is 
connected,  he  names  the  Masons,  Odd  Fellows,  Knights  of 


238  JOSEPH   ALLEN    M'CULLOUGH 

Pythias,  and  Woodmen  of  the  World.  He  has  been  high  priest 
of  the  Cyrus  chapter  of  Masons,  and  president  of  the  "Club  of 
Thirty-nine."  In  politics  he  has  always  been  a  Democrat.  His 
religious  affiliation  is  with  the  Methodist  Episcopal  church,  of 
which  he  is  a  prominent  member  and  in  which  he  has  held  an 
official  position  for  many  years.  He  was  chairman  of  the  lay 
delegation  to  the  general  conference  of  his  church,  which  con- 
vened at  Birmingham,  Alabama,  in  May,  1906.  Together  with 
four  other  jurists  and  lawyers,  he  was  appointed  a  member  of 
the  Vanderbilt  commission  for  the  purpose  of  investigating  and 
deciding  the  legal  relations  existing  between  Vanderbilt  univer- 
sity and  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  South.  Several  sessions 
were  held  and  a  decision  was  filed  settling  these  issues,  which 
had  long  been  a  matter  of  controversy  in  the  church. 

On  June  3,  1890,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Maud  d'Alvigny, 
of  Atlanta,  Georgia.  Of  their  five  children,  three  are  living  in 
190T. 

In  reply  to  a  request  for  suggestions  regarding  the  principles 
and  habits  which  will  most  help  young  people  to  attain  true 
success  in  life,  Mr.  McCullough  advises  them  to  avoid  all  intoxi- 
cants; to  use  tobacco,  if  at  all,  in  moderation;  to  care  for  the 
body;  to  be  systematic,  looking  carefully  after  details;  and  to 
fully  master  the  subject  in  hand.  For  reading  he  recommends 
good  literature,  and  especially  the  Bible,  history  and  biography. 
By  hard  and  persistent  study  and  effort  he  has  secured  a  place  in 
the  front  rank  of  his  profession  in  the  state,  and  by  his  upright 
life,  his  courtesy,  and  his  fidelity,  he  has  won  a  large  measure 
of  public  esteem.  At  its  Centennial  celebration  in  January,  1905, 
South  Carolina  college  conferred  upon  him  the  honorary  degree 
of  LL.  D. 

He  owns  large  plantations  in  the  country,  but  his  home, 
which  is  attractive  and  to  which  he  is  strongly  attached,  is  in 
Greenville,  South  Carolina. 


•  JAMES  McINTOSH 

McINTOSH,  JAMES,  a  leading  professional  and  business 
man  of  Newberry,  South  Carolina,  was  born  at  Society 
Hill,  in  the  county  of  Darlington,  South  Carolina,  on 
Febuary  27,  1838.  His  father,  James  Hawes  Mclntosh,  was  a 
merchant  and  farmer,  and  a  man  of  strict  integrity,  and  was 
successful  in  his  business  and  other  relations. 

An  early  ancestor,  John  Mclntosh,  a  man  of  distinction, 
came  from  Scotland  to  the  Welsh  Xeck  settlement  on  the  Pee 
Dee  in  1750. 

Strong,  athletic,  and  unburdened  by  labor,  save  such  as  he 
chose  to  perform,  young  Mclntosh  passed  in  his  native  village 
a  happy  childhood.  His  mother,  Martha  Gregg  Mclntosh,  had 
much  to  do  with  shaping  his  moral,  spiritual  and  intellectual 
character,  and  her  influence  he  regards  as  the  dominant  factor  in 
his  life.  School  privileges  were  his  from  the  first.  He  attended 
the  village  school  at  Society  Hill,  and  South  Carolina  college 
at  Columbia.  Having  a  decided  leaning  toward  medicine,  he 
resolved  to  prepare  himself  for  this  profession.  To  this  end  he 
entered  the  South  Carolina  Medical  college  at  Charleston,  the 
leading  institution  of  its  character  in  the  state.  In  the  year 
1861  he  was  graduated  with  distinction.  Ten  years  later  he 
supplemented  this  course  with  studies  in  gynecology,  and  the 
therapeutics  of  the  throat  and  lungs,  in  New  York  city.  His 
standing  in  general  scholarship  and  in  his  profession  has  been 
recognized  by  the  South  Carolina  college  and  the  South  Carolina 
Medical  college,  both  of  which  institutions  have  honored  him, 
and,  at  the  same  time,  honored  themselves,  by  conferring  upon 
him  their  degrees. 

For  the  subject  of  this  sketch  the  serious  work  of  life  began 
when,  at  the  opening  of  the  War  between  the  States,  he  enlisted 
in  Company  F,  Eighth  regiment  of  South  Carolina  volunteers. 
Soon  afterward  he  was  appointed  assistant  surgeon  in  the  state 
service.  Two  weeks  later  the  Eighth  regiment  was  mustered  into 
the  Confederate  service,  and,  as  he  was  anxious  to  go  to  Virginia, 
Mr.  Mclntosh  resigned  his  commission,  joined  the  same  company 
and  regiment,  and  went  to  that  state.  He  served  through  the 


240  JAMES  M'INTOSH 

summer  campaign  and  was  under  Kershaw's  command  at  the 
first  battle  of  Manassas.  On  November  1,  1861,  he  was  appointed 
assistant  surgeon  in  the  Confederate  States  army,  and  until  Feb- 
ruary, 1865,  he  served  continuously  at  Charlottesville,  Virginia. 
After  the  capture  of  Charleston,  and  the  destruction  of  Columbia, 
he  was  ordered  to  South  Carolina,  established  a  temporary  hos- 
pital at  Newberry,  and  continued  there  until  the  last  of  the 
volunteers  of  the  armies  of  Lee  and  Johnston  had  passed  through 
to  their  Western  homes.  In  June,  1865,  he  entered  upon  the 
general  practice  of  medicine  and  surgery  at  Newberry,  South 
Carolina. 

Among  the  positions  held  by  Doctor  Mclntosh  may  be  named 
the  presidency  of  the  South  Carolina  Medical  association  (1876- 
1877)  ;  trustee  of  Furman  university;  president  Newberry  Build- 
ing and  Loan  association,  and  president  of  the  Newberry  Savings 
bank.  Doctor  Mclntosh  has  also  served  as  chairman  of  the  board 
of  commissioners  of  public  works  of  Newberry,  South  Carolina, 
for  eight  years. 

Throughout  his  life,  and  in  the  midst  of  changing  party 
policies,  Doctor  Mclntosh  has  been  a  Democrat.  In  religious 
faith  he  is  a  Baptist.  In  addressing  young  Americans  he  would 
emphasize  the  supreme  worth  of  character,  honesty,  honor,  and 
truthfulness,  and  would  urge  the  importance  of  fidelity  to  obli- 
gations; of  energy,  industry,  application,  and  the  determination 
to  succeed. 

On  the  25th  of  November,  1862,  Doctor  Mclntosh  married 
Miss  Fannie  C.  Higgins.  They  had  four  children.  On  June  13, 
1903,  he  married  Mrs.  Sarah  B.  Boozer  (nee  Rook),  of  which 
union  two  children  have  been  born.  Five  of  the  children  are 
now  (1907)  living. 

The  address  of  Doctor  Mclntosh  is  Newberry,  South  Caro- 
lina. 


JOHN  LOWNDES   McLAURIN 

McLAURIN,  JOHN  LOWNDES,  lawyer,  legislator,  some- 
time member  of  the  United  States  senate  and  house 
of  representatives,  was  born  at  Red  Bluff,  Marlboro 
county,  South  Carolina,  May  9,  1860,  son  of  Philip  Bethea  and 
T.  J.  (Weatherly)  McLaurin.  He  is  of  Scotch  descent,  and  the 
family  tradition  records  Colin  McLaurin,  the  celebrated  Scotch 
mathematician,  as  the  earliest  known  ancestor.  His  great-grand- 
father, John  Lauchin  McLaurin,  who  emigrated  from  Argyle- 
shire,  Scotland,  about  1785,  was  the  founder  of  the  American 
branch  of  the  family,  in  the  paternal  line,  while  his  mother's 
forebears  were  substantially  settled  in  this  country  before  the 
Revolution. 

The  father  of  John  L.  McLaurin,  was  an  extensive  planter 
in  Marlboro  county,  a  lawyer  of  marked  ability,  and  a  public 
speaker  of  high  local  reputation.  He  served  in  the  legislature 
of  the  state  two  terms,  entered  the  Confederate  army  during  the 
War  between  the  States,  in  which  he  commanded  a  company  in 
a  regiment  of  South  Carolina  volunteers,  and  gave  promise  of  a 
brilliant  career,  when,  at  the  age  of  thirty-three,  he  met  an 
untimely  death.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Davidson  college,  North 
Carolina,  a  man  of  refined  nature,  scholarly  habits,  and  much 
intellectual  force.  At  his  death  he  left  three  children:  John  L., 
the  eldest;  Thomas,  who  died  at  Englewood,  New  Jersey,  at  the 
age  of  thirteen;  and  Margaret,  who  married  Throop  Crosland. 

His  mother  was  a  daughter  of  Colonel  T.  C.  Weatherly,  a 
prominent  legislator  of  the  state,  and  author  of  the  South  Caro- 
lina "Lien  Law"  and  several  other  important  measures.  After 
the  death  of  her  husband  she  married  W.  S.  Mowry  and  removed 
to  Englewood,  New  Jersey,  where  the  youth  of  her  children  was 
in  part  passed. 

Mr.  McLaurin  was  educated  at  Bennettsville  academy;  the 
academy  at  Englewood,  New  Jersey;  Swarthmore  college,  Penn- 
sylvania; Carolina  Military  institute,  and  the  University  of 
Virginia.  He  was  graduated  from  the  Carolina  Military  institute 
in  1880,  and  received  his  degree  in  law  from  the  University  of 
Virginia  in  1882.  In  the  year  following  he  was  admitted  to 

Vol.  I— S.   C.— 12 


242  JOHN    LOWNDES 

the  bar,  and  began  the  practice  of  law  at  Bennettsville,  South 
Carolina.  His  training  and  natural  abilities  soon  gave  him  a 
commanding  place  at  the  bar  of  the  county,  and  made  him  a 
strong  advocate  and  a  leader  in  local  politics.  For  some  years 
after  his  admission  to  the  bar  he  was  associated  in  practice  with 
Judge  C.  P.  Townsend,  of  Bennettsville. 

In  1890  he  was  elected  to  the  South  Carolina  legislature,  and 
to  the  office  of  attorney-general  of  the  state  in  the  following  year. 
After  a  brief  career  as  the  chief  law  officer  of  the  state,  he  was 
elected  to  the  lower  house  of  congress,  and  served  in  that  body 
from  1891  to  1897.  Here  he  was  a  member  of  the  Ways  and 
Means  committee.  Upon  the  death  of  Joseph  H.  Earle,  United 
States  senator  from  South  Carolina,  he  was  appointed  by  Gov- 
ernor Ellerbe,  on  May  27,  1897,  to  fill  out  the  unexpired  term  of 
that  senator.  After  a  vigorous  campaign,  in  which  the  question 
was  submitted  to  the  people  of  the  state,  he  was  regularly  elected 
to  the  United  States  senate  for  the  term  ending  March  3,  1903. 

While  in  the  United  States  senate  Mr.  McLaurin  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  committees  on  claims,  improvement  of  the  Mississippi 
river  and  tributaries,  Indian  affairs,  manufactures ;  organization, 
conduct  and  expenditures  of  the  executive  departments;  trans- 
portation routes  to  the  seaboard,  and  industrial  expositions.  His 
attitude  on  public  questions  was  one  of  dignified  independence, 
and  his  advanced  views  brought  him  into  sharp  conflict  with  the 
conservatism  of  his  party  in  the  state.  On  July  25,  1901,  the 
Democratic  State  Executive  committee  of  South  Carolina  asked 
him  to  tender  his  resignation  as  United  States  senator,  which 
request  he  ignored  as  coming  from  a  misunderstanding  of  his  true 
position  on  important  issues  to  the  South.  A  very  clear  and 
logical  vindication  of  his  political  course  in  congress  was  made 
in  a  speech  delivered  at  the  annual  dinner  of  the  New  York 
chamber  of  commerce  in  1901. 

Senator  McLaurin's  most  important  speeches  while  in  the 
senate  were  his  deliverances  on  "The  Philippine  Islands,"  Feb- 
ruary 28,  1900,  and  on  "The  Repeal  of  the  Ten  Per  Cent.  Tax 
on  State  Banks  of  Issue,"  January  16,  1900.  These  speeches, 
especially  the  one  on  the  Philippine  policy  of  the  country,  were 
marked  by  careful  preparation,  cogent  reasoning,  and  a  broad 
view  of  public  policy,  although  they  were  the  chief  offenders 
against  the  more  provincial  sensibilities  of  the  South. 


JOHN   LOWNDES    M?LAURIN  243 

On  July  11,  1902,  President  Roosevelt  tendered  Senator 
McLaurin  the  position  of  judge  of  the  United  States  court  of 
claims,  which  he  declined,  and  at  the  expiration  of  his  term  as 
senator  he  returned  to  the  practice  of  law. 

Before  entering  congress,  Mr.  McLaurin  was,  for  some  time, 
chief  of  ordnance  on  the  staff  of  Governor  B.  R.  Tillman,  with 
the  rank  of  colonel,  and  was  also  captain  of  a  volunteer  company 
of  militia  known  as  the  Gordon  Rifles. 

On  February  19,  1883,  Mr.  McLaurin  married  Nora  Breeden, 
daughter  of  Thomas  J.  and  Sallie  Helen  Breeden,  of  Marlboro 
county,  South  Carolina.  They  have  had  six  children,  all  of  whom 
are  now  (1907)  living. 

His  address  is  Bennettsville,  Marlboro  county,  South  Caro- 
lina. 


AMOS  McMANUS 

McMANUS,  AMOS,  of  Lancaster,  South  Carolina, 
ex-sheriff  of  Lancaster  county,  ex-member  of  the  legis- 
lature of  his  state,  a  veteran  of  the  Mexican  war, 
captain  of  a  company  in  the  Confederate  army  for  thirteen 
months,  1861-1862,  in  the  War  between  the  States,  was  born  at 
Lancaster  on  May  15,  1826.  His  father  was  a  farmer  of  sterling 
character,  John  McManus.  His  great-grandfather  came  from 
Ireland  to  Virginia  in  colonial  times;  and  his  grandfather 
removed  from  Virginia  and  settled  in  the  western  part  of  Ches- 
terfield county  on  Lynch  river. 

Born  on  a  farm  and  the  son  of  a  farmer,  he  early  determined 
upon  farming  as  his  own  life  occupation.  He  attended  the  com- 
mon schools  of  his  county,  meanwhile  having  excellent  health, 
and  doing  such  "chores,"  and  such  kinds  of  more  regular  and 
more  severe  work  on  a  farm  as  his  strength  and  youth  permitted. 
He  had  access  to  few  books  besides  school  text-books  and  the 
Bible;  but  he  learned  to  love  to  read  the  Book  of  Books. 

At  the  outbreak  of  the  Mexican  war  he  joined  the  army  and 
for  nineteen  months,  in  1846,  1847,  1848,  he  was  with  the  United 
States  forces  on  the  border  and  in  Mexico. 

In  1861  he  was  elected  sheriff  of  his  county,  serving  for  three 
years,  after  he  had  served  as  captain  in  the  War  between  the 
States  for  one  year. 

In  1880  he  was  chosen  as  the  representative  of  Lancaster 
county  in  the  house  of  representatives  of  South  Carolina,  serving 
two  years,  1881  and  1882. 

He  was  postmaster  of  Taxahaw,  Lancaster  county,  South 
Carolina,  for  four  years,  1886  to  1890. 

Connected  early  in  life  with  the  Democratic  party,  he  has 
not,  at  any  time,  found  reason  to  swerve  from  his  allegiance  to 
that  organization,  but  he  has  supported  its  measures  and  its 
candidates. 

He  has  been  twice  married:  to  Martha  Ann  Hough  on 
December  18,  1849;  and  a  second  time  to  Rebecca  Jane  Roberts 
on  March  31,  1864.  By  his  first  wife  he  had  a  daughter. 


AMOS  M'MANUS  245 

In  his  religious  belief  and  worship  he  is  identified  with  the 
Baptist  church. 

A  veteran  of  two  wars,  an  octogenarian  who  has  always 
proved  his  public  spirit  by  his  deeds,  he  feels  that  he  owes  much 
of  his  outlook  upon  life  and  his  interest  in  public  affairs  to  the 
stirring  scenes  in  which  he  had  a  part,  in  1846-1848,  and  1861- 
1865;  and  to  the  men  in  public  life  with  whom  he  has  been 
associated.  Many  well-wishers  in  his  county  and  state  hope  to 
see  Mr.  McManus  live  out  a  full  century  of  useful  life. 

His  address  is  Lancaster,  Lancaster  county,  South  Carolina. 


JOHN  McSWEEN 

McSWEEN,  JOHN,  of  Timmonsville,  South  Carolina, 
president  of  the  John  McSween  company,  is  a  business 
man  who  by  his  energy,  perseverance  and  probity,  has 
built  up  in  a  comparatively  small  place  a  business  such  as  would 
deserve  and  command  attention  in  any  city  of  the  South.  Born 
in  Argyleshire,  Scotland,  December  21,  1847,  and  entering  a  store 
in  Glasgow,  Scotland,  as  messenger  boy,  when  he  was  but  four- 
teen, he  has  steadily  won  his  way  by  industry  and  fair  dealing; 
and  now,  for  thirty-three  years  a  merchant,  and  for  fourteen 
years  a  banker,  his  success  in  business  life  entitles  him  to  be 
ranked  among  South  Carolina's  "men  of  mark." 

His  father,  John  McSween,  was  a  Gaelic  school-teacher,  a 
man  of  piety  and  character,  who  did  necessary  religious  mis- 
sionary work  while  he  taught  among  the  Scotch  highlanders. 
Both  he  and  his  wife,  Mrs.  Catherine  McSween,  had  a  decided 
and  deep  influence  for  good  upon  the  character  of  their  son,  who 
was  the  second  of  the  family  to  come  to  America. 

Strong  and  healthy  as  a  boy,  making  good  use  of  the  limited 
opportunity  for  an  elementary  education,  which  was  open  to  him 
in  a  Scotch  country  school,  John  McSween  laid  the  foundation 
of  a  business  education  in  the  public  school  at  Port  Ellen  Islay, 
Scotland.  The  "Lives  of  Eminent  Scotchmen,"  and  other  biog- 
raphies, early  stirred  his  ambition;  and  as  he  met  with  or  read 
of  men  who  had  succeeded  in  life,  he  says:  "I  determined,  if 
hard  work  could  accomplish  it,  to  succeed,  myself."  His  own 
choice  led  him  toward  a  mercantile  life;  and  at  fourteen  he 
became  errand  boy  in  a  Glasgow  store. 

In  1868  he  came  to  South  Carolina,  and  he  established  him- 
self at  Timmonsville  soon  afterward.  In  1873  he  began  an 
independent  business  there,  on  his  own  account.  It  has  grown 
under  his  management  until  it  has  become  the  important  corpo- 
ration known  as  "The  John  McSween  Company,  Wholesale  and 
Retail  Dealers  in  General  Merchandise,"  whose  spacious  building 
is  one  of  the  marked  features  of  Timmonsville,  while  the  trade 
of  the  company  is  widely  distributed  through  all  that  section. 


JOHN  M'SWEEN  247 

Mr.  McSween  is  president  of  the  company.  He  is  also 
president  of  the  Bank  of  Timmonsville.  He  was  one  of  the  com- 
missioners to  look  after  the  construction  of  the  public  buildings 
when  Florence  county  was  established.  He  is  a  member  of  the 

•/ 

Commercial  club  and  of  the  St.  Andrew's  society  of  Charleston. 

In  his  political  associations  he  is  a  Democrat.  Born  of  a 
Christian  mother,  whose  religious  beliefs  and  Christian  life 
impressed  her  son  deeply,  and  having  a  devotedly  pious  father, 
he  early  became  by  conviction  and  choice  identified  with  the 
Presbyterian  church.  "The  influence  of  home  was  paramount  in 
my  life,"  he  says,  "and  association  with  clean  companions,  and 
good  reading,"  helped  to  form  sound  principles  and  high  ideals 
of  business  life. 

On  March  12,  1882,  he  married  Miss  Kate  Keith;  and  they 
have  two  children. 

This  successful  and  honorable  merchant,  whom  all  Caro- 
linians who  know  him  would  gladly  enroll  among  the  natives 
of  South  Carolina  if  they  might,  writes  for  young  men  of  his 
adopted  state  this  brief  advice:  "The  young  man  who  would 
succeed  must  be  willing  to  pay  the  cost  of  success.  He  must 
apply  himself  in  earnest.  He  must  use  self-denial.  He  must 
have  high  ideals  of  life.  He  must  dare  to  do  right." 

His  address  is  Timmonsville,  Florence  county,  South  Caro- 
lina, 


RICHARD  IRVINE  MANNING 

MANNING,  RICHARD  IRVINE,  son  of  Richard  Irvine 
Manning  and  his  wife,  Elizabeth  Allen  Sinkler,  was 
born  at  Homesley  plantation,  Sumter  county,  South 
Carolina,  August  15,  1859.     The  father,  a  man  of  equable  tem- 
perament and  gentle  and  unobtrusive  in  manner,  was  noted  for 
his  excellent  judgment  and  scrupulous  uprightness  in  life.     He 
impressed  all  as  an  honorable  and  just  man,  and  his  opinion 
naturally,  in  matters  of  moment,  was  often  sought.     He  was  a 
successful  planter,  and  served  acceptably  in  the  state  senate  of 
South  Carolina. 

His  paternal  ancestor,  Laurence  Manning,  was  born  in  Ire- 
land, and  emigrated  thence  prior  to  the  American  Revolution 
and  settled  in  Craven,  subsequently  Clarendon,  county,  South 
Carolina.  He  married  a  daughter  of  Richard  Richardson,  a 
distinguished  patriot,  born  near  Jamestown,  Virginia,  1704,  where 
he  had  been  a  land  surveyor.  He  removed  to  Craven  county, 
South  Carolina,  where  he  engaged  in  farming.  During  the  Indian 
border  wars  he  commanded  a  regiment;  was  a  member  of  the 
council  of  safety  at  Charleston  in  1775;  and  for  his  services  in 
quelling  a  dangerous  loyalist  revolt  in  the  "back  country"  received 
the  thanks  of  the  provincial  congress  and  was  promoted  to  the 
rank  of  brigadier-general.  He  was  a  member  of  the  legislative 
council  of  1776,  and  in  the  provincial  congress  of  South  Carolina 
assisted  in  forming  the  state  constitution.  Lord  Cornwallis  made 
fruitless  efforts  to  gain  him  over  to  the  royal  cause.  Made  prisoner 
at  the  capture  of  Charleston,  he  returned  from  the  prison  of  St. 
Augustine  and  died  in  a  few  days  near  Salisbury,  North  Carolina, 
in  September,  1781.  His  eldest  son,  Colonel  Richard  Richardson, 
commanded  the  right  wing  of  General  Francis  Marion's  army  at 
the  battle  of  Eutaw,  and  was  wounded.  Another  son,  James  B. 
Richardson,  was  governor  of  South  Carolina,  1802-1804. 

The  same  Laurence  Manning,  great-grandfather  of  the 
subject  of  this  sketch,  was  a  Revolutionary  soldier,  and  was 
distinguished  for  his  intrepid  courage  and  imperturbability  of 
demeanor  in  moments  of  great  peril,  instances  of  which  are 


RICHARD    IRVINE    MANNING  251 

narrated  in  "Garden's  Anecdotes."     He  was  the  first  adjutant- 
general  of  the  state  of  South  Carolina. 

His  son,  Richard  Irvine  Manning,  was  born  in  Sumter  dis- 
trict, May  1,  1789;  was  graduated  from  South  Carolina  college 
in  1811;  served  in  the  war  of  1812;  was  a  member  of  the  South 
Carolina  legislature  1822,  and  governor  of  South  Carolina  1824- 
1826;  was  state  senator,  and  was  elected  a  member  of  congress 
from  South  Carolina  in  1834,  and  died  during  his  term,  in  Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania,  May  1,  1836. 

The  early  years  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  were  passed 
upon  the  plantation  of  his  father,  and  he  grew  up  a  healthy  and 
active  lad,  fond  of  horseback  riding  and  fox  hunting.  His  father 
dying  when  he  was  only  two  years  of  age,  the  responsible  care 
of  the  plantation  and  of  his  mother  and  sisters  fell  upon  him 
when  he  was  a  mere  lad.  His  training  was  of  great  value  to 
him.  It  necessitated  daily  intercourse  with  his  neighbors  in 
varied  matters  of  business  and  impressed  him  with  the  value  of 
the  golden  rule  in  all  his  transactions  as  well  as  accustoming 
himself  to  self-sacrifice. 

His  mother  was  highly  educated  and  refined,  a  sincerely 
pious  woman  of  deep  religious  faith  in  whom  all  considerations 
of  selfish  comfort  and  pleasure  were  always  subservient  to  her 
duty  to  God,  to  the  cause  of  humanity  and  the  good  of  her 
country.  The  special  lines  of  reading  which  young  Manning 
found  most  helpful  in  fitting  him  for  his  work  in  life  were, 
primarily,  the  Bible,  with  the  biographies  of  men  famous  in  the 
world's  progress.  After  attending  the  primary  schools  in  the 
vicinity  of  his  birth,  he  was  for  two  years  a  student  at  the  Ken- 
more  University  high  school  of  the  late  H.  A.  Strode,  in  Amherst 
county,  Virginia,  and  later  at  the  University  of  Virginia,  which 
he  left  in  1879  before  completing  the  course  of  study. 

He  commenced  the  active  work  of  his  life  in  Sumter  county, 
South  Carolina,  as  a  farmer  in  1880. 

On  February  10,  1881,  he  married,  at  Richmond,  Virginia, 
Lelia  Bernard  Meredith,  daughter  of  Honorable  John  A.  Mere- 
dith and  Sarah  Anne  Bernard,  his  wife.  Judge  Meredith  was  a 
descendant  of  Colonel  Elisha  Meredith,  of  the  American  Revo- 
lution. Two  brothers  of  Mrs.  Manning,  Messrs.  Charles  V.  and 
Wyndham  Robertson  Meredith,  of  Richmond,  Virginia,  are 
prominent  members  of  the  Virginia  bar.  The  first  choice  of 


252  RICHARD    IRVINE    MANNING 

young  Manning  was  for  the  profession  of  law,  but  his  eyesight 
being  threatened,  he  abandoned  the  study. 

He  was  elected  a  member  of  the  house  of  representatives  of 
South  Carolina  in  1892,  and  in  1894,  although  he  declined  the 
nomination,  he  was  reflected  to  the  house.  In  1898  he  was  elected 
a  member  of  the  state  senate  of  South  Carolina,  was  reflected 
in  1902,  and  served  as  president  pro  tempore  of  that  body  in 
1905.  He  was  also  chairman  of  the  finance  committee,  a  member 
of  the  sinking  fund  commission  of  the  senate,  and  a  member  of 
the  Wade  Hampton  Monument  commission.  He  was  a  candidate 
for  the  Democratic  nomination  for  governor  of  South  Carolina 
at  the  Democratic  primaries  in  1906,  but  failed  of  success,  after 
a  hotly  contested  campaign,  in  spite  of  his  confessedly  greater 
popularity  than  that  enjoyed  by  his  winning  competitor. 

Besides  developing  his  planting  interests,  Mr.  Manning  has 
proved  himself  in  many  ways  a  progressive  and  public-spirited 
citizen,  and  has  been  influentially  connected  with  various  business 
and  other  enterprises.  Among  his  trusts  have  been  president  and 
treasurer  of  the  Masonic  Temple  association,  president  of  the 
Sumter  Compress  company,  president  of  the  Sumter  Cotton 
Warehouse  company,  president  of  the  Home  Building  and  Loan 
association ;  director  in  the  Bank  of  Sumter,  in  the  Sumter  Tele- 
phone Manufacturing  company,  Sumter  Telephone  company, 
Sumter  Machinery  company,  Sumter  and  Wateree  Railroad  com- 
pany, and  president  of  the  Bank  of  Sumter.  He  has  also  been 
connected  with  other  enterprises  tending  to  the  improvement  and 
development  of  his  community  and  state.  In  his  party  affiliation 
he  has  been  a  consistent  Democrat,  and  has  always  aided  in  every 
effort  to  purify  elections — "the  ballot  being  the  foundation  stone 
of  republican  institutions."  He  believes  that  "effort  should  be 
made  to  rid  elections  of  fraud;  that  they  should  be  protected 
from  the  exercise  of  undue  influence  so  as  to  arrive  at  a  free  and 
untrammeled  expression  of  the  popular  will."  He  introduced  in 
the  house  of  representatives,  in  1894,  a  rigid  Australian  ballot 
bill,  but  it  was  defeated.  He  has  always  taken  an  active  part  in 
all  legislation  touching  the  assessment  and  taxation  of  property, 
and  in  everything  promoting  the  educational  interests  of  South 
Carolina.  He  has  actively  worked  for  the  development  of  the 
common  school  system,  as  well  as  for  the  thorough  equipment 
and  the  broadening  of  the  sphere  of  the  institutions  of  higher 


RICHARD    IRVINE    MANNING  253 

learning.  He  is  a  communicant  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
church,  is  chairman  of  the  vestry  of  the  church  at  Sumter,  and 
its  treasurer,  and  is  also  treasurer  of  St.  Mark's  church  at  Clar- 
endon, South  Carolina.  He  is  a  member  of  the  standing  com- 
mittee of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  diocese  of  South  Carolina, 
chairman  of  the  finance  committee  of  the  diocese  of  its  board 
of  missions,  and  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Young  Men's 
Christian  association  of  Xorth  and  South  Carolina.  He  served 
in  the  state  militia  of  South  Carolina,  18T6-T8.  He  is  a  member 
of  the  following  fraternities:  A.  F.  and  A.  Masons,  the  Delta 
Kappa  Epsilon,  and  the  Knights  of  Pythias.  He  has  found 
healthful  relaxation  from  the  duties  of  his  busy  and  useful  career 
in  driving,  riding,  occasional  hunting,  and  travel  when  time  and 
opportunity  have  admitted. 

He  believes  that  the  principles,  methods  and  habits  which 
will  prove  most  helpful  to  our  young  people  in  attaining  true 
success  in  life  are:  "A  regular  reading  and  study  of  the  Bible, 
the  study  of  history  and  the  biographies  of  those  characters 
whose  lives  and  achievements  appeal  to  the  student,  and,  above 
all,  to  ever  aim  at  the  attainment  of  the  highest  ideals  of  citizen- 
ship, with  purity  of  morals  and  uprightness  in  character  in  the 
dailv  walks  of  life:  to  feel  it  a  duty  to  take  interest  in  and  to 

c/  •/ 

create,  foster  and  direct  a  healthy  public  sentiment  in  all  public 
questions,  and  to  be  ever  ready  to  sacrifice  private  inclination, 
personal  comfort,  and  pecuniary  interests,  in  the  discharge  of 
duty  to  God  and  to  fellowmen,  with  the  paramount  ambition  to 
be  useful  and  valued  members  of  the  community." 

His  address  is  421  North  Main  street,  Sumter,  Sumter  county, 
South  Carolina. 


PATRICK  HUES  MELL 

MELL,  PATKICK  HUES,  Ph.  D.,  was  born  in  Penfield, 
Greene  county,  Georgia,  May  24,  1850.  He  is  the  son 
of  Patrick  Hues  and  Lurene  Howard  Cooper  Mell. 
His  father  was  a  Baptist  minister  and  teacher;  from  1842  to 
1856  professor  of  ancient  languages  in  Mercer  university;  from 
1856  to  1878  professor  of  ethics  at  the  University  of  Georgia; 
and  from  1878  to  1888  chancellor  of  the  University  of  Georgia. 
He  was  a  colonel  in  the  Confederate  army,  and  president  for 
many  years  of  the  Southern  and  Georgia  Baptist  conventions. 
He  was  the  author  of  a  valuable  work  on  parliamentary  law, 
and  of  several  books  on  religious  subjects.  He  was  pastor  of 
several  churches,  serving  one  for  thirty  years,  and  his  section  of 
the  country  was  known  as  "Mell's  Kingdom."  He  received  the 
degrees  of  D.  D.  and  LL.  D.  He  was  a  powerful,  logical,  intel- 
ligent, and  profound  reasoner,  strong-willed,  yet  ever  gentle  and 
courteous,  possessing  great  self-control  and  personal  dignity;  a 
born  ruler  and  leader  of  men. 

Among  the  early  ancestors  in  America  should  be  noted  the 
following :  John  Mell,  who  emigrated  from  England  in  1677  and 
settled  near  Charleston,  South  Carolina;  Patrick  Hues,  an  Irish 
patriot,  who  was  exiled  from  Ireland  and  in  1772  settled  in  St. 
Matthew's  parish,  South  Carolina.  The  Summer,  Andrew  and 
Baker  families,  of  English  descent,  removed  from  Massachusetts 
to  Dorchester,  South  Carolina,  in  1696.  They  were  also  ancestors 
of  Patrick  H.  Mell.  Reverend  Wilson  Connor,  of  Irish  descent, 
born  in  1756  in  Marlboro  district,  South  Carolina,  was  the  great- 
grandfather of  Patrick  H.  Mell. 

In  childhood  and  youth  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  "just 
an  ordinary  boy;  healthy,  full  of  play  and  mischief."  He  was 
always  interested  in  mechanics  and  science,  possessing,  at  the 
same  time,  much  love  for  art  and  literature.  He  was  city  bred. 
His  boyhood  and  youth  fell  in  the  War  between  the  States  and 
Reconstruction  period.  At  this  time  all  Southern  youths  had  to 
work.  Doubtless  this  necessity  developed  in  the  boy  habits  of 
industry,  patience,  and  self-denial. 


PATRICK    HUES    MELL  255 

His  mother  was  a  woman  of  culture  and  Christian  character, 
and  her  influence  upon  him  was,  in  every  way,  for  good.  The 
precepts  and  example  of  his  father  have  also  proved  to  him 
through  life  an  inspiration.  He  was  prepared  for  college  by 
his  father.  In  1871  he  was  graduated  from  the  University  of 
Georgia  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  In  1873  he  received  from  the 
University  of  Georgia  the  degree  of  C.  E.  and  M.  E. ;  later  he 
received  from  the  same  institution  the  honorary  degree  of  Ph.D., 
while  the  South  Carolina  college  bestowed  upon  him  the  degree 
of  LL.  D. 

In  1873,  Doctor  Mell  assumed  the  duties  of  mining  engineer 
for  a  copper  mine  in  Georgia.  The  professional  work  of  Doctor 
Mell  has  been  in  the  geological,  botanical,  and  meteorological 
sciences.  From  1873,  when  he  commenced  his  professional  duties 
in  Georgia,  he  was  for  many  years  a  mining  engineer.  During 
1877-78  he  was  mining  expert  for  companies  in  Georgia,  North 
Carolina,  and  Alabama.  From  1874  to  1877  he  was  state  chemist 
of  Georgia ;  from  1878  to  1902  he  was  professor  of  natural  history 
and  geology  in  the  Alabama  Polytechnic  institute.  In  1887  he 
was  elected  botanist  to  the  Alabama  Experiment  station.  In  1880 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  American  Institute  of  Mining 
Engineers,  but  resigned  ten  years  later.  From  1884  to  1893  he 
was  director  of  the  Alabama  Weather  service;  and  from  1898  to 
1902  director  of  the  Alabama  Experiment  station.  In  1896  he 
was  made  chairman  of  the  section  on  botany  and  horticulture  of 
the  American  association  of  agricultural  colleges  and  experiment 
stations;  in  1898  he  was  elected  vice-president  of  this  body,  and 
also  director  of  the  Alabama  Experiment  station.  In  1902  he 
was  made  president  of  Clemson  Agricultural  college,  and  con- 
tinued as  director  of  the  experiment  station. 

Doctor  Mell  has,  from  time  to  time,  declined  important 
positions,  including  the  chairs  of  geology  in  two  leading  institu- 
tions in  neighboring  states  in  1890,  and  the  presidency  of  Mercer 
university  in  1893. 

For  several  years  Doctor  Mell  was  president  of  the  Baptist 
Young  People's  union  of  Alabama;  from  1899  to  1902  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Baptist  State  Mission  board. 

Doctor  Mell  is  a  voluminous  writer.  His  productions  include 
many  important  papers  published  in  scientific  journals,  in  the 
transactions  of  scientific  societies,  and  by  the  United  States 


256  PATRICK    HUES    MELL 

Department  of  Agriculture,  together  with  a  very  large  number 
of  experiment  station  reports  and  bulletins  on  agricultural  and 
kindred  subjects.  He  has  also  written  a  "Life  of  Patrick  Hues 
Mell,  State  Chancellor  of  the  University  of  Georgia"  (1895),  has 
revised  "Mell's  Parliamentary  Law"  (1902),  and  also  revised 
White's  "Gardening  for  the  South."  He  invented  the  present 
system  of  local  weather  signals.  This,  at  first,  was  known  as 
the  "Mell"  system,  and  later  as  the  "Alabama"  system.  It  is 
now  adopted  and  used  by  the  United  States  Weather  bureau. 

Doctor  Mell  is  a  member  of  the  Southern  Historical  society, 
the  South  Carolina  Historical  society,  the  Alabama  Historical 
society,  the  Kappa  Alpha  college  fraternity,  and  the  Sons  of 
Veterans.  He  is  a  fellow  of  the  American  Academy  for  the 
Advancement  of  Science,  and  of  the  Geological  Society  of  Amer- 
ica, and  a  member  of  the  National  Geographic  society,  and  of 
the  International  Congress  of  Geologists.  Doctor  Mell  is  also 
commander  of  the  Sons  of  Veterans  in  Alabama.  In  boyhood 
he  was  fond  of  outdoor  sports,  and  as  a  man  he  is  deeply  inter- 
ested in  athletics.  In  politics  he  has  always  been  a  Democrat; 
in  religion  he  is,  as  has  been  indicated,  a  Baptist. 

On  June  15,  1875,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Annie  Rebecca 
White. 

His  address  is  Clemson  College,  Oconee  county,  South  Caro- 
lina. 


VK'tl    t")-K 

TOBLIC  LIBRA?,' 


YILDKN 


.- —     ' 

^^^L 


/ 


ALLARD  MEMMINGER 

MEMMIXGER,  ALLARD,  M.  D.,  was  born  September 
30,  1854,  in  Charleston,  South  Carolina.  He  is  the 
son  of  Christopher  Gustavus  Memminger  and  Mary 
Wilkinson  Memminger.  His  father  was  a  lawyer  and  was  the 
first  secretary  of  the  treasury  of  the  Confederate  States  of 
America.  He  was  noted  for  lucidity  and  intenseness  in  expres- 
sion. Doctor  Memminger's  most  distinguished  ancestor  was  his 
paternal  grandfather,  Christopher  Godfrey  Memminger,  who  was 
an  officer  in  the  Austrian  army  which  fought  Napoleon  at  Wag- 
ram.  It  was  due  to  injuries  received  in  this  battle  that  he  finally 
died.  Allard  Memminger's  mother  was  descended  from  English 
ancestors,  and  his  grandfather  on  this  side  of  the  house  was  a 
physician. 

In  youth,  Allard  Memminger  was  rather  delicate.  He  was 
reared  in  city  and  country.  Manual  labor  was  not  demanded  of 
him;  he  was,  however,  required  to  apply  himself  closely  to  his 
books.  The  influence  of  his  mother  upon  his  character  was 
strong  in  every  way. 

Allard  Memminger  was  educated  at  a  private  school  for  boys 
taught  by  Doctor  Henry  M.  Brims,  in  Charleston.  From  this 
institution  he  went,  at  the  earliest  age  at  which  matriculation 
was  permitted,  to  the  University  of  Virginia.  Here  he  took  an 
academic  course  of  three  complete  sessions.  After  graduating, 
he  went  home,  but  afterward  returned  to  the  university  and  took 
a  special  course  in  the  department  of  chemistry.  He  was  grad- 
uated in  all  the  schools  of  chemistry,  and  then  returned  to  his 
native  city  and  began  business  as  an  analytical  chemist.  In  1878 
he  entered  the  Medical  College  of  the  State  of  South  Carolina 
as  a  student  of  medicine,  continuing  meanwhile  his  business  in 
analvtical  chemistry,  and  graduating  from  that  institution  in 

*-  »/   >  O  C3 

1880  as  a  doctor  of  medicine  and  surgery.  After  this  he  went 
abroad,  visiting  the  hospitals  in  Edinburgh,  London,  Paris,  and 
Vienna,  with  a  view  to  perfecting  himself  in  the  knowledge  of 
medicine  and  surgery.  With  the  same  object,  he  also  visited  the 
Pasteur  institute  in  Paris.  While  pursuing  the  profession  of  an 
analytical  chemist,  he  became  chemist  for  a  number  of  fertilizer 


260  ALLARD    MEMMINGER 

manufacturing  plants,  constructing  for  them,  in  many  instances, 
the  acid  chambers  required  in  the  factories.  He  conducted,  at 
the  same  time,  a  very  large  analytical  business,  and  was  appointed 
chemist  for  the  state  of  South  Carolina.  He  was  also  offered, 
but  declined,  a  like  position  in  the  state  of  North  Carolina. 

He  is  now  professor  of  chemistry,  hygiene  and  clinical, 
urinary  diagnosis  in  the  Medical  College  of  the  State  of  South 
Carolina;  professor  of  general  applied  chemistry  in  the  College 
of  Pharmacy  of  South  Carolina;  one  of  the  visiting  physicians 
in  the  city  hospital  of  Charleston;  member  or  ex-member  of 
state,  national  and  international  medical,  pharmaceutical,  scien- 
tific and  hygienic  societies;  and  corresponding  honorary  member 
of  the  Academie  Parisienne  Francaise  des  Iwoens.  He  has  been  a 
member  of  the  state  board  of  pharmaceutical  examiners  of  South 
Carolina  and  of  the  Charleston  city  board  of  health.  To  obtain 
hygienic  data  for  the  governments  of  the  United  States  and 
France,  he  made  an  examination  of  the  water  used  by  the  city  of 
Charleston,  a  laborious  and  highly  scientific  undertaking.  He  is 
an  honorary  member  of  the  Pharmaceutical  association  of  South 
Carolina.  He  is  author  of  "Diagnosis  by  the  Urine"  (second 
edition  published  in  1902)  ;  "Qualitative  Chemical  Analysis,"  a 
brief  work  (second  edition  issued  in  1904)  ;  and  "Science  in  the 
Field,"  a  brochure  published  by  the  News  and  Courier  Publishing 
company,  of  Charleston.  He  has  written  many  articles  of  scien- 
tific and  medical  interest  on  the  subjects  of  water,  climate,  and 
disease  of  the  kidneys;  these  articles  have  appeared  in  many  of 
the  leading  journals  of  this  country.  He  has  also  published  a 
special  article  on  "The  true  Function  of  a  State  Medical  Exam- 
ining Board,"  which  led  to  a  considerable  change  in  the  medical 
laws  of  South  Carolina.  The  law  now  in  force  was,  in  great 
measure,  drawn  from  this  original  article,  and  was  framed  by 
Doctor  S.  C.  Baker,  of  Sumter,  member  of  the  examining  board, 
and  Doctor  Allard  Memminger,  of  the  Medical  college. 

Doctor  Memminger  received  the  gold  medal  of  honor,  and 
a  diploma  of  honor  from  the  Academie  Parisienne  Francaise 
des  Iwoens,  for  an  account  of  original  research  on  the  use  of 
fluoride  of  calcium ;  and,  at  the  request  of  the  American  Medical 
association,  he  prepared  a  paper  on  the  use,  by  himself,  of  sodium 
chloride  in  Bright's  disease.  He  was  appointed  by  the  governor 
as  one  of  the  commission  in  the  famous  trial  of  Lavelle  for  wife 


ALLARD    MEMMINGER  261 

murder.  Lavelle,  it  will  be  recalled,  was  convicted  by  the  jury, 
but  was  afterwards  adjudged  of  unsound  mind  and  placed  in 
the  state  penitentiary.  In  this  case  Doctor  Memminger  wrote 
the  report  of  the  minority  of  the  commission.  He  is  the  origi- 
nator of  an  important  food  for  invalids,  which  has  been  highly 
recommended  by  distinguished  members  of  the  medical  profes- 
sion. He  is  also  the  originator  of  a  tablet  manufactured  by 
Parke,  Davis  &  Company,  under  the  name  of  "Salt  and  Iron 
Tablets  for  Anaemia."  He  is  now  occupied  in  experimenting 
with  a  new  compound  for  the  cure  of  anaemia  and  neurasthenia. 

Doctor  Memminger  was  for  years  a  member  of  several  of 
the  social  clubs,  including  the  St.  Cecilia  society,  the  Cotillion 
club  of  Charleston,  and  the  Charleston  club,  and  he  is  now  a 
member  of  the  new  Commercial  club  of  Charleston.  Although 
a  Democrat,  he  has  never  been  in  politics ;  he  has,  however,  been 
examined  as  an  expert  before  committees  of  the  state  senate  and 
house  of  representatives  of  South  Carolina,  and  before  the  United 
States  Naval  committee  at  Washington. 

Doctor  Memminger  has  never  been  married.  For  the 
advancement  of  social  well-being,  his  advice  is:  "Train  the  con- 
sciences of  men  and  women  in  the  highest  manner,  and  then 
there  will  be  less  need  for  so-called  laws,  which  can  always  be 
evaded." 

His  winter  address  is  34  Montague  street,  Charleston,  South 
Carolina ;  his  summer  address,  Richmond  Hill,  Flat  Rock,  North 
Carolina. 


vol.  i— a  o.— i* 


MARION  MOISE 

MOISE,  MAEION,  was  born  on  Sullivan's  Island, 
Charleston  county,  South  Carolina,  June  14,  1855.  He 
is  the  son  of  Edwin  Warren  Moise  and  Esther  Lyon, 
his  wife.  The  father,  a  prominent  lawyer,  held  the  position  of 
adjutant  and  inspector  general  of  South  Carolina  for  the  period 
1876-1880.  He  is  of  Jewish  descent.  Abraham  Moise,  a  native 
of  Alsace  (one  of  the  old  German  provinces  ceded  to  France  in 
1648),  emigrated  to  the  West  Indies  and  married  the  daughter 
of  a  prominent  Jewish  family  of  the  Island  of  Saint  Eustatius. 
Upon  the  memorable  insurrection  of  the  slaves  in  1791  he  fled 
to  Charleston,  South  Carolina.  His  son,  Abraham  Moise,  born 
in  1799,  married  Caroline,  granddaughter  of  Meyer  Moses,  and 
these  were  the  grandparents  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch. 

Marion  Moise  grew  up  a  healthy  and  active  youth,  with  a 
special  taste  for  hunting  and  fishing  and  but  little  love  for  study 
or  reading.  His  early  years  were  passed  in  the  town  of  Sumter, 
and  the  circumstances  of  his  father  being  prosperous,  the  son 
had  no  tasks  or  special  duties  assigned  him  as  a  boy,  and  he 
preferred  to  be  amused.  His  mother,  however,  was  an  excellent 
wife  and  parent  and  exercised  a  signal  influence  for  good  in  his 
intellectual  and  moral  life.  His  special  lines  of  reading  were  the 
Bible  and  Shakespeare,  and  later  the  legal  writers,  Blackstone 
and  Kent.  His  preparatory  studies  were  in  the  schools  of  Sumter. 
He  subsequently  attended  the  Virginia  Military  institute  at  Lex- 
ington, Virginia,  and  finally  was  a  student  for  a  few  months  in 
1872  of  South  Carolina  college.  Deciding  upon  the  profession 
of  law,  he  laid  the  foundation  for  his  career  as  a  clerk  in  the  law 
office  of  his  father,  in  Sumter,  South  Carolina,  and  the  sterling 
character  and  well-earned  success  of  the  parent  were  potent  in 
stimulating  the  son  to  exertion,  not  only  toward  efficiency  in  his 
profession,  but  in  other  lines  of  activity.  Commencing  the  prac- 
tice of  law,  he  married,  November  7,  1877,  Isabel  DeLeon,  whose 
family  name  has  been  distinguished  in  literature  and  the  arts. 
They  have  had  seven  children  born  to  them,  of  whom  five  are 
now  (1907)  living. 


MARION    MOISE  265 

« 

Mr.  Moise  has  filled  usefully  many  positions  of  trust  and 
honor.  He  served  as  state  senator  of  South  Carolina  from  1886 
to  1890,  and  also  as  intendant  of  the  town  of  Sumter,  for  two 
terms,  without  remuneration  of  any  kind.  He  became  president 
of  the  Sumter  Cotton  mills  after  the  enterprise  had  been  adjudged 
a  failure,  and  by  his  energetic  management  its  success  was 
assured.  He  has  served  as  vice-president  of  the  Bank  of  Sumter 
for  the  past  fifteen  years,  and  is  further  prominent  in  financial 
circles,  being  a  director  of  the  Sumter  Savings  bank,  and  in  many 
other  business  institutions.  He  has  also  served  as  a  member  of 
the  board  of  school  trustees  for  the  Sumter  graded  schools  for  the 
past  thirteen  years.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias, 
of  the  Knights  and  Ladies  of  Honor,  of  the  Masonic  fraternity, 
of  the  Euphradian  society,  and  of  a  number  of  other  organiza- 
tions. He  has  been  constantly  identified  with  the  Democratic 
party,  using  his  best  efforts  for  the  interests  and  prosperity  of 
his  state  and  country.  He  is  a  zealous  member  of  the  Jewish 
Congregation  Sinai.  His  relaxation  in  mature  years  has  con- 
tinued from  boyhood  in  hunting  and  fishing. 

His  precepts  for  success  in  life  for  ambitious  youth  are  to 
"adhere  to  the  simple  life  of  our  ancestors;  to  subdue  all  desire 
for  indulgence  beyond  one's  pecuniary  resources,  as  the  trend  is 
toward  habits  of  extravagance ;  to  act  uprightly  in  every  relation 
and  responsibility  of  life  without  ostentation  or  pretence;  to  be 
a  true  man  in  all  things  and  to  concentrate  all  one's  energies 
unflaggingly  upon  whatever  work  or  duty  is  undertaken,  but, 
lest  one  fall  by  the  wayside,  some  short  periods  of  relaxation 
should  be  taken  as  often  as  may  seem  requisite  to  the  maintenance 
of  health.  Be  ever  pure  in  thought,  sincere  in  utterance,  and 
urbane  in  manner  to  all,  in  whatever  sphere,  exalted  or  humble." 

His  address  is  17  Warren  street,  Sumter,  Sumter  county, 
South  Carolina. 


WILLIAM  JOSEPH  MONTGOMERY 

MONTGOMERY,  WILLIAM  JOSEPH,  twice  mayor 
of  Marion,  president  of  the  Merchants  and  Farmers 
bank,  and  president  of  the  Marion  Business  league, 
was  born  in  Marion  county,  South  Carolina,  May  20,  1851.  He 
is  the  son  of  Calvin  Montgomery,  a  farmer,  who  died  while  his 
son  was  a  child,  and  of  Desda  Anderson  Montgomery.  The 
family  are  descendants  of  a  Scotchman  who  came  to  this  country 
in  1735  and  settled  near  the  line  of  Virginia  and  North  Carolina. 

Until  he  was  eighteen  years  of  age,  William  J.  Montgomery 
lived  on  a  farm,  where  as  a  healthy  and  robust  young  man  fond 
of  books  and  sports  of  field  and  stream,  he  divided  his  time 
between  school  and  manual  labor  on  the  farm.  Like  many  of 
America's  leading  men,  he  worked  his  way  through  both  school 
and  college.  After  attending  several  preparatory  schools,  he 
took  a  literary  course  in  Wofford  college,  where  in  1875  he  was 
graduated  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  In  his  college  work  and  in 
after  life  he  has  been  a  great  reader,  especially  of  the  lives  of 
the  great  men  of  this  and  other  countries.  It  was  his  mother's 
wish  and  his  own  desire  that  he  become  a  member  of  the  legal 
profession.  In  1875  he  became  town  clerk  of  Marion,  and  while 
in  this  position  he  devoted  all  his  spare  time  to  the  study  of  law. 
In  1877  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  by  the  circuit  court  of  South 
Carolina,  and  immediately  commenced  practice.  He  has  been 
successful  as  an  attorney  and  also  as  a  banker  and  a  public  man. 

He  was  president  of  the  Merchants  and  Farmers  bank  from 
its  organization  until  it  liquidated  to  form  the  Farmers  and 
Merchants  bank,  of  which  he  is  also  president.  In  1882  he  was 
elected  a  member  of  the  house  of  representatives  of  South  Caro- 
lina, and  again  in  1899.  He  was  a  member  of  the  Constitutional 
convention  in  1895,  and  was  twice  elected  mayor  of  Marion.  He 
is  president  of  the  State  Bankers  association  and  of  the  Marion 
Business  league.  He  attends  the  Southern  Methodist  church. 
In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat  of  the  Grover  Cleveland  school. 
Hunting  and  fishing  are  his  favorite  forms  of  amusement.  In 
advising  young  men  how  to  succeed  in  life,  he  says:  "Strict 


WILLIAM    JOSEPH     MONTGOMERY  267 

integrity,  industry,  economy,  sobriety,  will  bring  success  in  any 
line  of  achievement." 

On  December  13,  1877,  Mr.  Montgomery  was  married  to 
Annie  Stackhouse,  daughter  of  Colonel  E.  T.  Stackhouse,  of 
Marion  county,  who  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  a  member  of 
congress.  Of  their  six  children,  five  are  now  (1907)  living. 

His  address  is  Marion,  Marion  county,  South  Carolina. 


JULIUS  ANDREW  MOOD 

MOOD,  JULIUS  ANDREW,  A.  B.,  M.  D.,  physician  and 
surgeon,  is  of  German  descent — that  thrifty  element 
which  has  contributed  so  largely  to  the  industrial 
peopling  of  the  United  States. 

His  emigrant  ancestor,  Peter  Mood,  from  Wurtemburg,  Ger- 
many, settled  in  1751  in  Pennsylvania,  the  primary  destination 
of  a  majority  of  the  emigrants  from  Germany,  Holland  and 
Switzerland,  whence  they  spread  to  Maryland,  the  Valley  of 
Virginia,  North  and  South  Carolina,  and  thence  permeated  the 
Southern  and  Western  states. 

In  religion  they  were  chiefly  of  the  Lutheran  church,  and  by 
vocation  farmers.  Depending  more  upon  themselves  than  upon 
others,  they  were  important  factors  in  the  building  of  this  great 
nation,  and  were  especially  prominent  in  the  development  of  its 
mechanical  and  mining  interests. 

The  son  of  the  emigrant,  Peter  Mood,  the  great-grandfather 
of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  born  in  Oxford,  Pennsylvania, 
in  May,  1766.  In  1798  he  removed  to  Charleston,  South  Caro- 
lina, where  he  followed  the  craft  of  silversmith  and  jeweler,  in 
which  vocation  he  was  succeeded  by  his  son  in  the  establishment 
on  King  street,  so  well  known.  The  last,  in  religion,  was  of  the 
Methodist  Episcopal  church,  in  which  two  of  his  sons  attained 
prominence  by  their  good  works.  Reverend  Francis  Asbury 
Mood,  D.  D.,  who,  being  thrown  upon  his  own  resources  at  the 
age  of  fourteen  years,  taught  a  school  for  colored  youth  to  acquire 
means  for  his  college  course.  He  graduated  from  Charleston 
college  in  1850,  and  joined  the  South  Carolina  conference  the 
same  year.  He  served  with  acceptance  on  circuits,  in  stations 
as  presiding  elder,  and  in  missionary  work  among  the  colored 
population;  was  appointed  chaplain  in  the  Confederate  States 
army,  and  assigned  to  duty  in  the  hospitals  in  Charleston  during 
the  War  between  the  States. 

Afterward,  having  made  a  tour  in  Europe,  he  entered  on  the 
presidency  of  Soule  university,  at  Chapel  Hill,  Texas.  Subse- 
quently, on  its  consolidation  with  several  Methodist  colleges  into 
the  Southern  university,  he  was  elected  regent  of  the  university 


LIBRARY 


/OONDAT; 


JULIUS    ANDREW    MOOD  271 

in  1873.  His  brother,  Reverend  Henry  McFarlane  Mood,  remov- 
ing to  Lenoir,  North  Carolina,  was  president  of  Davenport 
Female  college  there  1859-62,  and  of  Columbia  Female  college 
1862-65.  His  characteristics  were  zeal  and  unostentatious  devo- 
tion to  the  service  of  the  Lord,  and  a  uniform  consistency  in 
every  requirement  of  the  daily  walks  of  life. 

Julius  Andrew  Mood,  the  son  of  Reverend  Henry  McFarlane 
and  Laura  Clementine  Mood,  was  born  in  Lincolnton,  Lincoln 
county,  North  Carolina  (where  his  father  was  then  stationed), 
April  22,  1854.  His  health  was  delicate  in  childhood  and  youth, 
and  his  father,  like  the  majority  of  the  ministers  of  the  Methodist 
church,  was  always  in  moderate  circumstances. 

The  son  was  furnished  with  no  pocket  money  for  personal 
indulgences,  and  had  none  save  what  he  earned  himself.  His 
tastes  were,  fortunately,  for  reading,  with  a  decided  bias  for 
natural  history,  and  he  became  familiar,  while  a  mere  child,  with 
the  names  and  growth  of  plants  and  trees,  and  with  the  habits  of 
animals  and  birds.  His  desire  for  an  education  was  controlling, 
and,  with  the  determination  to  earn  the  means  requisite  thereto, 
he  entered  the  printing  establishment  of  Derry,  Cook  &  Perry, 
in  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  at  the  early  age  of  twelve  years, 
and  continued  a  type-setter  until  he  had  earned  enough  to  pay 
his  expenses  at  college  for  a  year. 

He  was  prepared  for  college  by  ex-Judge  W.  C.  Benet,  at 
Cokesbury  academy,  and  was  graduated  from  Wofford  college  in 
1875,  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  His  preference  was  for  the 
medical  profession,  and  he  entered  the  Medical  College  of  South 
Carolina,  from  which  he  was  graduated  M.  D.  in  1879.  He 
subsequently  took  a  post-graduate  course  in  the  Medical  College 
of  New  York,  1895-97.  While  in  active  and  successful  practice 
of  his  profession  he  established,  in  1895,  at  Sumter,  South  Caro- 
lina, a  private  hospital  for  surgical  work,  in  which  successful 
operations  on  patients  from  every  part  of  the  state  have  been  per- 
formed. Nor  are  these  services  of  Dr.  Mood  less  to  be  regarded 
than  the  performance  of  other  duties  to  which  he  felt  himself 
impelled.  He  served  as  a  warden  of  the  town  of  Sumter;  was 
its  first  mayor  when  it  was  chartered  as  a  city;  president  of  the 
board  of  health ;  chairman  of  the  board  of  school  commissioners, 
and  also  served  as  surgeon,  with  the  rank  of  major,  in  the  First 


272  JULIUS   ANDREW    MOOD 

South  Carolina  regiment  of  infantry  in  the  Spanish- American 
war. 

Doctor  Mood  has  been  twice  married:  first,  on  January  13, 
1876,  to  Alma  Archer,  of  Spartanburg,  South  Carolina,  who  died 
March  22,  1882.  He  married  again,  March  12,  1883.  His  second 
wife  survives.  He  has  living  five  children,  four  by  the  first 
marriage  and  one  by  the  last.  Doctor  Mood  is  a  Democrat  and 
a  consistent  states  rights  man.  Of  a  distinguished  Methodist 
family,  he  naturally  clings  to  membership  in  that  church.  He 
is  a  member  of  two  fraternal  bodies,  the  Elks  and  the  A.  F.  &  A. 
Masons,  and  has  served  as  master  of  Claremont  lodge,  No.  64, 
Sumter,  South  Carolina. 

He  seeks  relaxation  in  quail  shooting,  being  a  keen  sports- 
man, and  finds  riding  in  an  automobile  helpful  to  him  in  his 
active  duties  of  life. 

His  address  is  24  South  Washington  street,  Sumter,  Sumter 
county,  South  Carolina. 


— 


/U3L1C  LIBRARY 


JAMES  WASHINGTON  MOORE 

MOORE,  JAMES  WASHINGTON,  of  Hampton,  South 
Carolina,  attorney  and  counsellor  for  several  railroads, 
for  twenty-five  years  legal  adviser  and  counsel  for  the 
county  of  Hampton,  ex-member  of  the  house  of  representatives 
of  South  Carolina,  and  for  sixteen  consecutive  years,  1878  to  1894, 
state  senator,  representing  Hampton  county,  was  born  February 
25,  1837,  in  Coosawhatchie,  Beaufort  county,  South  Carolina. 
His  father,  John  Moore,  wras  a  merchant  of  marked  integrity  of 
character,  good  judgment,  a  high  sense  of  justice,  yet  of  genial 
and  kindly  nature,  who  held  the  appointment  of  postmaster,  but 
declined  all  elective  offices.  His  mother,  whose  maiden  name 
was  Sabrina  Woodbury  Beard,  he  speaks  of  as  "a  woman  of  the 
finest  attributes,  both  mentally  and  morally ;  whose  character  and 
example  had  a  most  important  effect  in  forming  her  son's  ideals 
and  habits  of  life." 

His  family  has  been  distinguished  in  our  colonial  history; 
and  nothing  proves  more  conclusively  our  common  American  life, 
North  and  South,  than  does  the  tracing  of  the  career  of  descend- 
ants of  immigrants  of  sterling  character,  as  their  children, 
dividing,  settled,  some  in  the  North  and  some  in  the  South, 
becoming  colonial  patriots  in  Massachusetts  and  in  South  Caro- 
lina, their  descendants  coming  to  be  leaders  of  their  respective 
states  in  lines  of  development  which  differed  widely,  but  in  which 
these  kinspeople,  South  and  North,  held  to  the  same  lofty  ideals 
of  duty  which  had  animated  their  common  ancestors. 

The  earliest  known  ancestor  of  Mr.  Moore  in  America  was 
a  son  of  that  John  Moore  of  Clan  McDonald,  who  was  killed  in 
the  infamous  Glencoe  massacre.  His  children  escaped — first  to 
Ireland,  and  then  in  1718  came  to  Londonderry,  New  Hampshire, 
removing  in  1751  to  Peterboro.  New  Hampshire.  Of  their 
descendants,  and  ancestors  or  kinsmen  of  J.  W.  Moore,  were 
Samuel  Moore,  representative  in  the  fifth  Provincial  congress  in 
1775,  whose  son,  Samuel  Moore,  Jr.,  fought  at  Lexington;  John 
Moore,  who  was  also  engaged  in  the  battle  of  Lexington ;  Colonel 
Andrew  Todd,  of  colonial  days ;  and  Honorable  Levi  Woodbury, 


276  JAMES    WASHINGTON    MOORE 

secretary  of  the  United  States  treasury  and  justice  of  the  United 
States  supreme  court. 

Mr.  Moore's  early  life  was  passed  in  the  villages  of  Coosaw- 
hatchie  and  Gillisonville,  which  were  successively  the  county- 
seats  of  Beaufort  county.  While  he  was  a  strong,  robust  boy, 
and  very  fond  of  field  sports  and  athletics,  he  was  still  keenly 
interested  in  studying  and  reading  instructive  books.  He  had  no 
tasks  involving  manual  labor;  his  time  was  passed  in  attending 
school,  and  field  sports. 

While  his  parents  directed  his  studies  and  reading  at  home, 
he  attended  the  Beaufort  District  academy  at  Gillisonville  for 
his  preparatory  work  for  college;  and  in  1856  he  was  graduated 
with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  from  the  University  of  Georgia,  receiv- 
ing in  1859  the  degree  of  A.  M.  from  the  same  university. 

Admitted  to  the  bar,  he  began  the  practice  of  the  law  at 
Gillisonville  in  January,  1859.  His  life  has  been  spent  in  the 
practice  of  his  profession  and  in  the  service  of  his  state  and 
county  as  a  legislator,  except  the  four  years  of  the  War  between 
the  States. 

In  1861  he  enlisted  in  the  Hampton  legion  as  first  ser- 
geant of  the  Beaufort  District  troop.  In  1862  he  was  elected 
second  lieutenant  of  Company  C,  and  the  same  day  was  appointed 
adjutant  of  the  cavalry  of  the  legion,  afterwards  known  as  the 
Second  South  Carolina  cavalry.  He  took  part  in  all  the  impor- 
tant engagements  in  which  the  legion  had  a  share,  and  at  Brandy 
Station  he  received  a  severe  wound,  by  which  he  was  disabled 
for  two  months;  but  he  returned  to  the  regiment  and  remained 
with  it  until  the  close  of  the  war. 

On  May  13,  1868,  he  was  married  to  Cornelia  Elizabeth 
Tillinghast,  daughter  of  Honorable  R.  L.  Tillinghast,  a  lawyer 
of  repute,  and  state  senator.  They  have  had  three  children,  and 
two  of  them,  daughters,  are  living  in  1907. 

In  his  professional  work,  Mr.  Moore  rapidly  won  clients. 
He  was  counsel  for  Hampton  county  for  twenty-five  years.  He 
has  long  been  the  local  counsel  for  the  Southern  railway,  for  the 
Seaboard  Air  Line  Railway  company,  and  for  the  Charleston  and 
Western  Carolina  Railway  company. 

He  has  always  been  a  loyal  member  of  the  Democratic  party, 
In  1876  he  conducted  the  campaign  in  Beaufort  county  as  chair- 
man, and  was  very  influential  in  the  creation  of  Hampton  county. 


JAMES    WASHINGTON    MOORE  277 

He  was  chairman  of  the  State  Democratic  committee  in  the  cam- 
paigns of  1886  and  1888.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  National 
Democratic  convention,  in  Chicago,  when  Cleveland  was  first 
nominated  for  the  presidency. 

The  people  of  his  town  and  county  have  often  honored  him 
by  election  to  offices,  where  they  wished  his  services  for  the 
commonwealth.  He  has  served  as  commissioner  of  the  poor,  as 
commissioner  of  public  buildings,  as  magistrate,  and  in  1866, 
immediately  after  the  war,  as  member  of  the  South  Carolina 
house  of  representatives.  In  1878  he  was  elected  state  senator  to 
represent  Hampton  county;  and,  reflected  three  times,  he  served 
for  sixteen  years  consecutively  until  1894.  In  1900  he  was  again 
elected  to  the  senate  to  fill  out  the  unexpired  term  of  a  senator 
who  died  in  1900. 

Senator  Moore  has  also  served  as  brigadier-general  and  later 
as  major-general  of  the  state  militia,  and  as  chairman  of  the 
military  committee  of  the  senate;  he  also  was  a  state  delegate  to 
the  Yorktown  centennial.  He  is  a  Knight  of  Honor,  and  has 
been  grand  dictator  of  that  order.  His  church  relations  are  with 
the  Presbyterian  Church,  South. 

He  has  always  felt,  and  has  often  said,  that  the  early  influ- 
ences of  his  home  have  contributed  more  than  any  and  all  other 
causes  to  such  success  in  life  as  he  may  have  won.  "The  feeling 
of  obligation  and  desire  to  strive  for  the  truly  best  to  be  obtained, 
there  ingrafted,  has  accompanied  me  through  life." 

For  the  young  he  writes:  "I  can  only  give  my  one  rule  in 
life:  Be  faithful,  honest  and  truthful  in  the  discharge  of  all 
duties.  Work  steadily  for  what  you  are  trying  to  achieve,  and 
expect  nothing  without  laboring  for  it." 

His  address  is  Hampton,  Hampton  county,  South  Carolina. 


WILLIAM  DOYLE  MORGAN 

MOKGAN,  WILLIAM  DOYLE,  financier,  banker,  presi- 
dent of  the  Bank  of  Georgetown,  South  Carolina,  was 
born  in  New  York  city  on  February  5,  1853,  son  of 
John  and  Mary  Morgan.  His  parents  were  natives  of  Ireland, 
met  and  were  married  in  New  York  city,  and  shortly  thereafter 
went  South  and  settled  in  Georgetown,  South  Carolina. 

At  the  time  of  their  advent  in  Georgetown  the  subject  of 
this  sketch  was  an  infant  two  or  three  months  of  age,  and  subse- 
quently three  daughters  were  born  to  them,  making  a  family  of 
four  children.  When  the  War  between  the  States  broke  out  he 
was  only  eight  years  old,  and  the  continuance  of  that  conflict 
prevented  his  receiving  the  advantages  of  a  liberal  education. 
This  deprivation  of  educational  opportunities  was  in  part  offset 
by  attending  private  schools  for  short  periods  and  by  private 
instruction  at  home  under  his  father,  who  was  a  highly  educated 
man,  was  physically  exempt  from  active  war  duties  on  account 
of  lameness,  and  was  peculiarly  gifted  in  the  art  of  imparting 
what  he  knew. 

The  father's  property  interests  were  swept  away  by  the  war. 
At  its  close  he  renewed  his  efforts  to  again  establish  himself  in 
merchandising,  but  before  he  had  opportunity  to  accumulate 
anything  he  died,  in  1866,  leaving  a  widow  and  four  dependent 
children,  one  an  infant.  These  circumstances  suddenly  placed  a 
heavy  burden  of  responsibility  on  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  and 
compelled  him  to  take  up  the  real  battle  of  life  at  an  unusually 
early  age  and  with  very  inadequate  preparation  save  that  of  good 
health  and  a  stout  heart.  His  mother  filled  his  young  life  with 
high  ideals  and  abundant  encouragement.  He  read  and  studied 
in  his  spare  moments  and  at  night,  and  applied  his  working  hours 
to  the  task  of  supporting  the  home  and  family.  His  efforts 
inspired  confidence,  and  in  the  course  of  time  this  confidence 
served  as  an  important  capital. 

Through  persistent  effort,  and  a  natural  fondness  for  the 
subject,  he  learned  accounting,  and,  in  1869,  obtained  a  position 
in  a  drug  store  to  take  charge  of  the  books,  where  he  incidentally 
learned  something  about  the  drug  business.  The  druggist  being 


A 


f7S  fcrt 


WILLIAM    DOYLE    MORGAN  281 

postmaster  at  that  time,  he  also  performed  the  duties  of  assistant 
postmaster.  For  more  than  two  decades  thereafter  he  occupied 
responsible  positions  as  bookkeeper  and  accountant  for  the  largest 
business  houses  of  Georgetown,  and  in  April,  1891,  was  elected 
president  of  the  Bank  of  Georgetown.  This  position  he  has  filled 
with  signal  ability  from  that  time  until  the  present  (1907),  and 
has  also  been  an  active  figure  in  a  number  of  other  financial, 
municipal  and  public  enterprises.  He  was  chief  of  the  fire 
department  of  Georgetown  for  several  years;  mayor  of  the  city 
for  fifteen  years  consecutively ;  president  of  several  local  building 
and  loan  associations ;  and  director  in  various  business  and  other 
organizations.  He  took  an  active  part  in  securing  the  charter 
and  promoting  the  Georgetown  and  Lanes  railroad — the  first  rail- 
road to  be  built  to  Georgetown — and  took  great  interest  and 
devoted  much  time  and  energy  to  securing  appropriations  for  the 
construction  of  jetties  at  Georgetown  and  otherwise  improving 
its  harbor  and  waterways.  In  1903  he  was  unanimously  elected 
treasurer  of  the  League  of  American  Municipalities,  serving  three 
consecutive  terms  without  opposition  and  resigning  at  the  meeting 
of  1906  at  Chicago.  In  recognition  of  his  services  as  mayor, 
and  his  efforts  for  the  improvement  of  Georgetown  harbor,  the 
citizens  of  the  city,  in  May,  1905,  presented  him  with  an  elaborate 
and  handsome  punch  bowl. 

At  the  annual  meeting  of  the  South  Carolina  Bankers 
association,  held  at  the  Isle  of  Palms,  near  Charleston,  South 
Carolina,  in  1907,  Mr.  Morgan  was  elected  president  of  the  asso- 
ciation. He  is  a  member  of  the  Palmetto  club,  and,  as  its  first 
president,  received  President  Cleveland  during  the  visit  of  the 
chief  magistrate  to  Georgetown,  in  1894.  He  is  also  a  member 
of  the  Winyah  Indigo  society,  and  the  Elks,  and  president  of  the 
Georgetown  chamber  of  commerce.  In  politics  he  is  a  consistent 
Democrat,  and  in  religion  he  is  a  member  of  the  Roman  Catholic 
church. 

Whatever  honors  have  come  to  Mr.  Morgan  have  come 
unsought,  and  have  been  the  result  of  a  well-founded  confidence 
in  his  integrity  and  ability.  The  foundation  of  this  confidence  he 
affectionately  attributes,  in  large  measure,  to  his  mother's  advice 
and  inspiration,  supplemented  by  contact,  when  a  very  young 
man,  with  the  elderly  representative  men  of  his  city.  "I  would 
suggest,"  he  replied,  in  answer  to  a  question  on  true  success  in 


282  WILLIAM   DOYLE   MORGAN 

life,  "to  all  young  men  that  they  cultivate  high  ideals  of  life  and 
conduct;  to  value  character  and  honor  above  dollars  and  cents; 
to  avoid  bad  company  and  bad  habits.  Never  make  light  of 
serious  things.  Respect  your  elders  and  court  their  friendship. 
Seek  their  advice,  for  their  experience  will  be  valuable.  Honor 
your  father  and  mother.  Lead  honest,  temperate,  pure  lives,  and 
you  will  have  the  confidence  and  respect  of  your  fellow-citizens 
and  business  associates.  Do  your  full  duty  at  all  times."  This 
concise  and  wise  homily,  it  is  needless  to  add,  has  been  the 
proven  philosophy  of  a  life  full  of  good  works  and  conscientious 
endeavor. 

Mr.  Morgan  is  unmarried. 

His  address  is  Georgetown,  South  Carolina. 


£  f- 


HOPE  HULL  NEWTON 

NEWTON,  HOPE  HULL,  of  Bennettsville,  South  Caro- 
lina, lawyer,  six  years  solicitor  of  the  fourth  circuit, 
ex-member  of  the  legislature,  was  born  on  February 
16,  1845,  in  the  county  in  which  he  still  resides.  His  father, 
Cornelius  Newton,  a  planter  and  a  local  preacher  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  South,  was  a  man  of  great  energy  of  mind  and 
body,  supremely  devoted  to  duty,  self-denying  and  benevolent, 
generous  in  gifts  of  time  and  money  to  the  service  of  others, 
humane  to  his  slaves,  and  an  ardent  lover  and  student  of  books  to 
the  year  of  his  death  at  the  age  of  eighty- one.  His  mother,  Mrs. 
Dorcas  (Purnell)  Newton,  was  a  devout  woman  and  a  devoted 
mother,  stimulating  her  son  in  his  studies  and  molding  his  char- 
acter by  her  example  and  her  words.  Mr.  Newton's  ancestors  in 
direct  line  came  from  England  to  Virginia  early  in  the  eighteenth 
century.  His  great-grandfather,  Giles  Newton,  came  from  Hen- 
rico  county,  Virginia,  and  settled  before  the  revolution  in  what 
is  now  Marlboro  county,  South  Carolina.  His  son,  Younger 
Newton,  grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  served  both  in 
the  Revolutionary  War  and  in  the  War  of  1812. 

Healthy  and  strong  in  his  boyhood,  which  was  passed  in  the 
country,  Hope  Hull  Newton  early  learned  to  work  upon  the  farm. 
He  said:  "My  father  compelled  me  to  work  at  intervals  along 
with  the  slaves  on  the  farm.  It  was  not  a  necessity  in  the  family 
economy,  but  my  father  regarded  it  as  a  necessary  part  of  my 
training  for  life;  and  I  was  thus  taught  how  farm  work  should 
be  done,  and,  at  the  same  time,  I  developed  a  fine  physique." 
Learning  to  read  and  write  at  five,  he  began  the  study  of  Latin 
at  ten,  and  Greek  at  twelve.  Books  were  his  great  delight  in 
childhood;  and  besides  the  classics,  which  he  early  learned  to 
enjoy,  he  read  with  avidity  the  theological  books  which  were  to 
be  found  in  his  father's  library — the  works  of  Dick,  Wesley,  and 
other  noted  writers. 

He  was  prepared  for  college  at  the  Palmetto  academy,  near 
his  native  place;  and,  after  four  years  at  Wofford  college,  he 
was  graduated  A.  B.  in  1869,  receiving  his  Master's  degree  two 
years  later. 


286  HOPE   HULL   NEWTON 

Before  he  entered  college  the  War  between  the  States  had 
made  its  appeal  to  the  young  men  of  his  state.  When  but  sixteen 
years  old,  in  January,  1862,  he  enlisted  in  Company  E  of  the 
Fourth  regiment  of  South  Carolina  cavalry ;  and  he  served  until 
May  28,  1864,  when  he  was  badly  wounded  at  Haw's  Shop.  The 
war  destroyed  his  father's  estate ;  and  Mr.  Newton  met  and  man- 
fully overcame  serious  difficulties  in  securing  the  means  with 
which  to  complete  his  preparation  and  take  a  college  course. 

After  graduation  in  1869  he  taught  school  (at  the  same  time 
studying  law)  until  July  4,  1870,  when  he  removed  to  Bennetts- 
ville,  where  he  has  since  resided,  and  on  September  19,  1870,  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar.  His  first  strong  impulse  to  strive  for 
the  prizes  of  life,  he  writes,  "I  owe  to  the  encouragement  of  my 
father  in  holding  up  high  ideals  for  my  admiration  and  imita- 
tion." Home  influence  first,  then  school  rivalries,  and  finally  the 
contests  and  rivalries  of  his  professional  career,  have  been  his 
strongest  incentives  to  effort,  and  he  estimates  their  relative 
influence  in  the  order  in  which  they  are  named. 

In  January,  1883,  Governor  Thompson  appointed  him  solici- 
tor for  the  fourth  circuit,  to  fill  an  unexpired  term.  In  1884  he 
was  unanimously  nominated  for  the  full  term,  in  which  he  served 
his  state  acceptably  for  four  years  more.  He  was  elected  member 
of  the  house  of  representatives  of  South  Carolina,  for  Marlboro 
county,  for  the  sessions  of  1880  and  1881.  He  secured  the  passage 
of  the  stock  law  for  his  county  in  1880,  and  in  1881  the  Marlboro 
act,  thus  secured  by  him,  was  adopted  for  the  whole  state,  save 
a  few  small  excepted  portions.  He  was  also  active  in  legislation 
affecting  railroads;  and  he  was  a  member  of  the  committee  of 
the  house  which  sat  during  recess  and  suggested  needed  railroad 
legislation  for  the  session  of  1881.  He  advocated  railroad  com- 
missioners with  plenary  power  to  compel  railroads  to  comply 
with  their  regulations;  but  "plenary  power"  was  not  given  them. 

He  has  had  extensive  business  experiences,  especially  in 
manufacturing,  banking,  and  farming.  His  earnest  efforts  to 
improve  agricultural  conditions  by  inducing  farmers  to  abandon 
the  old  system  of  exclusive  cotton  culture  and  diversify  their 
operations  by  raising  live  stock,  and  growing  grains  and  fruits, 
while  keeping  a  limited  area  for  cotton,  has  been  productive  of 
great  good.  His  own  farm  shows  the  benefits  of  the  course  which 
he  advises  others  to  pursue.  He  built  the  first  cotton  oil  mill 


HOPE    HULL    NEWTON  287 

erected  in  his  county,  managed  it  for  a  time,  but  at  length 
resigned  his  position  as  president  of  the  company  because  he  was 
overworked.  He  has  been  a  director  in  several  banks  and  is  now 
(1907)  president  of  the  Union  Savings  bank,  of  Bennettsville,  a 
young  and  prosperous  institution. 

Mr.  Newton  has  been  for  years  a  member  of  the  Marlboro 
county  board  of  education ;  and  he  has  shown  a  deep  and  intelli- 
gent interest  in  all  that  looks  to  the  improvement  of  the  educa- 
tional system  and  the  school  work  of  his  county  and  of  the  state. 
The  veterans  of  the  War  between  the  States  have  had  in  him  an 
earnest  advocate  of  all  measures  for  their  relief  and  for  the  care 
of  their  dependent  families. 

A  Democrat,  Mr.  Newton  was  a  member  of  the  straight-out 
Democratic  convention  of  August  15,  1876.  He  has  repeatedly 
served  as  chairman  of  the  county  Democratic  conventions  of 
Marlboro  county. 

Identified  with  the  Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  South,  he  was 
a  lay  delegate  to  its  general  conference  at  Nashville,  Tennessee, 
in  1882,  and  again  to  the  conference  at  Memphis,  Tennessee,  in 
1894. 

He  has  been  three  times  married.  In  1872  he  married 
Martha  Johnson,  daughter  of  A.  G.  Johnson,  Esquire,  of  Ben- 
nettsville; and  their  son,  H.  H.  Newton,  Jr.,  is  now  living.  His 
second  marriage  was  to  Mary  E.  McRae,  daughter  of  John  A. 
McRae,  Esquire,  of  Bennettsville.  Of  their  three  daughters,  two 
are  still  living.  He  was  married  to  Kate  McCall  Monroe,  in 
1888,  and  of  their  six  children,  five  are  living  in  1907. 

Mr.  Newton  has  found  his  favorite  relaxation  and  exercise 
in  horticulture,  and  especially  in  viticulture,  of  which  he  has 
made  a  scientific  study. 

The  suggestion  which  he  offers  to  the  young  people  of  South 
Carolina  is  deserving  of  especial  attention,  because  one  seldom 
hears  such  a  caution  to  the  young  from  a  man  whose  own  pro- 
fessional career  has  given  evidence  of  so  much  hard  work.  He 
writes:  "I  have  failed  lamentably  to  accomplish  the  good  I  had 
hoped  to  do  in  life;  and  because  of  too  much  of  slavish  devotion 
to  my  office  and  my  secular  engagements.  If  I  had  my  life  to 
live  over  again,  I  would  do  less  professional  work  and  would  seek 
more  the  companionship  of  others,  to  receive  and  to  try  to  do 
good.  For  many  years  I  thought  that  life  meant  merely  work, 

VoL   I— S.    C.— 14 


288  HOPE    HULL    NEWTON 

work,  work !  But  life  means  rational  devotion  to  professional 
work,  with  ample  time  reserved  daily  for  recreation,  and  specific 
good  works — for  reading  good  books,  meditation,  prayer,  and  for 
human-hearted  association  with  others  and  particularly  with  one's 
family.  'Our  young  people  should  not  overwork  themselves,  and 
should  not  be  overworked  by  their  employers.' 
His  address  is  Bennettsville,  South  Carolina. 


ALLAN  NICHOLSON 

NICHOLSON,  ALLAN,  journalist,  was  born  in  Union, 
Union  county,  South  Carolina,  August  1,  1875.     His 
parents  were  William  A.  and  Rebecca  E.  Nicholson. 
His  father,  who  came  from  Scotland  in  1857,  was  a  banker,  a 
man  of  firmness,  fearlessness,  and  strict  integrity,  whose  high 
character  and  influence  caused  him  to  be  chosen  a  member  of 
the  Constitutional  convention  in  1895.      The  mother  of  Allan 
Nicholson  is  a  woman  of  fine  qualities  of  mind  and  heart,  and 
has  exerted  a  powerful  and  an  enduring  influence  for  good  upon 
her  son. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  has  had  many  difficulties  to  over- 
come in  the  struggle  for  success.  From  his  birth  he  has  been 
heavily  handicapped,  which  necessitated  the  attendance  of  a  body 
servant  whenever  he  wanted  to  move  about.  In  childhood  and 
youth  he  was  fond  of  books.  He  also  enjoyed  being  in  the  open 
air  and  spent  a  considerable  part  of  the  time  that  could  be  spared 
from  study  in  riding  and  driving,  which,  with  attendance  at 
baseball  games,  are  still  his  favorite  diversions.  His  physical 
disability  prevented  his  attendance  at  a  school  of  any  kind,  but 
his  mother,  who  was  well  qualified  for  the  task,  superintended 
his  reading  and  study,  and,  with  her  assistance,  he  obtained  an 
excellent  working  education. 

The  active  work  of  life  was  commenced,  when  he  was  only 
twenty  years  of  age,  as  a  partner  in  the  firm  of  Smith  &  Nich- 
olson, booksellers.  In  the  following  spring  he  purchased  the 
interest  of  his  partner  and  continued  the  business  in  his  own 
name.  About  a  year  later  he  added  a  printing  plant,  which  soon 
grew  to  such  proportions  that  its  patronage  extended  beyond  the 
bounds  of  the  state.  In  February,  1900,  he  became  publisher 
of  a  newspaper  known  as  "Progress,"  and  six  months  later,  on 
account  of  circumstances  which  had  not  been  foreseen,  he  became 
the  editor  and  the  sole  owner  of  the  paper.  From  early  years  he 
had  felt  a  strong  inclination  for  literary  and  journalistic  work, 
and  his  connection  with  the  paper  has  enabled  him  to  develop 
his  talents  in  these  directions.  It  is  fortunate  for  the  community 
that  in  the  position  which  is  occupied  by  Mr.  Nicholson  it  has  a 


290  ALLAN    NICHOLSON 

man  of  lofty  ideals  and  the  highest  principles,  who  consecrates 
his  talents  to  the  upbuilding  of  his  town  and  state,  not  only  in 
what  pertains  to  material  prosperity,  but  also  in  all  that  makes 
for  the  social,  moral,  and  religious  uplifting  of  the  people. 

In  politics  Mr.  Nicholson  is  a  Democrat.  His  religious  affili- 
ation is  with  the  Presbyterian  church,  and  for  many  years  he  has 
been  an  active  worker  in  the  religious  field.  For  eight  years  he 
was  the  secretary  and  treasurer  of  the  South  Carolina  Christian 
Endeavor  union,  and  from  1900  to  1904  he  was  superintendent 
of  the  Sunday  school  at  the  Excelsior  Knitting  mills.  In  1897 
he  was  elected  deacon  of  the  First  Presbyterian  church  in  Union, 

In  addition  to  his  literary  work  on  his  paper,  Mr.  Nicholson 
is  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  secular  and  religious  press  of  the 
South  and  the  North. 

His  manners  and  cheerful  disposition  have  caused  him  to  be 
admired  and  beloved  by  a  large  circle  of  friends,  and  his  genial 
humor,  quick  wit  and  kindly  consideration  for  others,  make  him 
a  welcome  member  of  any  group  of  his  acquaintances.  In  the 
opinion  of  many  of  his  friends  he  is,  so  far  as  Union  is  concerned, 
entitled  to  be  described  by  the  words  used  by  President  Roosevelt 
in  speaking  of  his  friend,  Jacob  Riis,  "useful  man  Number  One." 
Mr.  Nicholson  believes,  and  he  puts  this  belief  into  practice,  that 
work  should  be  faithfully  performed  not  merely  for  the  accumu- 
lation of  wealth,  but  in  order  that  the  worker  and  the  world  in 
which  he  works  may  be  made  better  thereby. 

The  postoffice  address  of  Mr.  Nicholson  is  Union,  Union 
county,  South  Carolina. 


PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


; 


JAMES  CORNELIUS  OTTS 

OTTS,  JAMES  COKNELIUS,  a  prominent  and  rising 
young  lawyer  and  politician,  of  Gaffney,  South  Carolina, 
was  born  in  Pinckney  township,  Union  county,  in  the 
same  state,  June  27,  1869.     His  father  was  James  Dabney  Otts, 
a  teacher  by  profession,  who  served  the  Confederacy  as  a  soldier 
under  Robert  E.  Lee.     His  health  was  shattered  by  the  hardships 
he  underwent  while  in  the  army,  and  he  died  of  consumption,  in 
Florida,  in  1875.     His  mother  was  Ellen  Gault,  and  her  paternal 
grandfather,  who  came  from  Ireland,  was  a  soldier  of  the  Revo- 
lution and  was  captured  by  the  British  at  the  battle  of  Camden. 
Her  father  was  a  local  Methodist  preacher,  noted  for  his  piety. 
Her  grandmother  was  a  member  of  the  Page  family,  of  Virginia. 
His  father's  brother,  Reverend  J.  M.  P.  Otts,  D.  D.,  was  a  noted 
Presbyterian  preacher,  who  filled  important  pulpits  in  Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania,  and  Wilmington,  Delaware,  and  was  the 
author  of  several  books,  mostly  on  travel  and  religious  subjects. 
Like  many  other  young  men  of  the  South  who  were  brought 
up  in  the  period  following  the  great  War  between  the  States, 
James  C.  Otts  had  to  contend  during  his  childhood  and  early 
youth  with  poverty  and  privation.      The  death  of  his  father, 
which  occurred  when  he  was  a  child  six  years  of  age,  leaving 
his  mother  practically  nothing,  necessitated  the  removal  of  the 
family,  which  now   consisted  of  his  mother,  himself  and  two 
younger  brothers,  one  of  them  a  mere  baby,  to  a  small  farm  in 
Union  county  owned  by  his  mother's  father.     On  this  farm  his 
time  was  spent,  until  at  an  early  age,  by  reason  of  the  responsi- 
bilities placed  upon  him  by  circumstances,  his  boyhood  merged 
into  manhood.     As  a  boy  he  was  blessed  with  a  strong  physique, 
which  was  developed  by  outdoor  life  and  labor  on  the  farm,  the 
management  of  which  soon  devolved  upon  him,  and,  aided  by 
his  brothers  and  a  hired  hand,  he  succeeded  in  making  the  farm 
provide  a  living  for  himself  and  the  other  members  of  the  family. 
In  the  circumstances,  his  opportunities  for  securing  an  edu- 
cation were  necessarily  very  limited,  but  at  an  early  age  he 
developed  a  fondness  for  reading,  which  fortunately  was  nurtured 
upon  such  books  as  Scott's  Novels  and  Franklin's  Autobiography. 


294  JAMES    CORNELIUS   OTTS 

This  kind  of  reading,  together  with  studies  in  American  history 
and  such  schooling  as  he  was  able  to  obtain  at  the  common  schools 
of  his  county,  during  the  brief  periods  when  he  was  able  to 
attend  school  at  all,  furnished  him  with  a  fair  groundwork  of  an 
education.  To  this  he  added  private  study,  which  gave  him  a 
cultured  and  well-stored  mind.  His  inability  to  obtain  a  colle- 
giate education  was  the  bitterest  disappointment  of  his  life,  but 
notwithstanding  this  disadvantage,  he  persisted  in  carrying  out 
his  youthful  purpose  to  become  a  lawyer.  By  reading  Blackstone 
and  other  legal  works  at  home,  and  through  the  inspiration  he 
derived  from  reading  the  life  of  Charles  O'Conner,  the  great 
New  York  lawyer,  which  deepened  his  determination,  he  prepared 
himself  for  examination,  and  in  1897,  at  the  age  of  twenty-eight, 
he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  opened  an  office  at  Union.  Before 
that  time,  however,  while  still  a  farmer,  he  had  entered  public 
life  through  the  door  of  politics.  The  early  nineties  were  stren- 
uous years  in  South  Carolina.  The  Farmers  Alliance  was  in 
full  swing  then,  and  Mr.  Otts  identified  himself  with  it  and 
became  prominent  in  its  councils.  This  resulted  in  his  being  sent 
as  a  delegate  to  the  Farmers  convention  in  1890,  which  suggested 
Mr.  Tillman  for  governor.  From  that  time  on  he  was  prominent 
in  Union  county  politics,  and  was  made  a  member  of  the  State 
Democratic  committee  in  1892,  and  in  the  next  year  or  two  was  a 
delegate  to  several  state  conventions.  In  1894  he  was  elected  to 
the  house  of  representatives  from  Union  county  at  the  head  of 
the  ticket.  During  this  term  he  framed  and  introduced  the  first 
separate  coach  bill  to  be  acted  upon  acceptably  by  the  house,  but 
the  bill  did  not  pass  in  the  senate.  In  1895  he  was  elected  to 
the  Constitutional  convention  and  took  a  prominent  part  in  the 
fight  for  smaller  counties.  While  a  member  of  this  convention 
he  became  acquainted  with  Colonel  George  D.  Tillman,  an  elder 
brother  of  the  redoubtable  Benjamin,  and  a  strong  friendship 
sprang  up  between  them.  Colonel  Tillman,  who  manifested  a 
deep  interest  in  him,  advised  him  to  carry  out  his  long-cherished 
ambition  to  become  a  lawyer. 

After  his  service  in  the  Constitutional  convention  he  gave  up 
farming  and  moved  to  Gaffney,  in  Cherokee  county,  devoting  the 
next  six  years  of  his  life  to  the  practice  of  law,  a  pursuit  in 
which  his  strong  character,  energy,  ability,  and  determination 
have  brought  him  gratifying  success  and  vindicated  the  wisdom 


JAMES    CORNELIUS    OTTS  295 

of  his  choice  of  a  vocation.  In  1904  he  again  entered  the  political 
arena,  and  although  in  his  previous  legislative  career  he  had 
advocated  the  dispensary  system,  he  was  now  of  a  different  mind 
and  made  the  race  for  the  legislature  as  a  Prohibitionist.  After 
a  bitter  fight  he  was  again  elected  to  the  house,  once  more  leading 
the  ticket  and  receiving  the  largest  majority  ever  given  a  candi- 
date for  the  legislature  in  Cherokee  county  up  to  that  time.  In 
the  legislature  of  1904  he  was  appointed  on  the  steering  committee 
in  charge  of  the  Morgan  local  option  bill,  and  on  the  committee 
of  free  conference  on  the  part  of  the  house  to  confer  with  the 
committee  from  the  senate.  He  also  served  on  the  judiciary  and 
military  committees  of  the  house,  and,  with  Messrs.  Nash  and 
Hemphill,  prepared  and  engineered  the  ten  judicial  circuit  bill 
through  the  asembly,  a  work  which  he  considers  his  most  impor- 
tant public  service.  In  1906  Mr.  Otts  was  a  candidate  for  state 
senator.  Like  himself,  his  competitor  was  opposed  to  the  state 
dispensary,  and  was  a  worthy  man,  but  Mr.  Otts  was  elected  by 
about  six  hundred  majority.  In  the  senate  he  has  been  very 
efficient  in  various  lines  and  was  the  recognized  leader  in  the  fight 
against  the  state  dispensary  system  for  the  sale  of  liquors,  which 
was  abolished  at  the  1907  session. 

Of  a  strong  athletic  build,  one  of  his  favorite  modes  of 
relaxation  has  been  to  participate  in  the  great  national  game, 
baseball.  He  has  also  evinced  a  strong  predilection  for  military 
service,  and  organized  the  Pea  Ridge  Bifles,  a  company  of  which 
he  was  captain  from  1890  to  1897.  He  was  also  captain  of 
the  Limestone  Guards,  at  Gaffney,  during  the  period  including 
1903-1905. 

As  a  man  of  recognized  success,  though  young  in  years,  he 
would  urge  upon  all  who  desire  to  attain  true  success  in  life  the 
value  of  temperance,  of  truth,  of  earnestness  of  purpose,  of  manly 
independence.  He  advocates  helpfulness  to  others,  and  would 
impress  by  both  precept  and  example  the  gospel  of  right  living 
and  sober,  honest,  faithful  effort,  and  diligent  perseverance. 

His  address  is  Gaffney,  South  Carolina. 


LEWIS  WARDLAW  PARKER 

PAEKEK,  LEWIS  WARDLAW,  lawyer  and  manufacturer, 
was  born  at  Abbeville,  South  Carolina,  July  11,  1865. 
His  parents  were  William  Henry  and  Lucia  (Wardlaw) 
Parker.  His  father  was  a  lawyer  and  banker,  who  was  master 
in  equity  of  Abbeville  county  from  1856  to  1866,  code  commis- 
sioner of  South  Carolina  in  1884,  and  from  1880  to  1888  was  a 
member  of  the  state  legislature.  He  was  one  of  the  foremost 
citizens  of  the  state,  and  by  all  who  knew  him  he  was  respected 
for  his  fine  qualities  of  mind  and  heart.  He  died  in  1905.  The 
first  paternal  ancestors  in  this  country  came  from  Jamaica  and 
landed  near  Charleston  about  1730.  On  the  maternal  side  the 
ancestors  settled  in  Pennsylvania,  and  removed  first  to  Virginia, 
and  thence,  about  1750,  to  Abbeville,  South  Carolina.  Among  the 
prominent  ancestors  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  were  William 
Henry  Dray  ton,  chief  justice  of  South  Carolina  and  a  member 
of  the  colonial  congress;  Governor  Bull,  the  first  colonial  execu- 
tive of  the  state ;  and  David  Lewis  Wardlaw,  of  the  state  supreme 
court. 

As  there  was  a  large  family,  and  his  father's  means  were 
limited,  Lewis  Parker  had  some  difficulties  to  overcome  in  secur- 
ing an  education.  In  his  earlier  years  he  attended  the  public 
schools  of  Abbeville,  but  at  the  age  of  fifteen  he  entered  a  mer- 
cantile establishment  in  his  native  town  as  clerk  and  served  in 
that  capacity  two  years.  Later  he  took  the  academic  course  in 
South  Carolina  university,  which  he  completed  in  1885,  obtaining 
the  B.  A.  degree  with  high  honors.  He  then  entered  the  law 
department  of  the  same  institution,  from  which  he  was  graduated 
two  years  later  with  the  degree  of  LL.  B.  While  in  the  law 
school,  and  for  a  short  time  after  his  graduation,  he  taught  school 
in  Columbia  and  Barnwell.  In  1888  he  removed  to  Greenville 
and  commenced  the  practice  of  law.  From  the  first  he  was  suc- 
cessful. He  was  in  partnership  at  different  times  with  Honorable 
J.  A.  McCullough  and  H.  J.  Haynsworth,  Esquire,  two  of  the 
most  prominent  attorneys  of  that  city,  but  Mr.  Parker  withdrew 
in  18  D7  in  order  that  he  might  enter  the  comparatively  new  and 
very  promising  field  of  cotton  manufacture.  He  was  confident 


LEWIS    WARDLAW    PARKER  297 

that  in  this  way  he  could  serve  his  state,  and  his  own  interests, 
better  than  he  could  as  a  lawyer.  The  results  of  the  change 
have  fully  vindicated  his  clear  foresight  and  his  discriminating 
judgment. 

On  his  withdrawal  from  the  practice  of  law,  Mr.  Parker 
continued  to  look  after  certain  bank  affairs  in  which  he  had 
become  interested  and  took  the  management  of  the  Victor  Manu- 
facturing company,  of  Greer,  South  Carolina,  which  had  been 
organized  a  short  time  before.  The  Victor  mills  were  prosperous 
from  the  start,  and  the  plant  is  now  twelve  times  the  size  it  was 
when  he  became  connected  with  it.  Mr.  Parker  was  also  one 
of  the  organizers  of  the  Monaghan  mills,  located  at  Greenville, 
South  Carolina,  and  from  the  first  he  has  been  vice-president  and 
treasurer  of  the  corporation.  Both  mills  have  model  villages, 
with  schools,  libraries,  and  places  of  entertainment  for  the  opera- 
tives. When  it  became  necessary  to  reorganize  what  was  known 
as  the  "Whaley  group"  of  cotton  mills  in  Columbia  the  parties 
in  interest  made  careful  inquiry  in  order  to  find  a  man  of  high 
character  and  proved  ability  who  would  accept  the  positions  of 
president  and  treasurer  of  the  corporations.  After  careful  inves- 
tigation they  selected  Mr.  Parker.  He  accepted  the  positions 
with  the  distinct  understanding  that  this  new  undertaking  should 
in  no  wise  interfere  with  proper  attention  to  the  management  of 
the  mill  properties  in  and  around  Greenville  with  which  he  was 
connected.  The  conditions  at  the  Whaley  mills  were  bad,  and, 
on  account  of  the  financial  and  other  troubles  in  which  the  busi- 
ness was  involved,  the  outlook  was  discouraging.  But  by  means 
of  his  knowledge,  skill,  and  efficiency,  Mr.  Parker  solved  the 
difficult  and  complex  problems  and  in  a  comparatively  short  time 
put  the  mills  on  a  paying  basis.  One  of  these  mills,  the  Olympia, 
contains  100,320  spindles  and  is  the  largest  cotton  factory  in  the 
United  States  under  one  roof. 

It  was  a  very  common  custom  of  young  lawyers  in  his  day 
to  seek  public  office,  but  Mr.  Parker  did  not  follow  this  course. 
He  is  a  Democrat,  and  has  always  been  willing  to  aid  his  party, 
both  in  local  and  in  state  affairs,  but  he  has  never  desired  public 
office.  In  1896  and  1900  he  did  not  vote  for  the  presidential 
candidate  of  the  Democratic  party  on  account  of  the  free  silver 
issue.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias  and  a  deeply 
interested  and  a  very  helpful  member  of  the  Historical  Society 


298  LEWIS    WARDLAW    PARKER 

of  South  Carolina.  His  religious  affiliation  is  with  the  Protes- 
tant Episcopal  church. 

The  life  of  Mr.  Parker  is  a  marked  illustration  of  the  great 
change  which  has  occurred  at  the  South  during  the  past  few 
decades.  The  development  of  the  cotton  manufacturing  interest 
has  drawn  many  men  of  ability  from  professional  life  to  the 
management  of  cotton  factories  and  the  development  of  other 
industries.  Mr.  Parker  was  a  leader  at  the  bar  when  he  left 
it,  and  as  a  mill  manager  he  now  has  more  spindles  under  his 
direction  than  any  of  his  associates.  His  success  is  due  to  his 
natural  ability,  his  legal  training,  and,  in  a  great  degree,  to  the 
choice  of  wise  methods  and  close  and  constant  attention  to  all 
that  has  to  do  with  his  chosen  field  of  activity.  The  achievements 

*/ 

of  his  administration  of  the  mills  under  his  control  have  made 
him  one  of  the  commanding  figures  in  the  industrial  life  of  the 
South. 

His  postoffice  address  is  Greenville,  South  Carolina. 


t? 

'-• 


THOMAS  PINGKNEY 

PINCKNEY,  THOMAS,  was  born  in  Charleston,  August 
13,  1828.  He  is  the  son  of  Charles  Cotesworth  Pinckney, 
of  Charleston,  and  Caroline  Elliott,  his  wife,  of  Beaufort, 
South  Carolina.  His  father  was  a  lawyer  by  profession,  but 
spent  the  greater  part  of  his  life  planting  rice.  He  had  no  desire 
for  political  life,  but  was,  nevertheless,  once  elected  lieutenant- 
governor  of  the  state,  and  was  also  a  member  of  the  Nullification 
convention  of  1832.  He  was  a  devoted  planter,  but  more  deeply 
interested  in  the  welfare  of  his  negroes,  both  temporal  and  spir- 
itual, than  in  the  advancement  of  his  material  interests.  He  was 
the  first  planter  in  the  state  to  introduce  the  religious  instruction 
of  the  negroes  upon  his  plantation  by  the  employment  of  mis- 
sionaries to  preach  to  them  on  Sundays  and  catechize  the  chil- 
dren on  week  days.  He  was,  moreover,  assiduous  in  his  own 
exertions  in  this  direction.  An  instance  of  his  consideration  for 
them  is  illustrated  by  the  fact  that  on  one  occasion  a  heavy 
rainfall  had  inundated  the  lowlands  on  his  farm.  One  of  his 
men,  who  attempted  to  return  by  a  causeway  across  the  valley, 
found  the  wrater  had  risen  above  his  depth,  and  being  unable  to 
swim,  climbed  a  tree  and  whooped  for  assistance.  Mr.  Pinckney, 
on  discovering  the  situation,  mounted  his  most  trusty  horse  and 
swam  out  to  the  tree  on  which  this  terrified  man  had  taken  refuge, 
and  putting  him  upon  the  horse,  turned  it  loose.  The  horse  made 
straight  back  for  the  shore,  landing  his  rider  safely  there,  while 
Mr.  Pinckney  breasted  the  surging  current  and  swam  safely  to 
the  highland. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  is  a  descendant  of  the  Pinckney 
family  who  were  prominent  in  the  early  history  of  this  country 
in  framing  the  constitution  of  the  United  States,  and  in  repre- 
senting their  country  in  the  courts  of  England,  France  and  Spain. 
Thomas  Pinckney,  the  first  of  the  name  to  cross  the  ocean,  sailed 
from  England  to  the  Barbadoes  in  1691,  and  the  year  after  landed 
in  Charleston  from  the  Loyal  Jamaica  with  many  other  settlers. 
His  son,  Charles,  was  appointed  chief  justice  of  the  province  by 
Governor  Glenn  in  1752.  His  son,  Thomas  Pinckney,  was  a  major 
in  the  Revolutionary  army,  and  after  the  close  of  that  war  was 


302  THOMAS    PINCKNEY 

appointed  by  Washington  minister  to  the  court  of  St.  James. 
In  the  War  of  1812  he  commanded  the  Southern  department, 
and  also  in  the  war  with  the  Creek  nation. 

Thomas  Pinckney,  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  delicate  in 
childhood,  but  the  influence  of  a  country  life  enabled  him  to 
outgrow  this  tendency.  His  early  life  was  spent  at  El  Dorado, 
a  rice  plantation  on  the  Santee  river,  in  winter,  and  in  Pendleton 
in  the  summer.  No  work  or  unusual  duties  were  required  of  him 
in  youth,  and  to  the  influence  of  his  parents  he  is  indebted  for 
his  moral  and  spiritual  growth.  History  and  books  of  adventure 
were  the  reading  most  congenial  to  his  taste.  His  first  strong 
impulse  to  exert  himself  came  from  a  realization  of  the  fact  that 
he  could  win  success  in  life  only  by  his  own  exertions,  coupled 
with  the  examples  of  hard-working,  energetic,  successful  men 
with  whom  he  was  thrown  in  contact  in  business.  No  financial 
obstacle  stood  in  the  way  of  his  acquiring  all  the  education  he 
would  take,  first  at  village  schools  in  Pendleton,  then  at  the 
University  of  Virginia,  where  he  spent  two  years  in  the  academic 
department,  after  which  he  spent  two  years  at  the  Medical  college 
of  Charleston,  graduating  in  1850,  and  took  a  subsequent  course 
at  the  Medical  college  of  the  University  of  New  York. 

The  serious  work  of  his  life  began  when  he  commenced  rice 
planting,  which  was  accomplished  by  his  going  heavily  into  debt 
for  negroes  to  plant  some  of  his  father's  unoccupied  land.  A 
balance  of  this  debt  he  has  discharged  since  the  war,  although 
some  of  these  very  negroes  had  been  enlisted  in  the  ranks  of  the 
opposing  Northern  army.  On  the  secession  of  his  native  state, 
he  raised  a  cavalry  company,  and  was  put  on  duty  by  Governor 
Pickens  in  guarding  the  seacoast  from  the  depredations  of  fre- 
quent raiding  parties  sent  in  from  the  blockading  fleet.  In  1861 
his  command  was  mustered  into  the  Confederate  service,  merged 
into  the  Fourth  South  Carolina  cavalry,  and  after  one  year's 
similar  service  at  Pocataligo,  under  General  "Live  Oak"  Walker, 
this  regiment  was  transferred  to  General  Hampton's  division  in 
the  Army  of  Northern  Virginia.  In  a  hotly  contested  engage- 
ment between  Generals  Hampton  and  Sheridan,  at  Hawes  Shop, 
Virginia,  Captain  Pinckney  was  captured,  and,  after  seven 
months'  imprisonment  at  Point  Lookout,  Fort  Delaware,  Morris 
Island,  and  Fort  Pulaski,  he  was  exchanged,  rejoined  his  regi- 
ment, then  with  General  Johnston's  army  (General  Hampton 


THOMAS    PINCKNEY  303 

having  been  promoted  lieutenant-general  and  transferred  to  com- 
mand all  the  cavalry  of  that  army).  Here  he  had  the  misfor- 
tune to  have  a  leg  broken  a  few  days  before  the  final  surrender 
in  1865.  In  November  he  returned  to  Santee,  to  resume  rice 
planting  and  face  the  troubles  precipitated  upon  the  South  by 
the  iniquitous  reconstruction  acts,  and  to  realize  the  curse  that 
had  been  visited  upon  the  country  by  the  Fifteenth  amendment 
to  the  Constitution,  and  the  blighting  consequences  it  has  entailed 
for  all  future  time.  At  El  Dorado  he  found  the  negroes,  upon 
their  emancipation,  had  "shared"  out  the  household  furniture,  as 
well  as  the  planting  land,  among  themselves,  and  the  books  from 
the  old  library  were  thrown  out  of  doors  and  strewed  around  on 
the  plea  "that  the  white  people  had  gotten  all  their  sense  out  of 
them,  and  should  get  no  more  good  from  them."  The  planters 
were  obliged  to  call  in  the  aid  of  Federal  troops  to  dispossess 
them  of  what  they  had  appropriated,  and  restore  order  on  the 
plantation,  and  it  was  only  after  their  means  of  subsistence  had 
been  exhausted  that  they  could  be  induced  to  resume  work  to 
obtain  their  rations;  under  which  circumstances  as  laborers  they 
were  most  unsatisfactory  and  insubordinate,  serious  collisions 
frequently  arising  between  the  two  races. 

Captain  Pinckney,  preferring  the  quiet,  more  independent 
life  of  a  rice  planter  as  it  existed  in  ante-bellum  days,  declined 
propositions  made  to  him  to  take  part  in  public  life,  though  after 
the  war  he  did  his  utmost  for  the  preservation  of  our  civilization, 
so  seriously  threatened  by  those  reconstruction  acts  which  dis- 
franchised our  prominent  men  in  both  civil  and  military  life  and 
enfranchised  the  negroes,  who  soon  proved  themselves  utterly 
unfit  to  be  trusted  with  the  ballot.  On  one  occasion  only  did  he 
deviate  from  this  rule,  when  chosen  a  member  of  the  Taxpayers' 
convention  in  1875,  which  led  to  the  nomination  of  Wade  Hamp- 
ton for  governor,  and  thus  to  the  redemption  of  the  state.  During 
the  winter  of  1865-66,  after  returning  to  his  desolated  home,  he 
supported  himself  by  his  gun,  selling  his  game  in  Charleston 
market,  and  thus  supplying  himself  with  what  he  was  otherw '  se 
unable  to  buy. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Masonic  order;  of  the  Society  of 
the  Cincinnati;  of  the  South  Carolina  society;  the  Agricultural 
Society  of  South  Carolina;  Camp  Sumter  Veteran  association; 


304  THOMAS    PINCKNEY 

Charleston  Library  society;  the  Historical  society;  Art  associa- 
tion; St.  Cecilia  society;  Charleston  club;  Westmoreland  club, 
of  Richmond;  member  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Porter 
Military  academy ;  Church  of  the  Redeemer  for  seamen ;  Church 
Home  and  Orphanage;  Society  for  the  Advancement  of  Chris- 
tianity for  South  Carolina;  Society  for  the  Relief  of  Widows 
and  Orphans;  Bible  society,  etc.,  and  he  has  served  on  the  board 
of  trustees  of  the  University  of  the  South. 

In  educational  work  he  has  always  taken  a  deep  interest, 
feeling  assured  that  upon  the  enlightenment  and  virtuous  training 
of  the  rising  generation  the  future  of  this  country  must  depend. 

He  was  always  a  Democrat,  though  he  could  not  approve  of 
the  adoption  of  the  free  silver  heresy.  He  has  also  grown  up 
in  the  faith  of  his  forefathers,  as  exemplified  in  the  Protestant 
Episcopal  church.  He  has  always  had  a  great  fondness  for 
outdoor  sports,  especially  riding,  hunting  and  shooting. 

As  to  his  advice  to  the  youth  of  the  country,  he  suggests 
that  they  must  not  hesitate  to  push  themselves  forward  by  all 
honorable  means  in  attaining  the  object  of  their  praiseworthy 
ambitions,  and  adds:  "A  strict  adherence  to  principle,  even 
though  it  appear  to  the  disadvantage  of  the  individual,  is  the 
basis  upon  which  the  most  exalted  characters  have  been  founded, 
and  on  the  preservation  of  such  ideals  the  future  of  our  country 
will  depend." 

He  is  a  strong  opponent  of  the  dispensary  law  as  it  has  been 
administered  in  this  state,  for  although  he  admits  that  the  closing 
of  bar  rooms  has  done  some  good,  he  thinks  this  is  more  than 
counterbalanced  by  the  amount  of  fraud,  as  well  as  hypocrisy, 
its  administration  has  engendered,  demoralizing  those  who  have 
come  in  contact  with  it,  as  a  rule,  from  the  highest  to  the  lowest, 
besides  which  it  has  led  to  many  murders  at  the  hands  of  its 
minions. 

Thomas  Pinckney  was  married  twice ;  first  to  Mary  Stewart, 
of  Brook  Hill,  Virginia,  in  1870.  Of  this  marriage,  six  children 
were  born,  of  whom  one  son  alone  survives,  Charles  Cotesworth 
Pinckney,  of  Richmond,  Virginia.  The  second  marriage  was  to 
Camilla  Scott,  of  Richmond,  Virginia,  in  1892,  of  which  marriage 
one  daughter,  Josephine,  survives. 


JOSEPH  DANIEL  POPE 

POPE,  JOSEPH  DANIEL,  professor  of  law  in  the  Uni- 
versity of  South  Carolina,  at  Columbia,  was  born  April 
6,  1820,  in  St.  Helena  parish,  on  the  sea  island  of  the 
same  name,  upon  the  coast  of  South  Carolina,  upon  his  father's 
plantation  called  Mullein  Hill,  within  three  miles  of  the  Atlantic 
ocean,  in  the  house  that  was  the  home  of  his  grandfather,  Joseph 
Pope,  in  the  present  county  of  Beaufort  and  within  eight  miles 
of  the  town  of  Beaufort.  His  father's  name  was  Joseph  James 
Pope  and  his  mother's  maiden  name  was  Sarah  Jenkins.  His 
father  was  a  sea  island  planter  of  comfortable  fortune  consisting 
mostly  of  lands  and  slaves,  and  though  not  of  great  wealth,  his 
means  were  ample.  He  held  few  public  offices,  being  averse  to 
public  life,  but  in  spite  of  his  indifference  to  office  he  was  several 
times  elected  a  member  of  the  South  Carolina  legislature,  and 
took  much  comfort  to  himself  for  being  one  of  those  who  voted 
to  establish  the  lunatic  asylum  in  Columbia  in  1822,  against  very 
strong  opposition.  He  also  voted  for  the  nullification  ordinance 
in  1832.  His  marked  characteristics  were  great  personal  dignity, 
high  courage  and  integrity  and  remarkable  conversational  gifts. 
He  was  esteemed  by  all  who  knew  him  as  a  man  of  profound 
judgment  and  was  always  a  leading  member  of  the  community. 
Mr.  Pope  numbered  among  his  ancestors  on  his  father's 
side  the  distinguished  portrait  painter,  Jeremiah  Theus;  Colonel 
James  Theus,  of  the  War  of  the  Revolution,  and  Simon  Theus, 
who  was  the  first  Republican  collector  of  the  port  of  Charleston. 
The  Pope  family  came  to  South  Carolina  from  Pope's  Creek, 
Westmoreland  county,  Virginia,  about  the  year  1700.  The  earliest 
one  of  the  name  was  Thomas  Pope,  who  settled  on  tidewater,  in 
the  low  countrv  of  South  Carolina,  where  the  familv  lived  and 

*/  *•* 

prospered,  both  socially  and  pecuniarily,  until  they  were  utterly 
broken  up  and  impoverished  by  the  invasion  of  the  Federal  army 
in  1861.  On  his  mother's  side,  Mr.  Pope  traces  his  ancestry  to 
the  Scotts,  the  Jenkinses,  the  Adamses  and  the  Ashes,  all  families 
of  great  respectability  and  social  standing. 

Mr.  Pope  grew  up  upon  his  father's  sea  island  plantation 
and  was  a  healthy  boy,  fond  of  outdoor  life  and  developing  no 


308  JOSEPH   DANIEL   POPE 

special  tastes,  except  for  horseback  riding,  gunning  and  boating. 
He  was  not  compelled  to  do  any  manual  labor,  as  his  father  was 
in  easy  circumstances,  with  the  best  trained  negro  servants  to  wait 
upon  the  members  of  the  household  at  every  call.  Naturally,  in 
such  conditions,  the  influence  of  his  parents  was  paramount  in 
his  early  life.  His  education  began  at  his  mother's  knee,  and 
after  he  was  eight  years  old  the  combined  influence  of  both  his 
father  and  his  mother  affected  the  whole  of  his  moral,  spiritual 
and  intellectual  development.  When  he  was  twelve  years  old  a 
New  England  teacher  was  employed  in  the  family,  who,  in  spite 
of  many  personal  objections  to  his  character  and  opinions,  was 
nevertheless  of  the  greatest  service  to  his  scholar  in  opening  his 
mind  to  knowledge  and  in  teaching  him  how  to  study  and  to 
educate  himself.  This  teacher  subsequently  left  the  South,  and 
his  letters,  published  after  his  death,  were  filled  with  many 
slanders  concerning  the  Southern  people,  especially  with  regard 
to  the  period  of  nullification,  but  Mr.  Pope  has  always  felt  that 
this  did  not  detract  from  the  intellectual  debt  which  he  owed  to 
him  as  above  suggested.  After  his  mind  had  been  opened  by 
this  early  training,  the  books  that  he  found  most  helpful  to  him 
for  his  work  in  life  were  the  writings  and  speeches  of  John  C. 
Calhoun,  Hallam's  Constitutional  History,  and  Gibbon's  History 
of  the  Decline  and  Fall  of  the  Roman  Empire,  and  in  a  literary 
way  the  writings  of  W.  M.  Thackeray.  Without  claiming  to  be 
a  classical  scholar  in  the  proper  sense  of  the  term,  Mr.  Pope  has 
read  the  usual  classical  courses  of  the  colleges,  and  very  widely 
and  largely  in  English  literature,  and  has  all  his  life  been  a 
student  of  the  best  models  of  English  style. 

After  a  time  Mr.  Pope  was  sent  to  what  was  known  as  the 
Waterboro  academy,  kept  by  the  Reverend  Mr.  Van  Dyck,  by  no 
means  a  ripe  scholar,  but  an  admirable  teacher  to  others  of  what 
he  himself  knew,  and  his  pupils  were  greatly  benefited  by  his 
instruction  in  the  Greek  and  Latin  languages.  In  1840,  Mr.  Pope 
was  graduated  from  the  University  of  Georgia  with  the  degree 
of  A.  B.,  while  Doctor  Church  was  its  president.  He  did  not 
engage  in  professional  study  at  any  institution  after  his  gradu- 
ation, nor  did  he  take  any  post-graduate  course  at  any  college; 
but  he  received  from  the  University  of  Georgia  the  degree  of 
A.  M.,  and,  in  later  life,  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  from  Furman 
university. 


JOSEPH    DANIEL   POPE  309 

On  the  llth  of  December,  1845,  he  married  Catherine  Scott, 
the  daughter  of  Doctor  John  A.  P.  Scott,  of  the  Parish  of  St. 
Helena.  His  married  life  lasted  fifty  years  and  nineteen  days. 
Seven  children  were  born  to  him,  two  of  whom  are  now  (1907) 
living;  his  daughter,  Mrs.  Reed  Stoney,  living  with  him  in 
Columbia,  and  his  son,  of  his  own  name,  living  in  Florida. 

Mr.  Pope's  professional  life  began  as  a  student  of  law  in 
Charleston,  in  the  office  of  James  L.  Petigru,  the  famous  jurist. 
He  was  subsequently  admitted  to  the  bar  and  practiced  his  pro- 
fession for  many  years  with  marked  success.  He  was  for  many 
years  a  member  of  the  house  of  representatives  of  South  Carolina, 
and  held  the  chairmanship  of  the  committee  on  federal  relations. 
At  the  time  the  John  Brown  raid  occurred,  Mr.  Pope,  as  chairman 
of  that  committee,  carried  the  house  with  his  report  and  speech 
thereupon.  Subsequently,  Mr.  Pope  became  a  member  of  the 
senate  of  South  Carolina,  and  his  services  in  that  body  upon  the 
judiciary  and  finance  committees  were  of  the  greatest  public 
importance.  He  was  a  member  of  the  senate  during  the  exciting 
period  of  secession.  He  was  also  a  member  of  the  Secession 
convention,  and  took  a  prominent  part  in  its  deliberations,  as  will 
appear  by  its  published  proceedings. 

During  the  War  between  the  States  Mr.  Pope  was  a  member 
of  the  senate  of  South  Carolina,  and  was  subsequently  appointed 
by  President  Davis  chief  collector  of  the  Confederate  war  tax 
for  that  state,  and  also,  for  a  time,  superintendent  for  the  printing 
of  the  Confederate  notes.  After  the  war  was  over  he  returned 
at  once  to  the  practice  of  his  profession  in  Columbia.  He  deter- 
mined never  to  hold  again  a  public  office  of  any  kind,  but  this 
did  not  prevent  him  from  taking  a  very  active  part  in  what  is 
generally  known  as  the  Hampton  movement  for  the  redemption 
of  the  state  from  negro  rule.  About  1886,  at  the  solicitation  of 
the  trustees  of  the  South  Carolina  college  (now  the  University 
of  South  Carolina),  Mr.  Pope  was  induced  to  enter  upon  the 
laborious  task  of  building  up  a  law  school  in  the  college,  and 
since  that  time  he  has  conducted  that  department  with  marked 
ability  and  success.  He  has  graduated  about  three  hundred  stu- 
dents in  the  period  indicated,  and  the  law  school  has  added 
greatly  to  the  character,  ability  and  learning  of  the  South  Caro- 
lina bar. 

Vol.   I— S.   C.— 15 


310  JOSEPH    DANIEL    POPE 

Mr.  Pope  having  led  a  busy  life  in  the  law  courts  and  in 
public  affairs,  has  not  been  the  author  of  books,  but  he  has 
written  a  great  deal  for  the  daily  press  and  has  contributed 
articles  for  the  magazines.  He  has  delivered  numerous  literary 
addresses,  on  sundry  occasions,  which  have  always  been  well 
received. 

His  postoffice  address  is  Columbia,  South  Carolina. 


fUBLiC  LIBRARY 


- 


YOUNG  JOHN  POPE 

POPE,  YOUNG  JOHN,  chief  justice  of  the  supreme  court 
of  his  native  state,  was  born  in  Newberry,  South  Caro- 
lina, April  10,  1841.     His  parents  were  Thomas  Herbert 
and  Harriett  Neville    (Harrington)    Pope.      His  father  was  a 
distinguished  lawyer  and  statesman,  who  for  several  years  was 
commissioner  in  equity,  and  was  also  an  influential  member  of 
the  South  Carolina  legislature.     His  death  at  the  age  of  forty- 
seven  years  was  a  great  loss  to  the  legal  profession  and  to  the 
state  at  large. 

In  childhood  and  early  youth  Young  John  Pope  was  rather 
frail,  but  with  increasing  years  his  health  greatly  improved.  He 
was  fond  of  hunting  and  of  other  sports  that  were  common  to 
boys  of  his  age.  But  while  permitted  to  engage  in  them  to  a 
reasonable  extent,  he  was  taught  by  his  mother  to  be  industrious 
and  was  required  to  work  in  her  flower  garden,  and  perform 
other  tasks,  before  his  hours  for  play.  He  had  no  difficulties  in 
obtaining  an  education.  After  a  preliminary  course  he  entered 
the  Newberry  Male  academy,  in  which  he  was  prepared  for 
college.  He  then  studied  at  Furman  university,  Greenville,  South 
Carolina,  from  which  institution  he  was  graduated  August  6, 
1860.  He  had  chosen  the  legal  profession  and  immediately  after 
his  graduation  began  the  study  of  law  under  the  direction  of 
John  Belton  O'Neall,  one  of  his  kinsmen,  who  was  then  chief 
justice  of  the  supreme  court  of  South  Carolina.  Early  in  the 
following  year,  when  the  War  between  the  States  began,  he  left 
his  studies  and  was  among  the  first  to  enter  the  military  service 
of  the  Confederate  government.  He  enlisted  as  a  private  in 
Company  E  of  the  Third  South  Carolina  infantry,  and  in  a  short 
time  he  was  promoted  its  first  sergeant.  In  April,  1862,  on  the 
reorganization  of  the  regiment,  he  was  promoted  adjutant.  This 
regiment  saw  a  great  deal  of  hard  fighting,  and  its  losses  of  killed 
and  wounded  were  very  heavy.  Mr.  Pope  was  wounded  seven 
times,  and  at  the  battle  of  Cedar  Creek,  October  19,  1864,  while 
acting  adjutant-general  of  Conner's  brigade,  he  was  shot  through 
the  face  with  a  minnie  ball  that  destroyed  the  sight  of  one  eye. 


314  YOUNG   JOHN    POPE 

At  the  close  of  the  war  Mr.  Pope  returned  to  his  home,  and 
under  the  direction  of  Colonel  Simeon  Fair  resumed  the  study 
of  the  law  and  was  soon  admitted  to  the  bar.  His  progress  was 
very  rapid,  and  in  a  short  time  he  gained  a  high  rank  in  his 
profession.  As  early  as  1865  he  was  elected  district  judge  for 
Newberry.  This  position  he  held  with  credit  for  three  years, 
when  the  district  courts  were  abolished  and  the  government  came 
under  the  dominion  of  the  alien  and  the  negro.  His  general 
practice  was  large  and  many  of  his  cases  were  important.  For 
eleven  years  he  was  attorney  for  the  National  Bank  of  Newberry, 
and  in  1878-79  he  was  one  of  the  attorneys  for  the  state  in  the 
famous  suits  involving  the  validity  of  certain  bonds  issued  by  the 
"radical"  government  that  dominated  South  Carolina  from  1868 
to  1876.  One  of  the  results  of  these  suits  was  the  elimination, 
in  a  legal  and  equitable  proceeding,  of  a  million  and  a  half 
dollars  of  fraudulent  bonds,  thus  reducing  the  valid  debt  of  the 
state  by  that  amount. 

Judge  Pope  also  rendered  efficient  service  as  mayor  of  New- 
berry  for  five  terms  of  one  year  each.  During  his  administration 
there  was  a  marked  improvement,  not  only  in  the  outward 
appearance,  but  also  in  the  general  spirit  of  the  municipality. 
In  1887  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  lower  house  of  the  state 
legislature.  The  following  year  he  was  elected  to  the  state  senate 
after  one  of  the  greatest  contests  ever  known  in  his  county.  His 
opponent  was  highly  popular  and  up  to  that  time  had  never  been 
defeated  in  an  election.  In  1890  Mr.  Pope  was  elected  attorney- 
general  of  South  Carolina  and  entered  upon  the  duties  of  that 
office  on  December  3  of  that  year.  In  December,  1891,  he  was 
elected  by  the  legislature  one  of  the  associate  justices  of  the 
supreme  court  of  the  state,  and  in  January,  1896,  he  was  unani- 
mously reelected  to  this  position.  On  January  20,  1903,  he 
received  a  unanimous  election  as  chief  justice  of  the  state,  to  fill 
the  vacancy  caused  by  the  death  of  Chief  Justice  Mclver,  and 
on  January  23,  1906,  he  was,  without  opposition,  reelected  for  the 
full  term  of  eight  years.  In  the  same  month  and  year  the  South 
Carolina  college  conferred  upon  him  the  degree  of  LL.  D. 

Judge  Pope  has  always  been  a  Democrat,  and  for  many 
years,  including  the  remarkable  campaign  of  1876,  he  was  county 
chairman  of  Newberry.  Since  his  elevation  to  the  supreme  court 
he  has,  very  properly,  kept  entirely  aloof  from  political  manage- 


YOUNG   JOHN   POPE  315 

ment.  His  religious  affiliation  is  with  the  Baptist  church,  of 
which  he  has  been  an  honored  and  efficient  member  for  many 
years. 

On  December  3,  1874,  he  was  married  to  Mrs.  Sallie  H.  F. 
Rutherford,  daughter  of  Colonel  Simeon  Fair,  and  widow  of 
Colonel  W.  D.  Eutherford,  of  Newberry.  Of  their  two  children, 
one  is  living  in  1907. 

The  postoffice  address  of  Judge  Pope  is  Newberry,  South 
Carolina. 


ROBERT  OBADIAH  PURDY 

PURDY,  EGBERT  OBADIAH,  was  born  February  11, 
1857,  at  White  Plains,  near  Lawrenceville,  Brunswick 
county,  Virginia.  His  father  is  James  Purdy,  and  his 
mother  Jane  Wells  Purdy.  His  father  is  a  farmer,  characterized 
by  honesty,  sobriety,  great  industry  and  decision  of  character. 
The  father  and  mother  came  from  County  Down,  Ireland,  after 
they  were  married,  and  are  both  living. 

Robert  Purdy's  tastes  were  literary  in  his  youth.  He  grew 
slowly,  but  enjoyed  the  advantages  of  life  in  the  country.  Here, 
on  the  farm,  he  was  inured  to  toil.  Before  going  to  school  in 
the  morning  and  after  returning  in  the  evening,  a  distance  of 
three  miles  each  way,  he  was  required  to  perform  his  daily  tasks. 
The  means  for  school  expenses  up  to  seventeen  years  of  age  were 
furnished  by  his  father.  After  that  he  paid  all  of  his  expenses, 
including  the  cost  of  a  course  in  the  University  of  Virginia, 
earning  the  money  by  his  own  effort.  In  1873  he  attended  the 
Virginia  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  college  (now  the  Virginia 
Polytechnic  institute).  In  December,  1874,  lack  of  means  neces- 
sitated discontinuing  his  studies,  but  on  October  1,  1880,  he 
was  able  to  resume  college  work,  and  entered  the  University  of 
Virginia.  Here  he  took  the  full  law  course,  and  after  one  year, 
on  June  30,  1881,  received  his  diploma. 

Among  the  books  which  most  influenced  him  may  be  men- 
tioned Scott's  novels,  Warren's  "Ten  Thousand  a  Year,"  and 
other  literature  of  this  class  which  he  read  between  the  time  of 
his  leaving  the  Virginia  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  college 
and  entering  the  University  of  Virginia.  Home  was  the  greatest 
influence  in  shaping  his  character,  though  he  feels  that,  while 
school  was  a  valuable  factor,  his  education  consists  largely  of 
what  he  has  learned  from  men  by  association  and  contact.  At 
seventeen  years  of  age  he  resolved  to  study  law;  and,  through 
poverty  and  discouragements,  never  gave  up  the  idea,  and  never 
thought  of  entering  any  other  calling  or  pursuit. 

On  December  5,  1881,  at  Manning,  South  Carolina,  he  began 
the  practice  of  law.  In  1886  he  removed  to  Sumter  to  take  the 
position  of  partner  of  the  late  Senator  Joseph  H.  Earle.  When 


'm&      L   £?. 


ROBERT   OBADIAH    PURDY  319 

Senator  Earle  removed  to  Greenville,  South  Carolina,  Judge 
Purdy  formed  a  partnership  with  Mark  Reynolds.  Judge 
Purdy's  life  as  a  lawyer  was  not  different  from  the  life  or  expe- 
rience of  a  busy  county  lawyer,  enjoying  a  full  general  practice. 
From  1890  to  1892  he  was  mayor  of  Sumter;  he  was  also  several 
times  alderman.  In  January,  1902,  he  was  elected  judge  of  the 
circuit  courts  of  South  Carolina  by  the  legislature,  commencing 
his  term  of  service  in  December,  1902.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Pi  Kappa  Alpha  college  fraternity. 

Through  life  Judge  Purdy  has  been,  of  course,  a  Democrat. 
He  was  not  identified  with  the  Reform  movement  inaugurated  by 
Mr.  (now  Senator)  Tillman.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  South.  His  legal  and  judicial  pursuits  he 
varies  with  fishing  and  bird  hunting.  To  the  young  he  commends 
honesty,  industry  and  faithfulness,  and  promptness  in  business 
matters  of  all  kinds.  "A  prompt,  honest  and  energetic  man  can," 
he  declared,  "and  will,  meet  a  full  measure  of  success  here." 

On  December  18,  1883,  he  married  Hattie  H.  Ingram,  of 
Manning,  South  Carolina.  They  have  had  nine  children,  of 
whom  eight  are  now  (1907)  living. 

His  address  is  West  Hampton  avenue,  Sumter,  South  Caro- 
lina. 


THOMAS  MIDDLETON  RAYSOR 

RAYSOR,  THOMAS  MIDDLETON,  was  born  in  the 
county  of  Orangeburg,  South  Carolina,  May  26,  1859. 
His  parents  were  P.  A.  and  Annie  M.  Raysor.  His 
mother  died  while  he  was  an  infant.  His  father  was  a  noted 
planter  of  Orangeburg,  who,  at  the  outbreak  of  the  War  between 
the  States,  enlisted  in  one  of  the  South  Carolina  regiments  and 
served  with  distinction  until  the  close  of  that  memorable  struggle, 
during  which  he  reached  the  rank  of  captain.  He  was  graduated 
from  the  Citadel  academy,  Charleston;  was  a  ready  writer  and 
a  fluent  speaker,  and  took  a  prominent  part  in  all  the  political 
movements  of  his  day  in  which  the  interests  of  the  Palmetto 
State  were  especially  involved.  After  the  close  of  the  war  he 
went  to  Texas,  where  he  remained  until  the  time  of  his  death. 

Thomas  Middleton  Raysor's  ancestors  on  his  father's  side 
were  English ;  on  his  mother's  side,  Scotch-Irish.  They  came  to 
America  about  the  year  1731  and  settled  in  South  Carolina. 
Public  life  and  state  affairs  seem  to  have  engrossed  the  attention 
of  the  Raysors  for  generations  past,  for  we  find  that  the  great- 
grandfather of  the  subject  of  this  sketch  was  a  member  of  an 
early  legislature  of  the  state,  while  his  grandfather  was  a  state 
senator,  and,  as  above  noted,  his  father  was  conspicuous  in  social, 
military  and  political  life. 

The  early  years  of  Thomas  M.  Raysor's  life  were  spent  in 
a  little  village  and  on  his  father's  plantation  nearby.  Though 
not  required  to  engage  in  any  regular  manual  labor,  he  enjoyed 
working  occasionally  in  the  fields.  For  recreation  and  exercise 
he  spent  many  hours  in  swimming,  fishing  and  hunting.  There 
were  no  difficulties  in  his  way  in  acquiring  a  good  education,  for 
his  father  was  possessed  of  ample  means  to  send  him  to  the  best 
schools.  After  leaving  the  village  school  he  was  sent  to  Wofford 
preparatory  school,  at  Spartanburg,  and  later  to  Orangeburg 
academy.  In  the  class  of  1878  he  was  graduated  from  Wofford 
college  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  After  leaving  college,  Mr. 
Raysor  began  the  study  of  law  in  the  office  of  the  Honorable 
Samuel  Dibble.  Law  was  his  choice  among  the  professions.  He 


THOMAS    MIDDLETON    RAYSOR  321 

was  always  fond  of  reading,  history,  poetry  and  biography  being 
his  favorite  subjects.  The  reading  of  Plutarch's  "Lives"  made 
a  deep  and  lasting  impression  upon  his  mind  when  he  was  quite 
young,  and  later  the  teaching  of  Doctor  James  H.  Carlisle  had 
a  great  influence  over  him  for  good. 

Mr.  Raysor  was  a  member  of  the  South  Carolina  state  legis- 
lature for  three  terms,  1884  to  1890;  is  now  (1907)  serving  his 
second  term  as  member  of  the  state  senate  from  Orangeburg 
county.  He  is  attorney  for  and  a  director  of  the  Bank  of  Orange- 
burg,  and  attorney  for  and  a  director  in  several  other  financial 
institutions. 

From  early  manhood  he  has  been  a  public-spirited  citizen. 
He  took  a  very  prominent  part  in  the  work  of  establishing  a 
graded  system  for  the  public  schools  of  the  city  of  Orangeburg 
that  has  been  exceedingly  satisfactory  to  the  citizens  of  the 
place;  he  has  ever  been  a  strong  advocate  and  supporter  of 
South  Carolina  college  and  Citadel,  and  he  introduced  a  bill  in 
the  legislature  to  provide  for  the  rebuilding  of  the  west  wing  of 
the  Citadel.  As  a  member  of  the  senate,  he  is  regarded  as  an 
earnest,  faithful  representative,  loyal  to  the  best  interests  of  his 
own  district,  yet  not  overlooking  the  claims  and  merits  of  his 
fellow-citizens  in  every  other  part  of  the  state. 

His  literary  work  has  consisted  chiefly  of  articles  for  the 
newspapers  upon  such  topics  as  engaged  the  attention  of  the 
public  at  the  particular  time.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Chi  Phi 
fraternity;  he  is  a  Mason,  a  Knight  of  Pythias,  and  a  member 
of  the  Orangeburg  Business  Men's  club. 

He  married  Miss  Mattie  Mandeville  Rogers,  of  Darlington 
county,  South  Carolina.  In  politics  he  has  always  been  a  Demo- 
crat. His  religious  connection  is  with  the  Episcopal  church. 
Much  walking,  an  occasional  day's  fishing,  and  frequent  horse- 
back riding  are  his  favorite  methods  of  recreation  and  amusement. 

In  a  retrospect  of  his  own  life,  though  yet  in  the  vigor  and 
prime  of  manhood,  Mr.  Raysor  feels  that  he  has  failed  in  some 
of  his  more  youthful  aspirations,  principally  because  he  did  not 
take  advantage  of  opportunities  as  they  came  in  his  way,  and  also 
through  a  lack  of  persistent,  unflagging  industry,  which  alone 
can  win  the  coveted  prizes.  To  young  Americans  who  desire  true 
success  in  life,  and  wish  to  accomplish  some  good  work  for  the 


322  THOMAS    MIDDLETON    RAY8OR 

benefit  of  mankind,  Mr.  Raysor  tenders  the  following  excellent 
advice:   "Let  every  one  for  himself  cultivate  the  great  virtue  of 
self-control  and  lead  a  life  of  service  and  earnest  high  endeavor." 
Mr.  Raysor's  address  is  Orangeburg,  South  Carolina. 


GEORGE  ROGERS  REAVES 

REAVES,  GEORGE  ROGERS,  of  Mullins,  Marion  county, 
banker,  merchant,  and  member  of  the  legislature,  was 
born  in  Marion  county,  near  Mullins,  September  3,  1863. 
His  father  was  a  planter,  George  W.  Reaves,  who  filled  acceptably 
the  office  of  magistrate,  and  was  known  as  a  liberal  giver  to 
church  work  in  his  town.  His  mother,  Mrs.  Emma  (Rogers) 
Reaves,  had  a  strong  influence  for  good  on  her  son.  His  great- 
grandfather, Solomon  Reaves,  who  came  from  Virginia  about 
1790,  was  a  famous  Baptist  preacher  of  the  Revolutionary  days. 

Born  on  a  farm,  he  early  learned  farm  work.  He  says: 
"My  father  lost  everything  in  the  war,  and  as  he  was  growing 
old,  I  had  to  help  early  to  support  the  family;  and  I  took  the 
plow  as  a  regular  hand  at  twelve  years  of  age.  As  a  consequence 
I  had  only  such  opportunities  for  an  education  as  were  afforded 
by  the  common  schools."  In  1884,  however,  he  took,  at  the 
Commercial  college  of  the  University  of  Kentucky,  a  course  in 
business  principles  and  methods,  bookkeeping,  and  elementary 
commercial  law,  which  has  been  of  great  use  to  him  in  managing 
Ms  own  business  and  that  of  the  bank  of  which  he  is  president. 

From  the  reading  of  the  Bible  he  got,  in  his  boyhood,  his 
rirst  and  strongest  impulse  to  make  his  life  count  for  something. 
Biographies  of  successful  men  in  all  lines  of  life  also  stirred  his 
ambition  to  succeed. 

He  took  the  first  position  in  business  which  was  open  to 
him;  and  as  the  merchant  to  whom  he  engaged  himself  proved 
an  honest  and  fair  man,  Mr.  Reaves  continued  in  his  employ  until 
the  time  came  when  he  himself  was  ready  to  assume  directing 
control.  Then  he  planned  the  incorporation  of  the  business,  and 
was  made  president  and  general  manager  of  the  Mullins  Hard- 
ware company. 

Upon  the  organization  of  the  Bank  of  Mullins,  Mr.  Reaves 
becames  its  president.  In  1904  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
legislature,  and  was  reflected  in  1906. 

In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat,  and  he  has  always  acted  with 
that  party.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Baptist  church.  He  is  a 


324  GEORGE  ROGERS  REAVES 

Knight  of  Pythias,  and  has  filled  several  important  offices  in  that 
organization. 

He  was  married  February  15,  1893,  to  Katie  Daniel,  daughter 
of  W.  H.  Daniel.  They  have  had  six  children,  five  of  whom  are 
living  in  190T. 

Like  many  other  men  who  have  succeeded  in  commercial  life 
and  as  bankers,  Mr.  Keaves  feels  that  he  owes  much  to  the  excel- 
lent health  and  the  habits  of  systematic  work  which  were  acquired 
by  his  early  life  on  a  farm.  He  writes:  "My  own  experience 
leads  me  to  the  conviction  that  early  life  on  a  farm,  with  regular 
employment,  is  the  best  possible  life  for  boys.  They  come  nearer 
to  Nature  there." 


.IdHAiii 


FOUKDATIOlU 


ROBERT  GOODWYN  RHETT 

RHETT,  ROBERT  GOODWYN,  lawyer,  banker,  financier, 
was  born  in  Columbia,  Richland  county,  South  Carolina, 
March  25,  1862,  son  of  Albert  Moore  and  Martha  (Good- 
wyn)  Rhett.  He  is  descended  from  an  old  colonial  family,  whose 
earliest  American  representatives  were  Thomas  Landgrave  Smith, 
governor  of  South  Carolina  in  1693,  and  his  brother,  George 
Smith,  who  came  to  Charlestown,  Massachusetts,  about  1670. 
These  two  Smiths  were  the  grandsons  of  Sir  George  Smith,  of 
Exeter,  who  was  also  the  grandfather  of  George  Monck,  Duke 
of  Albemarle.  The  grandson  of  George  Smith  came  to  Carolina 
and  married  his  second  cousin,  Sabina  Smith,  the  granddaughter 
of  Governor  Thomas  Smith.  In  1744  their  son,  also  named 
Thomas,  married  Sarah  Moore,  the  granddaughter  of  Colonel 
William  Rhett,  and  his  grandchildren,  amongst  whom  was 
Thomas  Moore,  the  grandfather  of  Robert  Goodwyn,  adopted  the 
name  of  Rhett,  about  to  become  extinct. 

William  Rhett  attained  to  most  creditable  distinction  in  the 
pioneer  days  of  the  colony  of  South  Carolina,  and  in  1706  was 
speaker  of  the  house  of  commons  of  that  colony.  In  the  same 
year  he  received  a  commission  as  vice-admiral  of  an  English- 
Colonial  fleet  fitted  out  against  the  French,  and  in  1717  he  com- 
manded the  expedition  which  resulted  in  the  capture  of  the  pirate 
Bonnet. 

The  paternal  grandfather  of  Mr.  Rhett,  Thomas  Moore,  was 
a  planter,  and  took  no  part  in  public  life.  Two  of  his  brothers, 
however,  attained  considerable  distinction — Albert  Moore  and 
Robert  Barnwell. 

The  rise  of  Albert  Moore  Rhett  in  his  profession  and  in 
public  life  was  one  of  remarkable  rapidity.  In  the  same  year 
that  he  was  admitted  to  the  bar  he  entered  the  state  legislature, 
where  he  took  rank  with  the  ablest  debaters  in  the  state,  and  at 
the  end  of  his  four  years'  service  he  had  also  risen  almost,  if  not 
quite,  to  the  head  of  the  bar.  In  1843  he  removed  to  Charleston, 
and  in  October  of  that  year  was  stricken  with  yellow  fever,  and 
died  at  the  early  age  of  thirty-four  years. 


328  ROBERT   GOODWYN   RHETT 

In  an  article  from  the  pen  of  an  early  friend  of  Albert  Moore 
Rhett,  high  praise  is  given  to  his  abilities  as  a  public  speaker. 
"In  his  address,"  says  this  writer,  "Mr.  Rhett  was  self-possessed, 
grave,  and  earnest ;  but  when  he  was  warmed  by  debate  his  logic 
and  invective  were  overwhelming.  His  fine  voice  and  tall,  hand- 
some person  added  not  a  little  to  the  graces  of  his  elocution; 
while  his  choice  and  pregnant  English  reminded  one  by  turns  of 
the  terseness  of  Tacitus  and  the  solid  periods  of  Milton.  He  was 
as  severe  in  the  selection  of  his  phrases  as  in  the  order  of  his 
logic,  and  when  he  spoke  on  the  spur  of  the  occasion,  or  after 
much  preparation,  no  link  ever  dropped  from  the  chain  of  his 
argument,  and  his  periods  were  filled  up  and  rounded  with  all 
the  completeness  that  rhetorical  art  could  impart.  If  he  had 
lived  to  old  age,  he  would  have  been  one  of  the  first  men  and 
one  of  the  greatest  orators  of  South  Carolina." 

Robert  Barnwell  Rhett  was  also  a  distinguished  lawyer  and 
advocate  of  states'  rights.  He  was  in  congress  for  a  number  of 
years,  and  upon  the  death  of  John  C.  Calhoun  he  succeeded  the 
latter  in  the  United  States  senate.  He  was  a  rival  of  Jefferson 
Davis  for  the  presidency  of  the  Confederate  States  of  America 
after  the  ordinances  of  secession  had  been  passed. 

Robert  Goodwyn  Rhett's  father  is  a  native  of  South  Caro- 
lina, and  was  born  in  1834.  He  was  one  of  the  pioneers  in  the 
manufacture  of  fertilizers  from  the  phosphate  rock  discovered 
near  Charleston  in  the  late  sixties,  and  constructed  the  largest 
of  the  factories  there.  Upon  the  acquisition  of  nearly  all  the 
fertilizer  factories  in  South  Carolina  by  the  Virginia- Carolina 
Chemical  company,  he  was  placed  in  charge  of  them  all,  which 
position  he  now  occupies.  His  mother  was  a  daughter  of  Doctor 
Robert  Goodwyn,  of  Virginia,  who  fought  with  gallantry  in  the 
Florida  war,  and  afterwards  settled  in  Columbia,  South  Carolina, 
where  for  more  than  twenty  years  he  was  president  of  the  branch 
of  the  State  bank  located  at  that  place. 

The  early  life  of  Mr.  Rhett  was  spent  in  and  about  Charles- 
ton, South  Carolina,  where  he  grew  up  amid  a  cultured  environ- 
ment. He  fitted  for  college  at  Porter  academy,  Charleston,  and 
at  the  Episcopal  high  school,  near  Alexandria,  Virginia,  and 
entered  the  University  of  Virginia  in  the  fall  of  1879.  In  1883 
he  was  graduated  from  that  institution  with  the  degree  of  M.  A., 
and  in  the  following  year  took  his  degree  in  law.  Immediately 


ROBERT    GOODWYN    RHETT  329 

thereafter  he  entered  the  law  office  of  Brawley  &  Barnwell,  of 
Charleston.  In  1886  he  formed  a  partnership  with  George  M. 
Trenholm,  under  the  firm  name  of  Trenholm  &  Rhett.  In  1893 
W.  C.  Miller,  and  in  1899  R.  S.  Whaley,  were  admitted  to  the 
firm,  which  was  then  styled  Trenholm,  Rhett,  Miller  &  Whaley. 

It  was  not  long  after  his  admission  to  the  bar  before  Mr. 
Rhett  attained  a  prominent  position  in  the  profession,  but  his 
energies  were  not  confined  to  the  practice  of  law.  The  business 
of  fertilizer  manufacturing  attracting  his  attention  as  one  which 
could  be  profitably  extended,  he  became  instrumental  in  the 
establishment  of  two  large  factories,  and  continued  to  take  an 
active  and  leading  part  in  this  industry  until  it  was  concentrated 
in  the  ownership  of  the  Virginia- Carolina  Chemical  company. 

In  1896  he  was  elected  president  of  the  South  Carolina  Loan 
and  Trust  company,  and  in  1899  he  acquired  a  controlling  interest 
in  and  became  head  of  The  Peoples  National  Bank  of  Charleston, 
the  oldest  national  bank  in  Charleston.  The  latter  position  he 
still  retains. 

Mr.  Rhett's  faith  in  the  future  of  Charleston  has  never 
wavered.  His  interest  in  its  commercial  life  has  been  wide  and 
deep.  In  the  relation  of  a  private  citizen  he  has  touched  the 
business  of  the  city  at  many  points,  and  has  unsparingly  devoted 
his  time,  thought  and  means  to  its  support.  He  has  been  at  one 
time  upon  the  board  of  direction  of  not  less  than  twenty-five 
Charleston  companies. 

Believing  that  building  and  loan  associations,  when  honestly 
and  intelligently  managed,  are  important  factors  in  the  upbuild- 
ing of  a  community,  he  has  lent  them  his  hearty  support,  and  has 
himself  been  the  president  of  eight  such  associations.  One  of 
the  most  notable  achievements  by  the  business  men  of  Charleston 
in  recent  years  has  been  the  establishment  of  the  Commercial  club 
of  Charleston.  This  club  was  shaped  and  organized  under  the 
direction  of  Mr.  Rhett,  and  he  enjoyed  the  honor  of  being  its 
first  president. 

In  politics  Mr.  Rhett  is  a  conservative,  though  aggressive, 
Democrat,  and  has  taken  an  active  part  in  local,  state  and  national 
campaigns.  He  was  alderman  from  1895  to  1903;  mayor  of 
Charleston  from  1903  to  the  present  (1907),  and  has  again  been 
reflected  for  another  term  of  four  years  in  the  office  of  mayor; 
and  was  delegate-at-large  to  the  Democratic  national  convention 


330  ROBERT   GOODWYN   RHETT 

held  in  St.  Louis  in  1902.  In  1905  he  was  elected  president  of 
the  League  of  American  Municipalities.  The  most  important 
public  enterprises  under  consideration  during  Mr.  Rhett's  term 
of  office  as  alderman  were  the  construction  of  a  navy  yard  by 
the  United  States  government,  and  the  location  and  building  of 
a  new  system  of  waterworks  by  the  Charleston  Light  and  Water 
company.  Mr.  Rhett  manifested  an  absorbing  interest  in  each 
of  these  measures,  and  in  the  case  of  the  waterworks,  its  final 
accomplishment  was  due  in  no  small  measure  to  his  untiring 
efforts. 

Fraternally,  he  is  a  member  of  the  Charleston,  Commercial, 
and  Country  clubs,  of  Charleston,  and  in  religion  holds  member- 
ship in  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church.  He  is  fond  of  music, 
golf  and  society  when  disengaged  from  professional  and  business 
cares. 

On  November  15,  1888,  Mr.  Rhett  married  Helen  Smith 
Whaley,  daughter  of  William  B.  and  Helen  Smith  Whaley,  of 
Charleston,  South  Carolina.  To  this  union  four  children  were 
born,  three  of  whom,  Helen  Whaley,  Margaret  Goodwyn,  and 
Robert  Goodwyn,  Jr.,  are  now  (1907)  living.  Mrs.  Rhett  died 
April  26,  1904.  On  August  8,  1906,  he  married  Blanche  Sally, 
the  daughter  of  D.  Hammond  and  Ida  E.  Sally,  of  Aiken  county, 
South  Carolina. 

His  address  is  Number  116  Broad  street,  Charleston,  South 
Carolina. 


LIBRARY 


EDWIN  WALES  ROBERTSON 

ROBERTSON,  EDWIN  WALES,  lawyer  and  banker,  was 
born  in  Columbia,  South  Carolina,  September  3,  1863. 
His  parents  were  Thomas  J.  and  Mary  O.  (Caldwell) 
Robertson.  His  father  was  a  successful  planter  and  a  member 
of  the  State  Constitutional  convention.  He  was  elected  to  fill 
out  an  unexpired  term  in  the  United  States  senate,  and  was 
reflected  for  a  full  term,  thus  giving  him  continuous  service  in 
that  body  from  1868  to  1877. 

The  preparatory  studies  of  Edwin  W.  Robertson  were  taken 
at  the  Emerson  institute  at  Washington,  District  of  Columbia, 
and  the  Hopkins  Grammar  school,  of  New  Haven,  Connecticut. 
In  1881  he  entered  Yale  university,  and  was  graduated  therefrom 
in  1885.  In  the  year  last  named  he  entered  the  law  department 
of  South  Carolina  college,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1887 
with  the  degree  of  LL.  B.  He  soon  afterward  formed  a  partner- 
ship with  M.  Herndon  Moore,  under  the  firm  name  of  Robertson 
&  Moore,  and  secured  a  large  and  profitable  practice.  But  Mr. 
Robertson  had  long  been  thinking,  and  in  1893  he  became  fully 
convinced,  that  in  the  wider  field  of  finance,  with  the  industrial 
development  which  it  would  produce  and  sustain,  he  could  cer- 
tainly be  of  greater  service  to  the  public,  and  could  probably  win 
a  greater  measure  of  success  for  himself  than  would  be  possible 
if  he  continued  to  practice  law.  Foreseeing  that  in  the  near 
future  the  South  was  to  become  a  magnificent  field  for  manu- 
factures, commerce,  and  agriculture,  he  gave  up  the  law  and  with 
energy,  skill  and  enthusiasm,  he  entered  upon  what  has  proved 
to  be  a  brilliant  career  as  a  banker  and  a  manager  of  industrial 
affairs. 

Until  1861  the  Commercial  bank,  of  which  John  Crawford 
was  president,  and  the  Branch  bank  of  the  state,  of  which  Robert 
H.  Goodwyn  was  president,  were  the  best  known  and  the  most 
successfully  conducted  financial  institutions  outside  of  Charleston 
in  the  state  of  South  Carolina.  Then,  as  now,  Columbia  was  the 
seat  of  the  state  government  and  the  home  of  many  wealth}^ 
planters,  as  well  as  the  town  in  which  wealthy  merchants  had 
made  their  fortunes.  It  was  not,  however,  a  large  and  growing 


Vol.  I— S.   C.— 16 


334  EDWIN    WALES    ROBERTSON 

manufacturing  and  railroad  center,  and  the  two  banks  which  have 
been  named  were  able  to  furnish  all  the  money  which  was  needed 
to  conduct  the  business  operations  of  the  time.  But  Mr.  Robertson 
saw  great  opportunities  to  develop  various  industries  which  would 
require  a  large  amount  of  capital  and  make  additional  banking 
facilities  necessary.  Consequently,  in  May,  1893,  with  Gilbert 
M.  Berry  as  his  associate,  he  established  the  Canal  Dime  Savings 
institution  with  a  capital  of  thirty  thousand  dollars,  which  was 
increased  to  fifty  thousand  dollars  in  the  fall  of  1895,  when  the 
name  was  changed  to  the  Canal  bank.  On  January  1,  1898, 
the  Canal  bank  bought  a  controlling  interest  in  the  Loan  and 
Exchange  bank,  of  which  Colonel  A.  C.  Haskell  was  the  founder 
and  president,  and  the  two  institutions  were  merged  into  the  Loan 
and  Exchange  bank  of  South  Carolina,  with  Mr.  Robertson  as 
president,  which  position  he  has  since  held,  and  Colonel  Haskell 
as  vice-president.  The  bank  then  had  a  capital  of  one  hundred 
and  fifty  thousand  dollars.  In  February,  1902,  the  bank  bought 
a  controlling  interest  in  the  Central  National  bank,  and  the  two 
institutions  were  merged  into  the  Loan  and  Exchange  bank,  with 
a  capital  stock  of  three  hundred  thousand  dollars,  and  on  July 
4,  1903,  a  national  bank  charter  was  obtained  with  a  capital  of 
five  hundred  thousand  dollars,  the  largest  bank  capitalization  in 
South  Carolina.  Dividends  of  ten,  twenty,  and  thirty-three  and 
one-third  per  cent,  have  been  declared  by  the  Loan  and  Exchange 
bank,  in  addition  to  its  regular  semi-annual  division  of  profits. 
In  October,  1903,  the  bank  took  possession  of  its  new  and  perma- 
nent home,  on  the  site  of  the  modest  building  in  which  the  Canal 
Dime  Savings  institution  originated,  in  a  superb  structure.  The 
building  is  constructed  of  Columbia  brick,  of  which  over  one 
million  and  a  quarter  were  used,  steel,  and  Indiana  Bedford  stone. 
It  has  thirteen  stories,  including  the  commodious  basement,  and 
measures  one  hundred  and  eighty-four  feet  from  cellar  to  roof. 
The  first  suggestion  of  erecting  such  a  magnificent  home  for  the 
National  Loan  and  Exchange  bank  was  made  by  its  president, 
Mr.  Robertson.  The  almost  marvelous  development  from  a  Dime 
Savings  bank,  with  only  thirty  thousand  dollars  capital,  into 
South  Carolina's  strongest  national  bank,  with  a  capital  of  five 
hundred  thousand  dollars,  and  showing  the  largest  deposits  of 
any  institution  of  the  kind  in  the  state,  in  a  period  of  only  ten 


EDWIN    WALES   ROBERTSON  335 

years,  is  indisputable  evidence  of  excellent  judgment  and  remark- 
able financial  ability  on  the  part  of  the  manager  of  its  affairs. 

In  all  that  pertains  to  the  well-being  of  his  native  city  and 
state,  Mr.  Robertson  is  always  deeply  concerned.  He  is  financially 
interested  in  important  enterprises  which  are  designed  to  promote 
industrial,  commercial  and  agricultural  prosperity,  and  in  several 
large  corporations  he  is  a  leading  spirit.  He  is  president  of  the 
Electric  Street  Railway  Light  and  Power  company,  the  Columbia 
Gas  company,  the  Columbia  Real  Estate  and  Trust  company,  the 
Public  Service  company,  the  Union  Cotton  mills,  the  Buffalo 
Cotton  mills,  the  Union  Manufacturing  and  Power  company, 
and  (1906)  receiver  of  the  Union  and  Glenn  Springs  Railroad 
company.  He  is  vice-president  and  director  of  the  Standard 
Warehouse  company,  and  of  the  Capital  City  mills,  a  director  in 
the  Olympia  mills,  the  Prudential  Building  and  Loan  association, 
the  Land  and  Investment  company,  the  Interstate  Trust  company, 
Hermitage  Cotton  mills,  Home  bank,  and  the  Steamboat  company 
which  has  opened  an  active  trade  by  river  between  Columbia  and 
Georgetown,  thus  securing  for  Columbia  cheaper  freight  rates. 
The  facts  and  figures  which  have  been  given  show  that  Mr. 
Robertson  has  secured  a  high  rank  as  a  financier,  and  the  records 
show  that  his  success  has  been  honorably  won.  A  notable  evidence 
of  wide  recognition  as  a  man  of  character  and  a  financier  of 
ability  is  manifested  by  his  appointment  as  a  director  of  the 
Equitable  Life  Assurance  society  of  the  United  States,  when 
that  society  was  in  process  of  reorganization,  in  company  with 
such  men  as  Valentine  P.  Snyder,  Paul  Morton,  George  Victor, 
Thomas  Randolph,  and  others  of  the  highest  standing  in  the 
financial  world.  And  it  is  vastly  to  the  credit  of  Mr.  Robertson 
that  he  has  won  this  high  degree  of  eminence  without  the  spur 
of  necessity.  He  had  ample  means  and  could  have  lived  in  the 
most  comfortable  manner,  without  following  a  profession  or 
engaging  in  business  of  any  kind.  But  he  preferred  to  be  a 
laborer  rather  than  a  drone,  and  in  early  manhood  he  determined 
to  do  great  things  for  his  city  and  his  state.  And  this  record, 
though  necessarily  incomplete,  shows  that  his  purpose  has  been 
fully  accomplished. 

The  Robertson  home,  an  elegant  and  costly  structure  built 
in  the  colonial  style,  crowns  one  of  the  lofty  hills  upon  which 
Columbia  is  built.  From  its  spacious  collonade  one  can  see  far 


336  EDWIN    WALES   ROBERTSON 

over  into  Lexington,  perhaps  into  Sumter  county,  across  the 
valley  of  the  Congaree,  and  the  smoke  curling  from  many  mill 
stacks  reminds  the  beholder,  who  may  chance  to  be  Mr.  Robert- 
son's guest,  what  an  all-important  factor  his  host  has  been  in 
rebuilding,  in  larger  proportions  and  in  greater  beauty  than  it 
had  known  before,  the  Columbia  which  in  1865  was  only  a  mass 
of  smouldering  ruins. 

Mr.  Robertson,  although  a  busy  man,  is  far  from  being  an 
ascetic.  He  believes  in  meeting  with  his  fellows,  and  he  holds 
that  man  should  be  of  a  social  disposition.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  Pi  Sigma  Tau  and  Psi  Epsilon  fraternities ;  of  the  Yale ;  the 
University,  New  York  city ;  the  Columbia,  and  the  Metropolitan 
clubs;  and  is  a  Mason  and  Knight  of  Pythias. 

In  September,  1886,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Evelyn  P. 
Titcomb,  of  Kennebunkport,  Maine.  Of  their  four  children,  all 
were  living  in  1907. 

The  postoffice  address  of  Mr.  Robertson  is  Columbia,  South 
Carolina. 


POBUC  LIBRARY 


- 


WILLIAM  JOSEPH  RODDEY 

RODDE Y,  WILLIAM  JOSEPH,  banker  and  manufacturer, 
was  born  in  Chester  county,  South  Carolina,  October  2, 
1861.  His  parents  were  William  L.  and  Anna  Cousart 
(Baskin)  Roddey.  His  father  is  a  prominent  business  man  and 
capitalist,  a  man  of  clear  foresight  and  excellent  judgment.  He 
resides  at  Rock  Hill,  and  has  long  been  closely  identified  with 
its  interests  and  has  done  much  to  promote  its  prosperity.  In 
addition  to  various  minor  positions  which  he  has  held,  he  has 
been  president  of  the  following  named  corporations:  The  First 
National  bank,  the  Victoria  Cotton  mill,  and  the  National  Union 
bank,  in  all  of  which  his  son  has  also  been  an  officer.  The  earliest 
known  ancestors  of  the  family  in  this  country  were  of  Scotch- 
Irish  blood.  They  settled  in  South  Carolina  about  the  time  of 
the  Revolutionary  war. 

When  a  boy,  William  J.  Roddey  enjoyed  good  health.  He 
took  part  in  various  outdoor  sports,  but  was  especially  fond  of 
reading.  His  preparatory  studies  were  carried  on  at  Rock  Hill. 
When  sufficiently  advanced,  he  entered  Erskine  college,  from 
which  institution  he  was  graduated  in  1880,  with  the  degree  of 
A.  B.  Later  he  passed  two  years  in  post-graduate  study  at  the 
University  of  Virginia. 

The  active  work  of  life  was  commenced  in  1884,  when  he 
became  a  partner  with  his  father  in  the  banking  business,  under 
the  firm  name  of  W.  L.  Roddey  &  Son.  Three  years  later  he 
organized  the  First  National  bank  of  Rock  Hill.  This  succeeded 
the  above-named  banking  firm.  Mr.  Roddey  was  the  first  cashier, 
and  later  became  vice-president  of  the  bank.  Soon  after  the 
First  National  bank  was  succeeded  by  the  National  Union  bank, 
in  1898,  he  became  president  of  the  latter  institution,  a  position 
which  he  still  holds.  Since  1889  he  has  been  general  agent  and 
local  manager  of  the  Equitable  Life  Assurance  society.  In  July, 
1904,  he  became  vice-president  and  active  manager  of  the  Victoria 
Cotton  mill,  of  Rock  Hill.  He  is  also  a  director  in  various  other 
local  enterprises.  In  1895  he  was  made  a  trustee  of  Winthrop 
college,  and  in  1905  he  was  elected  to  a  similar  position  in 


340  WILLIAM    JOSEPH   RODDEY 

Davidson  college.  In  May,  1906,  he  was  elected  president  of  the 
South  Carolina  Bankers  association. 

On  August  6,  1890,  he  married  Miss  Perry  D.  Roddey.  They 
have  six  children  living  in  1907.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Knights 
of  Pythias.  In  politics  he  has  always  been  a  Democrat.  His 
religious  affiliation  is  with  the  Presbyterian  church.  In  the 
choice  of  his  life  work,  Mr.  Roddey  was  free  to  follow  his  own 
inclination.  He  still  retains  his  early  love  for  books.  Outside  of 
reading,  and  the  simple  pleasures  of  the  home  circle,  he  finds  his 
principal  relaxation  in  hunting  and  other  field  sports.  In  all  of 
his  affairs  Mr.  Roddey  has  been  characterized  by  strong  common 
sense  and  well-balanced  business  judgment,  as  well  as  by  a 
sterling  integrity  of  character  and  fidelity  to  principle.  As  a 
typical,  level-headed  business  man,  of  clear  mind  and  energetic 
disposition,  he  is  fairly  representative  of  the  young  men  who  are 
building  up  the  South  upon  a  basis  of  greater  prosperity  than 
it  has  yet  known. 

The  address  of  Mr.  Roddey  is  Rock  Hill,  South  Carolina. 


n. 


JAMES  AUGUSTIN  BROWN  SGHERER 

SCHERER,  JAMES  AUGUSTIX  BROWN,  Ph.  D.,  LL.  D., 
president  of  Xewberry  college,  author  of  "Four  Princes," 
"Japan  Today,"  "Young  Japan,"  "The  Holy  Grail,"  and 
"What  is  Japanese  Morality?"  -while  one  of  the  youngest  college 
presidents  in  the  country,  has  already  won  for  himself  an  honor- 
able distinction  as  author,  preacher,  missionary,  lecturer,  and 
successful  administrator  and  executive.  The  college  of  which 
he  is  president  is  the  property  of  the  Lutheran  synod  of  South 
Carolina,  and  was  chartered  by  the  legislature  on  the  20th  of 
December,  1856,  having  developed  naturally  and  vigorously  from 
the  "Classical  and  Theological  Institute,"  which  had  been  main- 
tained by  the  Lutheran  church  for  many  years  at  Lexington. 
The  preparatory  department  was  opened  in  October,  1858 ;  and 
the  college  proper  began  its  wrork  in  February,  1859.  Before  the 
outbreak  of  the  War  between  the  States  there  were  one  hundred 
and  seventy-five  students  in  attendance  and  the  prospects  seemed 
most  flattering.  But  a  very  large  proportion  of  students  volun- 
teered for  service  in  the  Confederate  army,  and  the  institution 
was  greatly  hampered  for  several  years.  Occupied  by  a  Federal 
garrison,  in  the  summer  of  1865,  the  original  building  was 
seriously  damaged  and  the  school  removed  to  Walhalla.  In  1898 
the  Federal  government  appropriated  fifteen  thousand  dollars  to 
the  college  in  somewhat  tardy  reparation  for  the  loss  thus  expe- 
rienced. It  was  not  until  1877  that  the  institution  was  reopened 
in  Newberry,  citizens  of  that  towrn  having  offered  grounds  and 
funds  for  a  building. 

The  college  has  had  six  presidents,  Reverend  Theophilus 
Stork,  D.D.,  1859-60;  Reverend  J.  A.  Brown,  D.D.,  part  of  1860; 
the  Reverend  J.  P.  Smeltzer,  D.  D.,  1861  to  1877;  the  Reverend 
George  W.  Holland,  D.  D.,  1878  to  1895;  and  Doctor  George  B. 
Cromer,  from  1896  to  1904.  Finally,  in  January,  1904,  after  the 
resignation  of  President  Cromer,  Doctor  Scherer,  who  was  then 
pastor  of  Saint  Andrew's  church,  of  Charleston,  was  elected 
president,  and  his  administration  during  the  last  three  years  has 
tended  to  the  prosperity  of  the  college  financially,  in  numbers, 


344  JAMES  AUGUSTIN   BROWN   SCHERER 

in  its  hold  upon  the  denomination  and  upon  its  alumni,  and  in 
its  influence  on  affairs  in  the  state  and  throughout  the  South. 

Doctor  Scherer  comes  of  good  stock.  His  father,  his  grand- 
father, and  several  of  his  uncles  and  great-uncles  were  Lutheran 
preachers;  and  he  has  three  brothers  in  the  Lutheran  ministry. 
He  was  born  in  Salisbury,  North  Carolina,  on  the  22d  of  May, 
1870.  His  mother  was  a  sincere  and  devout  Christian  woman, 
whose  influence  on  the  character  of  her  son  was  strong.  The  first 
known  ancestor  of  the  Scherer  family  in  America  came  from 
Germany  in  1748.  President  Scherer's  mother  was  Miss  Harriett 
Isabella  Brown;  and  her  ancestors  came  to  the  Carolinas  from 
Great  Britain,  early  in  the  eighteenth  century.  His  father, 
Keverend  Simeon  Scherer,  a  preacher  and  synodical  debater  of 
great  force,  and  a  man  of  the  strictest  integrity  and  of  sound 
business  judgment,  died  when  his  son  was  very  young.  But  the 
lad  was  not  to  be  prevented  from  acquiring  an  education  by  any 
difficulties  with  his  surroundings  or  his  mother's  lack  of  means. 
When  a  boy  of  but  eleven  years  he  took  a  place  as  clerk  in  a  store, 
and  soon  learned  the  lesson  of  hard  work.  For  a  short  time  he 
was  a  student  in  the  preparatory  department  of  Pennsylvania 
college,  at  Gettysburg.  The  climate  proving  too  severe,  he  con- 
tinued his  studies  at  Roanoke  college,  and  in  1890  was  graduated 
with  the  degree  of  A.  B. 

During  his  college  course  at  that  institution  he  not  only  made 
many  friends,  both  among  students  and  professors,  by  his  genial, 
social  nature  and  his  lovable  character,  but  he  also  distinguished 
himself  for  scholarship.  As  a  writer  he  was  recognized  as  easily 
the  first  man  in  his  college.  He  took  the  scholarship  in  English 
literature;  received  a  medal  for  oratory;  and  gained  the  distinc- 
tion of  graduation  with  absolutely  perfect  marks  in  English,  as 
well  as  with  "first  distinction."  He  took  a  prominent  part  in 
all  the  Christian  work  of  the  undergraduates  during  his  college 
course. 

After  graduation  from  Roanoke,  he  was  engaged  in  mis- 
sionary work  in  Pulaski  City,  Virginia,  for  a  year  and  a  half, 
meanwhile  reading  theology.  He  was  examined  and  ordained  to 
the  Christian  ministry  by  the  South  Carolina  synod  in  1891. 
The  next  year  he  was  sent  by  the  Southern  Lutheran  church  as 
their  pioneer  missionary  to  Japan.  There  he  continued  the 
careful  reading  of  theology  while  most  actively  engaged  in  the 


JAMES   AUGUSTIN   BROWN    SCHERER  345 

study  of  the  Japanese  language  and  of  mission  methods.  After 
some  months  spent  at  Tokio  he  removed  to  Saga  and  inaugurated 
the  work  of  the  Lutheran  mission.  He  made  rapid  progress  in 
the  language  and  was  soon  a  ready  speaker  to  the  Japanese  in 
their  own  tongue.  While  at  Saga  he  performed  a  most  valuable 
piece  of  work  for  missions  in  Japan,  in  the  translation  into 
Japanese  of  Luther's  "Small  Catechism."  For  several  years  this 
was  the  compend  of  theology  regularly  used  in  the  Lutheran 
missions  in  Japan ;  and  through  this  book  Doctor  Scherer  is  still 
a  missionary  force  in  that  country. 

On  the  5th  of  July,  1894,  he  married  (in  Japan)  Miss  Bessie 
Brown,  a  talented  and  accomplished  missionary  teacher,  daughter 
of  the  Reverend  Faris  Brown,  of  New  Concord,  Ohio.  Two 
children  have  blessed  this  union.  In  the  spring  of  1896,  to  the 
great  regret  of  all  friends  of  missions  in  Japan,  Doctor  Scherer's 
health  broke  down.  Several  months  spent  in  the  cooler  climate 
of  North  Japan  did  not  effect  any  permanent  improvement;  and 
after  some  time  in  Tokio  he  was  compelled  to  follow  the  advice 
of  his  physicians  and  permanently  withdraw  from  the  field. 
During  four  or  five  years  spent  abroad,  Doctor  Scherer  was  in 
the  employ  of  the  Japanese  government,  while  engaged  in  his 
duties  as  missionary.  After  some  time  spent  in  rest  and  recuper- 
ation at  home,  he  accepted  a  call  to  the  pastorate  at  Cameron, 
South  Carolina ;  and  after  a  year  of  successful  work  there  he  was 
unanimously  called  to  Saint  Andrew's  church,  Charleston,  where 
for  six  years  he  was  the  useful  and  beloved  pastor  of  a  united 
people,  discharging  at  the  same  time  the  duties  of  professor  of 
church  history  in  the  Southern  Theological  seminary. 

While  in  Japan  he  had  taken  up  one  of  the  post-graduate 
courses  prescribed  by  Pennsylvania  college,  at  Gettysburg,  and 
he  received  from  that  institution  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Phil- 
osophy in  1897.  Roanoke  college  had  already  conferred  on  him 
the  degree  of  A.  M.  in  1895,  and  in  1905  South  Carolina  university 
gave  him  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of  Laws.  President 
Scherer  is  not  only  known  as  a  strong  and  eloquent  preacher  and 
a  thorough  scholar,  but  he  has  made  a  reputation  for  himself  as 
an  author,  especially  by  his  books  on  Japan,  which  have  been  read 
by  the  thousand,  both  here  and  abroad,  several  being  published 
in  Europe.  Besides  writing  the  books  mentioned  in  the  first 
sentence  of  this  sketch,  President  Scherer  has  contributed  to  many 


346  JAMES   AUGUSTIN   BROWN    SCHERER 

magazines  and  periodicals,  writing  especially  upon  historical  and 
literary  themes.  As  a  public  lecturer  he  is  well  known  and  is 
warmly  welcomed  in  various  parts  of  the  country.  In  describing 
a  great  international  convention  which  assembled  at  Toronto  in 
the  summer  of  1905,  the  editor  of  the  "Sunday  School  Times" 
wrote  as  follows:  "The  program  at  Massey  Hall  was  a  fitting 
climax  to  all  that  had  gone  before.  A  young  college  president, 
Dr.  James  A.  B.  Scherer,  of  Newberry  college,  South  Carolina, 
virile  and  keen  in  the  fire  and  consecration  of  young  manhood, 
sounded  the  call  of  Japan.  He  drew  a  picture,  forceful,  burning, 
flaming,  of  Japan's  leap,  as  the  'fore-ordained  leader  of  the  Far 
East,'  from  the  medievalism  of  half  a  century  ago  into  the 
civilization  of  today." 

In  politics  Doctor  Scherer  is  a  Democrat  of  the  Cleveland 
stamp. 

While  in  college  he  was  a  member  of  the  Phi  Delta  Gamma 
fraternity.  He  is  chaplain  of  the  Washington  Light  infantry, 
at  Charleston;  and  belongs  to  many  learned  societies.  Under 
his  able  and  inspiring  leadership,  the  reputation  of  Newberry 
college  is  spreading  from  year  to  year,  while  all  the  work  of  the 
institution  and  the  life  and  character  of  the  students  feel  the 
effect  of  his  sound  scholarship,  his  high  character,  and  his  gifts 
as  a  writer  and  public  speaker. 


OSBORNE  LAMAR  SGHUMPERT 

SCHUMPERT,  OSBORNE  LAMAR,  son  of  Jacob  Kinard 
Schumpert  and  Harriet  Abney  Schumpert,  was  born  at 
Newberry,  South  Carolina,  July  26,  1845.  His  father  was 
a  mechanic  and  farmer,  a  trustee  of  Newberry  college,  and  for 
many  years,  and  to  the  day  of  his  death,  an  elder  in  the  Lutheran 
church,  of  which  he  was  a  member.  He  was  a  man  to  whom 
religion  was  a  matter  not  only  of  observances,  forms  and  cere- 
monies, but  of  life.  He  was  temperate  in  all  things,  and  con- 
scientious to  the  minutest  detail,  in  the  discharge  of  every  duty. 

The  father's  practical  bent  manifested  itself  not  only  in  his 
personal  character  and  life,  but  in  the  training  he  gave  to  his 
children.  Like  the  Apostle  Paul,  he  believed  that  if  any  man 
would  not  work  neither  should  he  eat,  and  he  required  of  his 
children  regular  work  fitted  to  their  several  capacities.  The 
subject  of  this  sketch,  healthy  and  robust,  and  passing  his  early 
life  in  the  country,  was  trained  to  labor  on  the  farm,  a  discipline 
for  which  he  has  many  times  in  subsequent  life  been  grateful. 
Work,  however,  was  mixed  with  play  and  outdoor  sports,  includ- 
ing the  riding  and  training  of  horses,  hunting  and  fishing. 

The  mother  was  a  woman  of  strong  characteristics,  and 
impressed  herself  upon  the  plastic  nature  of  her  son.  "Whatever 
of  good,"  he  says,  modestly,  "there  be  in  me,  I  owe  in  major  part 
to  her  influence  and  discipline." 

Among  others  of  the  formative  influences  which  affected  his 
tastes  and  life  should  be  mentioned  "Todd's  Students'  Manual," 
and  addresses  of  great  men,  both  of  which  aroused  his  deepest 
interest  and  enthusiasm.  To  them,  in  fact,  he  traces  his  first 
strong  impulse  to  accomplish  results  in  life.  He  also  enjoyed 
the  privilege  of  association  with  eminent  public  men. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  found  the  path  to  academic  culture 
prepared  for  him.  When  ready,  he  attended  Pagesville  academy, 
Newberry  college,  and  the  University  of  Copenhagen,  in  Den- 
mark, from  which  he  was  graduated  in  June  of  1871.  Newberry 
college  conferred  upon  him  the  honorary  degree  of  A.  B. 

Mr.  Schumpert's  active  life  work  began  at  Newberry,  in 
1871,  when  he  entered  upon  the  practice  of  the  law.  Among  the 


348  OSBORNE    LAMAR    SCHUMPERT 

positions  to  which  he  has  been  called,  and  the  activities  which 
have  claimed  his  attention,  may  be  noted  the  following :  Member 
of  the  general  assembly  of  the  state  of  South  Carolina,  1884-85; 
solicitor  of  the  seventh  judicial  circuit  from  1888  to  1896,  and 
special  judge  to  hold  Spartanburg  court  in  the  fall  of  1903 ;  the 
latter  position  he  owed  to  his  appointment  by  Chief  Justice  Pope, 
which  was  confirmed  by  Governor  Heyward.  Mr.  Schumpert 
was  also  elected  a  trustee  of  Newberry  college  in  1872,  a  position 
which  he  still  holds.  He  was  also  a  member  of  Governor 
Hagood's  staff.  In  1876  he  was  president  of  the  Democratic  club 
of  his  county,  and  in  connection  with  this  office  he  delivered 
numerous  political  addresses  in  his  section  of  the  state.  He 
was  also  commandant  of  Newberry  county's  quota  of  clubs  to 
Columbia  in  1876-77.  In  addition  he  has  served  as  a  delegate 
to  state  and  county  conventions. 

Mr.  Schumpert  served  in  the  War  between  the  States  in  the 
Third  regiment  of  infantry,  Kershaw's  brigade,  Longstreet's 
corps.  He  served  as  private,  sometimes  as  a  courier  for  General 
Kershaw  and  General  Longstreet,  and  as  the  orderly  of  the 
regiment.  He  is  a  Mason  and  Knight  Templar,  and  has  held 
the  office  of  master  of  his  Masonic  lodge  for  four  years. 

Mr.  Schumpert  has  always  been  a  Democrat.  In  religion 
he  is  a  Lutheran.  His  principal  exercise  and  amusement  is 
walking  or  riding  in  the  country.  Of  his  accomplishments  in 
life,  he  speaks  in  terms  of  reserve  and  self-depreciation,  holding 
that  what  he  has  done  would  be  of  little  interest  or  inspiration 
to  any  one — a  view  with  which  his  friends  do  not  coincide. 

On  the  5th  of  January,  1876,  Mr.  Schumpert  was  married 
to  Miss  Mamie  Estelle  Pool.  Four  children  were  born  of  this 
marriage,  two  of  whom  are  still  (1907)  living. 

Mr.  Schumpert's  address  is  Newberry,  South  Carolina. 


WK  NXW  TOKK 

PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


,   LSHOX 

TH.23EN  FOUNDATIONS 


JAMES  MARSH  SEIGNIOUS 

SEIGNIOUS,  JAMES  MARSH,  cotton  factor,  banker, 
financier  and  expert  accountant,  was  born  in  the  city  of 
Charleston,   South   Carolina,   November  4,    1847,   son   of 
Francis  P.  and  Martha  Hester   (Wightman)   Seignious.     He  is 
of  French  lineage  on  his  father's  side,  and  English  and  Scotch 
on  his  mother's  side. 

His  paternal  grandfather  was  born  in  Alsace,  France,  and 
during  the  Revolution  of  1789,  in  the  reign  of  Louis  XIV,  with 
other  Huguenots,  he  fled  from  his  native  country  and  took  refuge 
on  the  Island  of  Martinique,  near  Hayti.  Shortly  after  his 
arrival  in  Hayti  the  historical  negro  insurrection  in  San  Domingo 
took  place,  in  which  he  was  wounded.  Subsequently,  he  took 
passage,  with  other  refugees,  in  an  American  vessel  bound  for  the 
American  coast,  suffered  shipwreck  shortly  thereafter,  and  was 
finally  rescued  by  a  passing  vessel  and  landed  in  Charleston, 
South  Carolina.  Here  he  lived,  married,  and  died,  both  he 
and  his  wife  having  been  interred  in  Trinity  church  cemetery, 
Charleston. 

His  maternal  grandmother  (mother  of  Martha  Hester  Wight- 
man), Eliza  Stoll,  was  born  in  Charleston,  January  25,  1800, 
and  died  in  the  same  city,  August  13,  1834.  She  was  a  daughter 
of  Elizabeth  (Douglas)  Stoll,  who  came  from  England  in  the 
seventeenth  century,  and  was  of  English  and  Scotch  parentage. 
Her  father,  Justinus  Stoll,  was  a  man  of  large  wealth,  and  owned 
a  large  part  of  the  South  Battery,  of  Charleston,  in  his  lifetime,  a 
relic  of  which  is  Stoll's  alley,  which  bears  his  name  at  the  present 
time.  His  wife  was  a  noble  and  remarkable  woman,  the  history 
of  whose  life  reads  like  a  romance. 

John  Thomas  Wightman,  Sr.,  Mr.  Seignious'  paternal  grand- 
father, was  born  in  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  March  25,  1784, 
and  there  died  August  28,  1875.  He  wTas  a  son  of  Major  William 
Wightman,  who  was  major  of  a  regiment  in  the  American  Revo- 
lutionary army,  and  a  son  of  William  Wightman,  of  Harrow- 
on-the-Hill,  County  of  Middlesex  (near  London),  England,  who 
was  consul  at  Tunis,  Algeria,  under  the  British  crown,  about  the 
year  1735. 


352  JAMES    MARSH    SEIGNIOUS 

Major  Wightman  owned  considerable  property  at  the  corner 
of  Chalmers  and  Meeting  streets  in  Charleston.  He  resided  in 
a  large  brick  house  just  north  of  his  place  of  business,  both  of 
which  buildings  are  still  (1907)  standing  in  their  original  places. 
He  is  described  as  a  portly  and  handsome  man,  of  quiet  demeanor 
and  moral  repute.  His  wife  was  a  daughter  of  an  old  Charleston 
family,  whose  mother,  during  the  battle  of  Fort  Moultrie,  when 
the  troops  were  drawn  up  along  the  battery,  passed  along  the 
line  encouraging  the  soldiers  and  fresh  recruits  in  their  struggle 
against  the  British. 

The  Wightmans  are  from  a  very  old  family  stock,  both  in 
this  country  and  England.  It  is  thought  that  they  originally 
came  from  the  Isle  of  Wight.  Books  of  heraldry  give  three 
families — English,  Scotch  and  Welsh — but  the  Charleston  branch 
comes  direct  from  the  English,  and  was  one  of  three  branches  to 
be  established  in  this  country.  Of  the  other  two,  one  settled  in 
New  England,  and  one  in  New  Jersey.  The  New  England 
Wightmans  were  loyal  to  the  British  crown,  fought  in  the  Amer- 
ican Revolution,  and  Captain  John  Wightman  was  wounded  at 
the  battle  of  Hobkirk's  Hill,  South  Carolina.  He  was  a  son  of 
Colonel  John  Wightman,  of  the  "Loyal  New  Englanders,"  who 
returned  to  England  at  the  close  of  the  war,  where  he  died. 

The  coat-of-arms  and  crest  of  the  Wightman  family  were 
granted  to  William  Wightman,  Esquire,  of  Harrow-on-the-Hill, 
Middlesex  county,  England,  in  London,  on  July  14,  1562.  The 
crest  of  the  family  was  still  retained  and  used  on  the  family 
coach  by  Mr.  Seignious's  great-grandfather,  during  his  lifetime, 
in  Charleston.  Mr.  Seignious  has  in  his  possession  a  copy  of  the 
coat-of-arms  and  crest. 

Four  of  the  Wightman  brothers  left  the  old  home  in  Eng- 
land, namely,  John,  Thomas,  William,  and  Nicholas.  The  two 
former  were  the  founders  of  the  Northern  branch  of  the  family 
in  America,  and  William  of  the  Southern  branch.  Nicholas  was 
murdered  in  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  about  1788.  A  full 
account  of  this  event  is  inscribed  on  his  tombstone  in  the  old 
St.  Philip's  church  graveyard  in  Charleston,  South  Carolina. 

Major  William  Wightman,  and  Elizabeth,  his  wife,  had  two 
sons,  whose  names  were  William  and  John  Thomas,  named, 
respectively,  after  their  uncles,  both  born  in  Charleston.  William 


JAMES    MARSH    SEIGNIOUS  353 

was  the  head  of  the  Bishop  William  M.  Wightman  branch  of 
the  family,  which  had  numerous  descendants. 

John  Thomas,  the  other  son,  founder  of  the  Charleston 
branch,  and  who,  as  before  stated,  married  Eliza  Stoll,  had  the 
following  named  children :  Martha  Hester,  born  1819,  died  1905  j 
William  Edward,  born  1821,  died  in  California,  1870,  unmarried; 
Reverend  John  Thomas  Wightman,  D.  D.,  born  1825,  married 
and  now  (1907)  living  in  Baltimore,  Maryland;  Harriet  Eliza- 
beth, born  1830,  widow,  residing  with  her  son  in  the  West;  Ann 
Eliza,  born  1832,  married,  and  died  a  few  years  ago;  and  Charles 
Christopher,  born  1834,  married,  died  1905. 

The  Southern  branch  of  the  Wightman  family  has  been 
remarkable  for  the  number  of  wives  of  ministers  that  it  has 
supplied  to  the  different  churches.  They  were  a  highly  educated 
and  intelligent  family,  of  high  moral  character,  and  held  high 
positions  in  the  domain  of  military,  literary,  and  civic  affairs. 

The  early  life  of  James  Marsh  Seignious  was,  for  the  most 
part,  passed  in  the  city  of  Charleston.  The  influence  of  his 
mother  was  particularly  strong  on  his  moral  and  spiritual  life, 
and  his  father's  personality  impressed  upon  him  the  more  ragged 
virtues.  His  father  was  a  manufacturer  and  merchant,  who 
confined  himself  closely  to  his  business  interests.  He  was  a  man 
of  firm  and  sincere  friendships,  conservative  in  his  opinions, 
fearless  in  the  discharge  of  duty,  prompt  in  meeting  every  obli- 
gation or  promise  made,  industrious,  persevering,  quick  in  action, 
genial  in  manner  and  of  a  pleasant  and  jovial  temperament. 

There  were  eight  children  in  the  family,  four  of  whom  are 
now  (1907)  living.  James  M.  was  the  fourth  child.  He  was  of 
robust  constitution,  fond  of  outdoor  sports,  studious  of  habit, 
ambitious  to  succeed,  and  was  particularly  fond  of  mathematics, 
debate  and  oratory.  He  attended  the  public  schools  of  the  city, 
later  studied  under  private  tutors,  and  in  1863  entered  the  first 
class  of  the  Charleston  high  school,  from  which  he  was  graduated 
in  his  seventeenth  year,  with  high  honors,  and  delivered  the  class 
anniversary  address. 

Immediately  after  his  graduation  he  entered  the  Confederate 
army,  and  remained  therein  until  the  close  of  the  war.  Upon 
his  return  home  he  found  that  his  father  had  suffered  the  loss 
of  all  his  property,  except  his  home  and  place  of  business,  and 
was  without  means  to  conduct  his  former  enterprises.  The  son, 


354  JAMES    MARSH    SEIGNIOUS 

thus  placed  upon  his  own  resources,  accepted  a  position,  at  a 
small  salary,  in  the  office  of  the  Charleston  "Daily  News."  Later 
he  was  promoted  assistant  bookkeeper,  and  became  cashier  and 
general  office  manager,  at  a  good  salary,  before  he  had  reached 
his  majority. 

In  1868  he  was  a  tutor  in  what  is  now  the  Porter  Military 
academy,  intending  to  study  during  leisure  hours,  but  in  the 
following  year  he  entered  the  bookkeeping  department  of  the 
First  National  bank,  of  Charleston,  and  continued  there  until 
1870,  when  he  formed  a  copartnership  with  J.  B.  E.  Sloan  as  a 
cotton  factor.  In  1881  he  established  an  independent  business 
of  his  own  in  the  same  line,  which  has  been  so  successful  that  at 
the  present  time  (1907)  he  is  ranked  among  the  leading  cotton 
factors  and  commission  merchants  of  the  state. 

Mr.  Seignious,  in  addition  to  his  cotton  interests,  is  a  member 
of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  Bank  of  Charleston,  National 
Banking  association,  and  chairman  of  the  examining  committee 
of  said  association;  director  of  the  Bank  of  Orangeburg,  South 
Carolina,  since  its  organization  in  1887 ;  and  for  many  years  was 
director  of  the  Bank  of  Edgefield,  South  Carolina;  and  vice- 
president  of  the  Royal  Bag  and  Yarn  Manufacturing  company, 
of  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  to  which  latter  position  he  declined 
reelection  in  recent  years;  president  of  the  Charleston  Cotton 
exchange  for  seven  years,  and  president  now ;  member  of  the 
board  of  harbor  commissioners;  member  of  the  dock  commission 
for  Charleston;  was  made  manager  of  the  ways  and  means 
department  of  the  South  Carolina  Interstate  and  West  Indian 
exposition,  during  1901-1902,  by  unanimous  request  and  vote  of 
the  directors;  is  a  member  of  the  Charleston  chamber  of  com- 
merce; the  Young  Men's  Business  league;  Commercial  club,  and 
many  leading  societies,  and  has  represented  the  city  of  Charleston 
in  many  business  conventions  in  other  cities. 

Politically,  Mr.  Seignious  is  an  unswerving  Democrat.  He 
has  been  a  delegate  to  the  county  and  state  Democratic  conven- 
tions, representing  the  county  of  Charleston,  in  nearly  all  the 
conventions  held  during  the  past  twenty  years.  In  1902  he  was 
appointed  to  the  Danish  vice-consulship  for  South  Carolina  by 
the  foreign  ministry  of  Denmark,  and  confirmed  by  the  president 
of  the  United  States. 


JAMES    MARSH    SEIGNIOUS  355 

In  1895  Mr.  Seignious  was  solicited  by  representative  citizens 
of  Charleston  to  become  a  candidate  for  mayor,  but  he  declined 
to  enter  the  race  under  the  conditions  that  then  obtained.  Four 
years  later  he  entered  a  vigorous  but  unsuccessful  contest  against 
the  administration  candidate,  who  was  in  complete  possession  of 
the  political  machinery. 

To  his  tireless  efforts  not  a  little  of  the  success  of  the 
Charleston  exposition  in  1901-1902  is  due.  He  served  without 
pecuniary  compensation  throughout  the  entire  period  of  the 
exposition.  At  its  close,  resolutions  were  passed  speaking  in  the 
highest  terms  of  the  services  rendered  by  him  in  its  behalf. 

The  name  of  Mr.  Seignious  is  a  synonym  of  progress  and 
public  spirit.  He  has  given  of  his  time  and  energy  and  money 
to  almost  every  movement  for  the  advancement  of  the  educational, 
the  civic,  the  commercial,  and  the  moral  life  of  the  city. 

"I  would  suggest,"  he  once  said,  "to  every  young  man  starting 
out  in  life  that  the  first  necessary  thing  is  to  have  a  well-defined 
purpose.  Your  vocation  once  selected,  stick  firmly  to  it,  and  give 
it  your  time,  your  energy,  your  best  abilities.  Improve  your 
education,  cultivate  a  pleasant  demeanor,  be  truthful  and  honest 
in  all  things,  industrious,  frugal  in  your  expenditures,  and  asso- 
ciate with  men  of  honorable  life  and  refined  tastes.  Don't  neglect 
details." 

Mr.  Seignious  has  been  twice  married.  First,  November  19, 
1868,  to  Christiana  H.  Pelzer,  daughter  of  Francis  J.  Pelzer,  of 
Charleston,  South  Carolina.  She  died  in  1889,  after  having 
borne  nine  children,  four  of  whom — Eva  Antoinette,  wife  of 
Vanderhorst  B.  Murray;  Mattie,  wife  of  Joseph  L.  Barry;  and 
one  daughter  and  one  son  unmarried — are  now  (1907)  living. 
His  second  marriage  was  to  Esther  Barnwell  Heyward,  daughter 
of  Honorable  Nathaniel  B.  Heyward,  of  Beaufort,  South  Caro- 
lina, to  whom  he  was  married  in  1891. 

His  address  is  Charleston,  South  Carolina. 


Vol.  I— S.   C.— 17 


CHARLES  JOHN  SHANNON,  JR. 

SHANNON,  CHARLES  JOHN,  JR.,  merchant,  planter  and 
banker,  was  born  at  Camden,  Kershaw  county,  South 
Carolina,  July  1,  1863.  His  parents  were  Charles  John 
and  Mary  (Ancrum)  Shannon.  His  father  was  a  physician  and 
surgeon,  a  man  of  good  judgment,  fine  intellectual  attainments, 
and  who  served  as  a  surgeon  in  the  Confederate  States  army. 
His  mother  was  a  woman  of  fine  qualities  of  mind  and  heart  and 
exerted  a  strong  and  enduring  influence  for  good  upon  her  son. 
The  earliest  paternal  ancestors  of  the  family  to  settle  in  this 
country  were  Charles  John  Shannon,  who  came  from  the  north 
of  Ireland  about  1780,  and  Joshua  English,  who  came  from 
England  in  the  early  part  of  the  eighteenth  century.  Two  of 
the  maternal  ancestors,  George  Ancrum  from  England,  and  Isaac 
Porcher  from  France,  also  came  over  early  in  the  eighteenth 
century.  These  families  have  been  noted  for  culture  and  char- 
acter for  two  centuries. 

In  childhood  and  youth  the  subject  of  this  sketch  enjoyed 
good  health.  He  lived  in  a  town  of  about  three  thousand  inhab- 
itants, and  his  tastes  and  interests  were  those  of  the  average  boy 
of  that  time.  His  father  died  when  he  was  but  seven  vears  of 

V 

age,  and  from  that  time  he  felt  that  he  must  do  all  that  was  in 
his  power  for  his  mother  and  sisters.  As  he  was  obliged  to 
commence  work  at  an  early  age,  it  was  impossible  for  him  to 
take  a  course  of  study  at  a  college  or  university,  which  he  would 
have  been  glad  to  have  done,  but  for  several  years  he  studied  at 
night  under  the  direction  of  his  mother.  His  favorite  books  at 
this  time  were  mathematics  and  history,  and  to  these  studies  he 
gave  more  attention  than  to  others.  After  a  time  he  was  able 
to  attend  the  private  school  of  F.  Leslie  McCandless  in  Camden 
and  completed  its  course  of  study,  but  he  was  never  able  to 
obtain  a  liberal  education. 

He  began  the  active  work  of  life  as  clerk  in  a  shoe  store  in 
his  native  town.  His  preference  would  have  been  for  profes- 
sional life,  but  as  circumstances  were  such  that  he  could  not 
properly  equip  himself  therefor,  he  decided  upon  a  line  of  work 
in  which  he  could  do  credit  to  himself  and  benefit  his  employer. 


CHARLES    JOHN    SHANNON,    JR.  359 

He  was  ambitious  to  rise  in  the  world,  and  by  faithful  attention 
to  his  duties  he  obtained  a  good  reputation  and  soon  fitted  himself 
for  a  higher  position.  He  advanced  rapidly,  and  in  1889  he 
became  a  member  of  the  large  cotton,  banking  and  mercantile 
firm  of  Springs,  Heath  &  Company.  Two  years  later  the  firm 
name  was  changed  to  Springs,  Heath  &  Shannon,  and  in  1900 
to  Springs  &  Shannon,  which  name  it  still  retains.  Mr.  Shannon 
is  president  of  the  Commercial  bank,  of  Camden;  president  of 
the  Shannon-Stevens-Boykin  company,  at  Cheraw;  a  director  in 
several  corporations,  and  since  1894  he  has  been  president  of  the 
Camden  board  of  trade.  Several  years  ago  he  engaged  in  the 
production  of  cotton,  and  is  now  probably  the  most  extensive 
planter  in  Kershaw  county. 

Mr.  Shannon  traces  the  first  strong  impulse  to  strive  for  the 
prizes  of  life  to  self-respect,  pride  in  his  family,  and  a  desire  to 
regain  its  fortune.  Estimating  the  relative  strength  of  certain 
influences  which  have  helped  him  in  preparing  for  and  carrying 
on  the  work  of  life  he  names  home  as  by  far  the  greatest;  private 
study  as  the  next  in  importance,  and  then  contact  with  men  in 
active  life.  He  is  fond  of  all  athletic  sports,  but  has  been  too 
busy  to  devote  any  time  to  them.  As  all  the  exercise  required 
is  found  in  supervising  the  operations  of  his  cotton  plantation, 
no  attention  has  been  given  to  any  system  of  physical  culture. 
He  is  a  Mason,  and  is  a  member  of  several  social  clubs.  In 
politics  he  has  always  been  a  Democrat.  His  religious  affiliation 
is  with  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church,  and  he  has  held  the 
office  of  vestryman  in  the  church  at  Camden  since  1889.  On 
April  30,  1895,  Mr.  Shannon  was  married  to  Emily  Jordan 
Nesbit.  They  have  had  two  children,  both  of  whom  are  living 
in  190T. 

In  reply  to  a  request  that  he  would  say  something  in  the  way 
of  suggestion  that  may  help  in  their  efforts  the  young  Americans 
who  read  his  biography,  Mr.  Shannon  says:  "I  consider  short 
cuts  to  success  very  dangerous.  They  are  likely  to  lead  to  much 
trouble  and  disappointment."  He  lays  great  stress  upon  "a 
determination  to  attain  some  object  so  fixed  as  not  to  be  turned 
aside  by  disappointment  or  failure.  The  'get  up  and  try  again' 
spirit  is  essential  to  a  young  man's  success.  To  this  must  be 
added  rigid  honesty,  clean  personal  habits,  and  self-respect." 

The  home  of  Mr.  Shannon  is  at  Camden,  Kershaw  county, 
South  Carolina. 


CHARLES  UPHAM  SHEPARD 

SHEPAED,  CHARLES  UPHAM,  M.  D.,  of  "Pinehurst," 
Summerville,  Dorchester  county,  South  Carolina,  chemist 
to  the  state  board  of  agriculture,  expert  upon  phosphatic 
deposits,  tea  planter  and  special  agent  for  tea  culture,  United 
States  department  of  agriculture,  is  the  son  of  a  noted  miner- 
alogist and  chemist,  and  was  born  at  New  Haven,  Connecticut, 
October  4,  1842. 

His  father,  Professor  Charles  Upham  Shepard,  filled  the 
chair  of  mineralogy  and  chemistry  at  Yale  college,  and  at 
Amherst  college,  Massachusetts,  and  also  at  the  South  Carolina 
Medical  college,  at  Charleston,  South  Carolina.  He  was  one  of 
the  most  noted  of  the  early  American  mineralogists.  His  collec- 
tion of  minerals  was  world-famous ;  and  he  had  a  keen  perception 
of  the  properties  of  minerals,  which  enabled  him  to  discover  more 
species  than  has  any  other  mineralogist,  except  Breithaupt.  His 
father's  ancestors  were  among  the  earlier  English  settlers  in  New 
England.  For  several  generations  most  of  the  men  of  the  family 
have  been  lawyers,  ministers,  physicians,  or  professors  in  institu- 
tions of  learning.  As  a  family,  they  have  held  higher  ideals  in 
life  than  the  mere  attempt  to  make  money. 

The  early  life  of  the  son  was  passed  partly  in  the  town  and 
partly  in  the  country;  and  while  he  was  still  a  boy  he  made 
several  trips  to  Europe  with  his  father.  He  writes  of  his  boy- 
hood: "I  was  always  glad  to  do  any  out-of-door  work.  While 
this  was  not  necessary,  I  enjoyed  it;  and  it  is  probably  this  love 
of  out-of-door  work  which  has  brought  me  in  second  childhood 
to  the  tillage  of  mother  earth."  "No,  I  had  no  difficulties  to 
overcome  in  acquiring  an  education;  the  difficulties  were  for  my 
teachers;  I  was  fond  of  the  usual  boy's  books,  but  I  disliked 
Latin  grammar  at  ten  years  of  age."  His  classical  studies  were 
completed  at  that  celebrated  classical  school,  the  Phillips  academy, 
of  Andover,  Massachusetts,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in 
1859.  Entering  Yale  college  at  once,  in  1863  he  was  graduated 
with  the  degree  of  A.  B.  Several  years  of  study  at  German 
universities  followed,  and  in  1867  he  received  from  the  University 
of  Gottingen  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Medicine.  Several  years 
later  he  studied  agriculture  at  the  University  of  Halle,  Germany. 


CHARLES   UPHAM    SHEPARD  361 

Keturning  to  America  in  1867,  he  became  assistant  professor 
of  chemistry  at  the  Medical  college  of  the  state  of  South  Carolina, 
at  Charleston,  South  Carolina.  His  first  and  strongest  impulse 
to  strive  for  academic  honors  and  a  place  in  the  annals  of  science 
came,  he  says,  from  "my  father's  unflagging  application  to 
science."  The  wish  of  his  father,  as  well  as  his  own  preference 
and  choice,  led  to  his  association  with  his  honored  father  in  the 
work  of  the  chemical  class  room  and  laboratory  of  the  Medical 
college  at  Charleston.  Throughout  his  life  he  has  found  pleasure 
and  relief  in  constant  occupation  in  professional  work. 

For  years  Doctor  Shepard  served  as  chemist  to  the  board  of 
agriculture  of  South  Carolina.  As  an  analytical  chemist  and  an 
expert  upon  phosphates,  he  has  rendered  great  public  service  to 
his  state  and  to  the  country  at  large  by  his  professional  work  in 
discovering  and  developing  the  phosphate  deposits  and  fertilizers 
which  have  enriched  South  Carolina.  He  has  also  been  deeply 
interested  in  experimenting  in  the  field  and  in  the  factory  upon 
the  culture  of  tea.  For  years  he  has  been  a  tea  planter  at  "Pine- 
hurst,"  Summerville,  in  Dorchester  county.  He  has  been  for  years 
the  special  agent  for  the  United  States  department  of  agriculture 
for  tea  culture,  and  so  persistent  have  been  his  inquiries  and 
investigations  and  so  unflagging  his  correspondence  in  the  interest 
of  tea  culture  in  the  United  States,  that  the  tea  planters  of  India 
and  Ceylon  have  dubbed  him  "that  pertinacious  tea  pioneer." 
So  enthusiastic  an  advocate  of  tea  culture  is  Doctor  Shepard,  that 
he  regards  the  title  thus  bestowed  on  him  as  his  most  highly 
valued  "honorary  degree." 

During  the  Prusso-Austrian  war  of  1866,  Doctor  Shepard 
served  as  a  volunteer  surgeon  in  the  Hanoverian  army.  He  has 
made  various  inventions  in  chemistry,  and  in  processes  of  curing 
tea  and  preparing  it  for  the  market.  He  is  the  author  of  many 
reports  and  scientific  articles,  privately  and  publicly  printed. 
Future  reports  of  his  upon  tea  experimentation  are  awaited  with 
interest. 

Professor  Shepard  is  not  identified  with  any  one  of  the 
political  parties;  indeed,  he  is  so  far  from  taking  the  American 
view  of  the  necessity  and  the  importance  of  "parties,"  that  he 
declares:  "I  never  found  any  material  difference  among  them, 
except  that  between  the  'ins'  and  'outs.'  When  asked  "What 
is  the  sport,  amusement,  form  of  exercise,  or  mode  of  relaxation 


362  CHARLES    UPHAM    SHEPARD 

which  you  enjoy  and  find  helpful?"  he  replies:  "Charity  schools 
for  both  races  (separate)."  For  physical  culture,  he  recommends 
farming. 

Speaking  seriously  of  the  possibilities  of  partial  failures,  he 
writes:  "My  life  has  not  lacked  disappointments,  which  have 
taught  me  to  endeavor  to  wear  my  harness  with  contentment,  in 
the  wish  to  better  the  condition  of  my  fellow-men." 

Doctor  Shepard  was  married,  January  18,  1872,  to  Ellen 
Humphrey,  daughter  of  the  late  Honorable  James  Humphrey,  of 
Brooklyn,  New  York. 

In  reply  to  the  request  that  he  offer  a  suggestion  to  the 
young  people  of  his  state  which  may  help  them  to  attain  true 
success  in  life,  he  offers  this :  "I  regret  to  write  that  the  average 
young  American  might  profitably  entertain  more  respect  for 
parental  and  governmental  law  than  is  usually  the  case.  By  so 
doing,  he  would  suffer  no  loss  of  self-respect,  but  advance  his 
own  happiness  and  the  welfare  of  the  community." 


BENJAMIN  SLOAN 

SLOAN,  BENJAMIN,  LL.  D.,  son  of  Thomas  Majors  Sloan 
and  his  wife,  Nancy  Blassingame,  and  grandson  of  David 
McCurdy  Sloan  and  his  wife  Susan  Majors — the  former 
born  in  Ireland  and  the  latter  in  England — was  born  near  the 
village  of  Old  Pendleton,  Oconee  county,  South  Carolina,  April 
15,  1836.  His  father  was  a  successful  farmer  and  eminent  for 
varied  usefulness  to  the  community  in  which  he  lived,  and  was 
not  only  deservedly  held  in  high  regard  by  his  neighbors  and 
friends,  but  widely  in  his  state,  in  the  legislature  of  which  he 
served  acceptably  and  efficiently  for  a  number  of  terms. 

He  grew  up  a  strong  and  vigorous  youth,  inured  to  outdoor 
exercise,  as  his  father  required  of  his  sons  their  aid  on  his  farm, 
entrusting  chiefly  to  them  the  care  of  the  farm  stock — cattle  and 
horses.  Naturally  young  Benjamin  was  fond  of  horses  and  all 
outdoor  sports,  but  he  was  also  of  studious  habits,  fond  of  general 
reading,  with  a  bias  for  the  study  of  ancient  languages. 

His  mother  was  a  woman  with  the  highest  virtues  of  her 
sex,  a  model  as  wife  and  mother,  and  she  exercised  a  potent 
influence  in  molding  his  character  for  usefulness  in  life,  and  he 
gratefully  records:  "My  mother  was  of  the  salt  of  the  earth." 

His  education  was  commenced  in  Pendleton  academy,  which 
he  attended  until  1849 ;  he  was  then  a  student  at  the  Citadel 
academy,  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  from  1852  to  1854.  He 
entered  West  Point  Military  academy,  July  1,  1855,  and  was 
graduated  from  that  institution  in  the  class  of  July  1,  1860. 
Among  the  members  of  his  class  were  Generals  Wesley  Merritt, 
James  H.  Wilson,  A.  C.  M.  Pennington,  and  Horace  Porter,  of 
the  United  States  army,  and  General  Stephen  D.  Ramseur,  of 
the  Confederate  States  army,  and  many  men  who  became  distin- 
guished in  civil  life.  He  was  appointed  lieutenant  of  dragoons 
and  served  on  frontier  duty  at  Albuquerque  and  Taos,  New 
Mexico,  in  1860.  He  resigned,  March  2,  1861,  to  enter  the 
Confederate  States  army.  He  served  first  as  adjutant  in  Orr's 
South  Carolina  rifles,  and  subsequently  as  captain  and  major  of 
ordnance,  gallantly  and  faithfully  throughout  the  war.  He  was 


364  BENJAMIN    SLOAN 

appointed  superintendent  of  the  Columbia  and  Greenville  rail- 
road in  1866,  and  so  continued  until  1868,  when  he  relinquished 
the  position  and  engaged  in  farming  until  1872.  He  then  became 
the  manager  of  the  Pendleton  Cotton  mill,  which  position  he 
held  until  1878,  when  he  engaged  in  teaching.  He  was  professor 
of  mathematics  in  Adger  college  from  its  establishment  until 
1880,  when  he  was  elected  professor  of  applied  mathematics  in 
South  Carolina  college.  He  became  president  of  the  college  in 
1902.  His  course  of  study  was  selected  with  the  advice  of  his 
relatives  and  friends,  and  his  strong  desire  has  ever  been  to 
perform  to  the  best  of  his  ability  the  duties  of  life  as  they  arose, 
choosing  as  models  and  standards  of  excellence  the  best  citizens 
in  the  several  communities  in  which  he  has  lived  and  served. 

He  advises  all  young  men  who  earnestly  desire  to  succeed  in 
life  to  be  truthful  in  all  things,  faithful  in  every  performance 
undertaken,  loyal  ever  to  their  community,  their  state  and  their 
country,  and,  above  all,  reverential  of  the  laws  of  the  land. 

In  recognition  of  his  abilities  and  his  services  in  the  cause 
of  education,  the  honorary  degree  of  LL.  D.  was  conferred  on 
him  by  Wofford  college  in  January,  1904. 

He  was  married  December  1,  1862,  to  Annie  Moore  Maxwell, 
daughter  of  Captain  John  Maxwell  and  Elizabeth  Earle.  They 
have  had  two  children,  neither  of  whom  is  now  living.  They 
have  one  grandson,  Benjamin  S.  Beverley. 

The  address  of  Doctor  Sloan  is  University  of  South  Carolina, 
Columbia,  Eichland  county,  South  Carolina. 


--     I     ..--...  

I'jfJf   XK'fl    r.)*s7, 

PUBLIC  LIBRARY 


?'?,  Z?,  £. 


JOEL  ALLEN  SMITH 

SMITH,  JOEL  ALLEN,  banker  and  financier,  son  of 
William  Joel  Smith  and  lone  Allen  Smith,  was  born  at 
Abbeville,  South  Carolina,  March  4,  1856.  His  father 
was  a  planter  before  and  a  merchant  after  the  war.  He  was  a 
colonel  on  the  staff  of  General  A.  M.  Smith,  of  the  State  militia, 
before  the  war  and  served  faithfully  throughout  the  War  between 
the  States.  He  never  sought  but  persistently  declined  all  other 
public  offices.  He  was  characterized  by  firmness,  concentration 
of  purpose  and  a  marked  ability  to  give  close  attention  to  detail. 

The  great-grandfather  of  J.  Allen  Smith,  William  Smith, 
was  born  in  Culpeper  county,  Virginia,  November  5,  1762,  and 
married  Lucy  Wright,  of  the  same  state.  He  was  a  planter  and 
slave  owner.  He  settled  in  South  Carolina,  in  1794,  at  Stony 
Point,  Abbeville  county,  now  Greenwood  county.  Joel  Smith, 
grandfather  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  one  of  the  most 
successful  men  of  his  day.  He  was  a  prime  mover  in  inaugu- 
rating and  carrying  to  a  successful  issue  the  building  of  the 
Greenville  and  Columbia  railroad,  one  of  the  first  built  in  the 
United  States.  He  was  a  director  of  the  same,  and  was  also  a 
leading  spirit  in  building  the  Graniteville  Cotton  mills,  near 
Augusta,  Georgia.  He  was  ^or  years  a  member  of  the  legislature 
from  Abbeville  county,  was  an  elder  in  the  Presbyterian  church 
and  esteemed  for  his  high  integrity  and  uprightness  of  character. 

Young  Allen  Smith  was  a  robust,  healthy  and  active  boy, 
fond  of  outdoor  exercises  and  athletics.  His  early  life  was  passed 
in  the  village,  with  vacations  spent  in  the  country,  at  the  old 
homestead  at  Stony  Point.  His  parents,  having  ample  means, 
required  no  manual  labor  of  their  son.  The  influence  of  his 
mother  was  especially  strong  on  the  ethical  side  of  his  nature. 
He  was  rather  fonder  of  reading  than  of  hard  study,  and  read 
much  of  history,  general  literature,  and  biography,  especially 
delighting  in  the  latter.  The  influence  of  home,  of  school  and 
early  companions  tended  largely  to  form  his  disposition  and  to 
develop  the  amiable  and  softer  side  of  his  nature,  thus  serving 
as  a  check  against  too  great  sordidness.  From  private  study  he 
obtained  his  ideals,  these  rather  tending  to  hero  worship  and 


368  JOEL   ALLEN    SMITH 

the  romantic.  The  character  of  Julius  Csesar  was  his  youthful 
beau-ideal,  the  genius,  daring  and  personal  magnetism  of  the 
Roman  hero  taking  strong  hold  of  the  boy's  youthful  heart  and 
imagination ;  and  many  a  youthful  escapade  received  its  inspira- 
tion from  this  source.  The  expression  "Always  I  am  Csesar," 
borrowed,  perhaps,  from  Shakespeare,  and  the  motto,  "Every 
day  begin  again,"  have  exerted  no  small  influence  throughout 
his  whole  life,  but  it  was  from  contact  with  men  in  active  life 
that  the  sterner  and  no  less  necessarv  traits  of  character  were 

•/ 

developed,  which  have  entered  very  largely  into  the  degree  of 
success  he  has  attained.  He  feels  that  he  has  had  little  to  do 
with  results,  these  having  come  to  him  unknowingly  while  his 
attention  has  been  confined  to  matters  in  hand. 

Educational  advantages  came  to  Allen  Smith  with  no 
material  difficulty.  He  attended  the  celebrated  school  of  Mr. 
Edward  R.  Miles  and  King's  Mountain  Military  school.  After- 
ward he  attended  Washington  and  Lee  university  at  Lexington, 
Virginia,  and  studied  law  privately.  Though  never  admitted  to 
practice,  he  found  the  knowledge  and  training  thus  gained  of 
great  assistance  in  the  work  of  life. 

In  choosing  a  pursuit,  Mr.  Smith's  preference  was  for  the 
law;  circumstances,  however,  led  him  into  banking.  He  was 
engaged  in  mercantile  pursuits  and  banking  at  Abbeville,  South 
Carolina,  from  1876  to  1906;  was  president  and  treasurer  of  the 
Abbeville  Oil  and  Fertilizer  company,  president  and  treasurer  of 
the  Enterprise  Ginnery  company,  president  of  the  Upper  Long 
Cane  society,  president  and  treasurer  of  the  Athens  Oil  and 
Manufacturing  company,  of  Athens,  Georgia,  and  president  of 
the  National  Bank  of  Abbeville  from  1889  to  the  present  time 
(1907).  He  has  always  manifested  much  interest  in  education 
and  was  a  member  of  the  county  board  of  education,  and  was  a 
trustee  of  Abbeville  graded  school  and  of  the  Presbyterian  college 
of  South  Carolina.  He  was  first  a  deacon  in  the  Abbeville 
Presbyterian  church,  and  afterwards  an  elder  in  the  same.  In 
addition,  he  has  joined  the  following  associations:  The  Sons  of 
Confederate  veterans,  and  chosen  commander  of  the  local  camp; 
also  the  society  of  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution.  In  college  he  was 
a  member  of  the  Delta  Psi  fraternity,  in  which  he  was  gradually 
advanced  to  the  highest  positions.  In  politics  he  has  always 
been  a  Democrat,  and,  though  esteeming  the  game  of  politics  the 


JOEL   ALLEN    SMITH  369 

most  engaging,  scientific  and  intricate  of  all  games,  Mr.  Smith 
has  never  sought  or  held  a  political  office ;  though  in  each  genera- 
tion some  member  of  his  family  has  represented  the  state  in  the 
general  assembly.  His  relaxation  is  found  in  reading,  traveling, 
and  association  with  kindred  spirits;  he  has  also  constantly, 
throughout  life,  indulged  much  in  outdoor  exercises  and  in  the 
use  of  the  free  arm  movements,  finding  them  of  great  benefit. 

To  the  young  he  commends  "faith  in  a  Supreme  Being — • 
the  only  living  and  true,  Triune,  God;  great  reverence  for  and 
unremitting  study  of  the  Bible  (with  a  good  commentary),  which 
aside  from  its  immeasurable  religious  benefit,  is  the  most  inter- 
esting of  all  books ;  as  much  and  as  accurate  an  acquaintance  with 
history  and  general  literature  as  is  possible ;  lofty  and  true  ideals, 
eliminating,  as  much  as  possible,  the  selfish,  and  encouraging 
patriotism,  especially  love  of  one's  own  state."  He  advises,  also, 
"the  cultivation  of  the  ability  to  write  essays,  and  to  speak  one's 
thoughts  forcibly  while  standing  before  an  audience.  As  for  the 
rest,  I  should  say  it  is  all  contained  in  the  words:  concentrate, 
concentrate,  work,  work." 

Mr.  Smith  has  been  twice  married:  First,  in  early  life,  to 
Rebecca,  daughter  of  the  late  Judge  James  S.  Cothran,  of  Abbe- 
ville, South  Carolina,  of  which  marriage  were  born  three  children, 
all  of  whom  were  living  in  1907 ;  second,  to  Mary  Baker,  daughter 
of  the  late  Judge  Edward  J.  Harden,  of  Savannah,  Georgia; 
five  children  were  born  of  this  union,  all  of  whom  are  living 
in  1907. 

His  address  is  Abbeville,  South  Carolina. 


HENRY  NELSON  SNYDER 

SNYDER,  HENRY  NELSON,  LL.  D.,  educator,  was  born 
January  14,  1865,  in  Macon,  Bibb  county,  Georgia.  His 
father,  Henry  N.  Snyder,  was  a  business  man  and  merchant 
of  sterling  honesty  and  unfailing  high-mindedness,  and  served 
through  the  War  between  the  States  as  captain  in  the  Confederate 
army;  his  mother,  Anne  (Hill)  Snyder,  was  a  woman  of  strong 
intellect  and  piety,  and  decidedly  influenced  his  life  on  its  intel- 
lectual and  moral  sides.  His  early  American  ancestors  were  from 
Holland,  England  and  Scotland,  and  he  is  related  to  the  well- 
known  Powell,  Hill,  Taliaferro,  Harrison  and  Robertson  families 
of  Virginia.  One  of  the  latter,  General  James  Robertson,  was 
one  of  the  first  settlers  in  middle  Tennessee  and  the  founder  of 
the  city  of  Nashville. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  passed  his  early  life  in  the  city, 
and,  though  active  in  every  form  of  outdoor  sport,  was  always 
somewhat  "bookish."  He  received  his  primary  and  academic 
education  in  private  schools,  and  the  Edgefield  (Tennessee)  high 
school.  At  the  age  of  fourteen  he  went  to  work  as  clerk  in  a 
book  store  in  Nashville,  Tennessee,  where  he  remained  eight  years 
(counting  his  college  vacations  as  years),  and  learned  lessons  of 
business  which  have  been  invaluable  to  him  in  his  career.  After 
careful  consideration  of  his  tastes,  inclination  and  fitness,  he 
decided  to  devote  his  life  to  educational  work  in  the  South. 
With  that  purpose  in  view,  he,  in  1883,  entered  Vanderbilt 
university,  Nashville,  from  which  institution  he  was  graduated 
A.  B.  in  1887,  and  A.  M.  in  1890.  He  remained  at  the  university 
as  instructor  in  Latin  until  the  fall  of  1890,  when  he  became 
professor  of  English  language  and  literature  in  Wofford  college, 
Spartanburg,  South  Carolina.  After  serving  the  college  in  this 
capacity  for  twelve  years  he  became  its  president,  which  position 
he  still  (1907)  holds.  He  was  lecturer  on  English  literature  in 
the  South  Carolina  summer  school  for  teachers,  1896-1898;  in 
the  summer  school  for  the  South,  Knoxville,  Tennessee,  1903-04; 
and  at  Chautauqua,  New  York,  and  the  University  of  Chicago, 
1906.  He  is  a  member  of  the  board  of  education  of  the  Methodist 
Episcopal  Church,  South,  for  the  term  1898-1910;  a  member  of 


HENRY    NELSON    SNYDER  373 

the  joint  hymnal  commission  of  the  Methodist  church,  1903-04, 
and  of  the  Inter-church  Federation  congress,  1905.  He  took  a 
special  post-graduate  course  of  one  year  at  the  University  of 
Gottingen,  Germany.  The  South  Carolina  college  has  conferred 
upon  him  two  honorary  degrees,  Litt.  D.  in  1902,  and  LL.  D. 
in.  1905. 

He  is  one  of  the  leading  educators,  not  only  of  South  Caro- 
lina, but  of  the  South,  and  is  one  of  the  highest  authorities  on 
English  literature  in  the  United  States.  His  lectures  and  writings 
are  marked  by  purity  and  beauty  of  language,  clearness  of  diction 
and  thorough  knowledge  of  the  subject-matter.  As  a  college 
president,  he  has  been  so  successful  that  greater  things  are  confi- 
dently expected  of  him.  He  has  not  consciously  striven  for  any 
prize,  as  such,  but  has  simply  worked  hard  on  the  task  in  hand, 
from  a  sense  of  duty,  and  with  the  steadfast  purpose  of  always 
doing  his  best.  He  rates  as  the  three  strongest  influences  in  his 
life,  in  the  order  named,  home,  contact  with  a  few  great  teachers 
and  scholars,  and  private  study.  He  thinks  the  requisites  for  true 
success  are  training,  thoroughness  and  accuracy;  fixedness  of 
purpose ;  unselfish  devotion  to  the  work  in  hand  for  its  own  sake, 
and,  above  everything,  sound  morals,  based  upon  intelligence. 

He  is  a  frequent  contributor  to  magazines  and  reviews  on 
literary  and  educational  subjects;  a  member  of  the  Southern 
Historical  society,  the  Modern  Language  association  of  America, 
the  Religious  Educational  association,  and  of  the  college  frater- 
nities, Chi  Phi  and  Phi  Beta  Kappa.  In  politics  he  is  a  Demo- 
crat. His  favorite  form  of  exercise  and  outdoor  recreation  is 
playing  lawn  tennis. 

On  July  9,  1889,  he  married  Lula  Eubank;  three  children 
have  been  born  to  them,  two  of  whom  are  now  (1907)  living. 

His  address  is  Spartanburg,  South  Carolina. 


CHARLES  EDWARD  SPENCER 

SPENCER,  CHAELES  EDWARD,  of  Yorkville,  South 
Carolina,  lawyer  and  bank  director,  was  born  July  30, 
1849,  in  Sumter  (now  Lee)  county,  South  Carolina.  His 
father  was  Elisha  Spencer,  who  married  Mary  Alice  Fraser. 

Attending  in  his  boyhood  the  country  schools  within  reach 
of  his  home,  and,  like  other  boys  of  his  age,  losing,  through  the 
troubled  years  of  the  War  between  the  States,  many  of  those 
opportunities  for  study  which  in  the  years  between  twelve  and 
sixteen  are  so  important,  he  was,  nevertheless,  prepared  to  enter 
college  in  1867,  and  he  was  graduated  from  the  University  of 
South  Carolina,  with  the  degree  of  A.  B.,  in  June,  1869.  He 
received  the  degree  of  Bachelor  of  Laws  from  that  institution  in 
June,  1872. 

In  February,  1870,  he  was  appointed  to  an  instructorship 
in  the  King's  Mountain  Military  school,  at  Yorkville,  and  he 
remained  connected  with  the  teaching  corps  of  that  institution, 
meanwhile  reading  law,  and  for  the  last  three  years  practicing 
law,  until  January,  1877.  Beginning  the  practice  of  his  profes- 
sion in  1874,  in  1877  he  laid  aside  teaching,  and  for  the  last  thirty 
years  he  has  devoted  himself  exclusively  to  the  practice  of  his 
chosen  profession.  In  that  year  (1877),  he  formed  a  partnership 
with  the  late  Judge  I.  D.  Witherspoon,  which  was  dissolved  when 
Mr.  Witherspoon  was  elected  to  the  bench  in  1882. 

Mr.  Spencer  was  secretary  of  the  York  county  Democratic 
executive  committee  during  the  memorable  campaign  of  1876; 
and  for  several  years,  in  the  early  eighties,  he  was  a  member  of 
the  state  Democratic  executive  committee.  His  character  and  his 
devotion  to  his  profession  early  gave  him  the  confidence  of  his 
fellow-townsmen;  and  he  was  intendant  of  Yorkville  for  two 
years,  in  the  late  seventies.  Since  1900  he  has  been  a  trustee  of 
the  University  of  South  Carolina,  his  alma  mater.  He  is  a 
Presbyterian.  He  is  a  Knight  of  Pythias  and  a  Mason;  and  for 
several  years  he  was  the  chief  officer  of  the  Masonic  lodge  of 
Yorkville.  Since  the  reorganization  of  the  Yorkville  Loan  and 
Savings  bank,  in  1900,  Mr.  Spencer  has  been  a  director  of  that 
bank. 


tax  HEW  YOBS 

P0BLIC  LIBRARY 


,  LBNOX 


CHARLES   EDWARD    SPENCER  377 

In  April,  1873,  he  married  Miss  Sallie  H.  Clawson,  of  York- 
ville,  who  died  in  February,  1883.  Five  years  later,  in  December, 
1887,  he  married  Miss  Agnes  Currell  Moore,  of  Yorkville. 

Mr.  Spencer's  principal  law  office  (as  well  as  his  residence), 
is  at  Yorkvillej  South  Carolina;  but  he  is  also  a  member  of  the 
law  firm  of  Spencers  &  Dunlap,  of  Kock  Hill,  South  Carolina, 
where  his  son,  Charles  W.  F.  Spencer,  and  Walter  M.  Dunlap, 
are  the  resident  members  of  the  firm. 


LEROY  SPRINGS 

SPRINGS,  LEROY,  banker  and  merchant,  was  born  on 
Springfield  plantation,  near  Fort  Mill,  York  county,  South 
Carolina,  November  12,  1861.  His  parents  were  A.  Baxter 
and  Julia  B.  (Baxter)  Springs,  who  were  third  cousins.  His 
father  was  educated  for  the  law,  but  in  early  life  he  turned  his 
attention  to  planting  on  an  extensive  scale  and  also  became  largely 
interested  in  banking  and  in  railroad  affairs.  He  held  the  office 
of  president  of  one  railroad  and  was  a  director  in  two  other  roads, 
and  while  conscientiously  performing  the  duties  required  by  these 
positions  he  also  managed  his  plantation  with  intelligence,  care 
and  skill.  The  qualities  which  made  him  successful  in  private 
business  led  to  his  election  as  representative  and  later  as  senator 
in  the  legislature  of  South  Carolina  and  to  membership  in  the 
convention  which  passed  the  ordinance  of  secession.  As  a  man 
as  well  as  an  official  he  was  widely  known  and  greatly  esteemed 
for  his  high  aims  and  upright  life.  The  earliest  ancestors  on 
the  paternal  side  to  come  to  America  emigrated  from  Holland 
and  located  in  New  York  about  1700.  Later  they  removed  to 
Pennsylvania  and  to  Delaware.  Two  brothers  removed  from 
Delaware;  one  to  Mecklenburg  county,  North  Carolina,  and  the 
other  to  the  Panhandle  of  Lancaster  county,  South  Carolina. 
The  family  of  the  latter  did  much  to  build  up  the  town  of 
Charlotte,  where  many  of  his  descendants  now  reside.  On  the 
maternal  side  the  ancestors  came  from  Scotland,  settled  in  Penn- 
sylvania, removed  to  Mecklenburg  county,  North  Carolina,  and 
afterward  settled  in  Georgia,  in  the  country  tributary  to  Sparta, 
about  1810.  The  great-grandfathers  of  the  subject  of  this  sketch, 
on  both  sides,  were  officers  in  the  Revolutionary  army,  and  his 
grandfather  Baxter  was  an  able  and  distinguished  lawyer  and 
became  a  member  of  the  supreme  court  of  Georgia. 

Leroy  Springs  passed  his  early  life  in  the  country.  His 
health  was  good  and  his  tastes  and  interests  were  those  of  the 
average  boy  of  his  age  and  locality.  He  was  taught  to  be  indus- 
trious, and  even  when  quite  young  he  had  duties  to  perform 
before  and  after  school  hours,  and  as  he  grew  older  he  passed 


LEROY    SPRINGS  381 

his  vacations  working  the  farm  crops.  This  outdoor  work  main- 
tained his  health,  and  the  knowledge  of  practical  agriculture 
which  he  thus  obtained  he  considers  of  great  value.  His  education 
was  commenced  at  an  "old  field"  school  on  his  father's  plantation 
and  was  continued  there  until  he  was  thirteen  years  of  age. 
About  this  time  his  father  moved  to  Charlotte,  North  Carolina, 
and  there  the  son  attended  the  high  school  for  a  time  and  then 
entered  the  sophomore  class  in  the  University  of  North  Carolina. 
Here  he  remained  through  the  junior  year  and  then  went  into 
active  business  as  a  clerk  and  salesman  for  a  large  wholesale 
grocery  house  of  Charlotte.  In  January,  1884,  he  moved  to 
Lancaster,  South  Carolina,  and  opened  a  wholesale  and  retail 
mercantile  business  under  the  name  of  Leroy  Springs  &  Company. 
In  September,  1885,  this  business  was  merged  with  that  of  Heath 
Brothers  under  the  name  of  Heath,  Springs  &  Company,  and  at 
the  same  time,  and  by  the  same  men,  the  business  of  Springs, 
Heath  &  Company,  Camden,  South  Carolina,  was  organized.  The 
business  improved  from  year  to  year,  and  in  1888  Mr.  Springs 
bought  out  two  of  his  partners,  but  continued  the  business  under 
the  same  firm  name.  At  the  same  time  he  organized  the  Kershaw 
Banking  and  Mercantile  Company,  at  Kershaw,  South  Carolina, 
and  the  firm  of  Springs  &  Heath,  at  Heath  Springs,  South 
Carolina,  taking  J.  M.  Heath  into  partnership  with  him.  In 
1899  he  bought  out  J.  M.  Heath's  interest  in  all  these  firms  and 
incorporated  the  Lancaster  house  under  the  name  of  the  Lancaster 
Mercantile  Company,  the  Heath-Springs  house  under  the  name 
of  the  Springs  Banking  and  Mercantile  Company,  the  Kershaw 
house  under  the  name  of  the  Kershaw  Mercantile  and  Banking 
Company,  and  the  Camden  house  under  the  name  of  Springs  & 
Shannon,  associating  with  him  in  these  various  enterprises  several 
young  men  who  had  been  faithful  employees  for  years.  Mr. 
Springs  is  now  (1907)  at  the  head  of  these  institutions.  In 
addition  to  the  above,  the  following  named  corporations  were 
organized  by  him,  and,  largely  on  account  of  his  excellent  judg- 
ment and  wise  administration,  have  been  very  successful ;  in  1889 
the  Bank  of  Lancaster,  of  which  he  became  president;  and  in 
1896  the  Lancaster  Cotton  mills,  of  which  he  was  made  president. 
In  the  year  last  named  he  reorganized  and  became  president  of 
the  Lancaster  and  Chester  railway,  which  was  purchased  by 


Vol.   I— S.    C.— 18 


382  LEROY   SPRINGS 

himself  and  his  associates,  and  in  1904  the  Bank  of  Kershaw,  of 
which  he  also  became  president.  He  is  also  president  of  the 
following  named  corporations,  all  located  in  South  Carolina: 
The  Springstein  mills,  and  the  Eureka  Cotton  mills,  Chester; 
the  Millfort  Mill  company,  Fort  Mill;  the  Columbia  Compress 
company,  Columbia ;  the  Landsf ord  Water  Power  company,  Lan- 
caster. He  is  connected,  as  a  director,  with  the  following  named 
financial  institutions  in  the  same  state:  National  Loan  and 
Exchange  bank,  Columbia;  Exchange  bank,  Chester;  Bank  of 
Rock  Hill,  Rock  Hill;  Southern  Trust  company,  Spartanburg; 
Commercial  bank,  Camden;  Savings  bank,  Fort  Mill;  Peoples 
Bank  and  Trust  company,  Rock  Hill;  and  Bank  of  Fairfield, 
Winnsboro.  At  the  time  it  was  merged  with  the  Southern  rail- 
way he  was  a  director  of  the  Charlotte,  Columbia  and  Augusta 
railroad.  He  is  a  member  of  the  New  York  and  New  Orleans 
Cotton  exchanges,  and  a  trustee  of  the  Mutual  Life  Insurance 
company. 

Throughout  all  his  active  life  he  has  been  interested  in 
political  affairs  and  has  always  been  a  Democrat.  In  1888  and 
again  in  1904  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  National  Democratic 
convention,  and  at  the  one  last  named  he  was  a  member  of  the 
notification  committee.  He  served  for  four  years  on  the  staff  of 
the  late  Governor  John  P.  Richardson,  with  the  rank  of  colonel. 
Much  of  his  success  in  life  he  ascribes  to  the  influence  of  home 
and  early  companionship,  and  he  has  been  greatly  helped  by  the 
knowledge  of  human  nature  which  he  has  acquired  by  contact 
with  men  in  active  life.  His  religious  affiliation  is  with  the 
Presbyterian  church. 

Mr.  Springs  believes  that  the  best  suggestion  that  can  be 
made  to  young  Americans  in  the  direction  of  the  strengthening 
of  sound  ideals  in  our  American  life  is  the  formation  of  good 
habits,  strict  attention  to  all  business  responsibilities,  good  asso- 
ciates, strict  integrity,  and  honest  dealing,  and  setting  business 
before  pleasure.  His  ambition  in  life  is  to  make  a  success  of  his 
every  undertaking,  let  it  be  small  or  great.  He  believes  that 
South  Carolina  is  badly  in  need  of  a  compulsory  education  law 
and  of  good  public  roads  throughout  its  domain.  These  two 
things  he  considers  essential  to  the  prosperity  of  the  state  and 
the  development  of  a  higher  civilization. 


LEROY   SPRINGS  383 

On  December  28,  1892,  Mr.  Springs  was  married  to  Miss 
Grace  Allison  White,  daughter  of  Captain  Samuel  E.  White,  of 
Fort  Mill,  South  Carolina.  They  have  one  child,  Elliott  White 
Springs,  living  in  1907. 

The  address  of  Mr.  Springs  is  Lancaster,  South  Carolina. 


ALEXANDER  SPRUNT 

SPRUNT,  ALEXANDER,  D.  D.,  Presbyterian  clergyman, 
was  born  in  Glasgow,  Scotland,  July  10,  1852.  His  father, 
Alexander  Sprunt,  a  merchant,  whose  marked  character- 
istics were  rigid  exactness  and  faithfulness  to  every  trust 
committed  to  him,  came  from  Scotland  to  Wilmington,  North 
Carolina,  in  1853,  where  he  served  as  British  vice-consul.  His 
mother,  Jane  Dalziel  Sprunt,  was  a  woman  of  strong  intellect, 
high  morals,  and  great  piety,  and  to  a  great  extent  she  molded 
her  son's  character  after  her  own.  The  family  left  Wilmington 
in  1862  and  went  to  live  on  a  farm  in  Marion  county,  South 
Carolina,  where  they  remained  four  years.  Of  this,  the  hardest 
period  of  young  Alexander's  life,  he  says :  "Though  a  mere  child, 
I  plowed  many  a  day,  but  never  regretted  it  in  after  years." 

In  1866  the  family  returned  to  Wilmington  and  he  again 
entered  school.  In  1869  he  went  to  Upper  Canada  college, 
Toronto,  Canada.  He  returned  to  the  United  States  and  entered 
Davidson  college,  North  Carolina,  from  which  he  was  graduated 
A.  B.  in  June,  1875.  Later  he  took  a  course  at  Union  Theologi- 
cal seminary,  Hampden-Sidney,  Virginia,  graduating  in  1878. 
Davidson  college  conferred  the  degree  of  D.  D.  upon  him  in  1897, 

He  began  his  career  as  minister  in  Winchester,  Virginia,  in 
1878,  as  assistant  to  Reverend  H.  M.  White,  D.  D.,  pastor  of 
Loudon  Street  Presbyterian  church ;  the  following  year  he  became 
pastor  of  Augusta  church,  Augusta  county,  Virginia,  where  he 
remained  until  1885,  when  he  went  to  Henderson,  North  Carolina, 
to  take  charge  of  the  Presbyterian  church,  remaining  there  until 
1891.  In  1891-92  he  was  superintendent  of  evangelistic  labor  in 
the  synod  of  North  Carolina ;  in  1892  he  was  the  stated  supply  of 
the  First  Presbyterian  church,  Memphis,  Tennessee,  and  from 
1892  to  1901  he  was  pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  church, 
Rock  Hill,  South  Carolina.  In  the  year  last  named  he  became 
pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  church,  Charleston,  South  Caro- 
lina, which  position  he  still  (1907)  retains. 

Doctor  Sprunt  thinks  the  most  potent  influences  in  his  life 
have  been  his  home  and  his  contact  with  men  leading  active  lives~ 


ALEXANDER   SPRTJNT  387 

He  finds  his  most  enjoyable  and  healthful  relaxation  in  athletics, 
for  which  he  acquired  a  love  during  his  college  days. 

As  so  frequently  occurs,  "circumstances  over  which  he  had 
no  control,"  and  not  himself,  chose  his  profession,  but  he  is 
composed  of  the  stuff  of  which  successful  ministers  of  the  Gospel 
are  made.  His  faith  is  of  the  same  sturdy  and  uncompromising 
kind  that  enabled  the  original  Scotch  Covenanters,  among  whom 
some  of  his  ancestors  may  have  been,  in  spite  of  the  most  bitter 
persecution,  to  uphold  their  church  and  increase  its  membership. 
He  is  what  has  been  aptly  called  a  "Bible-preacher,"  which  means 
that  he  seeks  inspiration  for  his  sermons  in  the  Scriptures  rather 
than  in  sensational  newspapers.  Charleston  is  proud  of  him, 
both  as  a  citizen  and  as  a  minister.  No  movement  for  the  better- 
ment of  the  city  or  any  class  of  its  people  ever  asks  in  vain  for 
his  moral  support  or  his  active  personal  assistance. 

He  was  married  to  Ellen  Richardson  Peck,  second  daughter 
of  the  late  Reverend  T.  E.  Peck,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  of  Union 
Theological  seminary,  in  Virginia,  April  30,  1879.  They  have 
had  six  children,  five  of  whom  are  now  (1907)  living. 

His  address  is  Charleston,  South  Carolina. 


JAMES  STAGKHOUSE 

STACKHOUSE,  JAMES,  son  of  E.  T.  and  Anna  E.  Fore 
Stackhouse,  was  born  January  17,  1849,  near  the  town  of 
Marion,  Marion  county,  South  Carolina.  His  father  was 
a  farmer,  and  a  member  of  the  house  of  representatives  from 
Marion  county.  He  was  characterized  by  great  energy  and  firm- 
ness of  character. 

The  earliest  known  ancestors  of  the  family  in  America  were 
Herod  and  Isaac  Stackhouse,  from  Pennsylvania,  whose  ancestors 
came  from  Glasgow,  Scotland.  One  of  the  later  members,  E.  T. 
Stackhouse,  was  distinguished  as  a  planter,  and  as  a  soldier  in 
the  Confederate  army. 

James  Stackhouse  was  brought  up  in  the  country,  where, 
among  wholesome  surroundings,  he  laid  the  foundation  of  sound 
physical  health.  Reared  on  a  farm,  he  was  trained  to  do  all 
kinds  of  farm  work.  His  habits  were  regular,  and  to  these,  thus 
early  formed,  he  attributes  the  physical  vigor  which  has  blessed 
him  through  life.  In  addition,  he  was  the  son  of  a  noble  mother, 
whose  influence  upon  him  was  all  that  a  mother's  influence  could 
be.  The  War  between  the  States  interfered  materially  with  his 
early  education,  inasmuch  as  it  prevented  his  father  from  sending 
him  to  school.  He  found  it  possible,  nevertheless,  to  attend  the 
common  county  schools,  from  which,  alone,  his  schooling  was 
obtained.  His  active  life  work  was  begun  as  a  clerk  for  J.  W. 
Dillon  &  Son  in  their  store  at  Little  Rock,  South  Carolina.  For 
a  time  he  engaged  in  mercantile  business  on  his  own  account ;  but 
during  the  past  twenty-five  years  he  has  dealt  in  live  stock  and 
agricultural  implements.  For  two  terms,  1876  to  1880,  he  was 
mayor  of  Marion,  and  in  1900  he  was  elected  to  the  state  senate; 
in  1904  he  was  reflected  to  this  office.  He  was  elected  chairman 
of  the  Marion  county  Democracy,  1902,  1904  and  1906,  which 
position  he  now  holds. 

In  1865  Mr.  Stackhouse  belonged  to  a  battalion  of  Citadel 
cadets,  but  was  paroled  in  the  following  April.  He  is  a  Mason, 
a  member  of  the  Blue  Lodge,  of  the  Chapter  and  Commandery, 
and  is  also  a  Shriner.  He  declares  his  political  faith  in  the 


LIBRARY 


JAMES    STACKHOTJSE  391 

laconic  but  expressive  phrase  of  the  statesman  from  New  York, 
"I  am  a  Democrat."     In  religion  he  is  a  Methodist. 

On  June  8,  1871,  Mr.  Stackhouse  married  Florence  E. 
McAlister.  Of  the  eight  children  born  of  this  marriage,  six  are 
now  (1907)  living. 

His  address  is  107  South  Main  street,  Marion,  South  Caro- 
lina. 


J.  THEODUS  STONE 

STONE,  J.  THEODUS,  of  Honea  Path,  Anderson  county, 
South  Carolina,  member  of  the  board  of  aldermen  of  his 
town,  and  secretary  and  manager  of  the  Honea  Path 
Lumber  company,  was  born  in  Anderson  county,  South  Carolina, 
on  the  1st  of  August,  1868.  His  father,  Laban  M.  Stone,  was 
an  industrious  farmer  descended  from  English  immigrants  to 
South  Carolina.  His  mother,  Mrs.  Luany  (Martin)  Stone,  was 
of  Irish  descent.  Born  on  a  farm  and  passing  through  a  healthy 
and  happy  boyhood,  in  which  he  describes  himself  as  "strong  and 
ready  for  mischief,"  he  worked  upon  a  farm  until  he  was  twenty 
years  old,  being  accustomed  from  his  boyhood  to  systematic  daily 
labor,  and  early  counting  as  a  regular  "hand"  in  the  farm  work. 
During  a  part  of  each  year  he  attended  the  country  schools  which 
were  within  his  reach. 

From  his  early  boyhood  he  had  been  fond  of  "making  useful 
things  with  his  hands,  and  attempting  to  build  things."  This 
inclination  toward  building  led  to  the  choice  of  a  life  work,  and 
in  early  manhood  he  became  a  contractor  and  builder. 

Among  the  more  important  buildings  which  he  has  con- 
structed, he  names  the  Brogan  mills  at  Anderson,  South  Carolina, 
whose  building  in  1903  he  superintended;  and  he  has  erected 
many  other  buildings  in  Anderson  and  in  different  parts  of  the 
county. 

He  has  interested  himself  for  some  years  in  lumberingj  and 
since  its  organization,  in  September,  1904,  Mr.  Stone  has  been 
secretary  and  manager  of  the  Honea  Path  Lumber  company. 

He  is  a  Woodman  of  the  World,  and  a  Mason.  He  belongs 
to  the  Democratic  party. 

On  September  1,  1887,  Mr.  Stone  married  Miss  Celestine 
Lena  Strickland,  daughter  of  M.  S.  and  Ebbie  Strickland,  of 
Anderson  county.  They  have  had  five  children,  four  of  whom 
are  living  in  1907. 

Mr.  Stone  offers  to  the  young  people  of  South  Carolina  as 
two  most  important  suggestions  if  they  would  win  true  success 


J.    THEODUS    STONE  393 

in  life:  "Be  strictly  honest,  fulfil  every  promise  made;  select 
early  some  profession  or  trade,  learn  it  thoroughly,  and  follow 
it  earnestly ;  do  not  be  changing  from  one  occupation  to  another." 
His  address  is  Honea  Path,  Anderson  county,  South  Caro- 
lina. 


T 


THOMAS  TALBIRD 

AALBIRD,  THOMAS,  attorney-at-law,  for  several  years 
attorney  for  the  county  commissioner,  for  two  terms  judge 
of  probate,  and  from  1897  to  1905  state  senator  from 
Beaufort  county,  South  Carolina,  resides  at  Beaufort,  where  he 
was  born  on  the  3d  of  July,  1855.  His  father,  Franklin  Talbird, 
was  an  architect  and  builder  who  volunteered  at  the  outbreak  of 
the  War  between  the  States,  enlisting  in  the  Beaufort  Volunteer 
artillery,  and  had  charge  of  the  "hot-shot"  battery  in  the  fight  of 
Port  Royal  entrance,  in  Fort  Beauregard,  against  the  Federal 
fleet.  After  two  years  of  active  service  in  the  artillery  he  was 
employed  in  the  war  department  at  Columbia.  Marked  ability, 
a  high  sense  of  honor,  and  yet  a  retiring  disposition,  seem  to  his 
son  to  have  been  his  leading  characteristics.  He  had  married 
Miss  Joanna  M.  O'Grady.  The  earliest  American  ancestor  of  the 
Talbirds  was  Henry  Talbird,  who  came  from  Ireland  to  Charles- 
ton, South  Carolina,  early  in  the  eighteenth  century,  and  soon 
removed  to  Beaufort  county.  His  son,  Thomas  Talbird,  great- 
grandfather of  the  subject  of  this  sketch,  was  a  captain  in  the 
Continental  army  in  the  Revolutionary  war. 

At  the  outbreak  of  the  war,  when  he  was  a  boy  of  but  six 
years,  he  left  Beaufort  with  his  father's  family  and  took  refuge 
at  Chick  Springs,  Greenville  county,  upon  an  estate  in  which  his 
father  then  owned  a  half  interest.  Here  the  family  remained 
while  the  father  served  in  the  army  during  the  war.  In  1865 
they  returned  to  Beaufort,  where  Thomas  Talbird  has  since 
resided. 

The  disturbances  which  attended  and  followed  the  war  had 
most  seriously  hampered  his  father's  property;  and  he  had  to 
encounter  such  difficulties  as  stood  in  the  way  of  a  liberal  educa- 
tion for  most  boys  of  his  years  in  the  decade  which  followed  the 
war.  But  he  was  able  to  complete  his  preparation  for  Washington 
and  Lee  university,  at  Lexington,  Virginia,  and  after  two  years 
passed  in  the  study  of  the  law  he  was  graduated  with  the  degree 
of  LL.  B.  in  1879.  He  at  once  began  practice  as  an  attorney  at 
Beaufort,  South  Carolina.  His  early  inclinations  would  have 
led  him  to  qualify  for  the  work  of  a  civil  engineer;  but  the 


THOMAS    TALBIRD  395 

strong  desire  of  his  mother  that  her  son  should  be  a  lawyer,  he 
writes,  "influenced  me  more  than  anything  else  in  the  choice  of 
my  profession.  Home  influence  was  the  strongest  in  my  life; 
school  and  college,  private  study,  and  contact  with  men  engaged 
in  the  active  affairs  of  life  ranked  after  home  influence  with  me." 

Continuing  to  reside  at  Beaufort  in  the  practice  of  his  chosen 
profession,  he  served  for  several  years  as  attorney  for  the  county 
commissioner,  and  also  as  attorney  for  the  town  of  Beaufort.  A 
Democrat  in  his  political  convictions  and  relations,  he  has  always 
voted  for  the  candidates  and  measures  of  his  party;  and  he  has 
served  for  several  years  as  chairman  of  the  Democratic  county 
committee.  He  was  judge  of  probate  for  Beaufort  county  for  two 
terms,  from  1897  to  1905.  In  1897  he  was  elected  state  senator 
from  Beaufort  county;  and  in  1901  he  was  reflected.  Thus  for 
eight  consecutive  years  he  served  his  county  in  the  state  legis- 
lature, interesting  himself  actively  in  all  measures  for  the 
improvement  of  the  schools,  the  enlarging  of  the  manufacturing 
interests  and  the  bettering  of  the  social  conditions  of  the  people 
of  his  state.  In  1900  he  was  a  delegate  to  the  National  Demo- 
cratic convention  at  Kansas  City,  which  renominated  Mr.  Bryan 
for  president. 

Mr.  Talbird  served  as  captain  of  the  Beaufort  Volunteer 
artillery  for  several  years,  from  1888  to  1895. 

He  was  married  to  Miss  Josephine  J.  Canter,  daughter  of 
William  Canter,  of  Nice,  France,  on  the  28th  of  June,  1888. 
Mrs.  Talbird  died  in  1893,  leaving  two  daughters,  both  of  whom 
are  living  in  1907.  Mr.  Talbird  has  not  married  again.  He  is  a 
member  of  the  Roman  Catholic  church.  Asked  for  his  "favorite 
sport,  amusement,  or  form  of  exercise,"  he  writes :  "I  find  more 
pleasure  in  general  reading  than  in  anything  else." 

Mr.  Talbird,  as  a  stimulus  to  his  young  friends  and  to  the 
young  people  of  South  Carolina  in  general,  commends  these 
virtues:  "Sterling  integrity,  faithfulness  and  fearlessness  in  the 
performance  of  duty,  loyalty  to  country  and  to  friends,  and  a 
lively  faith  in  the  justice  of  God." 


T 


JAMES  HENLEY  THORNWELL 

AHORNWELL,  JAMES  HENLEY,  D.  D.,  Presbyterian 
clergyman,  lawyer,  educator  and  soldier,  was  born  May 
13,  1846,  in  Columbia,  Richland  county,  South  Carolina. 
His  father,  Reverend  James  H.  Thornwell,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  Pres- 
byterian clergyman  and  educator,  president  of  South  Carolina 
college,  professor  of  theology  in  Columbia  Theological  seminary 
and  pastor  of  the  First  Presbyterian  church,  Columbia,  was  a 
many-sided  man,  distinguished  as  a  student,  an  orator,  a  philos- 
opher, a  teacher,  a  preacher  and  a  theologian ;  his  mother,  Nancy 
White  (Witherspoon)  Thornwell,  a  talented  woman  of  the  highest 
character  and  ideals,  was  a  powerful  and  lasting  influence  on  all 
sides  of  his  life.  His  blood  is  Welsh  and  Scotch ;  the  Thornwells 
came  from  Wales,  and  the  Witherspoons,  who  can  trace  their 
ancestry  to  King  Robert,  "The  Bruce,"  came  from  Scotland. 
The  founder  of  the  American  branch  of  the  family,  his  triple 
great-grandfather,  John  Witherspoon,  born  in  1670,  in  Scotland, 
settled  in  Kingstree,  South  Carolina,  in  1734;  his  great-grand- 
father, Captain  James  H.  Witherspoon,  commanded  a  company 
in  the  War  of  the  Revolution  and  fought  so  well  that  he  was 
commended  by  General  Marion  for  gallantry  in  action;  his 
grandfather,  Colonel  James  H.  Witherspoon,  was  lieutenant- 
governor  of  South  Carolina  in  1826,  and  his  uncle,  Colonel  J.  H. 
Witherspoon,  was  a  prominent  member  of  the  Confederate  States 
congress. 

He  was  reared  in  the  city  of  his  birth.  He  was  rather  frail 
and  delicate,  fond  of  reading  and  filled  with  an  intense  love  for 
his  state  and  the  South.  At  the  breaking  out  of  the  War  between 
the  States  he  was  only  a  boy,  but  he  simply  could  not  be  kept 
out  of  the  Confederate  army;  he  was  a  lieutenant  at  sixteen, 
one  of  the  youngest,  if  not  the  youngest,  commissioned  officers 
in  either  army,  and  served  most  creditably  as  such  until  the 
surrender  of  Smithfield,  North  Carolina,  where  he  was  doing 
duty. 

He  received  his  primary  and  preparatory  education  from 
some  of  the  best  instructors  in  Columbia,  Professors  Ford  and 
Brumby,  J.  W.  Davidson,  and  Boyd  and  Stuart;  then  went  to 


JAMES    HENLEY   THORNWELL  397 

South  Carolina  college;  studied  law,  was  admitted  to  the  bar, 
and  in  1869  began  the  practice  of  law.  Though  the  law  had  been 
his  own  personal  choice  for  a  profession,  after  a  year  or  two  of 
practice  as  good  as  a  young  lawyer  could  expect,  he  decided  to 
abandon  it,  follow  in  his  father's  footsteps,  and  become  a  Pres- 
byterian minister.  In  1871  he  entered  Columbia  Theological 
seminary.  He  completed  the  prescribed  course  in  1874,  and  was 
ordained  a  minister.  Davidson  college,  North  Carolina,  and  the 
Presbyterian  college  of  South  Carolina,  conferred  upon  him  the 
honorary  degree  of  D.  D.  in  1889. 

His  first  charge  was  the  Poplar  Tent  Presbyterian  church, 
near  Concord,  North  Carolina,  and  he  has  had  the  churches  of 
Fort  Mill  and  Ebenezer  since  1882.  From  1902  to  1905  he  was 
the  chancellor  of  the  Presbyterian  college  of  South  Carolina,  at 
Clinton,  a  position  he  filled  with  credit  to  himself  and  profit  to 
the  college.  In  the  performance  of  its  duties  he  found  his 
experience  as  a  lawyer  useful. 

Looking  back  over  his  career,  he  has  regretfully  expressed 
the  opinion  that  timidity  and  lack  of  self-confidence  have  kept 
him  from  doing  his  full  share  in  the  work  of  life.  The  books 
in  general  literature  that  helped  him  most  when  fitting  himself 
for  his  life  work  were  Bunyan's  Pilgrim's  Progress,  and  the 
writings  of  Moody,  and  standard  novels.  He  is  a  Mason;  a 
member  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias,  of  which  he  has  been  grand 
keeper  of  records  and  seals,  and  of  the  Woodmen  of  the  World. 
In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat. 

On  October  26,  1869,  he  married  Florence  Earle,  daughter 
of  Elias  and  Harriet  Earle.  Ten  children  have  been  born  to 
them,  of  whom  nine  are  now  (1907)  living. 

His  address  is  Confederate  street,  Fort  Mill,  South  Carolina. 


BENJAMIN  RYAN  TILLMAN 

TILLMAN,  BENJAMIN  KYAN,  industrial,  educational, 
and  political  reformer,  and  statesman,  was  born  at  Edge- 
field,  South  Carolina,  August  11, 1847.  He  is  the  youngest 
of  eleven  children  and  the  son  of  Benjamin  Ryan  Tillman  and 
Sophia  Ann  (Hancock)  Tillman.  His  father  was  a  farmer,  a  man 
of  bright  mind  and  nervous  temperament,  and  a  great  reader; 
he  died  when  his  son  and  namesake  was  but  two  years  of  age. 

Mr.  Tillman's  ancestors,  both  paternal  and  maternal,  came 
to  South  Carolina  from  Virginia  before  the  Revolution.  The 
paternal  ancestors  were  German  and  Irish ;  the  maternal,  English. 

As  a  boy,  young  Tillman  was  strong  and  healthy.  He  early 
developed  a  taste  for  good  reading  and  was  fond  of  all  outdoor 
sports.  His  early  life  was  passed  in  the  country.  Brought  up 
on  a  plantation  of  eighty  slaves,  he  worked,  as  did  other  Southern 
boys  similarly  placed,  only  when  he  pleased.  The  striking  traits 
which  have  characterized  this  remarkable  man  are  to  be  traced 
primarily  to  the  influence  of  his  mother.  She  was  a  woman  of 
phenomenal  strength;  mentally,  morally  and  physically,  and,  in 
every  way  and  for  good,  she  impressed  herself  powerfully  upon 
her  son.  All  he  is,  he  attributes  to  his  mother  and  his  wife. 

The  son's  schooling  was  obtained  at  Bethany  academy,  under 
George  Galphin.  Much  of  his  early  education  was  received  from 
reading.  He  had  access  to  a  good  library,  and  from  it  drew  at 
will.  He  read  voraciously  and  omnivorously,  especially  works 
of  fiction  and  poetry. 

Mr.  Tillman's  active  life  began  in  1866,  when  he  assumed 
the  management  of  his  mother's  farm  at  Edgefield,  South  Caro- 
lina. Shortly  after  she  bought  a  farm  in  Florida,  to  which  her 
son  removed  in  1867 ;  he  was  married  the  following  year,  but  the 
climate  disagreed  with  him ;  his  health  failed,  and  he  returned  to 
the  South  Carolina  farm,  and  continued  on  it  until  the  evolution 
of  conditions  in  his  state  forced  him,  contrary  to  all  his  previous 
expectations,  tastes,  and  ambitions,  into  politics.  The  Rubicon 
once  crossed,  however,  he  has  continued  uninterruptedly  in  this 
absorbing  pursuit  until  the  present  time  (1907). 


BENJAMIN    RYAN    TILLMAN  401 

Before  entering  politics,  Mr.  Tillman  was  devoted  to  the 
peaceful  pursuit  of  agriculture,  a  work  which,  though  entered 
upon  from  necessity,  he  has  always  loved.  In  this,  however,  he 
saw  more  than  mere  individual  sowing  and  reaping.  Farming 
in  the  South  he  recognized  to  be  in  a  backward  condition,  and  he 
set  himself  to  solve  the  problem  of  its  redemption.  The  solution, 
he  finally  decided,  lay  in  education,  but  of  a  different  sort  from 
that  which  consists  chiefly  in  second-hand  knowledge  of  dead 
languages  and  in  abstract  studies  in  general.  He  became  con- 
vinced that  the  farmer  boy  should  be  taught  to  farm.  This 
necessitated  a  school  providing  facilities,  it  is  true,  for  general 
culture,  but  focusing  its  energies  upon  the  work  of  preparing 
young  people  to  live  normal  lives  in  the  country  and  extract  their 
livings  from  the  soil.  This  conviction  once  formed,  Mr.  Tillman 
started  an  agitation  for  the  establishment  of  an  agricultural 
college  in  South  Carolina,  a  work  greatly  facilitated  by  the 
passage  of  the  Morrill  Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College  Act 
of  1862  by  the  national  congress.  Mr.  Tillman's  efforts  culmi- 
nated in  the  establishment  of  the  Clemson  Agricultural  and 
Mechanical  college,  at  Calhoun's  old  home,  "Fort  Hill." 

The  demand  for  educational  reform  now  broadened  into  a 
demand  for  other  changes  in  state  affairs.  The  conditions  which 
in  the  West  and  South  developed  the  Farmers  Alliance  and 
Peoples  Party  were  present  in  South  Carolina.  Mr.  Tillman 
became  a  leader  of  what  was  called  the  "farmers  movement"  in 
his  state.  In  1890  he  became  a  candidate  for  governor.  After 
an  exciting  and  heated  canvass,  he  received  the  nomination  in 
the  Democratic  convention  bv  a  vote  of  270  to  50  cast  for  his 

t/ 

opponent,  and  was  elected  in  the  following  November.  This  was 
his  first  political  office.  In  1892,  before  the  expiration  of  his  first 
term,  he  was  reflected  by  an  overwhelming  vote. 

Governor  Tillman's  administration  was  especially  signalized 
by  the  passage  of  the  dispensary  law  for  the  control  of  the  liquor 
traffic  by  the  state. 

The  success  of  Clemson  college,  exclusively  for  men,  created 
a  demand  and  prepared  the  way  for  the  establishment  of  an 
institution  on  similar  lines  for  women.  This  demand  was  vigor- 
ously voiced  and  its  supply  made  possible  by  the  action  of 
Governor  Tillman ;  the  result  being  the  establishment  in  1891  of 
the  Winthrop  Normal  and  Industrial  college  for  women,  also  at 


402  BENJAMIN   RYAN    TILLMAN 

Rock  Hill.  This  institution  now  bids  fair  to  lead  all  similar 
schools.  In  1894,  Governor  Tillman  entered  the  race  for  United 
States  senator  against  General  M.  C.  Butler.  The  choice  was 
referred  to  the  people  of  the  state.  The  two  candidates  canvassed 
the  state,  county  by  county,  and  presented  to  throngs  of  listeners 
their  respective  views  of  public  policy.  The  result  of  this 
campaign  was  the  election  of  Governor  Tillman  by  the  state 
legislature  by  a  vote  of  one  hundred  and  thirty-one  to  twenty-one 
for  his  opponent.  In  1901  he  was  reflected,  no  one  opposing  him. 

The  independence  which  through  life  has  characterized  him, 
Mr.  Tillman  displayed  as  United  States  senator  against  the 
national  administration,  although  it  represented  the  party  to 
which  he  belonged.  Some  of  President  Cleveland's  policies 
clashed  with  the  Senator's  conception  of  the  public  good,  a  fact 
to  which  he  gave  utterance  in  the  senate  chamber  in  no  uncertain 
tones.  In  consequence  he  became  a  leader  of  the  independent 
wing  of  the  Democracy,  which  repudiated  the  Cleveland  admin- 
istration, and,  at  the  Chicago  convention  of  1896,  adopted  the 
famous  Chicago  platform  and  nominated  William  Jennings 
Bryan  for  president.  Senator  Tillman,  who  had  participated  in 
the  national  Democratic  convention  of  1892,  was  a  prominent 
factor  in  the  convention  of  1896,  and  an  active  campaigner  in 
the  subsequent  contest.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  national 
Democratic  convention  in  1900,  which  met  at  Kansas  City  and 
renominated  Bryan;  and  again  he  participated  actively  in  the 
campaign,  speaking  in  various  states.  In  1904  he  was  a  delegate 
to  the  St.  Louis  convention,  which  nominated  Alton  B.  Parker 
for  president.  The  celebrated  "gold  telegram"  sent  by  the 
candidate  immediately  following  his  nomination  at  first  aroused 
Senator  Tillman's  vigorous  resentment,  but,  after  consideration, 
he  accepted  the  situation  and  was  selected  by  his  fellow -delegates 
to  pour  oil  upon  the  troubled  waters  of  the  convention,  an  act 
which  he  performed  with  singular  tact.  He  also  campaigned  for 
Parker  as  he  had  done  for  Bryan. 

Mr.  Tillman  is  a  staunch  believer  in  the  doctrine  of  white 
supremacy,  and  is  one  of  its  leading  champions.  He  encouraged 
the  suppression  of  the  negro  vote  and  promoted  the  calling  of 
South  Carolina's  State  Constitutional  convention  in  1895.  This 
convention,  strongly  representative  of  his  views,  drafted  the 
constitutional  amendment  under  which,  since  that  date,  by  means 


BENJAMIN    RYAN    TILLMAN  403 

of  educational  or  property  qualifications,  the  large  numerical 
negro  majority  is  controlled  by  law.  In  1903,  Senator  Tillman, 
in  company  with  Senator  Burton,  of  Kansas,  traversed  several 
states  discussing  the  question  of  negro  disfranchisement,  Senator 
Tillman  advocating  the  repeal  of  the  fifteenth  amendment  of  the 
national  constitution. 

Senator  Tillman  was  the  first  prominent  man  in  the  South 
to  give  voice  to  the  doctrine  of  white  supremacy  on  the  floor  of 
the  senate.  In  a  speech  of  five  hours,  in  February,  1903,  he 
challenged  the  Republican  view  of  the  negro  with  such  an  array 
of  facts  and  force  of  argument  that  no  one  even  tried  to  answer, 
and  frequently,  before  and  after,  he  in  short  speeches  dwelt  on 
the  subject  in  connection  with  our  policy  in  the  Philippines.  His 
speech  in  the  senate  is  considered  his  masterpiece.  Not  only 
has  Mr.  Tillman  been  a  conspicuous  figure  in  the  United  States 
senate,  to  which  he  was  reflected  for  the  full  term  of  six  years 
by  the  South  Carolina  legislature  in  January,  1907,  but  he  has 
also  attained  considerable  distinction  as  a  platform  lecturer. 
During  the  present  (1907)  recess  of  congress,  as  in  several  pre- 
vious years,  he  has  discussed  the  race  question  in  many  and  widely 
separated  localities.  He  has  commanded  the  attention  and  held 
the  interest  of  a  multitude  of  hearers,  but  his  views  have  been 
too  extreme  to  be  accepted  by  the  great  majority  of  conservative 
people  in  his  native  state  or  in  the  country  at  large. 

Senator  Tillman  has  also  seen  military  service,  having  been 
private,  lieutenant  and  captain  in  the  militia  fourteen  years. 
His  chief  relaxation  is  the  culture  of  flowers. 

Senator  Tillman's  advice  to  young  Americans  is  to  be  in 
earnest ;  to  be  willing  to  work  and  to  stick  to  it ;  to  learn  to  speak 
the  truth  and  practice  no  guile;  to  deal  honestly  with  all  men, 
and  to  live  soberly  and  simply. 

Senator  Tillman  was  married,  January  8,  1868,  to  Sallie 
Starke,  of  Elbert  county,  Georgia.  They  have  had  seven  chil- 
dren, five  of  whom  are  living  in  1907. 

His  address  is  Trenton,  Edgefield  county,  South  Carolina. 


VoL   I— S.    C.— 19 


T 


DANIEL  ALEXANDER  TOWNSEND 

TOWNSEND,  DANIEL  ALEXANDER,  was  born  July 
19,  1837,  in  Robeson  county,  North  Carolina.  He  is  the 
son  of  Jacob  Rhodes  and  Sophronia  Buie  Townsend. 
His  father  was  a  farmer,  characterized  by  honesty  and  good, 
hard  sense. 

Daniel  Townsend's  health  in  early  life  was  good.  This  was 
fortunate,  for  his  youth  was  one  of  unremitting  toil,  unvaried  by 
the  sports  and  pastimes  which  render  the  lives  of  many  boys 
joyous  and  glad.  This  labor  was  performed  on  a  farm,  side  by 
side  with  the  negro  hands;  and  so  continuously  that,  to  the  boy, 
hard  work  appeared  to  be  the  natural  and  inevitable  lot  of  youth. 

The  influence  of  his  mother  upon  the  development  of  his 
higher  nature  was  helpful.  No  serious  difficulties  were  encountered 
by  him  in  securing  the  rudiments  of  an  education.  He  attended 
the  county  schools,  and,  July  15,  1858,  was  graduated  from 
Davidson  college  with  first  honors  and  the  degree  of  A.  B.  His 
choice  of  occupation  was  determined  in  part  by  the  wishes  of  his 
parents,  but  more,  doubtless,  by  necessity.  His  serious  life  work 
was  begun  as  a  teacher  in  the  schools  of  Marlboro  county  in 
1856.  He  pursued  this  calling  in  Marlboro  county  in  1859-60-61. 
For  a  time  his  work  as  a  teacher  was  interrupted  by  the  call  to 
arms.  During  the  early  part  of  the  war  he  served  in  the  infantry 
in  the  Confederate  army.  When  the  war  was  ended  he  returned 
to  the  schoolroom,  teaching  in  Marion,  South  Carolina,  from  1865 
to  1870.  From  1876  to  1878  he  was  county  school  superintendent, 
and  from  1882  to  1885  mayor  of  Union,  South  Carolina.  On 
December  4, 1890,  Mr.  Townsend  was  appointed  assistant  attorney- 
general  by  the  then  attorney-general,  Y.  J.  Pope,  now  Chief 
Justice  Pope  of  the  supreme  court  of  South  Carolina.  In  Decem- 
ber, 1891,  he  was  reappointed  assistant  attorney-general  by  the 
then  attorney-general,  John  L.  McLaurin.  In  December,  1892, 
he  was  elected  attorney- general  of  South  Carolina,  and  filled  this 
high  position  so  acceptably  that  on  December  11,  1893,  he  was 
elected  by  the  general  assembly  of  South  Carolina  judge  of  the 
seventh  judicial  district  for  four  years,  beginning  December  15, 


DANIEL   ALEXANDER   TOWNSEND  405 

1893.     In  this  work  his  record  was  so  acceptable  that  he  was 
reflected  until  he  had  served  three  terms. 

Judge  Townsend  is  a  charter  member  of  the  Beta  Theta  Pi 
college  fraternity.  In  politics  he  is  an  unchanging  Democrat. 
In  religion  he  is  a  Methodist. 

The  severe  experience  of  his  boyhood  but  foreshadowed  the 
subsequent  history  of  Judge  Townsend.  Amusement,  relaxation, 
rest  and  recreation,  have  found  no  place  in  his  life;  for,  year  in 
and  year  out,  the  task  master  of  toil  has  driven  him  like  the 
galley  slave  at  the  oar.  Fortunately,  he  has  not  fallen  short  of 
his  expectations.  To  the  young  he  commends  sobriety,  honesty, 
and  steady  work.  He  possesses  all  the  qualifications  of  a  judge. 
Not  only  is  he  well  versed  and  learned  in  the  law,  but  he  knows 
how  to  apply  it,  always  taking  care  of  the  unprotected.  He  is 
honest  and  upright  in  all  his  dealings  with  his  fellow-men. 

On  November  4,  1864,  Judge  Townsend  married  Sallie  Belle 
Douglass,  daughter  of  Doctor  George  Douglass.  Of  their  three 
children,  two  are  now  (1907)  living. 

The  address  of  Judge  Townsend  is  Mountain  street,  Union, 
South  Carolina. 


CARLOS  GHANDOS  TRACY 

TRACY,  CARLOS  CHANDOS,  of  Walterboro,  Colleton 
county,  South  Carolina,  intendant  of  Walterboro  from 
1880  to  1884,  school  commissioner  of  Colleton  county 
from  1885  to  1888,  and  one  of  the  presidential  electors  of  South 
Carolina  in  1892,  was  born  at  Grahamville,  Beaufort  county, 
South  Carolina,  on  the  27th  of  January,  1856.  His  father, 
Clemm  C.  Tracy,  was  a  lawyer,  who  married  Miss  Emma  H. 
Parker,  daughter  of  H.  M.  Parker,  of  St.  Luke's  parish,  Beaufort 
district.  The  earliest  known  American  ancestor  of  the  family 
was  Lieutenant  Thomas  Tracy,  who  came  from  England  in  1679 
and  settled  at  Norwich,  Connecticut.  Judge  Thomas  Heyward, 
one  of  the  signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  who  had 
been  educated  at  Temple  Inn,  London,  was  his  maternal  great- 
grandfather. His  mother  also  numbers  among  her  ancestors 
Arthur  Middleton. 

As  a  boy  he  was  feeble  in  health ;  and  since  he  was  thus  cut 
off  from  many  of  the  active  enjoyments  of  boyhood,  perhaps  his 
natural  love  of  reading  and  books  became  more  intense  by  reason 
of  his  poor  health.  His  early  years  were  divided  between  life 
in  the  country  and  in  a  village.  His  mother  died  when  he  was 
but  eleven.  Her  influence  had  been  strong  in  shaping  his  intel- 
lectual life.  The  circumstances  of  his  father  were  such  as  to 
make  easy  for  him  the  way  to  good  preparatory  schools  and  to 
college.  He  began  his  preparation  for  college  at  Mt.  Zion  insti- 
tute, Winnsboro.  He  entered  Washington  and  Lee  university,  at 
Lexington,  Virginia,  but  he  did  not  complete  the  course  of  study 
for  a  degree. 

He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  February,  1875,  by  especial 
act.  He  began  his  active  work  as  a  man  by  serving  as  an 
organizer  of  Democratic  clubs  in  1876.  In  1880  he  was  chosen 
intendant  of  Walterboro,  and  he  filled  that  position  until  1884. 
In  1885  he  was  made  school  commissioner  for  Colleton  county, 
serving  in  that  capacity  for  three  years.  He  had  been  secretary 
of  the  Democratic  executive  committee  of  his  county  from  1878 
to  1882.  He  was  made  one  of  the  presidential  electors  of  South 
Carolina  for  the  Democratic  party  in  the  campaign  of  1892.  He 


CARLOS    CHANDOS    TRACY  407 

has  represented  his  party  in  several  state  conventions.  He  served 
as  supervisor  of  registration  for  Colleton  county  from  1892  to 
1903.  From  1878  to  1880  he  was  captain  of  a  troop  of  cavalry  in 
the  state  militia. 

Mr.  Tracy  is  a  Knight  of  Honor.  In  politics  he  is  a  Demo- 
crat; and  he  uniformly  supports  the  platform  and  the  nominees 
of  his  party.  By  religious  conviction  he  is  a  communicant  of  the 
Protestant  Episcopal  church.  His  favorite  form  of  amusement 
and  relaxation  has  always  been  hunting. 

On  the  20th  of  April,  1880,  he  married  Miss  Annie  Caroline 
Williams,  daughter  of  O.  P.  Williams,  of  Walterboro.  Of  their 
five  children,  two  are  living  in  1907. 


CHARLES  STUART  VEDDER 

VEDDER,  CHARLES  STUART,  D.  D.,  pastor  of  the 
Huguenot  church  at  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  was 
born  in  Schenectady,  New  York,  October  7,  1826.  His 
father  was  Albert  A.  Vedder,  and  his  mother  Susan  Fulton 
Vedder.  His  father  was  a  farmer  in  early  life  and  was  for  many 
years  a  magistrate  in  his  native  county.  He  was  a  man  of  sturdy 
integrity,  as  became  his  Holland-Dutch  extraction,  and  of  great 
gentleness  and  courage.  The  first  paternal  ancestor  to  come  to 
America  was  Harmen  Albert  Vedder,  who  emigrated  from  Hol- 
land and  settled  in  New  York  city  in  1562.  Two  ancestors,  John 
and  Albert  Vedder,  were  carried  captive  to  Canada  in  the  French 
and  English  wars.  John  subsequently  fought  in  the  Revolu- 
tionary war  in  1776. 

The  subject  of  the  sketch  was  a  studious  youth  and  possessed 
a  passionate  love  of  reading.  His  health  was  vigorous  from  early 
childhood  until  his  twentieth  year,  when  it  was  impaired  by 
overstudy.  His  early  life  was  passed  in  the  cities  of  New  York 
and  Schenectady.  He  determined  to  train  himself  for  editorial 
life,  and  left  the  academy  at  which  he  was  studying  to  learn 
practical  printing  with  a  view  to  that  end.  He  spent  four  years 
at  the  Harpers'  establishment  and  in  the  offices  of  the  New  York 
"American"  and  "Evening  Gazette."  At  this  time  he  had  no 
taste  for  other  professional  life,  and  chose  printing  as  most  likely 
to  be  useful  to  him  in  his  future  career.  Home  influences, 
especially  the  influence  of  his  mother,  were  very  efficient  in  the 
development  of  his  character.  He  had  no  difficulty  in  acquiring 
his  education  except  such  as  arose  from  his  impaired  health.  All 
through  his  life  he  has  set  the  Bible  above  all  things,  and  that 
book  and  the  Imitation  of  Christ,  by  Thomas  a  Kempis,  were 
most  potent  and  helpful  in  his  intellectual  development.  He 
entered  the  Schenectady  Lyceum  academy  at  an  early  age,  and 
subsequently  Union  college,  Schenectady,  from  which  latter  insti- 
tution he  was  graduated  in  the  year  1851,  becoming,  after  his 
graduation,  one  of  the  tutors  of  the  college.  He  took  a  post- 
graduate course  at  the  Theological  seminary  at  Columbia,  South 
Carolina,  from  which  he  was  graduated  in  1861,  and  was  licensed 


CHARLES    STUART   VEDDER  409 

to  preach  the  same  year.  He  has  received  the  honorary  degree 
of  D.  D.  from  the  New  York  university  and  the  Charleston 
college,  and  also  the  degree  of  LL.  D.  from  the  latter  institution. 
On  the  7th  of  June,  1854,  he  married  Helen  Amelia  Scovel. 

Doctor  Vedder  began  the  active  work  of  life  in  New  York 
city  and  Schenectady.  His  impulse  toward  the  ministry  was 
wholly  spontaneous,  though  the  early  influences  of  the  Sunday 
school  had  suggested  it.  His  service  as  a  minister  of  the  Gospel 
began  in  Summerville,  South  Carolina,  in  1861,  and  he  remained 
there  through  1866,  at  which  time  he  was  called  to  the  pastorate 
of  the  Huguenot  church  in  Charleston,  South  Carolina,  a  post 
which  he  has  held  for  forty  years  and  which  he  now  (1907) 
occupies.  He  has  been  the  president  of  many  social  and  civic 
societies,  such  as  the  New  England  society,  of  Charleston,  the 
Charleston  Ministerial  union,  the  Howard  association,  the  Train- 
ing School  for  Nurses,  the  Charleston  Bible  society,  and  the 
Charleston  lyceum. 

During  the  War  between  the  States,  Doctor  Vedder  served 
as  chaplain  of  the  Eighteenth  regiment  of  state  troops,  and  is 
now  chaplain  of  Camp  A.  Burnet  Rhett,  United  Confederate 
veterans.  He  has  written  and  published  many  sermons,  poems  and 
addresses.  He  has  been  a  Mason  for  fifty  years  and  a  member 
of  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa  society  for  a  like  period.  Among  the 
official  positions  he  has  held  are  those  of  president  of  the  New 
England  society  for  twenty  years,  and  master  of  St.  George's 
lodge,  F.  A.  M.  He  has  always  been  a  Democrat  and  a  Presby- 
terian, and  while  giving  no  especial  attention  to  athletics,  he  is 
able  to  enjoy  a  good  game  of  baseball. 

A  leading  belief  of  Doctor  Vedder's  has  always  been  that 
God  helps  those  who  help  themselves,  and  any  failures  that  may 
be  chargeable  to  his  own  account  are  traceable  only  to  the  neglect 
of  this  maxim.  His  favorite  motto  has  been  those  words  of  John 
Ruskin,  "All  things  beautiful  and  good  are  possible  to  him  who 
believes  in  their  possibility  and  who  will  bend  every  energy  to 
make  them  realities."  In  this  belief  he  has  lived,  and  he  would 
commend  it  to  all  who  desire  to  form  a  sound  ideal  and  to  attain 
true  success  in  life. 


410  CHARLES    STUART   VEDDER 

A  brief  biography  of  Doctor  Vedder  has  been  published  in 
the  "Presbyterian  Cyclopedia,"  to  which  reference  may  be  had 
for  further  particulars  as  to  his  long,  busy  and  useful  career. 

His  postoffice  address  is  116  Church  street,  Charleston,  South 
Carolina. 


"4  •*      i        T 

o  •     *  '*  r 

rt f    /Vt    ,. 

-'»-  u. 


WILLIAM  HENRY  WALLACE 

WALLACE,  WILLIAM  HENRY,  editor  and  teacher, 
was  born  in  Newberry  county,  South  Carolina,  Novem- 
ber 4,  1848.  His  father,  John  Wallace,  was  a  farmer, 
well  known  for  his  industry,  honesty  and  kindness.  He  brought 
up  his  son  to  the  ordinary  labor  of  a  farmer,  requiring  systematic 
labor  on  the  land  when  the  boy  was  not  at  school,  and  expecting 
daily  attention  to  "chores"  even  in  school-term  time.  A  strong, 
healthy  boyhood  with  its  share  of  outdoor  sports,  and  particularly 
with  much  horseback  exercise,  gave  to  the  growing  youth  a  sound 
constitution,  which  has  stood  him  in  good  stead  in  the  later  labors 
of  life. 

His  father  sent  him  to  a  good  preparatory  school ;  and  later 
to  Wofford  college,  from  which  institution  he  was  graduated  in 
1871  with  the  degree  of  A.  B. 

He  pursued  post-graduate  studies  under  the  advice  and 
direction  of  the  faculty,  and  in  1874  received  the  second  degree 
in  arts,  A.  M.,  in  recognition  of  this  work. 

As  a  boy  he  had  been  fascinated  by  the  style  and  subject- 
matter  of  Macaulay's  History  of  England;  and  to  the  essays  of 
Macaulay,  as  well  as  to  study  of  law  books,  he  feels  that  he  owes 
much  of  such  power  as  writer  as  his  editorial  work  in  middle 
life  has  shown. 

From  1871  to  1876  he  taught;  for  the  first  year  in  the  Reid- 
ville  male  school  in  Spartanburg  county,  and  for  three  succeeding 
years  in  Columbia  Female  college.  From  1876  to  1893  he  edited 
a  newspaper  published  at  Newberry.  Teaching  claimed  him 
again,  and  he  filled  a  chair  in  Columbia  Female  college  from 
1893  until  1895.  He  was  superintendent  of  the  Newberry  schools 
for  five  years,  1895  to  1900.  He  edited  the  "Greenville  Daily 
News"  for  a  year,  1900-1;  and  since  1901  he  has  been  the  editor 
of  the  "Newberry  Observer,"  using  wisely  that  relation  (of 
friendly  critic  of  the  life  of  the  community  and  guide  to  public 
opinion)  which  gives  so  much  of  influence  to  the  local  editor  when 
he  is  a  man  of  character  whom  his  fellow-citizens  respect. 

During  the  War  between  the  States,  Mr.  Wallace  served  for 


414  WILLIAM    HENRY   WALLACE 

six  months  in  the  Confederate  army,  although  he  was  but  sixteen 
when  the  war  closed. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  Kappa  Alpha  fraternity,  as  an 
under-graduate  at  college;  he  is  a  member  of  the  Knights  of 
Honor;  and  in  both  fraternities  he  has  held  official  positions  of 
prominence.  He  is  identified  with  the  Southern  Methodist 
church. 

On  December  26,  1872,  he  married  Alice  A.  Lomax,  daughter 
of  Lucien  H.  Lomax,  of  Abbeville.  Of  their  two  children,  one 
is  still  (1907)  living. 

Mr.  Wallace  was  led  by  personal  preference  to  his  life  work 
as  editor.  The  profession  of  teaching  and  superintending  schools, 
which  has  claimed  several  years  of  his  time,  he  has  regarded  as 
closely  allied  to  his  work  as  editor  in  shaping  public  opinion  and 
chronicling  and  endeavoring  to  better  the  life  of  the  communities 
in  which  he  has  lived.  It  would  be  hard  to  say  whether  a  larger 
number  of  "old  pupils"  or  "old  subscribers"  are  to  be  numbered 
among  the  host  of  friends  who  feel  personally  indebted  to  Mr. 
Wallace  for  instruction  and  good  influence. 

His  address  is  Newberry,  South  Carolina. 


- 


JOHN  EDWARD  WANNAMAKER 

WANNAMAKER,  JOHN  EDWARD,  planter  and  farmer, 
who  has  a  firm  and  most  cheerful  faith  in  farming 
as  a  paying  business,  and  in  modern,  intelligent  farm- 
life  as  the  very  best  school  for  character,  in  these  years  when 
manufactures,  trade  and  town-life  attract  most  Carolinians,  is  an 
interesting  character.  Not  only  by  reason  of  his  pronounced 
convictions  upon  the  attractiveness  of  farming  and  planting,  but 
also  by  reason  of  his  public  spirit  and  his  active  interest  in 
education  and  public  morals,  John  Edward  Wannamaker  has 
made  a  place  for  himself  among  the  men  of  mark  in  South 
Carolina. 

He  was  born  at  Poplar  Spring,  near  Orangeburg,  South 
Carolina,  on  September  12,  1851.  His  father,  John  Jacob  Wan- 
namaker, was  a  local  preacher  and  farmer,  whose  honesty  and 
fidelity  to  duty  had  won  him  the  respect  of  all  his  neighbors,  and 
led  to  his  election  as  a  member  of  the  state  convention  which 
passed  the  ordinance  of  secession.  His  mother,  whose  maiden 
name  was  Mary  K.  Salley,  was  a  most  potent  influence  in  forming 
his  character  and  his  ideals  of  life.  His  mother  was  of  Scotch 
lineage,  his  father  of  German  stock. 

A  strong,  healthy  boy,  fond  of  outdoor  sports,  books  of 
adventure  had  a  charm  for  him  in  early  boyhood;  and  a  warm 
interest  in  biography,  awakened  then,  has  continued  and  grown 
deeper  in  his  mature  years.  He  says  of  his  boyhood:  "I  have 
always  considered  it  a  great  misfortune  that  I  had  no  tasks 
required  of  me  which  involved  manual  labor.  We  had  plenty 
of  servants,  and  it  was  not  then  the  fashion  to  work.  I  did 
voluntarily  learn  to  plow,  and  I  planted  and  worked  with  my 
own  hands  patches  on  the  farm  for  pocket  money.  This  was 
very  helpful.  It  strengthened  the  body,  clarified  the  mind,  and 
gave  me  a  better  appreciation  of  labor  and  its  deserts.  Every 
boy  should  be  required  to  do  some  manual  labor  to  give  fiber  to 
his  muscle  and  strength  to  his  mind,  and  for  the  good  of  his 
soul." 

"The  period  between  1865  and  1872  in  the  history  of  our 
state  tried  men's  souls,"  he  writes;  and  Mr.  Wannamaker  had 


418  JOHN    EDWARD    WANNAMAKER 

to  encounter  serious  difficulties  in  acquiring  an  education.  The 
neighboring  country  schools  and  private  tutors  finally  prepared 
him  for  college,  and  he  was  graduated  from  Wofford  college  in 
1872  with  the  degree  of  A.  B. 

He  began  his  chosen  life  work  as  a  farmer,  in  1873,  on  the 
plantation  which  he  inherited  from  his  father,  who  had  died 
before  the  close  of  the  War  between  the  States,  leaving  two 
daughters  and  two  sons  to  be  reared  and  educated  by  their 
widowed  mother.  As  the  oldest  of  these  children,  John  Wanna- 
maker  felt  it  at  once  a  privilege  and  a  duty  to  relieve  his  mother 
of  this  load  of  anxiety  in  as  far  as  he  could,  and  he  took  charge 
of  the  plantation.  From  his  earliest  boyhood,  prompted  by  the 
earnest  desire  "to  be  of  some  service  to  his  fellow-men,"  he  began 
the  management  of  this  property  with  the  hope  of  not  only 
gaining  a  livelihood  for  his  family,  but  of  making  his  life  as  a 
planter  and  farmer  tell  upon  the  ideals  and  interests  of  his  neigh- 
bors and  his  fellow-citizens.  He  says:  "To  keep  'from  going  to 
seed'  on  the  farm,  I  do  not  confine  my  reading  to  agricultural 
works  exclusively,  but  try  to  keep  in  touch  with  the  broader 
thought  of  our  time;  and  I  am  slowly  building  up  a  library  of 
choice  books — poetry,  history  and  fiction." 

In  January,  1878,  he  married  Miss  Martha  Nelson  Duncan, 
daughter  of  Major  D.  R.  and  Mrs.  Virginia  (Nelson)  Duncan, 
of  Spartanburg,  South  Carolina.  Of  their  eight  children,  seven 
are  now  (1907)  living. 

At  college  a  member  of  the  Kappa  Alpha  fraternity;  by 
conviction  and  choice  a  Democrat ;  finding  healthful  recreation  in 
"field  sport  with  gun  and  dog,"  Mr.  Wannamaker  has  devoted 
himself  to  his  plantation  and  to  the  interests  of  farm-life  and 
education,  advocating  with  pen  and  voice  such  views  as  are 
indicated  in  the  closing  paragraph  of  this  article,  in  which  he 
speaks  to  young  Carolinians  of  his  convictions  and  his  hopes  for 
his  state  and  theirs.  A  member  of  the  Methodist  Episcopal 
Church,  South,  he  has  served  as  steward,  trustee,  and  continuously 
since  1879  superintendent  of  the  Sunday  school  of  St.  Paul 
Methodist  Episcopal  church  at  St.  Matthews,  Orangeburg  county. 

While  Mr.  Wannamaker  has  always  taken  a  deep  interest  in 
politics,  both  state  and  national,  he  has  never  sought  or  held 
political  office.  He  served  as  president  of  the  "Farmers  associa- 
tion" of  his  county.  Under  his  leadership  the  prime  object  of 


JOHN   EDWARD    WANNAMAKER  419 

that  semi-political  body  was  the  establishment,  in  South  Caro- 
lina, of  an  agricultural  college  separate  and  distinct,  and  it  was 
largely  due  to  their  efforts  that  the  Clemson  Agricultural  and 
Mechanical  college  was  instituted.  Although  Mr.  Wannamaker 
was  not  acquainted  with  him,  and  had  no  knowledge  of  his 
intentions  regarding  his  selection  of  officials,  Mr.  Clemson,  the 
founder  of  the  college,  appointed  him  a  life  trustee  of  the  insti- 
tution. Mr.  Wannamaker  is  also  president  of  the  Orangeburg 
County  Cotton  association — a  strong  organization  which  seeks  to 
secure  fair  prices  for  that  unrivaled  crop  of  the  South,  cotton; 
and  at  the  same  time  encourages  and  promotes  a  sane  and  safe 
system  of  diversified  agriculture. 

"Plenty  of  fresh  air,  day  and  night,  winter  and  summer; 
pure  water,  and  'deep  breathing,'  he  commends  to  his  fellow- 
citizens.  He  says :  "If  I  had  to  live  my  life  over,  I  think  I  would 
devote  more  time  to  its  social  features  and  not  so  much  to  business, 
for  'character  is  formed  in  the  stream  of  life.' 

To  the  young  he  says :  "Let  young  Americans  set  their  faces 
rigidly  against  the  'easy  dollar'  and  'get-rich-quick'  schemes. 
Let  them  regard  money  as  a  means — not  an  end.  Be  a  'live  wire' 
— but  do  not  make  the  grievous  mistake  of  measuring  all  success 
by  the  dollar-mark.  Be  'on  time.'  Keep  engagements  religiously 
— this  enters  into  the  warp  and  woof  of  character." 

In  the  interest  of  farming  and  education  in  South  Carolina, 
Mr.  Wannamaker  writes :  "I  am  essentially  a  home  man,  living 
on  my  farm,  and  I  revel  in  its  delights.  Believing  that  home 
influence  makes  an  indelible  impression  on  the  character  of  chil- 
dren at  the  formative  period  of  their  lives,  I  strive  to  make  it 
conducive  to  the  making  of  strong,  pure,  virile  character.  Self- 
help  is  a  cardinal  doctrine  in  this  home;  and  the  companionship 
of  books,  papers  and  periodicals  is  favored  and  encouraged  for 
all  its  members.  I  take  delight  in  my  work;  I  believe  heartily 
in  the  splendid  opportunity  of  the  Southern  farmer  to  make  a 
good  living  and  to  educate  his  children;  and  I  view  with  sorrow 
and  alarm  the  tendency  of  our  white  people  to  drift  into  the 
villages,  towns  and  cities,  turning  over  to  the  ignorant  negro  the 
fertile  fields  of  Carolina  to  be  butchered  and  bled  to  death  by  a 
vicious  system  of  farming.  Agriculture  in  this  glorious  South- 
land has  marvelous  possibilities.  We  can  grow  here  almost 
everything  that  man  needs,  and  we  have  a  natural  monopoly  of 


420  JOHN    EDWARD   WANNAMAKER 

the  greatest  and  most  wonderful  money  crop  in  the  world. 
American  middling  cotton  can  only  be  grown  extensively  in  the 
southern  belt  of  the  United  States,  and  it  stands  unique,  without 
a  rival  on  the  globe.  Given  a  moderate  capital;  given  energy 
and  push,  brawn  and  brain;  given  books  and  daily  papers  now 
within  the  reach  of  all;  given  the  wonderful  telephone,  which 
has  the  ear  of  all  the  world;  given  rural  free  postal  delivery; 
and  why  should  the  farmer,  in  daily  contact  with  nature  and 
with  nature's  God,  envy  his  more  polished  brother,  in  the  din 
and  the  depths  of  a  great  city  ?  I  have  long  thought  that  a  great 
deal  of  human  misery  and  of  the  woe  and  wretchedness  of  great 
cities,  with  many  other  perplexing  municipal  problems,  would 
be  relieved  and  solved  could  some  plan  be  devised  to  move  the 
hundreds  of  thousands  of  "the  miserables"  from  the  hot-beds  of 
sin,  corruption  and  vice  in  our  great  cities  to  the  broad  and 
friendly  bosom  of  mother  earth  in  the  country,  teeming  with 
fruitfulness  and  all  good  things." 

"I  am  deeply  interested  in  the  education  of  our  people;  in 
the  colleges  and  common  schools  of  our  state.  We  are  strong  in 
natural  resources  and  material  development;  we  are  weak  along 
educational  lines.  The  strength  of  our  state  consists  not  in  her 
fertile  fields,  her  mines  and  factories ;  but  always  in  her  cultivated 
sons  and  daughters,  in  educated  brain  and  noble  character.  Our 
colleges  are  liberally  supported ;  our  common  schools  are  not.  We 
underpay  our  teachers,  who,  in  a  large  measure,  are  shaping  and 
forming  the  character  of  our  children.  We  must  pay  more,  and 
'set  a  higher  standard  for  our  teachers.' 


THOMAS  RICHARD  WARING 

WARING,  THOMAS  RICHARD,  son  of  Edward  P. 
Waring  and  Anna  T.  (Waties)  Waring,  was  born 
December  7,  1871,  at  Charleston,  South  Carolina.  His 
father  was  in  charge  of  the  traffic  department  of  a  railroad,  and, 
at  one  time,  was  county  superintendent  of  education. 

The  earliest  known  ancestors  of  the  family  came  from  Eng- 
land early  in  the  eighteenth  century  and  settled  about  Charleston. 
In  this  city,  Thomas  Waring's  early  life  was  passed.  His  educa- 
tion was  obtained  at  the  Porter  academy,  Charleston,  and  at 
Hobart  college,  Geneva,  New  York,  from  which  he  was  graduated 
in  1890  with  the  degree  of  B.  L.  His  active  life  work  was  begun 
in  the  traffic  department  of  the  South  Carolina  and  Georgia 
railroad,  in  which  he  worked  from  1890  to  1894.  From  1894  to 
1895  he  was  employed  in  the  business  department  of  the  "Evening 
Post."  From  1895  to  1897  he  worked  on  the  reportorial  and  sub- 
editorial  staff  of  the  same  paper;  and,  in  1897  he  became  editor. 

Mr.  Waring  is  a  member  of  the  Kappa  Alpha  (Northern) 
college  fraternity;  of  the  Masonic  order,  Landmark  lodge,  No. 
76,  of  which  he  is  a  past  master ;  of  Union  chapter,  No.  3,  Royal 
Arch  Masons ;  of  Enoch  council,  No.  1,  Royal  and  Select  Masters ; 
and  of  Carolina  lodge,  No.  9,  Knights  of  Pythias.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Commercial  club,  and  of  the  chamber  of  commerce. 
In  1906  he  was  appointed  by  Governor  Heyward  a  member,  from 
the  first  congressional  district,  of  the  South  Carolina  commission 
to  the  Jamestown  exposition.  He  is  a  Democrat  in  politics,  and 
is  an  Episcopalian  in  religion. 

On  November  23,  1898,  he  was  married  to  Laura  C.  Witte, 
daughter  of  Charles  O.  and  Charlotte  Sophia  (Reeves)  Witte. 
Two  children  have  been  born  of  this  marriage,  both  of  whom  are 
living  in  1907. 

His  address  is  Charleston,  South  Carolina. 


HENRY  ALEXANDER  WHITE 

WHITE,  HENRY  ALEXANDER,  D.  D.,  Presbyterian 
clergyman,  educator  and  author,  was  born  May  15, 
1861,  in  Greenbrier  county,  West  Virginia.  His  father, 
William  Orr  White,  surveyor  and  farmer,  was  a  strong-minded 
Scot  from  Ulster,  Ireland,  of  spotless  integrity,  untiring  energy 
and  industry,  with  a  talent  for  mathematics  and  the  surveying 
of  lands,  and  given  to  quoting  poems  of  Robert  Burns;  his 
mother,  Mary  McClure  (Irwin)  White,  was  a  woman  of  strong 
piety  of  the  strict  Scotch  type,  possessing  rare  tact  and  a  great 
desire  to  send  him  to  college,  and  exerted  a  strong  influence  upon 
his  intellectual  and  moral  life.  His  blood  is  Scotch- Irish,  a 
blend  that  has  produced  many  distinguished  men.  His  grand- 
father, William  White,  an  officer  of  Omagh  infantry,  left  Tyrone, 
Ireland,  in  1817,  and  came  to  Virginia  with  his  wife,  Rebekah 
Orr,  and  their  children.  This  William  White  was  related  to 
the  Caldwell  family,  which  came  from  the  north  of  Ireland  to 
Virginia;  his  maternal  grandfather,  Captain  John  Irwin,  came 
from  Augusta  county,  Virginia,  to  Greenbrier  county,  West 
Virginia,  about  1820,  and  became  supervisor  or  county  judge  and 
an  officer  of  Virginia  militia. 

He  was  reared  on  a  farm,  was  in  perfect  health,  and  from 
early  childhood  had  an  insatiable  thirst  for  knowledge,  read  all 
the  books  in  the  house  and  borrowed  all  he  could  from  the 
neighbors.  He  was  also  fond  of  outdoor  life,  and  enjoyed  the 
management  of  horses,  in  which  he  soon  became  an  expert,  both 
as  rider  and  driver.  He  was  taught  surveying  by  his  father,, 
was  methodical  in  habits  of  work,  and  a  close  observer  of  animals 
and  men.  Most  of  these  early  traits  he  has  retained,  and  he  still 
finds  his  most  enjoyable  recreation  in  horseback  riding  and  in 
long  walks.  His  ambition  was  aroused  by  successes  in  the  public 
schools  and  in  the  academy. 

At  the  public  schools  he  was  fortunate  in  having  unusually 
efficient  teachers ;  also  at  the  academy,  where  he  was  prepared  for 
college  under  Reverend  George  T.  Lyle  (a  Presbyterian  clergy- 
man) and  Professor  E.  H.  Marquess.  At  Washington  and  Lee 
university,  Lexington,  Virginia,  after  taking  every  scholastic 


HENRY   ALEXANDER   WHITE  423 

honor  in  the  institution  and  being  editor-in-chief  of  the  "Univer- 
sity Magazine,"  he  was  graduated  M.  A.  in  1885,  and  was 
valedictorian  of  his  class;  he  took  a  medal  for  best  essay  (subject 
was  "St.  Paul"),  orator's  medal  and  medal  for  special  attainments 
in  history,  philosophy  and  literature,  and  delivered  the  Cincin- 
nati oration,  the  highest  honor  given.  The  following  session  he 
began  a  post-graduate  course,  and  was  graduated  Ph.  D.  in  1887, 
the  thesis  for  the  degree  being  passed  on  by  Doctor  Noah  K. 
Davis,  of  the  University  of  Virginia.  In  1887  he  entered  Union 
Theological  seminary,  Virginia,  and  after  one  session  transferred 
to  Princeton  Theological  seminary,  New  Jersey,  where  he  was 
graduated  in  1889.  During  the  last  year  of  his  theological  course 
he  took  post-graduate  studies  in  philosophy,  at  Princeton  college, 
under  Doctor  James  McCosh,  one  of  the  grand  old  men  of 
American  Presbyterianism.  The  honorary  degree  of  D.  D.  was 
conferred  upon  him,  in  1891,  by  the  Central  university,  of 
Kentucky. 

In  the  fall  of  1889,  having  been  ordained  a  minister  of  the 
Presbyterian  church,  he  began  his  career  in  the  dual  capacity  of 
minister  of  the  Gospel  and  professor  of  history  in  Washington 
and  Lee  university,  remaining  there  until  1902.  Since  the  open- 
ing of  the  school  year  1902-03  he  has  been  professor  of  New 
Testament  (Greek)  literature  and  exegesis  in  Columbia  Theo- 
logical seminary,  Columbia,  South  Carolina,  where  his  work  has 
fulfilled  the  promise  of  his  brilliant  college  record.  He  is  in 
demand  as  a  pulpit  orator,  but  other  demands  upon  his  time 
make  it  impossible  for  him  to  accept  more  than  a  few  of  the 
invitations  he  receives. 

His  name  has  also  become  widely  known  as  a  writer.  He 
is  the  author  of  "Robert  E.  Lee  and  the  Southern  Confederacy" 
(one  of  the  G.  P.  Putnam's  Sons'  "Heroes  of  the  Nations"  series), 
published  1897,  favorably  commented  upon  by  press  and  public 
of  the  rest  of  the  country  and  enthusiastically  received  in  the 
South;  "A  Grammar  School  History  of  the  United  States" 
(1904)  ;  "A  Beginner's  History  of  the  United  States"  (1906)  ; 
"The  Making  of  South  Carolina :  A  School  History  of  the  State" 
(1906);  "Life  of  Stonewall  Jackson"  (1907) ;  "The  Pentateuch 
in  the  Light  of  the  Ancient  Monuments"  (1894)  ;  "The  Gospel  of 
Comfort"  (sermon)  (1895),  and  a  volume  of  addresses  delivered 
before  the  Scotch-Irish  society  of  America,  the  Historical  society 


Vol.  I— S.   C.— 20 


424  HENRY   ALEXANDER    WHITE 

of  Massachusetts,  and  the  Northern  and  Southern  synod  of  Ken- 
tucky at  its  Centennial  celebration,  Lexington,  1902. 

He  is  honorary  member  of  Alpha  chapter  (William  and 
Mary  college,  Virginia) ;  of  Phi  Beta  Kappa  Greek  letter  fra- 
ternity (was  initiated  in  company  with  Doctor  Thomas  Nelson 
Page,  the  distinguished  author) ;  a  member  of  Victoria  institute, 
of  London,  England,  and  of  the  executive  committee  of  the 
Scotch- Irish  society  of  America.  In  politics  he  is  a  Democrat. 

He  rates  the  influences  upon  his  success  in  life  as  having 
been,  in  about  equal  proportion,  home,  school,  private  study  and 
contact  with  men  in  active  life;  thinks  history  and  the  English 
Bible  were  the  most  helpful  books  in  fitting  him  for  his  work 
in  life. 

On  July  18,  1889,  he  was  married  to  Fanny  Beverley  Well- 
ford,  daughter  of  Judge  Beverley  Randolph  Wellford,  Jr.,  of 
the  circuit  court  of  Richmond,  Virginia. 

His  address  during  the  school  year  is  Columbia,  South  Caro- 
lina. 


JOHN  GEORGE  WHITE 

WHITE,  JOHN  GEORGE,  of  Chester,  South  Carolina, 
member  of  the  banking  firm  of  John  G.  and  T.  H. 
White,  was  born  at  Bullock's  Creek,  York  county, 
South  Carolina,  January  25,  1861.  His  father  was  a  merchant, 
who  held  no  public  office,  and  transmitted  to  his  sons  such 
standards  of  industry  and  honor  in  business-life  as  have  helped 
them  to  success  and  to  public  esteem. 

John  George  White  passed  his  boyhood  in  the  country,  and 
early  learned  to  work  with  his  hands  as  with  his  head,  having 
daily  tasks  which  inculcated  systematic  habits  and  a  love  of  study 
and  useful  occupation.  He  attended  the  common  schools  near 
his  home,  in  the  troubled  decade  which  followed  the  War  between 
the  States.  Until  he  was  nearly  twenty  he  worked  on  a  farm; 
and  in  1881  he  began  mercantile  life  as  clerk  in  a  store  in  Chester, 
where  he  still  resides.  Within  four  years  he  was  admitted  a 
member  of  the  firm  of  Joseph  Wylie  &  Company  (1885).  Subse- 
quently he  and  his  younger  brother,  Mr.  T.  H.  White,  acquired 
the  business  and  continued  it  under  the  same  firm  name. 

Mr.  White  married  Bessie  McFadden,  daughter  of  John  C. 
and  Louise  (Waters)  McFadden,  of  Chester,  August  18,  1891. 
They  have  had  six  children,  of  whom  four  are  living  in  1907. 

For  twenty-two  years,  as  a  member  of  one  of  the  leading 
business  firms  of  Chester,  Mr.  White  has  been  identified  with  the 
interests  of  the  place.  Beside  such  an  influence  in  local  affairs, 
for  righteousness  and  good  government,  as  a  merchant  of  upright 
character  and  industrious  habits  must  exert,  Mr.  White  has  served 
for  three  years  in  the  local  company  of  South  Carolina  militia, 
the  Lee  Light  infantry.  He  is  a  Mason.  His  political  associa- 
tions are  with  the  Democratic  party,  and  from  allegiance  to  that 
party  he  has  never  swerved.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Associate 
Reformed  Presbyterian  church. 


REID  WHITFORD 

WHITFORD,  KEID,  civil  engineer,  United  States  assist- 
ant engineer,  was  born  at  New  Bern,  North  Carolina, 
October  26, 1855.  His  father,  John  D.  Whitford,  was 
president  of  a  railroad,  mayor  of  New  Bern,  North  Carolina, 
collector  of  that  port,  and  state  senator ;  who  had  been  a  member 
of  the  secession  committee — a  man  of  decided  literary  talent,  a 
newspaper  writer,  and  a  colonel  in  the  Confederate  army.  His 
mother,  Mrs.  Jeanie  (Reid)  Whitford,  died  while  her  son  was 
still  too  young  to  be  greatly  influenced  by  her.  John  Whitford, 
his  earliest  known  American  ancestor,  came  from  Scotland  and 
settled  in  Maryland,  and  later  in  Virginia,  about  1700.  Reid 
Whitford's  great-grandfather  was  engaged  in  the  effort  to  sup- 
press Tories  in  Eastern  North  Carolina  during  the  War  of  the 
Revolution.  His  son,  Mr.  Reid  Whitford's  grandfather,  served 
in  the  War  of  1812. 

His  early  life  was  passed  in  the  city  of  New  Bern.  His 
health  was  perfect.  He  had  a  strong  predilection  for  sports, 
especially  for  hunting  and  the  management  and  operation  of 
boats.  Light  tasks  in  gardening,  flower  culture  and  the  planting 
of  trees,  gave  him  some  knowledge  of  "how  things  grow,"  and 
how  growing  things  must  be  cared  for.  Books  were  early  a 
delight  to  him,  and  books  upon  architecture  and  engineering  he 
has  always  enjoyed,  although  it  was  rather  his  father's  decision 
for  him  than  a  preference  of  his  own,  which  settled  the  choice 
of  his  life  work  as  an  engineer.  He  studied  in  the  common 
schools  of  New  Bern,  North  Carolina ;  and  when  he  was  eighteen 
he  took  up  special  studies  in  engineering  and  joined  a  class  in 
civil  engineering  which  did  practical  work  in  the  field. 

He  began  his  professional  work  as  a  rodman  in  the  engineer- 
ing corps  work  on  the  Raleigh  and  Augusta  Air  Line  railroad 
in  January,  1875.  Until  1879  he  was  engaged  in  engineering 
work  for  railroads  and  extensive  land  surveys.  Since  1879  he 
has  been  engaged  on  United  States  river  and  harbor  work,  etc. 
He  was  under  Captain  Phillips,  United  States  army  at  Norfolk, 
Virginia ;  then  under  different  officers  in  river  and  harbor  works 
on  the  South  Atlantic  coast.  He  was  assistant  engineer  to  the 


REID   WHITFORD  427 

state  of  North  Carolina  from  1886  until  1896.  He  was  assistant 
United  States  engineer  in  the  construction  of  jetties  at  the 
entrance  to  Winyah  bay,  and  in  the  construction  of  Estherville 
and  Minim  Creek  canal  connecting  Winyah  bay  and  the  Santee 
river,  and  for  other  public  works  in  North  and  South  Carolina. 

During  the  Spanish  war  he  superintended  the  construction 
of  the  defence  of  Georgetown  harbor,  acting  in  this  capacity  as 
assistant  United  States  engineer. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  American  Society  of  Civil  Engineers. 
He  is  a  Knight  of  Pythias,  and  a  Mason.  His  favorite  relaxation 
he  finds  in  photography,  as  an  aid  in  scientific  work  and  as  a 
fine  art.  He  is  a  Democrat  in  his  political  relations.  In  religious 
convictions  and  affiliations  he  is  an  Episcopalian. 

On  February  25,  1879,  he  was  married  to  Miss  Marian  E. 
Satchwell,  daughter  of  F.  J.  and  Sarah  J.  Satchwell,  of  Beaufort, 
North  Carolina.  They  had  three  children,  none  of  whom  long 
survived  their  mother.  He  was  a  second  time  married,  November 
16,  1893,  to  Miss  Mary  Ely  Vaux,  daughter  of  R.  W.  and  Eliza 
C.  Vaux,  of  Georgetown  county.  They  have  one  child. 

To  young  men  he  offers  this  advice :  "Adopt  some  calling  at 
an  early  age,  pursue  it  with  unfaltering  persistency,  and  attend 
strictly  to  details." 

His  address  is  Georgetown,  South  Carolina. 


VoL  I— S.  C.— 21 


BRIGHT  WILLIAMSON 

WILLIAMSON,  BKIGHT,  of  Darlington,  South  Caro- 
lina, banker  and  president  of  the  South  Atlantic  Oil 
company,  and  other  important  business  organizations, 
was  born  near  Darlington,  South  Carolina,  on  the  3d  of  March, 
1861.  His  father,  Benjamin  Franklin  Williamson,  was  a  planter, 
a  man  of  first-rate  executive  ability,  of  exceptionally  good  judg- 
ment, and  a  successful  planter  and  manager  of  landed  property. 
His  mother,  Margaret  (Mclver)  Williamson,  was  devoted  to  her 
husband  and  children,  and  had  a  strong  influence  upon  the  later 
life  as  well  as  the  childhood  of  her  son.  Among  his  earliest 
ancestors  in  America  were  Colonel  Alexander  McAlester,  from 
Kintyre,  Scotland,  and  Evander  Mclver,  also  an  emigrant  from 
Scotland,  who  came  to  South  Carolina  about  1740. 

As  a  boy  he  was  especially  fond  of  machinery,  mechanics, 
and  the  study  of  elementary  natural  science,  with  reading  upon 
scientific  subjects;  but  his  enjoyment  of  all  the  sports  of  boyhood 
was  hearty  and  keen.  He  learned  various  forms  of  work  in  his 
youth;  and  his  parents  made  a  point  of  his  mastering  whatever 
he  undertook  to  do  so  thoroughly  that  he  should  not  only  be  able 
to  do  it  himself,  but  should  also  be  competent  to  show  others  how 
to  do  it. 

The  circumstances  of  his  family  were  such  as  to  relieve  him 
from  the  need  of  working  for  self-support  during  his  years  in 
college  and  in  preparation  for  college.  He  attended,  first,  the 
local  country  schools  near  his  home;  and  later,  at  King's  Moun- 
tain Military  school,  he  was  prepared  for  a  course  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Virginia,  where  he  studied  from  1879  to  1881. 

In  1881  he  began  the  business  of  life  for  himself  by  under- 
taking the  management  of  a  farm  in  Darlington  county.  In  1889 
he  took  the  position  of  cashier  of  the  Bank  of  Darlington;  and 
in  1890  he  was  elected  president  of  that  bank.  While  he  has 
been  more  widely  known  in  later  years  through  his  business  as 
a  banker  and  as  president  of  business  organizations  of  Darlington, 
he  has  been  all  his  life  a  successful  planter.  The  record  of  his 
connection  with  the  prominent  business  interests  of  Darlington  is 
in  brief  as  follows :  Cashier  of  the  Bank  of  Darlington  from  1889 


? UBLiC  LIBRAai 


,  LBKOX 

FOUNDATION* 


BRIGHT    WILLIAMSON  431 

to  1890;  president  of  the  Bank  of  Darlington  from  1890  until 
the  present  time  (1907)  ;  president  of  the  Darlington  Phosphate 
company,  1895;  president  of  the  Darlington  Oil  company  from 
1899  to  1902;  president  of  the  Independent  Cotton  Oil  company 
from  1902  to  1904;  was  elected  president  of  the  South  Atlantic 
Oil  company  in  1906,  and  of  the  Darlington  Brick  company.  He 
is  also  a  director  in  many  other  organizations.  He  was  president 
of  the  board  of  trade  of  his  town  in  1899,  and  has  been  president 
of  the  Darlington  Historical  society  since  1905.  For  a  number 
of  years  he  has  been  a  vice-president  of  the  South  Carolina 
society,  perhaps  the  leading  social  club  of  the  state,  and  of  the 
Darlington  Agricultural  society. 

In  his  political  relations  he  is  a  member  of  the  Democratic 
party.  His  favorite  forms  of  amusement  and  exercise  have  been 
hunting,  travel,  riding  and  driving,  while  in  his  youth  he  was 
keenly  interested  in  all  athletic  sports. 

Mr.  Williamson  is  inclined  to  believe  that  "every  person  has 
sufficient  ability  to  succeed  in  life,  but  the  price  of  success  is 
eternal  vigilance." 

To  young  Carolinians  who  wish  to  succeed,  he  commends: 
"Good  associations,  industry,  promptness,  and  frugality;  the 
highest  regard  for  truth  and  honesty,  and  due  respect  for  the 
character,  opinions  and  feelings  of  others." 

In  1906  Mr.  Williamson  married  Miss  Margaret  Jones,  of 
Shelby,  North  Carolina. 


STANYARNE  WILSON 

WILSON,  STANYARNE,  statesman  and  lawyer,  was 
born  January  10,  1859,  in  Yorkville,  York  county, 
South  Carolina.  His  father,  William  Blackburn  Wil- 
son, lawyer  and  member  of  South  Carolina  state  legislature,  was 
a  thorough  master  of  his  profession,  very  religious,  eloquent,, 
widely  read,  of  poetic  temperament,  and  loved  home  rather  than 
public  distinction;  his  mother,  Arrah  Minerva  (Lowry)  Wilson, 
a  most  estimable  woman,  died  when  he  was  a  small  boy.  His 
ancestry  is  English-Irish;  the  Blackburns,  one  of  whom,  George, 
was  a  professor  in  South  Carolina  college,  came  from  England 
in  1760 ;  the  Stanyarnes,  for  some  generations  sea  island  planters, 
from  England  in  1720 ;  the  Millers  and  the  Lowrys,  business  men 
and  famous  planters,  the  first  from  England  and  the  latter  from 
Ireland  in  1700,  and  the  Wilsons,  doctors,  preachers  and  lawyers,, 
from  England  in  1800. 

In  youth  he  was  slender,  but  healthy  and  strong,  and 
decidedly  studious,  a  trait  he  has  retained.  He  received  his 
primary  education  from  his  father,  and  his  preparatory  training 
at  King's  Mountain  (South  Carolina)  Military  school;  then  took 
a  university  course  at  Washington  and  Lee  university,  Lexington, 
Virginia.  He  studied  law  in  his  father's  office,  and  in  1880  was 
admitted  to  the  bar  and  began  the  practice  of  law  in  Spartanburg. 
Until  the  spring  of  1884  he  was  content  with  his  practice,  which 
had  been  all  that  a  young  lawyer  had  a  right  to  expect,  and  he 
had  no  intention  of  entering  politics.  Then  along  came  one  of 
those  insignificant  incidents  that  occasionally  change  the  whole 
current  of  a  man's  life.  He  got  into  an  argument  with  a  candi- 
date for  the  legislature,  which  ended  in  a  fist  fight  between  them ; 
though  he  was  not  defeated  in  the  fight,  his  blood  was  aroused, 
and  on  the  spot  he  announced  himself  a  candidate  against  his 
whilom  physical  opponent,  and  he  won.  He  made  a  remarkable 
record  in  the  legislature,  getting  two  bills,  of  which  he  was  author, 
written  into  the  state  statutes:  the  eleven  hour  labor  law,  and 
the  present  railroad  law.  In  1894  he  was  nominated  and  elected 
representative  in  congress  from  the  fourth  South  Carolina  district 
and  served  three  consecutive  terms  until  March  4,  1901.  He  was 


Wa 


STANYARNE   WILSON  435 

a  candidate  for  renomination  in  1900,  but  lost.  In  congress  his 
ability  was  recognized  by  the  party  leaders,  and  during  his  last 
term  he  successfully  led  the  Democrats  of  the  house  in  the  fight 
against  the  bill  framed  by  South-hating  Republicans,  providing 
for  a  reduction  in  Southern  representation  in  congress  and  in 
the  electoral  college. 

Since  returning  home  from  congress  he  has  devoted  his  time 
mostly  to  his  law  practice  and  business  interests,  but  has  not 
entirely  neglected  politics;  his  friends  do  not,  by  any  means, 
regard  his  political  career  as  closed.  He  was  for  several  years 
captain  of  the  Hampton  guards,  a  crack  Spartanburg  military 
organization ;  is  president  of  the  Carolina  Mutual  Fire  Insurance 
company;  a  member  of  the  Protestant  Episcopal  church;  a  Ma- 
son, and  a  member  of  the  Phi  Gamma  Delta  college  fraternity. 

He  rates  private  study  as  having  been  the  strongest  influence 
in  his  career;  contact  with  men  in  active  life  next,  and  things 
the  books  most  helpful  in  preparing  him  for  it  were  history  and 
the  speeches  of  eminent  English  and  American  statesmen  and 
lawyers.  His  favorite  outdoor  recreation  is  riding ;  indoor,  read- 
ing. He  suggests  as  a  chart  by  which  the  young  may  steer  safely 
through  the  rough  waters  of  life :  "Thoroughness  in  ground  work 
and  details ;  industry  and  perseverance ;  greater  concern  about  the 
present  than  for  past  failures  or  future  hopes ;  faith  in  one's  self 
and  cultivation  of  the  optimistic ;  cultivate  a  good  conscience,  and 
fear  nothing  and  no  man;  accumulate  all  one  can,  honestly  and 
without  being  mean." 

On  November  25,  1896,  he  married  Hattie  W.  Hazard, 
daughter  of  B.  I.  Hazard,  of  Georgetown,  South  Carolina.  Two 
children  have  been  born  to  them. 

His  address  is  Spartanburg,  South  Carolina. 


CHARLES  OTTO  WITTE 

WITTE,  CHARLES  OTTO,  merchant,  banker,  and 
representative  of  foreign  governments,  was  born  in 
Blomberg,  Principality  of  Lippe-Detmold,  November 
23,  1823.  His  father  was  Ernst  Witte,  a  graduate  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Jena  with  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Law,  who,  in  1848, 
represented  the  county  of  Luneburg  in  the  upper  house  of  the 
parliament  of  the  kingdom  of  Hanover,  being  the  only  member 
of  that  body  not  a  nobleman.  His  grandfather,  also  Ernst  Witte, 
was  a  wealthy  merchant  of  Blomberg  and  mayor  of  the  city, 
holding  office  by  life  tenure.  His  mother  was  Lisette  Linnemann, 
of  Hovededissen.  The  first  of  the  name  of  whom  the  family 
have  documentary  records  was  Bernhard  Witte,  who  came  with 
Count  Simon  de  Lippe  from  Saxony- Weimar  and  settled  at  Horn 
in  Lippe-Detmold  in  the  sixteenth  century,  subsequently  removing 
to  Blomberg,  where  he  built  a  residence.  This  residence  was  still 
in  possession  of  the  family  when  the  subject  of  this  sketch  came 
to  America. 

Charles  O.  Witte  was  the  third  child  of  a  family  of  ten 
children — eight  boys  and  two  girls.  His  father,  though  educated 
for  the  law,  spent  his  life  as  an  agriculturist,  and  during  the  first 
eight  or  nine  years  of  Charles's  life  was  the  lessee  of  the  Domain 
of  Blomberg,  near  Blomberg,  having  fourteen  hundred  tenants. 
He  then  purchased  a  farm,  called  Kleefeld,  in  the  suburbs  of  the 
city  of  Hanover.  Here  Charles  spent  his  youth,  receiving  his 
education  in  the  Hanover  lyceum,  which  he  regularly  attended 
until  he  reached  manhood,  devoting  himself  especially  to  agri- 
cultural studies,  in  part  under  private  instructors,  and  supple- 
mented, out  of  school  hours  and  in  vacations,  by  the  performance 
of  regular  tasks  on  the  farm  and  in  the  gardens. 

His  education  completed,  he  resolved  to  come  to  the  United 
States  and  engage  in  planting,  expecting  to  put  to  some  practical 
use  his  special  agricultural  training,  but  soon  after  he  arrived  at 
New  York,  October  7,  1846,  he  reached  the  conclusion  that  his 
means  were  not  sufficient  to  engage  in  farming  under  favorable 
conditions  and  determined  to  become  a  merchant.  He  found 
employment  in  the  counting  rooms  of  H.  E.  Moring,  a  large 


CHARLES    OTTO    WITTE  439 

commission  and  exporting  and  importing  house,  and  rapidly 
familiarized  himself  with  the  details  of  the  business.  The  next 
year,  1847,  he  removed  to  Charleston,  arriving  on  the  last  day  of 
the  year,  under  an  engagement  as  clerk  for  Herman  Thierman, 
a  merchant,  who  needed  the  services  of  a  man  who  had  some 
knowledge  of  the  exporting  and  importing  trade,  and  he  has  been 
a  resident  of  Charleston  since  that  time.  Two  years  later  Mr. 

*/ 

Witte  went  into  the  grocery  and  commission  business  on  his  own 
account.  This  business  included  exporting  and  importing,  as 
well  as  domestic  trade,  and  was  conducted  with  success  until  the 
breaking  out  of  the  War  between  the  States,  when,  of  course,  it 
was  interrupted.  At  the  close  of  the  war  Mr.  Witte  contemplated 
retiring  from  active  business.  A  little  later  this  course  was  fully 
decided  upon,  and  on  February  15,  1866,  he  was  married  to 
Charlotte  Sophia  Reeves,  daughter  of  Matthew  and  Ellen  Boune- 
theau  Reeves,  of  Charleston.  He  closed  his  mercantile  affairs 
and  the  newly  married  pair  at  once  sailed  for  Europe,  where  they 
remained  for  a  year  and  a  half.  Their  eldest  child,  now  Mrs. 

•/ 

Alice  Witte  Sloan,  was  born  in  Germany  during  this  visit. 

Returning  to  Charleston,  the  wish  of  Mr.  Witte  to  escape 
from  active  business  was  not  to  be  gratified.  His  ability  was 
widely  recognized,  and  the  public  claimed  his  services.  So  it 
came  to  pass  that  on  April  13,  1868,  he  was  chosen  director  of 
the  People's  National  bank,  the  first  national  bank  organized  in 
South  Carolina,  its  charter  number  being  1621,  and  on  February 
21,  1870,  he  was  elected  its  president.  He  was  at  the  head  of 
this  institution  until  November  27,  1899,  and  during  his  admin- 
istration the  bank  prospered  and  became,  as  it  still  remains,  one 
of  the  leading  banks  in  South  Carolina.  Meanwhile,  the  Security 
Savings  bank  had  been  organized  and  he  had  been  chosen  its 
president.  This  latter  position  he  retained,  after  selling  his 
interest  in  the  Peoples  National,  and  is  still  (1907)  its  president. 
The  offices  are  at  Number  18  Broad  street. 

After  the  unification  of  Germany  under  William  I.,  Mr. 
Witte  was  commissioned  consul  for  the  Empire  at  Charleston, 
and  held  the  office  until  November,  1907,  having  of  his  own 
motion  tendered  his  resignation  in  the  April  preceding.  Upon 
his  retirement  the  Imperial  government  conferred  upon  him  the 
decoration  of  the  Royal  Crown,  in  recognition  of  merit,  making 
him  a  knight  of  the  order,  fourth  class.  He  long  held  the  offices 


440  CHARLES   OTTO    WITTE 

of  vice-consul  for  Sweden  and  Norway,  resigning  upon  the  sepa- 
ration of  those  kingdoms.  He  has  long  been  and  still  is  consul 
for  the  Austro-Hungarian  Empire.  In  recognition  of  services 
in  the  protection  of  the  commerce  of  Sweden  during  the  War 
between  the  States,  he  was  given  the  decoration  of  Knight  of 
Vase  by  the  king  of  Sweden.  He  has  also  received  a  decoration 
of  lesser  importance  from  the  Austrian  Empire.  He  became  a 
naturalized  citizen  of  the  United  States  a  few  years  after  coming 
to  Charleston,  when  he  began  to  acquire  real  estate,  in  which  he 
always  had  a  firm  faith  as  a  form  of  investment,  and  of  which 
he  is  a  large  holder,  in  Charleston  and  elsewhere  in  South  Caro- 
lina and  in  Florida. 

The  home  of  Mr.  Witte,  Number  172  Rutledge  avenue,  is 
one  of  the  handsome  places  in  Charleston;  the  house,  a  mansion 
of  colonial  type  a  century  old,  and  the  grounds  being  the  object 
of  admiring  interest  to  visitors.  He  also  has  a  home  on  Sullivan's 
Island,  where  he  has  for  years  spent  the  summers. 

Mrs.  Witte  died  in  1892.  There  are  six  daughters,  all  of 
whom  are  married  and  living  in  Charleston,  some  of  them  and 
their  families  with  their  father. 

Mr.  Witte  has  always  enjoyed  vigorous  health.  His  youthful 
fondness  for  plants  and  flowers  survives,  and  he  takes  a  lively 
interest  in  his  gardens.  He  is  a  wide  reader,  familiar  with 
English  as  well  as  German  literature,  and  keeps  well  informed, 
especially  in  the  line  of  international  politics.  He  is  fond  of  the 
companionship  of  his  friends,  and  his  home  is  notable  for  its 
hospitality.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Lutheran  church. 

His  address  is  Charleston,  South  Carolina. 


D 


inf 


: 
. 

' 

der  of 
d.6sir6  "; 

' 

• 


JOHN  FRIERSON  WOODWARD 

WOODWAKD,  JOHN  FKIERSON,  of  Bishopville,  Lee 
county,  South  Carolina,  planter,  banker,  manufacturer, 
was  born  near  Bishopville  October  4, 1845.  His  father, 
Jesse  Woodward,  was  a  planter,  and  the  son  has  all  his  life  felt 
a  strong  influence  for  good  in  the  memory  of  his  father's  piety 
and  integrity.  His  mother,  Mrs.  Nancy  (Stuckey)  Woodward, 
interested  herself  deeply  and  constantly  in  the  moral  welfare  and 
the  intellectual  progress  of  her  son,  as  well  as  in  his  comfort  and 
happiness;  and  to  her  he  professes  a  great  debt  of  gratitude  for 
her  influence  on  him.  His  ancestors  came  from  England  and 
settled  in  South  Carolina  before  the  Revolutionary  period. 

He  had  a  healthy  and  happy  boyhood,  passed  on  his  father's 
farm,  where  he  learned  to  do  general  farm  work,  and  to  direct 
others  in  doing  it.  But  he  had  the  good  fortune  to  be  one  of 
those  boys  and  young  men  who  enjoy  farm-life  and  find  pleasure 
in  their  daily  duties  in  the  changing  round  of  the  seasons  with 
their  differing  forms  of  occupation  in  farm-life.  And  he  began 
at  an  unusually  early  age  to  be  responsible  for  the  management 
of  his  father's  farm. 

The  War  between  the  States  found  him  eager  to  be  in  the 
military  service  of  his  state  and  his  section;  and  while  a  boy  of 
sixteen  he  entered  the  Confederate  army  and  served  for  fifteen 
months. 

The  troubles  of  that  period  in  the  history  of  his  state  inter- 
fered with  his  attendance  at  school.  He  did  not  try  to  prepare 
for  a  course  of  advanced  study,  but  attended,  as  he  was  able,  the 
common  schools  of  the  county.  In  his  youth  he  had  access  to 
few  books,  but  then,  as  in  his  later  manhood,  he  was  an  interested 
reader  of  the  newspapers  and  of  current  literature,  with  a  keen 
desire  to  "keep  abreast  of  the  times"  in  matters  political  and 
social. 

At  eighteen  he  began  business  for  himself  as  a  planter.  And 
of  the  years  which  followed  he  writes :  "I  simply  kept  on  working 
and  waited  until  assisted  by  circumstances." 


444  JOHN   FRIERSON    WOODWARD 

He  was  married  to  Addie  J.  Wilson,  daughter  of  Hosea  and 
Mary  Wilson,  on  October  14,  1875.  Of  their  two  children,  one, 
Hosea  Wilson,  is  living  in  1907. 

In  July,  1902,  Mr.  Woodward  became  president  of  the  Bank 
of  Bishop ville,  which  position  he  still  holds.  In  May,  1903,  he 
was  made  president  of  the  Lee  County  Manufacturing  company, 
but  he  resigned  that  office  in  1904.  Since  April,  1901,  he  has 
also  been  president  of  the  Bishopville  Masonic  Hall  company. 

He  is  trustee  of  the  Methodist  church  of  Bishopville.  He 
is  a  Mason,  and  has  been  treasurer  of  the  Bishopville  lodge  since 
its  organization.  In  politics  a  Democrat,  he  has  at  no  time  seen 
any  reason  to  deviate  from  strict  adherence  to  his  party  in 
measures  advocated  or  in  support  of  candidates  nominated.  It 
is  his  lifelong  custom  to  attend  regularly  to  business  for  the 
greater  part  of  his  working  hours,  and  his  only  form  of  recreation 
he  has  found  in  an  occasional  trip  of  a  few  weeks  to  the  moun- 
tains or  the  seaside. 

It  is  evident  from  this  sketch  that  Mr.  Woodward  believes 
in  close  personal  attention  by  every  man  to  the  occupation  to 
which  he  professes  to  devote  his  time. 

His  advice  to  young  men  who  would  succeed  in  business, 
after  emphasizing  the  business  virtues  of  promptness,  regularity, 
energy,  industry,  integrity,  sobriety,  and  unceasing  vigilance, 
is  as  follows:  "Keep  every  detail  systematized.  Give  personal 
attention  to  even  the  smallest  matters." 


List  of  Full  Page  Portraits 


VOLUME  I. 


FACING 
PAGE 

ANSEL,  MARTIN  F 3 

HEYWARD,  DUNCAN  C.   .    .  6 

ALDRICH,  JAMES 12 

BAILEY,  THOMAS  M 18 

BRAWLEY,  WILLIAM  H.  .    .  26 

BRISTOW,  ABNER  A 35 

BROWN,  FREDERICK  G.  .   .  .  38 

BROWN,  JOSEPH  N 45 

BUIST,  GEORGE  L 48 

CAPERS,  ELLISON 55 

GARY,  JOHN  C 65 

COLCOCK,  CHARLES  J.,  JR.  .  72 

COURTENAY,  WlLLIAM  A.  .  78 

COWARD,  ASBURY 85 

EIDSON,  JOHN  D 101 

EMANUEL,  PHILIP  A.  ...  105 

FICKEN,  JOHN  F 112 

FRETWELL,  JOSEPH  J.  .   .   .  123 

FURMAN,  CHARLES  M.  .  .  .  126 

GLENN,  JOHN  L 138 

GOSSETT,  JAMES  P 145 

HASKELL,  ALEXANDER  C.   .  150 

HASKELL,  JOHN  C 156 

HENDERSON,  DANIEL  S.  .   .  163 

HERBERT,  DANIEL  O.   .    .    .  169 

HUDSON,  JOSHUA  H.  .    .    .  172 

IZLAR,  JAMES  F 183 

JERVEY,  THEODORE  D.  .   .   .  186 

JOHNSON,  DAVID  B 191 

KAMINSKI,  HEIMAN  ....  200 

KOLLOCK,  CHARLES  W.  .    .  209 

LATIMER,  ASBURY  C.  .    .    .  212 

LEE,  RICHARD  D 218 


FACING 
PAGE 

LUCAS,  JAMES  J 228 

McCuLLOUGH,  JOSEPH  A.  .  234 
MANNING,  RICHARD  I.  ...  248 
MEMMINGER,  ALLARD  .  .  .  259 

MOISE,  MARION 262 

MOOD,  JULIUS  A 268 

MOORE,  JAMES  W 275 

MORGAN,  WILLIAM  D.  .   .   .   278 

NEWTON,  HOPE  H 285 

OTTS,  JAMES  C 293 

PINCKNEY,  THOMAS  ....   301 

POPE,  JOSEPH  D 307 

POPE,  YOUNG  J 313 

PURDY,  ROBERT  0 316 

RHETT,  ROBERT  G 327 

ROBERTSON,  EDWIN  W.  .  .  333 
RODDEY,  WILLIAM  J.  .  .  .  339 
SCHERER,  JAMES  A.  B.  .  .  343 
SEIGNIOUS,  JAMES  M.  ...  351 
SHANNON,  CHARLES  J.,  JR.  356 

SMITH,  JOEL  A 367 

SNYDER,  HENRY  N 370 

SPENCER,  CHARLES  E.  .   .   .   374 

SPRINGS,  LsRoY 378 

SPRUNT,  ALEXANDER  .  .  .  384 
STACKHOUSE,  JAMES  ....  388 
TILLMAN,  BENJAMIN  R. .  .  398 
WALLACE,  WILLIAM  H.  .  .  413 
WANNAMAKER,  JOHN  E. .  .  417 
WILLIAMSON,  BRIGHT  ...  428 
WILSON,  STANYARNE  .  .  .  432 

WITTE,  CHARLES  0 436 

WOODWARD,  JOHN  F.  .    .    .  443 


Index  to  Biographies 


VOLUME  I. 


PAGE 

ANSEL,  MARTIN  F 3 

HEYWARD,  DUNCAN  C.  .    .       6 

ALDRICH,  JAMES 12 

BAILEY,  THOMAS  M 18 

BARNWELL,  JOSEPH  W.  .  .  23 
BRAWLEY,  WILLIAM  H.  .  .  26 

BRIGGS,  HENRY 31 

BRISTOW,  ABNER  A 35 

BROWN,  FREDERICK  G.  .  .  .     38 

BROWN,  JOSEPH  N 45 

BUIST,  GEORGE  L 48 

CAPERS,  ELLISON 55 

CAREY,  JAMES  P 59 

CARLISLE,  JAMES  H 61 

CARY,  JOHN  C 65 

COKER,  JAMES  L 69 

COLCOCK,  CHARLES  J.,  JR.  .  72 
COTHRAN,  THOMAS  P.  ...  76 
COURTENAY,  WlLLIAM  A.  .  78 

COWARD,  ASBURY 85 

DAVIS,  ZIMMERMAN  ....     87 

DEAN,  GEORGE  R 90 

DREHER,  JULIUS  D 92 

DUNCAN,  WILLIAM  W.  .    .     97 

EIDSON,  JOHN  D 101 

EMANUEL,  PHILIP  A.  ...   105 

EVANS,  JOHN  G 108 

FEATHERSTONE,  CLAUDIUS  C.  110 

FICKEN,  JOHN  F 112 

FOSTER,  ALFRED  H 117 

FRASER,  HUGH  W 119 

FRETWELL,  JOSEPH  J.  .  .  .  123 
FURMAN,  CHARLES  ML  ...  126 
GADSDEN,  CHRISTOPHER  S. .  130 
GAGE,  GEORGE  W 133 


PAGE 

GILLAND,  THOMAS,  McD.  .   136 

GLENN,  JOHN  L 138 

GOSSETT,  JAMES  P 145 

HAMER,  ROBERT  P 148 

HASKELL,  ALEXANDER  C.  .   150 

HASKELL,  JOHN  C 156 

HAYNESWORTH,  EDGAR  C.  .  160 
HENDERSON,  DANIEL  S.  .  .  163 
HERBERT,  DANIEL  O.  .  .  .  169 

HUDSON,  JOSHUA  H 172 

HUNTER,  JOHN  P 177 

IZLAR,  JAMES  F 183 

JERVEY,  THEODORE  D.  .   .  .   186 

JOHNSON,  DAVID  B 191 

JONES,  IRA  B 194 

JOYNES,  EDWARD  S 196 

KAMINSKI,  HEIMAN  ....  200 

KNOX,  JOHN  P 204 

KOLLOCK,  CHARLES  W.  .  .  209 
LATIMER,  ASBURY  C.  .  .  .  212 

LEE,  RICHARD  D 218 

LEWIS,  WILLIAM  W.  .  .  .  223 
LINDSAY,  WILLIAM  C.  .  .  .  225 

LUCAS,  JAMES  J 228 

MCCULLOUGH,  JOSEPH  A.  .  234 

MC!NTOSH,  JAMES 239 

MCLAURIN,  JOHN  L.  .   .    .   241 

McMANus,  AMOS 244 

McSwEEN,  JOHN 246 

MANNING,  RICHARD  I.   .    .   248 

MELL,  PATRICK  H 254 

MEMMINGER,  ALLARD  .   .    .   259 

MOISE,  MARION 262 

MONTGOMERY,  WILLIAM  J. .  266 
MOOD,  JULIUS  A 268 


448 


INDEX  TO  BIOGRAPHIES 


PAGE 

MOORE,  JAMES  W 275 

MORGAN,  WILLIAM  D.  .  .  .  278 
NEWTON,  HOPE  H.  .  .  .  -.  285 
NICHOLSON,  ALLAN  ....  289 

OTTS,  JAMES  C 293 

PARKER,  LEWIS  W 296 

PINCKNEY,  THOMAS  ....  301 

POPE,  JOSEPH  D 307 

POPE,  YOUNG  J 313 

PURDY,  ROBERT  0 316 

RAYSOR,  THOMAS  M.  .    .    .  320 

REAVES,  GEORGE  R 323 

RHETT,  ROBERT  G 327 

ROBERTSON,  EDWIN  W.  .  .  333 
RODDEY,  WILLIAM  J.  .  .  .  339 
SCHERER,  JAMES  A.  B.  .  .  343 

SCHUMPERT,    OSBORNE    L.     .    347 

SEIGNIOUS,  JAMES  M.  ...  351 
SHANNON,  CHARLES  J.,  JR.  356 
SHEPARD,  CHARLES  U.  .  .  .  360 

SLOAN,  BENJAMIN 363 

SMITH,  JOEL  A 367 


PAGE 

SNYDER,  HENRY  N 370 

SPENCER,  CHARLES  E.  .  .   .  374 

SPRINGS,  LsRoY 378 

SPRUNT,  ALEXANDER  .  .  .384 
STACKHOUSE,  JAMES  ....  388 
STONE,  J.  THEODUS  ....  392 

TALBIRD,  THOMAS 394 

THORNWELL,  JAMES  H.  .  .  396 
TILLMAN,  BENJAMIN  R. .  .  398 
TOWNSEND,  DANIEL  A.  .  .  404 

TRACY,  CARLOS  C 406 

VEDDER,  CHARLES  S 408 

WALLACE,  WILLIAM  H.  .  .  413 
WANNAMAKER,  JOHN  E. .  .  417 
WARING,  THOMAS  R.  .  .  .  421 

WHITE,  HENRY  A 422 

WHITE,  JOHN  G 425 

WHITFORD,  REID 426 

WILLIAMSON,  BRIGHT  .  .  .  428 
WILSON,  STANYARNE  .  .  .  432 

WITTE,  CHARLES  0 436 

WOODWARD,  JOHN  F.  .   .    .  443 


1928